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THE UNIVERSITY 
 
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 LIBRARY 
 
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 Presented by 
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THE 
 
 AMERICAN CYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 INDEX. 
 
A 
 
 GENERAL AND ANALYTICAL 
 
 INDEX 
 
 TO THE 
 
 AMERICAN CYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 BY 
 
 The Rev. T. J. CONANT, D. D., 
 
 ASSISTED BY HIS DAUGHTER, 
 
 BLAIDIN A CONANT. 
 
 WITH AH INDEX TO THE SUPPLEMENTS . 
 
 NEW YORK: 
 
 D. APPLETON AND COMPANY, 
 
 1, 3, and 5 BOND STREET. 
 
 LONDON: 16 LITTLE BRITAIN. 
 
 1 8 8 4 . 
 
Copyright, 1878, 1884, 
 
 By D. APPLETON AND COMPANY. 
 
i;ivf 
 
 
 TO THE READER. 
 
 * 
 
 The Index should be first consulted when information is sought on any subject. 
 The inquirer will thus find whether what he seeks is contained in some leading 
 article, or in several scattered through different volumes, or is incidentally given in 
 connection with another subject. 
 
 The plan of the Index is as follows : 
 
 All names of persons or objects in connection with which any information is 
 given, and would naturally be sought in that connection, are entered alphabetically, 
 the titles of leading articles being distinguished by small capitals, and other en¬ 
 tries by italics. 
 
 Of articles of much length the leading divisions are entered, to facilitate 
 reference. 
 
 When there are two or more names, or more than one mode of spelling the 
 name, of the same person or object, each is entered in its alphabetical order. 
 
 All pictorial representations of objects described are entered by name in their 
 proper connection, with the abbreviation (ill.) or (view) annexed. They are also 
 entered separately, where this is deemed necessary or convenient for ready 
 reference. 
 
 In the references to the Cyclopaedia, the first numeral (Roman) refers to the 
 volume, the second and third (Arabic) respectively to the page and column, and 
 the letters, a, b, c, to the first, second, or third part of the column. E. g.: “ Cotton¬ 
 wood , tree, XIII. 711, 2 c (ill.),” means that what is said of it may be found, with 
 an illustration, in the 13th volume, page 711, lower third of the 2d column. 
 
 The space at or near the meeting of two divisions is denoted by two letters 
 combined (ab, or be), and a special reference to two or more by the separate letters ; 
 as, “Myrtus communis (botany), XII. 112, 1 be (ill.) “ Sheikh [shaik], Bed¬ 
 ouin chief, II. 450, 2 b, c ; ” “ Pomfret , countess dowager of \ contributions to the 
 Arundelian marbles, I. 798, 2 a, b, c.” * 
 
 When, in a series of entries from different articles under one title, the number 
 of the volume is omitted, the reference is to the one last given. 
 
 * In the multitude of such references there may be some few errors. The reader will please look for 
 the reference in the other column, or another part of the column, if not found in the one given. 
 
 i0 I 355 7 
 
VI 
 
 TO THE READER. 
 
 The pronunciation of foreign proper names, and of other words which seem to 
 
 % 
 
 require it, has been added in brackets by Mr. Francis A. Teall, whose system of 
 notation is subjoined. The work has passed through the press under his supervis¬ 
 ion ; and to his familiarity with the contents of the Cyclopaedia, his ready memory, 
 and excellent judgment, it is greatly indebted for its accuracy and completeness. 
 
 The Index has also to some extent been made a supplement to the Cyclopaedia 
 by additional information parenthetically inserted. Thus, where a person noticed 
 in it has died since its close, the year of his death is generally noted. Where one 
 has attained to higher office, or met with any great change of fortune, that fact is 
 usually indicated. In many instances persons of some prominence are only inci¬ 
 dentally mentioned in the Cyclopaedia, in connection with the topics with which 
 their names are associated. Generally, where biographical notices of such persons 
 could be found, the briefest possible statement of the leading facts has been 
 inserted ; often the dates of birth and death alone are given, where nothing more 
 appeared to be essential. - 
 
 Occasionally a discrepancy will be observed between an entry in the Index and 
 the place referred to in the Cyclopaedia. In such case the former is to be under¬ 
 stood as a correction. The innumerable causes and sources of error, familiar to all 
 who have had to do with so immense an undertaking as the construction of a 
 cyclopaedia, make it impossible that some should not escape detection in its prog¬ 
 ress. They will generally be found trifling in form, though sometimes large in 
 effect, such as the accidental change of a single letter converting one word into 
 another. 
 
 The collating from different articles of passages relating to the same topic has 
 in a few instances prominently disclosed another source of discrepancies which, 
 unexplained, have the appearance of errors resulting from carelessness. In the 
 article on engraving a celebrated German artist is mentioned as Christian Friedrich 
 von Muller, who in the special article upon his father (Johann Gotthard) and him¬ 
 self is called Johann Friedrich Wilhelm. In seeking an explanation of this, it was 
 found that precisely the same difference exists in the corresponding articles of 
 Meyer’s Monversations-Lexikon , of later date than the Cyclopaedia articles ; while 
 in Pierer’s JJniversal-Lexikon he is called “Christian (Joh.) Friedrich Wilhelm.” 
 Again, in the article on Agra, it is said that the Taj Mahal was built by Shah 
 Jehan as a mausoleum for himself and his wife ISToor Mahal; while in that on. India 
 Nourmahal (the same name in another form) appears as the wife of his father 
 Jehanghir. A search showed that the large universal gazetteers, which the writer 
 of the former article naturally followed, contain the statement there given ; but 
 the writer on India followed more accurate historical authorities. In the Index, 
 under Moor Mahal, the true version is succinctly given. 
 
TO THE READER. 
 
 Vll 
 
 i 
 
 
 KEY TO PRONUNCIATION. 
 
 1. a, e, i, 6, ti, a. 8, i, o, u—the ordinary English long and short sounds of the vowels, as in 
 mate, mete, mite, mote, mute, bat, bet, bit, bot, but. Most of these marks are sparingly used, 
 as in general the position of the vowel sufficiently indicates its proper sound. 
 
 2. 4—Italian a, as in far, father, but frequently shorter. 
 
 8. 6—German o, occurring also in Hungarian, Swedish, and Danish (#). It represents the 
 diphthong oe, and its sound has no equivalent in English. It is an intimate blending of the 
 sounds of a in mate or e in met and u in but. Its long and short sounds may be approximately 
 represented thus, the small letter in each case indicating the subordinate element: g a uh'-teh, 
 Goethe; t& u p'-lits, Toplitz (with which the form Teplitz is interchangeable). The French and 
 Dutch eu approaches the sound of b, but is very nearly represented by u or uh. 
 
 4. oo—representing the u of most other languages, the French ou, the Dutch oe, and the 
 Portuguese and Swedish o final—is most commonly short, as in booh; but in certain positions, 
 easily determined by the ear, as at the end of an accented syllable, it is long, as in woo. 
 
 5. ow—representing au in other languages (except French), ou in Dutch, ao in Portuguese, 
 and approximately ao in Spanish and aou in French—is pronounced like ow in coio and ou in 
 out. 
 
 6. u—German and Hungarian u, French u, and Danish and Swedish y. These are usually 
 so nearly alike in sound that they are represented by the same character; there is no corre¬ 
 sponding sound in English. The German u stands for the diphthong ue (formerly id), and its 
 pronunciation is a close union of the sounds of u in mute and i in bit or e in mete; thus: 
 muil'-ler, Muller; bue'-lo, Billow. It sometimes runs almost wholly into the second element 
 (i or e). The French u, however, invariably approaches the sound indicated in the first exam¬ 
 ple ; but it is more simple, and may perhaps be said to consist of the first part of the diph¬ 
 thongal sound of the English u, as in mute —that is, with the sound stopped before the full 
 enunciation of the final oo element of that letter. 
 
 V. & Dg , a ng , o ng , u ng , &c.—French and Portuguese nasal vowels. The ng is small to indicate 
 that it represents no actual sound, but simply the mode of uttering the vowel. This may be 
 illustrated by pronouncing bang, song, rung without touching the soft palate 'with the upper 
 part of the tongue, thus producing the nasal effect without the distinct sound of ng. 
 
 8. ch—representing the Spanish ch, German tsch , Hungarian cs, the cz of some Slavic lan¬ 
 guages, the Italian c before e and i, &c.—sounds like ch in church. 
 
 9. c h, k h—German guttural ch, Spanish j and g (before e or i ), and (sometimes) x, &c. This 
 sound consists in the pronunciation of h in the throat (the organs being nearly closed) as a true 
 consonant rather than as a mere breathing. The roughening or rasping effect thereby produced 
 is indicated by the small c and k , the former after a, e, i, o, it, du, eu, l, &c. (where the sound 
 approaches that of sh, but must be carefully distinguished from it by keeping the lower part 
 of the tongue depressed), the latter in an initial syllable or after a, o, u, au. In German g 
 final is also guttural, but in burg and somd similar terminal syllables it has been deemed pre¬ 
 ferable to leave it unmarked. 
 
 10. gh.—The h is added to show that the g is hard, as in get. In certain cases h is omitted, 
 but when used in pronunciation g is always hard. 
 
 11. ly, ny, py, &c.—In these combinations the two letters are to be sounded together in one 
 breath, like li in folio, ni in union, &c. 
 
 12. th—the sharp sound of th, as in thin, representing the Spanish c before e or i, z, Ac. 
 (In Spanish America c and z generally have the sound of sharp s.) 
 
 13. th —the flat sound of th, as in this, representing the Spanish d , &c. 
 
 14. y’—the liquid element in many French and Hungarian terminal syllables, constituting 
 an indistinct, vanishing sound of y, in combination with that of the preceding vowel or conso¬ 
 nant. 
 
 15. Titles of which the pronunciation is not given are to be pronounced either according 
 
TO THE READER. 
 
 • • • 
 
 Vlll 
 
 to the marking of a preceding title of the same or similar form, or to the most obvious English 
 analogy. 
 
 Accentuation.— Only the primary syllabic accent of words is marked, as, where a secon¬ 
 dary accent is required, the ear is nearly always a sufficient guide to its proper position when the 
 former is known. Sometimes the pronunciation of Greek and Latin names and technological 
 terms is indicated by an accent alone. It may be well to remark that in these every vowel or 
 diphthong makes a separate syllable; as Hylob'ates (hl-lob'-a-teez). In French words and 
 names no accentuation is indicated, since in that language it is not determinate, but depends 
 upon the exigencies of utterance. Thus a word of several syllables, when making part of a 
 sentence, may, under differing circumstances, have each syllable alternately accentuated, or 
 possibly none of them, each being spoken with equal force, and the whole stress of the sen¬ 
 tence placed upon the culminating word. When spoken singly, however, or in connection 
 with another language, some accent is inevitable; and this usually falls upon the last syllable 
 when it ends in a consonantal or a strong vowel sound, and is preceded by syllables ending in 
 similar or weaker sounds. In other cases euphony generally requires that the accent shall be 
 placed at one or two (rarely if ever more) removes from the end. But on whichever syllable 
 it falls, all the others must be distinctly (however rapidly) enunciated, the slurring of unem- 
 phatic syllables, common in English and other languages of strong accent, being inadmissible 
 in French. 
 
 Division into Syllables. —In respelling words for pronunciation, deviations from the rules 
 of division in foreign languages have frequently been rendered necessary by the requirements 
 of English analogy. 
 
GENERAL INDEX 
 
 TO 
 
 THE AMERICAN CYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 A 
 
 A, a letter, I. 1. Sounds of, 1 b. Cicero’s 
 dislike of, ib. As a numeral, ib. Domini¬ 
 cal letter, 1 c. In logic, ib. In ancient in¬ 
 scriptions, ib. On medals and coins, ib. In 
 medical prescriptions, 2 a. On bills of ex¬ 
 change, ib. Chemical abbreviation, ib. In 
 the musical scale, ib. 
 
 Aa [a], name of several rivers, I. 1. 
 
 Aahmes I. (or Amasis), Egyptian king, I. 386, 
 2 c. 
 
 Aachen [4'- k hen]: see Aix-la-Chapelle, I. 
 223. Aachen-Munich fire insurance com¬ 
 pany, ib .; savings bank, ib. 
 
 Aalbobg- [awl'-borg], seaport, I. 1. 
 
 Aalen [a'-len], town, I. 2. 
 
 Aali Pasha [a'-le pa-sha'], Turkish statesman, 
 
 I. 2. 
 
 Aalst [alst]: see Aelst. 
 
 Aalten [al'-ten], town, I. 2. 
 
 Aab, or Aare [ar, a'-reh], river, I. 2. 
 
 Aaeau [a'-row], town, I. 2; peace of, ib. 
 
 Aaed-vaek [ard'-vark], animal, I. 3 (ill.). 
 
 Aaed-wolf [ard'-woolf], animal, I. 3 (ill.). 
 
 Aare: see Aab. 
 
 Aaegatj [ar'-gow], canton, I. 3. 
 
 Aaehuus [or'-hooce], seaport, I. 4. 
 
 Aaeon [a'-run], first Hebrew high priest, I. 
 4. Physician of the 7th century, and first 
 who mentions the smallpox, ib. 
 
 Aaron's rod , a plant, XIV. 751, 2 a. 
 
 Aaesens, Frans van [ar'-sence], diplomatist, 
 I. 4. 
 
 Aasen, Ivar Andreas [aw'-sen], philologist, 1.4. 
 
 1 
 
 ABBAS I. 
 
 Aasvae [awce'-vair], islands, I. 4. 
 
 Ab, Hebrew month, I. 4. 
 
 Abab'deh, or Ababdie, African tribes, I. 4. 
 
 Ab'aco, Great, an island, I. 4. 
 
 Ab'aous, in architecture, I. 5; I. 656, 1 c. 
 Cupboard, ib. Templar’s staff, ib. Calcula¬ 
 ting machine, ib. 
 
 Abad [a-bad'], name of Moorish kings, I. 5. 
 
 Abad'don : see Apollyon. 
 
 Ab'adite dynasty , end of, I. 5, 2 a. 
 
 AbaditeSy Arab natives of Oman, XII. 625, 
 2 a. 
 
 Ab'aka IvnAN, Mongol king, I. 5. 
 
 Ab'ana, river, I. 5; II. 295, 1 a; V. 651, 2 b. 
 
 Abancouet, Charles Xavier Joseph d’ [da- 
 ba ng -koor], minister of Louis XVI., I. 5. 
 
 Abano, Pietro d’ [da'-ba-no], philosopher, I. 5. 
 
 Abae'banel : see Abeavanel. 
 
 Abae'ca, Joaquin, Spanish bishop, I. 5. 
 
 Abaeim', mountain, I. 5. 
 
 Abascal', Jos6 Fernando, Spanish statesman, 
 I. 5. 
 
 Abas'inum, Roman town, I. 20, 2 a (Abexs- 
 beeg). 
 
 Abate'ment, in law: see Disseisin. Abate¬ 
 ment of a legacy, X. 317, 1 a. 
 
 Abattoir [ab-a-twar'], for the New York mar¬ 
 ket, IX. 611, 1 c. 
 
 Abauzit, Firmin [a-bo-ze], theologian, I. 6. 
 
 Abbadie, Jacques [a-ba-de], theologian, I. 6. 
 Antoine Thomson and Arnaud Michel d’ 
 [da-ba-de], explorers, 1 b. 
 
 Abbas' I., the Great, shah of Persia, I. 6. 
 
2 
 
 ABBA SALAMA 
 
 ABEGG 
 
 Abba Salama (Andraos), bishop of Abyssinia, 
 
 I. 48, 2 b. 
 
 Abbas' ben Abd-el-Mot'talib, uncle of Mo¬ 
 hammed, I. 6. See Abbassides. 
 
 Abbas Mirza [meer'-za], Persian prince and 
 warrior, I. 6. 
 
 Abbas Pasha [pa-sha'], viceroy of Egypt, I. 7; 
 VI. 767, 1 b. 
 
 Abbassides [ab'-bas-sids], caliphs of the third 
 Mohammedan dynasty, I. 7. Its founder, ib. 
 Its last caliph, 1 c. 
 
 Abbatucci [a-ba-tii-se; Ital. ab-ba-toot'-che], 
 Jacques Pierre, French general, I. 7. Charles, 
 
 1 c. Jacques Pierre Charles, diplomatist, 
 
 2 a. 
 
 Abbaye aux homines [a-ba o zum], church, now 
 church of St. fitienne, III. 539, 2 c. 
 
 Abbaye aux femmes [o fain], church, now 
 church of Saint Trinity, III. 539, 2 c. 
 Abbayes des savants [a-ba da sa-va ng ], sinecures 
 for scholars, &c., I. 7, 2 c. 
 
 Abbe [a-ba], French for abbot, I. 7. Abbes 
 commendataires [a-ba kfih-ma ng -da-tair], 2 c. 
 Abbe de la Tour [dull la toor], pseudonyme, IV. 
 322, 2 be. 
 
 Abbeoku'ta, or Abeakutah, city, I. 7. Gov¬ 
 ernment, 8, 1 b. Religion, 1 c. Christian 
 missions, ib. Opposition to slavery, ib. 
 Ab'bess, I. 8. 
 
 Abbeville [a-bhh-veel or ab-veel], town, I. 
 
 8 . 
 
 Ab'beville, county, I. 8. 
 
 Abbey , as distinguished from a priory, &c., XI. 
 734, 1 c. 
 
 “ Abbey of Bataille: ” see Hastings, VIII. 
 507, 2 a. 
 
 Abbey of Korvei, X. 47, 2 b. Its literary trea¬ 
 sures, ib. 
 
 Abbo Cer'nuus, or Abbon the Crooked, I. 8. 
 Abbo Floriacen'sis, or Abbon of Fleury, I. 8. 
 Abbot, title, I. 8. 
 
 Abbot, Abiel, D. D., I. 8. 
 
 Abbot, Benjamin, LL. D., I. 9. 
 
 Abbot, Charles, Lord Colchester, I. 9. 
 
 Abbot, George, archbishop, I. 9. 
 
 Abbot, Gorham Dummer, LL. D., teacher and 
 author, I. 9. (Died 1874.) 
 
 Abbot, Samuel, merchant, patron of Andover 
 seminary, I. 9. 
 
 Abbot female academy , I. 481, 1 c. 
 
 Abbot Gerold, builder of the Devil’s bridge, VI. 
 57, 1 a. 
 
 Abbot Joachim , religious enthusiast, alluded to, 
 
 II. 478, 2 b. 
 
 Abbot of unreason , at an English Christmas, 
 IV. 551, 2 a. 
 
 Abbotsford, seat of Sir Walter Scott, I. 9 
 (ill.); XIV. 708, 2 a. 
 
 Abbots-Langley, parish, I. 10. 
 
 Abbott, family of American writers. Jacob, 
 
 I. 10. John Stephens Cabot, 2 a (died 1877). 
 Gorham D.: see Abbot. Benjamin Vaughan, 
 2 b. Austin, 2 c. Lyman, ib. Edward, 
 
 II, 1 b. 
 
 Abbott, Charles, Lord Tenterden, I. 11; II. 
 533, 2 c. 
 
 Abbreviations, I. 11. 
 
 Abd, initial word in Semitic proper names, I. 
 
 12 . 
 
 Abd-allah , meaning of, I. 12, 2 a. 
 
 Abdal'lah ben Abd-el-Mot'talib, father of 
 Mohammed, I. 12. 
 
 Abdallah ben Zobair', I. 12. 
 
 Abdallah ibn Yasim , founder of a Moslem dy¬ 
 nasty, I. 345, 2 b; its overthrow, 2 c. 
 Abd-el-Caaba, name of the first caliph, I. 41, 
 1 c (Abubekr). 
 
 Abd-el-Halim [-ha-leem'], Egyptian prince, I. 
 13. 
 
 Abd-el-Hamid [-ha-meed'], adopted name of a 
 French traveller, I. 13. 
 
 Abd-el-Kader [-ka'-der], Arab emir, soldier, 
 and writer, I. 13. 
 
 Abd-el-Wahab [-wa-hab'], founder of a Mos¬ 
 lem sect, I. 14. 
 
 Abde'ra, ancient city, I. 14. 
 
 Abd-er-Bah'man, meaning of, I. 12, 2 a. 
 Abderrahman I., caliph of Cordova, I. 14. 
 Abderrahman, sultan of Morocco, I. 14. Af¬ 
 ghan poet, 163, 1 a. 
 
 Ab’diah, Samuel ben, Jewish soldier and poet, 
 VIII. 595, 2 a. 
 
 Ab'dias, supposititious author, I. 14. 
 Abdication, of a throne, I. 15 ; memorable 
 examples of it, ib. 
 
 Abdo'men, I. 15. 
 
 Abdominal typhus, in German writers, VII. 
 167, 2 ab. 
 
 Abdul-Aziz [ab-dool-a-zeez'], Turkish sultan, 
 I. 16; XVI. 59, 1 ab. (Deposed May 30, 
 1876; died soon afterward.) 
 
 Abdul-Medjid [-med-jeed'], Turkish sultan, I. 
 16. 
 
 Abeceda'rians, fanatic sect of religionists, 1.17. 
 A’Beoket, Gilbert Abbott, humorist, I. 17. 
 Abeel', David, D. D., clergyman, I. 17. 
 
 Abegg, Julius Friedrich Heinrich [a'-beg], ju¬ 
 rist, I. 17. 
 
ABEL 
 
 ABRAVANEL 
 
 3 
 
 A'bkl, second son of Adam, I. 17. Abelites, 
 a sect, ib. 
 
 Abelard, or Ab'ailard, Pierre [Fr. 2,-ba-lar], 
 philosopher, I. 17. Abelard and St. Bernard, 
 II. 573, 2 c. On miracles, XI. 625, 1 b. His 
 school at Melun, 1.17, 2 c; XI. 375, 2 a. See 
 IIeloise. 
 
 Abel de Pujol, Alexandre Denis [a-bel duh 
 pii-zhul], painter, I. 17. Adrienne Marie 
 Louise Grandpierre Deverzy, 2 b. 
 
 Abele', tree, XIII. 712, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 A'belites, Abe'lians, Abelo'nians, or Abel'- 
 onites, sect, I. 19. 
 
 Abelmos'chus: see Okra. 
 
 Aben, Aven, Ebn, Ibn, Arabic patronymic pre¬ 
 fix, I. 19. 
 
 Abenaquis [ab-e-na -keez], or Abnakis, Indian 
 tribes, 1.19. Their language, 20, 1 a; XIII. 
 2 a (Penobscots). 
 
 Abencerra'ges, Moorish family, I. 20. 
 
 Abendberg [a'-bent-bairg], mountain, I. 20. 
 Asylum for cretins, ib. See Cretins. 
 
 Aben Ezra, or Abraham ben Meir ben Ezra, 
 Jewish scholar, I. 20. 
 
 Abensberg [a'-bence-bairg], town, I. 20. 
 
 Aber-Hondey: see Brecknock, borough, III. 
 242, 1 c. 
 
 Aberbrothwick [ab-er-broth'-ick]: see Ar¬ 
 broath. Aberbrothock, ib. 
 
 Ab'ercrombie, James, general, I. 20. 
 
 Abercrombie, John, physician, I. 20. 
 
 Abercromby, Sir Ralph, general, I. 20. 
 
 Aberdare', town, I. 21. 
 
 Aberdeen', New, I. 21 (ill.). Marisclial col¬ 
 lege, 1 c. University of Aberdeen, 2 c.—Old, 
 22, 1 a. King’s college, ib. 
 
 Aberdeen, Earls of, I. 22. 
 
 Aberdeen'shire, county, I. 22. 
 
 Aberdevine [a-ber'-de-vine], bird, I. 23. 
 
 Ab'ernethy, John, surgeon, I. 23. 
 
 Aberra'tion, I. 23. Aberration of light, ib. 
 (ill.) ; discovered, III. 181, 1 c. Aberration 
 in optical instruments, I. 24, 1 be (ill.). 
 
 Aberyst'with, seaport town, I. 24. 
 
 Abeyance [a-ba'-ance], law term, I. 24. 
 
 Ab'gar (or Abgarus), king of Armenia, I. 724, 
 1 a; reputed letter to Jesus, ib. and 2 b. 
 
 Abiad', Bahr el: see Kile. 
 
 Abi'athar, Hebrew high priest, I. 25. 
 
 A'bib, Hebrew month, I. 25. 
 
 Abicii, Wilhelm Hermann [a'-bi c h], naturalist, 
 I. 25. 
 
 Abies [ii'-be-eez], (botany), fir, VII. 207, 2 be. 
 A. balsamea, 208, 1 a (ill.), and other spe¬ 
 
 cies.—Spruce, XV. 290, 2 be. A. nigra, 2 c 
 (ill.); A. excelsa, 291, 2 c (ill.), and other 
 species. A. Canadensis (for hedges), VIII. 
 604, 2 c ; 630, 2 a. 
 
 Abim'elech, Philistine king, I. 25. Hebrew 
 king, ib. 
 
 Abinger, James, lord [ab'-in-jer], lawyer, I. 25. 
 Ab'ington, Frances, actress, I. 25. 
 
 Abiogenists , XIV. 235, 2 be; their assertions 
 opposed by experiments, ib. 
 
 Abipo'nes, Indian tribe, I. 26. 
 
 Abjura'tion, Oath of, I. 26. 
 
 Abkiia'sia, or Abchasia, I. 26. 
 
 Ablu'tion, religious, I. 26. 
 
 Ab'ner, Hebrew warrior, I. 26. 
 
 o 
 
 Abo (Swed. Abo , o'-bo), city, I. 27. Peace of, 
 ib. 
 
 Abo-Bjorneborg [o-bo-byor'-neh-borg], Fin¬ 
 land, I. 27. 
 
 Abolitionists (a political party), I. 105, 1 a. 
 
 See Slavery. 
 
 Abolla: see Avo la. 
 
 Aboma'sum , digestive cavity of ruminant ani¬ 
 mals, XIV. 767, 2 c. 
 
 Abomey [a-bo-ma'J, capital of Dahomey, I. 27. 
 Aborigines [ab-o-rij'-e-neez]: see American 
 Indians. 
 
 Abortion, in criminal law, 1. 26. In obstetrics, 
 XII. 569, 1 be. 
 
 Aboukir [a-boo-keer'], Egyptian port, I. 30. 
 
 Battle of, ib .; XII. 220, 1 c. 
 
 About, Edmond [a-boo], author, I. 30. 
 
 Aboyne castle [a-boin'], I. 23, 1 a. 
 Abracadab'ra, magical word, I. 30; X. 847, 
 1 a. 
 
 A'braham: see Hebrews, VIII. 582, 2 b. 
 Abraham , heights of: see Wolfe, XVI. 697, 1 
 c. Called plains of Abraham, XIV. 139,1 c; 
 140, 1 b; 143, 1 c; XVI. 153, 2 c. 
 
 Abraham a Sancta Clara, preacher, I. 31. 
 Abramis brama (ichthyology), III. 240, 2 a; ill., 
 
 1 c. 
 
 Abranchia (order of amphibia), I. 435, 2 c. 
 Abrantes [a-bra ng '-tes], Portuguese town, I. 
 31. 
 
 Abrantes [a-bra ng -tace], Andoche Junot, duke 
 of, soldier, I. 31. Laure Permon Junot, 
 duchess of, 2 b. Napoleon Andoche Junot, 
 duke of, 32, 1 c. Adolphe Alfred Michel 
 Junot, duke of, 1 c. Josephine Junot d’, 1 c. 
 Constance Junot d’, 2 a. 
 
 Abrav'anel, Abrafianel, or Abarbanel, Isaao 
 ben Judah, Jewish author, I. 32. Leone, 
 
 2 c. 
 
4 
 
 ABRAXAS 
 
 / 
 
 ACADIA 
 
 Abrax'as, mystical word, I. 32 ; II. 364, 1 a. 
 Abrolhos [a-bro'-lyoce], islets, III. 218, 1 c; 
 225, 2 ab; 226, 1 a. Abrolhos whale fish¬ 
 ery, 767, 2 be. 
 
 Abruzzo, or the Abruzzi [a-broot'-so, -se], Ap- 
 ennine provinces, I. 33. Abruzzo Citeriore, 
 
 1 ab. Abruzzo Ulteriore I., 1 b. Abruzzo 
 Ulteriore II., 1 c. 
 
 Ab'salom, son of King David, I. 33. 
 
 Absalon, or Axel, statesman, soldier, and ec¬ 
 clesiastic, I. 33. 
 
 Abscess, I. 33. Mistaken for aneurism, 491, 
 
 2 b. In inflammation, IX. 276, 2 b. Spinal, 
 psoas, and lumbar abscess, XV. 268, 2 ab. 
 
 Abscis'sa , in analytic geometry, I. 456, 1 a. 
 Ab'sinth, or Wormwood, I. 34. 
 
 Absinthe [Fr. ab-sa ng t], I. 34, 1 b. Effects on 
 the animal system, ib. 
 
 Absinthine [ab-sin'-thin], I. 34, 1 b. 
 
 Ab'solon, John, painter, I. 34. 
 
 Ab'solute, in philosophy, I. 34; XIII. 442, 1 
 be, ff. See Fichte, and Hegel. 
 Absolution, in the Roman Catholic church, 
 I. 35, XIV. 393, 2 b; in the Episcopal and 
 Lutheran churches, I. 35, 1 b. 
 
 Absorp'tion, I. 35. Absorption of gases by 
 solids and liquids, 37, 2 a. Absorption of 
 heat, 38, 1 a. Absorption of light, 1 c. Ab¬ 
 sorption spectrum, 2 ab (ill.). 
 
 Absorption , in digestion, VI. 104, 2 a. 
 Absorption bands , in the spectrum, I. 38, 2 b. 
 Abstinence, from food, I. 39. Effects and 
 result of prolonged abstinence, 2 c. 
 Abstinence , religious, distinguished from fast¬ 
 ing, VII. 93, 1 b. 
 
 Abstinence, Total: see Total Abstinence. 
 Abstrich [ap'-stri c h], in smelting, X. 260, 1 c. 
 Abt, Franz [apt], composer, I. 41. 
 
 Abttbekr [a-boo-bekr v ], first caliph, I. 41. 
 
 His tomb, XI. 353, 1 a. 
 
 Abu Hanifah : see Hanifah. 
 
 Abul Abbas as-Sqfeh [a'-bool ab-bas' as-safi- 
 fa], founder of the third Modern dynasty, I. 
 7, 1 b (Abbassides). 
 
 Abulajia , Abraham ben Samuel , Spanish rabbi, 
 author of the cabalistic bible, III. 521, 1 c. 
 Abul-Casim [a'-bool ka-seem']: see Albuca- 
 
 SIS. 
 
 Abul Fazl , vizier and writer, I. 226, 1 a. 
 Abulfara'gius, or Abulfaraj, Mar Gregorius, 
 Syriac and Arabic writer, I. 41. 
 
 Abulfaraj [a-bool-fa-raj']: see Abulfaragius. 
 Abulfeda, Ismail ibn Ali [a-bool-fed'-a], Mos¬ 
 lem prince and writer, I. 41. 
 
 Abul Hassan [a'-bool has-san']: see Judah, 
 Hallevi. 
 
 Abuna salamah [a-boo'-na sa-la-ma'], title of 
 the bishop of Abyssinia, I. 45, 2 c; V. 331, 
 1 a; VIII. 97, 1 a. 
 
 Abu Sambul [&'-boo sam-bool']: see Ipsambul. 
 
 Abu Seid of Seraj [sa-eed'J, hero of the Maka~ 
 mat, VIII. 462, 2 c. 
 
 Abu Siiehr [shair]: see Bushire. 
 
 Abusimbel : see Ipsambul. 
 
 Abu Temam [ta-mam'], Arabic poet, I. 41. 
 
 Aby'dos, city of Asia Minor, I. 41. City of 
 Upper Egypt, 42, 1 ab; bass-relief at (ill.), 
 ib. ; tablet of, ib. 
 
 Ab'yla, I. 42 ; IV. 218, 2 ab. See Calpe, and 
 VIII. 679, 2 c. 
 
 Abyssin'ia, I. 42. Population, 2 c. Physical 
 geography, ib. Agriculture, 44, 1 be. Ge¬ 
 ology, 1 c. Animals, 2 c. Vegetation, 45, 
 
 1 c. Political divisions, ib. Inhabitants, 
 
 2 a. History, 2 b. View near Magdala (ill.), 
 43. Hill fort (ill.), 44. Abyssinian warriors 
 (ill.), 46. Burning of Magdala (ill.), 47.—Lan¬ 
 guages, VI. 750, 2 c; 752, 2 b. 
 
 Abyssinian CnuRcn, I. 48. Catholic and Prot¬ 
 estant missionaries, 2 a. Doctrines and dis¬ 
 sensions, 2 b. Orders in church govern¬ 
 ment, 49, 1 a. Version of the Bible, 1 be. 
 
 Abzug [ap'-tsoog], in smelting, X. 260, 1 c. 
 
 Aca'cia, genus of plants, I. 49. A. Nilotica 
 and other species, 2 a. Leaf of (ill.), X. 265, 
 2 c. Gum from it, VIII. 320, 2 ab. Three¬ 
 horned, 795, 1 c ; as a hedge plant, 604, 2 b. 
 Australian acacias, X. 266, 1 be. 
 
 Acacia catechu , IV. 105, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Acacius , an Arian, V. 619, 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 Acade'mia, where Plato taught: see Gymnas¬ 
 tics, VIII. 351, 2 a. For the locality, see 
 Academy, I. 49, 2 b (Ceramicus), and the 
 gate and road leading to it on the plan of 
 Athens, II. 60. 
 
 Academ'ic school , I. 49, 2 c; VIII. 214, 2 a. 
 
 Academic frangaise [a-ka-da-me fra ng -saiz], I. 
 50, 2 c. Its French dictionary, ib. 
 
 Acad'emists (Platonists), I. 49, 2 be. 
 
 Acad'emy, I. 49. Learned academies : Italian, 
 50,1 c ; French, 2 c; Spanish, 52, 1 b; Por¬ 
 tuguese, 1 c; German, ib. ; Swiss, 2 a; 
 Belgic, ib. ; Dutch, 2 b; Scandinavian, ib .; 
 Russian, 53, 1 a; British and Irish, 1 b; 
 Turkish, 2 a; Australian, ib.\ Asiatic, ib. ; 
 American, 2 b ; South American, 54, 1 a. 
 
 Aca'dia, or Acadie [ak-a-de], peninsula of 
 Nova Scotia, I. 54; XII. 278, 2 b. 
 
ACALEPH^E 
 
 ACHERUSIA 
 
 5 
 
 Aoale'ph^e, I. 54. Ac'alephs: see IIydroids, 
 IX. 114, 2 ab. 
 
 A'canth family, fossil reptiles, VII. 614, 2 c. 
 
 A.can't'hia lectula'ria , insect, VI. 696, 2 c. 
 
 Acanthias (ichthyology), VI. 183, 1 be. A. 
 Americanus, 1 c; ill., 2 a. Acanthias ot 
 Europe, 2 ab. 
 
 Acanthoceph'ala, hooked worms, VI. 668, 1 a. 
 
 Acanthocot'tus , III. 426, 2 c. A. Virginianus, 
 427, 1 b (ill.). A. variabilis or Groenlandi- 
 cus, 1 c; ill., 2 a. 
 
 Acanthoptemfgious (in ichthyology), I. 54, 2 c. 
 
 AcanThus, plant, I. 54. Corinthian capital 
 suggested by it, 2 ab. A. mollis, 2 c. (ill.). 
 
 Acan'thylis, genus of swifts (ornithology), XV. 
 520, 1 b. 
 
 Acapulco [a-ka-pool'-ko], town, I. 54. 
 
 Acari'asis , cutaneous disease, VI. 695, 2 b. 
 
 Acari'na, mites, VI. 694, 2 ab ; XI. 679, 2 a. 
 
 Acarna'nia, province, I. 55. 
 
 Ac'arus, insect, I. 55. See Epizoa, VI. 694, 
 2 be. A. scabiei, IX. 469, 2 ab (ill.). A. 
 domesticus and A. destructor, XI. 679, 2 be. 
 
 Acas'tus, mythical, I. 55. 
 
 Ac'cad, ancient city, I. 55; IV. 230, 2 a. 
 
 Accademia Platonica, Pontciniana , I. 50, 1 b. 
 
 Accadians , XII. 117, 1 a. Accadian mythol¬ 
 ogy, ib. ; dialect, XVI. 43, 1 ab. 
 
 Acceleration, I. 55. Acceleration of the 
 moon, 2 b. Acceleration of the stars, 56,1 a. 
 
 Accep'tance, in commerce, I. 56. Acceptance 
 supra protest, XIV. 31, 2 c, 32, 1 a. See 
 Frauds, Statute of, VII. 447, 1 a. 
 
 Accepted , on a bill of exchange or a draft, I. 
 57, 1 a. 
 
 Accessory (to a felony), I. 58. 
 
 Accessory plume (of a feather), VII. 104, 1 be 
 (ill.). 
 
 Accip’iter (ornithology), VIII. 530. A. nisus, 
 XV. 231, 1 a. 
 
 Acclimating fever (Liberia), X. 397, 2 b. 
 
 Acclima'tion, or Acclimatization, I. 59. Ac¬ 
 climation, 1 b. Acclimatization, 2 b. 
 
 Accolade [ak-ko-lad'j, ceremony in conferring 
 knighthood, IV. 496, 2 ab. 
 
 Accol'ti, Benedetto, Italian lawyer, I. 60. 
 
 Ac'comack, county, I. 60. 
 
 Accor'dion, I. 60 ; XIV. 242, 1 c, 2 b. 
 
 Ac'cra, Africa, I. 60. 
 
 Ac'crington, town, I. 60. 
 
 Accuba'tion, table posture, I. 60 (ill.). 
 
 Accum [ak'-koom], Friedrich, chemist, I. 61. 
 
 Accumulator (of a dredging machine), VI. 257, 
 2 c. 
 
 Ace , in playing cards, III. 783, 2 c. 
 
 Acel'dama, I. 61; IX. 612, 2 b. 
 
 Acepli’ala , headless mollusks, XI. 721, 1 c. 
 Acephal'ocyst, animal parasite, I. 61; VI. 
 663, 2 c. 
 
 Aceph'alous foetus, XI. 765, 1 b. 
 
 Acephalous mollusJcs , eyes of, VII. 48, 1 c. 
 A'cer (botany), XI. 137, 2 b. A. saccharinum, 
 sugar maple, 138 2 ab (ill.); A. pseudo-pla- 
 tanus, sycamore maple, 140, 1 a (ill.); A. 
 campestre, common European maple, 2 a 
 (ill.); and other species. 
 
 Acerates [as-e-ra'-teez], (botany), XI. 546, 2 ab. 
 Acetate of aluminum, I. 369,1 a. A. of ethyl, 
 265, 2 a. 
 
 Acetates [as'-e-taits], I. 61. 
 
 Acet'io Acid, I. 61; 265, 2 a. 
 
 Acetone , I. 61, 2 a; 62, 1 a. 
 
 Acetones : see Ketones. 
 
 AcetTlene, a gas, I. 62; VII. 637, 2 c. 
 Achaean League [a-ke'-an], I. 62. See Greece, 
 VIII. 200, 1 b. 
 
 Acii^e'ans, a division of the Hellenic race, I. 
 63. 
 
 Ach.emenes [a-kem'-e-neez], first of the Achse- 
 menidse, I. 63 ; XIII. 321, 2 c. Persian sa¬ 
 trap, I. 63, 1 c. 
 
 Achcemen'idce , Persian dynasty, I. 63, 1 c; 
 XIII. 144, 2 a. 
 
 Achceme'nius (=Persicus), I. 63, 1 c. 
 
 Aciiaia [a-ka'-ya], a division of the Pelopon¬ 
 nesus, I. 63. 
 
 Achalzik : see Akhaltzikii. 
 
 Achamoth [ak'-a-moth], in the Gnostic cos¬ 
 mogony, VIII. 53, 1 a. 
 
 Achard, Franz Karl [a-shar], philosopher and 
 chemist, I. 63. 
 
 Achard, Louis Am6d6e Eugene, novelist, I. 63. 
 Achates [a-ka'-teez], companion of .Eneas, I. 
 
 63. Fidus Achates, proverbial, ib. A river, 
 2 b. 
 
 Acheen [d-cheen'], independent sovereignty in 
 Sumatra, I. 63. 
 
 Acheirotopeton [a-ki-ro-top'-e-ton], a painting, 
 X. 183, 1 ab. 
 
 Achelous [ak-e-lo'-us], classic river, I. 64. 
 Achelous , river god, allusion to, I. 263, 2 b. 
 Achenbach [a'- k hen-ba k h], Andreas, painter, I. 
 
 64. Oswald, painter, 1 b. 
 
 Acheron [ak'-e-ron], pame of several rivers, I. 
 64. The river of the lower world, 1 be; put 
 for that region itself, ib. 
 
 Acheru'sia, name of lakes supposed to be con¬ 
 nected with the lower world, I. 64. Chasm 
 
6 
 
 achery 
 
 ACROLEINE 
 
 in Bithynia, poetical entrance to the lower 
 regions, ib. 
 
 Achery, Dom Jean Luc d’ [da-sha-re], learned 
 Benedictine monk, I. 64. 
 
 Acheta [a-ke'-ta], (entomology), Y. 480, 2 c. 
 A. domestica, ib. ; A. campestris, 481, 1 ab; 
 A. abbreviata, 2 a; A. nigra, 2 ab; A. vit- 
 tata, 2 c. (Ills.) 
 
 Achild Bechil , alchemist, I. 261, 1 b. 
 
 Achillea [ak-il-le'-a], (botany), XYI. 772, 1 b 
 (ill.). A. rosea, 2a; A. ptarmica, ib. ; A. 
 tomentosa, ib. ; A. millefolium, ib. 
 
 AchiVleos Dro'mos , in the Taurida, XY. 585, 2 b. 
 
 Achilles, or Achilleus [a-kil'-leez, -luce], hero 
 of the Iliad, I. 64. See Polyxena. 
 
 Achilles Tatius, astronomer, I. 65. A writer 
 of romance, ib. 
 
 Achilles , iron-clad ship, IX. 383, 1 a; 386, 1 c 
 (ill.). 
 
 Achmet [a k h'-met]: see Ahmed. 
 
 Achmetha [ak'-me-tha or ak-me'-tha], a Median 
 royal residence (Ezra vi. 2), YI. 385, 1 b. 
 
 Achmim : see Ekhmim. 
 
 Achorion Schcenleinii [a-ko'-re-on sken-ll'-ne-i]: 
 see Epiphytes, YI. 689, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Achroite [ak'-ro-ite], mineral, XY. 823, 1 be. 
 
 Achromatic Lens [ak-ro-mat'-ik], I. 65 (ills.). 
 
 Achter Eol [a k h'-ter], name given to Hew Jer¬ 
 sey by its Dutch captors, XII. 311, 1 b. 
 
 Achtyrka: see Akhtyrka. 
 
 Acid [as'-id], I. 66. 
 
 Acids , XII. 476, 1 a; XIV. 583, 2a. Action 
 upon vegetable colors, 1 c, 2 a, and IX. 250, 
 1 c. 
 
 Acid process, in tanning, X. 274, 1 b. 
 
 Acidim'etry, I. 322, 1 c (Alkalimetry). 
 
 Acidom'eter, IX. 125, 1 b. 
 
 Acil'ius Gla'brio, Manius, Roman general and 
 consul, I. 66. 
 
 Acin'aces , ancient weapons, I. 734, 2 b. 
 
 Acini , in the tissue of the liver, X. 537, 1 b 
 (ill.). 
 
 Acipen'ser (ichthyology), XY. 431, 2 b. A. 
 sturio, ib. (ill.); A. oxyrbynclius, 432, 1 b; 
 and other species. 
 
 Aci Reale [a'-che ra-a'-la], seaport, I. 66. 
 
 A'cis, mythical, I. 66. A river, ib. 
 
 Ack'ermann, Konrad Ernst, comedian, I. 66. 
 Sophie Charlotte, 2 c. Dorothea, ib. Char¬ 
 lotte, ib. 
 
 Ac'land, John Dyke, British major, I. 66. 
 Lady Harriet, 67, 1 a. Henry Wentworth, 
 M. D., 67, 1 b. 
 
 Aclin'ic Line, magnetic equator, I. 67 (ill.). 
 
 Acce/metjs, a fanatic order of monks, I. 67; 
 discountenanced by church fathers and coun¬ 
 cils, XI. 729, 1 b (Monachism). 
 
 Acolhuacan [a-kole-wa-kan'], kingdom of, XI. 
 472, 2 a. 
 
 Acolhuis [a-kole-wees'J, a people of Mexico, 
 XI. 472, 1 c. 
 
 Ac'olyte, in the Roman Catholic church, I. 67. 
 
 Acoma [a-ko'-ma], village, I. 67. 
 
 Aconcagua [a-kone-ka'-gwa], province, I. 67. 
 A peak of the Andes, 2 c; 476, 1 be. 
 
 Aconel'la , alkaloid, I. 68, 2 a. 
 
 Ac'onite, poisonous plant, I. 68. Mistaken 
 for horseradish, 2 b; VIII. 830, 2 c. Medi¬ 
 cal use of, I. 68, 2 b. Remedies for its 
 poison, 2 c. 
 
 Aconite, Winter, plant, I. 68. 
 
 Aconite poisoning, remedies for, I. 68, 2 c. 
 
 Aconitia [ak-o-nish'-a]: see Aconite. 
 
 Aconitum (botany), I. 68] 1 ab. A. napellus 
 (monkshood), ib. (ill.). A. lycoctonum, ib. 
 A. ferox, ib. 
 
 Adorns cal'amus , reed used as a pen, III. 565, 
 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Acosta [a-koce'-ta], Jose de, Spanish writer, 
 I. 69. Uriel, Jewish writer, 1 a. Joaquin, 
 historian, 1 c. 
 
 Acoustic nerve, Helmholtz’s theory of its ex¬ 
 citation, VIII. 624, 1 ab. 
 
 Acoustics [a-koos'-tiks], I. 69; laws of, with 
 illustrations. Application of to architec¬ 
 ture, I. 72, 1 c. 
 
 Acoutado, island, discovery of, and occasion of 
 the name, VII. 604, 2 c. 
 
 Acquaviva, Claudio de [ak-kwa-ve'-va], a gen¬ 
 eral of the Jesuits, I. 72. 
 
 Acquaviva delle Fonti, town, I. 72. 
 
 Acqui [ak'-kwe], town, I. 72. 
 
 A'cre, measure of land, I. 72. 
 
 Acre, or St. Jean d’Acre [sa ng zha ng dakr’], 
 seaport, I. 72; view of, 73. 
 
 Acrelius, Israel [a-kra'-le-oos], clergyman, I. 
 73. 
 
 Acris (zoology), XY. 854, 2 c. A. gryllus, Sa¬ 
 vannah cricket, 855, 1 a. 
 
 Acrocerau'nia, mountain peak in Epirus, I. 
 73. 
 
 Acroceraunian mountains, IY. 208, 2 c. 
 
 Acrocorin'thus, mountain fortress, Y. 352, 2 
 b; 353, 1 ab. 
 
 Ac'rogens (botany), a division of cryptogamous 
 plants, X. 408, 1 c. 
 
 Acroleine [a-kro'-le-in]: see Glycerine, YIII. 
 47, 2 c. 
 
ACROLITH 
 
 ADAMS 
 
 7 
 
 Ac'rolith , in statuary, XIII. 388, 1 a. 
 
 Acrop'olis, I. 72. Of Athens, II. 54, 1 c, 2 a; 
 view of, 01; ground plan of, ib. ; its edifices, 
 62, 1 a, 64, 1 b. 
 
 Ac'rospire (of malt), III. 258, 1 a, b, c; 2 c. 
 
 Acryd’ium (entomology), X. 570, 2 b; 571, 1 a. 
 
 Act : see Bill. 
 
 Act of the party (in distinction from “ act of 
 the law ”), I. 313, 2 a. 
 
 Act of supremacy (English), powers conferred 
 by it, VI. 623, 1 a. 
 
 Act of uniformity , to enforce observance of 
 the Anglican church service, VI. 139, 1 c. 
 New act of uniformity, ib. 
 
 Ac'ta Diur'na, in ancient Rome, I. 73; 137, 
 2 c. 
 
 Acta Disputationis S. Archelai , XI. 106, 2 c. 
 
 Acta Erudito'rum, I. 74; XIII. 296, 2 b. 
 
 Acta Marty rum, I. 74, 1 b (Acta Sanctorum). 
 
 Acta Sancto'rum, Acta Martyrum, Martyrol- 
 ogy, I. 74. See Borland, III. 1 b. 
 
 Actce'a spica'ta , cohosh, or black snakeroot, V. 
 22, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Action, mythical, I. 74; IY. 614, 1 c. 
 
 Actceon (mollusk), XI. 722, 2 c. 
 
 Ac'tia , festival, XII. 436, 2 b. 
 
 Ac'tian Games, Roman, I. 74. 
 
 Actina'ria (polyps), XIII. 689, 2 ab. 
 
 Actin'ia, marine animals, I. 74. A. Jordaica, 
 75, 2 a. Eringed actinia, ib. (ills., 74). 
 
 Actinic rays , X. 440, 2 a. See Actinism. 
 
 Ac'tinism, property of the solar rays, I. 75 ; 
 ill., 76. 
 
 Actinocri'nus (fossil animal), YI. 593, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Ac’tinoids (polyps), XIII. 689, 2 b. 
 
 Actin'olite , mineral, YIII. 821, 1 b. 
 
 Actinom'eter, for measuring the heat of the 
 solar rays, I. 76. 
 
 Actin' ophrys, animalcule, I. 515, 2 b. 
 
 Ac'tion, in law, I. 76. Cause of, 2 c; civil, 77, 
 1 a; criminal, ib. ; against a sovereign, 1 c. 
 
 Action (of piano), XIII. 490, 2 c; English, 
 Pleyel, or direct, 489, 1 ab. 
 
 Actit'urus Bartra'mius , sandpiper, bird, XIII. 
 619, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Actium [ak'-te-um], I. 77; naval battle at, ib. 
 
 Actius , surname of Apollo, I. 74, 2 a. 
 
 Ac'ton, Sir John Francis Edward, Neapolitan 
 prime minister, I. 77; erroneously called Jo¬ 
 seph, ib. (see IY. 14, 1 b). Charles J. Ed¬ 
 ward, 78, 1 a. Joseph Edward, ib. George, 
 rear admiral, ib. Ferdinand R. E., ib. Sir 
 John Emeric Edward Dalberg-Acton, 1 b. 
 
 Ac'ton Bur'nell, English statute, I. 78. 
 
 Actor , plaintiff under Roman law, IX. 722,1 b. 
 
 Acts of 1689 and 1701, limiting the succession 
 of the English crown, II. 640, 2 ab; terms 
 of, VII. 703, 1 c. 
 
 Acts of the Apostles, one of the books of 
 the New Testament, I. 78. 
 
 Acts of Pilate (apocryphal), YIII. 122, 2 c. 
 
 Actual energy: see Correlation of Forces, 
 Y. 379, 2 be. 
 
 Actuaries' table , X. 429, 2. 
 
 Acuco [a-koo'-ko], old Indian town, I. 67, 2 a 
 (Acoma). 
 
 Acumin’cum , Roman fortress, XIII. 361, 1 a. 
 
 AcuSa, Cristobal de [da a-koon'-ya], mission¬ 
 ary, I. 79. 
 
 Ac’upressure (in amputation), I. 442, 1 c. 
 
 Ac'upuncture, I. 79. Infanticide by, 1 c. 
 
 Agvin, the [as'-vin], Indian divinities, IX. 223, 
 2 c. Agvins of the Hindoo Yedas, VII. 
 63, 1 b. 
 
 A'da, county, I. 79. 
 
 Adair', name of three counties, I. 79. 
 
 Adair, Sir Robert, diplomatist, I. 79. 
 
 Adal', or Adel, Africa, I. 79. 
 
 Ad'albert, or Aldebert, bishop and mission¬ 
 ary, I. 80. Saint, 1 b. Archbishop, 1 c. 
 
 Adalbert, Heinrich Wilhelm, prince, I. 80! 
 
 Adalia, or Sattalieh [a-da'-le-a, sat-ta'-le-Sh], 1 
 seaport, I. 80. 
 
 Adam, the first man, I. 80. 
 
 Adam, Adolphe Charles [a-da ng ], composer, I. 
 80. 
 
 Adam, Albrecht, painter, I. 80. 
 
 Adam, Alexander, teacher and grammarian, I. 
 81. 
 
 Adam of Bremen, missionary, I. 81. 
 
 Adam de la Halle [a-da ng duh la al], trou- 
 vere, I. 81. 
 
 Adama [a-da-ma'j, a Foolah chieftain, I. 81, 2 a. 
 
 Adamantine candles [ad-a-man'-tin], substance 
 of, II. 313, 2 b. 
 
 Adamawa [a-da-ma'-wa], a country of Africa, 
 I. 81. 
 
 Adam Fitz Adam , pseudonyme: see Moore, 
 Edward. 
 
 Ad'amites, fanatical sect, I. 81; XY. 140, 1 
 ab. 
 
 Adams, name of eight counties, I. 81. 
 
 Adams, township, I. 82. 
 
 Adams , Alvin: see Express, YII. 40, 2 b. 
 
 Adams, Charles Baker, chemist and zoologist, 
 I. 82. 
 
 Adams, Charles Francis, statesman, I. 82. Dis¬ 
 sents from views of the whig party, 83, 1 
 
8 
 
 ADAMS 
 
 ADHED 
 
 be; candidate of the free-soil party for 
 vice president, ib. ; minister to England, 2 
 a; member of the Genevan board of arbi¬ 
 trators, 2 c. Charles Francis, jr., 84, 1 b. 
 
 Adams, Edwin, actor, I. 84. (Died 1878.) 
 
 Adams, Hannah, American writer, I. 84. 
 
 Adams , Henry Brooks, 84, 1 c. 
 
 Adams, Dr. Isaac, introduction of electropla¬ 
 ting in nickel, VII. 601,1 b; plating bath, ib. 
 
 Adams, Jolm, second president of the United 
 States, I. 84. His participation in the colo¬ 
 nial struggles, 85-87; in the struggle for 
 independence, 88, 89. Appointed minister to 
 England, 2 c. Chosen vice president, 90, 
 1 c; reelected, 2 c. Elected president, 91, 
 1 c; his administration, 91-93. Incidents 
 of his retirement from office, 94, ff. Reli- 
 gious views, 96, 1 b; advocates religious 
 freedom and equality, 1 c. Publication of 
 the Cunningham correspondence, 2 c. Char¬ 
 acterization, 96, 2 a, 97, 1 a. 
 
 Adams, John (Alexander Smith), mutineer, I. 
 97. 
 
 Adams, John, LL. D., teacher and philanthro¬ 
 pist, I. 98. 
 
 Adams, John Couch, astronomer, I. 98; X. 
 378, 2 c. 
 
 Adams, John Quincy, sixth president of the 
 United States, I. 98. Appointed by Wash¬ 
 ington minister to the Hague, 99, 1 c. Sep¬ 
 arates from the federal party, 2 be. Charges 
 the federal leaders with treasonable de¬ 
 signs, 100, 1 c. Minister to Russia, 2 c. 
 Appointed with others to negotiate a peace 
 with England, 101, 1 b. Secretary of state, 
 
 1 c. Defence of Gen. Jackson, 2 ab. Mis¬ 
 souri compromise, cabinet history of it, 
 
 2 c. Canvass for Monroe’s successor in the 
 presidency, 102, 1 c. Elected president, 2 
 be; coalition against him, 103, 1 a; charge 
 of bargain and corruption, 1 c; IV. 654, 1 c. 
 Jefferson’s opinion of Jackson as a president, 
 I. 102, 2 c. His congressional career, 104, 
 2 a. His defeat of the proposed vote of cen¬ 
 sure, 105, 1 c. Comparison of father and 
 son, 106,1 a. 
 
 Adams, John Quincy, son of Charles Francis, 
 I. 83, 2 c. 
 
 Adams, Nehemiah, D. D., clergyman, I. 106. 
 
 Adams, Samuel, revolutionary patriot, I. 106. 
 
 Adams, William, D. D., clergyman, I. 110. 
 
 Adams, William T. (Oliver Optic), I. 110. 
 
 Adams and Clay, charge of bargain and cor¬ 
 ruption, I. 103, 1 c; IV. 654, 1 c. 
 
 Adam's Bridge, between Ceylon and the main¬ 
 land, XIV. 195, 2 be. 
 
 Adam’s Peak, or Hamazel, mountain, I. 110; 
 IV. 219 (ill.). 
 
 Adana [a-da'-na], town, I. 110. 
 
 Adanson, Michel [a-da Dg -s6 Ilg ], naturalist, I. 111. 
 
 Adanso'nia , gouty stem tree, in Australia, XV. 
 190, 2 b. 
 
 Adansonia digitata, tree in Africa, II. 289, 2 c 
 (ill.). 
 
 A'dar, Hebrew month, I. 111. 
 
 Adar, in Babylonian mythology, XII. 118,1 a. 
 
 Adari : see Harar. 
 
 Adarkon, or darkemon, a coin mentioned in 
 Chronicles, Ezra, and Nehemiali (in the He¬ 
 brew), V. 686, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Ad'da, river, I. 111. 
 
 Addax, cervine antelope, I. 545, 2 b. A. naso- 
 maculatus (ill.), ib. 
 
 Adder : see Viper. 
 
 Adder, European viper, XVI. 367, 2 c. Puff 
 adder, 368, 2 ab. 
 
 Adder, counting machine, I. 5, 1 b. 
 
 Adder's tongue, fern, VII. 151, 1 ab (ill.). 
 
 Ad'dington, county, I. 111. 
 
 Addington, Anthony , physician and medical 
 ■writer, I. Ill, 2 a. 
 
 Addington, Henry, Lord Sidmouth, statesman, 
 I. 111. Henry Unwin, diplomatist, 2 c. 
 
 Ad'dison, county, I. 111. 
 
 Addison, Joseph, English author, I. 112. 
 
 Adel' : see Adal. 
 
 x\delaar, Adelaer, or Adeler [a'-deh-lar, -ler], 
 naval officer, I. 113. 
 
 Ad'elaide, city, I. 113. 
 
 Adelaide, Eugenie Louise, princess of Orleans, 
 (Fr. Adelaide, a-da-lide), I. 113. 
 
 Adelaide, Saint, queen and empress, I. 113. 
 See Otho I., XII. 729, 2 a. 
 
 Adelantado [Sp. a-^a-lan-ta'-iAoJ, provincial 
 governor, XVI. 759, 2 b. 
 
 Adelar'di family, referred to, VI. 739, 2 ab. 
 
 Adelsberg [a'-delce-bairg], Austrian town, I. 
 114. Celebrated caverns in its vicinity, ib. 
 
 Adelijng, Johann Christoph [a'-deh-loong], 
 lexicographer, I. 114. Friedrich von, phi¬ 
 lologist, 2 b. 
 
 Ademption (of a legacy), X. 316, 2 a. 
 
 Aden [a'-den], seaport town, I. 114. 
 
 Aderno [a-dair'-no], town of Sicily, I. 115. 
 
 Adet, Pierre Auguste [a-da], chemist and poli¬ 
 tician, I. 115. 
 
 Adhed, fourteenth and last caliph of the Fati- 
 mite dynasty, VII. 94, 2 ab. 
 
ADHERBAL 
 
 ADULTERATION 
 
 9 
 
 Aaher'bal, king of Numidia, IX. 708, 2 a. 
 
 Adiie'sion, I. 115. Distinguished from cohe¬ 
 sion, ib., and V. 20, 2 ab. Of solids to sol¬ 
 ids, I. 115, 1 c. Prechtl’s adhesion balance 
 (ill.), 2 a. Adhesion of liquids to solids, 11G, 
 la; of liquids to liquids, 1 c; of gases to 
 solids, 2 a; of gases to liquids, 2 c; of gases 
 to gases, 117, 2 a. Water bellows, 116, 2 c; 
 
 II. 746, 2 be. 
 
 Adian’tum (fern), VII. 150, 2 a. A. pedatum, 
 maiden-hair (ill.), ib. 
 
 Adiaphoris’tic controversy in the Lutheran 
 church, X. 733, 1 b. See Melanciithon, XI. 
 366, 2 a. 
 
 Adige [a-de'-ja], river, I. 117. 
 
 Adipocere', I. 117. Petrifaction so called, 
 118, 1 a. 
 
 Ad'ipose Substances, I. 118. 
 
 Adipose Tissue, I. 119. 
 
 Adirondack Mountains, I. 120 (map); 589, 
 2 b; XII. 354, 2 e, ff. View from Placid 
 lake (ill.), I. 121. Village of, 122, 1 a. 
 
 Ad'it, passage into mines, 1.122 ; XI. 571,1 c. 
 
 Aditi [a-de'-te], a Hindoo divinity, IX. 223, 2 b. 
 
 Adityas [d-deet'-yas], Hindoo divinities, VII. 
 63, 1 b; IX. 223, 2 b. 
 
 Ad'jutant, military officer, I. 122. 
 
 Adjutant Bird : s-ee Marabou. 
 
 Adjzds', divisions of the Koran, X. 45, 1 a. 
 
 Adler: see Aquila, Kaspar. 
 
 Adlerberg [ad'-ler-bairg], Vladimir Fedoro- 
 vitch, count, I. 123. Adlerberg II., Alexan¬ 
 der, count, 1 c. Adlerberg III., Nicholas, 2 a. 
 
 Adleroreutz, Karl Johan [ad'-ler-kroits],count, 
 I. 123. 
 
 Adlersparre, Georg, count [ad'-ler-spar-rbh], 
 I. 123. Karl August, count, 2 c. 
 
 Adme'tus, mythical, I. 123. 
 
 Administration, in distinction from cabinet, 
 
 III. 525, 1 c. 
 
 Administrator : see Executor. 
 
 Ad'miral, naval officer, I. 124. Vice admiral, 
 1 b. Lord high admiral, 1 c. General ad¬ 
 miral (Russian navy), 2 a. 
 
 Admirals (British), red, white, and blue, I. 
 124, 1 c. 
 
 Ad'miealty, I. 124. In England, 2 a. In 
 France, 125, 2 c. In Ireland, 126, 1 a. In 
 the United States, 1 ab; 127, 2 c. 
 
 Admiralty anchor, I. 466, 1 a. 
 
 Admiralty Islands, I. 128. 
 
 Admonition, ecclesiastical, I. 128. 
 
 Admon'itor (Jesuit), IX. 627, 2 ab. 
 
 Ad'nate (anther), in botany, I. 547, 2 a. 
 
 Ado'be Houses, I. 128* 
 
 Adoles'cence, first period of adult life, I. 181, 
 
 1 a. 
 
 Adolph of Nassau (Count Adolphus), archbish¬ 
 op, sacking of Mentz and dispersion of 
 Faust’s printers by, VII. 97,1 c. See Print¬ 
 ing, XIII. 846, 2 b. 
 
 Adol'phus, John, advocate and author, I. 128. 
 
 John Leycester, barrister, 129, 1 a. 
 Adolphus Frederick, king of Sweden, I. 129. 
 Adolphus of Nassau, German sovereign, 
 
 I. 129. 
 
 Adona'i, in the reading of the Hebrew Scrip¬ 
 tures, I. 129; IX. 600, 1 a. 
 
 Ado'nia, feasts, I. 129. Typical significance 
 of, ib. 
 
 Ado'nis, mythical, I. 129. See XII. 118, 1 c. 
 Adonis, ancient name of a river, XIII. 452, 1 c. 
 
 Legend connected with it, ib. 
 
 Adoptia'ni, Christian sect, I. 130. 
 
 Adopting act, referred to, XIII. 812, 2 b. 
 Adoption (of another’s child), I. 130. 
 Adoration, in the observance of Good Friday, 
 VIII. 101, 1 c. 
 
 Adoration perpetuelle [a-do-ra-se-o ng pair-pa- 
 tii-el], a religious order, V. 215, 2 b. 
 
 Adour [a-door], river of France, I. 130. 
 Ad'owa, Abyssinian town, I. 130. 
 
 Adrami'tce, Arabian tribe, VIII. 370, 1 a. 
 Adraste'a, goddess, I. 131. 
 
 Adras'tus, legendary king, I. 131. 
 
 Adria [a'-dre-a], Italian town, 1. 131; 338, 2 a. 
 A'drian, city, I. 131. Adrian college, 1 c. 
 Adrian : see Hadrian. 
 
 Adrian, name of several popes, 1.131. Nicho¬ 
 las Breakspear, Adrian IV., 2 ab. Boeijens, 
 Adrian VI., 2 c. 
 
 Adriano'ple, city, I. 132. 
 
 Adriansz, Jacob [a'-dre-dnee]: see Metius (In¬ 
 dex). 
 
 Adriatic Sea, 1.132 ; XI. 354, 1 c. Espousal 
 of by the doge of Venice, instituted, I. 279, 
 
 2 a. See III. 376, 2 b; XVI. 298,1 c, 299, 2 b. 
 Ad'ris: see Ravee, XIV. 218, 1 be. 
 Adrogation, I. 130, 1 c (Adoption). 
 Adrume'tum: see IIadrumetum. 
 
 Adula'ria, phosphorescence of, XIII. 462, 1 c. 
 Adul'lam, in ancient Palestine, I. 132. Cave 
 
 of, ib. 
 
 Adultera'tion, I. 132. See Myrrh, XII. 112, 
 1 a ; Pickles, XIII. 499, 1 c, 2 a. Adultera¬ 
 tion of honey, VIII. 794, 1 b; of malt liquors, 
 III. 262, 2 t*; of sherry wine, XV. 224, 1 b, 
 ff. (Spain, Wines of). 
 
10 
 
 ADULTERY 
 
 AERIDES 
 
 Adul'tery, I. 134. In* civil cases, 1 a. The 
 criminal offence, 136, 2 c. 
 
 Adultery act (of 1650), I. 136, 1 c. 
 
 Advancement of Science, Associations for 
 the, I. 137. 
 
 Ad'vent, in the church calendar, I. 137. 
 
 Adventists: see Second Adventists. 
 
 u Adventurer ,” periodical, VIII. 531, 1 he. 
 
 Advertisement [ad-ver'-tiz-ment], public noti¬ 
 fication, I. 137. 
 
 “ Advertiser, Daily” of Boston, VIII. 390, 2 a. 
 
 Advertising (newspaper), rates of, I. 139, 1 c; 
 sums paid for it annually, 2 a, b, c. 
 
 Advertising agencies , 1.138, 2 c; first in Ameri¬ 
 ca, 139, 1 b. 
 
 Ad'vocate : see Lawyer. 
 
 Advocate General: see Pensionary, Grand. 
 
 Advocates , French , qualifications and privileges 
 of, VIII. 307, 1 b. 
 
 Advocatus Dei, 1.140,1 a (Advocatus Diaboli). 
 
 Advoca'tus Diab'oli, in the Roman Catholic 
 church, I. 139; III. 716, 2 b. 
 
 Advow'son, in English law, I. 140. 
 
 AE, abbreviation, XII. 535, 2 b. 
 
 AEacides [e-as'-e-deez], I. 64, 2 a (Achilles). 
 
 AE'acus, mythical, I. 140; XIV. 284, 2 b. 
 
 AEcas'tor, a Roman lady’s oath, IV. 88, 1 b. 
 
 AEcid'ium (fungus), referred to, VII. 532, 2 c. 
 
 AE'depol , a form of oath among Romans, IV. 
 88, 1 b. 
 
 AEde'sius , nephew of Meropius of Tyre, I. 48, 
 
 1 b. 
 
 AEdic'ula , apartment for the Roman household 
 lares, X. 171, 1 b. 
 
 AEdiles [e'-diles], Roman, I. 140. 
 
 AE'dui, or Hedui, I. 140; III. 157, 2 b. 
 
 AEga'brum: see Cabra. 
 
 AEgjeon [e-je'-on]: see Briareus. 
 
 AEg^eus, legendary king, I. 140. 
 
 AEge'an Sea: see Archipelago, and Mediter¬ 
 ranean Sea. 
 
 AEge'ria , moth, VIII. 532, 2 a; 533, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 AEgiale’a , I. 63, 1 c (Achaia). 
 
 AEgiali'tis (ornithology), IX. 831, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 AE'gilops ova'ta (botany), XVI. 586, 1 b. 
 
 AEgi'na, or Egina, island, I. 140. 
 
 AEgine'tan sculptures , I. 141, 1 a (^Egina). 
 
 AEgi'othus (ornithology), X. 512, 1 b. AE. li- 
 narius, 2 a (ill.). AE. canescens, 2 c. 
 
 AEgir [a'-gher], Scandinavian deity, referred 
 to, VI. 400, 1 a. 
 
 AE'gis, a shield, I. 141. 
 
 AEgis'sus: see Tttltcha. 
 
 AEgis'thus, ancient king, I. 141; 172, 1 b. 
 
 AEgoph’ony , XIII. 611, 1 c (Pleurisy). 
 AEgospot’ami , battle of, II. 56,1 be; VIII. 195, 
 1 ab. 
 
 AEgu'sa: see Fayignana. 
 
 AEgyp'tus , in Greek mythology, V. 662, 1 c. 
 AElanit'ic gulf, I. 225, 2 b. 
 
 AE'lia Capitoli'na, 1.141; VIII. 594, 2 b; IX. 
 621, 2 a. 
 
 AElia'nus , general, II. 215, 1 a. 
 
 AElianus, Claudius, author, I. 141. 
 
 Aello [a-el'-lo], mythical, VIII. 474, 1 c. 
 
 AElst, or Aalst [alst], town : see Alost. 
 
 AElst, or Aalst, Evert van, painter, I. 141. 
 
 Willem van, 1 c. 
 
 AEmil'ian way, XIII. 487, 2 ab. 
 
 AEmilius Lepidus, referred to, XIV. 261, 1 ab. 
 ASmilius Paulus, I. 141. I.: see Paulus, L. 
 
 AEmilius. II. (Paolo Emilio), historian, 2 a. 
 AEnaria: see Ischia. 
 
 AEne'as, Trojan prince, I. 141. 
 
 AEneas Syl'vius: see Pius II. (pope), XIII. 
 558, 1 a. 
 
 AEne'id: see Virgil. 
 tEnia'nes, Grecian tribe, I. 141. 
 
 AE'nus, river, IX. 285, 2 c. 
 
 AEo'lice In'sulce, X. 517, 1 ab. 
 
 AEolian attachment, to piano, XIII. 491, 2 c. 
 JEolian Harp, I. 141; ill., 142. Its harmonic 
 tones, I. 71, 2 a. 
 
 HEolian Isles : see Lipari Islands. 
 
 AEolian league, I. 142, 1 c; II. 17, 1 a. 
 AEolians, division of the Hellenic race, I. 142. 
 AEol'ic dialect, VIII. 207, 2 c. 
 
 AE'olids, ancient race of heroes, I. 142, 2 a. 
 ^EolTpyle, or AEolipile, I. 142. 
 
 AE'olis, district of Asia Minor, I. 142. 
 iE'oLUS, mythical Hellenic king, I. 142. A 
 subordinate god, ruler of the winds, 2 a. 
 AE'on, in Gnosticism, 1.142 ; II. 364, 1 a ; VIII. 
 52, 2 c. 
 
 AEpi'nus, Johann [Ger. a-pe'-noos], I. 142. 
 
 Franz Ulrich Theodor, physicist, 2 c. 
 AEpyor'nis (ornithology), I. 607, 2 a. 
 
 AE'qui, AEquic'oli, or AEquicula'ni, I. 143; 
 IX. 439, 2 a. 
 
 ^Equum Faliscum, or Falisca : see Falerii. 
 AEra'rium, Roman state treasury, VII. 215, 2 bo 
 (Fisc). 
 
 Aerial acid [a-e'-re-al], II. 558, 1 c. 
 
 Aerial gulf stream, I. 148, 1 a; effect on the 
 winter temperature of England, ib. 
 
 Aerial ships, I. 150, 2 c. 
 
 Aerians [a-e'-re-ans], semi-Arian sect, I. 143. 
 A'erides [a-Sr'-e-deez], air plants, I. 218, 2 b. 
 
AfiRIFORM bodies 
 
 AFRICAN 
 
 11 
 
 Aeriform todies [a'-er-e-form], chemical con¬ 
 ditions of, X. 708, 1 b. 
 
 Aerius [a-e'-re-us], founder of the sect of Adri¬ 
 ans, I. 143, 1 b. 
 
 A'ero-dynam'ic problems, XIII. 629, 1 c. 
 AerOe, or Arroe [a'-ruh, ar'-rfth], island, 1.143. 
 Aerokli'noscope, weather-signal instrument, 
 
 I. 143. 
 
 Aerolite [a'-er-o-lite], I. 143. Stony aero¬ 
 lites, 145,1 a; metallic, ib. Widmannstaett’s 
 figures, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 A'eromancy , X. 846, 2 c (Magic). 
 
 Aerom'eter, I. 145. 
 
 Aeronautical society , I. 150, 2 c. 
 
 Aeronau'ttcs, or Aerostation, I. 145; illustra¬ 
 tions, 146, 149, 150. 
 
 Aeronauts, distinguished , I. 145-150. 
 Aerostation: see Aeronautics. 
 
 AErtha [air'-tha] : see Hertha. 
 
 AEs [eez], unit of Roman money, XI. 738, 1 a. 
 AE'salon lithofal'co (ornithology), XIII. 508, 
 1 b. 
 
 JEschines [es'-ke-neez], Athenian orator, I. 
 151. Philosopher, 1 c. 
 
 .zEschylus [es'-ke-lus], tragedian, I. 151. In¬ 
 effectual struggle against the popular inno¬ 
 vations of Pericles, XIII. 292, 1 c. 
 -ZEscula'pius, mythical, I. 152. His temple at 
 Athens, site of, II. 61, 1 c. 
 
 AEsculine [es'-ku-lin], its fluorescence, VII. 
 290, 2 b. 
 
 AEsculus (botany): see Horse Chestnut. 
 AEser'nia: see Isernia. 
 
 AEsh'na (dragon fly), VI. 240, 1 a. 
 
 AEsir [a'-ser]: see Odin. 
 
 AEsis, AEsium: see Jesi. 
 
 AEsop, fabulist, I. 153. 
 
 HEso'pus, Clodius, actor, I. 153. 
 
 HSsthet'ics, 1.153. Founder of the science of, 
 
 II. 377, 1 c. 
 
 AEsymnetes [e-sim'-ne-teez], official title, XIII. 
 554, 1 c. 
 
 AEtha'lia, VI. 492, 2 c (Elba). 
 
 AEthalium (fungus), rapid growth of, VII. 
 
 530, 1 a; in greenhouse hotbeds, 533, 2 a. 
 AEthelings [eth'-e-lings], Anglo-Saxon nobility, 
 I. 499, 2 b. 
 
 AE'ther : see Ether. 
 
 AEther , in the Orphic cosmogony, XII. 711, 
 1 a. 
 
 AEthiop'ica , a romance, VIII. 619, 1 b. 
 AE'thiops mineral, IV. 600, 1 be. 
 zE'thrioscope, I. 154 (ill.). Its use as a hy¬ 
 drometer, 2 c. 
 
 AEthu’sa: see Favignana. 
 
 Aetian heresy, so called, I. 155, 1 a. 
 
 Aetians [a-e'-shanz], followers of Aetius, I. 
 700, 2 a. 
 
 Aetion [a-e'-te-on], painter, I. 154. 
 
 Aetius [a-e'-shusl, heresiarch, so styled, I. 
 
 154; 700, 2 a. 
 
 Aetius, a general, I. 155„ 
 
 ^ Etob’atis (ichthyology), XIV. 223, 1 be. 
 .zEto'lia, in Greece, I. 156. 
 
 Afanasieff, Alexander Nikolaievitch [a-fa-na- 
 se-ef'], Russian author, I. 156. 
 
 A'fer, Domitius, orator, I. 156. 
 
 Afar', Mohammedan nation, I. 79, 2 c. 
 Affiches [af-feesh], I. 137, 2 c. 
 
 Affida'vit, in law, 1.157. Form and nature 
 of, 1 b and c. Persons who may take affi¬ 
 davits, 2 ab. Affidavit of merits, 2 c. 
 Affin'ity, personal, I. 158. 
 
 Affinity, Chemical, I. 158. How different 
 from cohesion, 2 ab. How effected, 2 c. 
 Changes produced by it, 159,1 ab. Degrees 
 of strength among different elements, 1 c. 
 Origin and development of the theory of 
 affinities, II. 558, 2 b (Bergman). 
 Affirma'tion, in law, I. 159. 
 
 Affonso, I. 295 (Alfonso). Duke: see Beagan- 
 qa, House of. 
 
 Affray', XIV. 343, 2 c (Riot). 
 
 Affre, Denis Auguste [afr’j, archbishop, 1.159. 
 Ajfronte [af-fro ng -ta], in heraldry, VIII. 673, 
 1 b. 
 
 A fusion, as a form of baptism, II. 290, 2 ab. 
 Afghan language and literature , I. 162, 2 c; 
 
 IX. 346, 1 b (Iranic Races and Languages). 
 Afghanistan', 1.160 (map). Physical features 
 and climate, ib. Government, 2 a. Princi¬ 
 pal tribes, 2 ab. Religion, 2 c. History, 
 ib. Attempted occupation by the British, 
 161, 1 c ; its disastrous failure, 2 b. 
 
 Afium Kara-Hissar [a-fe-ooin' ka'-ra-his- 
 sar'], Turkish city, I. 163. 
 
 Afrag'ola, town, I. 163. 
 
 Afra'nius, Lucius, Roman orator, I. 163. 
 Af'rica, I. 163. (Map.) Physical features, 2 a. 
 Coast line, 2 b. Mountain system, 164, 1 c. 
 Deserts, 165, 1 ab; Sahara, ib. Southern 
 Africa, 165, 2 c. Njle, 166, 2 ab. Lakes, 
 167, 1 a. Geology, 2 b. Fauna, 168, 1 be. 
 Flora, 169, 1 b. Population, 1 c. Political 
 divisions, 169, 2 ab. Discoverers, 170, 2 a. 
 Slave trade, suppression of, 171, 1 a. 
 
 Africa, Languages of, I. 171. 
 
 African colonization: see Cary, Lott; Ash- 
 
12 
 
 AFRICAN 
 
 AGGERHUUS 
 
 mun, Jehudi ; Colonization Society ; Li¬ 
 beria ; 'Sierra Leone. 
 
 African fever, X. 397, 2 b. 
 
 African Roscius, the : see Aldridge, Ira. 
 
 African rose, XIII. 714, 2 c. 
 
 African travel, recent: see Baker, Sir Samuel 
 White; Barth, Heinrich; Beke, Charles 
 Tilstone; Burton, Richard Francis; Du 
 Chaillu, Paul Belloni; Grant, James 
 Augustus ; IIeuglin, Theodor von ; Living¬ 
 stone, David; Nachtigal, Gustav; Rohlfs, 
 Gerhard ; Schweinfurth, Georg August ; 
 Speke, John Hanning; Stanley, H. M. 
 
 Africanders , of Cape Colony, III. 742, 2 c. 
 
 Africa'nus, Sextus Julius, early Christian 
 writer, I. 171. 
 
 Afternoon lady, plant, XI. 216, 1 b (Marvel 
 of Peru). 
 
 Afze'lius, Adam, naturalist, I. 171. Arvid 
 August, author, 2 b. 
 
 Ag'a, title, I. 171 ; IX. 526, 1 c. 
 
 Ag'adez, African city, I. 171. 
 
 Agadir [ag-a-deer'j, seaport, I. 172. 
 
 Agalmat'olite, ox figure stone, XII. 490, 1 b. 
 
 Ag'ama (lizard), IX. 178, 2 c (ill., 179). 
 
 Agamem'non, legendary hero, I. 171. 
 
 Agamen'ticus , now York, Me., VIII. 113, 2 c. 
 
 Ag'ami, bird, I. 172 (ill.). 
 
 Agamogen'esis, XIII. 132, 2 a (Parthenogene¬ 
 sis). 
 
 Aganip'pe, fountain, I. 172. 
 
 Aganip'pides (the muses), I. 172, 2 b. 
 
 Ag'aPaE, in the ancient church, I. 172. 
 
 Agapan' thus umbella'tus (botany), X. 473, 1 b. 
 
 Agapemone [ag-a-pem'-o-ne], or Abode of 
 Love, fanatical sect, I. 172. 
 
 Agape'taE, in the ancient church, I. 173. 
 
 Agapeti , I. 173, 1 a (Agapet.e). 
 
 Agapornis (parrot), XIII. 127, 1 a. 
 
 Agard', Arthur, antiquary, I. 173. 
 
 Agardh [a'-gard], Karl Adolf, naturalist, I. 
 173. Jacob Georg, his son, 1 b. 
 
 Ag'aric, Mineral, I. 173. Birch agaric (fun¬ 
 gus), 1 c (Agaricus). 
 
 Agar'icus, fungus, I. 173 ; XII. 70 (Mush¬ 
 room). Rapid growth of, VII. 530, 1 a ; 
 expansive force, ib. ; luminosity, 1 b. A. 
 campestris, VII. 530, 2 b; XII. 71,1 ab (ill.). 
 A. arvensis, XII. 71,1 b (ill.). A. procerus, 2 
 b (ill.). A. muscarius, VII. 531, 1 a (ill.) ; 
 as a fly poison, 1 b. A. caudicinus, 530, 2 c. 
 Agarici (classification of), 533, 2 c. 
 
 Ag'as (of Bosnia), III. 112, 2 a. 
 
 Aga'sias, sculptor, I. 173. 
 
 Agassiz, Louis John Rudolph [ag'-as-se], nat¬ 
 uralist, I. 173. His work on fossil fishes, 
 174, 2 c. Relation of the Creator to the 
 universe, 175, 1 a. History of the fresh¬ 
 water fishes, 1 c. Nomenclator Zoologicus, 
 2 a. His glacial theory, 2 c. Residence in 
 the United States, 176, 1 b. Classification 
 of insects, VI. 662, 1 c; of fishes, IX. 161, 
 
 1 b, 2 c. On animal development, VII. 11, 
 
 2 b; fossil ichthyology, 240, 2 be; cranial 
 vertebra, XIII. 425, 2 b. (Died 1873.) 
 
 Ag'ate, mineral, I. 177. Derivation of the 
 word, I. 63, 2 b. 
 
 Agate de la sainte chapelle [a-gat dull la sa ng t 
 sha-pel], (cameo), III. 652, 1 a. 
 
 Ag'atha, Saint, I. 179. 
 
 Agatharchides, or Agatharchus [ag-a-thar'- 
 ke-deez, -kus], geographer, I. 179. 
 Agatharchus, geographical writer (Agathar- 
 
 CHIDES). 
 
 Agathar'chus, artist, I. 179. 
 
 Agath'ias, Byzantine writer, I. 179. 
 Agathocles [a-gath'-o-kleez], I. 179 ; IV. 38, 
 
 1 c. Gold coin of, II. 208, 1 c (ill.). 
 Ag'athon, poet, I. 179. 
 
 Aga've, plant, I. 179. A. Americana (Ameri¬ 
 can aloe), 2 c (ill., 180) ; III. 665, 2 b. 
 Agawam', IX. 344, 2 c (Ipswich) ; XV. 289, 1 
 b (Springfield). 
 
 Agde [agd], city, I. 180. 
 
 Age, an historic period, I. 180. Duration of 
 human life, 181, 2 ab. Age of brute ani¬ 
 mals, 182, 2 a; of plants, 183, 2 c. 
 
 Age, legal, I. 181, 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 Age of decrepitude , in ancient art, XII. 795, 
 
 2 b. 
 
 Ageing , in calico printing, III. 596, 2 c; in 
 dyeing, VI. 340, 1 a. 
 
 Agelaius phceniceus (ornithology), II. 675, 2 b 
 (ill.). 
 
 Agen [a-zha ng ], town, I. 185. 
 
 Agen'da, liturgical book, XVI. 116, 2 c. 
 
 Agen'dicum , ancient town : see Sens. 
 
 Agent, in law, I. 185. 
 
 Agents de change [a-zlia ng duh shaVzh], in the 
 Paris bourse, XV. 388, 2 be. 
 
 Ages, historic epochs, I. 185. Age of stone, 
 2 c; of bronze, ib. ; of iron, 186, 1 a. See 
 Archaeology, 642. Middle Ages, 186, 1 a. 
 Dark Ages, 1 b. 
 
 Agesilaus [a-jes-e-la'-us], king, 1.186; 188,1 a. 
 Agesis'trata , referred to, I. 187, 2 c. 
 Aggeriiuus [ag'-ger-hooce], or Akershuus, I. 
 187; IV. 529, 2 b; ancient castle of, 2 c. 
 
AGGEUS 
 
 AGPJPPA 
 
 13 
 
 Ag'geus : seo Haggai. 
 
 Aggliitinative type, of language, XVI. 42, 2 
 ab. 
 
 Agharu [a-ga-roo'], tree, III. 504, 1 b. 
 
 Aghrim, or Aughrim [awg'-rim], village, 1.187. 
 
 Victory of William III. over James II., ib. 
 Aghtamar', patriarch of, I. 725, 2 a. 
 
 Agila [aj'-e-la], or eaglewood, III. 564, 1 ab. 
 Agincourt [Fr. a-zlia ng -koor], now Azincourt, 
 
 I. 187. Battle of, 1 c; IV. 286, 1 c. 
 Agincourt, Jean Baptiste Louis George Se- 
 
 roux d’, archaeologist, I. 187. 
 
 A'gis, name of four kings of Sparta, I. 187. 
 Agla , cabalistic word, V. 795, 2 a. 
 Agla'ophon, painter, I. 188. 
 
 Aglegmutes , Indian tribe, XV. 598, 2 ab. 
 Agme'gue, or Gagmegue, Indian tribe, I. 188. 
 Agnano [a-nya'-no], lake, I. 188. 
 
 Ag'nates, in Scotch law, V. 19, 1 b; in Roman 
 law, ib., and VI. 38, 2 c. 
 
 Ag'nes, Saint, I. 188. 
 
 Agnes Sorel [Fr. a-nyess so-rel], I. 188; V. 
 14, 1 b. 
 
 Agnes, daughter of Albert I., I. 251,1 c. Her 
 bloody vengeance on her father’s murder¬ 
 ers and their innocent relatives and vassals, 
 IX. 656, 1 ab. Her pious use of their es¬ 
 tates, 1 b. 
 
 Agnesi [a-nya'-ze], Maria Gaetana, learned Ital¬ 
 ian lady, I. 188. Maria Teresa, 2 c. 
 
 Ag'ni, Hindoo divinity, IX. 223, 2 b ; 224, 1 c, 
 2 c ; 225, 1 be. 
 
 Agnoet^e [ag-no-e'-te], name of two heretical 
 sects, I. 188. 
 
 Agnolo, Baccio d’ [bat'-cho da'-nyo-lo], Flor¬ 
 entine architect, I. 188. 
 
 Agnolo : see Agostino. 
 
 Agno'men, in Roman personal names, XII. 127, 
 2 a. 
 
 Agnone [a-nyo'-na], Italian town, I. 189. 
 Agnosciola : see Angtjisciola. 
 
 Ag'nus Dei, in the Roman Catholic church, I. 
 
 189. In the Greek church, 1 a. 
 
 Ag'obard, Saint, I. 189. 
 
 Agon'io Line, I. 189 (ill.). 
 
 Agonis'tce, eremites, XI. 729, 1 b. 
 
 Agonis'tici, sect of ascetics, I. 189. 
 
 Ag'ora, Grecian, I. 655, 2 a; of Athens (site), 
 
 II. 59, 2 c. 
 
 Agos'ta, or Augusta, seaport, I. 189. 
 Agostino and Agnolo or Angelo [a-gos-te'-no, 
 a'-nyo-lo, an'-ja-lo], sculptors and architects, 
 
 I. 190. 
 
 Agoult, Marie Catherine Sophie de Flavigny, 
 
 countess d’ [da-goo], French authoress, I. 
 190. Cosima, her daughter, III. ‘432, 2 b. 
 See Bulow. 
 
 Agou'ti, animal, 1.190 (ill.). Varieties of, 2 c. 
 Ag'ra, province, I. 190. District, 191, 1 a. 
 Capital city, ib. Taj Mahal, mausoleum^ 
 
 1 ab (ill.). 
 
 Agraffe [a-graf'], of piano, XIII. 490, 2 c. 
 Ag'ram, town, I. 191. 
 
 Agra'rian Laws, Roman, I. 191. 
 
 Agrarian scheme, attempted in Sparta, I. 187, 
 
 2 c. 
 
 Agreda, Maria de (Coronel), [a-gra/-£Aa], nun, 
 I. 192. Her life of the Virgin Mary, 2 b. 
 Agreement : see Contract. 
 
 Agrib, Agreeb, or Gharib, Mount [a-greeb', 
 ga-reeb'], I. 192. 
 
 Agrio'ola, Cneius Julius, Roman general, I. 
 
 192. Referred to, XIV. 677, 2 be. 
 Agricola, Georg, mineralogist and physician, 
 
 1.193 ; IV. 359, 1 b. Johann Friedrich, mu¬ 
 sician and composer, I. 193, 1 a. Johannes 
 (John), theologian, 1 b; his development of 
 Antinomianism, 566, 1 a. Rudolf, scholar, 
 
 193, 1 c. 
 
 Agricultural Chemistry, I. 193. Composi¬ 
 tion of vegetable and animal substances, 2 a. 
 Ash of plants, 194, 1 c. Atmosphere and 
 soil, 2 c. Soils, 195, 1 b ; restoration of, 2 
 c. Analysis of soils, 196, 1 c. Theory of 
 manuring, 197,1 a. Rotation of crops, 198, 
 
 1 b. Composition of, and value as food, 2 c. 
 Relations between food and functional de¬ 
 velopment, 199, 1 a. 
 
 Agricultural schools , VI. 430, 1 c. 
 Agriculture, I. 200. Ancient Greek, 2 a. 
 Ancient Roman, 2 c; Roman agricultural 
 writers, 201, 1 c; Roman agricultural uten¬ 
 sils and farming, 2 b. Agriculture in Brit¬ 
 ain, 202, 1 c ; in Europe from the 16th cen¬ 
 tury, 2 c; in the United States, 205, 2 b. 
 Practical agriculture in Great Britain, 207, 
 
 2 a. 
 
 “ Agriculture and Russia,' 11 Swedish political 
 faction, VIII. 339, 2 a. 
 
 Agrigentum [ag-re-jen'-tum]; city, I. 207. 
 
 Temple of Concord, ruins of (ill.), 208. 
 Ag’rion (entomology), VI. 240, 1 ab (ill.). 
 Agrio'nia, Bacchic festival, I. 208. 
 
 Agrio'tes (entomology), XVI. 678, 2 a. 
 Agrip'pa, Herodes: see Herod. Marcus Vip- 
 sanius, I. 208, 1 c. 
 
 Agrippa von Hettesiieim, Heinrich Cornelius 
 [fon net'-tess-hime], philosopher, I. 208. 
 
14 
 
 AGRIPPINA 
 
 AIMAKS 
 
 Agrippi'na, daughter of Agrippa and Julia, I. 
 208. Daughter of the preceding, 209, 1 a. 
 
 Agros'tis (botany), VIII. 166, 1 b. A. alba, 
 168, 1 a. A. vulgaris, 167, 2 c (ill.); XV. 
 757, 2 c. 
 
 Agrotid'ians , moths, XI. 870,1 a; V. 597, 1 c. 
 
 Agro'tis (entomology), V. 597,1 b. European 
 species, 1 c; American, 2 a. 
 
 Agua, Volcan de [vole-kan' da a'-gwa], moun¬ 
 tain, I. 209. 
 
 Aguado, Alexandre Marie [Sp. a-gwa'-^o], 
 banker, I. 209. 
 
 Aguardiente [a-gwar-£Ae-ain'-ta], a fiery dis¬ 
 tilled spirit, XIII. 692, 2 a; XIV. 79, 1 c. 
 
 Agtjas Calientes [a'-gwass ka-le-ain'-tace], 
 Mexican state, I. 209. Capital city, 2 a. 
 
 Ague [a'-gu], I. 209. Dumb ague, 2 b. Ague 
 cake, xb * 
 
 Aguesseau, Henri Francois d’ [da-ghes-so], 
 French jurist, I. 209. 
 
 Aguilar, or Aguilar de la Frontera [a-ghe-lar' 
 da la frone-ta'-ra], Spanish town, I. 209. 
 
 Aguilar, Grace, English authoress, I. 210. 
 
 Aguirre, Jose Saenz de [a-gheer'-ra], learned 
 Benedictine, I. 210. Lope de, a noted crim¬ 
 inal, 1 b. 
 
 Agulhas [a-goo'-lyass], cape, I. 210. 
 
 Agulhas current , IX. 244, 2 ab. 
 
 Agustina [a-goos-te'-na], maid of Saragossa, I. 
 
 210 . 
 
 Agynia'ni, or Agynii, fanatical sect, I. 210. 
 
 Agynii: see Agyniani. 
 
 A'hab, Israelitish king, I. 210. 
 
 Ahan'ta, Africa, I. 210. 
 
 Ahasue'rus, Persian king, I. 210; XVI. 758,1 a. 
 
 Ahasuerus: see Wandering Jew. 
 
 A'iiaz : see Hebrews, VIII. 589, 1 a. 
 
 Ahazi'ah, Israelitish king, I. 210. Son and 
 successor of Jehoram, 211, 1 a. 
 
 Aheers' (Aryan), IX. 213, 2 be; 214, 1 be. 
 
 Ahenobar'bus, I. 209, 1 a. 
 
 Ahim'elecii, a Hebrew high priest, I. 211. 
 
 Ahith'ophel, a confederate of Absalom, I. 211. 
 
 Ahl'den, princess of, XV. 167, 2 be. 
 
 AnLEFELD, Charlotte Sophie Luise Wilhelmine 
 von [fon a'-l&h-felt], I. 211. 
 
 Ahlfeld, Johann Friedrich [al'-felt], clergy¬ 
 man, I. 211. 
 
 Aiilquist, August Engelbert [al'-kwist], phi¬ 
 lologist and poet, I. 211. 
 
 Ahlwardt, Theodor Wilhelm [al'-vart], ori¬ 
 entalist, I. 211. 
 
 Ah'med , pasha: see Bonneval, C. A., III. 71, 
 1 ab. 
 
 Ahmed, Karmath , II. 24, 1 a. 
 
 Ahmed Khan: see Aiimed Shah. 
 
 Ahmed Shah, founder of the Afghan mon¬ 
 archy, I. 211; 160, 2 c (Ahmed Khan). 
 
 Aiimedabad', or Alimadabad, town of British 
 India, I. 212. 
 
 Ahmednug'gur, or Ahmadnagar, district of 
 British India, I. 212. Capital town, 1 be. 
 
 Ahn, Johann Franz [an], grammarian, I. 212. 
 
 Ahrens, Heinrich [a'-rence], jurist and psy¬ 
 chologist, I. 212. 
 
 Aiiriman', in the ancient Persian religion, I. 
 212 ; XII. 704, 1 b. 
 
 Ahts, family of tribes: see Nootkas. 
 
 Ahu, Tartarian roebuck, XIV. 386, 1 a. 
 
 Ahura-Mazda: see Ormuzd. 
 
 Ahwaz', or Ahwuz, Persian town, I. 212, 
 
 Ai [a'-I], city of Palestine, I. 212. 
 
 Aidan, St. [a'-dan], missionary, I. 213. 
 
 Aidin [I-deen'], province of Turkey, I. 213. 
 Capital city, 1 a. 
 
 Aigocerus niger (zoology), sable antelope, I. 
 545, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Aigoon [i-goon'J, treaty of, I. 433, 2 b. 
 
 Aiguebelle [aig-bel], town, I. 213. 
 
 Aiguebelle, Paul Alexandre Neveue d’, Franco- 
 Chinese naval commander, I. 213. 
 
 Aigues-Mortes [aig-mort], town, I. 213. 
 
 Aiguille [a-gwey’J, Alpine peaks, I. 213 ; XI. 
 776, 1 b. 
 
 Aiguillon, Armand Vignerot Duplessis-Riche- 
 lieu, due d’ [da-gwe'-yo ng ], I. 213. 
 
 Ai'ken, township, I. 213. 
 
 Aiken, John, author, I. 213. Arthur, 214, 1 
 a. Lucy, 1 b. 
 
 Aikin, Mary Elizabeth , III. 328, 1 b. 
 
 Aik'man, William, painter, I. 214. 
 
 Ailali [i'-la]: see Elath. 
 
 Allan'thus : see Ailantus. 
 
 Ailan'tus, I. 214. A. glandulosa, 1 c. A. 
 excelsa, ib. 
 
 Ailly, Pierre d’ [da-ye], or Petrus de Alliaco, 
 prelate, I. 214. 
 
 Ail'red, Ealred, or Ethelred, historian and 
 theologian, I. 214. 
 
 Ailsa Craig, islet, I. 214. 
 
 Ailsa rock, I. 214, 2 c (Ailsa Craig); II. 170, 
 2 c. “ Is firm as Ailsa rock.” Scott’s “Lord 
 of the Isles,” canto vi., xxviii. 
 
 Ailu'rus (zoology), XIII. 36, 2 a. A. fulgens, 2 
 b (ill.). 
 
 Aimags [i'-mags], the, Iranic race, IX. 347, 1 
 ab. 
 
 Aimaks [i'-maks], Mongolian race, XI. 747,1 b. 
 
AIMARD 
 
 AKHYSKHA 
 
 15 
 
 Aimard, Gustave [a-mar], novelist, I. 214. 
 Aim^-Martin, Louis [a-ma-mar-ta ng ], author, 
 T. 215. 
 
 Aimon, or Aymon, the four sons of, I. 215. 
 Aimores [I-mo-race'J, a name of the Botocudos, 
 
 III. 140, 2 a. 
 
 Ain [&"«], department of France, I. 215. 
 Ain-Madhi [Ine-ma-de'], town and oasis, I. 215. 
 Ainmuller, Maximilian Emanuel [me'-mul- 
 ler], artist, I. 215. 
 
 Ainos, or Ainus [I'-nos, i'-noos], tribes, I. 215 ; 
 IX. 541, 2 ah. 
 
 Ains'lie Bond , the, III. 140, 1 b. 
 
 Ainsty of Yorlc , XVI. 790, 2 a. 
 
 Ainsworth, Henry, Brownist, I. 216. 
 Ainsworth, Robert, lexicographer, I. 216. 
 Ainsworth, William Francis, traveller, I. 216. 
 
 William Harrison, novelist, 2 a. 
 
 Aintab [Ine-tab'], Turkish city, I. 216. 
 
 Air : see Atmosphere. 
 
 Air, deterioration of, XVI. 451, 2 c ; 455, 1 a; 
 capacity for moisture, 452, 1 b. Quantity 
 required hourly for human life, II. 84, 2 a; 
 for perfect ventilation, XVI. 452, 2 ab. 
 
 Air, atmospheric, in respiration, XIV. 278,1 a. 
 
 Constitution and properties of, XI. 432, 2 b. 
 Air, dephlogisticated, XII. 769, lb (Oxygen); 
 empyreal, ib. 
 
 Air, dry atmospheric, absorptive power of, 
 XVI. 91, 2 b (Tyndall). 
 
 Air affected by growing plants , II. 84, 2 a. 
 
 Air [Ire], or Asben, oasis, I. 216. 
 
 Ai'ra (botany), VIII. 166, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Airavati [I-ra-va'-te]: see Irrawaddy. 
 
 Air Bladder, of fish, I. 217. 
 
 Air Cells, in plants, I. 217. In birds, II. 653, 
 1 c. 
 
 Air compressor, for rock drills, III. 100, 1 ab 
 (ill.). 
 
 Air'drie, borough, I. 218. 
 
 Aire, river, I. 218. 
 
 Aire [air], two cities, I. 218. 
 
 Airedale college, III. 180, 1 a. 
 
 Air engine, invention of, IV. 160, 2 a. 
 
 Air Gun, I. 218 (ill.). 
 
 Air martyrs, XV. 434, 1 c (Stylites). 
 
 Air Plants, I. 218; XV. 753, 2 c (Tillandsia). 
 Air Pump, I. 219. Simplest form, 2 a (ill.). 
 With double barrel, 22<^ 1 a (ill., 219, 2 c). 
 Improved constructions, with illustrations, 
 220, ff. Uses in arts and manufactures, 222. 
 Its alleged inventor, III. 173, 2 be. 
 
 Air suction pump, I. 221, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Air vesicles of the lungs, X. 721, 2 b. 
 
 Air Vessels, or Spiral Vessels, in plants, I. 
 
 222 . 
 
 Ai'ry, George Biddell, astronomer, I. 222. 
 
 Aisha : see Ayesha. 
 
 Aisne [ain], department of France, I. 223. 
 
 Aissk, Mile, [ais-sa], Circassian lady, I. 223. 
 
 Ait'kin, county, I. 223. 
 
 Ai'ton, William, gardener and botanist, L 
 223. William Townsend, 2 a. 
 
 Aitzema, Lieuwe van [Ite-za'-ma], historian, 
 I. 223. 
 
 Aix [aiks], town of France, I. 223. 
 
 Aix-la-Chapelle [aiks-la-sha-pel], town, I. 
 223. Treaty of, 1668, 224, 1 b. Treaty of, 
 1748, 1 c; alluded to, VII. 706, 1 c. Con¬ 
 gress of, 1818, I. 224, 2 a. Cathedral re¬ 
 ferred to, IV. 292, 1 c. 
 
 Aix-les-Bains [aiks-la-ba ns ], or Aix, I. 224. 
 
 Aix sponsa [a'-ix], (ornithology), XVI. 707, 2 b 
 (ill.). A. galericulata, 708, 1 be. 
 
 Aizanas, Axumite prince, II. 167, 2 b, c. 
 
 Aiza'ni, ancient city of Asia Minor, I. 224. 
 
 Ajaccio [a-yat'-cho], city, I. 224. Birthplace 
 of Napoleon Bonaparte, 225, 1 a (ill., 224). 
 
 Aj'alon, or Ai'jalon, town of Palestine, I. 225. 
 
 A'jan, Africa, I. 225. 
 
 Ajar, female principle in the theogony of the 
 Christians of St. John, IV. 546, 1 c. 
 
 A'jax, name of two Greek chiefs, I. 225. 
 
 Ajmeer', or Ajmere, district, I. 225. Capital 
 city, 2 b. 
 
 Afuga (botany), VII. 320, 1 ab. 
 
 Ak'abaii, fortified village, I. 225. Gulf of, ib. 
 
 Ak'bar, or Akber, Jelal-ed-Deen Mohammed, 
 Mogul emperor, I. 225 ; IX. 208, 2 b. 
 
 Akbar, fort, I. 191, 1 a. 
 
 Akbar mosque, the, IX. 733, 1 ab. 
 
 Akene’ (botany), XIII. 590, 2 b. 
 
 A'kenside, Mark, physician and poet, I. 226. 
 
 Akerblad (Swed. Alcerblad, o'-ker-blad), Jo¬ 
 han David, philologist, I. 226. 
 
 Ak'erman, or Akjerman [ak'-yer-man], town, 
 I. 226. 
 
 A'kers, Benjamin Paul, sculptor, I. 226. 
 
 Akershuus : see Aggerhuus. 
 
 % 
 
 AKHALTZiKn', Aklialzikh, Achalzik, or Akhys- 
 kha, town, I. 226. 
 
 AKmssAR', or Ek-IIissar, town of Asia Minor, 
 I. 226. 
 
 AxnLAT', Turkish town, I. 226 ; XVI. 252,1 be. 
 
 Akhmin : see ExnMiN. 
 
 Aktityrka, or Achtyrka [a k h-teer'-ka], town, 
 I. 226. 
 
 Akhyskha : see Akhaltzikh. 
 
16 
 
 AKIBA 
 
 ALBANENSES 
 
 Ak'iba ben Joseph, Jewish rabbi, I. 226. 
 
 Akjerman : see Akerman. 
 
 Akmolinsk', province, I. 226. 
 
 Ak'eon, city, I. 227. 
 
 Aksa , mosque, IX. 615, 1 c. 
 
 Ak-Shehr [ak-sbair'], town, I. 227- 
 
 Aksiari [ak-se-a'-re], I. 227, 1 b (Ak-Shehr). 
 
 Aksu [ak-soo'J, or Oksu, town, East Turkistan, 
 I. 227. 
 
 Akyab', town, British Burmab, I. 227. 
 
 Al, il, or ul, Arabic definite article, I. 227. 
 
 Alabama [al-a-ba'-ma], I. 227. State seal, ib. 
 Population, 228, 1 b. Physical features, 1 
 c. Natural curiosities, 229, 1 c. Climate, 
 2 a. Soil and productions, 2 b. Commerce, 
 230, 1 b. Intercommunication, 1 c. Con¬ 
 stitution and government, 231, 1 a. Educa¬ 
 tion, 2 b, and 232, 1 c. Public institutions, 
 232, 1 b. Keligious denominations, 2 ab. 
 History, 2 b; secession and the war of the 
 rebellion, 233,1 a. Measures of reconstruc¬ 
 tion, 234. 
 
 Alabama, river, I. 234. 
 
 Alabama , rebel privateer, X. 494, 1 a; XIV. 
 763, 1 c. Destruction of, XVI. 673, 1 a. 
 
 Alabama claims , settlement of by the Geneva 
 tribunal, XVI. 187, 1 c and 2 b. See Eng¬ 
 land, VI. 620, 1 a; Grant, VIII. 160, 1 c; 
 Cockbtten, IV. 785, 2 c; Cushing, V. 590, 
 2 a. 
 
 Alabandine [al-a-ban'-din], XI. 102, 2 c (Man¬ 
 ganese). 
 
 Al'abaster, I. 234; VIII. 358, 1 c. 
 
 Alabas'tron , ancient town, I. 234, 2 c. 
 
 Alachua [a-latch'-oo-a], county, I. 235. 
 
 Alacoque, Marguerite Marie [a-la-kuk], French 
 nun, I. 235; XIII. 73, 1 c. 
 
 Alacran [a-la-kran'], submergence of, I. 702, 
 1 a (Aeica). 
 
 Ala DAGn [a'-la dag], mountain chain in Turk¬ 
 ish Armenia, I. 235. Mountain in Asia Mi¬ 
 nor, 1 c. 
 
 Alagoas, Dos [doce a-la-go'-ass], province, I. 
 235. City, 2 a. 
 
 Alain de Lille [a-la" B dhh leel], Cistercian 
 scholar, I. 235. 
 
 Alais [a-la], city, I. 235. 
 
 Alajuela [a-la- k hwa'-la], city, I. 235. 
 
 Alaka [a-la'-ka], in the Abyssinian church, I. 
 49, 1 a. 
 
 Alaman', Lucas, Mexican statesman, I. 235. 
 
 Al'amance, county, I. 235. Creek, 2 c. 
 
 Alamance , battle of the, IX. 90, 1 a. 
 
 Alaman'ni, or Alemanni, Luigi, poet, I. 236. 
 
 Alamanni : see Alemanni. 
 
 Alame'da, county, I. 236. 
 
 Alameda [a-la-ma'-£Aa], promenade at Cadiz, 
 III. 536, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Alamo [a'-la-mo], fort, I. 236. Massacre of its 
 garrison, IX. 16, 2 b; XV. 678, 1 ab. 
 Alamos, Keal de los [ra-al' da loce a/-la-moce], 
 town, I. 236. 
 
 Alamut [a-la-moot'J, castle of, II. 24, 2 b. 
 Alan, Allen, or Allyn, William, theologian, I. 
 236. 
 
 Aland Islands (Swed. Aland , o'-land), I. 237. 
 Ala'ni, Scythian tribe, I. 237. 
 
 Alantine [a-lan'-tin], VI. 497, 2 c. 
 Alantenouidet , IX. 777, 2 c (Kean). 
 
 Al-Araf', in Mohammedan theology, I. 237. 
 Alarcon, Hernando (or Fernando) de [a-lar- 
 kone'], Spanish navigator, 1. 237. The 
 mouth of the Colorado discovered by, V. 
 107, 2 be. 
 
 Alarcon, or Alarcon y Mendoza, Juan Euiz de, 
 dramatist, I. 237. 
 
 Alard [a-lar], violinist, allusion to, I. 378, 1 a. 
 Al'aric I., king of the Visigoths, I. 237. Alaric 
 II., 238, 1 c. 
 
 Alarm, an instrument, I. 238. Burglar alarms, 
 
 1 ab. Alarm clock, 2 b. Fire-damp alarm, 
 
 2 c. Alarm whistle (steam), 239, 1 a. 
 Alarm circuits , telegraphic, XV. 619, 2 b. 
 Alas'co, John: see Laski. 
 
 Ala-Sheiir [a-la-shair'], city, I. 239. 
 
 Alas'ka, territory, I. 239 (map). Name, 2 a. 
 
 Settlements, 2 b. Physical features, 240, 
 1 b. Climate, 241, 1 ab. Vegetation, 2 a. 
 Agricultural resources, 2 ab. Geology, 2 b. 
 Fossils, 242, 1 a. Animals, ib. Native pop¬ 
 ulation, 1 c. Fisheries and fur trade, 2 a. 
 History, 2 b. Sale of to the United States, 
 243, 1 a; 285, 1 a. Fur trade, VII. 536, 1 b. 
 A latere ( legatus ), [lat'-e-re], X. 318, 2 a. 
 Alau'da (ornithology), X. 172, 1 a. A. arven- 
 sis, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Ai.ava [a'-la-va], province, I. 243. 
 
 Alb, ecclesiastical vestment, I. 243. 
 
 Al'ba, city, I. 243. 
 
 Alba, song, XIV. 40, 2 a. 
 
 Alba , duke of: see Alva. 
 
 Albacete [al-ba-tha'-ta], province, I. 243. 
 Capital city, 1 c. 
 
 Alba Julia , ancient name of Carlsburg, III. 
 795, 1 b. 
 
 Alba Longa, ancient city, I. 243. 
 
 Alban, Saint, I. 243. 
 
 Albanen'ses, sect, I. 243. 
 
ALBANI 
 
 ALBION 
 
 17 
 
 Albani, or Albano, Francesco [al-ba'-ne, -no], 
 painter, I. 243. 
 
 Albani , Giovanni Francesco (Clement XL), IY. 
 663, 1 be. 
 
 Alba'nia, country of Asia, I. 243. 
 
 Albania, province, I. 244. Albanian costume 
 (ill.). Language and literature, 245, 1 a; 
 language, VIII. 209, 1 b. 
 
 Albanian colony in Sicily : see Piana del 
 Greci. 
 
 Albanian gates , Caucasus, referred to, YI. 29, 
 2 a. 
 
 Albanian pass of the Caucasus , IV. 133, 1 c. 
 Albanians , colony of in Catania, IY. 100, 1 c. 
 Albano [al-ba'-no], city, I. 245. Lake of, 1 c. 
 Albano , pseudonyme, I. 123, 2 c. 
 
 Albano : see Albani. 
 
 Albany [awl'-ba-ne], name of two counties, 
 I. 245. 
 
 Albany, city, I. 245. View of, 246. State in¬ 
 stitutions, 2 c. Dudley observatory, 247, 1 a. 
 New capitol, 246, 1 c; ill., 247. Churches, 
 247, 1 c. History, 248, 1 a. Origin of the 
 name, 248, 2 a; XYI. 151, 2 a. 
 
 Albany , count of: see Charles Edward (Stu¬ 
 art), IY. 312, 2 c, and Albany, L. M. C. H., 
 countess of. 
 
 Albany, district of Cape Colony, I. 248. 
 Albany , duke of IX. 513, 2 c. 
 
 Albany, Louise Marie Caroline H£loise, coun¬ 
 tess of, wife of Charles Edward Stuart, I. 
 248 ; IY. 312, 2 c. Relation to the poet 
 Alfieri, I. 294, 2 c, 295, 1 a; to the painter 
 Eabre, VII. 52, 1 ab. 
 
 Albany beef (sturgeon), XY. 432, 1 c. 
 
 Albany regency , XIY. 792, 1 b; XVI. 254, 1 
 a. See Weed, Thurlow, 535, 1 a. 
 Albateg'nius, or Albategni, Arabian prince 
 and astronomer, I. 249. 
 
 Al'batross, bird, I. 249 (ill.). 
 
 Al-Belad'ori, Abul Ilassan Ahmed, historian, 
 
 I. 249. 
 
 Al'bemarle, county, I. 249. 
 
 Albemarle , early name of North Carolina, XII. 
 495, 2 b. 
 
 Albemarle , confederate iron-clad ram, blown 
 up, XIII. 624, 1 b. 
 
 Albemarle: see Aumale. 
 
 Albemarle Sound, I. 250. 
 Albergati-Capacelli, Francesco, marchese d’ 
 [dal-bair-ga'-te-ka-pa-chel'-le], I. 250. 
 Ai/berio I., ruler of Rome, I. 250. Alberic 
 
 II. , 2 b. 
 
 Alberi'cus Gen'tilis , civilian, X. 222, 2 b. 
 
 2 
 
 Alberoni, Giulio [al-bft-ro'-ne], statesman, I. 
 
 250. 
 
 Albers, Johann Friedrich nermann [dl'-berce], 
 physician, I. 250. 
 
 Al'bert, county, I. 250. 
 
 Albert [al-bair], pseudonyme, I. 250. 
 
 Albert, archduke of Austria, and emperor of 
 Germany, I. 250. 
 
 Albert, first duke of Prussia, I. 251. 
 
 Albert (Francis Albert Augustus Charles 
 Emanuel), prince consort of Great Britain, I. 
 
 251. 
 
 Albert , son of Ernest, duke of Bavaria, II. 576, 
 2 a. 
 
 Albert, Friedrich August, crown prince of 
 Saxony, I. 252. 
 
 Albert bridge (London), X. 592, 1 c. Albert 
 embankment, 2 a. 
 
 Albert Edward, prince of Wales, &c., I. 252. 
 
 Albert Victor, his eldest son, 2 a. 
 
 Alberti, Leone Battista [al-bair'-te], architect, 
 poet, painter, and sculptor, I. 252. 
 Albertinelli, Mariotto [al-bair-te-nel'-le], 
 painter, I. 252. 
 
 Albertine university (Konigsberg), X. 41, 2 c. 
 Albertists: see Albertus Magnus, I. 252, 2 c. 
 Albertite , bituminous mineral, II. 672, 1 a. 
 Albert memorial monument (London), X. 597, 
 1 a (ill., 596). 
 
 Albert memorial tower (Belfast), II. 486, 1 ab 
 (ill.). 
 
 Albert N’yanza, African lake, a source of 
 the Nile: see N’yanza, XII. 548, 1 a, 447, 
 1 c, and I. 166, 2 b, 167, 1 c. 
 
 Albert stone , XIY. 600, 2 be. 
 
 Albertus Magnus, scholar, I. 252; IY. 358, 
 1 c. Androides made by him, II. 155, 1 b. 
 Albertype , XIII. 472, 2 a; XY. 248, 1 c. 
 
 Al'bi, or Alby, town, I. 253. 
 
 Al'bicore , fish, XYI. 40, 1 a. 
 
 Albigen'ses, I. 253. See Catharists, IY. 115. 
 Persecution of, YI. 200, 1 b; IX. 293, 2 a; 
 XIII. 807, 2 c. Barbarities inflicted on them, 
 III. 777, 1 ab (Carcassonne). Crusade 
 against them, X. 652, 1 a (Louis VIII.). 
 Massacre of them, II. 604, 1 b. 
 
 Albino mice, I. 253, 2 c; albino elephants, 
 ib. ; albino crow and blackbird, ib. 
 
 Albi'nos, I. 253. See Complexion, V. 193, 2 c. 
 Albi'nus, Bernhard Siegfried [Ger. al-be'-noos], 
 anatomist, I. 254. 
 
 Al'bion, ancient name for Britain, I. 254; III. 
 293, 2 b. 
 
 Albion, village, I. 254. 
 
18 
 
 ALBION 
 
 ALCOHOLIC 
 
 Albion, New, I. 254. 
 
 Albirco [al-beer'-ko], star, I. 254. 
 
 Albite , mineral, VII. 114, 2 b and c; 115, 1 a; 
 VIII. 152, 2 c. Crystalline structure of, V. 
 540, 1 a. 
 
 Al'boin, king of the Lombards, I. 254. 
 
 Alboni, Marietta [al-bo'-ne], singer, I. 254. 
 
 Al-Borak', Mohammed’s camel in his celestial 
 journeys, I. 254. 
 
 Albornoz, Gil Alvarez Carillo [al-bore-noath'j, 
 prelate, I. 254. 
 
 Al-Bostan: see Bostan. 
 
 Albrecht, Friedrich Rudolph [al'-bre c ht], arch¬ 
 duke of Austria, I. 254. 
 
 Albreciitsberger, Johann Georg [al'-bre c hts- 
 bair-gher], musician, I. 254. 
 
 Albret [al-bret], town, I. 255. 
 
 Albret, Jeanne d’ [dal-bret], queen of Navarre, 
 I. 255. 
 
 Albright , Rev. Joseph [awl'-brite]: see Evan¬ 
 gelical Association. 
 
 Albuca'sis, Bulcasimos, or Abulcasim, Arabian 
 physician, I. 255. 
 
 Albuera [al-bwa'-ra], village, I. 255. Battle 
 of, ib. 
 
 Albufera [al-boo-fa'-ra], lagoon, I. 255. 
 
 Alb ufera, duke of: see SucnET. 
 
 Albu'men, I. 255. See Plant, XIII. 575, 2 b. 
 
 Albumen proofs: see Photography, XIII. 
 471, 1 b. 
 
 Albumens: see Proteine, XIV. 31, lb; de¬ 
 rived albumen, ib. 
 
 Albuminoid (substances), I. 256, 1 a; XIII. 
 581,2 a. 
 
 Albuminu'ria, or Bright’s disease, I. 256. 
 Acute form, 1 b; causes of, 2 ab. Pathol¬ 
 ogy of the disease, 2 c. Strumous diathe¬ 
 sis, 257, 1 ab. Hygienic treatment of acute 
 form, 1 b. Chronic form, 1 c; duration of, 
 2 c; treatment of, 258, 1 c. 
 
 Albuquerque [al-boo-kilir'-ka], town and for¬ 
 tress, I. 258. Alluded to, I. 143, 2 b. 
 
 Albuquerque, Alfonso d\ the Great, I. 258. 
 
 Albur'num, in trees, I. 259. 
 
 Alby: see Albi. 
 
 Alca (ornithology), II. 116, 2 c. A. impennis, 
 117, 1 a (ill.). A. torda, 1 c. 
 
 Alcabala: see Alcavala. 
 
 Al-cadi , I. 259, 2 c (Alcalde). 
 
 Alc^e'us, poet, I. 259. 
 
 Alca'ic metres, I. 259, 2 a. 
 
 Alcaide [al-ki'-da], I. 259. 
 
 Alcala [al-ka-la/], name of several towns in 
 Spain, I. 259. Alcala de Henares [da a-na'- 
 
 race], 1 ab ; II. 610, 2 c. Alcala la Real [la 
 rH-al'J, I. 259, 2 b. Victory of Sebastiani, ib. 
 Alcal'de [Sp. al-kal'-£M], title, I. 259. 
 
 Alcalde , species of hornet, III. 14, 2 c. 
 Alcamenes [al-kam'-e-neez], sculptor, I. 259. 
 Alcamo [al-ka'-mo], city, I. 260. 
 
 Alcantara [al-kan'-ta-ra], town, I. 260. 
 Knights of, 1 a. 
 
 Alcantarines [al-kan'-ta-rinz]: see Francis¬ 
 cans, VII. 426, 1 b. 
 
 Alcarrazas [al-kar-ra'-tliass], water refrigera¬ 
 tors, I. 488, 2 c. 
 
 Alcavala [al-ka-va'-la], or Alcabala, Spanish 
 impost, I. 260. 
 
 Alcazar [al-ka'-thar], I. 260. Alcazar de San 
 Juan, town, 1 c. 
 
 Alcazar (Moorish castle), of Carmona, IV. 5, 
 
 1 b; of Segovia, XIV. 753, 1 b (ill.); of 
 Seville, 791 (ill.). 
 
 Alee'do (ornithology), IX. 839, 1 b. 
 
 Al'ces , or Al'ce (zoology), VI. 538, 2 c. A. 
 Americanus, 539, 1 ab (ill.)* A. malchis, 
 540, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Alces'tis : see Admetus. 
 
 Alchemists: see Alchemy, and Chemistry, 
 IV. 357, 2 c, ff. Alchemists’ articles of 
 faith, I. 261, 2 c. 
 
 Alchemy [al'-ke-me], I. 260. Chemical terms 
 of, XII. 474, 1 c. 
 
 Alchindus [al-kin'-dus]: see Alkindi. 
 
 Alciati, Giovanni Paolo [al-cha'-te], theo¬ 
 logian, I. 262. 
 
 Alcibiades [al-se-bi'-a-deez], I. 262. See 
 Greece, VIII. 193, 1 c-195, 1 c. 
 
 Alcides [al-sl'-deez]: see Hercules. 
 
 Alcinous [al-sin'-o-us], mythical, I. 263. 
 Al'ciphron, Greek writer, I. 263. 
 
 Alcira [al-the'-ra], town, I. 263. 
 
 Alcmjs'on, legendary hero, I. 263; II. 54, 2 c. 
 
 Philosopher, I. 263, 2 b. 
 
 Alcmoeon , poet: see Alcman. 
 
 Alcm^eon'id.e, family, I. 263; II. 55, 1 a. 
 Alc'man, or Alcmieon, poet, I. 264. 
 
 Alcme'na, mythical, I. 264. 
 
 Alcock, Sir Rutherford [awl'-cock], diploma¬ 
 tist, I. 264. 
 
 Al'cohol, I. 264. Of commerce, 2 ab ; anhy^ 
 drous, 2 b ; pure, 2 c; in medicine, 265, 1 b *, 
 homologous, table of, 2 c; dehydrogenated, 
 267, 2 c; common or ethylic, VI. 144, 2 ab. 
 Conversion of it into acetic acid, VII. 143, 
 
 2 a. Hexatomic alcohols, XV. 440, 2 a; di- 
 glucosic, 2 ab; polyglucosic, 441, 1 be. 
 
 Alcoholic liquor , unknown to the ancients, VI. 
 
ALCOHOLIC 
 
 ALEXANDER 
 
 19 
 
 141, 1 c; invented by the northern barba¬ 
 rians, ib. 
 
 Alcoholic stimulants in heart disease, VIII. 
 566, 2 a. 
 
 Alcoholim'eter, or alcoholometer, VII. 653, 
 2 b; IX. 124, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Alco'na, county, I. 265. 
 
 Al'corn, county, I. 266. 
 
 Alcott [awl'-kut], Amos Bronson, educator, I. 
 266. Louisa May, 2 a. 
 
 Alcott, William Alexander, M. D., author, I. 
 266. 
 
 Alcott House, school, I. 266, 1 be. 
 
 Alco'y, town, I. 267. 
 
 Alcuin [al'-kwin], scholar, I. 267. His influ¬ 
 ence in favor of popular education, IV. 291, 
 2 a. His revision of Jerome’s version of the 
 Old Testament, II. 613, 2 b. 
 
 Alcyona'cea, polyp, XIII. 689, 2 a. 
 Alcyona'ria, polyp, XIII. 689, 2 a. 
 
 Alcy'one, star, I. 267. 
 
 Alcyone (ornithology), IX. 839, 1 b, 2 c. 
 Al'cyonoids , polyps, XIII. 689, 2 b. 
 
 Aldan', mountains, I. 267. River, 1 c. 
 Aldborough [awld'-bur-ro], town, I. 267. 
 Aldeb'aran, star, I. 267. 
 
 Aldegonde, Sainte, Philip van Marnix, baron 
 of [sa ,,g t al-duh-go" B -duh], I. 267. 
 
 Aldegraf: see Aldegrever. 
 
 Aldegrever, or Aldegraf, Heinrich [al'-deh- 
 gra-fer, -graf], painter and engraver, I. 267. 
 Al'dehyde (chemistry), I. 267; 265, 2 a. 
 Alden, John [awl'-den], one of the first settlers 
 of Plymouth colony, I. 268. 
 
 Al'denhoven, town, I. 268. 
 
 Alder [awl'-der], I. 268 (ill.). Common alder, 
 
 1 c. Turkey alder, ib. Heart-leaved alder, 
 
 2 b. 
 
 Alder fly: see Mayfly. 
 
 Alderman [awl'-], title, I. 268. 
 
 Alderney [awl'-], island, I. 268. 
 
 Alderney (or Jersey) breed of cattle , IV. 129, 
 1 c; 131, 1 a. Alderney bull (ill.), 129, 1 b. 
 Aldersiiott [awl'-], military camp of instruc¬ 
 tion, I. 269; VIII. 431, 1 a. 
 
 Ald'iielm, abbot, I. 269. 
 
 Aldine academy, XI. 134, 2 b. 
 
 Al'dine Editions, I. 269. 
 
 Aldini, Antonio, count [al-de'-ne], I. 269. Gio¬ 
 vanni, 2 c. 
 
 Aldobrandini [al-do-bran-de'-ne], noble fam¬ 
 ily, I. 269. Silvestro, 2 c. Giovanni, 270, 
 1 a. Ippolito (Clement VIII.), ib .; IV. 663, 
 1 a. Tommaso, I. 270,1 a. Cinzio Passero, 
 
 ib. Pietro, ib. Villa Aldobrandini, VII. 
 443, 2 a. 
 
 Aldrich, Thomas Bailey [awl'-dritch], poet, I. 
 270. 
 
 Aldridge, Ira (African Roscius), actor, I. 270. 
 Aldrovan'dus, Ulysses, naturalist, 1.270. Trea¬ 
 tise on reptiles, VIII. 692, 2 a; on birds, 
 XII. 704, 2 b. 
 
 Aldus, I. 269, 2 a. See Manutius. 
 
 Ale : see Beer, and Brewing. 
 
 Ale barrel, II. 336, 1 a. 
 
 Aleandro, Girolamo [a-la-an'-dro], prelate, I. 
 
 270. 
 
 Alec'to, mythical: see Eumenides. 
 
 Alec'tryomancy, a mode of divination, VI. 153, 
 2 b. 
 
 Alegambe, Philippe [al-ga ng b], Jesuit, I. 271. 
 Alehoof (ground ivy), IX. 477, 2 b. 
 
 Aleman, Mateo [4-la-man'], novelist, I. 271. 
 Aleman'ni, or Alamanni, confederate German 
 tribes, I. 271. 
 
 Alemannia, Germanic duchy, I. 271, 2 a; XV. 
 497, 1 c. 
 
 Alemannic dialect (Swabian), I. 271, 2 a. 
 Alemannicus, Caracalla’s assumed surname, I. 
 
 271, 1 c. 
 
 Alembert, Jean le Rond d’ [da-la ng -bair], math- ; 
 ematician, I. 271. 
 
 Alem'bic, distilling vessel, I. 272 (ill.). 
 Alemtejo [a-le ng -ta'-zho], province, I. 272. 
 Alenqon [a-la ng -so ng ], town, I. 272. 
 
 Alenqon, Francois, duke of: see Anjou. 
 Alep'po, city, I. 272. 
 
 Aleppo button, cutaneous disease, I. 273, 1 c. 
 Alert and Discovery, expedition of the, XIII. 
 656, 2 c. 
 
 Alesh'ki, town, I. 273. 
 
 Ale'sia, fortified town, I. 273. 
 Alessandres'ku, Gregory, poet, I. 273. 
 Alessan'dri, Basil, poet, I. 273. 
 
 Alessan'dria, province, I. 274. Capital city, 
 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Alessandrino, Cardinal [-dre'-no], XIII. 558, 2 c. 
 Aleurites trilo'ba [a-lu-ri'-teez], (botany), III. 
 699, 2 a. 
 
 Aleurone, of the wheat grain, XVI. 588, 1 b. 
 Aleutian Islands [a-lu'-slian], I. 274. 
 
 Aleuts, the, I. 275, 1 c. 
 
 Ale'wife, fish, I. 275. 
 
 Alexan'der, two counties, I. 275. 
 
 Alexander, tyrant of Pherm, XIII. 387, 1 b. 
 Alexander the Great, I. 275. Map of Alex¬ 
 ander’s conquests, 277. Results of his con¬ 
 quests, 278, 2 c, and 279, 1 a. Phalanx of, 
 
20 
 
 ALEXANDER 
 
 ALEXIS 
 
 its construction and weapons, 740, 2 c; 741, 
 1 b. His cavalry tactics, IV. 142, 1 a. 
 Alexander, name of eight popes, I. 279. 
 Alexander , bishop of Alexandria, I. 708, 2 b. 
 
 See Arius, and Athanasius. 
 
 Alexander of Egypt, XIV. 62, 2 c. Alex¬ 
 ander II., of Egypt, ib. 
 
 Alexander I., emperor of Russia, I. 280. In¬ 
 fluence of La Harpe over him, X. 106, 2 c. 
 Attracted by a French fortune-teller, 342, 
 1 b. His influence on Russian literature, 
 XIV. 497, 2 b. See XIII. 671, 2 a. 
 Alexander II., emperor of Russia, I. 283. 
 Alexander Alexandrovitch, his son, 285, 1 a. 
 Nicholas Alexandrovitch, son of the prece¬ 
 ding, ib. Alexis, grand duke, his brother, 
 visit to the United States, ib. 
 
 Alexander, name of three kings of Scotland, 
 I. 285. 
 
 Alexander, Alexander Humphreys, claimant 
 of the earldom of Stirling, I. 285. 
 Alexander, Archibald, D. D., I. 285. 
 Alexander , Brig. Gen. B. S., his plan for re¬ 
 moving Blossom rock, II. 701, 2 b. 
 Alexander, Sir James Edward, soldier and 
 writer, I. 286. 
 
 Alexander, James Waddel, D. D., I. 286. 
 Alexander, Joseph Addison, D. D., Biblical 
 scholar, I. 286. 
 
 Alexander, Ludwig Christian Georg Friedrich 
 Emil, prince, I. 286. 
 
 Alexander, Saint , pope, I. 279, 1 a. 
 Alexander, Stephen, LL. D., astronomer, I. 
 286. 
 
 Alexander, William, first earl of Stirling, I. 
 
 287. A. major general in the American 
 revolutionary army (Lord Stirling), 1 c. 
 
 Alexander of Aphrodisias, surnamed the Ex¬ 
 pounder, I. 287. 
 
 Alexander Archipelago : see Alaska. 
 Alexander Balas, king of Syria, I. 287. 
 Alexander of Hales, surnamed the Irrefraga¬ 
 ble Doctor, I. 287. 
 
 Alexander Jann^e'us, I. 288. See Hebrews, 
 VIII. 592, 2 c. 
 
 Alexander John I., prince of Roumania, I. 
 
 288. 
 
 Alexander Karageorgevitch, Servian prince, 
 I. 288. 
 
 Alexander Nevskoi, hero and saint, I. 288. 
 Order of, 289, 1 a. 
 
 Alexander Seve'rus, Roman emperor, I. 289. 
 Alexander Smith (John Adams), mutineer of 
 the ship Bounty, I. 97, 2 b. 
 
 Alexander university (Helsingfors), VIII. 627, 
 
 1 a. 
 
 Alexander VI ., pope, I. 279, 2 c. His assumed 
 authority to divide the new world among 
 Spanish and Portuguese princes, X. 222, 2 a. 
 
 Alexander VII. , pope, I. 280, 2 be. On the im¬ 
 maculate conception, IX. 194, 2 c; 195, 2 b. 
 
 Alexandra : see Cassandra. 
 
 Alexandra , adopted name of Queen Christina, 
 IV. 549, 2 b. 
 
 Alexandra , wife of Albert, prince of Wales, I. 
 252, 2 a; IV. 529, 1 c. 
 
 Alexandra lattice bridge (London), X. 592, 1 b. 
 
 Alexandra park (London), X. 597, 1 be. 
 
 Alexandre, Aaron [al-ek-sa ng dr’], chess player, 
 I. 289. 
 
 Alexandre Cesar Bombet, pseudonyme, II. 601, 
 
 2 ab. 
 
 Alexandret'ta, seaport, I. 289. 
 
 Alexandria, county, I. 289. 
 
 Alexandria, port of entry, I. 289. 
 
 Alexandria, town of Louisiana, I. 290. 
 
 Alexandria, city of Egypt, I. 290. Mehemet 
 Ali Square (ill.), ib. 
 
 A lexandria ad Issum: see Alexandretta. 
 
 Alexandrian : see Alexandrine. 
 
 Alexandrian age of Greek literature, VIII. 214, 
 2 c. 
 
 Alexandrian Codex, MS. Greek Bible, I. 291. 
 
 Alexandrian Library, I. 291. 
 
 Alexandrian ScnooL, of philosophy, I. 292. 
 
 Alexandrine [al-ex-an'-drin], or Alexandrian, 
 a poetic metre, I. 292. 
 
 Alexandrine text (of X. T.), II. 611, 2 b. 
 
 Alexandrine war (Caesar’s), allusion to, I. 290, 
 2 c. 
 
 Alexandro'pol, fortress and town, I. 292. 
 
 Alexandrov', town, I. 292. 
 
 Alexandrovna, Maria , wife of the czar Alex¬ 
 ander II., I. 284, 1 b. 
 
 Alexandrovsk', town, I. 292. 
 
 Alexei : see Alexis. 
 
 Alexians, a religious congregation, X. 587, 1 ab. 
 
 Alexian'us Bassian'us, I. 289, 1 a (Alexander 
 Severtts). 
 
 Alex'is, grand duke, visit to the United States 
 alluded to, I. 285, 1 a. 
 
 Alexis (or Alexius) I., Comnenus, emperor of 
 Trebizond, I. 292. 
 
 Alexis (or Alexius) I., Comnenus, emperor of 
 Constantinople, I. 292. His influence in ex¬ 
 citing the first crusade, 293,1 c. His agree¬ 
 ment (not kept) to furnish supplies for the 
 crusaders, III. 151, 2 c. 
 
ALEXIS 
 
 ALICANTE 
 
 21 
 
 Alexis, Wilibald: see IIaring-. 
 
 Alexisbad [a-lex'-is-bat],(IIartz), VIII. 493, 2 c. 
 
 Alexis Mikiiailovitcii, czar, I. 293. 
 
 Alexis Petrovitch, son of Peter the Great, 
 I. 294. 
 
 Alexius: see Alexis L, Comnenus, of Trebi- 
 zond, and Alexis I., Comnenus, of Constan¬ 
 tinople. 
 
 Alf] in Scandinavian mythology: see Elf (In¬ 
 dex). 
 
 Alfalfa , plant, X. 702, 2 c; 703, 2 a. 
 
 Alfani [al-fa'-ne], name of two painters, I. 294. 
 
 Alfara'bius, philosopher, I. 294, 
 
 Alfieri, Vittorio [al-fya'-re], poet, I. 294. Re¬ 
 lation to the countess of Albany, 2 c: see 
 Albany, L. M. C. H., countess of, 248, 2 c. 
 Influence upon his age and literature, IX. 
 463, 1 c. 
 
 Alfila'ria (botany), VII. 733, 2 ab. 
 
 Alfoera [al-foo'-ra]: see Haraforas. 
 
 Alfonsine astronomical tables [al-fon'-sin], I. 
 802, 1 a. 
 
 Alfon'so, several kings of Spain and Portugal, 
 I. 295. 
 
 Alfonso I., of Aragon and Navarre, I. 296. 
 
 Alfonso (the Magnanimous) V. of Aragon, 
 and I. of Naples and Sicily, I. 296. 
 
 Alfonso I., of Portugal, I. 297. Laws of Al¬ 
 fonso, 2 a. 
 
 Alfonso V., of Portugal, I. 297. 
 
 Alfonso IX., king of Leon and Castile, alluded 
 to, II. 208, 2 c. 
 
 Alford, Henry [awl'-furd], clergyman and au¬ 
 thor, I. 297. 
 
 Alfort [al-for], village, I. 298. 
 
 Alfred of Beverley: see Alured. 
 
 Alfred the Great, I. 298. 
 
 Alfred''s castle , II. 562, 1 c. 
 
 Alfs of the Eddas: see Fairies, VII. 64, 1 c. 
 
 Alfuros [al-foo'-ros], indigenous race in the In¬ 
 dian archipelago: see Ceram, IV. 208, and 
 Gilolo, VII. 813, 1 c. 
 
 Al'g^e (botany), I. 298; orders, genera, and 
 species (ills.). Kinds called flag, VII. 247, 
 2 c. How distinguished from fungi, 529, 2 a. 
 Relations with lichens and fungi, X. 410,1 b. 
 
 Algar'di, Alessandro, sculptor, I. 300. His 
 “ Repulse of Attila,” 363, 2 c (Alto-rilievo). 
 
 Algaro'bia: see Mezquite, XI. 487, 1 b. 
 
 Algarot'ti, Francesco, scholar, I. 300. 
 
 Algarovil'la, astringent substance, I. 301. 
 
 Algar've, province, I. 301. Kingdom, 1 c. 
 
 Algazza'li, Abu Ilamed Mohammed, philoso¬ 
 pher, I. 301. 
 
 Al'gebra, I. 301. Arabic improvements in, 
 625, 1 c: see Mathematics. Applied to 
 geometry, VII. 701, 2 a. Only Greek writer 
 on: see Diopiiantus. 
 
 Algeciras [Sp. al- k ha-the'-rass], seaport and 
 town, I. 302. 
 
 Alger, Francis , mineralogist, XI. 591, 1 a. 
 Al'ger, Horatio, jr., author, I. 302. 
 
 Alger, William Rounseville, clergyman and 
 author, I. 302. 
 
 Alger'ba, a noted double star, I. 302. 
 Alge'ria, I. 302 ; 169, 2 c. Map, 303. French 
 invasion of: see Abd-el-Kader, 13, 2 a. 
 Algerine corsairs [al-je-reen'J, origin of, I. 305, 
 2 b. 
 
 Algiiero [al-ga'-ro], or Algheri, seaport town, 
 I. 307. 
 
 Algiers [al-jeers'], I. 307. Algiers from the 
 parade ground (ill.), ib. 
 
 Algo'a Bay, Africa, I. 308. 
 
 Algo'ma, Canada, I. 308. 
 
 Algonquins [al-gon'-kins], Indian tribes, I. 308; 
 
 XII. 503, 1 c. Their languages, 408, 1 b-2 a. 
 Alguazil, or Alguacil [al-gwa-theel'], Spanish 
 officer of the law, I. 309. 
 
 Alhama [a-la'-ma], name of several towns, I. 
 309. 
 
 Alhamar, king of Granada, I. 296, 1 a. 
 Aliiam'bra, suburb of Granada, I. 309. The 
 Alhambra, Moorish palace, 1 c (ill.); in¬ 
 terior of (ill.), 310 ; drawings of, IX. 679, 2 b. 
 Al-Hassan ibn Mohammed: see Leo Afri- 
 canus. 
 
 Alhidade: see Alidade (Index). 
 
 Alhondega [a-lone'-da-ga], Mexico, I. 310. 
 Battle of, ib. 
 
 Ali [a'-le], pasha of Janina, I. 310. His exe¬ 
 cution, 311, 1 c. Character as a ruler, ib. 
 Ali (Ali ben Abu Taleb), caliph, I. 311. 
 Aliaga, Luis de [a-le-a'-ga], II. 159, 2 c (Ave- 
 llaneda). . 
 
 Aliaska [al-yas'-ka], peninsula of, I. 240, 2 c. 
 Alibafd, Louis [a-le-bo], political-fanatic, I. 
 311. 
 
 Ali ben Yusuf [a'-le ben yoo'-soof], Moorish 
 chief, I. 296, 1 c. 
 
 Alibert, Jean Louis [a-le-bair], physician, I. 
 
 311. 
 
 Ali Bey [a'-le ba], chief of the Mamelukes, I. 
 
 312. 
 
 Ali Bey, traveller: see Badia y Leblicii. 
 Alica, cracked grain, III. 661, 1 be. 
 
 Alicante [a-le-kan'-ta], province, I. 312. Capi¬ 
 tal, 2 a (ill.). 
 
22 
 
 ALICATA 
 
 ALLEN 
 
 Alicata : see Licata. 
 
 Al'iclade , or alliidade, surveying instrument, 
 IY. 760, 2 a; XY. 490, 1 c. 
 
 Alien [a'-lyen], in nationality, I. 312. 
 
 Alien and sedition laws, XYI. 162, 1 c. Op¬ 
 position to, ib. ; I. 93, 1 a ; IX. 594, 1 b ; X. 
 824,2 b; XI. 201, 1 a. 
 
 Alighieri, Dante degli [da-lye a-le-ghe-a'-re]: 
 see Dante. 
 
 Alighur', or Allygurh, district, I. 314. Fort, 2 a. 
 
 Alignments, in prehistoric monuments, YII. 
 198, 2 a. 
 
 Aliides [a'-le-idz], caliphs, III. 617, 1 c. 
 
 Al'iment, or Food, I. 314 ; IX. 131, 1 be. 
 
 Alimen'tary Canal, I. 317 (ills.). 
 
 Alimen'tus, Lucius Cincius, historian and 
 jurist, I. 318. 
 
 Al'imony, in law, I. 319. 
 
 Ali Pasha [a'-le pa-sha']: see Ali, pasha of 
 Janina, I. 310. Allusion to, 244, 2 c. 
 
 Alise Ste. Peine [a-leez sa ng t rain], battle field 
 of Alesia, 1. 273, 2 b. 
 
 Al'ison, Archibald, clergyman and author, I. 
 320. 
 
 Alison, Sir Archibald, Bart., historian, I. 320. 
 His “ Principles of Population, ”XIII. 670,2 a. 
 
 Alison, Dr., his theory of inflammation, IX. 
 276, 1 a. 
 
 Alizari [a-le'-za-re], plant, I. 321, 1 a. 
 
 Alizarine [a-liz'-a-rin], I. 321. Artificial, 2 b. 
 
 Al'kali, I. 322. Alkaline earths, 1 b ; anhy¬ 
 drous alkalies, ib. 
 
 Alkalim'eter, I. 322, 1 c; XIII. 758, 1 ab. 
 
 Alkalim'etry, I. 322 ; XIII. 758, 1 a. 
 
 Alkaline earths, tannates of, their solubility in 
 water, YII. 584, l.b. 
 
 Alkaline -flats, Nevada, XII. 264, 1 c. 
 
 Al'kaloid, I. 322. Tannates of alkaloids, their 
 solubility in water, YII. 584, 1 b. 
 
 Alkana [al-ka'-na]; see Henna. 
 
 Al'kanet, plant, true and false, I. 322. 
 
 Alkarsine [al-kar'-sin], (chemistry), IX. 733, 
 2 b. 
 
 Alkeken'gi, plant, XIII. 481, 1 c; yellow, 1 b; 
 purple, 2 a. 
 
 Alkin'di, or Alcliindus, physician and philoso¬ 
 pher, I. 322. 
 
 Alkmaar [alk'-mar], fortified town, I. 322. 
 
 Alkmaar, Heinrich von, poet, I. 323. 
 
 Alkoran : see Koran. 
 
 Allah, Mohammedan name of the Supreme 
 Being, I. 323. Allah akbar, battle cry, 1 c. 
 Allah abad, Moslem name of a sacred town, 
 2 a. 
 
 Allahabad', province, I. 323. District, 1 c. 
 Town, ib. 
 
 Allamakee', county, I. 323. 
 
 Allamand, Jean Nicolas Sebastien [al-la, 
 ma ng ], naturalist, I. 323. 
 
 Allamanda, shrub, I. 323, 2 c. 
 
 Allan, David, painter and engraver, I. 323. 
 Allan, Sir William, historical painter, I. 324. 
 Allan-Kardec, Hippolyte L6on Denizard, 
 spiritualist, I. 324. 
 
 Allan'tois, YI. 563, 2 be; 564, 1 b, 2 a. 
 Allard, Jean Francois [al-lar], soldier, I. 324. 
 Al'lardice, Bobert Barclay: see Barclay. 
 Alla ud-Din [-deen'], general, IX. 207, 2 c. 
 Allayed (in alchemy) : see Alloy, I. 335, 
 
 1 b. 
 
 Al'legan, county, I. 324. 
 
 Allega'ny, two counties, I. 324. 
 
 Allegation of faculties , in law, I. 320, 1 c. 
 Alleqhanies: see Appalachian Mountains, I. 
 589. 
 
 Alleghany, two counties, I. 324. 
 
 Alleghany College : see Meadville. 
 Alleghany Mountains : see Appalachian 
 Mountains. 
 
 Alleghany River, I. 325. 
 
 Allegheny [al-le-ga'-ne], county, I. 325. 
 Allegheny City, I. 325. 
 
 Alle'giance, I. 325. English common law, 
 326,1 b. French code, 1 c. Naturalization, 
 
 2 a. Doctrine of the United States, 2 c. 
 Allegri, Antonio [al-la'-gre]: see Correggio. 
 Allegri, Gregorio, ecclesiastic and composer, 
 
 I. 327. 
 
 Alleine, or Allein, Joseph [al'-len], I. 327. 
 Richard, 2 c. 
 
 Allemand, Zacharie Jacques Theodore [al- 
 ma ng ], count, and vice admiral, I. 328. 
 Allen, four counties, I. 328. 
 
 Allen, Bog of: see Bog. 
 
 Allen, Ethan, revolutionary partisan, I. 328. 
 Allen, Ira, revolutionary soldier, Yermont sec¬ 
 retary of state, &c., I. 329. 
 
 Allen, Joseph W., landscape painter, I. 329. 
 Allen, Paul, editor and author, I. 329. 
 
 Allen, Samuel, acting governor of New Hamp¬ 
 shire, I. 329. 
 
 Allen, Solomon, major in the revolutionary 
 army, I. 329. 
 
 Allen, Thomas, clergyman, and chaplain in 
 the revolutionary war, I. 330. 
 
 Allen, William, D. D., president of Bowdoin 
 college, I. 330. 
 
 Allen, William, chemist, I. 330. 
 
ALLEN 
 
 ALMERIA 
 
 23 
 
 Allen , William, cardinal and archbishop, found¬ 
 er of Douay college: see Alan. 
 
 Allen, William Henry, naval officer, I. 330. 
 Allen, William Henry, LL. D., scholar and 
 educator, I. 330. (Died 1876.) 
 
 Allende, Jose [a-lyain'-tf/iS], Spanish army offi¬ 
 cer, I. 331. 
 
 Allentown, town of Pennsylvania, I. 331. 
 Al'lestree, or Allestrey, Richard, English di¬ 
 vine, I. 331. 
 
 Allestrey: see Allestree. 
 
 Alleyn, Edward [al'-len], actor, I. 331. 
 
 All Fools' Day , I. 606, 2 a. 
 
 All-Fours', game, I. 331. 
 
 Allgaier, Johann [al'-ghi-er], chess player, I. 
 
 331. Allgaier gambit, ib ., and IV. 386, 2 b. 
 All Hallows : see All Saints 1 Day. 
 Allia’ceous (odor), VII. 624, 2 b. 
 
 Alli'ance of intervention: see Juarez, Benito 
 Pablo, IX. 697, 2 c. 
 
 Al'libone, Samuel Austin, LL. D., author, I. 
 331. 
 
 Allier [a-lya], department, I. 332. 
 
 Al'ligator, I. 332. Properly so called, 333, 
 
 1 a; of Guiana and Surinam (cayman), 1 c; 
 of Brazil, ib. ; of all tropical America (ja- 
 car6), ib. (ill.)* 
 
 Alligator cooter (turtle), XV. 131, 2 b. 
 Alligator garfish , VII. 622, 1 b. 
 
 Alligator leather , X. 276, 2 b. 
 
 Al'lingham, William, poet, I. 333. 
 
 Allium (botany), XII. 630, 1 c. A. cepa, 2 a. 
 A. fistulosum, 631, 2 a. A. schoenoprasum, 
 ib. (ill.). A. sativum, VII. 624, 2 a. A. vi- 
 neale, 2 c. A. moly, ib. A. porrum, X. 312, 
 
 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Al'lix, Pierre, French Protestant divine, 1.333. 
 Al'loa, seaport town, I. 334. 
 
 Allobroges [al-lob'-ro-jeez], Gallic people, I. 
 334. 
 
 Alio'dial (tenure), XV. 654, 2 a. Allodial pro¬ 
 prietors, VII. 160, 2 b (Feudal System). 
 Allodialists , independent proprietors, VII. 160, 
 2 b. 
 
 Allo'dium, in law, 1.334. See Feudal System, 
 VII. 160, 2 be. 
 
 Al'lom, Thomas, architect and landscape paint¬ 
 er, I. 334. 
 
 Allomakee' : see Allamakee. 
 
 Allop'athy, in medicine, I. 334. 
 
 Allo'ri, Alessandro, painter, I. 334. Cristo- 
 fano, 2 b. 
 
 Allot'bopism, I. 334; II. 86, 2 a; IX. 433, 
 1 c. See Chemistry, IV. 370, 2 a. 
 
 Allouez, Claude Jean [al-wa], Jesuit explorer, 
 1. 335. 
 
 Alloy', I. 335. Specific gravity, I. 335, 2 a; 
 Van der Weyde’s rule for finding it, 336, 
 2 b. Fusibility, 335, 2 b; fusible at lowest 
 temperature, ib. Conducting power of heat 
 and electricity, 2 c. Fragility,^. Cohesion, 
 ib. Color, ib. Use of alloys in steam boil¬ 
 ers, 336, 2 c; as electrical tests, 337, 1 a. 
 
 Alloys of lead , X. 263, 2 a. 
 
 All Saints’ Bay, or Bahia de Todos Santos, 
 I. 337. 
 
 All Saints' church (London), X. 598, 2 b. 
 
 All Saints’ Day, festival, I. 337. 
 
 All Souls, in the church calendar, I. 337. 
 
 All'spice, or Jamaica Pepper, I. 337 (ill.). 
 
 All'ston, Washington, painter, I. 337. 
 
 Allu'vium, deposits by running streams, I. 
 338. 
 
 Allygurh : see Alighur. 
 
 Allyle [al'-lil], chemical radical, VII. 624, 2 be. 
 
 Allyn , William , cardinal and archbishop, found¬ 
 er of Douay college: see Alan. 
 
 Alma, river, I. 340. Battle of the, 1 a. 
 
 Almacks [awl'-maksl, assembly rooms, I. 340; 
 X. 595, 1 be. 
 
 Almaden, or Almaden del Azogue [al-ma- 
 £/iain' £Aail a-tho'-ga], Spanish town, I. 340. 
 
 Almadenejos [al-ma-^a-na'- k hoce], or Little Al¬ 
 maden, quicksilver mine, I. 340, 2 b. 
 
 Al'magest, I. 340; II. 43, 1 c, and 44 2 b. See 
 Ptolemy, XIV. 64, 2 a. 
 
 Almagro [al-ma'-gro], city, I. 340. 
 
 Almagro, Diego de, I. 340. His son, 341, 1 b. 
 
 Almahah , lunar goddess, XII. 117, 2 a. 
 
 Almali, or Elmalu [al-ma-le', el-ma-loo'], city, 
 I. 341. 
 
 Al-Mamoun, Abu Abbas Abdallah [al-ma- 
 moon'], caliph, I. 341. 
 
 Almamy , an elective African sovereign, VII. 
 309, 2 c. 
 
 Almanac [awl'-ma-nak], I. 341. 
 
 Al'mandine ruby , XV. 271, 2 b (Spinel). See 
 Garnet, VII. 625, 1 b. 
 
 Al-Mansour, Abu Jaffar Abdallah [al-man- 
 soor'], caliph, I. 342. 
 
 Al'maric, or Amalric of Bene, or Amaury of 
 Chartres, theologian and philosopher, I. 343. 
 
 ALMEn [al'-ma], Egyptian singer and dancer, 
 I. 343. 
 
 Almeida [al-ma'-e-da], fortified town, I. 343. 
 
 Almeida, Francisco de, viceroy, I. 343. 
 
 AlmerIa [al-ma-re'-a], province, I. 343. Capi¬ 
 tal city, 2 c. 
 
ALMODOVAR 
 
 2L 
 
 Almodo'var, Ildefonso Diaz de Ribera, count 
 of, statesman, I. 343. 
 
 Almoiiades [al'-mo-hads], Moslem dynasty, I. 
 344. See 305, 1 c. 
 
 Al'mon, John, political writer, I. 344. 
 
 Almond [am'-und], plant, I. 344 (ill.). 
 
 Almonde, Philippus van [al-mon'-deh], vice 
 admiral, I. 345. 
 
 Almond paste, powdered, XIII. 290, 2 a. 
 
 Almonds, bitter, artificial oil of, II. 546, 1 be ; 
 XIII. 289, 1 b (nitro-benzole). 
 
 Al'moner, I. 345. Lord high almoner, 1 c. 
 Grand almoner (hereditary), ib . Grand au- 
 monier, ib. 
 
 Almonte, Juan Nepomuceno [al-mone'-ta], 
 general and diplomatist, I. 345. 
 
 Almo'ea, town, I. 345. 
 
 Almoeavides [al-mo'-ra-vids], Moslem dynasty, 
 I. 345. Allusion to, 295, 2 b. 
 
 Almos, Magyar leader, I. 763, 1 b ; IX. 55, 2 a. 
 
 Al-Motassem, caliph, I. 341, 2 a. 
 
 Almquist, Karl Jonas Ludwig [alm'-kwist], 
 Swedish author, I. 345. 
 
 Almug (sandal wood), VIII. 73, 2 a. 
 
 Almy, William, philanthropist, I. 346. 
 
 Alnus (botany), I. 268, 1 be (ill.). Species of, 
 ib. 
 
 Alnwick [an'-ik], town, I. 346. Alnwick cas¬ 
 tle, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Alo'a (sea grass), XVI. 733, 1 ab. 
 
 Aloe [al'-o ; Lat. aloe, al'-o-e], plant, I. 346. 
 
 Aloe, American : see Agave. 
 
 Aloes, inspissated juice of aloe leaves, I. 346. 
 Lign aloes, 347, 1 b. 
 
 Alo'id.e, mythical, I. 347. 
 
 Alonibrados [a-lome-bra'-^oce], sect of mys¬ 
 tics: see Illuminati, IX. 193, 1 be. 
 
 Alom'pea, founder of a Burman dynasty, I. 
 347. 
 
 Alonso, or Alonzo : see Alfonso, I. 295, 2 a. 
 
 Alopeci'idae (ichthyology), XIV. 829, 1 be. 
 
 Alopecu'rus praten'sis (botany), VIII. 168, 1 c. 
 
 Alo’pias vul'pes (ichthyology), XIV. 829, 1 c 
 (ilk). 
 
 Aloque wine [a-lo'-ka], I. 312, 2 a. 
 
 Alo'sa (ichthyology), VIII. 696, 2 b. A. ty- 
 rannus, I. 275, 1 c; XI. 388, 2 b. A. men¬ 
 haden, ib. (ill.); XIV. 631, 2 b. A. pil- 
 chardus, XIII. 513, 2 a (ill.); XIV. 807, 1 
 
 , a. A. prsestabilis, 1 b (ill.). See Sardine. 
 
 Alost, or Aelst [a'-lost, alst], town, I. 347. 
 
 Aloys, prince, X. 416, 1 c. 
 
 Aloy'sia citriodo'ra (botany), XVI. 308, 2 a. 
 
 Aloysius, St.: see Gonzaga, Luigi. 
 
 ALSACE 
 
 Alpaca [al-pa'.-ka], species of llama, I. 347 (ill.); 
 X. 553, 2 b. 
 
 Alpargates [al-par'-ga-teez], sandals, VI. 728, 
 2 b. 
 
 Alp Arslan', sultan, I. 347. 
 
 Alpe'na, county, I. 348. 
 
 Alpes, Basses and Hautes: see Basses-Alpes, 
 and Hautes-Alpes. 
 
 Alpes-Maeitimes [alp-ma-re-teem], depart¬ 
 ment, I. 348. 
 
 Al'pha and Ome'ga, as thrice used in the book 
 of Revelation, I. 348. 
 
 Al'phabet, I. 348 (ill.). See Writing. 
 
 Alphabet, BataJc, II. 379, 1 b. 
 
 Alphabet, Cyrillic: see Cyril and Methodius, 
 V. 620, 1 ab, and Slavic Race and Lan¬ 
 guages, XV. 104, 1 ab. 
 
 Alphabet, Ionic, first use of in public records, 
 VIII. 195, 2 a. 
 
 Alphabet, manual: see Deaf and Dumb, V. 
 739 and 740. 
 
 Alphabet, Phoenician, XIII. 455, 2 c (ill., 456); 
 Heo-Punic, 1 a. 
 
 Alphabet, phonographic, XIII. 459. 
 
 Alphabet, physiological, Max Muller’s, XIII. 
 458; Whitney’s, ib. 
 
 Alphabet, universal, scheme of by Leibnitz, X. 
 323, 2 b. 
 
 Alphabets, collection of, and numerous speci¬ 
 mens of: see Bodoni, II. 773, 2 c. 
 
 Alpiie'us, river, I. 351. 
 
 Alphonso: see Alfonso. 
 
 Al'pine, county, I. 351. 
 
 Alpine antelope, IV. 244, 1 c. 
 
 Alpine birch, II. 648, 1 b. 
 
 Alpine tunnel (Mont Cenis), IV. 190, 1 a. 
 
 Alpinia galanga (botany), VII. 556, 1 b. 
 
 Alps, I. 351. Maritime, 2 b; Ligurian, ib. ; 
 Upper Maritime, ib. ; Cottian, 2 c; Graian, 
 ib. ; Pennine, ib. ; Lepontine, or Helvetian, 
 352,1 a. Description : average height, 351, 
 2 b ; line of permanent snow, 352, 1 c ; gla¬ 
 ciers, 2 a; Mer de Glace, 2 b; whirlwinds, 
 ib. ; optical illusions, 2 c; geological struc¬ 
 ture, ib. ; flora, 353, 2 b; animals, 2 c ; roads, 
 354, 1 b-355, 1 a. Hannibal’s route, VIII. 
 442, 2 ab. 
 
 Alp-Teghin [alp-tSh-gheen'], founder of the 
 Ghuznevide dynasty, VII. 793, 2 b. 
 
 Alpujarras, or Alpuxarras [al-poo- k har'-rass], 
 mountainous region, I. 355. 
 
 Airoy'{Airui), pretended Messiah, VIII.597, 2 a. 
 
 Alsace [al-sass], province, I. 355. Map, 356. 
 
 Alsace gum, VI. 65, 1 c. 
 
ALSACE-LORRAINE 
 
 ALVAR 
 
 25 
 
 Alsace-Lorraine, I. 35G (map). 
 
 Alsen [al'-zen], Baltic island, I. 357. 
 
 Al-Sirat [ul-se-rat'j, Mohammedan bridge over 
 hell, XI. 698, 1 b. 
 
 Alsoph'ila excelsa (botany), VII. 151, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Alsted, Johann Heinrich [al'-stet], German 
 Protestant divine and author, I. 357. 
 
 Alston, John [awl'-stun], benefactor of the 
 blind, I. 357. 
 
 Alstromer, Jonas [al'-stro-mer], I. 357. Klas, 
 botanist, 2 c. 
 
 Alstromer lily , or inca, I. 358, 1 a. 
 
 Altai [al-tl'], mountain range, I. 358. 
 
 Altamaha [al-ta-ma-haw'j, river, I. 359. 
 
 Altamira de Cdceres [al-ta-mS'-ra da ka'-sa- 
 race]: see Barinas, II. 312, 1 b. 
 
 Altamura [al-ta-moo'-ra], town, I. 359. 
 
 Altar [awl'-tar], for religious sacrifices and 
 offerings, I. 359. 
 
 Alt'dorf, or Altorf, town, I. 360. 
 
 Alt'dorfer, Albrecht, painter and engraver, 
 I. 360. 
 
 Altena [al'-teh-na], town, I. 360. 
 
 Altenburg, or Saxe-Altenburg [sax-al'-ten- 
 boorg], sovereign duchy, I. 360. 
 
 Alten-Oetting [al'-ten-dt'-ting], or Alt-Oet- 
 ting, town, I. 360. 
 
 Altenstein [al'-ten-stine], mountain castle, I. 
 360. 
 
 Altenstein, Karl, baron, I. 361. 
 
 Alteratives [awl'-ter-a-tivz], medicine, I. 361. 
 
 Alternat [al-tair-na], in international law, X. 
 225, 2 a. 
 
 Alter'nate Generation : see Jelly Fish. 
 
 AltiWa, genus of plants, I. 361. A. officinalis, 
 2 b. A. rosea: see Hollyhock. Shrubby 
 altluea (A. frutex), VIII. 714, 1 a. 
 
 AVtham , Lord , I. 534, 1 a. 
 
 Althen, Ehan [al-ta ng ], a Persian, benefactor 
 of the French people, I. 361. He asked for 
 bread, and they gave him a stone, 362, 1 a. 
 
 Althing [al'-ting], (Iceland), IX. 152, 2 c; 
 153, 2 a. 
 
 Althis Anna (ornithology), IX. 50, 2 b (ill). 
 
 Althobp, Viscount: see Spencer, XV. 258,1 b. 
 
 Altieri , Emilio [al-te-a'-re], (Clement X.), IV. 
 663, 1 b. 
 
 Altis, sacred grove, XII. 623, 1 b. 
 
 Al'titude, I. 362. 
 
 Altkirch [alt'-keer c h], town, I. 362. 
 
 AltmarJc , a former district of Saxony, III. 209, 
 2 ab. 
 
 Altmish , one of the “slave kings,” IX. 207, 
 2 be. 
 
 Alt'muhl, river, I. 362. 
 
 Alto Amazonas , river, I. 380, 2 a. 
 
 Alt-Oetting : see Alten-Oetting. 
 
 Alto Grande [al'-to gran'-da], mountain range, 
 V. 345, 1 b. 
 
 Alton [awl'-tun], city, I. 362. 
 
 Alton [al'-tun], family, I. 362. Richard, count 
 d’, 2 c. Edward, count d’, ib. Johann Wil¬ 
 helm, naturalist, 363, 1 a. Johann Samuel 
 Eduard, scientist, 1 b. 
 
 Altona [al'-to-na], city, I. 363. 
 
 Alton College: see Shurtleff College. 
 
 Altoo'na, city, I. 363. 
 
 Al'torf, or Altdorf, town, I. 363. 
 
 Alto-Rilievo [al'-to-re-lya'-vo], in sculpture, I. 
 363; XIV. 715, 1 c. 
 
 Alt-Pilsen [alt-pil'-zen], village, XIII. 517, 2 ab. 
 
 Altsohl [alt'-zole], a line of the Esterhazy fam¬ 
 ily, VI. 740, 1 c. 
 
 Altu'ras, county, I. 363. 
 
 Alu'citce , moths, XI. 870, 2 b. 
 
 Al'um, I. 363. Manufacture of, 364, 1 b-366, 
 1 a. Use in medicine and the arts, 366, 
 1 a-2 a; in adulterating bread, lard, &c., ib .; 
 in baker’s bread, 133, 1 b. 
 
 Alumbrados [a-loom-bra'-^oce]: see Illumi¬ 
 nati. 
 
 Alum calce , 1. 365, 2 b; 369, 1 a. 
 
 Alum curd , VI. 451, 2 a. 
 
 Alum-Geer [a-loom-gheer'], title, II. 125, 2 a. 
 
 Alu'mina, I. 366. Preparation of, 2 c. Prop¬ 
 erties of, 367, 1 a. Silicate of (pure clay), 
 IV. 649, 1 b. Sulphates of, XV. 453, 2 b. 
 
 Aluminates, I. 367, 1 b. 
 
 Alumin'ium: see Aluminum. 
 
 Alu'minous schist , I. 364, 2 be. Manufacture 
 of alum from, 365,1 a. 
 
 Alu'minum, or Alumin'ium, a metallic base, I. 
 367. Properties of, 368, 2 a. Salts of, 2 c. 
 
 Aluminum bronze , I. 368, 2 c; V. 320, 1 a. 
 
 Alum'nat , I. 369, 1 b (bis). 
 
 Alum'nus, I. 369. 
 
 Alum-root , plant, VII. 731, 2 b. 
 
 Al'unite , or alum stone, mineral, I. 364, 1 a. 
 
 Alunno, Nicolb [a-loon'-no], painter, I. 369. 
 
 Alu'nogen (mineralogy), XV. 453, 2 b. 
 
 Al'ured, Aired, or Alfred of Beverley, histo¬ 
 rian, I. 369. 
 
 Alu'ta, Alt or Olt, river, I. 369. 
 
 Alva, or Alba, Fernando Alvarez do Toledo, 
 duke of, Spanish general and statesman, and 
 bloodthirsty military ruler, I. 369. 
 
 Alvar', Alwur', or Machery, state, I. 371. 
 Capital, 1 c. 
 
26 
 
 ALVARADO 
 
 AMAZON 
 
 Alvarado [al-va-ra'-^Ao], river and town, I. 
 371. 
 
 Alvarado, Pedro de, Spanish adventurer, I. 
 
 371. 
 
 Alvarez, Francisco [al'-va-ress], traveller, I. 
 
 372. 
 
 Alvarez, Juan, Mexican general, I. 372. 
 Alveus [al'-ve-us], in ancient baths, II. 383, 
 
 1 c. 
 
 Alvinczy, Joseph, baron [ol'-vin-tse], field 
 marshal, I. 372. 
 
 Alwur : see Alvar. 
 
 Alxinger, Johann Baptist von [alx'-ing-er], 
 poet, I. 372. 
 
 Alytes [a-ll'-teez], genus of toads, XV. 778, 
 
 2 c. 
 
 Alzey [al-tsl'], town, I. 372. 
 
 Amade'us, name of counts of Savoy, I. 373. 
 Amadeus V., 1 a. Amadeus VIII., 1 b; 
 elected pope (Felix V.), 1 c, and II. 359,1 b. 
 Amadeus I. (Amadeo Ferdinando Maria), king 
 of Spain, I. 373. Referred to, XIV. 779, 1 b. 
 Abdication of, I. 15, 1 b. 
 
 Amadi'na (ornithology), VII. 190, 1 c. A. 
 oryzivora, 2 a. 
 
 Am'adis of Gaul, mythical hero, I. 373. 
 Amador', county, I. 373. 
 
 Amadou [am-a-doo'], tinder, I. 173, 1 c. 
 Amaho'sa , Catfre tribe, III. 547, 1 c. 
 Amakuhi: see Amaxichi. 
 
 Amal'aric, last Visigoth king of Spain, I. 373. 
 Amalason'tiia, or Amalasuintha, daughter of 
 Theodoric the Great, and regent of Italy, I. 
 373; IX. 727, 2 c. 
 
 Amalasuintha: see Amalasontha. 
 Amal'ekites, Bedouin tribe of ancient Pales¬ 
 tine, I. 374. 
 
 Amalfi [a-mal'-fe], city and seaport, I. 374 
 (ill.). 
 
 Amal'gam, I. 374. Of mercury and ammonium, 
 428, 2 c. 
 
 Amalgam , electric , VI. 505, 1 c. 
 Amalgamation, for extracting minerals from 
 ores, I. 375. 
 
 Am'ali: see Amals. 
 
 Amalia, Anna [a-ma'-le-a], duchess of Saxe- 
 Weimar, I. 375. 
 
 Amalie, Marie Friederike [a-ma'-le-Sh], queen 
 of Greece, I. 375. (Died 1875.) 
 
 Amalie, Marie Friederike Auguste, duchess, 
 dramatist, I. 376. 
 
 Amalie Ilerter , pseudonyme: see Amalie, 
 Marie Friederike Auguste. 
 
 Am'als, or Am'ali, Gothic royal family, I. 370. 
 
 Amalth^e'a, mythical, I. 376. Horn of, V. 369, 
 1 a. 
 
 Amana communists [a-ma'-na], XV. 140, 2 a. 
 Aman'dus , Brother: see Suso, Heinrich. 
 Amandus , self-styled emperor, II. 215, 1 a. 
 Ama'nus, mountain range, I. 376. 
 
 Amaponda , or Mambookis, Cafire tribe, III. 
 547, 1 c. 
 
 Amar, J. P. Andre [a-mar], French revolution¬ 
 ist, I. 376. 
 
 Am'aranth, plant, I. 376. Love-lies-bleeding 
 (ill.), and other species. 
 
 Amaranths , globe , IX. 196, 2 c. 
 
 Amaran'tus (botany), I. 376, 2 ab. A. cauda- 
 tus, 2 b (ill.), and other species. A. blitum, 
 untouched by the locust, XIV. 373, 2 a. 
 Amarapura, or Ummerapura [-poo'-ra], city, I. 
 377. 
 
 Amaryl'lis belladonna (botany), II. 501, 1 a. 
 
 A. formosissima, IX. 498, 1 ab (ill.). 
 
 Amasia, Amasieh, or Amasiyah [a-ma'-se-a, 
 -se-eh, -se-ya], city, I. 377. 
 
 Amasieh : see Amasia. 
 
 Ama'sis, or Amosis, two Egyptian kings, I. 
 377. 
 
 Amasis , king of Egypt, referred to, XIII. 686, 
 1 b. 
 
 Amasiyah : see Amasia. 
 
 Amatemba , or Tambookis, Cafire tribe, III. 
 547, 1 c. 
 
 Amati [a-ma'-te], family, I. 377. Andrea, 2 a. 
 Nicold, 2 b. Antonio, ib. Geronimo, 2 c. 
 Nicolo, ib. 
 
 11 Amatis, grand” XVI. 365, 1 ab. 
 
 Amatitlan', town, I. 378. 
 
 Ama'tus Lusita'nus, physician, I. 378. 
 Amauro'sis, affection of the eye, I. 378. 
 Amaury [a-mo-re], or Amalric, two kings of 
 Jerusalem, I. 378. 
 
 Amaury of Chartres : see Almario of 
 Bi:ne. 
 
 AMAxicni, or Amakuki [am-ax-e'-ke, am-a-koo'- 
 ke], seaport, I. 378. 
 
 Amazi'ah, king of Judah: see Hebrews, VIII. 
 588, 2 c. 
 
 Amazirghs [a-ma-zeergs'], II. 549, 2 be (Ber¬ 
 bers). Referred to, X. 406, 1 b. 
 
 Am'azon, or Amazons, river, I. 378. Discov¬ 
 ered, 380, 2 a. First navigated, XII. 686, 2 a. 
 Periodical inundations, I. 379, 2 a. The bore, 
 description of, 2 b. Back channels, 2 c. 
 Temperature, id. Valley of the Amazon, 
 ib. Amazon navigation company, 380, 1 c. 
 Origin of the name, 2 a. 
 
AMAZON 
 
 AMERICAN 
 
 M Amazon of the Revolution ,” female French 
 revolutionist, XV. 701, 1 ab. 
 
 Amazo'nas, province of Brazil, I. 380. De¬ 
 partment of Peru, 2 b. 
 
 Amazonia, supposed country of the fabled 
 Amazons in South America, I. 380. 
 Am'azons, race of martial women, I. 380. A 
 nation of fabled modern female warriors, 
 380, 2 a. 
 
 Amazons , king of Dahomey’s guard, V. 636, 2 
 b ; I. 27, 1 c (Abomey). 
 
 Amazooloos : see Zooloos. 
 
 Ambassador, or Embassador, I. 381. 
 
 Ambati [am-ba'-te], Feejee priest, VII. 112, 2 a. 
 Am'ber, I. 381. Early knowledge of its electric 
 power, 382, 2 b; VI. 500, 2 ab. False amber, 
 I. 382, 2 b. 
 
 Amberg [am'-bairg], town, I. 382. 
 
 Amberger, Christoph [am-bair'-gher], painter, 
 I. 383. 
 
 Ambergris [am'-ber-greece], perfume, I. 383; 
 XIII. 289, 1 b. 
 
 Ambigu'ity, latent , in law, VII. 8, 1 c. 
 Ambi'orix, Gallic chief, I. 383. 
 
 Ambleteuse [a ng -bliih-tuz], decayed seaport, I. 
 383. 
 
 Amblyop'sis (ichthyology), II. 722, 2 c. A. 
 spelseus, 2 ab (ill.); V. 177, 1 ab, 179, 2 ab. 
 See Crawfish, V. 464, 2 c, and Fishes, blind 
 (Index). 
 
 Aniblyrhyn'chus , lizard, VII. 557, 1 be. A. 
 
 cristatus, ib. A. Demarlii, 1 c. 
 
 Amblys'toma (zoology), II. 166, 2 c, ff.; XIV. 
 558, 1 c. 
 
 Ambo , or ambon, reading desk, XIII. 245, 1 a. 
 
 Its place in ancient churches, IV. 566, 2 b. 
 Amboise [a ng -bwaz], town, I. 383. Conspiracy 
 of, 1 a, and IX. 37, 1 c. 
 
 Amboise, George d’, cardinal and statesman, I. 
 
 383. 
 
 Amboy'na, or Amboina, island, I. 383. Capital, 
 
 384, 1 b. 
 
 Amboyna wood, IV. 208, 2 a. 
 
 Ambra'cia, ancient town, I. 384. 
 
 Ambracian gulf I. 384, 2 a. 
 
 Ambreine [am'-bre-in], I. 383, 1 b (Ambergris). 
 Am'brister , British subject, tried and executed 
 by order of Andrew Jackson, IX. 491, 1 c. 
 Ambriz [am-breez'], a division of Angola, 1.384. 
 Ambrogiotto: see Giotto. 
 
 Ambro'nes, a nation of Gaul, I. 384. 
 
 Am'brose, Saint, I. 384. As a writer, X. 200, 
 1 c. Monachism encouraged by him, XI. 
 729, 2 ab. 
 
 Ambro'sia, mythical, I. 385. 
 
 Ambrosian Chant, I. 385. 
 
 Ambrosian Library, I. 385. 
 
 Ambrosian rite, the , X. 535, 1 be. 
 
 Ambrosians , religious order, II. 318, 2 c. 
 Ambrosius: see Ambrose. 
 
 Am'brotype , XIII. 470, 2 b (Photography). 
 Am'bulance, I. 386. 
 
 Ambulatory , legal term, VII. 805, 2 be. 
 Ambulatory schools , in Sweden, VI. 420, 1 c. 
 Ameer, title, XV. 64, 2 c. 
 
 Ameiva [a-ma'-va], lizard, X. 551, 2 ab. 
 Ame'lia, county, I. 386. 
 
 Amelia, princess, effect of her death on the 
 mind of King George III., VII. 709, 1 b. 
 Amelia, pseudonyme: see Welby. 
 
 Amelot de la Houssaye, Abraham Nicolas 
 [am-lo duh la oos-sa], author, I. 386. 
 Amelotte, Denis [am-lut], French writer, I. 
 
 386. 
 
 Amen [a'-men], or Amen-Ra, Egyptian god, I. 
 426, 1 c. 
 
 Amen-hotep : see Amenophis. 
 
 Amen-iritis, queen of Ethiopia, VI. 750, 1 a. 
 Amen'ophis, Amunoph, or Amen-hotep, Egyp¬ 
 tian king, I. 386; VI. 461, 1 b, 2 ab. 
 Amenophis III, statue of: see Memnon. 
 Am'ent: see Catkin (Index). 
 
 Amentacece (botany), XII. 551, 1 b. 
 
 Amerbach, Johann [a/-mer-ba k h], printer, I. 
 
 387. Bonifaz, professor, 1 b. 
 
 Amer'ica, I. 387. Geology, 2 a; volcanoes, b ; 
 animals, ib.; flora, 388,1 c; extent, ib.; area, 
 population, and history, 391, 2 b-393, 1 a; 
 ancient population, 395, 2 be. North Amer¬ 
 ica, 388, 1 c; map, after 386 ; mountains and 
 watersheds, 388, 2 a-389, 2 c; minerals, 389, 
 2 c; political divisions, 390, 1 b. Central 
 America, 390, 1 c; temples of, 397, 2 c. 
 South America, topographical divisions, 390, 
 2 b-391,1 a; political do., 391,1 and 2; map, 
 after 390. Islands of America, 391, 2 a. 
 America, discovery of, claimed by Venetians, 
 I. 667, 2 c. See Zeno, Nicolb and Antonio. 
 Welsh legend respecting it, X. 828,1 c. See 
 Northmen, XII. 498, 1 b. 
 
 American alewife, fish, I. 275, 1 c. 
 
 American Antiquities, I. 393 (ills.). See also 
 Alabama, I. 229, 1 c; Auburn, II. 100, 2 
 ab; Aymaras; Aztecs; BrasseurdeBoue- 
 bourg; Casas Grandes; Chicken; Colo¬ 
 rado, V. 107, 1 a; Copan; Cundinamarca ; 
 Cuzco, V. 603,1 a, b, c; Finds, VIII. 197, 2 a, 
 and 198, 1 a; La Paz, X. 159, 1 a; Mari- 
 
AMERICAN 
 
 AMLWCH 
 
 23 
 
 etta, Ohio; Masaya; Mayas; Michigan, 
 XI. 497, 2 c; Moundsville; North Caro¬ 
 lina, XII. 490, 2 c; Ohio River, 603, 2 ab; 
 Palenque; Perh, XIII. 341, 2 be; Peten, 
 349, 2 c; Squier, Ephraim George; Ste¬ 
 phens, John Lloyd; Tennessee, XV. 644, 
 2 a; Titicaca; Vancouver Island, XVI. 
 256, 2 ab; Wisconsin, 682, 2 a; Yucatan, 
 800, 1 ab; Arizona, I. 711, 2 b. 
 
 American association (of the colonies), XVI. 
 155, 2 c. 
 
 American association for the advancement of 
 science , I. 137, 1 c. 
 
 American city , so-called (Cuba), III. 778, 2 a. 
 American colonization. Spanish, VII. 284,1 a. 
 French, III. 677, 2 be; X. 677, 2 b. Lon¬ 
 don company, XV. 189,1 c; XVI. 381, 2 be. 
 London and Plymouth companies, XVI. 150, 
 1 c. Dutch West India company, XII. 371, 
 1 ab. 
 
 American fur company, VII. 536, 1 a. 
 American geological society, first meeting of, 
 
 VII. 691, 2 c. 
 
 American Indians, I. 401. Names of tribes, 
 
 1 c; social condition at the discovery of 
 America, 2 ab, and 402, 1 c; physical and 
 intellectual character, 2 b; origin, 402, 1 b. 
 Treatment by the Spaniards, 404, 1 ab; by 
 the French, 1 c; by the English, 2 b. Indian 
 missions, 2 c. Indian wars, 405, 1 c. Treat¬ 
 ment by the United States, 2 c. 
 
 American Indians, Languages of the, I. 407. 
 Peculiarities of, 1 c. North American, 2 b; 
 South American, 412, 1 a. 
 
 Americanisms, I. 414. 
 
 American ivy , XVI. 388, 2 a. 
 
 American Journal of Science and Arts, VII. 
 
 691, 2 b and c; XV. 45, 2 b and c. 
 American lion, V. 422, 1 c. 
 
 American ore hearth, X. 256, 2 ab. 
 
 American revolution, beginning of, in Virginia, 
 
 VIII. 664, 1 c. See United States. 
 American River, I. 416. 
 
 American sable, XI. 601, 1 ab. 
 
 American safeguard, the great (zoology), X. 
 551, 2 b. 
 
 American senna, IV. 63, 2 b. 
 
 American Wines, I. 416. Wines of the At¬ 
 lantic coast, 417, 1 c; of the southern At¬ 
 lantic states, 420,1 b; of the Pacific coast, 
 
 2 a. 
 
 American woodbine, XVI. 388, 2 a. 
 
 Amerigo Vespucci [a-ma-re'-go ves-poot'-che]: 
 see Vespucci. 
 
 Ameriscog'gin, river: see Androscoggin. 
 
 Amersfoort [a'-mers-fort], town, I. 422. 
 
 Ames, Edward R., D. D., clergyman, I. 422. 
 
 Ames, Fisher, orator and statesman, I. 422. 
 
 Ames, Joseph, portrait painter, I. 422. 
 
 Ames, Joseph, antiquary, I. 422. 
 
 Ames, William, D. D., English Independent 
 divine, I. 423. 
 
 Amesbury [aimz'-ber-e], town, I. 423. Bard 
 of Amesbury, 1 b. 
 
 Ames manufacturing company , IV. 421, 1 c. 
 
 Am'ethyst, I. 423. Oriental, XIV. 626, 1 b; 
 627, 1 a. 
 
 Amga [am-ga'], river of Siberia, I. 423. 
 
 Amhara [am-ha'-ra]: see Abyssinia, I. 45, 2 a, 
 &c., and Amhario Language. 
 
 Amharic Language, I. 423; VI. 752, 2 b. 
 Amharic Bible, I. 49, 1 c. 
 
 Amherst [am'-erst], county, I. 423. 
 
 Amherst, town of Massachusetts, I. 423. Am¬ 
 herst college, 2 c. 
 
 Amherst, town of British Burmah, I. 424. 
 
 Amherst, Jeffery, baron, English general, I. 
 424; 20, 2 b; XV. 738, 1 a. William Pitt, 
 earl, and Viscount Ilolmesdale, 2 c. 
 
 Amia (ichthyology), XII. 25, 2 ab. A. occiden¬ 
 tal^, 26, 1 a (ill., 25). 
 
 Amian'thus : see Asbestus. 
 
 Amicable society for a perpetual assurance 
 office (England), X. 424, 2 c. 
 
 Amice jAm'-is], priest’s vestment, I. 424. 
 
 Amici, Giovanni Battista [a-me'-che], optician 
 and astronomer, I. 425. Vincenzo, 1 ab. 
 
 Amid: see Amice. 
 
 Am'ida , Japanese deity, IX. 539, 1 a. 
 
 Amida, ancient town: see Diarbekir. 
 
 Am'idas, Philip, discoverer, I. 425. 
 
 Amienois [am-ya-nwa], district, I. 425, 2 a. 
 
 Amiens [am'-e-enz; Fr. am-ya ng ], town, I. 425. 
 Treaty of, 2 a, and XV. 213, 1 c. 
 
 Amikouek, Indian tribe, II. 436, 1 be. 
 
 Amin'ias, brother of yEscliylus, rewarded for 
 his courage, I. 151, 2 b; 152, 1 a. 
 
 Amiot, or Amyot, Joseph [am-yo], missionary, 
 I. 425. 
 
 Amir [a-meer']: see Emir. 
 
 Amirantes [am-e-rants'J, islands, XI. 293, 1 c. 
 
 Amissio civitatis, in Roman law, III. 754, 2 ab. 
 
 Am'istad case [Sp. a-mees-ta^'], Mr. Adams 
 counsel for the Africans, I. 105, 2 a. 
 
 Amite [a-meet'], river, I. 425. 
 
 Amite, county, I. 425. 
 
 Amleth [am'-let]: see IIamlet. 
 
 AMLwen [am'-look], seaport town, I. 426. 
 
AMMAN 
 
 AMPHICTYONY 
 
 29 
 
 Amman, Johann Konrad [am '-man], physician, 
 I. 426; Y. 732, 2 b (Deaf and Dumb). Jost, 
 or Jodocus, painter and engraver, I. 426, 1 b. 
 Ammergau [am'-mer-gow]: see Ober-Ammer- 
 gau. 
 
 Ammian'us Marcelli'nus, Roman soldier and 
 historian, I. 426; X. 200, 1 b, be. 
 Ammonium ala'turn (botany), IX. 196,2 be (ill.). 
 A mmoce'tes (ichthyology), referred to, VII. 240, 
 
 1 b. 
 
 Ammodro’mus (ornithology), VII. 192,1 c. A. 
 
 caudacutus, 2 a (ill., 1 c). A. maritimus, 2 ab. 
 Ammody'tes (ichthyology), VI. 448, 1 a. 
 Am'mon, mythical, I. 426 ; XII. 116, 2 a; XIII. 
 436, 1 c. 
 
 Ammon, monk, XI. 728, 2 c. 
 
 Ammon , or Ammonium, oasis : see Siwah. 
 Ammon, Christoph Friedrich von, theologian 
 and pulpit orator, I. 426. 
 
 Ammo'nia, 1.427. See Chemistry, IV. 369, 2 b. 
 Ammonia alum , I. 364, 1 c ; 365, 2 c ; 366, 1 a. 
 Ammoniac, a gum resin, I. 428. 
 
 Ammoniac acetate , I. 61, 2 ab. 
 
 Ammoniakrut [ain-mo'-ne-a-kroot], explosive 
 powder, VII. 38, 2 c. 
 
 Ammonian sections (of the New Testament), II. 
 612, 1 a. 
 
 Am'monites [generic, sing, and pi., am-mo-ni'- 
 teez], fossil shells, I. 428 (ills.) ; II. 484, 2 b, 
 485, 2 ab. Shell of, XII. 176, 2 c. 
 Ammo'nium (chemistry), I. 428. 
 
 Ammonium, Oasis of: see Siwah. 
 
 Ammoni'uret of silver (fulminating silver), dis¬ 
 coverer of, II. 585, 1 a. 
 
 Ammo'nius Sac'cas, philosopher, 1.429. Found¬ 
 er of Neo-Platonism, XII. 224, 2 c; VI. 391, 
 
 2 b; XIII. 614, 2 ab. 
 
 Ammonoo'suck, Upper, and Lower or Great, 
 two rivers, I. 429. 
 
 Ammot'ragus (zoology), XIV. 837, 1 ab. 
 Ammunition, military stores or provisions, I. 
 429. 
 
 Amner: see Almoner. 
 
 Am'nesty, pardon of political offences, I. 429. 
 Relation of amnesty to pardon, 2 b. Proc¬ 
 lamations of amnesty by Presidents Lincoln 
 and Johnson, 430, 1 a. The president’s 
 power to grant a general amnesty discussed, 
 1 a-432,1 b; affirmed by the supreme court, 
 432, 2 b. 
 
 Amnesty , proclamations of by President John¬ 
 son, IX. 661, 1 c and 2 c. 
 
 Am'nion, YL 563, 2 a; 564, 2 b. Dropsy of, 
 XII. 569, 2 b. 
 
 Amce'ba : see Animalcules, I. 515, 1 b, 2 be ; 
 
 XIV. 34, 1 c. 
 
 Amo'mum cardamomum (botany), III. 777, 1 
 ab. A. Melegueta, 2 a. A. grana paradisi 
 (ill.), ib. 
 
 Amon , deity: see Ammon, I. 426, 1 c. 
 Amontilla'do sherry [Sp. a-mone-te-lya'-£/io], 
 
 XV. 224, 2 be and c. Cause of its peculiar 
 taste, III. 144, 1 a. 
 
 Amontons, Guillaume [a-mo ng -t6 ng ], physicist, 
 I. 432. 
 
 Amoo Darya [a-inoo' dar'-ya]: see Oxus. 
 Amoor, Amur [a-moor'j, or Saghalien, river, I. 
 
 433. 
 
 Amoor Country, I. 433. 
 
 A'mor : see Eros. 
 
 Amora'im , Jewish teachers, VIII. 595, 1 a. 
 Amoret'ti, Carlo, Italian scholar, 1.433. Maria 
 Pellegrina, 2 c. 
 
 Am'orites, tribe of Canaanites, I. 434. 
 Amortization, or Amortizement [a-mor'-tiz- 
 ment], in old English law, I. 434. Origin 
 of the word, 1 b. 
 
 Amortizement: see Amortization. 
 
 Am'ory, Thomas, author, I. 434. 
 
 A'mos, Hebrew prophet, I. 434. 
 
 Amo'sis : see Amasis. 
 
 Amoskeag [am-us-keg'] : see Manchester, N. II. 
 Amoy', seaport town, I. 434. 
 
 Ampaly , tree, X. 810, 1 be. 
 
 Am'pelis (ornithology), XVI. 517, 1 c. A. 
 garrulus, 2 b (ill.); VII. 104, 2 ab. A. cedro- 
 rum, IV. 166, 1 c. 
 
 Ampelop'sis quinquefolia , or A. hederacea 
 (botany), XVI. 387, 2 c; ills., 388. Other 
 species, ib. 
 
 Ampere, Andre Marie [a ng -pair], physicist, I. 
 
 434. His theory of electro-magnetism, VI. 
 513, 2 b, ff. Jean Jacques Antoine, I. 435, 
 1 a. 
 
 Amp'fing, Bavarian village, I. 435. 
 Amphiara'us, mythical hero and seer, I. 435. 
 Amphib'ia, 1.435. See Comparative Anatomy. 
 Amphibians and reptiles , difference between 
 them, I. 437, 2 b; VIII. 695, 2 a. 
 
 Am'phibole rocks , VIII. 821, 1 c. 
 
 AmphiboVogy , in logic, X. 579, 2 b. 
 Amphicar'pum (botany), XI. 555, 2 b. A. 
 
 Purshii, 2 c. A. Floridanum, ib. 
 
 Amphic’tyon, mythical, I. 438, 1 c. 
 Amphictyon'ic council , I. 438, 1 c; X. 222, 1 b. 
 Amphio'tyons, I. 438. 
 
 Amphictyony , protective union of neighboring 
 Greek tribes, states, or cities, I. 438, 1 be. 
 
30 
 
 AMPIIILOCHUS 
 
 ANAEMIA 
 
 Amphil'ochus, legendary hero, I. 438. 
 Amphi'on, mythical, I. 439. 
 
 Amphiox'us (ichthyology), X. 137, 1 ab. A. 
 lanceolatus (ill.), 1 be. 
 
 Amphipneu'ra , order of amphibia, I. 435, 2 b. 
 Amphip'olis, ancient city, I. 439. 
 
 Amphisbas'na (zoology), I. 439. A. fnliginosa, 
 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Amphithe'atre, Roman, I. 439. At Verona 
 (ill.), 440; at Ephesus (ill.), VI. 678. 
 Amphitherium , fossil animal, XII. Ill, lb. 
 Amphitri'te, Greek deity, I. 441. How dis¬ 
 tinguished from Aphrodite in ancient art, 1 a. 
 Amphit'ryon, in Greek legends, I. 441; 264, 
 
 1 b. 
 
 Amphi’uma me'am (zoology), V. 242, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 A. tridactylum, 1 c. 
 
 Am'piiora, ancient vase, I. 441 (ills.). 
 Amplifier , for the microscope, XI. 515, 2 a. 
 Ampt'hill park, alluded to, II. 449, 2 c. 
 Ampul'la, Roman bottle-shaped vessel, I. 441. 
 
 Ampulla Rhemensis, legend of, 2 a. 
 Amputa'tion, surgical operation, I. 441. 
 Am'raphel , ancient king, IV. 230, 2 ab. 
 Amrit'sir, or Umritsir, town, I. 442. 
 
 Amru Ibn el-Aas [am'-roo ibn el-ass'], early 
 proselyte of Mohammed, 1. 442. 
 Amru’l-Kais [am-rool-klce'], or Amrulcais, 
 Arabian poet, I. 442. 
 
 Ams'dorf, Nikolaus von, German reformer, I. 
 443. 
 
 Amshas'pands , in Persian demonology, V. 793, 
 
 2 b. 
 
 Am'sler, Samuel, engraver, I. 443. 
 
 Am'stel, river, I. 443. 
 
 Amsterdam, city, I. 443. Palace of, 444, 1 a 
 
 (ill.). 
 
 Amt , district, II. 556, 1 c. 
 
 Amther [am'-ter], a naturalized citizen of the 
 United States, case of, I. 327, 1 b. 
 
 Amtmand , an officer of the Faroe isles, VII. 
 90, 2 a. 
 
 Amuck', running, a Malay custom, I. 445. 
 Am'ulet, worn as a preservative against real 
 or fancied evil, I. 445. 
 
 Amun , Egyptian deity, XII. 116, 2 a. 
 Amunoph : see Amenophis. 
 
 Amur : see Amoor. 
 
 Amurath, or Murad [a-moo-rat', moo-rad'], 
 four Turkish sultans, I. 445. 
 
 Amurath (Jozef Bern), Polish general, II. 513, 
 1 c. 
 
 Amussat, Jean Zulema [a-mii-sa], French sur¬ 
 geon, I. 447. 
 
 Am'yda (zoology), XV. 810, 2 a and c. A. 
 spinifer, 2 a. 
 
 Amyg'dalce: see Tonsils. 
 
 Amygda'lece (botany), I. 344, 2 be; 345, 1 b. 
 Amygdali'tis: see Quinsy. 
 
 Amyg'daloid, a rock formation, I. 447. See 
 XVI. 574, 2 a. 
 
 Amygdalus (botany): see Almond. A. Per- 
 sica (peach), XIII. 204, 2 c; ill., 205, 1 a. 
 Meaning of amygdalus, 206, 1 ab. 
 
 Am'yl (chemistry), I. 447. 
 
 Amy la'ceous matter: see Starch. 
 
 Amyl alcohol: see Fusel Oil. 
 
 Am'ylene (chemistry), I. 447. 
 
 Amyl'ic alcohol: see Amyl. 
 
 Amyloid substance , XIV. 31, 1 c. 
 
 Amyn'tas, three Macedonian kings, I. 448. 
 Amyot, Jacques [am-yo], author, I. 448. 
 Amyot , missionary: see Amiot. 
 
 Amyral'dists , followers of John Cameron, III. 
 655, 2 a. 
 
 Amyraut, Molse [am-e-ro], theologian, I. 448. 
 Am'yris (botany), II. 247, 1 a. 
 
 An'a, prefix and suffix, I. 448. 
 
 Anabap'tists, 1.448. Different classes of, 449, 
 
 1 b; the fanatics and revolutionists, 2 b; 
 the conscientious and law-abiding, 450, 1 b; 
 persecution of the latter, their tenets and 
 character, ib. 
 
 An'abas Scan'dens (ichthyology), I. 450. 
 Anab'asis, title of a book, I. 451. 
 
 An'ableps (ichthyology), I. 451; X. 556, 1 be. 
 Anacamp’sis sarcitel'la, moth, XI. 870, 2 a. 
 Anacar'dium occidenta'le (botany), IV. 53, 2 c. 
 Anacharis [an-ak'-a-ris], (botany), referred to, 
 I. 609, 2 be. A. alsinastrum, 2 c. 
 Anachar'sis, Scythian philosopher, I. 451. 
 Anacharsis Clootz: see Clootz, Jean Baptiste- 
 Anachoret [an-ak'-o-ret]: see Anchoret. 
 Anacle'tus, saint and pope, I. 451. Antipope, 
 
 2 b; II. 573, 2 a, b, and c; IX. 287, 2 ab. 
 Anacon'da, I. 451 (ill.). See III. 225, 2 b. 
 Anac'reon, Greek poet, I. 452. 
 
 Anacreon of the Guillotine (Barere), II. 310,1 a. 
 Of Sweden (Bellman), II. 506, 2 c. Portu¬ 
 guese, VIII. 100, 1 be. Sicilian: see Meli. 
 Anacto'ria , a name of Miletus, XI. 536, 1 a. 
 Anadir: see Anadyr. 
 
 Anado'li Hissar ', castle, III. 113, 1 b. 
 Anadyomene [an-a-di-om'-e-ne], surname of a 
 picture of Venus, I. 452. 
 
 Anadyr [an-a-deer'], gulf, I. 452; river, 2 b. 
 An^'mia: see Brain, Diseases of the, and 
 Chlorosis. Cerebral, III. 197, 2 c„ In chlo- 
 
 » 
 
ANAEMIC 
 
 ANCILLON 
 
 31 
 
 rosis, IV. 504, 1 be. In other conditions of 
 the system, 2 c. 
 
 Anaemic females: see Goitre, VIII. 71, 1 ab. 
 
 Anaemic protrusion of the eyeballs, VIII. 566, 
 2 b. 
 
 Ancesthe'sia, ethereal , introduction of into den¬ 
 tistry and surgery, XI. 855, 2 b. 
 
 Anaesthesia, lead, X. 247, 2 b. 
 
 An.estiiet'ics, I. 452. Discovery of, 453, 2 
 ab; IX. 495, lb. 
 
 AnagaVlis arven'sis (botany), XIII. 518, 2 a 
 (ill.). 
 
 Anagni [a-na'-nye], town, I. 455. 
 
 An'agram, I. 455. Examples of, 1 b. 
 
 An'ahid: see Anaitis. 
 
 Anahuac [a-na'-wak], Mexican aboriginal 
 name, I. 455. Anahuac-Ayotlan and Ana- 
 huac-Xicalanco, 1 c. 
 
 Anahualtecas: see Anahuac. 
 
 Anaitis [an-a-I'-tis], or Anahid, oriental god¬ 
 dess, I. 455. 
 
 An’akim, giant race, XV. 546, 2 ab. 
 
 Analogues, Geoffroy’s theory of, VII. 682, 1 b. 
 
 Analysis: see Philosophy, XIII. 430, 2 ab. 
 
 Analysis by diffusion: see Dialysis. 
 
 Analytical Geom'etry, I. 455. 
 
 An'alyzer, in polarizing apparatus, X. 446, 2 c. 
 
 An am', or Annam, I. 456 (map). 
 
 Anamboe [an-am-boo'J, seaport town, I. 457. 
 
 Anamelech [an-am'-e-lek], Babylonian deity, 
 XII. 117, 1 c. 
 
 Anamese race, I. 457, 1 ab; IX. 253, 1 c. 
 
 Anamir'ta: see Coccultts. 
 
 Ananas'sa sati'va (botany), XIII. 527, 2 c. 
 
 Anan ben David , founder of the Karaite sect, 
 IX. 767, 1 c; VIII. 595, 2 b. 
 
 Anani'as, name of three persons, I. 457. 
 
 “ Anar'chiadf the, poems, IX. 52, 1 b. 
 
 Anarrhi'cas lu'pus (ichthyology), XVI. 698, 
 2 a (ill.); IV. 110, 1 ab. 
 
 A'nas (ornithology), VI. 288, 2 ab. A. boschas, 
 2 c (ill.). A. acuta, anatomy of, V. 175, 2 a. 
 
 Anas, river: see Guadiana. 
 
 Anasar'ca, general dropsy, VI. 266, 1 ab; XII. 
 582, 2 c. 
 
 Anasta'sia, name of three saints, I. 457. 
 
 Anastasius, name of four popes, I. 458. 
 
 Anastasius, name of two emperors, I. 458. 
 
 Anastasius Grun, pseudonyme, II. 105, 2 c. 
 
 Anastat'ica hierochun'tina (botany), XIV. 440, 
 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Anastomo'sis (anatomy), I. 458. 
 
 An'ata : see Anatiioth. 
 
 Anatase, mineral: see Titanium, XV. 770, 2 c. 
 
 Anath'ema, in Greek classics and the Old and 
 New Testaments, I. 458. Anathema mara- 
 natha: see XV. 272, 1 c. 
 
 An'athotii, a town of Palestine, I. 459. 
 
 Anat'ifa: see Barnacle, II. 319, 2 a. 
 
 Anati'nae (ornithology), III. 732, 2 c; VI. 288, 
 1 b. 
 
 Anato'lia : see Asia Minor. 
 
 Anatom'ical Preparations, I. 459. Artificial 
 imitations, 2 c, and II. 157 (Auzoux, T. L.). 
 Hyrtl’s, IX. 139, 1 c. 
 
 Anatomie clastique [a-na-to-me klas-teek]: see 
 Auzoux, T. L. 
 
 Anat'omy, I. 460. Human, first investigator 
 of, VIII. 692, 1 b. Microscopic, 745, 2 b. 
 Transcendental, XIII. 422, 2 b. 
 
 Anatomy, Comparative: see Comparative 
 Anatomy. 
 
 Anatomy act, XV. 122, 1 b. 
 
 Anaxag'oras, Greek philosopher, I. 463. His 
 views of the origin of plants and animals, 
 VII. 10, 1 b. 
 
 Anaxagore'ia , festival, I. 463, 2 a. 
 
 Anaxar'chus, Greek philosopher, I. 463. 
 
 Anaximan'der, Greek philosopher, I. 463. 
 Views attributed to him of the origin of ani¬ 
 mals, and of man as he now exists, VII. 10, 
 1 ab. 
 
 Anaximenes [an-ax-im'-e-neez], Greek philoso¬ 
 pher, I. 463. Historian and rhetorician, 2 c. 
 
 Ancach [an-katch'J, department of Peru, I. 464. 
 
 Ancelot, Jacques Arsene Francois Polycarpe 
 [a ng -slo], dramatist, I. 464. Marguerite Louise 
 Virginie Chardon, dramatist and novelist, 
 1 b. 
 
 Anciiises [an-kl'-zeez], legendary Trojan prince, 
 I. 464. 
 
 AN'cnoR, for mooring a vessel, I. 464 (ills.). 
 
 Anchor budding, for propagating trees, III. 
 404, 2 b. 
 
 ANcnoRET [ang'-ko-ret], Anchorite, or Anacho- 
 ret, religious recluse, I. 467; XI. 728, 2 b. 
 
 Anchovy [an-tcho'-ve], fish, I. 467 (ill.)* An- 
 chovy, so-called, XV. 57, 2 c. 
 
 Anchu’sa tincto'ria, false alkanet, I. 322, 2 b. 
 
 Anchusine [ang'-ku-zin], a dye, I. 322, 2 c. 
 
 Anchylosis [ang-ke-lo'-sis], (pathology), I. 467. 
 Treatment, 468, 1 a. 
 
 Ancienne Lorette [a ng -se-8n lo-rSt], village, 
 I. 468. 
 
 Ancillon, David [a ng -ce-lyo ng ], clergyman, I. 
 468. Charles, author, 1 c. Ludwig Fried¬ 
 rich, clergyman, 2 a. Johann Peter Fried¬ 
 rich, statesman and historian, ib. 
 
32 
 
 ANCKARSTROEM 
 
 ANDREW 
 
 Anckarstroem, or Ankar strom, Johan Jakob 
 [an'-kar-strom], assassin, I. 4G8. 
 
 An'clam : see Anklam. 
 
 Anco'na, province, I. 468. Capital city, 2 c. 
 
 Ancona with the Arch of Trajan (ill.), 469. 
 Ancona , Andrea di (Lilio), I. 469, 2 a. 
 
 Ancre, Concino de’ Concini, marshal and mar¬ 
 quis d’ [da ng -kr’j, I. 469. 
 
 An'cus Mar'cius, fourth king of Rome, I. 470. 
 Ancy'ra, ancient city, I. 470. Monument of, 
 
 1 be; XIII. 310, 2 b. 
 
 Andalu'sia, southern division of Spain, I. 470. 
 
 Origin of the name, XYI. 257, 1 a. 
 An'daman Islands, in the bay of Bengal, I. 
 470. 
 
 Andeafaran: see Andover, England. 
 Andeca'vi, or Andegavi, ancient tribe of Gaul, 
 I. 494, 2 a; 527, 2 c. 
 
 Andegavi: see Andecavi (Index). 
 
 Andelot [a ng -dlo], treaty of, VIII. 247, 2 c. 
 Andelys, Les [la za ng -dle], town, I. 471. 
 Andenne [a ng -den], town, I. 471. 
 
 Anderlecht [an'-der-lekt], town, I. 471. 
 Anderlo'ni, Pietro, engraver, I. 471. Fausti- 
 no, engraver, 1 b. 
 
 An'dersen, Hans Christian, Danish poet and 
 novelist, I. 471. (Died 1875.) 
 
 An'derson, five counties, I. 472. 
 
 Anderson, Alexander, first American wood 
 engraver, I. 472. 
 
 Anderson, Sir Edmund, judge, I. 472. 
 Anderson, James, antiquary, I. 472. 
 Anderson, James, writer on agriculture, &c., 
 I. 472. 
 
 Anderson, John, Scottish educator, I. 473. 
 Anderson, Martin Brewer, LL. D., American 
 educator, president of the university of 
 Rochester, I. 473. 
 
 Anderson, Robert, general, I. 473. 
 
 Anderson-Garrett, Dr. (Mrs. Elizabeth Gar¬ 
 rett Anderson), VII. 627, 1 ab. 
 
 Anderson school of natural history , VI. 537, 
 
 2 be. (Discontinued after 1874.) 
 Andersonville, I. 473. Military prison, 2 be. 
 
 Cemetery, 475, 1 b. 
 
 An'derssen, Adolph, chess player, I. 475. 
 An'dersson, Carl Johan, traveller, I. 475. 
 Andersson, Lars: see Andreas, Laurentius. 
 Andersson, Nils Johan, Swedish botanist, I. 
 475. 
 
 Andes [an'-deez], mountains, I. 475. Different 
 members of, 476, 1 a. General character of, 
 478,1 ab. Geological structure and minerals, 
 479, 1 c. Derivation of the name, 480, 1 a. 
 
 Andes grass , XII. 562, 1 a. 
 
 Andhra , a race of India, IX. 215, 1 c. 
 
 Andlaw, Franz Xaver von [and'-lav], diploma¬ 
 tist, I. 480. 
 
 Andocides [an dos'-e-deez], Athenian orator, 
 I. 480. 
 
 Andor'ra, republic, I. 480. 
 
 An'dovee, town of England, I. 481. Origin 
 of the name, 1 a. 
 
 Andover, town of Massachusetts, I. 481. The¬ 
 ological seminary, 1 b. 
 
 Andrada, Antonio d’ [da ng -dra'-da], mission¬ 
 ary, I. 481. 
 
 Andrada e Sylya, Bonifacio Joze d’, states¬ 
 man and naturalist, I. 481. 
 
 Andral, Gabriel [a ng -dral], physician, I. 482. 
 Andraos [an'-drowce], (Abba Salama), bishop 
 of Abyssinia, I. 48, 2 b. 
 
 Andrassy, Gyula (Julius), count [on'-dra-she], 
 statesman, I. 482. 
 
 Andr£, Johann Anton [a ng -dra], composer, I. 
 
 482. 
 
 Andre, John, British officer, I. 482; 759, 2 c. 
 
 Court for trial of, X. 97, 1 a; 229, 2 b. 
 Andrea, Girolamo d’ [dan-dra'-a], cardinal, I. 
 
 483. 
 
 Andrea Pisano [an-dra'-a pe-za'-no], sculptor 
 and architect, I. 483. 
 
 Andrea del Sarto : see Sarto. 
 
 Andrea di Ancona (Lilio), I. 469, 2 a. 
 
 Andrew, Jakob [an'-dra-a], theologian, I. 483. 
 
 Johann Valentin, author, 2 c. 
 
 Andrew, Laurentius, or Lars Andersson, Swe¬ 
 dish scholar, I. 484. His version of the New 
 Testament, 1 b. 
 
 Andreani, Andrea [an-dra-a'-ne], (II Man- 
 tuano), painter and engraver, I. 484. 
 Andreanov Islands [an-dra-a-nov']: see Aleu¬ 
 tian Islands. 
 
 Andreaslerg [an'-dra-ass-bairg], city and mines 
 of, VIII. 493, 2 a. 
 
 Andree, Karl Theodor [an'-dra], geographer, 
 I. 484. (Died 1875.) 
 
 Andreini, Francesco [an-dra-e'-ne], comedian, 
 I. 484. Isabella, 2 a. Giovanni Battista, ib. 
 Andren’ idee, bees, II. 451, 1 a. 
 
 Andreoli , Giorgio [an-dra-o'-le]: see Pottery 
 and Porcelain, XIII. 781, 2 b. 
 
 Andr£ossi, Antoine Francois, count d’ [da" 4 ’, 
 dra-us-se], I. 484. 
 
 Andres, Juan [an-drace'], Spanish scholar, I. 
 
 484. 
 
 Andre'tium , Roman castle of, IV. 692, 1 b. 
 Andrew, county, I. 484. 
 
ANDREW 
 
 ANGLE 
 
 33 
 
 Andrew, name of three Hungarian kings, 1.485. 
 
 Andrew, Saint, I. 485. ' St. Andrew’s cross, 
 1 c. Order of St. Andrew: see Thistle, 
 Order of the. 
 
 Andrew, James Osgood, D. D., Methodist 
 bishop, I. 485. 
 
 Andrew, John Albion, governor of Massachu¬ 
 setts, I. 485. 
 
 Andrews, James Pettit, historian, I. 486. 
 
 Andrews, Lancelot, scholar and prelate, I. 486. 
 
 Andrews's lock , X. 563, 2 b (ills.). 
 
 Andria [an'-dre-a], town, I. 486. 
 
 Andrieux, Francois Guillaume Jean Stanislas 
 [a ng -dre-yuh], French author, I. 486. 
 
 Andris'cus, or Pseudo Philip, I. 486. 
 
 An'droclus, Roman slave, I. 486. Spared by 
 a lion whose foot he had relieved of a thorn, 
 ib. (Aulus Gellius, Noct. Att ., V. xiv.) 
 
 Androi'des : see Automaton, and Juggler, 
 IX. 708, 1 a. 
 
 Andromache [an-drom'-a-ke], wife of Hector, 
 
 I. 487. 
 
 Andromachus , physician and first archiater, I. 
 650, 1 b. See Medicine, XI. 347, 2 a. 
 
 Androm'eda, mythical princess, I. 487. 
 
 Andromeda arborea (botany), XY. 855, 1 be. 
 
 Androni'cus, name of four emperors of Con¬ 
 stantinople, I. 487. 
 
 Andronicus, Livius, poet, I. 487. Andronicus 
 of Rhodes, philosopher, 2 c. 
 
 Andropo'gon (botany), X. 337, 1 be. A. schoe- 
 nanthus, be and c; XYI. 336, 2 c. A. 
 muricatus, ib. A. calamus-aromaticus, X. 
 337, 2 a. 
 
 An'dros, island of Greece, I. 488. 
 
 Andros, island of the Bahamas, I. 488. 
 
 Andros, Sir Edmund, English colonial gover¬ 
 nor, I. 488. 
 
 Androscog'gin, county, I. 488. 
 
 Androscoggin, or Ameriscoggin, river, I. 488. 
 
 Andryana, Alexandre [a ng -dre-y8-na], revolu¬ 
 tionist, I. 488. 
 
 Andujar, or Anduxar [an-doo'- k har], Spanish 
 town, I. 488. 
 
 Anduxar : see Andujar. 
 
 Anegada [an-e-ga'-da], island, I. 489. 
 
 Aneiza: see Oneiza. 
 
 Anel, Dominique [a-n&l], surgeon, I. 489. 
 
 Anemom'eter, for measuring the force of the 
 wind, I. 489 (ill., 490, 1 a); XII. 688, 2 c; 
 XYI. 657, 1 c. 
 
 Anemone [a-nem'-o-ne], genus of plants, I. 
 490. A. liortensis, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Anemone , sea , I. 74, 2 a (Actinia). 
 
 3 
 
 Anem'osoope, for showing the wind’s direc¬ 
 tion, I. 491. 
 
 Anenceph'alous foetus , XI. 765, 1 ab. 
 
 Anen’tera: see Animalcules, I. 515, 1 b. 
 
 Anerio, Felice [a-na'-re-o], musician, I. 491. 
 Giovanni Francesco, 1 b. 
 
 An'eroid : see Barometer, II. 329, 2 a. Beck¬ 
 er’s improvement, 330, 1 ab. 
 
 Ane'thum grave'olens (botany), YI. 110, 1 a 
 (ill.). • 
 
 An'eurin, Welsh bard, I. 491. 
 
 An'eurism, I. 491. See Mott, Yalentine, XII. 
 5, 2 b. Miliary aneurism, III. 199, 2 ab. 
 
 Aneuris'mal tumor , I. 491, 2 a; III. 197, 1 b. 
 Fatal result of mistaken diagnosis, I. 491, 2 c. 
 
 Anfos'si, Pasquale, composer, I. 492. 
 
 Angara [an-ga'-ra], river of Siberia, I. 492. 
 
 Angel [ain'-jel], in Jewish and Christian litera¬ 
 ture, I. 492. 
 
 Angel, a coin, I. 492 (ill.). 
 
 Angel Fish, I. 493 (ill.). 
 
 Angeli, Filippo [an'-ja-le], painter, I. 498. 
 
 Angel'ica tree , YIII. 680, 1 be. 
 
 Angelic Doctor: see Aquinas, Thomas. 
 
 Angel'ico, Fra, painter, I. 493. 
 
 Angeli'na, county, I. 493. 
 
 Angell, Joseph K., writer on law, I. 493. 
 
 Angeln [an'-gheln], or Anglen, Schleswig, I. 
 494. The name Angles preserved in no 
 other part of the continent, ib. 
 
 Angelo, Michel [me'-kel an'-ja-lo]: see Buo¬ 
 narroti. 
 
 Angelo Maria: see Querini, Girolamo. 
 
 An'gelus , Isaac , emperor, HI. 516, 2 c. Re¬ 
 ferred to, I. 292, 2 b. 
 
 Angelus bell: see Angelus Domini. 
 
 Angelus Domini, form of prayer, I. 494. 
 
 Angelus Silesius, philosophical poet, I. 494. 
 
 Angerman (Swed. Angerman, ong'-er-man), 
 Angerman-aa, or Angerman-elf, river, I. 
 494. 
 
 Angermunde [ang'-er-mfin-deh], town, I. 494. 
 
 Angers [a ng -zha], city, I. 494. 
 
 Anghiera, Pietro Martire d’ [dan-ghe-a'-ra], 
 historian, I. 494. 
 
 Angilbert, Saint [a ng -zhil-bair], statesman and 
 poet, I. 494. 
 
 Angi'na Pec'toris, disease, I. 495. Sedative 
 for, 447, 2 c. 
 
 Angle (geometry), I. 496. Plane angles, 1 ab 
 (ill.). Spherical angles, 1 c (ill.). Dihedral 
 angles, ib. (ill.). Polyhedral angles, 2 ab 
 (ills.). Angle of total reflection, 2 be (ill., 
 497, 1 a); XI. 629, 1 ab. Angles of inci- 
 
34: 
 
 ANGLER 
 
 ANIMAL 
 
 dence and reflection, X. 438, 2 a; XII. 654, 
 2 a. Angle of aperture in lenses, XI. 513, 
 2 be. Right angle as a natural measure, 
 XVI. 537, 2 b. 
 
 Angler Fish : see Goose Fish. 
 
 Angles [ang'-g’lz], or Angli, I. 497. 
 
 Anglesea, or Anglesey [ang'-g’l-se], island, I. 
 497. 
 
 Anglesey : see Anglesea. 
 
 Anglesey, Earl of : see Annesley. 
 
 Anglesey, Henry William Paget, earl of, I. 497. 
 
 Anglesite [ang'-gle-site], sulphate of lead, X. 
 250, 1 a. 
 
 Angli : see Angles. 
 
 Anglia (England), I. 499, 1 c. 
 
 Angling, I. 498. 
 
 Anglo-Catholic movement , in the Anglican 
 church, XIY. 96, 1 c. 
 
 Anglo-Saxon, modern (English), VII. 741, 1 a. 
 
 Anglo-Saxons, I. 498. Anglo-Saxon Church, 
 500, 1 b. Anglo-Saxon Jurisprudence, 2 a. 
 
 Anglo-Saxons, Language and Literature of 
 the, I. 501. Literature, 504, 1 a. 
 
 Ango, Jean : see Angot. 
 
 Ango'la, South African colony, I. 506. 
 
 Ango'ra, Turkish city, I. 506. Angora goat, 
 2 c (ill., 507, 1 a). 
 
 Angora cat , IV. 92, 2 a. 
 
 Angor'no, African town, I. 507. 
 
 Angostura [an-go-stoo'-ra], or Ciudad Boli¬ 
 var, city, I. 507. 
 
 Angostura Bark, I. 507. See XII. 546, 2 b. 
 
 Angot, or Ango, Jean [a ng -go], merchant, I. 
 507. His blockade of Lisbon, 2 a. 
 
 Angouleme [a ng -goo-laim], town, I. 507. 
 
 Angouleme, Charles de Valois, duke of, I. 
 507, 2 c. Louis Antoine de Bourbon, duke 
 of, 508,1 a. Marie Ther£se Charlotte, duch¬ 
 ess of, 1 b. 
 
 Angoumois [a ng -goo-mwa], province, I. 508. 
 
 Angoumois grain moth, XVI. 589, 1 c, 2 b. 
 
 An'gra, seaport town, I. 508. 
 
 Anguilla (ichthyology), VI. 446, 1 be. A. 
 vulgaris, 1 c (ill.). Other species, ib. 
 
 Anguil'lula aceti (entozoa), XVI. 338, 2 be. 
 A. glutinis, ib. 
 
 ^nguisciola, Angussola, or Agnosciola, Sofo- 
 nisba [an-gwe-sho'-la, an-goos-so'-la, a-nyo- 
 sho'-la], female painter, I. 508. 
 
 Anguis fragilis : see Blindworm. 
 
 Angular advance (of the eccentric), XV. 347, 
 2 a (Steam Engine). 
 
 Angus, county: see Forfarshire. 
 
 Angus, Earls of: see Douglas. 
 
 Angussola: see Anguisciola. 
 
 Anhalt [an'-halt], duchy, I. 508. 
 
 Anhydrides [an-hi'-dridz], I. 508. Anhydride 
 distinguished from anhydrous, 509, 1 a. 
 
 Anhy'drite , mineral, VIII. 359, 1 c; XIV. 573, 
 1 b; XV. 453, 2 c. 
 
 Anhydrous acetic acid , I. 61, 2 c. 
 
 Anhydrous alkalies , I. 322, 1 b. 
 
 Anhydrous Jl-uohydric acid , VII. 291, 2 ab. 
 
 Anliydrus , mountain: see Hymettus. 
 
 Ani, or Anni [a'-ne], ruined city, I. 509. 
 
 Anicet-Bourgeois [a-ne-sa-boor-zhwa], dram¬ 
 atist, I. 509. 
 
 Anice'tus, freedman of Nero, I. 509. 
 
 Aniello, Tommaso : see Masaniello. 
 
 Anil'ic Acid, I. 509. 
 
 Aniline [an'-e-lin], I. 509. An artificial alka¬ 
 loid, 322, 2 b. Its use in calico printing, 
 III. 597, 2 be; in dyeing silk, VI. 343, 1 a. 
 
 Animal, I. 509. Comparison between animals 
 and plants, 2 be. Subdivisions of zoology, 
 510, 2 c. Classification of animals, ib. ; chem¬ 
 ical composition of, 511, 1 be; fecundity 
 of, 2 b; correspondence between structure, 
 habits, and functions, 2 c ; food, 512, 1 a \ 
 strength and endurance, 2 a; fleetness, 2 be 
 intelligence, 513, 1 ab; habits, 2 a. 
 
 Animal anatomy , I. 460, 1 b. 
 
 Animal black (animal charcoal), obtained in 
 ammonia works, I. 427, 2 c. Its use in re¬ 
 fining sugar, XV. 447,1 c; as a manure, III. 
 63, 1 b. 
 
 Animalcule cage , in microscopy, XI. 520, 2 c. 
 
 Animalcules, I. 513. Infusoria, 514, 1 a; 
 structure of, 1 b; obstacles to systematic 
 classification of, 1 c. Polygastric infusoria, 
 515, 1 a. Rotifera or wheel animalcules, 
 517, 1 b. Ciliates, XV. 284, 2 c. 
 
 Animal Electricity, I. 518. Production of 
 dynamic electricity, 1 b; discoveries of Gal- 
 vani and Volta, ib. ; production of galvanic 
 currents established, 519, 1 a; diminution 
 and reproduction of the muscular current 
 after death, 2 a; antagonism of the longitu¬ 
 dinal and transverse sections of a muscle, 2 
 c; inducing and induced muscular contrac¬ 
 tion, 520, 1 b ; influence of voluntary move> 
 ment on the galvanic current, 2 c; galvanic 
 currents in nerves, 521, 1 a; electro-motive 
 power of nerves and muscles, 1 b. Produc¬ 
 tion of static electricity in animals, 2 c. 
 
 Animal flowers, so called, IX. 602, 1 b. 
 
 Animal Heat, I. 522, 
 
 Animal Magnetism, or Mesmerism, I. 524. 
 
ANIMAL 
 
 ANODYNE 
 
 35 
 
 Animal matter, constituents of, I. 193, 2 a. 
 Animal phosphorescence , VIII. 40, 2 be; XIII. 
 402, 1 a. 
 
 Animals (brute), age of, I. 182, 2 a, ff. 
 Animals , theories of their origin: see Arciie- 
 laus, I. 047,1 ab; Darwin, Charles Robert; 
 Evolution; Haeckel, Ernst Heinrich; Pro¬ 
 toplasm; Wallace, Alfred Russel. 
 
 Anim£ [an'-e-ma], a resin, I. 527. 
 
 Animism, theory of, XIII. 484, 1 c. 
 
 An'ions (chemistry), VII. 84, 1 c; 597, 2 ab. 
 An'is: see Architecture, I. 050, 1 b. 
 
 Anise Seed [an'-is], I. 527 (ill.). Anise-seed 
 cordial, 2 be. 
 
 Anisop'terix (zoology): see Canker Worm. 
 Anjou [a nfr -zhoo], province, I. 527. 
 
 Anjou, Margaret of: see Margaret. 
 Ankarstrom: see Anckarstroem. 
 
 Anklam [an'-klam], town, I. 528. 
 
 Ankudinoff, J pretender to the Russian crown, 
 I. 293, 2 c. 
 
 Ankwitz, Mikolaj, count [ank'-vitz], Polish 
 politician, I. 528. 
 
 Anlaf: see Aulaf. 
 
 Anlandung [an'-len-doong]: see Alluvium, I. 
 339, 1 a. 
 
 Anna and Dido , names under which Astarte 
 was worshipped at Carthage, XII. 118, 1 b. 
 Annaberg [an'-na-bairg], town of Saxony, I. 
 528. 
 
 Anna Carlovna, grand duchess of Russia, I. 
 
 528. See Munnich, Burkhard Christoph. 
 Anna Comnena, daughter of the emperor 
 Alexis Comnenus, I. 528. 
 
 Anna Ivanovna, empress of Russia, I. 528; 
 XIV. 655, 1 b. 
 
 Annales [an-na'-leez], (fasti), VII. 93, 2 c. 
 Annals, chronological record of events, I. 529. 
 Annals of Boyle (Irish annals), III. 173, 1 b. 
 Annam: see Anam. 
 
 Annandale, lords of, III. 351, 2 ab, c. 
 Annap'olis, city of Maryland, I. 529. U. S. 
 
 naval academy, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Annapolis, county of Nova Scotia, I. 530. 
 Town, 2 b. 
 
 Ann Ar'bor, city of Michigan, I. 530. 
 
 Annates : see Annats. 
 
 An'nats, or Annates, in ecclesiastical law, I. 
 
 531. Made perpetual, III. 66, 2 be. 
 Annatto : see Annotto. 
 
 Anne, queen of Great Britain and Ireland, I. 
 531. 
 
 Annealing, I. 531. See Glass, VIII. 15, 2 a, 
 and Steel, XV. 364, 2 be. 
 
 Anne Arun'del, county, I. 532. 
 
 Anne of Austria, queen of France, I. 532; 
 X. 173, 1 c. 
 
 Anne Boleyn, Bullen, or Bouleyne, queen 
 [ann bool'-en], I. 532; VIII. 650, 2 ab. 
 
 Anne Bouleyne : see Anne Boleyn. 
 
 Anne of Brit'tany, queen of France, I. 533. 
 Anne Bullen: see Anne Boleyn. 
 
 Anne of Cleves, fourth wife of Henry VIII., 
 I. 533 ; VIII. 653, 1 a. Her birthplace, IV. 
 677, 2 be. Brief description of her, V. 509, 
 2 c. 
 
 Annecy [an-se or an-niih-se], town, I. 533. 
 Annel'ida, red-blooded worms, I. 533. 
 An'nelids , eyes of, VII. 48, 2 a. 
 
 Anne de Pisseleu , duchess d’Etampes: see 
 Etampes, and Chateaubriant, IV. 334, 1 c. 
 Anne of Savoy , empress mother, III. 724, 
 
 1 ab. 
 
 Annesley, Arthur [anz'-le], earl of Anglesey, 
 I. 533. James, Lord Altharn, 534, 1 a. 
 Anni: see Ani. 
 
 Annibal: see Hannibal. 
 
 Annius of Viterbo, Italian Dominican, I. 534. 
 Anno, or Ilanno, Saint, archbishop of Cologne, 
 I. 534. Hymn of St. Anno, 1 b. 
 
 Anno Domini , introduction of it as an era in 
 chronology, IV. 558, 1 c. 
 
 Annona'ria commo'da , stipends of the archiatri, 
 I. 650, 1 c. 
 
 Annonay, town, I. 534. 
 
 Annot'to, Annatto, or Arnatto, coloring mat¬ 
 ter, I. 534; XIII. 339, 1 b. 
 
 Annuity, I. 534. Present value, 2 be; rever¬ 
 sionary value, 535, 1 a; mathematical solu¬ 
 tion, 1 ab ; medical solution, 1 c. 
 
 Annular furnace , for baking bricks, III. 267, 
 
 2 a (ill.). 
 
 An'nulet , in heraldry, VIII. 673, 2 be. See 
 plate (after p. 670), on the left. 
 
 Annulus, seal, XIV. 735, 1 a. 
 
 Annulus pastorallis, bishop’s finger ring, II. 
 663, 2 c. 
 
 Annulus pronu'bus, betrothment ring, II. 597, 
 2 b. 
 
 Annuncia'tion, to the Virgin Mary, I. 535. 
 Feast of, 2 ab. 
 
 Ano'bium, insect: see Death Watch. A. 
 
 bibliothecarium, V. 546, 1 c. 
 
 An'ode, in galvanism, VII. 84, 1 c; 597, 2 ab. 
 Anodon, mussel, XII. 104, 1 ab. A. anatinus 
 (ill.), V. 199, 1 b. 
 
 An'odyne, I. 535. 
 
 Anodyne necklace, I. 445, 2 a. 
 
36 
 
 ANOINTING 
 
 ANTHESTERIA 
 
 Anoint'ing, token of honor, and of consecra¬ 
 tion to an office or a sacred use, I. 535. 
 
 Ano'ka, county, I. 536. 
 
 Ano'lis, reptile, I. 536. Species of, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Anoliits (zoology), I. 536, 1 ab. 
 
 Anomia , mollusk, XII. 773, 1 c. 
 
 Anomce'an doctrines , I. 155, 1 a. 
 
 Anomceans , sect, I. 700, 2 a. See Eunomius. 
 
 Ano'na (botany), V. 592, 2 a. A. reticulata, 
 ib. (ill.). A. cherimolia, 2 c. A. muricata, ib. 
 A. squamosa, ib. A. palustris, ib ., and XVI. 
 704, 1 c. 
 
 A non causa, pro causa , in logic, X. 580, 1 a. 
 
 Anonymous club, XY. 377, 2 c. 
 
 Anoplothe'rium , fossil animal, footprints of, 
 VII. 341, 1 c. 
 
 Anorex'ia , XII. 569, 2 ab (Obstetrics). 
 
 Ano'soff, General, on the manufacture of steel: 
 see Damascus Blades. 
 
 Anou’ra , an order of amphibia, I. 435, 2 c. 
 
 Ano'iis stol'idus (ornithology), XII. 472, 2 b 
 (ill.). 
 
 “ An over,” in the game of cricket, Y. 482, 2 b. 
 
 Anquetil, Louis Pierre [a ng k-teel], historian, I. 
 536. 
 
 Anquetil-Dupereon, Abraham Ilyacinthe 
 [-dii-pair-ro ng J, orientalist, I. 536. 
 
 Ansalo'ni, Giordano, Dominican missionary, 
 I. 537. 
 
 Ansa'rians : see Ansaries. 
 
 An'saries, or Ansarians, Arab tribe or sect, 
 I. 537. 
 
 Ansca'rius, or Ansgar (Fr. Anschaire), Saint, 
 “ apostle of the north,” I. 537. 
 
 Ans'dell, Richard, painter, I. 537. 
 
 An'selm, Saint, a doctor of the Latin church, 
 I. 538; XIII. 432, 1 c, 439, 2 b. 
 
 Anser (ornithology), species of, VIII. 105. A. 
 Gambelii (ill.), 2 c. 
 
 Ansera'nas (ornithology), VIII. 104, 2 c. 
 
 Anser ifera (zoology), II. 319, 2 a. 
 
 Ans'gar : see Anscaeius. 
 
 An'son, county, I. 538. 
 
 Anson, George, lord, admiral and navigator, 
 I. 538. 
 
 Anson, George, general, I. 538. 
 
 Anso'nia, village, I. 538. 
 
 Anspacii [ans'-pa k h], town of Bavaria, I. 538. 
 
 Anspacii, Elizabeth, margravine of, I. 539. 
 
 Anspach-Baireuth [-bi'-roit], principality of, 
 I. 539, 1 a. Last margrave of, ib. Its ces¬ 
 sion to Prussia, ib., and VIII. 452, 1 c. 
 
 An'sted, David Thomas, physicist, I. 539. 
 
 An'ster, John, poet, I. 539. 
 
 Anstey, Christopher [an'-ste], poet, I. 539. 
 Anstey, Thomas Chisholm, author, I. 539. 
 Ant, I. 540 (ill.). Three classes in communi¬ 
 ties, 1 ab. Mining ants, 541, 1 ab. Masons, 
 1 b. Carpentering ants, ib. Food of ants, 
 
 1 c. Agricultural ant, 2 a. Fire ants, 2 b. 
 Slaveholding ants, ib. Migrations, 2 be. 
 Muscular activity, IX. 313, 2 a. Driver ants, 
 X. 398, 1 ab. Foraging ants, XII. 423, 2 c. 
 
 Ant, white, XII. 258, 2 b. See Termites. 
 Antacids (chemistry), I. 542. 
 
 An't^e, ancient people, I. 542. 
 
 Antes, or pilasters, in the Doric order of archi¬ 
 tecture, I. 657, 1 b. 
 
 Ant^e'us, mythical, I. 542. 
 
 Antakieh [an-ta-ke'-eh], city, I. 567, 2 a. 
 Antal'cidas, a Spartan, I. 542. Peace of, 1 c; 
 
 VIII. 196, 1 c; XY. 232, 2 b. 
 
 Antananarivo : see Tananariyo. 
 
 An'tar, or An'tarah, Arabian prince and poet, 
 I. 542. 
 
 Antar'adus : see Aeadus. 
 
 An'tarah : see Antar. 
 
 Antarctic current (ocean), II. 73, 1 b. 
 Antarctic Discovery, I. 542. Map of, 543. 
 Antarctic Ocean, and Antarctic Circle: see 
 Polar Seas, and Polar Circles. 
 
 Ant bear : see Ant-eater. 
 
 Ant-eater, I. 543 (ill.). Two-toed ant-eater, 
 544, 2 a. Scaly: see Pangolin. 
 
 Antefxce, in the Doric order of architecture, 
 I. 657, 1 b. 
 
 An'telope, I. 544. Structure of, 2 b. Vari¬ 
 eties of (ills.), 545-’6. Alpine or mountain 
 antelope, IY. 244, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Anten'njs (of insects and Crustacea), I. 546. 
 Antennal language (of insects), I. 546, 2 c. 
 Ante'nor, Trojan prince, I. 546. 
 
 Antequera [an-ta-ka'-ra], Spanish city, I. 547. 
 Antero-posterior fissure (of the liver), X. 536, 
 
 2 c. 
 
 Anthe'a ce'reus (zoology), I. 75, 2 ab. 
 Anthe'lia, VIII. 405, 2 c (Halo). 
 Antiielmin'tics : see Entozoa, VI. 670, 2 b. 
 An’tliemis nob'ilis (botany), IY. 245, 1 a. A. 
 
 cotula, 1 b, and XI. 305, 1 c. 
 
 Anthe'mius, emperor, I. 547. Architect, 1 b. 
 An'tiier (of flowers), I. 547. See Plant, XIII. 
 585, 1 c, and 586, 2 c. 
 
 Antherid'ium (botany), I. 300, 1 ab; VII. 151, 
 1 ab; X. 542, 1 be; XI. 864, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 An'therozoids (botany), I. 300, 1 b; VII. 151, 
 1 ab; X. 542, 1 c; XI. 864, 2 a (ill.). 
 Antheste'ria, festival, II. 192, 2 a. 
 
ANTIIIAS 
 
 ANTINOMIANS 
 
 37 
 
 An'thias (ichthyology), XIII. 284, 1 ab. 
 
 Ant hill , I. 541, 1 b (ill., 540). 
 
 Anthodes [an-tho'-deez], fossil fish, VII. G15, 
 1 c. 
 
 AnthoVogy club , alluded to, III. 389, 2 c. 
 
 Anthomy'ia (entomology), VI. 130, 1 be. A. 
 ceparum, VII. 295, 2 c (ill.); XII. 631, 1 c. 
 A. brassicoa, VII. 295, 2 c. A. lactucarum, 
 ib. A. scalaris, 296, 1 a; VI. 697, 2 a. A. 
 canicularis, VII. 296, 1 a. A. rapbani, ib. ; 
 XIV. 165, 1 b. 
 
 An'thon, Charles, LL. D., classical scholar, I. 
 547. His testimony respecting the “ Book 
 of Mormon,” XI. 833, 2 c. 
 
 An'thony, Henry B., journalist and senator, 
 I. 548. 
 
 Anthony, Saint, ascetic, 1.548. Catacombs of, 
 IX. 830, 1 b. St. Anthony’s fire, I. 548,1 b : 
 see Erysipelas. —Anthony of Padua, 1 b. 
 
 Anthony, Susan Brownell, reformer, I. 548. 
 
 Anthony's JVose, on the Hudson river, IX. 30, 
 
 1 a. 
 
 Anthoph'ila , bees, II. 451, 1 a. 
 
 AnthophyVl-ite , mineral, I. 803, 1 b. 
 
 Ajithoxan'thum odora'tum (botany), VIII. 167, 
 
 2 a (ills., 166, 2 b, 167, 1 a). 
 
 Anthozo'a : see Zoophytes. 
 
 An'thracene (chemistry), I. 548. 
 
 An'theacite, I. 548. (Map of the anthracite 
 
 region of Pennsylvania, and its connections 
 with the principal markets.) Analyses of 
 anthracite (table), 549. Anthracite coal 
 measures (ill.), 550, 1. Group of Pennsyl¬ 
 vania anthracite basins (ill.), 551, 1. Penn¬ 
 sylvania anthracite fields (table), 2 c. Dis¬ 
 covery and development of, 2 c, if. Table 
 of production, 554. Virginia anthracite 
 field, 555, 2 c. Anthracite fields of Prance, 
 556, 2 b. Origin of anthracite coal, 557, 
 la; of faults and irregularities, 2 a. Use 
 of it as fuel, 558, 1 a. See Coal. 
 
 Anthrax , malignant , cattle pest, XII. 57, 1 
 be; 60, 1 be. 
 
 Anthre'nus (entomology), II. 476, 2 c ; VI. 32, 
 1 c (ills.) and 2 a (A. musseorum). 
 
 An' thropoid apes , I. 168, 1 c. 
 
 Antheopol'ogy : see Anatomy, Archaeology, 
 Comparative Anatomy, Ethnology, Moral 
 Philosophy, Philosophy, and Physiology. 
 
 Anthropomorphism , one tendency of mona- 
 chism, XI. 729, 1 c. 
 
 ANTHROPOMORPniTEs, sect, I. 559. 
 
 Anthus (ornithology), XV. 773, 2 c. A. Ludo- 
 vicianus, 774, 1 ab (ill.). 
 
 An'tiar: see Upas Tree. 
 
 Antia'ris toxica'ria (botany), XVI. 216, 2 c 
 (ill., 217). A. saccidora, 217, 2 a. 
 
 Antibes [a nF -teeb], seaport town, I. 559. 
 
 Antica'ria: see Antequera. 
 
 Antichitd di Ercolano [an-te-ke-ta' de air-ko- 
 la'-no], I. 50, 2 b. 
 
 An'tichlor (chemistry), I. 559; IX. 137, 2 b; 
 XIII. 46, 2 c; XV. 152, 1 ab, and 455, 2 b. 
 
 Antichrist, I. 559. In the Bible, 1 c; in the¬ 
 ology, 2 a; in rabbinical writings and Mo¬ 
 hammedan traditions, 2 c. 
 
 Anticli'nal axis , XII. 9, 2 a (Mountain). 
 
 Anticonstitu'tionalists , IX. 528, 1 b (Jansenius). 
 
 Anticos'ti, island, I. 559. 
 
 Anticrepus' cular curve , XVI. 86,2 c (Twilight). 
 
 Anticyra [an-tis'-e-ra], city of Thessaly, I. 560. 
 City of Phocis, 1 a. 
 
 Antidor'cas eucho're (zoology), XV. 288, 1 ab 
 
 (ill.). 
 
 An'tidotes, I. 560. See Poison, XIII. 640, 1 a. 
 
 Antietam, Battle of [an-te'-tam], I. 560. Issue 
 of the president’s proclamation conditionally 
 abolishing slavery, 562, 2 a. 
 
 Antigone [an-tig'-o-ne], in Greek legend, I. 
 562. See (Edipus. 
 
 Antigone'a, a name of Mantinea, XI. 128, 2 a. 
 
 Antig'onus, Macedonian general, and king of 
 Asia, I. 562. Antigonus Gonatas, king of 
 Macedonia, 563, 1 b. Antigonus Doson, 
 king of Macedonia, 1 c. 
 
 Antigua [an-te'-gwa], island, I. 563. 
 
 Anti-Lebanon: see Anti-Libanus. 
 
 Antilegom' ena, in the Roman Catholic canon of 
 the Old Testament, I. 585, 2 a. 
 
 Anti-Lib'anus, or Anti-Lebanon, mountain 
 ridge, I. 563. 
 
 Antil'les [Fr. a ng -teey’], islands, I. 564. 
 
 Antilope [an-til'-o-pe], (zoology): see Ante¬ 
 lope. A. rupicapra, IV. 244, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Anti-ma'sonry, a political movement, I. 564. 
 
 Antimission Baptists , II. 293, 2 a. 
 
 Antimonial powder (pulvis antimonialis ), I. 
 565, la; IX. 520, 2 a. 
 
 Antimo'nium fern,ini'num, an old name of bis¬ 
 muth, II. 666, 2 c. 
 
 An'timony, a metal, I. 564. Crude, 565, 1 be. 
 Alloys of, 2 a. Tartar emetic, 2 b; as a 
 medicine, 2 c. 
 
 Anti-Nicene council , I. 700, 1 b (Arianism). 
 
 Antinoe [an-tin'-o-e], ancient city, I. 566, 2 b. 
 
 Antinomianism: see Antinomians. 
 
 Antino'mians, I. 566. In the apostolic church, 
 1 a. In the reformed churches, 1 b. In Eng- 
 
38 
 
 ANTINOMISTIC 
 
 ANTOMMAECHI 
 
 land, 1 c. In America, 2 a. See Hutchin¬ 
 son, Anne. 
 
 Antinomistic controversy , X. 733, 1 b. 
 Antinoopolis [an-tin-o-op'-o-lis], ancient city, 
 
 I. 566, 2 b. 
 
 Antinous [an-tin'-o-us], favorite of the emperor 
 Hadrian, I. 566. Temple of, XIII. 798, 2 be. 
 Antioch [an'-te-ok], city of Syria, I. 566 (ill.). 
 Antioch , aqueduct of , I. 612, 2 c; ruins of, 
 613, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Antioch College, I. 567. 
 
 Antiochi ' a , in Syria: see Antioch. In Meso¬ 
 potamia: see Edessa. 
 
 Antiochus [an-ti'-o-kus], name of Syrian kings. 
 Antiochus I., Soter, I. 568. Antiochus III., 
 the Great, 1 c. Antiochus IV., Epiplianes, 
 569, la: see Hebrews, YIII. 591, 2 c. An¬ 
 tiochus V., Y. 791, 2 a. 
 
 Antioquia [an-te-o-ke'-a], state, I. 569. 
 Antip'aros, island, I. 569. Grotto of, 1 a. 
 An'tipas, Herod: see Herod. 
 
 Antip'ater, general, I. 569. 
 
 Antiperiod'ics (medicine), YII. 165, 1 b. 
 An'tiphon, Greek orator, I. 570. 
 
 Antiph'onal singing , I. 570, 1 b. 
 
 Antiphonary , in the church service, XI. 635, 2 c. 
 Antiphony, in chanting, I. 570. See Chant, 
 IY. 265, 1 a. 
 
 Antip'olis : see Antibes. 
 
 Antipyretics (medicine), YII. 164, 1 b. 
 Antigua ' ria : see Antequera. 
 
 Antiquities , American : see American Anti¬ 
 quities (Index). 
 
 Antiquities of the old world . See Agrigen- 
 tum ; Alhambra ; Amphitheatre ; Appian 
 Way; Aqueduct; Architecture, I. 654, 1 
 a, and 660, 2 c; Arundel; Assyria, II. 36, 
 1 c; Athens, II. 59-64; Avebury ; Axum ; 
 Baalbek ; Babylon ; Bade ; Balaklava, 
 
 II. 231, 2 c; Bamian; Barrow (mound); 
 Bashan ; Bath, II. 382, 1 c, ff. ; Bath, Eng¬ 
 land ; Behistun ; Bejapoor ; Beneyento ; 
 Bethel, Palestine ; Bethlehem, Palestine ; 
 Bolsena; Brambanan; Bubastis; Burial; 
 BozRAn; Caerleon ; CAnoRS; Cairo ; Ca¬ 
 pua ; Carnac ; Carthage, IV. 37, 2 a (aque¬ 
 duct of, I. 611, 2 b); Cashel; Catacombs; 
 Cesar^ea ; Cesnola ; Chester, England ; 
 China (wall of), IY. 457, 2 b (ill., 458) ; Clo¬ 
 acae ; Colosseum ; Cromlech ; Cuneiform 
 Inscriptions ; Cyrene ; Denderah ; Edes¬ 
 sa ; Edfoo ; Elephanta ; Elephantine; 
 Ellora ; Ephesus ; Esne ; Ethiopia, YI. 
 750, 2 a; Etruria ; Frejus ; Gerasa ; Glass, 
 
 YIII. 7, 8 ; Halicarnassus ; IIamah ; He¬ 
 liopolis ; Herculaneum (see Pompeii) ; IIim- 
 yarites, YIII. 735, 2 a ; Inkerman ; Iona ; 
 Ireland, IX. 355, 1 a; Java, IX. 576, 1 a; 
 Jerusalem ; Karnak (see Thebes) ; Kash¬ 
 gar ; Lambessa ; Lillebonne ; Luxor (see 
 Thebes) ; Lycia, X. 742, 2 a ; Memphis, XI. 
 381,1 c; Mentz; Merida; Meroe, XI. 411, 
 2 a; Moab ; Mycenae ; Himes ; Pantheon ; 
 Pollanarrua ; Palmyra ; Persepolis ; 
 Philadelphia, Lydia and Palestine; Pom¬ 
 peii; Pyramid; Pome, XIY. 412, 413; Eo- 
 setta Stone (Index) ; Saguntum ; Saloni- 
 ca ; Selinus ; Serapis ; Sidon (see Saida) ; 
 Stonehenge; Syracuse, XY. 541, 2 c; 
 Thebes ; Treves ; Tripoli, XYI. 872, 1 c, 
 and 873, 2 be ; Troy, XYI. 10, 2 be ; Tyre; 
 Yerona, XYI. 323, 1 ab; Vienne (France) ; 
 Wroxeter. 
 
 Anti-Remonstrants, Calvinist party in the 
 church of Holland: see Netherlands, XII. 
 248, 1 b. 
 
 Anti-Bent'ism, resistance to the collection of 
 manorial rents, I. 570. 
 
 Antisana [an-te-sa'-na], volcanic mountain, I. 
 
 571. 
 
 Anti-Scorbu'tics : see Scurvy. 
 
 Antisep'tics, for preventing or correcting pu¬ 
 trefaction, I. 571. 
 
 Anti-Slavery : see Slavery. Anti-slavery 
 society, Hew England, the first in America, 
 YII. 629, 2 b. American anti-slavery so¬ 
 ciety (Philadelphia) organized, 2 c; agita¬ 
 tion intensified, ib. 
 
 Antispasmod'ics (medicine), I. 571. 
 Antisthenes [an-tis'-the-neez], philosopher, I. 
 
 572. 
 
 Antistrophe [an-tis'-tro-fe], part of the Greek 
 chorus, IY. 518, 1 c. 
 
 Antitau'rus : see Taurus. 
 
 Anti-trades: see Wind, XYI. 658, 1 c. 
 Antitransportation league , II. 134, 1 b (Aus¬ 
 tralia). 
 
 Antitrinita'rians : see Unitarianism. 
 
 Antium [an'-she-um], ancient city, I. 572. 
 Antlers of the deer , I. 183, 1 c; Y. 756, 2 b. 
 
 Of the stag, I. 183, 2 a; XY. 301, 2 c. 
 
 Ant Lion, or Lion Ant, I. 573 (ill.). Muscular 
 activity of, IX. 313, 2 a. 
 
 Antoine de Bourbon [a" r -twan duh boor-bo ng ], 
 duke of Vendome and king of Navarre, I. 
 
 573. 
 
 Antommarchi, Carlo Francesco [an-tom-mar'- 
 ke], physician to Napoleon, I. 573. 
 
ANTONELLI 
 
 APHRODITE 
 
 39 
 
 Antonel'li, Giacomo, cardinal and statesman, 
 I. 574. (Died 1876.) 
 
 Antonello da Messina, painter, I. 574. 
 Antoninia'na , an ancient name of Beyrout, II. 
 602, 2 c. 
 
 Antoni'nus, Marcus Aurelius, Roman emperor, 
 I. 574. Name assumed by Elagabalus, VI. 
 485, 1 a. 
 
 Antoninus , itinerary of referred to, VI. 209, 
 2 a. 
 
 Antoninus Pius, Titus Aurelius Eulvius, Ro¬ 
 man emperor, I. 575. 
 
 Anto'nio, Nicolas, Spanish bibliographer, I. 
 575. 
 
 Antonio de Silva , pseudonyme of Geronimo 
 Bermudez, II. 569, 1 c. 
 
 Antonius , C., consul with Cicero, IV. 120, 2 b; 
 121, 1 b. 
 
 Antonius, Marcus, Roman orator, I. 575. 
 An'tony, Mark, Roman triumvir, I. 576. His 
 relations with Cleopatra, IV. 668,1 c ; with 
 the triumvirate, X. 360, 2 c. 
 
 Anto’zone (chemistry), VII. 292, 1 c; XII. 
 
 777, 1 a. 
 
 Anto'zonite , mineral, VII. 292, 1 c. 
 Antraigues, Emmanuel Louis Henri de Lau- 
 nay, count d’ [da ng -traig], French adventurer, 
 
 I. 576. 
 
 Antrain [a ng -tra ng ], battle of, X. 175, 1 ab. 
 An'teim, county, Ireland, I. 577. Town, 1 b. 
 Antrim, county, Michigan, I. 577. 
 Antros'tomus Carolinen'sis (ornithology), VIII. 
 58, 1 c (ill.). A. vociferus, XVI. 596, 2 b. 
 A. Nuttalli, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Antrum Highmorianum (anatomy), VIII. 723, 
 1 ab. 
 
 Antuco [an-too'-ko], volcano, I. 479, 1 b. 
 An'twerp, province, I. 577. Capital city, 2 a. 
 Cathedral, 2 c (ill., 578). History, 578, 1 c. 
 Bombardment of, II. 491, 2 b; siege of, 492, 
 1 c. 
 
 Antwerp polyglot , XIII. 687, 2 b (Polyglot) : 
 
 II. 611, 1 a (Bible). 
 
 Anu [a-noo'J, Egyptian god, XII. 117, 1 c. 
 Anu'bis, Egyptian deity, I. 578 (ill.); V. 613,1 a. 
 Anukramanis (Hindoo literature), IX. 223, 1 a. 
 Anvers [a ng -vair]: see Antwerp. 
 
 An'vil, smith’s, I. 579. 
 
 Anville, Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d’ [da ng - 
 veel], geographer, I. 579. 
 
 Anx'a, an ancient name of Gallipoli in Italy, 
 VII. 581, 1 b. 
 
 Anx'ur, an ancient name of Terracina, XV. 
 660, 2 c. 
 
 Anzooan [an-zoo-an'j: see Johanna Island. 
 A'odon (zoology), XVI. 581, 2 c. 
 
 A!onyx (zoology), XII. 736, 2 a. A. inunguis, 
 ib. 
 
 Aor'ta, artery, I. 579; VIII. 557, 1 c. 
 
 Aortic valves , VIII. 558, 2 a. Aortic lesions, 
 564, 1 c. 
 
 Aosta [ows'-ta], town, I. 579. 
 
 Aosta , duke of: see Amadeus I. of Spain. 
 Aotes [a-o'-teez], (zoology), XI. 751, 2 ab. 
 Aoudad [ow-dad'j, (zoology), XIV. 837, 1 ab. 
 Ap , Welsh adjunct, meaning of, XII. 128,1 a. 
 ApaciTes, Indian tribes, I. 579; 709, 2 b; 
 710, 1 c. Apaches de Navajoa [da na-va- 
 k hd'-a], XII. 178, 1 a (Navajos). 
 
 Apat'ela , moths, XI. 869, 2 c. 
 
 Ap'atite: see Iron Ores, IX. 406, 1 c. Crys¬ 
 tallized apatite, X. 479, 1 a. 
 
 Apatu'ra (entomology), III. 499, 2 c. A. iris, 
 500, 1 a. 
 
 Ape, I. 580. Points of structural dissimilarity 
 from man, 2 b; points of resemblance in 
 their habits, 581, 1 b. 
 
 Apeldoorn [a'-pel-doarn], town, I. 581. 
 Apel'les, painter, I. 581. Brilliant coloring 
 of, how obtained, XII. 795, 1 b. 
 
 Apelt, Ernst Friedrich [a'-pelt], metaphysi¬ 
 cian, I. 581. 
 
 Apennines, I. 581. Ligurian, 2 c; Tuscan, 
 
 582, 1 b; Roman, or Central, 1 c; Neapoli¬ 
 tan, 2 a ; Calabrian, 2 ab. Sub-Apennines, 2 
 b ; Tuscan, 2 c ; Roman, ib. ; Neapolitan, ib. 
 
 Apenrade [a'-pen-ra-deh], seaport town, I. 
 
 583. 
 
 Ape's hill: see Gibraltar, VII. 800, 2 c. 
 A’pex, Roman priest’s hat, VII. 256, 1 b; 
 VIII. 509, 2 be. 
 
 Aphanap'teryx imperia'lis (ornithology), XI. 
 292, 1 b. 
 
 Apha'sia , loss of speech, III. 203, 2 b; am¬ 
 nesic and ataxic, 2 c; distinguished from 
 aphonia, 2 be, and XVI. 399, 1 a. 
 
 A 'phis (entomology), I. 583. 
 
 Apkobus , guardian of Demosthenes, II. 797, 
 2 a. 
 
 Apho'nia , loss of voice, XVI. 399, 1 a; III. 
 203, 2 c. 
 
 Apliri'za virga'ta (ornithology): see Surf 
 Bird. 
 
 Aphrodis'ia , festivals, XVI. 303, 1 a. 
 Apkrodita (zoology), XII. 229, 2 c. A. acu- 
 leata, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Aphrodi'te : see Venus, XVI. 302, 2 b. Wor¬ 
 ship of, whence derived, XIII. 453, 1 c. 
 
40 
 
 APHRODITE 
 
 APOTIIECIA 
 
 Aphrodite, a throw of dice, YI. 86, 2 b. 
 Aph'thce , on the mucous membrane, YI. 688,1 b. 
 Aphthalose: see Potassium, XIII. 761, 1 c. 
 Aphthous fever, XII. 57, 1 be; 58, 1 c. 
 
 Apia'rice, bees, II. 451, 1 a. 
 
 Apician and anti-Apician , factions in cook¬ 
 ery, I. 584, 1 b. 
 
 Apicius [a-pish'-us], name of three noted Ro¬ 
 man epicures, I. 584. 
 
 A'pis, bull worshipped by the Egyptians, I. 
 
 584. See XII. 116, 2 c; 720, 1 a. 
 
 Apis (entomology): see Bee. 
 
 A'pium grave'olens (botany), IY. 169, 2 c (ill., 
 170). 
 
 Aplanat'ic Lens, I. 584. 
 
 Aplo'cerus monta'nus (zoology), YIII. 57, 2 b 
 
 (ill.). 
 
 Aplodon'tia lepori'na (zoology), XIY. 794, 2 
 b (ill.). 
 
 Aplys'ia, mollusk, XI. 723, 1 a. Nervous sys¬ 
 tem of, XII. 234, 1 be. 
 
 Apneus'ta: see Mollusca, XI. 722, 2 c. 
 Apnoc'a: see Spinal Diseases, XV. 269, 1 b. 
 Apoc'alypse, or Revelation of St. John, I. 584. 
 Apocrisia'Hus: see Vigilius. 
 
 Apoc'rypha, I. 585. Controversy respecting 
 the circulation of it by the Bible societies, 
 II. 617, 2 a. 
 
 Ap’oda , an order of amphibia, I. 436, 1 a. 
 Apodyte’rium , in ancient baths, II. 382, 2 b; 
 383, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Apolda [a-pole'-da], town, I. 586. 
 Apollina'rians, sect, I. 586. 
 
 Apollina'ris, bishop of Laodicea: see Apolli- 
 narians. His father’s versification of the 
 Pentateuch and of the history of Israel, and 
 his own paraphrase of the Gospels in the 
 manner of Plato’s dialogues, XI. 626, 1 b. 
 Apollinop'oils Magna: see Edfoo. 
 
 Apol'lo, Grecian god, I. 586. Sacred fish, 
 favorite of Apollo: see Dolphin, VI. 191, 
 2 c, and Delphi, Y. 784, 1 c. 
 
 Apollo Belvedere [bel-va-da'-ra], statue, I. 
 
 586. Discovery of, 573, 1 b. 
 
 Apollo club , London, IX. 682, 1 ab. 
 
 Apollo Delphinius , Y. 784, 2 a. 
 
 Apollodo'rus of Ciiarys'tus, comic poet, I. 
 
 586. 
 
 Apollo'nia, ancient city, I. 586. 
 
 Apollon'icon: see Organ, XII. 691, 1 b. 
 Apollonius , general of Antiochus Epiphanes, 
 YIII. 592, 1 a. 
 
 Apollo'nius Perg^e'us, ancient geometer, I. 
 
 587. 
 
 Apollonius Rhodius, poet, author of the Ar- 
 gonautics, I. 587. 
 
 Apollonius Tyan^e'us, philosopher, I. 587. 
 Apollo Patro'us , temple of (site), II. 59, 2 c. 
 Apol'los, converted Jew, I. 587. 
 
 Apoll'yon, I. 587. In the Apocalypse, 2 c. 
 
 In Bunyan’s “ Pilgrim’s Progress,” 588, 1 a. 
 Apologia Confessionis (Melanchthon's), II. 108, 
 1 c, 2 c. 
 
 Apologists, early writers in defence of Chris¬ 
 tianity against its pagan adversaries: see 
 Christianity, IY. 537,1 be ; Athenagoras, 
 II. 54, 1 be; Augustine, II. 113,1 ab; Jus¬ 
 tin Martyr, IX. 728, 2 ab, ff.; Origen, XII. 
 692, 2 a, 693, 1 a; Tatian, XY. 583, 1 a; 
 Tertullian, XY. 663, 2 a. See also Wat¬ 
 son, Richard, XYI. 513, 1 a. 
 
 Apomorphia: see Emetics. » 
 
 Aponeuro'ses: see Muscle, XII. 67, 1 b. 
 Ap'opliis (snake giant), in the Egyptian religion, 
 V. 794, 1 b. 
 
 Apophyge [a-pof'-e-je]: see Architecture, I. 
 657, 1 c. 
 
 Apoph'ylite: see Lime, X. 479, 2 a. 
 
 Apoph'yses, in bone, III. 60, 1 c. 
 
 Ap'oplexy: see Brain, Diseases of the, III. 
 196, 2 c. Apoplexy from hemorrhage, 199, 
 
 1 be; treatment of, 2 b; fallacious premoni¬ 
 tory symptoms of, 2 be. Heat apoplexy: 
 see Sunstroke. Splenic (of horse and ox), 
 XII. 60, 2 c. 
 
 Apo’so (zoology), X. 641, 2 b (Lori). 
 
 Apostle of the English, II. Ill, 2 b; of the 
 Erisians, XYI. 620, 1 b; of Germany, III. 
 66, 2 c; of Greenland, YI. 449, 2 b; of the 
 Indians, YI. 527, 2 b; of the Indies, XYI. 
 754, 2 c; of the north, I. 537, 2 b; of Switz¬ 
 erland, VII. 569, 2 c. 
 
 Apostles, of Jesus Christ, I. 588. 
 
 Apostles’ Creed, I. 588. 
 
 Apostles of the Slavs, Y. 619, 2 c. 
 
 Apostol'ical Canons, III. 717, 2 b; Constitu¬ 
 tions, 2 c. 
 
 Apostolical junta: see Spain, XY. 214, 1 c. 
 Apostolical succession, in the church of Eng¬ 
 land, YI. 628, 2 be; in the Protestant Epis¬ 
 copal church, 691, 2 b; in the Lutheran 
 church, X. 734, 1 c. 
 
 Apostolicam, papal bull, referred to, IY. 663, 
 
 2 b. 
 
 Apostol'ici, name of three sects, I. 588. 
 Apothecaries ’ weight, I. 589, 1 b; XYI. 544, 2 c. 
 Apoth'ecary, I. 589. 
 
 Apothe'cia (botany), X. 409, 1 b. 
 
APOTHEME 
 
 APTERYX 
 
 41 
 
 Ap'otheme of aloes, I. 34V, 1 a. 
 
 Apoxyom!enos, ancient statue, X. V62, 2 b. 
 Appalacii'ee Bay, I. 589. 
 
 Appalacuiees, Indian tribe, I. 589. 
 Appalachian Mountains, I. 589. Extent, 
 2 ab; characteristic features, 2 b; general 
 course, 590, 1 a ; law of inclination of slope, 
 1 c; parallel ridges, 2 b; peculiarities of 
 structure, 2 be ; origin of the strata, 591, 
 1 be; “ faults,” 2 b; thermal springs, 592, 
 1 a; geological formations, ib. ; artesian wells 
 (salt water), 2 b; vegetation, 2 c. 
 Appalachico'la, river, I. 593. Town, 1 b. 
 Appanoose', county, I. 593. 
 
 Apparat'us, in physiology, I. 593. 
 
 Apparent time , Y. 722, 1 c. 
 
 Apparition, spectral illusion, I. 593. 
 
 Appeal', in law, I. 594. Appellate court at 
 common law, 1 ab; procedure in federal 
 courts, 1 b; grounds for appeal, 1 c; as re¬ 
 garded in the appellate court, 2 ab ; statutes 
 respecting, 2c; in criminal cases, 595, 1 a. 
 Appellate jurisdiction of the United States 
 supreme court, 1 b; of the circuit courts, 
 ib. ; court of appeals of New York, 1 c. 
 Appellate jurisdiction in England, 2 b; court 
 for crown cases reserved, 2 c. French sys¬ 
 tem, 596,1 b; German, 2 a. Ancient Eng¬ 
 lish practice in case of felony, 2 b ; wager 
 of battle, ib. 
 
 Appeals , triers of: see Methodism, XI. 456, 
 
 1 b. 
 
 “ Appeal to the God of battles ,” origin of the 
 expression, IV. 248, 2 c. 
 
 Appellants: see Jansenius, IX. 528, 1 b. 
 Appen'dices epiplo'icce , Y. 90, 2 c (Colon). 
 Appenzell [ap'-pen-tsel], canton, I. 597. 
 Ap'perley, Charles James, sporting writer, I. 
 597. 
 
 Appert, Benjamin Nicolas Marie [ap-pair], 
 philanthropist, I. 597. 
 
 ApperVs process for preserving alimentary sub¬ 
 stances, I. 222, 1 b. 
 
 Ap'pelency , new organs produced by, X. 118, 
 
 1 c. 
 
 Ap'petite, in physiology, I. 597. 
 
 Ap'pian, historian, I. 598. 
 
 Appiani, Andrea [ap-pya'-ne], painter, I. 598. 
 Appiano, name of an Italian family, I. 598. 
 Jacopo I., 1 c. Gherardo, ib. Jacopo III., 
 
 2 a. Jacopo IY., ib. 
 
 Appian Way, I. 598. Reopening of the, 2 b; 
 ill., 599. 
 
 Ap'pius Clau'dius : see Claudius. 
 
 Apple, I. 598. History of, 599, 1 b; general 
 description of, 1 c; cultivation of, 2 c; for 
 ornament, 600, 1 b ; as food, 1 c ; use of the 
 wood, ib. ; in commerce, 2 a; insects that 
 infest it, 2 c; varieties of apple, 601, 1 ab; 
 for exportation, 1 be. Black scars, how 
 produced, YII. 533, 1 a. 
 
 Apple essence, flavoring liquid, XYI. 246, 2 c. 
 Apples of Sodom, I. 601 ; XY. 155, 1 a. 
 Appleton, city, I. 601. 
 
 Appleton, Daniel, publisher, I. 601. 
 
 Appleton, Jesse, D. D., president of Bowdoin 
 college, I. 601. 
 
 Appleton, Nathan, merchant and political 
 economist, I. 601. 
 
 Appleton, Samuel, merchant and philanthro¬ 
 pist, I. 602. 
 
 Appling, county, I. 602. 
 
 Appold, J. George, inventor, I. 602. 
 Appomat'tox, county, I. 602. 
 
 Appomattox Court House, village, I. 602. 
 Lee’s surrender of the northern army of 
 Virginia, 2 b. 
 
 Appomattox River, I. 602. 
 
 Apponyi [op'-pon-ye], Hungarian family, I. 
 602. Gyorgy Antal, count, 2 c. Antal, ib. 
 Rudolf, ib. Gyorgy, ib. 
 
 Appraise'ment, I. 603. In American law, 1 b. 
 Apprentice, I. 603. Origin of apprenticeship, 
 
 1 be. Apprenticeship in France, 1 c; in 
 Germany, Italy, Great Britain, and Ireland, 
 
 2 a-c. Institution of guilds in England, 2 b ; 
 restrictive laws, 2 be. Contract of appren¬ 
 ticeship, 2 c ; at common law, 604,1 a ; stat¬ 
 ute law, 1 ab. Assignment of indenture, 605, 
 1 ab; obligations of masters, 1 b; dissolu¬ 
 tion of contract, 2 a. 
 
 Approach, military: see Siege, XV. 29, 1 be. 
 Appuleius: see Apuleius. 
 
 Aprax'in, Fedor, Russian grand admiral, I. 
 
 605. Stefan Fedorovitch, 2 b. 
 
 Ap'ricot, I. 605; ill., 606. Best varieties, 1 c. 
 Apries [a'-pre-eez], a king of Egypt, the 
 Hophra of the Bible, I. 606. 
 
 April, month, I. 606. All Fool’s Day, 2 b. 
 
 A priori conceptions, in Leibnitz’s philosophy, 
 X. 324, 2 b. 
 
 Apsheron, peninsula of: see Baku, II. 230,1 c, ff. 
 Apsis of ancient churches, IY. 566, 2 b. 
 
 Apsley, Baron, II. 390, 2 b. 
 
 Aptenodytes [ap-ten-o-di'-teez], (ornithology), 
 XIII. 248, 2 a. A. Pennantii, 2 c (ill.). 
 Ap'teral, in architecture, I. 606. 
 
 Ap'teryx (ornithology), I. 606. A. australis 
 
APTORNIS 
 
 42 
 
 (ill.), 607, 1 ab. A. Mantelli, 1 b. A. 
 Oweni, ib. 
 
 Aptornis (ornithology), YI. 116, 2 a. 
 
 Apuleius, or Appuleius [ap-pu-le'-yus], Roman 
 satirist, I. 607. 
 
 Apu'lia, a division of ancient Italy, I. 607. 
 
 Apulia Peucetia (Terra di Bari), II. 311, 2 a. 
 Apulians , an Italic race, IX. 439, 1 c. 
 
 Apure [a-poo'-ra], river, I. 608. 
 
 Apurimac [a-poo-re-mak'J, river, I. 608. 
 
 Aqua [a'-kwa], alchemic prefix, I. 608. 
 
 Aqua calcis: see Lime, X. 478, 1 a. 
 
 Aqua campho'ra: see Aqua. 
 
 Aqua cinnamo'mi : see Aqua. 
 
 Aqua Claudia , ruins of, I. 612, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Aqua Allob'rogum , I. 224, 2 a (Aix-leb- 
 Bains). 
 
 Aqua Borvo'nis , III. 157, 2 b (Bourbonne- 
 les-Bains). 
 
 Aqua Calen'tes , IY. 342, 2 c (Chaudes-Aigues). 
 Aqua Domitiana , I. 224, 2 a (Aix-les-Bains). 
 Aqua Flavia, IY. 347, 2 a (Chaves). 
 
 Aqua Gratiana , I. 224, 2 a (Aix-les-Bains). 
 Aqua Nisineii [ni-se-ne'-yi], III. 157, 2 a (Bour- 
 bon-Lancy). 
 
 Aqua Panno'nia , II. 210, 2 c (Baden). 
 
 Aqua Scxtia , I. 223, 2 ab (Aix). Battle of, 
 384, 2 b; IY. 583, 1 a. 
 
 Aqua So'lis , II. 388, 1 a (Bath). 
 
 Aqua Statiel'la , I. 72, 2 b (Acqui). 
 
 Aqua fortis (chemistry), XII. 464, 2 be. 
 Aquamarine [ak-wa-ma-reen'j, I. 608, 2 a; II. 
 588, 1 b (bis). 
 
 Aqua regia (chemistry), YIII. 72, 1 ab; IX. 
 109, 2 b. Origin of the name (alchemic), 
 XII. 468, 1 b. 
 
 Aqua'rians, or Eydroparastatse, sect of ascet¬ 
 ics, I. 609. 
 
 Aquarium, or Aquavivarium, I. 609. Scientific 
 use of, 1 a; office of plants and animals in it, 
 1 b. Fresh-water aquarium, 1 c (ill.). Ma¬ 
 rine tank, 610, 1 a (ills.). Office of marine 
 plants, 1 c; of animalcules, 2 a. Treatment 
 of the animals, 2 a. Aquarium in Regent’s 
 park, 2 c. 
 
 Aquarius , constellation: see Ganymede. 
 Aquatint engraving , YI. 653, 1 be. 
 
 Aqua Tofana [a'-kwa to-fa'-na], poison, I. 608. 
 
 Alluded to, III. 290, 2 a. 
 
 Aqua vita: see Aqua. 
 
 Aquavivarium : see Aquarium. 
 
 Aqueduct [ak'-we-dukt], I. 611. Aqueduct 
 of Carthage, 2 b ; ruins of (ill.), ib. Aqua 
 Claudia, 612,1 c; ruins of (ill.), ib. Aque- 
 
 ARABIC 
 
 duct of Antioch, 2 c; ruins of (ill.), 613. 
 Aqueduct of Nirnes, 1 b (ill.). Croton aque¬ 
 duct, 613, 2 be (ills.). Cochituate aqueduct, 
 615, 1 b (ill.). Trajan’s, XIY. 753, 1 c. 
 
 A'queous humor : see Eye, YII. 46, 1 c. 
 
 Aqueous vapor , the: see Meteorology, XI. 
 440, 2 b; ill., 441. 
 
 Aquid'neck , island, XIY. 291, 2 a; IY. 796,2 b, c. 
 
 Aquila [a'-kwe-la], fortified city, I. 616. 
 
 Aquila, Kaspar, reformer, I. 616. 
 
 Aquila (ornithology), YI. 347, 1 c. A. clirysa- 
 etos, ib. (ill.). A. Canadensis, 2 c. A. m&. 
 via, 348, 1 c. 
 
 Aquila'ria (botany), species of, YI. 351, 1 ab. 
 A. agallochum, ib ., and I. 347, 1 be. 
 
 Aquileia [a-kwe-la'-ya], village of the Austrian 
 Coastland, I. 616. Patriarchate of, 1 c. 
 
 Aqui'nas, Thomas, I. 616; XIII. 440, 1 b; XI. 
 811, 1 a. On the eucharist, X. 640, 1 ab. 
 On miracles, XI. 625, 1 b. Alleged agree, 
 ment with modern evolutionists, YII. 10, 1 c. 
 
 Aquin'cum , supposed site of, III. 392, 1 c. 
 
 Aquisgra'num. , I. 224, 1 b (Aix-la-Chapelle). 
 
 Aquitaine [a-ke-tain]: see Aquitania. 
 
 Aquita'nia, a division of ancient Gaul, I. 616. 
 
 Aquitania Tertia: see Gascony. 
 
 Mi?., abbreviation, XII. 535, 2 b. 
 
 A'ra (ornithology), species of, X. 770, 2 c. A. 
 ararauna, 771, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Arabella Stuart (the lady Arabella): see 
 Stuart, Arabella. 
 
 Arabesque [ar'-a-besk], I. 617 (ills.); 661, 2 c. 
 
 Arabgheer: see Arabgir. 
 
 Arabgir [a-rab-gheer'J, Arabgheer, or Arab- 
 kir, town of Asia Minor, I. 617. 
 
 Ara'bia, I. 617. Boundaries, 2 a. Ancient 
 divisions, 2 b ; modern do., ib. Sinaitic pen¬ 
 insula, ib .; Hedjaz, ib .; Yemen, 2 c; Ha- 
 dramaut, 618,1 ab; Oman, 1 b; El-Hasa or 
 Alisa, 1 c; hot springs, ib .; Nedjed, 2 a; 
 Slioiner, 2 b; Esh-Shelir or Malira, 2 c; El- 
 Yamamali, ib. Diseases, 619, 1 ab. Phys¬ 
 ical features, 1 b; geological formation, 2 b ; 
 flora, ib .; agriculture, 2 be; fauna, 2 c. Com¬ 
 merce, 620,1 b. Population, 1 be; religion, 
 2 b. Early history, 2 b; Nabathsean Arabs 
 or Ishmaelites, 621, 2 a; since the introduc¬ 
 tion of Mohammedanism, 2 c. See Asia, 
 and Africa, map of, I. 164-’5. 
 
 Arabian Nights , tales, I. 624, 1 a. 
 
 Arabia Philadelphensis , XIII. 389, 1 a. 
 
 Ar'abic acid (vegetable), YIII. 320,1 b. 
 
 Arabic article , definite, I. 227, 2 ab. 
 
 Arabic numerals, I. 622, 1 a; 625, 1 c. 
 
ARABIC 
 
 ARBITER 
 
 43 
 
 Arabic Language and Literature, I. 622. 
 Extent of Arabic literature, G23, 1 c (also 
 
 626, 1 b). Poetry, 2 b; prose, 2 c; theology 
 and law, G24,1 b; Mohammedan sects, 1 be; 
 history, 2 b; biography, 625, 1 b; philos¬ 
 ophy, ib. ; mathematics, 1 c (see Algebra, 
 and Mathematics, XI. 277, 1 c); medicine, 
 2 ab; chemistry, 2 b; botany, ib. ; geogra¬ 
 phy, 2 be; lost works, 1 c. First patronized 
 by the caliphs, I. 343, 1 a. 
 
 Arab'ioi, or Arabians, Christian sect, I. 626. 
 
 Arabine [ar'-a-bin]: see Gum, VIII. 321, 1 c. 
 
 Arabkir [a-rab-keer']: see Arabgir. 
 
 Arabs, their chemical knowledge: see Chem¬ 
 istry, IV. 357, 2 b. Their knowledge of 
 mathematics: see Algebra, and Mathemat¬ 
 ics, XI. 277, 1 c. Third siege of Constanti¬ 
 nople by them, X. 350, 2 ab. Their mental 
 characteristics, XIV. 761, 1 b. Arabs of 
 Tunis, characteristics of, XVI. 31, 1 ab. 
 
 Aracan', or Arracan, province, I. 626. Town, 
 2 b. 
 
 Aracaris (ornithology), XV. 820, 1 c. 
 
 Aracati [a-ra-ka'-te], port of Brazil, I. 626. 
 River, 2 be. 
 
 Arachis hypogcea [ar'-a-kis hi-po-je'-a], (bot¬ 
 any), XIII. 210, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 ARAcnNE [a-rak'-ne], mythical, I. 626. 
 
 Arach'nida (zoology), I. 626. Pulmonaria, 
 
 627, 1 b. Trachearia, 1 b and c, 2 a. See 
 Spider. 
 
 Arachnides [a-rak'-ne-deez], (botany), I. 218, 
 2 b. 
 
 Arachnids : see Arachnida. 
 
 Arachnoid (of the brain), III. 188, 1 c ; I. 462, 
 1 c. 
 
 Arad [or'-od], town of Hungary, I. 627. 
 
 A'rad (botany), X. 266, 2 c. 
 
 Ar'adus, islet, I. 627. 
 
 Arafat', or Orphat, Arabia, I. 627. Moham¬ 
 medan ceremonies connected with it, 2 c. 
 
 Arafura sea [a-ra-foo'-ra], II. 129, 1 a. 
 
 Arago, Dominique Francois [a-ra-go], physi¬ 
 cist and statesman, I. 628 ; on polarized light, 
 X. 448, 2 be; V. 96, 2 b. Jean, I. 628, 2 b. 
 Jacques Etienne Victor, 2 c. Etienne, ib. 
 Emmanuel, 629, 1 b; III. 53, 1 b. 
 
 Ar'agon [Sp. a-ra-goan'], kingdom and cap¬ 
 taincy general, I. 629. Independent juris¬ 
 diction of, extinguished: see Perez, XIII. 
 287, 2 c. 
 
 Aragona [a-ra-go'-na], town of Sicily, I. 630. 
 
 Arag'onite: see Crystallography, V. 540, 2 a. 
 
 Araguato [a-ra-gwa'-to], (zoology), XI. 750, 2 c. 
 
 Araguay, or Araguaya [a-ra-gwl', -gwi'-ya], 
 river, I. 630. 
 
 Araguaya: see Araguay. 
 
 Araince [a-ra-I'-ne], (ornithology), X. 770, 2 b. 
 Ara Jovis : see Aranjuez. 
 
 Araktcheyeff, Alexei, count [a-rak-cha'-yef], 
 I. 630. Allusion to, 283, 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 A'ral, Sea of, I. 631. 
 
 Ara'lia (botany), VII. 816, 1 a. A. quinque- 
 folia (ill.), ib. A. nudicaulis, XIV. 635, 2 c. 
 A. papyrifera, XIV. 311, 1 ab. A. racemosa, 
 XV. 267, 2 b. 
 
 A'ram, a region of Asia, I. 631. See Mesopo¬ 
 tamia, and Syria, XV. 546, 1 c. 
 
 Aram, Eugene, I. 631. Hood’s ballad, “ The 
 Dream of Eugene Aram,” and Bulwer’s ro¬ 
 mance, “ Eugene Aram,” 632, 1 b. 
 
 Arama'ic language , I. 631, 2 a. 
 
 Ara'mus (ornithology), V. 427, 2 c. A. gigan- 
 teus, ib. A. scolopaceus, 428, 1 b (ill.). 
 Aran'da, Pedro Pablo Abarca y Bolea, count 
 of, Spanish statesman, I. 632. 
 
 Aranjuez [a-ran- k hwaith'J, town of Spain, I. 
 632. 
 
 Arany, Janos [or'-ony’], Hungarian poet, I. 
 632. 
 
 Aranyaka , Hindoo religious work, IX. 222, 
 2 b ; 227, 1 c. 
 
 Arap'ahoe, county, I. 632. 
 
 Arapahoes, Indian tribe, I. 632. 
 
 Arapiles [a-ra-pe'-lace], hero of the, IV. 647, 
 1 a. 
 
 Arapon'ga , bird, XVI. 109, 2 c. 
 
 A'rar: see Saone. 
 
 Ar'arat, mountain of Asia, I. 633 (ill.). 
 Ararat, or Pilot Mountain, I. 633. 
 
 Aras [a-ras']: see Araxes. 
 
 Arateia [ar-a-te'-ya], festival games, I. 634, 
 
 1 ab. 
 
 Ara'tus, Greek poet, I. 633. Greek general 
 and statesman, 1 c. See Achjean League, 
 62, 2 b. 
 
 Araucana , La [la a-row-ku/-na], Spanish epic, 
 VI. 705, 1 c. 
 
 Arauca'nians, Indian nation, I. 634. 
 
 Arauco [a-row'-ko], province, I. 635. 
 
 Arau'sio: see Orange, XII. 666, 1 c. 
 
 Arax'es, river, I. 635. 
 
 Arba'ces, founder of the Median empire, I. 635. 
 Ar'balast, or Crossbow : see Archery, I. 649, 
 
 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Arbe'la, village, I. 635. Battle of, 2 a; 276, 
 
 2 be; IV. 142, 1 a. 
 
 Arbiter [ar'-be-ter], Roman umpire, I. 635. 
 
44 
 
 ARBITRATION 
 
 ARCHER 
 
 Arbitration, I. 635. How different from a 
 reference, 2 b. General rule in respect to 
 the former, 2 c. Who are competent to be 
 parties to it, 636, 1 b. State statutes re¬ 
 specting it, 2 ab. Effect of a submission to 
 arbitration, and of its award, 637, 1 ab. 
 Power of arbitrators, ib. Statute of Penn¬ 
 sylvania, 1 c. In England, councils of con¬ 
 ciliation and arbitration, 2 a. In France, 
 courts of prudhommes, ib. —Arbitration for 
 settling international disputes, X. 229, 1 b. 
 In the case of the Alabama claims, ib., and 
 VIII. 160, 1 c; in that and other cases un¬ 
 der the treaty of Washington, XYI. 187, 
 2 b, ff. 
 
 Arbitration clause, in articles of association, 
 I. 635, 2 c. 
 
 Arblay, Madame d’ [dar'-bla], (Frances Bur¬ 
 ney), English novelist, I. 637. 
 
 Ar'bogast (Arbogas'tes), I. 638. See Am¬ 
 brose, I. 385, 1 c. 
 
 Arbois [ar-bwa], town, I. 638. 
 
 Arbor, of wheel, XYI. 591, 1 b. In the ma¬ 
 chinery of a clock or watch, IY. 699, 2 c. 
 
 Ar'bor Yi'TaE, tree, I. 638 (ill.). 
 
 Arbor ritce, of the cerebellum, III. 190,1 a. 
 
 Arbrissel, Robert of, founder of the order of 
 Fontevrault, I. 638. 
 
 Ar'broath, Aberbrothwick [ab-er-broth'-ik], 
 or Aberbroth'ock, municipal burgh, I. 638. 
 
 Ar'buthnot, John, physician and writer, I. 
 638. 
 
 Arbuthnot, British subject, tried and executed 
 by order of Andrew Jackson, IX. 491, 1 c. 
 
 Arbu'tus (botany), I. 639. A. unedo, straw¬ 
 berry tree, 2 a (ill.). Trailing arbutus, 2 c 
 (ill., 640). 
 
 Arc, portion of a curved line, I. 640. 
 
 Arc on the earth's surface, measurement of: 
 see Earth, YI. 355, 1 ab; Degree, Y. 764, 
 2 c. Used by Eratosthenes to ascertain the 
 size of the earth, Y. 765, 1 a. Monument 
 marking the commencement of great Euro¬ 
 pean arc, YIII. 427, 2 a. 
 
 Arc, Joan of: see Joan of Arc. 
 
 ARCAcnoN [ar-ka-sho ng ], village, I. 640. 
 
 Arca'dia, in Greece, I. 640. 
 
 Arcadian stag , capture of the, YIII. 679, 1 c. 
 
 Arcadius, emperor, I. 641. 
 
 Ar’canite: see Potassium, XIII. 761, 1 c. 
 
 Arca’num, celebrated villa, I. 763,1 c (Arpino). 
 
 Arcanum tarta're: see Potassium, XIII. 763, 
 2 a. 
 
 Arcella: see Protozoa, XIY. 36, 2 ab. 
 
 Arcelli'na, animalcules, I. 515, 1 b. 
 
 Arcesilaus [ar-ses-e-la'-us], philosopher, 1.641. 
 
 Arceutho'bium (botany), XI. 676, 1 c. A. oxy- 
 cedri, ib. A. campylopodium, 2 a. 
 
 Arch, I. 641. Etruscan, 2 a; Roman, ib., and 
 658, 2 be; triumphal, 642,1 a ; pointed, 662, 
 1 b, 2 a; lancet, 663, 2 b; decorated Gothic 
 (ill.), 665. Arch of Trajan at Ancona, 469, 
 1 a (ill.). Arch of Titus at Rome, XIY. 
 412, 2 a (ill.). Arch of Constantine, 2 c 
 (ill.). 
 
 Archceanac'tidee, Cimmerian dynasty, III, 113, 
 1 c. 
 
 Archaeology [ar-ke-ol'-o-je], I. 642. Three¬ 
 fold division of the primeval period of man, 
 1 c. Stone age, ib. ; cave period, 2 b; hu¬ 
 man skeletons, 643, 1 b. Polished-stone or 
 neolithic age, 1 be. Shell mounds in Den¬ 
 mark, 1 c; in the United States, 2 a. Lake 
 dwellings of Switzerland, 2 b; burial mounds, 
 ib. ; domestic animals found in them, ib. ; 
 occupations of man, 2 be ; two human races, 
 ib. Bronze age, 2 c, and 644, 2 b; advance 
 in civilization, 1 a; transition period, 1 b; 
 iron age, ib., and 2 b; historic age, ib. Lar- 
 tet’s two prehistoric ages, 1 c. Synchronism 
 of different ages, 2 be. 
 
 Argfleop'teryx (ornithology), I. 645 (ill.). 
 Tail in A. macrurus, 1 c. 
 
 Arched us, a spiritual essence, YIII. 624, 2 c; 
 XIII. 484, 2 a. 
 
 Archangel [ark-ain'-jel], a government of 
 Russia, I. 645. Capital, 2 b. 
 
 Archbish'op, I. 646. First formal sanction of, 
 1 ab ; suffragans, 1 b. 
 
 Archconfraternity of the Immaculate Heart of 
 Mary, XI. 218, 1 b. 
 
 Archdea'con, ecclesiastical dignitary, I. 646. 
 
 Archdevs, in Persian demonology, Y. 793, 2 be. 
 
 Archduke', German title, I. 646. 
 
 Archebi'osis (beginnings of life): see Bastian, 
 H. C., II. 374, 2 c; Bacterium, 208, 1 b. 
 
 Archego'nia (botany), YII. 151, 1 ab; X. 542, 
 
 1 c ; XI. 864, 2 b. 
 
 Archelaus [ar-ke-la'-us], philosopher, I. 647. 
 King of Macedon, 1 b. General, 1 c. Two 
 kings of Comana, 2 ab. King of Cappadocia, 
 
 2 be. Son of Herod the Great, king, 2 c. 
 Sculptor, 648, 1 a. 
 
 Archenceph ala : see Philosophical Anatomy, 
 XIII. 429, 1 a. 
 
 AncnENiioLz, Johann Wilhelm, baron [ar'- k hen- 
 holts], author, I. 648. 
 
 Arch'ek, county, I. 648. 
 
ARCHER 
 
 ARCTIC 
 
 45 
 
 Archer , F. Scott , collodion process discovered 
 by, XIII. 470, 1 be; V. 78, 1 c. 
 
 Archery, I. 648. Different forms of weapons, 
 with illustrations. Longbow, 2 be (ill.): see 
 744, 2 c. Crossbow, 649, 1 b (ill.); inferior 
 to the longbow', 744, 2 c. 
 
 ARcnEs, Court of, ecclesiastical, I. 649. Dean 
 of the, 2 c. 
 
 Arches, triumphal, I. 642, 1 a-c. See Arch 
 (Index). 
 
 Archias, Aulus Licinius [ar'-ke-as], poet, I. 650. 
 
 Archiater [ar-ke-a'-ter], medical title, I. 650. 
 Salaried civil officer, required to attend the 
 poor gratuitously, 1 be; XI. 348, 1 a. 
 
 Archibald, Adams G., statesman, I. 650. 
 
 Archibald Bell-the- Cat , YI. 223, 2 be. 
 
 Archibuteo [ar-ke-bu'-te-o], (ornithology), III. 
 506, 2 b. A. lagopus, ib. A. Sancti Johan- 
 nis, 507, 1 a (ill., 506, 2 c). 
 
 Archida'mia: see Agis, king of Sparta, I. 
 187, 2 c. 
 
 Archidamtis [ar-ke-da'-mus], name of five 
 kings of Sparta, I. 650. Archidamus II., 
 2 ab: see Greece, YIII. 192, 1 b. Archi¬ 
 damus III., 2 b; referred to, I. 186, 2 c. 
 
 Archil [ar'-kil], or Orchil, plant, I. 650. Dis¬ 
 covery of, YI. 339, 1 b. 
 
 Archilochus of Pa'ros [ar-kil'-o-kus], poet, I. 
 651. 
 
 Archimandrite [ar-ke-man'-drite], in the Greek 
 church, I. 651. See ExARcn. 
 
 Archime'dean Screw, I. 651 (ills.). 
 
 Archimedes [ar-ke-me'-deez], mathematician 
 and mechanician, I. 651. Possibility of his 
 alleged use of a burning glass proved, III. 
 471, 2 be. Principle of Archimedes, I. 652, 
 
 1 a; demonstration of it, IX. 119, 2 b (ills.). 
 His mechanical theories, XI. 316, 1 c and 
 
 2 c. Idea of exhaustion introduced by him 
 into geometry, YII. 701, 1 c. 
 
 Archipelago [ar-ke-pel'-a-go], Greek, I. 652. 
 Indian, 2 b. See Mediterranean Sea, and 
 Indian Archipelago. 
 
 Architecture [ar'-ke-tek-ture], I. 652. Pe- 
 lasgic, 653, 1 a. Babylonian, 1 be. Assyr¬ 
 ian, Phoenician, Syrian, Hebrew, 1 c. Chi¬ 
 nese and Hindoo, 2 ab. Egyptian, 2 b. Gre¬ 
 cian, 654, 2 b. Grecian temple, 2 c; chora- 
 gic monuments, 655, 1 c; agoras, gymnasi¬ 
 ums, baths, 2 a. Orders of, 2 b; Doric, ib .; 
 Ionic, 657, 1 be; Corinthian, 2 be. Etrus¬ 
 can, 658, 1 c; Tuscan order, 2 a. Roman, 
 ib. ; Roman Corinthian, 659, 1 b; compo¬ 
 site, 2 b; Roman Doric, 2 be ; Roman Ionic, 
 
 660, 1 b. Architecture of the middle ages, 
 
 661, 1 ab. Byzantine, introduction of, 2 a. 
 Saracenic and Moorish, 2 be. Old Gothic, 
 
 662, 2 a; pointed style, 663, 2 b; its primary 
 period, ib. ; its second, decorated or rayon- 
 nant, 664, 1 b; its third, perpendicular or 
 flamboyant, 1 c. The renaissance or revival, 
 2 ab. Modern architecture, 665, 1 c; Greek 
 revival, 2 ab; Gothic revival, ib., and 666, 
 1 be; neo-grecque or romantique, 1 ab; 
 “ Yictorian Gothic,” 1 c. (Ills.) 
 
 Architecture, schools of, YI. 431, 2 c. 
 Architecture of Lamaic temples , X. 117, 2 a. 
 Architeu'this mon'achus, mollusk, XY. 294, 2 c. 
 A. princeps, 295, 1 a. 
 
 Architrave: see Architecture, I. 656, 2 b; 
 
 Ionic, 657, 2 b ; Corinthian, 2 c. 
 
 Archon [ar'-kon], of Athens, I. 666: see 
 Greece, YIII. 188, 2 c. Decennial, I. 666, 
 2b; II. 54, 2 c. 
 
 Archonts, XI. 359, 2 be (Megastiienes). 
 Archytas of Tar'entum [ar-kl'-tas], philoso¬ 
 pher, I. 667. 
 
 Arcis-sur-Aube [ar-se-siir-obe], town, I. 667. 
 Arco della pace [pa'-cha], XI. 531, 2 c (Milan). 
 Arcole [ar-ko'-la], village, and battle of, I. 667. 
 Arcos de la Frontera [ar'-koce da la frone- 
 ta'-ra], town of Spain, I. 667. 
 
 Arcot', district of the Carnatic, I. 667. Cap¬ 
 ital town, 2 a. Capture of by the English, 
 IY. 693,1 ab. Siege and assault by Cliunda 
 Sahib, 1 be. 
 
 Arctia [ark'-te-a], (entomology), species of, XI. 
 
 868, 1 c. A. aciTea, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Arctic Discovery, I. 667. Map, 668. At¬ 
 tempts to reach the north pole and a north¬ 
 west passage, 1 c. Hudson’s voyages, 669, 
 1 b. Extreme variation of the magnetic 
 needle observed, 2 a. Open polar sea re¬ 
 ported, 2 be. Expeditions in part for scien¬ 
 tific objects, 2 c; of Ross and Lieut. Parry, 
 of Buchan and Franklin, and of Lieuts. Par¬ 
 ry and Liddon, 670, 1. Franklin’s overland 
 expedition, 670, 2 b, and 671, 2 b. Position 
 of the true magnetic pole determined, 672, 
 
 1 c. Hudson Bay company’s expeditions, 
 
 2 b, and 673, 1 b. Sir John Franklin’s last 
 voyage, 673, 1 c. Expeditions sent to aid 
 him, 2 ab; from the United States, 674, 2 b. 
 His first winter quarters found, 2 c. Discov¬ 
 ery of his remains, and of a record of the 
 lost expedition, 678,1 c. Dr. Kane’s expedi¬ 
 tion, 676, 2 ab; scientific results of it, 677, 
 1 c. Hayes’s expedition, 679, 1 b; Capt. 
 
46 
 
 ARCTIC 
 
 ARGENT 
 
 Hall’s, 2 b, 680, 2 b. German expeditions, 
 
 680, 1 a; Austrian, 1 c. 
 
 Arctic expeditions: see Arctic Discoyert; 
 Barentz, Willem; Billings, Joseph; Bu¬ 
 chan, David; Hayes, Isaac Israel; Kolde- 
 wey, Ivarl; Wrangell, Ferdinand. 
 
 Arctic ocean : see Polar Seas, XIII. 653, 1 c. 
 Arctoceph'alus Falldan' dicus (zoology), XIV. 
 734, 2 b. 
 
 Arctom'econ Califor'nicum (botany), XIII. 715, 
 2 b. 
 
 Arc'tomys (zoology), XI. 182, 1 a. A. marmo- 
 ta, ib. (ill.). A. monax, XYI. 706, 2 be (ill.). 
 Arctos , constellation, III. 621, 2 c. 
 
 Arctu'rus, star, I. 680; III. 86, 1 ab (Bootes). 
 Arcueil [ar-kiihy’], village, I. 681. 
 
 Ar'cus sen'ills: see Heart, Diseases of the, 
 VIII. 565, 1 c. 
 
 Arcy, Grotto of, I. 681. 
 
 Arcyria , fungi, VII. 533, 2 a. 
 
 Ardabil [ar-da-beel'j, Ardebil, or Erdebil, 
 town, I. 681. 
 
 Ar'dea (ornithology), II. 670, 1 b (Bittern) ; 
 A. minor, 2 a; A. (butorides) virescens, 2 ab 
 (ill.). VI. 453, 1 c (Egret); A. (herodias) 
 egretta, ib. (ill.); A. alba, 2 c (ill., 454); A. 
 garzetta, 454, 1 b (ill.); A. Coromanda, 1 c; 
 A. rufa, 2 a (ill.). VIII. 689, 2 a (Heron) ; 
 A. cinerea, 690, 1 a (ill., 689); A. purpurea, 
 
 1 be; A. Ludoviciana, 1 c (ill.); A. hero¬ 
 dias, 2 c (ill.) ; A. occidentalis, 691, 2 a (ill.) ; 
 A. coerulea, 2 b. 
 
 Ardebil: see Ardabil. 
 
 ARDEcnE [ar-daish], department of France, I. 
 
 681. 
 
 Arde'idce (ornithology), II. 670, 1 b. 
 
 Ardennes [ar-den], department of France, I. 
 
 681. 
 
 ARDEsniR [ar-deh-slieer'], Ardshir, or Artax- 
 erxes, Babegan, founder of the Sassanide 
 dynasty, I. 681; 773, 2 a. 
 
 Ardet'ta exi'lis (ornithology), II. 670, 1 ab 
 (ill., 671). 
 
 Arditi, Luigi [ar-de'-te], violinist and com¬ 
 poser, I. 681. 
 
 Ar elate [ar-e-la'-te], ancient town, I. 718, 2 a 
 (Arles) ; kingdom of, 2 b, and VII. 379, 2 c. 
 Ard-righ , title, III. 263, 2 c. 
 
 Ardshir: see Ardeshir. 
 
 Are [are], French unit of surface, I. 682. 
 
 Areca [a-re'-ka], (botany), XIII. 17, 1 c. A. 
 lutescens, 16, 2 b (ilk, 17). A. catechu, 17, 
 
 2 a (ill.); II. 593, 1 b. A. oleracea, III. 524, 
 1 c (ill.); XIII. 17, 2 c (oreodoxa oleracea). 
 
 Areca island , XIII. 245, 1 c (Penang). 
 
 Areca palm, XIII. 17, 2 a (ill.); II. 593, 1 b. 
 Arecin'ece (botany), XIII. 17, 1 c. 
 
 Are'na, of an amphitheatre, I. 439, 2 c. 
 Aren'acum , I. 757, 1 c (Arnhem). 
 
 Arendal [a'-ren-dal], town of Norway, called 
 “Little Venice,” I. 682. 
 
 Arenic'ola (entomology), X. 562, 1 c. A. pis- 
 catorum, 2 a; VI. 218, 1 c. 
 
 Are'ola: see Mammary Glands, XI. 83, 1 c; 
 
 Obstetrics, XII. 569, 1 a. 
 
 Areolce, of the lungs, X. 721, 1 a. 
 
 Areolar Tissue : see Cellular Tissue. 
 Areometer [a-re-om'-e-ter]: see Hydrometer. 
 Areopagites [a-re-op'-a-jites]: see Illuminati, 
 IX. 193, 1 c. 
 
 Areop'agus, of Athens, I. 682; II. 59, 2 be. 
 Council or court of the Areopagus, I. 682, 
 lb; II. 55, 1 a and c. 
 
 Arequipa [a-ra-ke'-pa], department of Peru, I. 
 
 682. Volcano of Misti or Arequipa, 2 a 
 (ill.). Capital town, 2 c. 
 
 Ares [a'-reez]: see Mars. 
 
 Aret^eus [ar-e-te'-us], physician, I. 683. His 
 theory of insanity, IX. 297, 1 be. 
 
 Arethusa [ar-e-thu'-za], fountain and nymph 
 (Nereid), I. 683, and 351, 1 c. One of the 
 Ilesperides, 683, 1 a. Fountain repaired, 
 XV. 542, 1 be. 
 
 Aretino, Guido, or Guido d 1 Arezzo [a-ra-te'- 
 no, gwe'-do da-ret'-so], Benedictine monk, I. 
 
 683. See Bruni, Leonardo. Pietro, Italian 
 -writer, 1 c. 
 
 Are'tium , I. 683, 2 b (Arezzo). 
 
 Arezzo [a-ret'-so], province, I. 683. Capital 
 city, 2 b. 
 
 Arg^us, Mount [ar-je'-us]: see Arjish. 
 Argali [ar-ga'-le]: see SnEEP, XIV. 836, 2 c. 
 Asiatic, ib. (ill., 837). African, 837, 1 ab. 
 American, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Argall, Samuel [ar'-g’l], adventurer, I. 683. 
 Argand burner, X. 129, 1 be. 
 
 Argelander, Friedrich Wilhelm August [ar'~ 
 glieh-lan-der], astronomer, I. 684. (D. 1875.) 
 Argemone Mexica'na [ar-jem'-o-ne], (botany), 
 XIII. 715, 1 c. 
 
 Argens, Jean Baptiste de Boyer, marquis d’ 
 [dar-zha ng ], writer, I. 684. 
 
 Argenson, Voyer d’ [vwa-ya dar-zha ns -so n? ], 
 French family, I. 684. Rene Louis, 2 b. 
 Marc Pierre, 2 c. Marc Antoine Ren6 de 
 Palmy, ib. Marc Ren6, 685, 1 a. 
 
 Ar'gent [Fr. ar-zha ng ], in heraldry, VIII. 671, 
 2 a, b. 
 
ARGENTAN 
 
 ARIOSTO 
 
 47 
 
 Argentan [ar-zlia ng -ta ng ], town of France, I. 
 685. 
 
 Ar'gentane, or argentan: see German Silver, 
 and XYI. 817, 1 be. 
 
 Argenteuil [ar-zha^-ttLhy’], town of France, 
 I. 685. Nunnery of, 1 c: see Abelard, I. 
 18, 1 b. 
 
 Argenteuil, county, I. 685. 
 
 Argen'teus Co'dex, I. 685. See Gothic Lan¬ 
 guage and Literature, YIII. 125, 1 c. 
 Argen'tic oxide , XY. 48, 2 c (Silver). 
 Argentine flowers of antimony, crystals, I. 565, 
 1 a. 
 
 Argentine Republic [ar'-jen-teen], {La Re- 
 publica Argentina , la ra-poo'-ble-ka ar- k hen- 
 te'-na), I. 685 (map). Provinces, area, and 
 population, 1 be. Physical features, 687, 2 a. 
 Rivers, 688, 1 b; lakes, 2 b. Geology, 689, 
 
 1 a. Fossils, 1 b. Minerals, 1 c. Climate, 
 
 2 b. Soil, 690,1 ab. Flora, 1 b. Fauna, ib. 
 Statistics of farming stock, ib. Manufac¬ 
 tures, 691,1 a. Commerce, 1 b. Intercommu¬ 
 nication, 1 c. Telegraph, 2 ab. Banks, 2 b. 
 Post office department, ib. Constitution and 
 government, ib. Finances, 1 b. Education, 
 692, 2 a. Religion, 2 ab. History, 2 b. 
 
 Argentite, XY. 49, 2 be (Silver). 
 
 Argentora' turn, ancient city, XY. 410, 2 c. 
 Argen'tum, origin of the name, XV. 47, 2 a. 
 
 Argentum vivum, XI. 400, 1 c (Mercury). 
 Argilla'ceous (smell or taste), IY. 649, 1 a. 
 Arginu'sce , naval battle of: see Greece, YIII. 
 195, 1 a. 
 
 Argives [ar'-jives], Greek tribe, I. 696. 
 
 Argo , fabled ship, I. 696, 2 b (Argonauts). 
 Ar'gob , ancient city, II. 359, 2 b (Bashan). 
 Argol: see Tartar, XY. 574, 2 b, and Wine, 
 XYI. 666, 2 be. 
 
 Argolis : see Argos. 
 
 Argolis and Corinth , nomarchy, I. 697, 2 c. 
 Argonaut, mollusk: see Nautilus, XII. 175, 
 1 c, 177, la (ill.), and Cephalopoda, IY. 
 207, 1 a and c. Argonaut without the shell 
 (ill.), IY. 207, 1 a; with the shell (ill.), 1 c. 
 Power of changing its color, 243, 1 b 
 (Chameleon) ; XII. 177, 1 be (Nautilus). 
 Argonau'ta (mollusca), XII. 177,1 a. A. argo, 
 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Argonauts, in Greek legend, I. 696. 
 
 Argonne [ar-giin], region in France, I. 697. 
 Argonne forest: see Argonne, I. 697, 1 b. 
 
 French ThermopykB, ib. 
 
 Argoon, or Argun [ar-goon'], river, I. 697. 
 Ar'gos, or Argolis, ancient Greece, I. 697. 
 
 Kingdom and city of Argos, 2 b; modern 
 town, 2 c. 
 
 Argot [ar-go]: see Slang. 
 
 Arguelles, Augustin [ar-gwa'-lyace], states¬ 
 man, I. 697. 
 
 Arguerite , XY. 49, 2 ab (Silver). 
 
 Argun : see Argoon. 
 
 Argus, mythical, I. 698. See Io. 
 
 Argus (ornithology), XIII. 384, 2 c. A. gigan- 
 teus, ib. (ill., 385). 
 
 Argyle : see Argyll. 
 
 Argylesiiire, or Argyllshire [ar-ghile'-sher], 
 county, I. 698. 
 
 Argyll, or Argyle [ar-ghile'], earls and dukes 
 of, I. 698. 
 
 Argyllshire : see Argyllshire. 
 
 Argyn'nis (entomology), III. 498, 2 b. A. 
 Diana, ib. 
 
 Argyreio'sus (ichthyology), YI. 219, 2 c. 
 
 Argyre'us (ichthyology), Y. 628, 1 c. A. atro- 
 nasus, 2 b (ill.). A. nasutus, 2 c. 
 
 Argyrip'pa, ancient town, VII. 301, 1 a. 
 
 Argyro-Kasteo [ar'-glie-ro-kas'-tro], Albanian 
 town, I. 699. 
 
 Argyropulos, Johannes [ar-ghe-rop'-oo-los], 
 scholar, I. 699. 
 
 A'ria, XII. 93, 2 a (Music). 
 
 Aeiad'ne, in Greek legend, I. 699. 
 
 Aeial'dus, Christian martyr, I. 699. 
 
 A'rianism, I. 700. See Arius. Conflict be¬ 
 tween the Orthodox and Arians in the Ro¬ 
 man empire, 1 b. Arianism in the Germanic 
 tribes, 701, 1 b. See Christ (Index). 
 
 Ariano [a-re-a'-no], town of Italy, I. 701. 
 
 Arians: see Arianism, and Trinity. See 
 Christ (Index). 
 
 Aria Palus , lake, XIY. 755, 1 c. 
 
 A'rias Monta'nus, Benedictus, oriental scholar, 
 I. 701. See Polyglot, XIII. 687, 2 b. 
 
 Arica [a-re'-ka], town of Peru, I. 701. Earth¬ 
 quake of 1868, and its disastrous effects, 2 b. 
 
 Aric'aras : see Rickarees. 
 
 Ariege [a-re-aizh], department of France, I. 
 702. River, 1 b. 
 
 A'riel, Hebrew name, I. 702. 
 
 Ariel (ornithology), XY. 820, 1 ab. 
 
 Ariel, or cora, species of gazelle, VII. 655, 2 a. 
 
 Arimas'pi, mythical, IX. 135, 1 a- 
 
 Arim'inum : see Rimini. 
 
 Arioch [a'-re-ok], king of Ellasar, referred to, 
 IV. 230, 2 ab. 
 
 Ari'on, ancient musician and poet, I. 702. 
 
 Ariosto, Ludovico [a-re-os'-to], poet, I. 702; 
 IX. 461, 1 c. 
 
4S 
 
 AEIOVISTUS 
 
 ARMADILLO 
 
 Arioyis'tus, German chief, I. 703. 
 
 Arisa [a-re'-sa], tree, specific for stanching effu¬ 
 sion of blood, Y. 86, 2 ab. 
 
 Arisce'ma (botany), XVI. 422, 1 b. A. tri- 
 phyllura, ib., and 1 c (ill.), and other species. 
 
 Arista, Mariano [a-reece'-ta], general, I. 703. 
 
 Arist^e'us, mythical, I. 703. 
 
 Aristarchus [ar-is-tar'-kus], grammarian and 
 critic, I. 703. Astronomer, 2 b. 
 
 Aristides [ar-is-tl'-deez], Athenian statesman, 
 I. 703. AElius, rhetorician, 704, 1 a. Aris¬ 
 tides of Thebes, painter, 1 b. 
 
 “ Aristides, British see Maryell, Andrew, 
 XI. 215, 2 a. 
 
 Aristip'pus, philosopher, I. 704. 
 
 Aristobu'lus, Jewish writer, I. 704. Usurp¬ 
 ing king of Judea, 2 b ; VIII. 592, 2 c. Son 
 of Alexander Jannasus, I. 704, 2 c; VIII. 
 592, 2 c; IX. 139, 1 a. Young high priest, 
 drowned by order of Herod, VIII. 593, 1 c. 
 
 Aristogiton: see Harmodius and Aristogi¬ 
 ton. 
 
 Aristolochia [a-ris-to-lo'-ke-a], (botany), XV. 
 130, 2 a. A. serpentaria, ib. (ill.). A. gua- 
 co, VIII. 275, 1 b. 
 
 Aristomenes [ar-is-tom'-e-neez], general and 
 statesman, I. 704. 
 
 Aristopii'anes, comic poet, I. 705. His imita¬ 
 tion of the croaking of frogs, VII. 504, 1 b. 
 
 Aristote'lianism , spurious (nominalism), I. 707, 
 1 c; Arabian form of, XIII. 439, 2 c. 
 
 Aristotle [ar'-is-tot’l], ancient philosopher, I. 
 705. His Organon, X. 580, 1 b; the father 
 of the science of logic, ib. ; his definition of 
 induction, 2 a; Leibnitz’s opinion of him, 
 322, 2 b. His ethics, XI. 809, 1 c; system 
 of philosophy, XIII. 438, 1 b; of politi¬ 
 cal economy, 665, 1 b. His knowledge of 
 natural history, IX. 159,1 a; of comparative 
 anatomy, V. 185, 1 b, I. 460, 1 c, and XI. 
 346, 1 b. His description of the reptilian 
 orders, VIII. 692, 1 c; distinction of verte¬ 
 brates and invertebrates, IX. 325, 1 be; 
 classification of mammals, XI. 79, 2 b; of 
 birds, XII. 704, 2 a; of insects, VI. 658, 2 b. 
 His two books on plants, III. 131, 2 c. On 
 the origin of plants and animals, VII. 10, 1 b. 
 On the nature of substance, IV. 357,1 b; on 
 the fundamental properties of matter, ib .; 
 his influence on the science of chemistry, ib. 
 His views concerning heat, VIII. 567, 1 c; 
 concerning motion, XI. 316, 2 a; of the na¬ 
 ture of money, 736, 1 a. Ascription to him 
 of spurious works, I. 706, 1 c. His school 
 
 of philosophy in the middle ages, 252, 2 c. 
 Narrow escape of his works from condemna¬ 
 tion by the Parisian parliament, II. 578, 1 b. 
 Aristox'enus, Greek writer, I. 707. 
 Arith'metio, 1.707. Numerals, Hebrew, Greek, 
 Roman, Arabic, 2 b and c. Value of our 
 system of notation, 708, 1 be. Binary and 
 ternary systems, 1 c; X. 323, 2 b, and 324, 
 
 1 a. Properties of numbers, 2 a. See 
 Mathematics. 
 
 Aritli'momancy , VI. 153, 2 be (Divination). 
 A'rius [properly, a-n'-us], founder of Arian- 
 ism, I. 708. See Arianism, and references 
 under that title (Index). 
 
 Arizo'na, territory, I. 709. Population, 2 a. 
 Topography, 2 b. Geology and minerals, 
 710, 1 a. Climate, 2 b. Plora, 2 c. Agri¬ 
 culture, 711, 1 a. Intercommunication, 1 be. 
 Government, 1 c. Pinances, 2 a. Statis¬ 
 tics, census, education, newspapers, &c., 2 a. 
 History and antiquities, 2 b. 
 
 Arjish, or Erjish Dagli, mountain, I. 711. 
 Ark, Noah’s, I. 712. See Ship, XIV. 855, 2 b. 
 
 Ark of the covenant, I. 712, 1 b. 
 
 Arkan sas, Indian tribe, I. 712. 
 
 Arkansas, river, I. 712. 
 
 Arkansas [formerly ar'-kan-saw], state, I. 713. 
 State seal, 1 b. Population, 1 c. Topography, 
 
 2 b. Minerals, 714, 1 be. Climate, 1 c. 
 Diseases, 2 ab. Soil, 2 b. Agriculture, 2 c. 
 Manufactures, 715, 1 a. Fauna, ib. Com¬ 
 merce, 1 ab. Natural curiosities, 1 b. State 
 improvements, 1 c. Banks, ib.. Intercom¬ 
 munication, 2 a. Government, 2 c. Fi¬ 
 nances, 716, 2 be. Education, ib. State in¬ 
 stitutions, 717, 1 ab. Periodicals, ib. His¬ 
 tory, 1 b; secession, 1 be; new constitution 
 (1864), 2 ab. 
 
 Arkansas, county, I. 717. 
 
 Arkwright, Sir Richard, inventor, I. 717. His 
 invention of spinning by rollers, V. 411, 2 b. 
 Arles [arl], town of France, I. 718. 
 
 Arles, council of, VI. 208, 1 b. 
 
 Arles, kingdom of, I. 718, 2 be; III. 451, 1 c; 
 VII. 379, 2 c. 
 
 Arlinoourt, Victor, viscount d’ [dar-la ng -koor], 
 poet and novelist, I. 718. 
 
 Arlington, earl of, II. 529 (Bennet, Henry). 
 Arlington estate: see Custis, V. 593, 1 c and 
 2 a. 
 
 Arlon [ar-lo ng ], town of Belgium, I. 719. 
 Ap.ma'da [Sp. ar-ma'-^a], Spanish naval arma¬ 
 ment, I. 719; VI. 534, 1 a (England). 
 Armadil'lo, animal, I. 720 (ill.). 
 
ARMAGEDDON 
 
 ARMY 
 
 49 
 
 Armageddon [ar-ma-ghed'-dun], a region of 
 Palestine, I. 721. Use of the term in Rev. 
 xvi. 14-16, 1 c. 
 
 Armagh [ar-ma/], county, I. 721. City, 2 a. 
 
 Armagnao [ar-m&-nyak], territory of France, 
 I. 721. Bernard VII., count of, 2 c. Jean 
 V., 722, 1 a. 
 
 Armagnacs , political faction, IV. 286,1 c ; XII. 
 698, 2 be. 
 
 Armament: see Fortification, VII. 334, 2 a. 
 
 Arman [ar-ma ng ], contractor for confederate 
 vessels, II. 583, 1 a. 
 
 Armand, Charles [ar-ma ng ]: see Rouarie. 
 
 Armansperg, Joseph Louis, count [ar'-mans- 
 pairg], statesman, I. 722. 
 
 Ar'ma spino'sa (entomology), XIII. 769, 2 c. 
 Illustrations, ib., and 770, 1 a. 
 
 Ar'matoles, Greek mountain chiefs, I. 722. 
 
 Armee de Conde [ar-ma dull ko ng -da], so styled, 
 V. 215, 1 c. 
 
 Armengaitd, Jean Germain Desire [ar-ma Dg - 
 go], art historian, I. 722. 
 
 Arme'nia, I. 722. Divisions, 2 c. Climate, ib. 
 Physical features, 723,1 a. Agricultural re¬ 
 sources, 1 b. Traditions and history, 1 c. 
 Armenian nationality extinguished, 724, 2 a. 
 
 Armeni'aca vulga'ris (botany), I. 605, 2 c. 
 
 Armenian chronicle , I. 727, 2 a. 
 
 Armenian Church, I. 724. Introduction of 
 Christianity into Armenia, 2 b. Doctrines of 
 the Armenians, 725,1 a. Orders of the cler¬ 
 gy, 1 be. Church government, 1 c. United 
 Armenians, or Armeno-Catholics, 2 c. Prot¬ 
 estant Armenians, 726, 1 b. Debajy Oghlu, 
 1 be. Missions, 1 c. 
 
 Armenian Language and Literature, I. 727. 
 Armenian translation of the Bible, 1 c; its 
 influence on the language, 2 a. Books in 
 modern Armenian, 2 c. 
 
 Armenian Protestants , I. 726, 1 b. 
 
 Armenians , the, IX. 347, 1 c. 
 
 Armenian stone , X. 161, 2 be (Lapis Lazuli). 
 
 Armeno-Catholics , I. 725, 2 c. 
 
 Armentieres [ar-ma ng -tyair], town of France, 
 I. 722. 
 
 Armes d outrance [arm za oo-tra ng ce], XV. 824, 
 1 c (Tournament). 
 
 Armil'lce : see Eratosthenes, VI. 704, 2 c. 
 
 Armillary sphere , VIII. 34, 1 c. 
 
 Armil'lus , Jewish Antichrist, I. 559, 2 c. 
 
 Armin, Robert, player and author, associate of 
 Shakespeare, I. 728. 
 
 Arminen [ar-me'-nen], German students’ po¬ 
 litical association, III. 478, 1 b. 
 
 4 
 
 Arming of the sounding lead, II. 71, 1 c. 
 
 Arminian controversy , XIV. 254, 2 c. See Ar- 
 minius, James, and Arminians, and compare 
 Barneveldt and Grotius. 
 
 Arminianism in England , I. 729, 1 b. 
 
 Arminians, I. 728. See Arminian controversy 
 (Index). 
 
 Arminius (Hermann), liberator of Germany, I. 
 729. Statue of, II. 267, 2 c. 
 
 Arminius, James, theologian, I. 730. 
 
 Armistice [ar'-mis-tis], X. 228, 1 a. 
 
 Ar'mitage, Edward, painter, I. 731. 
 
 Armon'ica : see Harmonica. 
 
 Armor, I. 731. Greek, 1 be (ill.). Roman, 
 732, 1 ab (ill.). Mediaeval, 1 c. Norman 
 spearman (ill.), 2 a; full suit of chain mail 
 (ill.), 2 c; mail and plate armor (ill.), 733, 
 1 a; early plate armor (ill.), 1 c; fluted and 
 perfected plate armor (ill.), 2 a; armor of 
 man and horse (ill.), 2 c. 
 
 Armored ships : see Iron-clad Ships. 
 
 Armor'ioa (Brittany), I. 734; III. 300, 1 c; 
 VIII. 182, 2 c. 
 
 Arms, weapons of offence, I. 734. 
 
 Arms of an anchor , I. 464, 2 c. 
 
 Armstrong, county, I. 735. 
 
 Armstrong, John, American soldier, I. 735. 
 
 Armstrong, John, physician, poet, and essay¬ 
 ist, I. 736. 
 
 Armstrong, John, physician and author, I. 736. 
 
 Armstrong, Sir William George, engineer and 
 inventor, I. 736. His guns, 792, 1 c, ff. (ill., 
 793); III. 712, 1 a (ills.); anticipated by 
 Treadwell, XV. 849, 2 be. Composition of 
 his percussion powder, VII. 38, 1 be. 
 
 Army, I. 736. Army of Egypt, 737, 1 a; As¬ 
 syria, 1 c; Babylon, 2 be; Persia, ib. ; Greece, 
 738, 2 a. Changes in tactics after the Pelo¬ 
 ponnesian war, 740, 1 a; arms, 1 b; mer¬ 
 cenary troops in Greece and abroad, 1 be; 
 introduction of warlike engines, 1 c. Army 
 of Philip of Macedon, 740, 2 b; of Carthage, 
 741, 2 b; of Rome, ib. Roman officers, 742, 
 
 1 be; arms, ib. ; tactical disposition of troops, 
 
 2 c, 744,1 ab; phalanx and legion, 743,1 a. 
 Changes introduced by Caesar, 1 c, and un¬ 
 der the empire, 744, 1 b. Army in the mid¬ 
 dle ages, 2 b; effect of the feudal system on 
 discipline, ib. ; infantry, 2 c; cavalry, 745, 
 1 ab. Introduction of firearms, 2 a. Effect 
 of breaking up of the feudal system, 2 b ; 
 introduction of standing armies, 2 be. Char¬ 
 acter of armies at the close of the middle 
 ages, 2 c. Beginning of progress in mod- 
 
50 
 
 ARMY 
 
 ARQUEBUSE 
 
 era times, 746, 1 b; drill regulations, 2 b; 
 infantry and cavalry, 2 be; introduction of 
 dragoons, 747, 1 a. Reforms under Gusta- 
 vus Adolphus, 1 b; introduction of paper 
 cartridges, ib. ; reorganization of cavalry, 
 
 . and improvement of artillery, 1 be. Intro¬ 
 duction of the bayonet, flint-lock, and iron 
 ramrod, 2 a. Reforms under Frederick the 
 Great, 748, 1 be; revolution in cavalry, 1 c; 
 in artillery, 2 ab; in infantry, 2 b ; effect of 
 the line formation, 2 be. Origin of the mod¬ 
 ern military system, 749, 1 ab. French 
 army of the republic, and its new system of 
 tactics, 1 b; combination of the three arms, 
 2 ab. Changes in materiel of armies, 750, 
 1 ab. American rifles, 2 be ; tactical arrange¬ 
 ments, light-infantry tactics, 2 c; American 
 improvements in cavalry, 751, 1 a. General 
 organization of modern armies, 751, 2 ab; 
 their equipment and armament, 2 c; recruit¬ 
 ing of officers, 2 b. Division of infantry, 
 752, 1 b; of cavalry, 1 c; of artillery, 2 a; 
 brigade and division, 2 b. The staff, 753, 
 
 1 b. Military establishments, 2 b. Military 
 system of the United States, 754, 1 ab. 
 
 u Army of the faith ” (Spanish royalists), YII. 
 
 138, 1 be; its defeat and dispersion, 1 c. 
 Arna , wild buffalo, III. 410, 2 a. 
 
 Arnatto : see Annotto. 
 
 Arnauld [ar-no], family, I. 754. Antoine, 2 
 ab. Robert Arnauld d’Andilly, 2 b. Henri, 
 
 2 be. Antoine (the great Arnauld), 755, 1 a. 
 His impeachment of the moral teaching of 
 the Jesuits, XIII. 734, 1 a. Marie Jacque¬ 
 line Angelique, I. 755, 2 be. Agnes, 2 c. 
 Ang61ique (Mere AngMique), 756, 1 a. 
 
 Arnatjlt, Vincent Antoine [ar-no], author, I. 
 756. 
 
 Arnaut Beligrad, town: see Berat. 
 Arnautlih [ar-no wt'-lik]: see Albania, I. 244, 
 1 a. 
 
 Arnauts [ar-nowts']: see Albania, I. 244, 2 b. 
 Arnd, or Arndt, Johann [arnt], theologian, I. 
 
 756. 
 
 Arndt, Erast Moritz, German patriot, I. 756. 
 Arndt , Johann: see Arnd. 
 
 Arne, Thomas Augustine [arn], composer, I. 
 
 757. 
 
 Arnheim , city: see Arnhem. 
 
 Arnheim , Johann Georg : see Arnim. 
 
 Arnhem, or Arnheim [arn'-hem, -hlrne], city 
 of Holland, I. 757. 
 
 Ar'nica (botany), I. 757. A. montana, 2 b 
 (ill.). 
 
 Arnim, or Arnheim, Johann Georg, soldier, I. 
 757. 
 
 Arnim, Karl Otto Ludwig von, author, I. 758. 
 Arnim, Ludwig Achim (Joachim) von, poet, I. 
 758; alluded to, III. 250, 2 be. Elisabeth 
 (Bettina) von, writer, 1 c; alluded to, III. 
 250, 2 b. Gisela von, writer, 2 c. 
 
 Arnimb, Dorothea (or Doris von), allusion to, 
 III. 702, 2 c. 
 
 Arno, river of Tuscany, I. 758. 
 
 Arno'bius, rhetorician, I. 759; X. 199, 2 ab. 
 Arnold, Benedict, traitor, I. 759; X. 97, 1 a. 
 
 James Robertson, British soldier, I. 760, 1 c. 
 Arnold of Brescia, religious reformer, I. 760; 
 131, 2 b. 
 
 Arnold, Christoph [ar'-nolt], astronomer, I. 
 760. 
 
 Arnold, Edwin, author, I. 761. 
 
 Arnold, Matthew, author, I. 761. 
 
 Arnold, Samuel, composer, I. 761. 
 
 Arnold, Thomas, D. D., teacher and historian, 
 I. 761. 
 
 Arnold, Thomas Kerchever, clergyman and 
 author, I. 762. 
 
 Ar'noldists , religious sect, I. 760, 2 c. 
 
 Arnol'di Villa , I. 757, 2 a (Arnhem). 
 
 Arnott, Heil, scientist, I. 762. His hydrosta¬ 
 tic or water bed, II. 445, 2 a. (Died 1874.) 
 Arnould, Sophie [ar-noo], actress, I. 762. 
 Arnsberg [arnce'-pairg], town, I. 762. 
 Arnstadt [arn'-stat], town, I. 762. 
 
 Arnswalde [arnce'-val-deh], town, I. 762. 
 Aroe [a-roo']: see Arroo. 
 
 Arolas, Juan [a-ro'-lass], Spanish poet, I. 762. 
 Arolsen [a'-role-zen], town, I. 762. 
 
 Arom'ata promonto'rium : see Cape Guarda- 
 fui. 
 
 Aroos'took, county, I. 763. 
 
 Arpad [ar'-pad], Magyar national hero, I. 763. 
 Arpdd dynasty , IX. 55, 2 a. 
 
 Arpent [ar-pa ng ], I. 72, 2 c (Acre). 
 
 Ar'pi, ancient town, YII. 301, 1 a. 
 
 Arpin [ar-pa ng ], count of Bourges, II. 581, 1 c. 
 Arpino [ar-pe'-no], town of Italy, I. 763. 
 Arpino, Giuseppe Cesari d’ : see Cesari. 
 Arpinum : see Arpino. 
 
 Arqua, or Arquata [ar'-kwa, ar-kwa'-ta], vil¬ 
 lage of Italy, I. 763. House and tomb oi 
 Petrarch, 1 c. 
 
 Arquata : see Arqua. 
 
 Arquebus , or arquebuse, XII. 97, 1 a (ill.); I. 
 745, 2 a; 735, 1 c. Arquebus and serpent, 
 XII. 97, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Arquebuse [ar'-kwe-bus]: see Arquebus (Index). 
 
ARRABOXA 
 
 ARTEMISIA 
 
 51 
 
 Arrabo'na, ancient city, XIY. 158, 1 b (Raab). 
 
 Arracan: see Abac an. 
 
 Arrack', strong spirituous liquor, I. 763. 
 Made from rice, XIY. 309, 2 be; from palm 
 wine, XIII. 19, 2 c. 
 
 Ar'ran, island, I. 763. 
 
 Arran, Isles of, I. 763. Antiquities of, 2 c. 
 
 Arran, Earl of, title in the Scotch peerage, I. 
 763. James Hamilton, second earl, 764, 1 
 a; II. 423, 1 b. James, his son, I. 764,1 ab. 
 Irish earldom of, 1 b. 
 
 Arran of the Saints, I. 763, 2 c (Arran, Isles 
 of). 
 
 Ar'ras [Fr. a-r&s], city of France, I. 764. Ta¬ 
 pestries of, 2 c. 
 
 Arras'tra, in gold mining, YIII. 84, 1 be. 
 
 Arra wars', or Loko'no, a tribe of Guiana, I. 
 764; XYI. 566, 2 c. 
 
 Arrest', in law, I. 764. In civil cases, 2 ab; 
 English law, ib. ; in the United States, 2 c; 
 persons exempted from, by constitution, 765, 
 1 ab; rules relating to time and method of, 
 1 c; release from, 2 a. In criminal cases, 2 
 ab; power to make arrest, 2 b; nature of, 
 766, 1 c; degree of force allowed, 2 a; right 
 of search, 2 b. 
 
 Arret burlesque [a-ra bur-lesk], Boileau’s sa¬ 
 tire, II. 578, 1 b (Bernier). 
 
 Arretium: see Arezzo. 
 
 Arrhenathe'rum arena'ceum (botany), XII. 562, 
 1 a. 
 
 Arrhid^'us, Philip, king of Macedon, I. 766. 
 
 Ar'ria, Roman heroine, I. 767. 
 
 Arrian (Flavius Arrianus), philosopher and 
 historian, I. 767. 
 
 Arriere ban [Fr. a-re-air b& ng ], II. 263,1 a (Ban). 
 
 Arrivabene, Giovanni, count [ar-re-va-ba'-na], 
 economist, I. 767. 
 
 Arroo', Arru, or Aroe [a-roo'], islands, I. 767. 
 
 Arrow-headed inscriptions , Y. 570, 2 c (Cunei¬ 
 form Inscriptions). 
 
 Arrowing of sugar cane, XV. 445, 2 a. 
 
 Arrowroot, I. 767 (ills.). Starch granules 
 of West India arrowroot, XV. 317, 2 c (ill., 
 318) ; of Brazilian arrowroot (ill.), 318. 
 
 Arrowwood, XYI. 339, 1 c. 
 
 Arru [ar-roo']: see Arroo. 
 
 Ars : see Ars-stjr-Moselle. 
 
 Arsa'ces, kings of Parthia, XIII. 134, 2 c, ff. 
 
 Arsa'tides, Parthian dynasty, XIII. 322, 2 a, 
 134, 2 c; Armenian, I. 723, 2 c, 724, 1 b. 
 
 Arsamas : see Arzamas. 
 
 Arsendimethyle, IX. 733, 2 a (Kakodyle). 
 
 Ar'senic, I. 768. Metallic properties, 1 b; 
 
 as an alloy, 2 a. Arsenious acid or white 
 arsenic, tests for detecting its presence, 
 2 b; manufacture of, 769, 2 a; injurious to 
 workmen, 2 be; where found native, 2 c. 
 Use of arsenious acid in medicine, 770, 1 a; 
 361, 2 b; YIII. 784, 1 be; habitual use of 
 by peasants of Styria, I. 770, 1 b. Use of for 
 criminal poisoning, 1 be. Antidotes, 1 c. 
 Arsen'ical iron, I. 769, 2 c. 
 
 Arse'nious acid (white arsenic): see Arsenic 
 (Index). 
 
 Arsinoe [ar-sin'-o-e], name of four celebrated 
 women, I. 770. 
 
 Arsinoe, name of two cities in Egypt, I. 771. 
 Ancient monastery near one of them, XI. 
 728, 2 c. Ancient city of Cyprus, YII. 78, 
 
 1 b ; of Egypt, YII. 102, 2 b. 
 
 Arsinoe, daughter of Phegeus, I. 263, 2 b. 
 Arsin'oite nome, ancient Egypt, YII. 102, 2 b. 
 Ars Lulliana, logical machine, X. 713, 1 be. 
 Ars Magna, Jerome Cardan’s: see Algebra, 
 
 I. 301, 2 c. 
 
 Ars Magna, Raymond Lully’s: see Ars Lul¬ 
 liana (Index). 
 
 Arson, I. 771. In English law, 1 c ; in United 
 States, 2 a. 
 
 Ars-sur-Moselle [ar-sur-mo-z81], town, I. 772. 
 Art, early Christian, XII. 795, 2 be. Christian, 
 works on : see Bock, Franz. 
 
 Art, works of, saved from destruction during 
 the first French revolution, X. 341, 2 b 
 (Lenoir, Alexandre). 
 
 Ar'ta, Turkish town, I. 772. See Ambracia. 
 Artaba'nus, assassin of Xerxes, I. 772. 
 Artabanus I., king of Parthia, XIII. 135, 1 b. 
 
 A. II., 2 b. A. IY., 136, 2 c. 
 
 Artaba'zus, two Persian generals, I. 772. 
 Arta'bri, an ancient people, referred to, YII. 
 566, 1 ab. 
 
 Arta'ces, or Artaxias, king of Armenia, I. 723, 
 
 2 c. 
 
 Artax'ata, ancient city, I. 773. 
 
 Artaxerx'es, name of three kings of Persia, 
 I. 773. A. Longimanus, 1 b. A. Mnemon, 
 1 be. A. Ochus, 2 a. 
 
 Artax'ias, king of Armenia, I. 723, 2 c; 773,1 a. 
 Artedi [ar-ta'-de], (Peter, l705-’35), his classi¬ 
 fication of fishes, IX. 159, 1 be. 
 Artemido'rus of Ephesus, geographer, I. 773. 
 Ar'temis : see Diana. 
 
 Artemisia [ar-te-mish'-a], queen of Halicar¬ 
 nassus, I. 773. Wife and successor of Mau- 
 solus, 2 b. 
 
 Artemisia (botany), I. 773. Yarious species, 
 
52 
 
 ARTEMISIUM 
 
 ARYAN 
 
 2 c. A. dracunculus, ib., and XV. 573, 2 a. 
 A. maritima (var. Stechmanniana), XYI. 
 730, 2 c (ill.). A. absinthium, 731, 1 c (ill.) ; 
 I. 34, 1 b. 
 
 Artemisium, I. 774. Naval battle of the 
 Greeks and Persians, 1 a. 
 
 Arte'mius (Anastasius), emperor, I. 458, 1 c. 
 Artemus Ward, pseudonyme, III. 344, 2 b. 
 Arte'rial valves, VIII. 558, 1 a. 
 
 Ar'tery, I. 774. Structure of, 491, 1 c (An¬ 
 eurism). See Circulation, IV. 606, 2 b; 
 607, 2 b; 610, 1 a. Twisting of, I. 442, 
 1 c; first introduced, 447, 1 c. 
 
 Arte'sian boring tools, I. 778 (ills.); in opera¬ 
 tion (ill.), 779, 1 a; simplest (ill.), 1 c; tools 
 for extracting obstructions (ill.), 2 a. 
 Artesian Wells, I. 774 (ills.). Origin of the 
 name, 2 ab. First artesian well, X. 470, 2 a. 
 Principle of, I. 775, 1 a; supply from, ib .; 
 increase of temperature in, 1 b ; hot springs, 
 1 be. Well at Grenelle, 2 a ; at Passy, 2 b ; 
 at Kissingen, 776, 1 a; in the desert of Sa¬ 
 hara, ib. ; at Bourne, Eng., 1 b ; in the Con¬ 
 tinental hotel, Philadelphia, ib. ; at Point of 
 Rocks, Wyo., 1 be; in the Llano Estacado, 
 
 1 c; in Alabama, 229, 2 b; at St. Louis, 776, 
 
 2 a; at Louisville, Ky., 2 b; at Charleston, 
 S. C., ib. ; at Onarga, Ill., 777, 1 a; Chicago 
 wells, lb; in New York city, 1 be. Methods 
 of boring, 2 a; in China, 2 ab; in the Penn¬ 
 sylvania oil region, 2 be. Accidents in bo¬ 
 ring, 779, 1 c. Drill invented by Goulet- 
 Collet, 2 b. Negative wells, 2 c. 
 
 Artevelde, Jacob van [ar'-teh-vel-deh], Flem¬ 
 ish leader, I. 780. Philip van, 1 c. 
 
 Arthral'gia, lead (lead poisoning), X. 247, 1 c. 
 Arthri'tis, inflammation of the joints, I. 780. 
 Arthrococ'cus, in lacteous fermentation, VII. 
 146, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Arthur, legendary hero, I. 781; X. 138, 1 a. 
 Arthur , duke of Brittany (Prince Arthur), IX. 
 
 648, 2 b and c; 649, 1 a and b. 
 
 Arthur, Timothy Shay, author, I. 781. 
 Arthur, William, clergyman and author, I. 781. 
 Arthur Dudley, pseudonyme, III. 480, 2 b. 
 Arthur's quoits: see Cromlech. 
 
 Arthur's round table, I. 781, 1 be; III. 540, 
 2 a (ill.), (Caerleon) ; XVI. 655, 2 c. 
 Arthur's Seat, VI. 405, 1 c (Edinburgh). 
 Artiads (chemical), II. 89, 1 a; IV. 371, 1 be; 
 
 XI. 585, 1 b; XII. 479, 1 b. 
 
 Ar'tichoke, I. 781. Globe artichoke (ill.), 
 782. Jerusalem artichoke, 1 be ; tuber (ill.), 
 ib. Canada or Virginia potato, 1 c. 
 
 Article, Arabic, I. 227, 2 a. 
 
 Articles of Smalcald, X. 728, 2 ab. 
 
 Articula'ta, I. 782; IX. 325, 1 b, 2 a. 
 
 Artie'ulates, eyes of, VII. 47, 2 ab. 
 
 Articulation (anatomy), I. 783 (ills.). 
 
 Artificial gems , VII. 664, 2 b; manufactory 
 of, 665, 2 a. 
 
 Artificial horizon, VIII. 816, 2 c. 
 
 Artigas, Jose [ar-te'-gass], South American 
 general, I. 784. 
 
 Artil'lery, I. 784. Illustrations: early Eng¬ 
 lish cannon, 785 ; bombard, ib. ; mortar, ib .; 
 Coehorn mortar, 786; gun carriage, 789; 
 Dahlgren gun, 790; thirteen-inch mortar, 
 791; field six-pounder smooth-bore bronze 
 gun, ib. ; Armstrong gun, 793; Whitworth 
 gun, ib. ; Krupp gun, 794; Rodman gun, 
 795; Parrott gun, 796; Gatling gun, 797. 
 
 Artillerymen, patron saint of, II. 297, 2 b. 
 
 Artillery school , United States, XI. 538, 1 c; 
 XIII. 638, 1 a. 
 
 Artiodactyles [ar-te-o-dak'-tils], (zoology), I. 
 797; XVI. Ill, 1 a. 
 
 Artocar'jpus Brazilien'sis (botany), III. 224, 1 c. 
 A. incisa, 234, 1 b. A. integrifolia, 1 b, 2 c. 
 
 Artois [ar-twa], province, I. 797. Origin of 
 the name: see Atrebates. Count of: see 
 Charles X. (of France), IV. 288, 1 a. 
 
 Artot, Joseph [ar-to], violinist, I. 798. 
 
 Artoxerxes: see Aetaxerxes. 
 
 Art unions, held to be lotteries, X. 648, 2 a. 
 
 Arugan', East Indian deity, IX. 508, 1 ab. 
 
 Arukli [a-rook'J (dictionary), of Nathan ben 
 Jehiel, referred to, IV. 231, 1 c (Chaldee 
 Language). 
 
 A'rum cordifo'lium (botany), VII. 807, 1 be. 
 A. esculentum, VIII. 526, 2 b. A. macu- 
 latum, XVI. 422, 2 b. 
 
 Arun'da: see Ronda. 
 
 Ar'undel, Thomas Howard, earl of, I. 798. 
 
 Arundelian Marbles : see Arundel, Thomas 
 Howard. 
 
 Arundell, Blanch, English heroine, I. 799. 
 
 Arundel society, I. 798, 2 c. 
 
 Arundina'ria macrosper'ma (botany), III. 701, 
 1 c (ill.); XIII. 48, 1 b. 
 
 Arun'do phragmi'tes (botany), XIV. 240, 2 b. 
 
 Ar'vad, ancient city, I. 627, 2 be. 
 
 Arvic'ola (zoology), XI. 311, 2 c. A. riparia, ib. 
 
 Arwidsson, Adolf Ivar [ar'-vids-son], Swedish 
 poet, I. 799. 
 
 Arx, citadel of Rome, III. 756, 1 a. 
 
 Aryan languages of India, IX. 216, 2 a. 
 
 Ar'yan Race and Language, I. 799. Deriva- 
 
ARYANS 
 
 ASHBURTON 
 
 53 
 
 tion of the term Aryan, 1 be. Principal 
 branches, 1 c. Proofs of relationship, 2 a, 
 and 801, 2 b. Primitive structure of the lan¬ 
 guage, 799, 2 c; changes in structure, 800, 
 1 c. Original Aryan race, 2 b, and VII. 
 737, 1 c; dispersion and migration, I. 801, 
 1 b; grade of kinship between different 
 branches, 1 be; subordinate branches, 1 c; 
 supplanting of other races, 2 a; mixture 
 with aboriginal races, ib. Evidence of a 
 unity of race and language among the differ¬ 
 ent branches, 2 b. Historical importance 
 of the Aryans, 2 c. 
 
 Aryans in India , IX. 213, 1 c, ff. 
 
 Aryballos , Egyptian (ill.), XIII. 779. 
 Aryo-Romanic race , VI. 759, 2 b. 
 
 AnzAcnEL, Abraham [ar-tha-chail'], Jewish 
 astronomer of Spain, I. 802. 
 
 Arzamas', or Arsamas, Russian town, I. 802. 
 As, Roman weight and coin, I. 802; XI. 738,1 a. 
 As, or Asa, mythical, I. 802; XII. 120, 1 a. 
 A'sa, king of Judah, I. 802; VIII. 588, 2 a. 
 Asabs, sections of the Koran, X. 45, 1 a. 
 Asafcetida [as-a-fet'-e-da], I. 802 (ill.). 
 
 A'saph, a Levite and psalmist, I. 802. “ Chil¬ 
 
 dren of Asaph,” 2 b. 
 
 As'apJius cauda'tus (zoology), XV. 868, 2 ab. 
 Asa race , in northern mythology, XII. 120,1 a. 
 Asaradi'nus , in Ptolemy’s Canon, VI. 723, 1 c 
 (Esarhaddon). 
 
 As'arum (botany), XV. 130, 2 c. A. Cana- 
 dense, ib. (ill., 131). 
 
 Asben, in Africa: see Air (oasis). 
 
 Asbes'tus, mineral, I. 802; VIII. 821, 1 b. 
 As'bury, Francis, Methodist bishop, I. 803; 
 XI. 454, 2 b, ff. 
 
 Ascilabo'tce (zoology), VII. 656, 1 a. 
 AscaJabotes (zoology), of Aristotle, VII. 656, 
 1 c. 
 
 As'calon, city of Philistia, I. 803. 
 
 Ascarides [as-kar'-e-deez], (entozoa), I. 803; 
 VI. 668, 1 c. 
 
 As’caris lumbricoi'des (entozoa), I. 804, 1 a; 
 
 VI. 668, 1 c (ill., 2 b). A. vermicularis, I. 
 804, la; VI. 669, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Ascen'sion, parish of Louisiana, I. 804. 
 Ascension , right (astronomy), how found, XV. 
 
 843, 1 a; 845, 1 a. 
 
 Ascension Day, I. 804. 
 
 Ascension Island, S. Atlantic ocean, I. 804. 
 Ascensions , balloon, for scientific purposes: see 
 Aeronautics, I. 147, 1 a, and Gay-Lussac, 
 
 VII. 653, 1 b. 
 
 Ascensius, II. 213, 2 a (Badius). 
 
 Asceticism: see Monaciiism. Hindoo, IX. 227, 
 1 c. 
 
 Ascetics , XI. 728, 2 ab. 
 
 Asch [ash], town of Bohemia, I. 804. 
 
 Aschaffenburg [a-shaf'-fen-boorg], city of Ba¬ 
 varia, I. 804. 
 
 Ascham, Roger [as'-kam], scholar, I. 804. In¬ 
 structor of Elizabeth, afterward queen, in 
 Greek and Latin, VI. 531, 1 b. 
 
 Aschersleben [ash'-erce-la-ben], Prussian town, 
 I. 804. 
 
 Asci (botany), of fungi, VII. 529, 1 c, and 532, 
 1 ab; of lichens, X. 409, 1 c. 
 
 Ascid'ia (botany), X. 267, 1 c; XIII. 547, 1 c. 
 
 Ascidians : see Molluscoids, XI. 724, 2 c. 
 
 Ascites [as-si'-teez], VI. 266, 1 b (Dropsy). 
 
 Asclepi'adee, or Asclepiades, race of, I. 153, 
 1 a; XI. 346, 1 b; XV. 485, 2 b. 
 
 Asclepiades [as-kle-pi'-a-deez], Greek physi¬ 
 cian, I. 805. His treatment of insanity, IX. 
 297, 1 b. 
 
 Ascle'pias (botany), XI. 545. A. Cornuti, 546, 
 1 a (ill., 545). A. variegata, 546, 1 a (ill.). 
 A. gigantea vel procera, I. 601, 1 c. 
 
 Ascoli [as'-ko-le], city of Italy, I. 805. As- 
 coli Piceno [pe-cha'-no], province, 1 b. As¬ 
 coli di Satriano [de sa-tre-a'-no], town, ib. 
 
 Ascomyce'tes, order of fungi, VII. 532, 1 ab. 
 
 As'cot Heath, race course, I. 805. Annual 
 meeting, 1 c. 
 
 Ascotricha [as-ko-tri'-ka], fungus, XI. 535, 2 a. 
 
 As'cough : see Askew. 
 
 As'culum Apu'lum , ancient town, I. 805, 1 b 
 (Ascoli). 
 
 Asdrubal: see IIasdrubal. 
 
 Aselli, or Asellio, Gasparo [a-sel'-le, -le-o], 
 Italian anatomist, I. 805. 
 
 Asfi [as'-fe]: see Saffi. 
 
 As'gard, XII. 120, 1 a (Mythology). 
 
 Asgill, John [as'-ghil], English lawyer and 
 writer, I. 805. 
 
 Ash, forest tree, I. 805. Genera and species 
 of, 1 c, ff. Mountain ash (ill.), 806,1 c. Oak¬ 
 leaved mountain ash (ill.), 2 b. 
 
 Ash, John, English clergyman, I. 807. 
 
 Ash of plants , constituents of, I. 194, 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 Ashangi [a-shan'-ghe], lake of Abyssinia, I. 
 167, 2 b. 
 
 Ashantee', a savage kingdom of Africa, I. 807. 
 
 Ash beds (of copper ore), V. 323, 1 c. 
 
 Asii'burton, Alexander Baring, baron, I. 807. 
 Ashburton treaty, 2 c. William Bingham 
 Baring, Lord Ashburton, 808, 1 ab. Fran¬ 
 cis, ib. Alexander Hugh, ib. 
 
54 
 
 ASHBURTON 
 
 ASPINWALL 
 
 Ashburton , Lord: see Dunning, John, YI. 
 318. 
 
 Ashby de la Zouch [ash'-be del-a zoosb], 
 town of England, I. 808. Remains of castle 
 in which Queen Mary was imprisoned, 1 b. 
 
 Ash'dod, city of Palestine, I. 808. 
 
 Ashe, county, I. 808. 
 
 Ashe, John, revolutionary officer, I. 808. 
 
 Asher, I. 808. Tribe of, 2 b. 
 
 Ash'era , or Asherah, a goddess, II. 7, 1 b ; 
 XII. 109, 2 a; XIII. 420, 1 a. 
 
 Ashes, II. 5. Shower of (volcanic), 2 c. Vol¬ 
 canic ash, 6, 1 b. Hardwood ashes, tendency 
 to ignite in heaps, Y. 138,1 b (Spontaneous 
 Combustion). 
 
 Ashford, town of England, II. 6. 
 
 Ashkenazim , division of Jews, IX. 619, 1 ab. 
 
 Ash'land, two counties, II. 6. 
 
 Ashley, county, II. 6. 
 
 Ashley , Baron: see Shaftesbury, XIY. 808,2 b. 
 
 Ashley river , IY. 314, 1 b. 
 
 Ashley's ferry , XYI. 12, 1 c (Troy). 
 
 Ashmogh , the two-forked, in Persian demon¬ 
 ology, Y. 793, 2 c. 
 
 Ashmole, Elias, English antiquary, II. 6. 
 
 Ashmo'lean museum , XII. 763, 2 a. See Asn- 
 mole, Elias. 
 
 Ash'mun, Jehudi, II. 6. See Colonization 
 Society, Y. 91, 2 b. 
 
 Ashod , or Ashot, name of two kings (Armenia 
 and Georgia), II. 217, 1 c. 
 
 Ashtabu'la, county, II. 7. 
 
 Ashtaroth : see Ashtoreth. 
 
 Ashteroth Karnaim , Semitic goddess, XII. 118, 
 
 1 a. City of Palestine, II. 7, 1 c. 
 
 Ashton-under-Lyne, town of England, II. 7. 
 
 Ash'toreth, Semitic goddess, II. 7. Phoeni¬ 
 cian representations of, 1 b. 
 
 Ash Wednesday, in the church calendar, II. 7. 
 
 Asia [a'-sha], II. 7. (Map.) Extent and con¬ 
 formation, 1 a. Mountain ranges, 8,1 a. Sur¬ 
 face, 2 b. Hydrography, 9, 1 c. Deserts, 10, 
 
 2 a. Climate, 2 b. Minerals, 11,1 ab. Volca¬ 
 noes, 1 be. Flora, 1 c. Zoology, 12, 1 c. 
 Population, 13,1 b. Religions, 2 a. Political 
 institutions, 2 b; divisions, 14, 1 a. Cradle 
 of the race, of the great religious move¬ 
 ments, and of empires, 1 b. History, ik. 
 
 Asiago [a-se-4'-go], town of Italy, II. 16. 
 
 Asia Minor, IT. 16. Map of ancient Asia 
 Minor, ib. Boundaries, 1 a. Physical fea¬ 
 tures, ib. Climate, 1 c. Early inhabitants, 
 ib. Divisions, 2 c. History, 17, 1 be. 
 
 Asiat'ic society of Bengal, IX. 681, 1 ab. 
 
 As'ilus (entomology), YI. 129, 2 c. 
 
 Asim'ina trilo'ba (botany), XIII. 44, 1 a (ills.). 
 
 Asinais, Indian tribe, II. 17. 
 
 Asinel'li , the (leaning tower of Bologna), III. 
 18, 1 a (ill.) ; 661, 2 b. 
 
 As'inus (zoology): see Ass, Quagga, and Zebra. 
 
 Asis'ium: see Assisi. 
 
 As'kew, Ascough, or Ayscough, Anne, English 
 Protestant lady and martyr, II. 17. 
 
 Askew , bibliomaniac, II. 622, 1 be. 
 
 Asmannshausen [ass'-mance-how-zen], Prus¬ 
 sian village, II. 17. Wine of, 2 c, and VII. 
 774, 2 a. 
 
 AsMODiE'us, or Asmodi, evil demon, II. 17. 
 
 Asmo'di: see Asmod^eus. 
 
 Asmone'ans, or Hasmoneans, Jewish priestly 
 and princely family, II. 17. Last of the As- 
 monean princes, I. 563, 2 a. 
 
 Asmus [ass'-moos] : see Claudius, Matthias. 
 
 Asnieres [a-nyair], village of France, II. 18. 
 
 Aso'pus, two rivers, II. 18. River god, 1 b. 
 
 Asp, II. 18 (ill.). Asp of Cleopatra, 1 c, and 
 XYI. 368, 1 c-2 a. 
 
 Aspada'na: see Ispahan. 
 
 As'par , Byzantine minister, and Arian leader,, 
 X. 349, 2 c; 350, 1 a. 
 
 Aspar'agus, II. 18 (ill.). Culture, 19, 1 b. 
 
 Asparasas [as-pa-ra'-sas], in Hindoo mythology^ 
 IX. 224, 2 b. 
 
 Aspa'sia, II. 19. Her relation to Pericles, 1 c. 
 
 Aspasi'acce , Scythian tribe, IX. 821, 1 b. 
 
 As'pen: see Poplar, XIII. 712, 1 b; 713, 1 be. 
 
 Aspergil'lus , fungus, VII. 532, 2 a. 
 
 As'pern and Ess'ling, II. 19. Battle of, 2 b. 
 Duke of Essling (Massena), 2 c. 
 
 Asphalt': see Asphaltum, and Pavement, 
 XIII. 193, 1 b, ff. Mastic of, 2 ab. Asphalt 
 mixture, 194, 1 a. 
 
 Asphal'tene , II. 20, 1 a (Asphaltum). 
 
 Asphalti'tes La'cus : see Dead Sea. 
 
 Asphal'tum, or Asphalt, II. 19. Artificial 
 asphaltum, 20, 2 be. 
 
 As'pnoDEL, ornamental plant, II. 21 (ill.). 
 
 Asphode'lus (botany), II. 21, 1 a. A. luteus, 
 ib. A. ramosus (ill.), 1 b. 
 
 Aspnvx'iA, imperfect or suspended respiration, 
 II. 21. In medical jurisprudence, XI. 340, 
 1 be, 2 a; 341, 1 b and c. Heat or solar 
 asphyxia: see Sunstroke. 
 
 Aspidis'cina, animalcules, I. 515, 1 c. 
 
 Aspid'ium filix-mas (botany), XI. 63, 2 b. 
 
 Aspidonec'tes (zoology), XY. 810, 2 a. 
 
 Aspidorhyn'chus , fossil fish, VII. 616, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 As'pinwall, or Colon, city of Colombia, II. 21. 
 
ASPIRATION 
 
 ASSWAN 
 
 55 
 
 Aspiration , an operation in heart disease, VIII. 
 561, 2 b. 
 
 Asp'land, Robert, clergyman, II. 21. 
 
 Asple'nium (botany), VII. 150, 2 b. A. luci- 
 dum (ill.), 161, 2 c. A. rhizophyllum, XVI. 
 430, 2 ab. 
 
 Aspra Spitia , site of Anticyra, I. 560, 1 b. 
 
 Aspre'do, fish, mode of batching its eggs, VII. 
 239, 2 b. 
 
 Aspromon'te, mountain in Italy, II. 22. Bat¬ 
 tle of, ib. 
 
 Aspropot'amo : see Achelous. 
 
 Ass, II. 22. Wild ass, 1 b (ill.). Domestic 
 do., 1 c, ft (ill.). White asses, supposed an¬ 
 cient breed, 2 ab. Hybrids, 23, 1 a. Mule 
 and hinny, 1 b. 
 
 Assab', or Saba, bay of the Red sea, II. 23. 
 
 As'sdbet , river, VIII. 535, 2 c; 536, 1 a. 
 
 Assam', province of British India, II. 23. As¬ 
 sam tea company, 2 b. 
 
 Assami [as-sa-me'], or Assamese language, IX. 
 216, 2 c; 218, 1 a. 
 
 Assas'sins, secret political society, II. 24. 
 Origin of the name, 2 c. Existing remnants 
 of, 26, 1 a. 
 
 Assault', in law, II. 26. Aggravated, 2 b. 
 
 Assaye, or Assye [as-sl'], village of Hindostan, 
 battle at, II. 26. 
 
 Assaying (chemistry), II. 26. Wet method, 
 28, 1 c. 
 
 Ass between two bundles of hay (logical impo¬ 
 tence of the will): see Buridan, III. 455. 
 
 Asselyn, Jan [as'-seh-line], painter, surnamed 
 Krabbetje, II. 29. 
 
 Assemani [as-sa-ma'-ne], name of a family of 
 orientalists, II. 29. Joseph Simon, 2 b. 
 Stephan Evodius, 2 be. Joseph Aloysius, 
 2 c. Simon, 30, 1 a. 
 
 Assembly of notables (France), VII. 384, 2 c ; 
 XV. 324, 1 b. 
 
 As'sen, town of the Netherlands, II. 30. 
 
 Asser, or Asserius Menevensis, monk, II. 30. 
 
 Asser , M., his transfer process in lithography, 
 X. 529, 1 ab. 
 
 Asse’rius Meneven'sis: see Asser. 
 
 Asses , feast of IV. 554, 1 a. 
 
 Assessments, local taxes, XV. 590, 1 a. 
 
 As'sets , in bookkeeping, III. 80, 2 a. 
 
 As'shur , son of Shem, II. 33, 1 c. Assyrian 
 deity, 33, 2 a; 36, 2 c. Ancient city, 34,1 a. 
 
 Asshur-akh-iddin, of the Assyrian inscriptions, 
 VI. 723, 1 c. 
 
 Asshur-bani-pal (Sardanapalus ?), II. 36, 1 c, 
 2 a. Cuneiform inscriptions relating to, V. 
 
 576, 2 c (ill., 577). Referred to, XIV. 631, 
 
 1 ab. 
 
 Asshur-emit-ilin, II. 36, 2 b; XIV. 631, 1 ab 
 (Sardanapalus). 
 
 Asshur-idanni-pal (Sardanapalus), II. 33, 2 c; 
 34, 1 c. 
 
 Asshur-izir-pal , II. 34, 1 be. 
 
 Asshur-likhish , XIV. 631, 1 b. 
 Asshur-lukh-khush , XIV. 631, 1 b. 
 Asshur-lush, XIV. 631, 1 b. 
 
 Asshur-nasir-pal , II. 34, 1 be. 
 Asshur-tanagbal, XIV. 631, 1 b. 
 
 Asside'ans , Jewish party, XIII. 381, 2 b. 
 Assien'to, name of treaties respecting the 
 slave trade, II. 30. 
 
 Assignations, Russian paper money, II. 30. 
 Assignats [as-se-nya], French revolutionary 
 paper currency, II. 30 (ill.). 
 
 Assignment, in law, II. 31. Underlease, 1 ab; 
 X. 269, 2 b. 
 
 “ Assigns ” not necessary to be added in a deed , 
 VII. 108, 2 be. 
 
 Assimilation , in digestion, VI. 104, 2 a. 
 As'sing, Rosa Maria, poetess, II. 31. Ludmilla, 
 her daughter, 1 c. 
 
 Assiniboi'a , territory, XI. 114, 2 a. 
 Assin'iboin, river, II. 31. 
 
 Assiniboins, tribe of Indians, II. 31 ; XII. 503, 
 
 2 a. Red Stone do., II. 32, 1 a. 
 Assinipicalak , Algonquin name of the Assini¬ 
 boins, II. 31, 2 c. 
 
 Assises de Jerusalem [as-seez duh zha-ru-za- 
 laim], feudal code, XIV. 232, 1 c. 
 
 Assisi [as-se'-ze], town of Italy, II. 32. 
 
 Assisi, Andrea di: see Luigi, Andrea di. 
 Assistances, of the order of Jesuits, IX. 627, 
 1 c. 
 
 Assistants: see Connecticut, V. 260, 2 c; 
 261, 2 a. 
 
 Assize', II. 32. Writ of (or writ of right), 
 1 b. Assize of bread, 2 b. Assizes of Jeru¬ 
 salem, 2 be. 
 
 Association, Fourier’s plan of, VII. 354, 2 a* 
 Assuan: see Asswan. 
 
 Assuay : see Asuay. 
 
 Assump'sit, in law, II. 32. 
 
 Assumption, festival of the, II. 33. 
 Assumption, parish of Louisiana, II. 33. 
 Assumption, city: see Asuncion. 
 
 Assumption, island, Ladrone group, II. 33. 
 Assurance : see Insurance. 
 
 Assur-nirari, XIV. 631, 1 b (Sardanapalus). 
 Asswan, or Assuan [as-swan'J, town of Egypt, 
 II. 33. 
 
56 
 
 ASSYE 
 
 ASYLUM 
 
 Assye: see Assaye. I 
 
 Assye'ia, II. 33. In its earlier limited sense, 
 
 2 a; later and widest extent, 2 ab. Chro¬ 
 nology of Berosus, 2 b. Legends, 2 c. Old¬ 
 est native document, ib. ; historical devel¬ 
 opment from this and other sources, 34, 1 a. 
 Assyrian race, 36, 2 a; scientific eminence, 
 37, 1 c. Assyrian religion and divinities, 
 36, 2 c. 
 
 As'tacus fluviati'lis (zoology), Y. 463, 2 c; ill., 
 464. A. affinis, 2 b. A. Bartonii, ib. 
 
 As'ta Pompeia [pom-pe'-ya] : see Asti. 
 
 Asta Pegia , ancient city, IX. 606, 2 ab. 
 
 Astar'te: see Asiitoreth, and XII. 118, 1 a. 
 
 Astasice'a , animalcules, I. 515, 1 b. 
 
 Astat'ic galvanom'eter , VII. 593, lb (ill.). 
 
 Astatic needle , in galvanism, YII. 593, 1 a. 
 
 As'ter (botany), II. 37. China aster, 2 a, 38, 
 
 1 a (ill., 37). 
 
 Aster, Ernst Ludwig von, military engineer, 
 II. 38. Karl Heinrich von, soldier and au¬ 
 thor, 1 c. 
 
 Asterabad : see Astrabad. 
 
 Aste'ria, island, Y. 783, 2 ab. 
 
 Aste'rias : see Star Fish. 
 
 Asterias , caterpillar, IY. 106, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 As'teroids, II. 38. Number of, 2 c. See 
 Planet, XIII. 569, 1 a, 2 a; 571, 2 a. Dis¬ 
 coveries of by Hind, VIII. 737, 2 b; by 
 Peters, XIII. 356, 1 b; by Watson, XVI. 
 
 2 b. Leverrier’s theory of their distribution 
 and mass,,X. 379, 2 c. 
 
 AsteroVepis, fossil fish, VII. 616, 2 b. 
 
 Astoma [ast'-ma or az'-ma], difficulty of respi¬ 
 ration, II. 39. Treatment of, 2 b. 
 
 Asti [as'-te], city of Italy, II. 39. Eepublic 
 of, ib. Wine of, IX. 467, 2 c. 
 
 Astie, Jean Frederic [as-tya], author, II. 39. 
 
 Astig'matism (of the eye), XV. 237, 1 c. 
 
 AstiVbe Japon'ica (botany), XV. 275, 1 b. 
 
 Ast'ley, Philip, equestrian, II. 39. 
 
 Astol'phtts, king of the Lombards, II. 40. 
 
 As'toma grylla'ria (entomology), XIV. 374,1 b. 
 
 Astor, John Jacob, II. 40. His operations in 
 the fur trade, 1 be VII. 536, 1 a. See As¬ 
 tor Library. 
 
 Astor , William B. : see Astor Library. 
 
 Astor'ga, city of Spain, II. 40. 
 
 Astorga, Emmanuele d 1 , composer, II. 40. 
 
 Asto'eia, town of Oregon, II. 40. 
 
 Astoria , Long Island, X. 626, 2 c. 
 
 Astor Library, II. 41. 
 
 Astor place riots , X. 807, 2 b. Referred to, 
 VII. 323, 2 a; XII. 408, 1 b. 
 
 Astrabad', province, II. 41. Town, 2 c. 
 Astrachan: see Astrakhan. 
 
 Astr^e'a, genus of radiates, II. 42. A. pallida, 
 
 V. 339, 2 c (ill.). Astrsea dome, 340, 2 ab. 
 Astrag'alus or cockal bone , VIII. 825, 2 ab. 
 Astrakhan', province, II. 42. Town, 1 c. 
 Astrakhanides [as-tra-ka'-nidz], central Asian 
 
 dynasty, II. 799, 2 b. 
 
 Astrakhan lamb , fur of, VII. 539, 2 b. Its 
 paws used as a substitute for the tail of the 
 ermine, 537, 1 c. 
 
 Astrakhans , skins, VI. 776, 2 c. 
 
 Astral lamp , X. 129, 1 c. 
 
 Astral light , X. 846, 2 a (Magic). 
 Astringents, II. 42. 
 
 Astrol'ogy, II. 42. Its early development, 
 43, 1 a. Method of procedure, 1 b. 
 Astronom'ical day: see Day. 
 
 Astronomical tables , of Alfonso X., I. 296, 1 c. 
 Astron'omy, II. 43. Chaldean, 2 a; Indian, 
 2 ab; Egyptian, 2 b; Chinese, 44,1 a; Greek, 
 1 b; Alexandrian, 1 c; Ptolemaic, 2 a; 
 Arabian, 2 b; European, ib. Kepler’s laws, 
 45, 1 ab. Spectroscopic analysis, 46, 2 c. 
 Astroph' yton (ichthyology), XII. 644, 1 b. A. 
 Agassizii (ill.), ib. 
 
 Astruc, Jean [as-triik], physician and author, 
 II. 47. 
 
 Astulphus: see Astolphus. 
 
 Astuniga , Lope de [as-too'-nye-ga]: see NuSez, 
 Fern an. 
 
 As'tur (ornithology), VIII. 121, 2 a. A. atri- 
 capillus, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Asturias [as-too'-re-ass], former province of 
 Spain, II. 47. Kingdom of, 48,1 a. Prince 
 of (title), 1 ab. 
 
 Astu'rica Angus'ta: see Astorga. 
 
 As'ty , upper town of Athens, II. 59, 1 ab (ill.). 
 Astyages [as-tl'-a-jeez], last king of Media, 
 II. 48. 
 
 Asuay, or Azuay [a-swl'], department of Ecua¬ 
 dor, II. 48. Desert of, 1 b. 
 
 Asuncion [a-soon-the-oan'], or Assumption, 
 capital of Paraguay, II. 48 (ill.). 
 
 Asurabac'ca , plant, XV. 131, 1 a. 
 
 Asuras , the [a-soo'-ras], in Buddhism, II. 159, 
 1 b; V. 793, 2 a; IX. 224, 1 a; 226, 2 a. 
 In the Persian system, V. 793, 2 b. 
 
 Asy'lum, II. 49. In heathen temples, 1 ab ; 
 
 VI. 678, 1 c. In Christian churches, con¬ 
 vents, &c., II. 49,1 be. Restrictions of, 1 c. 
 Sanctuary, right of, 2 a. Right of, possessed 
 by ambassadors, papal attempts to curtail, 
 IX. 289,1 b, 2 a. 
 
ASYMPTOTE 
 
 ATHENS 
 
 57 
 
 As'ymptote, in mathematics, II. 49. 
 
 Atacama [a-ta-ka'-ma], department of Bolivia, 
 II. 49. Province of Chili, 2 c. Desert of, 
 ib ., and 50, 1 a; IV. 425, 1 be; 42G, 1 be. 
 
 Atac'amite , mineral, IY. 501, 2 a; Y. 319, 2 a. 
 
 Ataci'nus: see Yarro, Publius Terentius. 
 
 Atahuallpa, or Atabalipa [a-ta-wal'-pa, -ba- 
 le'-pa], inca of Peru, II. 50; III. 559, 1 a. 
 
 Atalan'ta, mythical, II. 50. 
 
 Atar'gatis , goddess, XII. 117, 2 be; 118, 1 be. 
 
 Atasco'sa, county, II. 50. 
 
 Atauai [a-tow'-I], Hawaiian Islands: see 
 Kauai. 
 
 Ataul'phus, or Ataulf, king of the Yisigoths, 
 II. 50. 
 
 Atax'ia , progressive locomotor , XY. 270, 1 c. 
 
 Atayde, Catarina de [a-tl'-da], III. 658, 1 b 
 (Camoens). 
 
 Atbara [at-ba'-ra], river: see Nile, XII. 449, 
 2 ab. 
 
 Atciiafalaya [atch-a-fa-ll'-ya], river and ba¬ 
 you, II. 51. 
 
 Atchison, two counties, II. 51. 
 
 Atchison, city, II. 51. 
 
 Atchison, David R., II. 51; IX. 755, 1 a. 
 
 A'te, Greek divinity, II. 51; Y. 794, 1 c. 
 
 Ateles [at'-e-leez], (zoology), XI. 750, 2 c. 
 
 Atel'la, ancient town, II. 51. Atellanaa fabu- 
 lae (ludi Osci), 2 c. 
 
 Atends: see Atnahs. 
 
 Atesh'gahs , shrines of the Guebres, II. 230, 
 2 a. 
 
 Ates'te: see Este. 
 
 Ateuchus [a-tu'-kus], (zoology), XIY. 663, 2 c. 
 A. iEgyptiorum, 664, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Atii, or H£th [at], city of Belgium, II. 50. 
 
 Athabas'ca, or Athapescow, lake, II. 52. Riv¬ 
 er, 1 be; X. 791, 1 c. 
 
 Athabascas, family of American Indians, II. 
 52. 
 
 Atha ben IIakem [a'-ta ben ha'-kem], or Al- 
 kakem ibn Atta, II. 51. Mokanna, the veiled 
 prophet of Moore’s poem, 52, 1 a. 
 
 Athal'aric , king of the Ostrogoths, I. 374, 1 a; 
 IX. 728, 1 a. 
 
 Athali'ah, queen of Judah, II. 52. 
 
 Ara'AMAS, in Greek legends, II. 52; IX. 437, 
 2 b. 
 
 Atha Melik, Ala ed-Din [a'-ta ma'-lik], Per¬ 
 sian historian and statesman, II. 52. 
 
 Athana'sian Creed, II. 52. 
 
 Athanasius, Saint, II. 53. On monachism, XI. 
 729, 2 a. 
 
 Athapescow: see Athabasca. 
 
 JEtheling [etli'-e-ling]: see Anglo-Saxons, I. 
 499, 2 ab, c. « 
 
 A’theist , the, surname of Aetius, I. 154, 2 c. 
 Ath'elney, Isle of, II. 53; III. 282, 1 a. 
 Athelstan, first who called himself king of 
 the English, II. 53. Crowned king of the 
 Anglo-Saxons, 2 c. His encouragement of 
 commerce and learning, 54, 1 a. His mint 
 and currency regulations, XI. 616, 1 c, and 
 738, 1 c. 
 
 Athe'na : see Minerva. 
 
 Athence'um , the , club, London, X. 607, 2 c. 
 Periodical, YI. 109, 2 b, 110, 1 a; XIII. 
 295, 2 c. 
 
 Athen^eus, Greek writer, II. 54. 
 Athenag'oras, Greek philosopher, II. 54. 
 Athena'is : see Eudocia, YI. 770, 2 c, and 
 Athens, II. 57, 1 c. 
 
 Athe'na Prom'achus , statue of, II. 64, 1 b; 
 XIII. 387, 2 c. 
 
 Athena Pronce'a , temple of, Y. 785, 2 c. 
 Athe'ne (ornithology), XII. 755, 1 c. A. cuni- 
 cularia, 2 a (ill.). A. hypogsea, ib. 
 
 Athenian criminal code , III. 754, 1 c, ff.; legis¬ 
 lation and judicial procedure, Y. 6, 1 a. 
 
 “ Athenian Letters see Yorke, Charles. 
 Atheni'noe , bird owls, XII. 755, 1 b. 
 
 Ath'ens, II. 54. Name, 2 b. Early legends 
 and history, 2 a. Constitution of Solon, 55, 
 
 1 b ; reorganization by Clisthenes, 2 a. Mili¬ 
 tary organization and troops, 2 b; I. 738, 
 
 2 a, and 739, 1 c. Athenian hegemony after 
 the Persian war, II. 55, 2 c. Defences, 56, 
 
 1 a. Spartan and Theban supremacy after 
 the Peloponnesian war, 1 c; YIII. 195,1 b; 
 thirty tyrants, ib. Macedonian period, II. 
 56, 2 a. Under the Romans, 57,1 a. Estab¬ 
 lishment of Christianity, 1 c. Frankish rule, 
 
 2 a. Turkish conquest, 2 b. War of inde¬ 
 pendence, 58, 1 a.—General description of 
 ancient Athens, 2 c, ff. Ancient population, 
 64, lb; government, 1 c; religion, 2 be; 
 private life, 2 c. Modern Athens, 65, 2 c. 
 Illustrations: Plan of Athens and the port 
 towns, 59; plan of ancient Athens, 60; 
 present appearance of the Theseum, ib. ; the 
 Acropolis at the present day, 61; ground 
 plan of it, ib. ; ruins of the Propylsea, 62; 
 portico of the Erechtheum, ib. ; ruins of it, 
 ib. ; ruins of the Parthenon, 63; general 
 view of modern Athens, 65. 
 
 Athens, county, II. 66. 
 
 Athens, city of Georgia, II. 66. 
 
 Athens , so-called duke of, I. 483, 2 b. 
 
58 
 
 ATHENS 
 
 ATROPOS 
 
 Athens, the northern: see Weimae. 
 
 Athens, 'plague of, VIII. 192, 1 c. 
 
 Atheri'na (ichthyology), XV. 57, 2 ab. A. 
 notata, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Ather'manous bodies , VI. 80, 2 c. 
 
 Athermic bands , in the spectrum, XV. 246,1 b. 
 
 Atheeton, Charles G. [aif^'-er-tun], II. G6. 
 See Gag rule (Index). 
 
 Athias, Joseph [a-te'-as], Jewish printer, II. 66. 
 
 Athinganians, Christian sect, VIII. 54, 2 c. 
 
 Athlone', town of Ireland, II. 67. 
 
 ATn'oL, Athole, or Atholl, district of Scotland, 
 II. 67. Pass of Killiecrankie, 1 b. 
 
 Athor, or Hathor, Egyptian goddess, II. 7, 
 
 1 b. Temple of, VI. 7, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Ath'os, peninsula, II. 67 (ill.). Remains of 
 Xerxes’s canal, 1 c. Monasteries of, ib. 
 
 Athtar, Himyarite deity, XII. 117, 2 a. 
 
 Atinga (ichthyology), XIV. 788, 2 c. 
 
 Atirhagenratha , Indian tribe, II. 96, 1 a. 
 
 Atitan : see Atitlan. 
 
 Atitlan [a-te-tlan'], lake, II. 67. 
 
 At'kinson, Thomas Witlam, artist and trav¬ 
 eller, II. 67. 
 
 Atlan'ta, city of Georgia, II. 68. Capture of 
 by Sherman’s troops, 2 a. 
 
 Atlantic, county, II. 68. 
 
 Atlantic Ocean, II. 68. Geographical de¬ 
 scription, 69, 1 a. Depth, and figure of the 
 bottom, 2 a; first series of deep-sea sound¬ 
 ings, 70, 1 a. Constitution of the ocean bed, 
 71, 1 c. Currents, 72, 2 a; their cause, 73, 
 
 2 b. Gulf stream, 72, 2 b; 74, 1 b. Life in 
 the Atlantic ocean: vegetable, 78, 2 b ; ani¬ 
 mal, 80, 1 a. 
 
 Atlantic and Pacific railroad , I. 711,1 be. 
 
 Atlantic telegraph: see Field, Cyrus W., VII. 
 177, 1 c; Telegeaph, XV. 617, 2 b. 
 
 Atlantidce , mollusca, XII. 531, 1 b. 
 
 Atlantis, legendary island, II. 80. 
 
 At'las, in mythology, II. 80. 
 
 Atlas, mountain system, II. 81. 
 
 Atlas moth , XI. 867, 2 b. 
 
 At'molyser, for separating gases, VII. 634, 2 b 
 (ill.). 
 
 Atmol’ysis , separation of gases by diffusion, 
 VII. 634, 2 b. 
 
 At'mospheee, II. 81. Height of, 82, 2 c. Den¬ 
 sity of, XIII. 628, 2 b. Ilerschel’s theory 
 of it, VIII. 701, 1 a. Pressure on the hu¬ 
 man body, II. 83, 1 b. Pressure of one at¬ 
 mosphere, XIII. 628, 2 ab. Influence of the 
 atmosphere in the polarization of light, X. 
 451, 1 a. 
 
 Atmospheres, as measures of weight and pres¬ 
 sure, XI. 120, 2 a (Manometee). 
 
 Atmospher'ic air, its proportion of carhon, I. 
 194, 1 a; invariable composition of, 2 c. 
 
 Atmospheric currents, opposite, I. 147, 2c; di¬ 
 rection of, 148, 1 a. 
 
 Atmospheeic Engine, II. 84. Use of it in 
 boring tunnels, 85, 1 c ; in transmitting 
 packages, and propelling railroad trains, 2 a. 
 
 Atmospheric line, or line of atmospheric pres¬ 
 sure of the steam cylinder, XV. 350, 2 b. 
 
 Atmospheric lines of absorption, I. 38, 2 b. 
 
 Atmospheric pressure, II. 325, 1 c, ff. (Baeom- 
 etee). Units of, as a measure, XI. 120, 2 a 
 (Manometee). Practical use of: see At¬ 
 mospheeic Engine. 
 
 Atmu, or Turn [at-moo 7 , toom], Egyptian deity, 
 XII. 116, 2 ab. 
 
 Atnahs, or Atenas, Indian tribe, II. 85. 
 
 Atnas: see Atnahs. 
 
 Atoll', coralline island, II. 85. 
 
 Atom: see Atomic Theoey. Definition of, II. 
 87, 1 be; XI. 583, 1 b; 715, 1 a. 
 
 Atomicity, theory of, II. 88, 1 c ; XI. 583, 2 b ; 
 XII. 479, 1 b. Multivalent, II. 88, 2 a; how 
 represented, 2 be. 
 
 Atom'ic ratio, in mineralogy, XI. 583, 1 c. 
 
 Atomic Theoey, II. 85. Atomic weights, 86, 
 lb; 87, 1 a. Atomic heat, 86, 1 b. Dal¬ 
 ton’s atomic theory, IV. 365, 2 c (Chemis- 
 tey). Gay-Lussac’s law of combining vol¬ 
 umes, 366, 1 b. 
 
 Atomic weight, VI. 700, 2 c. 
 
 Atomistic philosophy, V. 793, 1 b (Democei- 
 tus) ; XIII. 437, 2 a. 
 
 At'omizer, instrument for dividing a liquid into 
 fine spray, I. 117, 1 a. Use of in freezing 
 the skin with ether, VI. 748, 2 a. 
 
 Atossa, wife of Darius Hystaspis, V. 792, 2 c. 
 
 Atotarho, Indian sachem, XII. 632, 1 b. 
 
 Ateato [a-tra'-to], river of Colombia, II. 89. 
 
 Ateebates [a-treb'-a-teez], or Atreba'tii, II. 89. 
 
 Ateetts [a'-truce], legendary hero, II. 89. 
 
 Atri'dce, II. 89, 2 c (Ateeus). 
 
 At'riplex horten’sis (botany), II. 501, 1 a. 
 
 A'teium, in Roman architecture, II. 90; in 
 ancient churches, IV. 566, 2 a. 
 
 At'ropa belladon'na (botany), II. 501,1 a (ill.). 
 
 Ateopate'ne: see Azeebijan. 
 
 At'eophy, II. 90; of the heart, VIII. 565,1 a. 
 
 Ateo'pia, vegetable poison, II. 90. 
 
 Atropine [at'-ro-pin]: see Ateopia. 
 
 At'eopos, mythical, II. 90; XIII. 73, 2 a 
 (Paec^e). 
 
ATRYPA 
 
 AUCHMUTY 
 
 59 
 
 At'rypa , fossil shells, III. 177, 2 c. 
 
 Attachment, in law, II. 90. Foreign, 2 c, ff. 
 Attachment of property, XIY. 849, 2 c. 
 Writ of attachment, XIY. 24, 2 c. 
 
 Attacus atlas (entomology), XI. 867, 2 b. A. 
 Inna and other species, 869, 1 be. 
 
 Attainder, II. 91. Bill of, 2 b. Bills of pains 
 and penalties, ib., and 92, 1 a. In the con¬ 
 stitution of the United States, YII. 317, 1 c; 
 in recent English statutes, ib. 
 
 Attaint of a jury , Y. 152, 1 c. 
 
 Attakapas [at-tuk'-a-paw], district of Louisi¬ 
 ana, II. 92. 
 
 Attakapas, Indian tribe, II. 92. 
 
 Attala [at-ta'-la], county, II. 92. 
 
 Attale'a funifera (botany), Y. 338, 2 ab. 
 
 At'talus, Macedonian general, II. 92. Name 
 of three kings of Pergamus, 2 b. Flavius 
 Priscus, Roman emperor, 2 c; I. 238, 1 be 
 (Alaric) ; XYI. 563, 2 c (Western Empire). 
 
 At'taman, title, II. 93. 
 
 At'tar of Roses, II. 93. 
 
 Attem'perator, in brewing, III. 261, 1 b. 
 
 Attenuation , in brewing, III. 261, 1 c. 
 
 At'terbom, Peter Daniel Amadeus, Swedish 
 poet, II. 93. 
 
 Atterbury, Francis [at'-ter-bSr-re], theologian 
 and politician, II. 93. Controversy with 
 Bentley, 540, 2 b. 
 
 At'tica, II. 94. Ancient inhabitants, 2 a; 
 classification of, ib. 
 
 “ Attic Bee ,” title applied to Urban YIII., 
 XYI. 222, 1 c. 
 
 Attic dialect , YIII. 208, 1 a. 
 
 At'ticus, Titus Pomponius, Roman knight, II. 
 94. 
 
 Atticus Hero'des, Tiberius Claudius, II. 95. 
 
 Attikamegues, or Whitefish Indians, II. 95. 
 
 At'tila, II. 95. “ Scourge of God,” 1 c. In¬ 
 
 vasion of the Roman empires, I. 155, 2 ab. 
 Supposed death by treachery, 2 c. See X. 
 345, 2 be (Leo I.). 
 
 Attilia'tor ballista' rum , a mediaeval English 
 officer, II. 245, 1 c. 
 
 Attiret, Jean Denis [a-te-rS], French Jesuit 
 and painter, II. 95. 
 
 Attius [at'-te-us], Roman poet, X. 193, 2 b; 
 194, 2 a. 
 
 Attiwan'daronk, tribe of Indians, II. 96. 
 
 Attleborough, township, II. 96. 
 
 Attock', or Atak, town of India, II. 96 (ill.). 
 
 Attorney : see Lawyer, X. 237, 1 a, 2 a. At¬ 
 torney and counsellor in the United States, 
 2 a. Relation of attorney and client, 238,1 a. 
 
 Attorney General, law officer of state, II. 
 96. In England, 1 c. In the United States, 
 2 a. Department of justice, 97,1 a. Duties 
 of the attorney general, 1 b. 
 
 Attorney, Power of, II. 97. Constituent or 
 principal, 1 c. Attorney in fact, ib. 
 
 Attraction : see Adhesion, Cohesion, Grav¬ 
 ity, and Magnetism. 
 
 Attrition , in Roman Catholic doctrine, XIY. 
 393, 2 a. 
 
 At'tucks, Crispus, a victim of the “ Boston 
 massacre,” II. 98, 1 c. 
 
 Attwood, Thomas, composer, II. 98. 
 
 Attys : see Atys. 
 
 Atwood's machine , for measuring the velocity 
 of falling bodies, XI. 320, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 A'tys, or Attys, in mythology, II. 98. 
 
 A U., abbreviation, XII. 535, 2 b. 
 
 Aubagne [o-bany’J, town of France, II. 98. 
 
 Aubaine, Right of [o-bain'J, II. 98. See Alien, 
 I. 313, 1 a. 
 
 Aube [oab], department of France, II. 98. 
 River, 2 c. 
 
 Aubenas [oab-na], town of France, II. 98. 
 
 Auber, Daniel Frangois Esprit [o-bair], com¬ 
 poser, II. 98. 
 
 Aubert, Constance [o-bair]: see Abrantes, I. 
 32, 2 a. Louis, ib. 
 
 Aubervilliers [o-bair-ve-lya], a village of 
 France, II. 99. 
 
 Aiibigne , Constant d ’ [do-be-nya], father of 
 Mme. de Maintenon, XI. 39, 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 AubignIs, J. II. Merle d’ : see Merle d’Au- 
 bign£. 
 
 Aubigne, Theodore Agrippa d 1 , Protestant sol¬ 
 dier and historian, II. 99. 
 
 Aubin [o-ba ng ], town of France, II. 99. 
 
 Aublet, Jean Baptiste Christophe Fus6e 
 [o-bla], botanist, II. 99. 
 
 Au'burn, city of New York, II. 99. State 
 prison, 100, 1 a (ill.). State asylum for in¬ 
 sane criminals, 1 c. 
 
 Aubusson [o-bu.-so ng ], town of France, II. 
 
 100 . 
 
 Aubusson, Pierre d’ [do-bu-so Dg ], grand master 
 of the hospitallers, II. 100. 
 
 Aucn [oash], city of France, II. 101. 
 
 Auchenia [aw-ke'-ne-a], (zoology), X. 552, 2 b. 
 A. lama, 553, 1 a (ill.). See Alpaca. 
 
 Auchmuty, Robert [ok'-moo-te], American 
 lawyer, II. 101. Robert, his son, loyalist 
 advocate and judge of Boston, 1 b. Samuel, 
 loyalist clergyman of New York, 1 c. Sir 
 Samuel, British general, 2 a. 
 
60 
 
 AUCKLAND 
 
 AUGUSTA 
 
 Auck'land, William Eden, baron, II. 101. 
 George Eden, earl of, 2 c. 
 
 Auckland, province of New Zealand, II. 101. 
 Capital city, 2 c; view, 102. 
 
 Auckland Islands, II. 102. 
 
 Auction, II. 102. Dutch auction, 2 b. Auctio 
 sub hasta, 2 c. Sales by the candle (or by 
 the inch of candle), ib. (see Fur, YII. 535, 
 2 a). Candlestick biddings, ib. Dumb hid¬ 
 ings, 103, 1 a. 
 
 Aude [oad], department of France, II. 103. 
 Wines of, YII. 411, 2 b. 
 
 Audebekt, Jean Baptiste [oad-bair], painter 
 and naturalist, II. 103. 
 
 Audenarde [Fr. o-den-ard]: see Oudenakde. 
 
 Audhum'la [properly, ow-£Aum'-la], in Scandi¬ 
 navian mythology, XII. 119, 2 b. 
 
 Audien'tes , in ancient churches, IY. 566, 2 ab. 
 
 Audiffret-Pasquier, Gaston P [do-de-fra-pas- 
 kya], duke, XIII. 147, 2 c. 
 
 Audito'rium prin'cipis , in Eoman judicature, 
 IY. 620, 2 c. Its decreta and rescripta, ib. 
 
 Au'ditory apparatus, YI. 351 (ill.). 
 
 Auditory nerve fibrils, XY. 186, 2 a and c. 
 
 Aud'ley, Thomas, lord, II. 103. 
 
 Audouakd, Olympe [o-dwar], traveller and 
 writer, II. 103. 
 
 Audouin, Jean Yictor [o-dwa ng ], entomologist, 
 II. 103. 
 
 Audrain', county, II. 104. 
 
 Audran [o-dra ug ], family of French engravers, 
 II. 104. 
 
 Au'dubon, county, II. 104. 
 
 Audubon, John James [Fr. o-du-bo ng ], Ameri¬ 
 can ornithologist, II. 104. Yictor Gifford 
 and John Woodliouse, his sons, 105, 1 a. 
 Mrs. Audubon, ib. 
 
 Auenbrugger von Auenbrug, Leopold [ow'- 
 en-broog-ger fon ow'-en-broog], German 
 physician, inventor f of percussion, II. 105. 
 
 Auerbach, Bertliold [ow'-er-ba k h], author, II. 
 105. 
 
 Auerbach, Heinrich, medical professor and 
 senator, II. 105. 
 
 Auerbachshof and Auerbach’s cellar, II. 105, 
 2 be (Auerbach, Heinrich), and X. 328, 1 c. 
 
 Auersperg, Anton Alexander, count [ow'-ers- 
 pairg], II. 105. (Died 1876.) 
 
 Auersperg, Carlos, prince, II. 106. 
 
 Auerstadt [ow'-er-stet], village of Thuringia, 
 II. 106. 
 
 Auerstadt , duke of, Y. 718, 1 c. 
 
 Au’gean stables , cleansing of the, II. 106, 1 c 
 (Augeas) ; YIII. 679, 2 a (Hercules). 
 
 Au'geas, or Augias, mythical, II. 106. 
 
 Auger [aw'-gher], varieties of the, III. 99, 1 a 
 (ills.). 
 
 Augereau, Pierre Francois Charles [o-zhuh- 
 ro or oazh-ro], duke of Castiglione, II. 106. 
 Auglirim: see Aghrim. 
 
 Augias : see Augeas. 
 
 Augia sinensis , source of Chinese lac, II. 249,2 c. 
 Augier, Guillaume Yictor £mile [o-zhe-a], 
 dramatist, II. 106. 
 
 Au'gite, mineral, II. 107. 
 
 Auglaize [o-glaiz'J, county, II. 107. 
 
 Augs'burg [Ger. ow k hs'-boorg], city of Bava¬ 
 ria, II. 107 (view). 
 
 Augsburg, diet of, II. 108, 1 b; XIY. 246, 1 a. 
 Augsburg, league of, against France, YII. 383, 
 2 be. 
 
 Augsburg, peace of, XY. 708, 2 c; XIY. 246, 
 1 b. 
 
 Augsburg Confession, II. 108. Alluded to, 
 107, 2 c; X. 728, 1 c, and 731, 1 b, ff. 
 Au'gur, Hezekiah, American sculptor, II. 108. 
 Augurs, Roman diviners, II. 108. 
 
 August, month, II. 109. 
 
 August Friedrich Eberiiard [ow'-goost fre'- 
 dri c h a'-ber-hart], prince of Wiirtemberg, 
 
 II. 109. 
 
 August Wilhelm [vil'-helm], prince of Prus¬ 
 sia, II. 109. 
 
 Augus'ta, county, II. 109. 
 
 Augusta, city of Maine, II. 109. 
 
 Augusta, city of Georgia, II. 110. 
 
 Augusta: see Agosta. 
 
 Augusta, ancient name of London, X. 618, 2 c. 
 Augusta, John, Bohemian theologian, II. 100. 
 Augusta, Maria Louisa Catharine, queen and 
 empress, II. 111. 
 
 Augusta Antonina, name given to Byzantium, 
 
 III. 519, 2 c. 
 
 Augusta Historia, collection of Roman bi¬ 
 ography, II. 111. 
 
 Augustan Age, of Roman literature, II. Ill; 
 115, 2c; X. 195, 1 c. French, II. Ill, 1 c; 
 English, ib., and YI. 639, 1 c. 
 
 Augusta Nem’etum, an ancient name of Spire, 
 XY. 275, 1 c. 
 
 Augusta Prceto'ria: see Aosta. 
 
 Augusta Suessio'num: see Soissons. 
 
 Augusta Taurinorum, ancient name of Turin, 
 XYI. 54, 1 b. 
 
 Augusta Trevirorum, ancient name of Treves, 
 XY. 861, 2 c. 
 
 Augusta Vermanduorum, ancient name of St. 
 Quentin, France, XIY- 553, 2 c. 
 
AUGUSTA 
 
 AURORA 
 
 61 
 
 Augusta Vindelicorum , ancient name of Augs¬ 
 burg, II. 107, 2 a. 
 
 Augustenburg [ow-goos'-ten-boorg], Danish 
 (now German) village, II. 111. Dukes of, 1 c. 
 
 Augusteum , of Leipsic university, X. 329, 1 a. 
 
 Augusti, Johann Christian Wilhelm [ow-goos'- 
 te], German theologian, II. 111. 
 
 Augus'tin, or Austin, Saint, archbishop of 
 Canterbury, II. 111. Sent to convert the 
 Anglo-Saxons, 2 c, and I. 500, 1 be. See 
 more fully, Ethelbekt, king of Kent, VI. 
 744. 
 
 Augustine [aw'-gus-tine, or aw-gus'-tin], 
 (Aurelius Augustinus), Saint, II. 112. As 
 a writer, X. 200, 2 a. On miracles, XI. 
 625, 1 b. His monastic life, 729, 2 b. Her¬ 
 mits of Augustine, ib. Alleged views of 
 evolution, VII. 10, 1 c. Assertion that deaf¬ 
 ness makes religious faith impossible, V. 730, 
 
 1 c. See XI. 810, 2 b; XIII. 439, 1 be. 
 
 Augustin'ian canons , II. 113, 2 c; XI. 729, 2 b. 
 
 Augustinian order , XI. 729, 2 b. 
 
 Augustinians (Hermits of St. Augustine), II. 
 
 113; XI. 730, 1 be. 
 
 Augustobo'na , an ancient name of Troyes, XVI. 
 12, 2 a. 
 
 Augustodu’num: see Autun. Destruction of 
 by the Bagaudso, II. 214, 2 c. 
 
 Augustom'agus : see Senlis. 
 
 Augustonem'etum , an ancient name of Cler¬ 
 mont-Ferrand, IV. 673, 1 c. 
 
 Augustowo [ow-goos-to'-vo], a former govern¬ 
 ment of Poland, II. 113. City, 2 c. Canal 
 of, 114, 1 a. 
 
 Augus'tulus, Romulus, last Roman emperor 
 of the West, II. 114. 
 
 Augustus, Caius Julius Caesar Octavianus, first 
 emperor of Rome, II. 114. His triumvirate 
 with Antony and Lepidus, 2 ab; I. 576, 1 
 c; X. 360, 2 c; XV. 876, 1 be (Triumvi¬ 
 rate). His patronage of Horace, VIII. 815, 
 
 2 b; of Virgil, XVI. 370, 1 be and 2 ab. 
 Political testament of (monument of Ancy- 
 ra), XIII. 310, 2 b (see Ancyra). 
 
 Augustus I. (as king, Augustus II.), Frederick, 
 the Strong, II. 116; X. 42, 1 c. Surrender 
 of Patkul, XIII. 165, 2 c. Augustus II. 
 (III.), Frederick, II. 116, 1 c. 
 
 Augustus Frederick, prince of Great Britain 
 and Ireland, II. 116. 
 
 Auk, II. 116. Great auk, 2 c (ill.). Black¬ 
 billed auk, 117, 1 c. Labrador auk, 2 a. 
 Little auk, 2 b. Paroquet auk, 2 be. Horn¬ 
 billed auk, VIII. 310, 1 c. 
 
 Au'laf, or Anlaf, name of Northumbrian 
 kings, II. 117. 
 
 Aula regis , V. 147, 2 be (Common Law). 
 
 “ Auld Lang Syne" allusion to original of, 
 II. 171,1 c. 
 
 Aulio Council, a tribunal of the German em¬ 
 pire, II. 118. 
 
 Aulis, town of Hellas, II. 118. 
 
 Aullagas [ow-lya'-gass], lake of Bolivia, III. 
 13, 1 a. 
 
 Aulnay de CiiARNisfi, Charles de Menou, sei¬ 
 gneur d’ [do-na dfth shar-ne'-za], French 
 proprietor, II. 118. 
 
 Aulon: see Avlona. 
 
 Aumale [o-mal], town of France, II. 118. 
 Dukes of, 2 b, c. 
 
 Aungervyle, Richard [awn'-jer-vil], English 
 statesman and bibliographer, II. 119. 
 
 Au'ra epilep'tica , VI. 683, 2 a (Epilepsy). 
 
 Aurani'tis , II. 359, 2 b (Bashan). 
 
 Aura mta'lis , a generating spirit, VIII. 624, 2 c. 
 
 Aure'lia , chrysalis, IV. 560, 2 be. 
 
 Aurelia , jelly fish, IX. 601, 1 c (ills.). 
 
 Aurelian, Lucius Domitius Aurelianus, Roman 
 emperor, II. 119. 
 
 Aurelian'um: see Orleans, France. 
 
 Aurelianum Allot/rogum, ancient name of Ge¬ 
 neva, VII. 670, 1 b. 
 
 Aurelius, Marcus: see Antoninus. 
 
 Aurelle de Paladines [o-rel dull pal-a-deen], 
 French soldier, II. 119. (Died 1877.) 
 
 Aurich [ow'-ri c h], town of Germany, II. 120. 
 
 Au'ricle , instrument to aid hearing, VI. 372, 
 1 ab. 
 
 Auricles of the heart , VIII. 557, 1 b ; 558, 2 ab. 
 
 Auric'ula (botany), XIII. 837, 2 c. 
 
 Auriculo-ventricular orifice (anatomy), VIII. 
 557, 1 be. 
 
 Au'rifaber [Ger. ow'-re-fa-ber], companion of 
 Luther, II. 120. 
 
 Aurigera [aw-rij'-e-ra], ancient name of the 
 river Ariege, I. 702, 1 b. 
 
 Aurillac [o-re-lyak], town of France, II. 120. 
 
 Auriol [o-re-ul], French borough, II. 120. 
 
 Aurivillius, Karl [ow-re-vil'-le-oos], oriental¬ 
 ist, II. 120. 
 
 Aurochs [owr'-ox], (zoology), II. 120 (ill.); 
 XIV. 468, 2 be. 
 
 Auro'ra, in mythology, II. 120. 
 
 Aurora, city of Illinois, II. 121. 
 
 Aurora , newspaper organ of the opposition to 
 President Adams, I. 93, 1 c. 
 
 Aurora association (of Swedish students), II. 
 93, 1 c. 
 
62 
 
 AURORA 
 
 AUTOLITHO GRAPHIC 
 
 Aueoea Boeea'lis, II. 121. Humboldt’s de¬ 
 scription of, 1 b. Auroral action as affected 
 by latitude and longitude, 2 a; by the mag¬ 
 netic poles, 2 b. Appearance of, 2 c. Height 
 of auroral arch, 122, 1 be. Extent of visi¬ 
 bility, 2 a. Variations in frequency and 
 splendor, 2 be. Solar spots and magnetic 
 disturbances, 123,1 a. Table of auroras seen 
 in each month, 1 be. Electrical character 
 of, 1 c ; VII. 290, 2 c. Spectrum of, II. 124, 
 1 a. Supposed connection with the zodiacal 
 light, 2 a. Origin of aurora, Olmsted’s the¬ 
 ory, 2 be. 
 
 Aurora community, XV. 140, 2 ab. 
 
 Au'rum mosa'icum or mu'sivum , for bronzing, 
 III. 315, 2 ab; XV. 760, 1 a. 
 
 Aurum potdb'ile, in alchemy, VIII. 85, 1 c. 
 
 Aueungabad', city of Ilindostan, II. 124. 
 
 Aueungzebe', or Aurungzeb, Mogul emperor, 
 II. 125 ; IX. 209, 1 a. Mosque of, in Auran¬ 
 gabad, II. 125 (ill.); in Benares, 515, 1 a. 
 
 Auschwitz [ow'-shwits], town of Austria, II. 
 125. 
 
 Ausculta Dei , papal bull, III. 66, 1 c. 
 
 Auscultation, medical, II. 125. 
 
 Auson , mythical, II. 126, 1 c (Ausones). 
 
 Ausones [aw'-so-neez], ancient tribe of Italy, 
 II. 126. 
 
 Auso'nia, II. 126, 1 c (Ausones); IX. 449,1 ab. 
 
 Ausonius, Decimus Magnus, Latin poet and 
 grammarian, II. 126. 
 
 Aussig [ow'-sbh], town of Bohemia, II. 126. 
 
 Aus'ten, Jane, English novelist, II. 126. 
 
 Austerities, religious , and their physical ef¬ 
 fects, II. 573, 1 b, c. 
 
 Aus'teelitz [Ger. owce'-ter-lits], town of Mo¬ 
 ravia, II. 126. Battle of, 2 c, and III. 42,1 b. 
 
 Austin, county, II. 127. • 
 
 Austin, city of Texas, II. 127. 
 
 Austin, Jonathan Loring, revolutionary pa¬ 
 triot, II. 127. 
 
 Austin, Moses, American pioneer, II. 127. 
 Lead mining, ib ., and X. 253, 2 b. 
 
 Austin , Saint, apostle of the English: see Au¬ 
 gustin. 
 
 Austin, Samuel, D. D., American clergyman, 
 II. 127. 
 
 Austin, Sarah, English authoress, II. 127. 
 
 Austin, Stephen F., founder of the first Amer¬ 
 ican colony in Texas, II. 127. 
 
 Austin, William (Billy), reputed natural son of 
 Queen Caroline, II. 128. 
 
 Austeala'sia, II. 128. 
 
 Australene , oil, XVI. 78, 1 ab. 
 
 Austea'lia, II. 128. (Map.) Coasts, 2 a. Sur¬ 
 face, 129, 1 a. Rivers, 2 b. Lakes, 130,1 a. 
 Geology, 1 ab. Minerals, lb; 131,1c. Cli¬ 
 mate, 130, 1 c. Fauna, 2 ab. Flora, 131, 
 1 a. Aborigines, 2 c (ill., 132); aboriginal 
 shelters (ill.), 132. Political divisions, 2 be. 
 Religion, 133, 1 a. Education, 1 b. Fi¬ 
 nances, 1 c. Commerce, 2 a. Intercommu¬ 
 nication, 2 b. Governments, 2 c. History, 
 ib .; discovery of gold, 134, 2 be. Sheep 
 raising, 135, 1 a. Recent progress, ib. 
 Australia del Espiritu Santo , island, XII. 
 301, 2 be. 
 
 Australian currents , IX. 244, 2 b. 
 
 Australian man and woman (ill.), II. 132. 
 Austea'sia, a kingdom of the Franks, II. 135. 
 Austraterebenihene , oil, XVI. 78, 1 ab. 
 Aus'teia, empire of, II. 135. (Map.) Con¬ 
 stituent parts, 2 a. Topography, 136, 1 b. 
 Hydrography, 2 a. Climate, 2 c. Produc¬ 
 tions, ib. Population, 137, 2 b; nationali¬ 
 ties, 2 c; languages, 138,1 a. Religion, 1 b. 
 Education, 2 a. The press, 139,1 a. Chari¬ 
 table institutions, 1 b. Mining products, 1 c. 
 Agriculture, 2 a. Manufactures, 140, 1 a. 
 Commerce, 1 c. Government, 141, 2 b. Fi¬ 
 nances, 142, 2 b. Army, 143,1 b. History, 2 a. 
 Austeia, archduchy of, II. 154. 
 
 Austrian Lloyd , joint-stock company, II. 141, 
 
 1 a; X. 555, 2 b. 
 
 Austrian succession, war of the, I. 224, 1 c; 
 II. 144, 2 c. Course taken by Frederick the 
 Great, VII. 455, 2 c, ff. England’s support 
 of Austria, 705, 2 be. 
 
 Austeo-Hungaeian Monaechy: see Austeia. 
 Auswandererhaus [owce'-van-der-er-house], for 
 emigrants, III. 249, 2 c (Beemeehafen). 
 Autau'ga, county, II. 154. 
 
 Authen'ticce, IV. 625, 1 b. See Authentics. 
 Authentics, II. 154. Latin translation of Jus¬ 
 tinian’s Novella}, 2 b. Extracts of its decis¬ 
 ions, ib. Issued by Frederick II. and III., ib . 
 Authentic week (Holy Week), VIII. 776, 1 b. 
 Autillo [ow-te'-lyo], act of the inquisition held 
 within the palace, IX. 295, 1 a. 
 
 Auto da F£ [ow'-to da fa], II. 154. Proper 
 meaning of the phrase, ib., and IX. 294, 2 c. 
 The first auto da f6, IX. 294, 2 b. Different 
 classes of autos, 295, 1 a. Proceedings of 
 the auto publico general, 1 ab. 
 
 Autogenous elements [au-toj'-e-nus], (anatomy), 
 XIII. 424, 2 c. 
 
 Autolitliographic or transfer paper , X. 527, 
 
 2 ab, and 526, 2 c. 
 
AUTOLYCUS 
 
 AVICENNA 
 
 63 
 
 Autol'ycus, a Greek legendary tliief and liar, 
 II. 154. Greek mathematician, 2 c. 
 Automatic planetarium, invention of, IX. 98, 
 1 be. 
 
 Automaton, II. 155. Ancient and mediaeval 
 automata, 1 a. Vaucanson’s, 1 c. Droz’s, 
 Malzel’s, &c., 2 b. Kempelen’s pretended 
 automaton chess player, 2 c: see Kempelen. 
 Recent automata, 156, 1 a. 
 
 Automaton speaker, Kempelen’s, IX. 786,1 ab. 
 Au'toplasty, in surgery, II. 156. 
 
 Autositaires [o-to-ze-tair], class of monsters, 
 XI. 765, 1 c. 
 
 Autosites [o-to-zeet], monsters, XI. 764, 2 c. 
 Autre nauray [o-tra no-ra], device of the order 
 of the Golden Fleece, VIII. 89, 2 a. 
 Au'tricum , ancient name of Chartres, IV. 825, 
 
 1 b. 
 
 Autro'nius , conspirator, IV. 120, 2 a. 
 
 Au'tumn, third season of the year, II. 156. 
 Autum'nal catarrh : see Hay Cold. 
 
 Autumnal marrow , XV. 293, 2 c (Squash). 
 Autun [o-tii ng ], town of France, II. 156. 
 Au'tunite , mineral, XVI. 220, 1 b (Uranium). 
 Auvergnats [o-vair-nya], natives of Auvergne, 
 II. 157, 1 c; III. 724, 2 ab. 
 
 Auvergne [o-vairny’], province of France, II. 
 157. 
 
 Auvergne, La Tour d\ family, III. 151, 2 a. 
 
 Philip d’Auvergne, prince of Bouillon, ib. 
 Aux Cayes [o ka], town of Hayti, II. 157. 
 Auxerre [o-sair], city of France, II. 157. 
 Auxerrois [o-sair-wa]: see Auxerre. 
 
 Aux is vulga'ris (ichthyology), III. 68,1 c (ill.). 
 Auxonne [o-sun], town of France, II. 157. 
 
 Aux Plaines [o plain]: see Des Plaines. 
 Auxu'me: see Axum. 
 
 Auzout, Adrien [o-zoo], French mathemati¬ 
 cian and astronomer, II. 157. 
 
 Auzoux, Theodore Louis [o-zoo], French physi¬ 
 cian and anatomist, II. 157. See Anatomi¬ 
 cal Preparations, I. 459, 2 c, 460, 1 a. 
 
 Ava [a'-va], city of Burmah, II. 158. 
 
 Ava, Kingdom of : see Burmah. 
 
 Ava, plant, XIV. 591, 2 a. 
 
 Av'alanche, II. 158. 
 
 Aval islands : see Bahrein Islands. 
 
 Avallon [&-val-lo ng ], town of France, II. 158. 
 Avalos, Ferdinando Francesco d’ [da-va'-loce], 
 marquis of Pescara, II. 158. 
 
 Avar'icum , ancient name of Bourges, III. 159, 
 
 2 a. 
 
 Avar'is, II. 158. See Egypt, VI. 460, 2 b. 
 A'vars, Turanian tribe, II. 158. 
 
 Avatar', of Hindoo divinities, II. 159; IX. 
 228, 1 c. 
 
 AvatcAa, Mount, II. 159. 
 
 Ave'bury, village of England, II. 159. 
 
 Aveiro [a-va'-e-ro], town of Portugal, II. 159. 
 Avekvom, African tribe, X. 57, 1 ab. 
 Avellaneda, Alonso Fernando de [a-va-lya- 
 na'-^a], II. 159. See Cervantes, IV. 213, 
 2 ab. 
 
 Avellaneda, Gertrudis Gomes de, Spanish 
 poetess, II. 159. 
 
 Avellino [a-vel-le'-no], town of Italy, II. 160. 
 
 Province : see Principato Ulterioee. 
 
 Ave Maria [a'-ve ma-rS'-a], II. 160; XI. 218, 
 1 ab (Mary) ; XIV. 432, 1 a (Rosary). 
 Ave'na (botany), XII. 560, 2 c (Oat), and VIII. 
 168, 1 c (Grasses). A. elatior, VIII. 168, 
 1 c, and XII. 562, 1 a. A. sativa, 560, 2 c. 
 A. nuda, 561, 1 c. A. fatua, 2 a (ill.). A. 
 sterilis (hygrometric), 2 c. Other species. 
 Avenbrugger, Leopold: see Auenbrugger. 
 Avencebrol: see Solomon ben Gabirol. 
 Av'enel, white lady of, referred to, VII. 64, 
 
 1 b. 
 
 Avenger of blood, in the Mosaic law, III. 754, 
 
 2 be. 
 
 Ave'nio : see Avignon. 
 
 Av'entine hill (Mons Aventinus): see Rome, 
 XIV. 409, 1 b; 410, 2 a. 
 
 Aventi'nus, Mons (Aventine hill) : see Rome, 
 XIV. 409, 1 b; 410, 2 a. 
 
 Aventueine [a-ven'-tu-rin], mineral, II. 160. 
 Artificial glass, 1 be. 
 
 Avenzo'ar (Ibn Zohr), Abu Merwan, Arabian 
 physician, II. 160. 
 
 Av'erage, geueral, II. 160. Particular, 161, 
 1 b. Petty, ib. ; 640, 1 c. 
 
 Averno [a-vair'-no], lake, II. 161. 
 
 Avernus : see Averno. 
 
 Averroes, or Averrhoes [a-ver'-ro-ez], (Ibn 
 Roshd), Arabian philosopher, II. 161. 
 Averroists: see Averroes, II. 161, 2 b. 
 
 Aversa [a-vair'-sa], town of Italy, II. 161 . 
 A'ves: see Birds. 
 
 Avesnes [a-vain], town of France, II. 161. 
 Aves'ta: see Zend-Avesta. 
 
 Aveyron [a-va-ro ng ], department of France, II. 
 
 162. River, 1 a. 
 
 Avezac : see D’Avezac. 
 
 Avezac, M. d ’ [da-vuh-zak], on the date of Se¬ 
 bastian Cabot’s map, III. 530, 1 a. 
 Aviceb'ron : see Solomon ben Gabirol. 
 Avicen'na (Ibn Sina), Arabian physician and 
 philosopher, II. 162. His work on arithme- 
 
64 
 
 AVICIDA 
 
 AZARA 
 
 tic, I. 708,1 a. His classification of minerals, 
 XI. 589, 1 a. His tomb, VIII. 408, 1 c. 
 Avicida [a-vis'-e-da], (ornithology), X. 19, 2 c. 
 Avidius Cassius , a Koman usurper, I. 574, 2 c. 
 Avigliano [a-ve-lya'-no], town of Italy, II. 
 162. 
 
 Avignon [a-ve-nyo ng ], town of France, II. 162 
 - (m °- A 
 
 Avila [a'-ve-la], province of Spain, II. 163. 
 Capital city, 1 c. 
 
 Avlo'na, town of Albania, II. 163. 
 
 Av'ocet, bird, II. 163 (ill.). 
 
 Avo'ha , tree, X. 810, 1 be. 
 
 Avoidance and confession , in law, XIII. 607, 2 b. 
 Avoiedupois [av-er-du-poiz'J, standard of 
 weight, II. 163. 
 
 Avo'la, town of Sicily, II. 164. 
 
 A' von, name of several rivers, II. 164. 
 Avondale disaster , V. 70, 2 be (Collieey). 
 Avon Speings, New York, II. 164. 
 
 Avoset: see Avocet. 
 
 Avow'ant , XIV. 272, 2 c (Replevin). 
 
 Avowry, to make, XIV. 273, 1 b (Replevin). 
 Avoyelles [a-voi-elz'; Fr. a-vwa-yel], parish 
 of Louisiana, II. 164. 
 
 Aveanches [a-vra ng sh], town of France, II. 
 164. 
 
 Awash', XV. 743, 2 c (Tides). 
 
 Awe, Loch [aw], lake, II. 164. 
 
 Awl , a tool, III. 98, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Awn, in grasses, VIII. 166, 2 a. 
 
 Ax, town of France, II. 164. 
 
 Axayacatl', Mexican emperor, II. 164. Pal¬ 
 ace and treasures of, 2 c. 
 
 Axe, an instrument, II. 165. 
 
 Axel : see Absalon. 
 
 Axelhuus [ax'-el-lioos], Danish fort, I. 33, 2 b. 
 Axes of crystals , XI. 586, 2 a (Mineealogy). 
 
 See Ceystallogeaphy. 
 
 Ax'Maries (feathers), VII. 105, 2 c. 
 
 Axim [ax-eenT], African town, II. 165; I. 210, 
 2 be; VIII. 87, 2 b. 
 
 Ax'inite, mineral, II. 165. 
 
 Axin'omancy, VI. 153, 2 c (Divination). 
 
 Axis (zoology), V. 757, 2 c. A. maculata, 
 spotted axis, 758, 2 ab (ill.). See Buck, III. 
 385, 1 b. 
 
 Axis cylinder of the brain, III. 186, 2 c; of 
 nerves, XII. 232, 1 c. 
 
 Axle, of wheel carriages, II. 165. 
 
 Ax'minstee, town of England, II. 166. Ax- 
 minster carpets, 1 c; IV. 20, 1 a. 
 
 Axolotl', reptile, II. 166 (ill.). 
 
 Axoom : see Axum:. 
 
 Axum [ax-oom'J, city of Abyssinia, II. 167. 
 Royal seat, 1 c (ill.). Obelisk of Axum, 2 a 
 (ill.). Kingdom of, 1 c, and I. 45, 2 be. 
 Chronicles of, I. 48, 1 b. Made a metro¬ 
 politan see, 1 c. 
 
 Axum Thion, Abyssinian convent, I. 49, 1 a. 
 AYAcucno [a-ya-koo'-cho], department of Peru, 
 II. 167. Battle of, 168, 1 a. Capital, 1 b. 
 Ay ala,Balthasar, on the law of war, X. 222, 2 ab. 
 Ayala, Pedro Lopez de [a-ya-la], poet, II. 168. 
 Ayamonte [a-ya-mone'-ta], city of Spain, II. 
 168. 
 
 Ayasalook, or Aiasaluk [I-ya-sa-look']: see 
 Ephesus. 
 
 Ayats [a-yats'], verses of the Koran, X. 44, 2 c. 
 Aye-Aye [I'-i], animal, II. 168 (ill.). 
 
 Ayesha, or Alsha [a'-ye-sha, i'-sha], favorite 
 wife of Mohammed, II. 168; XII. 728, 2 c; 
 
 I. 41, 1 c (Abubeke). 
 
 Aylesbuey [ailz'-ber-e], town of England, II. 
 169. 
 
 Ayl'mee, John, bishop of London, II. 169. 
 Aymaeas [I-ma-ras'], a Peruvian race, II. 169 
 (ill.); III. 10, 2 b. Referred to, XIV. 150, 
 1 b. 
 
 Aymae - Veenay, Jacques [a-mar-vair-na], 
 French impostor, II. 169. 
 
 Aymbores [ime-bo-race'], Indians, III. 140, 2 a. 
 Aye, town of Scotland, II. 170. Brigs of Ayr, 
 1 b (ill.). Burns’s cottage, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Ayeee, Jakob [i'-rer], German poet, II. 170. 
 Aye'shiee, county of Scotland, II. 170. 
 Ayrshire breed of cattle, IV. 130, 2 c. Dolly 
 Ayrshire cow (ill.), 131, 1 a. 
 
 Ays'cbe, Sir George, English admiral, II. 171. 
 Aythy'a Vallisne'ria (ornithology), III. 732, 2 c 
 (ill., 733). A. Americana, ib., and VI. 290,1 a. 
 Ay'ton, Sir Robert, poet, II. 171. 
 
 Aytoun, Sir Robert [a'-toon]: see Ayton. 
 Aytoun, William Edmondstoune, poet, II. 171. 
 Ayu [a-yoo'], (zoology), amphibious animal, I. 
 81, 2 b. 
 
 Ayuntamiento [a-yoon-ta-me-ain'-to], name 
 of village and town councils, II. 171. 
 
 Ayutla [a-yoot'-la], plan or revolution of, 1. 
 
 372, 2 a; V. 171, 2 c; XIV. 617, 1 a. 
 Azaina, tree, X. 810, 1 c. 
 
 Azais, Pierre Hyacinthe [a-zice], philosopher, 
 
 II. 172. 
 
 Aza'lea (botany), II. 172. A. viscosa (ill.) 
 
 and other species. 
 
 Aza'ni : see Aizani. 
 
 Azaea, Felix de [a-tha'-ra], naturalist, II. 173. 
 Jos6 Hicolas de, ambassador and writer, 1 c. 
 
AZARIAH 
 
 BABEUYISTS 
 
 65 
 
 Azari'ah, Hebrew name, II. 173. King, 1 c, 
 and VIII. 588, 2 c. 
 
 Azari'as , II. 173, 2 a. 
 
 Az'azel , an angel in the Mohammedan system, 
 XI. 697, 2 c. 
 
 Azeglio, Massimo Taparelli, marquis d’ [da-za'- 
 lyo], Italian statesman, II. 173. Luigi, Jes¬ 
 uit, 174, 1 a. Roberto, writer on art, 1 ab. 
 Vittorio Emmanuele Taparelli, marquis d’, 
 artist, 1 b. 
 
 Azerbaijan [a-zer-bi-jan']: see Azerbijan. 
 
 Azerbijan', province of Persia, II. 174. 
 
 Azerkh-Amen , Ethiopian king, VI. 749, 2 ab. 
 
 Azevedo Coutinho, Joz6 Joaquim da Cunha 
 [a-za-va'-do ko-te'-nyo], bishop, II. 174. 
 
 Azevedo y ZuStga, Gaspard de [a-tha-va'-£Ao 
 e tlioo'-nye-ga], Spanish viceroy, II. 174. 
 
 Az'imuth , correction of error in, XV. 844, 2 c. 
 Adjustment of a transit instrument to it, 
 845, 2 b. Azimuth circle, XII. 566, 1 c. 
 
 Azincourt: see Agestcourt. 
 
 Aziz [a-zeez'], Fatimite caliph, VII. 94, 2 a. 
 
 Azkar Tuarik: see Tuariks. 
 
 Azof : see Azov. 
 
 Azo'ic Age (geology), II. 174. 
 
 Azoic rocks , VII. 694, 1 a. 
 
 B, a letter, II. 177. Varieties of pronuncia¬ 
 tion, 1 be. In the calendar, 2 ab. In the 
 musical scale, ib. As a numeral, 2 b. 
 
 j fia, bd , bd, bd , meaning of in Anamitic, IX. 
 253, 2 be. 
 
 Baadee, Franz Xaver von [ba'-der], German 
 mystic, II. 177. 
 
 Ba'al, Semitic divinity, II. 177 (ill.). With 
 adjuncts, 2 a. Chief deity of the Phoeni¬ 
 cians, 178, 1 a. In composition, 2 a. Spread 
 of the name, ib. Seats of his worship, IV. 
 37, 2 c; XII. 117, 2 a, ff. See Bel and Be- 
 lus (Index). 
 
 Baalbek [bal'-bek], II. 178. Ruins of (ill.), ib. 
 Temple of Jupiter, 179, 1 a (ill.); piece of 
 fallen ceiling in do. (ill.), ib. 
 
 Ba'al-be'rith (Covenant Baal), II. 178, 1 a. 
 
 Baal-Hamman (Cronos), IV. 37, 2 b. 
 
 Baal-Melkart , patron of Tyre, XII. 118, 1 c. 
 
 Baal-peor (Priapus), II. 177, 2 c. 
 
 Baal-Samin , lord of the heavens, XII. 117, 2 b. 
 
 Baal-Saturn , temple of, IV. 38, 1 a. 
 
 Baaltis , goddess, XII. 109, 2 a; 117, 2 be. 
 
 5 
 
 Azores', or Western Islands, II. 174. 
 
 Azote' : see Nitrogen, XII. 466, 2 c. 
 
 Azoth , X. 846, 2 a (Magic). 
 
 Az’otized tissues , XII. 467, 1 be. 
 
 Azo'tus: see Asiidod. 
 
 Az'ov, or Azof, town and fortress, II. 175. 
 
 Azov, or Azof, Sea of, II. 175. 
 
 Az'rael , angel of death in the Mohammedan 
 system, XI. 697, 2 c. 
 
 Az'tecs, II. 175 (ill., Aztec warriors); I. 392, 
 1 c; XI. 472, 2 a ; 482, 2 be. Their cur¬ 
 rency, XI. 467, 1 c. Their degeneracy re¬ 
 ferred to, VII. 614, 2 ab. 
 
 Aztlan', II. 175, 1 c; 2 c-176, 1 a (Aztecs). 
 
 Azuay: see Asuay. 
 
 Azurara, Gomez Eannes de [a-zoo-ra'-ra], 
 Portuguese historian, II. 177. 
 
 Azure , in heraldry, VIII. 671, 2 a, b. 
 
 Azurine [azh'-u-rin], color, VI. 343, 1 c. 
 
 Az'urite , V. 319, 1 c (Copper). 
 
 Azy'gos u'vulce , XII. 817, 2 b (Palate). 
 
 Az'ymites, polemical term, II. 177. 
 
 Azymo'tics (remedies), III. 769, 1 c. 
 
 Azyr, Vicq d 1 : see Vicq d’Azyr. 
 
 Azzolini , Cardinal [at-so-le'-ne], IV. 550, 1 
 a, b. 
 
 Baal-zebub , fly god, II. 177, 2 c. See Beelzebub. 
 
 Baal-zephon , VII. 29, 2 a (Exodus). 
 
 Baan, Jan van [ban], Dutch painter, II. 179. 
 
 Baastaards [bas'-tards]: see Geiquas. 
 
 Baba [ba'-ba], (the saint), II. 179, 2 c. 
 
 Babadagh [ba-ba-dag'], town, II. 179. 
 
 Bab'bage, Charles, English mathematician, 
 II. 180. His calculating machine, III. 569, 
 1 c. His tables, X. 578, 1 c. 
 
 Babcock, Rufus, D. D., American clergyman, 
 II. 180. 
 
 Bab-ed-Din [bab-ed-deen'], founder of Babism, 
 II. 182, 2 b. 
 
 Ba'bel, II. 180; XII. 117, 1 b. 
 
 Bab-el-Man'deb, strait, II. 181. 
 
 Baber, Zahir ed-Din Mohammed [ba'-ber], Mo¬ 
 gul emperor, II. 181; IX. 208, 1 c. 
 
 Babet [ba-ba], allusion to the story of, III. 161. 
 1 b. 
 
 Babeuf, or Baboeuf, Francois Noel [ba-bflf], 
 French revolutionist, II. 182; XV. 140, 2 b. 
 
 Babemists [ba-bu'-vists]: see Babouvistes (In¬ 
 dex). 
 
66 
 
 BABIL 
 
 BACKGAMMON 
 
 Babil [ba-beel'J, ruins, II. 186, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Babinet, Jacques [ba-be-na], French physicist, 
 II. 182. 
 
 Bab'ington, Anthony, English conspirator, II. 
 182; YI. 533, 2 be; XI. 235, 2 a. 
 
 Babington, William, English physician, II. 182. 
 
 Babirusa [ba-be-roo'-sa]: see Babyroussa. 
 
 Babis [ba'-beez] and Babists: see Babism, II. 
 183, 1 a, c, and XIII. 320, 1 ab. 
 
 Bab'ism, Mohammedan heresy, II. 182. Babist 
 doctrine, 183, 1 b. 
 
 Babo, Franz Marius von [ba'-bo], German dram¬ 
 atist, II. 183. 
 
 Baboeuf: see Babeuf. 
 
 Babolo , sea worm, VII. 101, 2 a. 
 
 Baboon', II. 183. Chacma, or pig-faced ba¬ 
 boon, 2 c (ill.). Dog-faced baboon, 184, 1 b 
 (ill.); I. 168, 2 a. Guinea baboon, II. 184, 
 1 b. Little baboon, 2 a (ill.). Ribbed-nose 
 baboon, or mandrill, 2 c (ill.). Drill, ib. (ill., 
 185). Gelada, 185, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Baboos', Hindoo brokers, III. 573, 1 c. 
 
 Babouvistes [Fr. ba-boo-veest], followers of Ba¬ 
 beuf, II. 182,1 a; XY. 140, 2 c (Babeuvists). 
 
 Bobu Keshab Chander Sen, head of the sect of 
 the Brahmo-Samaj, IX. 231, 1 be. 
 
 Babul , tree, IX. 203, 2 ab. 
 
 Bab'ylon, II. 185. Kasr, 186, 1 b (ill.). Ba¬ 
 bil, 1 b (ill.). Birs Niinrud, 187, 2 a (ill.). 
 Amran (mound), 188, 2 c. Destruction of: 
 see Conflagration, Y. 234, 1 c. 
 
 Babylo'nia, II. 189. 
 
 Babylonian brick (ill.), II. 188, 2 b. 
 
 Babylonian monuments , I. 653, 1 c. 
 
 Babylonians, the , a mixed race, II. 36, 2 c. 
 
 Babylon'ic language : see Chaldee Language, 
 IY. 230, 2 c. 
 
 Babylo'nish Captivity, II. 190. 
 
 Babylonish captivity , so styled, XIY. 399, 2 a. 
 
 Babyrous'sa, or Babirusa, animal, II. 191 (ill.). 
 
 Baccalau'reate, origin of the expression, X. 
 208, 2 be. 
 
 Baccara, or Baccarat [bak-ka-ra'], game, II. 
 192. 
 
 Baccarat [bak-ka-ra], town of France, II. 192. 
 
 Bacchana'lia, or Dionysia, II. 192. Baccha¬ 
 nalian procession, 1 c (ill.). Suppressed by 
 the Roman senate, 193, 1 a. 
 
 Bacchantes [bak-kan'-teez], II. 193. Among 
 medimval students, 2 b. 
 
 Bacchiaclce [bak-kl'-a-de], rulers of Corinth, Y. 
 353, 1 c. 
 
 Bac'chi a'ra, rock in the Rhine, II. 198, 2 b. 
 
 Baochiglione [bak-ke-lyo'-ne], river, II. 193. 
 
 Bac'chis, ancient city, supposed remains of, 
 VII. 103, 1 a. 
 
 Bac'chus, god of wine, II. 193. Birth of, 1 a, 
 
 . and XIY. 758, 2 b. 
 
 Bacchus wine, XII. 190, 2 b. 
 
 Bacchylides [bak-kil'-e-deez], Greek poet, II. 
 193. 
 
 Baccio della Porta [bat'-cho del'-la por'-ta]: 
 see Bartolommeo. 
 
 Bacciochi, Napoleone Elisa [bat-cho'-ke], prin¬ 
 cess, II. 193. Napoleone Camerata, 194,1 a. 
 Count Felice, ib. Marie Anne Elisa, sister of 
 Napoleon I., III. 25, 2 b. Felice Pasquale, ib. 
 Bach [ba k h], name of a German musical fami¬ 
 ly, II. 194. Yeit, 1 b. Hans, ib. Heinrich, 
 
 1 c. Johann AEgidius, ib. Georg Christoph, 
 
 2 a. Johann Ambrosius, ib. Johann Chris¬ 
 toph, ib. Johann Michael, 2 c. Johann 
 Bernard, ib. Johann Sebastian, the great 
 Bach, 195, 1 a. Johann Ernst, 196, 2 ab. 
 Wilhelm Friedemann, the Halle Bach, 2 b. 
 Karl Philipp Emanuel, the Hamburg Bach, 
 
 197, 1 b. Johann Christoph Friedrich, the 
 Biickeburg Bach, 2 c. Johann Christian, the 
 Milan or London Bach, 198, 1 a. Cascilia 
 Giassi Bach, 1 c. 
 
 BAcn, Alexander, baron, Austrian statesman, 
 II. 198. 
 
 Baciiarach [ba'- k ha-ra k h], town of Prussia, II. 
 
 198. 
 
 Bachaumont, Francois le Coigneux de [ba-sho- 
 mo" f ], French writer, II. 198. 
 
 Bache, Alexander Dallas [baitch], American 
 savant and hydrographer, II. 198. See At¬ 
 lantic Ocean, II. 74, 1 be; Coast Survey, 
 IY. 756, 2 a, and 762, 1 ab. 
 
 Bache, Benjamin Franklin, physician, II. 199. 
 Bache, Richard, merchant, II. 199. 
 
 Bache, Sarah, only daughter of Benjamin 
 Franklin, II. 199. Her labors for the needy 
 soldiers of the revolution, 2 c. 
 
 Bachelet, Jean Louis Theodore [bash-la], 
 French cyclopaedist and historian, II. 199. 
 Bach'elor, origin of the term, X. 208, 2 be. 
 Bachman, John [bak'-man], American natural¬ 
 ist, II. 200. (Died 1874.) 
 
 Bacilla'ria paradox'a (botany), YI. 84, 2 be 
 (ill., 85). 
 
 Back, Sir George, English navigator, II. 200. 
 Back bay, Boston, III. 116, 2 b; 118, 1 ab. 
 
 “ Backbone of England,” a ridge, X. 134, 1 b. 
 Back'gammon, game, II. 200. Backgammon 
 board (ill.), 2 b. To backgammon one, 201, 
 1 a. 
 
BACKHUYSEN 
 
 BAGAY’S 
 
 67 
 
 Bacehuysen, or Bakhuysen, Ludolf [bak'-hoi- 
 zen], Dutch painter, II. 201. 
 
 Back'us, Isaac, American clergyman, II. 201. 
 
 Bacler d’Albe, Louis Albert Gliislain, baron 
 de [b&k-lair dalb], French painter, II. 201. 
 
 Bacolor [ba-ko-lore'], town of the Philippines, 
 II. 201. 
 
 Ba'con, Anne, mother of Lord Bacon, II. 201. 
 
 Bacon, Francis, Viscount St. Albans and Baron 
 Verulam, philosopher, II. 201. His proposed 
 “ college of the six days’ works,” 2 c. His 
 parliamentary eloquence, 202, 1 be. His 
 “Essays,” 2 a. His conduct toward Lord 
 Essex, 2 be. His political advancement, 203, 
 1 a, ff. Lord high chancellor, 2 b. His 
 Norum Organum , ib. His trial and disgrace, 
 204, 2 a. His law writings, 205, 1 b. Aided 
 in his trial by Sir Julius Caesar, III. 543, 2 c. 
 His theory of heat, V. 377, 2 c; VIII. 567, 
 1 c; of the design of miracles, XI. 625, 1 c. 
 His perfidious conduct in the case of Peacli- 
 am, XV. 851, 1 b. See Philosophy, passim, 
 specially XIII. 440, 2 b. 
 
 Bacon, John, sculptor, II. 205. 
 
 Bacon, Leonard, D. D., American clergyman, 
 II. 206. Delia, teacher and writer, 1 c. 
 
 Bacon, Nathaniel, the Virginia rebel, II. 206 ; 
 561, 1 b. 
 
 Bacon, Sir Nicholas, statesman, father of Lord 
 Bacon, II. 206. 
 
 Bacon, Roger, Franciscan friar and scholar, II. 
 206. His speaking brazen head, 155, 1 ab. 
 
 Bacs, or Bacska [batch, batch'-kaw], county of 
 Hungary, II. 207. Town, 2 a. 
 
 Bacsanyi, Janos [botch'-an-ye], Hungarian po¬ 
 et, II. 207. 
 
 Bacteria : see Bacterium:. 
 
 Bacte'rium (plural, bacteriums or bacteria), 
 II. 207. Presence of bacteria in putrefac¬ 
 tion, I. 571, 1 b; VII. 144, 2 a. Mode of 
 generation, II. 208, 2 ab; XV. 284, 1 c, 2 c. 
 
 Bactra , or Zariaspe, ancient city, II. 208, 1 be. 
 
 Bac'tria, or Bactriana, ancient country, II. 
 208. Bactrian coins, 2 a (ill., 1 c). 
 
 Bactrian , Old : see Iranic Races and Lan¬ 
 guages, IX. 347, 1 a. 
 
 Bactrian'a : see Bactria. 
 
 Baczko, Ludwig von [bats'-ko], German au¬ 
 thor, II. 208. 
 
 Badagio, Anselmo [ba-da'-jo], (Pope Alexander 
 II.), I. 278, 1 a. 
 
 Badajoz [ba-^Aa-'hoath'], province of Spain, 
 II. 208. Town, 2 ab. Peace of, XV. 213, 
 1 c. 
 
 BadaJcar', a tribe of India, IX. 215, 2 c. 
 
 Badakiishan [ba-dak-shan'J, country of cen¬ 
 tral Asia, II. 209. 
 
 Baden [ba'-den], grand duchy of Germany, II. 
 209. 
 
 Baden, town of Lower Austria, II. 210. Town 
 of Switzerland, 211, 1 a. 
 
 Baden-Baden, German watering place, II. 211 
 (ill.). 
 
 Baden-Baden , line of, II. 210, 2 a. 
 
 Baden-Baden, Ludwig Wilhelm I., margrave 
 of, a general, II. 211. 
 
 Baden-Durlach, line of, II. 210, 2 a. 
 
 Badge of fraud, in law, VII. 445, 1 b (Fraud). 
 
 Badger, animal, II. 212 (ill.). American bad¬ 
 ger, 2 c (ill.). Indian badger, 213, 1 b (ill.). 
 Badger’s fur, VII. 597, 2 ab. The wombat 
 so called, XVI. 702, 2 c. 
 
 Badia y Leblich, Domingo [ba-^Ae'-a e la- 
 bleech'], (Ali Bey), Spanish traveller, II. 213. 
 
 Badius, Jodocus, or Josse [ba'-de-us], Dutch 
 printer and author, II. 213. Conrad, 2 b. 
 
 “ Bad lands,” of the w'est, XI. 622, 2 b; 
 XIV. 381, 1 c. 
 
 Badrinath : see Bhadrinath. 
 
 Badr-Oodin , sultan of Banca, II. 265, 1 b. 
 
 Badui'la : see Totila. 
 
 Baena [ba-a'-na], town of Spain, II. 213. 
 
 Baer, Karl Ernst von [fon bair], Russian nat¬ 
 uralist, II. 213. His discovery of the egg in 
 the ovary, VI. 561, 1 b. His ascending 
 series from osseous fishes to reptiles, VIII. 
 694, 1 c. His classification of mammals, XI. 
 81,1 ab; of birds, XII. 707, 2 a. On mollusca, 
 XI. 51, 1 b; evolution, VII. 10, 2 b, 14, 2 be. 
 
 Baerle, Gaspard van [bar'-leh], (Barlieus), 
 Dutch poet and theologian, II. 213. 
 
 Baert: see Bart, Jean. 
 
 Bceterra , or Baaterrse : see Beziers. 
 
 Bce'tis : see Guadalquivir. 
 
 Bcetyl'ia , VI. 154, 1 b (Divination). 
 
 Baez, Buenaventura [ba'-ace or bice], presi¬ 
 dent of Santo Domingo, II. 214. 
 
 Baeza [ba-a'-tha], city of Spain, II. 214. 
 
 Baf'fin, William, English navigator and arctic 
 explorer, II. 214; I. 669, 2 a. 
 
 Baffin Bay, II. 214. 
 
 Baffo, the Pure, II. 214. 
 
 Baffomet : see Bapiiomet. 
 
 Bag'acum , ancient city : see Bavay. 
 
 Bagaria : see Bagheria. 
 
 Bagarmi , African tribe, II. 216, 2 a. 
 
 Bagau'd.e, or Bagaudi, Gallic peasants, II. 214. 
 
 Baga'tfs tables of logarithms , X. 578, 1 c. 
 
68 
 
 BAGDAD 
 
 BAIN 
 
 Bag'dad [properly, bag-dad'], city of Asiatic 
 Turkey, II. 215 (ill., Ezekiel’s tomb). Sacked 
 and burned by Tartars, Y. 234, 2 a; by 
 Turks, ib., and I. 447, 1 be. 
 
 Bage, Robert, English novelist, II. 216. 
 
 Bag'gesen, Jens Immanuel, Swedish poet, II. 
 216. 
 
 Bagheria, or Bagaria [ba-ga'-re-a, -ga'-re-a], 
 town of Sicily, II. 216. 
 
 Baghirmi [ba-gheer'-me], kingdom of Africa, 
 II. 216. 
 
 Baghistan': see Behistun. 
 
 Baghul: see Bagtjl. 
 
 Baglivi [ba-lye'-ve], his description of tarantis- 
 mus, Y. 663, 2 c. 
 
 Bagneees-de-Bigoree, and B.-de-Luchon [ba- 
 nyair-duh-be-gor, -lti-sho ng ], bathing towns 
 of France, II. 216. 
 
 Bagnolen'ses , I. 243, 2 b (Albanenses) ; IY. 
 116, 1 b (Cathaeists). 
 
 Bagnoles [ba-nyul], hamlet of France, II. 216. 
 
 Bago'as, eunuch, officer of Artaxerxes Ochus, 
 II. 216. 
 
 Bag of waters, XII. 569, 2 c, 570, 1 a (Ob¬ 
 stetrics). 
 
 Bago'ses: see Bagoas, II. 216, 2 c. 
 
 Bag'ot, Sir Charles, English diplomatist, II. 
 216. 
 
 Bagpipe, musical wind instrument, II. 217. 
 
 Bagpipes , molluscoid animals, XI. 725, 1 ab. 
 
 Bageadas' : see Mejeeda. 
 
 Bagrat', or Bagrad', II. 217, 1 b. 
 
 Bagratides, or Bagradites [ba-grat'-ids, ba- 
 grad'-its], a royal family, II. 217; I. 723, 
 2 b ; 724, 1 c. 
 
 Bagration, Peter [ba-gra'-te-on], prince, II. 
 217. Family, I. 723, 2 b. 
 
 Bagre [ba-gra'], a fish, VIII. 279, 1 c. Its 
 method of hatching its eggs, VII. 239, 2 ab. 
 
 Baguet [ba-ga/], a kind of tulip, XYI. 26, 2 b. 
 
 Bagul, or Baghul [ba-gul'], state of India, II. 
 217. 
 
 Bahadour, Shall Mohammed [ba-ha'-door], titu¬ 
 lar Mogul emperor, Y. 781, 1 be. 
 
 Baha'mas, islands, II. 217. 
 
 Bahawalpoor : see Bhawalpoor. 
 
 Bahia [ba-e'-a], province of Brazil, II. 218. 
 Capital town, 2 c. 
 
 Bahia de Todos Santos [ba-S'-a da to'-doce san'- 
 toce]: see All Saints’ Bay. 
 
 Bahia Honda expedition , X. 635, 1 a. 
 
 BlnR, Johann Christian Felix [bair], German 
 philologist, II. 219. 
 
 Bohr Banias, lake, IX. 683, 2 a. 
 
 Bahr Bela-ma, river without water, XIY. 389, 
 2 c. 
 
 Baiirdt, Ivarl Friedrich, German theologian, 
 II. 219. 
 
 Bahrein (or Aval) Islands, II. 219. 
 
 Bahr-el-Abiad (Nile), I. 166, 2 b. See Nile. 
 
 Bahri dynasty, XI. 73, 2 b. 
 
 Bahr Khait, lake, IX. 683, 2 a. 
 
 Bahurutse, African tribe, II. 438, 2 b. 
 
 Bai'je, ancient town, II. 220. 
 
 Baian, Avar khan, II. 158, 2 c. 
 
 BaidarJcas, skin boats, X. 40, 1 a. 
 
 Baidiglio [bl-de'-lyo], marble, IY. 24, 2 c. 
 
 Baikal [bl-kal'], lake, II. 220. Baikalian 
 mountains, 2 a. 
 
 BaiJcie, Dr., African explorer, II. 532, 2 c. 
 
 Bail, in law, II. 220. Bail below, 2 b ; above, 
 ib. Bail piece, 2 c. Common bail, 221,1 a. 
 Special bail, in a civil action, XIY. 231, 1 ab. 
 
 Bailen: see Baylen. 
 
 Bai'ley, Gamaliel, American journalist, II. 221. 
 
 Bailey, Jacob Whitman, American naturalist, 
 II. 221. 
 
 Bailey, Lieut. Col. Joseph, American engineer, 
 I. 290,1 c. 
 
 Bailey, Nathan, English lexicographer, II. 221. 
 
 Bailey, Philip James, English poet, II. 221. 
 
 Bailey, Samuel, English philosopher, II. 221. 
 
 Bailey, Theodorus, American naval officer, II. 
 
 222 . 
 
 Bailie, a Scotch officer, II. 222, 1 c. 
 
 Bailiff, II. 222. Bailiwick, 1 b. Bound bail¬ 
 iff (vulgarly, bum-bailiff); ib. 
 
 Baillet, Adrien [ba-ya], French writer, II. 222. 
 
 Bailleul [ba-yhl], town of France, II. 222. 
 
 Bailliage [ba-yazh], II. 222. 
 
 Bail'lie, Joanna, Scottish poet, II. 222. 
 
 Baillie, Matthew, Scottish physician, II. 223. 
 
 Baillie, Robert, Scottish theologian, II. 223. 
 
 Baillot, Pierre Marie Francois de Sales [ba- 
 yo], French violinist, II. 223. 
 
 Bailly, Jean Sylvain [ba-ye], French astron¬ 
 omer and statesman, II. 223. His tlieorv of 
 the origin of Hindoo astronomy, 43, 2 b. 
 
 Bailment, in law, II. 224. 
 
 Bail piece, in law, XIY. 231, 1 ab. 
 
 Bails, in the game of cricket, Y. 482, 1 c. 
 
 Bai'ly, Edward Hodges, English sculptor, II. 
 224. 
 
 Baily, Francis, English astronomer, II. 224. 
 
 Baily, Nathan: see Bailey. 
 
 Baily's group of islands, III. 67, 2 ab. 
 
 Bain, Alexander, Scottish philosopher, II. 224. 
 On logic, X. 582, 1 c. 
 
BAIN 
 
 BALBI 
 
 69 
 
 Bain, Alexander , inventor of an electric clock, 
 IV. 700, 2 a; of the electro-chemical tele¬ 
 graph, XV. 013, 2 b. (Died 1877.) 
 
 Bain'bridge , county seat, V. 748, 1 a. 
 
 Bainbridge, William, American naval officer, 
 II. 224. His captivity in Tripoli, 225, 1 be, 
 and 338, 2 he. 
 
 Bairam [bi-ram'], name of Mohammedan holi¬ 
 days, II. 225. 
 
 Baird, Sir David, British general, II. 225. 
 
 Baird, Robert, D. D., American clergyman, II. 
 225. 
 
 Baird, Spencer Fullerton, American natural¬ 
 ist, II. 226. His classification of mammals, 
 XI. 81, 1 c. 
 
 Bairdstoicn : see Bardstown. 
 
 Baireuth, or Bayreuth [bi'-roit], city of Ger¬ 
 many, II. 226 (ill.). 
 
 Baissiers [ba-se-a], operators in the Paris 
 bourse, XV. 388, 2 c. 
 
 Bahts, Michael, Flemish theologian, II. 227. 
 
 Bajaus , sea gypsies, II. 264, 2 be. 
 
 B ajazet', Bajazid, or Bayazid [ba-ya-zeed'], two 
 sultans, II. 227. Bajazet I., allusions to, I. 
 227, 1 b; 446, 1 ab. 
 
 Bajazid, or Bayazid, town of Armenia, II. 227. 
 
 Bakacs, Tamas [bok'-otch], Hungarian states¬ 
 man, II. 227. 
 
 Bakalahari [ba-ka-la-ha'-re], African tribe, 
 II. 228; 438, 2 be. 
 
 Baked-apple berry, XIV. 209, 2 c. 
 
 Baker, four counties, II. 228. 
 
 Baker, Edward Dickinson, American senator 
 and soldier, II. 228. 
 
 Baker, Henry, English teacher of the deaf 
 and dumb, II. 228. 
 
 Baker, Osmon Oleander, D. D., American bish¬ 
 op, II. 228. 
 
 Baker, Sir Samuel White, African explorer, 
 II. 229, and I. 167, 1 c. Commissioned to 
 check the slave trade, I. 171, 1 a. 
 
 Bakewell, town of England, II. 229. 
 
 Bakewell, Robert, English agriculturist, II. 
 229. 
 
 Bakumut [ba k h-moot'], town of Russia, II. 229. 
 
 BAKnTcmsERAi [ba k h-che-sa-rT], town of the 
 Crimea, II. 229. 
 
 Bakhtegan', lake of Persia, II. 230. 
 
 Bakhtiars, nomadic tribe, IX. 180, 1 c. 
 
 Bakhtish'wa, family of Nestorian physicians, 
 II. 230. 
 
 Pakhuysen : see Backhuysen. 
 
 Bakhtiyari [ba k h-te-ya'-re], Persian tribe, X. 
 724, 2 ab. 
 
 Balcing powders : see Yeast Powders. 
 
 Bakony [bok'-ony’], or Forest of Bakony, 
 mountain range of Hungary, II. 230. 
 
 Bakoo : see Baku. 
 
 Baku [ba-koo'], a government of Russia, II. 
 
 230. Capital town, 2 c. 
 
 Bakunin, Mikhail [ba-koo-nin'], Russian revo¬ 
 lutionist, II. 231. 
 
 Bakwains, African tribe, II. 438, 2 b. 
 
 Bal, or Beal (= Baal), Irish deity, II. 178, 2 a. 
 Balaam [ba'-lam], soothsayer, II. 231. 
 Balabala [ba-la-ba'-la], tree fern, VII. 110, 1 b. 
 Balada, ballad of the troubadours, XII. 88, 2 b. 
 Balw'na (zoology), XVI. 580, 1 c. B. mysti- 
 cetus, ib. (ill.). B. australis, 2 c. 
 
 Balcenidce, family of whales, XVI. 580, 1 b. 
 Baleenop'tera bo'dps (zoology), XIV. 429, 2 a 
 (ill.). 
 
 Balaka, African tribe, II. 438, 2 b. 
 
 Balaklava [ba-la-kla'-va], town of the Crimea, 
 
 II. 231 (ill.). Balaklava-Greek battalion, 2 b. 
 Slaughter of Lord Cardigan’s light brigade 
 at, 2 c. 
 
 Balalaika [ba-la-lT-ka], musical instrument, II. 
 232. 
 
 Bal'ance, II. 232. Common, 1 c (ill.). Con¬ 
 ditions of greatest delicacy, 233, 1 a. Chem¬ 
 ical balance, 1 c (ill.). Spring balance, II; 
 234, 2 c; VI. 489, 2 be; XVI. 537, 1 c. Bal¬ 
 ance, or scales, antiquity of, 2 c. Torsion 
 balance, Coulomb’s, II. 234, 1 c. Michell’s, 
 for measuring the earth’s density, VI. 357, 
 2 c (ilk). Torsion balance electrometer, 503, 
 2 be (ill., 504). See Prechtl (Index). 
 Balance in bookkeeping, III. 80, 2 a and c. 
 Balance of organic nature, V. 380, 1 c. 
 
 Balance of a watch, IV. 700, 2 c. Balance 
 wheel, ib. 
 
 Balanguini [ba-lan-ghe'-ne], islet, II. 234. 
 Balani'nus nu'cum (entomology), XVI. 536,1 a. 
 Balard, Antoine Jerome [ba-lar], French 
 chemist, II. 235. His discovery of bromine, 
 
 III. 307, 2 c. 
 
 Balaruo [ba-la-ruk], watering place of France, 
 II. 235. 
 
 Balasore', city of India, II. 235. 
 
 Balas ruby, XV. 271, 2 b. 
 
 Balassa-Gyarmath [bol'-osh-shaw-dyor'-mot], 
 town of Hungary, II. 235. 
 
 Balaton, Lake, II. 235. 
 
 Balaustines [ba-laws'-tins], flowers of pome¬ 
 granate, XIII. 692, 2 ab. 
 
 Balbi, Adriano [bal'-be], Italian geographer, 
 II. 235. Eugenio, geographer, 2 b. 
 
70 
 
 BALBI 
 
 BALLOONING 
 
 Balbi, Giovanni de Janua or Januensis, Do¬ 
 minican friar and author, II. 235. 
 
 Balbi, Countess de, II. 235. 
 
 Balbi'nus, Decimus Cselius, Roman emperor, 
 II. 235. 
 
 Balbo, Cesare, count, Italian statesman, II. 236. 
 
 Balbo'a, Yasco Nufiez de, Spanish discoverer, 
 II. 236. 
 
 Balbrig'gan, town of Ireland, II. 236. 
 
 Balbuena, Bernardo de [bal-bwa'-na], Spanish 
 poet, II. 236. 
 
 Bal'bus, Lucius Cornelius (Major), Roman con¬ 
 sul, II. 236. Lucius Cornelius (Minor), 2 c. 
 Quintus Lucilius, philosopher, 237, 1 ab. 
 Lucius Octavius, jurist, 1 b. Titus Ampius, 
 tribune, ib. 
 
 Balde, Jakob [bal'-deh], German poet, II. 237. 
 
 Baldi, Bernardino [bal'-de], Italian scholar, 
 II. 237. 
 
 Bald-pate (widgeon), III. 733, 2 a; XYI. 615, 
 2 c. 
 
 Baldr : see Baldur. 
 
 Bal'dur, Balder, or Baldr, in Scandinavian 
 mythology, II. 237; XII. 119, 2 c. 
 
 Baldur , or Phol, in German mythology, XII. 
 120, 1 c. 
 
 Baldwin [bawld'-win], two counties, II. 237. 
 
 Baldwin, counts of Flanders, II. 238. 
 
 Baldwin, emperors of Constantinople, II. 238. 
 
 Baldwin, kings of Jerusalem, II. 238. 
 
 Baldwin, John Dennison, American journalist 
 and archaeologist, II. 239. 
 
 Baldwin's phosphorus: see Phosphorus (Index). 
 
 Bale [bal]: see Basel. 
 
 Balear'ica (ornithology), Y. 457, 2 c; 458, 2 
 ab. B. pavonina, 458, 2 ab (ill.). 
 
 Balearic Islands, II. 239. 
 
 Balearic sea , part of the Mediterranean, XI. 
 353, 2 c. 
 
 Balearicus , surname of Q. C. Metellus, II. 239, 
 2 a. 
 
 Balearis Minor : see Minorca. 
 
 BALkcHou, Jean Jacques Nicolas [ba-la-shoo], 
 French engraver, II. 239. 
 
 Baleen': see W halebone. 
 
 Balen, Hendrik van [ba'-len], Flemish painter, 
 II. 239. 
 
 Bales'tra, Antonio, Italian painter, II. 239. 
 Giovanni, referred to, 2 c. 
 
 Balee, Michael William [half], Irish composer, 
 II. 239. Yictoria, vocalist, 240, 1 c. 
 
 Balfour, Alexander [bal'-foor], Scottish au¬ 
 thor, II. 240. 
 
 Balfour, Sir James, Scottish jurist, II. 240. 
 
 Balfour, Walter, American clergyman, II. 240. 
 Balfrush [bal-frooslr], town of Persia, II. 240. 
 Balfurush [bal-foo-roosli']: see Balfrush. 
 
 Bali [ba'-le], island, II. 240. 
 
 Bali , in Hindoo mythology, II. 159, 1 b; in 
 Scandinavian mythology, XII. 120, 1 a. 
 Balih-Denghis [ba-leek'-den-gheess'J, Turkish 
 name of the sea of Azov, II. 175, 1 b. 
 
 Baliol : see Balliol. 
 
 Balisaur [ba-le-sour'J, Indian badger, II. 213, 
 
 1 ab (ill.). 
 
 Balize [ba-leez'], town, II. 241. See Hon¬ 
 duras, British. 
 
 Balkan' Mountains, II. 241. 
 
 Balkash', lake of Siberia, II. 241. 
 
 Balkii [baPh], country of central Asia, II. 
 
 241. Capital city, 242, 2 b. 
 
 Balkhash : see Balkash. 
 
 Ball, Game of: see Base Ball. 
 
 Ball, John, English preacher, II. 242. 
 
 Ball, Thomas, American sculptor, II. 242. 
 BALLANcnE, Pierre Simon [bal-la ng sh], French 
 writer, II. 242. 
 
 Bal'lantyne, James, Scottish printer, II. 242. 
 
 John, publisher, 243, 1 b. 
 
 Ballan wrasse , fish, XYI. 734, 1 c (ill.). 
 Ballarat', city of Australia, II. 243. 
 Bal'lard, county, II. 243. 
 
 Ballardsville , county seat, III. 82, 1 c. 
 Ballenstedt [bal'-len-stet], town of Germany, 
 II. 243. 
 
 Ballet [bal-la], II. 243 ; X. 712, 2 ab. 
 Ballina [bal-le-na/], seaport of Ireland, II. 244. 
 Ballinasloe [bal-le-na-slo'J, town of Ireland, 
 II. 244. 
 
 Balling, Karl Joseph Napoleon [bal'-ling], 
 Bohemian chemist, II. 244. 
 
 Balliol, John [bal'-yul], king of Scotland, II. 
 
 244. Edward, king, 2 b. 
 
 Balliol college , founders of, II. 244, 2 ab. 
 
 Notice of, XII. 764, 2 c; 765, 1 c. 
 Ballis'ta, military engine, II. 245. A name 
 of the crossbow, 1 be. Ballistarius, ib. 
 Mention of, IY. 101, 2 a. 
 
 Balloon' : see Aeronautics. First construc¬ 
 tion of, I. 145, 2 c (ill., 146). Modern, 149, 
 
 2 a (ill.). Yalve, Giffard’s, 2 c (ill., 150). 
 Qoncave appearance of the earth as seen 
 from it, 150, 1 c. 
 
 Balloon fish, XIY. 738, 2 c (ill., 739). 
 Ballooning: see Aeronautics. Use of hydro¬ 
 gen gas discovered, I. 145, 1 c. First fatal 
 accident, 146, 2 a. Number who have per¬ 
 ished, 2 b. Ascents in the interest of sci- 
 
BALLOONS 
 
 BAMFF 
 
 71 
 
 ence, 147, 1 a; the most remarkable, 2 a. 
 Use in war, 148, 1 c, 2 a, b, c; for observing 
 the sun’s eclipse, 149, 1 c. 
 
 Balloons , mountain summits of the Yosges, 
 VII. 367, 1 be. 
 
 Balloon voyage , first successful, I. 146, 2a; II. 
 693, 2 b; IX. 599, 2 a. 
 
 Bal'lot, II. 245. In Athens, 1 c. In Rome, 
 2 ab. In the United States, 2 b. In Europe, 
 246, 1 a. In England, 1 b. 
 
 Balloting , of a shot, VIII. 324, 2 c (ill., 325). 
 
 Ballottement [bal-liit-ma ng ], in obstetrics, XII. 
 569, 1 a. 
 
 Balloij, Hosea [bal-loo'], American clergyman, 
 II. 246. Hosea, clergyman, 2 a. Maturin 
 Murray, journalist, 2 b. Moses, author, ib. 
 
 BalVs Bluff, battle of, XVI. 176, 1 a. 
 
 Ball'ston Spa [spa or spaw], village of New 
 York, II. 246. 
 
 Battue de Bellanglise [ba-lii duh bel-a n? -gleez], 
 Beranger’s schoolmaster, II. 547, 1 ab. 
 
 Ballyme'na, town of Ireland, II. 246. 
 
 Balme, Col de [kul duh balm], pass in the 
 Alps, I. 354, 1 c. 
 
 Balmes, Jaime Lucio [bal'-mace], Spanish theo¬ 
 logian and philosopher, II. 247. 
 
 Balm of Gilead [bam], a plant and its balsam, 
 II. 247 (ill.). Balm of Gilead trees, 1 c; 
 VII. 208, 1 a (balsam fir, ill.); XIII. 712, 
 2 a (balsam poplar). 
 
 Balmo'ral, Queen Victoria’s summer residence, 
 II. 247. 
 
 Balnav'es, Henry, Scottish reformer, II. 247. 
 
 Balsam [bawl'-sum], in botany, II. 247. Gar¬ 
 den balsam, 248,1 a (ill.). A name of Men- 
 zies’s spruce, XV. 291, 1 c. See Balsams. 
 
 Balsam coast, Central America, II. 248, 2 b. 
 
 Balsam fir, tree, VII. 208, 1 a (ill.). Fraser’s 
 balsam fir, 2 b. Balsam of fir, turpentine, 
 XVI. 77, 1 be. 
 
 Balsamine [bawl'-sa-min], garden balsam, II. 
 248, 1 b. 
 
 Balsamito [bal-sa-me'-to], tincture of balsam, 
 II. 248, 2 c. 
 
 Balsamo, Giuseppe [bal'-sa-mo], real name of 
 the impostor, count di Cagliostro, III. 548, 
 2 be. 
 
 Balsamoden'dron Ehrenbergian'um (botany), 
 XII. Ill (ill.). B. Gileadense, II. 247, 1 a; 
 250, 1 c. 
 
 Balsam poplar: see Poplar, XIII. 712, 2 a. 
 
 Balsams, II. 248. Balsam of Peru, 2 b (ill.). 
 Black balsam, 249,1 a. Balsam of Tolu, 1 b 
 (ill.). Styrax officinalis, 2 b (ill.). Canada 
 
 balsam, 2 c. Balsam copaiba, 250, 1 a (ill.). 
 Balsam of Mecca, 247, 1 a; 250, 1 c. 
 
 Balta [bal'-ta], town of Russia, II. 250. 
 
 Baltacchini, Saverio [bal-tak-ke'-ne], Italian 
 poet, II. 250. Michele, historian and novel¬ 
 ist, 2 b. 
 
 Balta Liman [le-man'], bay, II. 250. 
 
 Baltard, Louis Pierre [bal-tar], French archi¬ 
 tect, II. 250. Victor, architect, 2 c. Pros¬ 
 per, architect, 251, 1 ab. Jules, painter, ib. 
 
 Baltic [bawl'-tik], battle of the, XII. 221, 1 c. 
 
 Baltic Sea, II. 251. 
 
 Baltimore [bawl'-te-more], county, II. 252. 
 
 Baltimore, city, II. 252. View from Federal 
 hill, 253. General appearance, 1 a. Public 
 buildings, 2 c. Churches, 254,1 ab. Charita¬ 
 ble institutions, 1 be. Education, 1 c. Pea¬ 
 body institute, 255, 1 a. Washington monu¬ 
 ment, 1 b (ill.). Battle monument, ib. Banks, 
 2 a. Insurance companies, 2 b. Government, 
 ib. Water supply, 2 c. Intercommunication, 
 ib. Commerce, 256, 1 a. Productive indus¬ 
 try, 1 c. History, ib. 
 
 Baltimore, Lord: see Calvert, III. 629, 1 c. 
 
 Baltimore Bird, II. 257 (ill.). 
 
 Baltimore clippers , XIV. 857, 2 c. 
 
 Baltimore oriole: see Baltimore Bird. 
 
 Baltzer, Johann Baptist [balt'-ser], German 
 theologian, II. 258. 
 
 Baltzer, Wilhelm Eduard, German clergyman 
 and author, II. 258. 
 
 Balue, Jean de la [duh la ba-lii], French prel¬ 
 ate and statesman, II. 258. 
 
 Baluffi, Gaetano [ba-loof'-fe], Italian prelate, 
 II. 258. 
 
 Baluze, Etienne [ba-liiz], French historian, II. 
 258. 
 
 Balzac, Ilonore de [bal-zak], French novelist, 
 II. 258. Laure de, writer, 259, 2 b. 
 
 Balzac, Jean Louis Guez, seigneur de, French 
 ■writer, II. 259. 
 
 Bambar'ra, district of Africa, II. 260. 
 
 Bamberg [bam'-bairg], town of Germany, II. 
 260. 
 
 Bamboccio [bam-bot'-cho], Dutch painter (Pe¬ 
 ter van Laer), II. 260. 
 
 Bamboo', plant, II. 261 (ill.). Bamboo leaves, 
 flowers, and fruit (ill.), 2 a. 
 
 Bambook', country of Africa, II. 262. 
 
 Bambuk-Kales'si [bam-book'], site of Hierapolis 
 in Phrygia, VIII. 718, 1 a. 
 
 Bambu'sa arundina'cea (botany), II. 261, 1 a. 
 
 Bamby'ce, ancient city, VIII. 718, 1 a. 
 
 Bamff: see Banff. 
 
72 
 
 BAMIAN 
 
 BANK 
 
 Bamian [bam-yan'], valley, pass, and town of 
 Afghanistan, II. 262. 
 
 Bamo : see Biiamo. 
 
 Bampton Lectures, II. 262. 
 
 Bamums [ba'-mooms], race of India, IX. 213, 
 2 c. 
 
 Bamyan : see Bamian. 
 
 Ban, a title, II. 262; V. 493, 2 a. 
 
 Ban, a proclamation, II. 262. Ban and arriere 
 ban, 263, 1 a. See 288, 1 a. 
 
 Banana [ba-na'-na], plant, II. 263 (ill.). Plan¬ 
 tain, 2 c. 
 
 Banana Islands, coast of Africa, II. 264. 
 
 Ban anal', island of Brazil, II. 264. 
 
 Banana shrub , a species of magnolia, XI. 21, 
 1 c. 
 
 Ban'at, district of Hungary, II. 264. 
 
 Ban Bank : see Bank Ban. 
 
 Ban'bury, town of England, II. 264. 
 
 Banca, island of the Malay archipelago, II. 264. 
 
 Bancroft, Aaron, American clergyman, II. 265. 
 
 Bancroft, Edward, English naturalist and 
 physician, II. 265. 
 
 Bancroft, George, American historian and 
 statesman, II. 265; XVI. 192, 2 a. 
 
 j Bancroft, H. H., his work on the native races 
 of the Pacific states, XVI. 204, 1 ab. 
 
 Bancroft, Richard, English prelate, II. 267. 
 
 Banda Islands, in the Moluccas, II. 267. 
 
 Banda Oriental : see Uruguay, and I. 693, 2 c. 
 
 Bandar'ra, Gonzalo Annes, Portuguese im¬ 
 provisator, II. 267. 
 
 Bandel, Joseph Ernst von [ban'-del], German 
 sculptor, II. 267. (Died 1876.) 
 
 Bandel'lo, Matteo, Italian novelist, II. 268. 
 
 Bande'ra, county, II. 268. 
 
 Bandera City , county seat, II. 268, 1 c. 
 
 Bandettini, Teresa [ban-det-te'-ne], Italian 
 poetess, II. 268. 
 
 Ban'dicoot, animal, II. 268. Banded bandi¬ 
 coot, 2 a (ill.)* Long-nosed bandicoot, ib. 
 Chceropus, 2 be. 
 
 Bandiera, Attilio and Emilio [ban-de-a'-ra], 
 Italian patriots, II. 268. 
 
 Bandillero [ban-de-lya'-ro], in bull fighting, 
 III. 426, 1 b. 
 
 Bandinel'li, Baccio, Italian sculptor, II. 269. 
 
 Bandinelli, Rolando, name of Pope Alexander 
 III., I. 279, 1 c. 
 
 Bandoline [ban'-do-lin], quince mucilage, XIV. 
 152, 1 be. 
 
 Ban'don, river of Ireland, II. 269. Town, 1 c. 
 
 Bandonbridge : see Bandon. 
 
 Bandtke, or Bandtkie, Jerzy Samuel [bant'- 
 
 ka, -kya], Polish historian, II. 269. Jan 
 Wincenty, 1 c. 
 
 Banees: see Banyans (Index). 
 
 Baner, Johan [ba'-ner], Swedish general, II. 
 269. 
 
 Banff [bamf], town of Scotland, II. 269. 
 County: see Banffshire. 
 
 Banffshire, county of Scotland, II. 269. 
 
 Bang, or Banj, narcotic drug, II. 269; 798, 
 2 c; VIII. 633, 1 ab. 
 
 Banga , sultan of Bagbirmi’s title, II. 216, 2 a. 
 
 Bangalang', slave factory of, III. 720, 2 c. 
 
 Bangdli [ban-ga'-le], or Bengalee', language, 
 IX. 216, 2 c. Alphabet of, 217, 1 c. Gram¬ 
 mar of, 2 c. 
 
 Bangalore', city of India, II. 269. 
 
 Bangin'gee : see Balanguini. 
 
 Bangkok', capital of Siam, II. 270. 
 
 Bangla : see Fyzabad. 
 
 Ban'gok, city of Maine, II. 270. 
 
 Bangor, city of Wales, II. 271. Town of 
 Ireland, 1 c. 
 
 Bangor , demolition of the monastery of, VI. 
 445, 2 ab. 
 
 Bangs, Nathan, D. D., American clergyman, 
 II. 271. 
 
 Bangwaketse , African tribe, II. 438, 2 b. 
 
 Banialuka [ba-nya-loo'-ka], town of Bosnia, 
 II. 271. 
 
 BanIan [ban'-yan or ban-yan'], tree, II. 271; 
 ill., 272. 
 
 Banians: see Banyans (Index). 
 
 Banias [ba'-ne-as], river, IX. 683, 1 c. 
 
 Ba'nim, John, Irish novelist, II. 272. Michael, 
 novelist, 1 c (died 1874). 
 
 Ban'ister, village of Virginia, II. 272. 
 
 Baniyas [ba-ne'-yas], Indian merchants, IX. 
 213, 2 be; 214, 2 ab. 
 
 Banj : see Bang. 
 
 Banjermas'sin, state of Borneo, II. 272. Chief 
 town, 2 c. 
 
 Ban'jo, musical instrument, II. 272. 
 
 Bank, II. 273. Origin of the name, 1 a. Bank 
 of New Ilium, 1 b ; of Venice, 1 c; of Ge¬ 
 noa, 2 b; of Barcelona, ib. ; of Amsterdam, 
 2 be; of Hamburg, 274, 1 a. Bank of Eng¬ 
 land, ib., ff. Peel’s bank act, 275, 1 b. 
 Statistics of bank of England, 276 (table). 
 Early English banking, 1 ab. Other Eng¬ 
 lish banks, 1 c. Scotch, 2 c. Bank of 
 France, 277, 1 ab. Banks of Belgium, 1 c; 
 of the Netherlands, 2 b; of Austria, 2 be; 
 of Germany, 278, 1 b; of Switzerland, 1 c; 
 of Italy, 2 a. Banking in the United States, 
 
BANK 
 
 BAR 
 
 73 
 
 1 c. Bank of North America, ib. First 
 bank of the United States, 279, 1 c; second, 
 280, 1 be; rechartered by Pennsylvania, 2 
 be; its final suspension, 2 c. State banks, 
 ib. “ Suffolk bank system,” 281, 1 a. Na¬ 
 tional banks, ib .; statistics of, 282, 1 b 
 (table). Banks of Canada, 2 a. Clearing 
 house, 2 be. 
 
 Bank Ban, a Hungarian military governor, 
 II. 283. Dramas upon, 1 c. 
 
 Banker's card , in faro, VII. 89, 2 a. 
 
 Banking: see Bank. 
 
 Banking pins , in the lever escapement of a 
 watch, IV. 702, 1 c. 
 
 Banking system , free, XII. 363, 1 c. 
 
 Bank-note engraving: see Engraving, VI. 
 654, 1 a. 
 
 Bank of America , New York, attempt to de¬ 
 feat the charter of, XV. 793, 2 c. 
 
 Bank of England , II. 274, 1 b. Its origin, 
 X. 768, 2 b; XIII. 165, 2 c. 
 
 Bank of North America , II. 279, 1 ab. 
 
 Bankrupt, II. 283. Bankrupt laws of Eng¬ 
 land, 283, 1 a; of the United States, 284, 
 
 1 c; of France, ib. ; of Holland, 2 a. 
 
 Bankruptcy: see Bankrupt. 
 
 Banks, county, II. 285. 
 
 Banks, John, English dramatist, II. 285. 
 
 Banks, Sir Joseph, English naturalist and trav¬ 
 eller, II. 285. 
 
 Banks, Nathaniel Prentiss, American states¬ 
 man and general, II. 286. 
 
 Banks, Thomas, English sculptor, II. 286. 
 
 Banks and bankers, as mandataries, XI. 99, 
 
 2 b. 
 
 Banksia (botany), II. 286. B. speciosa (ill.), 
 287. 
 
 “ Bank war,” political, on the bank of the 
 United States, IX. 492, 2 c. 
 
 Ban'nacks, Indian tribe, II. 287. 
 
 Banneker, Benjamin, negro mathematician 
 and astronomer, II. 287. 
 
 Banner, VII. 249, 1 b (Flag). 
 
 Banneret, feudal title, II. 287; IV. 497, t a. 
 
 Bannockburn, village of Scotland, II. 278. 
 Battle of, ib. ; III. 352, 1 c. 
 
 Banns of Matrimony, II. 288. 
 
 Baflos del Inca [ba'-nyoce], III. 559, 1 b. 
 
 Banquette [ba ng -ket], of the French diligence, 
 IV. 724, 1 a. 
 
 Ban'quo, Scottish thane, II. 288. 
 
 Bansaroff,\ Dorji [ban-sa'-rof], Mongolian sci¬ 
 entist, III. 455, 1 b. 
 
 Ban'shee, popular superstition, II. 288. 
 
 Banstickle, fish, XV. 384, 1 b (Stickleback). 
 Bantam', province of Java, II. 288. Town, 
 2 b. 
 
 Bantam foivls, IV. 783, 2 c. 
 
 Ban'ting, William, London merchant, II. 288. 
 His plan of diet to reduce corpulence, 289, 
 1 a. 
 
 Bantry Bay, Ireland, II. 289. 
 
 Bantu [ban-too'J, group of African dialects, I. 
 171, 1 c. 
 
 Banyan, tree: see Banian. 
 
 Banyans, Hindoo merchants, IX. 213, 2 be; 
 214, 2 a. 
 
 Banyas: see Banyans (Index). 
 
 Banz [bants], abbey of Bavaria, II. 289. 
 
 Banzo, venomous insect, V. 241, 1 a. 
 
 Ba'obab, tree, II. 289 (ill.). Age of, I. 184, 
 1 a. 
 
 Bapaume [ba-pome], town of France, II. 290. 
 Ba’phia nit’ida (botany), III. 233, 1 c; 671, 
 
 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Baph'omet, knight templar’s symbol, II. 290. 
 Bap'tism, a Christian rite, II. 290. In the 
 Greek and Latin churches, 2 b. In many 
 Protestant denominations, 291, 1 a. Condi¬ 
 tional baptism, ib. As regarded by the 
 Gnostics, VIII. 53, 2 c. Mode of in the 
 Roman Catholic church, XIV. 396, 1 be; in 
 the Greek church at Constantinople, VIII. 
 219, 2 ab ; in the Russian church, ib. ; in 
 Baptist churches, II. 292, 1 ab; in the Lu¬ 
 theran church, X. 732, 1 b. 
 
 Baptism, infant, difficulties in its relation to 
 Protestantism, I. 450, 1 c. 
 
 Baptism of fire, expression applied by Napo¬ 
 leon III. to his son’s first exposure to the 
 enemy’s fire, III. 54, 1 be; 55, 2 be. 
 Bap'tistery, II. 291. Baptistery at Novara, 
 
 2 c (ill.) ; of San Giovanni in Fonte, Rome, 
 X. 183, 2 ab; of Parma, XIII. 121, 2 a; of 
 Pisa, 540, 2 b (ill.); of Florence, VII. 275, 
 2 be. 
 
 Baptists, II. 292. Their distinctive princi¬ 
 ples, 1 a. In Great Britain and her colonies, 
 2 be. On the continent of Europe, 293, 1 ab. 
 In the United States, 1 b. Divisions, 2 a. 
 History, 2 b. Statistics, 294, 1 c. 
 
 Baptists, German, VI. 316, 1 c. German 
 Seventh Day Baptists, 2 b. 
 
 Bar : see Bar-le-Duo, Bar-sur-Aube, and 
 Bar-sur-Seine. 
 
 Bar, town of Russia, II. 294. 
 
 Bar, in court rooms, II. 294. In legislative 
 halls, 2 b. 
 
74 
 
 BAR 
 
 BARBOURSYILLE 
 
 Bar , in heraldry, VIII. 672, 1 c. 
 
 Bar, confederation of II. 294, 2 a; XIII. 647, 
 2 a. 
 
 Bar , de (Mme. Piron), XIII. 540, 1 b. 
 
 Baraba [ba-ra-ba'], steppe of Siberia, II. 294. 
 
 Barabintzi , tribe of Siberia, II. 294, 2 c. 
 
 Barac'ca , meeting place of the carbonari, III. 
 771, 1 c. 
 
 Baeaco'a, town of Cuba, II. 294. 
 
 Barada [ba-ra'-da], river of Syria, II. 295. 
 
 Baradce’us, Jacobus , organizer of the sect of 
 Jacobites, IX. 500, 1 be; XI. 757, 2 be. 
 
 Baradello , tower of the, in Como, V. 170, 2 c. 
 
 Baraga., Frederick, D. D. [ba-ra'-ga], mis¬ 
 sionary bishop, II. 295. 
 
 Baraguey d’Hilliers, Louis [ba-ra-ga de- 
 lya], French general, II. 295. Acliille, 
 marshal of France, 1 c. 
 
 Baean'off, Alexander Andreyevitch, gover¬ 
 nor of Russian America, II. 295. 
 
 Baranoff, Nikolai, Russian deaf-mute painter, 
 II. 295. 
 
 Barante, Amable Guillaume Prosper [ba- 
 ra ng t], baron de Brugiere, French statesman 
 and historian, II. 295. 
 
 Baranya [b or'-on-yaw], county of Hungary, 
 II. 296. 
 
 Barata'ria bay , X. 101, 2 ab. 
 
 Baratarian pirates, X. 101, 2 ab. In the bat¬ 
 tle of New Orleans, IX. 490, 1 a, c. 
 
 Baratier, Johann Philipp [ba-ra-tya], Ger¬ 
 man scholar, II. 296. 
 
 Baratyn'ski, Yevgeni Abramovitch, Russian 
 poet, II. 296. 
 
 Barb, breed of horses, II. 296. Its use in 
 cavalry, IV. 142, 1 c. On the turf, XVI. 
 46, 2 c; 47, 1 b, c, 2 a, b; 48, 2 a. 
 
 Baebadoes [bar-ba'-dozo], island, II. 296; ill., 
 297. 
 
 Barbadoes ley, a form of elephantiasis, VI. 522, 
 2 a. 
 
 Barbadoes tar, XI. 71, 2 a. 
 
 Bar'bara, Saint, II. 297. 
 
 Barba'rea pree'cox (botany), XVI. 501, 2 a. B. 
 vulgaris, XIV. 724, 2 c. 
 
 Barbaeel'li, Giorgio : see Giorgione. 
 
 Baebaros'sa, Arudj, Horush, or Horuk, corsair, 
 II. 297. Khair-ed-Din, 2 c. See I. 305, 2 a. 
 
 Barbarossa, Frederick: see Frederick I., em¬ 
 peror of Germany, VII. 450, 2 c. 
 
 Barbarotjx, Charles Jean Marie [bar-ba-roo], 
 French revolutionist, II. 298. 
 
 Bar'bary: see Baebaey States. 
 
 Barbary antelope , VII. 654, 2 c. 
 
 Barbary ape , X. 767, 1 a (ill.) ; XI. 752, 1 b. 
 
 Barbary gum, X. 519, 2 a. 
 
 Barbary horse : see Barb. 
 
 Barbary States, II. 298 ; I. 169, 2 b. 
 
 Barbas'teo, town of Spain, II. 298. 
 
 Baebauld, Anna Lastitia [bar-bo'], English 
 writer, II. 298; I. 213, 2 c. 
 
 Barbel, fish, II. 298 (ill.). 
 
 Barbela, a name of the Congo, V. 241, 2 b. 
 
 Baebe-Marbois, Francois de, count and mar¬ 
 quis [bar-ba-mar-bwa], French statesman, II. 
 299. 
 
 Bar'ber, Francis, Dr. Johnson’s servant, II. 
 299. 
 
 Barber, Francis, American officer, II. 299. 
 
 Barberini [bar-ba-re'-ne], Italian family, II. 
 299. Maffeo, pope as Urban VIII., 300, 1 a; 
 XVI. 222, 1 ab. Taddeo, prefect of Rome, 
 II. 300, 1 ab. Francesco, cardinal, 1 b. An¬ 
 tonio, cardinal, ib. Barberini library and 
 palace, ib. Enrico, prince of Palestrina, 1 c. 
 
 Barberini or Portland vase, VIII. 8, 1 c (ill., 
 2 b). "Wedgwood’s copies of, XVI. 534, 2 b. 
 
 Barber poet, IX. 568, 2 c. 
 
 Bar'berry, shrub, II. 300 (ill.). Injurious to 
 wheat, VII. 531, 1 c. Use in hedges, VIII. 
 604, 2 c. Leaf of (ill.), X. 266, 2 c. Ferti¬ 
 lization of by insects, IX. 309, 1 c. 
 
 Barbas, Armand [bar-bace], French revolu¬ 
 tionist, II. 301. 
 
 Barbet: see Poodle, XIII. 704, 2 c. 
 
 Barbette [bar-bet'], in fortification, VII. 334, 
 2 ab. 
 
 Barbeyrac, Jean [bar-ba-rak], French jurist, 
 II. 301. 
 
 Barbicels, in feathers, VII. 104, 1 b. 
 
 Barbie du Bocage, Jean Denis [bar-bya du 
 biih-kazh], French geographer, II. 301. 
 
 Barbier, Antoine Alexandre [bar-bya], French 
 bibliographer, II. 301. Edmond Jean Fran¬ 
 cois, jurist, 2 ab. Henri Auguste, poet, 2 b. 
 Paul Jules, dramatist, 2 c. 
 
 Barbieei, Giovanni Francesco [bar-bya'-re]: 
 see Guercino. 
 
 Barbiton, musical instrument, X. 759, 2 c; 
 XVI. 366, 2 c. 
 
 Baebou [bar-boo], family of French printers, 
 II. 301. 
 
 Barbour [bar'-ber], three counties, II. 302. 
 
 Barbour, James, American statesman, II. 302. 
 
 Barbour, John, Scottish poet and historian, 
 II. 302. 
 
 Barboursville, county seats, III. 524, 2 c; X. 
 32, 1 c. 
 
BARBS 
 
 BARKING 
 
 75 
 
 Baris, in feathers, VII. 104, 1 a. 
 
 Bar'lules , in feathers, VII. 104, 1 ah. 
 
 Barlus (ichthyology), II. 298, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Bar'by, town of Prussia, II. 302. 
 
 Barca, country of Africa, II. 302. 
 
 Barca, ancient city of Cyrenaica, II. 303. 
 Barca, or Barcas, Punic epithet, II. 303. 
 Bar'ce: see Barca, city. 
 
 Barcelona [Sp. bar-i5M-lo'-na], province of 
 Spain, II. 303. Capital city, 2 ab (ill.). 
 Bank of, 304, 1 b. Original bank of, 273, 
 2 b. Treaty of, IV. 295, 2 ab. Bombard¬ 
 ment of in 1842, X. 369, 2 c. Capture of 
 by Peterborough, XIII. 354, 2 b. 
 Barcelona, state of Venezuela, II. 304. Capi¬ 
 tal city, 2 be. 
 
 Barchusen [bar'-ffioo-zen]: see Baeckhausen. 
 Baeckhausen, Johann Konrad [bark'-how- 
 zen], German physician and chemist, II. 305. 
 Barclay, Alexander [bark'-le], English poet, 
 II. 305. 
 
 Barclay, John, Scottish anatomist, II. 305. 
 Barclay, John, English Latin author, II. 305. 
 Barclay, or Barclay-Allardice, Robert (Cap¬ 
 tain Barclay), II. 305. 
 
 Barclay, Robert (Barclay of Ury), Scottish 
 Quaker, II. 306. 
 
 Barclay, William, Scottish jurist, II. 306. 
 Barclay, Captain, British naval officer, VI. 
 713, 2 a. 
 
 Barclayan museum, II. 305, 1 c. 
 
 Barclay de Tolly, Michael, prince, Russian 
 general, II. 306. 
 
 Bar-Cokheba [bar-ko- k heh-ba'], Jewish insur¬ 
 gent and impostor, II. 306. Allusions to, I. 
 226, 2 c; IX. 621, 1 c. 
 
 Bard, professional poet, II. 306. 
 
 Bard, John, American physician, II. 307. 
 
 Samuel, physician, 308, 1 a. 
 
 Bardanes, Philippicus [bar-da'-neez], Byzantine 
 emperor, III. 515, 1 b; IX. 728, 2 ab. 
 Bar'das, a Byzantine usurper, II. 308; 361, 
 2 a. 
 
 Bar-Deisan : see Baedesanes. 
 
 Bardesa'nes, Syrian Gnostic, founder of a sect, 
 
 II. 308. 
 
 Bardili, Christoph Gottfried [bar-de'-le], Ger¬ 
 man metaphysical writer, II. 308. 
 
 Bardin, Jean [bar-d& ng ], French painter, II. 
 308. 
 
 Bar dines [bar-dl'-neez]: see Bar ad a. 
 Bardings: see Armor, I. 734, 1 a (barding 
 proper). 
 
 Bardstown, town of Kentucky, II. 308. 
 
 Bardu'li, ancient Greek town, supposed site 
 of, II. 315, 2 a. 
 
 Bare'bone, Praise God, English fanatic, II. 
 
 308. Barebone’s parliament, 2 be; V. 506,1 c. 
 Barefooted Friars and Nuns, II. 308. 
 Bareges [ba-raizh], watering place of France, 
 II. 309. 
 
 Bareille, Jean Francois, abbe [ba-ray’], French 
 theologian, II. 309. 
 
 Bareily [ba-ra'-le], city of India, II. 309. 
 Baeentz, Willem [ba'-rents], Dutch navigator, 
 II. 309. 
 
 Bar^re de Vieuzac, Bertrand [ba-rair duh 
 vyuli-zak], French revolutionist, II. 309. 
 Baeet'ti, Giuseppe, Italian writer, II. 310. 
 
 Bar fish, II. 368, 1 c. 
 
 Bargain and Sale, II. 310. 
 
 Barge [bar'-ja], town of Piedmont, II. 310. 
 Bar'ham, Richard Harris, English humorist, 
 II. 310. 
 
 Bar-Helrce'us : see Abulfaeagius. 
 
 Bari [ba'-re], seaport of Italy, II. 311. 
 
 Bari, negro tribe, II. 311. 
 
 Bari, Terra di, province of Italy, II. 311. 
 Baril'la, II. 311; 5, 2 a; XV. 150, 1 a. 
 Barima [ba-re'-ma], river of South America, 
 II. 311. 
 
 Barinas [ba-re'-nass], (now Zamora), state of 
 Venezuela, II. 312. City, 1 ab. 
 
 Ba'ring, family of, II. 312. See Ashburton, 
 I. 807. Relationship with the Hope family, 
 VIII. 811, 1 c. Thomas Baring on the 
 financial crisis of 1847, XI. 736, 1 ab. 
 Baeing-Gould, Sabine, English clergyman and 
 author, II. 312. 
 
 Baris, negro tribe: see Bari. 
 
 Ba’rium, ancient city: see Bari, Italy. 
 Barium, metal, II. 312. Iodide of, XIII. 760, 
 
 1 c. 
 
 Bark, of trees, II. 313; XIII. 579, 1 c (ills.). 
 Use of in tanning, X. 270, 2 b; 272, 1 b; 
 274, 2 a; 277, 1 a; 278, 1 b. 
 
 Baric, a vessel, XIV. 855, 1 c. 
 
 BarJcantine [bar'-kan-teen], a vessel, XIV. 855, 
 
 2 b. 
 
 Bar'ker, Fordyce, American physician, II. 
 314. 
 
 Barker, Jacob, American financier, II. 314. 
 Barleer, Prof., on the variation of atomic 
 equivalence, II. 89, 1 ab. 
 
 Barleer 1 s mill, VIII. 692, 1 a; XVI. 45, 1 a. 
 Baric extract, X. 272, 2 c. 
 
 Barking, town of England, II. 314. Barking 
 abbey, 2 c. 
 
76 
 
 BARK LOUSE 
 
 BARR 
 
 Baric louse , Harris’s, XIII. 212, 2 ab (Pear). 
 Baric pit, in hotbeds, IX. 8, 2 ab. 
 
 Barl^e'us, Gaspar : see Baeele. 
 
 Bar-le-Duo [bar-luli-duk], town of Prance, 
 
 II. 315 (ill.). 
 
 Baelet'ta, town of Italy, II. 315. Siege of, 
 VIII. 99, 1 be. 
 
 Barletta, Gabriello, Italian preacher, II. 315. 
 Bar'ley, II. 315 (ills.). English barley, 1 ab. 
 Pearl barley, 316, 1 c. Use of in brewing, 
 
 III. 257, 1 b, ff. Wine of, II. 469, 1 c. 
 Barlines , negro tribe, X. 398, 2 b. 
 
 Barlow , Arthur , English navigator, I. 425, 
 
 1 b. 
 
 Barlow, Joel, American poet, II. 316. 
 Barlow, or Barlowe, William, English theolo¬ 
 gian, II. 217. 
 
 Barmecide feast , II. 317, 2 a. 
 
 Bar'mecides, family of Khorasan, II. 317. 
 Barmek , Khaled hen , II. 317, 1 c. 
 
 Barren, town of Germany, II. 317. 
 Barnabas, Epistle of, II. 317. 
 
 Barnabas, Saint, II. 318. 
 
 Barnabites, religious order, II. 318 ; XI. 730, 
 
 2 c. 
 
 Barnacle (zoology), II. 319. Goose barnacles 
 (ill.), id. 
 
 Barnacle goose (ornithology), VIII. 107, 2 a 
 (ill.). 
 
 Bar'nard, Frederick Augustus Porter, LL. D., 
 American scholar and educator, II. 319. 
 Barnard, Henry, LL. D., American scholar 
 and educator, II. 320. 
 
 Barnard, John Gross, American military en¬ 
 gineer, II. 320. 
 
 Barnard, Sir John, English merchant, II. 320. 
 Barnaul [bar-na-ooT], town of Siberia, II. 320. 
 Barnave, Antoine Pierre Joseph Marie [bar- 
 nav], French revolutionist, II. 321. 
 Barnburners , political party, XV. 597, 1 a. 
 Barnegat', village of New Jersey, II. 321. 
 Bay of, 2 b. 
 
 Barnes, Albert [barnz], American theologian, 
 II. 321. 
 
 Barnes , Lady Juliana : see Berners. 
 
 Barnes, Thomas, English journalist, II. 322. 
 Barnes, William, English poet and philologist, 
 II. 322. 
 
 BarnevehVs island : see Oshima. 
 
 Bar'neveldt, Jan van Olden, grand pensionary 
 of Holland, II. 322 ; I. 728, 1 c ; XI. 288, 1 
 c ; XII. 248, 1 b-c. See Aarsens, Frans van. 
 Barney, Joshua, American naval officer, II. 
 322. 
 
 Barni, Jules Romain [bar-ne], French author, 
 II. 323. 
 
 Barnloclc , surname of Magnus I. of Sweden, 
 XV. 508, 2 b. 
 
 Barnsley, town of England, II. 323. 
 
 Barn'stable, county of Massachusetts, II. 323. 
 Town, 2 b. 
 
 Barnstaple, town of England, II. 323. 
 
 Barnum, Phineas Taylor, American showman, 
 II. 323. His engagement of Jenny Lind, X. 
 501, 2 a. 
 
 Barnwell, county, II. 324. 
 
 Barnwell Court House , county seat, II. 324, 2 a. 
 
 Baroach : see Broach. 
 
 Barocci [ba-rot'-che]: see Baroccio. 
 
 Baroccio, Fiori Federigo [ba-rot'-cho], Italian 
 painter, II. 324. 
 
 Baroche, Pierre Jules [ba-riish], French states¬ 
 man, II. 324. 
 
 Baro'da, district of India, II. 324. Capital 
 city, 325, 2 a. State procession at Baroda 
 (ill.), ib. See Guicowar. 
 
 Barolong , African tribe, II. 438, 2 ab. 
 
 Barom'eter, II. 325. Torricelli’s, 326,1 a (ill.). 
 Guericke’s, 1 c. Cistern barometer, 2 ab 
 (ill.). Greene’s, 2 c (ills., 327). Siphon, 327, 
 
 1 a; Gay-Lussac’s, 1 c (ill.); Bunten’s im¬ 
 proved, ib. (ill.). Common index and dial 
 barometer, 2 a (ill.). Filling with mercury, 
 
 2 c. Water barometer, 328, 1 b. Self¬ 
 registering barometers, 1 c. Naval barome¬ 
 ters, 2 c (ill.). Cause of varying atmospheric 
 pressure, 329,1 ab. Boiling-point barometer, 
 1 c. Aneroid, 2 a (ills.). Wheel barometer, 
 invention of, XVI. 735, 2 be. 
 
 Barometrical Measurement, II. 330. Baro¬ 
 metric anomalies, 331, 1 c. 
 
 Barometric pressure , XI. 444, 2 a. 
 
 Baron [ba'-run], title, II. 331. 
 
 Baron and Feme [fem], Norman French law 
 term, II. 332. 
 
 Baronet, title, II. 332. 
 
 Baro'nius, or Baronio, Cesare, Italian his¬ 
 torian, II. 332. 
 
 Barony, in England, II. 332. In Ireland, 2 a. 
 
 Baros'ma crena'ta (botany), III. 385, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Barote [Fr. ba-rut], first name of baryta, II. 
 313, 1 a. 
 
 Barot'se, valley and tribe of Africa, II. 332. 
 
 Barozzio da Vignola : see Vignola. 
 
 Barquisimeto [bar-ke-se-ma/-to], state of Vene¬ 
 zuela, II. 332. Capital city, 333, 1 a. 
 
 Barr, town of Germany, II. 333. 
 
 Barr, kingdom of Africa, II. 333. 
 
BARRA 
 
 BARTAS 
 
 77 
 
 Barra, Africa: see Barr. 
 
 Barraboo ', county seat, XIV. 642, 2 c. 
 
 Barra Islands, Scotland, II. 333. 
 
 Barrackpoor', town of Bengal, II. 333 (ill.). 
 
 Barral, Jean Augustin [bar-ral], French chem¬ 
 ist and physician, II. 334. 
 
 B arras, Paul Francois Jean Nicolas, count de 
 [bar-ra], French revolutionist, II. 334; III. 
 38, 1 be. 
 
 Barratry, in maritime law, II. 334. In 
 criminal law: see Barretry. 
 
 Barray islands : see Barra Islands. 
 
 Barre, Antoine Joseph le Fevre de la [duh la 
 bar], French naval officer, II. 334. 
 
 Bare£, Isaac [bar-ra'], English soldier and 
 statesman, II. 335. 
 
 Barreges : see Bareges. 
 
 Bar'rel, II. 335. How made, 2 b. As a 
 measure of capacity, 2 c. Barrel bulk, 336, 
 1 a. 
 
 Barrelier, Jacques [bar-ruh-lya], French bot¬ 
 anist, II. 336. 
 
 Barrel of a feather, VII. 103, 2 b. 
 
 Barrel of a fowling piece , construction of, 
 VII. 356, 2 a, ff. 
 
 Barrel of a watch , IV. 701, 2 a. 
 
 Barrel or hand organ , XII. 691, 1 b. 
 
 Barren, county, II. 336. 
 
 Barrens , of Barren co., Ky., II. 336, 1 c; IX. 
 798, 1 b; 799, 2 a. 
 
 Barreto, Francisco de [bar-ra'-to], governor 
 of the Portuguese Indies, II. 336. 
 
 Barretor : see Barretry. 
 
 Barretry, in criminal law, II. 336. 
 
 Barrett, Benjamin Fisk, American clergyman 
 and author, II. 336. 
 
 Barrett, George Horton, actor, II. 336. 
 
 Barrett, Col. James: see Concord, V. 206,1 c, ff. 
 
 Barrhead, village of Scotland, II. 337. 
 
 Barrie , county seat, XV. 58, 1 a. 
 
 Barriere d'Enfer [bar-re-air da ng -fair], Paris, 
 IV. 96, 1 c (Catacombs). 
 
 Barrier Reefs, II. 337. 
 
 Barrier treaty , II. 490, 2 c. 
 
 Barrilla [Sp. bar-re'-lya] : see Barilla. 
 
 Barrington, John Shute-Barrington, viscount, 
 English lawyer and author, II. 337. William 
 Wildman, viscount, 1 b. Daines, jurist and 
 naturalist, ib. Samuel, naval officer, 1 c. 
 Shute, prelate, ib. 
 
 Barrington, Sir Jonah, Irish lawyer and au¬ 
 thor, II. 337. 
 
 Barrister, X. 237, 1 b (Lawyer). 
 
 Barron, county, II. 337. 
 
 Barron, James, American naval officer, II. 337. 
 
 Barron, Samuel, naval officer, II. 338. 
 
 Barron, Samuel, naval officer, II. 338. 
 
 Barron’s loch , X. 562, 2 c. 
 
 Barros, Joao de [bar'-roos], Portuguese histo¬ 
 rian, II. 339. 
 
 Barrot, Camille Ilyacinthe Odilon [ba-ro], 
 French advocate and statesman, II. 339. 
 (Died 1873.) Victorin Ferdinand, 2 b. 
 
 Barrow, a mound, II. 339; ills., 340. 
 
 Barrow, river of Ireland, II. 340. 
 
 Barrow, Isaac, English divine and mathema¬ 
 tician, II. 340. 
 
 Barrow, Sir John, English traveller and au¬ 
 thor, II. 340. John, traveller and author, 
 341, 1 a. 
 
 Barrow-in-Furness, town of England, II. 341. 
 
 Barrow Strait, Arctic America, II. 341. 
 
 Barruly , in heraldry, VIII. 673, 1 a. 
 
 Barrundia, Jos6 Francisco [bar-roon'-£Ae-a], 
 Central American statesman, II. 341. 
 
 Barry [bar'-re], two counties, II. 341. 
 
 Barry [bar'-re], in heraldry, VIII. 673, 1 a. 
 See plate (after p. 670), near the bottom on 
 the left. 
 
 Barry, Sir Charles, English architect, II. 341. 
 Edward Middleton, architect, 2 c. 
 
 Barry, Gerald, or Giraldus Cambrensis, Brit¬ 
 ish historian, II. 342. 
 
 Barry, James, Irish painter, II. 342. 
 
 Barry, John, American naval officer, II. 342.’ 
 
 Barry, Marie Jeanne Gomard de Vaubernier, 
 countess du, mistress of Louis XV., II. 342. 
 
 Barry, Martin, English physiologist, II. 343. 
 
 Barry, P ., on budding, III. 404, 1 b. 
 
 Barry-bendy, in heraldry, VIII. 673, 1 a. See 
 plate (after p. 670), near the bottom on the 
 left. 
 
 Barry Cornwall, pseudonyme, XIV. 26, 2 c. 
 
 Bars [borsh], county of Hungary, II. 343. 
 
 Barsao [bar-sak], village of France, II. 343. 
 Wines of, 1 b. 
 
 Bars of the foot (of a horse), VIII. 826, 1 b. 
 
 Barsu'ma, a Nestorian bishop, II. 343. A 
 Syrian archimandrite, 1 c. 
 
 Bar-sur-Aube [bar-sur-obe], town of France, 
 II. 343. 
 
 Bar-sur- Ornain [-sur-or-na ng ]: see Bar-le-Duc. 
 
 Bar-sur-Seine [-siir-sain], town of France, II. 
 343. 
 
 Bart, Jean [bar], French naval officer, II. 343. 
 Frangois, 2 be. Gaspard, ib. 
 
 Bartas, Guillaume de Salluste du [du bar-tas], 
 French poet, II. 343. 
 
78 
 
 BARTFELD 
 
 BASARJIK 
 
 Baetfeld [bart-felt], town of Hungary, II. 343. 
 
 Baeth [bart], town of Prussia, II. 344. 
 
 Baeth, Christian Gottlob, German divine and 
 philanthropist, II. 344. 
 
 Baeth, Heinrich, German explorer, II. 344; 
 532, 2 be. 
 
 Baethelemy, Auguste Marseille [bar-tail-me], 
 French poet, II. 345. 
 
 Baethelemy, Francois, marquis de, diploma¬ 
 tist, II. 345. 
 
 Baethelemy, Jean Jacques, arch geologist and 
 author, II. 346. 
 
 Baethelemy-Saint-Hilaiee, Jules [-sa ng -te- 
 lair], savant, II. 346. 
 
 Barthes: see Baethez. 
 
 Baethez, Paul Joseph [bar-tace], French phy¬ 
 sician, II. 346. Antoine Charles Ernest de, 
 physician, 2 b. 
 
 Baethold, Friedrich Wilhelm [bar'-tolt], Ger¬ 
 man historian, II. 346. 
 
 Baetholdy, Jakob Salomon [bar-tole'-de], 
 Prussian diplomatist, II. 346. 
 
 Baetholin, Kaspar [bar'-to-lin], Danish phy¬ 
 sician and savant, II. 347. Thomas, physi¬ 
 cian, 1 b. 
 
 Bartholin, duct of, XIY. 566, 1 c. 
 
 Bartholi'nus, Erasmus , his discovery of double 
 refraction, X. 441, 2 a. 
 
 Bartholomdus lake [bar-to-lo-ma'-oos], Bava¬ 
 ria, II. 550, 1 c. 
 
 Baethol'omew, county, II. 347. 
 
 Baetholomew, Saint, II. 347. Martyrdom of, 
 2 b ; I. 724, 2 b. 
 
 Baetholomew, Saint, massacre of, II. 347. 
 See Chaeles IX., IY. 287, 2 c; Cathaeine 
 de’ Medici, 114, 2 b ; L’IIOpital, X. 294, 1 a. 
 
 Baetholomew, Yalentine, English painter, II. 
 347. Anne Charlotte, painter and poetess, 
 2 a. 
 
 Baetholomew Bayou, II. 347, 1 c. 
 
 Bartholomew's fair, London, YII. 58, 2 a. 
 
 Baetlett, Elisha, American physician and 
 author, II. 349. 
 
 Baetlett, Ichabod, American lawyer, II. 349. 
 
 Baetlett, John Russell, American author, II. 
 349. 
 
 Baetlett, Joseph, American wit, poet, and 
 adventurer, II. 350. 
 
 Baetlett, Josiah, M. D., American patriot and 
 statesman, II. 350. 
 
 Baetlett, William, one of the founders of 
 Andover theological seminary, II. 350. 
 
 Baetlett, William Henry, English artist and 
 author, II. 350. 
 
 Bartlett oxide, zinc paint, XYI. 826, 2 b. 
 Bae'tol, Cyrus Augustus, American author 
 and clergyman, II. 350. 
 
 Baetoli, Daniele [bar'-to-le], Italian author, 
 II. 351. 
 
 Baetoli, Pietro Santi, Italian engraver, II. 351. 
 Bartoli, Taddeo and Domenico di: see Bae- 
 tolo. 
 
 Baetolini, Lorenzo [bar-to-le'-ne], Italian 
 sculptor, II. 351. 
 
 Bae'tolo, Taddeo di, Italian painter, II. 351. 
 
 Domenico di, painter, 2 b. 
 
 Baetolommeo, Fra [fra bar-to-lom-ma'-o], Ital¬ 
 ian painter, II. 351. 
 
 Baetolozzi, Francesco [bar-to-lot'-se], Italian 
 engraver, II. 352. 
 
 Baeton, two counties, II. 352. 
 
 Baeton, Benjamin Smith, American naturalist, 
 II. 352. William P. C., botanist, 2 a. 
 Baeton, Bernard, English poet, II. 352. Ma¬ 
 ria Hack, 2 b. Lucy, ib. 
 
 Baeton, Elizabeth, the Holy Maid or the Nun 
 of Kent, religious impostor, II. 352. 
 
 Baeton, William, American soldier, II. 352. 
 His capture of the British general Prescott, 
 
 353, 1 a. Released from imprisonment for 
 debt by Lafayette, 1 b. 
 
 Baetow, county, II. 353. 
 
 Baeteam, John, American botanist, II. 353. 
 
 William, botanist and ornithologist, 2 a. 
 Baetsch, Johann Adam Bernhard von, Ger¬ 
 man engraver, II. 353. Friedrich Joseph 
 Adam von, 2 c. 
 
 Baetsch, Karl Friedrich, German philologist, 
 II. 353. 
 
 Baeuch [ba'-ruk], friend of the prophet Jere¬ 
 miah, II. 353. Book of, 354, 1 a. 
 
 Baey, Hendrik [ba-ri'J, Dutch engraver, II. 
 
 354. 
 
 Baeye, Antoine Louis [ba-re], French sculp¬ 
 tor, II. 354. (Died 1875.) 
 
 Baryga’za , ancient city, III. 301, 2 c (Beoach). 
 Baey'ta: see Baeium, II. 313, 1 a. 
 
 Baryta saltpetre, XII. 463, 2 b. 
 
 Baryta salts, II. 313, 2 a. 
 
 Bary’tes : see Baeium, II. 313, 1 a. 
 
 Bas [bas], island of France, II. 354. 
 
 Bas, Bithynian chief, II. 669, 2 a. 
 
 Basalt [ba-sawlt'], rock, II. 354. Transition 
 from the vitreous to the stony texture, XYI. 
 513, 2 c; 514, 1 a. 
 
 Ba’sanite: see Lydian Stone. 
 
 Basae'jik (properly Bazarjik), name of towns 
 in European Turkey, II. 354. 
 
BAS 
 
 BASS 
 
 79 
 
 “ Bas Bleu, The ” [ba bluh], poem, II. 759, 
 2 c (Blue Stockings). 
 
 Bas Breton language [ba briih-to ng ], IV. 177, 
 1 b, 2 a. 
 
 Bas-chevaliers [ba-shev-a-leers'; Fr. shiih-va- 
 lyU], IV. 497, 1 a (Chivalry). 
 
 Baschi, Matteo [bas'-ke], founder of the Capu¬ 
 chins, II. 355; III. 763, 1 b. 
 
 Bas'com, Henry Bidleman, D. D., LL. D., Amer¬ 
 ican bishop, II. 355. 
 
 Bascom, John, American scholar and author, 
 II. 355. 
 
 Base, in chemistry, II. 355 ; XII. 474, 2 c; 
 XIV.. 582, 1 be. 
 
 Base , in painting, XII. 804, 2 b. 
 
 Base Ball, game, II. 355 ; ill., 356. 
 
 Basedow, Johann Bernhard [ba'-zeh-do], Ger¬ 
 man reformer of education, II. 356. 
 Basedow's disease , VIII. 566, 2 b. 
 
 Base drum , VI. 271, 2 ab. 
 
 Basel [ba'-zel], canton of Switzerland, II. 357. 
 City, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Basel, Council of, II. 358. On the immacu¬ 
 late conception, IX. 195, 1 c. On the 
 eucharist, X. 638, 2 b. Action on monasti- 
 cism, XI. 730, 2 ab. 
 
 Basel, peace of, in 1795, XV. 213, 1 be; in 
 1499, 530, 1 c. 
 
 Basement membrane, in anatomical structure, 
 
 I. 462, 2 c. 
 
 Base metals , among alchemists, I. 335, 1 b. 
 Bases, in chemistry, XII. 767, 2 c. 
 
 Baseyi, George [bas'-e-ve], English architect, 
 
 II. 359. 
 
 Bas-fond [Fr. ba-fo ng ], part of the bladder, II. 
 686, 1 c, 2 ab. 
 
 Ba'shan, Palestine, II. 359. Cities of, 2 c. 
 Bashaw' : see Pasha. 
 
 Bash'kirs, Russian tribes, II. 360 (ill.). 
 Bashkurts [bash'-koorts]: see Bashkirs. 
 Bashmuric version of the Scriptures, V. 333, 
 1 a and b (Copts). 
 
 Basic oxides, in chemistry, XII. 767, 2 c. 
 
 Basil [baz'-il], plant, II. 360. Sweet basil 
 (ill.), 361. 
 
 Ba'sil, Bulgarian monk, II. 361. 
 
 Basil I., the Macedonian, emperor of the East, 
 II. 361. Basil II., 2 c. 
 
 Basil the Great, saint, II. 362; XI. 729, 1 c. 
 Basilan [ba-se-lan'], island of the Malay archi¬ 
 pelago, II. 362. 
 
 BasiVia, or Basiliana, ancient name of Basel, 
 II. 357, 2 c. 
 
 Basilian Monks, II. 363. 
 
 Basilian’a: see Basilia (Index). 
 
 Basil'ica, public building, II. 363. Basilica 
 Julia, 2 a. See Rome, XIV. 411, 1 a. Lat- 
 eran basilica, X. 183, 1 b. 
 
 Basilica, the, Romano-Greek code, IV. 625, 
 
 1 a; III. 515, 2 c. 
 
 Basilican Constitutions , II. 361, 2 be. Sea 
 Basilica (Index). 
 
 Basilicata [ba-ze-le-ka'-ta], province of Italy, 
 II. 363. 
 
 Basilicon Boron, of James I., alluded to, IX. 
 517, 1 ab. 
 
 “ Basilicsf the, X. 351, 1 b. See Basilica 
 (Index). 
 
 Basilides [ba-sil'-e-deez], founder of a Gnostic 
 sect, II. 363. 
 
 Basilidians, Gnostic sect, their principles, II. 
 363, 2 c. 
 
 Basilid’ian stones, I. 32, 2 c (Abraxas). 
 Basilis'cus, emperor of the East, II. 364. 
 Basiliscus (zoology), II. 364, 2 a. B. mitratus, 
 
 2 c (ill.). B. vittatus, ib. 
 
 Basilisk [baz'-e-lisk], saurian reptile, II. 364 
 (ill.). 
 
 Basil’ius: see Basil. 
 
 Basilosau'rus : see Zeuglodon. 
 
 Basil Valentine, German chemist, IV. 358, 2 b. 
 Basin, in distinction from dock, VI. 166, 1 a. 
 Bas'kerville, John, English printer, II. 365. 
 Basket, II. 365. Wicker boats, 1 c. Water¬ 
 tight baskets, 2 a. Uses of wickerwork, 
 2 ab. Basket making, 2 b. Splint baskets, 
 366, 1 b. 
 
 BasTcet willow, II. 366, 1 b. See Osier. 
 
 Basle [bal]: see Basel. 
 
 Basnage de Be auval, Jacques [ba-nazh duhbo- 
 val], French author and diplomatist, II. 366. 
 Basque Provinces : see Basques. 
 
 Basques [basks], II. 366 (ill.). Their character 
 and condition, 1 a. Political constitution, 
 1 c. History, 367, 1 a. Language, 1 b. 
 Basra: see Bassoraii. 
 
 Bas-Riiin [ba-ra ng ], former department of 
 France, II. 367. 
 
 Bass [bas], fish, II. 367. European bass, 2 c 
 (ill.). Sea bass, 368, 1 a. Striped bass, 
 1 ab (ill.). Bar fish, 2 c. Ruddy and little 
 white bass, ib. Black bass of the lakes, 2 a 
 (ill.). Oswego bass, 2 b. White bass, 2 o. 
 Grass bass, ib. Rock bass, 369, 1 ab (ill.). 
 Growler, 1 c. 
 
 Bass, tree: see Linden. 
 
 Bass, in plants : see Bast. 
 
 Bass [base], in music, XII. 75, 2 a; 84, 2 o. 
 
80 
 
 BASS 
 
 BATEA 
 
 Bass, George A., English navigator, II. 369. 
 
 Bassan : see Bassano, painters. 
 
 Bassano [bas-sa'-no], town of Italy, II. 369 
 (ill.). 
 
 Bassano, family of Italian painters, II. 370. 
 Francesco da Ponte, 1 b. Giacomo da Ponte 
 (II Bassano), ib. Francesco, ib. 
 
 Bassano, Hugues Bernard Maret, duke of, 
 French statesman, II. 370. Napoleon Joseph 
 Hugues Maret, duke of, 2 c. Eugene de 
 Bassano, prince, ib. 
 
 Bassans , the: see Bassano, painter. 
 
 Bas'santin, James, Scottish astronomer and 
 mathematician, II. 370. 
 
 Bassantoun : see Bassantin. 
 
 Bassanville, Anais Lebrun de, countess [dhh 
 bas-sa ng -veel], French writer, II. 371. 
 
 Bas'saris astu'ta (zoology), IV. 617, 2 be (ill.). 
 
 Bassas , negro tribe, X. 398, 2 be. 
 
 Bass baric, X. 502, 1 c. See Bast. 
 
 Bassein [bas-sain'], town of Pegu, II. 371. Of 
 Bombay, 2 b. 
 
 Basselin, Olivier [bas-la ng ], French poet, II. 371. 
 
 Basses-Alpes [bas-alp], department of France, 
 
 II. 371. 
 
 Basses-Pyrexees [-pe-ra-na], department of 
 France, II. 371. Wine of, VII. 411, 2 c. 
 
 Basse-Terre [-tair], chief town of St. Christo¬ 
 pher, West Indies, II. 371. Of Guadeloupe, 
 2 b. 
 
 Basseville : see Bassville. 
 
 Bassi, Laura Maria Catarina [bas'-se], Italian 
 scholar, II. 371. 
 
 Bassia (botany), III. 501, 2 be. B. butyracea, 
 2 c. B. longifolia, ib. B. latifolia, 502, 1 a. 
 B. Parkii, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Bassompierre, Francois, baron de [bas-so ng - 
 pyair], French courtier, II. 371. 
 
 Bassoon', musical instrument, II. 372. 
 
 Bas'sorah, town of Asiatic Turkey, II. 372. 
 
 Basso rilievo [bas'-so re-lya'-vo], XIV. 715,1 c. 
 
 Bassorine [bas'-so-rin], VIII. 320, 1 b. 
 
 Bass relief [base re-leef'; Fr. bas relief ba ruh- 
 lyef]: see Basso rilievo (Index). 
 
 Bass Rook, Scotland, II. 372. 
 
 Bass Strait, Australasia, II. 372. 
 
 Bassu'tos, African tribe, II. 372 ; 438, 2 a. 
 
 Bassville, Nicolas Jean Hugon or Husson de 
 [bas-veel], French writer and diplomatist, 
 II. 372. 
 
 Basswood: see Linden, X. 502, 1 a. Origin 
 of the name, II. 373, 2 a. 
 
 Bast, inner bark, II. 372. Uses of, 373, 1 c; 
 X. 502, 2 a. 
 
 Bast, or Pasht, Egyptian deity, XII. 116, 2 a. 
 
 Bas'tah , Moorish name of Baza, II. 410, 2 c. 
 
 Bastan Zubi [bas-tan' thoo'-be], river, II. 624, 
 2 b (Bidassoa). 
 
 Bas'tard, illegitimate child, II. 373. 
 
 Bastard of Orleans , VI. 318, 2 a. 
 
 Bastard wing , VII. 105, 2 c (Feathers). 
 
 Bast cells, of the bark of plants, II. 372, 2 c; 
 XIII. 579, 1 a. 
 
 Bast fibres, of the bark of plants, XIII. 579, 
 1 a. 
 
 Bas'ti , ancient town : see Baza. 
 
 Bastia [bas-te'-a], town of Corsica, II. 374 
 (iH.). 
 
 Bastian, Adolph [bas'-te-an], German travel¬ 
 ler, II. 374. 
 
 Bastian, H. Charlton [bSs'-chun], English 
 physician, II. 374. On spontaneous genera¬ 
 tion, VI. 560, 2 be. 
 
 Bastiana, mediaeval name of Baza, II. 410, 2 c. 
 
 Bastiat, Frederic [bas-te-a], French econo¬ 
 mist, II. 375; XIII. 678, 1 b. 
 
 Bastide, Jules [bas-teed], French publicist and 
 politician, II. 375. 
 
 Bastides, free towns, X. 401, 2 c. 
 
 Bastile [bas-teel'], prison and citadel of Paris, 
 II. 375 (ill.). Erection of, IV. 285, 2 c. 
 
 Bastille [Fr. bas-teey’]: see Bastile. 
 
 Bas'tion : see Fortification, VII. 330, 1 b, 
 ff.(bastioned system). 
 
 Bast mats, X. 502, 2 a. 
 
 Bastrop, county, II. 376. 
 
 Bastrop, county seats, II. 376, 2 a; XI. 824, 2 a. 
 
 Bast tree, X. 502, 1 a. 
 
 Basyle [bas'-il], XIV. 582, 1 c (Salts). 
 
 Bat, II. 376. Common bat (ill.), 2 b. Long¬ 
 eared bat, 377, 2 b (ill.). Vampire bat, 378, 
 1 c (ill.). Flying fox or roussette, 2 c (ill.). 
 Bats of North America, 379, 1 a. 
 
 Batak', a race of Sumatra, II. 379; XI. 56, 
 1 be. Their currency, II. 545, 2 ab. 
 
 Batan^'a : see Bashan, II. 359, 2 ab. 
 
 Batan'gas, province of Luzon, II. 379. Capi¬ 
 tal town, 2 c. 
 
 Batatas [ba-ta'-tas]: see Potato, and Yam. 
 
 Batatas edulis (botany), XIII. 767, 2 a. 
 
 Batava Castra : see Passau. 
 
 Bata'vi, ancient tribe, II. 379 ; XII. 246, 2 a. 
 
 Batavia, city of Java, II. 380 (ill.). 
 
 Batavia, village of New York, II. 381. 
 
 Batavian Republic, II. 381; XII. 249, 1 be. 
 
 Batchian', island (Moluccas), II. 381. 
 
 Bate , in tanning, X. 274, 1 b. 
 
 Batea [ba-ta'-a], in gold mining, VIII. 82, 2 a. 
 
BATEMAN 
 
 BATTING 
 
 81 
 
 Bate'man, Kate Josephine, American actress, 
 II. 381. 
 
 Batenian sect , Moslem offshoot, VI. 272, 2 b 
 (Druses). 
 
 Batenites : see Assassins. 
 
 Bates, county, II. 381. 
 
 Bates, Barnabas, American promoter of cheap 
 postage, II. 381. 
 
 Bates, Edward, LL. D., American statesman 
 and jurist, II. 381. 
 
 Bates, Joshua, English hanker, II. 381. 
 
 Bates college , Lewiston, Me., X. 388, 2 ab (ill.). 
 
 Batesville , county seat, IX. 198, 2 c. 
 
 Bath, for washing the body, II. 382. Boman 
 baths, 1 c, 383, 2 b. Public bath at Pom¬ 
 peii, 382, 1 c; plan of, 2 a. Prigidarium, 
 2 b (ill.). Apodyterium, 383, 1 a (ill.). Te- 
 pidarium, 1 c (ill.). Baths of Titus, 383, 
 2 a (ilk). Plan of baths of Caracalla, 2 c. 
 Turkish bath, 384, 1 b (ill.). Mexican steam 
 bath, 385, 1 a (ill.). Japanese bath, 1 ab 
 (ill.). Hygiene of bathing, 385, 1 c. 
 
 Bath , for electroplating, VII. 600, 1 b ; simple 
 (ill.), 2 b; compound (ill.), 601, 1 a. 
 
 Bath, county, II. 387. 
 
 Bath, city of Maine, II. 387. 
 
 Bath, township and village of New York, II. 
 
 388. 
 
 Bath, Virginia: see Berkeley Springs. 
 
 Bath, city of England, II. 388 (ill.). See 
 Nash, Richard, XII. 149, 2 c. 
 
 Bath, Earl of : see Pulteney, William. 
 
 Bath, Knights of the, II. 388. 
 
 Bath Court House : see Warm Springs. 
 
 Bathil'da , trade in French children suppressed 
 by, VII. 58, 1 b. 
 
 Bathing: see Bath. 
 
 Bath metal, III. 213, 2 a. 
 
 Bathom'eter, Morse’s, XI. 850, 2 b. Perkins’s, 
 XIII. 306, 2 be. Siemens’s, XV. 31, 1 c. 
 
 Bathori, or Bathory [ba'-to-re], family of, 
 II. 389. Stephen (three), Hungarian com¬ 
 mander, waywode of Transylvania, and king 
 of Poland, 1 c. Christopher, prince of Tran¬ 
 sylvania, 2 a. Sigismund, prince, ib. Ga¬ 
 briel, prince, 2 b. Elizabeth, countess, noto¬ 
 rious for her cruelty, 2 be. 
 
 BATn'uRST, town of New Brunswick, II. 389. 
 
 Bathurst, county of New South Wales, II. 
 
 389. Town, 390, 1 a. 
 
 Bathurst, settlement in Africa, II. 390. 
 
 Bathurst, old English family, II. 390. Ralph, 
 dean of Wells, 1 c. Allen, first Earl Bath¬ 
 urst, 2 a. Henry, chief justice, 2 b. Henry, 
 6 
 
 bishop of Norwich, ib. Henry, second Earl 
 Bathurst, 2 c. 
 
 Bathurst, Sir Benjamin, allusion to, II. 390, 2 a. 
 Bathurst Inlet, Arctic ocean, II. 390. 
 Bathyanyi : see Batthyanyi. 
 
 Bathyb'ius, low form of protozoa, II. 390. 
 
 See Protoplasm, XIV. 35, 2 b. 
 
 Bathyl'lus of Alexandria, pantomime, II. 
 391; 243, 2 b. 
 
 Batjan [bat-yan'J: see Batciiian. 
 
 Batlapi, African tribe, II. 438, 2 ab. 
 
 Batoana, African tribe, II. 438, 2 b. 
 
 Bato'ka, African tribe, II. 391. 
 
 Baton and riband , in heraldry, VIII. 672, 1 c. 
 See plate (after p. 670), at the middle on the 
 left. 
 
 Batoni, Pompeo Girolamo [ba-to'-ne], Italian 
 painter, II. 391. 
 
 Baton Rouge [bat'-un roozh], city of Louisi¬ 
 ana, II. 391. 
 
 Baton Rouge, East and West: see East Baton 
 Rouge, and West Baton Rouge. 
 Batrachians [ba-tra'-ke-ans], in zoology: see 
 Amphibia, Herpetology, Reptiles, Frog, 
 and Toad. 
 
 Batrachomyoma'chia, Homeric poem, VIII. 
 778, 2 c. 
 
 Batracho-spermum monilifor'me (botany), VII. 
 248, 2 a. 
 
 Batra'chus (ichthyology), XV. 779, 1 c. B. 
 
 grunniens, 2 a. B. tau, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Batshian : see Batciiian. 
 
 Batsman, in the game of cricket, V. 482, 2 ab. 
 Batta : see Batak. 
 
 Batta, soldier’s allowance in India, II. 539,1 c. 
 Battement [bat-ma ng ], in fencing, VII. 121, 1 c. 
 Batten, in weaving, XVI. 523, 2 a. 
 
 Batteries, floating iron-clad, XII. 187, 1 be. 
 
 Russian, IX. 387, 2 (ills.). 
 
 Battering Ram, II. 391 (ill.). 
 
 Bat'tersea, suburb of London, II. 392. 
 Battery, in law, II. 392. 
 
 Battery, of artillery, I. 788, 1 c, 2 a; 797, 2 a. 
 Battery, in sugar making, XV. 446, 1 b. 
 Battery, a public park in New York, XII. 379, 
 2 c. Origin of the name, X. 330, 2 ab. 
 Battery, Galvanic: see Galvanism. 
 
 Battery, Stevens’s, IX. 377, 2 b. 
 
 Batteux, Charles [ba-tuh], French writer on. 
 aesthetics, II. 393. 
 
 Batthyanyi, Kazmer (Casimir), [bot'-yan-ye], 
 Hungarian statesman, II. 393. Lajos (Louis), 
 1 c; IX. 59, 2 b; 61, 1 c. 
 
 Batting, of cotton, V. 413, 2 a. 
 
S2 
 
 BATTLE 
 
 BAYADEER 
 
 Battle, town of England, II. 393. 
 
 Battle , trial by, IV. 248, 2 b. Introduction into 
 England, 2 c; continuance there, 249, 1 a. 
 
 Battle Axe, military weapon, II. 393. 
 
 Battle Creek, city of Michigan, II. 394. 
 
 Battledoor, in glass making, VIII. 15, 1 c. 
 
 Battle of the giants , VII. 416, 2 b; XI. 370, 
 1 b (Melegnano). 
 
 “ Battle of the Kegsf ballad, origin of, III. 484, 
 1 c. 
 
 Battle of the spurs (at Guinegate), II. 406, 1 c. 
 
 Battle of the thirty , II. 427, 2 c. 
 
 Battu [bat-too'], cultivated amaranthus, VIII. 
 336, 2 a. See I. 377, 1 a (Amaranth). 
 
 Batture , the , of New Orleans, X. 546, 2 c. 
 
 Bath Iaiian [ba-too' kan], Mongol conqueror, 
 II. 394. 
 
 Batuta, Ibn [ba-too'-ta], Moorish traveller 
 and theologian, II. 394. 
 
 Batyushkoff, Constantin Nikolayevitcli [bat'- 
 yoosh-kof], Russian poet, II. 394. 
 
 Batz [bas], island: see Bas. 
 
 Bau [bow], tree, VII. 110, 1 b. 
 
 Baucher, Francis [bo-sha], French teacher of 
 horsemanship, II. 394. 
 
 Bau'cis, mythical, II. 394. 
 
 Baudelocque, Jean Louis [bode-luk], French 
 surgeon, II. 394. 
 
 Baudens, Jean Baptiste Lucien [bo-da ng ce], 
 French surgeon, II. 394. 
 
 Baudin, Nicolas [bo-da ng ], French naturalist, 
 II. 395. 
 
 Baudin des Ardennes, Charles [da zar-den], 
 French naval officer, II. 395. 
 
 Baudouin [bo-dwa ng ]: see Baldwin, III. 238,1 a. 
 
 Baudrais, Jean [bo-dra], French author, II. 395. 
 
 Baudrillart, Henri Joseph Leon [bo-dre-yar], 
 French economist, II. 395. 
 
 Bauer, Anton [bow'-er], German jurist, II. 395. 
 
 Bauer, Bernard, abb6 [bo-air], French priest, 
 II. 395. 
 
 Bauer, Bruno, German critic and theologian, 
 II. 396. Edgar, 2 a. 
 
 Bauer , Georg: see Agricola, Georg. 
 
 Bauer, Georg Lorenz, German theologian, II. 
 396. 
 
 Bauge [bo-zlia], town of France, II. 396. 
 
 Bauhin, Jean [bo-a ng ], French physician and 
 naturalist, II. 397; III. 131, 2 b; 132, 1 c. 
 
 Baumannshohle [bow'-mans-ho-leh], cave in 
 the Hartz, II. 397. 
 
 Baumberg , Gabriele [bowm'-bairg], wife of 
 Bacsyanyi, II. 207, 2 b. 
 
 BaumIs, Antoine [bo-ma], French apothecary 
 
 and chemist, II. 397. His hydrometer, IX. 
 124, 2 ab (ill.). 
 
 Baumgarten, Alexander Gottlieb [bowm'-gar- 
 ten], German author, II. 397. 
 
 Baumgarten, Michael, German theologian, II. 
 397. 
 
 Baumgarten, Sigmund Jakob, German theolo¬ 
 gian, II. 397. 
 
 Baumgarten-Crusius, Detlev Karl Wilhelm 
 [-kroo'-ze-oos], German philologist, II. 397. 
 Ludwig Friedrich Otto, theologian, 2 c. 
 Baumgartner, Andreas von, baron, Austrian 
 statesman and savant, II. 398. 
 Baumgartner, Gallus Jakob, Swiss politician 
 and historian, II. 398. 
 
 Baumgartner, Karl Heinrich [bowm'-gairt- 
 ner], German physiologist, II. 398. 
 Baumian: see Bamian. 
 
 Baur, Ferdinand Christian [bowr], German 
 theologian, II. 398. 
 
 Bausset, Louis Francois de [bo-sa], French 
 cardinal, II. 399. 
 
 Bautain, Louis Eugene Marie [bo-ta ng ], French 
 philosopher and theologian, II. 399. 
 Bautzen [bowt'-sen], town of Saxony, II. 399. 
 Battle of, 1 c. 
 
 Bauxite [bo'-zite]: see Alumina, I. 366, 2 b; 
 
 also Alum, I. 365, 2 b; Aluminum, 368, 1 c, 
 Bavai : see Bavay. 
 
 Bava'ria, kingdom of Germany, II. 399. Pop¬ 
 ulation and divisions, 1 b. Religion and reli¬ 
 gious denominations, 2 be, and 401, 1 c. 
 Physical features, 400, 1 a. Climate, 1 c. 
 Soil and agriculture, 2 a. Industry, 2 b. 
 Intercommunication, 2 c. Education, 401, 
 1 ab. Constitution and government, 2 a. 
 History, 2 c. 
 
 Bavarian beer , II. 400, 2 b; III. 261, 2 b. 
 Bavay [ba-va], town of France, II. 403. 
 Ba’viad , satirical poem, VII. 804, 1 b. 
 
 Bawian [ba-w 7 e-an'], island, II. 403. 
 
 Bawr, Alexandrine Sophie Coury de Champ- 
 grand, baroness de [duh bowr], French au¬ 
 thoress, II. 403. 
 
 Baxter , electrician, I. 519, 1 a and b. 
 
 Bax'ter, Andrew, Scottish metaphysician, II. 
 403 ; XIII. 445, 2 a. 
 
 Baxter, Richard, English clergyman, II. 403. 
 Baxter, William, English philologist and ar¬ 
 chaeologist, II. 404. 
 
 Bay, county, II. 404. 
 
 Bay, tree, X. 208, 2 a. 
 
 Ba'yadeer, dancing and singing girl of India. 
 II. 404; ill., 405. 
 
BAYAGOULAS 
 
 BEAM 
 
 83 
 
 Bayagoulas [bl-a-goo'-las], Indian tribe, II. 
 405. 
 
 Bayamo [ba-ya'-mo], town of Cuba, II. 405. 
 Bayard , fabulous war horse, I. 215, 1 c. 
 Bayard, Janies Asheton [bl'-ard], American 
 lawyer and statesman, II. 405. Nicholas, 
 Huguenot immigrant, 2 b. Richard Bassett, 
 senator, 2 c. James Asheton, senator, ib. 
 Thomas Francis, senator, ib. 
 
 Bayard, Jean Francois Alfred [ba-yar], French 
 dramatist, II. 405. 
 
 Bayard, Pierre du Terrail, chevalier de, French 
 knight, II. 406. 
 
 Bayazid [ba-ya-zeed']: see Bajazid. 
 Bay'berry, or Wax Myrtle, shrub, II. 406; ill., 
 
 407. 
 
 Bayberry (pimento), I. 337, 1 c. 
 
 Bayberry tallow , XVI. 516, 1 ab. 
 
 Bay City, city of Michigan, II. 407. 
 
 Bayer, Johann [bi'-er], German astronomer, 
 II. 407. Gottlieb Siegfried, philologist and 
 archaeologist, 2 b. 
 
 Bayern [bl'-ern], German name of Bavaria, 
 derivation of, II. 401, 2 c. 
 
 Bayeux [ba-yuh], town of France, II. 407. 
 Bayetjx Tapestry, II. 407. 
 
 Bayfield, county, II. 408. 
 
 Bay Islands: see Bonacca, and VIII. 787, 2 a. 
 Bayle, Pierre [bail], French philosophical wri¬ 
 ter, II. 408. 
 
 Bay leaves , for flavoring, X. 208, 2 c. 
 
 Baylen [bl-lain'], town of Spain, II. 408. 
 Capitulation of, ib. ; I. 323, 2 a; IV. 68, 
 1 b; VI. 323, 2 a. 
 
 Bay'ley, James Roosevelt, American arch¬ 
 bishop (died 1877), II. 408. 
 
 Bayley, Richard, American physician, II. 
 
 408. 
 
 Baylor, county, II. 409. 
 
 Bayly, Thomas Haynes, English poet and 
 dramatist, II. 409. 
 
 Bayne, Peter, Scottish author and critic, II. 
 
 409. 
 
 Bay'onet, weapon, II. 409. Trowel or spade 
 bayonet, 2 c. Introduction of, I. 735, 2 c; 
 XII. 98, 2 c. First forms (ill.), 99, 1 a. Old 
 Prussian and French forms (ill.), 1 c. Old 
 English form (ill.), 100, 1 a. Use of in bat¬ 
 tle, VII. 121, 2 c. 
 
 Bayonne [ba-yiin], city of France, II. 409 ; 
 view, 410. 
 
 Bayou Sara [bl'-oo sa'-ra], village of Louisi¬ 
 ana, II. 410. 
 
 Bayreuth : see Baireuth. 
 
 Bayrhoffer, Karl Theodor [bire'-liuf-fer], Ger¬ 
 man philosopher and politician, II. 410. 
 
 Bay rum , XII. 112, 2 c (Myrtle). 
 
 Bays and gulfs, a state’s jurisdiction over them, 
 X. 224, 2 b. 
 
 Baza [ba'-tha], town of Spain, II. 410. Springs 
 of, 411, 1 a. 
 
 Ba'za (ornithology), X. 19, 2 c. 
 
 Bazaine, Francois Achille [ba-zain], French 
 general, II. 411. His surrender of Metz, 
 2 a; XI. 463, 1 a. His trial, XI. 463, 1 b ; 
 X. 800, 1 be. His escape from prison, X. 
 365, 1 a. 
 
 Bazalgette', Joseph William, English civil 
 engineer, 11.411. 
 
 Bazancourt, Cesar de, baron [ba-za ng -koor], 
 French author, II. 411. 
 
 Bazard, Amand [ba-zar], French carbonarist 
 and St. Simonian, II. 411. 
 
 Bazarjik: see Basarjik (Index). 
 
 Bazeegharnee , Indian dancing girl, II. 405, 1 a. 
 
 Bazeilles [ba-zay’], village of France, II. 412. 
 
 Bazin, Antoine Pierre Ernest [ba-za ng ], French 
 physician, II. 412. Antoine Pierre Louis, 
 philologist, 1 b. 
 
 Bdellium [del'-le-um], gum resin, II. 412. 
 
 Beach, Moses Yale, American mechanic and 
 editor, II. 412. 
 
 Beach mining (of gold), VIII. 83, 2 a. 
 
 Beacon , to warn of danger, X. 457, 2 c. 
 
 Beacon hill, Boston, III. 116, 1 b. 
 
 Beacon hill, on' the Hudson, IX. 30, 1 a. 
 
 Beaconsfield [bek'-uns-feeld], town of Eng¬ 
 land, II. 412. Viscountess Beaconsfield, 1 a. 
 (Benjamin Disraeli made Earl Beaconsfield 
 in 1876.) 
 
 Bead, ornament, II. 412. Beads used as cur¬ 
 rency, 2 b; in rosaries, ib. See Saint Guth- 
 bertfs beads (Index). 
 
 Beadsmen, VI. 763, 1 c (Eton). 
 
 Bead tree : see Pride of India. 
 
 Beagle, hound, II. 413 (ill.). 
 
 Beal, or Bal (= Baal), Irish deity, II. 178, 2 a. 
 
 Beale, Lionel S., English physiologist, II. 413. 
 On fermentation, VII. 142, 2 be; develop¬ 
 ment of the yeast plant, 146, 1 b; of the 
 poisonous matter in deceased animals, 144, 
 
 1 be. 
 
 Beale, Mary, English artist, II. 413. 
 
 Beam, in architecture, II. 413. Iron beams, 
 
 2 b. Best construction of, 414, 2 a. Solid- 
 rolled, 2 c. Sustaining power, 415, 2 c; rule 
 for, 416,1 a. Straining beam, XIV. 421,1 c. 
 
 Beam of a deer's horn, V. 756, 2 b. 
 
84 
 
 BEAMS 
 
 BEAUJEU 
 
 Beams of a loom , XVI. 523, 1 b. Beaming, 
 
 1 c. 
 
 Bean, plant, II. 416 (ill.). Growth of de¬ 
 scribed, XIII. 575, 1 a; 576, 1 a. 
 
 Bean dolphin, I. 583, 1 b (Aphis). 
 
 Bean Goose: see Goose, VIII. 105, 1 be. 
 Bean trefoil , a European name of the labur¬ 
 num, X. 75, 1 a. 
 
 Bear, animal, II. 417. Polar bear, 1 c (ill.). 
 Grisly bear, 2 c (ill., 418). (See III. 606, 
 
 2 b.) Cave bear, 1 a. (See 397, 1 b, and 
 III. 63, 2 a, b.) European brown bear, 2 a. 
 American black bear, ib. (ill.). Cinnamon 
 bear, 419, 1 a (ill., 418). Asiatic or sloth 
 bear, 1 ab (ill.). Syrian bear, 1 c (ill.). Si¬ 
 berian bear, 2 a. Spectacled bear, 2 ab (ill.). 
 Thibetan or Isabel bear, 2 c. Malayan sun 
 bear, ib. (ill., 420). Bornean bear, ib. No 
 bears in Africa, 420, 1 b. Bear baiting, 1 be. 
 Bear skins, VII. 539, 1 c. 
 
 Bear, Great and Lesser, constellations, II. 420. 
 Bear and bull , terms of the stock exchange, 
 XV. 388, 1 c. 
 
 Bear baiting , II. 420, 1 c. 
 
 Beard, hair of the face, II. 420. 
 
 Beard, James II., American painter, II. 421. 
 
 William H., painter, 2 c. 
 
 Beard grass , X. 337, 1 c. 
 
 Beardstown , county seat, IV. 59, 1 b. 
 
 Bearing of wheel , XVI. 592, 2 b. 
 
 Bear Lake, Great, British America, II. 422. 
 Bear Lake Eiver, II. 422. 
 
 Bear Mountain, Pennsylvania, II. 422. 
 
 Bearn [ba-arn], district of France, II. 422. 
 Bear Eiver, Utah, II. 422. California, 2 ab. 
 Bear's foot (hellebore), VIII. 621, 2 a. 
 
 Be'as, river of India, II. 422. 
 
 Beasley, Frederick, American clergyman, II. 
 422. 
 
 Beasts , in heraldry, VIII. 673, 1 b. See plate 
 after p. 670. 
 
 Beater , instrument used in basket making, II. 
 366, 1 b. 
 
 Beatia [be-a'-sha], ancient city: see Baeza. 
 Beatification, in the Eoman Catholic church, 
 II. 422. 
 
 Beaton, David, cardinal and archbishop of St. 
 Andrews, II. 422. His persecution of the 
 Scotch reformers, 423, 1 b and c. Wishart 
 and others sentenced by him to be burned at 
 the stake, ib ., and XVI. 690, 1 a. His vio¬ 
 lent death, II. 423, 1 c. His private charac¬ 
 ter, ib. 
 
 Beatoun: see Beaton. 
 
 Beatrice Portinari [ba-a-tre'-cha por-te-na'- 
 re], II. 423. See Dante, V. 670, 1 c; 672, 
 1 c. 
 
 Beats , in harmony, VIII. 467, 2 b. 
 
 Beat'tie, James [Scot, ba'-te], Scottish poet, 
 II. 423. 
 
 Beau Brummel , sobriquet: see Brummel, III. 
 356, 2 a. 
 
 Beaucaire [bo-kair], town of France, II. 423. 
 
 Beauce [boce], county of Canada, II. 423. 
 
 Beauchesne, Alcide Ilyacinthe du Bois de 
 [dti bwa duh bo-shain], French author, II. 
 424. 
 
 Beauclerk, Topham [in England, bo-klark'], 
 a favorite of Dr. Johnson, II. 424. 
 
 Beauffort , Belgian dukes and counts of: see 
 Beaufort, II. 424, 2 b. 
 
 Beaufort [bu'-furt], two counties, II. 424. 
 
 Beaufort, town of North Carolina, II. 424. 
 Of South Carolina, 2 a. 
 
 Beaufort [bo-for], town of France, II. 424. 
 
 Beaufort , origin of the English dukes of, II. 
 424, 2 b; of the French dukes of, ib .; of 
 the Belgian dukes and counts of, ib. 
 
 Beaufort, Sir Francis, English naval officer 
 and hydrographer, II. 424. 
 
 Beaufort, Francois de Vendome, duke of, 
 French soldier, II. 425. 
 
 Beaufort, Henry of, English prelate and 
 statesman, II. 425. 
 
 Beaufort, Henry Charles Fitzroy Somerset, 
 eighth duke of, English soldier, II. 425. 
 
 Beaufort, Margaret, countess of Eichmond 
 and of Derby, II. 425. 
 
 Beaugency [bo-zlia ns -se], town of France, II. 
 426. 
 
 Beauharnais, Alexandre, vicomte de [bo-ar- 
 na], French general, II. 426. 
 
 Beauharnais, Eugene de, duke of Leuchten- 
 berg and prince of Eichstadt, II. 426. See 
 
 LEUCnTENBEIIG. 
 
 Beauharnais, Fanny, comtesse de, French 
 writer, II. 427. 
 
 Beauharnais, Frangois, marquis de, French 
 royalist, II. 427. 
 
 Beauharnais, Ilortense Eugenie, queen of 
 Holland, II. 427. 
 
 Beauharnais , Josephine , daughter of Eugene 
 de Beauharnais, II. 426, 2 c. Eugenie Hor- 
 tense, ib. Amelie Auguste, 427, 1 a. 
 
 Beauharnois [bo-ar-na], county of Canada, 
 II. 427. 
 
 Beaujeu , Anne de [bo-zliuh], regent of France, 
 IV. 287, 1 c. 
 
BEAUJOLAIS 
 
 BECHSTEIN 
 
 85 
 
 Beaujolais [bo-zhiili-la], district of France, 
 II. 427. Wines of, VII. 412, 2 ab. 
 
 Beaumanoir, Jean, sire do [bo-ma-nwar], 
 French knight, II. 427. 
 
 Beaumanoir, Philippe de, French jurist, II. 
 427. 
 
 Beaumarchais, Pierre Augustin Caron de [bo- 
 mar-sha], French dramatic author, II. 428. 
 
 Beaumelle, Laurent Angliviel de la [bo-mel], 
 French author, II. 429. Victor Laurent 
 Suzanne Moise, 430, 1 b. 
 
 Beaumont [bo-mo Bg ], town of France, II. 430. 
 
 Beaumont [bo'-mont], county seat, IX. 587,1 b. 
 
 Beaumont, £lie de : see £lie de Beaumont. 
 
 Beaumont , Francis: see Beaumont and 
 Fletcher. 
 
 Beaumont, Sir George Howland, English pa¬ 
 tron of art, II. 430. 
 
 Beaumont, Sir John, English poet, II. 430. 
 
 Beaumont , Thomas , governor of the Bastile, 
 II. 376, 1 b. 
 
 Beaumont, William, American surgeon, II. 
 430. Experiments on Alexis St. Martin, 2 
 b. See Digestion, VI. 105, 2 b; Dietetics, 
 101, 2 be, 102, 1 b. 
 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, English dramatists 
 and poets, II. 430; VI. 635, 2 b. 
 
 Beaumont de la Bonniere, Gustave Auguste 
 de [bo-mo ng dull la bun-yair], French advo¬ 
 cate and writer, II. 431. 
 
 Beaumont and Mayer , friction machine of, VII. 
 491, 2 c. 
 
 Beaune [bone], town of France, II. 431. 
 
 Beaune-la-Rolande [-la-ruh-la ng d], village of 
 France, and battle, II. 431. 
 
 Beaupoire : see Belper. 
 
 Beauregard, Pierre Gustave Toutant [bo-re¬ 
 gard'; Fr. bo-ruh-gar], American general, 
 II. 431. 
 
 BEAUREPAiRE-RonAN, Henri de [bo-rhh-pair- 
 ro-a ng ], French traveller, II. 431. 
 
 Beauseant [bo-sa-a ng ], banner and battle cry of 
 the templars, XV. 634, 2 b. 
 
 Beausobre, Isaac de [bo-zubr’], French theo¬ 
 logian, II. 432. 
 
 Beautemps-Beaupre, Charles Frangois [bo- 
 ta ng -bo-pra], French hydrographer, II. 432. 
 
 Beauty: see ^Esthetics. Hogarth’s “Anal¬ 
 ysis of,” VIII. 759, 2 c; 760, 1 b. His line 
 of beauty, 759, 2 c. 
 
 Beauvais [bo-va], city of France, II. 433. 
 
 Beauvais, Charles Theodore, French general, 
 II. 433. 
 
 Beauvau, de [duh bo-vo], French family, II. 
 
 433. Rene, 1 c. Louis, ib. Bertrand, 2 a. 
 Ren6 Frangois, 2 a. Charles Juste, ib. 
 
 Beauvois, Ambroise Marie Frangois Joseph 
 Palisot de [duh bo-vwa]: see Palisot. 
 
 Beauzee, Nicolas [bo-za], French grammarian, 
 II. 433. 
 
 Beaver, animal, II. 433. Ill., 434, 1 a. Bea¬ 
 ver lodges and dam (ill.), 2 b. Beaver trap¬ 
 ping, 435, 1 a. Trade in beaver skins, 1 c. 
 European beaver, 2 ab. Beaver fur, VII. 
 539, 1 b. 
 
 Beaver, two counties, II. 435. 
 
 Beaver, county seat, II. 435, 2 c. 
 
 Beaver, Philip, English navigator, II. 435. 
 
 Beaver City , county seat, II. 435, 2 c. 
 
 Beaver cloth , invention of, XVI. 720, 1 c. 
 
 Beaver Head, county, II. 436. 
 
 Beaver Indians, II. 436. 
 
 Beaver Islands, Lake Michigan, II. 436. 
 
 Beaver poison, plant, IV. 577, 2 a. 
 
 Beaver rat : see Water Rat. 
 
 Beaverwood, VIII. 365, 2 b (IIackberry). 
 
 Beazley, Samuel, English architect and author, 
 II. 436. 
 
 Bebaoum pass [ba-ba-oom'], Atlas mountains, 
 II. 81, 1 c. 
 
 Bebe [ba-ba], French dwarf, VI. 335, 2 be. 
 
 Bebee'ria : see Bebeerine. 
 
 Bebeerine [be-be'-rin], an alkaloid, II. 436. 
 Its source, VIII. 231, 1 ab. 
 
 Bebeeru baric, II. 436, 1 c; VIII. 231, 1 ab. 
 
 Bebian, Roch Ambroise Auguste [ba-bya ng ], 
 French teacher of deaf mutes, II. 436. 
 
 Bebutoff, Vasili Osipovitcb, prince [beb'-oo- 
 tof], Russian soldier, II. 436. David, 2 c. 
 
 Becancour [ba-ka ng -koor], county seat, XII. 
 435, 2 a. 
 
 Beccadella, Antonio , founder of the Accademia 
 Pontaniana, I. 50, 1 b. 
 
 Beccajicata [bek-ka-fe-ka'-ta], feast, II. 437,1 b. 
 
 Beccafico [bek-ka-fe'-ko], bird, II. 437 (ill.). 
 
 Beccafumi, Domenico [bek-ka-foo'-me], Italian 
 artist, II. 437. 
 
 Beccaria, Cesare Bonesana, marquis of [bek- 
 ka'-re-a], Italian jurist and economist, II. 437. 
 
 Beccaria, Giambattista, Italian electrician, 
 II. 437. 
 
 Becerra, Gaspar [ba-thair'-ra], Spanish sculp¬ 
 tor and painter, II. 437. 
 
 Becher, Johann Joachim [beh'- c her], German 
 chemist, II. 438. See Chemistry, IV. 360, 
 1 a, c; Heat, VIII. 567, 2 ab. 
 
 Bechstein, Johann Matthaus [be c h'-stine], Ger¬ 
 man ornithologist and forester, II. 438. 
 
86 
 
 BECHUAHA 
 
 BEE 
 
 Bechuana [betch-wa'-na], people of S. Africa, 
 IL 438. 
 
 Beck, David, Dutch portrait painter, II. 438. 
 
 Beck, Karl, German poet, II. 438. 
 
 Beck, Theodoric Romeyn, American physician, 
 II. 439. John Brodhead, physician, 1 be. 
 Lewis C., naturalist, 1 c. 
 
 Becker, county, II. 439. 
 
 Becker, Gottfried Wilhelm, German physician 
 and writer, II. 439. Karl Ferdinand, musi¬ 
 cian, 2 b (died 1877). 
 
 Becker, Karl Ferdinand, German philologist, 
 II. 439. 
 
 Becker, Karl Friedrich, German historian, II. 
 440. 
 
 Becker, Rudolf Zacharias, German author, II. 
 440. 
 
 Becker, Wilhelm Gottlieb, German archieolo- 
 gist, II. 440. Wilhelm Adolf, educator and 
 writer, 1 c. 
 
 Bechet , Gilbert a, father of Thomas a Becket, 
 II. 440, 2 a. 
 
 Becket, Thomas a, English prelate and states¬ 
 man, II. 440. His shrine, 441, 2 c. Beck- 
 et’s crown or corona, 442,1 a. Biographies 
 and notices of, ib. See Henry II., VIII. 642, 
 2 b, ff. 
 
 Beckford, William, English politician, II. 442. 
 William, author, 2 ab. 
 
 Beckmann, Johann, German technologist, II. 
 443. 
 
 Beckx, Pierre Jean [bex], general of the soci¬ 
 ety of Jesus, II. 443. 
 
 Becquerel, Antoine Cesar [bek-rel], French 
 physicist, II. 443. His battery, VII. 590, 
 1 b; his oxygen circuit, 591, 2 c.—Alexan¬ 
 dre Edmond, physicist, II. 444, 1 ab. His 
 table of specific electrical resistances, VII. 
 596, 1 c.—Louis Alfred, physician, II. 444, 
 1 b. 
 
 Becse, Old [betch'-eh], borough of Hungary, 
 II. 444. Hew, 1 c. 
 
 Becskerek, Great [betch'-ker-ek], town of 
 Hungary, II. 444. Little, village, 1 c. 
 
 Beda: see Bede. 
 
 Bed and Bedstead, II. 444. Early English 
 bed (ill.), 2 c. Great bed of Ware, 445, 1 
 ab (ill.). Ancient Egyptian bed, 1 c (ill.). 
 Hydrostatic or water bed, 2 a. 
 
 Bedarieux [ba-da-re-uh], town of France, II. 
 445. 
 
 Bedbug : see Epizoa, VI. 696, 2 c (ilk). 
 
 Bedcanford , old town of England, II. 448, 1 c. 
 
 Bedder , lower millstone, XI. 558, 1 a. 
 
 Beddoes, Thomas, English physician, II. 445. 
 
 Thomas Lovell, poet, 446, 1 c. 
 
 Bede, the Venerable, Saxon ecclesiastic, II. 446. 
 Bedeau, Marie Alphonse [buh-do], French 
 general, II. 446. 
 
 Bedell', Gregory Townsend, American clergy¬ 
 man and author, II. 447. Gregory Thurs¬ 
 ton, bishop, 1 be. 
 
 Bedell, William, English prelate, II. 447. 
 Beders , tribe of India, IV. 494, 2 a. 
 
 Bedford [bed'-furd], three counties, II. 447. 
 Bedford, borough of Pennsylvania, II. 448. 
 Bedford, borough of England, II. 448. 
 
 Bedford , county seats, X. 230, 2 c; XV. 591, 
 2 c; 868, 2 c. 
 
 Bedford, Gunning S., American physician, II. 
 448. 
 
 Bedford, John, duke of, English soldier and 
 statesman, II. 448. William Russell, duke 
 of, 449, 1 b. 
 
 Bedford Level, district of England, II. 449. 
 Bedford missal , illuminated manuscript, XI. 
 599, 2 b. 
 
 Bedfordshire, county of England, II. 449. 
 
 Bed of Justice, II. 445 ; XIII. 117, 1 be. 
 Bedlam, Bethlehem hospital, London, II. 449; 
 X. 602, 2 be. 
 
 Bedlam beggars , or Tom-o’-Bedlams, II. 450, 
 
 1 a. 
 
 Bedloe's island , Hew York harbor, fever hos¬ 
 pital built on, II. 307, 2 c. Fort on, XII. 
 384, 2 a. 
 
 Bedouins [bed'-oo-ins], Arabian nomadic tribes, 
 II. 450 (ill.). 
 
 Bed rock , in mines, XI. 572, 2 b. 
 
 Beds, abbreviation of Bedfordshire, II. 449. 
 Beds of passage, in geology, VII. 695, 1 be. 
 Bedstead: see Bed and Bedstead. 
 
 Bedstraw, plant, XVI. 711, 1 ab. 
 
 Bed-work irrigation , IX. 415, 2 c. 
 
 Bee, insect, II. 451. Honey bee, 1 ab (ills., 451, 
 452). Queen bee, 452, 1 ab, 2 a; 453, 2 c ; 
 456, 1 c. Drones or males, 452, 1 b and 2 b; 
 453, 2 a. Workers or neuters (females), 
 
 1 ab, c; 453, 2 b. Bee sting, 452, 1 c. 
 Food of bees, 454, 1 ab. Secretion of wax, 
 
 2 a. Life in a hive, 2 c. Architecture of 
 bees, 455,1 b. Swarming, 456,1 a. Italian 
 or Ligurian bee, 2 a; in the United States, 
 458, 2 be. Hatural enemies, 456, 2 ab. 
 Wild honey bees, 2 be. Humblebee, 457, 
 1 c (ill.). Carder bee, 458, 1 ab. Lapidary 
 bee, 1 b. Solitary bees, 1 be. Mason bees, 
 1 c (ill.)- Mining bees, 2 a. Carpenter bees, 
 
BEE 
 
 BEGONIA 
 
 87 
 
 2 b (ill.). Loaf-cutting and upholstering 
 bees, 459, 1 b. Poppy bee, ib. Bose-leaf 
 cutter, 1 be (ill.). See Bee-keeping. 
 
 Bee, county, II. 459. 
 
 Beebee , title, III. 691, 1 be. 
 
 Bee bread , II. 454, 2 a. 
 
 Beech, tree, II. 459 (ill.). Beech leaves, flow¬ 
 ers, and nut (ill.), 460. 
 
 Beecher, Lyman, D. D., American theologian, 
 II. 460. Catherine Esther, educator and au¬ 
 thoress, 461, 2 b. Edward, D. D., clergyman 
 and author, 2 c. Henry Ward, clergyman 
 and author, 462, 1 ab. Harriet Elizabeth 
 (Stowe), novelist, 2 b. Charles, clergyman 
 and author, 463, 1 ab. Thomas Kennicutt, 
 clergyman and author, 1 b. 
 
 Beeohey, Frederick William, English naviga¬ 
 tor, II. 463 ; I 671, 1 c. 
 
 Beechey, Sir William, English painter, II. 463. 
 Beeching's life boat , X. 421, 1 b. 
 
 Bee-eater, bird, II. 463. Common, 464, 1 ab 
 (ill.). Bee wolf, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Beef-eater, bird, XII. 768, 1 c (Oxpecker). 
 Beefsteak club, IY. 718, 1 b. Allusion to, II. 
 575, 1 c. 
 
 Beefsteak geranium, XIV. 657, 1 a. 
 
 Bee hive: see Bee-keeping. 
 
 Beehive, geyser, VII. 787, 1 c. 
 
 Beehive houses, ancient Irish structures, IX. 
 355, 1 b. 
 
 Bee hunting, II. 456, 2 c. 
 
 Bee-keeping, II. 464. The apiary, 2 a. Posi¬ 
 tion of hives, 2 ab (ills.). Forms of hives, 
 465, 1 a, ft. (ills.). Comb (ill.), 2 b. Polish 
 hives, 466, 1 a (ill.). Use of glass boxes, 
 
 1 b. Swarming, 2 ab (ill.). Removing 
 comb, 467, I b. Prevention of robbery, 1 c. 
 Wintering bees, 2 a; 468, 1 b. The bee 
 moth, 467, 2 be. Management in spring, 
 
 468, 1 c. Profit of bee-keeping, 2 ab. In¬ 
 troduction of the Italian or Ligurian bee, 
 
 2 be. 
 
 Bee line, II. 457, 1 b. 
 
 Beelzebub [be-el'-ze-bub], sovereign of evil 
 spirits, II. 469. 
 
 Beelzebul: see Beelzebub. 
 
 Bee martin , bird, IX. 837, 2 b. 
 
 Bee moth, or wax moth, II. 456, 2 b; 467, 2 be. 
 Beemster [baim'-ster], district of Holland, II. 
 
 469. 
 
 Beer, fermented liquor, II. 469. Its ancient 
 use, 1 b. Varieties, 2 ab. Analyses, 470, 
 2 b. Production, 2 c. Manufacture: see 
 Brewing. 
 
 Beer, Wilhelm [bair], German astronomer, II. 
 470. His map of the moon, 2 b; XI. 800, 
 2 b.—Michael, dramatist, II. 2 b. 
 
 Beer barrel, II. 336, 1 a. 
 
 Beernem [bair'-nem], Belgium, reformatory at, 
 
 XIV. 503, 1 b. 
 
 Beer-sheba [be-er'-slie-ba], ancient town, II. 
 470. 
 
 Beer and Steamboat springs (mineral), II. 422, 
 2 a (Bear River). 
 
 Beeswax, secretion of, II. 454, 2 a. Nature 
 and preparation of, XVI. 515, 1 c, ff. 
 Beeswing, in wine, XVI. 666, 2 be. 
 
 Beet, plant, II. 471. Blood beets, 1 ab (ills.). 
 Mangel-wurzel, 1 c. White beet, its use in 
 sugar making, 2 a. Chard beet, 2 b (ill.). 
 Beethoven, Ludwig van [ba'-to-ven], Dutch 
 musician, II. 472.—Ludwig van, German 
 composer, 1 ab. His deafness, 2 b. His 
 lawsuits for the custody of his nephew Karl, 
 473, 2 a. His brother Johann, 2 c. His 
 works, 1 b; XII. 91, 1 b, 92, 1 be. 
 
 Beetle, order of insects, II. 475. Anatomy 
 of, 1 be (ills.). Classification and divisions, 
 2 be. Pentamera, 2 c. Bombardier beetle, 
 476, 1 b (ill.). Scarabseus, 477, 1 ab (ill.). 
 Stag beetle, 1 c (ill.). Heteromera, 1 c. Te- 
 tramera, 2 b. Trimera, 478, 1 a.—Burying 
 beetles, muscular activity of, IX. 313, 2 ab. 
 Larvaa of the spring beetles, XVI. 678, 1 c. 
 Beetle, a hammer, VIII. 426, 1 c. 
 
 Beetle lice, VI. 695, 2 a. 
 
 Beet-root sugar, manufacture of, II. 471, 2 a; 
 
 XV. 447, 2 be; in California, III. 605, 1 a. 
 Discovery of the true process, I. 63, 2 a. 
 
 Bee wolf, bird, II. 464, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Beeza, a distilled spirit, II. 229, 2 c. 
 
 Befana [ba-fa'-na], puppet or doll, II. 478. 
 Befort [ba-for]: see Belfort. 
 
 Beg, Bey, and Beglerbeg, Turkish titles, II. 478. 
 Bega canal [ba'-ga], Hungary, allusions to, II. 
 
 264, 1 c; XV. 633, 1 b. 
 
 Begas, Karl [ba'-gas], Prussian painter, II. 478. 
 Begasse [be-gas'], refuse sorghum, XV. 171,1 b. 
 Beggars, Dutch political party, VIII. 818, 2 c. 
 Beggars of the sea, Dutch privateers, XVI. 
 636, 1 b. 
 
 Begging friars : see Religious Orders. 
 Begging the question, in logic, X. 580, 1 a. 
 Beghards [ba-gards'J, religious order, II. 478; 
 
 XI. 730, 2 b. Spiritualists, II. 478, 2 b. 
 Begharmi : see Baghirmi. 
 
 Beglerbeg: see Beg ; also XVI. 396, 2 a. 
 Begonia, plant, II. 478 (ill.). 
 
88 
 
 BEGSHEHER 
 
 BELGOROD 
 
 Begsheher [beg-sha'-her], lake, river, and 
 town of Turkey, II. 479. 
 
 Begshehr : see Begsheher. 
 
 Beguards : see Beguines. 
 
 Beguinage* [ba-ghe-nazh], origin of, XV. 140, 
 1 a. 
 
 Beguines [ba-gheens'], religious sisterhood, II. 
 
 479 ; 478, 2 b; XI. 730, 2 b. 
 
 Begums of Oude, plunder of by the English, 
 XII. 740, 1 be. 
 
 Behaim, Martin [ba'-hime], German navigator 
 and geographer, II. 479. 
 
 Behaim, Hans Sebald [ba'-ham], German painter 
 and engraver, II. 479. 
 
 Behar', division of Bengal, India, II. 479. 
 Behem , Martin [ba'-hem]: see Behaim. 
 Behe'moth , of the Hebrews, VIII. 743, 1 ab. 
 Behistun [ba-his-toon'], ruined town of Per¬ 
 sia, II. 479. Cuneiform inscriptions at, 2 c ; 
 Y. 573, 2 a, If. 
 
 Behme [ba'-meh], murderer of Coligni, Y. 55, 
 1 c. 
 
 Belimen, Jacob [ba'-men] : see Boehm. 
 
 Behn, Aphara or Aplira [ben], English drama¬ 
 tist and novelist, II. 480. 
 
 Behring, Yitus [ba'-ring], navigator, II. 480; 
 
 I. 242, 2 b; X. 40, 1 a. 
 
 Behring Island, II. 480. 
 
 Behring Sea, II. 480. 
 
 Behring Strait, II. 481. 
 
 Beira [ba'-e-ra], province of Portugal, II. 481. 
 Beirut [ba-root']: see Beyrout. 
 
 Beisan [ba-san']: see Scythopolis. 
 
 Beissel, Johann Conrad [bl'-sel], German re¬ 
 ligionist, II. 481. 
 
 Beit Allah [bait al'-la], a name of the Caaba, 
 XI. 314, 2 a. 
 
 Beit-el-Fakiii [-el-fa'-ke], town of Arabia, II. 
 
 481. Beit-el-Fakih el-Ivebir, 2 b. 
 
 Beitin [ba-teen'], site of Bethel, II. 594, 1 ab. 
 Beit Lahm [bait lam], Arabic name of Bethle¬ 
 hem, II. 594, 2 c. 
 
 Beit Ur el-Foka , site of Upper Beth-horon, II. 
 594, 2 be. 
 
 Beit Ur el-Tahta , site of Lower Beth-horon, 
 
 II. 594, 2 be. 
 
 Beja [ba'-zha], city of Portugal, II. 481. 
 Bejapoor', ruined city of Iiindostan, II. 481 
 (ill.). 
 
 Bejour : see Bijawur. 
 
 Beka , half shekel, XIY. 841, 2 a. 
 
 Beka, bat, YII. 110, 2 b. 
 
 Beke, Charles Tilstone, English geographer 
 and explorer, II. 482. (Died 1874.) 
 
 BEKfes [ba'-kaish], county of Hungary, II. 482. 
 Town, 2 a. 
 
 Bekker, Immanuel, German philologist, II. 482. 
 
 Bel, Babylonian divinity : see Baal, II. 178, 1 
 ab; Belus, 512 ; Merodacii, XI. 410, 2 a ; 
 Mythology, XII. 117, 1 b. 
 
 Bela [ba'-la], name of several Hungarian kings, 
 II. 482. 
 
 Belair, county seat, YIII. 461, 2 c. 
 
 Belair , town of Ilayti, IX. 497, 2 b. 
 
 Belbes: see Belbeis. 
 
 Belbeis [bel-bace'], town of Egypt, II. 483. 
 
 Belbeys : see Belbeis. 
 
 Belcher, Sir Edward, English naval officer and 
 explorer, II. 483 ; I. 675, 1 c, ff. (Died 1877.) 
 
 Belcher, Jonathan, American colonial gover¬ 
 nor, II. 483. Jonathan, chief justice of Ho- 
 va Scotia, 2 b. 
 
 Belcher, Tom, English pugilist, II. 483. 
 
 Bele (botany), YII. 110, 1 c. 
 
 Beled el-Anib [bel'-ed el-a-neeb'], town: see 
 Bona. 
 
 Beled ul-Jerid [ool-ja-reed'], region of Africa, 
 II. 483. 
 
 Beled-Zanzibar , city, XYI. 806, 1 c. 
 
 Belem [ba-le ng/ ], suburb of Lisbon, Portugal, 
 II. 483. Tower of, 484, 1 ab (ill.). 
 
 Belem, city of Brazil, II. 484. 
 
 Belem'nites [generic, sing, and pi., be-lem-ni'- 
 teez], fossil mollusks, II. 484 (ills.). 
 
 Belemnose'pia , fossil mollusks, II. 485, 2 a. 
 
 Belemnoteu'this , fossil mollusks, Y. 202, 2 c. 
 
 Belesta [buh-les-ta], town of France, II. 485. 
 
 Bel'fast, city of Maine, II. 485. 
 
 Belfast', town of Ireland, II. 485. Albert 
 memorial tower, 486, 1 ab (ill.). Queen’s 
 college, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Belfort [bel-for], town of France, II. 486 ; 
 view, 487. 
 
 Bel'g^e, ancient people of Gaul, II. 487. 
 
 Belgard [bel'-gart], town of Prussia, II. 487. 
 
 Belgaum', town of Iiindostan, II. 487. 
 
 Belgic Confession , XIY. 254, 2 c; 257, 1 a. 
 
 Belgiojoso, Cristina, princess of [bel-jo-yo'- 
 zo], Italian patriot and writer, II. 487. 
 
 Bel'gium, kingdom, II. 487. Divisions and 
 inhabitants, 488, 1 a. Physical features, 1 bo 
 Minerals, 2 b. Intercommunication, 2 c. 
 Occupations, 489,1 ab. Finances, 2 a. Mili¬ 
 tary force, 2 b. Government, 2 c. Pauper¬ 
 ism, 490, 1 b. Religion, 1 be. Education, 
 1 c. History, 2 a. Its permanent neutral¬ 
 ity assured, XII. 259, 2 c. 
 
 Belgorod', town of Russia, II. 493. 
 
BELGRADE 
 
 BELLINGHAM 
 
 89 
 
 Belgrade', capital of Servia, IT. 493 (ill.). 
 Belgra'via , in London, X. 596, 1 b. 
 
 Belial [be'-lyul], a Hebrew word, II. 493. 
 Beliar in tbe best New Testament manu¬ 
 scripts, 2 c. 
 
 Belidor, Bernard Forest de, French military 
 engineer and author, II. 493. 
 
 Belisa'rius, Byzantine general, II. 494. Le¬ 
 gend of his blindness and mendicancy, 2 c. 
 See Justinian. 
 
 Belize : see Balize. 
 
 Belknap [bel'-nap], county, II. 495. 
 
 Belknap, Jeremy, D. D., American historian, 
 II. 495. 
 
 Bell, II. 495. In antiquity, 1 c. Earliest 
 church use, 2 ab. Consecration and bap¬ 
 tism of bells, 2 b. The passing and the cur¬ 
 few bell, 2 c. Evening bell, origin of, V. 
 582, 2 a. Bells of Russia, II. 496, 1 a (ill.) ; 
 of China, 2 b; in England, France, &c., 
 2 c ; in the United States, ib. Liberty bell, 
 497, 2 a (ill.). Material, 1 c. Tone, 2 c. 
 Manufacture, IV. 80, 2 c (Casting). 
 
 Bell, county, II. 498. 
 
 Bell , county of Kentucky : see Josh Bell. 
 
 Bell , an Englishman, I. 46, 2 c. 
 
 Bell , Alexander Graham , XV. 622,* 2 b. 
 
 Bell, Andrew, English clergyman, II. 498. 
 Bell, Sir Charles, British surgeon and anato¬ 
 mist, II. 498. 
 
 Bell, George Joseph, Scottish lawyer, II. 499. 
 Bell, Henry, Scottish inventor, II. 499. 
 
 Bell, John, Scottish physician and traveller, 
 II. 499. 
 
 Bell, John, Scottish surgeon, II. 499. 
 
 Bell, John, American lawyer and statesman, 
 
 II. 499. 
 
 Bell, John, English sculptor, II. 500. 
 
 Bell, Luther V., American physician, II. 500. 
 Bell, Thomas, English zoologist, II. 500. His 
 classification of amphibia, I. 435, 2 b. 
 
 Bella Chiava [bel'-la kya'-va], mediceval name 
 of Balaklava bay, II. 231, 2 b. 
 
 Belladon'na, plant, II. 500; ill., 501. Symp¬ 
 toms of poisoning by, 1 c ; remedies, 2 b. 
 Bellamare [bel-la-ma'-ra], his attempt on the 
 life of Napoleon III., III. 51, 1 ab. 
 Bel'lamont, Richard Coote, earl of, English 
 colonial governor, II. 501. See Kidd, Wil¬ 
 liam. 
 
 Bellamy, Mrs. George Ann, English actress, 
 
 II. 502. 
 
 Bellamy, Joseph, D. D., American theologian, 
 II. 502. 
 
 Bel'larmin, Robert, Italian theologian and 
 cardinal, II. 502. 
 
 Bellarmino , Roberto [bel-lar-me'-no]: see Bel- 
 
 LARMIN. 
 
 Bellary [bel-la'-re], district of India, II. 502. 
 Town, 2 b. 
 
 Bellay, Guillaume du [ba-la], French soldier 
 and diplomatist, II. 502. Jean du, cardinal 
 and diplomatist, 503, 1 a. Joachim du, 
 poet, 1 be. 
 
 Bell bird , XVI. 109, 2 c. 
 
 Belle, Jean Francois Joseph de, French gen¬ 
 eral, II. 503. 
 
 Bellechasse [bel-slias], county of Canada, II. 
 503. 
 
 Bellefonte [bel-font'], county seats, IV. 206, 
 1 c; IX. 483, 1 a. 
 
 Belle-Isle, Charles Louis Auguste Fouquet, 
 duke de [bel-eel], French soldier and states¬ 
 man, II. 503. Louis Charles Arm and Fou¬ 
 quet, chevalier de, 504, 1 a. 
 
 Belle Isle [bel lie'], North and South, islands 
 of North America, II. 504. 
 
 Belle Isle, Strait of, II. 504. 
 Belle-Isle-en-Mer [bel-eel-a ng -mair], island of 
 France, II. 504. 
 
 Bel'lenden, William, Scottish writer, II. 504. 
 Bellenz [bel'-lents]: see Bellinzona. 
 Bellerophon [bel-lSr'-o-fon], mythical hero, 
 II. 504. 
 
 Bellerophon , the : see Iron-clad Snips, IX. 
 381, 2 c; 382, 1 b, c, 2 be; 383, 1 ab, 2 ab ; 
 386, 1 be. 
 
 Belleval, Pierre Richer de [duh bel-val], 
 French botanist, II. 504. 
 
 Belleville [bel'-vil], city of Illinois, II. 504. 
 Belleville, town of Canada, II. 505. 
 
 Belleville sorrel , XV. 171, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Bellevue [bel-vu'J, county seats, III. 114, 2 b; 
 
 IX. 484, 1 c; XIV. 635, 1 c. 
 
 Bellevue hospital , New York, XII. 396, 1 b. 
 
 Medical college of, 403, 2 a and 1 b (table). 
 Belley [ba-la], town of France, II. 505. 
 Belliard, Augustin Daniel, count [ba-lyar], 
 French soldier, II. 505. 
 
 Belligerent [bel-lij'-er-ent], general rights of, 
 XIV. 19, 2 a. 
 
 Belligerent states , conventions between, X. 
 227, 2 c. 
 
 Belling , cry of the hart, VII. 75, 2 a. 
 
 Belling, Wilhelm Sebastian von, Prussian sol¬ 
 dier, II. 505. 
 
 Bellingham, Richard [bel'-ling-um], English 
 colonial governor, II. 505. Marries himself, 
 
 r 
 
 t 
 
90 
 
 BELLINI 
 
 BEN 
 
 and is prosecuted for violation of law, 2 be ; 
 tries his own case, and acquits himself, ib. 
 Bellini, Jacopo [bel-le'-ne], Venetian painter, 
 II. 505. Gentile, 506, 1 a. Giovanni, ib. 
 Bellini, Laurentio, Italian anatomist, II. 506. 
 Bellini, Vincenzo, Italian composer, II. 506. 
 Bellinzo'na, town of Switzerland, II. 506. 
 Bel'lis peren'nis (botany), V. 638, 1 a (ill.)* 
 A. prolifera, 1 b. 
 
 Bellman, Karl Mickel, Swedish poet, II. 
 506. 
 
 Bell metal , composition of, II. 497, 2 be; III. 
 314, 2 b. 
 
 Bellomont: see Bellamont. 
 
 Bello'na, Roman goddess, II. 507. 
 
 Bellona'rii , priests of Bellona, II. 507, 1 a. 
 Bellot, Joseph Ben6 [ba-lo], French naval 
 officer, II. 507. 
 
 Bellows [beF-lus], instrument, II. 507. See 
 Blowing Machines. 
 
 Bellows , or blowing murmur, in chlorosis, IV. 
 
 504, 2 a; VIII. 561, 2 c. 
 
 Bellows, Henry Whitney, D. D. [bel'-loze], 
 American clergyman, II. 508. 
 
 Bellows Falls, village of Vermont, II. 508. 
 Bellows Fish, II. 508 (ill.). 
 
 Belloy, Pierre Laurent Buirette de [duh ba- 
 lwa], French dramatist, II. 508. 
 
 Bell rock lighthouse , X. 460, 1 ab (ill.). 
 Belluno [bel-loo'-no], province of Italy, II. 
 
 509. Capital city, 1 b. 
 
 Belluno , duke of: see Victor, Claude. 
 Bellumim, ancient city, II. 509, 1 b (Belluno). 
 Bellville , county seat, II. 127, 1 b. 
 Bel-Merodach : see Merodacii. Temple of, 
 II. 180, 2 a. 
 
 Belmondo of Padua , mathematician, I. 301, 
 2 c. 
 
 Belmont', county, II. 509. 
 
 Belmont , county seat, I. 324, 2 b. 
 
 Belmont, village of Missouri, II. 509. Battle 
 of, ib. 
 
 Belmontet, Louis [bel-mo ng -ta], French poet, 
 II. 509. 
 
 Be'loe, William, English clergyman and author, 
 II. 509. 
 
 Beloit', city of Wisconsin, II. 510. Beloit 
 college, 1 b. 
 
 Bel'omaney , VI. 153, 2 c (Divination). 
 
 Belon, Pierre [buh-lo ng ], French naturalist, II. 
 
 510. His classification of birds, XII. 704, 
 2 a. 
 
 Belo'ne (ichthyology), XIII. 510, 2 c. B. trun- 
 cata, ib. (ill., 511). 
 
 Beloo'ches , tribe of Beloochistan, II. 510, 2 c: 
 605, 1 be. 
 
 Beloochistan [bel-oo-tchis-tan'J, country of 
 Asia, II. 510. 
 
 Beloojistan : see Beloochistan. 
 
 Belotto , Bernardo , III. 690, 2 c (Canaletto). 
 Belper, town of England, II. 511. 
 
 Belsamen [bel-sa'-men], Carthaginian deity, IV. 
 37, 2 c. 
 
 BeVs cairns , in Ireland, referred to, II. 178, 2 a. 
 Bel'sham, Thomas, English clergyman and au¬ 
 thor, II. 511. William, historical writer, 1 c. 
 Belshazzar : see Babylon. 
 
 Belsunce, Henri Francois Xavier de [bel- 
 sii ng ss], French bishop, II. 511. 
 
 Belt, Great and Little, channels between the 
 Baltic sea and the Cattegat, II. 511. 
 Bel'tane, ancient festival of Ireland and Scot¬ 
 land, II. 511. 
 
 Beltein [bel'-tain]: see Beltane. 
 
 Beltis, Babylonian goddess: see Mylitta. 
 Belton , county seat, II. 498, 1 b. 
 
 Bel'trami, county, II. 511. 
 j Bein'ga (zoology), VI. 192, 2 c. B. borealis, 
 193, 1 a (ill., 192). 
 
 Belunum , ancient city, II. 509, 1 b (Belluno). 
 Belur Tagh [ba-loor' tag]: see Bolor Tahh. 
 Belus, Babylonian divinity, II. 512. 
 
 Belus , legendary leader of an Egyptian colony 
 to Babylonia, IV. 229, 1 c. 
 
 Belus, Temple of: see Babel, and Babylon. 
 Belul Tagh [ba-loot' tag]: see Bolor Tagh. 
 Belvedere villa [bel-va-da'-ra], of the Vatican, 
 XVI. 272, 1 ab. 
 
 Belvidere [bel-ve-deer'], county seats, III. 82, 
 2 c; XVI. 459, 2 c. 
 
 Belzo'ni, Giovanni Battista, Italian traveller 
 and explorer, II. 512. His explorations at 
 Ipsambul, IX. 344,1 a, 390, 1 b ; in the pyr¬ 
 amids, XIV. 106, 1 be. 
 
 Belzunce [bel-zu ng ss]: see Belsunce. 
 
 Bem, Jozef, Polish general, II. 512; 146, 2 b ; 
 
 IX. 60, 1 c, 2 b; 61, 1 ab. 
 
 Bema , the , of Athens, II. 59, 2b; VI. 385, 2 b. 
 Be'man, Nathaniel S. S., American clergyman, 
 II. 513. 
 
 Bembo, Bonifazio, Italian painter, II. 513. 
 
 Giovanni Francesco, painter, 2 be. 
 
 Bembo, Pietro, Italian cardinal and author, II. 
 513; V. 360, 1 a. 
 
 Bemborough , English officer, II. 427, 2 c. 
 Bemuds Heights , battle of, XIV. 628, 2 a. 
 
 Ben, use of in Hebrew and Arabic, II. 514. 
 Jewish prefix in surnames, XII. 127, 2 c. 
 
BEX-A-BOURD 
 
 BENICARLO 
 
 91 
 
 Ben-a-bourd, mountain of Scotland, II. 247, 2 b; 
 monument to Prince Albert, ib. 
 
 Bena'cus La'cus , ancient name of Lake Garda, 
 VII. 619, 1 c. 
 
 Benalcazar, Sebastian de [ba-nal-ka'-thar], 
 Spanish adventurer, II. 514. 
 
 Benares [ben-a'-rez], city of British India, II. 
 514; view, 515. 
 
 Ben'bow, John, English admiral, II. 515. 
 
 Benchers of the inns of court , in London, IX. 
 291, 2 a. 
 
 Bexcoo'lex, Dutch residency in Sumatra, II. 
 516. Town, 1 be. 
 
 Bend, in heraldry, VIII. 672, 1 b; bend sinis¬ 
 ter, 1 be. Per bend, 671, 2 c; per bend sinis¬ 
 ter, ib. See plate (after p. 670), on the left. 
 
 Bex'da, Franz, German violinist, II. 516. 
 Georg, composer, 2 ab. 
 
 Bendavid, Lazarus [ben-da'-vit], German phi¬ 
 losopher and mathematician, II. 516. 
 
 Bendemanx, Eduard [ben'-deh-man], German 
 painter, II. 516. 
 
 Bender, town of Bessarabia, Russia, II. 517. 
 
 Bendigo: see Sandhurst. 
 
 Bendish, Bridget, granddaughter of Oliver 
 Cromwell, II. 517. 
 
 Benedek, Ludwig von [fon ba'-neh-dek], Aus¬ 
 trian soldier, II. 517. 
 
 Benedet'ti, Vincent, count, French diploma¬ 
 tist, II. 517. His rudeness to King William 
 of Prussia, 2 c; VII. 394, 2 a. 
 
 Bendlet , in heraldry, VIII. 672, 1 be. 
 
 'Bendy, in heraldry, VIII. 673, 1 a. See plate 
 (after p. 670). 
 
 Ben'edict, popes, II. 518. Benedict II., 1 a; 
 III., 1 b; VIII., ib.; XL, 1 c; XII., 2 a; 
 XIII., ib.; XIII., antipope: see Luna, Pe¬ 
 dro de; XIV., 2 b. 
 
 Benedict, surnamed Biscop, a saint, II. 518. 
 
 Benedict, abbot of Peterborough, English his¬ 
 torian, II. 519. 
 
 Benedict, Sir Julius, English composer, II. 519. 
 
 Benedict, Saint, founder of the Benedictine 
 order, II. 519. His monastic rule established 
 in all western Europe, XI. 729, 2 c. 
 
 Benedict of Aniane [a-nyan], a saint, II. 519; 
 XI. 730, 1 a. 
 
 Benedict XIII., anti-pope: see Luna, Pedro de. 
 
 Benedictine congregation of St. Maur, II. 520, 
 la; XI. 731, 1 b. 
 
 Benedictines [ben-e-dik'-tins], order of monks, 
 II. 519. Congregations of, 520, 1 a. Bene¬ 
 dictine monk (ilk), 1 b. Benedictine nuns, 
 2 a; in the United States, ib. 
 
 Benedictional, the, in the Roman Catliolip mis¬ 
 sal, XI. 635, 2 c. 
 
 Benedix, Julius Roderich, German dramatist, 
 II. 520. 
 
 Benefice [ben'-e-fis], in the feudal system, VII. 
 160, 1 b. 
 
 Benefices of the English church, I. 140, 1 b; 
 VI. 629, 1 b. 
 
 Beneficium, in the feudal system, VII. 160,1 b. 
 Benefit of Clergy, II. 520. In the United 
 States, 521, 2 a. 
 
 Benefit of peerage, II. 521, 1 c. Advantage 
 taken of it by the duchess of Kingston, X. 
 11, 2 b. 
 
 Beneharni, primitive inhabitants of Bearn, II. 
 422, 1 c. 
 
 Beneke, Friedrich Eduard [ba'-nSh-keh], Ger¬ 
 man philosopher, II. 521; XI. 813, 2 be; 
 XIII. 442, 2 c. 
 
 Benevente [ba-na-ve ng/ -ta], town of Brazil, II. 
 521. 
 
 Benevento [ba-na-ven'-to], province of Italy, 
 II. 521. Capital city, 522, 1 a (ill.). 
 Beneventum, ancient city, II. 522, 1 a, 2 a 
 (Benevento). 
 
 Benev'olence, gratuity or forced loan, in Eng¬ 
 lish history, II. 522. 
 
 Benezet', Anthony, American philanthropist, 
 II. 522. 
 
 Benfey, Theodor [ben-ff], German philologist 
 and orientalist, II. 523. 
 
 Bengal [ben-gawk], province of British India, 
 II. 523. Political designation, 1 c. Extent 
 and population, 2 a. Physical features, 2 be. 
 Climate, 524, 1 b. Soil and productions, 1 c. 
 Fauna, 2 c. Government, 525, 1 b. Cities, 
 2 b. People, ib. History, 2 c. 
 
 Bengal, Bay of, II. 526. Sea of, 1 b. 
 Bengalee' language, IX. 216, 2 c; 217, 2 c. 
 Bengal hemp, VIII. 633, 2 be. 
 
 Bengal lights, in pyrotechny, XIV. 117, 2 c. 
 Bengaly, bird, VII. 190, 1 c. 
 
 Beng'el, Johann Albrecht, German theologian, 
 II. 526. 
 
 Benger, Elizabeth Ogilvy [beng'-gher], English 
 authoress, II. 526. 
 
 Benghazi [ben-ga'-ze], town of Barca, II. 526. 
 Benguela [ben-ga'-la], country in Africa, IT. 
 
 526. Sao Felipe de Benguela, capital, 527, 
 
 1 b. 
 
 Beni [ba'-ne], department of Bolivia, II. 527. 
 Beni, river of Bolivia, II. 527. 
 
 Benicarlo [ba-ne-kar-lo'], town of Spain, II. 
 
 527. 
 
92 
 
 BENICIA 
 
 BENZIN 
 
 Benicia [be-nish'-a], town of California, II. 527. 
 
 Beni-Hassan [ba'-ne-has'-san], grottoes of, XII. 
 451, 2 b. 
 
 Benin [ben-een'J, kingdom of Africa, II. 527. 
 Town, 528, 1 a. Bight of, 1 b. 
 
 Beniowsky, Moritz August, count [ben-yov'- 
 ske], Hungarian soldier and adventurer, II. 
 528. 
 
 Benitier [bS-ne-se-a], shell used for holy water, 
 XI. 721, 2 c. 
 
 Ben'jamin, Hebrew patriarch, II. 528. 
 
 Benjamin , gum, II. 545, 1 c. 
 
 Benjamin, Judah Phillips, American lawyer 
 and senator, II. 528. 
 
 Benjamin, Park, American poet and journalist, 
 II. 529. 
 
 Benjamin of Tudela, Jewish rabbi and travel¬ 
 ler, II. 529. 
 
 Ben'kendorff.\ Christoph von , Russian courtier, 
 X. 420, 1 a. 
 
 Benkler , lamps of, X. 129, 2 be. 
 
 Ben Lo'mond, mountain of Scotland, II. 529. 
 
 Bennet, Henry, earl of Arlington, English 
 statesman, II. 529. 
 
 Bennet, Thomas, English theologian and con¬ 
 troversialist, II. 529. 
 
 Bennett, James Gordon, American journalist, 
 II. 580. James Gordon, jr., 531, 1 a. 
 
 Bennett, John Hughes, English physician, II. 
 531. On latent pneumonia in old people, 
 IX. 275, 2 c; his theory of inflammation, 
 276,1 a; on plastic corpuscles, 2 a. His ex¬ 
 posure of an imposition: see Blood Stains, 
 II. 740, 2 be. 
 
 Bennett, Sir William Sterndale, English com¬ 
 poser, II. 531. 
 
 Bennett , Mr., emission theory of light tested 
 by him, X. 436, 2 c; 437, 1 ab. 
 
 Bennettsville , county seat, XI. 176, 2 b. 
 
 Ben Ne'vis, mountain of Scotland, II. 531. 
 
 Ben'ningsen, Levin August Theophil, count, 
 Russian general, II. 531. Alexander Levin, 
 Hanoverian statesman, 532, 1 a. Rudolf 
 von, statesman, 1 ab. 
 
 Bennington, county of Vermont, II. 532. 
 
 Bennington, township, II. 532. Battle of, 2 a. 
 
 Benno , abbot of Cluny, XI. 730, 1 ab. 
 
 Benno, Saint, bishop of Meissen, II. 532. 
 
 Beno'ni , Hebrew name, II. 528, 2 a. 
 
 Benoo'we, river of Africa, II. 532. 
 
 Benshee: see Banshee. 
 
 Benson, Carl, nom de plume, III. 291, 2 ab. 
 
 Ben'son, George, English clergyman and au¬ 
 thor, II. 532. 
 
 Benson, Joseph, English clergyman, II. 533. 
 Bent, county, II. 533. 
 
 Bentham, Jeremy [ben'-tam or ben'-tham], 
 English philosopher, II. 533. Utilitarian 
 principle of government and morals, 534, 
 2 be, 535, 2 b. Offers to prepare “ a com¬ 
 plete body of law ” for the United States, 
 536, 2 c. Talleyrand’s remark on his wealth 
 of thought, 538, 2 be. See Moral Philoso¬ 
 phy, XI. 807, 1 c, 814, 1 b. 
 
 Bentham, Thomas, English bishop, II. 538. 
 Bentinck:, English noble family, II. 539. Wil¬ 
 liam, earl of Portland, 1 a. Henry, duke 
 of Portland, ib. William, second duke, ib. 
 William Henry Cavendish, third duke, 
 1 ab. Lord William Charles Cavendish, 
 
 1 b. George Frederick Cavendish (Lord 
 George Bentinck), 2 b. Junior branch, 2 c. 
 William, lord of Rhoon and Pendrecht, ib. 
 Count William Christian Frederick, ib. 
 Charles Anthony Ferdinand, ib. Sir Henry 
 John William, ib. 
 
 Bentivoglio [ben-te-vo'-lyo], Italian family, 
 II. 540. Giovanni, lord of Bologna, 1 a. 
 Annibale, ib. Giovanni (2d), ib. Ercole, 
 poet, 1 ab. Guido, cardinal, 1 b. Cornelio, 
 cardinal, 1 be. 
 
 Bent lever , a kind of balance, II. 234, 2 b. 
 Bentley, Richard, English scholar and critic, 
 II. 540. His services to Latin scholarship, 
 X. 191, 2 ab. 
 
 Bentley, Robert, English botanist, II. 541. 
 Benton, eight counties, II. 541. 
 
 Benton, village of Wisconsin, II. 542. 
 
 Benton , county seats, VII. 434, 2 b ; XI. 198, 
 
 2 be; XIII. 679, 2 b; XIV. 565, 1 b; 707, 
 1 c. 
 
 Benton, Thomas Hart, American statesman, 
 II. 542. His personal conflict with Andrew 
 Jackson, IX. 488, 2 b. 
 
 Bcntonville , county seat, II. 541, 2 c. 
 Bentzel-Sternau, Christian Ernst, count 
 [bent'-sel-stair'-now], German author and 
 statesman, II. 543. 
 
 Benue [ben-oo'-a], river : see Benoowe. 
 Ben-yamin, or Ben-yamim: see Benjamin, II. 
 528, 2 ab. 
 
 Benzenberg [ben'-tsen-bairg], his experiments to 
 prove the earth’s rotation, VI. 359, 1 b. 
 Benzene': see Benzine. Use of the term m 
 England, II. 544, 1 c. 
 
 Benzerta: see Bizerta. 
 
 Benzie, county, II. 543. 
 
 Ben'zin: see Benzine, and Benzole. 
 
BENZINE 
 
 BERGMAN 
 
 93 
 
 Benzine [ben-zeen' or ben'-zin], in chemistry, a 
 light oil of petroleum, II. 544. Distinguished 
 from benzole, 1 b. 
 
 Benzoates [ben'-zo-ates], salts, II. 545, 1 c. 
 Benzo'ic Acid, II. 544. 
 
 Benzoin', gum benjamin, II. 545. Styrax ben¬ 
 zoin, tree yielding it, 1 c (ill.). Its uses, 
 2 be. Erroneously called a gum, ib. Source 
 of benzoic acid, 544, 2 be. 
 
 Benzoin (botany), VII. 164,1 be (ill.). 
 
 Benzol , Liebig’s name for benzine, II. 544, 1 a; 
 
 synonyme of benzole, 546, 1 a. 
 
 Benzole', a product of coal tar, II. 546. Dis¬ 
 tinguished from benzine, 544, 1 b, c. 
 Benzonia , county seat, II. 544, 1 a. 
 
 Beowulf [be-o'-woolf], Tale of: see Anglo- 
 Saxons, Language and Literature of the, I. 
 504, 2 a. 
 
 Beranger, Pierre Jean de [ba-ra ng -zha], French 
 poet, II. 546. Relations with Lucien Bona¬ 
 parte, 547, 2 a; III. 34, 2 ab. 
 
 Berar', province of British India, II. 548. 
 Berard, Joseph Frederic [ba-rar], French 
 physician, II. 548. Pierre Honore, surgeon, 
 
 549, 1 a. Auguste, surgeon, 1 b. 
 
 Berard's method of determining specific heat of 
 gases , VIII. 576, 1 a. 
 
 Beeat [ba-rat'J, town of Albania, II. 549. 
 Ber'ber, town of Nubia, II. 549. 
 
 Ber'bera, trading place of Africa, II. 549. 
 Beeberi'na, an alkaloid, II. 549. 
 
 Berberine [ber'-ber-in], (same as berberina), 
 XVI. 780, 2 be. 
 
 Ber'beris (botany), II. 300, 1 c. B. vulgaris, 
 2 a (ill.) ; berberina extracted from, 549, 2 a; 
 use for hedges, VIII. 604, 2 c. B. Canaden¬ 
 sis, II. 300, 2 ab. B. aquifolium, ib. 
 
 Berber language , I. 171, 1 b. 
 
 Berberry : see Barberry. 
 
 Berbers, African race, II. 549; 298, 1 c; I. 
 304, 1 ab; IV. 142, 1 c; X. 406, 1 be, 2 a; 
 XI. 840, 1 be. 
 
 Beebice [ber-beece'J, river of Guiana, II. 550. 
 County, 1 ab. 
 
 Berciitesgaden [bair c h'-tess-ga-den], Bavarian 
 principality, II. 550. Berchtesgaden ware, 
 2 a. Town, ib. 
 
 Berchtold V. [bair c h'-tolt], duke of Zahringen, 
 
 . 570, 1 a. Clock tow r er built by him, 2 c. 
 Bercy [bair-se], suburb of Paris, II. 550. 
 Beediansk [berd-yansk'J, town of Russia, II. 
 
 550. 
 
 Beeditcii'ev, city of Russia, II. 550. 
 
 Bere , Scotch barley, II. 316, 1 a. 
 
 Ber'eg, county of Hungary, II. 551. 
 Berenga'ria , wife of Richard Coeur de Lion, 
 XIV. 312, 2 a (bis); 313, 1 b. 
 
 Berengarius, mediaeval ecclesiastic, II. 551. 
 
 His views on the eucharist, X. 638, 2 a. 
 Berenger [ber'-en-jer], (Fr. Berenger , ba-ra ng - 
 zha): see Berengarius. 
 
 Berenger I., king of Italy, II. 551. Berenger 
 II., 2 b. 
 
 Berenice [bSr-e-ni'-se], name of several Egyp¬ 
 tian and Syrian queens and princesses, II. 552. 
 Berenice, ancient city of Egypt, II. 553. An¬ 
 cient city of Cyrenaica, 1 ab. 
 
 Beresford, James [ber'-ess-furd], English au¬ 
 thor, II. 553. 
 
 Beresford, William Carr, viscount, English 
 genera], II. £53. 
 
 Beresina [ber-ez'-e-na], river of Russia, II. 553. 
 Berezina: see Beresina. 
 
 Berezov', village of Russia, II. 554. Town of 
 Siberia, 1 a. 
 
 Berezovsh : see Berezov. 
 
 BerezowsTci [ber-eh-zov'-ske], his attempt on 
 the life of Alexander II., I. 284, 2 c; 629, 
 2 a. 
 
 Berg [bairg], duchy of Germany, II. 554. 
 Berg, Friedrich von, count, Russian general, 
 II. 554. 
 
 Bergama [bair-ga'-ma], town of Asiatic Tur¬ 
 key, II. 554; XIII. 291, 2 a. 
 
 Bergami, Bartolommeo [bair'-ga-me], courier 
 of Queen Caroline, II. 554. 
 
 Berga'mia (botany), II. 555, 2 a. 
 
 Bergamo [bair'-ga-mo], province of Italy, II. 
 
 554. Capital city, 2 c ; view, 555. 
 Ber'gamot, citron, II. 555 (ill.). Bergamot 
 pear, 2 c. 
 
 Bergen [bur'-ghen], county, II. 555. Palisades 
 (of the Hudson), 556, 1 a. 
 
 Bergen [bair'-ghen], province of Norway, II. 
 
 556. Capital city, 2 a (ill.). 
 Bergen-op-Zoom [-op-zome], town of the 
 
 Netherlands, II. 556. 
 
 Bergenrotii, Gustav [bair'-ghen-rote], Ger- 
 man-English historian, II. 557. 
 
 Bergerac [bairzh-rak], town of France, II. 
 
 557. 
 
 Bergerac, Savinien Cyrano de, French author 
 and duellist, II. 557. 
 
 Berghaus, Heinrich [bairg'-house], German 
 geographer, II. 557. 
 
 Bergiiem, Nikolaas [bair'-gliem], Dutch painter, 
 II. 557. 
 
 Bergman, Torbern 01 of [bttirg'-man], Swedish 
 
94 
 
 BERGONZI 
 
 BERNAU 
 
 chemist and naturalist, II. 558. See Chem¬ 
 istry, IV. 862, 1 a. 
 
 Bergonzi [bair-gone'-dze], family of Italian 
 violin makers, II. 558. • Carlo, 2 c. Michel 
 Angelo, 559, 1 a. Nicold, ib. 
 
 Berg-op-Zoom : see Bergen-op-Zoom. 
 
 Bergseife [bairg'-zl-feh], (mountain soap), III. 
 5, 2 c. 
 
 Bergues, or Bergues-St.-Winoc [bairg-sa ng -ve- 
 nuk], town of France, II. 559. 
 
 Bering , Vitus : see Behring. 
 
 Ber'ington, Joseph, English author, II. 559. 
 
 Beriot, Charles Auguste de [duh bair-yo], Bel¬ 
 gian violinist and composer, II. 559. 
 
 Berkeley [burk'-le], county, II. 559. 
 
 Berkeley, town of England, II. 559. Berke¬ 
 ley castle, 2 c. 
 
 Berkeley, George, Irish prelate and philoso¬ 
 pher, II. 559 ; XIII. 441, 2 h. 
 
 Berkeley, George Charles Grantley Fitz- 
 Hardinge, English sportsman and author, II. 
 560. Maurice Frederick Fitz-Hardinge, Bar¬ 
 on Fitz-Hardinge, admiral, 561, 1 a. 
 
 Berkeley, Sir William, royal governor of 
 Virginia, II. 561 ; X. 290, 1 c; XVI. 382, 
 2 b, if. 
 
 Berkeley Springs, town of Virginia, II. 561. 
 
 Berks, county of Pennsylvania, II. 561. 
 
 Berks, county of England : see Berkshire. 
 
 Berkshire [burk'-sher], county of Massachu¬ 
 setts, II. 561. 
 
 Berkshire, county of England, II. 562. 
 
 Berkshire white sand , in glass making, VIII. 
 13, 2 a. 
 
 BerlandieVs flax, X. 514, 2 ab. 
 
 Berlichingen, Gotz von [gots fon bair'-li c h- 
 ing-en], German feudal knight, II. 562. 
 
 Ber'lin [Ger. bair-leen'], capital of Prussia and 
 of the German empire, II. 563. Divisions, 
 2 a. Description, 1 c. Churches, 564, 1 b. 
 Palaces and public buildings, 2 a. Old mu¬ 
 seum, 2 b; new, 565, 1 a. Theatres, 1 b. 
 Art galleries, 2 a. Parks and resorts, 2 ab. 
 Monuments, 2 c. University, ib. Other 
 schools, 566, 1 ab. Social condition, 2 a. 
 Charity, 2 be. Industry and commerce, 
 567, 1 a. Name and history, 2 a. Illustra¬ 
 tions : general view, 563 ; statue of Freder¬ 
 ick the Great, 564; Iledwigskirche, ib .; 
 royal theatre, 565 ; royal library, 566 ; ex¬ 
 change, 567. 
 
 Berlin and Milan decrees, Napoleon’s, V. 288, 
 1 b and c ; III. 42, 2 b. Injury to American 
 interests, and excitement caused by them 
 
 and by the British orders in council, II. 725, 
 1 b; IX. 595, 1 ab; XVI. 162, 2 c. Re¬ 
 taliatory measures of congress, X. 825, 2 c. 
 Revocation of the decrees officially an¬ 
 nounced, ib., but disavowed by Napoleon, 
 826, 1 a; definitely revoked, 1 c. The de¬ 
 crees and orders in council used as party 
 watchwords, I. 100, 1 a. 
 
 Berlinghieri, Andrea Vacca [bair-lin-gya'-re], 
 Italian surgeon, II. 567. 
 
 Berlioz, Hector [bair-lyo], French composer, 
 II. 568. 
 
 Berme of a canal, III. 680,1 c. Berme bank, ib. 
 
 Bermejo [bair-ma / - k lio], river of South Ameri¬ 
 ca, II. 568. 
 
 Ber'mondsey, parish of London, II. 568. 
 
 Bermoo'thes (Bermudas), II. 569, 1 be. 
 
 Bermuda, or Long Island, II. 568, 2 b. 
 
 Bermuda grass , VIII. 168, 2 c. 
 
 Bermu'das, islands, II. 568 ; view, 569. 
 
 Bermudez, Geronimo [bair-moo'-£Aaith], Span¬ 
 ish poet, II. 569. 
 
 Bermudez, Juan, wrecked on the Bermudas, 
 II. 569, 1 b. 
 
 Bern [bairn], canton of Switzerland, II. 569. 
 Capital city, 570, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Bernadotte, Jean Baptiste Jules [bair-na-dut], 
 marshal of France and king of Sweden, II. 
 571. 
 
 Bernalil'lo [Sp. hair-na-le'-lyo], county of 
 New Mexico, II. 572. 
 
 Ber'nard [Fr. bair-nar], saint and doctor of 
 the Latin church, II. 572. See Templars, 
 XV. 634, 1 c, 635, 1 a. 
 
 Bernard, Claude, French physiologist, II. 574. 
 
 Bernard, Sir Francis, English colonial gover¬ 
 nor, II. 575. 
 
 Bernard, Jacques, French writer, II. 575. 
 
 Bernard, John, English comedian, II. 575. 
 William Bayle, dramatist, 2 a. 
 
 Bernard, Saint, Great and Little: see Saint 
 Bernard. 
 
 Bernard, Simon, French general and engineer, 
 II. 575. 
 
 Bernardin of Siena, Saint, II. 575. 
 
 Bernardin de Saint-Pierre [bair-nar-da ng dull 
 sa ng -pyair]: see Saint-Pierre. 
 
 Bernardines [ber'-nar-dins], Cistercian monks 
 and nuns, II. 576 ; IV. 614, 1 a. 
 
 Bernardino road [bair-nar-de'-no], Alpine pass, 
 I. 354, 2 ab. 
 
 Bernar'do del Car'pio, Spanish hero, II. 576. 
 
 Bernard of Treviso, Italian alchemist, II. 575. 
 
 Bernau [bair'-now], town of Prussia, II. 576. 
 
BERNAUER 
 
 BERTRAND 
 
 95 
 
 Bernauer, Agnes [bair'-now-er], her tragical 
 story, II. 570. 
 
 Bcrnaville [bair-na-veel], governor of the Bas- 
 tile, allusion to, II. 376, 1 a. 
 
 Bernay [bair-na], town of France, II. 576. 
 Berxburg- [bairn'-boorg], town of Germany, 
 II. 576 (ill.). 
 
 Berne : see Bern. 
 
 Ber'ners, Lady Juliana, English author, II. 577. 
 Berners, John Bourchier, baron, English 
 statesman, II. 577. 
 
 Berxetti [bair-net'-te], Tommaso, Italian car¬ 
 dinal and statesman, II. 577. 
 
 Bernhard [bairn'-hart], duke of SaxeAVeimar, 
 German Protestant general, II. 577. 
 Berxiiard, Karl (pseudonyme), Danish novel¬ 
 ist, II. 577. 
 
 Berni, Francesco [bair'-ne], Italian poet, II. 577. 
 Ber'nicla (ornithology), species of, VIII. 106, 
 
 1 b. B. Canadensis, 2 a (ill.). B. brenta, 
 107, 1 b (ill.). B. leucopsis, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Berxier, Frangois [bair-nya], French traveller 
 and philosopher, II. 578. 
 
 Berxina [bair-ne'-na], peak and range of the 
 Alps, II. 578. Bernina pass, ib.; road, I. 
 354, 2 b. 
 
 Berxixi, Giovanni Lorenzo [bair-ne'-ne], Ital¬ 
 ian sculptor and architect, II. 578. 
 
 Berxis, Frangois Joachim de Pierres de [bair- 
 ne], French cardinal and statesman, II. 578. 
 Bernouilli: see Bernoulli. 
 
 Berxoulli, or Bernouilli [bair-nool-ye], family 
 of mathematicians and savants, II. 578. 
 James, 1 c. John, 579, 1 ab. Daniel, 1 c. 
 Nicholas, 2 b. John (two), ib. James, 2 c. 
 Nicholas, ib. Jerome, 580, 1 a. Chris¬ 
 topher, ib. See Clepsydra, IV. 670, 1 b. 
 Bernoulli , elastic curve of, VI. 489, 1 c. 
 Berxstorff, Johann ITartwig Ernst, count 
 [bairn'-storf], Danish statesman, II. 580. 
 Andreas Peter, count, statesman, 1 c; VII. 
 449, 2 c. 
 
 Bercea [be-re'-a], name of two ancient towns, 
 II. 580. See Veria. 
 
 Beroid medusae , acaleplis, V. 543, 1 a. 
 Bero'sus, Babylonian (Chaldean) historian, II. 
 580; IV. 229, 1 b. Dial of, VI. 68, 1 a; 70, 
 
 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Bero'thah , town, Biblical, II. 602, 1 c. 
 Berothai [be-ro'-tha-i]: see Berothah (Index). 
 Berquix, Arnaud [bair-ka ng ], French author, 
 II. 580. 
 
 Berri: see Berry. 
 
 Ber'rien, two counties, II. 581. 
 
 Berriex, John Macpherson, American states¬ 
 man, II. 581. 
 
 Berrien Springs , county seat, II. 581, 1 b. 
 
 Berry , fruit: see Plant, XIII. 591, 1 a. 
 
 Berry, former province of France, II. 581. 
 
 Berry, Marie Louise Elisabeth, duchess of, II. 
 581. Charles Ferdinand, duke of, 2 b. Marie 
 Caroline Ferdinande Louise, duchess of, 
 2 be. 
 
 Berry, Mary, English writer, II. 582. Agnes, ib. 
 
 Berryer, Antoine Pierre [bair-re-ya], French 
 advocate and statesman, II. 582. 
 
 Berryville, county seat, IV. 637, 2 c. 
 
 Ber'serkers, Scandinavian warriors, II. 583. 
 
 Bertha , queen of Kent, aids in establishing 
 Christianity in Great Britain, VI. 744, 2 be; 
 445, 2 be. 
 
 Bertiielot, Pierre Eugene Marcellin [bairt-lo], 
 French chemist, II. 583. His preparation of 
 carbolic acid from acetylene, III. 769, 1 be; 
 of organic compounds by combining simpler, 
 IV. 369, 2 c. 
 
 Berthelsdorf [bair'-tels-dorf], village of Sax¬ 
 ony, II. 583. 
 
 Bertjeiier [Fr. bair-tya], county of Canada, II. 
 583. 
 
 Berthier, Jean Ferdinand, French deaf-mute 
 teacher, II. 583. 
 
 Berthier, Louis Alexandre, French soldier, 
 II. 583. Napoleon Louis Joseph Alexandre 
 Charles, 584, 1 be. 
 
 Berihold [bair-told], count of Limoges, crusa¬ 
 der, founder of the Carmelites, III. 800,1 a. 
 
 Berthold , Ernst , pseudonyme, XIV. 2 ab. 
 
 Berthold of Ratisbon [bair'-tolt], German 
 preacher, II. 584. 
 
 Berthollet, Claude Louis [bair-tul-la], French 
 chemist, II. 584. See Chemistry, IV. 364, 
 1 b, ff.; 365, 1 a, c, 2 ab. Experiments on 
 explosives, VII. 38,1 b ; narrow escape, ib .— 
 Amedee, chemist, II. 585, 1 b. His self-suf¬ 
 focation, 1 be; III. 774, 1 ab. 
 
 Bertholletia excelsa (botany), III. 223, 2 c. 
 
 Ber'tie, county, II. 585. 
 
 Bertin, Louis Frangois [biiir-ta ng ], French jour¬ 
 nalist, II. 585. Louis Marie Armand, 2 be. 
 Edouard Frangois, 2 c. Louise Ang61ique, 
 composer and poetess, ib. (died 1877). 
 
 Bertixi, Henri [bair-te-ne], pianist and com¬ 
 poser, II. 585. 
 
 Bertrand, Henri Gratien, count [bair-tra ng ], 
 French soldier, II. 586. Alexandre Arthur 
 Henri, 1 c. 
 
 Bertrand de Born: see Born. 
 
96 
 
 BERULLE 
 
 b£ton 
 
 Beeulle, Pierre de [ba-riil], Frencli cardinal 
 and statesman, II. 586. 
 
 Beewick, James Fitz-James, duke of [b&r'-ik], 
 II. 586. James Francis, duke of Liria and 
 Xerica, 2 c. Duke de Fitz-James, ib. 
 Beewick-on-Tweed, town of England, II. 586; 
 
 view, 587. Duke of: see Beewick. 
 Beewickshiee [ber'-ik-sher], county of Scot¬ 
 land, II. 587. 
 
 Bee'yl, precious stone, II. 588. The largest 
 known, 1 c. 
 
 Beey'tus : see Beyeoitt. 
 
 Beeze'lius, Johan Jakob, baron, Swedish chem¬ 
 ist, II. 588. Ilis chemical notation, 87, 2 b; 
 organic chemistry, 2 c. His chemical dog¬ 
 ma overthrown, 583,1 c. His balance beam, 
 234, 1 a. His improvement of the blowpipe, 
 748, 1 c. See Chemistey, IV. 367,1 be, 2 a, 
 ff.; Mineealogy, XI. 590, 1 a. 
 
 Berzelius lamp , II. 589, 1 b. 
 
 Beezsenyi, Daniel [ber'-zhen-ye], Hungarian 
 poet, II. 589. 
 
 BESANgoN [buh-za ng -so ng ], town of France, II. 
 590 (ill.). 
 
 Besboeod'ko, Alexander Andreyevitch, prince, 
 Russian statesman, II. 590, 
 
 Bescheeelle, Louis Nicolas, ain6 [ba-shrel], 
 French lexicographer and grammarian, II. 
 
 590. Bescherelle jeune, 2 be. 
 
 Besitun [ba-se-toon']: see Behistun. 
 Bessaeaba [bes-sa'-ra-ba], family of, II. 590. 
 
 Rudolph the Black, 2 c. Mirce or Mirxa, 
 ib. Michael II., the Brave, ib. Matthew 
 Brancovan, 591, 1 a. Constantine II. Bran- 
 covan, ib. 
 
 Bessaea'bia, province of Russia, II. 591. 
 Bessa'eion, John or Basil, Greek scholar, II. 
 
 591. 
 
 Bes'sel, Friedrich Wilhelm, German astrono¬ 
 mer, II. 591. 
 
 Bessemee, Henry, English engineer, II. 592. 
 His method of compressing coal dust, VII. 
 518, 1 ab. His process for the manufacture 
 of steel, XV. 358, 2 c; description of, 359, 
 
 1 c, ff. (ills., 359-’61); compared with the 
 Martin process, 363, 1 c. 
 
 Bessemer steel , XV. 356, 1 b, 2 ab, c; 357, 1 ab. 
 
 Rails of, 362, 1 a. See Bessemee. x 
 Bessieees, Jean Baptiste [ba-se-air], French 
 soldier, II. 592. 
 
 Bestia , L. Calpurniuo , referred to, IV. 120, 
 
 2 b. 
 
 Bestusewi tinctura tonica , inventor of, II. 593, 
 
 1 a. 
 
 Bestuzheff, Alexander [bes-too'-zhef], Russian 
 poet and patriot, II. 592. 
 
 Bestuzheff-Riumin [-rew-min'], Russian fam¬ 
 ily, II. 592. Peter Mikhailovitch, count, 2 b. 
 Mikhail, grand marshal, ib. Alexei, count, 2 c. 
 
 Betanqos, Domingo de [ba-tan'-soce], Spanish 
 missionary, II. 593. 
 
 Betancurt [ba-tan-koort'J, Spanish family, ori¬ 
 gin of, II. 594, 2 b. Fray Pedro de, founder 
 of the Bethlehemites, 596, 1 ab. 
 
 Be'ta vulga'ris (botany), II. 471, 1 a (ill.). B. 
 altissima, 1 c. B. cycla, 2 be (ill.). B. mari- 
 tima, 472, 1 a. 
 
 Be'tel Nut, II. 593. Betel pepper, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Bete rouge [bait roozh], parasite, of Martinique, 
 VI. 695, 2 c. 
 
 Beth'am, Sir William, English antiquary, II. 
 593. Rev. William, author, 2 a. 
 
 BetWany, village of ancient Palestine, II. 593 
 (ilk). 
 
 Bethany, village of West Virginia, II. 594. 
 Bethany college, 1 a. 
 
 Beth'el, city of ancient Palestine, II. 594 (ill.). 
 
 Bethel, town of Maine, II. 594. 
 
 Bethel community , XV. 140, 2 b. 
 
 Bethencouet, Jean, seigneur de [ba-ta ng -koor], 
 French navigator, II. 594. 
 
 Bethes'da, ancient pool or fountain, II. 594; 
 IX. 615, 2 be. 
 
 Beth hammidrash: see Synagogue, XV. 540,1 b. 
 
 Beth-Ho'eon, Upper and Lower, two villages 
 of ancient Palestine, II. 594. 
 
 Betii'lehem, ancient town of Palestine, II. 
 594; ills., 595. 
 
 Bethlehem, borough of Pennsylvania, II. 595. 
 
 Bethlehemite nuns , II. 596, 1 b. 
 
 Bethlehemites, two religious orders, II. 596. 
 
 Bethlen, Gabor [bet'-len], prince of Transyl¬ 
 vania, II. 596. 
 
 BETnpnAGE [beth'-fa-ghe], Palestine, II. 596. 
 
 Beth-phalce , II. 596, 2 a (Betiipiiage). 
 
 Bethroot , plant, XV. 867, 1 ab. 
 
 Bethsai'da, Palestine, II. 596 (ill.). 
 
 Beth'san , village of Palestine, XIV. 726, 2 a. 
 
 Bethshe’an , village of Palestine, XIV. 726, 2 a. 
 
 Beth'shemesh, city of Egypt, VIII. 619, 1 c. 
 
 Betiiune [ba-tiin], town of France, II. 597. 
 
 Bethune\ David: see Beaton. 
 
 Betiiune, George Washington, D. D., Ameri¬ 
 can clergyman and author, II. 597. 
 
 Betlis [bet-lees'], town of Turkey, II. 597. 
 
 Beton [Fr. ba-to ng ], a kind of concrete, V. 209, 
 1 a. B6ton agglomere [ag-gluh-ma-ra], 1 b. 
 Examples of its use, 2 a, ff. 
 
BETON 
 
 BIIURTPOOR 
 
 97 
 
 Be' ton , David: see Beaton. 
 
 Betroth'ment, II. 597. In ancient times, 2 a. 
 Decree of the council of Trent, 2 b. In 
 France, 2 c. In England, ib. In Scotland, 
 598,1 a. In Germany, 1 ab. In the United 
 States, 1 b. Among some semi-civilized 
 races, 1 he. 
 
 Betsibooka, river of Madagascar, X. 809, 2 c. 
 
 Betsileos , tribe of Madagascar, X. 811,1 a. 
 
 Betsimasakaras , tribe of Madagascar, X. 811,1 a. 
 
 Bet'terton, Thomas, English actor, II. 598. 
 
 Bettina von Arnim: see Arnim, I. 758, 1 c. 
 
 Bettinel'li, Saverio, Italian author, II. 598. 
 
 Bettt, William Henry West, English actor, II. 
 598 (died 1874). Henry, 2 c. 
 
 Bet'ula (botany), II. 647, 1 a. B. alba, 1 c 
 (ills.). B. pendula, 2 b (ill.)* B. lenta, 648, 
 1 a. B. papyracea, ib. B. nigra, 1 b. B. 
 nana, ib. 
 
 Betwah', river of Hindostan, II. 598. 
 
 Beudant (Francois Sulpice, 1787-1850), [biih- 
 da nfr ], his classification of minerals, XI. 590,1 b. 
 
 Beukels, or Beukelszoon, Willem [bnh'-kels, 
 -zone], Dutch fisherman, II. 598. 
 
 Beulah , county seat, III. 7, 1 b. 
 
 Beule, Charles Ernest [biih-la], French archae¬ 
 ologist, II. 599. (Died 1874.) 
 
 Beurnonville, Pierre de Ruel, marquis de 
 [buhr-no n? -veel], French soldier, II. 599. 
 Etienne Martin, 1 c. 
 
 Bettst, Friedrich Ferdinand von, count [fon 
 hoist], German statesman, II. 599. His re¬ 
 construction of the Austrian empire, 150, 
 1 a, ff. His project of a federal constitution 
 for Germany, VII. 756, 2 c. 
 
 Beuthen [boi'-ten], two towns of Prussia, II. 
 600. 
 
 Beuvron, marquis de [du.h buh-vro ng ], French 
 duellist, III. 161, 2 c. 
 
 Beveland, North and South [ba'-veh-lant], 
 islands of Holland, II. 600. 
 
 Beveren [ba'-ver-en], borough of Belgium, II. 
 600. 
 
 Bev'eridge, William, English prelate, II. 600. 
 On Isidore Mercator’s collection of canons, 
 
 III. 718, 2 c. 
 
 Bev'erley, borough of England, II. 600. 
 
 Beverley, John of, prelate, II. 600. 
 
 Beverly, town of Massachusetts, II. 600. 
 
 Beverly, county seat, XIV. 199, 1 a. 
 
 Bew'ick, Thomas, English wood engraver and 
 author, II. 601. John, 1 b (bis). 
 
 Bexar [ba-ar'; Sp. ba- k har'], county, II. 601. 
 
 Bexar District, Texas, II. 601. 
 
 7 
 
 Bexley, Lord : see Vansittart, Nicholas. 
 
 Bey [ba], title: see Beg; Tripoli, XY. 872, 
 2 ab; Tunis, XYI. 31, 1 b. 
 
 Beykaneer [ba-ka-neer']: see Bickaneer. 
 Beyle, Marie Henri [bail], French author, II. 
 601; IY. 17, 2 a. 
 
 Beylol Lodi , Afghan military chief, IX. 208, 
 
 1 be. 
 
 Beypasha [ba'-pa-sha]: see BeasL 
 Beyra : see Beira. 
 
 Beyrout [ba-root'], town of Syria, II. 601; 
 view, 602. 
 
 Beysheher : see Begsiteiier. 
 
 Be'za, Theodore de, French reformer, II. 603. 
 Bezanozano , the , class of Madagascans, X. 811, 
 
 2 ab. 
 
 Bezant', in heraldry, YIII. 672, 2 c. 
 
 Bezant'lers (of the deer), Y. 756, 2 b. 
 
 Beza’s Codex, II. 603; XI. 133, 1 c. 
 
 Beze, Theodore de [duh baiz]: see Beza. 
 Beziers [ba-ze-a], town of France, II. 603. Ca¬ 
 thedral of St. Nazaire, 2 c (ill., 604). Slaugh¬ 
 ter of Albigenses at, 604,1 b, and I. 253,1 b. 
 Bez'il (of the diamond), YI. 75, 1 b. 
 
 Be'zoar, calculus used as a charm, II. 604. 
 Bhadrinath [ba-dre-nat'], town of British In¬ 
 dia, II. 604. 
 
 Bhagerut Bow Sindia, sovereign of Gwalio^ 
 YIII. 349, 1 a. 
 
 Bhagirathi [ba-ghe-ra'-te], source of the Gan¬ 
 ges, YII. 609, 1 c. 
 
 Bhainsa [bine'-sa], tame buffalo, III. 410, 2 a. 
 Bhalbuns, bastard Brahmans, IX. 213, 2 c. 
 Bhamo [ba-mo'], town of Burmah, II. 604. 
 Bhanmo : see Bhamo. 
 
 Bhartrihari [bar-tre-ha'-re; Hind, b’hur-tre- 
 hiir'-e], Hindoo poet, II. 604. 
 
 Bhashyas , commentaries on the Yedas, IX. 
 229, 1 ab. 
 
 Bhatgan [bat-gan'], town of nindostan, II. 605. 
 Bhatgong: see Bhatgan. 
 
 Bhaugulpore' : see Boglipoor. 
 
 Bhawalpoor [baw-al-poor'], state of Hindos¬ 
 tan, II. 605. Town, 1 c. 
 
 Bheels, tribe of India, II. 605; Y. 197, 2 c; 
 IX. 215, 1 a. 
 
 Bhomiyah [bo-me'-ya], title, II. 605, 2 ab. 
 Bhooj, city of Hindostan, II. 605. 
 
 Bhopaiil', state of Hindostan, II. 605. Town, 
 2 c. 
 
 Bhotan : see Bootan. 
 
 Bhotanta language, XY. 705, 1 b. 
 
 Bhhrtpoor', state of Hindostan, II. 606. Cap¬ 
 ital city, 1 a (ill.). 
 
98 
 
 BHURTPORE 
 
 BICHE 
 
 Bhurtpore: see Bhurtpoor. 
 
 Biafra [be-af'-ra], kingdom of Africa, II. 606. 
 Bight of, 1 c. 
 
 Bialystok [bya-le-stok'], town of Russia, II. 
 606. 
 
 Biamri [be-am'-re], Arabic title, III. 617, 2 a. 
 
 Bianchi [byan'-ke], (whites), Ghibelline faction 
 at Florence, V, 670, 2 c, ff.; VII. 277, 2 a; 
 VIII. 297, 1 b. 
 
 Bianohini, Francesco [byan-ke'-ne], Italian as¬ 
 tronomer and author, II. 606. 
 
 Biard, Auguste Francois [byar], French paint¬ 
 er, II. 607. L6onie d’Aunet, writer, 1 c. 
 
 Biarritz [byar-reets], bathing place of France, 
 II. 607. Villa Eugenie, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Bi'as, mythical, II. 607. Of Priene, one of the 
 seven wise men, 2 b. 
 
 Bias, a cotton cloth, I. 227, 1 c. 
 
 Biaxial crystals , in optics, X. 441, 2 a; 449, 
 
 1 a, 2 a (ills.); 451, 2 a, ff.(ills.). 
 
 Biban pass, Atlas mountains, II. 81, 1 be. 
 
 Bibars [be'-bars], sultan of Egypt, III. 617, 2 be. 
 
 Bibb, two counties, II. 607. 
 
 Bibbiena, Ferdinando Galli da [beeb-bya'-na], 
 Italian architect and painter, II. 608. Gio¬ 
 vanni Maria, Francesco, and Antonio, 1 b. 
 
 Bibee, George Everard [be'-ber], English cler¬ 
 gyman and author, II. 608. 
 
 Biberach [be'-ber-a k h], town of Wtirtemberg, 
 II. 608. 
 
 Bibesco, George Demetrius, prince [be-bes'-ko], 
 Wallachian statesman, II. 608. Barbo De¬ 
 metrius Stirbey, hospodar, 2 ab. Nicholas, 
 
 2 b. 
 
 Bibijagua [be-be- k ha'-gwa], ant, V. 546, 1 c. 
 
 Bibiru baric [be-be'-roo], VIII. 231, 1 ab. See 
 Bebeerine. 
 
 Bible, II. 608. Order of books in the Old 
 Testament, 2 c. Divisions, historical, poeti¬ 
 cal, prophetical, 609, 1 a. New Testament 
 books, 2 b. Manuscript Hebrew text, and Ma- 
 sora, 609, 2 c; printed, 610, 2 a. Manuscript 
 Greek text of the New Testament, 611, 1 c; 
 printed, 612, 2 b. Ancient translations of 
 the Old Testament, 613, 1 b. Modern ver¬ 
 sions of the Bible, 2 c. (See Bible transla¬ 
 tions, Index.) Revision of the authorized 
 English version, 614, 2 a. Former destitu¬ 
 tion and cost of the Bible, 618, 2 a. First 
 printing of it, 614, 1 b; XIII. 846, 2 a. 
 
 Bible Christians , Methodist sect, XI. 454, 1 be. 
 
 Bible Societies, II. 614. British and foreign, 
 2 c; 615,1 c; X. 600, 2 c. Roman Catholic, 
 II. 615, 1 be. Russian, 1 c; I. 282, 2 c. In 
 
 the United States, II. 615, 2 a. American 
 Bible society, ib .; its revised text of the 
 English Bible, 616, 1 b. American and for¬ 
 eign, 2 b. American Bible union, 617, 1 a. 
 Bible revision association, 2 a. Controversy 
 about the circulation of the Apocrypha, ib c 
 Bible translations. Greek (Septuagint), II, 
 613, 1 b. Chaldee (O. T.), 1 c; XV. 571, 
 1 b. Samaritan (Pentateuch), II. 613, 1 c; 
 XIV. 590, 1 b. Syriac (Peshito), II. 613, 
 
 1 c; XV. 548, 1 c. Latin (Vulgate), II. 613, 
 
 2 a-c; IX. 608, 1 be, 2 a (Jerome). Latin 
 (Itala), II. 613, 2 a, b; X. 200, 1 b. Ethio- 
 pic, I. 49, 1 c; VI. 752, 1 c. Amharic, I. 
 49, 1 c; VI. 753, 1 a. Coptic, V. 333, 1 a. 
 Gothic, VII. 762, 2 c; VIII. 125, 1 c; XVI. 
 104,1 a (Ulfilas). Old Slavic, V. 620,1 ab, 
 2 a; XV. 104, 1 ab. Armenian, I. 727, 1 c. 
 Georgian, VII. 729, 2 a. Anglo-Saxon, I. 
 505, 2 b; II. 614, 1 ab (Saxon). English, 
 II. 614,1 ab (see names there referred to, and 
 Rogers, John, XIV. 387). German (Lu¬ 
 ther’s), II. 613, 2 c; VII. 764, 1 b; X. 728, 
 
 1 a, 730, 1 ab. Bohemian, II. 789, 1 a; XI. 
 818, 2 b. Dutch, XII. 252, 1 a. Spanish 
 (first), I. 296, 1 a. Italian (Diodati’s), VI, 
 120, 1 ab. Icelandic (first complete edition), 
 IX. 156, 1 a. Danish, VI. 17, 2 b. Welsh, 
 IV. 179, 2 ab. Indian (Eliot’s), VI. 528, 2 a. 
 
 Biblia Hexapla, Origen’s: see Polyglot, XIII. 
 687, 1 c. 
 
 Biblical traditions among the Karens, IX. 768, 
 
 2 b. 
 
 Bibliog'eaphy, II. 618. Bibliographical works, 
 619, 1 b, ff. Earliest English treatise on it, 
 119, 1 c. 
 
 Biblioma'nia, II. 621. 
 
 Bibliothe'ca Palati'na , section of the Vatican 
 library, VIII. 613, 1 c. 
 
 .Bibliotheca Sacra, periodical, XIII. 301, 2 c. 
 Bibra, Ernst von, baron [fon be'-bra], German 
 naturalist, II. 622. 
 
 Bibrac'te : see Autun. 
 
 Bi'brax Suesso'num: see Laon. 
 
 Bicarburetted hydrogen , Faraday’s name for 
 benzine, II. 544, 1 a. 
 
 Bicetee [be-saitr’J, village of France, II. 622. 
 Hospital of, 2 c. 
 
 Biohat, Marie Francois Xavier [be-sha], French 
 anatomist and physiologist, II. 623. Hi9 
 classification of the organs of the body, I. 
 461, 1 be and c. 
 
 Biche de Mer [beesh duh mair]: see Sea Cu 
 cumber, XIV. 728, 2 be. 
 
BICHLORIDE 
 
 BIIIAR 
 
 99 
 
 Bichloride of methylene: see Chloro-Methyl. 
 Biei [be'-se], bird, A T II. 110, 2 b. 
 
 Bickaneer', state of Hindostan, II. 623. Capi¬ 
 tal town, 624, 1 a. 
 
 BicJcern, small anvil, I. 579, 1 a. 
 
 Bick'erstaff, Isaac, English dramatist, II. 
 624. 
 
 Bickerstetii, Edward, English clergyman, II. 
 624. Henry, Lord Langdale, lawyer, 1 c. 
 Edward, clergyman, ib. Robert, bishop, 
 2 a. Edward Henry, clergyman and poet, 
 2 ab. 
 
 Bidas'pes , river, IX. 639, 2 c (Jhylum). 
 Bidasso'a, river of Spain, II. 624. 
 
 Bid'deford, city of Maine, II. 624. 
 
 Biddellians , sect, II. 626, 1 b. 
 
 Biddings , dumb , at auction, II. 103, 1 a. 
 Biddle, Clement, American soldier, II. 625. 
 
 Clement Cornell, political economist, 1 c. 
 Biddle, James, American naval officer, II. 625. 
 Biddle, John, English theologian, II. 625. 
 Biddle, Nicholas, American naval officer, II. 
 626. 
 
 Biddle, Nicholas, American banker, II. 626. 
 Biddle, Richard, American lawyer, II. 627. 
 His memoir on Sebastian Cabot, III. 531, 
 1 b. 
 
 Bid'eford, seaport of England, II. 627. 
 
 Bidloo, Godfried [bid'-lo], Dutch anatomist, 
 II. 627. 
 
 Bidpay [bid'-pi], reputed author of Hindoo 
 fables, II. 627. 
 
 Bieberich [be'-ber-i c h]: see Biebrich. 
 
 Biebrich [be'-bri c h], town of Prussia, II. 627. 
 Biefve, Edouard de [byef], French painter, II. 
 
 627. 
 
 Biel [beel]: see Bienne. 
 
 Biel, Saxon divinity, II. 628, 2 b. 
 
 Biela, Wilhelm von [be'-la], German soldier 
 and astronomer, II. 627. Biela’s comet, 
 
 628, 1 a; Y. 141, 1 a. 
 
 Bielefeld [be'-lSh-felt], town of Prussia, II. 
 628. 
 
 Bielersee [be'-ler-za], lake, II. 629,1 a (Bienne). 
 Bielev [byel-ev'], town of Russia, II. 628. 
 Bielgorod [byel-go-rod']: see Belgorod. 
 Bielina [bya-le'-na], fortress of Bosnia, III. 
 112, 1 ab. 
 
 Bielitz [be'-lits], town of Austria, II. 628. 
 Old Bielitz, 1 c. 
 
 Biella [byel'-la], town of Italy, II. 628. 
 BielostoJc: see Bialystok. 
 
 Bielowski, August [byel-ov'-ske], Polish writer, 
 II. 628. 
 
 BiELsnonLE [beels'-ho-leh], cave in the Ilartz, 
 II. 628; VIII. 493, 2 c. 
 
 Bielski, Marcin [byel'-ske], Polish historian, 
 II. 628. 
 
 Bielstein [beel'-stine], mountain, II. 628, 2 b. 
 Bienne [byen], town of Switzerland, II. 628. 
 Lake of, 629, 1 a. 
 
 Bienville [be-en'-vil], parish of Louisiana, II. 
 629. 
 
 Bienville, Jean Baptiste Lemoine (Le Moyne), 
 sieur de [bya ng -veel], governor of Louisiana, 
 II. 629. Francois Le Moyne, sieur de, X. 338, 
 
 1 c. 
 
 Biere [byair], forest of, VII. 304* 2 ab. 
 Biernacki, Aloizy Prosper [bySr-nats'-ke], Po¬ 
 lish agricultural reformer, II. 630. Jozef, 
 patriot, 1 ab. 
 
 Bierstadt, Albert [beer'-stat], American artist, 
 II. 630. 
 
 Bies-Bosch [beece'-bosk], marshy lake, Nether¬ 
 lands, II. 630. 
 
 Bievre [byaivr’], forest of, VII. 304, 2 ab. 
 Bievre , stream in Paris, VIII. 59, 1 b (bis). 
 Bifrcista [be-fras'-ta], in Scandinavian mythol¬ 
 ogy, XII. 120, 1 b. 
 
 Big'amy, II. 630; XIII. 687, 1 a. 
 
 Big Beaver , island, Lake Michigan, II. 436, 
 
 1 c. 
 
 Big Ben , bell, London, X. 610, 1 a. 
 
 Big Black River, Mississippi, II. 630. 
 
 Big Bone Lick, Kentucky, II. 630. 
 
 Bigelow, Erastus Brigham [big'-e-lo], Ameri¬ 
 can inventor, II. 630. His improvement of 
 the power loom for carpet weaving, IV. 20, 
 
 2 b, ff.; XVI. 525, 2 c. 
 
 Bigelow, Jacob, American physician, II. 631. 
 Bigelow, John, American journalist and au¬ 
 thor, II. 631. 
 
 Bigelow, Timothy, American lawyer, II. 631. 
 Big figure, in faro, VII. 89, 2 a. 
 
 Bigg , Scottish barley, II. 316,1 a; III. 257,1 c. 
 Big Horn : see Sheep, XIV. 837, 2 a. 
 
 Big Horn, county, II. 631. 
 
 Big Horn River, II. 631. 
 
 Big Horn range , Rocky mountains, XIV. 375, 
 2 c. 
 
 Bignonia (botany), XVI. 15, 2 c. B. capreo- 
 lata, 16, 1 c. B. venusta, 2 a. 
 
 Bigordi , Domenico , painter: see Ghirlandaio. 
 Big Rapids , county seat, XI. 331, 2 c. 
 
 Big Stone, county, II. 632. 
 
 Big tree grove (“ the big trees ”), III. 567, 1 c 
 (Calaveras). See Sequoia. 
 
 Biiiar [be'-hor], county of Hungary, II. 632. 
 
100 
 
 BIJANAGUR 
 
 BINGERLOCH 
 
 Bijanagur [be-ja-na-gur'], city of India, II. 
 632. 
 
 Bijawur [be-jaw'-er], state of Hindostan, II. 
 
 632. 
 
 JBil : see Belus. 
 
 Bilateral disease, III. 310, 2 b. 
 
 Bilateral operation, for the stone, XY. 398, 
 2 c; 399, 1 a. 
 
 Bilbao [beel-ba'-o or -bow'], city of Spain, II. 
 632 (ill.). 
 
 Bilberry, shrub, II. 633 (ill.). 
 
 Bil'Mlis , ancient town, III. 567, 1 a. 
 Bilderdijk, Willem [bil'-der-dike], Dutch popt, 
 II. 633. His second wife, poetess, 2 b. 
 
 Bile, II. 633. Its chemical composition, 2 be. 
 Its functions, 634, 1 c, ff., and IV. 514, 2 b 
 (Cholesterine). 
 
 Bile duct , common, VII. 574, 2 ab. 
 
 Biled-ul-Jerid : see Beled-ul-Jerid. 
 Bilfinger, Georg Bernhard [bil'-fing-er], Ger¬ 
 man philosopher, II. 636. 
 
 Bilgeways , in a ship, XIY. 864, 1 a. 
 
 Bilguer, Paul Rudolf von [bil'-gair], German 
 chess player, II. 636. 
 
 Biliary concretions (calculi), [bil'-ya-re], III. 
 
 570, 1 c; IY. 514, 1 be. 
 
 Biliary Dijots, II. 636 ; X. 536, 2 c. 
 
 Biliary fat, IY. 514, 1 ab. 
 
 Biliary sugar (picromel), II. 634,1 c. 
 
 Bilin [be-leen'], town of Bohemia, II. 636. 
 Biline [bil'-in], in bile, II. 634, 1 c. 
 
 Bilious Fever, II. 637. Bilious attack, ib., 
 and XY. 397, 1 be. 
 
 Bilit [be-leet']: see Mylitta. 
 
 Biliverdine [bi-liv'-er-din], (bile pigment), II. 
 
 633, 2 c; 634, 1 b and c. 
 
 j BiTkis, reputed queen of Sheba, I. 620, 2 c. 
 Bill, in legislation, II. 637. Public bill, 2 b. 
 Private bills, 638, 1 a. Money bills, 2 b. 
 Form of bills, 639, 1 a. 
 
 Bill, infantry weapon of the middle ages, II. 
 
 639 (ill.); I. 735, 1 b. 
 
 Bill, of an anchor, I. 465, 1 a. 
 
 Bill booh, in bookkeeping, III. 81, 1 a. 
 
 Bill of Credit, II. 639. 
 
 Bill in Equity, II. 639. 
 
 Bill of Exchange : see Exchange, and I. 56, 
 1 a (Acceptance). Rules of presentation, 
 ib. Liability of acceptor and holder, 57, 2 c. 
 Protest of foreign or inland bills, 58, 1 a. 
 Bell of Health : see Quarantine, XIY. 129, 
 1 ab. 
 
 Bill of Indictment : see Indictment. 
 
 Bill of Lading, II. 640. 
 
 Bill of the papal guarantees, by the Italian 
 parliament, IX. 454, 2 a. 
 
 Bill of Rights, in the constitutional law of 
 England, II. 640; of the United States, 2 b. 
 Bill of Sale, II. 640. 
 
 Billah, Arabic title, III. 617, 2 a. 
 
 Billaud-Yarenne, Jean Nicolas [be-yo va- 
 ren], French revolutionist, II. 640. 
 
 Bil'le, Steen Andersen, Danish naval officer, 
 II. 641. 
 
 Billet, in heraldry, YIII. 672, 2 b. See plate 
 (after p. 670) on the left. 
 
 Billiards [bil'-yurdz], II. 641. Best manual 
 for playing, 643, 1 a. Billiard tables, 641, 
 1 be, ff. Cushion and ball (ill.), 1 c. Car¬ 
 om table, 2 b (ilk). Cue and mace, 2 c 
 (ill.). Position of the hand, 642, 1 a (ill.). 
 Six-pocket table (ill.), 2 b. 
 
 Billings, Joseph, English navigator, II. 643. 
 Billings, William, American composer, II. 643. 
 Billingsgate, fish market of London, X. 613, 2 c. 
 Billington, Elizabeth, English singer, II. 643. 
 Billiton', East Indian island, II. 643. 
 
 Billon [bil'-lone; Fr. be-yo ng ], debased silver, 
 
 XII. 535, 2 b. 
 
 Billroth [bil'-rote], (Theodor, born 1829), his 
 theory of inflammation, IX. 276, 2 c. On 
 bacteria, XY. 285, 1 ab. 
 
 Bills receiwMe, in bookkeeping, III. 80, 2 a. 
 
 Bills payable, ib. 
 
 Billy-biter, bird, XY. 775, 1 c. 
 
 Bilon, kind of madder, X. 816, 1 c. 
 
 Bilson, Thomas, English divine and author, 
 II. 643. 
 
 Bilsted, tree, X. 518, 2 a. 
 
 Bilston, town of England, II. 643. 
 
 Bima [be'-ma], state of Sumbawa, II. 644. 
 
 Bim bashi, Turkish military rank, XI. 361, 1 b. 
 Bimini [be-me'-ne], imaginary island, II. 644. 
 Bi'nary Arithmetic : see Arithmetic, I. 708, 
 
 1 c. Binary scale of numbers, ib. 
 
 Binary compounds, in chemistry, XII. 474, 
 
 2 c ; XIY. 582, 2 b. 
 
 Binary system of chemistry, II. 87, 2 a. Bi¬ 
 nary theory, XIY. 582, 2 be. 
 
 Binary system in zoology, YII. 267, 2 a. 
 Binding of boohs: see Bookbinding. 
 Bindkabund', town of Hindostan, II. 644. 
 Bindweed (convolvulus), Y. 293, 1 a; black, 
 
 XIII. 689, 1 a. 
 
 Bing, in preparing cotton for manufacture, Y. 
 413, 1 c. 
 
 Bing'en, town of Ilesse-Darmstadt, II. 644 (ill.). 
 Bingerloch, or Bingen hole, II. 644, 1 c. 
 
BINGHAM 
 
 BIRON 
 
 101 
 
 Bingham, Josepli [bing'-um], English scholar, 
 II. 645. 
 
 Bixgiiamton [bing'-um-tun], city of New York, 
 II. 645. 
 
 Bin'gium , ancient town : see Bingen. 
 Bingtang', East Indian island, II. 645. 
 Bin'nacle, II. 645 ; Y. 187, 1 b. 
 
 Binney, Amos, American savant, II. 645. 
 Binney, Horace, lawyer, II. 645. (Died 1875.) 
 Binney, Thomas, English clergyman, II. 646. 
 Binondo [be-none'-^o], suburb of Manila, XI. 
 109, 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 Binoxalate of potash, XII. 757, 2 b ; 758, 1 a. 
 Bintang: see Bingtang. 
 
 Binue [be-noo'-a]: see Benoowe. 
 
 Biobio [be-o-be'-o], river of Chili, II. 646. 
 Biol'ogy, science of life, II. 646; I. 527,1 b. 
 Bi'on, Greek poet, II. 646. 
 
 Bi'oplasm , referred to, VII. 146, 1 a and b. 
 Biot, Jean Baptiste [byo], French savant, II. 
 646. 
 
 Biotite , species of mica, XI. 491, 1 a. 
 
 Bipennis , kind of battle axe, II. 393, 2 b. 
 Biphosphate of lime , X. 479, 1 b. 
 
 Bipont Editions (of the classics), II. 647. 
 Bipontium: see Zweibrucken. 
 
 Bipotassic sulphate , XIII. 761, 1 c. 
 
 Biquadratic equation , first solved, XI. 276, 
 1 c. 
 
 Biran, Maine de: see Maine de Biran. 
 
 BiRcn [burch], tree, II. 647. White birch, 1 c 
 (ills.). Weeping birch, 2 b (ill.). Black, 
 paper, red, and dwarf birch, 648, 1 a, b. 
 Birch, Samuel, English Egyptologist, II. 648. 
 Birch, Thomas, D. D., English historian and 
 biographer, II. 648. 
 
 Birch agaric , used for sharpening instruments, 
 
 I. 173, 1 c. 
 
 Birch darTc, uses of, II. 647, 2 a; 648, 1 a. 
 Birch-dark tar, X. 277, 1 ab. 
 
 Birch-Pfeiffer, Charlotte [beer c h'-pfl-fer], 
 German actress and dramatist, II. 648. 
 
 Bird, Edward, English painter, II. 648. 
 
 Bird, Golding, English physician and author, 
 
 II. 648. 
 
 Bird, Robert Montgomery, American physician 
 and author, II. 648. 
 
 Birde, William, English composer, II. 649. 
 Bird Islands, West Indies, II. 649. 
 
 Bird Lime, II. 649. 
 
 Bird mite, VI. 695, 2 ab (ill.). 
 
 Bird of Paradise, II. 649. Greater paradise 
 bird, 2 c (ill.); red, 650, 2 c (ill.); king, 651, 
 1 b (ill., 650); superb, id. (ill., 650); gold¬ 
 
 breasted, 1 a (ill.); twelve-wired, 2 c (ill.); 
 long-tailed, id. (ill.). 
 
 Bird of Velez, V. 86, 2 c. 
 
 Bird pepper, III. 761, 2 a. 
 
 Birds, II. 652. Their anatomy, 1 b; parts 
 (ill.), 2 a; digestive apparatus (ill.), 653,1 b; 
 wing bones (ill.), id. ; voice, 2~b; brain, 654, 
 
 1 b ; organs of sense, 1 c; propagation, 2 b. 
 Mining birds, 655, 1 c. Ground builders, 
 
 2 a. Mound builders, 2 b. Masons, 2 c. 
 Baker bird, id. Carpenters, 656, 1 a. Plat¬ 
 form builders, 1 ab. Basket makers, 1 b. 
 Weavers, 1 c. Tailors, 2 a. Cementers, 2 b. 
 Dome builders, 2 be. Parasites, 2 c. Skele¬ 
 ton of birds, Y. 174, 2 c; partial anatomy 
 of, II. 687, 1 c. 
 
 Birds, in heraldry, VII. 673, 1 be. See plate 
 (after p. 670), on the right. 
 
 Bird' 1 s-foot trefoil, X. 648, 2 be. 
 
 Bird's head process, organ of polyzoa, XIII. 
 691, 1 b. 
 
 Bird’s Nest, Edible, II. 657; I. 299, 2 c. 
 Bird's nest fern, VII. 151, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Bird's nest f ungus, VII. 583, 2 ab. 
 
 Bi'reme, galley, VII. 575, 2 ab. 
 
 Biren [be'-ren]: see Biron, Ernest John. 
 Birgus, robber crab, V. 451, 1 b. 
 
 Birkenfeld [beer'-ken-felt], German princi¬ 
 pality, II. 657. 
 
 Birkenfeld line, of Zweibrticken, XVI. 840,1 a. 
 Bir'kenhead, town of England, II. 657. Park 
 of, XIII. 103, 2 a (map). 
 
 Birkenhead, Sir John, English writer, II. 658. 
 Birket-el-Keroon' [beer'-ket], lake, II. 658. 
 Birkett's circus, New York, alluded to, II. 575, 
 
 1 c. 
 
 Birmingham [bur'-ming-um], town of England, 
 II. 658; view, 659. 
 
 Birmingham, village of Connecticut, II. 660. 
 Birmingham, borough of Pennsylvania, II. 660. 
 Birnam, hill, Scotland, II. 660. Birnam wood, 
 
 2 ab. 
 
 Birnee, Old, town of Africa, II. 660. 
 
 Birney, James G. [bur'-ne], American philan¬ 
 thropist and politician, II. 660. Defended by 
 S. P. Chase in a prosecution for harboring a 
 fugitive slave, IV. 327,1 ab. David B., gen¬ 
 eral, II. 660, 2 b. William, general, 661,1 a. 
 Fitz Hugh, colonel, id. 
 
 Birom's anemometer, I. 490, 1 b. 
 
 Biron, Armand de Gontaut, duke de [be-ro ng ], 
 French general, II. 661. Charles de Gon¬ 
 taut, duke de, general, 1 b. Armand Louis 
 de Gontaut (duke de Lauzun), duke de, 1 c. 
 
102 
 
 B1RON 
 
 BITTERSWEET. 
 
 Bikon, Ernest John, duke of Courland and re¬ 
 gent of Russia, II. 661. Peter, 662, 1 a. 
 Bier [bur]: see Parsonstown. 
 
 Birs Nimrud [beerss nim-rood']: see Babel, II. 
 
 180, 2 a, b, 181,1 be; Babylon, 187, 2 a (ill.). 
 Birstall [bur'-stul], parish of England, II. 662. 
 Birth : see Obstetrics ; also Abortion, and 
 Medical Jurisprudence. 
 
 Birthroot , plant, XV. 867, 1 ab. 
 
 Birzha [beer'-zlia], Russian exchange, VII. 21, 
 
 1 a. 
 
 Bisaccia [be-zat'-cha], town of Italy, II. 662. 
 Bisacquino [be-zak-kwe'-no], town of Italy, 
 II. 662. 
 
 Bisayas [be-sa'-yas], Malayo-Polynesian race, 
 XI. 56, la; XIII. 418, 1 b (Bisayans). 
 Bis'cay, province of Spain, II. 662. 
 
 Biscay, Bay of, II. 662. 
 
 Biscay, New: see Durango. 
 
 Bisceglie [be-sha'-lya], seaport of Italy, II. 662. 
 Bischof, Karl Gustav [bish'-ofe], German 
 chemist and geologist, II. 662. On the 
 genesis of minerals, XI. 590, 2 b. 
 
 Bischoff, Christoph Heinrich Ernst [bish'-uf], 
 German physician, II. 662. Theodor Lud¬ 
 wig Wilhelm, anatomist and physiologist, 
 
 2 c. On the spontaneous ripening and dis¬ 
 charge of ova, VI. 561, 1 c. 
 
 Bischofswerda [bish'-ofes-vair-da], city of 
 Saxony, II. 663. 
 
 Bischop , Simon [bis'-kop]: see Episcopius. 
 Bischweiler [bish'-vl-ler], town of Alsace, II. 
 663. 
 
 Bischwiller [bish'-vil-ler] : see Bischweiler. 
 Biscuit [bis'-kit], for earthenware, XIII. 790, 
 2a; for porcelain, 791, 2 a. 
 
 Bi'set , wild rock pigeon, XIII. 504, 1 c. 
 Bisexual animals , I. 533, 2 b; VI. 370, 2 c; 
 
 VIII. 683, 2 c; X. 310, 1 c. 
 
 Bishroot , I. 68, 1 b (Aconite). 
 
 Bishop, II. 663. In the Roman Catholic 
 church, 2 a; Anglican, 664, 1 b; Protestant 
 Episcopal, 1 c; Lutheran and Evangelical, 
 2 a; Greek, ib. ; Methodist Episcopal, XI. 
 456, 2 a. Number of bishops in the world, 
 II. 664, 2 a. 
 
 Bishop, Sir Henry Rowley, English composer, 
 II. 664. Anna Riviere, vocalist, 665, 1 a. 
 Bishopric , II. 664, 2 a. 
 
 Bishops , city of, XII. 748, 1 c. 
 
 Bishop Stortford, town of England, II. 665. 
 Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Eduard Leo¬ 
 pold, prince [biss'-mark-shon'-how-zen], Ger¬ 
 man statesman, II. 665. His entrance into 
 
 the ministry, VII. 757, 1 b. His willingness 
 to cede German territory to France asserted 
 by Lamarmora, X. 118, 2 c. Attempted as¬ 
 sassination of him, X. 19, 1 c. Interview 
 with Favre to agree on conditions of peace 
 between Germany and France, VII. 99,1 ab; 
 treaty signed, 1 c. 
 
 Bism-Illah , or Bism-Allah, Mohammedan graco 
 before meat, I. 323, 1 be (Allah). 
 
 Bismuth [biz'-muth], metal, II. 666. Its use in 
 thermometry, 2 b; in alloys, 667, 1 a; in 
 thermo-electricity, 1 be. Compounds and 
 their uses, lb; in medicine, 1 c. Nitrate 
 of, XII. 463, 2 be. Magistery of, ib. 
 
 Bisnagur' : see Bijanague. 
 
 Bison, II. 667. B. Americanus, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Bissagos [bis-sa'-goos], islands of Africa, II. 
 
 668 . 
 
 Bis 'sell, William II., governor of Illinois, II. 
 
 668 . 
 
 Bissermians , Finnish tribe, VII. 206, 2 c. 
 
 Bisset, Robert, English writer, II. 668. 
 
 Bistort , plant, XIII. 689, 1 a; ill., 688. 
 
 Bistre [bis'-ter], a water color, II. 668. 
 
 Bis'tritz, town of Transylvania, II. 668. 
 
 Bisulphide of calcium , X. 478, 2 a; of carbon, 
 III. 772, 2 b, and XV. 454, 2 c. 
 
 Bisutun [be-soo-toon']: see Behistun. 
 
 Bit, for boring wood, varieties of, III. 98, 2 € 
 -99, 1 a (ills.); of a drill, II. 697, 1 c. 
 
 Bitche [beech], town: see Bitsch. 
 
 Bithoor', town of Hindostan, II. 669. Ghauts 
 on the Ganges, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Bithyn'ia, ancient country of Asia, II. 669. 
 
 Bitolia , town: see Monastie. 
 
 Bi'ton and Cle'obis, in Greek legend, II. 669. 
 
 Biton'to, town of Italy, II. 669. 
 
 Bitsch, town of Alsace-Lorraine, II. 669; view, 
 670. 
 
 Bittacle : see Binnacle. 
 
 Bitter ash , tree, XIV. 132, 1 b. 
 
 Bitter cups, goblets of bitterwood, XIV. 132, 2 a. 
 
 Bitterfeld [bit'-ter-felt], town of Prussia, II. 
 670. 
 
 Bit'tern, bird, II. 670. English bittern, 1 c 
 (ill.); green, 2 a (ill.); least, 2 b (ill., 671). 
 
 Bittern , exhausted salt brine, bromine from, 
 III. 307, 2 c, 308, 1 b; XIII. 693, 1 be. 
 
 Bitter Principles, II. 671. 
 
 Bitter-root , plant, IX. 244, 1 b. 
 
 Bitter Boot range, Rocky mountains, XL 771, 2 c. 
 
 Bitter Boot river, Montana, XI. 772, 1 b, be. 
 
 Bittersweet, plant, VI. 304, 2 b; XV. 155, 1 b 
 (ill.). Climbing or shrubby, XVI. 517, 2 c. 
 
BITTER-SWEET 
 
 BLACK 
 
 103 
 
 Bittersiceet (wild orange), XII. 664, 1 c. 
 
 Bitterwood , tree, XIV. 132, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Bitlis : see Betlis. 
 
 Bittook : see Bitiioor. 
 
 Bitu [be-too'j, kind of bamboo, VII. 110, 2 a. 
 
 Bitu'men, II. 671. Varieties, 2 c. Of Hit on 
 the Euphrates, 672, 1 c; of the Dead sea, 
 2 a; of Trinidad, id. Preparation, 2 be. 
 Analysis, 2 c. Uses of the natural bitumens, 
 673, 1 ab. Origin of, 2 ab. Among the 
 Greeks and Romans, XIII. 366, 2 b. 
 
 Bituminous limestone , II. 673, 1 be. Bitumi¬ 
 nous mastic, 1 b. 
 
 Bituminous Shale, II. 673. 
 
 Bituriges [be-tu'-re-jeez], ancient people of Cel¬ 
 tic Gaul, II. 581, 1 c ; VII. 648, 2 a. Bituri¬ 
 ges Cubi, in central Gaul, III. 157, 2 b; 159, 
 2 a. Bituriges Vivisci, of southern Gaul, 
 III. 90, 2 ab. 
 
 Bituvatu [be-too-va-too'], kind of bamboo, VII. 
 110, 2 a. 
 
 Bitzius, Albert [bit'-se-oos], Swiss author, II. 
 673. 
 
 Biu-diu , river, II. 646, 2 a (Biobio). 
 
 Bivalve shells , V. 198, 2 a, ff (ills.); 201,2 a (ill.). 
 
 Bivar , Rodrigo Diaz de [be-var'], the Cid, I. 
 295, 2 c. 
 
 Biwa [be'-wa], Japanese stringed instrument, 
 IX. 537, 1 c. 
 
 Bizerta [be-zer'-ta], seaport of Tunis, II. 673. 
 
 Bjorling, Carl Olaf [byor'-ling], Swedish prel¬ 
 ate and author, II. 673. 
 
 Bjorneborg [bydr'-n&h-borg], seaport of Fin¬ 
 land, II. 674. 
 
 Bjornson, Bjornstjerne [byorn'-son], Norwe¬ 
 gian author, II. 674. 
 
 Bjornstjerna, Magnus Fredrik Ferdinand 
 [byorn-shair'-na], Swedish statesman and au¬ 
 thor, II. 674. 
 
 Blacas, Pierre Louis Jean Casimir, duke de 
 [bla-ka], French statesman, II. 674. 
 
 Black, Adam, Scottish publisher, II. 674. 
 
 Black, Jeremiah S., American lawyer, II. 674. 
 
 Black, Joseph, Scottish chemist, II. 674. Dis¬ 
 coverer of carbonic acid gas, III. 773, 2 ab. 
 His investigation of the alkalies, IV. 361, 
 1 c. His theory of caloric, VIII. 567, 2 be; 
 of latent heat, 576, 2 be; experiments on 
 specific heat, 573, 1 c, 2 be. 
 
 Black alder , shrub, XVI. 673, 2 c. 
 
 Black'all, Offspring, English prelate, II. 675. 
 
 Blackdand ores (iron), IX. 409, 1 ab, 2 a. 
 
 Black Barthel [bar'-tel]: see Schwartz, Ber- 
 thold, XIV. 689, 1 c. 
 
 Black dasalt ware, referred to, XIII. 783, 1 ab. 
 Blackberry : see Bramble. Common black¬ 
 berry, III. 207, 1 c. High blackberry, 2 be 
 (ill., 208). Low bush blackberry, id. See 
 Raspberry, XIV. 209, 2 a. 
 
 Blackbird, county, II. 675. 
 
 Blackbird, European, II. 675^ (ill.). Red¬ 
 winged, of New England, 2 b (ill.). In the 
 northwestern states and Canada, 676, 1 b. 
 Black dook of the admiralty , I. 124, 2 c. 
 
 Black doy, tree of Australia, II. 131, 1 a; VIIL 
 171, 2 ab. 
 
 Black duffalo , fish, XV. 437, 1 a. 
 
 Blackburn, town of England, II. 676. 
 
 Black Calmucks , XI. 747, 1 b. 
 
 Black'cap, bird, II. 676. European, 1 c (ill.). 
 American, 2 b. 
 
 Blackcap , raspberry, XIV. 210, 1 b. 
 Black-capped titmouse , XV. 775, 1 a. 
 
 Black cardinals , II. 577, 1 c. Banished by 
 Napoleon, III. 47, 2 b. 
 
 Black Castle of Opium: see Afium Kara-His- 
 sar. 
 
 Black cat (fisher), VII. 223, 1 b. 
 
 Black chalk , IV. 232, 1 c. 
 
 Blackcock, game bird, II. 676; ill., 677. 
 Black cohort , in the peasants’ war, XIII. 216, 
 2 a. 
 
 Black Death: see Plague, XIII. 567, 1 c. 
 In Basel, II. 358,1 b. In Norway, XII. 511, 
 
 1 a. Horrible persecution of the Jews oc- 
 casioned by it, VIII. 597, 1 a. 
 
 Black drink , XVI. 773, 2 a (Yaupon). 
 
 Black drop (vinegar of opium), XII. 648, 2 ab. 
 “ Black drop,” in a transit of mercury, XI. 
 405, 1 c. 
 
 Black eagle , Prussian order of the, founded, 
 VII. 454, 2 a. 
 
 Blackfeet, Indian tribe, II. 677; XII. 503, 
 
 2 a. Blackfeet confederacy, allusion to, I. 
 633, 1 a. 
 
 Blackfish (tautog), II. 677 (ill., 678). 
 Blackfish (dolphin), VI.' 193, 1 a. 
 
 Blackfish whale (grampus), VIIL 147, 1 b. 
 Black Flux, II. 678 ; V. 469, 1 c. 
 
 Black Fly, II. 678; VI. 129, 1 c. 
 
 Blackford, county, II. 678. 
 
 Black Forest, II. 678; 209, 2 a, c. 
 
 Black friars , II. 113, 2 b. 
 
 Blackfriars dridge, London, X. 592, 1 b. 
 
 Black grass , XIV. 471, 2 a. 
 
 Black grotto , near Adelsberg, I. 114, 1 g. 
 Black grouse: see Blackcock. 
 
 Black Gum, tree, II. 679 (ills.). 
 
104 
 
 BLACK 
 
 BLAIR 
 
 Black hawk, bird, III. 507, 1 a (ill., 506). 
 Black Hawk, Indian chief, II. 679. 
 
 Black Hawk, county, II. 680. 
 
 Black-head, duck, III. 783, 2 ab ; 734, 1 a. 
 Black-headed saki , monkey, XI. 751, 2 c. 
 
 Black helmet, cameo shell, III. 652, 2 a. 
 
 Black Hills, II. 680; XIV. 375, 2 c; XYI. 
 749, 2 c. 
 
 Black Hole, Calcutta, II. 680. Monument 
 (ill.), ib. 
 
 Black horse, fish, XV. 437, 1 a. 
 
 Blackie, John Stuart, Scottish author, II. 680. 
 Blacking, for leather and iron, II. 681. 
 
 Black Jack, ore: see Blende, II. 708, 2 c. 
 Black-jack, tree, XII. 555, 2 a. 
 
 Black Lead : see Graphite. 
 
 Blacklock, Thomas, D. D., blind Scottish cler¬ 
 gyman, II. 681. 
 
 Black magic, V. 795, 1 c. 
 
 Black Mail, II. 681. 
 
 Blackman, George Curtis, American surgeon, 
 
 II. 681. 
 
 Black martin, bird, XV. 520, 1 a. 
 
 Black medick, plant, X. 703, 2 a. 
 
 Blackmore, Sir Richard, English physician 
 and writer, II. 681. 
 
 Black mountain, on the shore of Lake George, 
 VII. 712, 2 c. Rogers’s leap, ib. 
 
 Black Mountains, of the Appalachian system, 
 II. 682. 
 
 Black mountains , of Africa, II. 798, 1 ab; of 
 Circassia, IV. 603, 1 c. 
 
 Black Pawnees : see Rickarees. 
 
 Black pilot (rudder fish), XIV. 462, 2 be. 
 Black Prince: see Edward, prince of Wales. 
 
 “ Black obelisk king ,” II. 34, 1 c. 
 
 Black quarter, murrain, XII. 61, 1 b. 
 
 Black River, of New York, II. 682. See Big 
 Black River. 
 
 Blacks, a Guelphic faction at Florence, VIII. 
 297, 1 b. 
 
 Black saki, monkey, XI. 751, 2 c. 
 
 Black Sea, II. 682. Its opening from the 
 Bosporus (ill.), 683. Made free to the com¬ 
 merce of all nations by the treaty of Paris, 
 X. 224, 2 a. Deneutralization of it, I. 285, 
 1 a: see XIV. 493, 2 a, and XVI. 62, 1 c. 
 Black'shear, county seat, XIII. 501, 2 ab. 
 Black Silver, II. 683. 
 
 Black Snake, II. 684 (ill.). 
 
 Black snakeroot, IV. 583, 1 be; V. 22, 2 be. 
 Blackstone, town of Massachusetts, II. 684. 
 Blackstone, William, first white inhabitant of 
 Boston, II. 684. 
 
 Blackstone, Sir William, English lawyer, II. 
 
 684. 
 
 11 Black stone,' 1 ' 1 the, in the Caaba, XI. 314, 2 c. 
 Blackstone River, II. 685. Blackstone canal, 
 
 1 b. 
 
 Black stream (Japan current), XII. 781, 2 ab. 
 Black and tan (terrier), XV. 662, 2 c. 
 Blackthorn, tree, XIII. 620, 2 ab; XV. 106, 
 
 2 c (ill., 107). 
 
 Black tongue, fever, VII. 169, 2 be; murrain, 
 XII. 61, 1 b. 
 
 Black Vomit, II. 685; VII. 166, 2 a. 
 Blackwall, suburb of London, II. 685. 
 
 Black Walnut : see Walnut. 
 
 Black Warrior, river of Alabama, II. 685. 
 Black wart, disease in the plum tree, XIII. 
 621, 1 a. 
 
 Black'water, river of Ireland, II. 685. 
 Black-water streams, of Brazil, III. 220, 1 c. 
 Blackwell, Alexander, Scottish physician, II. 
 
 685. 
 
 Blackwell, Elizabeth, American physician, II. 
 
 685. Emily, 2 c. See XVI. 701, 2 ab. 
 Blackwell’s Island, Hew York, II. 686. 
 Blackwood, William, Scottish publisher, II. 
 
 686 . 
 
 Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine,, II. 686, 1 a; 
 
 X. 568, 2 b; XIII. 296, 1 b; XVI. 652, 2 c. 
 Bladder, II. 686. 
 
 Bladder-ketmia, plant, VIII. 713, 2 c. 
 Bladder-weed, species of algas, I. 299, 2 a; Vn. 
 
 515, 1 a. Charcoal of, as a medicine, 2 b. 
 Bladderwort, marsh plant, XVI. 237, 2 c (ill., 
 238). 
 
 Blade of an anchor , I. 465, 1 a. 
 
 Blade of a leaf, X. 264, 1 c; 266, 1 a, be. 
 Bla'den, county, II. 687. 
 
 Bladensburg, town of Maryland, II. 687. 
 Blagovieshtchensk [bla-go-vyesh-chensk'J, a 
 town of Asiatic Russia, II. 687. 
 
 Blaine, Ephraim, American soldier, II. 687. 
 
 James Gillespie, statesman, 2 be. 
 
 Blainville, Henri Marie Ducrotay de [dull 
 bla ng -veel], French naturalist, II. 687. His 
 classification of birds, XII. 706, 1 a; of fish¬ 
 es, IX. 160, 1 be; of mammals, XI. 80, 1 c, 
 81, 2 b; of reptiles, VIII. 693, 1 be. His 
 theory of the anatomy of the head, XIII. 
 423, 1 c. 
 
 Blair, county, II. 688. 
 
 Blair, Francis Preston, American journalist, 
 II. 688 (died 1876). Montgomery, lawyer 
 and politician, 2 b. Francis Preston, Jr., 
 lawyer and soldier, 2 c (died 1875). 
 
BLAIR 
 
 BLEACHING 
 
 105 
 
 Blair, Hugh, Scottish divine and author, II. 
 
 689. 
 
 Blair, James, American clergyman and teach¬ 
 er, II. 689. 
 
 Blair, John, Scottish clironologist and geog¬ 
 rapher, II. 689. 
 
 Blair, Robert, Scottish poet, II. 689. 
 
 Blair's process of making steel , IX. 403, 2 a. 
 Blairsville, borough of Pennsylvania, II. 689. 
 Blairsville, county seat, XVI. Ill, 2 c. 
 
 Blaizot [bla-zoj, librarian to Louis XVI., im¬ 
 prisonment in the Bastile, II. 376, 1 c. 
 Blake, George Smith, American naval officer, 
 II. 689. 
 
 Blake, John Lauris, American author and cler¬ 
 gyman, II. 689. 
 
 Blake, Robert, English admiral, II. 690. 
 Blake, William, English artist and poet, II. 
 
 690. His process of etching upon copper, 
 
 691. 1 a; X. 526, 1 b. 
 
 BlaJcely , county seats, II. 238,1 a; VI. 354,1 c. 
 Blakely, Johnston, American naval officer, 
 II. 691. 
 
 BlaJcely gun , I. 793, 2 c; III. 712, 2 a (ill.). 
 Blake's safety explosive , VII. 30, 1 c. 
 
 Blakey, Robert, English metaphysician and 
 author, II. 692. 
 
 Blanc, Jean Joseph. Louis [bla ng ], French po¬ 
 litical and historical writer, II. 692. Auguste 
 Alexandre Charles, engineer and art critic, 
 2 c; duel with Lacombe, X. 83, 1 c. 
 
 Blanc, Le [luh bla ng ], town of France, II. 693. 
 Blanc, Mont: see Mont Blanc. 
 
 Blanc fixe [bla ng feex], white pigment, II. 313, 
 1 c. 
 
 Blanchard, Emile [bla ng -shar], French natural¬ 
 ist, 11/693. 
 
 Blanchard, Francois, French aeronaut, II. 
 693; I. 146, 1 c. Marie Madeleine Armant, 
 aeronaut, II. 693, 1 c; I. 146, 2 b. Her tra¬ 
 gic fate, id. 
 
 Blanchard, Henri Pierre Leon Pharamond, 
 French painter, II. 693. 
 
 Blan'chard, Laman, English writer, II. 693. 
 Blanchard, Thomas, American mechanic and 
 inventor, II. 693. His turning machine, 
 XVI. 74, 2 b. 
 
 Blanche, August [bla ng sh], Swedish poet, II. 
 69’3. 
 
 Blanche of Bourbon, queen of Castile, II. 693. 
 Blanche of Castile, queen of France, II. 694; 
 X. 652, 1 ab. 
 
 Blanche of France , daughter of St. Louis, X. 
 81, 1 ab and b. 
 
 Blanco, county, II. 694. 
 
 Bland, county, II. 694. 
 
 Bland, Theodoric, American patriot and sol¬ 
 dier, II. 694. 
 
 Blandrata, Giorgio [blan-dra'-ta], Italian Uni¬ 
 tarian, II. 695; I. 262, 1 a. 
 
 Blangini, Giuseppe Marco Maria Felice [blan- 
 je'-ne], Italian composer, II. 695. 
 
 BlanJc (card), in faro, VII. 89, 1 b. 
 
 Blankenburg [blan'-ken-boorg], circle in the 
 duchy of Brunswick, II. 695. Town, 2 ab. 
 
 BlanJcet of the whale , XVI. 581, 2 b. 
 
 Blank'hof, Jan Teunisz, Dutch painter, II. 695. 
 
 Blanks , in pen making, XIII. 243, 2 b. 
 
 Blanqui, Jerome Adolphe [bla ng -ke], French po¬ 
 litical economist, II. 695. Jean Dominique, 
 2 c. Louis Auguste, revolutionist, 696, 1 a. 
 
 Blari'na (zoology), XV. 8, 1 a. B. talpoides, 
 id. (ill., 7). 
 
 Blarney, village of Ireland, II. 696. Blarney 
 castle, id. (ill.). Blarney stone, 1 c. 
 
 Blas'phemy, in law, II. 696. 
 
 Blast, hot, in smelting furnaces, II. 743, 1 c. 
 See IX. 394, 1 a, ff. 
 
 Blast furnace, II. 741, 2 be; VII. 542,1 c; IX. 
 392, 1 b, ff. (ills., 393, 394). 
 
 Blasting, II. 697. Implements, 1 b; 699,1 b. 
 Sand blast, 697, 2 b. Excavation by fire, 2 c. 
 Blasting with the galvanic battery, 698,1 b; 
 at the Holyhead quarries, 2 a (ill.). Choice 
 of explosive compound, 2 c. Surface blast¬ 
 ing, 699, 2 c. Mountain tunnelling, 700,1 c. 
 Drill at work (ill.), id. Stoping (ill.), 2 a. 
 Hoosac tunnel, 701, 1 a. Submarine blast¬ 
 ing, 1 ab; coffer dam, id. (ill.). Removal of 
 Blossom rock, 2 a (ills., 702); of obstructions 
 at Hellgate, 702, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Blasting powder, composition of, VIII. 331, 
 2 ab. 
 
 Blastocerus (zoology), V. 758, 2 a. B. paludo- 
 sus, id. (ill.). B. campestris, id. 
 
 Blastodermic membrane, VI. 561, 2 be. 
 
 Blatta (entomology), IV. 788, 2 b. B. orien¬ 
 tals, 2 c. B. Americana ferruginea, XI. 292, 
 1 be. 
 
 Blavia : see Blaye. 
 
 Blaye [bla], town of France, II. 703. Citadel, 
 prison of the duchess of Berry, id. “ Ex¬ 
 jailer of Blaye,” III. 417, 2 be. 
 
 Blaze de Bury: see Bury, Ange Henri Blaze de. 
 
 Blazing off, in saw making, XIV. 651, 2 a. 
 
 Blazonry: see Heraldry, and Tournament, 
 XV. 824, 2 a. 
 
 Bleaching, II. 703. Dutch process, 1 c. 
 
106 
 
 BLEACHING 
 
 BLOIS 
 
 Chemical action, 2 b. Use of chlorine, 704, 
 1 a; of sulphurous acid, 2 c. Bleaching of 
 wool, 2 b ; of silk, 705,1 ab; of straw, 1 c; 
 of wax, 2 b; of liquids, 2 be; of cotton 
 (“American bleaching”), 2 c. Agency of 
 ozone in bleaching, XII. 777, 2 a. 
 
 Bleaching Powdee, II. 706. 
 
 Bledow, Ludwig [bla'-do], German chess play¬ 
 er, II. 707. 
 
 Bledsoe, county, II. 708. 
 
 Bledsoe, Albert Taylor, American author and 
 instructor, II. 708. (Died 1877.) 
 
 “ Bleeders: ” see H^emoebhage, VIII. 374,1 ab. 
 
 Bleeding heart , plant, VI. 87, 1 c. 
 
 Bleek, Friedrich [blaik], German theologian, 
 II. 708. Wilhelm Heinrich Immanuel, phi¬ 
 lologist, 1 c. 
 
 Bleibteeu, Georg [blipe'-troi], German paint¬ 
 er, II. 708. 
 
 Blemmyes : see Blemyes. 
 
 Blemyes, or Blemmyes [blem'-me-eez], ancient 
 African race, II. 708. 
 
 Blende, ore of zinc, II. 708. 
 
 Blenheim [Eng. blen'-im ; Ger. blen'-hime], 
 village of Bavaria, II. 709. Battle of, ib ., 
 and X. 357, 1 b. Blenheim park and house, 
 II. 709, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Blenneehas'sett, Harman, victim of Aaron 
 Burr’s conspiracy, II. 709. His wife, author 
 of poems, 710, 1 b. Joseph Lewis, lawyer, 
 1 be. 
 
 Blen'nius (ichthyology), II. 710. B. ocellaris, 
 
 1 c (ill.). B. serpentinus, 2 a. 
 
 Blenny, fish, II. 710. Eyed blenny, 1 c (ill.). 
 Eel-shaped blenny, X. 506, 2 b. 
 
 Blepharoplasty, surgical operation, II. 156, 2 b. 
 
 BLfiEfi [bla-ra], town of France, II. 710. 
 
 Bleschamp , Marie Alexandrine Charlotte Lou¬ 
 ise Laurence de [bla-sha ng ], (Mme. Jouber- 
 thon), second wife of Lucien Bonaparte, III. 
 34, 2 c. 
 
 Blessington, Margaret, countess of, II. 711. 
 
 Bletting , in decay of fruit, XI. 356, 1 a. 
 
 Blewjields : see Bluefields. 
 
 BnicnEE, Steen Steensen [ble'- c her], Danish 
 author, II. 711. 
 
 Blick silver , X. 260, 2 ab. 
 
 Blida : see Blidah. 
 
 Blidah [ble'-da], town of Algeria, II. 711. 
 
 BniGn, William [bli], English navigator, II. 
 711. Mutiny of his crew, 712, 1 a. Gives 
 his name to the Feejee islands, VII. 113, 
 
 2 a. 
 
 Blight (mildew), XI. 535, 1 a; XIII. 212, 2 ab. 
 
 Blind, the, II. 712. Causes of blindness, 1 c. 
 Proportion of blind as to age and sex, 713, 
 
 1 a. Number, and proportion to population, 
 
 2 b. Classified table of blind in the United 
 States, 714. Care and education of the 
 blind, 715, 1 a. Institutions in Great Brit¬ 
 ain and Ireland, 2 c; on the continent, 716, 
 2 ab ; in Brazil and Turkey, 717, 2 c ; in the 
 United States, 718, 1 a. Printing for the 
 blind, 719, 1 b. Alphabets, 2 a, ff. (ills.). 
 Comparative value of sight and hearing, 
 721, 2 b. Eminent blind persons, 721 
 (table), 722, 1 ab. 
 
 Blind, Karl [blint], German political agitator, 
 II. 722. 
 
 “ Blind as a bat” ground for this saying, II. 
 377, 1 b. 
 
 Blind Fish, II. 722 (ill.). Cuban blind fishes, 
 723, 1 b. Eye of, ib ., and VII. 48, 2 ab. 
 See Amblyopsis (Index). 
 
 Blind gut (anatomy), III. 539, 1 c. 
 
 Blindheim [blint'-hime]: see Blenheim. 
 
 Blind traveller , the: see Holman, James. 
 Blindwoem, reptile, II. 723 (ill.). 
 
 Blistee, II. 724. 
 
 Blizzard: see Wind, XVI. 659, 2 ab. 
 
 Bloaters: see Heeeing, VIII. 698, 1 c. 
 
 Bloch, Markus Elieser [blo k h], German natu¬ 
 ralist, II. 724. His “Natural History of 
 Fishes,” IX. 159, 2 c. 
 
 Block, Maurice, French political economist, 
 II. 724. 
 
 Blockade', II. 724; X. 228, 2 be; XII. 261, 
 2 a; XV. 26, 2’ b. Napoleon’s paper block¬ 
 ade of the British ports, and England’s re¬ 
 taliation in kind, II. 725, 1 b. Blockade of 
 the southern ports by the United States, 
 1 c. 
 
 Block book: see Peinting, XIII. 846, 1 b. 
 Blocking: see Pianofoete, XIII. 491, 1 a. 
 Block Island, II. 725; XIV. 291, 2 b. 
 Blocksberg (Brocken), VIII. 493, 2 c. 
 
 Blocs erratiques (bowlders), III. 167, 1 a. 
 Blodget, Lorin, American physicist, II. 725. 
 Blodget, Samuel, American inventor, II. 726. 
 Bloemaeet, Abraham [bloo'-mart], Dutch 
 painter, II. 726. Cornelis and Adrian, en¬ 
 gravers, 1 a. 
 
 Bloemen, Jan Frans van [bloo'-men], Flemish 
 painter, II. 726. Peter van, painter, 2 b. 
 Bloemfontein [bloom'-fon-tine], town of S. 
 Africa, II. 726. 
 
 Blois [bl’wa], city of France, II. 726. Castle 
 of, 727, 1 a (ill., 726). 
 
BLOIS 
 
 BLttOHER 
 
 107 
 
 Blois, Mile, de , daughter of Louis XIV., V. 
 287, 2 c; X. 213, 2 be. 
 
 Blomfield, Charles James [blum'-feeld], Eng¬ 
 lish clergyman and scholar, II. 727. 
 
 Blommaert, Philip [blom'-mart], Flemish wri¬ 
 ter, II. 727. 
 
 Blond, Jacques Christophe le [lull blo ng ], re¬ 
 puted inventor of printing in colors, II. 727. 
 
 Blondel [blo ng -del], French trouvere, II. 727. 
 
 Blondel , David , on Pope Joan, IX. 641, 2 a. 
 
 Blood, II. 728. Physical qualities, 1 a. Quan¬ 
 tity in the human body, 1 b. Composition, 
 729, 1 a; changes in, 730, 1 c. Microscopi¬ 
 cal study of the blood, 2 a; red corpuscles, 
 2 ab ; white corpuscles, 731,1 b ; molecular 
 elements, 2 ab ; pigment, 2 b ; crystals, 2 c ; 
 coagulated fibrine, ib. Coagulation of the 
 blood, 732, 1 b, ff. Formation, 735, 1 be. 
 Uses, 736, 1 ab.—The red globules dis¬ 
 covered by Leeuwenhoek, X. 314, 1 a; ca¬ 
 pillary circulation by Malpighi, XI. 68, 1 c; 
 method of circulation divined by Servetus, 
 XIV. 780,1 ab. See Circulation, Harvey, 
 Artery, Heart, and Veins. —The blood in 
 hibernation, VIII. 712, 2 b; in inflamma¬ 
 tion, IX. 277, 1 a; how affected by respira¬ 
 tion, XIV. 278, 1 c. See Transfusion of 
 Blood. 
 
 Blood, corruption of (legal), II. 91, 1 c, 2 a 
 and c. 
 
 Blood, Col. Thomas, Irish adventurer, II. 736. 
 
 Bloodhound, II. 736 (ill.); IX. 11, 2 ab. 
 
 Bloodletting, II. 737. Instances of, 735, 2 a. 
 
 Blood Money, II. 738. 
 
 Blood Rain, II. 738 (ill.). 
 
 Bloodroot, plant, II. 738; ill., 739. 
 
 Blood snow , II. 738, 2 b. 
 
 Blood Stains, in medical jurisprudence, II. 
 739. 
 
 Bloodstone, variety of quartz, II. 741; IX. 
 570, 2 b. 
 
 Blood-striking : see Murrain, XII. 60, 2 c. 
 
 Bloody articles : see Reformation, XIV. 249, 
 2 a. 
 
 Bloom , crude malleable iron, II. 741, 2 a. 
 
 Bloom'ary (furnace), II. 741. East Indian, 
 2 ab. Corsican, 2 c. Catalan, ib. German, 
 742,1 c. In the United States, 2 b. Bloom¬ 
 ary fire, ib. Bloomary hearths, 743, 1 b. 
 Blast, 1 c; hot blast, ib. Reduction of ores 
 by carbonic oxide, 2 b. Sinking fire, 2 c. 
 Lancashire hearth, ib. 
 
 Bloomfield, county seats, V. 710, 1 be; VIII. 
 
 228, 2 a. 
 
 Bloomfield, Robert, English poet, II. 744. 
 
 Bloomfield, Samuel Thomas, D. D., English 
 scholar and critic, II. 744. 
 
 Bloomingdaie asylum for the insane , XII. 398, 
 1 ab. 
 
 Bloomington, village of Indiana, II. 744. 
 
 Bloomington, city of Illinois, IU744. 
 
 Bloomington, county seat (now Macon City), 
 X. 803, 2 c. 
 
 Blooming train, American: see Steel, XV. 
 362, 1 a. 
 
 Bloomsburg, county seat, 116, 2 b. 
 
 Blossom rock, harbor of San Francisco, re¬ 
 moval of, II. 701, 2 a; ills., 702. 
 
 Blount [blunt], two counties, II. 744. 
 
 Blount, Charles, English deistical writer, II. 
 744. Sir Henry, traveller, 745, 1 b. Sir 
 Thomas Pope, author, ib. 
 
 Blount, Teresa and Martha , friends of Alexan¬ 
 der Pope, XIII. 708, 2 ab. 
 
 Blount, Thomas, English writer, II. 745. 
 
 Blount, "William, American politician, II. 745. 
 
 Blountsville, county seat, II. 744, 2 b. 
 
 Blow , in pugilism, varieties of, XIV. 76,1 a, ff. 
 
 Blow, John, English composer, II. 745. 
 
 Blowers, in coal mines, X. 130, 2 c. 
 
 Blow-hole, in the whale, XVI. 579, 2 b. 
 
 Blowing cave, Virginia, XVI. 375, 1 c. 
 
 Blowing engines, in a blast furnace, IX. 394,1 a. 
 
 Blowing Machines, II. 745. Blowing cylin¬ 
 ders, 1 b and c. Water blowing machine, 
 
 1 b, and 746, 2 b (see I. 116, 2 c; XIII. 629, 
 
 2 be). Fan blower, 746, 1 be. 
 
 Blowpipe, II. 747. Cupellation by, 2 a; anal¬ 
 ysis, 2 b. Form of, 748, 1 c. Quick’s gas 
 blowpipe, 2 a. Automatic blowpipes, ib. 
 Treatises on, 2 ab. Compound or oxyhy- 
 drogen blowpipe, 749, 1 a (see Hare, Rob¬ 
 ert, VIII. 458, 2 a). Apparatus of the Drs. 
 Roberts, 2 a. 
 
 Blow-up pans , in sugar refining, XV. 447, 1 b. 
 
 Blubber of the whale, XVI. 579, 2 c, 581, 2 b; 
 of the narwhal, XII. 148, 2 b. 
 
 Blucher, Gebhard Leberecht von [blu/- c her], 
 Prussian field marshal, II. 750. Campaigns 
 of l793-’4 as a cavalry officer, 2 a; of 1805 
 -’6, 2 b; discharge from service, 2 c. Cam¬ 
 paign of 1813 as commander of the Silesian 
 army, 751, 1 a, ff. Campaign of 1814 in 
 France, 753,1 b; division of the allied army, 
 754, 1 a; French victories, 1 c, ff.; retreat 
 of Schwarzenberg, 755, 1 ab; Bliicher’s 
 march on Paris, ib.; battle of Laon, 2 be; 
 retreat of Napoleon, 756, 1 ab; battle be- 
 
108 
 
 BLUDOFF 
 
 BOCA 
 
 fore Paris, 1 b. Honors to Bliicher, 1 be. 
 Campaign of 1815, 1 c. Personal and mili¬ 
 tary character, 2 ab. 
 
 Bludoff, Dmitri Nikolayevitch, count [bloo'- 
 dof], Russian statesman, II. 75G. 
 
 Blue, primary color, II. 757. 
 
 Blue, Prussian: see Potassium, XIII. 762, 2 c, ff. 
 
 Blue'back , fish, VIII. 696, 2 c. 
 
 Blue leech (hornbeam), VIII. 819, 1 c. 
 
 Blue'lell , plant, IX. 100, 2 ab (ill.). 
 
 Bluelerry: see Bilberry, and Whortleberry, 
 XVI. 613, 2 b. 
 
 Bluebird, II. 757 (ill.). 
 
 Blue lonnet , bird, XV. 775, 1 c. 
 
 Blue-bottle fly , VII. 294, 2 b (ill.); VI: 697, 2 a. 
 
 Blue cap , bird, XV. 775, 1 c. 
 
 Blue coat school : see Christ’s Hospital. 
 
 Blue Earth, county, II. 757. 
 
 Blue Earth City , county seat, VII. 86, 2 be. 
 
 Bluefields, river and town of Nicaragua, II. 
 757. 
 
 Bluefish, II. 757; ill., 758. 
 
 Blue-flag , plant, IX. 364, 1 a. 
 
 Blue glass , use of in optics, IV. 767, 1 b. 
 
 Blue grass (Kentucky), VIII. 168,1 ab ; ill., 167. 
 
 Blue grass region, of Kentucky, IX. 798, 1 ab; 
 pastures, VIII. 168, 1 b. 
 
 Blue grotto , in Capri, III. 760, 2 a. 
 
 Blueing of Metals, II. 758. 
 
 Blue John , mineral, VII. 292, 1 ab. 
 
 Blue Laws, II. 758. The existence of the 
 “ blue laws ” of Connecticut disproved, 2 c: 
 see V. 261, 2 b (Connecticut). 
 
 Blue Lick Springs, village of Kentucky, II. 
 759. 
 
 Blue lights , in pyrotechny, XIV. 117, 2 c. 
 
 Blue Monday, II. 759. 
 
 Blue Mountains, of Jamaica, II. 759, 1 c; of 
 New South Wales, 2 a; of the United States: 
 see Kittatinny. 
 
 Blue pill , composition of, XI. 402, 2 c; effects 
 of, 403, 1 a. 
 
 Blue-pots (crucibles), V. 525, 2 a. 
 
 Blue Ridge, mountain range, II. 759 ; XVI. 
 373, 2 a. 
 
 Blue River, Indiana, II. 759. 
 
 Blue spar : see Lapis Lazuli. 
 
 Blue-stocking , bird, II. 163, 2 c. 
 
 Blue Stockings, a designation of learned 
 women and clubs, II. 759. 
 
 Blue-tangle , kind of whortleberry,XVI. 613,1 c. 
 
 Bluet d’Arberes, Bernard [blii-a dar-bair], 
 French professional fool, II. 759. 
 
 Blue vats , in dyeing, VI. 341, 1 c. 
 
 Blue Vitriol: see Copper, V. 319, 1 a. 
 
 Bluffton , county seat, XVI. 550, 2 c. 
 
 Blum, Robert [bloom], German revolutionist, 
 II. 760. 
 
 Blumenbach, Johann Friedrich [bloo'-men- 
 ba k h], German naturalist, II. 760. His eth¬ 
 nological division of mankind, VI. 753, 2 be 
 V. 193, 2 a. 
 
 Blunderluss, musket, XII. 100, 2 c. 
 
 Blunt, Edmund March, American hydrogra- 
 pher, II. 761. Edmund, coast surveyor, 1 c. 
 
 Blunt, John James, English divine, II. 761. 
 
 Bluntschli, Johann Kaspar [bloontsh'-le], Ger¬ 
 man jurist and statesman, II. 761. 
 
 Blyden, E. W., negro scholar, his essay on 
 Liberia, X. 399, 2 c. 
 
 Blyth, Lieut., of the British brig Boxer, III. 
 477, 2 c. 
 
 Bo'a, genus of serpents, II. 762. B. constric¬ 
 tor, 2 c (ill., 763); III. 225, 2 b. See Boidce 
 (Index), and Anaconda, I. 451, 2 b. 
 
 Boaden, James [bo'-den], English dramatist 
 and biographer, II. 763. 
 
 Boadicea [bo-a-di-se'-a], British queen, II. 763. 
 
 Boar, II. 763. Wild boar, 764,1 c (ill.). Boar 
 hunting, ib .; in India, 2 b. 
 
 Boardman, George Dana, American mission¬ 
 ary, II. 764. George Dana, D. D., his son, 
 765, 2 b. 
 
 Boar hound , II. 764, 2 b. 
 
 Boar's Pillar, victories of Aristomenes at, I. 
 704, 2 c. 
 
 Boatbill, bird, II. 765 ; ill., 766. 
 
 Boat fly, XVI. 499, 2 c (Water Bug). 
 
 Boating : see Rowing. 
 
 Boat shell (limpet), X. 486, 2 be. 
 
 Boatswain bird (tropic bird), XVI. 7, 1 a. 
 
 Boat-tails, birds, VIII. 145, 1 b. 
 
 Boat town, near Canton, China, III. 728, 1 c. 
 
 Boavis'ta, island of Africa, II. 766. 
 
 Bobadil'la, Francisco de [Sp. bo-ba-^e'-lya], 
 governor of Hispaniola, II. 766. 
 
 Bob'binet, a kind of lace, X. 79, 2 b. 
 
 Bo'boli gardens, in Florence, VII. 276, 2 a. 
 
 Bob'olink, bird, II. 766 (ill.). 
 
 Bobruisk [bo-broo-isk'J, town of Russia, II, 
 767. 
 
 Bobstay, rope in a ship, XTV. 865, 2 a. 
 
 Bob White (quail), XIV. 125, 2 c; ill., 126. 
 
 Bocage: see Bocoage, M. M. B. du. 
 
 Bo'ca Orande [gran'-da]: see Charlotte IIar° 
 bor. 
 
 Boca Tigris [te'-gris], entrance to Canton riv¬ 
 er, II. 767 (ill.); HI. 731, 1 c. 
 
BOCCACCIO 
 
 BOG 
 
 109 
 
 Boccaccio, Giovanni [bok-kat'-cho], Italian 
 novelist, II. 767; IX. 459, 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 Bocca di Bonifacio : see Bonifacio. 
 
 Boccage, Manoel Maria Barbosa du [bok-ka/- 
 zlia], Portuguese poet, II. 769. 
 
 Boccage, Marie Anne Le Page [buk-kazh], 
 French poetess, II. 769. 
 
 Boccanera, Simone [bok-ka-na'-ra], first doge 
 of Genoa, II. 769. Gille, admiral, 1 c. 
 
 Boccasini, Nicold [bok-ka-ze'-ne], (Pope Bene¬ 
 dict XI.), II. 518, 1 c. 
 
 Boccherini, Luigi [bok-ka-re'-ne], Italian com¬ 
 poser, II. 769. 
 
 Bocchetta [bok-ket'-ta], pass of the, I. 582,1 ab. 
 
 Boc'chus , king of Mauritania, IX. 709, 1 a. 
 
 Boccold , John: see John of Leyden. 
 
 Boccone, Paolo [bok-ko'-na], Sicilian natural¬ 
 ist, II. 769. 
 
 Bochart, Samuel [buh-shar], French oriental 
 
 . scholar, II. 769. 
 
 Bo'cher , Joan (Joan of Kent), burned for an 
 unintelligible heresy, YI. 438, 2 a. 
 
 Bochnia [bo k h'-nya], town of Austria, II. 769. 
 
 Bocholt [bo'- k holt], town of Prussia, II. 769. 
 
 Bochsa, Robert Nicolas Charles [bok'-sa], 
 harpist and composer, II. 770. 
 
 Bochum [bo'- k hoom], town of Prussia, II. 770. 
 
 Bock, Cornelius Peter [biik], German archae¬ 
 ologist, II. 770. 
 
 Bock, Franz, German theologian and archaeol¬ 
 ogist, II. 770. 
 
 Bock, Karl August, German anatomist, II. 770. 
 Karl Ernst, anatomist and author, 2 b. 
 
 Bockelson, Johann: see John of Leyden. 
 
 Bockenheim [buk'-en-hime], town of Prussia, 
 
 II. 770. 
 
 Bockh, August, German philologist and anti¬ 
 quary, II. 770. 
 
 Booking, Eduard, German jurist, II. 771. 
 
 Bocklin, Arnold, Swiss painter, II. 771. 
 
 Bocksberger [buks'-pair-gher], Hans or Hie¬ 
 ronymus, German painter, II. 771. 
 
 Bocksbeutel [buks'-boi-tel], bottles for Stein 
 wine, VII. 775, 1 b. 
 
 Bocksperger : see Bocksberger. 
 
 Bode , valley of, in the Ilartz, referred to, VIII. 
 493, 2 c. 
 
 Bode, Johann Elert [bo'-deh], German astrono¬ 
 mer, II. 771. Bode’s law, 2 b; XIII. 569,1 c. 
 
 Bo'denstedt, Friedrich Martin, German au¬ 
 thor, II. 771. 
 
 Bodhi , in Buddhism, III. 393, 2 b. 
 
 Bodichon, Eugene [buh-de-sli6 ng ], French phy¬ 
 sician, II. 772. Barbara Leigh, 1 b. 
 
 Bodin, Jean [biih-da ng ], French publicist, II. 
 
 772. 
 
 Bodina , town, YI. 402, 1 c. 
 
 Bodlei'an Library, II. 772 (ill.). 
 
 Bod'ley, Sir Thomas, founder of the Bodleian 
 library, II. 773. 
 
 Bod'mer, Georg, Swiss mechanic, II. 773. 
 Bodmer, Johann Jakob, German scholar and 
 literary reformer, II. 773. 
 
 Bodmin, town of England, II. 773. 
 
 Bodminian , a mediaeval name of Bodmin, II. 
 
 773, 2 b. 
 
 Bodock ', tree, YIII. 604, 1 c; XII. 714, 2 a. 
 Bodo'ni, Giambattista, Italian printer, II. 773. 
 Body-color painting, XVI. 501, 1 ab. 
 
 Boece [boise]: see Boethius, Hector. 
 
 Boehm, Jakob [bom], German mystic, II. 774. 
 Boehme , Jakol) [bo'-meh]: see Boehm. 
 Boehme'ria nive'a (botany), XIY. 194, 2 c; ill., 
 195. 
 
 Boeijens [bo-I'-yence], family name of Pope 
 Adrian YI., I. 131, 2 c. 
 
 Bce'otarch , chief magistrate of Boeotia, II. 774, 
 2 c. 
 
 Bceotia [be-o'-sha], division of ancient Greece, 
 
 II. 774. Boeotian confederacy, 2 c. Modern 
 Boeotia, 775, 1 b. 
 
 Boeotians , ancient race, II. 774, 2 c. Their pro* 
 verbial dulness, 775, 1 b. 
 
 Boeotians of France , II. 157, 1 c (Auvergne). 
 Boerhaave, Hermann [bore'-hav; Dutch, 
 boor'-ha-veh], Dutch physician, II. 775. His 
 chemical experiments, IY. 360, 2 c. Check 
 given by him to the study of comparative 
 anatomy, Y. 185, 2 ab. His theory of in¬ 
 flammation, IX. 275, 1 a. 
 
 Boeroe [Dutch, boo-roo'] : see Booro. 
 
 Boers [boors], Dutch colonists of S. Africa, II. 
 775. Their migrations, 776, 1 a. Orange 
 River Republic, 2 b. Transvaal Republic, 
 777, 1 a. 
 
 Boethius, Anicius Manlius Torquatus Severi¬ 
 nus [bo-e'-the-us], Roman philosopher, II. 
 777. His supposed indebtedness to Capella, 
 
 III. 749, 1 c. 
 
 Boethius, Hector, Scottish historian, II. 778. 
 BoAtie, Etienne de la [la bo-a-se], French au¬ 
 thor, II. 778. 
 
 Bcenf gras [buf gra], procession of, in Paris, 
 IY. 9, 2 c. 
 
 Bog, II. 778. Timber raised from bogs, 2 a. 
 Peat marsh of Montoire, France, 2 c. Bogs 
 of Ireland, ib. Chatmoss, England, 779,1 b. 
 American bogs, 1 be. 
 
no 
 
 BOG 
 
 BOISE 
 
 Bog, river: see Bug. 
 
 Bogar'dus, Everardus, Dutch-Ainerican cler¬ 
 gyman, II. 780. 
 
 Bogardus, James, American inventor, II. 780. 
 
 His dry meter, VII. 639, 1 a. (Died 1874.) 
 Bogardus Corners, a former name of Syracuse, 
 N. Y., XV. 644, 2 a. 
 
 Bog-bumper , bird, II. 670, 2 a. 
 
 Bogdano'vitch, Ippolit Fedorovitch, Russian 
 poet, II. 781. 
 
 Bog do lama , X. 116, 1 a (Lamaism). 
 
 Boggs, Charles Stuart, American naval officer, 
 II. 781. 
 
 Boghead cannel, IX. 812, 2 ab. 
 
 Bogie [bo'-ghe], in railroad carriages, XIV. 172, 
 
 1 c; 173, 1 c; 181, 2 a; XV. 338, 2 a. 
 Bogies , in coal mining, V. 66, 1 ab. 
 
 Boglipoor', district of Bengal, II. 781. Capi¬ 
 tal, 2 a. 
 
 Bogodukhov', town of Russia, II. 781. 
 Bogomiles, religious sect : see Basil, a Bulga¬ 
 rian physician, II. 361; VIII. 55, 1 a; XIII. 
 178, 1 a. 
 
 Bog Ore, iron, II. 779 ; I. 339, 2 c ; IX. 408,1 a. 
 Bogota, Santa Fe de [san-ta fa da bo-go-ta'], 
 capital of Colombia, II. 781; view, 782. 
 Plain of Bogota, 2 b. History, 783, 1 b. 
 Bogue, David [boag], Scottish preacher and au¬ 
 thor, II. 783. 
 
 Bogue, the : see Booa Tigris. 
 
 Boguslawski, Adalbert [bo-goo-slav'-ske], Po¬ 
 lish actor and dramatist, II. 783. 
 
 Bohaddin: see Boha-Eddin. 
 
 Boha-Eddin, Abul-Mohassen Yusuf ibn She- 
 dad [bo'-ha-ed-deen'], Arabian historian, II. 
 
 783. 
 
 Bohea: see Tea, XV. 600, 2 a. 
 
 Boheim, Hans [bo'-hime]: see Peasants’ "War, 
 XIII. 215, 1 b. 
 
 Bohe'mia, division of the Austro-Hungarian 
 monarchy, II. 783. Mountains, 2 c. Rivers, 
 
 784, 1 c. Geology, 2 a. Climate and soil, 
 
 2 b. Industry, 2 c. Inhabitants, 785, 1 c. 
 Government, 2 b. History, 2 c. 
 
 Bohemian Brethren, II. 786. See Augusta, 
 John, II. 110, 2 c; Lissa, X. 522, 2 b. 
 Bohemian Language and Literature, II. 787. 
 Bohemian peasants (ill.), II. 784, 1 a. 
 Bo'hemond, Marc, Norman crusader, II. 790 ; 
 I. 293, 2 a and b. 
 
 Bohlen, Peter von [bo'-len], German oriental¬ 
 ist, II. 790. 
 
 Bohl Faber, Cecilia [bol fa'-ber], Spanish au¬ 
 thoress, II. 790. (Died 1877.) 
 
 Bohl von Faber , Nikolas , Spanish author, II. 
 790, 1 b. 
 
 Bbhm, Jakob: see Boehm. 
 
 Bohm, Theobald, German flutist, II. 790. 
 
 Bohn, Henry George [bone], English publisher, 
 II. 790. 
 
 Bohol [bo-ole'], island, Philippines, II. 790. 
 
 Bohtlingk, Otto [bot'-link], Russian oriental- 1 
 ist, II. 791. 
 
 Bo'hun, Edmund, English writer, II. 791. 
 
 Boiar: see Boyar. 
 
 Boiardo, Matteo Maria [bo-yar'-do], Italian 
 poet, II. 791; IX. 460, 2 c. 
 
 Bo'idee, family of serpents, II. 762,1 a. Gene¬ 
 ra : python, 1 c (ill.); hortulia, 2 b (ill.); 
 boa, 2 c (ill., 763); eunectes, ib. Character 
 and habits, ib., ff. 
 
 Boieldieu, Francois Adrien [bo-yel-dyiih], 
 French composer, II. 791. 
 
 Bon [bo'-yi], Celtic people, II. 791. In Bava¬ 
 ria, 401, 2 c; in Bohemia, 785, 2 c. 
 
 Boil, inflamed tumor, II. 792. 
 
 Boileau-DesprJEsaux, Nicolas [b wa-lo-da-pra-o], 
 French poet and critic, II. 792. 
 
 Boiled oil, X. 513, 1 c. 
 
 Boiler: see Steam Boiler. 
 
 Boiling, in iron manufacture, IX. 400, 1 b. 
 
 Boiling lake, II. 230, 2 a. 
 
 Boiling Point, II. 793. Method for ascertain¬ 
 ing the boiling points of liquids, 2 c (ill., 
 794). Experiments on the boiling point of 
 water, 794, 1 a (ills.). Probable cause of 
 steam-boiler explosions, 795, 2 c. Tables 
 of boiling points, 793, 2 b, 796. Variation 
 of temperature of boiling point, XV. 326, 
 2 b. 
 
 Boiling-point barometer, II. 329, 1 c. 
 
 Boiling springs: see Geysers. 
 
 Bois, John: see Boyse. 
 
 Boisard, Jean Jacques Francois Marie [bwa- 
 zar], French fabulist, II. 796. Jacques Fran¬ 
 cois, 1 c. 
 
 Bois Fare [Fr. bwa dark; Eng. bo dark], VIII. 
 604, 1 c; XII. 714, 2 a. 
 
 Bois de Boulogne [bwa dub boo-lony’], park of 
 Paris, III. 154, 1 ab; XIII. 81,1 b; 97,1 c; 
 
 99, 2 c; map of, 100. Avenue, 81, 1 b ; 
 
 100, 2 c. 
 
 Bois de Rhodes [rode], source of oil of rose¬ 
 wood, XIV. 441, 1 b. 
 
 Bois de vache [vash], dried ordure for fuel, II. 
 668, 1 c. 
 
 Boise [boi'-za], county, II. 796. 
 
 Boise City, capital of Idaho, II. 796. 
 
BOISE 
 
 BOLSWARD 
 
 111 
 
 Boise Shoshones , American Indians, IX. 166, 
 
 1 be. 
 
 Bois Franc [Fr. bwa fra n& ], a forest in Minne¬ 
 sota, XI. 604, 2 c. 
 
 Bois-le-Duo [bwa-liik-duk], city of Holland, 
 II. 797. 
 
 Boissieu, Jean Jacques de [bwa-se-iih], French 
 engraver, II. 797. 
 
 Boissy, Hilaire Etienne Octave Rouille, mar¬ 
 quis de [bwa-se], French politician, II. 797. 
 Boissy d’Anglas, Francois Antoine de [da ng - 
 gla], French statesman, II. 797. 
 
 Boiste, Pierre Claude Yictoire [bwast], French 
 lexicographer, II. 797. 
 
 Boivin, Marie Anne Yictoire Gillain [bwa- 
 va 115 ], French midwife, II. 797. 
 
 Bojador', Cape, Africa, II. 798. 
 
 Bojardo [bo-yar'-do]: see Boiaedo. 
 
 Boker, George Henry, American dramatist 
 and poet, II. 798. 
 
 Bokhara [bo-k’ha'-ra], khanate of Turkistan, 
 
 II. 798. Description, 1 c. Productions, 2 c. 
 Inhabitants, 799, 1 a (ill., 798). Trade, 1 b. 
 Government, 1 c. History, 2 a. Capital 
 city, 800, 1 be. 
 
 Bolcoi , tree, YII. 110, 1 c. 
 
 Bol, Ferdinand, Dutch painter, II. 800. 
 
 Bolan Pass [bo-ldn'], Beloochistan, III. 5 (ill.). 
 River, 1 c. 
 
 Bo'las, South American weapon, III. 5. 
 Bolbeo, town of France, III. 5. 
 
 Boldon BooJc, survey of Durham, Eng., YI. 
 198, 2 b. 
 
 Bole, mineral, III. 5. 
 
 Bole'rium Promonto'rium : see Land’s End. 
 Bole'ti , fungi, colors of, YII. 529, 1 c; 531, 
 
 2 b. 
 
 Bole'tus edu'lis , fungus, YII. 530,1 c (ill., 531). 
 Boleyn, Anne: see Anne Boleyn. 
 
 Bolgrad', town of Roumania, III. 6. 
 
 Bolides [bo'-le-deez]: see Bolis (Index). 
 Bolingbroke, Henry St. John, viscount [bol'- 
 ing-brook], English statesman and author, 
 
 III. 6. 
 
 Bolintineano^ Demeter [bo-lin-te-na-d'-no], 
 Roumanian poet, III. 6. 
 
 Bo'lis , meteoric fire ball, XI. 429, 2 c. 
 Bol'ivar, county, III. 7. 
 
 Bolivar , county seats, YIII. 452, 1 a; XIII. 
 680, 1 a. 
 
 Bolivar y Ponte, Simon [Sp. bo-le'-var e pone'- 
 taj, liberator of Colombia, III. 7. Self-pro¬ 
 claimed dictator at Caracas, 2 b. Command¬ 
 er-in-chief of Yenezuela and Xew Granada, 
 
 8, 1 b. Chief executive of Yenezuela, 2 ab. 
 President of Colombia, 9, 1 ab. Dictator of 
 Peru, 1 c. Perpetual protector of Bolivia, 
 2 a. Reelected president of Colombia, 2 b. 
 Compelled to resign, 10, 1 a. Ilis charac¬ 
 ter, ih. 
 
 Boliv'ia, republic of South America, III. 10. 
 Map, 11. Bolivian Indians, 10, 2 a. Coast, 
 12, 1 a. Surface, 1 c. Lakes, 2 c. Rivers, 
 13,1 b. Geology, 2 a. Minerals, 2 b. Cli¬ 
 mate and diseases, 14, 1 a. Productions, 
 1 b. Fauna, 2 b. Intercommunication, 1 c. 
 Manufactures, 15,1 b. Commerce, ib. Gov¬ 
 ernment, 1 c. Finances, 2 a. Education 
 and religion, 2 b. History, ib. 
 
 Bolkiiov', town of Russia, III. 16. 
 
 Bol'lan, William, English lawyer, III. 16. 
 
 Borland, John, learned Jesuit, III. 16. Ori¬ 
 ginator of the Acta Sanctorum , 2 be. 
 
 Bollandists , III. 16, 2 c; I. 74, 1 c. 
 
 Bollan'dus: see Bolland. 
 
 Bollinger [bol'-lin-jer], county, III. 17. 
 
 Bollulos del Condado [bo-lyoo'-loce ZAail 
 kone-£M'-£/io], town of Spain, III. 17. 
 
 Bollmann, Eric [btil'-man], German physician 
 and politician, III. 17. 
 
 Boll worm [bole]: see Cotton Worm, Y. 420, 
 1 c, and Maize, XI. 45, 1 b. 
 
 Bologna [bo-lo'-nya], province of Italy, III. 
 17. Capital city, 2 b. Leaning towers, 2 c 
 (ill., 18). University, 18, 2 a; YI. 412, 2 c; 
 XYI. 210,1 c. Fountain, III. 17, 2c; 19, 2 b. 
 History, 19, 1 c. Campo santo, IY. 187, 2 c. 
 
 Bologna, Giovanni da, Italian sculptor and 
 architect, III. 19. 
 
 Bologna phials , I. 532, 1 b and c. 
 
 Bologna phosphorescing stone , II. 312, 2 c ; III. 
 17, 2 b. 
 
 Bolognese school of painting: see Carracci. 
 
 Bolognetti palace [bo-lo-nyet'-te], Rome, YII. 
 305, 1 a. 
 
 Bolonchen [bo-lone-chain'], village of Yuca¬ 
 tan, III. 19. 
 
 Bolonia: see Boulogne, III. 153, 2 a. 
 
 Bolor Tagh [bo-lor' tag], mountains of central 
 Asia, III. 19. 
 
 Bolsec , an opponent of Calvin, III. 634, 2 c. 
 
 Bolsena [bole-sa'-na], town of Italy, III. 20 
 (ill.). Lake of, 1 b. 
 
 Bolshoi , name of a Russian bell, II. 496, 1 a; 
 ill., 497. 
 
 Bolson de Mapimi [bole-sone' dd md-pe'-me], 
 plain in Mexico, IY. 725, 1 b. 
 
 Bolsward [bol'-swdrt]: see Bolswert. 
 
112 
 
 BOLSWERT 
 
 BONAPARTE 
 
 Bolswert, Boetius Adam [bol-swairt], Dutch 
 engraver, III. 20. Scheltius, engraver, 1 c. 
 Bolt, in a flour mill, XVI. 588, 1 c. 
 
 Bolt , in the foot of the horse, VIII. 826, 1 c. 
 Bolting cloth , XVI. 588, 1 c. 
 
 Bolton [bole'-tun], town of England, III. 20. 
 Bolton-le-Moors: see Bolton. 
 
 Bolt rope , of a sail, XIV. 866, 1 a. 
 
 Bolzano, Bernhard [bole-tsa'-no], German phi¬ 
 losopher and theologian, III. 20. 
 
 Bomarsund [bo'-mar-soond], channel, gulf of 
 Bothnia, III. 20. Port of, I. 237, 1 b. 
 
 Bomb [bum], submarine, employed by Fulton, 
 VII. 535, 2 b. 
 
 Bomba , sobriquet of Ferdinand II. of Naples, 
 VII. 135, 1 a. 
 
 Bombard [bum'-bard], mediaeval cannon, I. 
 
 785, 1 b (ill.), 2 be; III. 706, 2 ab. 
 
 Bombard , or bombardelle, first portable fire¬ 
 arm, XII. 96, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Bombardatore [bom-bar-da-to'-ra], sobriquet of 
 Ferdinand II. of Naples, VII. 135, 1 a. 
 Bombardier beetle [bum-bar-deer'], insect, II. 
 
 476, 1 ab (ill.). 
 
 Bombard' ment, XV. 26, 2 b. 
 
 Bornbax , tree, referred to, VII. 148, 2 c. 
 Bombay', province of British India, III. 20. 
 Capital city, 22, 1 ab; view, 21. Harbor, 
 22, 2 a. 
 
 Bombay hemp , VIII. 633, 2 b. 
 
 Bombel'li, Raffaello, Bolognese mathematician, 
 
 III. 23. 
 
 Bomberg, Daniel [bom'-bairg], Dutch printer, 
 III. 23. His editions of the Hebrew Bible, 
 II. 610, 2 b, c. 
 
 Bombet , Alexandre Cesar or L. A. C. [bo ng -ba], 
 a name assumed by Beyle, II. 601, 2 ab ; IV. 
 17, 2 a. 
 
 Bombus (entomology), II. 457, 1 c. B. terres- 
 tris, 2 c (ill.). B. muscorum, 458, 1 ab. B. 
 lapidarius, 458, 1 b. 
 
 Bombyces [bom'-be-seez], moths, XI. 867, 2 c. 
 Bombycil'la (ornithology), XVI. 517, 1 c. B. 
 
 cedrorum, IV. 166, 1 c. 
 
 Bombyl'ius cequa'lis (entomology), VI. 129, 2 b. 
 Bombyx (entomology), XI. 868, 1 a; XV. 43, 
 1 c. B. mori, XV. 43, 1 c (ills.). 
 
 Bomerang: see Boomerang. 
 
 Bomjim [bo ng -fee ng/ ], a Portuguese insurrection¬ 
 ist, I. 343, 2 a. 
 
 Bomford, Col., inventor of the columbiad, I. 
 790, 2 a. 
 
 Bom Jesus [bo ng zha'-zoos], chapel of, at Braga, 
 Portugal, III. 183, 1 ab. 
 
 Bona, seaport of Algeria, III. 23 (ill.). 
 
 Bona, Giovanni, Roman cardinal, III. 23. 
 
 Bona Dea, Roman divinity, III. 23. Festival 
 of, 2 be. 
 
 Bona and mala species , Haeckel’s theory of, 
 VIII. 372, 2 c, and 373, 1 a. See 371, 2 c. 
 
 Bonacca, island in Honduras bay, III. 23. 
 
 Bonacci [bo-nat'-che]: see Leonardo da Pisa. 
 
 Bonaccio [bo-nat'-cho]: see Leonardo da Pisa. 
 
 Bonald, Louis Gabriel Ambroise, viscount de 
 [buh-nald], French political writer, III. 24. 
 Louis Jacques Maurice, cardinal, 1 c. 
 
 Bonaire [bo-nair]: see Buen Ayre. 
 
 Bo'naparte, or Buonaparte [Fr. bo-na-part; 
 Ital. boo-o-na-par'-ta], family of, III. 24. 
 
 Bonaparte, Carlo Maria, father of Napoleon 
 I., III. 24. Maria Letizia (Madame Lsetitia), 
 mother of Napoleon I., 25,1 b. Marie Anne 
 Elisa Bacciochi, princess of Piombino and 
 Lucca, and grand duchess of Tuscany, 2 b. 
 Marie Pauline, Princess Borghese and duch¬ 
 ess of Guastalla, 2 c. Caroline Marie An- 
 nonciade, queen of Naples, 26, 1 c. 
 
 Bonaparte, Jerome, king of Westphalia, III. 
 26. His marriage in Baltimore, 2 c. Sepa¬ 
 rated from his wife, 27, 1 a. His naval and 
 military services, 1 b, 2 a, b. Made king 
 and remarried, 1 c. An exile, 2 b. Re¬ 
 stored to France, 28, 1 a. Mme. Patterson, 
 his first wife, 1 ab.—Jerome Napoleon, King 
 Jerome’s son by Mme. Patterson, 28, 1 b. 
 Jerome Napoleon, his son, 1 c. Jerome 
 NapoKon, second son of King Jerome, 2 a. 
 Napoleon Joseph Charles Paul (Prince Na¬ 
 poleon), ib. Mathilde Lsetitia Wilhelmine 
 (Princess Mathilde), 29, 2 b; V. 792, 1 a. 
 
 Bonaparte, Joseph, king of Naples and of 
 Spain, III. 29. His services to Napoleon, 
 30, 1 be. Made king of Naples, 2 a; of 
 Spain, 2 b. Expelled, 2 c. In the United 
 States, 31, 1 ab. His correspondence with 
 Napoleon, 2 a.—Zenaide Charlotte Julie, 
 2b; 35, 1 a, c. Charlotte, 31, 2 b. 
 
 Bonaparte, Louis, king of Holland, III. 31. 
 His unhappy marriage, 2 c. Jlade king, ib. 
 His resistance to Napoleon, 32, 1 a. Com¬ 
 pelled to abdicate, 1 c. His works, 33, 1 a 
 —NapoKon Louis, 1 b. 
 
 Bonaparte, Lucien, prince of Canino, III. 33. 
 Legislator, minister, and diplomatist, 2 b, c. 
 (See Brumaire.) Self-exiled, 34,1 ab. His 
 generosity to Napoleon, 1 c; to B6ranger, 
 2 ab. His works, 2 b. His wives and daugh¬ 
 ters, 2 be.—Charles Lucien Jules Laurent, 
 
BONAPARTE 
 
 BOND 
 
 113 
 
 prince of Canino and Musignano, naturalist, 
 35, 1 a. His classification of fishes, IX. 161, 
 
 1 a; of mammals, XI. 81,'2 b ; of birds, XII. 
 704, 2 a, 708, 1 c. Ilis “American Ornithol¬ 
 ogy,” III. 35, 1 c, and XVI. 650, 2 b. His 
 wife, Zenaide, III. 35,1 a, c; daughters, 2 a; 
 sons, Joseph Lucien Charles Napoleon, Lu- 
 cien Louis Joseph Napoleon, Napol6on Gr6- 
 goire Jacques Philippe, 2 ah.—Louis Lucien, 
 philologist and chemist, 35, 2 b. His version 
 of the parable of the sower in 72 dialects, ib ., 
 and I. 245, 1 b. On the Basque language, 
 III. 33, 2 c, and II. 367, 2 b.—Pierre Napo¬ 
 leon (Prince Pierre), III. 35, 2 c. His as¬ 
 sassination of Victor Noir, 36, 1 b, 53, 2 a; 
 XII. 473, 2 ab.—Antoine, fourth son of Lu¬ 
 cien, III. 36, 1 c. 
 
 Bonaparte, Napoleon, first emperor of France, 
 III. 36. His birthplace, I. 224, 2 c (ill.). 
 His education and early fortunes, III. 36, 
 
 2 a, If. Siege of Toulon, 37, 2 be. Com¬ 
 mander-in-chief of the army of the interior, 
 38, 2 a. Marriage with Josephine Beauhar- 
 nais, 2 ab. Italian campaigns, 38, 2 b, If. 
 (see IX. 451, 1 ab). Expedition to Egypt 
 and Syria, 39, 2 c. First consul of the re¬ 
 public, 40, 1 c (see Brumaiee). Internal ad¬ 
 ministration, 2 a, 41, 1 b. Battle of Maren¬ 
 go, 40, 2 b. Pacification of Europe, ib. His 
 treatment of Santo Domingo, 2 c. Consul 
 for life, 41, 1 a. War with England, 2 a. 
 Execution of the duke d’Enghien, &c., 2 b. 
 Made emperor, 2 be. Anointed king of Italy, 
 2 c. Battle of Austerlitz, 42, 1 b. Confed¬ 
 eration of the Rhine, 1 c. Occupation of 
 Berlin, 2 b. Berlin decree, ib. Treaty of 
 Tilsit, 2 c. Overthrow of the kings of Por¬ 
 tugal and Spain—peninsular war, 43, 1 a, b. 
 Campaign in Austria, 2 ah. Annexation of 
 the Papal States, 2 b. His divorce and re¬ 
 marriage, 2 c. Extent of the French em¬ 
 pire, 44, 1 a. Reverses in Spain, 1 b. Rus¬ 
 sian campaign, 1 c. Sixth coalition against 
 France, 2 c. Campaign of France, 45, 1 c. 
 Abdication, 2 a. Escape from Elba, 2 ab. 
 Battle of Waterloo, and second abdication, 
 2 c (see X. 99, 1 be). Imprisonment at St. 
 Helena, 46, 1 a. Character and bibliography, 
 1 b. Napoleon’s military system, I. 749,1 c- 
 750, 1 a. His management of cavalry, IV. 
 146, 1 a; 152, 1 a, c. Relations with the 
 emperor Alexander I., I. 281, 2 a-282, 2 c. 
 Call of a national ecclesiastical council with¬ 
 out the sanction of the pope, V. 423, 1 b. 
 
 8 
 
 —Josephine, empress of France, III. 46, 2 a. 
 Marriage with the marquis de Beauharnais, 
 ib. Acquaintance and marriage with Bona¬ 
 parte, 2 c. Crowned empress, 47, 1 b. Di¬ 
 vorced, ib. PeFsonal traits, and memoirs, 
 2 c.—Maria Louisa, archduchess of Austria, 
 Napoleon’s second wife, 47, Her mar¬ 
 
 riage, 2 b. Birth of a son, 2 c. Made duchess 
 of Parma, Piacenza, and Guastalla, ib. Mor¬ 
 ganatic marriage with Count Albert Adam 
 von Neipperg, 48, 1 a. Personal traits, and 
 memoirs, 1 b.—Napoleon II. (Napoleon Fran¬ 
 cois Charles Joseph, duke of Reichstadt), 
 son of Napoleon I. and Maria Louisa, 48, 
 
 1 b. 
 
 Bonaparte, Napoleon III. (Charles Louis Napo¬ 
 leon), emperor of France, III. 48. Heir of 
 Napoleon I., 1 c. His revolutionary attempt 
 at Strasburg, ib .; at Boulogne, 49, 1 b. Es¬ 
 cape from Ham, 1 c. Elected president of 
 the republic, 2 b. Overthrow of the Roman 
 republic, 2 c. Coup d'etat of 1851, 50, 1 c. 
 Restoration of the empire, 2 b. His marriage, 
 
 2 c. Crimean war, ib. Franco-Italian war 
 against Austria, 51, 1 b. Peace of Villa- 
 franca, 1 c. Anglo-French war in China, 
 1 a, 2 b. Relation with the insurgent Con¬ 
 federate States, 2 c. Mexican expedition, 
 ib .; its failure, 52, 1 c, 2 b. Internal oppo¬ 
 sition, 2 c. Reform measures, 53,1 b. Un¬ 
 friendly relations with Prussia, 2 b. War 
 with Germany, 54, 1 a. Surrender to the 
 king of Prussia, 2 ab. Imprisonment at 
 Wilkelmshohe, 2 b. Deposition, 2 c. Resi¬ 
 dence at Chiselhurst, ib. Bibliography, 55, 
 1 a.—Eugenie Marie de Montijo, empress of 
 France, 55, 1 a. Her marriage, 1 b. Re¬ 
 gent, 1 c. Escape from Paris, 2 a.—Napo¬ 
 leon Eugene Louis Jean Joseph, prince im¬ 
 perial, 2 b. 
 
 Bona'sa umbel’lus (ornithology), VIII. 271, 2 c. 
 
 Bonaventu'ea, Saint, cardinal, III. 55. 
 
 Bonavino , Francesco [bo-na-vS'-no] : see Fran- 
 
 CHI. 
 
 Bonamsta: see Boavista. 
 
 Bonohamp, Charles Melchior Artus, marquis 
 de [bo ng -sha ng ], French soldier, III. 56. 
 
 Bond, in law, III. 56. Bond with penalty, 
 chancery relief in case of non-performance 
 of the condition, IV. 258, 2 be. 
 
 Bond, county, III. 56. 
 
 Bond, Thomas Emerson, x\merican physician, 
 editor, and preacher, III. 56. 
 
 Bond, William Cranch, American astronomer, 
 
114 
 
 BONDI 
 
 BOOK 
 
 III. 56; his lunar photographs, XI. 800, 2 
 he. George Phillips, astronomer, III. 57, 1 a. 
 Bondi, Clemente, Italian poet, III. 57. 
 Bondoo', kingdom of Africa, III. 57. Bon- 
 doos (ill.), 2 a. • 
 
 Bonds of attraction, in mineralogy, XI. 584,1 b. 
 Bond street, fashionable locality of London, X. 
 595, 1 c. 
 
 Bone, III. 57. Chemical constitution, 58, 1 b. 
 Microscopical examination, 2 c, ff. (ills., 59). 
 Ultimate structure, 60, 1 a. Ossification, 
 1 b ; process of, 1 c. Reparative power, 61, 
 1 a. Bones of reptiles, fishes, and birds, 1 b. 
 (See Birds, II. 653, 2 a, and compare III. 
 666, 2 b; Comparative Anatomy, V. 173, 
 
 1 be.) Complete development of the osseous 
 system, 1 c. 
 
 Bone, Henry, English enamel painter, III. 61. 
 
 H. P., enamel painter, 2 be. 
 
 Bone Ash, III. 61 ; II. 5, 2 be. 
 
 Bone Black, III. 62. 
 
 Bone Caves, III. 63. Of Mentone, XI. 395, 
 
 2 c; ill., 396. 
 
 Bone dog , YI. 183, 2 ab. 
 
 Bone Dust, III. 63. 
 
 Bone earth, for cupels, VIII. 817, 2 be. 
 
 Bone filling: see Zinc, XYI. 818, l,b. 
 Bone'set, plant, III. 64 (ill.). 
 
 Bonet', Juan Pablo, Spanish instructor of deaf 
 and dumb, III. 64. See Y. 730, 2 c. 
 
 Bon Gaultier, pseudonyme, XI. 211, 1 be. 
 Bonham [bon'-um], county seat, VII. 80, 2 a. 
 Bongos , canoes, Y. 85, 2 a. 
 
 Bonheur, Rosalie (Rosa), [bun-iir], French 
 painter, III. 65. Raymond, artist, 1 a. Au¬ 
 guste, artist, 1 be. Jules Isidore, sculptor, 
 1 c. Juliette (Mme. Peyrol), painter, ib. 
 Bonhomme [bon'-um], county, III. 65. 
 
 Bon Homme Richard [Fr. huh num re-shar], 
 ship of war, IX. 678, 2 c. 
 
 Bo'ni, state of Celebes, III. 65. Town, 2 b. 
 Bon'iface, name of nine popes, III. 65. Boni¬ 
 face VIII., his sixth book of decretals, 719, 
 1 c. 
 
 Boniface, Saint, apostle of Germany, III. 66. 
 Boniface , Roman general, I. 155, 1 c ; 156, 1 a; 
 XVI. 564, 2 a. 
 
 Boniface, Joseph Xavier [buli-ne-fas]: see 
 Saintine. 
 
 Bonifacio [bo-ne-fa'-cho], Strait of, III. 67. 
 Bonin, Eduard "Wilhelm Ludwig von [bo- 
 neen'], Prussian general, III. 67. Adolf 
 von, general, 2 a. 
 
 Bonin Islands, N. Pacific, III. 67 (ill.). 
 
 Bon'ington, Richard Parkes, English painter, 
 III. 67. 
 
 Bonito [bo-ne'-to], fish, III. 68 (ill.). Plain 
 bonito, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Bonjour [bo ng -zlioor], two brothers, founders 
 of a sect in France, III. 68. 
 
 Bonn [bun], city of Prussia, III. 68. Univer¬ 
 sity of, 69, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Bonna , ancient name of Bonn, III. 69, 2 a. 
 
 Bonnacks : see Bannacks. 
 
 Bonner, Edmund, English bishop, III. 69. 
 
 Bonner, Robert, American journalist, III. 70. 
 
 Bonnet, Charles [bun-na], Swiss naturalist, 
 III. 70. 
 
 Bonnet , Mysian and Phrygian, VIII. 509, 2 b. 
 
 Bonneval, Claude Alexandre, count de [bun- 
 val], pasha of Caramania, III. 70. Referred 
 to, IV. 48, 2 a. 
 
 Bonneville, Benjamin L. E. [bon'-vil], Ameri¬ 
 can soldier, III. 71. (Died 1878.) 
 
 Bonnevoglies [bun-vo-gle]: see Galley, VII. 
 577, 1 c. 
 
 Bonnivard, Francois de [bun-ne-var], French 
 writer and politician (prisoner of Chillon), 
 III. 71. 
 
 Bon'nycastle, John, English mathematician, 
 III. 71. Charles, mathematician, 2 b. 
 
 Bonny River, Africa, III. 71. 
 
 Bono 'mi, Giuseppe, Italian architect, III. 71. 
 Joseph, English archaeologist and author, 2 c. 
 
 Bononcini, Giovanni Battista [bo-non-che'-ne], 
 Italian composer, III. 72. Rivalry with 
 Handel, ib ., and VIII. 437, 2 c. 
 
 Bono'nia , ancient town, III. 17, 2 b; 19, 2 c. 
 “Bononia docet,” motto on Bolognese coins, 
 18, 2 ab. 
 
 Bonpas [bo ng -pa], town of France, III. 270, 2 c. 
 
 Bonpland, Aime [bo ng -pla ng ], French traveller 
 and naturalist, III. 72. His detention by 
 Dr. Francia, 1 c, and VII. 416, 1 c. 
 
 Bon'stetten, Charles Victor de, Swiss author, 
 III. 72. 
 
 Bontob'rica , ancient town, III. 87, 2 be. 
 
 Bonvicino, Alessandro [bon-ve-che'-no], Ital¬ 
 ian painter, III. 72. 
 
 Bony pike, fish, VII. 621, 2 c. 
 
 Bonzes, Buddhist priests, III. 72; IX. 539, 
 1 b; XIII. 832, 1 c. Japanese bonzes (ill.), 
 III. 72. 
 
 Booby, bird, III. 73 (ill.). 
 
 Boodroom' : see Halicarnassus. 
 
 Book, III. 73. Origin of the word, ib., and II. 
 373, 2 a. The most ancient books extant, 
 III. 73, 2 c. Ancient books and writing mate- 
 
BOOKBINDING 
 
 BORDEN’S 
 
 115 
 
 rials (ill.), 74; price of, 2 a-b. Palimpsest, 
 75, 1 a. Manufacture of a book, 75, 2 b; 
 size of page, folio, &c., 2 c, 78, 1 b. Earli¬ 
 est publishers in the United States, 70, 1 be. 
 Book business in this country, 2 a, ff. 
 
 Book'binding, III. 77. Processes of binding, 
 78, 1 a. Folding machine, 1 c (ill.). Book¬ 
 sewing machine, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Booh of Common Prayer : see Common Prayer, 
 Book of (Index). 
 
 “Booh of Concord ” X. 731, 1 c. 
 
 “Booh of Heroes ” (Heldenbuch ), VII. 763, 2 b. 
 
 “Booh of Josiponf IX. 689, 2 b. 
 
 Booz'keeping, III. 80. 
 
 Booh of Kells, Irish manuscript, XI. 131, 2 c. 
 
 Boohs , bundles of raw silk, XV. 42, 1 a. 
 
 Boohsellers ’ Retreat , I. 10, 1 b (Abbots-Lang- 
 ley). 
 
 Booh trade of Leipsic, X. 329, 2 a. 
 
 Bool [bo-ole']: see Bohol. 
 
 Boolak', town of Egypt, III. 81. Museum of, 
 XI. 166, 1 a. 
 
 Boole, George, English logician, X. 581, 2 c; 
 582, 2 a and b; 583, 2 a. 
 
 Boolundshahur [boo-lund-shaw'-er], district 
 of Ilindostan, III. 81. Town, 2 a. 
 
 Boom [borne], town of Belgium, III. 81. 
 
 Boo'mekang, Australian missile, III. 81 (ill.); 
 II. 132, lb; IX. 744, 1 b. 
 
 Boon, of flax, VII. 263, 2 c. 
 
 Boondee', state of Ilindostan, III. 81. Capital, 
 82, 1 b. 
 
 Boone, seven counties, III. 82. 
 
 Boone, county seat, XVI. 494, 1 b. 
 
 Boone, Daniel, American pioneer, III. 83. 
 
 Boone, William Jones, American missionary 
 bishop, III. 83. 
 
 Boonesboro, county seat, III. 83, 1 a. 
 
 BooNESBOEOUGn, village of Kentucky, III. 84. 
 
 Boonetown, New Jersey, III. 84, 2 ab. 
 
 Booneville: see Boonville. 
 
 Boonton, town of New Jersey, III. 84. Boon- 
 ton iron works, 1 b. 
 
 Boonville, city of Missouri, III. 84. 
 
 Boonville, county seat, XVI. 463, 2 a. 
 
 BooRnANPOOR', town of British India, III. 84. 
 
 Booro', island, Malay archipelago, III. 85. 
 
 Boot: see Shoe, XIV. 873, 1 b. 
 
 Boot, instrument of torture, XV. 815, 1 ab. 
 
 Bootan', territory of India, III. 85. Bootans, 
 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Boote'ahs, people of Bootan, III. 85, 2 c (bis). 
 
 Bootes [bo-o'-teez], constellation, III. 86; I. 
 681, 1 a. 
 
 Booth, Barton, English actor, III. 86. 
 
 Booth, Sir Felix, English manufacturer, III. 86. 
 
 Boothia Felix named for him, 1 be. 
 
 Booth, Junius Brutus, English tragedian, III. 
 
 86. Edwin, American actor, 2 b. John 
 
 Wilkes, actor, assassin of Abraham Lincoln, 
 2 c, and X. 498, 2 c. ^ 
 
 Boothauk [boot-hawk'], village and pass of 
 Afghanistan, III. 87. 
 
 Booth'bay, township of Maine, III. 87. 
 Bootherium [bo-o-the'-re-um], (zoology), XII. 
 102, 1 ab. 
 
 Boothia Felix, peninsula, North America, III. 
 
 87. See Booth, Sir Felix. 
 
 Boothia Gulf, British America, III. 87. 
 Booton', island, eastern archipelago, III. 87. 
 Bopal [bo-pal']: see Bhopaul. 
 
 Bopp, Franz, German philologist, III. 87. Bopp- 
 Stiftung, 2 b. 
 
 Boppard, or Boppart [bup'-part], town of Prus¬ 
 sia, III. 87 (ill.)* 
 
 Bora, Katharina von, wife of Luther, III. 88 ; 
 X. 728, 1 a. 
 
 Bora (wind), XI. 355, 1 a. 
 
 Boracic Acid : see Boric Acid. 
 
 Bo'racite, mineral, III. 88. 
 
 Borage, plant, III. 88 (ill.). 
 
 Bora'go : see Borage. 
 
 Borah, in Mohammedan traditions, X. 45, 1 c 
 (Koran). 
 
 Borassin'ece, tribe of palms, XIII. 19, 1 b. 
 Boras'sus, genus of palms, XIII. 19, 1 c. B. 
 
 flabelliformis, ib . (ill.). B. iEthiopum, 2 c. 
 Bo'rate of sodium, III. 88, 2 b. 
 
 Borax, III. 88. Prismatic borax, 89, 1 b; 
 
 calcined, 2 be ; octahedral, ib. Uses, 2 c. 
 Borax glass, III. 89, 2 be. 
 
 Borax lahe, in California, III. 603, 1 c. 
 Borazite : see Boracite. 
 
 Bor'beck, town of Prussia, III. 90. 
 
 Borcette [bor-set], town: see Burtscheid. 
 Bord, system of mining, V. 70, 1 c. 
 
 Borda, Jean Charles, French mathematician, 
 III. 90. His method of weighing, II. 233, 2 c. 
 Borde, Andrew, English physician, III. 90. 
 Bordeaux [bor-do], city of France, III.. 90. 
 
 View, 91. Grand theatre (ill.), ib. 
 Bordeaux, Duke of: see Chambord, Count de. 
 Bordeaux Wines : see France, Wines of, VII. 
 410, 2 a; 411, 1 b. 
 
 Bordelais [bor-duh-la], district of France, III. 
 
 92. Wines of, VII. 410, 2 a. 
 
 Borden, Simeon, American engineer, III. 92. 
 Borden's grass, VIII. 167, 2 c. 
 
116 
 
 BORDENTOWN 
 
 BOROWLASKI 
 
 Boedentown, township of New Jersey, III. 92. 
 Boedley, John Beale, American agriculturist, 
 III. 92. 
 
 Boedone, Paride [bor-do'-na], Venetian painter, 
 III. 92. 
 
 Bordure , in heraldry, VIII. 672, 2 a. Bordure 
 compony or gohony, 2 ab; counter-compony, 
 ib. ; chequy, ib.; wary, ib. See plate (after 
 p. 670), on the left. 
 
 Boee, of tides, HI, 92. Bore of the Amazon, 
 description of, I. 379, 2 b. See Tides, XY. 
 742, 2 a. 
 
 Bore'adce , children of Boreas, III. 93, 1 a. 
 Bo'eeas, III. 92 (ill.). 
 
 Boreas'mi , festival of Boreas, III. 93, 1 a. 
 Boee'cole, variety of cabbage, III. 93 (ill.). 
 Boeel'li, Giovanni Alfonso, Italian mathema¬ 
 tician and physician, III. 93; XI. 350, 2 a. 
 Borer , fish, XII. 122, 1 a. 
 
 Borers , insects, VIII, 532, 2 c; 553, 2 ab; X. 
 572, 1 b. 
 
 Bore stone , II. 287, 2 c. 
 
 Boegeehout [bor'-gher-howt], town of Bel¬ 
 gium, III. 93. 
 
 Boeget, Auguste [bor-zha], French painter, 
 III. 93. 
 
 Boeghese [bor-ga'-za], Italian family, III. 93. 
 Camillo (Pope Paul V.), 2 b; XIII. 172, 
 1 a. Camillo Filippo Ludovico, prince, III. 
 
 93. 2 c; 26, 1 a. 
 
 Borghese gladiator , statue, I. 173, 2 b. Dis¬ 
 covery of, 573, 1 b. 
 
 Boeghesi, Bartolommeo [bor-ga'-ze], Italian 
 numismatist, III. 94. 
 
 Boeghi-Mamo, Adelaide [bor'-ghe-ma'-mo], 
 Italian singer, III. 94. 
 
 Boegi, Giovanni [bor'-je], Roman mechanic, 
 founder of ragged schools, III. 94. 
 
 Borgia, Alfonso [bor'-ja], name of Pope Calix- 
 tus III., III. 618, 2 b. 
 
 Boegia, Cesare, Italian prelate and soldier, III. 
 
 94. His poisoned ring, XIY. 338, 2 a (Ring). 
 Lucrezia, III. 95, 1 a. 
 
 Borgia , Rodrigo , name of Pope Alexander VI., 
 I. 279, 2 c. 
 
 Boegia, St. Francis, general of the Jesuits, III. 
 
 95. 
 
 Boegia, Stefano, Italian cardinal aft'd states¬ 
 man, III. 95. 
 
 Bobgne [born], lake, Louisiana, III. 95. 
 
 Borgo: see Leonine City. 
 
 Boego, Pozzo di: see Pozzo di Boego. 
 Boegognone, Jacopo Cortesi [bor-go-nyo'-na], 
 Italian painter, III. 95. 
 
 Boegomaneeo [bor-go-ma-na'-ro], town of Pied¬ 
 mont, III. 95. 
 
 Boegoo', two kingdoms of Africa, III. 95. 
 
 Bo'eio Acid, III. 95. 
 
 Boric anhydride , III. 96, 1 a. 
 
 Bobie, Pierre Rose Ursule Dumoulin [bo-re], 
 French missionary, III. 97. 
 
 Boeing, III. 97. Boring machine, 2 a (ill.). 
 Drills, 98, 2 a (ill.). Tools for boring wood, 
 98, 2 b (ills.); for metals, 99, 1 c, 98, 2 b 
 (ills.); for glass, 99, 2 c. Rock drills, 99, 2 c 
 (ills., 100, 101). See Blasting, II. 697, 1 b; 
 700, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Boris Godunojf', czar of Russia, Y. 789, 2 b ; 
 XIY. 490,' 2 be. 
 
 Boeisoglebsk', town of Russia, III. 101. 
 
 Bobisov', town of Russia, III. 101. 
 
 Boejesson, Johan [bor'-yes-son], Swedish dram¬ 
 atist, III. 101. 
 
 Boe'lace, Edmund, English historian, III. 
 
 101 . 
 
 Boen, Bertrand de, French troubadour and 
 warrior, III. 101. 
 
 Boe'na, town of Saxony, III. 101. 
 
 Boene, Ludwig [bor'-neh], German author, 
 III. 101. 
 
 Boe'neo, island, Malay archipelago, III. 102. 
 General description, 1 c, ff. Mount Kina- 
 Balu, 2 b; view, 103. Minerals, 103, 2 c. 
 Climate, 104, 1 b. Vegetation, 1 be. Fau¬ 
 na, 2 a. Territorial divisions, 2 b. Inhabi¬ 
 tants, 2 c. Foreign acquisitions, 105, 1 b. 
 
 Boenheim [born'-hime], village of Germany, 
 III. 105. Bornheimer Heide, 1 c. 
 
 Boen'holm, island of Denmark, III. 105. 
 
 Boenoo', country of central Africa, III. 105. 
 Bornoose, 2 c. Body guard of Bornoose 
 sultan, 106,1 a (ill., 105). Bornoo language, 
 referred to, I. 171, 2 a. 
 
 Borobo'do , temple of, in Java, IX. 576, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Boeodino [bo-ro-de'-no], village of Russia, and 
 battle at, III. 106. 
 
 Boroihme [bo-roim']: see Beian Bobu. 
 
 Boeon (chemistry), III. 106. Amorphous, 2 a; 
 crystallized, 2 b. Atomic weight, 107, 1 a; 
 hardness, 106, 2 c, 107, 1 a. 
 
 BoronatrocaV cite, mineral, III. 89, 2 a. 
 
 Boeough [bur'-o], III. 107. In the United 
 States and England, 2 b; XV. 828, 1 c. 
 
 Borough , the, London, X. 593, 1 b. 
 
 Boroughreeve : see Mayoe. 
 
 Boeovitch'i, town of Russia, III. 107., 
 
 Boeovsk', town of Russia, III. 107. 
 
 BorowlasM , Count , dwarf, YI. 335, 2 b. 
 
BORRICHIA 
 
 BOSTON 
 
 11T 
 
 Borrichia frutes'cens [bor-rik'-e-a], (botany), 
 XII. 760, 1 b. 
 
 Borrome'an Islands, Italy, III. 107. Isola 
 Bella (ill.), 108. 
 
 Borromeo, Carlo [bor-ro-ma'-o], saint and car¬ 
 dinal, III. 108. Referred to, II. 318, 2 c; 
 
 319, 1 a. * 
 
 Borromeo, Federigo, archbishop of Milan, III. 
 
 108. 
 
 Borromeo , St. Charles , Oblates of, XII. 565,1 a. 
 Borromeo, St. Charles, Sisterhood of, III. 109. 
 Borromeo , Vitaliano, count, III. 107, 2 c. 
 Borromini, Francesco [bor-ro-me'-ne], Italian 
 architect, III. 109. 
 
 Bor'row, George, English author, III. 109. 
 Borroicdale , England, graphite mine at, VIII. 
 165, 1 c. 
 
 Borrowing days , XI. 151, 1 a (March). 
 
 Borsa [bor'-shaw], village of Hungary, III. 109. 
 Borse [bor'-zeh], German exchange, VII. 21, 
 
 1 a. 
 
 Borsod [bor'-shod], county of Hungary, III. 109. 
 Bort , impure diamond, VI. 76, 1 c. 
 BornslawsM , Count [bo-roo-slav'-ske], dwarf, 
 VI. 335, 2 b. 
 
 Borussi , ancient inhabitants of Prussia, XIV. 
 54, 2 a. 
 
 Bory de Saint Vincent, Jean Baptiste George 
 Marie [bo-re duh sa ng va Dg -sa ng ], French natu¬ 
 ralist, III. 109. See Ethnology, VI. 754, 1 c. 
 Borysthenes [bo-ris'-the-neez]: see Dnieper. 
 Borzivoy, duke of Bohemia, V. 620, 1 c. 
 
 Bos, Lambert, Dutch philologist, III. 109. 
 
 Bos, Hieronymus, Flemish artist, III. 109. 
 
 Bos (zoology), XII. 757,1 b, c. B. primigenius, 
 
 2 be; II. 120, 2 a. B. urus, ib. B. bison, 
 ib. B. bubal us, III. 410,1 c (ill.). B. Caffer, 
 1 c and 2 c (ill., 411). B. arni, 2 b. B. gaunis, 
 411, 1 c. B. Indicus, XVI. 808, 1 ab. B. 
 Sondaicus, referred to, III. 104, 2 ab; IX. 
 575, 1 b; XVI. 808, 1 c. 
 
 Bo's a, town of Sardinia, III. 110. 
 
 Bosboom, Johannes [bos'-bome], Dutch painter, 
 III. 110. 
 
 Bose, Louis Augustin Guillaume, French nat¬ 
 uralist, III. 110. 
 
 Boscan (Boscan Almogaver), Juan [boce-kan'], 
 Spanish poet, III. 110; XV. 220, 2 ab, ff. 
 Boscawen, Edward [bos'-ka-wen], British ad¬ 
 miral, ill. lio. 
 
 Bosch, Hieronymus de [dSh bosk], Dutch phi¬ 
 lologist, III. 110. 
 
 Bosch: see Bos, Hieronymus. 
 
 Bosco: see Bos, Hieronymus. 
 
 Bos'covicn, Ruggiero Giuseppe, Italian nat¬ 
 ural philosopher, III. 110. 
 
 Boshmaili [bosh-mi'-le], Turkish name of Bos¬ 
 nia, III. Ill, 2 b. 
 
 Bosio, Angiolina [bo'-ze-o], Italian ‘ vocalist, 
 
 III. 111. 
 
 Bosio, Francois Joseph, French-sculptor, III. 
 
 111 . 
 
 Bosjesmans [bos'-yes-mans]: see Bushmen. 
 
 Derivation of the name, I. 169, 1 c. 
 
 Bosmana , an old name of Bodmin, II. 773, 2 b. 
 Bosna: see Bosnia. 
 
 Bosna-Serai [bos-na-sa-rl'], capital of Bosnia, 
 
 III. 111. 
 
 Bos'nia, province of European Turkey, III. 
 
 111. Inhabitants, 112, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Bospor , local name of Kertch, IX. 813, 2 c. 
 Bos'porus, Thracian, strait, Turkey, III. 112 
 (ill., castles of Europe and Asia, 113). Cim¬ 
 merian, 113,1 c. Ancient kingdom, ib. Free 
 navigation of the Bosporus and Dardanelles, 
 X. 224, 2 a. 
 
 Bosporus , ancient city : see Iaertch. 
 
 Bospro, a mediaeval name of Kertch, IX.813,2 c. 
 Bosque [bos'-ka], county, III. 113. 
 
 Bosquet, Pierre Joseph Francois [bus-ka], 
 French soldier, III. 113. 
 
 Bos'si, Giuseppe, Italian painter, III. 114. 
 Bossi, Giuseppe Carlo Aurelio, baron de, Ital¬ 
 ian poet and diplomatist, III. 114. 
 
 Bossi, Luigi, count, Italian historian and archae¬ 
 ologist, III. 114. 
 
 Bos'sier [Fr. bus-se-a], parish of Louisiana, 
 III. 114. 
 
 Bossu , a kind of palm, XIII. 20, 2 a. 
 
 Bossuet, Jacques B6nigne [bus-su-a], French 
 prelate, III. 114. See Meaux. His friend¬ 
 ship with Fenelon, VII. 122, 2 ab; contro¬ 
 versy with him, 123, 1 be. Commissioner 
 to try Mine. Guyon for heresy, 1 ab. 
 
 Bossut, Charles [bus-su], French mathema¬ 
 tician, III. 115. 
 
 Bostan', town of Asiatic Turkey, III. 115. 
 Bos'ton, game, III. 116. 
 
 Boston, capital of Massachusetts, III. 116. 
 View from the harbor, 117. Growth and 
 population, 117,1 b. Divisions, 2 b. Faneuil 
 hall, 118, 2 b (ill.). State house, 119, 1 a 
 (ill.). “Old elm,” 120, 2 b. Commerce, 121, 
 1 a. Ice trade, 2 b. Government, 122, 2 a. 
 Water supply, 2 c. Benevolent institutions, 
 123, 2 b. Schools, 124, 1 b. Public library, 
 125, 1 a. Associations, 1 c. The press, 2 c. 
 Churches, ib. History, 126, 2 a. Origin of 
 
118 
 
 BOSTON 
 
 BOTTLE 
 
 the name, 129, 2 a. Eire in 1872, 128, 2 a; 
 Y. 238, 1 ab. 
 
 Boston, seaport of England, III. 128. St. Bo- 
 tolpli’s church, 2 c (ill., 129). Cotton chapel 
 (ill.), 129. See Cotton, John, Y. 411,1 ab. 
 
 Boston, Thomas, Scottish clergyman, III. 129. 
 
 Boston marrow, plant, XY. 293, 2 c. 
 
 Boston massacre, XVI. 155, 1 be; I. 85, 2 ab, 
 108, 2 b; II. 98, 1 c; VIII. 435, 1 b; XIY. 
 154, 1 a. 
 
 Boston JVeics Letter, first stable American news¬ 
 paper, I. 138, 1 b; XII. 342, 1 b. 
 
 Boston Patriot, political newspaper, I. 95, 1 c. 
 
 Boston 'port bill, closing the port to all com¬ 
 merce, XYI. 155, 2 a. Treatment of this act 
 by other colonial ports, III. 127, 2 c. 
 
 Boston tea party, IX. 94, 1 b; XYI. 155, 1 c. 
 The tory governor’s opinion of their act, 
 III. 127, 2 c. Retaliation of the imperial 
 government, ib., and XYI. 155, 2 a. 
 
 Bostra : see Bozrah. 
 
 Boswell, James, biographer of Dr. Johnson, 
 III. 129 ; IX. 666, 2 c. Sir Alexander, III. 
 130, 1 c. James (2d), # 2 a. 
 
 Boswel'lia serra'ta (botany), VII. 431, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Boswortii, town of England, III. 130. Bos- 
 worth field, and monument (ill.), 2 b. Bat¬ 
 tle of, ib., and XIY. 315, 2 a. 
 
 Bosworth, Joseph, D. D., English philologist, 
 III. 130. (Died 1876.) 
 
 Botal, foramen of, foetal, III. 131, 1 b. 
 
 BotatAi, Leonardo, Piedmontese physician, 
 III. 131. 
 
 Botanical dynasty, of the Jussieus, IX. 724,1 c. 
 
 Botany, III. 131. History, 2 a. Classification 
 of plants, 133, 1 b. Linnoean system, 2 a. 
 Jussieu’s, and modification of it, 134, 1 b. 
 Endlicher’s, 135,1 a. Hooker and Bentham’s 
 Genera Plantarum, 2 ab. Physiological and 
 anatomical botany, ib. "Writers on botany, 
 2 b, ff. 
 
 Botany, parish of New South Wales, III. 138. 
 
 Botany Bay, New South Wales, III. 138. 
 
 Botany Bay kino, tree, YI. 768, 2 a. 
 
 Botany Bay resin, VIII. 171, 2 b. 
 
 Botargo, preparation of fish roes, II. 673, 2 c. 
 
 Botau'rus stella'ris (ornithology), II. 670, 1 c 
 (ill.). B. lentiginosus, 2 a. 
 
 Botero [bo-ta'-ro],. on political economy, XIII. 
 665, 2 c. 
 
 Botes , synonyme of estovers, YI. 742, 1 c. 
 
 Botetourt [bot'-e-turt], county, III. 138. 
 
 Botetourt, Norborne Berkeley, baron, English 
 statesman, III. 138. 
 
 Botfly, III. 141, 2 b (ill.); XIY. 839, 2 ab. 
 Both, Jan [bote], Dutch painter, III. 138. An¬ 
 dreas, painter, 2 b. 
 
 Both'nia, gulf, Baltic sea, III. 138; II. 251, 2 a. 
 Bothrioceph'alus la'tns (entozoa), YI. 666, 1 c 
 (ill.). 
 
 Both' well, village of Scotland, III. 139. Both- 
 well bridge, battle of, 1 b. Both well castle, 
 
 1 c (ill.)- Manse of Bothwell, ib. 
 
 Bothwell, James Hepburn, earl of, third hus¬ 
 band of Mary, queen of Scots, III. 139 ; XI. 
 234, 1 c. 
 
 Botocudos [bo-to-koo'-doce], tribe of Brazilian 
 Indians, III. 140 (ill.). 
 
 Botolph, St., church of, III. 128, 2 c (ill., 129): 
 
 see Cotton, John. Priory of, Y. 43,1 b (ill.). 
 Botoshan', city of Roumania, III. 141. 
 Botryodac'tyla gran’dis, echinoderm, XIY. 728, 
 
 2 a. 
 
 Bot'ryolite, mineral, X. 479, 2 a. 
 
 Botry’tis Bassiana, epiphyte, YI. 690,1 a; XII. 
 65, 2 ab; XY. 45, 1 a. B. infestans, YI. 687, 
 2 c; VII. 531, 2 ab, 532, 1 c. (Compare 
 XIII. 771, 2 b.) 
 
 Bots (entomology), III. 141. Bot fly (ill.), 2 b. 
 Bot'ta, Carlo Giuseppe Guglielmo, Italian his¬ 
 torian, III. 141. Paul Emile, French archae¬ 
 ologist, 142, 1 c. 
 
 Botta, Vincenzo, Italian scholar, III. 142. 
 Anne Charlotte Lynch, American poetess, 
 2 b. 
 
 Bottari, Giovanni Gaetano [bot-ta'-re], Italian 
 prelate, III. 142. 
 
 Bottcher [bot'- c her]: see Bottger, Johann 
 Friedrich. 
 
 Bottesini, Antonio [bot-ta-ze'-ne], Italian com¬ 
 poser, III. 142. 
 
 Bottger, Adolf [bot'-gher], German poet, III. 
 143. 
 
 Bottger, Johann Friedrich, Saxon alchemist, 
 III. 143. His invention of porcelain, 1 be; 
 XIII. 784, 2 b. 
 
 Bottger, B., his process for platinizing glass, 
 XI. 633, 2 a. 
 
 Botticelli, Sandro [bot-te-cheV-le], Italian 
 painter, III. 143. 
 
 Bottiger [bot'-te-gher], alchemist: see Bott¬ 
 ger, Johann Friedrich. 
 
 Bottiger, Karl August, German arclueologist, 
 III. 143. Karl Wilhelm, historian, 2 ab. 
 Bottiger, Karl Vilhelm, Swedish poet, III. 143. 
 Bottle, III. 143. Skin bottles, 2 c (ill.). 
 Egyptian bottles, 144, 1 b (ill.). Glass bot¬ 
 tles, 1 c. Mould bottles, 2 a (ill.). Marver, 
 
BOTTLE 
 
 BOUNTY 
 
 110 
 
 2 b (ill.). Punty, 2 c (ill.)* Finishing bench, 
 
 145, 1 a (ill.). Finishing tools, 1 b (ill.). 
 Rickets’s patent, 1 be. 
 
 Bottle grass , XI. 556, 1 c. 
 
 Bottle-liead dolphin , YI. 193, 1 a. 
 
 Bottle-holder , in the prize ring, XIY. 73, 2 be; 
 74, 1 ab. 
 
 Bottle imp , or Cartesian diver, IX. 120, 1 ab. 
 Bottle-nosed dolphin , YI. 192, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Bottle Tree, III. 145 (ill.). 
 
 Bottom fishing , I. 498, 2 a. 
 
 Bottomry, in maritime law, III. 145. 
 
 Botts, John Minor, American politician, III. 
 
 146. 
 
 Botushani [bo-too-sha'-ne]: see Botosiian. 
 Bot'zaris : see Bozzaris. 
 
 Bot'zen, town of Tyrol, III. 146 (ill.). • 
 Bouchardon, Edme [boo-shar-do ng ], French 
 sculptor, III. 146. 
 
 Boucher, Francois [boo-ska], French painter, 
 III. 146. 
 
 Boucher, Jonathan [bow'-cher], English cler¬ 
 gyman, III. 147. 
 
 Boucher, Pierre [boo-ska], Canadian pioneer, 
 III. 147. 
 
 BoucnER de Crevecceur de Perthes, Jacques 
 [dull kraiv-kiir du.h pairt], French archae¬ 
 ologist and author, III. 147. 
 Bouches-du-Rhone [boosh-dii-rone], depart¬ 
 ment of France, III. 147. 
 
 Boucicault, Dion [boo'-se-ko], British drama¬ 
 tist and actor, III. 147. 
 
 Boudice'a : see Boadicea. 
 
 Boudinot, Elias [boo'-de-not], American pa¬ 
 triot, III. 148. 
 
 Bouet-Willaumez, Louis Fdouard, count de 
 [bwa-ve-lyo-ma], French naval officer, III. 
 148. 
 
 Boufarik [boo-fa-reek'], town of Algeria, III. 
 148. 
 
 Bouffe, Marie [boo-fa], French comedian, III. 
 148. 
 
 Bouflers, Louis Francois, marquis and duke 
 de [boo-flair], French soldier, III. 148. 
 Bouflers, Stanislas, marquis de, French author, 
 
 III. 149. 
 
 Bouflers-Rouvrel, Marie Charlotte Hippo- 
 lyte, countess de, III. 149. Countess Amelie 
 de Bouflers, 1 b. 
 
 Bougainville, Louis Antoine de [boo-ga ng - 
 veel], French soldier and navigator, III. 149. 
 Boughton, George TI. [bow'-tun], American 
 painter, III. 149. 
 
 BouGiAn [boo'-je-a], town of Algeria, III. 150. 
 
 Bougie [boo-zhe]: see BouGiAn. 
 
 Bouguer, Pierre [boo-gair], French physicist, 
 III. 150; YI. 356, 2 a. 
 
 Bouguereau, Guillaume Adolphe [boo-gro], 
 French painter, III. 150. 
 
 Bouille, Francois Claude Amour, marquis de 
 [duh boo-ya], French general, III. 150. 
 
 Bouillet, Marie Nicolas [boo-ya],""French met¬ 
 aphysician and encyclopaedist, III. 150. 
 
 Bouillier, Francisque [boo-ya], French phi¬ 
 losopher, III. 151. 
 
 Bouillon [boo-yo ng ], town of Belgium, III. 151 
 (ill.). Dukes of, 1 c. Prince of, 2 a. Mort¬ 
 gaged to the bishop of Liege, 1 c, 2 b. 
 
 Bouillon, Godfrey de, the hero of the first 
 crusade, III. 151. Baldwin I., king of Jeru¬ 
 salem, 152, 1 ab ; II. 238, 1 c. 
 
 Bouillon, Henri de la Tour d’Auvergne, duke 
 de, III. 152. Frederic Maurice de la Tour 
 d’Auvergne, duke de, 1 c. 
 
 Bouilly, Jean Nicolas [boo-ye], French drama¬ 
 tist and novelist, III. 152. 
 
 Boulainvilliers, Henri, count de [boo-la ng -ve- 
 ya], French historian, III. 152. 
 
 Boulah : see Boolak. 
 
 Boulard [boo-lar], bibliomaniac, II. 622, 1 c. 
 
 Boulder [bole'-der], county, III. 152. 
 
 Boulder City, county seat, III. 152, 2 b. 
 
 Boulders : see Bowlders. 
 
 Boule, Theodore [boo-la], French publisher, 
 III. 152. 
 
 Boule [boo'-le], senate of ancient Athens, II. 
 55, 1 a. Legislature of modern Greece, 
 YIII. 205, 2 ab. 
 
 Bouleuterion , Delphian council house, Y. 785, 
 2 b. 
 
 Boulevards of Paris [Fr. bool-var], XIII. 79, 
 1 c, ff. 
 
 Boullongne, Louis [boo-lo ng ny’], French paint¬ 
 er, III. 152. Bon, painter, 153, 1 a. Louis 
 de, painter, ib. Genevieve and Madeleine, 
 painters, 2 a. 
 
 Boulogne-sur-Mer [boo-lony’-sur-mair], town 
 of France, III. 153 (ill.). Boulogne-sur- 
 Seine [-siir-sain], village, 154, 1 ab. Bois de 
 Boulogne, 1 b. 
 
 Boulter, Hugh [bole'-ter], English prelate, III. 
 154. 
 
 Boulton, Matthew, English mechanician, III. 
 154. 
 
 Bou Maza [boo ma'-za], Arab chief, III. 154. 
 
 Bouncing Bet , plant, XY. 138, 2 a. 
 
 Bounty, mutiny of the crew of the, II. 712, 
 1 a; XIII. 546, 1 c. 
 
120 
 
 BOUQUET 
 
 BOUWERY 
 
 Bouquet-green , plant, X. 744, 2 c. 
 
 Bouquetin [book-ta ng ], Swiss name of the ibex, 
 IX. 142, 2 c. 
 
 Bouquet of wine [boo-ka], XYI. 666, 2 c. 
 
 Bourbaki, Charles Denis Sauter [boor-ba'-ke], 
 French soldier, III. 154. 
 
 Bourbon [bur'-bun], two counties, III. 155. 
 
 Bourbon [boor-bo ng ], island : see Reunion. 
 
 Bourbon, French ducal and royal family, III. 
 155.—Ducal family, 2 ab. Louis II., 2 b. 
 Jean I., 2 c. Charles I., count of Clermont, 
 2 c. Jean II., 156, 1 a. Charles, constable 
 de Bourbon, 1 ab.—Royal dynasties of Bour¬ 
 bon : France, 156, 1 c; Spain, 2 c ; Naples, 
 ib. ; Parma, 157, 1 a. 
 
 Bourbon, Louis Henri, duke of, III. 157. 
 
 Bourbon, Louis Henri Joseph, duke of, prince 
 of Condd, III. 157. 
 
 Bourbon-Lancy [boor-bo ng -la ng -se], watering 
 place of France, III. 157. 
 
 Bourbon-l’Archambault [-lar-sha ng -bo], town 
 of France, III. 157; 155, 2 ab. 
 
 Bourbonnais [boor-bun-na], province of 
 France, III. 157. 
 
 Bourbonne-les-Bains [boor-bun-la-ba ng ], town 
 of France, III. 157. 
 
 Bourbon-Vendee : see Napoleon-Vendee. 
 
 Bourdaloue, Louis [boor-da-loo], French prel¬ 
 ate and pulpit orator, III. 157. 
 
 Bourdeilles [boor-day’]: see Brantome, III. 
 211, 2 c. Andrd de, 212, 1 c. 
 
 Bourdelot [boord lo], physician and favorite 
 of Queen Christina, IV. 548, 2 c. 
 
 Bourdin, Maurice [boor-da ng ], antipope as 
 Gregory VIII., III. 158. 
 
 Bourdon, Louis Pierre Marie [boor-do ng ], 
 French mathematician, III. 158. 
 
 Bourdon, Sebastien, French painter, III. 158. 
 
 Bourg [boor], town of France, III. 158. 
 
 Bourg, Anne du, French Protestant martyr, 
 III. 158. 
 
 Bourgade, Francois [boor-gad], French priest 
 and orientalist, III. 158. 
 
 Bourgelat, Claude [boorzh-la], French vet¬ 
 erinary surgeon, III. 158. School estab¬ 
 lished by him, ib ., and I. 298, 1 a. 
 
 Bourg-en-Bresse [boor-ga ng -bress]: see Bourg. 
 
 Bourgeois, Anicet: see Anicet-Bourgeois. 
 
 Bourgeois, Dominique Francois [boor-zhwa], 
 French inventor, III. 158. 
 
 Bourges [boorzh], town of France, III. 159. 
 Cathedral of St. Etienne, 1 c (ill.). Prag¬ 
 matic sanction of Bourges, 2 a. 
 
 Bourges , counts of, II. 581, 1 c. 
 
 Bourgogne [boor-gony’]: see Burgundy. 
 Bourguignon [boor-ghe-nyo ng ], his manufactory 
 of gems, VII. 665, 2 a. 
 
 Bourignon, Antoinette [boo-re-nyo ng ], French 
 fanatic, III. 159. 
 
 Bourmont, Louis Auguste Victor de Ghaisne, 
 count de [duh boor-mo ng ], French soldier, 
 III. 159. Expedition to Algeria, I. 306, 1 c. 
 Bourne, Hugh [boorn], English clergyman, 
 III. 160. 
 
 Bourne, Vincent, English poet, III. 160 . 
 Bouro: see Booro. 
 
 Bourrienne, Louis Antoine Fauvelet de [boor- 
 re-en], private secretary of Napoleon, III. 
 160. 
 
 Bourrit, Marc Thdodore [boor-re], Swiss artist 
 and author, III. 160. 
 
 Boursault, Edme [boor-so], III. 161. 
 
 Bourse [boors], stock exchange, VII. 21, 1 a; 
 of Antwerp, 2 a. See Stock Exchange, 
 XV. 388, 2 be. 
 
 Bourseulle , Charles , XV. 622,* 1 c. 
 Boussingault, Jean Baptiste Joseph Dieu- 
 donne [boo-sa ng -go], French chemist, III. 
 161. Experiments on fattening of animals, 
 
 I. 119, 1 c, 2 a; in feeding fowls, 316, 1 ab. 
 His devotion to agricultural chemistry, I. 
 200, 1 a. Ascent of Chimborazo, IV. 437, 
 1 a. 
 
 Boussingaul'tia (botany), XIII. 509, 1 b. 
 
 Boustrophe'don, ancient mode of writing, VIII. 
 
 735, 2 c; XVI. 740, 1 a. 
 
 Boutefeux [boot-fuh], incendiaries,VII. 210, 2 a. 
 Bouteiller, Sophie de [boo-ta-ya], Madame De- 
 saulx : see Browne, Ilenriette. 
 
 Bouterwek, Friedrich [boo'-ter-vek], German 
 metaphysician and sestheticist, III. 161. 
 Bouteville, Franqois de Montmorency, sei¬ 
 gneur de [duh boot-veel], French duellist, 
 III. 161. 
 
 Bouts rimes [boo re-ma], blank sonnets, XV. 
 164, 2 a. 
 
 Bout'well, George Sewall, American states¬ 
 man, III. 162. 
 
 Bouvart, Alexis [boo-var], Swiss astronomer, 
 III. 162. 
 
 Bouvet, Joachim [boo-va], French Jesuit mis¬ 
 sionary, III. 162. 
 
 Bouvier, John [boo-veer'; Fr. boo-vya], Amer¬ 
 ican jurist, III. 162. Hannah M., astronom¬ 
 ical writer, 2 c. 
 
 Boumnes [boo-veen]: see Bovines. 
 
 Bouwery , the dominie's , farm in New York, 
 
 II. 780, 1 c. 
 
BOVES 
 
 BOYLE 
 
 121 
 
 Boves, Jose Tomas [bo'-vace], Spanish Amer¬ 
 ican military adventurer, III. 162. 
 
 Bovey coal, III. 344, 1 b. 
 
 Bovines [bo-veen], village of France, and bat¬ 
 tles at, III. 163. 
 
 Bovino [bo-ve'-no], town of Italy, III. 163. 
 
 Bovinum : see Bovino. 
 
 Bovista gigantea , fungus, I. 510, 2 o. 
 
 Bow: see Archery. 
 
 Bow and Arrow castle , XIII. 730, 1 c. 
 
 Bow bells, London, X. 598, 1 c. 
 
 Bow'dicii, Thomas Edward, English traveller, 
 III. 163. 
 
 Bowditch, Nathaniel, American mathemati¬ 
 cian, III. 163. His “ Navigator ” and “ Use¬ 
 ful Tables,” X. 578, 1 b. 
 
 Bowdoin, James [bo'-dwin], governor of Mas¬ 
 sachusetts, III. 164. James, benefactor of 
 Bowdoin college, 1 b. 
 
 Bowdoin College, III. 164. 
 
 Bowen, Francis [bo'-en], American author, III. 
 165. His treatise on logic, X. 582,1 b. On 
 the English school of political economy, 
 XIII. 677, 1 c. 
 
 Bow'er Bird, III. 165. Satin bower bird, 2 c 
 (ill., 166). Green satin bird, 166, 2 a. Spot¬ 
 ted bower bird, 2 b. Great bower bird, 2 be. 
 
 Bowery, the, in New York, origin of name, 
 XV. 433, 2 c. 
 
 Bowjin [bo'-fin], fish, XII. 26, 1 a. 
 
 Bowie [boo'-e], county, III. 166. 
 
 Bowie, Colonel, I. 236, 2 a (Alamo). 
 
 Bowlder clay, VI. Ill, 2 be and c. 
 
 Bowl'ders, III. 167. See Diluvium, VI. Ill, 1 c. 
 
 Bowler, in the game of cricket, V. 482, 2 ab. 
 
 Bowles, Caroline [boalz]: see Soutiiey, XV. 
 201, 1 b. 
 
 Bowles, Samuel, American journalist, III. 167. 
 (Died 1878.) 
 
 Bowles, William Augustus, American adven¬ 
 turer, III. 167. 
 
 Bowles, William Lisle, English poet, III. 167. 
 
 Bowline [bo'-lin]: see Ship, XIV. 865, 2 b. 
 
 Bowling [bo'-ling], game, III. 168. Ancient 
 game of bowls, 1 b; bowling green, ib. 
 Modern game of tenpins, 2 a. 
 
 Bowling crease, in the game of cricket, V. 482, 
 1 b (diagram). 
 
 Bowling Green, town of Kentucky, III. 168. 
 
 Bowling Green, county seats, IV. 14, 2 b; 651, 
 1 c; XIII. 512, 1 b. 
 
 Bowling Green, ornamental park in New York, 
 III. 168, 1 c. Origin of the name, ib. 
 
 Bowls, game of : see Bowling. 
 
 Bowman, Thomas, D. D. [bo'-man], American 
 clergyman, III. 169. 
 
 Bowring, Sir John [bow'-ring], English states¬ 
 man and author, III. 169. His acquaintance 
 with Jeremy Bentham, II. 538, 1 a, c, 2 a. 
 
 Bowsprit [bo'-sprit]: see Ship, XIV. 865, 1 c. 
 Bowsprit shrouds, 2 a. 
 
 Bowyer, William [bo'-yer], English printer 
 and scholar, III. 169. 
 
 Box, tree, III. 169 (ill.). Leaves and fruit (ill.), 
 170. Dwarf box, 169, 2 c. Box wood, ib. 
 Majorca box, 170, 1 b. Medical use, 1 c. 
 
 Boxberry, plant, XVI. 674, 2 ab. 
 
 Box Elder, county, III. 170. 
 
 Box elder, tree, XI. 141, 1 a. 
 
 Boxiana, records of the prize ring, I. 448, 2 c; 
 book, XIII. 77, 1 a. 
 
 Boxing : see Pugilism. 
 
 Box wood: see Box, III. 169, 2 c. 
 
 Boyaca [bo-ya-ka'J, state of Colombia, III. 170. 
 Town, 2 c. 
 
 Boyar, or Boiar [bo-yar'], Slavic title, III. 170. 
 Treatment of the boyars by the czar Alexis, 
 I. 293, 2 c. 
 
 Boyaux [bwa-yo]: see Siege, XV. 29, 1 be. 
 
 Boyce, Hector: see Boethius, II. 778. 
 
 Boyce, William, English composer, III. 171. 
 
 Boyd, county, III. 171. 
 
 Boyd, Andrew Kennedy Hutchison, D. D., 
 Scottish author, III. 171. 
 
 Boyd, John Parker, American soldier, III. 171. 
 
 Boyd, Mark Alexander, Scottish scholar and 
 soldier, III. 171. 
 
 Boyd, Sir Thomas , earl of Arran, I. 763, 2 c. 
 
 Boyd, Zachary, Scottish divine, III. 172. 
 
 Boy'dell, John, English engraver and print 
 publisher, III. 172. American edition of his 
 illustrations of Shakespeare, 1 c. 
 
 Boydton, county seat, XI. 330, 2 c. 
 
 Boy'er, Abel [Fr. bwa-ya], English historian 
 and lexicographer, III. 172. His French- 
 English dictionary and grammar, 2 ab. 
 
 Boyer, Alexis, baron, French surgeon, III. 172. 
 
 Boyer, Christine Eleonore, first wife of Lucien 
 Bonaparte, III. 34, 2 be. 
 
 Boyer, Jean Pierre, president of Ilayti, III. 
 172 ; VIII. 552, 2 a. 
 
 Boyhood and girlhood , period of, I. 180, 2 c. 
 
 Boyle, county, III. 173. 
 
 Boyle, town, &c., of Ireland, III. 173. “ An¬ 
 nals of Boyle,” 1 b. 
 
 Boyle, C. B., his observations on the moon, 
 XI. 800, 1 a. 
 
 Boyle, Richard, earl of Cork, English poli- 
 
122 
 
 BOYLE 
 
 BRAGA 
 
 tician, III. 173.—Roger, statesman and au¬ 
 thor, 2 a.—Robert, natural philosopher and 
 philanthropist, 2 ab. His definition of the 
 chemical elements, IV. 359, 2 be; of acids 
 and alkalies, 2 c. Boyle’s and Mariotte’s law 
 (pneumatic), VI. 491, 1 c, and XIII. 628, 2 b. 
 His benefactions to Harvard and William and 
 Mary colleges, XVI. 634, 2 c.—Charles, earl 
 of Orrery, III. 174, 1 b. His dispute with 
 Bentley, II. 540, 2 a.—John, earl of Orrery 
 and of Cork, III. 174, 1 c. 
 
 Boyle lectureship , II. 540, 2 a. 
 
 Boylston, Zabdiel, American physician, III. 
 174. Introduces inoculation for smallpox, 
 2 a; 127, 2 a. 
 
 Boyne, river of Ireland, III. 174. “Boyne of 
 science,” 2 b. Battle of the Boyne, 2 be; 
 VI. 264, 1 c. 
 
 Boys : see Boyse. 
 
 Boyse, John, English theologian, III. 174. 
 
 Boz , Dickens’s early signature, VI. 88, 1 b. 
 
 Bozman, John Leeds, American historian and 
 jurist, III. 174. 
 
 Bozrah, ruined city of Syria, III. 175 (ill.); 
 VI. 410, 1 a. 
 
 Bozu (bonze), IX. 539, 1 b. 
 
 Bozzar'is, Marco (properly Marcos Bot'zaris), 
 Greek patriot, III. 175. Demetrius, 176, 1 a. 
 
 Bra [bra], town of Piedmont, III. 176. 
 
 Braake [bra'-keh]: see Brake. 
 
 Brabant, Duchy of [bra-bant'], III. 176. North 
 Brabant, province of the Netherlands, 2 a. 
 South Brabant, 2 b. 
 
 Brac'ara Augusta, ancient city: see Braga. 
 
 Bracciolini [brat-cho-le'-ne]: see Poggio. 
 
 Brace, in ships, XIV. 685, 2 b. 
 
 Brace, Charles Loring, American clergyman 
 and author, III. 176. 
 
 Brace, Julia, American blind deaf mute, III. 
 177. 
 
 Brachettone [bra-ket-to'-na], nickname, XVI. 
 408, 1 a. 
 
 Brachial plexus [brak'-e-al], XII. 232, 2 a. 
 
 Brachinus crep'itans [bra-ki'-nus], (entomol¬ 
 ogy), II. 476, 1 a (ilk). 
 
 Braciiiopoda [brak-e-op'-o-da], bivalves, III. 
 177 (ills.). Structure of, V. 201, 1 a; XI. 
 725, 1 b. 
 
 Brachiospon'gia, fossil sponge, XV. 282, 2 b. 
 
 Brachyceph'ali, division of mankind,VI.756,2 a. 
 
 Brachyo'tus Cassi'ni (ornithology), XII. 754, 
 1 b. B. palustris, 2 c. 
 
 Brachyrham'phus (ornithology), VIII. 310, 1 
 be. B. marmoratus, 1 c. 
 
 Brachys'tochrone (cycloid), V. 605, 2 ab. 
 Brachyu’rus (zoology), XI. 752, 1 a. 
 
 Bracken, county, III. 178. 
 
 Brack'enridge, Hugh Henry, American judge 
 and author, III. 178. Henry M., lawyer, 
 diplomatist, and author, 2 b. 
 
 Bracket-plate system, in iron ship building, X. 
 382, 1 c. 
 
 Brackett, Edwin E., American sculptor, III. 
 
 179. Walter M., painter, 1 a. 
 
 Brackley, Viscount: see Egerton, Thomas. 
 Bract, floral leaf, XIII. 584, 2 a; 585, 2 b. 
 Bracton, Henry de, chief justice of England, 
 
 III. 179. His treatise on English laws and 
 customs, V. 150, 1 b. 
 
 Brad awl, Ili. 98, 2 b (ilk). 
 
 Bradburn, Samuel, English clergyman, III. 179. 
 Braddock, Edward, English general, III. 179. 
 See Lee, Richard Henry, X. 290, 2 b, and 
 Washington, George, XVI. 485, 1 a. 
 Braddon, Mary Elizabeth, English novelist, 
 III. 179. 
 
 Bradford, two counties, III. 179. 
 
 Bradford, town of England, III. 179. Town 
 hall, 180, 1 a (ill., 179). 
 
 Bradford, Alden, American author, III. 180. 
 Bradford, John, English martyr, III. 180. 
 Bradford, William, governor of Plymouth 
 colony, III. 180. 
 
 Bradford, William, American printer, III. 
 
 180. Andrew, printer, 2 b. Thomas, pub¬ 
 lisher, 2 be. 
 
 Bradford, William, American lawyer, III. 180. 
 Bradford, William, American painter, III. 180. 
 Bradley, two counties, III. 181. 
 
 Bradley, James, English astronomer, III. 181. 
 Bradshaw, John, English regicide, III. 181. 
 Bradstreet, Anne, American poetess, III. 181. 
 Bradstreet, John, English general, III. 181. 
 Bradstreet, Simon, governor of Massachu¬ 
 setts, III. 182. 
 
 Bradstreet, Simon, American clergyman, III. 
 182. 
 
 Brad'wardin, Thomas (“the profound doc¬ 
 tor ”), English theologian, III. 182. 
 
 Bra'dy, James Topham, American lawyer, III. 
 182. 
 
 Brady, Nicholas, English divine, III. 182. 
 See Tate, Nahum. 
 
 Brad'ypus (zoology), XV. 107, 1 be. B. tri- 
 dactylus, 2 c (ill., 108). B. didactylus, 
 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Brag, game at cards, III. 182. 
 
 Braga [bra'-ga], city of Portugal, III. 183. 
 
BRANCHING 
 
 BRAGANQA 
 
 Braganqa [bra-g&n'-sa], town of Portugal, III. 
 
 183. 
 
 Braganqa, House of, III. 183. 
 
 Braganza: see Braganqa. 
 
 Bragg, Braxton, American general, III. 183. 
 Bragi [bra'-ghe], Scandinavian deity, XII. 120, 
 
 1 b. Allusion to, YI. 400, 1 a. 
 
 Bra'iiam, John, English singer, III. 183. Au¬ 
 gustus, singer, 184, 1 a. 
 
 Braiie, Tycho de [te'-ko deh bra, Ban. bra/- 
 fih], Danish astronomer, III. 184. His sys¬ 
 tem of astronomy, 2 be; II. 44, 2 c, ff. 
 Brahilov [bra-e-lov']: see Beaila. 
 
 Brahma [bra'-ma], in the Hindoo religion, III. 
 
 184; IX. 226, 1 b. 
 
 Brahman: see Brahma. 
 
 Brahmana: see Brahma. 
 
 Bralimana period, in Indian literature, IX. 
 222, 2 c. 
 
 Brahmanam: see Brahma, III. 185, 1 b. 
 Brahmanas , IX. 222, 1 c, 2 b; XYI. 280, 1 b. 
 Brahmanaspati , Hindoo lord of prayer, IX. 
 224, 2 c. 
 
 Brajiman lull , IV. 128, 1 c. See Zebu. 
 Brahmanism: see Brahma, and IX. 228,1 c, ff. 
 Brahmans , Hindoo caste, IX. 206, 2 c; 213, 2 
 b and c; 225, 2 a and c; 227, 1 a and b ; 
 
 230, 2 be ; 231, 1 a and ab. See VIII. 356, 
 
 1 a (Gymnosopiiists). 
 
 Brahmapoo'tra, river of India, III. 185 ; VIII. 
 730, 1 b. 
 
 Brahmapootra fowls , IY. 780, 2 ab; 783,1 b. 
 Brahmin: see Brahma. 
 
 Brahminism: see Brahmanism (Index). 
 Brahmo Soma], religious society of India, IX. 
 
 231, 1 b; XI. 647, 1 c. 
 
 Brahms, Johannes [bramss], German pianist 
 and composer, III. 185. 
 
 Brahooees, people of Beloochistan, II. 510, 
 
 2 c; IX. 214, 2 be. 
 
 Braid, Mr., student of animaj magnetism, I. 
 
 527, 1 ab. J 
 
 Braid wood, Thomas, British teacher of deaf 
 and dumb, III. 185; Y. 731, 2 c, ff. 
 
 Braila [brl'-la], town of Roumania, III. 185. 
 Braille, Louis [bray’], French teacher of the 
 blind, III. 186. His system of writing, 2 b, 
 and II. 720, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Braes', III. 186. Brain substance, 1 c. Mem¬ 
 branes, 187, 2 c. Size, 188, 2 c. Anatomy, 
 189, 1 b; medulla oblongata, 1 c; cerebel¬ 
 lum, 190, 1 a; cerebral hemispheres, 191, 
 2 a; blood vessels, 193, 1 b; nerves, 2 b: 
 see Nervous System, XII. 234, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 123 
 
 The brain during sleep, III. 194, 2 b. In¬ 
 stinctive propensities, 2 c. Somnambulism, 
 195,1 c. Comparison of vertebrate brains, 
 2 b. Owen’s classification, 196, 1 a. Illus¬ 
 trations: nerve fibres, 187; nerve cells, ib .; 
 brain enclosed in the dura mater, 188 ; pro¬ 
 file view of human brain, 1JK); horizontal 
 section, 191; cerebral hemispheres, ib .; por¬ 
 tion of right hemisphere, 192 ; brain viewed 
 from below, 194. 
 
 Brain, Diseases of the, III. 196. Cerebral 
 congestion, 1 c. Cerebral anaemia, 197, 2 
 be. Cerebral haemorrhage, 199, 1 a. In¬ 
 flammatory affections, 200, 1 b. Structural 
 lesions, 2 a. Functional disorders, 204, 1 c. 
 
 Brai'nard, Daniel, American surgeon. III. 205. 
 
 Brainard, John Gardiner Calkins, American 
 poet, III. 205. 
 
 Braine-l’Alleud, or Braine-la-Leude [brain- 
 la-lud], town of Belgium, III. 205. 
 
 Braine-le-Comte [-luh-ko ng t], town of Bel¬ 
 gium, III. 205. 
 
 Brainerd, David, American missionary, III. 
 205. 
 
 Brain'tree, town of Massachusetts, III. 205. 
 
 Brake [bra'-k6h], town of Germany, III. 205. 
 
 Brahe, fern, VII. 150, 2 a. Common brake, 
 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Brake, for retarding the motion of wheels, 
 III. 205. Creamer brake, 206, 1 be (ill.). 
 Westinghouse compressed air brake, 2 a 
 (ill.). Electric brake, 2 b. 
 
 Brahe of fire engine, YII. 211, 2 a. 
 
 Brakenburg, Regner [bra'-ken-burg], Dutch 
 painter, III. 206. 
 
 Bra'mah, Joseph, English engineer, III. 206. 
 His locks, 2 be, and X. 563, 1 be. 
 
 Bramah's apparatus for mineral waters, XI. 
 596, 2 ab. 
 
 Bramante d’Urbino [bra-man'-ta door-be'- 
 no], Italian architect, III. 206. 
 
 Brambanan', town of Java, III. 207. Great 
 temple (ill.). 
 
 Bramble, bush, III. 207 (ill.). 
 
 Brambling, bird, YII. 190, 2 be (ill., 191). 
 
 BramTiall, John, English divine, III. 208. 
 
 Bran, III. 208. Its properties as food, 1 c; 
 VIII. 46, 2 a; XYI. 588, 2 a and b. 
 
 Brancadoro, Cardinal, referred to, II. 577, 1 c. 
 
 Brancaleone, Dandolo [bran-ka-la-o'-na], Ital¬ 
 ian statesman, III. 208. 
 
 Branch, county, III. 208. 
 
 Branches, in siege approaches, XY. 29, 1 be. 
 
 Branching coral, Y. 340, 1 b (ill.). 
 
124: 
 
 BEAN CHIOPOD A 
 
 BRAZIL 
 
 Branchiopgda [brang-ke-op'-o-da], (crustacea), 
 III. 209. 
 
 Bran'chipus stagna'lis (crustacea), Y. 533, 2 ab. 
 Branco, Eio, river of Brazil, III. 209. 
 Brandamar'te, character in the “ Orlando In- 
 namorato,” YII. 63, 2 c. 
 
 Branda'nus, Saint : see Brendan. 
 
 Brande, William Thomas, English chemist, III. 
 
 209. His theory of storms, IX. 80, 2 b. 
 Brandenburg [bran'-den-boorg], province of 
 
 Prussia, III. 209. History, 2 a. Town, 
 
 210. 1 a. Origin of the name, ib. 
 Brandenburg , Fort, I. 210, 2 be (Ahanta). 
 Brandenburg gate , in Berlin, II. 563, 2 a. 
 Bran'dis, Christian August, German philoso¬ 
 pher, III. 210. 
 
 Brandon , county seat, XIY. 201, 2 c. 
 
 Brandy, III. 210. French brandies, 1 c, 2 c; 
 adulteration and imitations of, 2 ab, and I. 
 133, 2 c. Strength and grades of French 
 brandy, III. 210, 2 c. Source of its aroma, 
 YI. 748, 2 ab. 
 
 Brandywine Creek, III. 211. Battle of, ib ., 
 and X. 95, 2 b. 
 
 Branecki, Franciszek Xawery [bra-nets'-ke], 
 Polish statesman, III. 211. 
 
 Sranibor , castle, III. 210, 1 a. 
 
 Branicki , F. X. [bra-nits'-ke]: see Branecki. 
 Branicki, Jan Klemens, Polish statesman, III. 
 
 211 . 
 
 Branks : see Humps. 
 
 Branksome tower , Scotland, YIII. 530, 1 ab. 
 Brant, county of Canada, III. 211. 
 
 Brant, Joseph, Mohawk chief, III. 211. Prayer 
 book and Gospel of Mark published by him 
 in Mohawk, lb. Not a participant in the 
 massacre of Wyoming, XYI. 753, 2 a. His 
 son, III. 211, 2 be. 
 
 Brantford, town of Canada, III. 211. 
 
 Brant Goose : see Goose, YIII. 107, 1 b (ill.). 
 Brantome, Pierre Bourdeilles, seigneur de 
 l’abbaye de [bra ng -tome], French historian, 
 III. 211. Andre de Bourdeilles, soldier and 
 diplomatist, 212, 1 c. 
 
 Braouezec, I. E. [bra-wa-zek], French explorer, 
 III. 212. 
 
 Brascassat, Jacques Raymond [bra-kas-sa], 
 French painter, III. 212. 
 
 Braschi , Gianangelo [bras'-ke], (Pope Pius YI.), 
 XIII. 559, 1 c. 
 
 Bras de fer [bra duh fair], sobriquet of La Noue, 
 X. 154, 1 b. 
 
 Brase’nia pelta'ta (botany), XYI. 508,1 c (ill.). 
 Bras'idas, Spartan leader, III. 212. 
 
 Brasqued crucible [braskt], II. 28, 2 c. 
 
 Brass, III. 213. Composition of various alloys 
 (table), 213, 2 be. Brass solder, 214, 1 a. 
 
 Brasseur de Bourbourg, Charles Etienne, ab- 
 be [bras-sur dull boor-boor], French traveller 
 and archaeologist, III. 214. 
 
 Brassey, Thomas, English railway contractor, 
 III. 214. His sons, members of parliament, 
 2 a. 
 
 Brassica (botany), XII. 105, 1 a (ill.). B. alba 
 and B. nigra, 1 ab. B. oleracea, III. 93, 
 1 ab; 523, 1 c. B. oleracea botrytis, IY. 
 137, 2 ab (ill.). B. campestris, var. rapa, 
 XIY. 204, 2 be (ill., 205); var. napa, XYI. 
 74, 1 c (ill.). B. campestris oleifera, XIY. 
 205, 1 c. 
 
 Brath'waite , Mr ., his application of steam to 
 the fire engine, YII. 211, 1 c. 
 
 Brattle, Thomas, American merchant, III. 
 214. 
 
 Brattleboro, town of Yermont, III. 214. 
 
 Braun, August Emil [brown], German archae¬ 
 ologist, HI. 214. 
 
 Braun, Johann Wilhelm Joseph, German the¬ 
 ologian, III. 214. 
 
 Braunau [brow'-now], Bohemia (ill.), II. 784. 
 
 Braunsberg [brownss'-pairg], town of Prus¬ 
 sia, III. 215. 
 
 Braunschweig [brown'-shwi c h], Germany: see 
 Brunswick. 
 
 Brauwer, Adrian [brow'-er], Dutch painter, 
 III. 215. 
 
 Bravo, Nicolas [bra'-vo], Mexican soldier and 
 statesman, III. 215. 
 
 Bravo Murillo, Juan [moo-re'-lyo], Spanish 
 statesman, III. 215. 
 
 Braxton, county, III. 215. 
 
 Braxton, Carter, a signer of the Declaration 
 of Independence, III. 215. 
 
 Braxy , disease of sheep, XII. 60, 2 c. 
 
 Bray , voice of the ass, XI. 78, 1 a. 
 
 Bray, parish of England, III. 216. Yicar of 
 Bray, 1 a. 
 
 Bray, Anna Eliza, English authoress, III. 216. 
 
 Bray, Thomas, English clergyman and philan¬ 
 thropist, III. 216. 
 
 Brayera (botany), II. 287, 1 b. 
 
 Braying , cry of the buck, YII. 75, 2 a. 
 
 Brazen age (archaeology), I. 185, 2 c.. 
 
 Brazen bull of Phalaris , XIII. 379, 2 c; re¬ 
 ferred to, X. 407, 1 b. 
 
 Brazen lizard (ill.), IY. 227, 2 a. 
 
 Brazil', empire of South America, III. 216. 
 Area and divisions, 2 a. Population, 2 c. 
 
BRAZILETTO 
 
 BREGENZER 
 
 125 
 
 Aborigines, 21V, 1 a. Slavery, 2 ab. Coast, 
 218, 1 ab. Surface, 1 c. Rivers, 219, 2 a. 
 Lakes, 220, 2 c. Geology, 221, 1 a. Min¬ 
 erals, 2 a. Fossil remains, 222, 2 c. Cli¬ 
 mate, 223, 1 a. Soil and vegetation, 1 be. 
 Zoology, 225, 1 a. Agriculture, 226, 1 b. 
 Manufactures, 2 c. Exports, 22V, 2 a. In¬ 
 ternal communication, 228, 1 be. Govern¬ 
 ment, 229, 1 b. Army and navy, 2 ab. Fi¬ 
 nances, 2 be. Education, 230, 1 c. Reli¬ 
 gion, 2 c. History, 231, 1 a. First discov¬ 
 ery of, VII. 605, 1 b. Literature: see Por¬ 
 tugal, Language and Literature of, XIII. 
 V44, 1 c. 
 
 Braziletto wood , III. 232, 2 c. 
 
 Brazilian arrowroot , IV. 62, 2 b. 
 
 Brazilian breadfruit , III. 224, 1 c. 
 
 Brazilian pebbles, XIV. 131, 2 c; XV. 238,1 c. 
 
 Braziline [braz'-e-lin], dye, III. 233, 1 be. 
 
 Brazil Nut, III. 232 (ill.). 
 
 Brazil "Wood, III. 232 (ill., 233), and 223, 2 a. 
 
 Brazing, union of metals by bard solder, III. 
 233. 
 
 Brazo'ria, county, III. 233. 
 
 Brazos [bras'-us; Sp. bra'-soce], river of Texas, 
 
 III. 233. 
 
 Brazos, county, III. 234. 
 
 Brazos de Santiago [san-te-a'-go], Texan port 
 of entry, III. 234. 
 
 Brazza [brat'-sa], island of Dalmatia, III. 234. 
 
 Bread: see Aliment, I. 316, 2 ab. Graham 
 bread, VIII. 143, 1 a; XVI. 588, 2 a. New 
 England brown bread, XIV. 504, 1 c. 
 
 Bread and cheese boys, the , XIII. 215, 1 b. 
 
 Breadfruit, III. 234. Breadfruit tree, 1 b 
 (ills.). 
 
 Break [brake], instrument for retarding mo¬ 
 tion : see Brake. Machine for breaking 
 hemp, VIII. 632, 2 a. 
 
 Breakbone fever , VI. 8, 1 be. 
 
 Breakers , in coal mining, V. 6V, 2 c. 
 
 Breaking, in vocal elements, 1.502,2 a; 503,1 c. 
 
 Breaking of flax, VII. 264, 2 c. 
 
 Breaking frame , for wool, XVI. V21, 1 b. 
 
 Breaking load , in tests of strength, how mea¬ 
 sured, XV. 416, 1 a. 
 
 Break-joints , in lighthouse building, X. 461,1 b. 
 
 Breakneck , hill on the Hudson, IX. 30, 1 a. 
 
 Breakspear, Nicholas (Pope Adrian IV.), 1.131, 
 2 b. His birthplace, 10, 1 b. His visit to 
 Norway, XII. 510, 2 c. 
 
 Breakwater, III. 234. Of Cherb®urg harbor, 
 235, 1 b (section, 236); at Plymouth, 236, 
 2 b (section); at Dover, 23V, 1 c (section); 
 
 at Portland, 23V, 2a; of Delaware bay, 238, 
 1 ab (section); on the northern lakes, 239, 
 1 c. Principle of construction, 2 b. At Al¬ 
 giers, V. 209, 2 b. 
 
 Bream, fish) III. 239. American bream, 1 c 
 (ill., 240); European breams, 240,1 c. Carp 
 bream, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Breant, M. [bra-a ng ], his discovery of the In¬ 
 dian process of making steel, V. 653, 1 c. 
 Breast hooks , in ships, XIV. 863, 2 a. 
 
 Breast roller , in cotton ginning, X. 630, 1 a. 
 Breastwork monitors , IX. 386, 2 b. 
 
 Breath : see Respiration. 
 
 Breathitt [breth'-it], county, III. 240. 
 Brebeuf, Jean de [bruh-buf], Jesuit missionary 
 in Canada, III. 240. 
 
 Breo'cia [Ital. bret'-clia], compound rock, III. 
 240. 
 
 Brechin [brek'-in], royal burgh of Scotland, 
 III. 241. Round tower, 1 a. 
 
 Breck , meaning of, VII. V2, 1 b. 
 Breck'enridge, county, III. 241. 
 Breckenridge, John, D. D., American clergy¬ 
 man, III. 241. 
 
 Breckenridge, John Cabell, American politi¬ 
 cian and soldier, III. 241. (Died 18V5.) 
 Breckenridge, Robert Jefferson, D. D., Amer¬ 
 ican clergyman, III. 241. 
 
 Brecknock, county of Wales, III. 242. 
 Brecknock, borough of Wales, III. 242. 
 Brec'on: see Brecknock. 
 
 Breda [bra'-da], town of the Netherlands, III. 
 242. Declaration of Breda, 2 c. Peace of 
 Breda, ib. The compromise of Breda, 243, 
 
 1 a, and VIII. 818, 2 c. 
 
 Brederode, Hendrik van, count [bra'-deh-ro- 
 deh], Dutch patriot, III. 242. 
 
 Bredewardine : see Bradwardin. 
 
 Bredow, Gabriel Gottfried [bra'-do], German 
 historian, III. 243. 
 
 Bredwardine: see Bradwardin. 
 
 Bree, Mathieu Ignace van [bra], Belgian paint¬ 
 er, III. 243. Philippe Jacques van, painter, 
 
 2 c. 
 
 Breech-loader: see Rifle, XIV. 328, 1 a, ff.; 
 
 Fowling Piece, VII. 35V, 2 b. 
 Breech-loading cannon , I. V92, 1 a, ff., 2 ab, c; 
 
 V93, 1 b; V94, 1 c. 
 
 Breech piece, in cannon, I. V93, 1 b. 
 
 Breech plug, in cannon, I. V92, 1 a. 
 
 Breede [bra'-deh], river of S. Africa, III. 244. 
 Bregenz [bra'-ghents], capital of Vorarlberg, 
 III. 244 (ill.). Lake of, 1 ab. 
 
 Bregenzer Klause [klow'-zeh], pass, III. 244,1 a. 
 
126 
 
 BREGENZER 
 
 BRETON 
 
 Bregenzer Wald [valt], mountain, III. 244,1 a. 
 
 Brisguet, Abraham Louis [bra-ga], French 
 watchmaker, III. 244. Louis, physicist, 1 c. 
 
 Brehm, Alfred Edmund [braim], German nat¬ 
 uralist and traveller, III. 244. Christian 
 Ludwig, ornithologist, 2 a. 
 
 Bre'hon [Irish, breh'-hun], ancient Irish judge, 
 III. 244, 2 b. 
 
 Brehon Laws, of Ireland, III. 244. Their 
 spirit, 245, 2 c. 
 
 Breidablik [brl'-da-blik], in northern mythol¬ 
 ogy, II. 237, 2 a. 
 
 Breidenbach, Bernhard von [bri / -den-ba k h], 
 German priest, III. 246. 
 
 Breisach, Alt [alt bri'-za k h], town of Germany, 
 III. 246 (iih). Neu [noi], 247, 1 a. 
 
 Breisgau [brice'-gow], old division of Ger¬ 
 many, III. 247. 
 
 Breislak, Scipione [brice'-lak], Italian geolo¬ 
 gist, III. 247. 
 
 Breithaupt, Joachim Justus [brite'-howpt], 
 German clergyman, III. 247. 
 
 Breitkopf, Johann Gottlob Immanuel [brite'- 
 kupf], German painter, III. 247. 
 
 Breizad [bra-zad], Celtic language, IV. 177,1 b. 
 
 Breiziz [bra-zeez]: see Gael, VII. 552, 1 b. 
 
 Brellington: see Bridlington. 
 
 Brem'en [Ger. bra'-men], free city of Germany, 
 III. 247. Territory, 2 ab. Statue of Roland, 
 248, 1 a (ill., 247). Council house, 247, 1 c 
 (ill., 248). Bleikeller, vault preventing de¬ 
 composition of the dead, ib. Wine cellar 
 and casks, 248, 1 a. Lloyd for northern 
 Germany, 248, 1 be: see Lloyd’s, X. 555, 
 2 be. 
 
 Bremen blue (verditer), II. 757, 1 b. 
 
 Brem'er, county, III. 249. 
 
 Bremer, Fredrika [bra'-mer], Swedish novel¬ 
 ist, III. 249. 
 
 Bremer Beitrdge [bra'-mer bi'-tra-gheh], Ger¬ 
 man periodical, VII. 766,1 be ; XIII. 296,2 c. 
 
 Bremeehafen, or Bremerhaven [bra'-mer-ha- 
 fen], town of Germany, III. 249. 
 
 BremikeBs logarithmic tables , X. 578, 2 a. 
 
 Bren'dan, Irish saint, III. 249. 
 
 Brendel, Franz, German writer on music, III. 
 250. 
 
 Brenham , county seat, XVI. 474, 2 b. 
 
 Brenner, mountain of Tyrol, III. 250. Pass, 1 a. 
 
 Brennibor , castle, III. 210,1 a. 
 
 Brennus, two Gallic warriors, III. 250 ; IV. 
 176, 2 a; XIV. 404, 1 a. 
 
 Brenta, river of Italy, III. 250. 
 
 Bbentano, Clemens [bren-ta'-no], German 
 
 poet and novelist, III. 250. “ Mad as a Bren- 
 tano,” proverbial saying, 2 b. 
 
 Brent'ford, town of England, III. 250. 
 
 Brenton, Edward Pelham, English naval 
 officer, III. 251. 
 
 Brentsville, county seat, XIII. 844, 2 c. 
 
 Brephotrophi'a , ancient foundling hospitals, 
 VII. 347, 1 a. See 346, 2 b (j3pE<poTpo(j)eiov). 
 
 Brera , the [bra'-ra], palace of science and art 
 in Milan, XI. 532, 1 ab, 2 b. 
 
 Beeschet, Gilbert [bra-sha], French physician, 
 III. 251. 
 
 Brescia [bra'-sha], province of Italy, III. 251. 
 Capital city, 2 ab (ill.). 
 
 Breslau [bres'-low], city of Prussia, III. 252 
 (ill.). Town hall (ill.), 253,1 a. 
 
 Breslau , Confession of VII. 736, 2 b. 
 
 Bressani, Francesco Giuseppe [bres-sa-ne], 
 Italian missionary, III. 253. 
 
 Bressant, Jean Baptiste Prosper [bra-sa ng ], 
 French actor, III. 253. 
 
 Bresson, Charles, count de [bra-so ng ], French 
 diplomatist, III. 253. 
 
 Brest, town of France, III. 254 (ilk). 
 
 Brest Litov'ski, town of Russia, III. 255. 
 
 Bretagne [bruh-tany’]: see Brittany. 
 
 Breteuil , Be [du.h bruli-tuhy’], French minister, 
 II. 376, 1 c. 
 
 Brethren, Bohemian: see Bohemian Breth¬ 
 ren. 
 
 Brethren, Plymouth: see Plymouth Breth¬ 
 ren. 
 
 Brethren, White, sect, III. 255. 
 
 Brethren of the Bridge , religious and philan¬ 
 thropic society, III. 270, 2 b; 271, 1 ab. 
 
 Brethren of Charity , founded by Rosmini, 
 
 XIV. 442, 2 a. 
 
 Brethren and Clerks of the Common Life, 
 religious order, III. 255 ; VIII. 263, 1 b; 
 
 XV. 140, 1 a. Excellence of their schools, 
 VI. 413, 1 be. 
 
 Brethren of the Christian Schools, III. 255. 
 
 Brethren of the Holy Trinity, III. 256. 
 
 Brethren and Sisters of the Free Spirit : 
 see Begiiards, II. 478, 2 b. Referred to, 
 XI. 730, 2 b. 
 
 Bretigny [bra-te-nye], treaty of, IV. 285, 2 a. 
 
 Breton, Jules Adolphe [bruh-to ng J, French 
 painter, III. 256. 
 
 Breton Language and Literature : see 
 Celts, Languages and Literature of the. 
 
 Breton peasants (ill.), III. 300. 
 
 Breton de los IIerreros, Manuel [bra-tone' 
 da loce air-ra'-roce], Spanish poet, III. 256. 
 
BRETSCIINEIDER 
 
 BRIDGEWATER 
 
 127 
 
 Bretschneider, Karl Gottlieb [bret'-shni-der], 
 Germau theologian, III. 256. 
 
 Bretwalda, title of the leading chief of the 
 Anglo-Saxons, VI. 607, 1 be; 744, 2 be. 
 Breughel, Pieter [brhh'-ghel], Dutch painter, 
 III. 256. Pieter the younger, painter, 2 a. 
 Jan (Velvet Breughel), painter, ib. 
 Brevard', county, III. 256. 
 
 Brevia , writs (in law), XIII. 606, 2 c. 
 Bre'viary, III. 256. 
 
 Brevia testata , in feudal jaw, X. 544, 1 ab. 
 Brewing, III. 257. Materials, 1 b. Malting, 
 2 a. Preparation of the wort, 259,1 a. Fer¬ 
 menting, 260, 2 b. Clarifying, 262, 1 c. 
 Adulterations, 2 ab. 
 
 Brewster, Sir David, Scottish physicist, III. 
 263. His theory of color, V. 96, 1 c ; 97, 1 a 
 and b. His experiments relating to fluores¬ 
 cence, VII. 289, 2 be. His kaleidoscope, IX. 
 735,1 b. His observations on the solar spec¬ 
 trum, X. 441,1 b. His discoveries in polari¬ 
 zation, 446, 1 a; 450, 1 c. His stereoscope, 
 XV. 376, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Brewster, William, elder of the Plymouth pil¬ 
 grims, III. 263. 
 
 Brezeliande, forest of seat of the fairies, VII. 
 64, 1 b. 
 
 Bp.ezno Banya [brez'-no ban'-yaw]: see Bries. 
 Brialmont, Henri Alexis [bre-al-mo ng ], Belgian 
 military writer, III. 263. 
 
 Brian Boru, Irish king, III. 263; IX. 356, 
 2 be. 
 
 Brianqon [bre-a ng -so ug ], town of France, III. 
 264 (ill.). 
 
 Briangonnais [bre-a ng -sun-na], a district of 
 France, III. 264, 1 c. 
 
 Briansk [bre-ansk'j, town of Russia, III. 264. 
 Bria'reus, in Greek mythology, III. 264. 
 Bribery, in law, III. 264. 
 
 Brick, III. 265. Ancient bricks, 1 b. Dutch, 
 &c., 2 b. Brick clay, 2 c; analyses of, 266, 
 
 1 be; preparation of, 1 c. Brick burning, 
 267, 1 a. Hoffmann’s annular brick furnace, 
 
 2 a (ill.). Brick machines, 268, 1 a. Color 
 and size of bricks, 1 b. Floating bricks, 1 c. 
 Fire brick, 2 ab. Bricklaying, 269, 1 a ; old 
 English bond method, 1 b (ill.); Flemish 
 bond, 1 c (ill.). Milwaukee (cream-colored) 
 brick, 268, 1 be; VIII. 151, 1 ab. 
 
 Beidaine, Jacques [bre-dain], French preacher 
 and missionary, III. 269. 
 
 Bride, Saint: see Bridget, Saint. St. Bride’s 
 church, London, X. 598, 2 a. 
 
 Bride cake, V. 221, 2 c (Confarreation). 
 
 “ Brides ,” in lace making, X. 78, 1 c. 
 Bridewell, prison in London, X. 611, 2 c. 
 Bridge, III. 270. Bridge of Queen Nitocris at 
 Babylon, 1 b. Bridges of ancient Rome, 1 c. 
 Pons Sublicius, 1 c; 272, 2 b. Pons Sena- 
 torius or Palatinus, 270, 2 ab (ill.). Mediae¬ 
 val bridges, 2 b. Old LondoiDbridge, 271, 
 1 a (ill.). The Rialto, 1 c. Bridge of Pont-y- 
 Prydd, ib. (ill.) ; of Neuilly, 2 ab (ill.). New 
 London bridge, 2 c (ill.). Arches of bridges, 
 272, 1 a. Wooden bridges, 2 b. Schuylkill 
 bridge, 2 c (ill.). Lattice truss, 273, 1 b. 
 Long’s truss, 2 a. Howe’s do., ib. Bridge at 
 Havre de Grace, 2 b (ill.). Suspension bridges, 
 
 1 c. Suspension bridge at Cincinnati, 274, 2 b 
 (ill.); at Niagara, 2 b, XII. 417, 2 c; be¬ 
 tween New York and Brooklyn, III. 274,1 c 
 (ill., 275). Cast-iron bridges, 274, 2 c. 
 Washington aqueduct bridge, 275, 1 c (ill.). 
 Wrought-iron bridges, ib. Britannia bridge, 
 
 2 ab (ill.). Viaduct bridge at Louisville, 
 276,1 a (ill.). Lattice girder (ills.), ib. Fink’s 
 system, ib. Modified Fink trussed girder (ill.), 
 2 a. St. Louis bridge, 1 b (ill., 277). Truss 
 bridge at Rock Island (ill.), ib. Old bridge 
 at La Vieille Brioude, fall of, 290, 2 b. 
 
 Bridge, Military, III. 277. Pontoons, 2 be. 
 Pontoon train, 278, 1 c. Methods of con¬ 
 struction, 2 a. 
 
 Bridge, Natural, III. 279. Natural bridge of 
 Virginia, 1 a (ill.); of Walker co., Alabama, 
 2 c. Natural bridges in California, 280, 1 a. 
 Beidg'end, town of Wales, III. 280. 
 Bridgenorth, borough of England, III. 280. 
 Bridgeport, city of Connecticut, III. 280. 
 Bridges, in a lever watch, IV. 703, 2 c. 
 
 Bridge of Sighs , in Venice, XVI. 298, 1 a. 
 Bridget, Saint, of Ireland, III. 280. 
 
 Bridget, Saint , of Sweden: see Brigida. 
 Bridget, Sisters of Saint, III. 280. 
 
 Bridgeton, city of New Jersey, III. 281. 
 Bridgetown, city of Barbadoes, III. 281. 
 Bridgewater, township of Massachusetts, III. 
 
 281. Old Bridgewater, 1 c ; East, 2 a; North, 
 2 b; West, 2 be. 
 
 Bridgewater, seaport of England, III. 281. 
 Bridgewater, battle of, X. 720, 1 a. 
 Bridgewater, Francis Egerton, duke of, III. 
 
 282. 
 
 Bridgewater, Francis Henry Egerton, earl of, 
 III. 282. Originator of the “Bridgewater 
 Treatises,” 1 c. 
 
 Bridgewater Treatises, origin of, III. 282, 1 c; 
 authors of, 2 a. 
 
128 
 
 BRIDGMAN 
 
 BRISSOTINS 
 
 Bridgman, Laura, American blind deaf mute, 
 III. 282. 
 
 Bridlington, parish of England, III. 283. 
 Bridlington Quay, 2 a. 
 
 Bridport, seaport of England, III. 283. Brid- 
 port dagger, origin of the term, 2 be. 
 
 Brie [bre], district of France, III. 283. 
 
 Brief, III. 284. A writ, 1 a. Pontifical letter, 
 
 1 ab (see Bull, Papal). In modern law, 1 b. 
 Brieg [breeg], town of Prussia, III. 284. 
 
 Briel [breel], seaport of Holland, III. 284. 
 Brielle [Fr. bre-el]: see Briel. 
 
 Brienne, or Brienne-le-Chateau [bre-en-luh- 
 sha-to], town of France, III. 284. Military 
 college of, 2 b (ill.). Battle of, ib. 
 
 Brienne, Gaultier de, lord of Florence, VII. 
 
 277, 2 a. 
 
 Brienz [bre'-ents], Lake of, III. 284. Village, 
 285, 1 a. 
 
 Bri'er , plant, XV. 113, 1 be. China brier, 2 a. 
 Common brier, XIV. 434, 1 b. Yellow brier, 
 435, 1 c. 
 
 Brier Creek, Georgia, battle of, III. 285. 
 Brierwood pipes, XIII. 536, 1 a. See XV. 113, 
 
 2 c. 
 
 Bries [breece], town of Hungary, III. 285. 
 Brig , a vessel, XIV. 855, 1 c. Brig of war, XII. 
 188, 2 be. 
 
 Brigade [bre-gaid'], I. 752, 2 b; XIV. 261, 2 c; 
 
 in Germany, IX. 270, 1 b. 
 
 Brigantes [bre-gan'-teez], ancient tribe of Brit¬ 
 ain, I. 575, 2 a. 
 
 Brigantium , name of two ancient towns: see 
 Bregenz and Brianqon. 
 
 Brigensis pay us , or saltus , ancient name of 
 Brie, III. 283, 2 c. 
 
 Briggs, Charles Frederick, American author 
 and journalist, III. 285. (Died 1878.) 
 Briggs, Henry , his system of logarithms, X. 
 577, 2 b. 
 
 Briggs, Henry Perronet, English painter, III. 
 285. 
 
 Brigham, Amariah [brig'-um], American phy¬ 
 sician, III. 285. 
 
 Brigham City, county seat, III. 170, 1 c. 
 Brigha'mia (botany), III. 285. B. insignis, 2 be 
 (ill.). 
 
 Bright, Jacob , advocate of woman suffrage in 
 the English parliament, XVI. 702, 1 ab. 
 Bright, Jesse D., American senator, III. 286. 
 Bright, John, English statesman, III. 286. 
 Opposition to the foreign conspiracy bill, 
 1 c. Extension of the elective franchise, ib. 
 Opponent of woman suffrage, XVI. 702, 1 b. 
 
 Bright, Richard, English physician, III. 286. 
 Brighton, town of Massachusetts, III. 286. 
 Brighton, town of England, III. 286 ; view, 
 287. 
 
 Bright's disease : see Albuminuria ; Kidney, 
 IX. 827, 2 c; and Bright, Richard. 
 
 Brigida [brij'-e-da], Saint, of Sweden, III. 287. 
 Her revelations, 2 c. 
 
 Brigittins, or Order of our Saviour, III. 288. 
 
 Referred to, XI. 730, 2 ab (Monachism). 
 Brignoles [bre-nytil], town of France, III. 288. 
 Brihaspati , Hindoo god of prayer, IX. 224, 2 c. 
 Brihuega [bre-wa'-ga], town of Spain, III. 288. 
 Bril, Paul, Flemish painter, III. 288. 
 
 Brill , town : see Briel. 
 
 Brill , fish, XVI. 45, 2 be. 
 
 Brillat-Savarin, Anthelme [bre-ya-sa-va- 
 ra Dg ], French author and magistrate, III. 288; 
 
 II. 288, 2 c. 
 
 Brilliant fire, Chinese, in pyrotechny, XIV. 
 117, 1 c. 
 
 Brimstone, XV. 457, 1 a. 
 
 Brimstone wood, X. 397, 2 be. 
 
 Brindisi [brin'-de-ze], seaport of Italy, III. 288. 
 
 Castle of, 2 ab (ill., 289). 
 
 Brindley, James, English mechanic and engi¬ 
 neer, III. 289. 
 
 Brine, III. 289. Natural, 1 b; XIV. 579, 1 b. 
 Artificial, III. 289, 1 b; XIII. 823, 2 b. 
 Purification of, III. 289, 2 c; VI. 72, 2 c. 
 Brine worm, V. 533, 2 ab. 
 
 Brink'mann, Karl Gustaf, Swedish diplomatist 
 and poet, III. 289. 
 
 Brinvilliers, Marie Marguerite d’Aubray, mar¬ 
 chioness de [bra ng -ve-lya], French poisoner, 
 
 III. 290. 
 
 Brion, Luis [bre-oan'J, admiral of Colombia, 
 
 III. 290; 8, 1 b, 2 ab. 
 
 Brion, Simon de [dull bre-o ng ], (Pope Martin 
 
 IV. ), XI. 208, 1 be. 
 
 Brioude [bre-ood], town of France, III. 290. 
 
 Fall of the bridge at La Vieille Brioude, 2 b. 
 Brisacii [Fr. bre-zak]: see Breisach. 
 Bris'bane, county of New South Wales, III. 
 290. Town, 2 c. 
 
 Briseis [bri-se'-is], mistress of Achilles, I. 64, 
 2 b; IV. 561, 1 ab. 
 
 Brisgau [briss'-gow]: see Breisgau. 
 
 Brisson, Mathurin Jacques [bre-so ng ], French 
 sarant, III. 291. His Ornithologia, XIII. 
 704, 2 c. 
 
 Brissot, Jean Pierre [bre-so], French revolu¬ 
 tionist, III. 291. Brissotins, 1 c. 
 
 Brissotins [Fr. bre-so-ta ng ]: see Girondists. 
 
BRISTED 
 
 BRODERIE 
 
 129 
 
 4 
 
 Bris'ted, John, American clergyman, III. 291. 
 
 Charles Astor, author, 2 a. (Died 1874.) 
 Bristol, two counties, III. 291. 
 
 Bristol, town of Rhode Island, III. 292. 
 Mount Hope, 1 a. 
 
 Bristol, borough of Pennsylvania, III. 292. 
 Bristol, city of England, III. 292. Church of 
 St. Mary Redcliff, 293,1 a (ill., 292). Guild¬ 
 hall, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Bristol Brick, III. 293. 
 
 Bristol Channel, III. 293. 
 
 Bristol diamonds, VIII. 38, 1 be. 
 
 Brit, fish, III. 293; VIII. 697, 1 b. 
 
 Britain, or Britannia, ancient name of Great 
 Britain, III. 293. 
 
 Britan'nia : see Britain. 
 
 Britannia Metal, III. 294; I. 336,1 c. Com¬ 
 position of, I. 565, 2 a; XIII. 377, 1 b. 
 Britannicus, son of the emperor Claudius, III. 
 
 294; XII. 230, 2 ab. 
 
 British America, III. 294. 
 
 British American , pseudonyme, XI. 240, 2 b. 
 British association for the advancement of sci¬ 
 ence, I. 137, 1 b. 
 
 British band , so styled (of Indians), VII. 363, 
 1 a. 
 
 British Burmah : see Burmah, British. 
 British Columbia, province of Canada, III. 
 294. Population, 2 a. Coast line, ib. Phys¬ 
 ical features, 2 b. Climate, 295, 1 b. Soil 
 and productions, 1 c. Animals, 2 a. Miner¬ 
 als and mining, 2 b. Exports, 296, 1 ab. 
 Government, 1 c. History, ib. 
 
 British Empire, III. 296. In Europe, 1 c. In 
 Asia, 297, 1 a. In Africa, 1 b. In America, 
 ib. In Australasia, 1 c. Area and popula¬ 
 tion, ib. 
 
 British and foreign Bible society , II. 614, 2 c; 
 
 615, 1 c. 
 
 British Gum, III. 297, and 259, 1 c; VI. 65, 
 
 1 c. 
 
 British influence , a party watchword, I. 93, 2 a. 
 British institute of actuaries, X. 429, 1 a. 
 British lustre , I. 557, 1 a. 
 
 British Museum, III. 297 (ill.). Reading room, 
 298, 1 a (ill.). Library, 1 c. Collection of 
 antiquities, 299,1 ab; of natural history, 1 c. 
 Government, 2 ab. Rules of admission, 2 be. 
 Catalogue, 2 b. 
 
 British national gallery , II. 430, 1 c; X. 605, 
 
 2 c. 
 
 British oil , IX. 811, 2 b. 
 
 British orders in council , against French com¬ 
 merce, V. 288, lb; II. 725,1 b. Their effect 
 9 
 
 on American commerce, XVI. 162, 2 c. Re¬ 
 peal of the orders in relation to the rights of 
 neutrals, X. 826, 1 c. See Berlin and Milan 
 decrees (Index). 
 
 British point , kind of lace, X. 79, 1 c. 
 
 Brito, Richard, one of the assassins of Becket, 
 II. 441, 2 b. 
 
 Brittany, former province of France, III. 299. 
 Present divisions, 300, 1 a. Breton peasants 
 (ill.), 1 b. History, 1 c. 
 
 Brittle stars, star fishes, VI. 387, 1 ab; XII. 
 644, 1 b. 
 
 Britton, John, English antiquary, III. 301. 
 Britton club, 1 b. 
 
 Briva Isarce, ancient town: see Pontoise. 
 
 Brives, or Brives-la-Gaillarde [breev-la-ga- 
 yard], town of France, III. 301. 
 
 Brix'en, town of Tyrol, III. 301. Council of 
 1080, 2 a. 
 
 Brix'ham, seaport of England, III. 301. Monu¬ 
 ment to the landing of William III., 2 ab. 
 
 Broach, district of India, III. 301. City, 2 b. 
 
 Broadcloth, manufacture of, XVI. 718, 1 a. 
 
 Broad River, of X. and S. Carolina, III. 301. 
 
 Broadsioord, Roman, I. 734, 2 c. 
 
 Broadus, Jobn Albert [braw'-dus], American 
 clergyman, III. 301. 
 
 Broc, Ranulph de, castle of, II. 441, 2 b. 
 
 Brocade', textile fabric, III. 302. 
 
 Brocatella, kind of marble, XI. 147, 1 be. 
 
 Brocciii, Giovanni Battista [brok'-ke], Italian 
 mineralogist and geologist, III. 302. 
 
 Broc'coli, species of cabbage, III. 302 (ill.). 
 
 Brock, Isaac, British general, III. 302. 
 
 Brock'edon, William, English artist and in¬ 
 ventor, III. 302. 
 
 Brocken, the, summit of the Hartz mountains, 
 VIII. 492, 2 c (ill.); 493, 2 c. Spectre of, 
 allusion to, I. 352, 2 c. 
 
 Brocket , deer, V. 761, 1 b; XIV. 386, 1 a. 
 
 Brockhaus, Friedrich Arnold [bruk'-house], 
 German publisher, III. 302. Friedrich and 
 Heinrich, 303, 1 b. Heinrich Eduard and 
 Heinrich Rudolf, 1 c. Hermann, orientalist, 
 2 a (died 1877). 
 
 Brocklesby, Richard [brok'-l’z-be], English 
 physician, III. 303. 
 
 Brock'port, village of New York, III. 303. 
 
 Brockville, town of Canada, III. 303. 
 
 Brocom'agus , ancient town : see Brumath. 
 
 Broderick, David Colbreth [brod'-rik], Amer¬ 
 ican politician, III. 304. 
 
 Broderie de Malines [bruh-dre dull ma-leen], 
 Mechlin lace, X. 78, 2 b. 
 
130 
 
 BEODERIP 
 
 BRONZE 
 
 Beod'erip, William John, English naturalist, 
 III. 304. 
 
 Brodhead, John Romeyn, American historian, 
 III. 304. 
 
 Bro'die, Sir Benjamin Collins, English sur¬ 
 geon, III. 304. Sir Benjamin Collins, pro¬ 
 fessor of chemistry, 2 be. 
 
 Brody, town of Austria, III. 304. 
 
 Brodzinski, Kazimierz [brod-zhin'-ske], Polish 
 soldier and poet, III. 305. 
 
 Brofferio, Angelo [brof-fa'-re-o], Italian poet 
 and politician, III. 305. 
 
 Brogan': see Brogue. 
 
 Broghill , Lord (Roger Boyle), III. 173, 2 a. 
 
 Broglia [bro'-lya]: see Broglie. 
 
 Broglie [broy’ or briih-lye], French family, 
 III. 305. Francois Marie, 1 c. Victor Mau¬ 
 rice, count de, ib. Frangois Marie, first 
 duke de, general and diplomatist, ib. Vic¬ 
 tor Frangois, second duke de, marshal of 
 France, ib. Claude Victor, prince de, poli¬ 
 tician and genera], 2 a. Achille Leonce 
 Victor Charles, duke de, statesman, ib. Al- 
 bertine Ida Gustavine de Stael, duchess de, 
 authoress, 2 c. Albert, duke de, statesman 
 and author, 306, 1 a. Maurice Jean Made¬ 
 leine, bishop of Ghent, 1 b. 
 
 Brogni, Jean Allarmet, cardinal de [duh bro- 
 nye], Roman prelate, III. 306. 
 
 Brogue [broag], coarse clog or shoe, III. 306. 
 In speech, 1 c. 
 
 Brohan, Augustine Suzanne [bro-a ng ], French 
 actress, III. 306. Josephine Felicite Augus¬ 
 tine, 2 a. Bmilie Madeleine, 2 c. 
 
 Broke, Sir Philip Bowes Vere [brook], British 
 admiral, III. 306. 
 
 Broken Wind, disease of horses, III. 307. 
 
 Broker, how differing from factor, VII. 54,1 b. 
 
 Brokers, stock , XV. 387, 2 c. New York 
 board of, 388, 1 a; Paris, 2 c. 
 
 Broma: see Cocoa, IV. 790, 1 a. 
 
 Bromal , hydrate of, as a hypnotic, III. 309, 
 1 ab. 
 
 Bromberg [brum'-bairg], city of Prussia, III. 
 307. 
 
 Brome, county of Canada, III. 307. 
 
 Brome, Richard, English dramatist, III. 307. 
 Alexander, w r riter, 2 a. 
 
 Brome grass: see Chess, IV. 384, 1 c. 
 
 Brome'lia an'anas (botany), XIII. 527, 2 c. 
 
 Bromelia'cece (botany), XIII. 527, 2 c. 
 
 Bromide of potassium, in medicine, I. 572, \ c; 
 II. 307, 2 b. 
 
 Beomides [bro'-midz], salts of bromine, III. 307. 
 
 Bromine [bro'-min], chemical element, III. 
 307. Sources, 2 c. Preparation, 308, 1 b. 
 Properties and uses, 2 b. Discovery of, in 
 sea water, II. 235, 1 a. 
 
 Bromley [brum'-le], town of England, III. 309. 
 Bromme, Traugott [brum'-meli], German trav¬ 
 eller and bookseller, III. 309. Karl Rudolf, 
 naval engineer, 1 c. 
 
 Beo'moform, chemical compound, III. 309. 
 Brom'sebro, treaty of, IV. 528, 1 a. 
 Bromsgeove, towm of England, III. 309. 
 Bromus (botany), IV. 384, 1 c. B. asper, 2 a 
 (ill.), and other species. B. secalinus, 1 c 
 and 2 a; VIII. 169, 1 ab; XVI. 587, 1 c. 
 B. mollis, IV. 3-85, 2 a (ill.). B. Scliraderi, 
 VIII. 168, 2 b. B. unioloides, ib. 
 
 Bronchi [brong'-ki], branches of the trachea, 
 
 III. 309 ; X. 721, 1 c. 
 
 Bronchial arteries, X. 722, 1 c. Bronchial 
 glands, ib. 
 
 Bronchial catarrh , III. 310, 1 a. 
 
 Bronchial tubes, III. 309, 2 c; X. 721, 2 a; 
 
 IV. 387, 2 a. 
 
 Bronchitis [brong-ki'-tis], disease, III. 309. 
 Hay bronchitis (hay fever), 310, 2 c. Ca¬ 
 pillary bronchitis, 311, 2 c. Influenza, 312, 
 
 1 be. Diphtheritic bronchitis, 2 a. 
 
 Bron'chocele, goitre, VIII. 70, 2 a. 
 Bronchoplasty , surgical operation, II. 156, 2 b. 
 Bronchorrhoda: see Bronchitis, III. 311,1 be. 
 Brondsted, Peder Oluf [bron'-sted], Danish 
 
 archaeologist, III. 312. 
 
 Brongniart, Alexandre Theodore [bro ng -nye- 
 ar], French architect, III. 313. Antoine 
 Louis, chemist, 1 a. Alexandre, chemist and 
 geologist, 1 b. His classification of mineral 
 earths, XI. 590, 1 b; of reptiles, VIII. 692, 
 
 2 c. Adolphe Theodore, botanist, III. 313,1 c. 
 Bronner, Johann Philipp [brun'-ner], German 
 
 writer on wdnes, III. 313. 
 
 Bronson, original name of Kalamazoo, IX. 
 734, 2 be. 
 
 Bronte [bron'-ta], town of Sicily, III. 313. 
 Bron'te, Charlotte, English novelist, III. 313. 
 Emily and Anne, ib. 
 
 Brontothe'ridce (zoology), XI. 197, 2 c; XIV. 
 290, 1 c. 
 
 Bronze, metallic alloy, III. 314. Ancient use 
 of, 1 be. Aluminum bronze, 315, 1 c. 
 Bronze age (archaeology), I. 185, 2 c; 642, 1 c; 
 
 643, 2 c; 644, 1 c, 2 b, c; VII. 197, 1 be. 
 Bronzed skin, disease, VII. 836, 1 c. 
 
 Bronze wolf, of the Roman capitol, referred 
 to, III. 756, 2 be. 
 
BRONZING 
 
 BROWN 
 
 131 
 
 Bronzing, III. 315 ; XII. 771, 1 be. Tucker’s 
 process for bronzing cast iron, III. 316, 1 ab. 
 Bronzino , Agnolo [bron-dze'-no], Italian paint¬ 
 er, I. 334, 2 b. 
 
 Broodhuis [brode'-hois], Brussels, where Eg- 
 mont and Horn spent their last night, III. 
 368, 1 c. 
 
 Brooke , Lord: see Greyille, Sir Fulke. 
 Brooke, county, III. 316. 
 
 Brooke, Frances, English authoress, III. 316. 
 Brooke, Francis J., American magistrate, III. 
 316. Francis J., soldier, 1 a. George Mer¬ 
 cer, general, ib. 
 
 Brooke, Henry, Irish novelist, III. 316. 
 Brooke, Sir James, rajah of Sarawak, III. 316. 
 Brookings, county, III. 317. 
 
 Brookline, town of Massachusetts, III. 317. 
 Reservoir for supplying Boston with water, 
 2 a. 
 
 Brooklyn, city of New York, III. 317. Di¬ 
 visions, 2 c. Population, 318, 1 a. Streets, 
 
 1 b. Buildings, 1 c. Church edifices, 2 c; 
 churches, 326, 1 b. Prospect park, 319, 1 c ; 
 other parks, 2 b. Greenwood cemetery, 
 
 2 c; main entrance, ib. (ill., 320); other 
 cemeteries, 320, 1 b. Steam ferries, 1 c. 
 Fulton ferry in 1791 (ill.), 2 c. East river 
 bridge, 321, 1 a. Railroads, 2 a. Com¬ 
 merce, 2 b. Atlantic dock, 2 c (ill., 322). 
 U. S. navy yard, 322, 2 b. Manufactures, 
 2 c. Government, 323, 1 c. Water supply, 
 2 c; XVI. 510, 2 ab. Finances, III. 324, 
 1 b. Charitable institutions, 2 a. Schools, 
 325, 1 a. Libraries, &c., 2 b. History, 326, 
 1 c. Fire in 1848, 327, 1 a; Y. 237, 1 c. 
 
 Brooklyn , county seat, XVI. 661, 1 c. 
 
 Brook minnow , fish, Y. 628, 2 be. 
 
 Brooks, county, III. 327. 
 
 Brooks, Charles Shirley, English author, III. 
 
 327. (Died 1874.) 
 
 Brooks, Charles Timothy, American author, 
 
 III. 327. 
 
 Brooks, James, American journalist, III. 327. 
 
 Erastus, journalist, 2 c. 
 
 Brooks, James Gordon, American poet, III. 328. 
 
 Mary Elizabeth, writer and designer, 1 b. 
 Brooks, John, M. D., American military offi¬ 
 cer, III. 328. 
 
 Brooks, Maria, American poetess, III. 328. 
 Brooks, Peter Chardon, American merchant, 
 III. 328. 
 
 Brooks, Phillips, American clergyman, III. 328. 
 Brooks, Preston S., American politician, III. 
 
 328. His assault on Mr. Sumner, 2c; its in¬ 
 
 direct occasion, 489, 2 a. See Burlingame, 
 Anson, 460, 1 a. 
 
 Brooks's , club, London, X. 607, 2 be. 
 
 Brookmlle , county seats, VII. 434, 2 b; IX. 
 586, 1 c. 
 
 Broom, plant, III. 329 (ill.). 
 
 Broom Corn, plant, III. 329 (ill.). ^ 
 
 Broome, county, III. 330. 
 
 Broome, William, English author, III. 330. 
 
 Broschi , Carlo [bros'-ke]: see Farinelli. 
 
 Bro'simum galactoden'dron (botany), Y. 445, 
 1 be. 
 
 Brosimus (ichthyology), Y. 592, 1 b. B. fla- 
 vescens, 1 b (ill.). B. vulgaris, 2 a. 
 
 Brosses, Charles de [dull bruss], French au¬ 
 thor, III. 330. 
 
 Brosset, Marie Felicite [briis-sa], French ori¬ 
 entalist, III. 330. 
 
 Brother Jonathan , origin of the expression, 
 XVI. 15, 1 ab. 
 
 Brothers, Richard, English fanatic, III. 331. 
 
 Brothers of Charity: see Charity, Brothers of. 
 
 Brothers of the Christian schools, popular edu¬ 
 cators, X. 177, 1 b; XI. 731, 1 b. Suppres¬ 
 sion of them in Germany, XI. 732, 1 a. See 
 Brethren of the Christian Schools. 
 
 Brothers of hospitality , IY. 277, 2 a. 
 
 Brothers hospitallers , IY. 277, 2 a; XI. 730, 
 1 b. Of St. John in Jerusalem, XIY. 535, 2 a. 
 
 Brotherton Indians , referred to, XI. 701, 1 be. 
 
 Brouckere, Charles Marie Joseph Ghislain 
 de [broo-kair], Belgian statesman, III. 331. 
 Henri Marie Joseph Ghislain de, 2 b. 
 
 Brougham, Henry [broo'-um or broom], lord 
 chancellor of England, III. 331. 
 
 Brougham, John, Irish actor and playwright, 
 III. 333. 
 
 Broughton, Lord [brow'-tun]: see IIoBnousE. 
 
 Broussa : see Brusa. 
 
 Broussais, Francois Joseph Victor [broo-sa], 
 French physician, III. 333. His “ physio¬ 
 logical system of medicine,” 2 be; 337, 2 a. 
 
 Brousson, Claude [broo-so ug ], French Protes¬ 
 tant martyr, III. 334. 
 
 Broussonnet, Pierre Auguste [broo-sun-nd], 
 French physician and naturalist, III. 334. 
 
 Broussone'tia (botany), XII. 29, 2 ab. B. pa- 
 pyrifera, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Brouwer , Adrian [brow'-er]: see Brauwer. 
 
 Brown, seven counties, III. 334. 
 
 Brown, Benjamin Gratz, American journalist, 
 III. 335. 
 
 Brown, Charles Brockden, American novelist, 
 III. 335; XYI. 192, 1 ab. 
 
132 
 
 BROWN 
 
 BRUCE 
 
 Brown, Ford Madox, English painter, III. 335. 
 Brown, Goold, American grammarian, III. 336. 
 Brown, Henry Kirke, American sculptor, III. 
 336. 
 
 Brown, Hugh Stowell, English clergyman, III. 
 336. 
 
 Brown, Jacob, American general, III. 336. 
 Brown, John, English author, III. 336. 
 
 Brown, John, Scottish Biblical critic, III. 336. 
 Brown, John, Scottish physician, III. 336. 
 Founder of the Brunonian system, 2 c. His 
 medical theory, 337, 1 c. 
 
 Brown, John, American officer, III. 337. 
 Brown, John, Scottish divine, III. 337. 
 Brown, John, Scottish author, III. 337. 
 Brown, John, American abolitionist, III. 338. 
 His invasion of Virginia, 340, 1 ab; trial 
 and execution, 341, 1 c. See Kansas, IX. 
 755, 1 a. 
 
 Brown, John Newton, American clergyman, 
 III. 341. 
 
 Brown, Nicholas, patron of Brown university, 
 III. 342. 
 
 Brown , Owen, treasurer under John Brown’s 
 constitution, III. 339, 2 be. 
 
 Brown , Bawdon , English scholar, referred to, 
 III. 530, 1 a; 531, 1 b. 
 
 Brown, Robert, founder of the sect of Brown- 
 ists, III. 342; IX. 199, 1 c. 
 
 Brown, Robert, British botanist, III. 342. 
 Brown, Sir Samuel, English engineer, III. 343. 
 Brown, Samuel, Scottish chemist and poet, 
 III. 343. 
 
 Brown, Tarleton, American soldier, III. 343. 
 Brown, Thomas, English satirist, III. 343. 
 Brown, Thomas, Scottish philosopher, III. 343. 
 See Moral Philosophy, XI. 807, 2 a; Phi¬ 
 losophy, XIII. 445, 2 b. 
 
 Brown, William Laurence, Scottish theologian, 
 III. 344. 
 
 Brown'bill, weapon: see Bill, II. 639, 1 c. 
 Brown Coal, III. 344. Jet, 2 a. 
 
 Browne, Charles Farrar, American humorist, 
 III. 344. 
 
 Browne, Edward Harold, English bishop, III. 
 
 344. 
 
 Browne, Frances, Irish poetess, III. 344. 
 Browne, George, count, Russian general, III. 
 
 345. 
 
 Browne, Henriette (pseudonyme), French ar¬ 
 tist, III. 345. 
 
 Browne, Isaac Hawkins, English poet. III. 345. 
 Browne, John Ross, American traveller and 
 author, III. 345. (Died 1875.) 
 
 Browne, Mary Ann, English poetess, III. 345. 
 
 Browne, Simon, English theologian, III. 346. 
 
 Browne, Sir Thomas, English physician and 
 author, III. 346. 
 
 Browne, William, English poet, III. 346. 
 
 Browne, William George, English traveller, 
 III. 346. 
 
 Brown'ell, Henry Howard, American author, 
 III. 346. 
 
 Brownell, Thomas Church, American bishop, 
 III. 346. 
 
 Brown gum tree , X. 13, 1 a. 
 
 Brown howler, monkey, XI. 750, 2 c. 
 
 Brownie, fairy, VII. 65, 1 a. 
 
 Browning, Elizabeth Barrett, English poetess, 
 III. 346. 
 
 Browning, Robert, English poet, III. 347. 
 
 Brownists, English sect, III. 342, 1 b; their 
 views, 2 be. Name changed to Indepen¬ 
 dents, IX. 199, 1 c. 
 
 Brownites and Gullenites , medical schools, III. 
 337, 1 b. 
 
 Brown'low, William Gannaway, American 
 clergyman, journalist, and politician, III. 348. 
 
 Brown ore (iron), IX. 408, 1 a. 
 
 Brown-Sequard, Charles Edward [-sa-kar], 
 French-American physiologist, III. 348. His 
 experiments on the nature of blood, II. 731, 
 2 be; 732, 2 be; 733, 1 ab, 2 be; 734, 1 b, 
 2 a; 735, 2 c; 736, 1 ab. On aniiiial elec¬ 
 tricity, I. 519, 1 a, 2 a, b, c. On aphasia in 
 insanity, IX. 306, 1 c. 
 
 Brownson, Orestes Augustus, American au¬ 
 thor, III. 349. See Philosophy, XIII. 447, 
 2 ab. (Died 1876.) 
 
 Brown Spar, kind of dolomite, III. 850. 
 
 Brownstown, county seat, IX. 483, 2 b. 
 
 Brownsville, borough of Pennsylvania, III. 
 350. City of Texas, 1 b. Village of Ten¬ 
 nessee, 1 c. 
 
 Brownsville , county seats, VI. 408, 2 b ; VIII. 
 553, 2 b. 
 
 Brown University, III. 350. 
 
 Bruce, county of Canada, III. 351. 
 
 Bruce, noble family of Scotland, III. 351. 
 Robert, lord of Annandale, claimant of the 
 crown, 2 b. Robert, earl of Carrick, 2 be. 
 Robert, king, 1 c. Castle hill, place of his 
 decease, 781,1 be. David II., king, 352, 2 b. 
 Edward, king of Ireland, 2 c; IX. 357,1 c. 
 
 Bruce, Dr. Archibald , founder of the first origi¬ 
 nal American scientific journal, VII. 691, 2 b. 
 
 Bruce, James, Scottish traveller, III. 353; I. 
 170, 2 b. 
 
BRUCE 
 
 BRUNO 
 
 133 
 
 Bruce, Michael, Scottish poet, III. 353. 
 Brucher, Antoine [bru-sha], French engraver, 
 reputed inventor of the coining mill, XI. 610, 
 2 b. 
 
 Bruchium [bru'-ke-um], royal division of an¬ 
 cient Alexandria, I. 290, 2 be. 
 
 Bruciisal [broo k h'-sal], town of Baden, III. 
 353. 
 
 Bru'chus pisi (entomology), XIII. 203, 1 b; 
 
 XVI. 536, 1 ab (ill.). 
 
 Bru'cia, vegetable alkali, III. 353. 
 
 Bruce [brook], two towns of Austria, B.-on-the- 
 Leitha [-ll'-ta] and B.-on-the-Mur [-moor], 
 III. 353. 
 
 Bruck : see Brugg. 
 
 Bruck , G. L. von, founder of the Austrian 
 Lloyd’s, X. 555, 2 b. 
 
 Briecke [briik'-eh], researches of on the blood, 
 
 II. 732, 2 be; 733, 1 ab, b, c. 
 
 Beuckenau [brtik'-eh-now], town of Bavaria, 
 
 III. 353. 
 
 Br'dckenthal, Baron [briik'-en-tal], palace of, 
 in Hermannstadt, VIII. 683, 2 a. 
 
 Beucker, Jakob [brook'-er], German scholar, 
 III. 353. 
 
 Bru'denell, Lord: see Cardigan, earl of. 
 Brudenell, Rev. Mr., second husband of Lady 
 Acland, I. 67, 1 b. 
 
 Bru'ges [Fr. brhzh], city of Belgium, III. 353. 
 Belfry tower, 2 c (ill., 354). Town hall (ho¬ 
 tel de ville), 354, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Bruges, Roger van, Flemish painter, III. 354. 
 Brugg [broog], village of Switzerland, III. 354. 
 Brugge [Flem. briig'-g&h]: see Bruges. 
 Brugge, Jan van, a name of Jan van Eyck, VII. 
 45, 1 a. 
 
 Beugger, Friedrich [broog'-ger], German sculp¬ 
 tor, III. 354. 
 
 Brugia, Brug, or Bruges, old name of Bridge- 
 north, III. 280, 1 c. 
 
 Brugmans, Sebaldus Justinus [brug'-mans], 
 Dutch physician and naturalist, III. 355. 
 Beugscii, Heinrich Karl [brooksh], German 
 Egyptologist, III. 355. 
 
 Beuiil, Heinrich, count, German statesman, 
 
 III. 355. Referred to, II. 116, 1 c. 
 
 Bruhns, Karl Christian [broonce], German as¬ 
 tronomer, III. 355. His “Manual of Loga¬ 
 rithms,” X. 578, 2 a. 
 
 Bruis , Peter de : see Bruys. 
 
 Bruit de diable [bru-e dull de-ab’l], in chlorosis, 
 
 IV. 504, 2 a. 
 
 Beumaire, the Eighteenth [bru-mair], day of 
 Bonaparte’s coup d’etat, III. 355. 
 
 Brumatii [broo'-m&t], town of Alsace, Ger¬ 
 many, III. 356. 
 
 Brum'xMEu, George Bryan (Beau Brummel), 
 English man of fashion, III. 356. Place and 
 circumstances of his death, 2 b, and 540, 
 
 1 c. 
 
 Brumpt [broomt]: see Brumatii. \ 
 
 Brun, Friederike Sophie Christiane [broon], 
 German authoress, III. 356. 
 
 Brunck, Richard Francois Philippe [broonk], 
 Franco-German philologist, III. 357. 
 
 Brundu'sium, or Brundisium: see Brindisi. 
 
 Beune, Guillaume Marie Anne, marshal of 
 France, III. 357. 
 
 Bruneau Shoshones [bru-no' sho-sho'-neez], In¬ 
 dians in Idaho, IX. 166, 1 be. 
 
 Brunehaut [briin-ho], queen of Austrasia, III. 
 357. 
 
 Brunehild [briin-liild], queen of Austrasia: see 
 Brunehaut. 
 
 Brunehild [broo'-neh-liilt], in the Nibelungen- 
 lied, XII. 419, 2 b. 
 
 Brunei/, Sir Mark Isambard, English civil en¬ 
 gineer, III. 358. Isambard Kingdom, en¬ 
 gineer and naval architect, 1 b. 
 
 Brunelleschi, Filippo [broo-nel-les'-ke], Italian 
 architect, III. 358. 
 
 Brunet, Jacques Charles [brii-na], French 
 bibliographer, III. 358. 
 
 Brunfels, Otto [broon'-felce], his woodcuts of 
 plants, III. 132, 1 ab. 
 
 Bruni, Leonardo [broo'-ne], Italian author, 
 III. 358. 
 
 Brunings, Christian [bru'-ninks], name of two 
 Dutch engineers, III. 359. Conrad Louis, 
 engineer, 1 b. 
 
 Brunn [briin], city of Moravia, III. 359 (ilk). 
 
 Beunn, Heinrich [broon], German archaeolo¬ 
 gist, III. 359. 
 
 Brunn, Johann Conrad : see Brunner. 
 
 Brunnen [broon'-nen], village of Switzerland, 
 III. 359. 
 
 Brunner, glands of, III. 360, 1 a; IX. 324, 1 a. 
 
 Brunner, Johann Conrad [broon'-ner], Ger¬ 
 man anatomist, III. 360. 
 
 Brunner, Sebastian, German author, III. 360. 
 
 Brunnow, Ernst Georg von [broon'-no], Ger¬ 
 man novelist and homoeopathist, III. 360. 
 Philipp, count, Russian diplomatist, 1 c. 
 
 Bru'no, name of Pope Gregory V., VIII. 243, 
 
 2 ab. 
 
 Bruno the Great, archbishop of Cologne, III. 
 360. 
 
 Bruno, Saint, apostle to the Prussians, III. 
 
134 
 
 BRUNO 
 
 BUBASTIS 
 
 360. Founder of the Carthusians, 2 b, and 
 IY. 325, 2 a. 
 
 Bruno, Giordano [broo'-no], philosopher, III. 
 
 360. See Philosophy, XIII. 440, 2 a. 
 Brunsberg [broonce'-bairg], watch tower of, 
 
 IX. 23, 2 ab. 
 
 Bruns'wick, two counties, III. 361. 
 
 Brunswick , county seats, VIII. 48, 2 a; IX. 
 741, 1 c. 
 
 Brunswick, town and village of Maine, III. 
 
 361. Town of Georgia, 362, 1 a. 
 Brunswick, duchy of Germany, III. 362. Cap¬ 
 ital city, 2 be. Gewandhaus, 363, 1 a (ill.) ; 
 council house, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Brunswick, House of, III. 363. Dukes of: 
 Ernest, 364, la; Christian, general in the 
 thirty years’ war, ib. ; Ernest Augustus, first 
 elector of Hanover, father of George I. of 
 England, 1 b; Ferdinand, Prussian general, 
 ib. ; Charles William Ferdinand, Prussian 
 general, 1 c; Frederick William, Prussian 
 general, 2 a; Charles Frederick Augustus 
 William, 2 ab. 
 
 Brunswick-Bevern [-ba'-vern], line of, III. 363, 
 2 c. 
 
 Brunswick Green, pigment, III. 364; Y. 319, 
 1 ab. 
 
 Brunswick-Limeburg [-lu'-nSh-boorg], line of, 
 III. 363, 2 c; dukes of, 364, 1 ab. 
 
 Brunswick- Wolfenbuttel [-vul'-fen-but-tel], line 
 of, III. 363, 2 c. 
 
 Brunton, Mary Balfour, English novelist, III. 
 364. 
 
 Brunton’s link , for chain cables, III. 527, 1 be 
 (ill.). 
 
 Brusa [broo'-sa], city of Asia Minor, III. 365 
 (ill.). 
 
 Brusasorci (Domenico Riccio), [broo-za-zor'- 
 che], Italian painter, III. 365. 
 
 Brush, III. 365. Machine for making flat 
 brushes, 366, 2 a (ills.). Hair pencils, 2 c. 
 Brush mountain basin , of coal, I. 556, 1 a. 
 Brush Turkey, III. 367 (ill.). 
 
 Brusquet [brus-ka], court jester, YII. 308, 1 a. 
 Brus'sels, city of Belgium, III. 367. Church 
 of St. Gudule, 2 c (ill.). Hotel de ville, 368, 
 
 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Brussels carpet , IY. 21, 2 b. Imperial Brussels, 
 
 2 c. 
 
 Bruttii: see Bruttium. 
 
 Brut'tium, ancient division of Italy, III. 369. 
 Bruttians, 1 b, c. 
 
 Bru'tus, Decimus Junius, Roman soldier, III. 
 369. 
 
 Brutus, Lucius Junius, Roman patriot, III. 
 369. 
 
 Brutus, Marcus Junius, one of the assassins of 
 Caesar, III. 370. 
 
 Brux, town of Bohemia, III. 370. 
 
 Bruxelles [Fr. briix-el or brii-sel]: see Brus¬ 
 sels. 
 
 Bruyas, Jacques [brti-yas], French Jesuit mis¬ 
 sionary, III. 370. Works on the Mohawk 
 language, ib ., and I. 188, 1 c. 
 
 Bruyere, Jean de la: see La Bruyere. 
 
 Bruyn, Cornells de [deli broin], Dutch travel¬ 
 ler and painter, III. 370. 
 
 Bruys, Peter.de [dull bru-e], founder of a sect 
 in France, III. 370. 
 
 Bry, Theodoric or Dirk [brl], Flemish engraver 
 and print and book publisher, III. 370. 
 
 Bry'an, county, III. 370. 
 
 Bryan, Sir Francis, English soldier and poet, 
 III. 371. 
 
 Bryan, Michael, English art connoisseur, III. 
 371. 
 
 Bryant , Sir Francis : see Bryan. 
 
 Bryant, Jacob, English writer, III. 371. 
 
 Bryant, William Cullen, American poet and 
 journalist, III. 371 ; XYI. 197, 2 c, 199, 2 a. 
 (Died 1878.) Peter, physician, III. 371, 2 ab. 
 
 Brydges, Sir Samuel Egerton, English author, 
 III. 372. 
 
 Brydone', Patrick, Scottish traveller, III. 373. 
 
 Bryitt , Nicholas , engraver to the English mint, 
 XL 616, 2 b. 
 
 Bryology , in botany, XI. 863, 2 c. 
 
 Bryo'nia, poisonous extract, III. 373. Bryo¬ 
 nia dioica (botany), 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Bryonine [bri'-o-nin] : see Bryonia. 
 
 Bry'ony , plant, III. 373, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Bryozo'a, or Moss Animals, III. 373; XIII. 
 691, 1 a; XYI. 834, 2 be. 
 
 Bryson's self-registering barometer , II. 328, 1 c. 
 
 Brzesc Litewski : see Brest Litovski. 
 
 Brzezan [brzhezh-an'j, town of Galicia, Aus¬ 
 tria, III. 373. 
 
 bTsong-Kha-pa [tsong-k’ha-pa'j, reformer of 
 Lamaism, X. 115, 2 be; 116, 2 c. 
 
 Bua [boo'-a], island in the Adriatic, III. 373. 
 
 Buachaille: see Staffa, XY. 301, 1 a. 
 
 BuAcnE, Philippe [bii-ash], French geographer, 
 III. 373. Jean Nicolas Buaclie de la Neu- 
 ville, geographer, 2 c. 
 
 Bu'age, plant, III. 374 (ill.). 
 
 Buansu'ah, wild dog, III. 374 (ill.); YI. 179, 
 1 a; IX. 11, 1 c. 
 
 Bubas'tis, or Bubastus, ancient city of Egypt, 
 
BUBO 
 
 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE 
 
 135 
 
 III. 374. Site of, 1 c, and II. 483, 1 ab. Bu- 
 bastis, goddess, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Bubo (ornithology), XII. 752, 2 c. B. Virgini- 
 anns, ib. (ill., 753). B. maximus, 753, 1 c. 
 Buboes , glandular swellings, XIII. 507, 2 c. 
 Bubo'na, in Roman mythology, III. 374. 
 Buboni'nce (ornithology), XII. 752, 2 c. 
 Buccaneers', freebooters, III. 374. Resorts of, 
 VIII. 791, 2 be; IX. 696, 1 be. 
 
 Buccin'idas, family of mollusks, III. 376. 
 Buc'cinum , shellfish furnishing the Tyrian pur¬ 
 ple dye (Pliny), YI. 339, 1 a (properly the 
 murex: see Murex, and Purple). The 
 whelk, XYI. 595,1 a. B. undatum, ib. (ill.). 
 B. obsoletum, 1 b. 
 
 Bucco (ornithology), XIY. 71, 2 a. B. macro- 
 rhynchus, 72, 1 a (ill., 71). 
 
 Bucconi'nce (ornithology), XIY. 71, 2 a. 
 Bucen'taur, Venetian state galley, III. 376 (ill.). 
 Bucentoro [Ital. boo-chen-to'-ro]: see Bucen- 
 taur. Destroyed, XYI. 298, 1 c. 
 Bucepli'ala (ornithology), YI. 290, 1 b. B. 
 Americana, ib. B. albeola, 1 c. Hybrid be¬ 
 tween the lophodytes cucullatus and B. 
 Americana, XI. 407, 1 ab. 
 
 Bucephalus, horse of Alexander, III. 376. 
 Bu'cer, Martin [Ger. boo'-tser], German re¬ 
 former, III. 377. His views of the eucha- 
 rist, X. 733, 1 c. 
 
 Bu'ceros (ornithology), VIII. 820, 1 b. B. rhi¬ 
 noceros, 2 a (ill.). B. erythrorhynchus, 2 c 
 (ill.). 
 
 Buch, Leopold von [fon boo k h], German geol¬ 
 ogist, III. 377. 
 
 Buchan, David [buk'-an], British explorer, III. 
 
 378. 
 
 Buchan, Elizabeth (Simpson), Scottish reli¬ 
 gious fanatic, III. 378. 
 
 Buchan, William, Scottish physician, III. 378. 
 Buchanan [buk-an'-an], three counties, III. 378. 
 Buchanan, county seat, VIII. 450, 1 c. 
 Buchanan, Claudius, English missionary, III. 
 
 379. 
 
 Buchanan, Franklin, American naval officer, 
 III. 379. (Died 1874.) 
 
 Buchanan, George, Scottish scholar and poet, 
 
 III. 379. 
 
 Buchanan, James, fifteenth president of the 
 United States, III. 380. Congressman, 1 b. 
 Minister to Russia, 1 c. U. S. senator, ib. 
 Action on anti-slavery petitions, 2 ab ; on 
 the French indemnity question, 2 b; on the 
 Ashburton treaty, 2 c; on the annexation 
 of Texas, 381, 1 a. Secretary of state, 1 ab. 
 
 Northwestern boundary, 1 b. Minister to 
 England, 1 c. Ostend manifesto, 2 ab. Elect¬ 
 ed president, 2 be. His course on the Kansas 
 question, 2c; on the Mormon rebellion, 
 382, 1 a; in regard to secession, 1 b, ff. 
 Breaking up of his cabinet, 2 a. Ilis de¬ 
 fence of his administration, ^.bc. 
 
 Buchanan, Robert, Scottish poet, III. 382. 
 
 Bucharest [boo-ka-rest'], capital of Rouma- 
 nia, III. 383 (ill.). Treaty of, I. 282, 1 c. 
 
 Bucha'ria : see Bokhara. 
 
 Buchez, Philippe Joseph Benjamin [bti-sha], 
 French physician and writer, III. 384. 
 
 Buchloe dactyloi'des [bu-klo'-e], (botany), VIII. 
 168, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Buchner, Georg [bti c h'-ner], German poet, 
 III. 384. Friedrich Karl Christian Louis, 
 philosopher, 1 c. Alexander, author, 2 b. 
 Luise, poet and novelist, 2 be. 
 
 Bucholz [boo'Aholts], his theory of lactic fer¬ 
 mentation, VII. 147, 1 be. 
 
 Buchon, Jean Alexandre [bu-sho ng ], French 
 writer, III. 384. 
 
 Buchu [boo-koo'J, vegetable medical product, 
 III. 385 (ill.). 
 
 Buck, male of deer family, III. 385 ; VII. 75, 
 1 be. Buck of the first head, 1 c. Great 
 buck, ib. 
 
 Buckau [book'-kow], town of Prussia, III. 
 385. 
 
 Buckeburg [btik'-keh-boorg], town of Ger¬ 
 many, III. 385. 
 
 Bucket: see Wheel, XVI. 593, 1 b. 
 
 Buckeye : see Horse Chestnut. 
 
 Buckhan'non, county seat, XVI. 218, 1 be. 
 
 Buckhorn , species of plantain, XIII. 594, 2 c. 
 
 Buckhounds, VII. 75, 2 be; master of, ib. 
 
 Buckie , mollusk, XVI. 595, 1 a. 
 
 Buckingham, county, III. 385. 
 
 Buckingham [buk'-ing-um], borough of Eng¬ 
 land, III. 385. 
 
 Buckingham, Earls and Dukes of, III. 385. 
 George Villiers, statesman, 2 c; IX. 517, 
 1 c; XIV. 226, 1 a. George Villiers, sec¬ 
 ond duke, III. 386, 1 c. 
 
 Buckingham, or Buckinghamshire, John Shef¬ 
 field, duke of, statesman and poet, III. 387. 
 
 Buckingham, James Silk, English traveller 
 and author, III. 387. 
 
 Buckingham, Joseph Tinker, American jour¬ 
 nalist, III. 388. 
 
 Buckingham college , Oxford, II. 103, 2 be. 
 
 Buckingham palace , X. 608, 2 c (ill., 609). 
 
 Buckinghamshire, county of England, III. 388. 
 
136 
 
 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE 
 
 BUFFALO 
 
 Buckinghamshire, duke of: see Buckingham, 
 III. 387, 1 b. 
 
 Buckings , in bleaching, II. 703, 2 c. 
 
 Buckland, Cyrus, American inventor, III. 388. 
 Buckland , Mt ., Tierra del Fuego, VII. 549, 2 a. 
 Buckland, William, D. D., English geologist, 
 
 III. 388. His discoveries of fossil remains 
 at Kirkdale, 2b; 63, 2 ab. Francis Trevel¬ 
 yan, naturalist, 389, 1 a. 
 
 Buckle, Henry Thomas, English author, III. 
 389. 
 
 Buckler: see Shield, XIV. 853, 1 c. 
 
 Buckler , Johann (Schinderhannes), brigand, 
 
 IV. 343, 2 c. 
 
 Buck'minster, Joseph, American clergyman, 
 III. 389. Joseph Stevens, clergyman, 2 be. 
 Bucks , county of England: see Buckingham¬ 
 shire. 
 
 Bucks, county of Pennsylvania, III. 390. 
 Bucksport, town of Maine, III. 390. 
 Buckstone, John Baldwin, English actor and 
 dramatist, III. 390. 
 
 Buckthorn, plant, III. 390 (ill.). Use in 
 hedges, VIII. 604, 2 c. 
 
 Buckwheat, grain, III. 391 (ilk). Siberian 
 buckwheat, 1 c. 
 
 Buckicheat , climbing , herb, XIII. 689, 1 a. 
 Bucquoy, Jean Albert d’Archambaud, count 
 and abbe de [dull bii-kwa], French writer, 
 III. 391. 
 
 Bucy'rus, town of Ohio, III. 391. 
 
 Buczacz [boo'-cliatch], town of Galicia, Aus¬ 
 tria, III. 391. 
 
 Bud: see Plant, XIII. 576, 1 be; 577, 1 a. 
 Bud , in yeast, VII. 142, 2 c (ills., 143). 
 
 Bu'da [Hung, boo'-daw], capital of Hungary, 
 III. 391 ; view, 392. Buda-Pesth, 391, 2 c. 
 Bud^e'us : see Bude. 
 
 Budaga , tribe of India, IX. 215, 2 c. 
 
 Budaon': see Budayoon. 
 
 Budayoon', town of British India, III. 393. 
 Budde [bood'-deh]: see Buddeus. 
 
 Buddeus, Johann Franz [bood-da'-oos], Ger¬ 
 man theologian, III. 393. Aurelio, traveller, 
 1 b. 
 
 Buddha [bood'-da], generic name of innumer¬ 
 able deified teachers, III. 393, 1 c; 400, 1 a. 
 Sakyamuni, the present Buddha, ninth in¬ 
 carnation of Vishnu, 393, 1 c; II. 159, 1 c. 
 Modern idol representing him (ill.), III. 393 ; 
 sleeping idol, II. 270, 1 c. Relics of him, 
 III. 402,1 a. His influence on Brahmanism, 
 
 IX. 228, 1 be. Footprint of, I. 110, 2 be; 
 
 X. 46, 2 c. Mountain of, X. 181, 1 ab. 
 
 Buddhala, mountain of Buddha, X. 181,1 ab. 
 Buddhism and Buddha, an Asiatic religion and 
 its founder, III. 393. Legendary history of 
 Buddha, 1 c. Original character of Bud¬ 
 dhism, 394, 2 a. Its history, 2 c. Its doc¬ 
 trines, 396, 1 c. Divisions of the Buddhist 
 scriptures: the Dharma, 396, 2 b ; the Vina- 
 ya, 400, 2 a; the Abhidharma, 403, 1 a. 
 Treatment of women, 401, 2 c. Worship, 
 ib. Buddhism and Brahmanism, 394, 1 c; 
 IX. 228, 1 c. See Lamaism. 
 
 Buddhism in Japan } IX. 537, 2 c; 538, 2 a; 
 541, 2 c; 542, 2 b; 543, 2 c; XII. 472, 1 b. 
 Literature of, IX. 563, 1 b. 
 
 Buddhists , III. 393, 1 c. Total number of, 396, 
 1 ab. 
 
 Budding, in arboriculture, III. 403 (ilk). An¬ 
 chor budding, 404, 2 b. 
 
 Buddie , in metallurgy, XI. 424, 1 ab. 
 Buddumas , African tribe, XV. 598, 1 ab. 
 
 Bude, Guillaume [bii-da], French scholar, III. 
 
 404. 
 
 Bude Light, III. 404. 
 
 Budgell, Eustace, English writer, III. 405. 
 Budweis [bood'-vice], town of Bohemia, III. 
 
 405. 
 
 Buel, Jesse, American agriculturist, III. 405. 
 Buell, Don Carlos, American general, III. 405. 
 Buen Ayre [bwain i'-ra], island, West Indies, 
 III. 405. 
 
 Buena Vista [bu'-na vis'-ta], county, III. 406. 
 Buena Vista , county seat, XI. 168, 2 a. 
 
 Buena Vista [bwa'-na vees'-ta], Mexico, battle 
 of, III. 406. 
 
 Buenos Ayres [bu'-nos a'-riz or airz; Sp. bwa'- 
 noce I'-race], province of the Argentine Re¬ 
 public, III. 406. Capital city, 407, 1 c (ill.). 
 History, 409, 2 b. 
 
 Bufeo [boo-fa'-o], fish, III. 14, 2 c. 
 
 Buf'falo, animal, III. 410. Distinguished 
 from the bison, 1 b, and II. 667, 2 b. Indian 
 buffalo, III. 410, 1 c (ilk). Caffer or Cape 
 buffalo, 2 c (ilk, 411). Bhainsa, 410, 2 a. 
 Arna, ib. 
 
 Buffalo, three counties, III. 411. 
 
 Buffalo, city of New York, III. 411. View, 
 415. Public parks and buildings, 412, 1 b. 
 Railroads, 2 a. Commerce, 2 b. Industries, 
 414,1 ab. Government, 2 a. Finances, 2 be. 
 Charitable institutions, 2 c. Education, 415, 
 1 c. Libraries, ckc., 416,1 a. Churches, 1 be. 
 Buffalo , county seat, V. 644, 1 b. 
 
 Buffalo fish , VIL 622, 1 a. 
 
 Buffalo gnat , II. 678, 2 b~ 
 
BUFFALO 
 
 BULLION 
 
 137 
 
 Buffalo grass , VIII. 168, 2 c (ill.); IX. 749,1 b. 
 
 Buffier, Claude [bti-fya], French author, III. 
 416. 
 
 Buff Leather, III. 416. 
 
 Buff limestone , X. 252, 1 c. 
 
 Buffon, Georges Louis Leclerc, count de [bii- 
 fo ng ], French naturalist, III. 416. Experi¬ 
 ments with the burning glass, 471, 2 b. Re¬ 
 lation of comparative anatomy to natural 
 history first fully perceived by him, V. 185, 
 2 b. Mistake of an elephant’s bones for hu¬ 
 man, VII. 795, 1 ab. Views of organic de¬ 
 velopment referred to, VII. 10, 1 c; of the 
 action of water in mountains and valleys, 
 688, 2 a.—Henri Leclerc, his son, III. 417, 
 1 c. 
 
 Buffoon of the woods (barred owl), XII. 754, 2 c. 
 
 Bufo (zoology), XV. 777, 2 c. B. vulgaris, ib. 
 (ill.). 
 
 Buford , Major , leader of an armed force in 
 Kansas, IX. 754, 1 c, 2 b. 
 
 Bug : see Hemiptera. 
 
 Bug [boog], two rivers of Russia, III. 417. 
 
 Bugbane , herb, IV. 583, 1 be. 
 
 Bugeaud de la Pioonnerie, Thomas Robert 
 [bti-zho duh la pe-kun-re], duke of Isly, 
 French general, III. 417. “Ex-jailer of 
 Blaye,” 2 be: see Berry, II. 582, 1 b. 
 
 Bugenhagex, Johann [boo'-ghen-ha-gken], 
 German reformer, III. 418. 
 
 Bugge, Thomas [boog'-geh], Danish astrono¬ 
 mer, III. 418. 
 
 Bugiiis, or Bugis [boo'-ghees], a Malay people, 
 III. 418; IV. 169, 1 b. Referred to, XI. 
 56, 1 a and 2a; 57, 2 ab; 58, 2 c. 
 
 Buiile, Johann Gottlieb [boo'-leli], German 
 philosopher, III. 419. 
 
 Buhl Work [bule], inlaying, III. 419. 
 
 B'uhren: see Biron, Ernest John. 
 
 Buhrstone [bur'-stone], for millstones, III. 419. 
 
 Buil, Bernardo [boo-eeT], Spanish missionary, 
 III. 420. 
 
 Bujayah [boo-ja'-ya], town: see Bougiah. 
 
 Bukarest : see Bucharest. 
 
 Bukowixa [boo-ko-ve'-na], a crownland of 
 Austria, III. 420. 
 
 Baku [boo-koo'J, Japanese second mourning, 
 XII. 13, 1 c. 
 
 Bukvitza [book-vit'-sa]: see Glagolitic. 
 
 Bulak [boo-lak'J: see Boolak. 
 
 Bulama [boo-la'-ma], African island, III. 420. 
 Bulama association, 2 a. 
 
 Bulau [boo'-low], insectivorous mammal, III. 
 420 (ill.). 
 
 Bulb: see Plant, XIII. 577, 2 c. Dutch bulbs, 
 IX. 99, 2 a; XVI. 26, 1 c; VIII. 362, 2 a. 
 Bulbils , in botany, X. 542, 2 a. 
 
 Bulffnger : see Bilfinger. 
 
 Bulga'ria, province of European Turkey, III. 
 420. Bulgarian costumes, 421, 2 b (ill.). 
 History, 422, 1 b. Kingdom of Bulgaria, 
 
 1 c. Its overthrow, 2 ab. 
 
 Bulgarian Language and Literature, III. 
 
 423. 
 
 Bulgarians , race, III. 422,1 b. Sect, IV. 115, 2 c. 
 Bulgaric branch of the Finns , VII. 206, 2 c. 
 Bulgarin, Thaddeus [bool-ga'-rin], Russian au¬ 
 thor, III. 423. 
 
 Bulibani [boo-le-ba'-ne], capital of Bondoo, 
 Africa, III. 57, 2 b. 
 
 Bu'limus, genus of land snails, III. 424 (ill.). 
 
 B. rosaceus, 1 b. B. ovatus, ib. 
 
 Bulkley, Peter, American clergyman, III. 424. 
 Bull : see Ox. 
 
 Bull, Papal, III. 424. How different from 
 brief, 1 c. The most celebrated bulls, 2 ab. 
 Bullae dimidise, 2 b. 
 
 Bull , Brahman: see Zebu. 
 
 Bull, George, English prelate, III. 424. 
 
 Bull, John, familiar name of the English, III. 
 
 424. 
 
 Bull, John, English musician, III. 424. 
 
 Bull, Ole Bornemann, Norwegian violinist, 
 III. 425. 
 
 Bul'la: see Seal, XIV. 735,1 a, b, 2 a. 
 
 Bull and bear , terms of the stock exchange, 
 XV. 388, 1 c. 
 
 Bulla'rium , collection of papal bulls, III. 719, 
 
 2 b. Bullarium Magnum, ib. 
 
 Bulldog, III. 425 (ill.). 
 
 Bull Fight, Spanish amusement, III. 426. 
 Bullfinch, bird, III. 426 (ill.). 
 
 Bullfinch , hedge, XVI. 51, 1 a. 
 
 Bullfrog , VII. 505, 2 c (ill., 506). Northern 
 bullfrog (ill.), 506, 1 a. 
 
 Bullhead, fish, III. 426. Common bullhead, 
 427, 1 b (ill.). Greenland bullhead, 1 c (ill.). 
 River bullhead, 2 c (ill., 428). Prickly bull¬ 
 head, 428, 1 b. Acadian bullhead, or deep 
 water sculpin: see Sea Raven, XIV. 739, 2 a. 
 Bullhead , bird, XIII. 618, 1 c. 
 
 Bullinger, Heinrich [booF-ing-er], Swiss theo¬ 
 logian, III. 428. 
 
 Bullion , base or crude: see Silver, XV. 50, 2 a. 
 Bullion , in glass making, VIII. 16, 2 c. Bul¬ 
 lion point, 17, 1 b. 
 
 “ Bullion Reportfi of the house of commons, 
 
 XI. 745, 1 a. 
 
138 
 
 BULLITT 
 
 BURAXO 
 
 Bullitt, county, III. 428. 
 
 Bullock, two counties, HI. 428. 
 
 Bullock's lungwort: see Mullein, XII. 81, 1 b. 
 
 Bull Run, stream of Virginia, III. 428. First 
 battle of, 2 c. Second battle of, 430, 1 c. 
 
 Bull sapling: see Pine, XIII. 523, 2 ab. 
 
 Bull's eye , in glass making, VIII. 17, 1 b. 
 
 Bull's mouth , cameo shell, III. 652, 2 a. 
 
 Bull snake : see Pine Snake, XIII. 530, 1 ab. 
 
 Bully tree , VIII. 301, 2 a. 
 
 Bulou , plant, VII. 110, 1 c. 
 
 Bulow, Friedrich Wilhelm, baron von [fon 
 bti'-lo], Prussian general, III. 431. Adam 
 Heinrich Dietrich, baron von, military wri¬ 
 ter, 432, 1 b. 
 
 Bulow, Hans Guido von, German pianist and 
 composer, III. 432. Karl Eduard von, novel¬ 
 ist and poet, 1 c. Cosima, wife of Hans, 
 2 b. 
 
 BuLEUsn, plant, III. 432 (ill.); XVI. 97, 1 a. 
 
 Bulti [bul-te'J, state of central Asia, III. 433. 
 
 Bultistan [bul-te-stan'J: see Bulti. 
 
 Buluk bashi [boo-look' ba'-she], Turkish mili¬ 
 tary title, XI. 361, 1 ab. 
 
 Bulundshuhur : see Boolundshahue. 
 
 Bulwee, Edward : see Bulwee-Lytton. 
 
 Bulwee, Henry Lytton Earle, Baron Dalling 
 and Bulwer, English diplomatist and author, 
 III. 433. 
 
 Bulwee, John, English physician, III. 433. 
 
 Bulwee-Lytton, Edward George Earle Lytton, 
 Baron Lytton, English novelist, III. 433. 
 Rosina, Lady Bulwer-Lytton, writer, 434, 
 2 c. Edward Robert Bulwer-Lytton, Baron 
 Lytton, poet (governor general of India, 
 1876), ib. : see Keasinski, X. 55, 1 b. 
 
 Bum-bailiff: see Bailiff, II. 222, 1 b. 
 
 Bumblebee (humblebee) : see Bee, II. 457, 1 c. 
 
 Buncombe [bung'-kum], county, III. 435. Talk¬ 
 ing for Buncombe, 1 c; I. 415, 1 b. 
 
 Bun’dela country : see Bundelcund. 
 
 Bundelcund', province of India, III. 435. 
 
 Bundi [boon-dee']: see Boondee. 
 
 Bundschuh [boont'-shoo], (league of the brogue), 
 XIII. 215, 1 be. 
 
 Bunge, Alexander [boong'-eh], Russian botanist 
 and traveller, III. 435. Fridrikh Egor, ju¬ 
 rist, 2 ab. 
 
 Bunijugas , Hindoo traders, IX. 214, 2 ab. 
 
 Bunkee Hill, III. 435. Battle of, 2 b. Bun¬ 
 ker Hill monument, 437, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Bunneahs , Hindoo traders, IX. 214, 2 ab. 
 
 Bunsen, Christian Karl Josias, baron von [fon 
 boon'-sen], German scholar and diplomatist, 
 
 III. 437. His memoirs by Baroness Bunsen, 
 439, 1 be. His sons, ib. 
 
 Bunsen, Robert Wilhelm, German chemist, 
 III. 439. His air suction pump, I. 221, 1 b 
 (ill.); blast lamp, II. 750, 1 a; ice calorime¬ 
 ter, VIII. 574, 1 be (ill.) ; burner, VII. 255, 
 
 1 b (ill.) ; galvanic battery, 591,1 be; siphon 
 barometer, 653, 2 b; photometer, XIII. 473, 
 
 2 c. 
 
 Bunt, fungus, VII. 528, 2 a; 531, 1 b; 532, 
 2 b; XVI. 223, 1 b. 
 
 Bunting, bird, III. 439. Black-throated bun¬ 
 ting, 2 c (ilk). Snow bunting, 440,. 1 b. 
 Lark bunting, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Bunting, Jabez, English clergyman, III. 440. 
 Buntzlau : see Bunzlau. 
 
 Bunyan, John, English preacher and author, 
 III. 440. “Pilgrim’s Progress,” 441, 1 c. 
 See Douglas, Gawin, VI. 225, 1 b. 
 
 Bunyan meeting house , in Bedford, Eng., II. 
 448, 1 be. 
 
 Bunzlau [boonts'-low], town of Prussia, III. 
 
 441. Town of Bohemia: see Jung-Bunzlau. 
 Buol-Sciiauenstein, Karl Ferdinand, count von 
 [boo'-ole-show'-en-stine], Austrian states¬ 
 man, III. 441; II. 147, 1 c. 
 
 Buonaccorsi, Pietro [bo-nak-kor'-se], painter: 
 see Vaga, Perino del. 
 
 Buonafede, Appiano [bo-na-fa'-da], Italian 
 philosopher, III. 441. 
 
 Buonaeotti, Filippo [bo-na-rot'-te], French 
 revolutionist, III. 442; II. 182, 1 b. 
 Buonaeotti (more correctly, Buonarroti), 
 Michel Angelo, Italian painter, sculptor, and 
 architect, III. 442. Michel Angelo, poet, 
 
 443, 2 c. 
 
 Buonaventuri , Pietro [bo-na-ven-too'-re], lover 
 of Bianca Capello, III. 749, 1 c. 
 Buoncampagni , Ugo [boo-oan-kam-pa'-nye], 
 (Pope Gregory XIII.), VIII. 245, 1 a. 
 Buononcini : see Bononcini. 
 
 Buoys [bwoiz], floating danger signals, X. 458, 
 1 c; 462, 1 c. 
 
 Bu'palus, Greek sculptor, III. 444. 
 
 Bu'phaga, a genus of birds: see Oxpeckee, 
 XII. 768, 1 c. B. Africana, 2 a (ill.). B. 
 erythrorhyncha, 2 ab. 
 
 Buppo [boop'-po], Japanese for Buddhism, IX. 
 537, 2 c. 
 
 Bupres’tis (entomology), II. 476, 2 ab. 
 
 Buran [boo-ran'J, a wind, XIV. 478, 2 c. 
 Buranello: see Galuppi, Baldassare. 
 
 Bueano [boo-ra'-no], island near Venice, III. 
 
 444. 
 
BURBADGE 
 
 BURKSYILLE 
 
 139 
 
 Burbadge: see Burbage. 
 
 Burbage, Richard, English actor, III. 444. 
 Burbot, fish, III. 444. European, 1 c (ill.); 
 
 spotted, 2 a; eel pout, ib. 
 
 Burckiiardt, Johann Karl [boork'-hart], Ger¬ 
 man astronomer, III. 444. 
 
 Burckiiardt, Johann Ludwig, Swiss traveller, 
 III. 444. 
 
 Bur clover, X. 703, 2 ab. 
 
 BuRDAcn, Karl Friedrich [boor'-da k li], German 
 physiologist, III. 445. 
 
 Bur'dekin, river of Australia, III. 445. 
 
 Burden, Henry, American inventor, III. 445. 
 Machine for making horse shoes, VIII. 831, 2 
 a. Rotary squeezer, referred to, IX. 401,1 ab. 
 Burder, George, English clergyman, III. 445. 
 Burdett', Sir Francis, English politician, III. 
 
 445. Angela Georgina: see Burdett-Ooutts. 
 Burdett-Coiitts [-koots], Angela Georgina, 
 baroness, English philanthropist, III. 446. 
 Burdig'ala , ancient town: see Bordeaux. 
 Burdwan', city of Hindostan, III. 446. 
 
 Bureau [bu'-ro], county, III. 446. 
 
 Bureau of education , in the United States, 
 V. 159, 2 c; VI. 427, 1 c. 
 
 Burette ', graduated test tube, IV. 501, 1 c; 
 XIII. 758, 1 ab. 
 
 Burg [boorg], name of two Prussian towns, 
 
 III. 446. 
 
 Burg, Johann Tobias [burg], German astrono¬ 
 mer, III. 446. 
 
 Eurgdorf [boorg'-dorf ], town of Switzerland, 
 III. 447. 
 
 Burgee ', flag, in naval signals, XV. 35, 2 b. 
 Burger, Gottfried August [btir'-gher], German 
 poet, III. 447. 
 
 Burges, Tristam [bur'-jess], American states¬ 
 man, III. 447. 
 
 Burgess, George, American bishop, III. 447. 
 Burgess, Thomas, English bishop, III. 448. 
 Burgesses of Oxford , XII. 761, 2 b. 
 
 Burgii, James, Scottish writer, III. 448. 
 Burgher and Anti-Burgher synods, in the Scot¬ 
 tish Presbyterian church, XIII. 811,1 c. 
 Burgiiley, Lord : see Burleigh. 
 
 Burgi , Jobst [biir'-ghe] : see Byrgius, Justus. 
 Burglar alarms , I. 238, 2 a. 
 
 Burglary, III. 448. 
 
 Burgomaster , bird, VIII. 318, 2 c. 
 
 Burgos [boor'-goce], province of Spain, III. 
 
 448. Capital city, 449, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Burgoyne, John [bur-goin'j, English general, 
 III. 450. Sir John Fox, general, 1 c. Hugh 
 Talbot, naval officer, 2 b. 
 
 Burgschmiet, Jakob Daniel [boorg'-shmeet], 
 German sculptor, III. 450. 
 
 Burgundia , Little , a former division of Switz¬ 
 erland, XV. 529, 2 a. 
 
 Burgun'dians, ancient German race, III. 450. 
 
 Burgundians and Orleanists , French political 
 parties, IV. 286, 1 b. ^ 
 
 Burgundii: see Burgundians. 
 
 Bur'gundy, III. 451. First kingdom of, 1 a. 
 Cisjurane and Transjurane, 1 b. Duchy 
 of: first ducal house, 2 a; second ducal 
 house, 2 b. Province of, 2 c. 
 
 Burgundy , palatine county of, VII. 415, 1 b. 
 
 Burgundy pitch , XIII. 547, 1 a. 
 
 Burgundy Wines: see France, "Wines of, 
 VII. 412, 2 c, ff. 
 
 Burhaunpoor: see Booriianpoor. 
 
 Burij in Horse mythology, XII. 119, 2 b. 
 
 Burial, III. 452. Mummification, 2 a. An¬ 
 cient Egyptian funeral procession (ill.), ib. 
 Greek funeral urns, 2 a (ill.); Roman, 453, 
 1 c (ill., 452). Roman funeral rites, 453, 
 
 1 a; XIII. 780, 2 a. Columbaria, III. 453, 
 
 2 a (ill.). Aboriginal burial, 2 b (ilk). Fune¬ 
 ral wake, 454,1 a. Burying alive, 1 be ; pre¬ 
 cautions against, ib. ; mortuary houses, 2 c. 
 
 Bu'riats, Mongolian tribes, III. 455 ; XI. 747, 
 1 b. 
 
 Buridan, Jean [bu-re-da ng ], French philoso¬ 
 pher, III. 455. Buridan’s ass, 1 c. 
 
 Burigny, Jean Levesque de [la-vaik dull bti- 
 re-nye], French author, III. 455. 
 
 Burke, two counties, III. 455. 
 
 Burke, gEdanus, American jurist, III. 455. 
 
 Burlce, Col., Fenian leader, VII. 129, 2 a. 
 
 Burke, Edmund, English statesman, III. 455. 
 His course in parliament in relation to the 
 American stamp act, 456, 2 a. Appointed 
 agent of Hew York, 2 be. Speech on Amer¬ 
 ican taxation, 2 c. Labors on East Indian 
 affairs, 457, 1 b. Impeachment of Warren 
 Hastings, 2*5. Rupture with Fox, 1 c. Char¬ 
 acterization, 2 ab. His works and biogra¬ 
 phies, 2 b. 
 
 Burke, Sir John Bernard, English genealogist, 
 III. 457. “ Burke’s Peerage and Baronet¬ 
 
 age,” 2 c. 
 
 Burke, John Doly, American historian, III. 458. 
 
 Burke, Robert O’Hara, Australian explorer, 
 III. 458. 
 
 Burke, Thomas Hicholas, Irish Dominican 
 preacher, III. 458. 
 
 Bur'kel, Heinrich, German painter, III. 458. 
 
 BurJcsville , county seat, V. 567, 1 a. 
 
140 
 
 BURLAMAQUI 
 
 BURRHUS 
 
 Burlamaqui, Jean Jacques [biir-la-ma-ke], 
 Swiss writer on law, III. 458. 
 
 Burleigh, William Cecil, lord [bur'-le], Eng¬ 
 lish statesman, III. 459. 
 
 Burleigh, William Henry, American author 
 and journalist, III. 459. George S., poet, 
 and Charles C., lecturer, 2 ab. 
 
 Burleigh drill, II. TOO, 1 c (ill.); III. 100, 1 a. 
 
 Burler , a dresser of cloth, XVI. 719, 1 c. 
 
 Bur'leson, county, III. 459. 
 
 Burling, in woollen manufacture, XVI. 719,1 c. 
 
 Burlingame, county seat, XII. 714, 1 b. 
 
 Bur'lingame, Anson, American diplomatist, 
 III. 459. 
 
 Burlington, couuty, III. 460. 
 
 Burlington, city of Vermont, III. 460. 
 
 Burlington, city of New Jersey, III. 461. 
 
 Burlington, city of Iowa, III. 461. 
 
 Burlington, county seat, III. 82, 2 ab. 
 
 Burlington, England: see Bridlington. 
 
 Burlington, Richard Boyle, earl of, English 
 architect, III. 462. 
 
 Burlington house, London, X. 606, 1 ab. 
 
 Burmah, kingdom of Asia, III. 462. Physical 
 features, 1 c. Productions, 2 c. Fauna, 463, 
 
 1 ab. Minerals, 463, 1 c; petroleum wells, 
 
 2 a. Climate, 2 b. Manufactures and com¬ 
 merce, 2 be. Taxation, 464, 1 b. Army, 
 1 c. Government, 2 a. People, 464, 2 c (ill., 
 465). Language, 465, 1 c, and IX. 253, 2 c. 
 Religion, III. 465, 2 c. History, 466, 1 b. 
 
 Burmah, British, III. 466. 
 
 Burmann, Franciscus [bur'-man], Dutch Bible 
 commentator, III. 468. Pieter, scholar (two), 
 1 a and c. 
 
 Burmantofts, England, industrial school at, 
 X. 312, 1 ab. 
 
 Burmeister, Hermann [boor'-mice-ter], Ger¬ 
 man naturalist, III. 468. His classification 
 of birds, XII. 708,1 b; of insects, VI. 661, 2 a. 
 
 Burmese , race, III. 464, 2 c (ill.) ; IX. 252, 2 c. 
 
 Burmese language, III. 465,1 c ; literature, 2 be. 
 
 Burnap, George Washington, American clergy¬ 
 man, III. 468. 
 
 Burnes, Sir Alexander, British geographer and 
 diplomatist, III. 468. Lieut. Charles, 469,1 b. 
 
 Burnet, county, III. 469. 
 
 Burnet , county seat, II. 469, 1 c. 
 
 Burnet, Gilbert, English bishop and author, 
 III. 469. 
 
 Burnet, James: see Monboddo. 
 
 Burnet, John, Scottish engraver and painter, 
 III. 470. 
 
 Burnet, Thomas, English author, III. 470. 
 
 Burnett, county, III. 470. 
 
 Burnett, Waldo Irving, American naturalist 
 and microscopist, III. 470. 
 
 Burnett, Sir William, his disinfecting fluid, 
 
 I. 571, 2 a; VI. 134, 2 be. His process for 
 preserving wood, XIII. 825, 1 be. 
 
 Burnettizing, process for preserving wood, 
 XIII. 825, 1 be. 
 
 Burney, Charles, English musician and histo¬ 
 rian of music, III. 471. Frances: see Ar- 
 blay, Madame d 1 . Sarah Harriet, novelist, 
 1 c. James, naval officer, ib. Charles, D. D., 
 classical scholar, 2 a. 
 
 Burning fluid,, III. 667, 2 b; X. 130, 1 b. 
 Burning Glass and Burning Mirror, III. 471. 
 Burning-in, in glass painting, VIII. 27, 1 a. 
 Burning mountain, Australia, III. 290, 2 c. 
 Burnley, town of England, III. 471. 
 
 Burnouf, Eugene [bur-noof], French oriental¬ 
 ist, III. 472. His work on the cuneiform in¬ 
 scriptions, 1 c; V. 572, 1 c. Jean Louis, 
 philologist, III. 472, 1 ab. Emile Louis, 
 scholar, 2 a. 
 
 Burns, Anthony, fugitive slave, VIII. 722, 1 b. 
 Burns, Robert, Scottish poet, III. 472. Rob¬ 
 ert, Gaelic scholar, 473, 1 c. William, colo¬ 
 nel, ib. 
 
 Burns and Scalds, III. 473. How to act in 
 case of, 474, 1 b. Treatment of, 2 a. 
 Burnside, Ambrose Everett, American sol¬ 
 dier, III. 474. See Fredericksburg, Bat¬ 
 tle of. 
 
 Burnsville, county seat, XVI. 770, 1 a. 
 
 Burow, Julie [boo'-ro], German novelist, III. 
 
 475. 
 
 Burr, Aaron, American clergyman, III. 475. 
 Aaron, third vice president of the United 
 States, 1 b. His duel with Hamilton, VIII. 
 419, 2 b. His intrigues with Blennerhassett, 
 
 II. 709, 2 ab. Guest of Gen. Jackson, IX. 
 487, 2 c; denounced by him to the govern¬ 
 ment, 488, 1 a. Prosecuted for levying war 
 against a friendly nation, V. 709, 2 a. His 
 trial for treason, III. 476, 1 c. His acquain¬ 
 tance with Bentham, II. 537, 1 b. 
 
 Burr, bridge architect, his plan for wooden 
 bridges, III. 273, 1 a. 
 
 Burr of the deer, V. 756, 2 b. 
 
 Burra-Burra copper mine, South Australia, 
 XV. 190, 1 c. 
 
 Burrampoor', town of British India, III. 476. 
 Burrampooter : see Brahmapootra. 
 
 Burrhus, Afranius, Roman commander, III. 
 
 476. 
 
BURRILL 
 
 BUTE 
 
 141 
 
 Bueeill, James, American jurist, III. 477. 
 Bubeitt, Eliliu, American scholar and reform¬ 
 er, HI. 477. 
 
 Bueeougiis, George [bur'-roze], American cler¬ 
 gyman, executed for witchcraft, III. 477. 
 Bueeougiis, Stephen, American adventurer, 
 III. 477. 
 
 Bueeougiis, William, American naval officer, 
 III. 477. 
 
 Burrun [boor-roon'j, town of India, III. 81, 2 a. 
 Burrus : see Bueehus. 
 
 Bursaries , university scholarships, VI. 407, 1 b. 
 Buesoheid [boor'-sliite], town of Prussia, III. 
 
 477. 
 
 Bueschenschaft [boor'-shen-shaft], associa¬ 
 tion of German students, III. 477. Declared 
 illegal by the Carlsbad congress, 795, 1 a. 
 Decrees rescinded by the German diet, ib. 
 Bursera'cece (botany), XII. Ill, 2 b. 
 
 Bues'lem, parish and town of England, III. 
 
 478. 
 
 Bursting ground , in aquatint engraving, VI. 
 653, 1 c. 
 
 Buet, county, III. 478. 
 
 Bueton, John Hill, Scottish author, III. 478. 
 Bueton, Richard Francis, British explorer and 
 author, III. 478. Discovery of Lake Tan¬ 
 ganyika, I. 167, 1 a. Visit to Harar, VIII. 
 451, 1 a. 
 
 Bueton, Robert, English clergyman, III. 479. 
 
 His “Anatomy of Melancholy,” 1 c. 
 Bueton, William Evans, English actor, III. 479. 
 Bueton-upon-Teent, town of England, III. 
 
 479. Abbey of Burton, 480, 1 a. 
 Bubtscheid [boort'-shite], town of Prussia, 
 
 III. 480. 
 
 Buey [ber'-e], town of England, III. 480. 
 Buey, Ange Henri Blaze de [blaz dull bii-re], 
 French author, III. 480. Marie Pauline Rose 
 Stuart, writer, 2 b. 
 
 Buey St. Edmund’s, town of England, III. 480. 
 
 Norman tower and abbey, 481, 1 b (ill.). 
 Burying alive , prevention of, III. 454, 1 c; IX. 
 31, 2 c. 
 
 Bus, Cesar de [duh biis], French priest, a foun¬ 
 der of religious orders, III. 481. 
 
 Busacchino [boo-zak-ke'-no]: see Bisacquino. 
 Busaireh [boo-si'-ra], town, supposed site of 
 Bozrali of Edom, III. 175, 2 a. 
 
 Busbe'quius, Augerius Gislenius, Flemish schol¬ 
 ar and statesman, III. 481. 
 
 Busca [boos'-ka], town of Piedmont, III. 481. 
 Busch, Johann Georg [bush], German philan¬ 
 thropist and statistician, III. 482. 
 
 BuscmxG, Anton Friedrich, German geogra¬ 
 pher, III. 482. 
 
 BuscraiANN, Johann Karl Eduard [boosh'-man], 
 German philologist, III. 482. 
 
 Buseck [boo'-zek], last prince-bishop of Bam¬ 
 berg, II. 260, 2 c. 
 
 Busembaum, Hermann [boo'-zera^bowm], Ger¬ 
 man theologian, III. 482. 
 
 Bush , Zb\, pseudonyme of David Bushnell, III. 
 484, 2 a. 
 
 Busrr, George, American theologian and author, 
 III. 482; XVI. 203, 1 b. 
 
 Bush cranberry , fruit of Guelder rose, VIII. 
 295, 2 c. 
 
 Bushel, measure, III. 482. Imperial, 483,1 a. 
 Winchester, ib. Of the state of New York, 
 1 ab. 
 
 Bush goat , I. 545, 2 a. 
 
 Bush honeysuckle , XVI. 536, 2 c. 
 
 Bushiee [boo-sheer'], seaport of Persia, III. 
 483 (ill.). 
 
 Bushman dialect , I. 171, 1 b; IX. 9, 2 ab. Its 
 sounds, III. 483, 2 c. 
 
 Bushman's clock , II. 130, 2 c. 
 
 Bushmen, tribe of S. Africa, III. 483 (ill., 484). 
 Origin of the name, 1.169,1 c. Great Bush¬ 
 man Land, III. 483, 2 c. 
 
 Bushnell, David, American inventor, III. 484* 
 Bushnell, Horace, American clergyman and 
 author, III. 484. (Died 1876.) 
 
 Bush rangers , escaped convicts in Tasmania, 
 
 XV. 579, 2 c. 
 
 Buska , snake, XI. 840, 1 a. 
 
 Bus'sey, Benjamin, merchant of Boston, III. 
 484. School of agriculture and horticulture 
 at Harvard founded by him, VIII. 499, 2 b. 
 Bussone , Francesco [boos-so'-na]: see Caema- 
 
 GNOLA. 
 
 Bussu [boos-soo'], Brazilian palm, III. 224, 1 b. 
 Bussy d’Amboise, Louis de Clermont de [bii- 
 se da ng -bwaz], French cavalier, prominent in 
 the St. Bartholomew massacre, III. 484. 
 Bustamante, Anastasio [boos-ta-man'-ta], pres¬ 
 ident of Mexico, III. 485. 
 
 Bus'taed, bird, III. 485. Great bustard, 2 a 
 (ill.). Little bustard, 2 c (ill., 486). Black¬ 
 headed and other species, 486, 1 b, tf. Aus¬ 
 tralian bustard, 2 ab (ill.). 
 
 Buta'lis cerealel'la, Angoumois grain moth, 
 
 XVI. 589, 1 c. 
 
 Butanleuvu [boo-tan-la-oo'-voo], a native name 
 of the Biobio, II. 646, 2 a. 
 
 BuTcnEE Bied, III. 486 ; ill., 487. 
 
 Bute, island of Scotland, III. 487. 
 
142 
 
 BUTE 
 
 BUTTRICK 
 
 Bute, John Stuart, third earl of, British states¬ 
 man, III. 487. John Patrick Crichton Stu¬ 
 art, third marquis of, 488, 1 b. 
 
 Butea gum [boo'-ta-a], X. 13, 1 a. 
 
 Bu'teo (ornithology), III. 506, 1 a. B. borealis, 
 1 ab. B. lineatus, 1 be. B. hyemalis, 1 c. 
 B. elegans, ib. B. Pennsylvanicus, ib. B. 
 vulgaris, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Bute'shire, county of Scotland, III. 488. 
 
 Buteux, Father Jacques [bii-tuh], French mis¬ 
 sionary, II. 95, 1 b. 
 
 Buti, Lucrezia [boo'-te], mistress of Fra Filippo 
 Lippi, X. 518, 1 ab. 
 
 Butilli - Prignano, Bartolommeo [boo-teel'-le- 
 pre-nva'-no], (Pope UrbanVI.), XYI. 221,2 c. 
 
 Butler, eight counties, III. 488. 
 
 Butler , county seats, II. 381, 1 a ; III. 488, 2 a; 
 IV. 506, 2 b. 
 
 Butler, Alban, English theologian and author, 
 III. 489. 
 
 Butler, Andrew Pickens, American senator, 
 III. 489. His report on the fugitive slave 
 law, 1 c. His last speech, indirectly leading 
 to the assault on Mr. Sumner, 2 a. 
 
 Butler, Benjamin Franklin, lawyer and poli¬ 
 tician of New York, III. 489. 
 
 Butler, Benjamin Franklin, lawyer and poli¬ 
 tician of Massachusetts, III. 489. 
 
 Butler, Charles, English historian and lawyer, 
 III. 490. 
 
 Butler, Frances Anne (Fanny Kemble), IX. 
 784, 2 b. 
 
 Butler, James, duke of Ormond: see Ormond. 
 
 Butler, James, American soldier of the revo¬ 
 lution, III. 490. 
 
 Butler, John, tory leader in the revolution, 
 III. 490. Rewarded by the British govern¬ 
 ment, 2 c. 
 
 Butler, Joseph, English theologian, III. 490. 
 
 Butler, Samuel, English satirical poet, III. 491. 
 
 Butler, Samuel, English bishop and philolo¬ 
 gist, III. 491. 
 
 Butler, Walter, Irish soldier of fortune, III. 491. 
 
 Butler, William, American soldier, III. 492. 
 
 Butler, William, American clergyman and 
 missionary, III. 492. 
 
 Butler, William Allen, American lawyer and 
 poet, III. 492. 
 
 Butler, William Orlando, American soldier 
 and politician, III. 492. 
 
 Butorides vires'cens [bu-tor'-e-deez], (ornithol¬ 
 ogy), II. 670, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Butt, Isaac, Irish lawyer, politician, and author, 
 III. 492. 
 
 Buttarga, roe of mullet, VII. 229, 1 a. See 
 Botargo (Index). 
 
 Butte [bute], county, III. 493. 
 
 Butte Mortemart [but mort-mar], in the Bois 
 de Boulogne, III. 154, 1 b. 
 
 Butter, III. 493. Making of, 2 ab; I. 317, 
 
 1 b. Butter factories, III. 494, 1 a. Grain 
 in butter, 1 c. Clouting, 2 c. Ure’s direc¬ 
 tions for curing butter, 495, 1 a. Oldest 
 mention of it, 1 ab. Production of in the 
 United States, 2 a. 
 
 Butter, vegetable , XII. 739, 1 a. 
 
 Butter birds , II. 767, 1 be. 
 
 Buttercup , plant, XIV. 202, 2 be. 
 
 “ Butter and eggs” daffodil, XII. 145, 2 ab. 
 
 Butterfield, William, English architect, III. 
 495. 
 
 Butter fish, II. 710, 2 b. 
 
 Butterfly, III. 495. General description, 1 c. 
 Metamorphoses, 496, 2 a. Papilio asterias, 
 497, 2 a (ill.). Parnassius Apollo, 498, 1 a 
 (ill.). Peacock butterfly, 499, 1 a (ilk). An- 
 tiopa butterfly, 1 c (ill.). Semicolon butter¬ 
 fly, 2 b. Coppers, 500, 1 c. Skippers, ib. 
 (ill.).—Strength of the butterfly’s wings, 
 IX. 313, 1 c. White butterfly (turnip or pot¬ 
 herb fly), XVI. 76, 1 c (ill.). The butterfly 
 as an emblem, III. 501, 1 a. See Psyche, 
 beginning and end of the article. 
 
 Butterfly fish, II. 710, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Butterfly weed, XI. 546, 1 c. 
 
 Buttermilk channel, New York bay, III. 317, 2 b. 
 
 Butternut, tree, III. 501 (ill.). 
 
 Butters, in chemistry, III. 501. 
 
 Butter Tree, III. 501. Indian butter tree, 
 
 2 c; African, 502, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Butterweed, VII. 266, 1 ab. 
 
 Butterwort, plant, XIII. 530, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Buttes [but], village of Switzerland, III. 502. 
 
 Buttisholz [boot'-is-holts], village of Switzer¬ 
 land, III. 502. 
 
 Buttmann, Philipp Karl [boot'-man], German 
 philologist, III. 502. 
 
 Button, III. 502. Gilt buttons, 2 b; covered, 
 503, 1 a; self-fastening, 2 b; of vegetable 
 ivory, 2 c. 
 
 Button, Sir Thomas, English navigator, III. 503. 
 
 Buttonball, tree, XIII. 572, 1 ab. Button- 
 balls, 2 a. 
 
 Buttonwood : see Plane Tree, XIII. 572,1 a, be. 
 
 Buttress, in Gothic architecture, I. 663, 2 c. 
 Flying buttress, ib., and 664, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Buttrick, Major John, revolutionary soldier, 
 V. 206, 2 c, 207, 1 a (Concord). 
 
BUTTS 
 
 BZCYIUS 
 
 143 
 
 Butts, county, III. 504. 
 
 Butuntum , ancient town: see Bitonto. 
 
 Buturlin, Dmitri Petrovitch [boo-toor-lin'], 
 Russian military writer, III. 504. 
 
 Buty'eio Acid, III. 504. Production of from 
 milk, X. 88, la. Use of for adulterations, 
 VI. 734, 1 a. 
 
 Butzow [but'-so], town of Germany, III. 504. 
 
 Buxiiowden, Friedrich. Wilhelm, count von 
 [boox'-ho-den], Russian general, III. 504. 
 
 Buxton, town of England, III. 504. Buxton 
 diamonds, 2 c. 
 
 Buxton, Jedidiah, English calculator, III. 504. 
 
 Buxton, Sir Thomas Fowell, British legislator 
 and philanthropist, III. 505. Charles, wri¬ 
 ter, 2 a. 
 
 Buxtoef, Johann [boox'-torf], German Hebra¬ 
 ist, III. 505. Johann, Hebraist, 2 b. 
 
 Buxus (botany), III. 169, 2 ab. B. sempervi- 
 rens, 2 c. B. Balearica, 170, 1 b. 
 
 Buyer's option , in stock dealings, XV. 388,1 c. 
 
 Buys-Ballot [boice-bal'-lot], inventor of the 
 aeroklinoscope, I. 143, 1 c. His meteorolo¬ 
 gical investigations and services, II. 329, 
 1 b; IX. 82, 1 b; XV. 405, 2 c. 
 
 Buyukdereh [boo-yook-da-ra/], village of Euro¬ 
 pean Turkey, III. 505 (ill.). 
 
 Buzzard, bird, III. 506. European, 2 b (ill.). 
 Black hawk, 507, 1 a (ill., 506). 
 
 Buzzard’s Bay, Massachusetts, III. 507. 
 
 ByMoemens [Dutch, bl'-bloo-mens], class of 
 tulips, XYI. 26, 2 a. 
 
 Byles, Mather, American clergyman and wit, 
 III. 507. 
 
 Bylot ~bay : see Baffin Bay. 
 
 Byng, John, English admiral, III. 507. 
 
 Bynkersiioek, Cornells van [bine'-kers-hook], 
 Dutch jurist, III. 507. 
 
 Byrd, William, American lawyer, III. 507. 
 
 Byrd , William , English composer: see Birde. 
 
 Byrgius, Justus [beer'-ghe-oos], Swiss inven¬ 
 tor, III. 507. 
 
 Byrom, John, English poet, III. 508. 
 
 Byron , Augusta (Mrs. Leigh), half sister of the 
 poet, III. 508, 1 b; 510, 1 b. 
 
 Byron y Catharine Gordon , mother of the poet, 
 III. 508, 1 b; 509, 1 c. 
 
 Byron, George Gordon, lord, English poet, 
 III. 508. Marriage, 510, 1 a. Separation 
 from his wife, and the alleged ground, 1 b. 
 Popular indignation against him, 1 c; aban¬ 
 dons his country, 2 a. Relations with the 
 countess Guiccioli, 2 c. Joins the insurgent 
 Greeks, 511, 2 b. His death, 4 c. His body 
 refused interment in Westminster abbey, il>. 
 Characterization, 512, 1 b.—Anne Isabella 
 Milbanke, his wife, 509, 2 c; 512, 1 c. Ada 
 Augusta, his daughter, 2 a. 
 
 Byron, Henry James, English playwright, III. 
 
 512. 
 
 Byron, John, English admiral, III. 512. 
 
 Byron , John (“mad Jack Byron”), father of 
 the poet, III. 508, 1 b. 
 
 Byron , William , lord, great-uncle of the poet, 
 III. 508, 1 c, 2 c. 
 
 Byron's bay, "V III. 729, 2 be. 
 
 Byssa , citadel of Carthage, IY. 39, 1 be. 
 Byssus, filaments of mollusks, III. 513 ; XI. 
 721, 2 c. Byssus of the ancients, fine flax 
 or cotton, III. 513, 1 b; YI. 529, 1 be; X. 
 504, 2 a. 
 
 Bystrom, Johan Nils [be'-strom], Swedish 
 sculptor, III. 513. 
 
 Bytown: see Ottawa, city of Canada. 
 Byzace'na , ancient political division of Africa, 
 XYI. 31, 1 c. 
 
 Byz' antine antiquities in Norway , XII. 498, 
 2 ab. 
 
 Byzantine architecture , I. 661, 1 b, 2 a; mo¬ 
 saics, XI. 857, 1 c; style of painting, XII. 
 796, 1 c. 
 
 Byzantine Empire, III. 513. Its extent, 2 a. 
 History, 2 b, ff. Image controversy and 
 iconoclasm, 515, 1 b, c, 2 b. The Latin em¬ 
 pire established by the crusaders, 517, 1 a ; 
 overthrown, 2 a. Conquests of the Turks, 
 2 b; Constantinople taken by them, 518,1 c. 
 Administrative government, 2 a. 
 
 Byzantine Historians, III. 518. 
 
 Byzantine text of the New Testamen £, II. 611, 
 2 b. 
 
 Byzantium [be-zan'-she-um], ancient city, III. 
 519. 
 
 Bzo'vius, Abraham, Polish scholar, III. 520. 
 
144 
 
 0 
 
 CACCABIS 
 
 c 
 
 0, a letter, III. 520. Derivation, 1 ab. Its 
 office in the early Latin, 1 b. Pronunciation 
 and phonetic changes, 1 be. As a numeral 
 and an abbreviation, 2 be. On French coins, 
 2 c. In music, ib. 
 
 Caaba : see Mecca, XI. 314, 2 c. 
 
 Cab , of a locomotive, XV. 338, 2 ab. 
 
 Cabal', III. 520. The cabal ministry, 521,1 a; 
 
 II. 529, 2 c; VI. 626, 1 be; XIV. 808, 2 b. 
 Cab'ala, III. 521. Fundamental ideas of the 
 
 theosophic cabalism, 1 c. Cabalistic inter¬ 
 pretation of the Hebrew Scriptures, 2 be. 
 See XIII. 440, 1 a. 
 
 Cabalists: see Cabala. Bible of the cabalists, 
 
 III. 521, 1 be. Their doctrine of metem¬ 
 psychosis, XI. 429, 1 c. 
 
 Caballero , Fernan [ka-ba-lya'-ro]: see Bohl 
 Faber. 
 
 CabaVlica Provin'cia , ancient district: see 
 Chablais. 
 
 Caballicus Ager , ancient district: see Ciia- 
 
 BLAIS. 
 
 Caballi'num , ancient town: see CninoN-suR- 
 Sa6ne. 
 
 Cabanel, Alexandre [ka-ba-nel], French paint¬ 
 er, III. 522. 
 
 Cabanis, Pierre Jean George [ka-ba-neece], 
 French physician and philosopher, III. 522. 
 Cabanis {Jean Louis), German naturalist, his 
 classification of birds, XII. 708, 1 b. 
 Cabar'rus, county, III. 522. 
 
 Cabarrus, Francisco de, count [ka-bS-riis], 
 Spanish financier, III. 523. 
 
 Cabat, Nicolas Louis [ka-ba], French land¬ 
 scape painter, III. 523. 
 
 Cabbage, III. 523. Leaf and flowers (ill.), 
 2 b. Cultivation, 2 c. 
 
 Cabbage Palm, III. 524 (ill.). 
 
 CABEgA de Vaca [ka-ba'-sa da va'-ka]: see 
 NbNez, Alvar. 
 
 Cabel, Marie Jos5phe [kii-bel], Belgian singer, 
 III. 524. 
 
 Cab'ell, county, III. 524. 
 
 Cabellio , ancient town: see Cavaillon. 
 
 Cabes, Gulf of [ka'-bess], III. 524. See Syrtis 
 Major. 
 
 Cabet, Dtienne [ka-ba], French communist, 
 III. 524; XII. 178, 1 a. 
 
 Cabillo'num , ancient town: see Chalon-sbr- 
 Sa6ne. 
 
 Cabin'da, seaport of Lower Guinea, III. 525. 
 Cabinet, executive council, III. 525. In Great 
 Britain, 1 b. In the United States, 2 c. 
 Origin of this meaning of the word, VI. 
 626, 1 b. 
 
 Cabi'ri, heathen divinities, III. 526. 
 
 Cable, III. 526. Cable’s length, 2 c. Hemp¬ 
 en cables, ib. Chain cables, 527, 1 ab. 
 Forms of links, 1 b (ill.). Bolt and shackle, 
 2 c (ill.). Manufacture, 528, 1 a. 
 
 Caboceers , African chiefs, VII. 82, 1 a. 
 Cabociie, Simonet [ka-bush], leader of a French 
 faction, III. 528. 
 
 Cabochians [ka-bo-she-ans]: see Cabociie. 
 Cabomba Caroliniana (botany), XVI. 508, 1 c. 
 Cabool', division of Afghanistan, III. 528. 
 Capital, 2 b (ill.). Proceedings of the Eng¬ 
 lish at, I. 161, 1 c; their expulsion, 2 b; 
 their retaliation, 162, 1 a. 
 
 Cab'ot, George, American senator, III. 529. 
 Cabot, John, discoverer of the continent of 
 North America, III. 529; XVI. 149, 2 c. 
 Sebastian, cosmographer and discoverer, III. 
 530,1 c ; XVI. 149, 2 c. Discoveries of the 
 Cabots, I. 392, 2 b; 668, 1 c; X. 73, 2 b. 
 Cabot , J. Eliot , assistant of Agassiz, I. 176, 
 2 be. 
 
 Caboto,Giovanni: see Cabot, John. 
 
 Cabo Tormentoso , cape, VII. 604, 2 a. 
 Cabotville : see Chicopee. 
 
 Cabra [ka'-bra], town of Spain, III. 531. 
 Cabral, Francisco [ka-braT], Portuguese mis¬ 
 sionary, III. 531. 
 
 Cabral, Pedro Alvarez de, Portuguese navi¬ 
 gator, III. 531; 231, 1 a. 
 
 Cabrera, Ramon [ka-bra'-ra], count of Morelia, 
 Spanish general, III. 531. (Died 1876.) 
 Cabul [ka-bool'j: see Cabool. 
 
 Caca'o [Sp. ka-kow'], tree, III. 531; ill., 532. 
 Cacahuamilpa [ka-ka-wa-meel'-pa], cave of, in 
 Mexico, XI. 825, 2 a. 
 
 Cacajao [Port, ka-ka-zhow'], monkey, XI. 751, 
 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Cacasu [ka-ka-soo'], fish, IV. 754, 2 b. 
 
 Cacatu'a (ornithology), IV. 784, 1 b. C. 
 Leadbeateri, 1 c (ill.). C. sulphurea, ib. 
 C. Philippinarum, 2 b. 
 
 Cacatui'nce (ornithology), IV. 784, 1 a. 
 Cac'cdbis (ornithology), XIII. 142, 2 b. C. rufa 
 ib. (ill.). C. Grseca, 143, 1 a. 
 
CACERES 
 
 CiESAR 
 
 145 
 
 Caceres [ka'-tha-race], province of Spain, III. 
 
 532. Capital city, 2 b. 
 
 Cachalot [kash'-a-lot], XVI. 581,1 b (Whale) ; 
 III. 767, 2 be. 
 
 Cache [kash], county, III. 532. 
 
 Cachemires-Temaux [kash-meer-tair-no], imi¬ 
 tation of Indian shawls, XV. 660, 1 ab. 
 Cachet, Lettres de [letr’ du.h ka-sha], French 
 royal warrants, III. 532. 
 
 Cachexia [ka-kex'-e-a], in medicine, III. 533. 
 Exophthalmic cachexia (heart disease), VIII. 
 566, 2 b. 
 
 Cacholong [kak'-o-long], variety of opal, XII. 
 642, 1 b. 
 
 Cacodyle : see Kakodyle. 
 
 Cactus, genus of plants, III. 533. C. melo- 
 cactus, 2 be (ill.). C. flagelliformis, 534, 
 
 1 be (ill., 533). C. grandiflorus, 534, 1 a. 
 C. Opuntia, 2 a (ill.). C. tuna, 2 b (ill.). 
 C. cochinillifer, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Cacumazin: see Caminatzin. 
 
 Ca'cus, legendary giant, III. 534. 
 
 Cadahalso, Josd de [ka-da-al'-so], Spanish 
 author, III. 534. 
 
 Cadalao , Pietro [ka-da-low'], antipope as Ho- 
 norius II., VIII. 800, 2 a. 
 
 Cadalo'iis : see Cadalao (Index). 
 
 Cadalso : see Cadahalso. 
 
 Cad'alus : see Cadalao (Index). 
 
 Cadamos'to, or Ca da Mosto, Luigi, Italian 
 navigator, III. 535. 
 
 Cadaveric rigidity , I. 519, 2 b. 
 
 Caddis Fly, neuropterous insect, III. 535. 
 Caddis worm , XT. 302, 1 a (Mayfly). 
 
 Caddo, parish of Louisiana, III. 535. 
 
 Caddoes, Indian tribe, III. 535. 
 
 Cade, John, English insurgent, III. 535. 
 Ca'dell, Robert, Scottish bookseller, III. 535. 
 Cadency, marks of, \ in heraldry, VIII. 673, 
 
 2 be, c. 
 
 Cade'nus , apseudonyme of Swift, XV. 522,1 c. 
 Cad’er Id'ris, mountain of Wales, XI. 408, 2 c ; 
 XVI. 425, 2 c. 
 
 Cades, Giuseppe [ka'-dess], Italian painter, 
 III. 535. 
 
 Cadesia, battle of between Persians and Arabs, 
 XVI. 785, 2 a. 
 
 Cadet de Vaux, Antoine Alexis Francois [ka- 
 da dhh vo], French chemist, III. 536. 
 
 Cadet's fuming liquor, IX. 733, 2 b. 
 
 Cadi [ka/-de or ka'-de], Moslem magistrate, 
 III. 536. 
 
 Cadillac, Antoine de la Mothe [la mote ka-de- 
 lyak], French explorer, III. 536 ; II. 629, 2 b. 
 10 
 
 Ca'diz [Sp. ka'-^Aeeth], province of Spain, III. 
 536. Capital city, 2 a. Alameda of Cadiz 
 (ill.), 2 c. 
 
 Cadiz , county seats, VIII. 481, 2 be; XV. 865, 
 1 a. * 
 
 Cadme'a , ancient city, and the citadel of Thebes, 
 XV. 689, 1 c. 
 
 Cadme'ans, primitive inhabitants of Thebes, 
 II. 774, 2 c. 
 
 Cad'mia, mineral, III. 537. See Zinc, XVI. 
 817, 2 c ; 818, 2 c. 
 
 Cadmium, metal, III. 537. Salts of, 538, 1 c. 
 
 Cadmus, mythical king of Thebes, III. 538. 
 
 Cadodaquios : see Caddoes. 
 
 Cadoudal, Georges [ka-doo-d&l], leader of 
 Breton insurgents, III. 538; IV. 521, 1 a, 
 and be. 
 
 Caducibran'chiate amphibia , I. 437, 1 b. 
 
 Cadu'ga: see Coorg. 
 
 Cadwalader, John, American soldier, III. 539. 
 
 Cadzow castle and forest , Scotland, VIII. 415, 
 1 c. 
 
 Ccecilia Castra , ancient city, III. 532, 2 b. 
 
 Ccecilian , bishop : see Donatists, VI. 207, 2 b. 
 
 Cascilians, order of batrachians, III. 539. 
 
 C^ecilius Statius, Roman comic poet, III. 539. 
 
 C^e'cum, in anatomy, III. 539. 
 
 Caedmon [ked'-mon], Anglo-Saxon poet, III, 
 539 ; I. 504, 2 c. 
 
 Ccdian hill , in Rome, XIV. 409,1 ab. 
 
 C.ELius Aurelianus, physician, III. 539. 
 
 C^elius Mons : see Rome, XIV. 409, 1 ab. 
 
 Caen [ka ng ], town of France, III. 539. Church 
 of St. Pierre, 2 c; apsis of (ill.), 540, 1 b. 
 
 Caen stone , XIV. 600, 2 b. 
 
 Ccerebi’nce (ornithology), XV. 476, 2 c; 477,1 b. 
 
 Caer-Isc [ker-isk'J : see Exeter, VIL 28, 2 a. 
 
 Caerleon [ker-le'-on], town of England, III. 
 540. Arthur’s Round Table, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Caermarthen : see Carmarthen. 
 
 Caernarvon : see Carnarvon. 
 
 Ccesalpinia: see Brazil Wood. 
 
 C^esalpi'nus, Andreas, Italian physician and 
 naturalist, III. 540; 132, 1 be (Botany). 
 
 Caesar, title, VI. 585, 2 c. 
 
 C^e'sar, Cains Julius, Roman general and 
 statesman, III. 541. Suspected of complicity 
 in Catiline’s conspiracy, 2 a. First triumvi¬ 
 rate, 2 c. Wars in Gaul, 542, 1 a. Inva¬ 
 sion of Britain, ib. Passage of the Rubicon, 
 1 c. Civil war, ib. Decision in favor of 
 Cleopatra against Ptolemy, ib. ; his son by 
 her, 543, 1 ab (see Ccesarion , Index). Pro¬ 
 claimed dictator, 542, 2 a; imperator, ib. 
 
146 
 
 (LESAR 
 
 CAISSON 
 
 Conspiracy against him, 2 be. Assassinated, 
 543, 1 a. His character, 1 ab. His works, 
 1 b.—Theories of his landing in Britain, I. 
 223, 1 a. His military system, I. 743, 1 c, 
 ff. Decree respecting physicians, XI. 347, 
 1 b. His treatment of Yarro, XVI. 269, 2 c. 
 C.esar, Sir Julius, English jurist, III. 543. 
 
 I His friendship for Lord Bacon, 2 c. 
 
 Caesarea [ses-a-re'-a], ancient city of Judea, 
 III. 544; ruins of (ill.), ib. ; ancient harbor 
 of, XIII. 5, 1 c. Ancient city of Cilicia, 
 III. 544, 1 b. 
 
 CcBsarea Augusta , ancient city: see Sara¬ 
 gossa, XIV. 627, 2 c, 628, 1 a. 
 
 Cjssa'rean Section, iu obstetrics, III. 544; 
 XII. 570, 2 be. 
 
 Cmare'um , a church in Alexandria, scene of 
 Hypatia’s murder, IX. 134, 2 c. 
 
 Ccesa'rians , or Cces'arines, seceding Franciscans, 
 VII. 425, 2 c. 
 
 Ccesarion , son of Julius Cassar by Cleopatra, 
 III. 543, 1 ab; IV. 668, 1 ab, 669, 1 b. 
 Ccesarodu'num , ancient city: see Tours. 
 
 C'cesarom'agus, ancient city : see Beauvais. 
 Caesium, metal, III. 545. Discovery of, X. 
 15, 2 be. 
 
 Cjesius, Bassus, Roman poet, III. 545. 
 
 Caeta [ka-e'-ta], ancient city: see Gaeta. 
 
 Caf [kaf], legendary mountain range encir¬ 
 cling the earth, III. 545. 
 
 Caff a: see Kaffa. 
 
 Caffarel'li, Italian vocalist, III. 545. 
 Caffarelli, Francois Marie Auguste, French 
 soldier, III. 545. 
 
 Caffarelli du Falga, Louis Marie Joseph 
 Maximilien, French soldier and writer, III. 
 
 545. 
 
 Caffeic acid , V. 15, 2 c. 
 
 Caffeine [kaf'-fe-in], active principle in coffee, 
 III. 546. 
 
 Caffeone , volatile oil of coffee, V. 15, 2 c. 
 Caffi, Ippolito [kaf'-fe], Italian painter, III. 
 
 546. 
 
 Caffra'ria, country of Africa, III. 546. Zoo- 
 loo youths (ill.), ib. British Caffraria, 547, 2 a. 
 Caffres , III. 547, 1 a; 743, 1 a; VI. 757,1 be. 
 
 Caff re dialect, I. 171, 1 be. 
 
 Caffristan : see Kafiristan. 
 
 Cagayan [ka-ga-yan']: see Luzon. 
 
 Cagayan Sooloo, island of the Malay archi¬ 
 pelago, III. 547. 
 
 Cagli [ka'-lye], town of Italy, III. 547. 
 Cagliari [ka'-lya-re], province of Sardinia, 
 III. 547. Capital city, 548, 1 a. 
 
 Cagliari, Paolo (Paul Veronese), Italian paint¬ 
 er, III. 548. 
 
 Cagliari , steamer, seizure and confiscation of, 
 VII. 135, 1 ab. 
 
 Cagliostro, Alessandro di, count [ka-lyoce'- 
 tro], Italian charlatan, III. 548. 
 
 Cagnola, Luigi, marquis [ka-nyo'-la], Italian 
 architect, III. 549. 
 
 Cagnoli, Antonio, Italian mathematician, III. 
 
 549. 
 
 Cagots [ka-go], outcast race of France and 
 Spain, III. 549; IV. 116, 1 b. 
 
 Cahagnet, Louis Alphonse [ka-a-nya], French 
 spiritualist, III. 550. 
 
 Caiiaw'ba, river of Alabama, III. 550. 
 Cahawba , county seat, V. 643, 2 c. 
 
 Cahen, Samuel [ka-a 116 ], French Hebraist, III. 
 
 550. 
 
 Caiiin'ca, drug. III. 550. 
 
 Caiiors [ka-or], town of France, III, 550. 
 
 Roman amphitheatre, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Cahorsins , class of pawnbrokers, XIII. 197,1 b. 
 Cahrocs , California Indians, X. 22, 1 b. 
 CaJiuchu [ka-oo'-choo], Indian name of caout¬ 
 chouc, III. 734, 1 c. 
 
 CaiaJc, boat of the Esquimaux, VI. 730, 1 c. 
 Cai'apiias, Jewish high priest, III. 551. 
 Caiazzo [ka-yat'-so]: see Cajazzo. 
 
 Caicos [ki'-koce], four of the Bahama islands, 
 III. 551. 
 
 Caille, Nicolas Louis de la: see La Caille. 
 Caillet, Guillaume [ka-ya], French insurgent: 
 see Jacquerie. 
 
 Cailliaud, Frederic [ka-yo], French traveller 
 and explorer, III. 551., 
 
 Caillie, Rend [ka-ya], French traveller, III. 551. 
 Cain, eldest son of Adam, III. 551. 
 
 Cainca [ka-een'-ka], plant: see Caiiinca. 
 Cain'ites, sect, III. 551 ; VIII. 54, 2 b. 
 
 Qa Ira [sa e-ra], French revolutionary song, 
 III. 551. 
 
 Caird, James, Scottish agriculturist, III. 552. 
 Caird, John, Scottish clergyman, III. 552. 
 Cairngorm ', mountain, I. 22, 2 c; pebbles, ib. 
 Cairnes , J. F., XIII. 674,1 a (Political Econ¬ 
 omy). 
 
 Cairns , mounds in Ireland, IX. 355, 1 a. 
 
 Cairo [kl'-ro], city, capital of Egypt, III. 552. 
 Modern street in (ill.), ib. Mosque of Tulun, 
 553, 1 b (ill.); of Mehemet Ali, 2 a (ill.). 
 Cairo [ka'-ro], city of Illinois, III. 554. 
 
 Caisse Lafarge [kase la-farzh], a French tontine, 
 XV. 797, 1 a. 
 
 Cais'son [Fr. ka-so ng ], in architecture and engi* 
 
CAISSONS 
 
 CALATRAVA 
 
 147 
 
 neering, III. 554. The ordinary caisson, 2 c. 
 Open or bottomless caissons, 555, 1 c. In¬ 
 verted caissons, 2 b. Bush’s caisson, 550, 
 1 a (ill.). Caisson of East river bridge, 557, 
 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Caissons , ammunition wagons, I. 429, 2 a. 
 Caitii'ness, county of Scotland, III. 558. 
 
 Caius [ka'-yus], Roman general, III. 558. 
 Theologian and bishop, 1 c. Saint and 
 bishop of Rome, ib. 
 
 Caius, jurist: see Gaius. 
 
 Caius, John, English physician, III. 558. 
 Cajamaeca [ka- k ha-mar'-ka], department of 
 Peru, III. 558. Capital city, 2 c. Antiqui¬ 
 ties of, 559, 1 b. 
 
 Cajatambo [ka- k ha-tam'-bo], town of Peru, 
 III. 559. Province, 1 c. 
 
 Cajazzo [ka-yat'-so], town of Italy, III. 559. 
 Caj'eput Oil, III. 559. Cajeput tree, ib. (ill.). 
 Cajetan, Benedetto : see Boniface VIII. 
 Tommaso de Vio, cardinal, III. 560, 1 a. 
 Enrico (Sermaneto), cardinal, 1 b. 
 
 Cajetans: see Tiieatines, XY. 685, 1 a. 
 Cajetanus: see Cajetan. 
 
 Cake lake , coloring matter, X. 76, 1 be. 
 
 Qdkta denomination [sak'-ta], in Brahmanism, 
 IX. 229, 1 be. 
 
 Calabar', part of the Guinea coast, III. 560. 
 Calabar Bean, III. 560 (ill.). As an anti- 
 spasmodic, I. 572, 1 c. 
 
 Cal'abash, sweet , VIII. 149, 1 be (Geanadilla). 
 Calabash Tree, III. 560 (ill., 561). 
 
 Calabozo [ka-la-bo'-so], town of Venezuela, 
 
 III. 561. 
 
 Calabrese, II [ka-la-bra'-za]: see Preti, Mat- 
 tia. 
 
 Cala'bria [Ital. ka-la'-bre-a], southern part of 
 Italy, III. 561. 
 
 Calabria , ancient: see Apulia, I. 608, 1 b, 
 and Messapia. 
 
 Calabria Citeriore [che-ta-re-o'-ra]: see Co- 
 
 SENZA. 
 
 Calabria Ulteriore I. and II. [ool-ta-re-o'-ra]: 
 
 see Reggio di Calabria, and Catanzaro. 
 Calabrians (Calabri ), an Italic race, IX. 439, 
 1 c; XI. 416, 1 b. 
 
 Caladium (botany), III. 562. C. esculentum, 
 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Calce'nas (ornithology), XIII. 506, 1 c. C. Ni- 
 cobarica, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Calagur'ris , ancient town: see Calahorra. 
 CALAnoRRA [ka-la-oar'-ra], town of Spain, III. 
 562. 
 
 Calais [kal'-is], city of Maine, III. 562. 
 
 Calais [ka-la], town of France, III. 563. 
 
 Place d’Armes, &c. (ill.), 2 a. 
 
 Calamagros'tis arena'ria (botany), XIV. 241, 
 
 1 be. 
 
 Calaman'der Wood, III. 563. 
 
 Cal'amary , a name of the squid, XV. 294, 2 a. 
 Calamat'ta, Luigi, Italian engraver, III. 563. 
 
 Josephine, painter, 564, 1 a. 
 
 Calambu'co, timber tree, III. 564. 
 
 Calame, Alexandre [ka-lam], Swiss painter, 
 III. 564. 
 
 Cala'mece (botany), XIII. 18, 2 a. 
 
 Calamianes [ka-la-me-a'-nace], group of the 
 Philippine islands, III. 564. 
 
 Calamine [kal'-a-min or -mine], ore of zinc, 
 III. 564. Electric calamine, 2 b; in phar¬ 
 macy, ib. See Zinc, XVI. 817, 2 c; 818, 
 
 2 c; 820, 1 b. 
 
 Calamis, Greek statuary, III. 565. 
 
 Calami'ta Carolinen'sis (zoology), XV. 854, 2 c. 
 Cal'amites [generic, sing, and pi., kal-a-mi'- 
 teez], fossil plants, III. 565 (ill.). 
 
 Calamus, III. 565. A reed used for writing, 
 
 1 c. Musical instrument, 2 b.—Genus of 
 palms: see Palm, XIII. 18, 2 b. C. rotang, 
 
 2 c (ill.). C. Scipionum, 19, 1 ab. C. draco, 
 lb; II. 249, 2 a.—The sweet flag, III. 565, 
 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Calamy, Edmund, English clergyman, III. 565. 
 
 Edmund, D. D., 566, 1 a. 
 
 Calan'cha, Frey Antonio de la, Peruvian wri¬ 
 ter, III. 566. 
 
 Caland, Roman Catholic brotherhood, III. 566. 
 Calandra (entomology), II. 477, 2 b. C. grana- 
 ria, XVI. 535, 2 c. C. palmarum, 536, 1 be. 
 C. sacchari, 1 c. 
 
 Calandrin'ia (botany), XIV. 96, 1 ab. 
 
 Calas, Jean [ka-las], French Protestant mar¬ 
 tyr, III. 566. 
 
 Calasanctius , St. Joseph: see Casalanza (In¬ 
 dex). 
 
 Calascibetta [ka-la-she-bet'-ta], town of Sici¬ 
 ly, III. 566. 
 
 Calasio, Mario de [ka-la'-ze-o], Italian Hebra¬ 
 ist, III. 566. His Hebrew concordance, 2 be. 
 Calasirii , Egyptian warrior caste, I. 737, 1 a. 
 Calatafimi [ka-la-ta-fe'-me], town of Sicily, 
 III. 566. Battle of, 2 c. 
 
 Calatagirone : see Caltagieone. 
 
 Calatayud [ka-la-ta-yoo£V], town of Spain, 
 III. 567. 
 
 Calatrava la Vieja [ka-la-tra'-va la ve-a'- 
 k ha], city of Spain, III. 567. Order of Cala¬ 
 trava, 1 b. 
 
148 
 
 CALAYANCES 
 
 CALENDAR 
 
 Calavances , species of pea, IX. 512, 1 b. 
 Calaveeas [kal-a-va'-ras], county, III. 567. 
 Calaveeas, river of California, III. 567. 
 Cal'cak, Jan Stephan van, Flemish painter, 
 III. 567. 
 
 Calcareous alabaster , I. 234, 2 c. 
 
 Calcareous complaints, German wines a pre¬ 
 ventive of, VII. 773, 1 ab. 
 
 Calcareous earths , their causticity discovered, 
 
 II. 674, 2 be. 
 
 Caloaeeotjs Spae, mineral, III. 567. 
 Caloaeeous Speings, III. 567. Calcareous 
 tufa, 568, 1 b. 
 
 Calcasieu [kal'-ka-shu], river of Louisiana, 
 
 III. 568. 
 
 Calcasieu, parish of Louisiana, III. 568. 
 Calceamenta , ancient shoes, XIY. 873, 2 a. 
 Calcei lunati , ancient shoes, XIY. 873, 2 a. 
 Calceus , ancient shoe, XIY. 873, 1 c. 
 
 Calchas [kal'-kas], legendary soothsayer, III. 
 568. 
 
 Calcification , in heart disease, YIII. 562, 2 b. 
 Calcite , crystal, Y. 538, 2 c; 540, 2 a; 541,1 b; 
 XIY. 370, 1 be. 
 
 Calcium, metallic base of lime, III. 568. Ox¬ 
 ide of, X. 477, 2 ab; chloride of, 478, 1 b, 
 480, 1 ab; sulphide of, 1 c, XY. 150, 2 ab; 
 bisulphide of, X. 478, 2 a; pentasulphide of, 
 ih. ; phosphuret of, 2 b; hypophosphite of, 
 2 c; nitrate of, 479, 1 be. 
 
 Calcium light , III. 568, 2 c. 
 
 Calcopyrite , copper pyrites, XIY. 109, 1 c. 
 
 Calc spar , X. 481, 2 a. See Caloaeeous Spae. 
 Calc tujf, deposit of calcareous springs, III. 
 
 568, 1 b. 
 
 Calculating Machines, III. 568. Pascal’s, 
 
 569, 1 b. Leibnitz’s, 1 be. Babbage’s, 1 c. 
 Scheutz’s, 2 b. 
 
 Calculi, stone-like concretions in the body, III. 
 569. Urinary calculi, 570, 1 a. Gall stones, 
 
 1 c. 
 
 Calculus, in mathematics, III. 570. Imaginary, 
 
 2 b. Residual, ib. Differential, 2 c. Inte¬ 
 gral, 571, 1 b. Calculus of variations, 1 be. 
 Calculus of quaternions, 1 c; YIII. 424, 2 b. 
 Treatises on calculus, III. 571, 2 b. See 
 Mathematics, XI. 275, 1 a, 2 a; 276, 2 b. 
 Discovery of the differential calculus, III. 
 571, 1 a; controversy concerning it, X. 324, 
 1 b, and XII. 349, 1 b (infinitesimal analy¬ 
 sis). Germ of, YII. 701, 1 c. 
 
 Calcutta, city of Hindostan, III. 57L Gov¬ 
 ernment buildings and/ Ochterlony monu¬ 
 ment (ill.), 573. 
 
 Caldani, Leopoldo Marco Antonio [kal-da'-nej, 
 Italian anatomist, III. 574. 
 
 Caldaba, Antonio, Italian composer, III. 574. 
 Caldaea, Polidoro: see Caeavaggio. 
 Calda'rium , in ancient baths, II. 383, 1 b, 2 a. 
 Caldas, Francisco Jos6 de, naturalist of New 
 Granada, III. 574. Scientific journal pub¬ 
 lished by, 1 c; republished, ib ., and I. 69,1 c. 
 Caldas Peeeiea de Souza, Antonio [kal'-das 
 pa-ra'-e-ra da so'-za], Brazilian poet, III. 574. 
 Caldee [kawl'-der], river of England, III. 574. 
 Colder : see Cawdoe. 
 
 Caldeea [kal-da^-ra], seaport of Chili, III. 574. 
 Caldeeon de la Baeca, Frances Inglis, ma- 
 dame [kal-da-rone' da la bar'-ka], Anglo- 
 Spanish authoress, III. 574. 
 
 Caldeeon de la Baeca, Pedro, Spanish dram¬ 
 atist, III. 574; XY. 222, 1 ab. 
 
 Caldeewood, David [kawl'-der-wood], Scottish 
 clergyman, III. 576. 
 
 Calderwood, Henry, XIII. 445, 2 c (Philosophy). 
 Caldieeo [kal-de-a'-ro], village of Italy, III. 
 
 576. Military actions at, 2 c. Springs of, ib. 
 Caldwell [kawld'-wel], five counties, III. 577. 
 Caldwell, village of New York, III. 577. 
 Caldwell, Charles, American physician, III. 
 
 577. 
 
 Caldwell, James, American clergyman and rev¬ 
 olutionary patriot, the “soldier parson,” III. 
 577. His exhortation, “Put Watts into them, 
 boys,” 578, 1 a. 
 
 Caldwell, Joseph, D. D., American scholar, 
 III. 578. 
 
 Ca'le, or Portus Cale, site of Oporto, XII. 651, 
 1 be. 
 
 Caleb, Abyssinian king, I. 45, 2 c. 
 
 Caledo'nia (Scotland), III. 578. Derivation 
 of the name, YII. 552, 1 c. 
 
 Caledonia, county, III. 578. 
 
 Caledonia, county seat, YIII. 14, 2 c. 
 
 Caledonii , ancient people of Scotland, III. 578, 
 
 1 b. 
 
 Ca'lef, Robert, American merchant, III. 578. 
 His work against witchcraft publicly burned, 
 
 2 b. 
 
 Caleia [ka-le'-ya], ancient town: see Cilly. 
 Cal'endae, III. 578. Greek division of the 
 month, 2 c; Roman, 579,1 a. Calendar from 
 Pompeii, 1 ab (ill.). Solar year, ib. Julian 
 calendar, 1 c; Gregorian, 2 a and c. Rule 
 for movable church feasts, 2 b. Lunar cycle, 
 2"be.. Golden number, ib. Beginning of the 
 year in different nations, 2 c. Old style and 
 new style in England, 580,1 b. French rev- 
 
CALENDERING 
 
 CALKING 
 
 149 
 
 olutionary calendar, 1 b. In ancient northern 
 nations of Europe, 1 c.—Mohammedan calen¬ 
 dar, VIII. 612, 2 b. Bill for the reformation 
 of the calendar in England, IV. 390, 1 a; 
 effected by statute in 1751, VII. 706, 1 c; 
 popular objection to it, XI. 493,1 b. Altera¬ 
 tion of the calendar by Peter the Great, XIII. 
 350, 2 a: see Calendar, III. 579, 2 a, 580, 1 c. 
 
 Calendering, III. 580. Smoothing calender, 
 introduction of, 581, 1 a. Folding, 2 b. 
 
 Calenders , dervishes, VI. 33, 1 c. 
 
 Calends, first day of a month (Roman), III. 
 579, 1 a. 
 
 Calen'dula officinalis (botany), XI. 166, 2 a. 
 
 Cal'enture, a febrile disease, III. 581. 
 
 Calepin [kal-pa ng ], scrap book, III. 581, 2 c. 
 
 Calepino, Ambrogio [ka-la-pe'-no], Italian lexi¬ 
 cographer, III. 581. 
 
 Gales [ka'-leez], a name of Cadiz, III. 537, 1 c. 
 
 Caleti , or Caletes [ka-le'-ti, -teez], ancient Ar- 
 moric tribe, X. 470, 1 c. 
 
 Calf [kaf], III. 582. Rearing of calves, 1 b. 
 Robert Colt’s rules for feeding, 1 c. 
 
 Calhoun [kal-hoon'], ten counties, III. 582. 
 
 Calhoun , county seats, VIII. 112, 1 a; X. 797, 
 1 a. 
 
 Calhoun, John Caldwell, American statesman, 
 III. 583. His course in congress in regard 
 to the war with England, 584, 1 c; to 
 the national bank, 2 be; to internal im¬ 
 provements, 585, 2 a. Appointed secre¬ 
 tary of war, 2 b. His opinion on the 
 Missouri compromise, 586, 1 a; 590, 1 b. 
 Elected vice president, 586,1 be. Opposition 
 to the protective system, 2 a. His breach 
 with President Jackson, 587, 1 a. Elected 
 U. S. senator, 1 be. The nullification move¬ 
 ment, 2 a. Condemns the removal of the 
 deposits, 2 c. His report against anti-slavery 
 publications, 588, 2 a. The public lands, 589, 
 
 1 b. Oratorical contest with Henry Clay, 2 b. 
 His pro-slavery resolutions, 590, 1 a; 591, 
 
 2 c. Appointed secretary of state, 590, 2 b. 
 Annexation of Texas, ib. Returns to the 
 senate, 591, 2 a. Opposes the Mexican war, 
 ib .; 592, 1 c. His views of the Monroe doc¬ 
 trine, 2 a. His last speech, 593, 1 a. Web¬ 
 ster’s estimate of him, 1 c. His character, 2 b. 
 
 Calhoun , Patrick , father of J. C. Calhoun, III. 
 583, 2 b, c. 
 
 Caliari , Paolo : see Cagliari. 
 
 Calico, origin of the word, III. 594, 1 c, and V. 
 402, 2 c; different meanings of, III. 594,1 c. 
 
 Calico bush, IX. 737, 2 a (Kalmia). 
 
 Calico Printing, III. 594. Processes of the 
 ancient Egyptians and others, 2 a, ff. Pres¬ 
 ent process, 595, 1 c. Copperplate print¬ 
 ing, 2 c; cylinder printing, ib. Preparing 
 and applying colors and mordants, 596,2 ab. 
 Use of aniline colors, 597, 2 b. 
 
 Calicut, seaport of British India, III. 598. 
 Calida'rium, ancient place, III. 576, 2 c (Cal- 
 
 DIERO). 
 
 Calidris (ornithology), XIV. 598,1 be. C. are- 
 naria, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 California, state, III. 598. State seal, 2 b. 
 Population, 599,1 a. Mountains, 2 ab. Val¬ 
 leys, 600, 1 c. Sea coast, 2 b. Rivers, 601, 
 1 a. Lakes, 1 c. Geology, 2 a. Mineral¬ 
 ogy, 2 c. Gold mining, 602, 1 b. Quicksil¬ 
 ver, &c., 2 b, ff. Climate, 603, 2 a. Soil 
 and productions, 604, 2 b. Flora, 606, 1 a. 
 Fauna, 2 ab. Natural curiosities, 2 c. Manu¬ 
 factures, 607, 2 a. Commerce, 608, 1 a. In¬ 
 tercommunication, 2 b. Government, 609, 
 
 1 c. Finances, 610,1 be. State institutions, 
 
 2 b. Education, 611, 1 a. Libraries and 
 periodicals, 612, 1 b. Religion, 1 c. His¬ 
 tory, 2 a. 
 
 California, county seat, XI. 748, 1 c. 
 California, great tree of, XIV. 772, 2 a. 
 California, Gulf of, III. 613. 
 
 California, Indians of, III. 613. 
 
 California, Lower, III. 614. Lower Califor¬ 
 nia company (of New York), 615, 2 a. 
 California lilac, so-called, XII. 312, 2 a. 
 
 Caligi, fish lice, VI. 694, 2 a. 
 
 Caligny, Jean Antenor Hue de [ii duh ka-le- 
 nye], French military and civil engineer, 
 III. 615. 
 
 Calig'ula, Caius Caesar Augustus Germanicus, 
 Roman emperor, III. 615. 
 
 Calipash: see Callipash (Index). 
 
 Calipee: see Callipee (Index). 
 
 Ca'liph, title of the successors of Mohammed, 
 III. 616. Lines of caliphs (table), 618, 1 a. 
 Calip’pic cycle, in astronomy, III. 618, 1 c. 
 Calippus, Greek astronomer, III. 618. His 
 cycle, 1 c. 
 
 Caliver, firearm, XII. 100, 2 b. 
 
 Calixtines [ka-lix'-tins], branch of the Hus¬ 
 sites, III. 618; IX. 92, 1 be; XVI. 829, 2 c. 
 Followers of George Calixtus, III. 618, 1 c. 
 Calixtus, name of three popes, III. 618. 
 Calixtus III., antipope, I. 279, 1 c. 
 
 Calixtus, George, Lutheran divine, III. 619. 
 
 Founder of Syncretism, 1 b. 
 
 Calking [kawk'-ing], in ships, XIV. 863, 2 ab. 
 
150 
 
 CALLA 
 
 CALORIC 
 
 Calla, genus of plants, III. 619. C. palustris, 
 1 c. C. iEthiopica, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Callahan, county, III. 619. 
 
 Calla'o [Sp. ka-lyow'], town of Peru, III. 619. 
 Callava , Col. [ka-lya'-va], governor of Spanish 
 Florida, imprisoned by Andrew Jackson, 
 IX. 491, 2 c. 
 
 Cal'laway, two counties, III. 620. 
 
 Callcott, Sir Augustus Wall [kawl'-kut], Eng¬ 
 lish painter, III. 620. John Wall, composer, 
 
 1 c. Maria, authoress, 2 a. 
 
 Calleja, Felix del Rey [ka-lya'- k ha], conde 
 de Calderon, Spanish general, III. 620. 
 Cal'lendee, James Thompson, Scotch-Ameri- 
 can political writer, III. 620. 
 
 Collet [ka-la], (Jean Francois, 1744-’98), loga¬ 
 rithmic tables of, X. 578, 1 c. 
 
 Callichthys [kal-lik'-this], (ichthyology), VII. 
 239, 2 a. 
 
 Callicrates and Icti'nus [kal-lik'-ra-teez], archi¬ 
 tects of the Parthenon, II. 56, 1 b. 
 Callicrat'idas, Spartan general, III. 620. 
 CALLikEES Bonnevue, Louis Hector, chevalier 
 de [ka-lyair bun-vti], governor of Canada, 
 III. 621. 
 
 Callimachus [kal-lim'-a-kus], Greek architect 
 and statuary, III. 621. Alexandrian gram¬ 
 marian and poet, 1 b. 
 
 Callinec'tes hasta'tus (crustacea), Y. 449, 1 c 
 
 (ill.). 
 
 Calling the last turn , in faro, VII. 89, 2 be. 
 Calli'nus of Ephesus, Greek poet, III. 621. 
 Callion'ymus (ichthyology), XV. 321, 2 b. 
 Calliopce'a (mollusca), XI. 722, 2 c. 
 
 Calliope [kal-ll'-o-pe], muse, III. 621 (ill.). 
 Calliope [kal'-le-ope], county seat, XV. 68, 1 a. 
 Calliope , steam organ, XII. 688, 2 b. 
 
 Calliope , the French: see DESHOULikp.ES, YI. 
 41, 2 b. 
 
 Callipash': see Callipee (Index). 
 
 Callipee ', choice part of the flesh of the turtle 
 (the lower, in distinction from callipash, the 
 upper part), XYI. 79, 2 b. 
 
 Calliph'ora vomito'ria (entomology), VII. 294, 
 
 2 b. Maggots of, 296, 1 ab. 
 
 Callip'olis, ancient name of Gallipoli, VII. 
 580, 2 c, and 581, 1 b. 
 
 Callirrhoe [kal-lir'-ro-e], a fountain near 
 Athens, III. 621. 
 
 Callirrhoe , nymph, I. 263, 2 b. 
 
 Callirrhoe , name of Edessa, Mesopotamia, 
 under the Seleuckhu, VI. 401, 2 b. 
 
 Cal'lis, ancient town : see Cagli. 
 
 Callisen , George: see Calixtus. 
 
 Callisen, Hendrik, Danish surgeon, III. 621. 
 Adolph Carl Peder, surgical professor, 2 a. 
 
 Callis’te (ornithology), XV. 564, 1 b. C. fes- 
 tiva, ib. 
 
 Callisteia [kal-lis-te'-ya], festival, III. 621. 
 
 Callisthenes [kal-lis'-the-neez], Greek phi¬ 
 losopher, III. 621 ; I. 278, 1 be. 
 
 Callisihen'ics: see Gymnastics, VIII. 352,1 c; 
 354, 1 b. 
 
 Callis'to, Arcadian nymph, III. 621. 
 
 Callis'tratus, Athenian orator, III. 621. 
 
 Cal'lithrix (zoology), XI. 751, 2 a. C. sci- 
 ureus, ib. C. primsevus, 753, 2 a. 
 
 Calloceph’alus (zoology), XIV. 732, 1 a. 
 
 Callorhi'nus ursi'nus (zoology), XIV. 734, 
 1 ab (ill.). 
 
 Callorhyn'chus austra'lis (ichthyology), XIV. 
 727, 2 a 
 
 Callot, Jacques [ka-lo], French painter and 
 engraver, III. 622. 
 
 Calluna (botany), VIII. 580,1 b. C. vulgaris, ib. 
 
 Callus, hardness of the skin from friction or 
 pressure, III. 622. Osseous growth, uniting 
 fractured bones, 2 ab ; 61, 1 a (Bone). 
 
 Cal'mar, district of Sweden, III. 622. Capi¬ 
 tal, 2 c. Union of Calmar, VI. 13, 1 be ; 
 XI. 157, 2 b; XII. 511, 1 b; XV. 508, 2 c. 
 Its termination, IV. 526, 1 c. War of Cal¬ 
 mar, IV. 527, 1 b. 
 
 Cal 'met, Augustin [Fr. kal-ma], French Bene¬ 
 dictine scholar, III. 623. 
 
 Calmon, Marc Antoine [kal-mo ng ], French 
 political economist, III. 623. 
 
 Cal'mucks, Mongol people, III. 623. Calmuck 
 costumes, 624, 1 a (ill., 623). 
 
 Calo'geri: see Caloyees. 
 
 Calomaede, Francisco Tadeo, count de [ka-lo' 
 mar'-f/ia], Spanish statesman, III. 624. 
 
 Calombier , Mile. [ka-lo ng -bya]: see Bonaparte, 
 Napoleon, III. 37, 1 a. 
 
 Cal'omel, subchloride of mercury, III. 624. 
 Methods of preparing it, 2 b. Its use in 
 medicine, 625, 1 a; XL 403, 1 c, 2 a. Na¬ 
 tive calomel (ore of mercury), III. 624, 1 c; 
 IV. 501, 2 a. 
 
 Calonne, Charles Alexandre de [ka-lun], 
 French courtier and minister of state, III. 
 625. 
 
 Calop'tenus spre'tus (entomology), XIV. 371, 
 1 c (ill.). C. femur-rubrum, 2 c (ill.). C. 
 Atlantis, 372, 1 a. 
 
 Calorescence: see Spectrum, XV. 246, 1 a. 
 
 Catop/ic: see Heat, VIII. 567, 2 b. 
 
 Caloeic Engine, HI. 625. Principle of, 626, 
 
CALORIC 
 
 CAMATA 
 
 151 
 
 1 a. Ericsson’s, 1 be (ill.). Ericsson’s im¬ 
 proved, 2 a (ill.). Roper’s, G27, 1 b (ills.). 
 Caloric theory , VIII. 567, 2 b. 
 
 Calorie , the kilogramme degree of heat, VIII. 
 573, 2 b. 
 
 Calorific rays of light , X. 440, 2 a. 
 Calorification , mortem: see Dowler, VI. 
 
 234, 2 be. 
 
 Calorim'eter, III. 627. Black’s ice-block 
 calorimeter, VIII. 573, 2 b (ill.). Ice 
 calorimeter of Lavoisier and Laplace, 574, 
 1 a (ill.). Bunsen’s, 1 be (ill.). 
 
 Calorimotor , Hare's (Robert), VIII. 458, 2 c. 
 Calosa'mia angulif'era (entomology), XV. 45, 
 
 1 b. C. Promethea, ib. 
 
 Calotype, in photography, XIII. 469, 2 b. 
 Calo'vius, Abraham, German divine, III. 627. 
 Caloy'ers, Greek monks, III. 628. Female 
 Caloyers, 1 be. 
 
 Cai/pe, rock of Gibraltar, III. 628; I. 42, 1 c; 
 
 VII. 800, 2 c; VIII. 679, 2 c. 
 
 Calpee', town of British India, III. 628. 
 Calpur'nius, Titus, Latin poet, III. 628. 
 Caltagirone [kal-ta-je-ro'-na], city of Sicily, 
 III. 628. 
 
 Caltaniset'ta, province of Sicily, III. 628. 
 Capital, 2 b. 
 
 Caltha palustris (botany), XI. 167, 1 b. 
 
 Calton hill [kawl'-tun], near Edinburgh, VI. 
 405, 2 b. 
 
 Calumba , a root: see Colttmbo. 
 
 Cal'umet , Indian national pipe, I. 403, 1 b. 
 Calumet, county, III. 628. River : see Cal- 
 umick. 
 
 Calumick, river, III. 628. 
 
 Calu’rus resplen’ dens (ornithology), XV. 877, 
 
 2 ab. 
 
 Calvados [kal-va-doce], department of France, 
 III. 629. 
 
 Calvaert, or Calvart, Denis [kal'-vart], Flem¬ 
 ish painter, III. 629. 
 
 Cal'vary, scene of the crucifixion, III. 629; 
 IX. 616, 2 a. 
 
 Calvert [kawl'-vert], county, III. 629. 
 Calvert, George, first Lord Baltimore, Eng¬ 
 lish statesman and colonizer, III. 629. Ceci- 
 lius, second Lord Baltimore, first proprietary 
 of Maryland, 2 be. Leonard, first governor 
 of Maryland, 2 c.—Charles, Lord Baltimore, 
 governor and proprietary, XI. 230, 2 a. 
 Benedict Leonard, 2 b. Charles, a Protes¬ 
 tant, restored to authority as proprietary, ib. 
 Calvert, George Henry, American author, 
 III. 631. 
 
 Calvert and Scarborough line , boundary of 
 Maryland and Virginia on the eastern shore, 
 
 XI. 230, 2 c. 
 
 Calvi, Lazzaro and Pantaleone, Genoese 
 painters, III. 631. 
 
 Calvin, John, French reformer, III. 631. Be¬ 
 comes the champion of refoitfh, 2 c. Ilis 
 “Institutes of the Christian Religion,” 632, 
 
 1 be. Ground idea of his system of theology, 
 
 2 ab; its leading tenets, 2 b. Settled in 
 Geneva, 633, 1 a. Omission of Trinity and 
 person in the Genevese creed, 1 be. Pres- 
 byterial system inaugurated, 634, 1 b. Ec¬ 
 clesiastical and civil disputes, 2 a-b. Trial 
 and execution of Servetus, 635, 1 a. Acad¬ 
 emy of Geneva, 1 c. Extent of Calvin’s in¬ 
 fluence, 2 a. 
 
 Calving , of glaciers, XIII. 653, 2 b. 
 
 Calvinism , the five points of, XIV. 253, 2 c. 
 Calvis'ius, Seth us, German musician and 
 chronologist, III. 636. 
 
 Calvus, Caius Licinius Macer, Roman orator 
 and poet, III. 636. 
 
 Calw [kalv], town of Wurtemberg, III. 636. 
 Calx, in alchemy and chemistry, III. 636. 
 Calyd’na , island : see Tenedos. 
 
 Cal'ydon, ancient city of .ZEtolia, III. 636. 
 Calydo'nian hunt , XI. 369, 2 c (Meleager). 
 Calyme'ne, genus of trilobites, III. 636; XV. 
 
 868, 1 ab (ill.). 
 
 Calyp'so, nymph, III. 637. 
 
 Calyptom'ena (ornithology), XI. 88, .2 a. C. 
 viridis, 2 ab. 
 
 Calyptorhyn’chus (ornithology), IV. 784, 2 b. 
 C. stellata, 785, 1 a (ill., 784). C. Tem- 
 minckii, 1 b. 
 
 Ca’lyx , in botany, XIII. 585, 1 a, c. Mono- 
 sepalous or gamosepalous calyx, 586, 2 a. 
 Cam, river of England, III. 637. 
 
 Cam, Diogo [ka ng ], Portuguese navigator, III. 
 637. 
 
 Camaldolen’sians : see Camaldules. 
 
 Carnal’ doli, congregation of: see Camaldules, 
 and Monachism, XI. 730, 1 b. 
 
 Camal'dules, religious order, III. 637. 
 Camar’acum , ancient name of Cambrai, III. 
 641, 1 b. 
 
 Camar'go, Marie Anne, dancer, III. 637. 
 Camargue, La [la ka-marg], island of France, 
 III. 637. 
 
 Camari'na, ancient town of Sicily, III. 637. 
 Camars , ancient town: see Clusium. 
 
 Camata and camatina , tanning substances, 
 
 XII. 558, 1 b. 
 
152 
 
 cambacErEs 
 
 CAMEO 
 
 Cambaceres, Jean Jacques Regis de [ra-zheece 
 duh ka llg -ba-sa-race], duke of Parma, Frencli 
 statesman, III. 637. 
 
 Cambay', city of British India, III. 638. Gulf 
 of, 2 a. 
 
 Cambay stones , IY. 8, 2 a. 
 
 Cam'berwell, suburb of London, III. 638. 
 Camberwell beauty , species of butterfly, III. 
 499, 1 a. 
 
 Cambiaso, Luca [kam-bya'-zo], Genoese artist, 
 III. 638. 
 
 Cambini, Giuseppe [kam-be'-ne], Italian com¬ 
 poser, III. 638. 
 
 Cambium , in plants, XIII. 580, 1 a. Referred 
 to, I. 217, 2 c; VII. 30, 2 b; VIII. 140, 1 a. 
 Cambo dia, kingdom of Further India, III. 638. 
 (Map, I. 456.) Productions, 639, 1 a. Cam¬ 
 bodians, 2 a (ill.). Social customs, 2 b. 
 Government, 2 c. History, 640, 1 a. 
 Cambodia River : see Mekong. 
 
 Camboge : see Gamboge. 
 
 C ambon, Joseph [ka ng -bd Dg ], French revolution¬ 
 ist, III. 640. 
 
 Ca^l'borne, town of England, III. 641. 
 Cambrai [ka llg -bra], city of France, III. 641. 
 League of, against Venice, 1 c; IX. 712, 
 1 a; XVI. 300, 1 a. Treaty of (ladies’ 
 peace), III. 641, 1 c; IV. 295, 2 ab; VII. 
 382, 1 b, 417, 2 c; XI. 157, 2 a. 
 
 Cambray : see Cambrai. 
 
 Cam'bria, county, III. 641. 
 
 Cambrian System, in geology, III. 641; VII. 
 694, 2 a (in table, 1 c); 696, 1 b, c, 2 a, ab; 
 697, 1 b, be, 2 c. 
 
 Cambric [kaim'-brik], origin of the name, III. 
 641, 1 c. 
 
 Cambridge [kaim'-brij], city of Massachusetts, 
 III. 641. Washington elm, 2 c (ill., 642). 
 Longfellow’s house, ib. (ill., 642). Public 
 institutions, 642, 1 a. See Harvard Uni¬ 
 versity. Mount Auburn cemetery, 2 a. 
 Cambridge , county seats, VI. 214, 1 a; VIII. 
 
 298, 2 c; 641, 1 c; IX. 424, 2 c. 
 
 Cambridge, town of England, III. 643. Church 
 of St. Sepulchre, 2 ab (ill.). 
 
 Cambridge, University of, III. 643. Colleges, 
 644, 1 a. Government, 1 b. Professors, 1 c. 
 Admission, 2 b. Classes of students, ib. 
 University terms, 2 c. Degrees, ib. Exami¬ 
 nations, 645, 1 a. Fellowships, 1 c. Public 
 buildings, 2 b. Gothic chapel in King’s col¬ 
 lege, ib. (ill.). Fitzwilliam museum, 2 be 
 (ill.). Libraries, 2 c. 
 
 Cambridge, Dukes of, III. 646. Adolphus 
 
 Frederick, 1 a. George William Frederick 
 Charles, commander-in-chief, 1 b. Miss 
 Fairbrother, his mistress, 1 c. Augusta, his 
 sister, grand duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 
 ib. Mary, Princess Teck, his sister, ib. 
 Cambridgeshire, county of England, III. 646. 
 Cambronne, Pierre Jacques Rtienne, baron 
 [ka ng -brun], French general, III. 646. 
 Cambusken'neth , Scotland, battle of, XVI. 432, 
 
 1 a. 
 
 Camby'ses, Persian king, III. 646. Conquest 
 of Egypt, 2 c; VI. 463, 1 b. Barbarities of, 
 III. 647, 1 a; XI. 381, lb; XIII. 322, 1 a. 
 Camden, four counties, III. 647. 
 
 Camden, city of Hew Jersey, III. 647. Town 
 of South Carolina, 2 b. Town of Alabama, 
 
 2 c. Town of Arkansas, 648, 1 a. 
 
 Camden , county seats, II. 542, 1 a; III. 647, 
 
 1 c; IX. 813, 2 b; XII. 738, 1 b; XVI. 620, 
 
 2 a. 
 
 Camden, county of New South Wales, III. 648. 
 Camden, Charles Pratt, earl, English states¬ 
 man, III. 648. His defence of the right of 
 juries in cases of libel, 1 b; of the liberties 
 of the subject in the case of John W T ilkes, 
 
 1 c; of the American colonies, ib. 
 
 Camden, William, British historian and anti¬ 
 quary, III. 648. Camden society, 2 c. 
 
 Camden house , at Chiselhurst, abode of the 
 deposed emperor Napoleon III., III. 54, 2 c. 
 Camel, ruminating animal, III. 648. Bactrian 
 camel, 649,1 b (ill.), 650,1 b. Arabian cam¬ 
 el, 649,1 c (ill.). Stomach of the camel, 
 
 2 c. Stomach cells, and foot (ill.), 2 b. 
 Fossil camel, 650, 1 b. Major Wayne on the 
 use of the camel in the United States, ib. 
 Age of, I. 182, 2 ab. 
 
 Camel, machine for floating ships, III. 650. 
 Camel , river, bird, XIII. 236, 2 a. 
 
 Cameline [kam-leen], sauce, V. 300, 1 be. 
 Camellia, genus of shrubs, III. 650. C. bohea 
 and viridis, 2 c. (See Tea, XV. 598, 2 b.) 
 C. Japonica, ib. (ill., 651). C. reticulata, 651, 
 1 be. C. oleifera, ib. C. sasanqua, ib ., and 
 XV. 601, 1 be. 
 
 Camel'opard : see Giraffe. 
 
 Camelopar'dalis, constellation, III. 651. 
 Camelotes [ka-mS-lo'-tace], floating islands, 
 XIII. 597, 1 c. 
 
 Came'lus (zoology), III. 648. C. Bactrianus, 
 649, 1 b (ill.). C. Arabicus, 1 c (ill.). 
 Camenz [ka'-ments], town of Saxony, III. 651. 
 Cam'eo, III. 651. Gem cameos, 2 a. Shell 
 cameos, 652, 1 be. Cameo cutting on shells, 
 
CAMEO 
 
 CAMPBELL 
 
 153 
 
 2 a; Holtzapffel’s directions for it, 2 ab. 
 Carving in onyx and carnelian, 653, 1 a and 
 b. See Agate, I. 178, 1 ab. 
 
 Cameo incrustation , in glass making, VIII. 24, 
 1 b (ills.). 
 
 Cam'era Lu'cida, optical instrument, III. 653. 
 Wollaston's camera, 1 c (ills.). Amici’s cam¬ 
 era, 2 c (ill., 654). Use of in microscopy, 
 XI. 520, 2 a. 
 
 Camera Obscu'ra, optical instrument, III. 
 654 (ill.). 
 
 Camera'via (botany), III. 654, 2 b. 
 
 Camerarius: see Chamberlain. 
 
 Camerarius, Joachim [ka-ma-ra'-re-oos], Ger¬ 
 man scholar, III. 654. Joachim, botanist, 2 
 b. Rudolph Jakob, physician and botanist, ib. 
 Camerata , Count [ka-ma-ra'-ta], husband of 
 the princess Bacciochi, II. 194, 1 a. Napo- 
 leone, her son, ib. 
 
 Camerino [ka-ma-re'-no], town of Italy, III. 
 654. 
 
 Cameri'num , ancient city: see Camerino. 
 Cam'eron, three counties, III. 655. 
 
 Cameron , county seat, XI. 531, 1 a. 
 
 Cameron , Captain, British consul to Abyssinia, 
 
 I. 47, 1 a. 
 
 Cameron , Donald , Scottish chief, IV. 312, 1 ab. 
 Cameron, John, Scottish theologian, III. 655. 
 His theory of the will, 2 a. Cameronites, 
 his followers, ib. 
 
 Cameron, Richard, Scottish preacher, founder 
 of the Cameronians, III. 655. 
 
 Cameron, Simon, American senator, III. 655. 
 Camero'nes: see Cameroons. 
 
 Cameronians, sect of Scotch Presbyterians, 
 III. 656. 
 
 Cameronites (Amyraldists), followers of John 
 Cameron, III. 655, 2 a. 
 
 Cameroons, river of Guinea, III. 656. 
 Cameroons Mountains, in Africa, III. 656. 
 Camilla , county seat, XI. 677, 2 c. 
 
 Camillus, Marcus Furius, Roman dictator, III. 
 657. 
 
 Caminatzin [ka-me-nat-seen'J, Mexican king, 
 III. 657. 
 
 Cam'isards [Fr. k£-me-zar], French Protes¬ 
 tants, III. 657; IX. 38, 1 a. 
 
 Cammeni , islands of: see Thera, XV. 696, 2 a. 
 Cam'meriioff, John Frederick, Moravian bish¬ 
 op, III. 658. 
 
 Cammin [kam-meen'], town of Prussia, III. 658. 
 Camoens, Luiz de [kam'-o-ens], (Port. Camdes , 
 ka-moi ng s'), Portuguese poet, III. 658. 
 Camorra, Neapolitan secret society, III. 659. 
 
 Campagna [kam-pa'-nya], town of Italy, III. 
 
 659. 
 
 Campagna di Roma [de ro'-ma], plain surround¬ 
 ing Rome, III. 659 (ill.). 
 
 Campagna Felice [fa-le'-cha], Italian name of 
 Campania, III. 661,1 b. 
 
 Campag'nol [Fr. ka ng -pa-nyul], meadow mouse, 
 XI. 312, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Campaign of France (Napoleon’s, in 1814), 
 III. 45, 1 c. 
 
 Campan [ka ng -pa" g ], town of France, III. 660. 
 Cam pan marble, 1 b. 
 
 Campan, Jeanne Louise Henriette Genest, 
 French teacher, III. 660. 
 
 Campana , church bell, II. 495, 2 ab. 
 Campanel'la, Tommaso, Italian philosopher, 
 III. 660; XIII. 440, 2 c (Philosophy). 
 Campaniia [kam-pa'-nya], town of Brazil, III. 
 
 660. 
 
 Campani, Matteo and Giuseppe [kam-pa'-ne], 
 Italian inventors and opticians, III. 660. 
 Campania, division of ancient Italy, III. 661. 
 Campani Aliments: see Campani, III. 660, 
 2 c. 
 
 Campanile [kam-pa-ne'-la], bell tower, III. 
 661. Giotto’s campanile at Florence, 1 c 
 (ill.); II. 495, 2 b. 
 
 Campanile of St. Mari: see Venice, XVI. 
 297, 1 c. 
 
 Campanula (botany), VIII. 459, 1 ab. C. 
 
 rotundifolia, ib. (ill.). C. linifolia, 2 a. 
 Campanula'ria, liydroid: see Jelly Fish, IX. 
 602, 1 ab. 
 
 Campbell [kam'-el or kam'-bel], four counties, 
 III. 661. 
 
 Campbell, Alexander, American clergyman, 
 founder of a sect, III. 662. See Disciples. 
 Campbell, Archibald: see Argyll, Duke of. 
 Campbell, Sir Colin, Lord Clyde, British gen¬ 
 eral, III. 662. 
 
 Campbell, George, Scottish clergyman, III. 663. 
 Campbell, John, Scottish writer, III. 663. 
 Campbell, John, Scottish clergyman, III. 663. 
 Campbell, John, lord, British jurist and au¬ 
 thor, III. 663. 
 
 Campbell, Sir Neil, British officer, III. 664. 
 Campbell, Thomas, British poet, III. 664. 
 
 Originated the university of London, 2 c. 
 Campbell , Thomas , clergyman, associate found¬ 
 er of the sect of Campbellites, VI. 132, 1 a. 
 See Campbell, Alexander. 
 
 Campbell, Lord William, royal governor of 
 South Carolina, III. 665. 
 
 Campbell, William, American officer, III. 665. 
 
154 
 
 CAMPBELL 
 
 CANADA 
 
 Campbell of Glenlyon , his atrocious treachery 
 and bloodshed, VIII. 31, 2 a (Glencoe). 
 
 Campbell Court House, county seat, III. 661, 2 c. 
 
 Campbellites , or Disciples of Christ, II. 293, 
 2 ab; III. 662, 1 ab; VI. 132, 1 a. 
 
 Campbellsville, county seat, XY. 591, 2 b. 
 
 Campbellton , county seat, III. 661, 2 c. 
 
 Campbelltown: see Fayetteville, YII. 102,2 b. 
 
 Campbeltown, seaport of Scotland, III. 665. 
 
 Camp Dick Robinson , Union camp in Kentucky, 
 IX. 805, 1 b. 
 
 Campe, Joachim Heinrich [kam'-peh], German 
 author, III. 665. 
 
 Campea'ohy, state of Mexico, III. 665. Capi¬ 
 tal citv, 2 b. 
 
 Campeachy wood: see Logwood, X. 584, 2 b. 
 
 Campeche [Sp. kam-pa'-cha]: see Campeachy. 
 
 Campeggio, Lorenzo [kam-ped'-jo], Italian car¬ 
 dinal, III. 666. 
 
 Campeius [kam-pe'-yus]: see Campeggio. 
 
 Campenon, Francois Nicolas Yincent [ka ng p- 
 no ng ], French poet, III. 666. 
 
 Campeph!ilus principa'lis (ornithology), XYI. 
 709, 2 b. 
 
 Campee, Pieter [kam'-per], Dutch physician 
 and anatomist, III. 666. His studies of the 
 anatomy of birds, 2 be; of the varieties of 
 the human race, 2 c ; of comparative anato¬ 
 my, ib. 
 
 Camp fever , YII. 166, 2 c. 
 
 Camphausen, Wilhelm [kamp'-how-zen], Ger¬ 
 man painter, III. 667. 
 
 Campiiene', in chemistry, III. 667. Varieties 
 of, 1 b; XVI. 77, 2 c. Principal cainphenes, 
 III. 667, 2 a. Burning fluid, 2 ab. 
 
 Campherenes and camphilenes , modifications of 
 camphenes, III. 667, 2 a. 
 
 Cam'phoe, III. 667. Camphor tree of Suma¬ 
 tra and Borneo, 2 b. Camphor wood, 668, 
 1 a. Common camphor, 1 b; tree yielding 
 it, 2 a (ill.). Preparation of camphor, 2 a; 
 its chemical character, 2 be ; medicinal use, 
 669, 1 a. 
 
 Camphoe'io Acid, III. 669. 
 
 Camphuysen, Dirk Bafelsk [kamp'-hoi-zen], 
 Dutch painter, theologian, and poet, III. 669. 
 
 Campi, Giulio [kam'-pe], Italian painter, III. 
 669. Bernardino, painter, 2 a. 
 
 Cam'ptan, Edmund, English author and theo¬ 
 logian, III. 669. 
 
 Campidoglio , piazza del [pyat'-sa del kam-pe- 
 do'-lyo], Rome, III. 756, 2 a. 
 
 Campli [kam'-ple], town of Italy, III. 670. 
 
 Camp meetings , religious , schism caused by 
 
 their introduction among the English Wes- 
 leyans, XI. 454, 1 a; III. 160, 1 b. 
 Campobas'so, province of Italy, III. 670. Cap¬ 
 ital city, 1 b. 
 
 Campobasso, Nicolb, count of, Neapolitan sol¬ 
 dier of fortune, III. 670. 
 
 Campo Foemio, village of Italy, III. 670. Peace 
 of, ib .; 39, 2 ab; II. 145, 1 c; YII. 390, 2 b. 
 Campo Marzo [mar'-tzo], district of Rome, III. 
 670, 2 ab. 
 
 Campo Santo : see Cemeteey, IY. 187, 2 be. 
 
 Of Pisa, ib .; its frescoes, YII. 483, 2 c. 
 Campo Vaccino [vat-che'-no], Roman forum, 
 YII. 338, 2 a. 
 
 Camps , half-faced: see Tent, XY. 653, 2 be. 
 Camptol'emus Labrado'rius (ornithology), YI. 
 290, 2 c (ill., 291). 
 
 Camptosorus rhizophyllus , walking leaf, fern, 
 XYI. 430, 2 c (ill.); YII. 149, 2 be. 
 
 Campus, in Roman antiquity, III. 670. Cam¬ 
 pus Martius, 1 c; XIY. 410, 1 ab. C. Esqui- 
 linus, 1 b. O. Sceleratus, III. 670, 2 b; 
 XIV. 410, 1 b; XYI. 328, 2 b. 
 
 Campus Pompeius: see Pompeii, XIII. 694, 1 b. 
 Camulodu'num , ancient town, Y. 43, 2 a (Col- 
 chestee). 
 
 Camus, Armand Gaston [ka-mus], French revo¬ 
 lutionist, III. 670. 
 
 Camus, Charles Etienne Louis, French mathe¬ 
 matician and mechanician, III. 671. 
 Camwood, a dyewood, III. 671 (ill.); 233, 1 c. 
 Ca'na, two ancient towns in Palestine, III. 671. 
 Canaan [ka'-nan], in Palestine, III. 671; XIII. 
 7, 2 c. 
 
 Canaanites , VIII. 408,1 be; XIII. 7, 2 c, 8,1 a. 
 Can'ada, Dominion of, III. 671. (Map.) Seal 
 (ill.), 2 b. Divisions, 2 a. Population, 672, 
 
 1 a. Boundary line, 1 b. Physical features, 
 
 2 c. Climate, 673, 2 b. Forests, 674, 1 a. 
 Union of the provinces, 1 b. Government, 
 2 b. Finances, 676, 2 a. Commerce, 2 c. 
 Industrial statistics, XII. 822-’4 (Appendix). 
 History, III. 677, 2 ab. Earthquake of 
 1663, 678, 1 b. Canals of, 687, 2 a. Fenian 
 invasion of, YII. 127, 1 be; second invasion 
 meditated, 128, 2 b. 
 
 Canada , Loiver: see Quebec (province), and 
 III. 679, 1 a. 
 
 Canada , Upper: see Ontaeio (province), and 
 III. 679, 1 a. 
 
 Canada balsam , II. 247, 1 c, 248, 1 c, 249, 
 2 c; YII. 208, 1 be; XYI. 77, 1 be. Use 
 of in polarizing apparatus, X. 447, 1 a. 
 Canada East: see Quebec (province). 
 
CANADA 
 
 CANE 
 
 155 
 
 Canada potato, I. 782, 1 c. 
 
 Canadaquois, Indian tribe, III. 679, 2 ab. 
 
 Canada turpentine , VII. 208, 1 be. 
 
 Canada West: see Ontario (province). 
 
 Canadian Catechism , allusion to, III. 679, 2 b. 
 
 Canadian Indians, III. 679. 
 
 Canadian River, tributary of tlie Arkansas, 
 III. 679. 
 
 Canajoiiarie [kan-a-jo-ha'-re], town of New 
 York, III. 679. 
 
 Canal', artificial watercourse, III. 679. Prin¬ 
 ciples of construction, 2 c. Cross section 
 (ill.), 680, 1 a. Lock, 2 a (section). Lift lock 
 (ill.), 681, 1 c. Weigh lock, 2 b (ill.). Aque¬ 
 ducts, 682, 2 a. Seneca river aqueduct, 
 ih. (ill.). Motive power, 2 b. Canals of 
 Asia and Europe, 683, 2 a; of the United 
 States, 684, 2 a (tables). Ship canals, 687, 
 
 1 c. Sault Ste. Marie, ih. Canadian canals, 
 
 2 a. Caledonian canal, 688,1 a; North Hol¬ 
 land, 1 c; Suez, 2 be. Proposed canal uniting 
 the Atlantic and Pacific, 690, 1 ab ; IV. 765, 
 1 c ; XII. 421, 2 c; XIII. 33, 1 b. 
 
 Canal Dover, village of Ohio, VI. 232, 1 be. 
 
 Canale, Antonio [ka-na'-la]: see Canaletto. 
 
 Canale, Nicold, Venetian admiral, III. 690. 
 
 Canalet'to, Antonio, Italian painter, III. 690. 
 His nephew (Bernardo Belotto), painter, 2 c. 
 
 Canalic'uli , in the dentine of the teeth, XV. 
 606, 1 b. 
 
 Canal system of New York, its original pro¬ 
 jector, V. 63, 1 be. 
 
 Canandai'gua, town of New York, III. 690. 
 
 Cananore', town of British India, III. 691. 
 
 Canara [ka-na'-ra], district of British India, 
 III. 691. 
 
 Canarese', a race in India, IX. 215, 2 a. 
 
 Cana'vies : see Canary Islands. 
 
 Canaris, Constantine [ka-na'-ris], Greek naval 
 officer and statesman, III. 691. (Died 1877.) 
 
 Cana'ry Bird, III. 691 (ill., 692). 
 
 Canary Grass, III. 692 (ill.). 
 
 Canary Islands, III. 692; view in, 693. 
 
 Canata [ka-na'-ta], (Iroquois word from which 
 Canada is derived), bishop of, XIII. 610, 
 1 c. 
 
 Canby, Edward Richard Sprigg, American 
 general, III. 693. 
 
 Canhy, naturalist, VI. 123, 1 a (DioN/Ea). 
 
 Cancale [ka ng -kal], seaport of France, III. 694. 
 
 Cancelli in ancient churches, IV. 566, 2 b. 
 
 Cancelli of hone, III. 58, 2 b. 
 
 Canceola'rius, museum of at Verona, referred 
 to, VII. 687, 2 c. 
 
 Cancer, sign of the zodiac, III. 694. Tropic 
 of Cancer, 1 b. 
 
 Cancer, disease, III. 694. Internal cancer, 2 a. 
 Cancerous tumors, ih. See Tumor, XVI. 29, 
 2 a. 
 
 Cancer, crab, V. 449, 1 a. C. irroratus, 2 b. 
 C. borealis, ih. C. pagurus, ih. (ill.). 
 
 Cancrin, George, count [kan-krin'J, Russian 
 statesman, III. 694. 
 
 Cancro'ma cochlea'ria (ornithology), II. 765, 
 2 be (ill., 766). 
 
 Canda, Miss , monument to her memory, III. 
 320, 1 b. 
 
 Candace [kan'-da-se], Ethiopian queen, III. 
 694. Royal title, 2 c. 
 
 Candahar', province of Afghanistan, III. 694. 
 City, 695, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Candau'les: see Gyges. 
 
 Candeisii [kan-daish'], district of British India, 
 III. 695. 
 
 Candesh' : see Candeisii. 
 
 Candi : see Candy. 
 
 Can'dia, island of the Grecian archipelago, 
 III. 695. Description, 2 c. History, 696, 
 1 c. See CreU (Index). —Town, 697, 1 c. 
 
 Candiac, Jean Louis Philippe Elisabeth Mont¬ 
 calm de [dull ka ng -de-ak], precocious French 
 boy, III. 697. 
 
 Candido, Pietro [kan'-de-do], (Pieter de Witte), 
 Flemish painter and sculptor, III. 697. 
 
 Candish, Sir Thomas : see Cavendish. 
 
 Candle, III. 698. Tallow candles, 1 b ; sper¬ 
 maceti, 2 b; wax, 2 c; paraffine, 699, 1 ab. 
 Candle wicks, 1 b. Candlestick, in the Eng¬ 
 lish translation of the Bible, 698, 1 a. 
 
 Candle, sales by the, or by the inch of candle, 
 at auction, II. 102, 2 c; VII. 535, 2 a. 
 
 Candle clock, Alfred the Great’s, IV. 695, 2 b. 
 
 Candlemas, religious festival, III. 699. 
 
 Candlenut, tree, III. 699 (ill.). 
 
 Candlish, Robert Smith, Scottish clergyman, 
 III. 699. 
 
 Candolle, Augustin Pyramus de [duh ka ng - 
 diil], French botanist, III. 700. His theory 
 of the flower, X. 267, 2 a. His botanical 
 system, III. 134, 1 c; continued by Alphonse 
 Louis Pierre Pyramus de, botanist, III. 700, 
 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 Candy, town of Ceylon, III. 700. 
 
 Cane, plant: see Bamboo, and Sugar. 
 
 Cane (arundinaria macrosperma ), use of in 
 paper making, XIII. 48, 1 b. See Cane 
 Brake. 
 
 Cane, river of India, III. 700. 
 
156 
 
 CANEA 
 
 CAXNONSBURG 
 
 Canea [ka'-na-a], seaport of Candia, III. 701; 
 view, 702. 
 
 Cane I. della Sc ala [ka'-na], (Cangrande), 
 Italian ruler and warrior, III. 700. 
 
 Cane Brake, in botany, III. 701. Cane brake 
 grass (ill.), ib. 
 
 Canebrake , the , tract in Alabama, XI. 153, 2 a. 
 Caneks, princes of the Itzaes, IX. 473, 1 be. 
 Canfield , county seat, XI. 26, 1 c. 
 Canga-Arguelles, Jos6 [kang-gar-gwa'-lyace], 
 Spanish statesman, III. 702. 
 
 Cange, Du: see Du Cange. 
 
 Cangrande , or Can Grande [kan gran'-da]: 
 
 see Cane I. della Scala. 
 
 Canibas, Indian tribe, III. 702; I. 19, 2 c. 
 Canicatti [ka-ne-kat'-te], town of Sicily, III. 
 702. 
 
 Canice , St. [kan'-is], cathedral of, Kilkenny, 
 IX. 832, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Canic'ula : see Dog Star. 
 
 Can'idce (zoology), IV. 10, 2 b; YI. 177, 2 b; 
 
 VII. 358, 1 a; XIY. 695, 1 c, 2 c. 
 
 Canina, Luigi [ka-ne'-na], Italian archseologist, 
 III. 702. His restoration of the Appian 
 way, I. 598, 2 be. 
 
 Caninefates [ka-ni-ne-fa'-teez], German tribe, 
 
 II. 380, l a. 
 
 Canini, Giovanni Angelo [ka-ne'-ne], Italian 
 painter and engraver, III. 702. 
 
 Canino, prince of : see Bonaparte, Lucien, 
 
 III. 33, 2 a; Charles Lucien Jules Laurent, 
 35, 1 a. 
 
 Canino , principality of, III. 34, 1 be. 
 
 Ca'nis (zoology), VI. 177, 2 b. C. aquati- 
 cus, XIII. 704, 2 c (ill.). C. anthus, YI. 179, 
 1 c; IX. 481, 2 b. C. aureus, ib. (ill.). 
 C. Australasise, YI. 179,1 be (ill.). C. avi- 
 cularis, XIII. 638, 2 a (ill.). C. borealis, YI. 
 180, 1 b (ill.). C. brevipilis, XY. 228, 2 a. 
 C. Ceylonicus, YI. 179,1 a. C. domesticus, 
 YI. 180, 2 c (ill.). C. extrarius, XY. 228, 
 1 a (ill.). C. familiaris, II. 736, 2 b (ill.). 
 C. index, XIY. 786, 1 ab (ill.). C. juba- 
 tus, YI. 179, 2 a. C. lagopus, 180, 1 b. C. 
 laniger, 2 ab. C. latrans, XVI. 696, 1 be 
 (ill.). C. lupus, 695, 2 a (ill.). C. melit83us, 
 XY. 228, 2 a. C. molossus, III. 425, 2 a 
 (ill.). C. occidentalis, XYI. 695, 2 c (ill.). 
 C. Pacificus, VI. 181, 2 a. C. Pomeranus, 
 181,1 a. C. primsevus, 179,1 a; IX. 11,1 c. 
 C. sagax, IX. 11,1c (ill.); VIII. 475,1 c (ill.). 
 C. Terraa Kovse, YI. 180,2 a (ill.). C. urcanus, 
 XI. 266,1 b (ill.). C. terrarius, XY. 662, 2 b 
 (ill.). C. venaticus, VIII. 253, 2 b (ills.). 
 
 Canis'ius, Petrus, Dutch Jesuit, III. 702. 
 Canis Major, constellation, III. 702. C. Mi¬ 
 nor, 2 b. 
 
 Can'ister shot : see Case Shot. 
 
 Canitz, Friedrich Rudolf Ludwig, baron [k&'- 
 nits], German poet and diplomatist, HI. 
 702. 
 
 Qankarachdrya [san-ka-ra-char'-ya], Hindoo 
 philosopher, IX. 229, 1 a. 
 
 Canker, ulceration of the mouth, III. 703. 
 Canker Worm, III. 703 (ill.). 
 
 Canna (botany), IX. 245, 1 c. C. Indica, ib. 
 (ill.). C. flaccida, 2 a. C. edulis, 2 ab; 
 XY. 317, 2 c. 
 
 Cannabis Indica : see Hemp, YIII. 632, 2 c. 
 
 C. sativa, 631, 1 a. 
 
 Canna'cece (botany), IX. 245, 1 c. 
 
 Can'n^e, ancient town of Italy, III. 704. Bat¬ 
 tle of, 2 ab; IY. 143, 1 b; YIII. 443, 2 a. 
 Cannel Coal : see Coal. 
 
 Can'nelton, town of Indiana, III. 704. 
 Cannes [kan], seaport of France, III. 705. 
 
 Chateau of St. Ursula (ill.). 
 
 Canninefates: see Caninefates (Index). 
 Canning, George, English statesman, HI. 705. 
 Charles John, viscount and earl, statesman, 
 706, 1 b. Stratford: see Stratford de Red- 
 
 CLIFFE. 
 
 Cannon, III. 706. Culverin, 2 c (ill.). Mor¬ 
 tars, ib. ; 709, 2 ab. Howitzer, 707,1 c; 709, 
 2 a. Calibre, 707, 1 c. Interior of cannon, 
 2 a; forms of the chamber, 2 c (ills.). 
 Length of the bore, 708, 1 a. Exterior 
 form, 1 c. Pressure on the bore, ib. (ill.). 
 Rodman gun, 2 c (ill.). Dahlgren gun (ill.), 
 
 709, 1 b. Paixhans’s system, 2 a. Colum- 
 biad, seacoast gun, 2 b (ill.). Field cannon, 
 2 c. Rifled guns, ib. Parrott rifle gun, 
 
 710, 1 a (ill.). Construction of rifled cannon, 
 1 b. Processes in manufacturing cannon of 
 cast iron or bronze, 2 b; of wrought iron or 
 steel, 711, 2 b. Built-up cannon, 2 c. Breech¬ 
 loading and muzzle-loading Armstrong guns, 
 
 712, 1 ab (ills.). Whitworth gun, 1 c (ill.). 
 Blakely gun, 2 a (ill.). Palliser and Par¬ 
 sons guns, 2 b (ill.). Krupp guns, 2 c. Gatling 
 gun and mitrailleuse, 713, 1 a.—Hand-can¬ 
 non, XII. 100, 2 a. Introduction of cannon, 
 I. 745, 2 a. See Artillery. 
 
 Cannon, county, III. 713. 
 
 Cannon , in billiards, II. 642, 2 c. 
 
 Cannon metal , III. 314, 2 b. 
 
 Cannonsburg, borough of Pennsylvania, III. 
 
 713. 
 
CANO 
 
 CANTICUM 
 
 157 
 
 Cano, Alonso [ka'-no], Spanish painter, sculp¬ 
 tor, and architect, III. 713. 
 
 Cano, Jacobo: see Cam, Diogo. 
 
 Cano, Juan Sebastian del, Spanish navigator, 
 III. 713. 
 
 Cano'bus , Egyptian god and city: see Canopus. 
 Canoe birch, II. 648, 1 a. 
 
 Canon, in theology, III. 713. Canon of the 
 Old Testament, 2 b; of the New Testament, 
 714, 2 ab. Objections to the canon, 715, 2 a. 
 Canon, ecclesiastical dignitary, III. 715. See 
 Prebend. 
 
 Canon, in music, III. 715. 
 
 Canon [ka-nyone'J, ravine, III. 716. 
 
 Caflon City , county seat, VII. 477, 2 a. 
 Cano'nes Apostol'ici , III. 717, 2 b. 
 
 Canon'ica, Luigi della, Italian architect, III. 
 716. 
 
 Canonical Hours, in religious services, III. 
 
 716. See Breviary. 
 
 Canonicus, Indian chief, III. 716. 
 
 Canonicut, island, XIV. 291, 2 a, ab. 
 Canonization, III. 716. Canonization of saints 
 
 first reserved for the holy see, I. 279, 2 a. 
 Canon Law, III. 716. Canones Apostolici, 
 
 717, 2 b. Constitutiones Apostolicie, 2 c. 
 Codex Canonum, 718, 1 a, 2 a. Codex Isi- 
 doriana, 1 b; prisca, ib. Dionysius Exiguus, 
 his collection of canons and decretals, 1 be. 
 Isidore Mercator, or Peccator, 2 b; Bishop 
 Beveridge on his work, 2 c. Gratian’s Con- 
 cordantia Discordantium Canonum, 719, 1 a. 
 Pope Gregory’s collection, lb. Jus anti¬ 
 quum, and jus recens, 2 a. Bullarium, 2 b. 
 Concordats, 2 c. Canon law in England, V. 
 149, 1 b. 
 
 “ Canons, Apostolical ,” III. 717, 2 b. 
 
 Canons of church councils , V. 423, 2 b. 
 
 Canons of the Colorado, V. 106, 2 c. Grand 
 caflon, 107, 1 ab. First descent through 
 them, 2 c. Prof. Powell’s descent, 108, 1 b. 
 Canopus, star, III. 720. 
 
 Canopus, city of Egypt, III. 720. The god 
 Canobus, 1 be (ill.). 
 
 Cano'sa, town of Italy, III. 720. Ancient 
 tombs, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Canossa, town of Italy, III. 720. Penance 
 exacted of the emperor Henry IV. at, ib., 
 and VIII. 658, 2 b. 
 
 Canot, Theodore [ka-no] T adventurer and slave 
 trader, III. 720. 
 
 Cano'va, Antonio, Italian sculptor, III. 721. 
 Canovai, Stanislao [kd-no-vi'], Italian eccle¬ 
 siastic and mathematician, III. 722. 
 
 Canrobert, Francois Certain [ka ng -riih-bair], 
 French marshal, III. 722. 
 
 Camistadt : see Canstatt. 
 
 Canson [ka ng -so ng ], a class of Provencal versifi¬ 
 cation, XIV. 40, 1 b. 
 
 Canstatt [kan'-stat], town of Wiirtemberg, 
 III. 722. 
 
 Canstein, Karl Hildebrand, Freiherr von [kan'- 
 stine], founder of the Canstein Bible society, 
 III. 722. 
 
 Canstein Bible, allusion to, II. 617, 2 b. 
 
 Canstein Bible institute, II. 614, 2 b. 
 
 Cant: see Slang, XV. 85, 2 a. 
 
 Canta'bri, ancient people, II. 367, 1 a, 2 a; 
 III. 723, 1 b. 
 
 Cantabria, district of ancient Spain, III. 723. 
 
 Cantabrian Mountains, Spain, III. 723. 
 
 Cantacuze'nus, or Cantacuzene, Grseco-Wal- 
 lachian family, III. 723. Serban, waywode 
 ofWallachia, 2 a. Demetrius, hospodar of 
 Moldavia, 2 b. Stephen, waywode, 2 c. 
 Alexander and George, Russian military 
 officers, ib. 
 
 Cantaouzenus, Johannes, Byzantine emperor 
 and historian, III. 723. 
 
 Cantagal'lo, town of Brazil, III. 724. 
 
 Cantal [ka ng -tal], department of France, III. 
 724. Auvergnats, 2 ab. 
 
 Cantarini, Simone [kan-ta-re'-ne], Italian 
 painter, III. 724. 
 
 Canteloupe, a melon, XI. 372, 2 c. Origin of 
 the name, ib. 
 
 Cantemir, Demetrius [kan'-teh-meer], hos¬ 
 podar of Moldavia, III. 724. Antiochus, or 
 Constantine Demetrius, Russian poet and 
 statesman, 2 c. 
 
 Canterbury, city and archiepiscopal see of 
 England, III. 725. Canterbury cathedral, 
 
 1 c (ill.); IV. 119, 1 b. Augustinian mon¬ 
 astery, 2 c. First native English arch¬ 
 bishop, II. 440, 2 c. 
 
 Cant frames, in a ship, XIV. 862, 2 c. 
 
 Canthareilus ciba'rius (fungus), XII. 72, 1 c 
 (ill.). 
 
 Cantharides [kan-thar'-e-deez], (entomology), 
 III. 726 (ill.). Russian, 1 c. Medical use 
 of, 2 a. Vinegar of cantharides, II. 724, 1 c. 
 
 Can'tharis vesicato'ria, Spanish fly, II. 477, 
 
 2 b; III. 726, 1 a (ill.). C. vittata, potato 
 fly, 1 ab. 
 
 Can'thorus grise'us (ichthyology), III. 240, 2 a. 
 
 Canticles, or Song of Solomon, III. 726. Its 
 canonicity impugned and defended, 2 c. 
 
 Canticum Canticorum: see Canticles. 
 
158 
 
 CANTILLON 
 
 CAPE 
 
 Cantillon, Pierre Joseph [ka ng -te-yo ng ], French 
 soldier, III. 727. 
 
 Canting the anchor, I. 465, 1 c. 
 
 Canting language, the (slang), XY. 85, 2 b. 
 Cantium, ancient district of Britain, III. 727. 
 Cantii, 2 a. 
 
 fjanton, in heraldry, VIII. 672, 2 b. (See 
 plate.) Canton sinister, ib. 
 
 Canton, city of Ohio, III. 727. City of 
 Illinois, 2 a. 
 
 Canton , county seats, IY. 377, 2 be; X. 820, 
 
 1 c; XIY. 540, 2 b; XY. 322, 1 a; XVI. 
 264, 1 b. 
 
 Canton, city of China, III. 727 (ill.). Popula¬ 
 tion, 2 b. New China street, 728, 1 b (ill.). 
 Tankia, 1 c, 2 ab. Boat town, 1 c. Flower 
 boat (ill.), 2 a. Climate, 729, 1 a. Foreign 
 residents, 1 c. Factories or hongs, 2 b. In¬ 
 dustry, ib. History, 730,1 c. Commerce, 2 b. 
 Canton, John, English savant, III. 731. 
 Canton River, China, III. 731. 
 
 Canton's phosphorus, X. 478, 2 a. 
 
 Cants, in a ship, XIY. 862, 2 c. 
 
 Cantu [kan-too'J, town of Italy, III. 731. 
 Cantu, Cesare, Italian historian, poet, and 
 philosopher, III. 731. 
 
 Canturio, ancient town: see Cantu. 
 
 Canura [ka-noo'-ra]: see Cananore. 
 Canu'sium, ancient town: see Canosa. 
 Canute', king of Denmark and of England, III. 
 731; XII. 608, 2 a. Coin of Canute (ill.), 
 III. 732, 1 a; comage, 2 ab. 
 
 Canvas-back, duck, III. 732 (ill., 733). Prin¬ 
 cipal haunts, 2 c. Food, 733, 1 c. Hunting 
 them, 2 b. Toling, 734,1 a. Nests of, first 
 discovered, I. 242, 1 c. 
 
 Caoutchouc [koo-chook'], or India Rubber, 
 III. 734. Trees producing it, 1 c, If (ills.). 
 Preparation of the gum, 735, 2 a. Analysis, 
 736, 1 be. History of its manufacture, 1 c. 
 Goodyear’s inventions, 737, 1 b. Method 
 of vulcanization, 2 be. Washing and com¬ 
 pressing mill (ill.), 738, 1 a. Calender (ill.), 
 
 2 b. Vulcanizing cylinder, 739, 1 b (ill.). 
 Preparation for weaving into fabrics, 2 be. 
 Table of manufactures in the United States, 
 740; imports, ib. Imports into Great Brit¬ 
 ain, 1 c. 
 
 Caoutchouc, mineral, II. 671, 2 c. 
 Caoutchoucine, oily substance from caoutchouc, 
 III. 736, 1 a and b; IY. 187, 1 b. 
 
 Cap of mast, in ships, XIV. 864, 2 be. 
 
 Capacity for heat, VIII. 573, 2 a. 
 
 Cape Agulhas : see Agulhas. 
 
 Cape Ann, Massachusetts, III. 740. 
 
 Cape Bab-el-Mandeb, Arabia, III. 740. 
 
 Cape badger, animal, IX. 138, 1 c. 
 
 Cape Blanco, W. Africa, III. 740. 
 
 Cape Blanco, or Orford, Oregon, III. 740. 
 Cape Boeo [bo-a'-o], Sicily, III. 740. 
 
 Cape Bojador : see Bojador. 
 
 Cape Bon, Tunis, III. 741. 
 
 Cape Breton [brit'-un], island, British Amer¬ 
 ica, III. 741. 
 
 Capece-Lateo, Giuseppe [ka-pa'-cha-la'-tro], 
 Italian prelate and statesman, III. 741. 
 
 Cape Charles, Virginia, III. 742. 
 
 Cape City : see Cape May. 
 
 Cape Clear, Ireland, III. 742. 
 
 Cape Coast Castle, town and fort of Africa, 
 III. 742. 
 
 Cape Cod, Massachusetts, III. 742. 
 
 Cape Colony, British possession in S. Africa, 
 III. 742, and I. 170, 1 b. Inhabitants, III. 
 742, 2 c. Topography, 743, 1 b. Coast, 2 b. 
 Rivers, 2 c. Geology, &c., 744, 1 ab. Climate, 
 
 1 b. Flora, 1 c. Productions, 2 ab. Fauna, 
 
 2 c. Trade, 745, 1 b. Government, 1 c. 
 Religion, 2 b. Education, ib. History, 2 c. 
 
 Cape Com'orin, Hindostan, III. 746 (ill.). 
 
 Town of Cape Comorin, 2 c. 
 
 Cape de Oatte [deh gat]: see Cape Gata. 
 
 Cape dialect: see Hottentots, IX. 9, 2 a. 
 Cape Elizabeth, Maine, III. 746. 
 
 Cape Farewell, Greenland, III. 746. 
 
 Cape Fear, North Carolina, III. 747. Origin 
 of the name, VIII. 249, 2 c. 
 
 Cape Fear River, North Carolina, III. 747. 
 Capefigue, Jean Baptiste Honor6 Raymond 
 [kap-feeg], French historian, III. 747. 
 
 Cape Finisterre [fin-is-tair'J, Spain, III. 747. 
 Battles of, 1 a. 
 
 Cape Florida, coral formation at, II. 72, 1 c. 
 Cape Frangais [fra ng -sa]: see Cape Haytien. 
 Cape Frio [fre'-o], Brazil, Ill. 747. 
 
 Cape Gata [ga'-ta], Spain, III. 747. 
 
 Cape Girardeau [je-rar'-do], county, III. 747. 
 Cape Girardeau, city of Missouri, III. 747. 
 Cape gooseberry, XIII. 481, 1 b. 
 
 Cape Guardafui [gwar-da-fwee'J, E. Africa, 
 III. 747. 
 
 Cape gum, VIII. 320, 2 b. 
 
 Cape Haitien [Fr. a-se-a ng ]: see Cape Haytien. 
 Cape TIat'teras, North Carolina, III. 748. 
 Cape Haytien [ha'-te-en], seaport of Hayti, 
 III. 748. 
 
 Cape IIenlo'pen, Delaware, III. 748. 
 
 Cape Henry, Virginia, III. 748. 
 
CAPE 
 
 CAPITULATION 
 
 159 
 
 Cape Henry , a former name of Cape Ilaytien, 
 III. 748, 1 ab. 
 
 Cape Horn - , South America, III. 748 (ill.). 
 Cape Island, city: see Cape May. 
 
 Capel', Arthur, lord, English royalist, III. 748. 
 
 Arthur, earl of Essex, 2 b. 
 
 Capel, Thomas John, English clergyman, III. 
 748. 
 
 Cape La "Hague [la ag], France, III. 749. Bat¬ 
 tle of Cape La Hogue, 1 ab. 
 
 Cap'elin , fish, XV. 57, 2 b. 
 
 Capell', Edward, English Shakespearian com¬ 
 mentator, III. 749. 
 
 Capel'la, Martianus Mineus Felix, ancient 
 writer, III. 749. 
 
 Capellari , Bartolommeo Alberto [ka-pel-la'-re], 
 (Pope Gregory XVI.), VIII. 245, 1 be. 
 Capello, Bianca, grand duchess of Tuscany, 
 III. 749. 
 
 Cape Lookout', North Carolina, III. 749. 
 
 Cape Matapan', Greece, III. 749. 
 
 Cape May, county, III. 749. 
 
 Cape May, southern extremity of New Jersey, 
 III. 750. Town and bathing place, 1 a. 
 
 Cape Hay Court House, county seat, III. 750,1 a. 
 Cape Nau [now], S. Italy, III. 750. 
 
 Cape Noon: see Cape Nun. 
 
 Cape North, Norway, III. 750. 
 
 Cape Nun [noon], Morocco, III. 750. 
 
 Cape of Good Hope, S. Africa, III. 750. First 
 doubling of the cape, VII. 604, 2 ab (Gama). 
 Cape of Good Hope , colony: see Cape Colony. 
 Cape of Storms, VII. 604, 2 b. 
 
 Cape Orford: see Cape Blanco, Oregon. 
 Cape Ortegal', Spain, III. 750. 
 
 Cape Pal'mas, Liberia, III. 750. 
 
 Cape Peak: see Cape of Good Hope. 
 
 Cape Prince of Wales, North America, III. 
 
 750. 
 
 Caper, condiment, III. 750. Shrub, 1 a (ill.). 
 Cape Race, Newfoundland, III. 750. 
 
 Cape racer , bird, VI. 153, 1 c. 
 
 Capercail'zie : see Grouse, VIII. 270, 2 ab. 
 Cape River, Central America, III. 751. 
 Capernaum [ka-per'-na-um], town of Palestine, 
 III. 751. Ruins of synagogue (ill.). 
 
 Capers, William, American clergyman, III. 751. 
 Caper tree: see Caper, and Hyssop, IX. 139, 
 2 ab. 
 
 Cape Sable, Nova Scotia, III. 751. Florida, 
 2 ab. 
 
 Cape San Lucas, peninsula of California, III. 
 
 751. 
 
 Cape San Roque [san ro'-ka], Brazil, III. 751. 
 
 Cape Spartiven'to, S. Italy, III. 751. 
 
 Cape St. Vincent, Portugal, III. 751. Naval 
 battle, XII. 220, 1 b (Nelson). 
 
 Cape St. Vincent , Viscount: see Napier, Sir 
 Charles, XII. 135, 1 a. 
 
 Capet, Hugh [ka-pa], king of France, III. 751. 
 Capetians, race of French king^ III. 752. 
 Cape Town, capital of Cape Colony, III. 752 
 (view). 
 
 Cape Trafalgar : see Trafalgar. 
 
 Cape Verd, W. Africa, III. 753. 
 
 Cape Verd Islands, Portuguese colony, III. 
 753. 
 
 Cape Vincent, township and port of entry of 
 New York, III. 753. 
 
 Ca'pias, a writ, III. 753. C. ad respondendum, 
 2 ab. C. ad satisfaciendum, 2 b; VII. 26, 
 2 b and be. C. in withernam, III. 753, 2 b. 
 C. utlagatum, ib. See XII. 743, 1 ab; XIV. 
 25, 1 a. 
 
 Capillar'ity: see Barometer, II. 328, 1 a. 
 Cap'illary Action, III. 753. 
 
 Capillary Vessels, III. 753. Capillary plexus 
 or network, 2 c. Movement of blood in 
 them, IV. 608, 2 b. Contraction and dilata¬ 
 tion of, IX. 275, 1 be. 
 
 Capistra'nus, Johannes, Italian monk and 
 saint, III. 754. 
 
 Cap'ita , disciplinary decrees of the council of 
 Trent, V. 423, 2 b. 
 
 Capital , in architecture: Doric, I. 656, 1 c; 
 
 Ionic, 657, 2 a; Corinthian, 2 c. 
 
 Capital Punishment, III. 754. Right of in¬ 
 dividual revenge, 2 ab. Ancient codes, 2 c. 
 English laws, 755, 2 b; American, 2 be. 
 Methods of execution, 2 c. Abolition of capi¬ 
 tal punishment and of torture urged by Bec- 
 caria, II. 437, 1 c ; influence of his views, ib. 
 Capitanata [ka-pe-ta-na'-ta], province: see 
 Foggia. Origin of the name, I. 608, 1 be. 
 Capitol, and Capitoline Hill, in Rome, III. 
 
 756. Modern capitol (ill.), ib. Piazza del 
 Campidoglio, 2 a. 
 
 Capitolare library , of Verona, XVI. 322, 2 e. 
 Cap'itoline Games, III. 757. 
 
 Capitoline Hill: see Capitol, and XIV. 409, 
 1 ab and c; 410, 2 a. 
 
 Capitoli'nus, Julius, Roman historian, III. 757. 
 Capitolinus, Hons: see Capitoline Hill { Index). 
 Capitularies, laws of Frankish kings, III, 
 
 757. First collection of, 2 c. Capitula- 
 ria Regum Francorum, ib. Charlemagne’s 
 edicts, IV. 291, 1 ab; XIII. 665, 2 b. 
 
 Capitulation, in war, III. 757; examples of, 
 
160 
 
 CAPITULATIONS 
 
 CARACALLA 
 
 ib. In German constitutional history, 1 c; 
 YI. 586, 1 b. 
 
 Capitulations, Turkish , relating to foreign ju¬ 
 risdiction, XVI. 58, 1 c; 59, 2 b. 
 
 Capiz [ka-peece'J, town of the Philippines, III. 
 757. 
 
 Capmany y Montpalau, Antonio de [kap-ma'- 
 ne e moant-pa-low'], Spanish writer, III. 758. 
 
 Capnio: see Reuchlin. 
 
 Capno'dium , fungus, YII. 582, 1 b. 
 
 Cap'nomancy: see Divination, YI. 153, 2 c. 
 
 Capobianco [ka-po-byan'-ko], chief of the car¬ 
 bonari, III. 771, 1 b. 
 
 Capocci di Belmonte, Erneste [ka-pot'-che de 
 bel-mon'-ta], Italian astronomer, III. 758. 
 
 Capo d’Isteia [ka'-po dis'-tre-a], town of Aus¬ 
 tria, III. 758. 
 
 Capo d’Isteia, or Capodistrias, a Greek noble 
 family, III. 758. John Anthony, count of, 
 president of Greece, 2 a; referred to, II. 58, 
 2 b. Yiaro, statesman and jurist, III. 758, 
 2 c. Augustine, president, 759, 1 a. 
 
 Capo lazzaro [ka'-po lat'-sa-ro], chief of the 
 lazzaroni, X. 243, 1 a. 
 
 Ca'pon, a gelded cock, IY. 782, 1 c. 
 
 Caponniere [kap-un-neer'; Fr. ka-puh-nyair], 
 in fortification, YII. 332, 2 c. 
 
 Capote', in Albanian costume, I. 244, 2 b. 
 
 Cappado'oia, ancient division of Asia Minor, 
 III. 759. Cappadocia ad Pontum and ad 
 Taurum, 1 be. 
 
 Cap'paris spino'sa (botany), III. 750 (ill.). 
 
 Cappe, Newcome [kap], English clergyman, 
 III. 759. 
 
 Cappel [kap'-pel], Switzerland, battle of, XIY. 
 247, 1 b. See Kappel (Index). 
 
 Cappel [ka-pel], French family of jurists and 
 theologians, III. 759. Guillaume, 2 a. 
 Jacques, 2 ab. Louis the elder, 2 b. Jacques, 
 seigneur du Tilloy, 2 be. Louis the young¬ 
 er, 2 c ; his Critica Sacra, ib. ; controversy 
 with the Buxtorfs on the date of the He¬ 
 brew vowel points, ib. 
 
 Cappo'ni, Gino, marquis, Italian author, III. 
 759. 
 
 Cap'ra (zoology), VIII. 56, 2 ab. C. aogagrus, 
 2 c. C. Jemlahica, 57, 1 a. C. cossus and 
 C. imberbis, 1 b. C. hircus, 1 be (ill.). C. 
 ibex, IX. 142, 2 c (ill., 148). C. jaela, 143, 
 1 b. C. Caucasica, ib. 
 
 Capeaja [ka-pra'-ya], island of Italy, III. 760. 
 
 Capeaea, Giovanni Battista [ka-pra'-ra], Ital¬ 
 ian prelate and statesman, III. 760. 
 
 Capra'via: see Capeaja. 
 
 Cap'rece: see Capei. 
 
 Capre'olus caprce'a (zoology), III. 385, 1 b; 
 XIY. 385, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Capeeea [ka-pra'-ra], island of Italy, III. 760. 
 Capei [ka'-pre], island of Italy, III. 760. Cliffs 
 of, 2 a (ill.). Town, ib. Wine of, IX. 468, 
 2 be. 
 
 Cap'eicobn, constellation, III. 760. Tropic of 
 Capricorn, 761, 1 a. 
 
 Caprimul'gidce (ornithology), VIII. 58, 1 a. 
 Caprimul'gus (ornithology), VIII. 58.1 b; III. 
 
 789, 2 a. C. Europieus, VIII. 58, 1 c. 
 
 Caps, Swedish faction, VIII. 339, 2 a. 
 Capsicine [kap'-se-sin], active principle of cap¬ 
 sicum, III. 761, 2 a. 
 
 Capsicum, genus of plants, III. 761. C. an- 
 nuum, 1 ab (ill.). C. frutescens, 2 a (ill.). 
 Use of, 2 ab. 
 
 Capstan, in a ship, XIY. 863, 2 ab. 
 
 Cap'sule, in botany, III. 761. Parts of, 762, 
 
 1 a. Principal kinds of, ib. (ills.). 
 
 Capsule of Glisson: see Livee, X. 537, 1 ab. 
 Captain, military rank, III. 762. 
 
 Captain Jack, Modoc chief, III. 694, 1 b 
 (Canby) ; XI. 691, 2 a (Modocs). 
 
 “ Captains of liberty ,” YII. 676, 2 c (Genoa). 
 Cap'tenus (entomology), X. 570, 2 b. C. fe- 
 mur-rubrum, 571, 2 a. C. spretus, 2 b. 
 Cap'ua [Ital. ka'-poo-a], city of Italy, III. 762. 
 
 Remains of amphitheatre, 763, 1 a (ill.). 
 Capuche [ka-push], hood, III. 763, 1 b. 
 Capuchins [kap-u-sheens'], religious congrega¬ 
 tion, III. 763, and II. 355, 1 ab. In the 
 United States, III. 763, 2 a. O. Min. Cap., 
 abbreviation, 2 ab. Referred to, XI. 730, 
 
 2 be. 
 
 Ca'put co'li (anatomy), III. 539, 1 c. 
 
 Caput jejunii, Ash Wednesday, X. 343, 2 be. 
 Caput lupinum gerere, a state of outlawry, 
 XII. 742, 2 c. 
 
 Capyba'ea, rodent animal, III. 763 (ill.); 
 XIY. 382, 2 c. 
 
 Caqueta [ka-ka'-ta], river : see Japuea. 
 
 Car, railroad, XIV. 181, 1 be. First passen¬ 
 ger car (ill.), 171, 2 a. Double bogie, 172, 
 
 1 c. Compromise cars, 173, 2 c. Pullman 
 parlor car, 181, 2 be (ill.). Freight cars, 
 182, 1 b. 
 
 Carabine d tige [ka-ra-been a teezh], XIY. 329, 
 
 2 c (ill., 330). 
 
 Caeabo'bo, state of Venezuela, III. 764. 
 Town, 1 c. 
 
 Car'acal, animal (lynx), X. 754, 2 c. 
 Caeacal'la, Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, Ro- 
 
CARACARA 
 
 CxiRCASO 
 
 161 
 
 man emperor, III. 764; I. 271, 1 c. Baths 
 of Caracalla, II. 383, 2 b (plan). 
 
 Caracara, Brazilian eagle, VI. 350, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Caracas [ka-ra'-kass], state of Venezuela, III. 
 764. City and capital, 765, 1 a. 
 
 Caraocioli, Domenico, marquis [ka-rat'-cho- 
 le], Neapolitan statesman, III. 765. Fran¬ 
 cesco, prince, admiral, 2 ab; arrested and ex¬ 
 ecuted, 2 b ; XII. 221, 1 ab. 
 
 Carac'tacus, king of the Silures, III. 765. 
 
 Caradoc, Col., Lord Howden, II. 217, 2 b. 
 
 Carafa de Colobrano, Michele [ka-ra'-fa da 
 ko-lo-bra'-no], Italian composer, III. 765. 
 
 Caraffa, Giovanni Pietro (Pope Paul IV.), 
 XIII. 171, 1 c. 
 
 Ca'raites : see Karaites. Referred to, XIV. 
 514, 2 a. 
 
 Car'alis , ancient town: see Cagliari, III. 
 548, 1 a. 
 
 Carali'tis , II. 479, 1 ab (Begsheher). 
 
 Caral'lis , lake, II. 479, 1 ab (Begsheher). 
 
 Caraman', town of Asia Minor, III. 766. 
 
 Caraman, Count [ka-ra-ma ng ], prince of Chi- 
 may, IV. 436, 1 c. 
 
 Carama'nia, former province of Asia Minor, 
 III. 766. 
 
 Car'amel , burnt sugar, XV. 441, 2 a. 
 
 Carat [kar'-at], imaginary weight, III. 766. 
 
 Caravaggio [ka-ra-vad'-jo], town of Italy, III. 
 766. 
 
 Caravaggio, Michel Angelo Amerighi da, Ital¬ 
 ian painter, III. 766. Polidoro Caldara da, 
 painter, 767, 1 a. 
 
 Caravan' and Caravansary, III. 767. Cara- 
 van-bashi, 1 c. 
 
 Caravel'las, seaport of Brazil, III. 767. 
 
 Car'away, fruit or seeds of carum carui, III. 
 767 (ill., 768). 
 
 Carbazotic Acid : see Picric Acid. 
 
 Carbides [kar'-bids]: see Carburets. 
 
 Car'bine , horseman’s musket, XII. 100, 2 b. 
 
 Carbohy'drates, aliments of plants, XIII. 581, 
 1 c. 
 
 Car'bolates , compounds of carbolic acid, III. 
 768, 2 be. 
 
 Carbol'ic Acid, III. 768. Synonymes of, 1 ab. 
 Carbolic acid paper, 2 c. How distinguished 
 from creosote, 769, 1 b. Method of obtaining 
 it pure, 1 c; crystallized, 2 be. As an antisep¬ 
 tic, I. 571, 2 be; XII. 61,1 be. Production 
 of in the body, I. 524, 1 be. Amount per¬ 
 missible in respired air, XVI. 452, 2 b. 
 
 Car'bon, III. 769. Forms of, 2 c. Volatility 
 at high temperatures, 770, 1 c. Its most 
 11 
 
 valuable qualities, ib. Gas carbon, 1 a, 2 b. 
 Carbon as a conductor in galvanism, VII. 
 591, 1 c. 
 
 Carbon, two counties, III. 770. 
 
 Carbon , bisulphide of: see Carbon Disulphide, 
 and XV. 454, 2 c. 
 
 Carbonari [kar-bo-na'-re], secret political so¬ 
 ciety, III. 771. In Italy, 1 b. In France, 
 2 ab. 
 
 Carbonates, III. 772; IX. 411, 1 be. Car¬ 
 bonate of lime, III. 772, 1 c; X. 479, 1 c. 
 Carbondale, city of Pennsylvania, III. 772. 
 Carbon dioxide , synonyme, III. 775, 1 a. 
 Carbon Disulphide, III. 772; XV. 454, 2 c. 
 Synonymes, III. 772, 2 b. Various uses, 773, 
 
 1 b. Disagreeable effect in illuminating 
 gas, 2 a. Carbon monosulphide and sesqui- 
 sulphide, ib. Sulpho-carbonates, ib. 
 
 Carbonic Acid Gas, III. 773. In badly ven¬ 
 tilated wells and mines, 1 c; how removed, 
 774,1 b. Effect on leaden water pipes, &c., 
 
 2 ab. Solidified by Faraday and by Tliilo- 
 rier, 2 b. Proportion in the atmosphere, 
 773, 2 c; II. 83, 2 be; in expired air, 84, 1 c. 
 
 Carbonic anhydride , synonyme, III. 775, 1 a. 
 Carbonic Oxide, III. 775. Poisonous quality 
 of, 1 c; II. 84, 1 c. 
 
 Carboniferous series , in geology, VII. 697, 1 a; 
 see table, 694. 
 
 Carbonized iron , for gun barrels, VII. 356, 2 c. 
 Carbon monoxide : see Carbonic Oxide. 
 
 Carbon oil acid : see Carbolic Acid. 
 
 Carbon points , VI. 511,1 ab (Electric Light). 
 Carbon prints , in photography, XIII. 472, 2 c. 
 Carbon process, in photography, XIII. 471, 2 be. 
 Carboy, large bottle for acids, III. 145, 1 c. 
 Car'buncle, swelling and ulceration, III. 775. 
 Malignant carbuncle, XII. 60, 1 ab; XIV. 
 98, 1 ab. 
 
 Carbuncle, precious stone, III. 775; XIV. 
 626, 2 be. 
 
 Carbun'cular fever, XII. 60, 1 be. 
 
 Carbunculus: see Carbuncle, precious stone. 
 Carburet of sulphur, synonyme, III. 772, 2 b. 
 Carburets, III. 775. 
 
 Carburetted Hydrogen, III. 775. Light car- 
 buretted hydrogen, 776, 1 a. Olefiant gas, 
 1 be. 
 
 Carbu'ris, Marino, count, Greek engineer, III? 
 
 776. i 
 
 Caroajente [kar-ka- k hain'-ta], town of Spain, 
 III. 776. 
 
 Car'cajou, animal, VIII. 47, 1 a (Glutton). 
 Carca'so, ancient town: see Carcassonne. 
 
162 
 
 CARCASSONNE 
 
 CARIBOU 
 
 Carcassonne [kar-kas-sun], city of France, III. 
 776 (ill.). 
 
 Carcel lamp, X. 129, 2 a; YII. 488, 2 b. 
 
 Carchari' adce (ichthyology), XIY. 827, 1 be. 
 
 Carcha’rias (ichthyology), XIY. 827, 1 c. C. 
 vulgaris, 2 a (ill.). C. glaucus, 2 c. C. ob- 
 scurus, 828, 1 ab. C. cmruleus, 1 b. C. At- 
 woodi, ib. 
 
 Car'cinoids, crustaceans, YI. 663, 2 a. 
 
 Carci'nus mce'nas , crustacean, Y. 449, 2 c. 
 
 Car'damom, aromatic seeds, III. 777. Plants, 
 ib., ff. (ills.). Referred to, YIII. 145, 1 a. 
 
 Cardan, Jerome, Italian scholar and physician, 
 III. 777; I. 301, 2 c. Formula of Cardan, I. 
 302, 1 a. Asserts the possibility of instruct¬ 
 ing the deaf and dumb, Y. 730, 2 a. Re¬ 
 ferred to, YI. 439, 1 be. 
 
 Car'denas, city of Cuba, III. 778. The “ Amer¬ 
 ican city,” 2 a. 
 
 Card-end , in cotton manufacture, Y. 413, 2 c. 
 
 Carder bee , II. 458, 1 ab. 
 
 Car'di, Ludovico, Florentine painter, III. 778. 
 
 Cardia , orifice in the stomach, I. 317, 2 c. 
 
 Cardiac dropsy, YI. 266, 1 c. 
 
 Cardiff, town of Wales, III. 778; view, 779. 
 
 Cardigan, seaport of Wales, III. 779. Castle 
 of Cardigan, 1 b. 
 
 Cardigan, James Thomas Brudenell, earl of, 
 British general, III. 779. Leader of the 
 “ death charge ” at Balaklava, 2 b, and II. 
 231, 2 c. 
 
 Cardiganshire, county of Wales, III. 779. 
 
 Cardinal, ecclesiastical title, III. 780. Classes 
 of cardinals, 1 b. 
 
 Cardinal Bird, III. 780 (ill.). 
 
 Cardinal flower, X. 558, 2 a. 
 
 Cardinal grosbealc: see Cardinal Bird. 
 
 Cardinalis Virginianus (ornithology), III. 780, 
 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Cardinal Yirtijes, III. 781. 
 
 Carding, of cotton, Y. 413, 2 b; of flax, YII. 
 265, 1 b; of wool, XYI. 718, 2 c. 
 
 Carding machine, invention and improvement 
 of, III. 781, 2 ab. Its operation, Y. 413, 
 2 b. 
 
 Cardington house, alluded to, II. 449, 2 c. 
 
 Carditis, heart disease, YIII. 562, 2 a. 
 
 Car'dium, mollusk, IY. 788, 1 b. C. edule, 
 1 c (ill.). C. aculeatum, 2 a. C. Islandi- 
 cum, ib. 
 
 Cardross, town of Scotland, III. 781. Castle 
 hill, 1 be. 
 
 Cards, in cloth manufacture, III. 781. In¬ 
 vention of cylinder cards and the carding 
 
 machine, 2 ab. Whittemore’s machine for 
 making cards, 2 be; its operation, ib. 
 
 Cards, Manufacture of, III. 782. 
 
 Cards, Playing, III. 782. Hindoo cards, 2 b 
 (ill.). Chinese cards, 2 c (ill.). Old Ger¬ 
 man cards, 783, 1 b (ill.). Origin of the 
 marks on cards, 2 a. Modern pack, 2 be. 
 
 Carduchi [kar-du'-ke], ancient warlike tribe, 
 III. 783. 
 
 Cardue'lis spi'nus (ornithology), III. 692,1 be. 
 C. communis, ib. 
 
 Car'duus (botany), XY. 712, 2 a. 
 
 Cardwell, Edward, English clergyman, III. 
 784. Edward, statesman, 1 ab. 
 
 Careme, Marie Antoine [ka-raim], French 
 cook, III. 784. 
 
 Cares [kar], his process of stereotyping, XIII. 
 850, 1 c. 
 
 Carew', Thomas, English poet, III. 784. 
 
 Ca'rex (botany), XIY. 747, 1 c. C. umbellata 
 (ill.), 2 a. C. striata, 748, 1 a. C. arenaria, 
 ib. C. sylvatica, ib. 
 
 Ca'rey, Henry, English poet and musician, 
 III. 784. Reputed author of u God Save the 
 King,” 2 ab. George Saville, dramatic poet, 
 2 b. 
 
 Carey, Henry Charles, American political 
 economist, III. 784. Principles of political 
 economy, 2 be; XIII. 675, 1 c, ff.; XYI. 
 201, 2 c. On money, XI. 735, 2 c. 
 
 Carey, Mathew, American publisher and au¬ 
 thor, III. 785. His “ Olive Branch,” 2 be ; 
 “ New Olive Branch,” 2 c. Yiews on politi¬ 
 cal economy, ib. ; XIII. 675, 1 b. 
 
 Carey, William, English missionary and orien¬ 
 tal scholar, III. 786; XI. 641, 2 be, 646, 2 b. 
 
 Carfax, locality in Oxford, XII. 762, 2 a. 
 
 Carfou, a form of curfew, Y. 582, 1 c. 
 
 Cargill, Donald [kar'-ghil], Scotch Covenanter 
 and leader of the Cameronians, III. 786. 
 Wounded at Both well Bridge, 1 c. San¬ 
 quhar declaration, 2 a. 
 
 Carheil, Etienne de [kar- ail], Jesuit mission¬ 
 ary in Canada, III. 786. 
 
 Ca'ria, ancient country of Asia Minor, III. 786. 
 
 Cari'acus (zoology), Y. 758, 2 c. C. Yirgini- 
 anus, ib. (ill., 759). C. nemoralis, &c., 760, 
 
 1 a. C. Richardsonii, 1 be (ill.). C. Mexi- 
 canus, ib. ; III. 385,1 be. C. leucurus, Y. 760, 
 
 2 a. C. macrotis, 2 b (ill.); III. 385, 1 be. 
 
 Caribbean Sea, III. 787. 
 
 Ca'ribbee Islands: see Antilles, and West 
 Indies. 
 
 Caribou [kar-e-boo'j, American reindeer, III. 
 
CARIBOUS 
 
 CARLYLE 
 
 163 
 
 787 (ill.). Woodland caribou, 1 ab, c, 2 c. 
 Barren ground caribou, 1 ab, 2 c. 
 
 Caribous , tribe in Alaska, IX. 787, 2 c. 
 Ca'ribs, Indian nation, III. 788; XYI. 566, 
 2 c. 
 
 Ca'rica (botany), III. 788. C. digitata or spi- 
 nosa, 2 a (ill.). C. papaya, ib. ; XIII. 44, 
 2 c (ill., 45). 
 
 Caries [ka'-re-eez], inflammation of bone, III. 
 
 788. Distinguished from necrosis, 2 b. 
 Causes of, and treatment, 2 be. 
 
 Carignan [Fr. ka-re-nya ng ]: see Carignano. 
 Carignano [ka-re-nya'-no], town of Italy, III. 
 
 789. 
 
 Carillon , Fort [ka-re-lyo ng ]: see Ticonderoga. 
 Carillons: see Chimes, IV. 437, 1 ab. 
 
 Carina'ria, mollusk, XI. 722, 2 a; XII. 531, 
 
 1 a (ill., 530). 
 
 Carini [k&-re'-ne], town of Sicily, III. 789. 
 Carin'thia, duchy of Austria, III. 789. 
 Cari'ntjs, Marcus Aurelius, Roman emperor, 
 III. 789. 
 
 Caripe [k&-re'-pa], town of Venezuela, III. 789. 
 
 Cavern inhabited by birds, 2 a. 
 Ca'risbrooke, village of England, HI. 789. 
 Carisbrooke castle, 2 b (ill.). Charles I. con¬ 
 fined in it, 2 c. 
 
 Carissimi, Giovanni Giacomo [ka-ris'-se-me], 
 Italian composer, III. 790. 
 
 Carizmians , tribe of: see Kharesm, IX. 818, 
 
 2 b. 
 
 Carl Benson , nom de plume, III. 291, 2 ab. 
 Carlee', village of Hindostan, III. 790. Bud¬ 
 dhist cave temple, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Careen - , Emilia Schmidt Flygare [kar-lain'], 
 Swedish novelist, III. 790. 
 
 Carleton [karl'-tun], two counties, III. 790. 
 Carleton, Sir Guy, Lord Dorchester, British 
 general, III. 791. 
 
 Carleton, William, Irish novelist, III. 791. 
 Carli, Dionigi [kar'-le], Italian missionary, III. 
 
 791. 
 
 Carli, Giovanni Rinaldo, count, Italian econo¬ 
 mist and antiquary, III. 791. 
 
 Carlings , food for Lent, X. 344, 2 a. 
 
 Carlino [kar-le'-no], (Carlo Antonio Berti- 
 nazzi), Italian pantomimist, III. 791. 
 Carlinmlle , county seat, X. 805, 2 ab. 
 Carli-Rubbi [-roob'-be]: see Carli, G. R. 
 Carlisle [kar-lile'], borough of Pennsylvania, 
 III. 791. Carlisle sulphur springs, 2 c. 
 Carlisle, county seat, XII. 429, 1 be. 
 
 Carlisle, city of England, III. 791. Castle, 
 
 792, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Carlisle, Sir Anthony, English surgeon and 
 physiologist, III. 792. 
 
 Carlisle, Frederick Howard, earl of, English 
 statesman, III. 792. George William Fred¬ 
 erick (Lord Morpeth), earl of, 2 a. Lord 
 William Howard, earl of, clergyman, 2 be. 
 Carlists, adherents of Don Carlos, insurrec¬ 
 tion of, IX. 423, 1 b; XV. 214, 2 be ; 216, 
 2 ab, ff.; VI. 740, 1 a. 
 
 Carlos, Don [kar'-loce], crown prince of Spain, 
 III. 792. Pretenders to the crown of Spain: 
 Carlos Maria Isidor, 793, 1 a; Carlos Luis 
 Maria Fernando, count of Montemolin, 1 c; 
 Carlos Juan Maria Isidor, 2 a; Carlos Maria 
 Juan Isidor, the present pretender, ib. Don 
 Alfonso, his brother and supporter, ib. See 
 Spain, XV. 214, 2 ab, ff. 
 
 Carlovingian architecture, I. 662, 2 a. 
 Carlovingian cycle, of chivalric romances, IV. 
 292, 1 b. 
 
 Carlovingians, imperial and royal family, 
 III. 793; VII. 752, 2 b. Carlovingian em¬ 
 perors, III. 793, 1 b, c; kings of Germany, 
 
 1 c ; of France, 794, 1 a ; of Italy, 1 ab. 
 Car'lovitz, town of Austria, III. 794. Treaty 
 
 of, 1 c; XV. 104, 2 c. 
 
 Carlow, county of Ireland, III. 794. Town, 
 
 2 ab. 
 
 Carls'bad [Ger. karls'-bat], town of Bohemia, 
 III. 794. Origin of the name, 2 be. Springs, 
 ib. Congress of the German powers, 2 c; 
 its decrees against political unions among 
 university students, 795, 1 a. 
 
 Carlsbitrg [karls'-boorg], town of Transylva¬ 
 nia, III. 795. 
 
 Carlscrona [karls'-kroo-na], seaport of Swe¬ 
 den, III. 795. 
 
 Carlshamn [karls'-ham], seaport of Sweden, 
 III. 795. 
 
 Carlson, Fredrik Ferdinand, Swedish histo¬ 
 rian, III. 795. 
 
 Carlsruhe [karls'-roo-Sh], capital of Baden, 
 III. 795. Mew theatre, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Carlstad [karl'-stat], town of Sweden, III. 796. 
 Carlstadt, town of Croatia: sea Karlstadt. 
 Carlstadt, Andreas, German reformer, III. 
 796; I. 17, 1 b. Carlstadtians, or Sacra- 
 mentarians, III. 796, 2 b. 
 
 Carl Sunday, in Lent, X. 344, 2 a. 
 
 Carlton, county, III. 796. 
 
 Carludovi'ca palma'ta (botany), XV. 413, 2 c. 
 Carlyle, county seat, IV. 685, 2 b. 
 
 Carlyle', Joseph Dacre, English oriental schol¬ 
 ar, III. 796. 
 
164 
 
 CARLYLE 
 
 CARON 
 
 Carlyle, Thomas, British author, III. 796. 
 “Sartor Resartus,” analysis of, 797, 2 ah. 
 Change of style, 2 be. Characterization, 
 798, 2 a. Prussian order conferred upon 
 him, XI. 135, 2 a. 
 
 Carmagnola [kar-ma-nyo'-la], town of Italy, 
 III. 799. 
 
 Carmagnola, Francesco, Italian condottiere, 
 III. 799. 
 
 Carmagnole [kar-ma-nyul], French revolu¬ 
 tionary song and dance, III. 799. 
 Carmarthen, town of Wales, III. 799. 
 Carmarthenshire, county of Wales, III. 799. 
 Carmel , county seat, XIY. 99, 1 c. 
 
 Carmel, Mount, Palestine, III. 799. 
 
 Carmelite nuns , founder of the order, II. 586, 
 
 1 c. 
 
 Carmelites, order of friars, III. 799. Female 
 branch, 800, 1 b; in France, II. 586, 1 c. 
 Discalced Carmelites, III. 800, 1 b. Car¬ 
 melites in the United States, 1 c. Con¬ 
 vents of Carmelite nuns, ib. Scapular of 
 our Lady of Mount Carmel, ib. ; XIV. 663, 
 
 2 ab. See Monachism, XI. 730, 1 be. 
 
 Car'men Scecula're , I. 586, 2 a. 
 
 Carmi , county seat, XYI. 602, 2 c. 
 
 Carmine, III. 800. Carmine lake, 2 a. Dis¬ 
 covery of, 2 ab. Preparation of, 2 b. 
 
 Carmo, ancient town: see Carmona. 
 Carmo'na, city of Spain, IY. 5 (ill.). 
 Carmontel: see Carmontelle. 
 
 Carmontelle [kar-mo ng -tSl], French playwright 
 and artist, IY. 5. 
 
 Carnac, town of Brittany, IY. 6. Celtic or 
 druidical monument, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Carnallite, mineral, X. 852,1 c ; XIII. 757,1 a; 
 759, 2 c. 
 
 Carnar'von, town of Wales, IY. 6. Carnar¬ 
 von castle, 7, 1 a (ill., 6). 
 
 Carnarvonshire, county of Wales, IY. 7. 
 Carnassiers [kar-nas-se-a], Cuvier’s zoological 
 order of, IY. 12, 1 a. 
 
 Carnata [kar-na'-ta], former Hindoo kingdom, 
 IY. 7, 1 c. 
 
 Carnat'ic, province of British India, IY. 7; 
 IX. 201, 2 a. 
 
 Carnation pink, XIII. 531, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Carne, Louis Marcein, count de [duh kar-na], 
 French author, IY. 7. Louis de, explorer, 2 b. 
 Carneades [kar-ne'-a-deez], Greek philoso¬ 
 pher, IY. 7. Substance of his philosophy, 
 8, 1 a. Attempted proof of the non-exist¬ 
 ence of God, 1 b. See Philosophy, XIII. 
 438, 2 ab. 
 
 Carneia [kar-ne'-ya], Spartan festival, IY. 8. 
 
 Carnelian [kar-ne'-lyan], mineral, IV. 8. 
 
 Carnesville, county seat, VII. 433, 2 b. 
 
 Carni , Italic race, IX. 439, 1 a. 
 
 Carnicer, Kamon [kar-ne-thair'J, Spanish com¬ 
 poser, IY. 8. 
 
 Carnio'la, duchy of Austria, IY. 9. 
 
 Car'nival, festival, IY. 9. 
 
 Car'ni va'le (farewell to flesh), origin of the 
 word carnival, IY. 9, 1 c. 
 
 Carniv'ora, order of mammals, IY. 10. Geo¬ 
 graphical distribution, 12, 1 a. Classification 
 of Cuvier, 1 ab; of Agassiz, 1 b; of Owen, ib. 
 
 Carnochan, John Murray [kar'-no-kan], Amer¬ 
 ican surgeon, IY. 12. 
 
 Carnot, Lazare Nicolas Marguerite [kar-no], 
 French statesman and tactician, IY. 12. His 
 “Geometry of Position” and “Theory of 
 Transversals,” VII. 702,1 b. Law of Carnot 
 (Sady, his son, d. 1832): see Heat, YIII. 579,2 
 ab.—LazareHippolyte, statesman, IY. 13,2 b. 
 
 Carnun'tum, ancient town of Pannonia, IY. 14. 
 
 Carnu'tum Civ'itas , ancient town: see Char¬ 
 tres, IY. 325, 1 b. 
 
 Carob bean , Y. 616, 2 b. 
 
 Carolan, Turlough, Irish bard, IY. 14. 
 
 Carolina: see North Carolina, and South 
 Carolina. First settled, XII. 495, 2 a; XYI. 
 151, 2 c. Origin of the name, ib. Constitu¬ 
 tion by Locke, X. 566, 2 b; XII. 495, 2 b. 
 Divided into North and South, XYI. 152,1 a. 
 
 Carolina criminalis , statutes of Charles V., Y. 
 9, 2 a. 
 
 Carolina laurel cherry , X. 209, 1 a. 
 
 Carolina Maria, queen of Naples, IY. 14. 
 
 Carolina parrot, XIII. 125, 2 c. 
 
 Carolina red bay, tree, X. 209, 1 ab. 
 
 Carolina sisters, the: see Monster, XI. 765, 
 2 ab. 
 
 Carolina tit, bird, II. 676, 2 be. 
 
 Caroline, two counties, IY. 14. 
 
 Caroline, steamer, destruction of, X. 801, 2 b. 
 
 Caroline Amelia Augusta, queen of England, 
 IY. 14. See George IY., VII. 709, 2 c, 710, 
 1 c ; Bergami, II. 554. 
 
 Caroline Islands, or New Philippines, IY. 15. 
 
 Caroline Matilda, queen of Denmark, IY. 15. 
 
 Carolingians : see Carlovingians. 
 
 Carolop’olis, mediaeval town: see Charleville. 
 
 Car'om, in billiard playing, II. 642, 1 b, 2 a. 
 Carom table, 641, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Caron, Franciscus, Dutch navigator, IY. 15. 
 
 Caron, Pierre Augustin [ka-ro U6 ]: see Beau¬ 
 marchais. 
 
CARON 
 
 CARRINGTON’S 
 
 165 
 
 Caron, Rene Edouard, Canadian jurist and 
 statesman, IV. 16. 
 
 Caroor', town of British India, IV. 16. 
 
 Carouge [ka-roozh], town of Switzerland, IV. 
 16. 
 
 CarovIs, Friedrich Wilhelm [ka-ro-va'J, German 
 philosopher and publicist, IV. 16. 
 
 Carp, fish, IV. 16 (ill.). Gold fish (golden carp), 
 17, 1 a. Crucian carp, ib. 
 
 Carpaccio, Vittore [kar-pat'-clio], Venetian 
 painter, IV. 17. 
 
 Carpadu'cus (ornithology), VII. 193, 1 c. C. 
 purpureus, ib. (ill.). C. Californicus and C. 
 Cassinii, 2 b. 
 
 Carpje'a, ancient dance, IV. 17. 
 
 Carpani, Giuseppe [kar-pa'-ne], Italian drama¬ 
 tist and writer on music, IV. 17. 
 
 Carpathian Mountains, IV. 17. 
 
 Car'pathus : see Scarpanto. 
 
 Carp bream , fish, III. 240, 2 a. 
 
 Carpeaux, Jean Baptiste [kar-po], French 
 sculptor, IV. 18. (Died 1875.) 
 
 Carpel , in botany, XIII. 587, 2 a. 
 
 Carpentaria, Gulf of, Australia, IV. 18. 
 
 Carpenter, Lant, English clergyman and au¬ 
 thor, IV. 18. 
 
 Carpenter, William Benjamin, English physi¬ 
 ologist, IV. 18. Description of the epider¬ 
 mis, V. 191, 2 b. Views on animal magnet¬ 
 ism, I. 527,1 he. Sea dredgings, IV. 19,1 c; 
 referred to, II. 78, 1 ab, 391, 1 a. 
 
 Carpenter bees , II. 458, 2 be (ill.). 
 
 Carpenter moth , referred to, IV. 107, 1 ab. 
 
 Carpenters ’ hall , Philadelphia, XIII. 392, 2 a; 
 XVI. 155, 2 b. 
 
 Carpentorae'te , ancient town: see Carpen- 
 
 TEAS. 
 
 Carpentras [kar-paV-tra], city of France, IV. 
 19. 
 
 Carpet, IV. 19. Ancient carpets, 2 c. Per¬ 
 sian, 20, 1 a. Kidderminster or ingrain, 2 a. 
 Three-ply, 2 ab; Bigelow’s power loom for, 
 2 b. Brussels, 21, 2 b. Wilton (moquette), 
 2 c. Imperial Brussels, ib. Venetian, 22, 
 1 ab. Patent wool mosaic, 1 b. Exports 
 from Great Britain, 1 be. 
 
 Carpi [kar'-pe], town of Modena, Italy, IV. 
 22. Of Verona, 2 a. 
 
 Carpi, Ugo da, Italian painter and engraver, 
 IV. 22. 
 
 Carpini, Giovanni di Piano [kar-pe'-ne], Italian 
 monk and traveller, IV. 22. 
 
 Caepino, town of S. Italy, IV. 22. 
 
 Carpi'nus (botany), VIII. 819, 1 b. C. Ameri¬ 
 
 cana, ib. C. betulus, 2 a (ill.). C. orien¬ 
 tals, 2 b. 
 
 Carpo , one of the Horae, VIII. 816, 1 c. 
 Carpocapsa pomonella (entomology), XI. 870, 
 1 be. 
 
 Carpocras : see Carpocrates. 
 
 Carpocrates [kar-pok'-ra-teez], Alexandrian 
 theologian, IV. 22. Gnostic school of, VIII. 
 54, 1 a, 2 be; XV. 139, 2 c. 
 
 Carpocratians , sect, VIII. 54, 1 a, 2 be; XV. 
 139, 2 c. 
 
 Carpoph'aga (ornithology), XIII. 505, 2 a. C. 
 
 oenea, 2 b (ill.); XII. 543, 1 c. 
 
 Carpozy'ma apicula'ta , alcoholic ferment, XVI. 
 776, 2 b. 
 
 Carpzov [Ger. karp'-tsofe], family of learned 
 Germans, IV. 23. 
 
 Carr, Dabney, American patriot, IV. 23. 
 Carr, Sir Robert, British commissioner in New 
 England, IV. 23. 
 
 Carr , Robert , earl of Somerset: see Ovee- 
 burt, XII. 746, 1 b. 
 
 Carracci, Ludovico [kar-rat'-che], Italian 
 painter, IV. 23. Agostino, 2 c. Annibale, 
 
 24, 1 a. Francesco, 1 c. 
 
 Carrageen [kar'-ra-gheen], or Irish Moss, IV. 
 25; I. 299, 2 b. 
 
 Carranza, Bartolome de [kar-ran'-tha], Span¬ 
 ish prelate, IV. 24. 
 
 Carrara [kar-ra'-ra], city of Italy, IV. 24. 
 
 Academy of sculpture, 2 b. 
 
 Carrara Marble, IV. 24. How Parian differs 
 from it, 2 b. Varieties of, 2 c. Analysis of, 
 
 25, 1 a. 
 
 Carre, Michel [ka-ra], French dramatist, IV. 25. 
 Carrel, Nicolas Armand [ka-r&l], French jour¬ 
 nalist, IV. 25. 
 
 CaereNo de Miranda, Juan [kar-ra'-nyo da 
 me-ran'-da], Spanish painter, IV. 25. 
 Carrera, Rafael [kar-ra'-ra], president of Gua¬ 
 temala, IV. 25 ; I. 372, 2 a. 
 
 Carret'to, Francesco Saverio, marquis of, Nea¬ 
 politan minister of police, IV. 26. 
 Carrickfer'gus, seaport of Ireland, IV. 26. 
 
 Carrickfergus castle, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Carrier, Jean Baptiste [ka-re-a], French revo¬ 
 lutionist, IV. 26. 
 
 Carrieee, Moritz [kS-re-air'], German philos¬ 
 opher, IV. 27. 
 
 Carrier Pigeon, IV. 27 (ill.). Training of, 28, 
 1 a, c. Use of during the siege of Paris, I. 
 149, 1 a. 
 
 Carrigaline', parish of Ireland, IV. 28. 
 Carrington's observations , on the sun’s rota- 
 
166 
 
 CARRION 
 
 CARTONAGE 
 
 tions, XY. 471, 2 b; on the sun’s spots, 
 474, 2 a. 
 
 Carrion bird (Canada jay), IX. 580, 1 a. 
 
 Carrion crow , XVI. 413, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Carrion flower, XV. 113, 2 c. 
 
 Carrizo [kar-re'-so], county seat, XVI. 800, 2 be. 
 
 Carro, Jean de, German physician, IV. 28. 
 
 Carrol, Susanna: see Centlivre, IV. 204, 1 b. 
 
 Carroll, name of fourteen counties, IV. 28. 
 
 Carroll, Charles, of Carrollton, American pa¬ 
 triot, IV. 30. 
 
 Carroll, John, American prelate, IV. 31. 
 
 Carroll, William, American general, duel with 
 Jesse Benton, IX. 488, 2 a. 
 
 Carrollton, county seats, IV. 29, 1 c, 2 a, 2 b; 
 30, 1 b, 2 a, 2 b; VIII. 228, 2 b; XIII. 497, 
 1 b. 
 
 Carrollton, town of Louisiana, XII. J21, 2 a; 
 325, 2 c; 328, 2 be. 
 
 Careon, river of Scotland, IV. 31. 
 
 Carron, Franciscus: see Caron. 
 
 Carronades, kind of cannon, XII. 185, 1 c. 
 Origin of the name, IV. 31, 2 ab. 
 
 Carron oil, X. 513, 2 be. 
 
 Carrot, plant, IV. 31. Cultivation of, 2 b, ff. 
 
 Carroted slcins: see Hat, VIII. 510, 2 c. 
 
 Carrousel, Place du [plas dii kar-roo-zel], pal¬ 
 ace court, Paris, XIII. 79, 2 c. * 
 
 Carrucci, Jacopo [kar-root'-che]: see Pontor¬ 
 mo, II. 
 
 Carson, Christopher (Kit Carson), American 
 trapper and soldier, IV. 32. 
 
 Carson City, capital of Nevada, IV. 32. 
 
 Carstairs, or Carstares, William, Scottish di¬ 
 vine, IV. 32. Charged with complicity in the 
 Rye House plot, and put to the torture, 2 c. 
 
 Carstens, Asmus Jakob, German painter, IV. 
 33. 
 
 Cartage'na [Sp. kar-ta- k ha'-na], seaport of 
 Spain, IV. 33 (view). 
 
 Cartagena, city of Colombia, IV. 33 ; view, 34. 
 
 Cartago [kar-ta'-go], city of Colombia, IV. 34. 
 
 Cartago, town of Costa Rica, IV. 34. 
 
 Cartaph' ilus, the wandering Jew, XVI. 446, 
 1 be. 
 
 Carte, Thomas, English scholar, IV. 34. 
 
 Carte, in fencing, VII. 120, 2 b. 
 
 Carter, name of three counties, IV. 35. 
 
 Carter, Elizabeth, English authoress, IV. 35. 
 
 Car'teret, county, IV. 35. 
 
 Carteret, Sir George, proprietary of New Jer¬ 
 sey, XII. 311, 1 a; XVI. 151, 2 a. 
 
 Carteret, John: see Granville, VIII. 162, 1 c. 
 
 Carteret, Philip, English navigator, IV. 35. 
 
 Carteret, Philip, governor of New Jersey, 
 XII. 311, 1 ab. 
 
 Cartersville, county seat, II. 353, 1 b. 
 
 Cartesian philosophy: see Descartes, VI. 37, 
 2 a; Philosophy, 441, 1 a. 
 
 Cartesius : see Descartes. 
 
 Carthage, ancient city and state of Africa. 
 IV. 35. Early history, 2 b. Possessions, 36, 
 1 c. Trade, 2 b; with Britain, III. 294, 1 a. 
 Political constitution, IV. 36, 2 be. Lam 
 guage, &c., 37, 1 ab. Description of the 
 city, 1 c. Carthaginian cistern (ill.), 2 a. 
 Religion, 2 be. History, 38, 1 a. Sicilian 
 wars, 1 ab ; I. 208, 1 ab; VIII. 412, 2 ab; 
 XI. 418, 1 be; XV. 22, 1 c; 542, 2 be, 543, 
 
 1 a. Wars in Spain, XV. 210, 1 be. (See 
 Hamilcar and Hasdrubal.) First Punic 
 war, IV. 38, 2 b ; second, 2 c ; third, 39, 1 b. 
 Destruction of Carthage : see Conflagra¬ 
 tion, V. 235, 1 a. 
 
 Carthage, ruined aqueduct of, I. 611, 2 b (ill.). 
 Great conference of, VI. 208, 2 c. Council 
 at: see Cyprian, V. 615, 1 be. 
 
 Carthage, county seats, VIII. 435,1 a; IX. 571, 
 
 2 b; X. 268, la; XI. 801, 2 a; XIII. 38, 
 2c; XV. 115, 1 b. 
 
 Carthagena : see Cartagena. 
 
 Carthago : see Carthage. 
 
 Carthago Nova: see Cartagena, Spain. 
 Cartham'ic acid, XIV. 516, 2 b. 
 
 Carthamine [kar'-tha-min]: see Safflower, 
 XIV. 516, 2 b. 
 
 Carthamus (botany), XIV. 516, 1 c. C. tine- 
 torius, 1 b (ill.). Preparation of rouge from 
 its leaves, 449, 1 b. 
 
 Cartheuser, Johann Friedrich [kart'-hoi-zer], 
 German physician and naturalist, IV. 39. 
 Carthtj'sians, branch of the Benedictines, IV. 
 39; XI. 730, 1 b. Carthusian monk (ill.), 
 IV. 40, 1 a. Origin of the name, 39, 1 c; 
 III. 360, 2 b. 
 
 Cartier, Sir George Etienne [kar-tya], Cana¬ 
 dian statesman, IV. 40. His ministry re¬ 
 ferred to, VII. 585, 1 b. 
 
 Cartier, Jacques, French navigator, IV. 40. 
 Cartilage (anatomy), IV. 41. Temporary 
 cartilages, 2 c. Permanent, articular, and 
 membraniform, ib. Substance and cells of 
 cartilage, 42, 1 a (ill.). Fibro-cartilage, 2 c. 
 Cartilages, cuneiform, or cartilages of Wris- 
 berg, XVI. 738, 1 a. 
 
 Cartisman'dua, queen of the Brigantes, III. 
 765, 2 be. 
 
 Cartonage, mummy case, XII. 38, 2 a. 
 
CARTONPIERRE 
 
 CASCADES 
 
 1G7 
 
 Cartonpicrre ornaments [kar-to ng -pyair] : see 
 Papier Mach6, XIII. 54, 1 c. 
 
 Cartoon ', in fresco painting, VII. 482, 2 a. 
 
 Cartoons of Raphael, ib. ; XIV. 206, 2 be. 
 Cartouche, Louis Dominique [kar-toosh], 
 French robber, IV. 43. 
 
 Cartridges , metallic, I. 429, 1 c; paper, first 
 introduced, 747, 1 b. 
 
 Cartwright, Edmund, English clergyman and 
 inventor, IV. 43. 
 
 Cartwright, John, English political reformer, 
 IV. 43. 
 
 Cartwright, Peter, American clergyman, IV. 
 
 44. 
 
 Cartwright, Thomas, English Puritan divine, 
 IV. 44. 
 
 Ca'rum ca'rui (botany), III. 767. 
 
 Carum petroseWnum (botany), XIII. 129, 2 b 
 
 (m.). 
 
 CarIipano [ka-roo'-pa-no], town of Venezuela, 
 IV. 44. 
 
 Carus, Karl Gustav [ka'-roos], German phy¬ 
 sician and naturalist, IV. 44. His classifica¬ 
 tion of birds, XII. 707, 1 c; of mammals, 
 XI. 80, 2 c; of reptiles, VIII. 693, 2 ab. 
 Anatomical theory of the skeleton, XIII. 
 424, 1 a; V. 186, 1 b. 
 
 Ca'rus, Marcus Aurelius, Roman emperor, 
 IV. 45. 
 
 Carus, Victor Julius, German zoologist, IV. 
 
 45. Friedrich August, philosopher, 1 b. 
 Ernst August, professor of surgery, ib. 
 
 Carusbur , mediaeval town: see Cherbourg. 
 Carvajal [kar-va- k hal'j, two brothers, legend 
 of, VII. 136, 1 a. 
 
 Carvajal, Tomas Jos6 Gonzales, Spanish au¬ 
 thor, IV. 45. 
 
 Carvalho e Mello [kar-va'-lyo a mel'-lo] : see 
 POMBAL. 
 
 Carver, county, IV. 45. 
 
 Carver, John, governor of Plymouth colony, 
 IV. 45. 
 
 Carver, Jonathan, American traveller, IV. 45. 
 Carvin [kar-va ng ], town of France, IV. 45. 
 Carving machine , inventor of, II. 108, 2 c. 
 Ca'ry, Alice, American author, IV. 45. Phoebe, 
 poetess, 46, 1 b. 
 
 Cary, Archibald, American patriot (“ Old 
 Iron”), IV. 46. 
 
 Cary, Henry Francis, English clergyman and 
 writer, IV. 46. 
 
 Cary, Lott, one of the founders of Liberia, 
 IV. 47. 
 
 Cary , Thomas £., scientific collector, 1.177,1 b. 
 
 Ca'ry a (botany), VIII. 715, 1 c. C. amara, 
 2 be. C. porcina, 2 c. C. microcarpa, 716, 
 
 1 a. C. tomentosa, 1 b (ills.). C. alba, 2 a. 
 C. sulcata, 2 b. C. olivseformis, ib. ; XIII. 
 220, 2 b (ill., 221). C. myristicseformis, ib. 
 
 Caryat'ic figures , Egyptian, I. 654, 2 b, 655, 
 
 2 c. 
 
 Caryatides [ka-re-at'-e-deez], in architecture, 
 IV. 47 (ill.). 
 
 Caryophyl r lusaromat'icus{ botany), IV. 715, 2 c. 
 Caryo'ta (botany), XIII. 18,1 c. C. urens (ill.). 
 Casa, Giovanni della [ka'-za], Italian prelate 
 and author, IV. 47. 
 
 Casabianca, Louis [ka-za-byan'-ka], French 
 naval officer, IV. 47. 
 
 Casacalen'da, town of S. Italy, IV. 47. 
 Casal, Manuel Ayres de [ka-zal'], Portuguese 
 geographer, IV. 47. 
 
 Casalariza, St. Joseph (Calasanctius), founder 
 of the order of Piarists, XIII. 493, 2 c. 
 Casale [ka-za'-la], city of Italy, IV. 47. 
 Casal-Maggiore [ka-zal-mad-jo'-ra], town of 
 Italy, IV. 48. 
 
 Casal-Pusterlengo [-poos-tair-len'-go], town 
 of Italy, IV. 48. 
 
 Casaman'za, river of Senegambia, IV. 48. 
 Casamarca: see Cajamarca. 
 
 Casano'va, Giovanni Giacomo de Seingalt, 
 Italian adventurer, IV. 48. 
 
 Casa Otomana [ka'-sa o-to-ma'-na], headquar¬ 
 ters of Spanish revolutionists, IX. 438, 1 c. 
 Casa de Pilato [da pe-la'-to], a palace in Se¬ 
 ville, XIV. 790, 2 b. 
 
 Casarha (ornithology), XIV. 842, 2 c, and 843, 
 2 a. C. rutila, ib. 
 
 Casas, Las: see Las Casas. 
 
 Casa Santa : see Loreto. 
 
 Casas Grandes [ka'-sass gran'-dace], town of 
 Mexico, IV. 49; I. 393, 1 c; 455,1 c. House 
 at Tewah, Arizona (ills.), IV. 49, 2 b, 50, 1 a. 
 Casas de Montezuma, 1 b. Moquis, 1 c; 
 Moqui town (ill.), 2 b. Mesas, used as build¬ 
 ing places, 2 c. 
 
 Casau'bon, Isaac [Fr. ka-zo-bo ng ], Swiss theo¬ 
 logian and critic, IV. 50. Meric, English 
 divine and author, 51, 1 b. 
 
 Casbah , castle of Algiers, I. 308, 1 a. 
 
 Casbin [kas-been'j, city of Persia, IV. 51. 
 Casoa, Publius Servilius, a conspirator against 
 Cresar, IV. 51. 
 
 Cascade de Longchamps [kas-kad duh lo ng -sha r,g ], 
 artificial rockwork, III. 154, 1 b. 
 
 Cascade Range, IV. 51; XIV. 378, 2 a. 
 Cascades , county seat, XV. 74, 2 b. 
 
168 
 
 CASCALHO 
 
 CASSINE 
 
 Cascalho [kas-ka'-lyo], deposit of diamonds, VI. 
 74, 1 a. 
 
 Gascar: see Kashgar, IX. 771, 1 c. 
 Cascaril'la, medicinal bark, IV. 51 (ill., 52). 
 Casei: see Latin Language and Literature, 
 X. 186, 2 c. 
 
 Cascine [ka-she'-na], park of Florence, YII. 
 
 277, 1 ab; XIII. 104, 2 be. 
 
 Casco Bay, Maine, IV. 52. 
 
 Case, in law, IY. 52. 
 
 Case, compositor’s, XIII. 847, 1 c. Lower case, 
 ib. ; upper, 2 a. Fouling the case, 848, 2 a. 
 Case, William, apostle to the Canadian Indians, 
 IY. 52. 
 
 Case-Hardening, of iron, IY. 52. 
 
 Caseine [ka'-se-in]: see Cheese, and YII. 143, 
 2 be. 
 
 Casemate , in fortification, YII. 334, 2 ab. 
 Caserta [ka-zair'-ta], province of Italy, IY. 52. 
 
 Capital city, 2 ab. Caserta Yeccbia, 2 b. 
 Cases, Count de Las: see Las Cases. 
 
 Case Shot, IY. 53. Invention of, I. 786, 1 c ; 
 
 789, 1 b. Shrapnel shell, IY. 53, 1 b. 
 
 Case worm: see Mayfly. 
 
 Casey, county, IY. 53. 
 
 Cash , Chinese coin, IY. 452,1 a; XII. 537,1 b. 
 Cashan : see Kashan. 
 
 Cash book, in bookkeeping, III. 81, 1 a. 
 Cash'el, town of Ireland, IY. 53. Eock of 
 Cashel, 2 ab. Cashel cathedral, 2 be (ill.). 
 Cashew' Nut, IY. 53. Tree, 1 a (ill., 54); 
 
 XIII. 591, 2 b. 
 
 Cashikonay ant, I. 541, 2 c. 
 
 Cashmere', kingdom of India, IY. 54. Valley 
 of Cashmere, 1 c. Cashmerian boatmen (ill.), 
 55, 1 a. 
 
 Cashmere, city: see Serinagur. 
 
 Cashmere, textile fabric, IY. 55. Cashmere 
 shawls, manufacture of, 2 a. Markets, 2 b. 
 Attempts to naturalize the Thibet goat, 2 c. 
 Cashmere goat, YIII. 57, 1 c. See Thibet goat 
 (Index). 
 
 Cashmerians, IY. 54, 2 c; IX. 213, 2 c. Lan¬ 
 guage of, IX. 216, 2 c, 218, 1 c. 
 
 Casimir [kaz'-e-mer], name of several Polish 
 monarchs, IY. 56. Casimir I., the Peaceful, 
 or “ the Monk,” 1 b. Casimir II., the Just, 
 1 c. Casimir III., the Great, ib. The Jewess 
 Esther, his mistress, 57, 1 ab. Casimir IY., 
 57, 1 b. Casimir Y.: see John Casimir. 
 Casimir-Perier [ka-ze-meer-pair-ya]: see Pk- 
 rier, Auguste Casimir Yictor Laurent. 
 Casinensian congregation (of Benedictines), II. 
 520, 2 a. 
 
 Casing, in glass making, YIII. 22, 2 b. 
 
 Casino, Monte [ka-ze'-no], Benedictine monas¬ 
 tery, IY. 57. Congregation of, II. 520, 1 c. 
 
 Casi'num, ancient town, IY. 57, 1 c. 
 
 Caskets, dangerous rocks near Alderney, I. 269, 
 1 a; IY. 262, 1 a. 
 
 Caso'ria, town of Italy, IY. 57. 
 
 Caspari, Carl Paul, [kas-pa'-re], German theo¬ 
 logian, IY. 57. 
 
 Caspe [kas'-pa], town of Spain, IY. 57. 
 
 Caspian gates, pass, YI. 494, 2 b. 
 
 Caspian Sea, IY. 57. Changes of its level, 58, 
 1 b. Depth below the ocean level, ib. Navi¬ 
 gation, 1 c. Caspian steamboat navigation 
 company, 2 a. 
 
 Cass, name of seven counties, IY. 58. 
 
 Cass, Lewis, American statesman, IY. 59. 
 Governor of Michigan territory and Indian 
 superintendent, 2 be. Secretary of war, 2 c. 
 Minister to France, 60, 1 a. U. S. senator, 
 ib. Candidate for the presidency, ib. His 
 Nicholson letter, 1 be. Secretary of state, 
 1 c. Ketires from Buchanan’s cabinet on 
 his refusal to relieve Fort Sumter, ib. 
 
 Cassagnao : see Granier de Cassagnao. 
 
 Cassan'der, king of Macedon, IV. 60. Battle 
 of Ipsus, 61, 1 c. 
 
 Cassander, George, Flemish theologian, IY. 61. 
 
 Cassandra, Trojan princess, IY. 61. 
 
 Cassano [kas-sa'-no], town of S. Italy, IY. 61. 
 Town of N. Italy, 2 c. 
 
 Cassa'tion [Fr. kas-sa-se-o ng ], court of, IY. 62. 
 
 Cassa'ya, meal from manihot roots, IY. 62 
 (ill.). 
 
 Cassel, town of France, IY. 62. 
 
 Cassel, city of Germany, IY. 62. Palace of 
 Wilhelmshohe, 63, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Cassel, Paulus Stephanus Selig, German cler¬ 
 gyman and author, IV. 63. 
 
 Casse'na, shrub, XYI. 773, 1 b (Yaupon). 
 
 Cassia, bark, IY. 63. See Cinnamon. Cin- 
 namomum cassia, 1 a (ill.); XIY. 768, 2 c. 
 C. acutifolia, ib. (ill., 769). C. Marilandica, 
 769, 2 a (ill.). C. fistula, IY. 63, 2 b. 
 
 Cassian: see Cassianus, Johannes. 
 
 Cassianus, Johannes (Cassian), founder of 
 monastic institutions, IY. 63; XI. 729, 2 a. 
 
 Cassican, bird, XYI. 6, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Cassicus (ornithology), XYI. 6, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Cas'sin, John, American ornithologist, IY. 64. 
 John, commodore, 1 b. Stephen, commo¬ 
 dore, ib. 
 
 Cassine, Indian “black drink,” I. 403, 1 a. 
 See Yaupon. 
 
CASSINI 
 
 CASTILLA 
 
 169 
 
 Cassini [kas-se'-ne], a family of Italian and 
 French astronomers, IV. 64. Giovanni 
 Domenico, 1 c. His astronomical discov¬ 
 eries, 2 a-65, 1 b. Lenses used by him, XV. 
 623, 2 c. Mistaken theory of the form of 
 the earth, VI. 355, 1 b.—Jacques, IV. 65, 
 
 1 b. Cesar Frangois, 2 a. Jacques Domi¬ 
 nique, count de Thury, 2 ab. Alexandre 
 Henri Gabriel, botanist, 2 be. 
 
 Cassino [kas-se'-no], game at cards, IV. 65. 
 Cassino, Monte: see Casino. 
 
 Cassiodo'kus, Magnus Aurelius, Italian states¬ 
 man, author, and ascetic, IV. 66. 
 
 Cassiopeia [kas-se-o-pe'-ya], constellation, IV. 
 
 66 . 
 
 Cassiquiare, or Cassiquiari [kas-se-ke-a'-ra, 
 -re], river of Venezuela, IV. 66. 
 
 Cassis (conchology), IV. 66. C. Madagasca- 
 riensis, III. 652, 1 c. C. tuberosa, ib ., and 
 
 2 a. C. cornuta, ib. C. rufa, ib. See Hel- 
 
 t 
 
 met Shell. 
 
 Cassiterides [kas-se-ter'-e-deez], islands, IV. 
 66; XIV. 693, 1 a. 
 
 Cassius [kash'-us], nom de plume, II. 694, 2 c. 
 Cassius, Dion: see Dion Cassius. 
 
 Cassius, Longinus Caius, leader of the con¬ 
 spiracy against Csesar, IV. 66. Cassius Par- 
 mensis, also a conspirator, 67, 1 b. Cassius 
 of Etruria, poet, ib. 
 
 Cassius, Purple of, IV. 67. 
 
 Cassock, clerical garment, IV. 67. 
 
 Cassop'olis , county seat, IV. 58, 2 c. 
 Cas'sowary, bird, IV. 67 (ill.)* Size and form 
 of its eggs, XI. 805, 2 b. 
 
 Cassville, county seat, II. 341, 2 b. 
 
 Cast of the eye, XV. 296, 2 ab (Squinting). 
 Casta'lia, ancient fountain, IV. 67; V. 785, 
 2 b; XIII. 122, 1 c. Nymph, IV. 68, 1 a. 
 Castalian fountain, or spring: see Castalia 
 (Index). 
 
 Castalides [kas-tal'-e-deez], a name of the 
 muses, IV. 67, 2 c. 
 
 Castalio, S6bastien [kas-ta-lyo], French theo¬ 
 logian, IV. 68. 
 
 Castalion [k£s-ta-lyo ng ]: see Castalio. 
 Casta'nea ves'ea, or C. vulgaris (botany), IV. 
 390, 1 c (ill.). Castanea nux, fruit, 2 be. 
 C. pumila, 391, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 CastaNos, Francisco Xavier de [kas-ta'-nyoce], 
 duke of Baylen, Spanish general, IV. 68. 
 Caste : see India, IX. 206, 2 c. Distinctions 
 of caste disappearing, 230, 2 be. 
 
 Castel a Mare : see Castellamare. 
 
 Castelar', Emilio, Spanish statesman, IV. 68. 
 
 Castel Branco, city of Portugal, IV. 68. 
 
 Castel del Monte, hunting seat, I. 486,1 c (An- 
 dria). 
 
 Castel-Fidardo, town of Italy, IV. 68. 
 
 Castel-Franco, town of Italy, IV. 68. 
 
 Castellamare [kas-tel-la-ma'-ra], (C. di Sta- 
 bia), seaport of S. Italy, IV. 68; view, 69. 
 Seaport of Sicily, 69,1 a. 
 
 Castellaneta [kas-tel-la-na'-ta], town of S. 
 Italy, IV. 69. 
 
 Castel'li, Ignaz Friedrich, German dramatist, 
 IV. 69. 
 
 Castello Branco : see Castel Branco. 
 
 Castellon de la Plana [kas-ta-lyone' da la 
 pla'-na], province of Spain, IV. 69. Capital 
 city, 1 c. 
 
 CasteVlum, ancient town : see Cassel, France. 
 
 Castelnau, Michel de [kas-tel-no], sieur de la 
 Mauvissiere, French soldier and diplomatist, 
 IV. 69. 
 
 Castelnaudary [kas-tel-no-da-re], town of 
 France, IV. 69. Scene of an auto da fe, 
 2 c. 
 
 Castel Nuovo, Naples, XII. 139, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Castelnuovo, fort of, IV. 127, 2 a (Cattaro). 
 
 Castelsarrasin [-sa-ra-za ng ], town of France, 
 IV. 70. 
 
 Castel-Vetrano [-va-tra'-no], town of Sicily, 
 IV. 70. 
 
 Casti, Giovanni Battista, Italian poet, IV. 70. 
 
 Cas'tigatory, instrument of punishment, V. 
 556, 2 ab. 
 
 Castiglione [kas-te-lyo'-na], two villages of 
 Italy, IV. 70. 
 
 Castiglione, Baldassare, Italian statesman and 
 author, IV. 70. 
 
 Castiglione, Carlo Ottavio, count, philologist 
 and antiquary, IV. 70. 
 
 Castiglione, Giovanni Benedetto, painter and 
 engraver, IV. 70. 
 
 Castiglione, Giuseppe, artist and missionary, 
 
 IV. 70. 
 
 Castiglione, Prince (Alessandro di Gonzaga), a 
 pretender, VIII. 100, 1 a. 
 
 Castile [kas-teeT],-ancient kingdom of Spain, 
 IV. 70. Union of Castile and Leon, 71, 1 a, 
 and of Aragon with them, ib. Old Castile, 
 71, 1 a; provinces of, 1 b. New Castile, 
 1 c; provinces of, ib. 
 
 Castilian language, XV. 218, 1 c. 
 
 Castilla, Don Ramon [kas-te'-lya], Peruvian 
 general, IV. 71. 
 
 Castilla de Oro (isthmus of Panama), XIII. 32, 
 1 b. 
 
170 
 
 CASTILLEJO 
 
 CAT 
 
 Castillejo, Cristoval de [kas-te-lya'- k ho], Span¬ 
 ish poet, IY. 71; XY. 221, 1 b. 
 
 Castillo, Diego Enriquez de [kas-te'-lyo], Span¬ 
 ish chronicler, IY. 71. 
 
 Castillo'a elas'tica (botany), III. 734, 1 c; 735, 
 
 1 ab. 
 
 Castine [kas-teen'J, town of Maine, IY. 72. 
 Casting, IV. 72. Ancient bronze and iron 
 castings, 1 be. Bronze lion from Nineveh, 
 
 2 b (ill.). Colossal statue at Rhodes, 73, 
 1 ab. Statue of Mercury, 1 be (ill.). Large 
 bells, 2 a. Process of casting, 2 ab. Foun- 
 dery, 74, 1 a, ff. (ills.). Processes in light 
 and heavy castings, 75, 2 ab. Moulding 
 flask, 2 c (ill., 76); cope, ib. (ill.) ; rammer, 
 1 c (ill.); section of mould (ill.), 77, 1 a; 
 mould for a column, 1 c (ill.). Jobson’s 
 patent, 77, 2 ab. Jackson’s patent, 2 b. 
 Green sand moulding, 2 c. Loam mould, 78, 
 
 1 b (ill.). Sweep, 2 b (ill.). Drying ovens 
 (ill.), 79, 1 a. Sweeping the cope (ill.), 1 c. 
 Packing the mould of a steam cylinder (ill.), 
 80, 1 a. Furnace for melting brass (ill.), 
 
 2 b. Meneely’s cases (ill.), 81,1 c.—Casting 
 in the fine arts, ib. Bust covered with plas¬ 
 ter mould (ill.), 82, 1 c. Machine for cast¬ 
 ing a bust (ill.), 2 b. Piece mould for a 
 statue (ill.), 83, 2 c. Statue and core of 
 mould (ill.), 84, 1 c. Perpendicular section 
 of mould (ill.), 2 b. Old method still used in 
 Italy, 85, 1 b. 
 
 Cast iron , III. 775, 2 c; IX. 367,1 b, ff.; 390, 2 a. 
 Castle: see Foetification, YII. 328, 2 ab. 
 Castlebae', town of Ireland, IY. 85. 
 
 Castle Caeey, town of England, IY. 85. 
 Castle Dangerous , of Scott’s novel, YI. 223,1 a. 
 Castle Garden , XII. 387, 2 ab; YI. 574, 1 a. 
 Castle Ilill , Edinburgh, YI. 405, 1 be; 406, 1 c. 
 Castle island , near Albany, I. 248, 2 a. 
 Castlemain', town of Australia, IY. 85. 
 
 Castle Nedd [neth] : see Neath. 
 
 Castle Pinclcney, fort near Charleston, IY. 314, 
 1 c. 
 
 Castleeeagh, Robert Stewart [kas-s’l-re'], vis¬ 
 count and marquis of Londonderry, British 
 statesman, IY. 85. 
 
 Castle Rushen , Isle of Man, IY. 86, 1 c. 
 
 Castles, feudal, I. 663, 1 b. 
 
 Castles of Europe and Asia , on the Bosporus, 
 III. 113, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Cas'tleton, town of Vermont, IY. 86. 
 Castletown, capital of the Isle of Man, IY. 86. 
 Castor: see Beavee. C. Americanus, YII. 539, 
 1 b. 
 
 Castoe, secretion of the beaver, IY. 86. 
 CastoWeum, a secretion, II. 434, 1 b; XIY. 
 383, 1 a. 
 
 Castoroi'des OJiioen'sis , extinct rodent, XIY. 
 382, 2 c. 
 
 Castoe Oil, IY. 86. Castor oil plant (ill.), 2 b. 
 Extraction of the oil, 87,1 ab. Its cathartic 
 action, 1 c. 
 
 Castoe and Pollux, mythological heroes, IY. 
 87 (ill.). Their appearance at the battle of 
 Lake Begillus, XIY. 261, 2 b. Electrical 
 flames, so called, XI. 355,1 a. Constellation, 
 IY. 88, 1 ab: see Gemini. 
 
 Castoe Rivee, Missouri, IY. 88. 
 
 Casteation, IY. 88. 
 
 Castra Viniana , ancient town : see Baena. 
 Casteen, Matthias Alexander [kas-train'J, Fin¬ 
 nish philologist, IY. 88. 
 
 Castees [kastr’J, town of France, IY. 88. 
 Castei : see Delphi, Y. 784, 1 c; 785, 2 be. 
 Cas'teiot, George: see Scandeebeg. 
 Castrio'ta , George: see Scandeebeg, and 1.244, 
 2 c. 
 
 Castriota, John, Albanian prince, XIY. 662, 2 c. 
 Castro , capital of Lemnos, X. 335, 2 c. 
 
 Casteo, Henry, Texan pioneer, IY. 89. 
 Casteo, Ines de, Portuguese princess, IV. 89. 
 Casteo, Joao de, Portuguese naval hero, IY. 
 
 89. Exploration of the Red sea, 2 b, c. 
 Casteo del Rio [re'-o], town of Spain, IY. 89. 
 Casteogiovanni [kas-tro-jo-van'-ne], city of 
 Sicily, IY. 90 (view). 
 
 Casteitccio-Casteacani , [kas-troot'-cho-kas- 
 tra-ka'-ne], leader of the Ghibellines, IY. 90. 
 Castrum Ennce , ancient town: see Casteogio- 
 
 VANNT. 
 
 Castrum Novum Arianorum , ancient town, IY. 
 69, 2 c. 
 
 Castrum Puellarum , an old name of Edinburgh 
 castle, YI. 406, 1 a. . 
 
 Castus (botany), II. 287, 1 b. 
 
 Casua'rius galea'tus (ornithology), IY. 67, 1 c 
 (ill.). C. Bennetti, XI. 805, 1 c (ill.). C. 
 australis, 2 be. 
 
 Cas'uists: see Theology, XY. 695, 2 a. 
 Casveen' : see Casbin. 
 
 Caswall, Henry, English clergyman and au¬ 
 thor, IY. 90. 
 
 Caswell, county, IY. 91. 
 
 Caswell, Richard, American general and states¬ 
 man, IY. 91. 
 
 Cat, general name for feline animals, IY. 91. 
 Domestic cat, 2 c (ill., 92). Principal vari¬ 
 eties, 92, 2 a. Manx cat, ib. (ill.). Wild 
 
CAT 
 
 CATFISH 
 
 171 
 
 t 
 
 cat, 2 b (ill.). East Indian species, 93, 1 a. 
 Fur of, VII. 539, 2 ab. 
 
 Cat, Christopher (Kit ), X. 19, 2 b. 
 
 Catacle'sia , Athenian assembly, VI. 385, 2 b. 
 
 Cataclysms, , in geology, VII. 695, 1 b. 
 
 Catacombs, IV. 93. Of Thebes, 1 ab (ill.). 
 Of Rome, 94, 1 a (ill.); works written upon 
 them, 2 c. Of Naples, 95, 2 a. Of Syracuse 
 and of Malta, 2 b. Of Paris, 2 c (ill.). Church 
 of the catacombs at Thebes, referred to, V. 
 332, 1 a. 
 
 Catahoula [kat-a-hoo'-la], parish of Louisiana, 
 IV. 96. 
 
 Catalan forge, or bloomary, II. 741, 2 c. A 
 forge falsely so called, 742, 2 b. 
 
 Catalani, Angelica [ka-ta-la'-ne], Italian sing¬ 
 er, IV. 96. 
 
 Catalan language , XV. 218, 2 a; literature, 
 223, 1 b. See XIV. 39, 2 c. 
 
 Catalepsy, IV. 96. Causes and treatment of, 
 97, 1 c. 
 
 Catallac'tics: see Political Economy, XIII. 
 664, 1 a. 
 
 Catalogues , bibliographical, II. 619, if. 
 
 Catalonia, division of Spain, IV. 97. 
 
 Catalpa, genus of trees, IV. 98. C. syringi- 
 folia, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Catal'ysis, in chemistry, IV. 99 ; I. 571, 1 b ; 
 XVI. 843, 2 a. 
 
 Catamaran' , fire ship, VII. 607, 1 b. Float or 
 raft, X. 832, 2 a. 
 
 Catamaeca, province of the Argentine Repub¬ 
 lic, IV. 99. Capital city, 2 ab. 
 
 Catamenia, IV. 99. Vicarious, 100, 1 a. 
 
 Catamount: see Couguae. 
 
 Cata'na , ancient city, IV. 100, 2 a, be. 
 
 Cata'nia [Ital. ka-ta'-ne-a], province of Sicily, 
 IV. 100. Capital city, 2 a. Roman remains, 
 ib. Square of the Elephant (ill.). 
 
 Catanzaeo [ka-tan-dza'-ro], province of Italy, 
 IV. 100. Capital city, 101, 1 a. 
 
 Catapan', a viceroy, I. 608, 1 b. 
 
 Cataph'agus linea'tus (entomology), XVI. 678, 
 2 a. 
 
 Cataph'ryges , a sect: see Montanists, XI. 775, 
 
 1 b. 
 
 Cataplasm, poultice, IV. 101. 
 
 Catapult, military engine, IV. 101 (ill.). 
 
 Catapulta: see Catapult, and II. 245, 1 c. 
 
 Cataeact, disease of the eye, IV. 101. Va¬ 
 rieties of; 2 be. Operations for it: depres¬ 
 sion of the lens, or couching, 102,1 c; break¬ 
 ing up the lens, 2 be; extraction, 2 c. 
 
 Cataract , in steam engines, XV. 342, 2 be. 
 
 Cataeeii, disease, IV. 103. Of the bladder, 
 2 a; II. 687, 1 b. 
 
 Catarrhac'tes (ornithology), XIII. 249,1 b. C. 
 chrysocome, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Catarrhal fevers , IV. 103, 2 a. Catarrhal oph¬ 
 thalmia, 2 ab. 
 
 Catarrhus cestivus , VIII. 537, 2 b (Hay Cold). 
 
 Catasauqua, borough of Pennsylvania, IV. 
 
 103. 
 
 Catawba, county, IV. 103. 
 
 Catawba, river, IV. 104. 
 
 Catawba grape , I. 417, 1 c, ff. 
 
 Catawbas, Indian tribe, IV. 104. 
 
 Catawba Wine : see Ameeican Wines, I. 417, 
 1 c. 
 
 Catbied, IV. 104 (ill.). 
 
 Catbrier , XV. 113, 1 be. 
 
 Catch pool, in sewerage, XIV. 797, 1 a. 
 
 Catch weight, in the prize ring, XIV. 75, 2 b. 
 
 Catch worlc, in irrigation, IX. 415, 2 c. 
 
 Cateau, Le [luh ka-to], town of France, IV. 
 
 104. Treaties of, 2 c. 
 
 Cateau-Cambresis [-ka n °-bra-se]: see Cateau, 
 Le. Peace of, VII. 382, 2 a. 
 
 Cateoiiism [kat'-e-kizm], IV. 105. Catechis- 
 mus Romanus, 1 b. Catechism of the Greek 
 church, 1 c; of the Lutheran and Reformed 
 churches, ib. ; of the Socinians, ib. ; of the 
 English church, ib.; of the Westminster as¬ 
 sembly, ib. Larger catechism, XVI. 568, 
 1 c; shorter, ib., and 2 b. 
 
 Catechu [kat'-e-ku], extract, IV. 105. Acacia 
 catechu, 2 a (ill.). Catechuic acid, 2 c. 
 
 Catechu palm, XIII. 17, 2 a. 
 
 Categorical imperative, Kant’s, IX. 762, 2 b. 
 
 Categories, invented by Aristotle, I. 706, 2 b. 
 Kant’s, IX. 761, 1 b. 
 
 Catel, Franz [ka-tel'J, German artist, IV. 105. 
 
 Caterans, Scottish robbers, IX. 772, 2 a. 
 
 Cateepillae, IV. 106 (ills.). General descrip¬ 
 tion, 1 b. False caterpillars, 2 b. Voracity, 
 107, 1 a. Rapid increase in size and weight, 
 ib. Food, 1 b. Habitations, 2 a. Proces¬ 
 sionary caterpillars, 2 c (ill.). Changes, 108, 
 1 b. Their ravages, 1 c. 
 
 Cateepillae Fungus, IV. 108. 
 
 Catesby, Mark, English artist and naturalist, 
 IV. 109. 
 
 Catesby, Robert, originator of the gunpowder 
 plot, VII. 99, 2 c. 
 
 Catfish, IV. 109. Common catfish, or horned 
 pout, 2 a (ill.). Great lake catfish, 2 c. 
 Other kinds, ib., and 110, 1 a. Blind catfish, 
 II. 722, 2 be. 
 
172 
 
 CATGUT 
 
 CATO 
 
 Catgut, IV. 110. Milanese or Roman strings, 
 
 1 b. 
 
 Cathari: see Catharists. Referred to, XIII. 
 178, 1 a. 
 
 Cathari leaders , referred to, II. 574, 1 c. 
 Catharine I. [kath'-a-rin], empress of Russia, 
 IV. 110. Mistress of Peter the Great, 2 ab. 
 Acknowledged as his wife, 2 be; as his suc¬ 
 cessor, 111, 1 a. 
 
 Catharine II., empress of Russia, IV. 111. 
 Wife of Peter III., 1 b. Her amours, 1 be. 
 Murder of Peter, 2 b. Catharine crowned 
 empress, ib. Political activity, 112, 1 a. 
 First division of Poland, ib. ; second and 
 third, 2 be. Scheme for dismembering Tur¬ 
 key, 1 be; war against it, 2 a. French revo¬ 
 lution, 2 b. Her character, 113, 1 a. Her 
 efforts to raise the condition of women in 
 Russia, XIV. 486, 1 c. Influence on the 
 Russian language and literature, 497, 1 b. 
 Catharine , second wife of King Jerome Bona¬ 
 parte, III. 27, 1 c; 28, 1 a. 
 
 Catharine , lake, Louisiana, XII. 321, 2 c. 
 Catharine, Saint : see Catharine FiEscm 
 Adorno, and Catharine of Siena. Of 
 Sweden, III. 287, 2 b. 
 
 Catharine of Aragon : see Henry VIII. 
 Catharine archipelago, I. 274, 2 c. 
 
 Catharine of Braganza, queen of England, 
 IV. 113; 282, 1 c. 
 
 Catharine Fieschi Adorno, Saint, IV. 113. 
 Catharine of France, or of Valois, queen of 
 England, IV. 113. Secret marriage with 
 Owen Tudor, 2 c. 
 
 Catharine de’ Medici [Ital. da ma'-de-che], 
 queen of France, IV. 114. Massacre of St. 
 Bartholomew’s, 2 ab; II. 348, 1 ab and b; 
 349, 1 ab; V. 55, 1 c. Her fondness for 
 tobacco referred to, XV. 780, 2 c. 
 Catharine Parr, queen of England, IV. 114. 
 Catharine Paulovna, queen of Wurtemberg, 
 IV. 115. 
 
 Catharine of Siena, Saint, IV. 115. 
 Catharis'ta atra'ta (ornithology), XVI. 413, 
 
 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Catharists, mediaeval heretics, IV. 115; I. 
 243, 2 b; 253, 1 a. See Dominic, VI. 199, 
 2 b, ff. Referred to, VIII. 55, 1 a. 
 Cathar'tesau'ra (ornithology),XVI. 62, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 C.(pseudogryphus) Californianus, III. 606,2 b. 
 Cathartics (medicine), IV. 116. 
 
 Cathartidce (ornithology), XVI. 412, 1 c. 
 Cath'cart, William Schaw, earl, English gen¬ 
 eral and diplomatist, IV. 117. 
 
 C athe'dral, IV. 117. Cathedrals in continen¬ 
 tal Europe, 2 ab; in England, 119, 1 b; in 
 America, 2 b. 
 
 Catherineau, Jacques [ka-thh-le-no], general¬ 
 issimo of the Vendeans, IV. 120. Jacques, 
 his son, 1 be. 
 
 Catherwood , Frederick, artist, XV. 374,1 c. 
 Cathlamet [kath-la'-met], county seat, XVI. 
 420, 1 b. 
 
 Cath'ode of a battery , in galvanism, VII. 84, 
 1 c; 597, 2 a. 
 
 Catholic Apostolic Church: see Irving, Ed¬ 
 ward, IX. 418, 2 c. 
 
 Catholic association, in Ireland, IX. 359, 2 a. 
 Catholic Church : see Roman Catholic 
 Church. 
 
 Catholic colony, in Pennsylvania, VII. 582, 2 be. 
 Catholic emancipation, in Ireland, VI. 617, 1 c; 
 IX. 359, 1 c; X. 155, 1 b; XII. 575, 1 a; 
 XIII. 224, 2 c. 
 
 Catholicon , printed 1460, II. 235, 2 b. 
 Catili'na: see Catiline. 
 
 Cat'iline, Lucius Sergius, Roman conspirator, 
 IV. 120. 
 
 Catinat de la Fauconnerie, Xicolas de [ka- 
 te-na duh la fo-kun-re], French general, IV. 
 121 . 
 
 Catineau-Laroche, Pierre Marie S6bastien 
 [ka-te-no-la-rush], French lexicographer, IV. 
 121 . 
 
 Ca’tion, in chemistry, VII. 84, 1 c; 597, 2 ab. 
 Cat Island: see San Salvador, XIV. 611, 2 a. 
 Catirolcus, Gallic chief, I. 383, 1 c (bis). 
 
 Catkin, or ament, XIII. 584, 2 c. Of the alder 
 (ill.), I. 268, 2 a; beech, II. 459, 2 be (ill., 
 460); birch, II. 647, 1 a (ill.); chestnut, IV. 
 390, 2 a (ill.); hazel, VIII. 554, 1 b (ill.); 
 hornbeam, 819, 1 b, 820,1 a (ills.); larch, X. 
 168, 2 c (ill.); oak, XII. 551, 1 c (ill., 552); 
 pine, XIII. 522, 2 c (ill.); poplar, 711, 1 c, 
 712, 1 a (ills.); willow, XVI. 645, 1 c (ill.). 
 Catlettsburg, county seat, III. 171, 2 a. 
 
 Catlin, George, American artist, IV. 121. 
 Catmandoo : see Katmandu. 
 
 Catmint: see Catnip. 
 
 Cat monkey: see Flying Lemur. 
 
 Catnip, herb, IV. 121 (ill., 122). 
 
 Cato, Roman surname, IV. 122. Marcus Por¬ 
 cius, Censorius, statesman and patriot, 1 c. 
 His hatred of Carthage, 123, 1 be. His 
 writings, X. 193, 1 b. His character, 1 c. 
 His views on farming, I. 201, 1 ab.—Marcus 
 Porcius, Uticensis, statesman, philosopher, 
 I and general, IV. 123, 2 b. 
 
CATOBLEPAS 
 
 CAUSSIN 
 
 173 
 
 Catoblepas (zoolog) 7 ), Till. 55, 1 b. C. gnu, 
 2 be (ill.). 0. gorgon, or taurina, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Cat'odon (zoology), XVI. 581, 1 b (Whale). 
 Catodon’tides (zoology), XYI. 581, 1 a. 
 Catoo'sa, county, IV. 125. 
 
 Catoptric method , in lighthouses, X. 455, 2 a. 
 Catoptrics : see Optics, XII. 654, 1 c. 
 
 Catos'tomus (ichthyology), XY. 436, 2 b (Suck¬ 
 er). 0. Bostoniensis, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Cato street conspiracy , referred to, I. 129, 1 a; 
 YII. 710, 1 be. 
 
 Ca'tron, John, American jurist, IY. 125. 
 
 Cats, Jakob, Dutch statesman and poet, IY. 
 125. 
 
 Cat’s Eye, variety of quartz, IY. 125. 
 Catskill, village of New York, IY. 125. 
 Catskill Mountains, New York, IY. 125. 
 Catskill period , in geology, YI. 58, 1 c. 
 Cafs-tail (timothy grass), XY. 757, 2 c. 
 
 Catsup (sauce), origin of the name, XY. 203, 
 1 a. Mushroom catsup, XII. 1 c. 
 
 Cat-tail (bulrush), XYI. 97, 1 a (ill.). 
 Cattarau'gus, county, IY. 126. 
 
 Cattaro [kat'-ta-ro], town of Dalmatia, IY. 
 
 127. Gulf of, 2 a. 
 
 Qat'tegat, strait, IY. 127. 
 
 Cattermole, George, English artist, IY. 127. 
 Catterskill , “clove” or gorge of, IY. 126, 1 b. 
 
 Catterskill falls, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Catti, ancient German people, IY. 127. 
 Cattle, IY. 128. Wild cattle of the British 
 isles, 2 a. Cattle of continental Europe, 2 c; 
 of England, 129, 1 c; of America, 2 c; of 
 the United States, 130, 1 c. Cattle diseases, 
 131,1c. See Murrain. Illustrations: Al¬ 
 derney bull, 129 ; long-horned Brazilian ox, 
 130; short-horn Durham bull, ib. ; Dolly 
 Ayrshire cow, 131; Kerry bull, ib. 
 
 Cattle plague , Russian , XII. 57, 1 be. 
 
 Catty war', peninsula of India, IY. 131. 
 Catul'la , a Christian woman, her act of piety 
 to the dead in the persecution by Aurelian, 
 YI. 9, 2 a. 
 
 Catullus, Caius Yalerius, Roman poet, IY. 131. 
 Cat'ulus, Roman family, IY. 132. Caius Lu- 
 tatius, consul and general, 1 b. Quintus Lu- 
 tatius, ib. Quintus Lutatius, his son, 2 a. 
 Caturze, Jean [ka-turz], French martyr, IY. 
 132. 
 
 Catyeuchlana , Roman district in Britain, II. 
 449, 2 b. 
 
 Cauca [kow'-ka], river of South America, IY. 
 132. 
 
 Cauoa, state of Colombia, IY. 132. 
 
 Cauoa'sia: see Caucasus, IY. 133, 1 a. 
 Caucasian Race: see Ethnology, VI. 753, 
 2 c; 754, 1 a, ff. 
 
 Caucas'ses , districts in Ireland, IX. 351, 1 c. 
 Cau'casus, region and mountain range of Eu¬ 
 rope and Asia, IY. 133. Caucasia, 1 a. The 
 mountains, 1 b. Climate and productions, 
 2 a. Inhabitants, 2 c. History, 134, 1 a. 
 Caucasus, Indian: see Hindoo-Koosh, YIII. 
 737, 2 c. 
 
 Cauchon, Joseph [ko-sho ng ], Canadian states¬ 
 man, IY. 134. 
 
 Cauchon , Pierre , bishop of Beauvais, II. 433, 
 1 b. See Joan of Arc, IX. 642, 1 b. 
 CAuenv, Augustin Louis [ko-she], French 
 mathematician, IY. 134. 
 
 Caucus, in American politics, IY. 135. Cau¬ 
 cus club of Boston, 1 a. Origin of the word, 
 
 1 c (see I. 107, 2 c). Nominating caucuses, 
 
 2 a; congressional and legislative, 2 b. 
 Caucus club , a Boston political organization, I. 
 
 107, 2 b; IY. 135, 1 a. 
 
 Caudate cells of the brain , III. 187, 1 be. 
 Caudebeo [kode-bek], town of France, IY. 
 136 (ill.). 
 
 Caudi'nce Fau'ces: see Caudine Forks. 
 Cau'dine Forks, mountain passes in ancient 
 Samnium, IY. 136. Capture of a Roman 
 army, 2 a. 
 
 Caul, a membrane, IY. 136. 
 
 Caulaincourt, Arm and Augustin Louis de 
 [ko-la ng -koor], duke of Yicenza, French gen¬ 
 eral and diplomatist, IY. 137. 
 
 Cauliac , Gui de : see Chauliac. 
 
 Caulier, Madeleine [ko-lya], French peasant 
 heroine, IY. 137. 
 
 Cau'liflower, plant, IY. 137 (ill.). 
 Caulophyl'lum thalictroi'des (botany), Y. 23,1 a. 
 Caulx , Salomon de : see Caus. 
 
 Caumont, Aldrick Isidore Ferdinand [ko-mo ng ], 
 French jurist and author, IY. 138. 
 
 Caura [kow'-ra], river of Venezuela, IY. 138. 
 Caursins [kore-sa ng ]: see Cahorsins (Index). 
 Caus, Salomon de [duh ko], French engineer, 
 IV. 138. His plan for raising water by 
 steam, 1 b; XV. 339, 1 c. Isaac de, en¬ 
 gineer and architect, IV. 138, 1 c. 
 
 Causality: see Causation (Index). 
 
 Causation , doctrine of: see Leibnitz, X. 324, 
 2 ab-325, 1 c; Spinoza, XY. 273, 1 be; 
 Hume, IX. 48, 2 b. See Philosophy, XIII, 
 441, 2 b, and 445, 2 b; 441,1 b, c; 442, 1 a; 
 443, 1 c; 444, 1 c. 
 
 Caussin de Perceval, Jean Jacques Antoine 
 
174 
 
 CAUSTIC 
 
 CAXIAS 
 
 [ko-sa ng duh pair-sub-viil], French orientalist, 
 IY. 138. Armand Pierre, orientalist, 2 a. 
 Caustic, line in optics, XII. 656, 2 a. 
 
 Causticity of the calcareous earths discovered, 
 II. 674, 2 be. 
 
 Caustics, in medicine, IY. 138. 
 
 Caustics, Tsehirnhausen’s, in geometry, YII. 
 701, 2 c. 
 
 Cauterets [ko-tra], watering place of France, 
 IY. 138. 
 
 Cautionary town: see Flushing, YII. 292, 2 b. 
 Caution money, in Cambridge university, III. 
 644, 2 b. 
 
 Cautley, Sir Proby Thomas, English engineer 
 and palaeontologist, IY. 138. 
 
 Cauvery, river: see Cavery. 
 
 Cauvet, Gilles Paul [ko-va], French sculptor 
 and architect, IY. 139. 
 
 Cava [ka'-va], city of Italy, IY. 139. La Trini- 
 ta di Cava, monastery, 1 b. 
 
 Cavaignac, Jean Baptiste [ka-va-nvak], French 
 revolutionist, IY. 139. £l6onore Louis Gode- 
 froy, journalist, 2 a. Louis Eugene, general 
 and patriot, 2 ab. 
 
 Cavaillon [ka-va-yo ng ], town of France, IY. 
 140. 
 
 Cavalcan'ti, Guido, Italian philosopher and 
 poet, IY. 140. 
 
 Cavalier, Jean [ka-va-lya], leader of the Ca- 
 misards in France, IY. 140; III. 657, 2 b. 
 Cavalieri, Bonaventura [ka-va-le-a'-re], Ital¬ 
 ian mathematician, IY. 140. 
 
 Cavalieri, Emilio del, poet, XII. 89, 2 h (twice). 
 Caval'li, Pietro Francesco, Italian composer, 
 IY. 140. 
 
 Cavallini, Pietro [ka-val-le'-ne], Italian paint¬ 
 er, IY. 140. 
 
 Caval'lo, Tiberio, English electrician, IY. 140. 
 Cav'alry, IY. 141. Ancient, 1 b; Macedo¬ 
 nian, 2 b ; Carthaginian, 142, 1 c; later Ro¬ 
 man, 143, 2 a. Mediaeval, 2 b. Dragoons, 
 
 144, 2 b. Dutch cavalry, 2 c; Swedish, &c., 
 
 145, 1 a; Frederick the Great’s, 2 a; Na¬ 
 poleon’s, 146, 1 a. In the United States 
 civil war, 147, 1 a. Present organization 
 and tactics, 148, 2 b. Cavalry in battle, 150, 
 
 1 b ; acting against infantry, 152, 2 a. Gen¬ 
 eral tactics of cavalry, 153, 1 a. 
 
 Cav'an, county of Ireland, IY. 153. Town, 
 
 2 b. 
 
 Cave, Edward, English printer and bookseller, 
 IY. 153. 
 
 Cave, William, English scholar and divine, 
 IY. 154. 
 
 Ca'veat, in law, IY. 154. In patent law, XIII. 
 161, 1 c. 
 
 Caveat emptor , rule of, in law, YII. 444, 2 a; 
 XVI. 458, 1 c. 
 
 Caveau [ka-vo], Parisian association, IY. 154. 
 
 The Caveau moderne, 1 be. 
 
 Cavedone, Jacopo or Giacomo [ka-va-do'-na], 
 Italian painter, IY. 154. 
 
 Cavedoni, Celestino, Italian archaeologist and 
 numismatist, IY. 154. 
 
 Cave dicellers (Bohemian Brethren), II. 787,1 a. 
 Cave fishes: see Fishes , blind (Index). 
 Cavelier, Pierre Jules [ka-vuh-lya], French 
 sculptor, IY. 154. 
 
 Cav'endish, Henry, English physicist, IY. 154. 
 Experiments on gases, 361, 2 a, b, c; for de¬ 
 termining the earth’s density, YI. 357, 2 c, 
 358, 1 b (the Cavendish experiment). 
 Cavendish, Sir Thomas, English adventurer, 
 IY. 155. 
 
 Cavendish square, London, X. 596, 1 c. 
 
 Cave period (archaeology), I. 642, 2 b. 
 
 Cav'ery, river of India, IY. 155. 
 
 Cave temples: see Carlee, Dambool, Ele¬ 
 phant a, and Ellora. 
 
 Cavia (zoology), IY. 157, 2 a. C. aperea, 
 VIII. 313, 2 b. C. cobaya, 314, 1 a (ill.). 
 Caviana [ka-ve-a'-na], island of Brazil, IY. 155. 
 Caviare [kav-e-air'J, food from fisli roes, IY. 
 155. 
 
 Cavi'ina (zoology), IY. 156, 2 b. 
 
 Cavit£ [ka-ve-ta'J, province of Luzon, IY. 155. 
 Town, 2 a. 
 
 Cavour, Camillo Benso, count [ka-voor'J, 
 Italian statesman, IY. 155. Treaty of Vil- 
 lafranca, 156, 1 c. 
 
 Ca'vum ce'dium, in Roman architecture, II. 
 90, 1 a. 
 
 Cavy, rodent mammal, IY. 156. Patagonian 
 cavy, 157, 1 b (ill.). Rock cavy, 157, 2 be 
 (ill.). Spix’s cavy, 2 c. Bolivian cavy, ib. 
 Southern cavy, 158, 1 a. Fossil cavies, 1 ab. 
 Restless cavy, VIII. 313, 2 b (Guinea Pig). 
 Cawdor, parish of Scotland, IY. 158. Cawdor 
 castle and Macbeth, 1 b, and XII. 126, 1 c. 
 Cawnpore', district of British India, IY. 158. 
 Town, 1 be. Siege and massacre of 1857, 
 2 a-c. Memorial building, 2 c (ill.). 
 Cawsand Beacon hill, Dartmoor, Y. 693, 2 a. 
 Caxamarca [ka- k ha-mar'-ka]: see Cajamarca. 
 Caxatambo [ka- k ha-tam'-bo]: see Cajatambo. 
 Caxias [ka-she'-as], town of Brazil, IY. 159. 
 Caxias, Luis Alves de Lima, duke de, Brazilian 
 soldier and statesman, IV. 159. 
 
CAXTON 
 
 CELESTIAL 
 
 175 
 
 Caxton, William, first English printer, IV. 159. 
 Caycos [ki'-koce]: see Caicos. 
 
 Cayenne [ki-Cn'; Fr. ka-y&n], city of French 
 Guiana, IV. 159. Island, 2 c. Colony, VIII. 
 303, 1 c (Guiana). 
 
 Cayenne Peppee: see Capsicum, III. 761, 1 a, 
 2 a. Adulteration of, 2 be. 
 
 Cayes, Aux : see Aux Cayes. 
 
 Cay'la, Zoe Victoire du, countess, favorite of 
 Louis XVIII., IV. 160. 
 
 Cay la breed of sheep, IV. 160, 1 c. 
 
 Cayley, Arthur, English mathematician, IV. 
 160. 
 
 Cayley, Sir George, English philosopher, IV. 
 160. 
 
 Caylus [ka-lus], town of France, IV. 160. 
 Caylus, Marthe Marguerite de Villette de 
 Murcav, marquise de, French woman of 
 fashion, IV. 160. Anne Claude Philippe de 
 Tubieres, count, archaeologist, 2 o. 
 
 Caylux [ka-liix], town: see Caylus. 
 
 Cayman [ki'-man]: see Alligatoe. 
 
 Cayman , lagoon of Mexico, XI. 137, 1 ab. 
 Caymans, islands, West Indies, IV. 161. 
 
 Cays (keys) of Florida, VII. 280, 1 ab. 
 
 Cayuga [ka-yu'-ga], county, IV. 161. 
 
 Cayuga Lake, New York, IV. 161. 
 
 Cayugas, Indian tribe, IV. 161; IX. 412, 
 
 1 be, 413, 1 c. 
 
 Cayx, Remi Jean Baptiste Charles [ka], French 
 historian, IV. 161. 
 
 Caza [ka'-za], division of a vilayet, XVI. 354, 
 
 2 ab. 
 
 Cazal: see Casal. 
 
 Cazalla de la Sieeea [ka-tha'-lya da la se- 
 air'-ra], town of Spain, IV. 161. 
 
 Cazem'be, state of Africa, IV. 161. 
 Cazeno'via, town of New York, IV. 161. 
 Cazoela [ka-thore'-la], town of Spain, IV. 162. 
 Cazotte, Jacques [ka-zut], French writer, IV. 
 162. 
 
 Cean-Bekmudez, Juan Augustin [tha-an'-bair- 
 moo'-^/iaith], Spanish archaeologist, IV. 162. 
 Ceano'thus (botany), XII. 312, 1 a. C. Ameri- 
 canus, ib. (ill.). C. ovalis, 2 a. C. thyrsi- 
 florus, ib. 
 
 Ceaea [sa-a-ra'], province of Brazil, IV. 162. 
 Ce'bes, Greek philosopher, IV. 162. 
 
 CebIt [sa-boo'], island, Philippines, IV. 163. 
 Town, 1 b. 
 
 Ce'bus (zoology), XI. 751, 1 b. C. fatuellus, 
 ib. C. capucinus, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Cecco d’Ascoli [chek'-ko d&s'-ko-le], Italian 
 savant and martyr, IV. 163. 
 
 Cecidomy'ia (entomology), VI. 129, 1 be. C. 
 destructor, ib .; VIII. 708, 2 a (ill.). C. sali- 
 cis, VI. 129, 1 be. C. tritici, ib .; XVI. 588, 
 2 c (ill., 589). 
 
 Ce'cil, county, IV. 163. 
 
 Cecil, Robert [ses'-sil or sis'-sil], earl of Salis¬ 
 bury, English statesman, IV. 163. Robert 
 Arthur Talbot Gascoyne (Lord Robert Cecil), 
 marquis of Salisbury, XIV. 565, 2 b. 
 
 Cecil, William: see Bueleigh, Lord. 
 
 Cecilia, Saint, IV. 164. St. Cecilia’s day, 2 b. 
 Ce'ceops, first king of Attica, IV. 164. 
 
 Cedae, tree, IV. 164. Cedar of Lebanon, 165, 
 
 1 a (ill.); cones of (ill.), 1 b. Cedar of Goa, 
 
 165, 2 ab. Indian cedar, 2 b. White cedar, 
 
 2 o; V. 614, 1 c; tree so called, X. 401, 
 2 ab. Red cedar, IV. 166, 1 a (ill., 165); 
 IX. 715, 2 c. Yellow cedar, I. 241, 2 a. 
 
 Cedae, three counties, IV. 166. 
 
 Cedar apple, excrescence, VII. 533, 1 a. 
 
 Cedae Bied, IV. 166 (ill.). 
 
 Cedar Creek , battle of, XVI. 655, 2 ab. 
 
 Cedae Mountain, and battle of, IV. 166. 
 Cedae Speings, village of South Carolina, IV. 
 
 166. 
 
 Cedkon, medicine, IV. 166; XIII. 338, 1 b. 
 Cefalu [cha-fa-loo'J, town of Sicily, IV. 167. 
 Cehejin [tha-a- k heen'], town of Spain, IV. 167. 
 Ceiling of a ship, XIV. 863, 1 ab. 
 
 Ceilliee, Dom Remi [sa-lya], French theolo¬ 
 gian, IV. 167. 
 
 Ceiram [sa-ram'j: see Cekam. 
 
 Celakovsky, Frantisek Ladislav [chel-a-kov'- 
 ske], Bohemian poet and philologist, IV. 167. 
 Cel'andine, plant, IV. 167 (ill.). 
 
 Celano, Thomas de [cha-la'-no], reputed author 
 of Dies Irce, VII. 427, 1 a. 
 
 Celas'trus (botany), XVI. 517, 2 c. C. scan- 
 dens, ib. (ill.). C. edulis, 782, 2 b. 
 
 Celebes [sel'-e-beez], island, Malay archipela¬ 
 go, IV. 167. Description, 168, 1 a. Natural 
 history, 2 ab. Productions, 169, 1 a. Na¬ 
 tive inhabitants, 1 b. History, 2 a. 
 
 Celeia [se-le'-ya], ancient town : see Cilly. 
 Celebes [sel'-e-reez], a Roman body guard, 
 IV. 169; VI. 699, 2 ab. 
 
 Cele'riac, variety of celery, IV. 169, 2 c. 
 Cel'eey, IV. 169 (ill., 170). Celeriac, 2 c; 
 170, 1 ab. Wild celery, so-called, XVI. 
 249, 2 b. 
 
 Celeste, Madame [sa-lest'J, Engish dancer and 
 actress, IV. 170. 
 
 Celestial bed, or bed of Apollo, so called, VIIL 
 421, 2 c. 
 
176 
 
 CELESTIAL 
 
 CENSOR 
 
 Celestial bride (mosque), VII. 793, 2 be. 
 
 Celestial voice , musical instrument, referred to, 
 XII. 94, 2 b. 
 
 Cel'estine, name of five popes, IV. 170. I., 
 
 Saint, 1 c. II., Guido di Castello, 2 a. III., 
 Giacinto Orsini, 2 b. IV., Goffredo Casti- 
 glione, ib. V., Pietro Angelerier, 2 c. 
 
 Celestine [sel'-es-tin], mineral, XV. 426, 1 b. 
 
 Celestines (Celestins): see Franciscans, VII. 
 425, 2 c. 
 
 Celestins : see Celestine V. 
 
 Cele'us , mythical king of Eleusis, IV. 209, 2 b. 
 
 Cel'ibacy, IV. 171. In ancient Greece and 
 Rome, 1 c; of the oriental priesthood, 2 b; 
 of the clergy in the primitive Christian 
 church, 2 be; in the Latin church, 2 c; in 
 the Greek church, 172, 1 a; in the reformed 
 churches, 1 ab. Abolished in England, VI. 
 438, 1 c. 
 
 Celi'na , county seat, XI. 399, 1 b. 
 
 Cell, IV. 172. Vegetable, 1 c; XIII. 573, 
 2 b, ff. (ills.). Animal, IV. 172, 2 ab. See 
 Protoplasm, XIV. 34, 1 a, 35, 2 a. 
 
 Celia , in a Grecian temple, I. 654, 2 c. 
 
 Celia calidaria , and cella frigidaria , in an 
 ancient bath, II. 383, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Cellamare, Antonio Giudice, prince of [chel- 
 la-ma'-re], Spanish diplomatist, IV. 172. 
 
 Cellarer, Roman functionary, IV. 173. 
 
 Cellarius, Christoph [tsel-la'-re-oos], German 
 scholar, IV. 173. 
 
 Celle [tsel'-leh], town of Prussia, IV. 173. 
 
 Cellini, Benvenuto [chel-le'-ne], Italian artist, 
 IV. 173. His autobiography, 2 c. 
 
 Cells in a leaf, X. 265, 1 a. 
 
 Cellular germ , XIV. 34, 1 ab (Protoplasm). 
 
 Cellular Tissue (anatomy), IV. 174. White 
 fibrous, 1 be. Yellow fibrous, 1 c. Diseases 
 of, 2 c. 
 
 Cellular tissue (botany), XIII. 578, 1 c (ill.). 
 Of a leaf, X. 264, 2 c. 
 
 Cellulose , in plants, XIII. 573, 2 b; 581, 1 b. 
 In starch, XV. 318, 1 b. 
 
 Cel'sius, Anders, Swedish astronomer, IV. 
 175. Celsius thermometer, 1 c (see Centi¬ 
 grade Scale). Magnus, astronomer, 1 be. 
 Olaf, theologian, ib. Nils, mathematician 
 and naturalist, ib. Olaf de, historian, 1 c. 
 
 Celsus, Greek philosopher, IV. 175. 
 
 Celsus, Aulus Cornelius, Roman author, IV. 
 175. See Medicine, XI. 347,1 c; Surgery, 
 XV. 486, 1 ab. 
 
 Cel'tee: see Celts. 
 
 Celtiberi: see Celtiberians, and II. 367, 2 a. 
 
 Celtibe'rians, ancient Spanish race, IV. 175. 
 Celtic Gothic cloister, Kilconnel abbey, I. 663 
 (ill.). 
 
 Celtici , ancient Spanish race, II. 367, 2 a. 
 Celtic plain, so called, IV. 177, 1 ab. 
 
 Celtis occidentalis (botany), VIII. 365, 2 b 
 (ill.); VI. 551, 2 c. C. crassifolia, 552, 1 a. 
 C. australis, VIII. 365, 2 c, 366, 1 be. C. 
 pallida, ib. 
 
 Celts, Aryan race, IV. 176; VIII. 96, 2 a. 
 Migrations and conquests in western Europe, 
 IV. 176, 1 b; in Asia Minor, 2 b. Galli and 
 Galatas, 2 c. * 
 
 Celts, Languages and Literature of the, IV. 
 177; IX. 455, 2 a. Bas Breton, IV. 177, 
 2 a. Welsh (Cymraeg), 178, 2 b; Cornish 
 branch, 179, 2 b. Gaelic, 2 be. 
 
 Cembalo [chem'-ba-lo], (bay of Balaklava), II. 
 231, 2 b. 
 
 Cementation, chemical process, IV. 180. 
 Cement copper, V. 326, 1 b. 
 
 Cem'ents, IV. 180. Different kinds of, 181, 
 
 1 c. Building mortar, ib. Hydraulic cem¬ 
 ents, 182, 1 be; kilns for preparing, 183, 
 
 2 a; setting and hardening, 2 c. Those used 
 in Europe, 184, 1 b. Roman cement (mod¬ 
 ern), ib. Portland cement, 2 a. Hydraulic 
 lime of Saint-Leger, 185, 1 a; of Teil, 2 ab. 
 Tests of hardness and strength, 2 b. Mas¬ 
 tics, 186, 1 c. Plaster of Paris, ib. Various 
 other cements, ib. Cement for iron, II. 5, 2 c. 
 
 Cemetery, IV. 187. Cemeteries around Con¬ 
 stantinople, 2 b. Campo Santo of Pisa, 
 2 be; of Bologna, 2 c; of Genoa, &c., 188, 
 1 a. P£re Lachaise, 1 b. Cemeteries in the 
 United States, 1 c. 
 
 Cenacle [sa-nak’l], literary association of Paris, 
 IX. 35, 1 c. 
 
 Cenci, Beatrice [ba-a-tre'-cha chen'-che], Ro¬ 
 man girl, IV. 188. 
 
 Cenci, Giovanni (Pope John X.), IX. 647, 1 a. 
 Ceneda [cha-na'-da], town of Italy, IV. 189. 
 Cenis, Mont [Fr. mo ng suh-ne], IV. 189. Mont 
 Cenis railway, 2 ab (ilk). Mont Cenis tun 
 nel, 190, 1 a; XVI. 34, 2 ab. 
 
 Cen'obite, IV. 190. 
 
 Cenobit'ical life, growth of in the early church, 
 XI. 729, 1 b. 
 
 Cenoma'ni , ancient town: see Mans, Le. 
 Cenozo'ic ( tertiary ) period, in geology, VIL 
 697, 2 a. See table, 694. 
 
 Cenozoic rocks, in geology, VII. 694, 1 a. 
 Censer, vessel for incense, IV. 190. 
 
 Censor, Roman magistrate, IV. 190. 
 
CEHSORINUS 
 
 CEPHISSUS 
 
 177 
 
 Censori'nus, Latin grammarian and chronolo- 
 gist, IV. 191. 
 
 Censors , at Oxford university, XII. 765, 2 c. 
 
 Censorship of tiie Press, IV. 191. By the 
 Roman Catholic church, 2 be. In England, 
 2 c. In France, 192, 1 ab. In other conti¬ 
 nental states, 1 c. In the United States, 
 2 be. 
 
 Census, IV. 192. In Russia, 193, 1 a. In 
 Prussia, 2 a. In the minor German states, 
 2 c. In Austria, ib. In Sweden, 194, 1 b. 
 In Denmark, 2 b. In Portugal, ib. In Italy, 
 195, 1 b. In Greece, 1 c. In Turkey, ib. 
 In France, 2 a. In Great Britain, 2 c. In 
 the United States, 196, 1 c; in the several 
 states, 199, 2 a. International statistical 
 congresses, 2 c. Dr. Jarvis’s comparative 
 table, 200. 
 
 Cent, coin, IV. 201. Fractions and multiples 
 of, 1 c, ff. Origin of the name, IX. 592,1 c. 
 
 Cen'taur , constellation: see Centaurus. 
 
 Centaurs, fabulous, IV. 201 (ill., 202); X. 
 161, 2 c. Palasphatus’s explanation of the 
 fable, IV. 202, 1 c. 
 
 Centau'rus , fabulous, IV. 202, 1 a. 
 
 Centaurus, constellation, iy. 202. 
 
 Cen'taury (botany), iy. 202 (ill.). 
 
 Centigrade Scale, iy. 202. Reduction to 
 Fahrenheit’s, 2 c, and Xyi. 699, 2 be (ill.). 
 
 Centime [sa ng -teem]: see Franc, VII. 365, 2 b. 
 
 Cen'tipede, articulated animal, IV. 202. Sco- 
 lopendra morsitans, 203, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Centlivre, Susanna [sent'-liv-er], English dra¬ 
 matic writer, IV. 204. 
 
 Cento, a kind of poem, IV. 204. 
 
 Centorbi [chen-tor'-be], town of Sicily, with 
 ancient remains: see Centuripa (Index). 
 
 Central America, IV. 204. 
 
 Central American picture writing: see Hiero¬ 
 glyphics, VIII. 720, 2 c. 
 
 Central battery and armor belt system: see 
 Iron-clad Ships, IX. 386, 1 c. 
 
 Central City, town of Colorado, IV. 205. 
 
 Central Heat, fcneory of, IV. 205. 
 
 Central park, Hew York, XII. 380, 2 a; XIII. 
 105, 1 a (map), 106, 1 b. 
 
 Central Provinces, British India, IV. 205. 
 
 Centran'thus (botany), XVI. 245, 2 c. 
 
 Centrar'chus (ichthyology), II. 367, 2 c. C. 
 hexacanthus, 368, 2 c. C. aeneus, 369, 1 ab 
 (ill.). 
 
 Centre, county, II. 206. 
 
 Centre , county seat, IV. 377, 2 b. 
 
 Centres , Fenian, VII. 125, 2 a. 
 
 12 
 
 Centreville , county seats, I. 593, 1 c; II. 608, 
 
 1 a; VIII. 715,1 a; XIV. 144, 1 c; 538, 2 a. 
 Centreville , Va.: see Bull Run, III. 429, 1 a, ff. 
 Centre worJc , in turning, XVI. 73, 1 b. 
 Centrifugal force, from the earth’s rotation, 
 
 an objectionable expression, VIII. 176, 1 c. 
 In mechanics, XI. 323, 1 c (ills.). 
 
 Centriscus (ichthyology), II. 508, 2 a. C. scolo- 
 pax, 2 ab. See XIII. 537, 1 a. 
 
 Centrocercus urophasianus (ichthyology), VIII. 
 271, 1 ab (ill.). 
 
 Centropistis nigricans (ichthyology), II. 368,1 a. 
 Centrum ovale maius. section of the brain, III. 
 191, 2 b. 
 
 Centu'ripa , ancient town (now Centorbi), I. 
 190, 1 a. 
 
 Centullus , feudal prince of Bearn, II. 422, 1 c. 
 Ce'orl [A. S. ke-url', whence churl] : see Serf, 
 XIV. 775, 2 b. 
 
 Ceos : see Zea. 
 
 Cephaelis ipecacuan'ha [sef-a-e'-lis], (botany), 
 IX. 342, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Cephalce'dis , ancient town: see Cefalu. 
 Cephalcis'pids , family of fossil fish, VII. 615,2 a. 
 Cephalaspis , fossil fish, VII. 616, lb (ill.). 
 Cephalization : see Philosophical Anatomy, 
 XIII. 428, 2 b. 
 
 Cephalle'nia: see Cephalonia. 
 
 Cephalonia, Ionian island, IV. 206. 
 Cephaloph'&ra , class of mollusks, XI. 722, 1 ab. 
 Eyes of, VII. 48, 1 c. 
 
 Cephalop'oda, mollusks, IV. 206. Argonaut 
 without the shell (ill.), 207, 1 a; within the 
 shell (ill.), 1 c. Hectocotyli, ib. Acetabula, 
 
 2 a. Dibranchiate and tetrabranchiate ce- 
 phalopods, divisions of, 2 b. Fossil species, 
 2 be. See II. 484, 2 b; XI. 722, 1 ab, 723, 
 
 1 a. Eyes of, VII. 48, 1 be. 
 
 CephaVopods : see Cephalopoda (Index). 
 Cephalop'tera (ichthyology), VI. 55, 1 b. C. 
 
 vampyrus, 2 a (ill.). Other species, ib. 
 Cephalop'terus (ornithology), XVI. 109, 2 a. 
 C. ornatus, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Cephalo'tes (zoology): see Bat, II. 376, 2 c. 
 Cephalotho'rax , of crabs, lobsters, &c., V. 448, 
 
 2 ab; X. 561, 1 b. 
 
 Cephalo'tus follicula’ris (botany), XIII. 549, 
 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Ceph'alus, mythical, IV. 208. 
 
 Ce’phas , XIII. 351, 2 c (Peter). 
 
 Cepheus [se'-fuce], mythical Ethiopian king, I. 
 487, 1 a (Andromeda). 
 
 Cephis'sus, river of Greece, IV. 208; II. 94, 
 
 1 c. 
 
178 
 
 CEPHREN 
 
 CERVANTES 
 
 Ceph'ren , king of Egypt, IV. 374, 2 b. Pyra¬ 
 mid of, XIV. 106, 2 be (Shafra’s). 
 
 Cep'ola (ichthyology), XIV. 306, 2 c. C. rubes- 
 eens, ib. 
 
 Cera, wax, XVI. 515, 1 c. 
 
 Cekacohi, Giuseppe [cha-rak'-ke], Italian sculp¬ 
 tor, IV. 208. 
 
 Ceram', one of the Molucca islands, IV. 208. 
 Ceramia' cece: see Alg^e, I. 299, 2 ab. 
 
 Ceram'ic art , XIII. 778, 1 a, 2 a. 
 
 Cerami’cus , suburb of Athens, I. 49, 2 b. In¬ 
 ner (site), II. 59, 2 c; outer, ib. 
 
 Cerasine [ser'-a-sin], gum, VIII. 321, 1 c. 
 Ceras'tes Hasselquis'tii , asp or horned viper, II. 
 18, 1 c; XVI. 368, 1 c, 2 ab. C. nasicornis, 
 2 a. 
 
 Cer'asus vulga'ris (botany), IV. 380, 1 be (ill.). 
 
 C. Virginiana, 2 ab (ill.). 
 
 Ceratocam'padoe (entomology), XI. 869, 2 a. 
 Ceratocampa regalis (entomology), XI. 869, 2 a. 
 Ceratomia quadricornis (entomology), larva of, 
 VIII. 533, 1 c. 
 
 Cerat' ophrys (zoology), VIII. 822, 2 b. C. cor- 
 nuta (ill.), 2 a. 
 
 Cerau'nian Mountains, ancient name of two 
 ranges, IV. 208. Ceraunii, 209, 1 a. 
 Cer'berus, mythical monster, IV. 209 (ill.); 
 VIII. 680, 1 a. 
 
 Cerberus , iron-clad war ship, IX. 386, 2 c (ill.). 
 Cerca'rice (entozoa), VI. 667, 2 ab. 
 
 Cercis (botany), IX. 699, 2 c. C. Canadensis, 
 700, 1 a (ill.). Other species, 1 c. 
 
 Cercoce'bus (zoology), XI. 753, 1 b. C. cynosu- 
 rus, ib. C. sabseus, ib. C. fuliginosus, 1 be. 
 Cercola'bes (zoology), XIII. 716, 2 be. C. pre- 
 hensilis, 717, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Cercolabi'na (zoology), XIII. 715, 2 c. 
 Cercolep'tes (zoology), XIII. 792, 2 ab. C. cau- 
 divolvulus, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Cer'copis (entomology), VIII. 630, 1 b. 
 Cercopithe'cus (zoology), XI. 752, 2 c. C. mo- 
 na, ib. C. Dianoe, 753, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Cerdo , founder of the Cerdonians, IV. 209, 1 c. 
 Cerdonians, ancient heretics, IV. 209. 
 
 Cere, Jean Nicolas [sa-ra], French botanist, 
 IV. 209. Cerea, 2 a. 
 
 Cerea'lia, Roman festival, IV. 209. 
 
 Cerealine [se-re-a'-lin], in bran, III. 208, 2 a. 
 Ce'reals, time to cut for food, I. 199, 2 b. 
 CerebeVlum , III. 186, 1 b; 190, 1 a; XII. 235, 
 
 1 b (ill., 234). Of birds, reptiles, and fishes, 
 
 2 c. 
 
 Cer'ebral hemispheres , III. 191, 2 a (ill.) ; XII. 
 235, 1 b. 
 
 Cerebral meningitis, brain disease, III. 200,1 c. 
 Cerebric acid , III. 186, 2 b. 
 
 Cerebri’tis, inflammation of the brain, III. 202, 
 1 a. 
 
 Cerebrospinal axis , XII. 234, 2 b. 
 Cerebrospinal fluid, III. 188, 1 c. 
 Cerebro-spinal Meningitis : see Spinal Dis¬ 
 eases, XV. 269, 1 a, and VII. 168, 2 c. 
 Ceres [se'-reez], Greek and Roman goddess, 
 IV. 209 (ill., 210). Her fabled birthplace, 
 90, 1 be. 
 
 Ceres , asteroid, II. 38, 2 b. 
 
 Ce'reus (botany), IV. 210. C. giganteus, 2 a 
 (ill.). Night-blooming ( cactus grandiflo- 
 rus ) : see Cactus, III. 534, 1 a (ill., 533). 
 Cerignola [cha-re-nyo'-la], town of Italy, IV. 
 210 . 
 
 Cerigo [cher'-e-go], Ionian island, IV. 211. 
 Cerigotto, 1 b. 
 
 Cerine [se'-rin], (cerotic acid), XVI. 515, 2 a. 
 Cerinthians, sect: see Cerinthus. 
 
 Cerin'thus, Gnostic leader, IV. 211. Cerin¬ 
 thians, 2 a; their doctrine respecting the 
 parentage of Christ, XI. 217, 2 c. 
 
 Cerior’nis (ornithology), XV. 838, 1 be. C. 
 
 satyra, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Ce'rite, mineral, IV. 211, 2 b. 
 
 Cerito, Francesca (Fanny), [cha-re'-to], Italian 
 dancer, IV. 211. 
 
 Ce'rium, metal, IV. 211. Preparation of, 2 b. 
 
 Discovery of, II. 588, 2 c. 
 
 Ce'rodon (zoology), IV. 157, 2 ab. C. rupes- 
 tris, 2 be (ill.). C. flavidens, 2 c. C. Spixii, 
 ib. C. Boliviensis, ib. C. australis, 158,1 a. 
 Ceroleine [se-ro'-le-in]: see Wax, XVI. 515, 2 a. 
 Cerorliina monocerata (ornithology), VIII. 310, 
 
 1 c. 
 
 Cerotic acid: see Wax, XVI. 515, 2 a. 
 Cerreto [chair-ra'-to], town of Italy, IV. 211. 
 Cer'ro Gor'do, mountain pass, Mexico, and 
 battle of, IV. 212. 
 
 Cerro Gordo, county, IV. 212. 
 
 Cerro de Potosi: see PotosI 
 Certaldo [cliair-tal'-do], town of Italy, IV. 212. 
 Certhia (ornithology), V. 473, 1 a. C. famili- 
 aris or C. Americana, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Certiorari [sur-sho-ra'-re], writ, IV. 212. 
 Ceru'men, waxy secretion of the ear, XV. 79, 
 
 2 ab. 
 
 Ce'russite, carbonate of lead, X. 250, 1 a. 
 Cerutti, Joseph Antoine Joachim [cha-root'- 
 te], French author, IV. 212. 
 
 Cervan'tes Saave'dra, Miguel de [Sp. thair- 
 van'-tace sa-a-va'-^ra], Spanish author, IV. 
 
CERVIA 
 
 CHACHAPOYAS 
 
 179 
 
 212; XV. 221, 2 a. See Avellaneda. 
 Statue of, at Madrid, X. 834, 1 be. 
 
 Cervia [chair'-ve-a], town of Italy, IY. 214. 
 Cer'vical plexus: see Nerve, XII. 232, 2 a. 
 Cervidm (zoology), V. 756, 1 c. 
 
 Cervix, Mont [mo ng sair-va ng ]: see Matterhorx. 
 Cervole: see Cervolle. 
 
 Cervolle, Arnaud de [dull siiir-vul], French 
 freebooter, IY. 214. 
 
 Cer'vulus (zoology), XII. 47,1 a. C. vaginalis, 
 47, 1 b (ill.). Other species, 2 a. 
 
 Cervus (zoology), correct English names of the 
 male and female of, III. 385,1 c (Buck). C. 
 Camelopardalis, YII. 819, 2 be (ill., 820). 0. 
 Canadensis, XYI. 440, 2 a (ill.); III. 385, 
 
 1 be; YI. 541, 1 a. C. elaphus, XY. 301, 
 
 2 c (ill., 302). C. giganteus, YI. 541, 1 a. 
 Gery'le (ornithology), IX. 839, 1 b, 2 c. C. 
 
 alcyon, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Cesalpino , Andrea [cha-zal-pe'-no]: see Gesal- 
 
 PIXUS. 
 
 Cesare, Giuseppe, cavaliere di [de cha'-za-ra], 
 Italian historian, IY. 214. 
 
 Cesari, Antonio, Italian author, IY. 214. 
 Cesari, Giuseppe, Italian painter, IY. 214. 
 Cesarini , Cardinal Julian [cha-za-re'-ne], papal 
 legate at the council of Basel, II. 358, 1 c. 
 Cesarotti, Melchiore [cha-za-rot'-te], Italian 
 poet, IY. 215. 
 
 Cesexa [cha-za'-na], city of Italy, IY. 215. 
 Cesxola, Luigi Palma di, count [de ches'-no-la], 
 American soldier and explorer, IY. 215. His 
 discoveries in Cyprus, 2 a. Colossus of Gol- 
 gos, 216, 1 b (ill.). Discovery of the temple 
 of Yenus at Golgos, 217, 1 a. Collection of 
 Cypriote glass in the New York metropol¬ 
 itan museum, YIII. 7, 2 c (ills., 8). 
 
 Cespedes, Carlos Manuel de [ses'-pa-dace], 
 president of Cuba, IY. 217. (Died 1874.) 
 Cespedes, Pablo de, Spanish artist and author, 
 IY. 217. 
 
 Cestoi’dea (entozoa), YI. 663, 2 c; I. 61, 1 be. 
 Cestoid worms: see Cestoidea (Index). 
 Cestra'cion (ichthyology), XIV. 829, 2 ab. C. 
 Phillipsii, 2 b. 
 
 Cestracion'tides (ichthyology), XIY. 829, 2 a. 
 Cestua’rii, ancient boxers, IV. 217, 2 c. 
 Cesths, girdle, IY. 217. See Vexes, XYI. 
 302, 2 c. 
 
 Cestus , in ancient pugilism, XIY. 73, 1 ab. • 
 Cestus Ven'eris , jelly fish, XYI. 305, 1 c (ill.). 
 Cestuy qve trust: see Trusts, XYI. 17, 2 c. 
 Cestuy que use , II. 310, 2 b. See Uses. 
 Cetaceans , herbivorous , XY. 68, 2 a. 
 
 Cethe’gus , Roman conspirator, IY. 120, 2 b. 
 Cetigxe : see Cettigxe. 
 
 Cetine [se'-tin], pure spermaceti, XY. 261, 2 a. 
 Cetra , ancient target or shield, XIV. 853, 
 2 b. 
 
 Cetra’via Islan'dica , Iceland moss, IX. 156, 2 b 
 (ill., 157); X. 410, 2 c. Referred to, I. 299, 
 2 be. 
 
 Cette [set], seaport of France, IY. 217. 
 Cettigxe [set-te'-nya], capital of Montenegro, 
 IY. 218. 
 
 Ce'tus, constellation, IY. 218. 
 
 Cetyl’ic acid , from spermaceti, XY. 261, 2 be. 
 Cetylic alcohol , from spermaceti, XY. 261, 2 b. 
 Ceu'ta [Sp. tha'-oo-ta], Spanish town and for¬ 
 tress in Morocco, IY. 218. 
 
 Cevexnes [sa-ven], mountain range of France, 
 IY. 218. Former province, 219,1 a. Insur¬ 
 rection in the: see Camisards. 
 
 Cevenols [saiv-nul], a name of the Camisards, 
 
 III. 657, 2 a. 
 
 Ceylox [se-lon'J, island, Indian ocean, IY. 219. 
 Shores, 1 ab. Mountains, 2 a (ill., Adam’s 
 Peak). Hydrography, 2 b. Minerals, &c., 
 220, 1 a. Climate, 1 b. Fauna, 1 c. Vege¬ 
 table productions, 2 a. People, 2 c (ill., 221). 
 Government, 221,1 c. Resources, 2 a. His¬ 
 tory, 2 c. See Cixgalese Laxguage. 
 
 Cey’Ionite , mineral, XY. 271, 2 b. 
 
 Cezimbra [sa-zee ng/ -bra], seaport of Portugal, 
 IY. 222. 
 
 CnABAs, Francois Joseph [sha-ba], French 
 archieologist, IY. 222. 
 
 Chabert, Joseph Bernard, marquis de [sha- 
 bair], French navigator and astronomer, IY. 
 222 . 
 
 Chablais [sha-bla], a former division of Savoy, 
 IY. 222. 
 
 Chablis [sha-ble]: see Fraxce, Wines of, YII. 
 413, 2 a. 
 
 Chaboras [ka-bo'-ras], river of Mesopotamia, 
 YII. 49, 1 ab; XI. 415, 2 c. 
 
 Chabot, Francois [sha-bo], French revolution¬ 
 ist, IY. 222. 
 
 Chabot, Philippe de, French general, IY. 223. 
 Chabrias [kab'-re-as], Athenian general, IY. 
 223. 
 
 Chabrillax, Celeste YCnard, countess de [duh 
 sha-bre-ya ng ], French author, IY. 223. 
 Chabrol de Ceouzol, Andre Jean, count [sha- 
 briil duh kroo-zul], French statesman, IY. 
 223. 
 
 Chachapoyas [cha-cha-po'-yass], town of Peru, 
 
 IV. 223. 
 
180 
 
 CHACO 
 
 CHAMHEROPS 
 
 Chaco, El Gran [ail gran cha'-ko], region of 
 South America, IV. 223. 
 
 Chcerea,, Cassius [ke'-re-a], chief assassin of 
 Caligula, III. 616, 2 ab. 
 
 Chjsrone'a, town of Bceotia, IV. 224. Victory 
 of Philip of Macedon at, 1 c; VIII. 198, 2 c. 
 Victory of Sulla at, IV. 224, 1 c. 
 
 Ch^'todon (ichthyology), IV. 224. C. ros- 
 tratus, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Chceto'mium, mildew, XI. 535, 2 a. 
 
 Chcetu’ra (ornithology), XV. 520, 1 b. 
 Chaffinch, bird, IV. 224 (ill., 225). 
 
 Chagkes [cha'-gress], river of Colombia, IV. 
 225. 
 
 Chagkes, seaport of Colombia, IV. 225. 
 
 Chain Snake, IV. 225 (ill.). 
 
 Chain wales , in a ship, XIV. 865, 1 b. 
 
 Chain work, in stockings, XV. 391, 1 b. 
 
 Chair , in railroad building, XIV. 180, 2 b. 
 Chain d’Est Ange, Gustave Louis Adolphe 
 Victor Charles [sha dest a ng zh], French ad¬ 
 vocate, IV. 226. (Died 1876.) 
 
 Chalais, Count de [sha-la], beheaded by Riche¬ 
 lieu, XIV. 317, 1 c. 
 
 Chalazce [kal'-a-ze], membranes in eggs, VI. 
 450, 2 be. 
 
 Chaloedon [kal'-se-don], ancient town of Asia 
 Minor, IV. 226. Fourth oecumenical coun¬ 
 cil at, 2 a. 
 
 Chalcedony [kal-sed'-o-ne], variety of quartz, 
 IV. 226. 
 
 Chalchihuitl [chal-che-weet’l'], stone, IV. 227. 
 Chalcid'ians [kal-], lizards, IV. 227. Brazen 
 lizard (ill.), 2 a. 
 
 Chalcidians , insects, IX. 158, 2 b. 
 
 Chalcidice [kal-sid'-e-se], peninsula, IV. 227. 
 Chalciditjs, Platonic philosopher, IV. 227. 
 Chalcis, town of Euboea, Greece, IV. 227. 
 Chalcis favescens (zoology), (ill.), IV. 227, 2 a. 
 Chalcog’raphy: see Engraving, VI. 650, 2 a. 
 Chalcondyles [kal-kon'-de-leez], or Chalco- 
 condyles, Laonicus or Xicolaus, Byzantine 
 historian, IV. 228. Demetrius, scholar, 1 c. 
 Chaldea [kal-de'-a], ancient country of Asia, 
 IV.. 228. Gesenius’s scheme of Chaldean 
 history, 229, 2 a. Results of recent re¬ 
 searches, 230, 1 b. 
 
 Chaldean era of Nabonassar, referred to, IV. 
 
 229, 1 a. 
 
 Chaldeans, race, IV. 228, 2 a. Priest caste, 229, 
 
 1 b. Their improvements in astronomy, 
 
 230, 1 a. 
 
 Chaldeans , sect: see Nestorians, XII. 240, 
 
 2 a, c. 
 
 Chaldee Language, IV. 230. Use in later 
 Jewish literature, VIII. 595, 1 c. See I. 
 631, 2 b. 
 
 Chalestoon , a palace in Ghazepoor, VII. 790, 
 1 c. 
 
 Chaleurs, Bay of [sha-lur'], Canada, IV. 231. 
 Chalice [chal'-iss], eucharistic vessel, IV. 231. 
 Chalk [chawk], earthy mineral, IV. 231. Its 
 geological relations, 2b; V. 477, 2 a; VII. 
 697, 2 a; VIII. 34, 2 c. Uses of, IV. 232, 
 1 b; in medicine, ib. French chalk, 1 c. 
 Black chalk, ib. Red chalk, ib. 
 
 “ Chalk,” in lithography, X. 526, 2 ab. 
 
 Chalk as a ferment , VII. 143, 2 c; 146, 2 a. 
 Chalkley, Thomas, English Quaker preacher, 
 IV. 232. 
 
 Challenge, IV. 232. 
 
 Ciial'loner, Richard, English bishop and his¬ 
 torian, IV. 233. 
 
 Chal'mers, Alexander [Scot, chaw'-merz], Brit¬ 
 ish author, IV. 233. 
 
 Chalmers, George, British historian, IV. 233. 
 Chalmers, Thomas, Scottish clergyman and 
 author, IV. 233. Great spiritual change, 
 234, 1 b. Canning’s judgment of him as a 
 preacher, 2 a. Leader in the evangelical 
 party, and its secession from the established 
 church, 235, 1 a. Evil of over population, 
 XIII. 670, 1 c. 
 
 Chdlonnais [sha-lun-na], former county of 
 Burgundy, IV. 236, 1 a. 
 
 Chalon-sur-Sa6ne [sha-lo Dg -stlr-sone], city of 
 France, IV. 235. 
 
 Chalons-sur-Marne [sha-lo ng -sur-marn], town 
 of France, IV. 236. Church of Notre Dame, 
 
 1 b (ill.). Battle of Chalons, 1 c, and I. 
 155, 2 b. Camp of, IV. 236, 2 b. Council 
 against simoniacs, VIII. 800, 2 bo. 
 
 Chalotais, La, Louis Ren6 de Caradeuc de 
 [la sha-lo-ta], French statesman and author, 
 IV. 236. 
 
 Chalybaus, Heinrich Moritz [ka-le-ba'-oos], 
 German philosopher, IV. 237. 
 
 Chalybeate [ka-lib'-e-ate], IV. 237. 
 
 Chalybeate bread, X. 88, 1 c. 
 
 Chalybeate springs, IV. 237, 2 a; XI. 592, 1 c. 
 Cham [kam], pseudonyme of Am6dee Noe, 
 French caricaturist, IV. 237. 
 
 Chama [ka'-ma], genus of bivalves, IV. 237. 
 Chamcedo’rea (botany), XIII. 18, 1 a. 
 Chamce'leo (zoology), IV. 242, 2 b. C. vulgaris, 
 
 2 c (ill., 243). 
 
 Chamcerops [ka-me'-rops], (botany), XIII. 21, 
 I 1 ab. C. humilis, ib. C. excelsa, ib. (ill., 20); 
 
CHAMBERLAIN 
 
 CHAMPOLLION 
 
 181 
 
 flowers of, 17, 1 ab (ill., 16). C. hystrix, 27, 
 1 be. 
 
 Chamberlain, court officer, IY. 237. Lord 
 chamberlain, 238, 1 a. Municipal chamber¬ 
 lains, 1 b. 
 
 Chamberlayne, Edward, English author, IY. 
 
 238. John, author, 1 c. 
 
 Chambers, two counties, IY. 238. 
 
 Chambers, Ephraim, English cyclopeedist, IY. 
 
 238. 
 
 Chambers, George, English artist, IY. 238. 
 Chambers, Sir William, English architect, IY. 
 
 239. 
 
 Chambers,’ William and Robert, Scottish au¬ 
 thors and publishers, IY. 239. 
 Chambersburg, borough of Pennsylvania, IY. 
 
 240. 
 
 Chambertin [sha ng -bair-ta ng ], French vineyard, 
 IY. 240. Wine of, YII. 413, 1 a. 
 
 CnAMBERY [sha ng -ba-re], town of Savoy, IY. 
 240 (view). 
 
 CnAMBLY [sha ng -ble], county of Canada, IY. 241. 
 Chambly , county seat, IY. 241, 2 a. 
 
 Chambord [sha ng -bor], village of France, IY. 
 
 241. Castle of, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Chambord, Henri Charles Ferdinand Marie 
 Dieudonn6, count de, duke of Bordeaux, IY. 
 241. Origin of his title, 2 c. Marie Th6rese 
 Beatrice Gaetane, countess de, 242,1 b. 
 Chambray, Georges, marquis de [sha ng -bra], 
 French soldier and author, IY. 242. 
 Chambre Ardente [sha ng -brar-da ng t], special 
 court of law in France, IY. 242. 
 
 Chambttre, Auguste Lepelletier de [sha ng -bur], 
 French soldier, IY. 242. 
 
 Chameleon [ka-me'-le-on], reptile, IY. 242 
 (ill., 243). 
 
 Chameleons of the sea , IY. 207, 2 b. 
 
 Chamfort, S6bastien Roch Nicolas [sha ng -for], 
 French author, IY. 243. 
 
 Chamfront , in armor, I. 733, 2 c. 
 
 Chamisso, Adalbert von [sha-mis'-so], German 
 poet and naturalist, IY. 244. On the salpse, 
 XI. 724, 2 c (Molluscoids). 
 
 Chamois [sham'-me; Fr. sha-mwa], Alpine an¬ 
 telope, IY. 244 (ill.). See I. 546, 1 a. Cha¬ 
 mois (shammy) leather, IY. 244, 2 c. 
 Chamomile [kam'-o-mile], plant, IY. 245 (ill.). 
 Chamomile tea, 1 ab. Stinking chamomile: 
 see Mayweed. 
 
 Chamonix [sha-mo-ne]: see Chamouni. 
 Chamorro, Fruto [cha-more'-ro], Central 
 American statesman, IY. 245. 
 
 Chamotte [shS-mot']: see Zinc, XYI. 822, 2 b. 
 
 Chamouni [sha-moo-ne], Alpine valley, IY. 
 
 245. Village, 246, 1 be (ill., 245). 
 
 Chamouny : see Chamouni. 
 
 Champa [cham'-pa], lignitic fuel, I. 464, 1 a. 
 Champagne [sha ng -pany’], former province of 
 France, IY. 246. Wines of, YII. 413, 2 a, ff. 
 Champagne, Philippe de, French painter, IY. 
 
 246. 
 
 Champagne baths, XI. 597, 2 a. 
 
 Champagny, Jean Baptiste Nomp5re, count de 
 [duh sha llg -pa-nye], duke de Cadore, French 
 statesman, IY. 246. Louis Alix Nompere 
 de, duke de Cadore, 2 c. Frangois Joseph 
 Marie Therese, count de, author, 247, 1 a. 
 Napoleon Marie de Nompere, count de, agri¬ 
 culturist, ib. J6r6me Paul de Nompere, 
 legislator, 1 ab. 
 
 Champaign [sham-pain'], two counties, IY. 247. 
 Champaigne , Philippe de : see Champagne. 
 Champ de Mai [sha ng duh ma], IY. 247, 2 ab, 
 c ; 291, 1 a. 
 
 Champ de Mars [sha ng duh marce], Frankish 
 assemblage, IY. 247. Public square of Paris, 
 2 b ; XIII. 81, 2 b. 
 
 Champdivers, Odette de [sha ng -de-vair], mistress 
 of Charles VI., IY. 286, 1 c. 
 
 Champe, John [champ], American soldier and 
 spy, IY. 247. 
 
 Champeaux, William de: see William of 
 Champeaux. 
 
 Cham'perty, in law, IY. 248. How different 
 from maintenance, 1 b. 
 
 Champfleury [sha ng -fluh-re], (Jules Fleury), 
 French author, IY. 248. 
 
 Champfort : see Chamfort. 
 
 Champignon [sha ng -pe-nyo ng ], mushroom, XII. 
 
 72, 1 a. Fairy ring champignon, ib. (ill.). 
 Cham'pion, IY. 248. Judicial champion, 2 c. 
 
 Championship of England, 249, 1 a. 
 Champion Hills, battle of, XYI. 179, 1 c. 
 Champlain [sham-plain'; Fr. sha ng -pla ng ], county 
 of Canada, IY. 249. 
 
 Champlain, township of New York, IY. 249. 
 Champlain, Lake, IY. 249. Naval battle of, 2 b. 
 Champlain, Samuel de, French navigator, IY. 
 
 250; IX. 79, 1 c. 
 
 Champlain clay, VI. 112, 1 c. 
 
 Champlain forge, II. 742, 2 b. 
 
 Champlin, Charles Josuah: see Chaplin (In¬ 
 dex). 
 
 Champmesle, Marie Desmares [sha ng -ma-la], 
 French actress, IY. 252. Charles Chevillet 
 (Champmesl6), playwright and comedian, 1 c. 
 Champollion-Figeac, Jacques Joseph [slA ng - 
 
182 
 
 CHAMPOLLION 
 
 CHAPEL 
 
 pul-yo ng -fe-zhak], French archieologist, IV. 
 252. Aim6 Champollion, author, 2 b. 
 
 Champollion le Jeune, Jean Francois [luh 
 zhun], Egyptologist, IV. 252. See Egypt, 
 Language and Literature of, VI. 475, 1 a, ff. 
 
 Champseix, Leonie [sha ng -sa]: see Leo, Andr6. 
 
 Champs Ely sees [sha ng za-le-za], public grounds 
 of Paris, XIII. 80, 2 b. 
 
 Chance , James , his patent plate glass, VIII. 18, 
 2 ab. Chance and co.’s disks of flint and 
 crown glass, 21, 1 a. 
 
 Chancel, division in a church, IV. 253. 
 
 Chancellor, law officer, IV. 253. Derivation 
 of the title, 2 c. In Roman courts, ib. Func¬ 
 tion of the chancellor of Great Britain, ib .; 
 official rank and prerogatives, 254, 1 ab, c; 
 legal style of, 1 c; tenure of office, V. 429, 
 2 b. Chancellor of the exchequer, IV. 254, 
 2 ab; of Oxford, 2 b; of a bishop, ib. Chan¬ 
 cellors in continental Europe, ib. ; in the 
 United States, 2 c. 
 
 Chancellorsville, Battle of, IV. 254. Forces 
 engaged, 255, 1 a. Hooker’s disposition of 
 liis forces, 1 b; advantage of the position 
 gained, 1 c. Fatal oversight and mismanage¬ 
 ment, 2 b. Vicissitudes of the three days’ 
 conflicts, 256, 1 a, ff. Retreat of the Union 
 army, 257, 2 be. Analysis of the reports of 
 the battle, 2 c. 
 
 Chancery, IV. 258. Proceedings in equity, 
 259, 1 be. In the United States, 2 b. Hew 
 York court of, IX. 795, 3 ab. 
 
 Chancery , in pugilism, XIV. 76, 2 c. 
 
 Chanel: see Chund. 
 
 Chandairi [chan-di'-re]: see Chendaeee. 
 
 Chandelier tree , XIII. 36, 2 c. 
 
 Chandernagore', French colony in India, IV. 
 259. 
 
 Chandler, Richard, English archeologist, IV. 
 259. 
 
 Chandler, Samuel, English theologian, IV. 260. 
 
 Chandler, Thomas Bradbury, American cler¬ 
 gyman, IV. 260. 
 
 Chandler, Col.: see Andeesonville, 1.475,1 a. 
 
 Chandler grass , V. 420, 2 b. 
 
 CnANDOS, Sir John, English soldier, IV. 260. 
 
 Chandragupta [chan-dra-goop'-ta], king of 
 Maghada, IX. 207, 1 be. 
 
 Chang and Eng , Siamese twins, XI 765,2 c (ill.). 
 
 Changarnier, Nicolas Anne Theodule [sha ng - 
 gar-nya], general, IV. 261. (Died 1877.) 
 
 Chang-choo-foo', city of China, IV. 261. 
 
 Chang-ohow', city of China, IV. 261. 
 
 Changelings: see Fairies, VII. 64, 1 b. 
 
 Change of life, in women, I. 181,1 b. 
 Changkiakau [chang-ke-a-kow'J: see Kalgan. 
 Channa chavaria [kan'-na ka-va'-re-a], (orni¬ 
 thology), XIV. 712, 1 a. 
 
 Channel Islands, IV. 261. Alderney breed 
 of cattle, 2 c. 
 
 Channing, Edward Tyrrel, American scholar, 
 IV. 262. 
 
 Channing, Walter, American physician, IV. 
 
 262. (Died 1876.) 
 
 Channing, William Ellery, American clergy¬ 
 man and author, IV. 262. Religious views, 
 
 263, 1 c. On social reforms, 2 c. Opposi¬ 
 tion to slavery, 264, 1 a. 
 
 Channing, William Ellery, American author, 
 IV. 264. 
 
 Channing, William Henry, American clergy¬ 
 man and author, IV. 264. 
 
 Chansons de geste [sha ng -so ng duh zhest], poems 
 of the trouveres, VII. 403, 2 a. 
 
 CnANT, IV. 265. 
 
 Chan-ta-bon: see Chantibun. 
 
 Chantal, Jeanne Frangoise Fremiot, baroness 
 de [sha ng -tal], saint, IV. 265. 
 
 Chantarelle [sha ng -ta-rel], mushroom, XII. 72, 
 
 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Chant du depart [sha ng du da-par], author of, 
 IV. 374, 1 b. 
 
 Chantibun [shan-te-bun'], town of Cambodia, 
 IV. 265. 
 
 Chantilly [sha ng -te-ye], town of France, IV. 
 
 265. Dome of stables, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Chantilly, Va. [shan-til'-le], military encounter 
 near, III. 431, 2 be. 
 
 Chantilly, Mile, de, assumed name, VII. 97, 
 
 2 c (Fa v art). 
 
 Chantrey, Sir Francis, English sculptor, IV. 
 265. 
 
 Chanut [sha-nti], French ambassador, portrai¬ 
 ture of Queen Christina of Sweden by, IV. 
 547, 2 b. 
 
 Chanzy, Antoine Eugene Alfred [sha ng -ze], 
 French soldier, IV. 266. 
 
 Chaos [ka'-os], in classical mythology, IV. 266 ; 
 XII. 711, 1 a. In natural history, IV. 266, 
 2 ab. 
 
 Chapadas [sha-pa'-das], narrow plateaus in 
 Brazil, III. 218, 2 ab. 
 
 Chapala [cha-pa'-la], lake of Mexico, IV. 266 . 
 Chapapote [cM-pa-po'-ta], kind of asplialtum, 
 II. 672, 1 a; V. 545, 1 be. 
 
 Chapel, IV. 266. Origin of the word, 2 b. 
 Chapels inaccessible to women, 2 c. Knights 
 of the chapel, 267, 1 be. 
 
CHAPELAIN 
 
 CHARIOT 
 
 183 
 
 Chapelain, Jean [shap-la ng ], French poet, IV. 
 
 267. 
 
 Chapel of the angel , in Jerusalem, IX. 617,1 ab. 
 Chapel of Golgotha , in Jerusalem, IX. 616, 2 a. 
 CnAPEL Hill, village of North Carolina, l’V. 267. 
 Chapelle du damne [sha-p&l du da-na], in Notre 
 Dame, Paris, IV. 266, 2 c. 
 
 Chapelles ardentes [sha-pSl zar-da ng t], for royal 
 funerals, IV. 267, 1 a. 
 
 Chapelmaster, orchestra leader, IV. 267, 1 a. 
 Cha'pin, Edwin Hubbell, American clergyman, 
 IV. 267. 
 
 Chapin, Stephen, American clergyman, IV. 268. 
 Chapin, William, American teacher of the 
 blind, IV. 268. 
 
 Chaplet : see Bead. 
 
 Chaplin , Charles Josuah [shap-la ng ], French 
 painter, IV. 252 (incorrectly, Champlin). 
 Chap'lin, Jeremiah, American clergyman, IV. 
 
 268. 
 
 Chapman, George, English poet, IV. 268. 
 Translation of Homer, 2 b. Imprisoned by 
 King James for satirical reflections on 
 Scotchmen, 2 c. 
 
 Chapman, John Gadsby, American artist, IV. 
 268. 
 
 Chapone, Mrs. [sha-pone'], English authoress, 
 IV. 269. 
 
 Chapoo', seaport of China, IV. 269. 
 Chappagua [chap'-pa-kwa]: see Gkeeley, VIII. 
 224, 2 c. 
 
 Chappe, Claude [shap], French engineer and 
 mechanician, IV. 269. 
 
 Chappe d’Atjteroche, Jean [shap do-trush], 
 French astronomer, IV. 269. 
 
 Chapsal, Charles Pierre [shap-sal], French 
 grammarian, IV. 269. 
 
 CnAPTAL, Jean Antoine [shap-tal], count de 
 Chanteloup, French chemist and statesman, 
 IV. 269. 
 
 Chapter, of a cathedral or collegiate church, 
 IV. 270. 
 
 Chapters of the New Testament , introduction 
 
 of, II. 612, 1 a. 
 
 Chapultepeo [cha-pool-ta-pek'], fortress of 
 Mexico, IV. 270 (ill.). Its capture by Gen. 
 Scott, 2 c. 
 
 Char, fish: see Trout, XVI. 8, 2 c. 
 
 CnARA [ka'-ra], genus of aquatic plants, IV. 
 
 270. See Calcareous Springs, III. 568,1 b. 
 Chara'cece: see Alg,e, I. 800, 1 a. 
 
 Charadri'nce (ornithology), XIII. 617, 2 c. 
 Chara'drius (ornithology), XIII. 618, 1 a. C. 
 Virginicus, 1 c (ill.). C. pluvialis, ib. C. 
 
 morinellus and other species, 2 a, if. C. 
 vociferus, IX. 831, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Charbar Bay, Beloochistan, IV. 271. 
 Charbonnerie democratique [shar-bun-re da- 
 mo-kra-teek], secret political society, III. 
 771, 2 c. 
 
 Charbonneries [shar-bun-re]: see Carbonari, 
 
 III. 771, 2 ab. 
 
 Chap/coal, IV. 271. Physical character of, 
 
 1 ab; chemical, 2 a. Absorption of gases 
 by, 2 c. Deoxidizing power of, 272, 1 c; 
 deodorizing, 2 ab ; antiseptic, 2 c. Process of 
 charring, 273, 1 a; ordinary method, 274,1 b. 
 Charcoal from alder, I. 268, 1 c. See Fuel, 
 
 VII. 516, 2 be, c; peat charcoal, 2 c. Tendency 
 of charcoal to spontaneous combustion, V. 
 138,1 a. Animal charcoal: see Bone Black. 
 
 Charcoal iron, for gun barrels, VII. 356, 2 c. 
 Chard beet , II. 171, 2 be (ill.). 
 
 Chardin, Jean [shar-da ng ], French merchant 
 and traveller, IV. 274. 
 
 Chardin, Jean Baptiste Simeon, French paint¬ 
 er, IV. 275. 
 
 Chardon, county seat, VII. 655, 2 c. 
 
 Charente [sha-ra ng t], department of France, 
 
 IV. 275. 
 
 Charente-Inferieure [-a ng -fa-re-ur], depart¬ 
 ment of France, IV. 275. 
 
 Charenton - le - Pont [sha-ra ng -to ng -luh-po ng ], 
 town of France, IV. 275. 
 Charenton-St.-Maurice [-sa ng -mo-reece], vil¬ 
 lage of France, IV. 275. 
 
 Chares [ka'-reez], Athenian general, IV. 275. 
 
 Grecian statuary, 276, 1 a. 
 
 Charette de la Contrie, Francois Athanase 
 [sha-ret dull la ko ng -tre], Vendean soldier, 
 IV. 276. 
 
 Char-Freitag [ k liar-frl'-tag], (Good Friday), 
 
 VIII. 101, 1 a. 
 
 Charge, in heraldry, VIII. 672, 1 ab. Charged 
 field, ib. Group of charges, 2 c. Common 
 charges, 673, 1 a. Blazoning of charges, 
 
 2 ab; in fess, in pale, &c., ib. Charge de- 
 bruised by an ordinary, 2 b. Proper charge, 
 ib. Charge over all, 2 be. See plate (after 
 p. 670). 
 
 Charge d’affaires [shar-zha daf-fair], diplo¬ 
 matic agent, IV. 276. 
 
 Charica [ka'-re-ka], (botany), XIII. 280, 2 a, 
 C. officinarum and C. Roxburghii, ib. 
 Charing Cross [cha-ring], in London, X. 594, 
 2 ab. 
 
 Chariot, IV. 276. Roman chariot (ill.), 2 b. 
 British chariot (ill.), 277, 1 a. 
 
184 
 
 CHARIOT 
 
 CHARLES 
 
 Chariot of Venus, mollusk, XI. 722, 1 c. 
 Charis'ticaries, in Greek ecclesiastical his¬ 
 tory, IV. 277. 
 
 Chakite, La [la sha-re-ta], town of France, 
 IV. 276, 2 a. 
 
 Chariton [sha'-re-ton], river, IV. 277. 
 Chariton, county, IV. 277. 
 
 Chariton , county seat, X. 700, 2 c. 
 
 Charity, Brothers of, religious order, IV. 277. 
 Charity, Sisters of, religious congregation, IV. 
 
 277. In Europe, 2 b; in the United States, 
 2 c. Origin of, XIII. 176, 1 a. 
 
 Charivari [slia-re-va-re], mock serenade, IV. 
 
 278. In the game of ombre, 1 b. 
 Charlemagne, emperor of the West [shar-le- 
 
 main'; Fr. sharl-many’J: see Charles I. 
 (Germany). 
 
 Charlemont [shar-luh-mo ng J: see Givet. 
 Charleroi [shar-luh-rwa], town of Belgium, 
 IV. 278. 
 
 Charleroy : see Charleroi. 
 
 Charles, county, IV. 278. 
 
 Charles, name of sovereigns and princes, IV. 
 278. 
 
 I. OF ENGLAND. 
 
 Charles I., IV. 278. Inauspicious marriage, 
 2 c. Autocratic assumptions and acts, 279, 
 
 1 be. Petition of right, 1 c. Court of the 
 star chamber revived, council of York, aim 
 the high commission, 2 be. Ship money, 
 
 2 c. Long parliament, 280, 1 b. Battle of 
 Naseby, 281, 1 a. “Hempen rope” for the 
 parliamentary generals, 1 b. Trial and exe¬ 
 cution, 281, 1 c, 2 a. Place of his confine¬ 
 ment, III. 789, 2 c. Pealing in the precious 
 metals claimed as a prerogative of the crown, 
 and forbidden to all others, XI. 739, 1 c. 
 
 Charles II., IV. 281. Defeated in the battle 
 of Worcester, 2 c. Declaration of Breda, 
 282,1 a and b. Restoration, 1 a. Marriage, 
 1 c; abuse of his queen, 2 a. Declara¬ 
 tion of indulgence, 2 c. Contests with par¬ 
 liament, 283, 1 a. Pensioned by Louis XIV., 
 ib. Pretended popish plot, 1 b. Rye House 
 plot, 1 c. Declared by his mistress to be a 
 Roman Catholic, and absolved by a Catholic 
 priest, 2 a. His numerous illegitimate off¬ 
 spring, 2 c. His purchase of Bass Rock as 
 a prison for Covenanters, II. 372, 1 c. His 
 treachery: see Vane, XVI. 260, 2 c. 
 
 II. OF FRANCE. 
 
 Charles Martel, IV. 284. Origin of his sur¬ 
 name, 2 a. 
 
 Charles I. (Charlemagne): see Charles I. of 
 Germany. 
 
 Charles II., the Bald, IV. 284. 
 
 Charles the Fat : see Charles the Fat, Ger¬ 
 many. 
 
 Charles III., the Simple, IV. 285. 
 
 Charles IV., the Fair, last of the Capetians, 
 IV. 285. 
 
 Charles V., the Wise, IV. 285. 
 
 Charles VI., the Mad, or the Beloved, IV. 
 285. 
 
 Charles VII., the Victorious, IV. 286. 
 
 Charles VIII., IV. 287. 
 
 Charles IX., IV. 287. Massacre of St. Bar¬ 
 tholomew’s day, 2 c. 
 
 Charles X., IV. 288. Driven into exile, 289, 
 2 a. 
 
 III. OF GERMANY. 
 
 Charles I., Charlemagne, or Charles the Great, 
 IV. 289; VII. 379, 2 b. Crowned by the 
 Roman pontiff, IV. 290, 2 c. Self-styled em¬ 
 peror of the West, ib. Project for reestab¬ 
 lishing the ancient Roman empire, ib. : see 
 Irene, IX. 363,1 c. Capitularies of, 291,1 b ; 
 XIII. 665, 2 b. Favors learning and popu¬ 
 lar education, IV. 291, 2 a-b, I. 50, 1 a; 
 the fine arts, IV. 291, 2 c; horticulture, 
 IX. 5, 2 b. His tomb and relics, I. 223, 2 c. 
 Relations with Pope Adrian I., I. 131, 2 a ; 
 with Pope Leo III., X. 346,1 b. His power 
 in Brittany, III. 300, 1 c. 
 
 Charles II.: see Charles II. of France. 
 
 Charles III., the Fat, IV. 292. 
 
 Charles IV., emperor of Germany, IV. 293. 
 “ Golden Bull,” 2 b. 
 
 CnARLES V., emperor of Germany and king of 
 Spain as Charles I., IV. 294. Crowned em¬ 
 peror, 2 ab. Diet of Worms, 2 be; of Augs¬ 
 burg, 295, 2 be. Nuremberg agreement, 2 c. 
 Smalcald league, 2 c, and 296, 1 be. Treaty 
 of Passau, 1 c. Abdication, 2 a; character¬ 
 ization, 2 b. Relations of Charles V. and 
 Francis I. with Leo X., X. 348, 2 b. 
 
 Charles VI., emperor of Germany, and pre¬ 
 tended king of Spain as Charles III., IV. 297. 
 War of the Spanish succession, 2 b. Peace 
 of Passarowitz, 298, 1 b. His pragmatic 
 sanction, 1 c. 
 
 Charles VII., emperor of Germany, IV. 298. 
 
 IV. OF NAPLES. 
 
 Charles of Anjoij, king of Naples and Sicily. 
 IV. 299. See I. 528, 1 a. Charles II., the 
 Lame, IV. 299, 2 be. 
 
CHARLES 
 
 CHARLOTTE 
 
 185 
 
 Charles III., king of Naples and Hungary, IV. 
 299. 
 
 Y. OF SARDINIA. 
 
 Charles Albert, IV. 300. His defeat at No¬ 
 vara and abdication, 2 b. 
 
 YI. OF SAVOY. 
 
 Charles Emanuel I., the Great, IV. 300. 
 
 «• 
 
 VII. OF SPAIN. 
 
 Charles I.: see Charles V., Germany. 
 Charles II., king of Spain, IV. 301. 
 
 Charles III., king of Spain and of the Two 
 Sicilies, IV. 301. 
 
 Charles IV., king of Spain, IV. 302. See 
 Godoy, Manuel de. 
 
 VIII. OF SWEDEN. 
 
 Charles IX., IV. 302. 
 
 Charles X., Gustavus, IV. 303 ; IX. 650, 2 c. 
 
 Charles XI., IV. 304,1 a; XV. 509, 2 a. 
 CnARLES XII., IV. 304. Victory at Narva, 2 b. 
 Conquest of Poland and Saxony, 304, 2 c, If. 
 Invasion of Russia, 305,1 c. Defeat at Pol¬ 
 tava, 2 b-c. Intrigues with the Turkish gov¬ 
 ernment, 2 c; efforts to get rid of him, 306, 
 1 c. Failure of Baron Gortz’s policy, 2 b. 
 His death, 2 c. Refuge in Bender, II. 517, 
 1 b. His treatment of Patkul, XIII. 165, 2 c. 
 Charles XIII., IV. 307. Made king in place 
 of Gustavus IV., 2 ab. 
 
 CnARLES XIV. John : see Bernadotte. 
 Charles XV., king of Sweden and Norway, 
 IV. 307. 
 
 IX. OF WURTEMBERG. 
 
 Charles I., IV. 307. 
 
 OTHER PRINCES. 
 
 Charles IV., of Anjou, bequeaths the duchy 
 of Anjou to Louis XI. of France, I. 528, 1 a. 
 Charles, archduke of Austria, IV. 308. 
 Charles, prince of Bavaria, IV. 309. 
 
 Charles I., prince of Roumania, IV. 309; XIV. 
 451, 2 c. 
 
 CnARLES Augustus, grand duke of Saxe-Wei- 
 mar-Eisenach, IV. 309. 
 
 Charles de Blois, duke of Brittany, IV. 309. 
 Charles the Bold, duke of Burgundy, IV. 309. 
 War with Louis XI. of France, 310, 2 a. Ex¬ 
 pedition against Switzerland, 2 c. 
 
 Charles Edward (Stuart), the young pretend¬ 
 er, IV. 311. His last attempt for the res¬ 
 toration of the Stuarts, 312, 1 a. Count of 
 
 Albany, 2 c. His marriage with the princess 
 Louisa of Stolberg-Gedern, ib., and 1.248, 2 c. 
 See VII. 706, 1 b, and Macdonald, Flora. 
 
 CnARLES, Jacques Alexandre C6sar [sharl], 
 French physicist, IV. 313. 
 
 Charles City, county, IV. 313. 
 
 Charles City , county seat, VII. 288, 2 c. 
 Charles City Court House , county seat, IV. 
 313, 1 c. 
 
 Charleses , the three , so called, of Sardinia, III. 
 114, 1 c. 
 
 Charles Mix, county, IV. 313. 
 
 Charles River, Massachusetts, IV. 313. 
 Charles’s Wain, constellation, IV. 313; II. 
 420, 2 a. 
 
 Charleston, county, IV. 313. 
 
 Charleston, city of West Virginia, IV. 313. 
 Charleston, city of South Carolina, IV. 314; 
 view, 315. Commerce, 315, 2 c. History, 
 317,1 a. Defence of, during the revolutionary 
 war, X. 300, 1 b. Fires in 1861 and 1865, 
 V. 237, 2 b. 
 
 Charleston , county seats, IV. 638, 2 a (or 
 Charlestown) ; V. 52, 1 c; XI. 658, 2 c; 
 XV. 497, 2 a ; 556, 2 c. 
 
 Charlestown, city of Massachusetts, IV. 317. 
 
 Navy yard, 318,1 c (ill.). History, 319,1 a. 
 Charlestown, town of West Virginia, IV. 318. 
 Charlestown Village (Woburn, Mass.), XVI. 
 694, 1 ab. 
 
 Charlet, Nicolas Toussaint [shar-la], French 
 artist, IV. 319. 
 
 Charleton , William,: see Courten, William, 
 V. 433, 2 c. 
 
 CnARLEviLLE [shar-luh-veel], town of France, 
 IV. 319. 
 
 Charlevoix [shar-le-voi'], county of Michigan, 
 IV. 319. 
 
 Charlevoix, county of Canada, IV. 320. 
 Charlevoix , county seat, IV. 319, 2 c. 
 Charlevoix, Pierre Francois Xavier de [shar- 
 liih-vwa], French historian, critic, and trav¬ 
 eller, IV. 320. 
 
 Charlock, wild mustard, XII. 106,1 c. Jointed 
 charlock, XIV. 165, 1 c. 
 
 Charlotte [shar'-lut], county of Virginia, IV. 
 320. 
 
 Charlotte, city of North Carolina, IV. 320. 
 Charlotte, county of New Brunswick, IV. 320. 
 Charlotte , county seats, VI. 91, 2 be; 381, 1 b. 
 Charlotte , daughter of J6rome Bonaparte, III. 
 31, 2 b. Daughter of Lucien Bonaparte, 34, 
 2 be. 
 
186 
 
 CHARLOTTE 
 
 CHASSELOUP-LAUBAT 
 
 Charlotte Amalie [shar-lot' a-mA-le-ffii]: see 
 Saint Thomas, XIV. 555, 1 be. 
 
 Charlotte Augusta (Princess Charlotte of 
 England), IV. 320. 
 
 Charlotte Harbor, inlet of Florida, IV. 321. 
 Charlottenburg [shar-lut'-ten-boorg], town 
 of Prussia, IV. 321. Royal palace, 1 a (ill.). 
 Charlottesville, town of Virginia, IV. 321. 
 Charlottetown, capital of Prince Edward 
 Island, IV. 321. 
 
 Charlton, county, IV. 321. 
 
 Charma, Antoine [shar-ma], French philoso¬ 
 pher, IV. 321. 
 
 Charmosyna [kar-moz'-e-na], (ornithology), X. 
 
 644, 1 b. C. Papuensis, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Charolais , count of [sha-ruh-la], (Charles the 
 Bold), IV. 309, 2 c. 
 
 Charon [ka'-ron], in Greek mythology, IV. 
 321 (ill., 322). 
 
 Charonian steps: see Theatre, XV. 685, 2 be. 
 Charon's ditches , excavations, VIII. 269, 2 a. 
 Charost, Armand Joseph de B6thune, duke 
 de [sha-ro], French philanthropist, IV. 322. 
 Charpentier's theory of glacial motion , VII. 
 829, 2 c. 
 
 Charpoy , East Indian mattress, II. 444, 2 ab. 
 Charras, Jean Baptiste Adolphe [sha-ra], 
 French officer and military writer, IV. 322. 
 Charred barrels , for preserving water fresh, II. 
 585, 1 b. 
 
 Charred coal , V. 35, 1 b. 
 
 Charriere, or Charrieres, Isabelle Agnete de 
 Saint-Hyacinthe de [duh shar-yair], French 
 authoress, IV. 322. 
 
 Charron, Pierre [sha-ro ns ], French author, IV. 
 322. 
 
 Charta bombycina [kar'-ta bom-bis'-e-na], cot¬ 
 ton paper, XIII. 51, 1 b. 
 
 Chartce jurata ?, and other mediaeval charters, 
 
 IV. 323, 1 a. 
 
 Charter, IV. 323. Mediaeval charters, 1 a. 
 Charter government, 1 b. Charters of his¬ 
 torical interest, ib. Case of Dartmouth col¬ 
 lege, 2 ab ; V. 696, 1 a. “ People’s charter” 
 in England, IV. 324, 1 c. Meaning of the 
 word, X. 849, 1 a. 
 
 Chartered property, inviolability of established, 
 
 V. 696, 1 a. 
 
 Charterer , IV. 324, 1 ab; XIV. 870, 1 be. 
 Charterhouse, a school and charity of Lon¬ 
 don, IV. 323 (ill.). School removed, X. 604, 
 
 1 c. 
 
 Charter of Connecticut , I. 488, 1 c; V. 261, 
 1 a, ff; VIII. 489, 1 be. 
 
 “ Charter of Liberties : ” see Magna Charta. 
 
 Charter oak, allusion to, I. 488, 1 c. 
 
 Charter Party, IV. 324; XIV. 870, 1 a. 
 
 Chartier, Alain [shar-tya], French writer, IV. 
 324. 
 
 Chartism, English political creed, IV. 324. 
 Six points of, 1 c. 
 
 Chartomancy [kar'-to-man-se]: see Divina¬ 
 tion, VI. 154, 1 b. 
 
 Chartoph’ylax, officer in the Greek church, 
 IV. 326, 1 a. 
 
 CnARTRES [shartr’J, city of France, IV. 324. 
 Cathedral of, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Chartres, Eobert Philippe Louis Eugene Fer¬ 
 dinand d’Orleans, duke de, IV. 325. 
 
 Chartreuse [shar-truz], name of various Car¬ 
 thusian monasteries, IV. 325. La Grande 
 Chartreuse, 2 a (ill.); liqueur of, 2 c. 
 
 Chartreuse cat , IV. 92, 2 a. 
 
 Chartularies [kar'-tu-la-riz], ancient church 
 record books, IV. 325. 
 
 Chartulary, ecclesiastical officer, IV. 325, 2 c. 
 
 Charybdis and Scylla [ka-rib'-dis, sil'-la], two 
 mythical monsters, IV. 326. A whirlpool 
 and a rock, 1 a. 
 
 Chasdim [kas'-dim], Hebrew name of the Chal¬ 
 dees, II. 189, 1 a; IV. 228, 2 a. 
 
 Chase, county, IV. 326. 
 
 Chase , in printing, XIII. 850, 1 a. 
 
 Chase, Irah, American clergyman and scholar, 
 IV. 326. 
 
 Chase, Philander, American bishop, IV. 326. 
 
 Chase, Salmon Portland, American statesman 
 and jurist, IV. 326. Opposition to slavery, 
 327, 1 a, ff. U. S. senator, 2 c. Governor 
 of Ohio, 328, 1 c. Secretary of the treasury, 
 2 a. Financial policy during the civil w r ar, 
 ib. Chief justice, 2 b. 
 
 Chase, Samuel, American jurist, IV. 328. 
 
 Chasekes [kas'-e-keez], a waywode of Athens, 
 II. 58, 1 a. 
 
 Chaska, county seat, IV. 45, 2 a. 
 
 Chasles, Michel [shal], French mathematician, 
 IV. 329. His principle of duality and prin¬ 
 ciple of homography, VII. 702, 1 be. 
 
 Chasles, Victor Euph6mion Philarete, French 
 author, IV. 329. 
 
 Chasse, David Hendrik, baron [shas-sa], Dutch 
 general, IV. 330 ; II. 491, 2 be, and 492, 1 a 
 and c. 
 
 Chasselasde Fontainebleau , grapes, VII. 304,1 c. 
 
 Chasseloup-Laubat, Francois de, marquis 
 [shas-loo-lo-ba], French soldier, IV. 330. 
 Justin Prudent de, count and marquis, sol- 
 
CHASSEPOT 
 
 CHAUCI 
 
 187 
 
 dier, 1 c. Justin Napoleon Samuel Prosper 
 de, marquis, statesman, 2 a. 
 
 Chassepot, Antoine Alphonse [shas-po], French 
 inventor, IV. 330. 
 
 Chassepot gun , XIV. 331, 1 c (ill.); I. 750, 2 b. 
 
 Ciiastel, Jean [slia-tel]: see Chatel. 
 
 Ciiastelain, Georges [shat-la ng ], the Adven¬ 
 turous, French chronicler and poet, IV. 330. 
 
 Ciiastelard, Pierre de Boscobel de [shat-lar], 
 French poet, IV. 331. 
 
 Chasteler, Jean Gabriel Joseph Albert, mar¬ 
 quis de [shat-la], French general, IV. 331. 
 
 Chastellain: see Chastelain. 
 
 Chastellux, Francois Jean, marquis de [sha- 
 tel-liix], French military officer and man of 
 letters, IV. 331. 
 
 Chas'uble, ecclesiastical vestment, IV. 332. 
 
 Ciiat, bird, IV. 332. 
 
 Chateau, feudal castle (castellum): see Cha- 
 teau-Thierry, IV. 335, 1 c. 
 
 Chateaubriand, Frangois Auguste, viscount 
 de [sha-td-bre-a ng ], French author and states¬ 
 man, IV. 332. Sainte-Beuve’s analysis of 
 his political life, 333,1 c. His relations with 
 Mme. R6camier, XIV. 229, 2 be. 
 
 Chdteaul)riant, castle of, IV. 334, 1 c. Edicts 
 of, by Henry II., VIII. 654, 1 ab. 
 
 Chateaubriant, Frangoise de Foix, countess 
 de, mistress of Francis I., IV. 334. 
 
 Chateaudun [sha-to-du. ng ], town of France, 
 IV. 334. Castle of the counts Dunois, 1 c. 
 Viscounts of, 2 a. 
 
 Chateau-Gontier [-go ng -tya], town of France, 
 IV. 334. 
 
 Chateauguay [-ga], county of Canada, IV. 
 334. Battle of, 2 b. 
 
 Chateauguay, Sieur de: see Le Moyne. 
 
 Chdteau Haut-Brion [o-bre-a ng ], wine, VII. 410, 
 2 c; 411, 1 c. 
 
 Chdteau Laffitte [la-feet], wine, VII. 410, 2 c. 
 
 Chdteau Latour [la-toor], wine, VII. 410, 2 c. 
 
 Chdteau de Madrid [duh ma-dre], restaurant 
 in the Bois de Boulogne, III. 154, 1 be. 
 
 Chdteau Margaux [mar-go], wine, VII. 410, 
 2 c; 411, 1 be. 
 
 Chdteauneuf-du-Pape [-nuf-dii-pap], wines of, 
 
 VII. 412, 1 a. 
 
 Chateauroux [-roo], town of France, IV. 334. 
 Ancient castle, prison of the princess de 
 Cond6, 2 c. 
 
 Chateauroux, Marie Anne, duchess de, favor¬ 
 ite of Louis XV., IV. 334. 
 
 Chdteau Suduiraut [su-dii-e-ro], wine, VII. 
 411, 2 a. 
 
 CnATEAu-TniERRY [-tyair-re], town of France, 
 IV. 335. 
 
 Chdteau Yquem [e-ka ng ], wine, VII. 411, 1 c. 
 Chatel, Ferdinand Toussaint Frangois, abb6 
 [sha-tel], French religious reformer, IV. 335 ; 
 VII. 579, 1 a. 
 
 Chatel, Jean, French fanatic, IV. 335. 
 Chdtelar: see Chastelard. 
 
 Chatelet [shat-la], name of two fortresses in 
 Paris, IV. 335. Grand Chatelet, 2 c. Petit 
 Chatelet, 336, 1 a. 
 
 CnATELET, Madame du: see Du Chatelet. 
 Clidtelherault [sha-ta-la-ro], duke of, I. 764,1 a. 
 Chatellerault [sha-tel-ro], town of France, 
 IV. 336. 
 
 Chatham [chat'-um], two counties, IV. 336. 
 Chatham, town of Canada, IV. 336. 
 
 Chatham, town of Massachusetts, IV. 336. 
 Chatham, town of Hew Brunswick, IV. 336. 
 Chatham, borough of England, IV. 337. Naval 
 establishment, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Chatham, Earl of: see Pitt, William. 
 Chatham Islands, Pacific ocean, IV. 337. 
 Chati [cha'-te], species of cat, IV. 337 (ill.). 
 CnATiLLON - sur - Seine [sha-te-yo ng -sur-sain], 
 town of France, IV. 338. 
 
 Chatmoss, a peat swamp, England, II. 779,1 b; 
 
 X. 134, 1 c; XV. 375, 1 c. 
 
 Ciiatre, La [la shatr’], town of France, IV. 338. 
 Chats [sha], French name of the Eries (In¬ 
 dians), VI. 714, 1 b. 
 
 Chats'worth, estate of the duke of Devon¬ 
 shire, IV. 338. Chatsworth house, 2 be (ill.); 
 II. 229, 2 a. 
 
 Chattah, object of Buddhist devotion, III. 790, 
 2 a. 
 
 Chattahoo'chee, river of Georgia, IV. 338. 
 Chattahoochee, county, IV. 339. 
 Chattanoo'ga, city of Tennessee, IV. 339. 
 Battle of Lookout mountain, 2a; of Mis¬ 
 sionary ridge, 2 b. See VIII. 158, 2 a. 
 Chattels, personal property, IV. 339. 
 Chatterer , bird, XI. 87, 2 c (red manakin); 
 
 XVI. 517, 2 b (Bohemian waxwing). 
 Chatterton, Thomas, English poet, IV. 340. 
 Ghatti [kat'-te]: see Catti. 
 
 Chattoo'ga, name of two rivers, IV. 341. 
 Chattooga, county, IV. 341. 
 
 Chatuga [cha-too'-ga], river: see Chattooga,, 
 CnAucER, Geoffrey, English poet, IV. 341; VI. 
 633, 1 c. His indebtedness to Boccaccio, 
 II. 769, 1 a. 
 
 Chauci [kaw'-sl], German tribe, IV. 342; 
 VII. 501, 1 a. ^ 
 
188 
 
 CHAUDES-AIGUES 
 
 CHEEVER 
 
 Chaudes-Aigues [shode-zaig], watering place 
 of France, IV. 342. 
 
 Chattdet, Antoine Denis [sho-da], French 
 artist, IV. 343. Jeanne Elisabeth Gabiou, 
 painter, 1 b. 
 
 Chaudiere [sliode-yair], river of Canada, IV. 
 343; II. 424, 1 a. Falls of the, IY. 343, 1 c, 
 2 a (ill.). Chaudiere falls, XII. 734, 2 b. 
 
 Chaudon, Dom Louis Maieul [sho-do ng ], French 
 author, IY. 343. Esprit Joseph, author, 2 b. 
 
 Chauffepie, Jacques Georges de [shofe-pya], 
 Franco-Dutch divine, IY. 343. 
 
 Chauffeurs [sho-fur], French brigands, IY. 
 
 343. 
 
 Chaulelasmus [kaw-le-las'-mus], (ornithology), 
 YII. 551, 2 b. C. streperus, 552, 1 a (ill., 
 551). 
 
 Chauliac, Gui de [sho-lyak], French surgeon, 
 IY. 344. 
 
 Chaulieu, Gui de [sho-lyuh]: see Chatjliao. 
 
 Chaulieu, Guillaume Amfrye de, French poet, 
 IY. 344. 
 
 Chaumette, Pierre Gaspard [sho-met], French 
 revolutionist, IY. 344. 
 
 Chaumonot, or Chaumonnot, Pierre Marie 
 Joseph [sho-muh-nd], French missionary, 
 IY. 344. 
 
 Chaumont, or Chaumont-en-Bassigny [sho- 
 mo ng -ta ng -bas-se-nye], town of France, IY. 
 
 344. Castle of (ill.). 
 
 Chaunoey, Isaac [chan'-se], American naval 
 officer, IY. 345. 
 
 Chattncy, Charles, president of Harvard col¬ 
 lege, IY. 345. Charles, clergyman, 2 ab. 
 Charles, jurist, 2 b. Charles, lawyer, 2 c. 
 
 Chauny [sho-ne], town of France, IY. 345. 
 
 Chaus (zoology) : see Lynx, X. 754, 2 c. 
 
 Chaussard, Pierre Jean Baptiste [sho-sarl, 
 French author, IY. 346. 
 
 Chaussees de Brunehaut [sho-sa duh brii-no], 
 Roman roads in France, II. 403, 1 b. 
 
 Chautau'qua, county, IY. 346. 
 
 Chautauqua Lake, New York, IY. 346. 
 
 Chauveau, Pierre J. O. [sho-vo], Canadian 
 statesman and author, IY. 346. 
 
 Chauveau-Lagarde, Claude Francois [la-gard], 
 French advocate, IY. 346. 
 
 Chauvenet, William [sho'-vuh-na], American 
 mathematician and astronomer, IY. 346. His 
 great circle protractor, XII. 181, 1 c. 
 
 Chauvin , Nicolas [sho-va ng ], French grenadier, 
 IY. 347, 1 ab. 
 
 Chauvinism [sho'-vin-ism], French political 
 term, IY. 347. 
 
 Chaux-de-Fonds, La [la sho-duh-fo ng ], borough 
 of Switzerland, IY. 347. 
 
 Chavee, Honor6 Joseph [sha-va], Belgian phi¬ 
 lologist, IY. 347. 
 
 Chaves [sha'-vess], town of Portugal, IY. 347. 
 
 Chaves, Manoel de Silveyra Pinto de Fonseca, 
 marquis of, Portuguese general and states¬ 
 man, IY. 347. 
 
 Ghayla, able du [dii sha-la], French persecu¬ 
 tor, III. 657, 2 ab. 
 
 Chazal, Antoine [sha-zal], French painter and 
 designer, IY. 347. Charles Camille, paint¬ 
 er, 348, 1 a. 
 
 Che, Chinese musical instrument, XII. 86, 1 c. 
 
 Cheapside , London, X. 593, 2 c. 
 
 Cheat , grass, IY. 384, 1 c; YIII. 169, 1 ab; 
 XYI. 587, 1 c. 
 
 Cheatham [cheet'-um], county, IY. 348. 
 
 Cheat River, West Yirginia, IY. 348. 
 
 Chebar [ke'-bar], river of Asia, YII. 49, 1 ab. 
 
 Cheboygan [she-boi'-gan], county, IY. 348. 
 
 Check'erberry : see Partridge Berry, XIII. 
 143, 2 b, and Wintergreen, XYI. 674, 1 c, 
 2 ab. 
 
 Cheddar cheese, IY. 350, 1 c and 2 c. Cream 
 Cheddar, 351, 2 c. 
 
 Chedorlaomer [ked-or-la'-o-mer], king of Elam, 
 IY. 230, 2 a; YI. 485, 2 a. 
 
 OhIsdotel [sha-duh-tel], French navigator, IV. 
 348. 
 
 Chedu'ba, island, bay of Bengal, IY. 348. 
 
 Chee-foo', town of China, IY. 348. 
 
 Cheek restorers, in dentistry, YI. 24, 2 b. 
 
 Cheese, IY. 348. Analysis of good milk, and 
 of cheese from it, 349, 1 a. Preparation of 
 rennet, 1 b ; theory of its action, 1 c. Ma¬ 
 king cheese with rennet, 350, 1 b. Cheddar 
 cheese making, 1 c and 2 c. Floating curds, 
 
 351, 1 b. Skim-milk cheese, 1 c. Coagula¬ 
 tion by hydrochloric acid, 2 ab. European 
 varieties of cheese, 2 c. Neufchatel, Brie, 
 Stilton, and cream Cheddar, ib. Gruyere, 
 
 352, 1 b. Schweitzerkase, 1 c. Sour-milk 
 cheese, ib .; Limburg, 2 b. Annotto, 2 c. 
 Poisoning by cheese, ib. Statistics, 353,1 a. 
 See I. 317,1 a. Parmesan cheese, X. 573,1 c. 
 
 Cheeses, vegetable, XI. 66, 2 be (Mallow). 
 
 Cheeshahteaumuck, Caleb, Indian graduate 
 of Harvard college, IY. 353. 
 
 Cheesy degeneration , of the lungs in consump¬ 
 tion, Y. 283, 1 a. 
 
 Cheever, Ezekiel, American teacher, IY. 353. 
 
 Cheever, George Barrell, American clergyman 
 and author, IY. 353. “Deacon Giles’s Dis* 
 
CHEGORMEGOX 
 
 CHENIER 
 
 189 
 
 tillery,” 2 b. Henry Theodore, clergyman 
 and author, 354, 1 a. 
 
 Ghegormegon, Lake Superior, Jesuit mission 
 at, I. 335, 1 a. 
 
 Cheha'lis, county, IV. 354. 
 
 Cheiloplasty [kl'-lo-plas-te], surgical operation, 
 II. 156, 2 b. 
 
 Glieiranthus cheiri [kl-ran'-thus ki'-re], (bot¬ 
 any), XVI. 438, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Cheiromys [kl'-], (zoology), II. 168, 1 c. 0. 
 Madagascaricus (ill.), 2 b. 
 
 Cheiroptera [ki-rop'-te-ra]: see Bat. 
 
 Cheirothe'rium [ki-]: see Labyrinthodon, 
 and VII. 342, 1 a, 507, 2 a. 
 
 Cheke, Sir John, English scholar, IV. 354. 
 
 Chekiang-', province of China, IV. 354. 
 
 Chelard, Hippolyte Andre Jean Baptiste 
 [shuh-lar], French composer, IV. 354. 
 
 Chelcic Brethren , religious society, II. 786, 2 c. 
 
 Ghelerethrine [ke-ler'-e-thrin], active principle 
 of celandine, IV. 167, 2 b-c. 
 
 Chelidonium majus [kel-e-do'-ne-um], (botany), 
 IV. 167, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Ghelifer [kel'-e-fer], book scorpion, XIV. 697, 
 2 a. 
 
 Chelmsford, Frederick Thesiger, baron [cliems'- 
 furd], English lawyer, IV. 355. Frederick 
 Augustus Thesiger, military officer, 1 b. 
 
 Ghelone glabra [ke-lo'-ne], (botany), XV. 131, 
 1 be. 
 
 Chelonia midas (zoology), XVI. 80, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Ghelonians , class of reptiles, XV. 664, 1 c. 
 
 Ghelonu'ra (zoology), XV. 131, 1 c. 
 
 Chelsea [chel'-se], city of Massachusetts, IV. 
 553. 
 
 Chelsea, borough of England, IV. 355. Hos¬ 
 pital, 2 c; foundation of, VIII. 350, 2 a. 
 
 Ghelsea , county seat, XII. 665, 1 b. 
 
 Cheltenham [chelt'-num], town of England, 
 IV. 356. Cheltenham college, 1 c (ill.). 
 Mineral springs, 2 a. 
 
 Chelydra serpentina [kel'-e-dra], (zoology), 
 XV. 131, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Ghelys [ke'-lis], (zoology), XV. 810, 2 b. 
 
 Ghelys , kind of bass viol, XVI. 366, 2 c. 
 
 Ghemical affinities, origin and development of 
 the theory, II. 558, 2 b. See Affinity, 
 Chemical, and Cohesion, V. 20, 2 c. 
 
 Ghemical attraction , I. 158, 1 c (Affinity, 
 Chemical). 
 
 Ghemical balance , II. 233,1 c (ill.). 
 
 Ghemical compounds , Hunt’s theory of their 
 origin, IX. 69, 2 be. 
 
 Chemical elements, XI. 716, 1 a. 
 
 Chemical equivalence, II. 86, 1 b; 88, 2 a. 
 
 Ghemical gilding , VII. 808, 1 b. 
 
 Ghemical notation , Berzelius’s, II. 87, 2 b. 
 
 Ghemical operations, lamps for, X. 130, 2 ab. 
 
 Ghemical powder, Schultze’s, VII. 36, 1 b. 
 
 Chemical proportion , discoverer of the law of, 
 II. 589, 1 ab. 
 
 Chemical types, theory of, II. 88, 1 b. 
 
 Chemicking, a process in bleaching, II. 704,1 c. 
 
 Chemistry [kem'-is-tre], IV. 356. Influence 
 of Aristotle’s views, 357, 1 b. Theories and 
 discoveries of the alchemists, 2 ab; I. 260, 
 2 c ; 261, 1 a, b. First chemical theory, IV. 
 357, 2 be. Views of Albertus Magnus, 358, 
 1 c; of Basil Valentine, 2 b; of Paracelsus 
 and others of the 16th century, 359, 1 a. 
 Modern chemistry, 360, 1 c. Rational no¬ 
 menclature originated, 364, 1 a. Dalton’s 
 atomic theory, 365, 2 c. Gay-Lussac’s law 
 of combining volumes, 366, 1 be. Recent 
 French chemists, 368, 2 ab. A new epoch 
 indicated, 370, 1 ab. Allotropism, 2 a. 
 Establishment of the first chemical works: 
 see Chaptal, IV. 269, 2 c. 
 
 Chemistry, the new , arrangement of elements, 
 II. 88, 1 c. 
 
 Chemmis [kem'-mis]: see Cheops. 
 
 Cliemnitius: see Chemnitz, Martin. 
 
 Chemnitz [kem'-nits], city of Saxony, IV. 371. 
 
 Chemnitz, Martin, German reformer, IV. 371. 
 Philipp Bogislav von, historian, 372, 1 b. 
 
 Chemnitzer, Ivan Ivanovitch, Russian fabulist, 
 IV. 372. 
 
 CnEMosn [ke'-mosh], Semitic idol, IV. 372. 
 
 Ghemo'sis, in ophthalmia, XII. 645, 1 a. 
 
 Chemung [she-mung'], county, IV. 372. 
 
 Chenab: see Chenaub. 
 
 ChenaVopex [ke-], (ornithology), VIII. 105, 
 1 a. C. iEgyptiacus, ib. 
 
 Chenango [she-nang'-go], county, IV. 372. 
 
 Chenango River, New York, IV. 373. 
 
 Chenapan or snaphaunce, lock of a musket 
 (ill.), XII. 98, 1 b. 
 
 Chenappatam' , original name of Madras, X. 
 832, 1 c. 
 
 Chenaub', river of Hindostan, IV. 373. 
 
 Chenavard, Paul [shuh-na-var], French paint¬ 
 er, IV. 373. 
 
 Chendaree', town of Hindostan, IV. 373. 
 
 CnEN'Evix, Richard, Irish author and chemist, 
 IV. 373. 
 
 Cheng, Chinese organ, XIV. 242, 1 c. 
 
 CnENiER, Louis do [sha-nya], French histo¬ 
 rian, IV. 373. Andr6 Marie de, poet, 2 be. 
 
190 
 
 CHENONCEAUX 
 
 CHESTERFIELD 
 
 Marie Joseph, poet, 374, 1 ab. Chant du 
 depart , 1 b. 
 
 Chenonceaux, Castle of [shiih-no^-so]: see 
 Blere, II. 710, 2 c (ill., 711). 
 
 Chenopis atra'ta [ken'-o-pis], (ornithology), 
 XV. 501, 1 a. 
 
 Chenopodia'cece [ke-], (botany), XIII. 509, 1 b. 
 Chenopo'dium (botany), XIII. 508, 2 ab. C. 
 album, 509, 1 a (ill., 508). C. ambrosioides 
 or anthelminticum, XVI. 730, 1 c (ill.). C. 
 quinoa, VI. 34, 2 c; XIII. 338, 1 c. 
 
 Chenot, Claude Bernard Adrien [shuh-no], 
 French engineer, IV. 374. 
 
 Cheops [ke'-ops], king of Egypt, IV. 374. 
 
 Pyramid of, XIY. 105, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Chep'stow, town of England, IY. 375. Castle 
 of, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Chequy [chek'-e], in heraldry, YIII. 673, 1 a. 
 
 See plate (after p. 670). 
 
 Cher [shair], river of France, IY. 375. 
 
 Cher, department of France, IY. 375. 
 Cherasco [ka-ras'-ko], town of Italy, IY. 375. 
 Cherbourg [shair-boor], seaport of France, IV. 
 375 ; view, 376. Breakwater, 2 be; III. 
 235, 1 b (ill., 236). Destruction of the Ala¬ 
 bama by the Kearsarge, IY. 376, 2 c. 
 Cherbuliez, Antoine Elis6e [shair-bii-lya], 
 Swiss political economist, IY. 376. Victor, 
 author, 377, 1 ab. Andre and Joel, writers, 
 
 1 a. Adrienne and Caroline, writers, ib. 
 Mme. Tourte-Cherbuliez, novelist, ib. 
 
 Cheri, Rose Marie Cizos [sha-re], French ac¬ 
 tress, IY. 377. 
 
 Chermars , degraded class in Malabar, XI. 47, 
 
 2 ab. 
 
 Cher'okee, six counties, IY. 377. 
 
 Cherokee , county seat, IY. 377, 2 c. 
 Cherokees, Indian tribe, IY. 378. A Chero¬ 
 kee (ill.), ib. Cherokee agency, treaty of, 
 379, 1 be. Removal from Georgia, 2 a; IX. 
 493,1 be. Cherokee alphabet, YIII. 300,1 b. 
 Cheroot [she-root'], IY. 579,1 ab ; XV. 782, 2 c. 
 Cherry, fruit tree, IY. 380. Common cherry, 
 1 b (ill.). American wild cherry, 2 ab (ill.). 
 Choke cherry, 2 c. European wild cherry, 
 381, 1 a. 
 
 Cherry , ground or winter , XIII. 481, 1 b. 
 Cherry birch , II. 648, 1 a. 
 
 Cherry Laurel, evergreen shrub, IY. 381 (ill.). 
 Cherry pie (heliotrope), YIII. 620, 2 ab. 
 Cherry-tree gum , YIII. 321, 1 be. 
 
 Cherson : see Kherson. 
 
 Chersonese [kur-so-neece']: see Chersonesus. 
 Cheesone'sus, peninsula, IY. 381. Thracian, 
 
 2 a. Tauric, 2 ab; Y. 484, 2 c. Cimbric, 
 IY. 381, 2 b; IX. 730, 1 a. Aurea Cherso- 
 nesus, IY. 381, 2 be; XI. 59, 1 c. 
 
 Chert'sey, town of England, IY. 381. 
 
 Cher'ub, symbolical figure, IY. 382. Cheru¬ 
 bim, 1 a. 
 
 Cherubini , Laertius [ka-roo-be'-ne], Roman 
 lawyer, III. 719, 2 b. 
 
 Cherubini, Maria Luigi Carlo Zenobio Salva¬ 
 tore, Italian composer, IY. 382; XII. 92,1 c. 
 
 Cherusci [ke-rus'-sl], ancient German tribe, 
 IY. 383. 
 
 Chervin, Nicolas [shair-va ng ], French physi¬ 
 cian, IY. 383. 
 
 Chery, Philippe [sha-re], French painter, IY. 
 383. 
 
 Ches'apeake , IT. S. frigate, captured by the 
 British ship Leopard, II. 338, 1 a, if. 
 
 Chesapeake and Ohio canal , III. 686, 1 a. 
 
 Chesapeake and Shannon , naval engagement of 
 the: see Broke, HI. 306, and Lawrence, X. 
 234, 1 c. 
 
 Chesapeake Bay, United States, IY. 383. 
 
 Chesebro' 1 , Caroline, American authoress, IY. 
 383. 
 
 Cheshire [chesh'-er], county of New Hamp¬ 
 shire, IY. 383. 
 
 Cheshire, county of England, IY. 384. 
 
 Chesne, Andre du: see Duchesne. 
 
 Chesney, Francis Rawdon, English soldier, 
 IY. 384. 
 
 Chess, and Brome Grass, plants, IY. 384 (ill.). 
 Soft chess, 385, 1 a (ill.). See YIII. 169, 
 1 b; XYI. 587, 1 c. 
 
 Chess, a game, IY. 385. Modern chess, 2 a. 
 Writers on it, 2 ab. Chess board, 2 c (ill., 
 386). Rules, and the laws of the game, 386, 
 1 b. Openings, and their inventors, 2 a 
 Problems, 2 c. 
 
 Chest, of the human body, IY. 387. Its 
 cavities, 1 c. 
 
 Chester, two counties, IY. 387. 
 
 Chester , county seat, XIY. 199, 2 b. 
 
 Chester , county of England: see Cheshire. 
 
 Chester, city of Pennsylvania, IY. 388. 
 
 Chester, city of England, IY. 388. Walls of, 
 1 be. Watergate row (ill.), 2 a. Stanley 
 house, 2 a (ilk). Castle, 2 c; proposed at¬ 
 tack on by Fenians, VII. 128, 1 a. St. 
 John’s collegiate church, IY. 389, 1 a. Earl 
 of Chester, title of the prince of Wales, 1 c. 
 
 Chesterfield, two counties, IY. 389. 
 
 Chesterfield, town of England, IY. 389. 
 
 Chesterfield, Philip Dormer Stanhope, earl 
 
CHESTERFIELD 
 
 CHICKEN 
 
 191 
 
 of, English statesman, IV. 389. Bill for the 
 reformation of the calendar, 390, 1 a. His 
 letters, ib. Lord Chesterfield and Dr. John¬ 
 son, IX. 664, 1 ab; 665, 2 a. 
 
 Chesterfield Court House, county seats, IV. 
 389, 2 a, b (two). 
 
 Chesterfield Inlet, IV. 390. 
 
 Ciiester-le-Street, parish of England, IV. 390. 
 
 Chestertown , county seat, IX. 793, 2 b. 
 
 Chesterville , county seat, IV. 388, 1 a. 
 
 Chestnut [ches'-nut], tree, IV. 390 (ill.). Use 
 of in landscape painting, 2 ab. Chestnut 
 tree on Mt. Etna, 2 be (ill., 391). Oldest in 
 England, 390, 2 c; in France, ib.: see I. 
 184, 2 a. Chinquapin (an American species), 
 IV. 391, 2 b (ill.). Sweet chestnut of Mt. 
 Etna, I. 184, 1 a. 
 
 Chestnut ridge , in the Appalachian mountains, 
 I. 590, 2 b, c. 
 
 Chetah : see Leopard, X. 355, 1 a. 
 
 Chetore': see Chitore. 
 
 Chevalier, Michel [shuh-va-lya], French po¬ 
 litical economist, IV. 391; VI. 595, 2 b, c; 
 XIII. 678, 1 c. 
 
 Chevalier , Sulpice Guillaume Paul , carica¬ 
 turist : see Gavarni. 
 
 Chevalier dHon: see Lon de Beaumont. 
 
 Chevalier sans peur et sans reproche [shuh-va- 
 lya sa ng pur a sa ng ruh-prush], II. 406, 2 b. 
 
 Chevalier of St. George [shev-a-leer'], assumed 
 name, IX. 521, 1 b. 
 
 Cheverus, Jean Louis Anne Madeleine Le- 
 febvre de [shev'-e-rus; Fr. shuh-vriis], first 
 Roman Catholic bishop of Boston, IV. 392. 
 
 Cheves, Langdon [cheevz], American states¬ 
 man, IV. 393. 
 
 Cheviot Hills, IV. 393. “Chevy Chase” 
 (ballad), alluded to, 2 a. 
 
 CnEVREUL, Michel Eugene [shuh-vrul], French 
 chemist, IV. 393. His investigations of ani¬ 
 mal and vegetable oils and fats, III. 698, 2 a. 
 His color chart, V. 97, 2 b; law for hues 
 and tones, 98, 2 b. 
 
 Chevreuse, Marie de Rohan-Montbazon, duch¬ 
 ess de [shuh-vriiz], IV. 394; X. 173, 1 c. 
 
 Chevron [shev'-run], in heraldry, VIII. 672, 
 1 c. Per chevron, 671, 2 c. See plate 
 (after p. 670). 
 
 Chevronel, in heraldry, VIII. 672, 2 a. 
 
 Chev'y Chase , ballad, IV. 393, 2 a. 
 
 CnE'wiNK, bird, IV. 394 (ill.). 
 
 Cheyenne [sha-yen'], county, IV. 394. 
 
 CnEYENNE, capital of Wyoming territory, IV. 
 394. 
 
 CnEYENNES, nation of Indians, IV. 394. 
 Ciieyne, George [chain], British physician, 
 IV. 395. Treatise on the “English mal¬ 
 ady,” 2 ab. 
 
 Cheynell, Francis [cha'-nel], English clergy¬ 
 man, IV. 395. See Chillingworth, IV. 
 434, 1 b. 
 
 Chezy, Antoine Leonard de [sha-ze], French 
 orientalist, IV. 395. Wilhelmine Christiane 
 von, German authoress, 396, 1 a. Wilhelm, 
 journalist and litterateur, 1 b. Max, paint¬ 
 er, ib. 
 
 Chhandas period , in Indian literature, IX. 
 222, 2 c. 
 
 Chianti [kyan'-te], wine of, IX. 468, 2 a. 
 Chiapas [che-a'-pass], state of Mexico, IV. 396. 
 
 Ruins of cities and monuments, 2 ab. 
 Ciiiaramonte [kya-ra-mone'-ta], town of Sicily, 
 IV. 396. 
 
 Chiaramonti, Barnaba Luigi (Pope Pius VII.), 
 XIII. 560, 1 a. 
 
 CniARi [kya'-re], town of Italy, IV. 396. 
 Chiaroscuro [kya-ro-skoo'-ro], in painting, 
 
 IV. 396. First of the Roman masters to 
 employ it, III. 767, 1 b. 
 
 Ciiiavari [kya-va'-re], town of Italy, IV. 396. 
 Chiavenna, town of Italy, IV. 397. 
 Chibchacum , national deity of the Chibchas, 
 XII. 107, 2 c. 
 
 Chibchas: see Muyscas. Chibchas of Colom¬ 
 bia, V. 88, 2 a. Spanish expedition against 
 them, XVI. 759, 1 a. 
 
 Chibucto , first name of Halifax, N. S., II. 483, 2 b. 
 Chica [che'-ka], fermented liquor of Chili, IV. 
 429, 1 a. 
 
 Chioacole : see Cicacole. 
 
 CmcAGO [she-ka'-go], city of Illinois, IV. 397. 
 Chicago before the fire (ill.), 398 ; after the 
 fire (ill.), 407. Site, 397, 1 b. Population, 
 2 c. Climate, 398, 1 a. Description, 2 a. 
 Parks, 399, 1 ab. Railroads, 2 be. Com¬ 
 merce, 400, 1 b. Government, 404, 1 a. 
 Manufactures, 403, 2 a. Water supply, 2 b. 
 Finances, 405,1 ab. Education, 2 a. News¬ 
 paper press, 406,1 a. Art, &c., 1 b. Churches, 
 1 c. History, 2 be. The great fire, 407,1 c; 
 
 V. 237, 2 c. 
 
 Chicago river , IV. 397, 1 be. 
 
 Chicago wells , artesian, I. 777, 1 b. 
 
 Chic'cory, plant, IV. 408 (ill.). Mixture of 
 coffee and chiccory, legalized article of 
 traffic, 2 b. Adulterations, 2 c. 
 
 Chicken, or Chichen Itza [che-chain' eet-sa'], 
 ruined city of Mexico, IV. 408 (ill., 409). 
 
192 
 
 CHICHESTER 
 
 CHILPERIC 
 
 Chich'ester, city of England, IY. 409. Chiches¬ 
 ter cathedral, 1 be (ill.). 
 
 Chichimecs [che-che-meks'J, Mexican tribe, XI. 
 472, 1 b, ff. 
 
 Chickadee': see Blackcap, II. 676, 2 c. 
 
 Chick AnoM'iNY, river of Virginia, IY. 409. 
 Battles of the: Williamsburg, 410,1 c; Han¬ 
 over Court House, 411, la; Seven Pines 
 and Fair Oaks, 1 b; Mechanicsville, 413, 
 1 ab ; Cold Harbor, 2 a; Savage’s Station, 
 414, 2 a; Frazier’s farm, 415, 1 a; Malvern 
 Hill, 2 c; second Cold Harbor, 416, 2 c. The 
 “ seven days’ battles,” 2 a. 
 
 Chickamau'ga, Battle of, IY. 417. 
 
 Chickaree', red squirrel, IY. 418 (ill.). 
 Chick'asaw, two counties, IY. 418. 
 
 Chickasaw Bayou, Battle of, IY. 418. 
 Chickasaws, nation of Indians, IY. 418. 
 
 Treaties with, 419, 1 c, ff. 
 
 Chicken-breasted: see Rickets, XIY. 324, 1 ab. 
 Chicken Pox, disease, IY. 420. 
 
 Chicken Snake, IY. 420 (ill.). 
 
 Chickering, Jonas, American pianoforte manu¬ 
 facturer, IY. 421. 
 
 Chiclana [che-kla'-na], town of Spain, IY. 421. 
 Chicopee', town of Massachusetts, IY. 421. 
 Chic'ory : see Chiccory. 
 
 Chicot [she'-ko], county, IY. 421. 
 
 Chicoutimi [she-koo-te-me'], county, IY. 421. 
 Chicsoi, river: see Usumasinta. 
 
 Chief,\ in heraldry, VIII. 672, 1 b. See plate. 
 Chieri [kya'-re], town of Italy, IY. 421. 
 
 Chiesa della Santa Casa [kya'-za del'-la san'- 
 ta k&'-za], church in Loreto, X. 641, 2 a. 
 Chieti [kya'-te], province of Italy : see Abruz- 
 zo Citeriore. 
 
 Chieti, city of Italy, IY. 421. 
 
 Chietines [ke-a'-tins], order of, IY. 421, 2 c. 
 Chigi [ke'-je], Roman family, IY. 421. Chigi- 
 Zondadavi branch, 2 c. Fabio, Pope Alex¬ 
 ander VII., ib., and I. 280, 2 ab. Chigi 
 palace and library, IY. 421, 2 c. Chigi- 
 Albani, Don Sigismondo, prince, 422, 1 a. 
 Flavio, papal nuncio, ib. 
 
 Chigo [che'-go], species of flea, IY. 422 (ill.). 
 Chihuahua [che-wa'-wa], state of Mexico, IY. 
 
 422. Capital city, 2 b. 
 
 Chilblain, IY. 422. 
 
 Child, Sir Josiah, English merchant, IY. 422. 
 Observations on trade and the interest of 
 money, XIII. 666, 1 be. 
 
 Child, Lydia Maria, American authoress, IY. 
 
 423. 
 
 Childbed fever : see Puerperal Fever. 
 
 Childbirth : see Obstetrics. 
 
 Childebert [shil'-de-bert; Fr. sheel-duh-bair], 
 king of the Franks, IV. 423 ; I. 373, 2 c. 
 Childebert II. and III.: see Brunehaut, and 
 Merovingians. 
 
 Childeric [shil'-de-rik], kings of the Franks: 
 
 see Merovingians. 
 
 Childhood , period of, I. 180, 2 c. 
 
 Children, John George, English electrician, 
 IY. 423. 
 
 Children of the Light: see Friends, VII. 493, 
 2 ab. 
 
 Children's aid society , Hew York, III. 177, 
 
 1 ab; XII. 397, 2 ab. 
 
 Children's festival , at Christmas, IY. 551,1 ab. 
 Children of the sun, in Gnosticism, YIII. 54, 2 c. 
 Chile [che'-la]: see Chili. 
 
 Chili [chil'-e], republic of South America, IV. 
 423. Map, 424. Topography, 425, 1 a. 
 Hydrography, 2 a. Islands, 2 c. Climate, 
 426, 1 a. Earthquakes, 2 a. Geology, 2 c. 
 Mines, 427, 1 b. Soil and productions, 2 b. 
 Animals, 428, 1 a. Population, 2 a. Re¬ 
 ligion, 429, 1 ab. Education, 1 b. Agricul¬ 
 ture, 1 c. Manufactures, 2 b. Commerce, 
 
 2 c. Government, 430,1 b. History, 431, 2 c. 
 Chilian clover, X. 703, 2 a. 
 
 Chilian mill, in gold mining, YIII. 84, 2 a. 
 Chiliasm [kil'-e-asm]: see Millennium. 
 Chiliast : see Millennium. 
 
 Chilka lake, India, II. 524, 1 ab. 
 
 Chilli, fruit of capsicum, YIII. 279, 2 ab. 
 Chillicoth'e, city of Ohio, IY. 433. 
 
 Chillicothe, county seat, X. 545, 2 a. 
 
 Chillies : see Capsicum, III. 761, 2 a. 
 Chillingworth, William, English divine and 
 controversialist, IY. 433. 
 
 Chillon, Castle of [she-yo Dg ], IY. 434. 
 
 Chills and fever, VII. 164, 2 c. 
 
 Chilmaree : see Chilmari. 
 
 Chilmari [chil-ma'-re], town of India, IY. 434. 
 Chilo [kl'-lo], one of the seven wise men of 
 Greece, IY. 434. 
 
 Ciiiloe [che'-lo-a], province of Chili, IY. 434. 
 Island, 435, 1 a. 
 
 Chilognatha [kl-log'-na-tha], order of myria- 
 poda, IY. 203, 1 be. 
 
 Chilon : see Chilo. 
 
 Chilopoda [kl-lop'-o-da], order of myriapoda, 
 IY. 203, 1 c. 
 
 Chilperic I. [shil'-pe-rik], king of Neustria: 
 
 see Fredegonda and Brunehaut. 
 
 Chilperic II.: see Merovingians, XI. 412, 
 1 be. 
 
CHILTERN 
 
 CHINCHILLA 
 
 193 
 
 CniLTEKN Hundreds, district of England, IY. 
 
 435. Stewardship of the, 1 a. 
 
 Chilton , county seat, III. G28, 2 c. 
 
 Chimera, [kl-me'-ra], in mythology, IY. 485 
 
 (ill.). 
 
 Chimera (ichthyology), IV. 435. See Sea 
 Cat, XIV. 727, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Chimeerce , in gem engraving, YII. 663, 2 be. 
 CniMAp'niLA, drug, IY. 436. C. umbellata, 
 plant, 1 a. C. maculata, ib. 
 
 Chimara, or Khimara [ke-ma'-ra]: see Cerau- 
 nian Mountains, IY. 209, 1 a. 
 
 Chimari [ke-ma'-re]: see Chimara (Index). 
 Chimay [she-ma], principality of Belgium, IY. 
 
 436. 
 
 Chimay, Jeanne Marie Ignace Th6rese, princess 
 of (Mine. Tallien), IY. 436. 
 
 CniMBORAzo [cheem-bo-ra'-tho], mountain of 
 Ecuador, IY. 436 (ill.). 
 
 Chimes, set of bells, IY. 437. 
 
 Chimney, IY. 437. Ignorance of in ancient 
 times, 2 b. In deep mines, for ventilation, 
 438, 1 b. Principles of construction, 1 c. 
 Smoky chimneys, 2 c. Tall chimneys, 439,1 b. 
 Chimneys, the , precipices in Virginia, II. 109, 
 2 c ; YII. 480, 2 c. 
 
 Chimney swallow , European, XY. 498, 1 c; 
 American, 520, 1 c. 
 
 CniMPAN'zEE, a species of ape, IY. 439 (ill.). 
 Chimseyans, nation of Indians, IY. 440. 
 
 Chin , found only in man, Y. 176, 1 c. 
 
 Chin Indians, II. 85, 2 b (Atnahs). 
 
 China, empire of Asia, IY. 440. (Map.) China 
 proper, 2 b. Coast line, 2 c. Topography, 
 441, 1 b. Rivers, 442, 2 a. Canals, 443, 
 2 be. Roads, 444, 2 a. Climate, 2 ab. Soils 
 and productions, 445, 1 ab. Animals, 446, 
 1 a. Mineral resources, 2 a. Inhabitants, 
 447, 1 c. Domestic and social life, 448, 1 b. 
 Population, 449, 1 c. Language, 450, 1 a. 
 Agriculture, 1 b. Manufactures, 2 ab. Com¬ 
 merce, 2 c. Money, 451,2 c. Statistics of for¬ 
 eign trade, 452,1 b. Emigration, 2 c. Educa¬ 
 tion, 453, 2 a. Religion, 454, 1 c. Govern¬ 
 ment, 455, 1 c. Laws, 456, 2 b. Military, 
 457, 1 a. Great wall, 2 b (ill., 458).—His¬ 
 tory, 2 c. Introduction of Buddhism, 459, 
 1 a. Christianity introduced, 1 b. First 
 Mongol dynasty established, 1 c; overthrown, 
 ib. First Roman Catholic missionaries, ib. 
 Present Mantchoo dynasty established, 2 ab. 
 First Protestant missionarv, 2 c. The British 
 obtain a foothold in China, 460, 1 a. Opium 
 war, 2 a. Treaties with the United States 
 13 
 
 and France in 1844, 2 c. Precarious rela¬ 
 tions with foreign states, ib. War with 
 Great Britain and France, 461, 2 ab. Fruitless 
 negotiations with Great Britain, France, and 
 the United States, 2 c. Shameful treatment 
 of an English flag of truce, 463,1 b, 2 a. De¬ 
 struction of the summer palace, 1 c. Im¬ 
 proved relations with foreign powers, 2 ab. 
 Taiping rebellion, 2 b. Late Mohammedan 
 rebellions, 464, 1 be. Mission of Mr. Bur¬ 
 lingame, 2 ab. Outbreak against foreigners 
 in 1870, 2 be. First recognition of interna¬ 
 tional law by China, III. 460, 1 c. 
 
 China, Language and Literature of, IY. 464. 
 Colloquial language, 2 c. Book language, 
 467, 2 ab. Literature, 470, 2 c. The King, 
 or “ Classics,” 471, 1 c; the secondary clas¬ 
 sics, 472, 2 b. Histories, 474, 2 be. Geogra¬ 
 phy, 477, 2 a. Official repertories, 478, 1 c. 
 Works on the constitution, 2 a. Catalogues, 
 2 b. Novels, 2 c. Orthodox writers (phi¬ 
 losophers), 479, 2 a. Works on agriculture, 
 480, 1 be. Medical treatises, 1 c. Astro¬ 
 nomical and mathematical works, 2 b. As¬ 
 trological works, 481, 1 c. Cyclopiedias, 
 2 a. Miscellaneous works, 2 c. Taouist 
 works, 482, 1 b. Poetry and polite litera¬ 
 ture, 2 a. Individual collections, 2 b. An¬ 
 thologies, 483, 1 a. Literary collections, 
 2 b. Printing, 2 c. Sinology, 484, 1 c. 
 Dictionaries, 2 b. Grammars, 485, 1 ab. 
 See Indo-Chinese Races and Languages. 
 
 Chinab [che-nab']: see Chenaub. 
 
 China-blue style, in calico printing, III. 597, 2 
 ab. 
 
 China, Dresden, XIII. 784, 2 b. Sevres, 785, 
 2 a; 786, 2 ab ; 791, 1 c; 791, 2 b. 
 
 China grass, XIY. 195, 1 be. 
 
 Chinampas , floating gardens of Mexico, VII: 
 273, 2 c. 
 
 Chinandega [che-nan-da'-ga], town of Nicara¬ 
 gua, IY. 485. 
 
 China root , XY. 114, 1 a. 
 
 China Sea, IY. 485. 
 
 China Ware: see Pottery and Porcelain, 
 XIII. 783, 1 c. 
 
 Chincha Islands, Peru, IY. 486 (ill.). Guano 
 workings (ill.), 1 b. 
 
 CiHNcnAYcocnA [clieen-chi-ko'-cha], lake of 
 Peru, IY. 486. 
 
 Cnmcn Bug, IY. 486 (ill.); VIII. 629, 2 ab. 
 
 CniNcnn/LA, animal, IY. 487. C. lanigera, 
 1 c (ill.). C. brevicaudata, ib. Its fur, YII. 
 538, 2 b. 
 
194 
 
 CHINCHILLA 
 
 CHIUSA 
 
 Chinchilla [cheen-che'-lya], city of Spain, IV. 
 487. 
 
 Chincough: see Whooping Cough. 
 
 Chine ribbon [she-na'J, XIV. 306, 1 be. 
 
 Chinese dates, fruit, IX. 709, 2 b. 
 
 Chinese emigration , III. 599, 1 be; IV. 452, 2 c; 
 
 VI. 577, 1 c. 
 
 Chinese fowls , IV. 783, 1 ab. 
 
 Chinese galls , XV. 463, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Chinese ink: see India ink (Index). 
 
 Chinese lac , II. 249, 2 c. 
 
 Chinese queue: see Mantchooria, XI. 127,1 a. 
 Chinese sugar cane , XV. 170, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Chinese Tartary : see Turkistan, XVI. 66, 2 a. 
 Chinese writing: see Alphabet, I. 348, 2 b, 
 and China, Language and Literature of. 
 Ching-king: see Shing-king. 
 
 Chingleput', town of British India, IV. 487. 
 Ching-wang (Tsin-chi hwang-ti), emperor of 
 China, builder of the great wall, IV. 458, 2 c. 
 CniN-lNDiA, IV. 488; VI. 378, 2 b. 
 
 Chinnereth , sea of [kin'-ner-eth]: see Gennes- 
 aret. 
 
 Chinon [she-no ng ], town of France, IV. 488. 
 Chinone [ki'-none], a volatile substance, X. 12, 
 1 c. 
 
 Chinooks, family of Indian tribes, IV. 488; 
 
 VII. 260, 2 c; 261, 1 a. Chinook jargon, 
 IV. 488, 1 b. 
 
 Chinsoo'ra, town of British India, IV. 488. 
 Chinsura [chin-soo'-ra]: see Chinsoora. 
 Chiococcus [kl-o-kok'-kus], (botany), III. 550, 
 1 c. 
 
 Chioggia [kyod'-ja], seaport of Italy, IV. 488. 
 Chionanthus Virginica [kl-o-nan'-thus], (bota¬ 
 ny), VII. 500, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Chionis [kl'-o-nis], (ornithology), XIV. 834, 2 a. 
 Chios [ke'-os]: see Scio. 
 
 Chiozza [kyot'-sa]: see Chioggia. 
 
 Chip bird , XV. 229, 2 ab. 
 
 Chipman, Nathaniel, American jurist, IV. 488. 
 
 Daniel, jurist, 489, 1 b. 
 
 Chipmunk, ground squirrel, IV. 489 (ill.). 
 Chippenham [chip'-num], borough of England, 
 IV. 489. 
 
 Chip'pewa, river of Wisconsin, IV. 489. 
 Chippewa, three counties, IV. 490. 
 
 Chippewa, village of Canada, IV. 490. Battle 
 of, 1 be; X. 802, 1 a. 
 
 Chippewa City, county seat (now Montevideo), 
 IV. 490, 1 b. 
 
 Chippewa Falls, county seat, IV. 490, 1 b. 
 Chippewas : see Ojibways. 
 
 Chippewyans: see Tinne. In the Northwest 
 
 territories, XII. 503, 2 a. Origin of the 
 name, IX. 787, 2 b (Chipeweyan). 
 
 Chiquimula [che-ke-moo'-la], department of 
 Guatemala, IV. 490. Chiquimula de la Sier¬ 
 ra, capital, 2 a. Isthmus of, 2 ab. 
 
 Chiquitos [che-ke'-toce], Indian tribe of South 
 America, IV. 490; III. 10, 2 b. 
 
 Chiquitos, province of Bolivia, IV. 491. 
 
 Chiragra [ki-ra'-gra], gout in the hands, VIII. 
 132, 2 a. 
 
 Chiriguanes [che-re-gwa'-nace], tribe of S. 
 American Indians, XVI. 41, 1 ab, 2 a. 
 
 Chiriqui [che-re-ke'], province of Panama, IV. 
 491. Eiver and lagoon, 2 b. Archipelago, 
 mountain, and desert, ib. 
 
 Chirodota arena'ta [ki-ro-do'-ta], echinoderm, 
 XIV. 728, 2 a. 
 
 CniROMANCY [kl'-ro-man-se], a method of for¬ 
 tune telling, IV. 491. 
 
 Chiron [kl'-ron], centaur, IV. 492. Referred 
 to, I. 64, 2 a. 
 
 Chironectes variega'tus [ki-ro-nek'-teez], (zool¬ 
 ogy), XVI. 770, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Chiros'opher, the, sobriquet: see Bulwer, John, 
 III. 433, 2 ab. 
 
 Chirur'gery : see Surgery. 
 
 CmsAGO [che-saw'-go], county, IV. 492. 
 
 Chisago City, county seat, IV. 493, 1 a. 
 
 Chisholm, Caroline [chiz'-um], English philan¬ 
 thropist, IV. 493. (Died 1877.) 
 
 Chiswick [chiz'-ik], village of England, IV. 
 493. Chiswick house, 1 be. 
 
 Chiton [kl'-ton], genus of marine animals, IV. 
 493. C. squamosus and C. spinosus (ill.), 1 c. 
 
 Chitore [che-tore'J, town of British India, IV. 
 493. Pillar of victory, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Chitradurg [che-tra-doorg'J: see Chittel- 
 droog. 
 
 Chittagaon : see Chittagong. 
 
 Chittagong', district of British India, IV. 494. 
 Capital, 1 be. 
 
 Chittagong fowls, IV. 780, 2 ab; 782, 2 c. 
 
 Chitteldroog', town of British India, IV. 494. 
 
 Chittenden, county, IV. 494. 
 
 Chittenden, Thomas, first governor of Ver¬ 
 mont, IV. 494. Martin, judge and governor, 
 495, 1 a. 
 
 Chittor: see Chitore. 
 
 Chittorgurh' : see Chitore. 
 
 Chitty, Joseph, English law r yer, IV. 495, 
 
 Chiusa [ku'-za], Italian word for a narrow 
 mountain pass, IV. 495. Chiusa di Pesio [de 
 pa'-ze-o], town of Italy, 1 c. Chiusa Scla.~ 
 fani [skla-fa'-ne], town of Sicily, ib. 
 
CHIUSI 
 
 CHOISEUL-GOUFFIER 
 
 195 
 
 Cniusi [ku'-ze], city of Italy, IV. 495 (ill.). 
 Chivalry [shiv'-al-re, or chiv'-], IV. 495. Its 
 germs, 1 c. Formal establishment of, 496, 
 
 1 b. Training, 1 c. Knights and squires, 
 
 2 a. Characteristics of knighthood, 497, 1 a. 
 Decay of chivalry, 2 c. 
 
 Chivas [Fr. she-vas]: see CmvAsso. 
 
 CmvAsso [ke-vas'-so], city of Italy, IV. 498. 
 Chives: see Onion, XII. 631, 2 b. 
 
 CnLADNi, Ernst Florens Friedrich [ k hlad'-ne], 
 German physicist, IV. 498. His nodal sound 
 figures, I. 71, 2 b (ill.). Theory of meteoric 
 showers, 143, 2 be. 
 
 Chlamyd'era (ornithology), III. 166, 2 ab. 
 
 C. maculata, 2 b. C. nuchalis, 2 be. 
 Chlamydoph'orus: see Chlamypiiorus. 
 CnLAMYPn'oRus, edentate mammal, IV. 498 
 (ill.). C. truncatus, 2 b. 
 
 Chlam'ys, Greek outer garment, IV. 499. 
 Chlopicki, Jozef [ k hlo-pits'-ke], Polish general 
 and dictator,,IV. 499. 
 
 Chlo'eal, chemical compound, IV. 499. Its 
 synonymes, 2 c. Preparation of, ib. Chloral 
 hydrate as an anesthetic and hypnotic, 500, 
 2 ab. 
 
 Chloral'um, chloride of aluminum, IV. 500; 
 
 I. 369, la. Asa disinfectant, VI. 134, 1 c. 
 Chlorate of potassa powders, VII. 38, 1 a. 
 Chlorates, IV. 501 ; 502, 1 b. 
 
 Chloric Ether, IV. 501. 
 
 Chloride of barium [klo'-rid], II. 313, 1 c. 
 Chloride of calcium , X. 478, 1 be; 480, 1 
 ab. 
 
 Chloride of ethyl, I. 265, 2 a. 
 
 Chloride of gold, VIII. 85, 1 c. 
 
 Chloride of lime, first prepared, II. 704, 1 b. 
 
 Use of in bleaching, ib., and 706, 2 a. 
 Chloride of nitrogen, VII. 38, 2 ab. 
 Chloeim'etry, IV. 501. 
 
 Chlorination process, in gold refining, VIII. 
 
 85, 1 c. Referred to, XI. 620, 2 a. 
 Chlorine [klo'-rin], gas, IV. 501. Its prep¬ 
 aration, 2 a; character, 2 b. Bleaching 
 properties, 502, 1 a; II. 704, 1 b, If., 2 be; 
 705, 2 ab. See Bleaching Powder. Sanitary 
 and medical uses, IV. 502, 1 ab; VI. 134, 1 a. 
 Compounds of, IV. 502, 1 b. Luminosity 
 of flame increased by it, VII. 255, 1 c. 
 Chloris, one of the Horae, VIII. 816, 1 c. 
 Chlo'rodyne, name of secret preparations, 
 IV. 502. 
 
 Chloroform, IV. 502. Synonymes, 1 c. Dis¬ 
 covery of, ib .; X. 415, 2 c. Introduction 
 into medical practice, IV. 502, 2 c. Value 
 
 as an anaesthetic, 503, 1 be. Preference of 
 ether, 2 a. 
 
 Chlorohydric acid: see Hydrochloric Acid. 
 Chlorometer, invention of, VII. 653, 2 b. 
 CnLORO-METH'YL, IV. 503. 
 
 CiiLo'ROPnYL, green coloring matter in plants, 
 IV. 504; X. 265,1 a and be, 267, 2 b ; XIII. 
 581, 1 c; II. 373, 1 be. 
 
 Chloroplat'mates: see Platinum, XIII. 600, 
 
 1 be. 
 
 Chloro'sis, disease, IV. 504. Medical treat 
 inent, 2 b. 
 
 Chloros'oma verna'Us (zoology), V. 114, 2 b. 
 Chlorosperms: see Alg^e, I. 300, 2 b. 
 Chlorox'ylon Swiete'nia (botany), XIV. 638, 
 
 2 ab. 
 
 Ciimielnicki, Bogdan ^hmyel-nyits'-ke], chief 
 of revolted Cossacks, IV. 505. 
 
 Choana [ko-a'-na], site of, X. 61, 2 be (Kum). 
 Choaspes [ko-as'-peez], river, IX. 823, 2 ab. 
 Choate, Rufus [chote], American lawyer, IV. 
 505. 
 
 CnociM [ k ho'-chim] : see KnoTiN. 
 
 Cnoco [cho'-ko], district of Colombia, IV. 506. 
 Bays, 2 c. 
 
 Choc'olate, IV. 506. 
 
 Chocolate corn, XV. 170, 1 ab. 
 
 Choctaw, two counties, IV. 506. 
 
 CnocTAws, Indian nation, IV. 506 (ill., 507). 
 Treaty of Hopewell, 507, 1 a; of Doak’s 
 Stand, 1 c. Government, 2 a. Language, 2 b. 
 CnoDOwiECKi, Daniel Nikolaus [ k ho-do-vyets'- 
 ke], German painter and engraver, IV. 507. 
 Wilhelm, engraver, 508, 1 a. 
 
 Chodzko, Alexander Boreyko [ k hoj'-ko], Polish 
 traveller, linguist, and poet, IV. 508. 
 CnoDZKO, Jakob Leonard, Polish scholar, IV. 
 508. 
 
 Chcenix [ke'-nix], Greek dry measure, IV. 508. 
 CncERiLUS [ke'-re-lus], Athenian tragic poet, 
 IV. 508. Greek epic poet, 2 a. 
 
 Chce'ropus (zoology), II. 268, 2 be. 
 
 Chogset, salt-water perch, XIII. 284, 1 b. 
 
 Choi : see Khoi. 
 
 Choin, Marie Emilie Joly de [zhiih-le diih 
 shwa ng ], daughter-in-law of Louis XIV., IV. 
 508. Louis Albert Joly de, French prelate, 
 2 b. 
 
 Choir religious: see Sacred Heart, Ladies of 
 the, XIV. 513, 2 ab. 
 
 CnoisEUL, Etienne Francois, duke de [shwa- 
 zul], French statesman, IV. 508. Claude 
 Antoine Gabriel, duke de, 509, 1 a. 
 CnoiSEUL-GouFFiER, Marie Gabriel Florent An- 
 
196 
 
 CHOISEUL-PRASLIN 
 
 CHRETIEN 
 
 guste, count de [-goo-fya], French classical 
 scholar, IY. 509. 
 
 Choiseul-Praslin, duke de: see Peaslin, XIII. 
 804, 2 ab. 
 
 Choisy, Francois Timoleon de [shwa-ze], 
 French writer, IY. 509. 
 
 Choke Damp, irrespirable gas, IY. 509. 
 Choleate of soda [ko'-le-ate], II. 634, 1 a. 
 Choleic acid [ko-le'-ik], II. 634, 1 a. 
 
 Choleka [kol'-e-ra], disease, IY. 509. Varie¬ 
 ties of, 2 b. Asiatic cholera, 510, 1 ab. Pe¬ 
 riodical epidemics in India, 1 b. Epidemic 
 of 1832 in Great Britain and the United 
 States, 511, 1 c. Next 12-yearly epidemic, 
 2 b; next and latest, 2 c. Course of propa¬ 
 gation, 512, 1 b. Precautions and treat¬ 
 ment, 2 a. Pathology, 513, 2 ab. 
 
 Cholera infantum , IY. 509, 2 c. 
 
 Cholera morbus, IY. 509, 2 b. 
 
 Cholesteeine [ko-les'-ter-in], non-nitrogenized 
 organic substance, IY. 514; II. 633, 2 c, 
 634,1 b; III. 186, 2 b. Cholestenemia, IY. 
 515, 1 a. 
 
 Cholet [shuh-la], town of France, IY. 515. 
 Cholettes [shuh-let], fabrics of Cholet, IY. 
 515, 1 a. 
 
 Cholic acid [ko'-lik], II. 633, 2 c. 
 
 Chollet: see Cholet. 
 
 Ciioltjla [cho-loo'-la], town of Mexico, IY. 
 515. Teocalli of, 1 c (ill.); I. 397, 2 b. 
 Human sacrifices, IY. 515, 2 c. 
 
 CnoMEL, Auguste Francois [shuh-mel], French 
 physician, IY. 515. 
 
 Chonce [ko'-ne], mediaeval city, Y. 110, 1 ab. 
 Chondvine [kon'-drin], variety of gelatine, IY. 
 41, 2 b. 
 
 Chondrus crispus (botany), IY. 25, 1 ab; I. 
 299, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Chontal , Indian language, X. 340, 1 c. 
 Chontales [chone-ta'-lace], district of Nicara¬ 
 gua, IY. 516. Mines of, 1 b. 
 
 Choomars , helot race of India, IX. 214, 2 a. 
 Choorahs, helot race of India, IX. 214, 2 a. 
 Chopin, Frederic Francois [shuh-pa ng ], Polish 
 pianist and composer, IY. 516. 
 
 Chop'tank Rivee, IY. 516. 
 
 Chopunnish, Nez Perces Indians, XII. 416, 
 1 b. 
 
 Choragia , IY. 518, 2 b. See CnoEAGus. 
 Choragic monument of Lysicrates, I. 655, 1 c; 
 
 II. 61, 1 c. 
 
 Choeagus [ko-ra'-gus], superintendent of music 
 at Athens, IV. 517. At Oxford, XII. 763,1 b. 
 Choral chant, IY. 265, 1 ab. 
 
 Chorasmii, or Chorasmusini, tribe of, referred 
 to, IX. 818, 2 b. 
 
 Chord, in music, XII. 77, 1 b. Chords, 80, 1 b.i 
 
 Chord, of an arc, I. 640, 1 c. 
 
 Cliordeiles Virginia'nus [kor-dl'-leez], (orni¬ 
 thology), XII. 442, 2 ab (ill.). C. popetue, 
 443, 1 b. C. furcifer, VIII. 59, 1 a. 
 
 Choeea [ko-re'-a]: see Saint Vitus’s Dance. 
 
 Chorea Sancti Johannis: see Demonology, Y. 
 796, 1 c. Chorea Sancti Yiti, ib. 
 
 Choeis, Louis [ k ho'-ris], Russian painter and 
 traveller, IY. 517. 
 
 Ciioe'ley, town of England, IY. 517. 
 
 Ciioeley, Henry Fothergill, English musical 
 critic and author, IY. 517. 
 
 Chorobates [ko-ro-ba'-teez], ancient levelling 
 instrument, XYI. 32, 2 a. 
 
 Choroid membrane [ko'-roid], of the eye, VII. 
 46, 1 a. Choroid gland or muscle, in fishes’ 
 eyes, 48, 1 a. 
 
 Choroid plexuses , of the brain, III. 188, 2 b. 
 
 Choeon, Alexandre Etienne [shuh-rd ng ], French 
 musician and author, IY. 518. 
 
 Choeus [ko'-rus], IV. 518. In the Grecian 
 drama, 1 b. In modern music, 2 b. 
 
 Chose in Action [shoze], in law, IY. 518; 
 248, 1 c; II. 31, 1 b; X. 167, 1 ab; Y. 755, 
 2 ab; IX. 86, 1 a. 
 
 Choskoes I. [kos'-ro-eez], the Just, king of 
 Persia, IY. 519. Arch of, Y. 543, 2 be. 
 Chosroes II., Parviz, IV. 519, 2 b. 
 
 Chosroes, Parthian king, XIII. 136, 1 c. 
 
 Choteau [sho-td'], county, IY. 520. 
 
 Chouan, Jean: see Chouans. 
 
 Chouannerie [shwan-re], body of French insur¬ 
 gents, IY. 520, 2 b. 
 
 Chouans [shwa ng ], insurgent French peasants, 
 IY. 520. 
 
 Choubar: see Chaebae. 
 
 Chough [chuf], bird, IY. 521 (ill.). 
 
 Choules, John Overton [choles], American 
 clergyman, IY. 521. 
 
 Chousserie, Col. [slioos-re], II. 582, 1 b. 
 
 Chouteau, Auguste [shoo-to'J, American pio¬ 
 neer, IY. 522. Pierre, 1 ab. Pierre (2d), 
 1 c. P. Chouteau, jr., firm name of a fur¬ 
 trading company, 2 a. 
 
 Chowan [cho-wan'J, county, IY. 522. 
 
 Chowan river, XII. 489, 2 c. 
 
 Chowringee, section of Calcutta, III. 572, 1 c. 
 
 Chowry, a kind of brush, XYI. 762, 2 b. 
 
 Chowsan: see Chusan. 
 
 Cheetien de Teoyes [kra-tya ng diih trwa], 
 French poet, IY. 522. 
 
CHRIEMHILD 
 
 CHRISTODOR 
 
 197 
 
 Chriemhild [kreem'-liilt], character in the 
 Nibelungenlied, XIII. 419, 2 b. 
 
 Ciirism, consecrated ointment, IV. 523. 
 
 Chrismation , V. 233, 2 c. 
 
 Chrismon , monogram of Christ, XI. 756, 1 c 
 (ill.). 
 
 Christ, IV. 523. See Jesus Christ. His 
 personal character, IV. 531, 1 c; in its his¬ 
 torical worth, 532, 2 c. His method of 
 working, 534, 2 c.—Dissensions in the an¬ 
 cient church respecting his twofold nature: 
 see Arius and Arianism; Apollinarians ; 
 Adoptiani (the first in the western church) ; 
 Nestorius ; Nestorians, XII. 240, 2 a; 
 Sabellians ; Eutyciies and Monophysites ; 
 Jacobites ; Monotpielites ; Nice, Councils 
 of, XII. 428, 1 c; Dionysius of Alexan¬ 
 dria, VI. 125, 1 c; IIomoousians ; Hono- 
 rius, VIII. 800, 1 b. In the Abyssinian 
 church, I. 48, 2 b. See Trinity, XV. 869, 2 c. 
 
 Christ , monogram of, XI. 756, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Christ , Passion of,\ Diirer’s woodcuts of, only 
 complete series, XIV. 340, 2 a. 
 
 Christ, Pictures of, IV. 523. In early Chris¬ 
 tian art, 1 b; XII. 795, 2 c. The most 
 beautiful extant, IV. 523, 2 be. 
 
 Clirist-Baum [krist'-bowm], poem by Hebei, 
 IV. 551, 1 c. 
 
 Christ'church, borough of England, IV. 523. 
 Christchurch bay, 2 c. 
 
 Christchurch, town of New Zealand, IV. 524. 
 
 Christ church , cathedral, Fredericton, N. B., 
 VII. 466, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Christ Church college , Oxford, XII. 764, 2 a 
 (ill.); 765, 2 a. Chapel of (cathedral), 760, 
 2 ab. 
 
 Christian [krist'-yun], three counties, IV. 524. 
 
 Christian, name of nine kings of Denmark, 
 IV. 524. Christian II., 2 a. Christian IV., 
 527, 1 a. Christian VII., 528, 2 a. Chris¬ 
 tian VIII., 529, 1 a. Christian'IX., 1 c. 
 
 Christian, archbishop of Mentz, IV. 529. 
 
 Christian , mutineer of the ship Bounty, XIII. 
 546, 2 a. 
 
 Christiana creek , Delaware, V. 770, 2 a; XVI. 
 647,1 b, 648, 2 a, b. 
 
 Christian Catholics: see Old Catholics, XII. 
 611, 2 c. 
 
 Christian Cicero , the , X. 87, 2 b. 
 
 Christian connection , sect of Baptists, II. 293, 
 2 b. 
 
 Christiania [kris-te-a'-ne-a], province of Nor¬ 
 way, IV. 529. Capital of Norway, 2 b. 
 New storthing house (ill.), 530. 
 
 Christianity [krist-yan'-e-te], IV. 530. Its 
 nature, 2 a. Its founder, 531,1 c. Histori¬ 
 cal estimate of his character, 532, 2 c. The 
 New Testament, 534, 1 a. Christ’s method, 
 
 1 c. His resurrection, 2 c. Early spread 
 of Christianity, 535, 1 c. Its working, 2 a. 
 First period, to the year 311, 2 ab. Second 
 period, from Constantine to Luther, 537, 1 c. 
 Third period, from the reformation to the 
 present, 539,1 c. Its future, 544,1 c. Ethics 
 of, XI. 810, 2 a. 
 
 Christians, or Christian Connection, sect, IV. 
 545. 
 
 Christiansand, province of Norway, IV. 545. 
 
 Capital city, 546, 1 a. 
 
 Christiansburg , county seat, XI. 786, 1 c. 
 Christiansburg [kris'-te-anss-boorg], ducal cas¬ 
 tle, referred to, VI. 484, 1 a. 
 
 Christian slaves in Algiers , allusion to, I. 305, 
 
 2 c. 
 
 Christians of St. JonN, IV. 546. 
 
 Christians of St. Thomas, IV. 546. 
 Christianstad [kris'-te-an-stat], town of Swe¬ 
 den, IV. 546 ; view, 547. 
 
 CnRiSTiANSTED, town of St. Croix, IV. 547. 
 CnRisTiANSUND [-soond], sdaport of Norway, 
 
 IV. 547. 
 
 Christianas Democritus , pseudonyme, VI. 128, 
 
 1 a. 
 
 Christina [kris-te'-na], queen of Spain: see 
 Maria Christina. 
 
 Christina, queen of Sweden, IV. 547. Char¬ 
 acterization by Chanut, French ambassador, 
 
 2 be. Assumes the sovereignty, 548, 1 b. 
 Abdication, 549, 1 c. Benunciation of Lu¬ 
 theranism, 2 b. Murder of Monaldeschi, 2 c. 
 Founds the Arcadian academy at Rome, 550, 
 1 b. 
 
 Christinat [kris-te-na], clergyman, benefactor 
 of Agassiz, I. 174, 2 a. 
 
 Christine figypta [kris-teen a-zheep-ta], daugh¬ 
 ter of Lucien Bonaparte, III. 34, 2 c. 
 Christkatholiken [krist'-ka-to-le-ken], religious 
 association in Breslau, XII. 209, 2 b. 
 Christmas [kris'-mas], IV. 550. Carols, 2 b. 
 Festivities, 551, 1 a. Swedish tradition, 1 c. 
 Christmas in England, 2 a; in the United 
 States, 552, 1 b. See IX. 636, 1 a. 
 Christmas, Henry, English clergyman and 
 author, IV. 552. 
 
 Christmas block, IV. 551, 2 b. 
 
 Christmas daisies , II. 38, 1 a (Aster). 
 Christmas rose (hellebore), VIII. 621, 1 be. 
 Christodor , pseudonyme, II. 770, 1 be. 
 
198 
 
 CIIRISTOMAHIA 
 
 CHRYSOSTOM 
 
 Christomania, X. 214, 2 ab (Lavatee). 
 Chbistophe, Henri [kris-tuf], king of Ilayti, 
 IY. 552. 
 
 Ciieistopiiee, duke of Wurtemberg, IY. 552. 
 Cheistopiiee, Saint, IY. 553. 
 
 Christoph' oros, legend of, IY. 553, 1 c. 
 Cheistopulos, Athanasios [kris-top'-oo-los], 
 modern Greek poet, IY. 553. 
 
 Cheist’s Hospital (Blue Coat school), London, 
 IY. 553 (ill., 554). Branch hospital, 554, 
 1 a. 
 
 Chrodegcing of Metz , founder of a monastic 
 order, XI. 730, 1 a. 
 
 Chroicocephalus [kro-e-ko-sef-a-lus], (ornithol¬ 
 ogy), VIII. 319, 2 b. C. atricilla, ib. C. 
 Bonapartei, ib. 
 
 Chroicolytes [kro-ik'-o-lites], class of minerals, 
 XI. 590, 1 e. 
 
 Chro'mate of diazobenzole, VII. 39, 2 ab. 
 Chromates, IV. 555, 2 ab. Uses of, 556, 1 b. 
 Chromat’ic aberration , I. 66, 1 a. 
 
 Chromatic polarization, X. 450, 2 ab. 
 Chromatic scale, in music, I. 70, 1 c. 
 Cheomatics, IY. 554. 
 
 Chrome alum, IY. 556, 1 a; XY. 454, 1 a. 
 Chrome green , IY. 556, 1 b. 
 
 Chrome ironstone, IV. 555, 1 c. 
 
 Chrome steel, XY. 357, 2 a. See IY. 556, 1 b. 
 Chromic acid, how obtained, IY. 555, 2 a. 
 As an oxidizing agent, 556, 1 ab. As an 
 antiseptic, XII. 61, 1 be. 
 
 Chromic anhydride [an-hl'-drid]: see Chromic 
 acid (Index). 
 
 Chromic oxide, green pigment, IY. 556, 1 a. 
 CnEOMiuM, metal, IY. 554. Oxides of, 555, 
 1 a. Chromates, 555, 2 a. Sulphates of 
 chromium, 2 c. Applications in the arts, 
 556, 1 a. Chromium steel, 1 be: see XY. 
 357, 2 a. 
 
 Chromo-lithography, X. 527, 2 c. 
 Chromosphere, of the sun, XY. 473, 2 a. 
 Chromotint copies, by the Arundel society, I. 
 798, 2 c. 
 
 “ Chronicle, Thef a Boston political newspa¬ 
 per, I. 95, 1 c. 
 
 Chronicle of the Kings of the Isle of Britain, 
 
 IY. 179, 1 c. 
 
 Cheonicles, books of the Old Testament, IY. 
 556. 
 
 Chronicles of Axum, I. 48, 1 b. 
 
 Chronicon, of Julius Africanus, I. 171, 2 a. 
 Chronicon Corbeiense, mediaeval history, X. 
 47, 2 c. 
 
 Chronograph, of a velocimeter, XYI. 285, 2 a; 
 
 286, 2 a (ill., 285). Ilipp’s chronograph, YI. 
 489, 2 a. 
 
 Cheonology, IY. 556. Measures of time, 2 c. 
 Earliest epochs, 557, 1 c. Olympiads, ib. 
 Babylonian era, 2 b ; Mohammedan and 
 Persian eras, 2 c; Armenian, Hindoo, and 
 Chinese, 558, 1 a; Jewish and Russian, 1 be; 
 Christian, 1 c. Era of the creation, 2 b. 
 Materials for the chronologist, 559, 2 b. 
 Aid of astronomy, 2 c. Bibliography, 560, 
 1 be. 
 
 Cheonometee: see Clocks and Watches, IY. 
 702, 2 b; 703, 1 c, 2 a (ills.). Invention of, 
 X. 627, 2 be. 
 
 Chronometer, of a velocimeter, XYI. 286, 1 a. 
 Cheudim [ k hroo'-dim], town of Bohemia, IY. 
 560. 
 
 Chkys'alis, in entomology, IY. 560 (ill.). 
 Chrysanthemum leucan'themum (botany), Y. 
 638, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Cheyseis [krl-se'-is], in the Iliad, IY. 561. 
 Chryselephantine sculpture [kris-el-e-fan'-tin], 
 XIY. 716, 1 b; XIII. 387, 2 c. 
 
 Chrys'emis pic'ta (zoology), XV. 811, 2 be (ill.). 
 Chryse’us (zoology), YI. 178, 2 c. C. primse- 
 vus, 179,1 a. C. scylax, ib. C. Ceylonicus, 
 ib. C. Australasia, 1 c. C. antlius, ib. C. 
 jubatus, 2 a. 
 
 Cheysip'pus, Greek philosopher, IY. 561. 
 Chrys'ler's farm, battle of, IY. 334, 2 b. 
 Cheysobekyl [kris'-o-ber-il], gem, IY. 561. 
 Chrysochlo'ris (zoology), XI. 705, 1 be; 706, 
 1 a. C. capensis, ib. 
 
 Chrys'ocolla, mineral, Y. 319, 1 c. 
 Cheys'olite, mineral, IY. 561. Oriental, 1 c. 
 Chkysolo'eas, Manuel, Greek scholar, IY. 561. 
 His Erotemata, introduction to Greek gram¬ 
 mar, 2 b. John, his nephew, 2 c. 
 Chrysomi'tris tris'tis (ornithology), XYI. 779, 
 1 be (ill.). 
 
 Chrysophan'ic acid, XIY. 304, 2 be. 
 Chrysop'olis, ancient town, XIY. 725, 1 a. 
 Chry'sops (entomology), YI. 129, 2 ab; VII. 
 551, 1 a. C. csecutiens, 1 ab. C. ferrugatus, 
 1 b. C. vittatus, ib. 
 
 Chrysop'ylce, or Golden Gate, strait, California, 
 III. 600, 2 be. 
 
 Chrysor'rhoas: see Damascene, John. 
 Chrysorrhoas, river: see Baeada. 
 
 Cheysostom, John [kris'-us-tum; more cor¬ 
 rectly, kris-os'-tum], a father of the church, 
 IY. 561. A successful lawyer, 562,1 a. Six 
 years of asceticism, 1 b. Made archbishop 
 of Constantinople, 2 a. Popularity with the 
 
CHKYSOTIS 
 
 CIALDIXI 
 
 199 
 
 people, 2 c ; unpopularity with the court 
 and clergy, 563, 1 a. Denunciation of tho 
 empress Eudoxia, 1 b. Deposition of 13 bish¬ 
 ops for simony and immorality, 1 c. Tried 
 and deposed, 2 a. Exiled to Nicaea, 2 b; re¬ 
 called, ib. Again condemned and exiled, 2 c. 
 Banished to a remote desert, 564, 1 ab. Per¬ 
 ishes with fatigue and exposure on the way, 
 1 b. Bibliography, ib. 
 
 Chrys'otis (ornithology), XIII. 126, 2 b. C. 
 
 Amazonicus, 2 be. C. festivus, 2 c. 
 
 Ghrystie, experiment of respecting glacial mo¬ 
 tion, VII. 830, 1 b. 
 
 CnszANOwsKi, Adalbert [ k hzha-nov'-ske], Po¬ 
 lish general, IV. 564. 
 
 Chuapa [chwa'-pa], river of Chili, IV. 564. 
 Chub, fish, IV. 564; ill., 565. 
 
 Chubb, Thomas, English theological writer, 
 IV. 565. 
 
 Chubb's lock, X. 563, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Chuck , in turning, XVI. 73, 2 b; 74, 1 a, 2 a. 
 Chuck Will’s Widow: see Goatsucker. 
 Chucuito [choo-kwe'-to], province of Peru, IV. 
 
 565. Capital, 2 a. 
 
 Chucuyto: see Chucuito. 
 
 Chudleigh [chud'-le], town of England, IV. 
 565. 
 
 Chudleigh, Elizabeth , duchess of Kingston, 
 
 X. 11, 1 a. 
 
 Chulm [ k hoolm], country of, VIII. 704, 1 be. 
 Chulo [choo'-lo], in bull fight, III. 426, 1 b. 
 Chumbul [chiim-bul'], river of Hindostan, IV. 
 565. 
 
 Chunam [choo-nam'J, a hard plaster, IV. 791,1 c. 
 Chunar', town and fortress of India, IV. 565. 
 Chunargurh': see Chunar. 
 
 Chund, Hindoo poet, IV. 565. 
 
 Chunda Sahib , nabob of the Carnatic, IV. 693, 
 
 1 ab, be. 
 
 Chunderee: see Chendaree. 
 
 Chunder Sen, Hindoo religious reformer, XI. 
 647, 1 c. 
 
 Chuni [koo'-ni], (Huns), IX. 67, 1 c. 
 Chunkhead, snake, V. 321, 1 a. 
 
 Chuflo [choo'-nyo], species of potato, X. 158, 
 
 2 c. 
 
 Chup'ra, town of British India, IV. 566. 
 Chuquisaca [choo-ke-sa'-ka], department of 
 Bolivia, IV. 566. Capital: see Sucre. 
 Chuquito [choo-ke'-to]: see Chucuito. 
 
 Chur [ k hoor]: see Coire. 
 
 Church, collective body of Christians, IV. 566. 
 Edifice for public worship, 2 a. Church 
 and state, relation of: see Christianity, 
 
 IV. 530, 2 c; 538, 1 a; 542, 2 c; 544, 1 ab. 
 Use of images in the early church: see 
 Iconoclasts. 
 
 Church, Benjamin, American soldier, IV. 566. 
 Church, Benjamin, American physician, IV. 
 566. 
 
 Church, Pathers of the, IV. 567. 
 
 CnuRcn, Frederick Edwin, American painter, 
 IV. 567. 
 
 Church, Col. George, engineer, referred to, 
 
 III. 15, 1 a. 
 
 Church, John Hubbard, American clergyman, 
 
 IV. 567. 
 
 CnuRCH, Sir Eichard, commander in the Greek 
 war of independence, IV. 567. 
 
 Church of the Augsburg Confession : see Lu¬ 
 theran Church, X. 731, 1 ab. 
 
 Church of Christ , sect, VI. 132, 1 a. 
 
 CHURcn of England : see England, Church of. 
 Church of God : see Winebrenner. 
 
 Church of the Holy Sepulchre , Jerusalem, IX. 
 615, 2 c; ill., 616. 
 
 Church of the Nativity , Bethlehem, II. 594, 
 2 c ; ill., 595. 
 
 Church'ill, county, IV. 568. 
 
 Churchill, river of British America, IV. 568. 
 Churchill , Arabella , sister of the duke of 
 Marlborough, II. 586, 2 ab. 
 
 CnuRcniLL, Charles, English poet, IV. 568. 
 Churchill, Dr., on the Caesarean operation, III. 
 544, 2 c. 
 
 CnuRCHiLL, John : see Marlborough, Duke of. 
 Churchman, William II., superintendent of in¬ 
 stitutions for the blind, IV. 568. 
 
 CnuRcn Kate, IV. 569. 
 
 Church session, in the Presbyterian church, 
 VI. 495, 1 be; XIII. 809, 1 b. 
 
 Churls: see Anglo-Saxons, I. 499, 2 c. 
 Churn, IV. 569. Dash churn, 1 be ; III. 494, 
 
 1 be. Swing churn, IV. 569,1 c; III. 494, 2 a. 
 Churruoa y Elorza, Cosme Damian de [choor- 
 
 roo'-ka e a-lore'-tha], Spanish naval officer, 
 IV. 569. 
 
 Chur'rus, resinous exudation from hemp, VIII. 
 633, 1 ab. 
 
 CnuRUBUsco [choo-roo-boos'-ko], village of 
 Mexico, IV. 569. Battle of, 2 c. 
 
 Chusan [choo-san'J, group of islands, China, 
 IV. 570. 
 
 Chyle [kile], IV. 570 ; X. 750,1 ab; XIII. 35, 
 
 2 a. 
 
 CnYME, IV. 570. 
 
 Cialdini, Enrico [chal-de'-ne], Italian soldier, 
 IV. 570. 
 
200 
 
 CIBAO 
 
 cinchoxic 
 
 Cibao [se-ba'-o], mountain range of Hayti, IV. 
 571. 
 
 Cibber, Caius Gabriel, English sculptor, IY. 
 
 571. Colley, poet and dramatist, 2 a ; sub¬ 
 stitution of for Theobald in the Dunciad, 
 XIII. 710, 1 c, XYI. 448, 1 be. Theophi- 
 lus, actor and author, 2 b. Susannah Maria, 
 actress, 2 c. 
 
 Cibot, Francois Barth61emy Michel Edouard 
 [se-bo], French painter, IY. 571. 
 
 Cibot, Pierre Martial, Jesuit missionary, IY. 
 
 572. 
 
 Cibeario, Luigi [che-bra'-re-o], Italian states¬ 
 man and historian, IV. 572. 
 
 Cibus deorum (food of the gods), I. 802, 1 c. 
 Cicacole', town, fort, and cantonment of 
 British India, IY. 572. 
 
 Cica'da (entomology), VIII. 501, 1 ab. C. 
 septendecim, 2 a (ill.). C. canicularis, 502, 
 2 a. C. plebeia, 2 c (ill.). C. orni, ib. (ill.). 
 Cicatric'ula, in the impregnated ovum, VI. 
 
 450, 2 c, and 561, 2 c. 
 
 Ci'cer arieti'num (botany), XIII. 203, 1 c. 
 Cicero, Marcus Tullius, Roman orator, states¬ 
 man, and philosopher, IY. 572. His char¬ 
 acter, 573, 1 c. His works, 2 b, If. As an 
 orator and writer, X. 195, 1 be. His con¬ 
 tempt of merchants and artisans, XIII. 665, 
 
 1 c. Friendship for Roscius, XIY. 432, 1 c. 
 Cicero , body of type, XYI. 93, 2 be. 
 
 Cicero of Portugal, XII. 721, 2 b. 
 
 “ Ciceromaniaf IY. 573, 2 c. 
 
 “ Ciceroniansf IY. 573, 2 c. 
 
 Ciclio'rium in'tybus (botany), IY. 408, 1 c (ill.). 
 Cicinnurus re'gius [sis-in-nu'-rus], (ornitholo¬ 
 gy), II. 651, 1 b (ill., 650). 
 
 Cioogna, Emmanuele Antonio [che-ko'-nya], 
 Italian historian, IY. 577. 
 
 Cico'nia (ornithology), XY. 403, 2 a. C. alba, 
 
 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Ciou'ta, genus of plants, IY. 577. C. macu- 
 lata, 1 a. C. virosa, ib. 
 
 Cid, The, or Cid Campeador [Sp. thee£7i kam- 
 pa-a-^ore'], Spanish hero, IY. 577. Re¬ 
 ferred to, III. 449, 1 c. 
 
 Cider, IY. 578. Cider mill, 1 c (ill.). Cider 
 press, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Cienfuegos [se-ain-fwa'-goce], city of Cuba, 
 IY. 578. 
 
 Cienfuegos, Nicasio Alvarez de, Spanish poet 
 and dramatist, IY. 578. 
 
 Cieza [the-a'-tha], town of Spain, IY. 579. 
 Cigar [se-gar'J, IY. 579. Tobacco for cigars, 
 1 ab. Manufacture of, in Cuba, 2 a; in the 
 
 Philippines, 2 b; in the United States, 2 c. 
 Consumption of, 580, 1 b. 
 
 Cigar boat , steamer, III. 445, 2 a. 
 
 Cigarettes [se-gar-rets'J, paper for, I. 267, 1 a. 
 Cigarrito [se-gar-re'-to], small cigar, IY. 579, 
 
 1 ab. 
 
 Cignani, Carlo [che-nya'-ne], Italian painter, 
 IY. 580. 
 
 Cignaeoli, Giovanni Bettino [che-nya-ro'-le], 
 Italian painter, IY. 580. 
 
 Cigoli [clie'-go-le]: see Cardi, Ludovico. 
 
 Cilia, hair-like processes, IV. 580. In micro¬ 
 scopical animalcules, 1 c; in the lower plants, 
 
 2 b; in the higher animals, 2 c. See Ani¬ 
 malcules, I. 514, 1 c, 2 c, and 517, 1 b; 
 Cirripedes, IV. 612, 1 c. 
 
 Ciliary circle , of the eye, VII. 46, 1 ab. 
 Ciliary processes, 1 b. Ciliary ganglion, 
 47, 2 a. 
 
 Cilicia [se-lish'-a], ancient division of Asia 
 Minor, IY. 581. 
 
 Cilician gates , mountain pass, XY. 586, 1 b. 
 Ciliobranchiata , moss animals, III. 373, 1 c. 
 Cilli: see Cilly. 
 
 Cilly [tsil'-le], town of Austria, IV. 581. 
 Cimabue, Giovanni [che-ma-boo'-a], “father 
 of modern painting,” IY. 581. 
 
 Cimarosa, Domenico [che-ma-ro'-za], Italian 
 composer, IY. 582. 
 
 Cimarron [se-mar-rone'], New Mexico : see 
 Elizabethtown , county seats (Index). 
 
 Cimbex ulmi (entomology), XIY. 653, 2 c (ill.). 
 Cimbri, ancient people, IY. 582; VII. 737, 
 2 ab. Their defeat and extermination, IV. 
 583, 1 ab; XI. 173, 1 c. 
 
 Cimbric Bosporus, IY. 381, 2 b. 
 
 Cimbric Chersonese, IY. 381, 2 b; IX. 730,1 a. 
 Ci'mex lectula'rius, bed bug, YI. 696, 2 c (ill.). 
 Cimicif'uga (botany), IV. 583. C. racemosa, 
 ib., and Y. 22, 2 be. 
 
 Cimicifugine [sim-e-sif'-u-jin], resin, Y. 23,1 a. 
 Cimmerian Bosporus, III. 113,1 c ; IV. 583, 2 a. 
 Cimmerii [sim-me'-re-l], ancient nomadic race, 
 IY. 583; VIII. 96, 2 a. 
 
 Cimon, Athenian general and statesman, IY. 
 
 583. Peace of, VIII. 191, 1 c; IV. 584, 1 c. 
 Cinaloa : see Sinaloa. 
 
 Cinchona [sin-ko'-na], Peruvian or Jesuits’ 
 bark, IY. 584. Species and varieties of, 
 2 c. C. calisaya, ib., and 585, 2 a (ill.). 
 False barks, 585, 1 a. Alkaloids of, 2 c. 
 Their medicinal uses, 586, 2 c. 
 
 Cinchonia, alkaloid, IY. 586, 2 b; 587, 1 b. 
 Cinchonic acid : see Kinic Acid. 
 
cinchonicia 
 
 CIRCUMCELLIONES 
 
 201 
 
 Cinchonicia, alkaloid, IV. 586, 2 be. 
 Cinchonidia, alkaloid, IV. 586, 2 b. 
 
 Gincine [sin'-sin], alkaloid, IV. 585, 2 c. 
 Cincinnati [sin-sin-nat'-e], city of Ohio, IV. 
 587; view, 588. Site, 587, 1 c. Environs, 588, 
 2 a. Population. 2 c. Description, 589,1 a. 
 Parks and public grounds, 2 a. Tyler David¬ 
 son fountain, 2 c (ill.). Bridges, 590, 1 ab. 
 Public buildings, 2 be. Railroads, 591, 1 c. 
 Commerce, 2 c. Manufactures, 592, 1 a. 
 Government, 593, 2 a. Water supply, 2 b. 
 Finances, 2 c. Charitable institutions, 594, 
 1 a. Education, 2 b. Libraries, societies, 
 and associations, 595,1 be. Places of amuse¬ 
 ment, 2 c. Newspapers, &c., ib. Church 
 edifices, ib. History, 596, 1 a. 
 
 Cincinnati, Society of the, IV. 596. Badge, 
 
 (ill.). 
 
 Cincinnati arch or anticlinal (geology), XII. 
 591, 2 b. 
 
 Cincinnati group , in geology, X. 252, 2 a. 
 Cincinnatus, Lucius Quintius, Roman senator 
 and dictator, IV. 597. 
 
 Ginclo'des (ornithology), XII. 745, 2 a. 
 
 Cinclus (ornithology), XII. 744,1 c. C. Ameri¬ 
 can us, 2 a. C. aquaticus, ib. 
 
 Cinder , or slag, in metallurgy, XI. 426, 1 c. 
 Ricli and poor cinder in steel making, XV. 
 358, 1 c. Puddling cinder, IX. 400, 2 ab. 
 Forge and mill cinders, 411, 2 c. 
 
 Cinder pig, in iron manufacture, IX. 400, 2 b. 
 Cin'eas, minister of Pyrrhus of Epirus, IV. 598. 
 Cingalese', inhabitants of Ceylon, IV. 220, 2 be 
 (ill., 221); IX. 213, 2 c, 214, 2 be. 
 Cingalese Language, IV. 598; IX. 221, 2 b. 
 
 Literature, IV. 598, 2 c. 
 
 Cinna, Lucius Cornelius, Roman consul, IV. 599. 
 Cinnabar, ore of mercury, IV. 599. Artificial, 
 
 600, 1 a. Brunner’s process, 1 be. 
 Cinnamomum cassia (botany), IV. 63, 2 a (ill.) ; 
 
 601, 1 ab. C. Ceylonicum, II. 314, 1 be. 
 Cinnamon, bark, IV. 600. Cinnamon tree, 1 c 
 
 (ill.); II. 314, 1 c. Uses of cinnamon, IV. 
 601, 1 a. 
 
 Cinnamon Stone,' variety of garnet, IV. 601; 
 VII. 625, 1 be. 
 
 Cino da Pistoja [che'-no da pis-to'-ya], Italian 
 poet and jurist, IV. 601. 
 
 Cinq-Mars, Henri Coiffier de Ruz6, marquis 
 [sa ng -marce], French conspirator, IV. 601 ; 
 XIV. 318, 1 a. 
 
 Cinque cento [ching'-kwa chen'-to], in architec¬ 
 ture, I. 664, 2 be ; in literature and art, IX. 
 461, 1 b. 
 
 Cinque Ports [sink], channel ports of England^ 
 IV. 601. Lord warden of the, 2 be. Barons 
 of the, 2 c. 
 
 Cin'tra, town of Portugal, IV. 601. Penha 
 convent, 602, 1 a (ill.). Convention of, ib. 
 Beckford’s palace at, II. 442, 2 c. 
 
 Cione, Andrea di [cho'-na]: see Orcagna. 
 Ciotat, La [la se-o-ta], seaport of France, IV. 
 
 602. 
 
 Cipher, in numeral notation, IV. 602. Inter¬ 
 weaving of initial letters in a significant de¬ 
 vice, 1 c. Artist’s monogram, 2 a. Disguised 
 writing, ib. Modern use of cipher writing, 
 2 b. 
 
 Cippus Abellanus , ancient brass tablet with 
 Oscan inscription, IX. 440, 1 ab. 
 
 Circa!a Lutetiana (botany), XII. 445, 2 ab. 
 Circars, Northern [seer-karz'], old division in 
 British India, IV. 602. 
 
 Circassia, region of European Russia, IV. 603. 
 Circassians, 2 a (ill.). Social grades and cus¬ 
 toms, 2 c. Slave trade, 604, 1 c. Religion, 
 2 b. Language, 2 c. History, 605, 1 a. 
 Circe [sur'-se], mythical sorceress, IV. 605. 
 Circeii [sur-se'-yi], ancient city of Latium, IV. 
 
 605. 
 
 Circensian Games, in the Roman circus, IV. 
 
 606. 
 
 Circle, IV. 606. See Quadrant, XIV. 122, 1 a. 
 Circle parry , in fencing, VII. 121, 1 b. 
 
 Circle of Ulloa , or white rainbow, VIII. 406, 
 
 1 a. 
 
 Circle of Willis, in anatomy, I. 458, 2 b. 
 Circles, Fenian, VII. 125, 1 a, b. 
 
 Circleville, city of Ohio, IV. 606. 
 
 Circuits, of courts, IV. 606. 
 
 Circuits, Methodist, XI. 451, 2 b. 
 
 Circular Measure, IV. 606. Circular min¬ 
 utes and seconds, how marked, 2 a. Minutes 
 and seconds of time, ib. 
 
 Circular system, in fortification, VII. 329, 2 c. 
 Circulating Medium : see Money. 
 Circulation, of the blood, IV. 606. Structure 
 of the heart, 2 b. Course of circulation, 2 c. 
 Harvey’s discoveries, 607, 1 b. Action of 
 the heart, 1 a. Movement in the arteries, 
 
 2 c; in the capillaries, 608, 2 be; in the 
 veins, 609, 1 c. Variations of circulation, 
 2 c. General rapidity of circulation, 610, 
 1 b. Time required, 1 c. Principle of the 
 circulation of the blood foreshadowed : see 
 Cecco d’Ascoli, IV. 163, 2 a. 
 
 Circumcellio'nes, ancient fanatics, IV. 610; 
 VI. 208, 1 c, 2 a. 
 
202 
 
 CIRCUMCISION 
 
 CIVIL 
 
 Circumcision, IV. 610. In the Abyssinian 
 church, 2 c; I. 48, 2 c. Practised by the 
 Bechuanas, II. 438, 1 c; by the Feejees, 
 VII. 112, 1 c. 
 
 Circumflexus palati (anatomy), XII. 817, 2 a. 
 Circumnavigation, IV. 611. 
 
 Circumvallation: see Siege, XV. 27, 1 a; 
 28, 2 b. 
 
 Circus, Roman, IV. 611. Circus maximus, 
 1 be; other circuses, 2 a. Modern circuses, 2 b. 
 Circus (ornithology), VIII. 475, 2 b. C. Hud- 
 sonius, 2 c. C. cyaneus, 476, 1 be (ill.). 
 Other species, ib. 
 
 Cirencester [sis'-es-ter], town of England, IV. 
 611. 
 
 Cire perdue [seer pair-dii], (waste w r ax), use in 
 modelling, II. 354, 2 a. 
 
 Cirillo, Domenico [che-reel'-lo], Italian repub¬ 
 lican and naturalist, IV. 612. 
 
 Cirrhop'oda : see Cirripedes. 
 
 Cirrho'sis , degeneration of the liver, X. 538, 
 1 c; VI. 266, 1 b. 
 
 Cirripedes [sir'-re-peeds; Lat. sir-rip'-e-deez], 
 crustaceans, IV. 612 (ill.)* 
 
 Oir’sium (botany), XV. 712, 2 a. 
 
 Cirta [sur'-ta], ancient city of Numidia, IV. 
 612. 
 
 Cisalpine Republic [sis-al'-pin], IV. 612; III. 
 39, 2 a; IX. 451, 1 ab. 
 
 Cisleiihan Austria [sis-li'-than]: see Cislei- 
 
 THANIA. 
 
 Cisleitha'nia, part of the Austro-Hungarian 
 monarchy, IV. 613. 
 
 Cis'padane Republic, IV. 613. 
 
 Cisplatina [sis-pla-te'-na], former Brazilian 
 province, XVI. 228, 1 c. 
 
 Cissey, Ernest Louis Octave Courtot de [diih 
 sees-sa], French soldier, IV. 613. 
 
 Cissia : see Susiana. 
 
 Cissoid , in analytical geometry, I. 456, 1 b. 
 Cistercians, IV. 613; XI. 730, 1 b. Cister¬ 
 cian monk (ill.), IV. 613. 
 
 Cistudo Blandingii (zoology), XV. 811, 2 a. 
 
 C. Virginea, clausa, or Carolina, 812,1 c (ill.). 
 Citadel: see Fortification, VII. 330, 1 ab. 
 Citeaux [se-to], hamlet of France, and Cister¬ 
 cian abbey, IV. 614. 
 
 Cith^e'ron, range of mountains in Greece, IV. 
 
 614; II. 94,1 b. Cithasronianlion, IV. 614,1 c. 
 Cith'ara: see Lyre, X. 759, 2 b. 
 
 Cities of refuge, VIII. 584, 2 be. 
 
 Citium [sish'-e-um]: see Larnaka. 
 
 Citizen, IV. 614. Law of citizenship, 2 a. 
 Citoyen [se-twa-ya ne ] : see Monsieur. 
 
 Cit'rate of lime, IV. 615, 1 a. Of magnesia, 
 X. 852, 1 be, c. Of potash, XIII. 764, 1 a. 
 Citric Acid, IV. 614. Adulteration of, 615, 
 1 c; how detected, ib. 
 
 Citron, fruit, IV. 615. Citron tree, 2 a (ill.). 
 Green citron melon, XI. 373, 1 ab (ill.). 
 Citron watermelon, 374, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Citronelle [sit-ro-nel'J, grass, VIII. 167, 2 ab. 
 Citrullus colocynthis (botany), V. 81, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 C. vulgaris, XI. 373, 2 be (ills.) ; 372, 1 be. 
 Ci'trum, ancient town, XIV. 103,1 b (Pydna). 
 Citrus , town: see Citrum. 
 
 Cit'rus (botany), XII. 661, 2 c; 662, 1 a. C. 
 aurantium, 661, 2 b (ill.). C. deliciosa, 663, 
 1 c. C. margarita, II. 555, 2 a (ill.). C. 
 medica, IV. 615, 2 a (ill.); referred to, X. 
 336, 1 c, XII. 662, 1 c. C. limonium, X. 
 336, 1 be. C. limetta, lima, or acida, 480, 
 
 1 c. C. decumana, XIV. 808, 1 a, c (ill.). 
 Cittd Leonina [cheet-ta' la-o-ne'-na] : see 
 
 Leonine City. 
 
 Cittd Notabile [-be'-la]: see Citta Vecchia. 
 CittaVecciiia [vek'-kya], city of Malta, IV. 616. 
 City: see Town, XV. 828, 2 a. 
 
 City, the (London), X. 591, 1 c; 612, 1 ab. 
 City of Icings (Cashel), IV. 53, 2 c. 
 
 City of the plague (Astrabad), II. 41, 2 c. 
 
 City road, London, X. 593, 1 be. 
 
 Ciudad Bolivar [thu-£M£A' bo-le'-var] : see 
 Angostura (city). 
 
 Ciudad Real [ra-al']: see San Cristobal. 
 Ciudad Real, province of Spain, IV. 616. 
 Capital city, 1 c. 
 
 Ciudad Rodrigo [ro-^re'-go], town of Spain, 
 IV. 616. 
 
 Cives : see Onion, XII. 631, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Civ'et, digitigrade mammal, IV. 617 (ill.)* 
 Civet cat, 2 be (ill.). 
 
 Civiale, Jean [se-vyal], French surgeon, IV. 
 617. 
 
 Cividale del Friuli [che-ve-da'-la del fre-oo'- 
 le]: see Friuli. 
 
 Civil freedom in England, its foundation in a 
 clause of the Magna Charta, V. 151, 2 a. 
 Civi'lis, Claudius, Batavian leader, IV. 626; 
 XII. 246, 2 a. 
 
 Civilization, Buckle’s theory of the causes of 
 its progress, III. 389, 1 c. 
 
 Civil Law, IV. 618. Roman law, 1 b; first 
 period, 2 c; second, 619, 2 a; third, 620, 
 
 2 a; fourth, 621, 2 c. Valentinian’s law of 
 quotation, 622, 1 c. Constitutions of the 
 emperors, 2 a. Germano-Roman laws, 2 c. 
 Justinian’s collections, 623, 1 be. The Pan- 
 
CIVIL 
 
 CLARK 
 
 203 
 
 dects, 2 a; maimer of citing them, C24, 1 c. 
 The Basilica, C25, 1 ab. Revival of the 
 study of the Roman law, 1 b. 
 
 Civil liberty , English, progress of, VI. 621,1c. 
 Civil suits , proceedings in, XIV. 25, 1 ab. 
 
 Civil war , between Charles I. and parliament, 
 commencement of, XI. 539, 1 a; IV. 280, 
 2 ah; VI. 613, 2 a. 
 
 Civita Castellana [che-ve-ta'Jkas-tel-la'-na], 
 town of Italy, iV. 626 (ill.). 
 
 Civita di Penne [de pen'-na], IV. 627. 
 
 Civitd Lavigna [la-ve'-nya]: see Lanuvium. 
 Civ'itas Eburov'icum: see Evreux. 
 
 Civitas Ecolismen'sium: see Angouleme. 
 Civitas Seno'num: see Sens. 
 
 Civitas Turo'num: see Tours. 
 
 Civitas Veneto'rum: see Vannes. 
 
 Civita Vecchia [che-ve-ta' vek'-kya], seaport 
 of Italy, IV. 627 (ill.). 
 
 Clackman'nansiiire, county of Scotland, IV. 
 
 627. 
 
 Cladonia coccinia (botany), X. 408, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 C. rangiferina, 410, 2 be. 
 
 Cladosporium , fungus, VII. 532, 2 a; XI. 2 a. 
 Cladrastis tinctoria (botany), XVI. 371,1 c (ill.). 
 Claflin university, South Carolina, XV. 197,2 a. 
 Claiborne [kla'-burn], three counties, IV. 627. 
 Clairaut, Alexis Claude [kla-ro], French ma¬ 
 thematician, IV. 628. See Comet, V. 140,2 a. 
 Clairfait : see Clerfayt. 
 
 Clairon, Claire Josephe Hippolyte Leyris de 
 Latude [kla-ro ng ], French actress, IV. 628. 
 Clairvaux [klair-vo], village of France, IV. 
 
 628. ' Monastery of, 1 c; II. 573, 1 be. 
 Clairvoy'ance , I. 526, 1 b; XV. 275, 2 c. 
 Clajus, Johann [kla'-yoos], German clergy¬ 
 man and author, IV. 628. Johann, clergy¬ 
 man and poet, 2 c. 
 
 Clallam, county, IV. 628. 
 
 Clallams, tribe of Indians, IV. 629. 
 
 Clam, IV. 629. Giant clam, 1 b (ill.). Soft 
 clam, 1 c, 2 a (ill.). Hard clam or quahaug, 
 1 c (ill.). Broad sea clam, ib. Fresh-water 
 clams, 1 c-2 a. 
 
 Clamecy [klam-se], town of France, IV. 629. 
 Clamp , for baking bricks, III. 267, 1 a. 
 
 Clamps of peat, XIII. 218, 2 b. 
 
 Clam Shell cave , in Staffa, XV. 301, 1 a. 
 
 Clans , Scottish highland tribes, XIV. 700, 2 b. 
 Clanwilliam, district of Cape Colony, IV. 630. 
 Clap, Thomas, American clergyman, IV. 630. 
 CLAPARknE, Ldouard [kla-pa-raid], French 
 naturalist, IV. 630. 
 
 Clapham sect , referred to, X. 769, 1 a. 
 
 Clapisson, Louis [kla-pe-so ng ], French com¬ 
 poser, IV. 630. 
 
 Clapp, Theodore, American clergyman, IV. 630. 
 
 Clapper rail , bird, XIV. 169, 1 c. 
 
 Clapperton, Hugh, English traveller, IV. 630; 
 I. 170, 2 be. 
 
 Claquato, county seat, X. 383, 2 b. 
 
 Clarao, Charles Othon Frederic Jean Bap¬ 
 tiste, count [kla-rak], French antiquary and 
 artist, IV. 631. 
 
 Clare, county of Michigan, IV. 631. 
 
 Clare, county of Ireland, IV. 631. 
 
 Clare, John, English poet, IV. 631. 
 
 Claremont', town of Hew Hampshire, IV. 
 631. 
 
 Clare'mont, English royal palace, IV. 631. 
 
 Clarence , dulce of, brother of Edward IV., VI. 
 436, 2 be, 437,1 b; XVI. 468,1 b, ff. Broth¬ 
 er of Edward V., murdered in the tower of 
 London, VI. 437, 2 be. See William IV., 
 XVI. 631, 2 b. 
 
 Clarendon, county, IV. 631. 
 
 Clarendon, Edward Hyde, earl of, British 
 statesman and historian, IV. 632. Edward 
 Hyde, third earl of: see Cornbury. 
 
 Clarendon, George William Frederick Villiers, 
 fourth earl of, British statesman, IV. 634. 
 Edward Hyde Villiers, fifth earl of, 635,1 b. 
 
 Clarendon, constitutions or customs of, VIII. 
 642, 2 c; II. 441, 1 b (twice); V. 149, 2 a. 
 Referred to, IV. 635, 1 c. 
 
 Clarendon Park, locality in England, IV. 635. 
 
 Clarendon press building, Oxford, XII. 763, 2 a. 
 
 Clarenines [klar'-e-nins]: see Franciscans, 
 VII. 425, 2 c. 
 
 Clares, Poor, order of, VII. 427, 1 a. 
 
 Claret : see France, Wines of, VII. 411, 1 a, 
 and XV. 225, 1 be. 
 
 Claretie, Jules Arnaud [kla-ruh-se], French 
 author, IV. 635. 
 
 Clari, Giovanni Carlo Maria [kla'-re], Italian 
 composer, IV. 635. 
 
 Clarichord: see Clavichord. 
 
 Clarinda, county seat, XII. 789, 2 b. 
 
 Clarinet', musical instrument, IV. 635. 
 
 Clar'ion, county, IV. 635. 
 
 Clark, five counties, IV. 685. 
 
 Clark, Abraham, American patriot, IV. 636. 
 
 Clark, Alvan, American optician, IV. 636. 
 
 Clark, Davis Wasgatt, American clergyman 
 and author, IV. 637. 
 
 Clark, Sir James, British physician, IV. 637. 
 
 Clark, Jonas, American clergyman and pa¬ 
 triot, IV. 637. 
 
204 
 
 CLARK 
 
 CLAYIGO 
 
 Clark, Lewis Gaylord and Willis Gaylord, 
 American journalists, IY. 637. 
 
 Clark, Thomas March, American bishop, IY. 
 637. 
 
 Clarke, nine counties, IY. 637. 
 
 Clarke, Adam, British clergyman, IY. 638. 
 
 Clarke, Charles Cowden, English author, IY. 
 639. (Died 1877.) 
 
 Clarke, Edward Daniel, English traveller and 
 mineralogist, IY. 639. 
 
 Clarke, Henri Jacques Guillaume, count 
 d’Hunebourg, duke de Feltre, and marshal 
 of France, IY. 639. 
 
 Clarke, Hyde, English engineer and author, 
 IY. 640. 
 
 Clarke, James Freeman, American clergyman, 
 IY. 640. 
 
 Clarke, John, one of the founders of Rhode 
 Island, IV. 640. 
 
 Clarke, M’Donald, American poet, IY. 641. 
 
 Clarke, Mary Anne, mistress of Frederick, 
 duke of York, IY. 641 ; VII. 709, 1 b. 
 
 Clarke, Mary Victoria Cowden, English au¬ 
 thoress, IY. 641. Her “Concordance to 
 Shakespeare,” 2 b. 
 
 Clarke, Samuel, English clergyman, IY. 641; 
 XI. 807, 1 b, 812, 1 b (Moral Philosophy). 
 
 Clarke, William, American soldier, IY. 642. 
 
 Clarke’s Fork, branch of the Columbia river, 
 IY. 642. 
 
 Clarkesville , county seat, VIII. 365, 1 c. 
 
 Clarksburg , county seat, VIII. 480, 2 c. 
 
 Clarkson - , Thomas, English philanthropist, 
 IV. 642. His agitation against the slave 
 trade, 2 c, ff.; its success, 643, 1 b. Eman¬ 
 cipation in the West Indies, 1 c. 
 
 Clarksville , county seats, IX. 656, 2 a; XI. 
 787, 1 a; XIY. 237, 2 a. 
 
 Claras Mons , castle of, IY. 673, 1 c. 
 
 Clary , a species of sage, XIY. 518, 2 c. 
 
 Classen , Australian explorer, X. 326, 2 be. 
 
 Classics , discoveries of: see Mai, Angelo; 
 PETRARcn, XIII. 364, 1 c ; Niebuhr, XII. 
 438, 1 a; Manuscript, XI. 132, 1 c, 2 a, ff. 
 
 Classic school , in French art, XII. 802, 1 c. 
 
 Classis , in the Reformed (Dutch) church in 
 America, XIY. 258, 1 a. 
 
 Class leader , Methodist, XI. 452, 2 c. 
 
 Clastic Anatomy : see Anatomical Prepara¬ 
 tions, I. 460, 1 b. 
 
 Clath'rus, fungus, odor of, VII. 530, 1 be; 
 533, 2 b. 
 
 Clatsop, county, IY. 643. 
 
 Claude, Jean [klode], French Protestant cler¬ 
 
 gyman, IY. 643. His views of the Augs¬ 
 burg Confession, X. 733, 2 a. 
 
 Claude Lorraine, French painter, IY. 643. 
 His books of drawings, 644, 1 ab. His 
 landscapes, 1 b. 
 
 Claudia Castra , ancient city, VIII. 38, 1 a. 
 
 Claudian (Claudius Claudianus), Roman poet, 
 IY. 644; X. 200, 2 a. 
 
 Claudia Quinta, Roman matron, IY. 644. 
 
 Claudius, name of two Roman emperors, IY. 
 
 644. Tiberius Claudius Drusus Nero Ger- 
 manicus, 2 be. Marcus Aurelius Claudius 
 Gothicus, 645, 1 b. 
 
 Claudius, emperor, decree restricting new 
 year’s presents, XII. 351, 2 c. 
 
 Claudius, Matthias [klow'-de-oos], German 
 writer, IY. 645. 
 
 Claudius C^ecus, Appius, Roman censor, IY. 
 
 645. 
 
 Claudius Crassus, Appius, Roman decemvir, 
 IY. 645. 
 
 Claudius Nero, Roman general, IY. 646. 
 
 Claudius Nero, Tiberius, father of the em¬ 
 peror Tiberius, IY. 646. 
 
 Claused, Bertrand, count [klo-zel], French 
 soldier, IY. 646. 
 
 Clausen, Henrik Nikolai [klow'-zen], Danish 
 theologian and statesman, IY. 647. 
 
 Clausenburg : see Klausenburg. 
 
 Clausenette, Mme. de [kloze-net], I. 362, 1 a. 
 
 Clausen'tum, Roman camp in England, re¬ 
 mains of, XY. 189, 1 ab. 
 
 Clausewitz, Karl von [fon klow'-z&li-vits], 
 Prussian soldier and military writer, IY. 647. 
 
 Claussen's flax cotton , VII. 264, 2 a. 
 
 Clausthal [klowce'-tal], town of Prussia, IY. 
 647. 
 
 Clava'rice , fungi, VII. 533, 2 be. 
 
 Clavenna : see Chiavenna. 
 
 Clav'erack Landing , town, IX. 28, 2 a. 
 
 Claverhouse [klav'-er-us]: see Graham, John. 
 
 Clavichord [klav'-e-kord], musical instrument, 
 IY. 647; XII. 79, 1 b; XIII. 488, 1 a. 
 
 Clavicithe'rium, musical instrument, XIII. 488, 
 1 a. 
 
 Clav'icle, collar bone, IY. 647. 
 
 Claviere, Etienne [kla-vyair], banker of Paris, 
 IY. 648. 
 
 Claviform inscriptions , Y. 570, 2 c. 
 
 Clavigero, Francisco Saverio [kla-vij'-e-ro; Sp. 
 kla-ve'- k ha-ro], Mexican historian, IY. 648. 
 
 Clavigo [kla-ve'-go], Goethe’s drama: see Beau¬ 
 marchais, II. 428, 2 a, and Clavijo y Fa- 
 xardo, IY. 648, 2 a. 
 
CL A VI JO 
 
 CLEMENT 
 
 205 
 
 Clayijo, Ruy Gonzalez de [kla-ve'- k ho], Cas¬ 
 tilian ambassador to Tamerlane, IV. 648. 
 
 Clayijo y Faxardo, Josd [e fa- k har'-£Ao], 
 Spanish author, IV. 648; II. 428, 2 a. 
 
 Clavisium : see Ciiiyasso. 
 
 Clay, an earth, IV. 648. Artificial, 2 be. Fat 
 or long, 649, 1 ab; lean, meagre, or short, 
 ib. Porcelain clay, 1 b. Potters’ or plastic, 
 2 a. Pipe clay, ib. Brick clay, 2 b. Clay 
 for fire brick, 2 be. Porous, floating on wa¬ 
 ter, 650, 1 b (see Brick, III. 268, 1 c). Full¬ 
 ers’ earth, 2 a. 
 
 Clay, name of sixteen counties, IV. 650. 
 
 Clay, Cassius Marcellus, American politician, 
 IV. 651. 
 
 Clay, Clement Comer, politician, IV. 652. 
 
 Clay, Green, soldier and preacher, IV. 652. 
 
 Clay, Henry, American statesman, IV. 652. 
 Advocates gradual emancipation in Ken¬ 
 tucky, 2 c; 655, 2 a. U. S. senator, 653, 
 1 a. His proposition for internal improve¬ 
 ments, ib. Duel with Humphrey Marshall, 
 
 1 b. Representative in congress, and speak¬ 
 er, 1 c. His support of the war with Great 
 Britain, 2 a. Peace commissioner, 2 b. Ad¬ 
 vocates protection and a national bank, 2 c. 
 The Missouri compromise, 654, 1 a. Charge 
 of bargain and corruption, 1 c; I. 103, 1 be. 
 Duel with Randolph, IV. 654, 1 c. Secre¬ 
 tary of state, ib. U. S. senator, 2 a. His 
 tariff compromise, ib. French spoliations, 
 
 2 b. Leader of the whig party, 655, 1 ab. 
 Candidate for the presidency, 1 c. His reso¬ 
 lutions relating to slavery, 2 a. Consistency 
 of his political views, 2 c.—His sons, Henry, 
 James B., and Thomas Hart, 656, 1 a. 
 
 Clayborne, William [kla'-burn], a settler of 
 Virginia, IV. 656. His contest with Mary¬ 
 land, 1 b; III. 630, 1 be and 2 c; XI. 229, 
 2 c, and 230, 1 ab, c; XVI. 151, 2 b. 
 
 Clay Centre , county seat, IV. 651, 2 c. 
 
 Clay Court House , county seat, IV. 650, 2 b. 
 
 Claying of sugar, referred to, IV. 650, 1 c. 
 
 Clay ironstone , IX. 407, 1 a; 409, 1 ab; XV. 
 643, 2 a. 
 
 Clays, Paul Jean [kla], Belgian painter, IV. 
 656. 
 
 Clayton, two counties, IV. 656. 
 
 Clayton, village of New York, IV. 657. 
 
 Clayton , county seat, II. 302, 1 c. 
 
 Clayton, John, American botanist, IV. 657. 
 
 Clayton, John Middleton, American states¬ 
 man, IV. 657. Clayton-Bulwer treaty, 1 c; 
 r.lluded to, III. 24, 1 ab, 433, 1 be. 
 
 Claytonia (botany), XIV. 96, 1 ab. 
 
 Clazom'enhs, ancient city of Asia Minor, IV. 657. 
 
 Cleansing, in calico printing, III. 597, 1 a. 
 
 Cleanthes [kle-an'-theez], Greek philosopher, 
 IV. 657. Hymn to Jupiter, 2 c. Referred 
 to, XI. 809, 2 c; XIII. 438, 2 b. 
 
 Clear'chus, Lacedemonian general, IV. 657. 
 
 Clear cole, in gilding, VII. 808, 2 ab. 
 
 Clear Creek, county, IV. 658. 
 
 Clearfield, county, IV. 658. 
 
 Clearfield, Roman Catholic settlement, VII. 
 582, 2 b. 
 
 Clearfield , county seat, IV. 658, 1 c. 
 
 Clearing House : see Bank, II. 282, 2 ab. 
 
 Clearing nut, XII. 546, 2 be (Nux Vomica). 
 
 Clear-obscure : see Chiaroscuro. 
 
 “ Clear the causeway ,” conflict so called, VI. 
 407, 2 c. 
 
 Cleaveland, county, IV. 658. 
 
 Cleaveland, Parker, American mineralogist, 
 IV. 658. His treatise on mineralogy and 
 geology, XI. 590, 2 c. 
 
 Cleavelandite, mineral, VII. 114, 2 c. 
 
 Cle'burne, county seat, IX. 656, 1 c., 
 
 Cleburne, county, IV. 659. 
 
 Cleef, Jan van [van klafe], Flemish painter, 
 IV. 659. 
 
 Cleef, Joost van, Flemish painter, IV. 659. 
 
 Clef, in music, XII. 77, 1 a, 2 b. 
 
 Cleg, gadfly, VII. 551, 1 b; XVI. 20, 1 c. 
 
 Clem'atis, genus of shrubs, IV. 659. C. vital- 
 ba, 1 c. C. flammula, ib. C. cirrhosa, ib. 
 C. viticella, 2 a (ill.). C. Virginiana, 2 b 
 (ill.). C. viorna, ib. C. ochroleuca, 2 c. 
 
 Clemens, Samuel Langhorne (Mark Twain), 
 American humorist, IV. 660. 
 
 Clemens Romanus, pope: see Clement I. 
 
 Clement, name of fourteen popes and three 
 antipopes, IV. 660. I., St., 2 ab. II., Suid- 
 ger, 2 b. III. (antipope), Guibert, 2 c. III., 
 Paolo or Paolino Scolaro, 661, 1 a. IV., 
 Guido Fulcodi, ib. V., Bertrand Garcias de 
 Goth, 1 b. His seventh book of decretals 
 (Clementines), 2 ab; III. 719,1 c. Suppres¬ 
 sion of the templars, IV. 661, 1 c; XV. 635, 
 2 a. VI., Pierre Roger, IV. 661, 1 ab. VII. 
 (antipope), Robert de Gen5ve, 1 c. VII., 
 Giulio de’ Medici, 662, 2 a. VIII. (antipope), 
 Gil Munoz, 2 c. VIII., Ippolito Aldobran- 
 dini, 663, 1 a. IX., Giulio Rospigliosi, 1 ab. 
 X., Emilio Altieri, 1 b. XI., Giovanni Fran¬ 
 cesco Albani, ib. XII., Lorenzo Corsini, 1 c. 
 XIII., Carlo Rezzonico, 2 ab. XIV., Gio¬ 
 vanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli, 2 c. 
 
206 
 
 CLEMENT 
 
 CLIFTON 
 
 Clement, Jacob [kla-ma ng ], Flemish composer, 
 IY. 664. 
 
 Clement, Jacques, French regicide, IY. 664. 
 Clement, Jean Pierre, French historian, IY. 
 664. 
 
 Clement, Knut Jungbohn, Danish historian, 
 IY. 664. 
 
 Clement of Alexandria, a church father, IY. 
 664. 
 
 Clement of Rome: see Clement I., pope. 
 Clementi, Muzio [kla-men'-te], Italian pianist 
 and composer, IV. 665. 
 
 Clem'entine canons: see Clementines. 
 Clementine Homilies , referred to, VIII. 54, 2 c. 
 Clementines, pontifical constitutions, IY. 665 ; 
 III. 719, 2 a. 
 
 Cleobis and Biton : see Biton and Cleobis. 
 Cleobuli f na } daughter of Cleobulus, IY. 666, 
 
 1 a. 
 
 Dleobu'ltts, one of the seven sages of Greece, 
 IY. 665. 
 
 Cleod'ora (mollusca), XI. 722, 1 be. 
 Cleom'brotus I., king of Sparta, IY. 666. 
 Cleome'des, Greek astronomer, IY. 666. 
 Cleomenes [kle-om'-e-neez], name of three 
 kings of Sparta, IY. 666. 
 
 Cle'on, Athenian politician, IY. 666. 
 Cleopa'tra (VI.), queen of Egypt, IY. 667; 
 XIII. 63, 1 a. Her relations with Cassar, IY. 
 
 667, 2 b, and III. 542, 1 c; with Antony, IY. 
 
 668, 1 c, and I. 576, 2 a. 
 
 Cleopatra , four queens of Egypt, XIY. 62, 
 
 2 b-c. Wife of Philip of Macedon, referred 
 to,II.92, 2 a; XIII. 408, 1 b. 
 
 Clep'sydra, hydraulic clock, IY. 669. Clep¬ 
 sydra presented to Charlemagne by Haroun 
 al-Rashid, 670, 1 ab. 
 
 Clero, Laurent [klair], deaf-mute teacher, IV. 
 670. 
 
 Clerc, Jean Le: see Le Clero. 
 
 Clerfayt, Francois S6bastien Charles Joseph 
 de Croix, count de [klair'-fa], Austrian gen¬ 
 eral, IY. 670. 
 
 Clergy, IV. 670. Ancient influence of the 
 clergy, 671, 1 a. Of the Roman Catholic 
 church, 671, 1 c, 2 ab; XIY. 396, 2 b, ff. 
 Of the Greek church, IY. 671, 2 a; VIII. 
 220, 1 c. Of the church of England, 2 b; 
 YI. 629, 1 a. Of the Protestant Episcopal 
 church in America, 2 c; YI. 691, 2 b. 
 Clergy, Benefit of: see Benefit of Clergy. 
 Clergyman 1 s sore throat , VII. 836, 1 a. 
 
 Cler'icis la'icos , papal bull, III. 66, 1 ab. 
 Clericus , an ecclesiastic, IY. 672, 1 a; a des¬ 
 
 ignation of the educated, 671,1 ab. Clerici 
 acephali and canonici, 672, 1 b. 
 
 Clerk [in England, klark], an ecclesiastic, IY. 
 672, 1 a; a civil officer, 1 b and c. Classes 
 of ecclesiastical clerks, ib. A copyist, in 
 the middle ages, XI. 131, 2 a. 
 
 Clerk, John, British naval tactician, IY. 672. 
 
 Clerke, Charles, English navigator, IY. 672. 
 
 Clermont [klair'-mont], Fulton’s first successful 
 steamboat, VII. 526, 1 c; XY. 353, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Clermont, county, IY. 672. 
 
 Clermont, or Clermont-Ferrand [klair-mo ng - 
 fair-ra ng ], town of France, IY. 672. Cathe¬ 
 dral of, 2 c (ill., 673). 
 
 Clermont-l’Herault [-la-ro], town, IY. 673. 
 
 Clermont-de-l’Oise [-duh-lwaz], town, IY. 673. 
 Castle of, now a prison for females, 2 ab. 
 Church of St. Samson, 2 b. 
 
 Clermont-en-Beauvaisis [klair-mo ng -ta ng -bo-va- 
 ze]: see Clermont-de-l’Oise. 
 
 Clermont-Lodeve [-lo-daiv] : see Clermont- 
 l’Herault. 
 
 Clery, Jean Baptiste [kla-re], valet of Louis 
 XVI., IY. 673. 
 
 Clesinger, Jean Baptiste Auguste [kla-za ng - 
 zha], French sculptor, IY. 673. 
 
 Cleve [kla'-ffeh], town: see Cleves. 
 
 Cleve , Joost van: see Cleef. 
 
 Cleveland, city of Ohio, IY. 674; view, ib. 
 Harbor, 1 c. Public grounds and buildings, 
 2 c. Intercommunication, 675, 1 c. Trade, 
 2 a. Manufactures, 2 c. Government, 676, 
 1 c. Reformatory and charitable institu¬ 
 tions, 2 a. Education, 2 be. Medical col¬ 
 lege, 2 c; IX. 28, 2 b. Churches, IY. 677, 
 1 b. History, 1 c. 
 
 Cleveland , county seats, III. 181, 1 b; XVI. 
 602, 2 a. 
 
 Cleveland, Charles Dexter, American author, 
 IY. 677. 
 
 Cleveland, Henry Russell, author, IY. 677. 
 
 Clev'enger, Sliobal Yail, sculptor, IY. 677. 
 
 Cleves [kleevz], town of Prussia, IY. 677. 
 Birthplace of Anne of Cleves, fourth wflfe of 
 Henry VIII., 2 be. County and duchy, 2 c. 
 
 Clev’is , of a plough, XIII. 616, 1 b. 
 
 Clemens non Papa: see Jannequin, Clement. 
 
 Clian'thus (botany), VIII. 35, 1 c. C. Dam- 
 pieri, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Click plate , in turning, XVI. 74, 1 b. 
 
 Clidas'tes (palaeontology), XI. 858, 1 c. 
 
 Client, in Roman antiquity, IY. 678. In 
 modern usage, 2 a. 
 
 Clifton, watering place of England, IY. 678. 
 
CLIMACTIGHNITES 
 
 CLOCKS 
 
 207 
 
 Suspension bridge, 1 a (ill.). Clifton col¬ 
 lege, 2 c. Hot spring, ib. 
 
 Climactichnites [kli-mak-tik'-nites], fossil foot¬ 
 prints, VII. 342, 2 a. 
 
 Climate, IV. 679. Progress of climatology, 
 1 a. Humboldt’s isothermal lines, 2 a. Di¬ 
 versities of climate and their causes, 680, 
 1 ab; agency of atmospheric circulation, 
 1 c; of sea currents, 2 c. Observation of 
 its leading conditions, 681, 1 c. Climate of 
 the western United States, 2 c, ff.; of western 
 Europe, 682, 2 a; of eastern America, 2 c. 
 Decrease of temperature from the sea level 
 upward, 683, 1 ab; observations by Green 
 and others, 1 c. Effect of configuration of 
 surface, 2 b. 
 
 Climate in geologic times , VII. 698, 1 ab; 
 change of, 1 b. 
 
 Climbing Percii : see Anabas Soandens. 
 
 Clinch, county, IV. 683. 
 
 Clinch River, IV. 683. 
 
 Cline, English surgeon, his successful use of 
 vaccination, IX. 604, 1 ab. 
 
 Clingman, Thomas L., American politician, 
 IV. 683. 
 
 Clingman 1 s peak, II. 682, 1 be. 
 
 Clin'ias, father of Alcibiades, IV. 684. Pytha¬ 
 gorean philosopher, 1 b. 
 
 Clinical instruction, revival of the ancient 
 system, II. 775, 2 ab. 
 
 Clinker bricks , III. 267, 2 a. 
 
 Clinom'eter, instrument, IV. 684. 
 
 Clinton, nine counties, IV. 684. 
 
 Clinton, city of Iowa, IV. 686. 
 
 Clinton, town of Massachusetts, IV. 686 ; 
 founder of, II. 631, 1 a. Village of New 
 York, IV. 686, 1 c. Borough and township 
 of New Jersey, ib. Village of Louisiana, 2 a. 
 
 Clinton, county seats, I. 472, 1 b; VI. 64, 1 c; 
 375, 1 b; VIII. 641, 2 a; 715, 1 b; XIV. 
 593, 2 b. 
 
 Clinton, Charles, ancestor of the Clintons in 
 New York, IV. 686. 
 
 Clinton, De Witt, American statesman, IV. 
 686. Appointed U. S. senator, 687, 2 ab. 
 Mayor of New York, 2 b. Leader of the re¬ 
 publican party in New York, 2 c. Defeated 
 as candidate for the presidency, 688, 1 c. 
 Character and influence, 2 ab. His canal 
 system, 689, 1 ab. Elected governor of 
 New York, 2 c; 690, 1 a, 1 b, 1 c. Com¬ 
 pletion of the Erie canal, 690, 1 c; its bene¬ 
 fits to the state, 2 a. 
 
 Clinton, George, American soldier and states¬ 
 
 man, IV. 690. First governor of the state 
 of New York, 691, 1 a. Vice president of 
 the United States, 1 b. 
 
 Clinton, Sir Henry, English soldier, IV. 691. 
 Clinton, Henry Fynes, English author, IV. 691. 
 Clinton, James, American soldier, IV. 691. 
 Clinton state prison, V. 669, 2 a ; XII. 367,1 a. 
 Clio, in mythology, IV. 692 (ill.). Use of the 
 letters of the name by Addison, 1.112, 2 ab. 
 Clio borealis, mollusk, XI. 722, 1 c. 
 
 Clio'na, sponge, XV. 281, 2 c. 
 
 Clip'eus, ancient shield, XIV. 853, 2 ab (ill.). 
 CUpjish, IV. 796, 1 be. 
 
 Clisiocampa Americana (entomology), XI. 869, 
 
 1 ab (ill.). 
 
 Clissa, town of Dalmatia, IV. 692. 
 
 Clisthenes [klis'-the-neez], Athenian states¬ 
 man, IV. 692; II. 55, 2 a, b, and be. 
 Clith'eroe, borough of England, IV. 692. 
 Clitomachus [kli-tom'-a-kus], Carthaginian 
 writer, IV. 692. 
 
 Cli'topJion , hero of a Greek romance, I. 65, 1 b. 
 Clitum'nus (now Clitumno), river of Italy, IV. 
 
 692. Temple of Jupiter Clitumnus, 2 b. 
 Clitijs, Macedonian general, IV. 692; I. 278,1b. 
 Clive, Robert, lord, British soldier and states¬ 
 man, IV. 692. His capture and defence of 
 Arcot, 693, 1 b; brilliant victories, 2 a, c. 
 Plot against Surajah Dowlah, 694, 1 a; 
 Clive’s treachery, 1 b, 2 a. Battle of Plas- 
 sey, 1 c. Plunder of the treasury of Ben¬ 
 gal, 2 a. Raised to the Irish peerage, 2 b. 
 Appointed governor and commander-in-chief 
 of Bengal, 2 c. Parliamentary investigation 
 of his conduct, 695, 1 a. 
 
 Clo'aca of birds, II. 687, 2 a. 
 
 Cloaca, sewers of ancient Rome, IV. 695. 
 
 Cloaca Maxima, 1 b; XIV. 796, 2 c. 
 Cloaci'na, surname of Venus, IV. 695. 
 
 Clocks and Watches, IV. 695. Earliest mean¬ 
 ing of the word clock, 1 c. Earliest instru¬ 
 ments for measuring time, 2 a. Introduc¬ 
 tion of wheel clocks moved by weights, 2 c. 
 Henry Vick’s clock, 696, 1 c (ill.). Pendu¬ 
 lum, 2 c; IX. 97, 2 b. Huygens’s clock, IV. 
 697, 2 c (ill.). Escapements, 698, 1 a, ff.(ills.). 
 Invention of spiral spring, IX. 98, 1 b. Main¬ 
 taining power, IV. 699, 1 b. Harrison’s 
 maintaining spring, 1 c. Train of wheels, 
 
 2 a (ill.). Electric clock dial and clock, 700, 
 
 1 c. Alarm clock, I. 238, 2 b. Pendulum 
 clock, IX. 97, 2 b.—Watches, IV. 700, 2 b. 
 Escapements, 701, 1 a (ills.); cylindrical,702, 
 
 2 a (ill.); chronometer escapement, 2 b (ill.); 
 
208 
 
 CLOCK 
 
 CLUB 
 
 compensation balance, 703, 1 b (ill.). Chro¬ 
 nometer, 2 a (ill.). Train of wheels in a de¬ 
 tached lever, 2 be (ill., 704). Hand wheels 
 and stem winder, 704, 2 a (ill.). Machinery 
 for making watches, 2 c. Screw lathe, 705, 
 
 1 b (ill.). Slotting disk, 1 c (ill.). Teeth-cut- 
 ting lathe, 2 a (ill.); cutter enlarged (ill.), 
 
 2 b. Material of the internal parts, 706, 1 a. 
 Clock dials , illuminated , inventor of, III. 660, 
 
 2 c. 
 
 Clock tower of Bern, II. 570, 2 c. 
 
 Clo'dius Pulcher, Publius [pul'-ker], Eoman 
 demagogue, IV. 706. 
 
 Clce'lia, Roman maiden given as a hostage to 
 Porsena, IV. 706. 
 
 Clogiier [kloh'-her], town of Ireland, IV. 706. 
 Cloister : see Monastery. 
 
 Qloka [slo'-ka], Sanskrit stanza, XIV. 614, 1 be. 
 Clonfert', Irish bishopric, IV. 706. 
 
 Clonmel', town of Ireland, IV. 706. 
 
 Clootz, Jean Baptiste, baron (Anacharsis 
 Clootz), [klotes], revolutionist, IV. 707. 
 Clopton's hospital , III. 480, 2 c. 
 
 Cloquet, Hippolyte [kluh-ka], French phy¬ 
 sician, IV. 707. Ernest, 2 a. Jules Ger¬ 
 main, baron, ib. 
 
 Closed urn, Maria Manuela Kirkpatrick , moth¬ 
 er of the empress Eugenie, III. 55,1 ab. 
 Closing, in rope making, XIV. 425, 2 a. 
 
 Closse, Raphael Lambert [klusj, Canadian sol¬ 
 dier, IV. 707. 
 
 Closterium , alga, VI. 42, 1 c, 2 ab (ill., 43). 
 Closter Seven , convention of, V. 568, 2 a. 
 
 Clos de Vougeot [klo duh voo-zho], wine, VII. 
 
 413, 1 a; vineyard, IV. 614, 1 be. 
 
 Clot, Antoine [klo], French physician, IV. 708. 
 Clotaire, three kings of the Franks, IV. 708. 
 Clot Bey : see Clot, Antoine. 
 
 Cloth , woollen , manufacture of, XVI. 718, 1 a. 
 Machine for shearing, 719, 2 b ; for impart¬ 
 ing metallic lustre to, 720, 1 b. 
 
 Cloth-case binding , of books, III. 78, 1 ab, ff. 
 Clothing , hygienic relations of, IX. 131, 1 ab. 
 Clotiio, one of the Fates, IV. 708; XIII. 73, 
 2 a. 
 
 Clotho ari'etans (zoology), XVI. 368, 2 ab. 
 Cloth-yard shaft , arrow, I. 648, 2 c (ill.). 
 Clotilda, Saint, wife of King Clovis, IV. 708; 
 III. 451, 1 b. "Wife of King Amalaric, IV. 
 709, 1 a; I. 373, 2 c. 
 
 Clotilde, princess [klo-teeld], wife of Prince 
 Napoleon, III. 29, 1 a, b; 51,1b. 
 
 Clotilde de Surville : see Surville. 
 
 Cloud, county, IV. 709. 
 
 Cloudberry , XIV. 209, 2 c. 
 
 Cloud bursts , XVI. 508, 2 a. 
 
 Clouds, IV. 709. Formation of, illustrated at 
 Table mountain, 2 a. Height of, 2 b. Ve¬ 
 sicular theory of, 2 c. Forms of, 710, 1 ab, 
 ff. Howard’s nomenclature, ib ., and 712, 
 1 a. Cumulus, 710, 1 c (ill.); stratus, 2 a 
 (ill.) ; cirrus, 2 be (ill.) ; cirro-cumulus, 711, 
 1 b ; cirro-stratus, ib. ; cymoid cirro-stratus, 
 1 be; cumulo-stratus, 1 c ; nimbus, 2 a (ill.). 
 Nomenclature of Poey, 712, 1 a. Equatorial 
 belt, 2 ab; calms (doldrums), ib. ; influence 
 in mitigating heat, 2 c. Electric state, 713, 
 
 1 be. See Lightning. Cause of the white 
 color of clouds, X. 451, 1 c. 
 
 Clouds and fogs , how sustained in the atmos¬ 
 phere, I. 117, 1 b ; He Saussure’s hypothesis 
 untenable, 1 c. 
 
 Clough, Arthur Hugh [kluf], English author, 
 IV. 713. 
 
 Cloven grindstone theory of the milky way , 
 VII. 559, 1 c. Cloven ring theory, 560,1 b. 
 Clover, plant, IV. 713. Red clover, 2 c (ill., 
 714). Cultivation of, ib ., ff. Parasites, 714, 
 
 2 b. Crimson clover, 2 c. White clover, 
 715, 1 ab (ill.). Analyses of red and white 
 clovers, 1 c. Comparative value of clover, 
 2 a. Treatment of the crop, ib. 
 
 Clover Kill , village of Virginia, I. 602, 2 b. 
 Cloves, spice, IV. 715. Clove tree, 2 c (ill., 
 716) ; its cultivation, 716,1 a, If. Medicinal 
 use of cloves, 2 b. Oil of, ib. ; its use in 
 microscopy, 2 be. 
 
 Cloves , gorges in the Catskills, IV. 126, 1 b. 
 Clove of the Catterskill, ib. Clove of the 
 Plattekill, 1 c. Stony clove, ib. 
 
 Cloves of garlic , VII. 624, 2 b. 
 
 Clovis, founder of the Frankish monarchy, 
 IV. 716; VII. 378, 2 c. Conversion to 
 Christianity, IV. 717, 1 b. See I. 238, 2 a; 
 
 III. 451, 1 ab. Clovis II. and Clovis III., 
 
 IV. 717, 2 ab. 
 
 Clowes, John, English clergyman, IV. 717. 
 Clowes, William, English printer, IV. 717. 
 Cloyne, town of Ireland, IV. 718. Bishops of, 
 
 1 a. 
 
 Club, social, literary, artistic, or political asso¬ 
 ciation, IV. 718. 
 
 Club ball , game, V. 482, 1 a. 
 
 Clubbed fingers, in consumption, V. 283, 2 c. 
 Club Breton [klub bruh-to ng ] : see Jacobins, 
 IX. 499, 2 c. 
 
 Club de Ventresol [duh la ng -truh-siil], referred 
 to, XIV. 553, 1 b. 
 
CLUB-FOOT 
 
 COAST 
 
 209 
 
 Club-foot, deformity, IY. 718. Forms of, 
 
 1 a. Causes of, 719, 1 a. Treatment, 1 c. 
 Tenotomy, 2 ab. Tenotome, 2 be. 
 
 Club men , political party, Y. 503, 1 c. 
 
 Club mosses , X. 744, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Cludiform inscriptions: see Cuneiform In¬ 
 scriptions, Y. 570, 2 c. 
 
 Clugny [klti-nye]: see Cluny. 
 
 Cluny [klii-ne], town of France, IY. 719. 
 Abbey of, 2 c. II6tel de Cluny, museum in 
 Paris, 720, 1 ab; XIII. 87, 1 a. Congrega¬ 
 tion of Cluny, XI. 730, 1 ab. 
 
 Clu'pea (ichthyology), YIII. 696, 2 b. C. al¬ 
 ba, XVI. 604, 1 b. C. elongata, YIII. 696, 
 
 2 c (ill., 697). C. harengus, 697, 1 c (ill.). 
 C. minima, 1 b ; III. 293, 2 ab. 
 
 Cluricaune: see Fairies, YII. 65, 1 c. 
 Cluseret, Gustave Paul [klii-zuh-ra], French 
 soldier, IY. 720; Y. 164, 1 b; 165, 1 be; 
 166, 1 ab, 2 b. 
 
 Clusium, ancient city, IY. 720 ; 495, 2 a. 
 Cluver [kloo'-ver]: see Cluverius. 
 Cluve'rius, Philipp, German geographer, IY. 
 720. 
 
 Clyde, river of Scotland, IV. 721. Frith of 
 Clyde, 1 b. Forth and Clyde canal, 1 c. 
 Clyde, Lord : see Campbell, Sir Colin. 
 Clydesdale: see Lanarkshire. 
 
 Clydesdale breed of horses, IY. 721, 1 c. 
 Clymer, George, a signer of the Declaration 
 of Independence, IV. 721. 
 
 Clytemnes'tra, wife of Agamemnon, IY. 722; 
 I. 172, 1 ab. 
 
 Clytus robinice (entomology), X. 572, 1 ab. 
 Cnicus [ni'-kus], (botany), XV. 712. C. lance- 
 olatus, 2 b (ill.). C. arvensis, 713, 1 b (ill.). 
 Other species, 2 a. 
 
 Cnidce: see Lasso Cells, X. 181, 2 c. 
 
 Cnidus, ancient city of Caria, IY. 722. Battle 
 of, 1 c; YIII. 195, 2 c. 
 
 Cnossus, ancient capital of Crete, IY. 722. 
 
 Ruins of, 2 a; III. 697, 2 b. 
 
 Cnosus: see Cnossus. 
 
 Coach, IY. 722. In Germany and France, 
 2 b. Introduction into England, 723, 1 a. 
 Stage-coach travelling in the 17th and 18th 
 centuries, 1 be; mail coaches, 2 a. Forms 
 of, ib. The omnibus, 2 ab; post coaches, 
 2 c; the diligence, 724, 1 a. Construction 
 of coaches, 1 ab. 
 
 Coach-whip Snake, IV. 724 (ill.). 
 
 Coagulation of blood, II. 732, 1 b. 
 
 Coahoma [ko-a-ho'-ma], county, IY. 725. 
 Coahuila [-we'-la], state of Mexico, IY. 725. 
 
 14 
 
 Coaiti [ko-I'-te], mammal, IY. 725. Coaiti- 
 mondi, 2 c (ill.). Brown coaiti, ib . 
 
 Coal, IY. 726. Varieties of, 1 ab. Geologi¬ 
 cal formations, 727, 1 be, ff. (table, 728); 
 carboniferous period, 729, 2 ab ; later forma¬ 
 tions, 731, 1 a, ff. Lignite, 732, 1 a; peat 
 beds, 1 c. Origin of coal, 2 be; formation 
 of coal beds, 733, 1 c; of peat, 2 c; identity 
 of the processes, 737, 1 a. Alleghany coal 
 field, 739, 1 a; coal beds of Pennsylvania, 
 740, 2 a; of other states, 741, 2 a. Western 
 coal fields, 742, 1 c. Statistics of American 
 coal production, 743, 1 a. Qualities of 
 American coals, YII. 519, 1 a. Northwest¬ 
 ern coal fields, IY. 743, 2 a ; lignitic basin of 
 New Mexico, 2 c; of Colorado, 744, 1 b; 
 others, 2 a. Coal production of Great Brit¬ 
 ain, 745, 1 be; of the European continent, 
 746, 1 a; of the world (table), 2 ab. Histo¬ 
 ry, 2 b. See Anthracite. 
 
 Coal brasses (pyrites), XIY. 109, 1 be. 
 
 Coal fish (black pollack), XIII. 681, 2 c. 
 
 Coal Gas : see Gas. 
 
 Coalition \ministry, in the reign of George III., 
 YII. 709,1 a. 
 
 Coal oil: see Coal Products, IV. 753, 2 a,ff*.; 
 Kerosene, IX. 811, 2 a, 812, 2 a. 
 
 Coal Plants, IY. 747. Illustrations: Flabel- 
 laria borassifolia, 747; Neuropteris hirsuta, 
 Adiantites Lindseseformis, Sphenopteris tri¬ 
 dactylitis, Pecopteris louchitica, 748; Cau- 
 lopteris Worthenii, Lepidodendron, Sigilla- 
 ria, 749; Stigmaria, Lepidostrobus, 750 ; 
 Calamites, Annularia longifolia, Spheno- 
 phyllum Schlotheimii, Carpolithes, Trigono- 
 carpus, Cardiocarpus, 751. 
 
 Coal Products, IY. 752. Table of, ib. See 
 Coal tar (Index). 
 
 Coal tar, products of the distillation of, IY. 
 752 (table), 753, 1 a, ff.; I. 321, 2 b (Ali¬ 
 zarine) ; 548, 2 a (Anthracene) ; II. 546, 
 1 a (Benzole) ; III. 769, 2 b (Carbolic Acid) ; 
 XII. 133, 1 b (Naphtha) ; 134, 1 a (Naph¬ 
 thaline). See Tar. 
 
 Coal-tar creosote: see Carbolic Acid, and IY. 
 753, 1 be. 
 
 Coalville , county seat, XY. 467, 2 b. 
 
 Co'an, Titus, American missionary, IY. 754. 
 
 Coanza [ko-an'-za], river of Africa, IV. 754. 
 
 Coari [ko-a'-re], river of Brazil, IY. 754. 
 
 Coary : see Coari. 
 
 Coassus [ko-as'-sus], (zoology), Y. 757, 2 a; 
 761,1 ab. C. rufus and other species, 1 b, ff 
 
 Coast mountains: see Coast Range. 
 
210 
 
 COAST 
 
 COCHINEAL 
 
 Coast Range, mountains of California, IV. 
 
 754; XIV. 378, 1 be, 2 b. 
 
 Coast Survey, United States, IV. 755. First 
 attempt to organize, 756, 1 a; resumed, 2 c. 
 Reorganization under Prof. Baclie, 2 a. Sys¬ 
 tem of national triangulation established by 
 Prof. Peirce, 757, 1 a. Geodesy, method of, 
 
 2 b. Base line, 758, 1 be; base apparatus, 
 
 1 c. Triangulation, 2 ab. Latitude, 759, 1 ab ; 
 longitude, 1 e. Azimuth, 758, 1 b, 760, 1 be. 
 Topography, 1 c. Hydrography, 761, 1 a; 
 physical, 1 c. Tides, 2 b. Figure of the 
 earth, 762, 2 b. Variation of the compass, 
 
 763, 1 ab. Office work, 2 b. Organization, 
 
 764, 1 be. 
 
 Coat of arms , derivation of the phrase, VIII. 
 671, 1 b. Mediaeval ceremony of breaking, 
 at the extinction of a noble line, III. 211, 
 
 1 c ; last performed, ib. 
 
 Coatzacoalco [kwat-sa-kwal'-ko], river of 
 Mexico, IV. 765. 
 
 Co'a ves'tis: see Silk, XV. 40, 1 c. 
 
 Cob , male swan, XV. 500, 2 a. 
 
 Cobalt [ko'-bawlt], elementary metal, IV. 765. 
 Preparation of, 766,1 ab. Properties, 1 c. 
 Alloys, 2 a. Pigments from, 2 b. Other 
 uses of, 767, 1 b. 
 
 Cobalt blue , referred to, II. 757, 1 b. 
 
 Coban [ko-ban'J, city of Guatemala, IV. 767. 
 Cobb, county, IV. 767. 
 
 Cobb, Howell, American politician, IV. 767. 
 Cobbe, Frances Power, English authoress and 
 philanthropist, IV. 768. 
 
 Cobbett, William, English political writer, IV. 
 768. His attack upon Benjamin Rush, XIV. 
 472, 1 c. 
 
 Cobbett's corn (maize), IV. 769, 1 a. 
 
 Cobbler , fish, XI. 613, 1 ab. 
 
 Cobblers' spasm, XIV. 713, 2 c. 
 
 Cobblestones: see Pavement, XIII. 192, 1 c. 
 Cobden, Richard, English statesman, IV. 769. 
 
 Commercial treaty with France, III. 51, 2 a. 
 Cobham, Baron : see Oldcastle. 
 
 Cobham, Lord , mentioned, V. 470, 1 c. 
 
 Corn, desert of: see Gobi. 
 
 Cobija [ko-be'- k ha], seaport of Bolivia, IV. 770. 
 Cobi’tis (ichthyology), X. 555, 2 c. C. barba- 
 tula, ib. (ill.). C. taenia and C. fossilis, 556, 
 1 a, b. 
 
 Cob'lentz, city of Prussia, IV. 770. Railway 
 bridge, 771, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 “ Coblentz Address: " see Vatican, Council of 
 the, XVI. 274, 1 c. 
 
 Coblentz ware , XVI. 565, 2 c. 
 
 Co'bourg, Canada: see Coburg. 
 
 Cobra de Capello, snake, IV. 771 (ill.). 
 
 Cobs , hazel-nuts, VIII. 554, 2 c. 
 
 Coburg [ko'-boorg], duchy of Germany, IV. 
 772. Capital, 2 c. Ducal palace (ill.), 773. 
 Castle, 1 a. 
 
 Co'burg, town of Canada, IV. 773. 
 
 Coburg, Josias, prince of, Austrian field mar¬ 
 shal, IV. 773. 
 
 Coburg Family, IV. 773. 
 
 Cobweb, IV. 773. Uses of, 2 c. Fabrics made 
 of, 774, 1 a. 
 
 Coca, dried leaf of a shrub, IV. 774 (ill.). 
 Coccajo, Merlino [mair-le'-no kok-ka'-yo], (pseu- 
 donyme), inventor of macaronic poetry, X. 
 767, 2 ab. 
 
 Cocceians [kok-se'-yans]: see Coccejus. 
 Coccejus, Johannes [kuk-tsa'-yoos], German 
 Hebraist, IV. 774. Cocceians, 2 c. 
 
 Coccia, Carlo [kot'-cha], Italian composer, IV. 
 774. 
 
 Coccinella, beetle, II. 478, la; X. 90, 2 a. 
 Coccoliths and Coccospheres, minute subma¬ 
 rine bodies, IV. 775 (ill.). See Bathybius. 
 Coccos'teus, fossil fish, VII. 616, 1 a (ill.). 
 Coccothraus'tes (ornithology), VIII. 529, 2 a. 
 C. vulgaris, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Coccothrausti'nce (ornithology), VII. 190, 1 a; 
 VIII. 263, 2 c. 
 
 Cocculus, a fruit, IV. 775. Cocculus Indicus, 
 2 a (ill.). C. palmatus, V. 122, 2 c. 
 
 Coccus Adonidum (entomology), XI. 313, 1 c. 
 C. aquaticus, II. 558, 1 ab. C. cacti, IV. 
 778,1 a, 2 a (ill.). C. ficus, X. 75, 2 c; XV. 
 11, 1 b. C. ilicis, IV. 778, 1 be. 
 
 Coccyzus [kok-si'-zus], (ornithology), V. 557, 
 2 a. C. Americanus, 1 a. C. erythrophthal- 
 mus, 2 c. C. minor, 558, 1 a. 
 
 Cochabamba [ko-cha-bam'-ba], department of 
 Bolivia, IV. 775. Capital city, 2 b. 
 
 Cochet, Jean Benoit D6sire, abbe [kuh-sha], 
 French archaeologist, IV. 776. 
 
 Cochimi [ko-clie'-me], Indian nation, IV. 776. 
 Co'chin [properly ko-cheen'], rajahship of In¬ 
 dia, IV. 776. Town, 2 a. 
 
 Cochin, Charles Nicolas [kiih-sha ng ], French 
 engraver and designer, IV. 776. 
 
 Cochin, Pierre Suzanne Augustin, French wri¬ 
 ter, IV. 776. 
 
 Cochin China, province of Anam, IV. 777. 
 French or Lower Cochin China, lb; I. 457, 
 2 a. Language of, IX. 253, 2 ab. 
 
 Cochin China fowls, IV. 780, 2 ab; 783, 1 a. 
 Coch'ineal, insect, IV. 778 (ill.). Kermes. 
 
COCHITUATE 
 
 CODE 
 
 211 
 
 1 c. Mexican coccus introduced, 2 a. Cul¬ 
 ture of, 2 ab. Its coloring principle, 1 c. 
 Cochit’uate aqueduct, I. 615, 1 b (ill.). 
 CooniTfiATE Lake, Massachusetts, IV. 779; I. 
 615, 1 b. 
 
 Cochlea [kok'-le-a], of the ear, VI. 351, 2 ab. 
 Cochlea'via Armor a' da (botany), VIII. 830, 2 b 
 (ill., 831). C. officinalis, XIV. 724, 2 b (ill.). 
 Cochrane [kok'-ran], Scottish architect, favor¬ 
 ite of James III., referred to, IX. 515, 1 c. 
 Cochrane, Lord: see Dundonald, earl of. 
 
 His attempt to relieve Athens, II. 58, 2 a. 
 CocnRANE, John Dundas, British traveller, IV. 
 
 779. 
 
 Cochut, Andre [kuh-shu], French publicist, IV. 
 
 780. 
 
 Cock, gallinaceous bird, IV. 780. Wild species, 
 
 1 c. Jago cock, 2 a. Javan, &c., 2 b. 
 Sonnerat’s jungle fowl, 781, 1 a (ill.). Silk 
 cock, 2 a. Common cock and hen, 2 b. 
 Capons, 782, 1 be. Game cock, 2 a (ill.). 
 Chittagongs and Shanghais, 2 c. Cochin 
 Chinas, 783, 1 a. Chinese, 1 b. Brahma¬ 
 pootras, ib. Dorking breed, 1 be (ill.). Po¬ 
 lands, 2 a (ill.). Black Spanish and Fayal, 
 
 2 be. Bolton grays and Hamburgs, 2 c. 
 Bantams, ib. Negro cock, 781, 1 c. 
 
 Code, of a musket, XII. 97, 2 a. 
 
 Cockal hone, VIII. 825, 2 ab. 
 
 Cock-a-leekie, a Scotch dish, X. 312, 2 c. 
 Cockatoo', bird, IV. 784. Tricolor-crested, 
 1 c (ill.). Banksian, 785,1 a (ill., 784). Go¬ 
 liath or great black cockatoo, 1 b (ill.). Long¬ 
 billed, 1 c (ill.). See Parrot. 
 
 Cock'atrice, fabulous animal, IV. 785. Cock¬ 
 atrice of the Bible, II. 365, 1 ab. 
 
 Cockburn [ko'-burn], Sir Alexander James 
 Edmund, English jurist, IV. 785. Caleb 
 Cushing’s criticism of, 2 c. 
 
 Cockburn, Catharine, authoress, IV. 786. 
 Cockburn, Sir George, admiral, IV. 786. 
 Cockburn, Henry Thomas, lord, jurist, IV. 786. 
 Cook'chafer, insect, IV. 786; ills., 786, 787. 
 Cocke, county, IV. 787. 
 
 Cocker, bird dog, XV. 228, 2 a. 
 
 Cocker, Edward, English arithmetician, IV. 
 787. ^ 
 
 Cockerell, Charles Robert, English architect, 
 IV. 787. 
 
 Cockerill, John, English engineer, IV. 788. 
 Cockermouth [kok'-er-muth], town of Eng¬ 
 land, IV. 788. 
 
 Cock fighting , IV. 782, 2 ab. 
 
 Cock lane ghost, IX. 666, 1 b. 
 
 Cockle, shell, IV. 788 (ill.). 
 
 Cockle, weed, XVI. 587, 1 c. 
 
 Cockles, in glass making, VIII. 18, 2 a. 
 Cockling, in silk weaving, XIV. 306, 1 b. 
 Cockney, nickname, IV. 788. Cockney school 
 of literature, 2 ab. 
 
 Cock of the plains, bird, VIII. 271, 1 ab (ill.). 
 Cockroach, insect, IV. 788; ill., 789. How 
 destroyed, 789, 1 a. 
 
 Cocles, Horatius [ko'-kleez], Roman hero, IV. 
 789. 
 
 Cocoa [ko'-ko], a preparation of cacao seeds, 
 IV. 789. Cocoa butter, 2 b. Infusion of 
 cocoa shells, ib. 
 
 Cocoa butter: see Cocoanut Oil, and Cocoa, 
 IV. 789, 2 b. 
 
 Cocoa shells, III. 532, 2 a; IV. 789, 2 b. 
 Cocoanut [ko'-ko-nut], double or sea, XIII. 20, 
 
 1 c; XI. 293, 1 be (coco de mer). 
 
 Cocoanut Oil, or Cocoanut Butter, IV. 790. 
 Cocoanut Tree, IV. 790 (ill.). Uses of the 
 
 leaves, 2 c; of the sap, ib. ; of the husk, 
 791, 1 a; of the shell, 1 b ; of the nut, ib. 
 Age of Brazilian cocoanut palms, I. 184, 2 c. 
 Coco de mer [ko'-ko da mair], nut-bearing tree, 
 XI. 293, 1 be. 
 
 Cocoinece [ko-ko-in'-e-e], (botany), XIII. 21, 1 b. 
 Coco-Maricopas, tribe of Indians, IV. 791. 
 Coco-oleine [-o'-le-in], IV. 790, 1 ab. 
 
 Cocoon', IV. 792. 
 
 Coco'pas, tribe of Indians, IV. 792. 
 
 Cocos [ko'-koce], (botany), XIII. 21, 1 b. C. 
 nucifera, IV. 790, 1 ab. C. lapidea, V. 338, 
 
 2 ab. 
 
 Cocuyo [ko-koo'-yo], Cuban firefly, V. 546, 
 2 a; VII. 213, 1 c (cucujo). 
 
 Cocum, plant, XIII. 641, 1 b (Poke). 
 
 Cocy'tus, river of Epirus, IV. 792. River of 
 Hades, 2 b. 
 
 Cod, fish, IV. 792 (ill.). American, 2 c. Com¬ 
 mon or bank cod, 793, 1 a. Tomcod, 1 b. 
 Cod fishing, 2 c. Statistics of the American 
 fishery, 795, 2 a; of the British American, 
 2 b; of the French, 2 c. Bounties, 2 b, c. 
 European fisheries, 796, 1 a. 
 
 C. O. D.: see Express, VII. 41, 2 be. 
 Coddington, William, founder of Rhode Island 
 colony, IV. 796. 
 
 Code, compilation of laws, V. 5. Laws of 
 Lycurgus, 2 c ; of Solon, 6, 1 a. The twelve 
 tables of Rome, 1 c. Roman common law, 
 2 be. Roman compilations, 7, 1 a. Frank¬ 
 ish laws, 1 c. Capitularies of Charlemagne, 
 8, 1 a. Laws of Alfred the Great, 1 c. 
 
212 
 
 CODE 
 
 COGNAC 
 
 Feudal customary law in France, 2 b. 
 French codes, 9, 1 a. German laws, 2 a. 
 Prussian code, 2 b; Russian, 2 c. Codes of 
 the United States, 10, 1 a. Analysis of the 
 New York civil code, 11, la. 
 
 Code forestier [fo-res-tya], (French), Y. 9, 1 c. 
 Code Frederic [fra-da-reek], (Prussian), Y. 9, 
 
 2 b. 
 
 Code of How el Da, referred to, IY. 179, 2 a. 
 Code Napoleon , Y. 9, 1 be. The courts re¬ 
 quired to decide on general principles and 
 analogy, 482, 2 be. 
 
 Code of procedure, in New York, YII. 176, 1 c. 
 Codeia [ko-de'-ya], alkaloid, Y. 11; XII. 649, 
 
 1 b ; 650, 1 a. 
 
 Codex, ancient manuscript or collection of 
 laws, V. 11. C. Alexandrinus, XI. 133, 1 b : 
 see Alexandrian Codex. C. Amiatinus, 
 
 2 b. C. Argenteus, 131, 2 b; YIII. 125, 1 c: 
 see Argenteus Codex. C. Aureus, XI. 
 
 131, 2 b. C. Basilensis, XI. 133, 2 a. C. 
 Bezse or C. Cantabrigiensis, 133, 1 c: see 
 Beza’s Codex. C. Canonum, III. 718, 1 a, 
 
 2 a. C. Carolinus, YIII. 125, 1 c, 2 b. C. Cot- 
 tonianus Geneseos, XI. 132, 1 a. C. Ephra- 
 emi, 133, 1 be. C. Gregorianus, IY. 622, 
 
 2 ab. C. Hermogenianus, ib. C. Isidoriana, 
 III. 718, 1 b. C. Justinianus, Y. 11, 2 b ; IY. 
 623, 1 c, 624, 1 be. C. Prisca, III. 718, 1 b. 
 C. Purpureus, XI. 133, 1 c. C. repetitso Prse- 
 lectionis, IY. 624, 1 c, 2 b. C. rescriptus 
 (palimpsest), Y. 11, 2 b. C. Sinaiticus, XI. 
 
 132, 2 c; XY. 769,1 c, If. C. Theodosianus, 
 Y. 7, 1 b; IY. 622, 2 b; III. 513, 2 c. C. 
 Turinensis, YIII. 125, 2 ab. C. Yaticanus, € 
 XL 133, 1 a. C. Yetus, IY. 623, 2 a. 
 
 Codfish of the lakes (eel pout), X. 506, 2 b. 
 Codices Ambrosia'ni [ko'-de-seez], Gothic manu¬ 
 scripts, YIII. 125, 2 a. 
 
 Codicil, addition to a will, Y. 11. 
 
 Codjii gum, IY. 54, 1 b. 
 
 Codling, fish, YIII. 385, 1 a. 
 
 Cod-Liver Oil, Y. 11. Medicinal use of, 12, 
 
 1 b; first advocated in Great Britain, II. 
 531, 1 ab. 
 
 Codogno [ko-do'-nyo], town of Italy, Y. 12. 
 Codoy , Juan, discoverer of silver mines in 
 Chili, Y. 317, 1 a. 
 
 Cod'rington, Sir Edward, English admiral, 
 Y. 12. Sir William John, general, 2 c. 
 Co'drus, last king of Athens, Y. 13. 
 
 Cod sounds , I. 217, 2 a. Isinglass made from, 
 ib., and IX. 427, 1 ab. 
 
 Coehorn, Menno van, baron [ko'-horn], (Dutch, 
 
 Coehoorn, koo'-horn), Dutch general and en¬ 
 gineer, Y. 13. 
 
 Coehorn , light mortar, III. 707, 1 b ; Y. 13,1 c. 
 
 Ccelestius, disciple of Pelagius, XIII. 234,1 a, If. 
 
 Code-Syria, XIII. 5, 2 c; X. 281, 1 ab. 
 
 Codius Aurelianus, his treatment of insanity, 
 IX. 297, 1 c. 
 
 Coello, Claudio [ko-a'-lyo], Spanish painter, 
 Y. 13. 
 
 Codogenys [se-loj'-e-nis], (zoology), XII. 778. 
 C. paca, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Ccelus : see Uranus, in mythology. 
 
 Coemptio [ko-emp'-she-o], Roman form of mar¬ 
 riage, Y. 221, 2 b. 
 
 Ccenac'ulum , hall in the tomb of David, IX. 
 617, 2 c. 
 
 Ccenobium, monastic institution : see Cenobite. 
 
 Ccenop'olis, ancient town: see Keneii. 
 
 Coetne Arthor (Arthur’s quoits), Y. 500, 1 c. 
 
 Coetus [ko-e'-tus], an assembly of the Reformed 
 Dutch church, XIY. 256, 1 a; of the Ger¬ 
 man Reformed, 258, 2 b. Coetus and con¬ 
 ference controversy, 256, 1 a. 
 
 Cceur, Jacques [kiir], French merchant and 
 royal treasurer, Y. 14; IY. 287, 1 ab. 
 
 Cceur d'Alene [kiir da-lain], lake and river, IX. 
 166, 2 c. Range, 2 a. Mission, Y. 14, 1 c; 
 IX. 166, 1 c, 168, 2 c. 
 
 Cceur de Lion [kiir diik le-o ng ]: see Richard I. 
 
 Cceurs d’Alene [kiir], Indian tribe, Y. 14. 
 
 Coffea Arabica (botany), Y. 14, 2 a. 
 
 Coffee, Y. 14. Coffee plant, 1 a (ill.). Culti¬ 
 vation of, 1 ab. History of its use, 15, 1 be. 
 Preparation and chemical constitution, 2 b. 
 Use as a beverage, 16, lb. Mocha coffee, 
 2 a; Java, ib.; Brazilian, 2 b. Statistics, 
 2 be. Medicinal use, 17, 2 ab. Adultera¬ 
 tion, 2 c. Origin of the name, IX. 731, 2 b. 
 
 Coffee, three counties, V. 17. 
 
 Coffee, Col., affray with the Bentons, IX. 488, 
 2 b. Defeats the Creek Indians, 489, 1 a. 
 
 Coffeeville, county seat, XYI. 768, 2 a. 
 
 Coffer dam , Y. 650, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Coffer fish:. see Trunk Fisn. 
 
 Coffey, county, Y. 18. 
 
 Coffin, Sir Isaac, English admiral, Y. 18. 
 
 Coffin, James Henry, American mathemati¬ 
 cian, V. 18. 
 
 Cogalniceano, Michael [ko-gal-nich-a-a'-no], 
 Roumanian historian and statesman, Y. 18. 
 
 Cogalnitchanu: see Cogalniceano. 
 
 CoGnET Ti, Francesco, Italian painter, Y. 18. 
 
 Cogito, ergo sum: see Descartes, YI. 37, 2 b. 
 
 Cognac [kiih-nyak], town of France, Y. 19. 
 
COGNATES 
 
 COLD 
 
 213 
 
 Cognac brandy, III. 210, 2 a; IV. 275, 1 b; 
 VII. 415, 1 a. Flavoring stuff, III. 210, 
 2 be. 
 
 Cognates, in law, V. 19. 
 
 Cogniard, Theodore [kiih-nye-ar], French 
 playwright, V. 19. Hippolyte, ib. 
 Cog'nizance , in heraldry, VIII. 674, 1 be. 
 Cognizance , to make: see Replevin, XIV. 
 273, 1 b. 
 
 Cogno'men : see Names, XII. 127, 2 a. 
 Cognovit, in law, V. 19. 
 
 Cogswell, Joseph Green, American scholar, 
 V. 19. See Astor Library, II. 41,1 b, c, 2 b. 
 Cohahuila [ko-a-we'-la]: see Coahuila. 
 Cohasset, town of Massachusetts, V. 20. 
 Cohesion, V. 20; I. 158, 2 a, b. 
 
 Cohoes [ko-hooz'], city of New York, V. 21. 
 Cohoes falls, 2 ab ; XI. 700, 2 c. Manufac¬ 
 tures of, V. 21, 2 c, ff. 
 
 Co'horn: see Coehorn. 
 
 Cohorn , mortar, V. 13, 1 c; III. 707, 1 b. 
 Co'hort, in Roman antiquity, V. 22. Cohors 
 milliaria, 2 b. 
 
 Cohosh', plant, V. 22 (ill.). Red and white, 2 c. 
 Coif, head dress, V. 23. 
 
 Coignet, Francois [kwa-nya], concrete of ( beton 
 agglomere ), V. 209, 1 b. 
 
 Coimbatoor : see Coimbatore. 
 
 Coimbatore [ko-im-ba-tore'], district of India, 
 V. 23. Capital, 1 c. 
 
 Coimbra [ko-im'-bra; Port. kwi ns '-bra], city of 
 Portugal, V. 23. University of, 1 a. Plaza 
 (ill.). Library of founded, I. 297, 2 b. 
 
 Coin [ko-een'J, town of Spain, V. 23. 
 
 Coinage, decimal , proposed and secured by Mr. 
 
 Jefferson, IX. 592, 1 be. 
 
 Coinage , standard silver for, XV. 48, 2 ab. 
 Coinage act of 1873, IV. 201, 2 ab; V. 27, 2 ab. 
 Coining press, XI. 619, 2 a (ill., 620). 
 
 Coins, V. 23. Material of, 24, 1 b. Standard, 
 2 ab. Form, 25, 1 a. Impressions, 1 b. 
 American colonial coinage, 2 a; federal, 26, 
 2 a. Mint established, 2 be. Coinage acts, 
 ib ., ff. Coins of various countries (ills.), 28- 
 
 30. Table of coins of different countries, 30, 
 
 31. Total U. S. coinage, 32, 1 a. Ancient 
 coins, 1 b. German, old, VII. 749, 1 c; 
 new, 2 a, V. 30, 1 c. See Mint, and Nu¬ 
 mismatics. 
 
 Coir , cocoanut fibre, IV. 791, lb; X. 77, 1 c. 
 Coire [kwar], town of Switzerland, V. 33. 
 Coit, Thomas Winthrop, American clergyman, 
 V. 33. 
 
 Co'ix lach’ryma (botany), IX. 644, 2 b. 
 
 Cojutepec, or Cojutepeque [ko- k hoo-ta-paik', 
 -pa'-ka], town of San Salvador, V. 33. 
 
 Coke, fuel, V. 33. Superiority of English 
 coke, 34, 1 ab. Methods of coking, 1 c. 
 
 Coke, Natural, V. 35. 
 
 Coke, Sir Edward, English jurist, V. 35. Ad¬ 
 vice to students of law, 2 c. Behavior as a 
 prosecutor, 36,1 a. Jealousy of Bacon, 1 ab; 
 37, 2 be. Integrity and independence as a 
 judge, 36, 1 c, 2 c, 37, 1 a, ff. Deprived of 
 his offices, 2 a-b. Ilis commentary on Lit¬ 
 tleton, 38,1 a. Resistance to corruption and 
 tyranny, 1 c. Basis of the habeas corpus 
 act, 2 be. Petition of right, ib. 
 
 Coke, Thomas, first bishop of the Methodist 
 Episcopal church, V. 39. Deed of declara¬ 
 tion, 1 ab. Commentary on the Scriptures, 
 2 a, b, c. Methodist missions administered 
 by him, XI. 642, 2 b. 
 
 Coke, Thomas William, earl of Leicester of 
 Holkliam, English agriculturist, V. 40. 
 
 Cokings , product of petroleum, XIII. 373,1 c. 
 
 Col., abbreviation on coins, XII. 537, 1 ab. 
 
 Cola di Rienzi : see Rienzi. 
 
 Colapoor', rajahship of India, V. 40. Capital, 
 
 1 c. 
 
 Colap'tes aura'tus (ornithology), XVI. 710, 
 
 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Col de Balme [kul duh balm], pass in the Alps, 
 I. 354, 1 be. 
 
 Colberg [kole'-bairg], town of Prussia, V. 40. 
 
 Colbert [kole'-bert], county, V. 40. 
 
 Colbert, Jean Baptiste, marquis de Seignelay 
 [kul-bair], French statesman, V. 40. His 
 improvement of the condition of France, 2 c; 
 XIII. 666, 2 b. Jean Baptiste, marquis de 
 Seignelay, his son, V. 41, 1 c. 
 
 Colbrand, legendary giant, XVI. 467, 1 c. 
 
 Colburn, Warren [kole'-burn], American ma¬ 
 thematician, V. 41; I. 708, 2 b. 
 
 Colburn, Zerah, arithmetical prodigy, V. 41. 
 
 Colby, Thomas, English engineer, V. 42. 
 Compensation bar, 2 c. 
 
 Colby university : see Wateryille. 
 
 Colchester, borough of England, V. 42. Ben¬ 
 edictine abbey, 1 b (ill.). St. Botolph’s 
 priory, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Colchester, county, V. 43. 
 
 Colchester, Lord: see Abbot, Charles. 
 
 Col'chicum, plant, V. 43 (ill., 44). Medicinal 
 use of, 2 c. 
 
 Colchis [kol'-kis], ancient country of Asia, 
 V. 44. 
 
 Cold : see Catarrh. 
 
214 
 
 COLD 
 
 COLLEGIUM 
 
 Cold , absolute: see Atmosphere, II. 83, 1 c. 
 
 Colden, Cadwallader, American physician and 
 statesman, Y. 44. Cadwallader David, law¬ 
 yer and legislator, 2 c. 
 
 Cold Harbor, Battles of: see Chickahominy, 
 IY. 413, 2 a; 416, 2 c. 
 
 Coldingham 'priory , ruins of, referred to, II. 
 588, 1 a. 
 
 Cold short , in iron making, II. 780, 1 a; IX. 
 371, 2 ab. 
 
 Cold Spring: see Cape May, III. 750, 1 b. 
 
 Cold Spring , county seat, XIY. 606, 1 c. 
 
 Cold Spring , West Point foundery at, XIII. 
 128, 1 a. 
 
 Cold'stream, town of Scotland, Y. 45. Cold¬ 
 stream guards, 1 b. 
 
 Cold icall , in the Gulf stream, II. 75, 1 b. 
 
 Cold'water, city of Michigan, Y. 45. 
 
 Cole, county, Y. 45. 
 
 Cole, Thomas, American painter, Y. 45. His 
 “ Course of Empire,” 46, 1 be; “ Yoyage of 
 Life,” 1 c. 
 
 Colebrooke, Henry Thomas, English oriental¬ 
 ist, Y. 46. 
 
 Colemaist, county, Y. 47. 
 
 Coleman, William, American journalist, Y. 
 47. Establishment of the “ Evening Post,” 
 newspaper, 2 c. 
 
 Colenso, John William, English bishop and 
 writer, Y. 47. 
 
 Coleoptera [ko-le-op'-te-ra]: see Beetle. 
 
 Colepeper , Thomas: see Culpeper. 
 
 Colepina [ko-le-pi'-na], animalcules, I. 515, 1 c. 
 
 Cole'raine, town of Ireland, Y. 48. Cole- 
 raines, linen, 1 c. 
 
 Cole'ridge, Hartley, English author, Y. 48. 
 
 Coleridge, Henry Nelson, lawyer and author, 
 Y. 48. 
 
 Coleridge, Sir John Duke, lawyer, Y. 49. 
 
 Coleridge, Sir John Taylor, judge, Y. 49. 
 
 Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, English poet and 
 philosopher, Y. 49. Scheme of pantisocracy, 
 50, 1 a. Eepublican and Unitarian, ib. 
 Preaches his probation sermon to a Uni¬ 
 tarian congregation, 2 a. Residence in Ger¬ 
 many, ib. Becomes a royalist and champion 
 of the established church, 2 b. An opium 
 eater, ib. His conversational powers, 2 c. 
 Writings, 50, 1 c; 51, 1 a. 
 
 Coleridge, Sara, w r riter, Y. 51. 
 
 Coles, county, A 7 . 52. 
 
 Coles, Cowper Phipps, English naval officer, 
 Y. 52. 
 
 Col'et, John, English clergyman, Y. 52. 
 
 Colet, Louise [kuh-la], French poetess, Y. 52. 
 
 Colfax [kole'-fax], three counties, Y. 53. 
 
 Colfax , county seat, YIII. 155, 1 a. 
 
 Colfax, Schuyler, vice president of the United 
 States, Y. 53. 
 
 Col du Geant [kul dii zha-a ng ], in the Alps, re¬ 
 ferred to, YII. 107, 2 c. 
 
 Colhuis [kole'-wees], Indian race, XI. 472,1 be. 
 
 Col'ic, Y. 54. Varieties of, 1 b. Treatment, 
 1 c. Lead colic: see Lead, X. 246, 2 a, b, c. 
 
 Col'ica Picto'num , disease, X. 246, 2 ab. 
 
 Coligni, Gaspard de [kuh-le-nye], Huguenot 
 leader, Y. 54; II. 348, 1 b, c; 349, 1 a, ab. 
 
 Coligny: see Coligni. 
 
 Colima [ko-le'-ma], state of Mexico, Y. 55 (ill.). 
 Yolcano of, 2 c. Capital city, 56, 1 a. 
 
 Colisce'um: see Colosseum. 
 
 Colise'um: see Colosseum. 
 
 Collaguas [ko-lya'-gwass], ancient S. American 
 people, II. 169, 1 c. 
 
 Col'lamer, Jacob, American senator, Y. 56. 
 
 Collar , in grafting, YIII. 139, 1 c. 
 
 Collateral inheritance , in Roman law, YI. 39, 
 
 1 a; in English common law, 1 c; in the 
 United States, 40, 2 ab. 
 
 Colle, Charles [kul-la], dramatist, V. 56. 
 
 Colle, Raffaellino dal [kol'-la], painter, Y. 56, 
 
 Collect pond, Hew York city, XII. 373, 2 c. 
 
 College, Y. 56. Various associations and in¬ 
 stitutions so called, 1 ab. Colleges as depart¬ 
 ments of a university, 57, 2 a. Sion college, 
 
 2 c. Mediaeval French colleges, ib. Colleges 
 of the English universities, 58, 1 a. Fellows 
 of a college, 1 ab. Halls, 1 be. Gresham col¬ 
 lege, ib. (see Gresham). University of Lon¬ 
 don, 1 c. Colleges in France, 2 c; college 
 of France, ib. In Rome, 59, 1 be. In the 
 United States, 2 a; tabular list, 60-62. 
 Representative American college: see Edu¬ 
 cation, YI. 426, 1 c. 
 
 College of arms: see Heraldry, YIII. 674, 1 c. 
 
 College of civilians: see Doctors’ Commons. 
 
 College of electors , in Germany, VI. 100, 1 a; 
 in the United States, XYI. 139, 2 a. 
 
 College Hill, village of Ohio, V. 63. Farm¬ 
 er’s college, 1 a; Ohio female college, ib. 
 
 College of justice, in Scotland, IX. 516, 1 be; 
 V. 57, 1 a. 
 
 College of the Propaganda , XIY. 28, 2 b. Con¬ 
 nection of the Jesuits with it, IX. 632,1 be. 
 
 Collegia opificum, mediaeval companies of 
 craftsmen, YIII. 304, 2 be. 
 
 Collegium fetialium [fe-se-a'-le-um]: see Law 
 of Nations, X. 222, 1 b. 
 
COLLEOXI 
 
 COLOMBIA 
 
 215 
 
 Colleoni, Bartolommeo , chapel of, II. 555, 1 c. 
 
 Col'les, Christopher, American engineer, Y. 
 63. 
 
 Col'leton, county, Y. 63. 
 
 Colleton, James, colonial governor, Y. 63. 
 
 Collet'ta, Pietro, Italian patriot, Y. 63. 
 
 Collier, Arthur, English clergyman and phi¬ 
 losopher, Y. 63. 
 
 Collt 17 *, Jeremy, English clergyman and au¬ 
 thor, Y. 64. 
 
 Collier, John Payne, English author, Y. 64. 
 
 Colliers of England , condition of, Y. 65, 2 b-c. 
 
 Colliery, Y. 64. Illustrations: Summit hill, 
 Mauch Chunk mountain, 65 ; mammoth coal 
 bed, ib. ; old Baltimore mines, ib. ; English 
 coal measures and unconformable rock, 66; 
 Alleghany coal measures, 67; incline and 
 drifts, ib. ; plications of anthracite measures 
 near Pottsville, Pa., 68 ; drift, with dip and 
 strike of inclining coal beds, ib. ; slope, tun¬ 
 nel, and breaker, ib. ; slip dike, 69 ; change 
 of horizon, ib. ; “ trouble ”—volcanic forma¬ 
 tions, ib. ; section of slope, ib. ; Pennsylvania 
 anthracite shaft, 70; English circular shaft, 
 ib. ; travelling rods, 71; safety shield and 
 platform, 72; underground mining pump, 
 73. Table of British mining districts, 74, b ; 
 of accidents in British mines, 1 c. 
 
 Collimation: see Transit Circle, XY. 844, 
 2 c, 845, 2 b. 
 
 Collimator, floating, IX. 772, 1 a (Kater). 
 
 Collin, county, Y. 75. 
 
 Collin, town: see Kolin. 
 
 Collingwood, town of Canada, Y. 75. 
 
 Collingwood, suburb of Melbourne, Y. 75. 
 
 Collingwood, Cutlibert, lord, admiral, Y. 75. 
 
 Collins, Anthony, English philosophical and 
 skeptical writer, Y. 76. 
 
 Collins, Charles Allston, English painter and 
 author, Y. 76. 
 
 Collins, Isaac, American printer and publisher, 
 
 Y. 76. 
 
 Collins, "William, English poet, Y. 76. 
 
 Collins, William, painter, Y. 77. 
 
 Collins, William Wilkie, novelist, Y. 77. 
 
 Collinson, Peter, English botanist, Y. 77. 
 
 Collinsonia, genus of plants, Y. 77, 2 ab. 
 
 Colliquative diarrhoea, Y. 283, 2 c. 
 
 Colln, Georg Friedrich Wilibald Ferdinand 
 von [fon koln], German author, Y. 77. 
 
 Collocalia (ornithology), XY. 520, 2 b. C. 
 esculenta, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Collodio-bromideprocess, in photography, XIII. 
 
 471, 2 o. 
 
 Collodion, adhesive substance, Y. 77. Use in 
 photography, 78, 1 c; in medicine, ib. 
 Collodion process, in photography, XIII. 470, 
 
 1 c; 471, 1 a. 
 
 Collodium : see Collodion. 
 
 Col'loids, in chemistry, YI. 71, 1 c. 
 
 Collombet, Francois Z6non [kuh-lo n *-ba], 
 French author, Y. 78. 
 
 Colloredo [kol-lo-ra'-do], noble family of Aus¬ 
 tria, Y. 78. 
 
 Colloredo-Mansfeld: see Colloredo, Y. 79, 1 b. 
 Colloredo-Mels and Waldsee: see Colloredo, 
 
 V. 79, 1 a. 
 
 Colloredo-Wallsee: see Colloredo, Y. 78, 2 c. 
 Collot d’Herbois, Jean Marie [kuh-lo dair- 
 bwa], French revolutionist, Y. 79. 
 
 Collyrio borealis (ornithology), III. 486, 2 be. 
 
 C. Ludovicianus, 2 c; 487, 1 c. 
 
 Colman, Benjamin [kole'-man], American cler¬ 
 gyman, Y. 79. 
 
 Colman, George, the elder, English dramatist, 
 Y. 80. George, the younger, dramatist, 1 c. 
 Colman, Henry, American clergyman and au¬ 
 thor, Y. 80. 
 
 Colmar [kole'-mar], city of Alsace, Y. 80. 
 Colne [koln], town of England, Y. 80. Eiver, 
 
 2 c. 
 
 Colne , river of Essex, England: see Colchester. 
 Colne Ceaster, Y. 43, 2 ah (Colchester). 
 Col'obus (zoology), XI. 752, 1 he. C. poly- 
 comus, ib. 
 
 Colocasium esculentum (botany), III. 562, 1 c. 
 Coloco'lo, a variety of cat, Y. 80 (ill., 81). 
 Colocotro'nis, Tlieodoros, Greek general, 
 Y. 81. 
 
 Col'ocynth, a fruit, Y. 81. Plant, 2 a (ill.). 
 Use in medicine, ib. 
 
 Colocynthine [kol-o-sin'-thin], hitter substance, 
 Y. 81, 2 a. 
 
 Cologne [ko-lone'; Fr. kuh-lony’], city of 
 Prussia, Y. 81. Cathedral, 82, 2 a (ill.); IY. 
 118, 1 c. Altarpiece, YI. 130, 2 c. Fac¬ 
 simile of the original design: see Moller. 
 Modern architect of: see Zwirner. His¬ 
 tory of Cologne, Y. 82, 1 c. 
 
 Cologne spirit, YI. 144, 2 c. See Whiskey, 
 XYI. 597, 2 b. 
 
 Cologne Water: see Eau de Cologne. 
 Colom'bia, United States of, republic of South 
 America, Y. 83. Coasts, 2 a. Topography, 
 2 b. Map, 84. Hydrography, 85, 1 h. 
 Geology, 2 b. Minerals, 86, 1 ah. Climate, 
 1 be. Flora, 2 a. Fauna, 2 b. People, 2 c. 
 Industries, 87, 1 b. Commerce, 1 c. Inter- 
 
216 
 
 COLOMBIA 
 
 COLQUHOUN 
 
 communication, 2 b. Education, 2 c. Gov¬ 
 ernment, 88, 1 a. Religion, 1 b. Army, 
 ib. Finances, ib. Aborigines, 1 c. His¬ 
 tory, 2 c. See Bolivar. 
 
 Colombina: see Harlequin, YIII. 463, 2 a. 
 Colombine [ko-lom'-bin], bitter principle, Y. 
 122, 2 c. 
 
 Colombo, capital of Ceylon, Y. 90. Cathe¬ 
 dral (ill.). 
 
 Colombretes: see Columbretes. 
 
 Colommen , pigeon, IV. 27, 2 a. 
 
 Colon [ko-lone'], town: see Aspinwall. 
 Co'lon, intestine, Y. 90. 
 
 Colon , in punctuation, XIY. 88, 2 a, b. 
 
 Volo'ni: see Serf, XIY. 774, 1 a and be, 2 c. 
 Colonia Agrippina, ancient name of Cologne, 
 I. 209, la; Y. 82, 2 c. 
 
 Colonia Glevum, YIII. 38, 1 a (Gloucester). 
 Colonia Patricia , Y. 348, 1 b (Cordova). 
 Colonia powder, VII. 38, 1 a. 
 
 Colonia Serbinum, VII. 528,1 c (Funfkirchen). 
 Colonization: see Colony. 
 
 Colonization Society, Y. 91. Colony of 
 Liberia, 2 c. Its independence acknowl¬ 
 edged, 92, 1 b. 
 
 Colonna, a princely family of Italy, Y. 92. 
 Fabrizio, lord high constable of Naples, 2 a. 
 Prospero, general, ib. Vittoria, poetess, 2 b. 
 Marc Antonio, duke of Paliano, viceroy of 
 Sicily, 93, 1 a. Fabio, botanist, ib. Treat¬ 
 ment of the family by Boniface YIII., III. 
 66, 1 b. 
 
 Colonna, Ottone (Pope Martin V.), XI. 208, 
 2 ab. 
 
 Col'onsay, island, Hebrides, Y. 93. Little 
 Colonsay, 1 b. 
 
 Colony, Y. 93. Phoenician colonization, 1 be; 
 Greek, 1 c; Homan, 2 a; Genoese and Vene¬ 
 tian, 2 b; Portuguese, ib.; Spanish, 2 c; 
 Dutch, 94, lb; Danish, 2 a; French, 2 b; 
 English, 95, 1 a; American, 2 a. 
 
 Colony of the Bay Islands, III. 24, 1 b. 
 Colophon, ancient city of Asia Minor, Y. 95. 
 
 Oracle of, XII. 660, 1 c. 
 
 Colophony, kind of rosin, XIY. 441, 2 b ; 
 XYI. 77, 2 a. 
 
 Color, Y. 95. Sir David Brewster’s theory of 
 the cause of, 96, 1 c; 97, 1 a, b. Undulatory 
 theory, 2 c. Complementary colors, 97, 1 c. 
 Subjective or accidental colors, 2 be. Match¬ 
 ing of colors, 99, 1 a. Sir Isaac Newton’s 
 theory of colors, XII. 347, 2 a. 
 
 Colorado [kol-o-ra'-do], territory of the United 
 States (made a state 1876), V. 99. Popula¬ 
 
 tion, 2 a. Indians, ib. Topography, 2 c; 
 the plains, 100, 2 ab; the divide, 2 b; the 
 park system, 2 c. Rivers, 101, 1 c. Geolo¬ 
 gy, 102, 1 ab. Minerals, 2 a; gold produc¬ 
 tion, ib. ; silver, 103, 1 ab; iron, &c., 2 a. 
 Climate, 2 be. Soil and productions, 104, 
 1 b. Manufactures, 2 c. Intercommunica¬ 
 tion, 105, 1 a. Government, 1 c. Educa¬ 
 tion, 2 b. Religious denominations, 2 c. 
 History, 106, 1 a. 
 
 Colorado, county, Y. 106. 
 
 Colorado, river of Texas, Y. 106. 
 
 Colorado, Rio Colorado, or Colorado River 
 of the West, Y. 106. Canons of the, 107, 
 
 1 a; first descent, 2 c. Exploration of the 
 Colorado valley, 108, 1 b. 
 
 Colorado, river of South America, Y. 108. 
 Colorado City, county seat, YI. 553, 1 c. 
 Colorado desert, III. 600, 2 ab; XIY. 598, 2 c. 
 Colorado potato beetle: see Potato Bug. 
 Colorado range, Y. 100, 1 a. 
 
 Color-Blindness, Y. 108. Cause of, 109,1 c. 
 Colored soldiers, first enlisted in the federal 
 army, X. 494, 2 c. 
 
 Colored spaces, in telescopes, irrationality of 
 the, XY. 628, 1 a. 
 
 Colorim'eter, instrument, Y. 109. 
 
 Color lines, in gem engraving, VII. 664, 1 c. 
 Colors, substantive, YI. 339, 2 ab; adjective, 
 
 2 b ; fugitive, 2 c ; fast, ib. 
 
 “ Colors,' 1 ' 1 artists’ name of paints, XII. 804, 
 2 b. Artists’ colors, 805, 1 b. 
 
 Colors, in flags, VII. 249, 1 b. 
 
 Colos's^e, ancient city of Phrygia, Y. 110. 
 Colosse'um, amphitheatre in Rome, Y. 110 
 (ill.); I. 440, 1 c; XIY. 411, 2 c. Scene of 
 the martyrdom of the early Christians, Y. 
 
 111, 1 a. Attempt to erect in it a manufac¬ 
 tory of saltpetre, 1 c. Preserved by conse¬ 
 cration to the memory of the martyrs, ib. 
 
 Colossians, Epistle to the, Y. 111. 
 Colossochelys atlas [ko-los-so-ke'-lis], fossil tor¬ 
 toise, XY. 666, 1 b; 812, 2 be. 
 
 Colossus, gigantic statue, Y. 111. Colossus 
 of Rhodes, 2 b. Other ancient colossi, 2 c. 
 Modern colossi, 112, 1 ab; II. 267, 2 c (statue 
 of Arminius, completed 1875). 
 
 Colostrum : see Milk, XI. 542, 2 be. 
 
 Colot, Laurent [kiih-lo], French surgeon, V„ 
 
 112 . 
 
 Colporteur [kol-pore'-ter], itinerant missionary, 
 XY. 831, 2 c. 
 
 Colquhoun, J. C. [ko-hoon'], author: see An- 
 imal Magnetism, I. 526, 2 c. 
 
COLQUHOUN 
 
 COLYMBUS 
 
 CoLQunouN, Patrick, British author, V. 112. 
 
 Colquit, county seat, XI. 551, 1 c. 
 
 Colquitt, county, Y. 112. 
 
 Colt, Samuel, American inventor, Y. 112. Ilis 
 armory, 113, 1 a. Colt’s revolving pistol, 
 XIII. 545, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Colton, Caleb Charles, English writer, Y. 113. 
 
 Colton, Calvin, American clergyman and wri¬ 
 ter, V. 113. 
 
 Colton, Walter, American clergyman and wri¬ 
 ter, Y. 113. 
 
 Coltsfoot, herb, Y. 114 (ill.). 
 
 Col'uber, genus of serpents, Y. 114. C. ZEs- 
 culapii, 2 b. C. constrictor or C. basca- 
 nion, II. 684, 1 a. C. eximius, IV. 420, 2 a 
 (ill.). C. guttatus, Y. 368, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Colu'go : see Flying Lemur. 
 
 Columba (ornithology), XIII. 504, 1 b. C. 
 livia, 1 c ; variety of, IY. 27, 2 a. C. palum- 
 bus, XIII. 505,1 b (ill.). C. cenas, &c., 1 c, ff. 
 
 Columba, Saint, apostle of Caledonia, Y. 114. 
 Removal of his relics, YI. 316, 1 be. Mo¬ 
 nastic colonies established by him, XI. 729, 
 2 be. See Iona, IX. 329, 1 a. 
 
 Columba'nus, Saint, Y. 115. Monastic institu¬ 
 tions founded by him, XI. 729, 2 c. 
 
 Columbaria , ancient city : see Colmar. 
 
 Columbaria , for the dead, III. 453, 2 a. 
 
 Columbia, seven counties, Y. 116. 
 
 Columbia, city of Pennsylvania, Y. 117. 
 
 Columbia, capital of South Carolina, Y. 117. 
 Burning of the city, 2 a: see further, 237, 2 a. 
 
 Columbia, town of Tennessee, Y. 118. 
 
 Columbia, village of Missouri, Y. 118. 
 
 Columbia , county seats, I. 79, 2 a; III. 83,1 a; 
 577,1 b; XI. 168,2 c; 293,2 c; XYI. 99,2 a. 
 
 Columbia, British : see British Columbia. 
 
 Columbia, District of: see District of Co¬ 
 lumbia. 
 
 Columbia City , county seat, XVI. 609, 2 be. 
 
 Columbia College, New York, Y. 118 (ill., 
 119). Law school, 119, 2 a. School of mines, 
 2 c. History, 120, 1 c. 
 
 Columbiad , gun, I. 790, 2 a; III. 708, 2 a, 
 709, 2 ab (ill.). 
 
 Columbia market, London, X. 613, 2 c. 
 
 Columbian'a, county, Y. 122. 
 
 Columbiana, county seat, XIY. 841, 2 b. 
 
 Columbian university, Washington, D. C., XYI. 
 481, 2 a. 
 
 Columbia River, X. W. America, Y. 121. 
 
 Columbi'nce (ornithology), XIII* 504, 1 b. 
 
 Columbium, metal, Y. 122. 
 
 Columb-Kille : see Columba. 
 
 217 
 
 Columbo, medicinal root, Y. 122. American 
 columbo, 2 c. 
 
 Columbo, city: see Colombo. 
 
 Columbretes [ko-loom-bra'-tace], group of 
 Spanish islands, Y. 122. 
 
 Columbus, county, Y. 123. 
 
 Columbus, city of Georgia, Y. 123. 
 
 Columbus, city of Mississippi, V. 123. 
 Columbus, town of Kentucky, Y. 123. 
 Columbus, capital of Ohio, Y. 123. 
 
 Columbus, county seats, II. 347, 1 c; IY. 378, 
 
 1 a; Y. 106, 2 a; XIII. 679, 1 b. 
 
 Columbus, Christopher, discoverer of America, 
 
 V. 125. Residence in Porto Santo, 2 ab. 
 His theory of a western route to India, 2 b. 
 Encouraged by Toscanelli the cosmographer, 
 126, 1 a; his map, 1 b. Application for 
 aid to Genoa and to Portugal, 1 be; to Spain, 
 
 2 ab. Terms of contract with Ferdinand and 
 Isabella, 127, 2 a. His first voyage, 128,1 a. 
 Land descried, 2 b. Reception in Spain, 129, 
 1 ab. Discovery of the Windward islands, 
 &c., 1 b. Third voyage, 1 c. Carried to 
 Spain in chains, ib. See Bobadilla. Last 
 days and death, 2 b. His remains, 2 c; 
 XIY. 624, 2 a. First printed biographical 
 sketch of him, VII. 827, 1 a. Claims to a 
 prior discovery of America : see Behaim, 
 Madoo, Northmen, and Zeno, Nicold and 
 Antonio.—His descendants, Y. 130, 1 a. 
 Bartolommeo, his elder brother, 1 be. 
 
 Columella, of a univalve shell, Y. 201, 1 b; in 
 the organ of hearing in reptiles, Y. 179,1 ab. 
 Columella, Lucius Junius Moderatus, Roman 
 agricultural writer, Y. 130. 
 
 Column, Doric, I. 656, 1 b; Ionic, 657, 1 c; 
 Corinthian, 2 c. 
 
 Columna lactaria: see Foundling Hospital, 
 VII. 346, 2 ab. 
 
 Column of July, in Paris, XIII. 81, 2 a. 
 
 Column Vendome, in Paris, XIII. 81, 2 a. De¬ 
 struction of, Y. 166, 1 be; 427,1 ab, b ; XIY. 
 103, 1 ab. Reconstruction of, ib. ; XIII. 93, 
 1 be. 
 
 Colure', equinoctial: see Equator, YI. 699,1 c. 
 Colu'sa, county, Y. 130. 
 
 Colusa, county seat, Y. 130, 2 c. 
 
 Colwell, Stephen, American merchant and 
 author, Y. 130. On political economy, XIII. 
 678, 1 a. 
 
 Colza Oil : see Rape, a plant. 
 
 Colymbus (ornithology), YI. 152,1 b. C. gla- 
 cialis, 1 c (ill.). C. arcticus, 153, 1 a. C. 
 septentrionalis, 1 b (ill., 152). 
 
218 
 
 COMA 
 
 COMMON" 
 
 Coma, Y. 131; I. 453,1 a. Coma vigil, Y. 131, 
 
 1 c. Coma somnolentum, 2 a. 
 
 Coma, cometic haze of light, Y. 140, 2 ab. 
 Co'ma Berenices, constellation, II. 552, 2 a. 
 Comacchio [ko-mak'-kyo], town of Italy, Y. 131. 
 
 Fish culture at, VII. 217, 1 c, 2 a; 228, 1 c. 
 Comal', county, Y. 131. 
 
 Coma'na, ancient city of Cappadocia, Y. 131; 
 III. 116,1 a. Of Pontus, Y. 131, 2 c. Priests 
 and kings of: see Archelaus, I. 647, 2 ab. 
 Coman'che, two counties, Y. 131. 
 
 Comanche , county seat, V. 132, 1 a. 
 Comanciies, Indian tribe, Y. 132 (ill.). Staked 
 Plain Comanches, 2 b. 
 
 Comatu'la , crinoid, referred to, XY. 320, 2 c. 
 Comayagua [ko-ma-ya'-gwa], department of 
 Honduras, Y. 132. Capital of Honduras, 
 133, 1 a (view). 
 
 Comb, Y. 133. Ancient combs, 1 c. Materials, 
 
 2 b, c. Tortoise-shell combs, how made, 2 b. 
 Combaco'num, city of British India, Y. 133. 
 
 Great gopura, or gate pyramid, 134,1 be (ill.). 
 Combalot, Theodore, abb6 [ko ng -ba-lo], French 
 author, Y. 134. 
 
 Combe, George, Scottish phrenologist, A 7 . 134. 
 Abraham, socialist, 2 c. Andrew, physician, 
 135, 1 a. 
 
 Combermere, Stapleton Cotton, viscount [koam'- 
 ber-mere], British soldier, V. 135. Storming 
 of Bhurtpoor, II. 606, 1 b. 
 
 Combes, Edmond [ko ng b], French traveller, Y. 
 135. 
 
 Combinations, Theory of, in mathematics, Y. 
 
 135. Processes, 2 a. Its applications, 2 b. 
 Combining proportion, chemical, YI. 700, 2 c. 
 Combining volumes, in chemistry, IY. 366, 1 be. 
 Combustion, Y. 135. Phlogistic theory, 136, 
 1 ab. Antiphlogistic theory, 1 c. Theory 
 of latent heat, ib. Effect of solar light on 
 combustion, 137, 1 be. 
 
 Combustion, Spontaneous, V. 137. Human 
 spontaneous combustion, 138, 1 c. 
 
 Com'edon, a tubercle, YI. 694, 2 c. 
 
 Comedy : see Drama. 
 
 Comejen [ko-ma- k hain'], insect, IY. 34, 1 b. 
 Comenius, John Amos, Moravian educational 
 reformer, A 7 . 139. 
 
 Comes [ko'-meez]: see Count and Sheriff. 
 Comes palatii , mediaeval judicial officer, XII. 
 
 818, 1 a. C. palatinus, count palatine, ib. 
 Comet, Y. 140. Halley’s comet, 1 c; A 7 III. 
 404, 1 b. Drawings of comets, Y. 140, 2 c. 
 Meteor systems of August and November, 
 141, 1 b. Biela’s comet, 1 a; II. 628, 1 a. 
 
 Encke’s, A 7 . 141, 1 c; A T I. 592, 1 be. Do* 
 nati’s, Y. 140, 1 c: see Donati. 
 
 “ Come to nature ,” in iron manufacture, IX. 
 400, 1 a. 
 
 Comfrey [kum'-fre], plant, Y. 141 (ill.). 
 
 Comines, Philippe de [du.h ko-meen], French 
 statesman and historian, Y. 141. 
 
 Comitan', town of Mexico, Y. 142. 
 
 Comitia, Roman assemblies, Y. 142. 
 
 Comitium, origin of the name, XIY. 419, 1 a. 
 
 Comitlan: see Comitan. 
 
 Commander: see Commandery. 
 
 Commander of the faithful, title first assumed, 
 XII. 626, 2 a. 
 
 Commanderia [kom-man-da-re'-a], vineyard of 
 the, Y. 616, 1 c. 
 
 Commander's islands, I. 274, 2 c. 
 
 Commandery, feudal benefice, Y. 143. Among 
 the knights of Malta, 1 b. 
 
 Commendams (appointments in commendam ), 
 case of the : see Coke, Y. 37, 1 b. 
 
 Commendation, in feudal law, VII. 160, 2 c. 
 
 “ Commercial Advertiser,' 1 '' newspaper of New 
 York, established, I. 138, 2 b ; XYI. 533, 2 b. 
 
 Commercial schools: see Education, YI. 430, 2 b. 
 
 Commissarius, a Roman magistrate, XAH. 229, 
 2 ab. 
 
 Commission, in the Scottish Presbyterian 
 church, XIII. 809, 1 c. 
 
 Commission, the great seal put in: see Chan¬ 
 cellor, IY. 254, 1 c. 
 
 Commissioner 1 s Salt Pan, a pond in Cape 
 Colony, III. 744, 1 a. 
 
 Commission merchant, VII. 54, 1 c. 
 
 Commissures, of the brain, III. 192, 2 b ; in 
 radiates, XII. 234, 1 b. 
 
 Commodianus, Latin Christian poet, X. 199,1 b. 
 
 Commodore, naval officer, Y. 143. 
 
 Com'modus Antoni'nus, Lucius Aurelius, Ro¬ 
 man emperor, Y. 143. 
 
 Common, Rights of, Y. 143. Common of pis¬ 
 cary, 2 b; of pasturage, ib. ; appurtenant, 
 2 c; because of vicinage, 144, 2 ab; in 
 gross, 2 b. Right of common in the United 
 States, ib. 
 
 Common biliary duct, X. 538, 1 b. 
 
 Common Carrier, Y. 144. His obligations, 
 145, 1 a; liabilities, 1 b. Character of de¬ 
 livery to be made by him, 2 b. Common 
 carriers of persons, 146, 1 a. See XYI. 451, 
 1 b, and Forwarding Merchant. 
 
 Commoners, at Oxford university, XII. 764,1 b. 
 
 Common Law, Y. 146. Development of it, 
 147, 1 b. Collections of Saxon laws, 148, 
 
COMMON 
 
 COMPITALIA 
 
 219 
 
 l ab. Extent of the change in laws made 
 by the Normans, 2a; in regard to real es¬ 
 tate, ib .; jurisdiction of ecclesiastical courts 
 increased, 2 c; foreign canon law introduced, 
 149, 1 c. Constitutions of Clarendon, 2 a. 
 Settlement of the canon law in England, 2 b. 
 Primogeniture, 2 c. Influence of the civil 
 law on personal property and contracts, 150, 
 1 b. Growth of the common law, 1 c. 
 Jurisdiction of courts of admiralty, 151, 
 
 1 a. Modern English commercial law, 1 be. 
 Principles which distinguish common law 
 from other systems, 1 c. Mode in which it 
 has been promulgated, 152, 2 be. 
 
 Common laic 'procedure act , XIII. 608, 1 c. 
 
 Common Prayer, Book of, Y. 152. Revision 
 of the existing service books ordered by 
 Henry VIII., 158, 1 c. First service book 
 of Edward VI., sources of, 2 a. Adoration 
 of the sacrament abolished in it, X. 35, 1 c 
 (Knox). Opposed by the more radical re¬ 
 formers, V. 153, 2 c. Hampton Court con¬ 
 ference, 154, 2 a. Savoy conference, 2 be. 
 Prayer book in Scotland, 155, 1 ab; in Ire¬ 
 land, 1 c; in America before the war of 
 independence, 2 b. Translated into Italian, 
 II. 447, 2 a; into Irish, 2 b. American 
 Book of Common Prayer, V. 156, 1 c. 
 
 Common recovery , form of legal proceeding, 
 VI. 737, 2 b. 
 
 Common Schools, V. 156. In ancient states, 
 157, 1 a. In Roman Catholic countries, 1 b. 
 In Protestant German states, 1 c. In Scot¬ 
 land, 2 be. In the United States, 2 c. 
 
 Commons, House of: see Parliament. 
 
 Commune de Paris [kum-mun diih pa-re], rev¬ 
 olutionary committee of 1789, V. 160; IX. 
 500, 1 ab. Revolutionary government of 
 1871, V. 160, 2 c. Resistance to the na¬ 
 tional government begun, 161, 2 ab. Force 
 resolved upon by the government, 162, 1 b. 
 Fraternization of the government troops 
 with the communists, 2 b. The communists 
 masters of Paris, 163, 1 a. Their triumph 
 at the municipal elections, 2 c. They move 
 upon Versailles, 164, 2 b. Offensive opera¬ 
 tions begun by government, 165, 2 b ; 166, 
 
 2 a. Condition of Paris under Cluseret, 
 166, 1 a. Incendiarism, 169, 1 a. Final 
 struggle, 2 a. 
 
 Communes, privileges of in the middle ages: 
 see Serf, XIV. 775, 1 be. 
 
 Communion , church, II. 292, 1 c; X. 639, 
 
 2 ab. 
 
 Communion service: see Lord’s Supper, X. 
 638, 1 a. 
 
 Communism : see Socialism, and Blanc, Jean 
 Joseph Louis. 
 
 Communities, war of the, I. 132, 1 a. 
 Comne'nus, Byzantine family, V. 170; I. 244, 
 2 c. See Alexis I., emperor of Trebizond ; 
 Alexis I., of Constantinople; Isaac I., By¬ 
 zantine emperor ; Isaac II.; Andronicus 
 (I., Comnenus); Manuel (I., Comnenus); 
 Anna Comnena; and Byzantine Empire, 
 III. 516, 2 a, ab. 
 
 Como, province of Italy, V. 170. Capital city, 
 2 d ; view, 171. Lake of, 1 a. 
 
 Co'monfort, Ygnacio, Mexican statesman, V. 
 171. Provisional president, 172, 1 a; con¬ 
 stitutional, 1 b. Expelled, 1 c. Murdered, ib. 
 Com'orin, Cape: see Cape Comorin. 
 
 Comorn', county of Hungary, V. 172. Capital, 
 2 a. Fortress of, ib. 
 
 Com'oro Isles, Mozambique channel, V. 172. 
 Company, of infantry, X. 269, 1 b; 270, 2 a; 
 272, 1 c; 273, 1 a. 
 
 Company of the Indies, French, X. 217, 2 b. 
 Company of the Mississippi , French, X. 677, 2 c. 
 Company of royal adventurers of England 
 trading to Africa, VIII. 88, 1 c. 
 Comparative Anatomy, V. 172, and I. 460, 
 
 1 be. Skeleton, V. 173, 1 a. Form, 175, 
 
 2 b. Nervous system, 176, 2 b. Organs of 
 special sense, 177, 2 ab; touch, 2 b; taste, 
 
 178, 1 b ; smell, 2 ab ; hearing, 2 c; sight, 
 
 179, 1 c. Organs of alimentation and diges¬ 
 tion, 180, 1 ah. External covering, 183, 1 c. 
 History, 185, 1 b. Supposed founder of the 
 science, II. 510, 1 c (Belon). 
 
 Comparative grammar: see Language, X. 146, 
 2 b ; 149, 2 b. 
 
 Comparative zoology, museum of at Harvard, 
 VIII. 499, 1 ab. 
 
 Compass, mariner’s, V. 186 (ill.). For land 
 surveying, 187, 1 be. Variation in ships, 
 
 188, 1 a. 
 
 Compass, Solar, V. 188 (ill.). 
 
 Compass courses , in navigation, XII. 180, 2 b. 
 Compass plant, XV. 46, 2 a. 
 
 Compensation bar: see Colby, Thomas, V. 42, 
 2 c; Coast Survey, IV. 758, 1 c. 
 Compensation pendulums, IV. 697, 2 a. 
 CoMPikGNE [ko n? -pyain], town of France, V. 
 
 189. Palace, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Compignano, countess of [kom-pe-nya'-no], 
 (Elisa Bonaparte Bacciochi), III. 25, 2 c. 
 Compitalia, Roman festival, V. 189. 
 
220 
 
 COMPLETE 
 
 CONCORD 
 
 Complete protection system, in iron-clad ships, 
 
 IX. 386, 1 b. 
 
 Complexion, Y. 189. Color of the negro, 
 2 c, ff. Changes of color in whites, 190, 
 1 a; in negroes, 2 b. Pigment cells, 191, 
 
 1 b. Influence of light and heat, 192, 1 a. 
 Blumenbach’s division of mankind, 193, 2 a; 
 Pickering’s, 2 b. Albinos, 2 c. Influence 
 of race, 194, 1 ab. Conclusions, 1 c. 
 
 Compline [kom'-plin], in the Catholic breviary, 
 Y. 194. 
 
 COMPLUTENSIAN POLYGLOT I See BlBLE, II. 610, 
 
 2 c ; Polyglot, XIII. 687, 1 c. Referred to, 
 
 I. 259, 2 b; XYI. 758, 1 c. 
 
 Complutum , ancient town, I. 259, 2 b (Alcala 
 de Henakes) ; II. 610, 2 c. 
 
 Composing and distributing machines: see 
 Printing, XIII. 848, 2 be. 
 
 Composing stick , in printing, XIII. 847, 2 c. 
 Composite Oeder [kom-poz'-it], in architec¬ 
 ture, Y. 194; I. 659, 2 b (ill., 656). 
 Composition , in printing, XIII. 846, 2 c ; 847, 
 2 c. 
 
 Compositor: see Printing, XIII. 846, 2 c. 
 Compound Blowpipe : see Blowpipe. 
 Compressibility, of matter, Y. 194. 
 Compromise (Clay’s), on slavery, II. 543, 1 b; 
 
 IY. 655, 2 a. On the tariff, IY. 654, 2 a. 
 Compromise system: see Town, XY. 828, 1 ab. 
 Compton, county of Canada, Y. 195. 
 
 Compton , county seat, Y. 195, 1 b. 
 
 Compton, Henry, English prelate, Y. 195. 
 Comptonia asplenifolia (botany), II. 407, 1 c. 
 Com'purgators, in Saxon law, Y. 195; IX. 
 
 721, 2 be, 722, 2 a. 
 
 Comstock:, John Lee, M. D. [kum'-stok], Amer¬ 
 ican author, Y. 195. 
 
 Comstock lode or ledge , YIII. 91, 2 b; XII. 
 265, 2 b; XY. 56, 2 c. 
 
 Comtat-Yenaissin [ko ng -ta-vffh-na-sa ng ], terri¬ 
 tory of France, Y. 195. 
 
 Comte, Auguste [ko ng t], French philosopher, 
 Y. 195. His scheme of thought, 196, 1 c. 
 See Philosophy, XIII. 444, 1 c. 
 
 Comus, in mythology, Y. 197. 
 
 Comus, M. [kuh-mus], his automaton group, 
 
 II. 155, 1 c. 
 
 Comynes: see Comines. 
 
 Conajee Angria, Mahratta chieftain, YII. 792, 
 1 c. 
 
 Co'nant, Roger: see Salem, XIY. 562, 2 c. 
 Conant, Thomas Jefferson, American Biblical 
 scholar and author, Y. 197. Hannah Chap¬ 
 lin, author, 1 c. 
 
 Conca d' Oro, site of Palermo, XII. 819, 2 c. 
 Con'can, North and South, maritime tract of 
 British India, Y. 197. 
 
 Concealment , in insurance, IX. 317, 1 ab. 
 Concelebra're (Lat., to celebrate together): see 
 Mass, XI. 244, 1 c. 
 
 Concentaina [kone-thain-tl'-na], town of 
 Spain, Y. 197. 
 
 Concentrators , dry , in metallurgy, XI. 422, 1 c. 
 Conception [Sp. kone-thaip-the-oan'], prov¬ 
 ince of Chili, V. 198. Capital, 1 a. 
 Conceptas [kone-thaip'-tass], school of, in Span¬ 
 ish literature, XY. 221, 2 c. 
 
 Conception: see Obstetrics, XII. 568, 2 c. 
 Concertina [kon-ser-te'-na], reed instrument, 
 XIY. 242, 2 ab. 
 
 Conch [konk], shell, Y. 198. Use of in place 
 of dinner bells, 1 c. 
 
 Concha, Jos6 de la [kone'-cha], marquis of 
 Havana, Spanish soldier and statesman, Y. 
 198. Manuel de la, marquis of Douro, 2 b. 
 Conchas, river: see Conchos. 
 
 Conchifeea [kon-kiff-e-ra], bivalve mollusks, 
 Y. 198 (ills., 199). 
 
 Con'cho, county, Y. 199. 
 
 Conchoderma auri'ta [kon-ko-der'-ma], crusta¬ 
 cean (ill.), IY. 612, 1 b. 
 
 Conchology [kon-kol'-o-je], Y. 199. Com¬ 
 position and growth of shells, 200, 1 a; 
 forms, 2 a; textures, 2 b; colors, 201, 1 a. 
 Univalves, 1 b (ills.). Bivalves, 2 ab (ill.). 
 Fossils, 202, 2 c. Number of species, 203, 
 
 1 b. Uses, ib. Prices of rare shells, 1 c. 
 CoNcnos [kone'-choce], river of Mexico, Y. 203. 
 Concilium regis , and concilium secretum , of 
 
 English kings: see Star Chamber, XY. 319, 
 
 2 b; XIII. 114, 1 a. 
 
 Concilium Tridentinum: see Trent, Council of. 
 Concini, Concino de’ [kon-che'-ne]: see An- 
 cre, Marshal d’. 
 
 Con'clave, for the election of a pope, Y. 203. 
 
 Ceremonial observed in it, 204, 1 c. 
 Conclusion , in logic, X. 579, 1 a. 
 
 Concomitance , in theology, X. 638, 2 be. 
 Concord [kong'-kurd], capital of New Hamp¬ 
 shire, Y. 205. State house, 1 c (ill.). 
 Concord, town of Massachusetts, Y. 206. Bat¬ 
 tle of, 2 a. Settlement of: see Bulkley* 
 Peter. 
 
 Concord., county seat, III. 522, 2 c. 
 
 Con'cord, ancient symbols of, Y. 208, 1 c. 
 Concord , temple of at Agrigentum, I. 208, 
 1 a (ill.). 
 
 “ Concord, Book of. X. 731, 1 c. 
 
CONCORDANCE 
 
 CONFARREATION 
 
 221 
 
 Concordance, V. 207. Concordances of the 
 Bible, 1 a. Concordance to Shakespeare, 
 2 c; IV. 641, 2 ab; XIV. 821, 1 b. 
 
 Concordantia Discordantium Canonum, re¬ 
 ferred to, V. 753, 1 a. 
 
 Concor'dat, ecclesiastical treaty of the pope 
 with princes and governments, V. 207. See 
 Canon Law, III. 719, 2 c. Between Calix- 
 tus II. and the emperor Henry V., X. 183, 
 2 b; between Leo X. and Francis I., VII. 
 578, 1 c; between Napoleon I. and Pins 
 VII., 2 b; between Pius VII. and Louis 
 XVIII., 2 be; between Pius IX. and Aus¬ 
 tria, II. 148, 1 a, 151, 1 a, 152, 1 a. 
 
 Concorde, Place de la [plas du.Ii la ko ng -kord], 
 in Paris, XIII. 80, 1 b. 
 
 Concordia, parish of Louisiana, V. 208. 
 
 Concordia, a divinity, V. 208 (ill.). 
 
 Concordia , county seat, IV. 709, 1 b. 
 
 Concordia Formula, Lutheran symbolical 
 book, V. 208. 
 
 Concorrezenses , mediaeval sect, IV. 116, 1 b 
 (Catiiarists) ; I. 243, 2 b (Albanenses). 
 
 Con'crete, hardening composition for struc¬ 
 tures, V. 208. Materials, 2 c. Coignet’s 
 process, 209, 1 b. Construction of the mole 
 of Algiers, 2 b. Foundations of the East 
 river bridge, 210, 1 c. Ransome’s artificial 
 stone, 2 ab. Other artificial stones, 211, 
 
 1 b. 
 
 Concu binage, V. 211. Among the ancients, 
 
 2 b; in Rome, 2 c; in the church, 212, 
 1 be; in Germany, 1 c; in France, 2 a; in 
 China, 2 b; in Japan, 2 c. 
 
 Condamine, Charles Marie de la [la ko ng -da- 
 meen], French geographer, V. 212. 
 
 Conda'te , ancient town, XIV. 271, 1 be. 
 
 Conde [ko ng -da], two towns of France, V. 213. 
 Conde-sur-l’Escaut [-sur-les-ko], 1 b. Conde- 
 sur-Noireau [-siir-nwa-ro], 1 be. 
 
 CoNDfi, name of a younger branch of the 
 Bourbon family, V. 213. Louis I. de Bour¬ 
 bon, prince de, 1 c. Henri I. de Bourbon, 
 prince de, 2 a. Henri II. de Bourbon, prince 
 de, 2 be. Louis II. de Bourbon (the great 
 Conde), 214, 1 a. Henri Jules de Bour¬ 
 bon, prince de, 215, 1 a. Louis III. de 
 Bourbon, duke de Bourbon-Cond6, 1 ab. 
 Louis Henri de Bourbon, duke de Bourbon 
 and Enghien: see Bourbon, Louis Henri. 
 Louis Joseph de Bourbon, prince de Conde, 
 1 be. Louis Henri Joseph de Bourbon, duke 
 de Bourbon and last prince de Cond6 : see 
 Bourbon, Louis Henri Joseph. Louise Ade¬ 
 
 laide de Bourbon, 215, 2 a. House of Con¬ 
 fix referred to, III. 157, 1 b. 
 
 Conde, Jose Antonio [kone'-tAa], Spanish ori¬ 
 entalist and historian, V. 215. 
 
 Conde , princess de (niece of Richelieu and wife 
 of the great Cond6), place of her imprison- 
 ment, IV. 334, 2 c. 
 
 Condenser , in a steam engine, XV. 341, 2 c. 
 For sulphuric acid, 459, 2 a. 
 
 Condenser, achromatic , in a microscope, XI. 
 519, 1 b. Bull’s-eye condenser, 2 b. 
 
 Condensers , electric, VI. 509, 2 a (ill.); XI. 17, 
 1 a. 
 
 Condensing glasses , in a telescope, XV. 622, 2 b. 
 
 Conder, Josiah, English publisher and author, 
 V. 215. 
 
 Condillac, Etienne Bonnot de [ko ug -de-yak], 
 French philosopher, V. 216. See Moral 
 Philosophy, XI. 812, 2 a; Philosophy, 
 XIII. 441, 2 a, 444, 1 a. His power of rea¬ 
 soning in sleep, VI. 254, 2 c. 
 
 Conditional baptism, II. 291, 1 a. 
 
 Condivicnum , ancient town: see Nantes. 
 
 Condom [ko ng -do ng ], town of France, V. 216. 
 Bishop of: see Bossuet, III. 115, 1 a. 
 
 Condor, bird, V. 217 (ill.). 
 
 Condorcet, Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas Cari- 
 tat, marquis de [ko ng -dor-sa], French savant 
 and author, V. 218. See Moral Philoso¬ 
 phy, XI. 812, 2 b. His power of reasoning 
 in sleep, VI. 254, 2 c. Marie Louise Sophie 
 de, author, V. 219, 1 c. 
 
 Condottieri [kon-dot-te-a'-re], mediaeval lead¬ 
 ers of mercenaries, V. 219. 
 
 Conductors and non-conductors: see Elec¬ 
 tricity, VI. 501, 1 be; Galvanism, VII. 
 596, 1 c; Heat, VIII. 572, 1 c. 
 
 Conducts , chaplains, VI. 763, 1 c. 
 
 Condulmero , Gabriele [kon-dool-ma'-ro], (Pope 
 Eugenius IV.), VI. 773, 2 a. 
 
 Condylu'ra (zoology), XI. 705, 1 be; 706, 
 1 ab. C. cristata, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Condy's liquid, tooth wash, XI. 104, 1 a. 
 
 Cone, in geometry, V. 219. 
 
 Cone, Spencer Houghton, American clergy¬ 
 man, V. 220. 
 
 Conecuh [ko-ne'-ka], county, V. 220. 
 
 Conejos [ko-ne'-hoce; Sp. ko-na/- k hoce], coun¬ 
 ty, V. 220. 
 
 Cone Shells, V. 221 (ills.). 
 
 Conesto'gas, tribe of Indians, V. 221. 
 
 Conewaxgo Creek [kon-e-wang'-go], V. 221. 
 
 Coney Island, New York, V. 221. 
 
 Confarreation, Roman marriage, V. 221. 
 
222 
 
 CONFECTIONERY 
 
 CONGREGATIONALISM 
 
 Confectionery, colored , adulteration of, I. 133, 
 2 a. 
 
 Confection of dog rose, XIV. 437, 2 ab. 
 Confederacy of Delos, VIII. 190, 2 c. 
 Confederalists, party in the United Evangeli¬ 
 cal church, XVI. 117, 1 ab. 
 
 Confederate States of America, V. 221. 
 Secession of South Carolina, 222, 1 a, if.; 
 declarations of reasons, 1 b, 223, 1 a. Se¬ 
 cession of other states, 2 be. A. H. Ste¬ 
 phens’s address against the secession of 
 Georgia, 224, 1 b. Efforts for conciliation, 
 
 225, 2 a. Break-up of Buchanan’s cabinet 
 on the question of relieving Fort Sumter, 
 
 226, 2 a. Lincoln’s inauguration, 227, 1 a. 
 Constitution of the Confederate States, 1 c. 
 Their government organized, 228, 1 a. Vice 
 President Stephens’s address on its princi¬ 
 ples, 1 b. Position of the border states, 
 2 a ; of the free states, 2 b. Importance of 
 Fort Sumter, 229, 1 ab; its surrender, 2 a. 
 President Lincoln’s call for troops, 2 be. 
 Secession of Virginia, &c., 230, 1 c. Con¬ 
 federate preparations for war, 2 c; federal, 
 231,1 b. Comparative view of the sections, 
 2 a. End of the struggle, 232, 1 be. Main 
 events of the war, 1 c. Bibliography, 2 c. 
 
 Confederate steamers, construction of in France 
 forbidden, II. 583, 1 a; allowed in Great 
 Britain, X. 494, 1 a. 
 
 Confederation of Bar, II. 294, 2 a; IV. 112, 
 1 a; XIII. 647, 2 a. 
 
 Confederation of Kilkenny, IX. 358, 1 be. 
 Confederation of the Rhine: see Rhenish 
 Confederation. 
 
 Confederation of the United States, period of 
 the, XVI. 160, 2 a. 
 
 Conference, Methodist, XI. 451, 2 a ; 452, 2 b; 
 455, 1 b, 2 c, ff. 
 
 Conference island, in the Bidassoa, II. 624, 2 c. 
 Confer'vce (botany), VII. 248, 2 a. 
 
 Confervas: see Alg^e. 
 
 Confessio Amantis, Gower’s, VIII. 134, 1 a, 
 ab; VI. 633, 1 be. 
 
 Confessio Bohemica, referred to, II. 787, 1 b. 
 Confession, Auricular, V. 233. 
 
 Confession and avoidance, in law, XIII. 607, 2 b. 
 Confession of the four cities, III. 377, 1 ab. 
 Confessor, title of, in distinction from martyr, 
 XI. 214, 2 a. 
 
 Confetti, used in the carnival, IV. 10, 1 be. 
 Confirmation, ecclesiastical rite, V. 233. Con- 
 firmatio confessionis, 234, 1 a. 
 
 Confiscation, origin of the word, VII. 216,1 a. 
 
 Conflagration, V. 234. Destruction of Nine- 
 veh and Babylon, 1 b; of other ancient 
 cities, 2 a; of Jerusalem, 2 c; of Carthage, 
 &c., 235, 1 a. First general conflagration 
 of Rome, 1 b. Conflagrations in Constanti¬ 
 nople, 2 a; London, 2 be; Copenhagen, 236, 
 1 c; Moscow, ib. ; Hamburg, 2 c; Paris, 237, 
 1 a; China and Japan, 1 ab; New York, 
 
 1 b; San Francisco, 1 c; Columbia, S. C., 
 
 2 a; Charleston, 2 b; Portland, Me., ib.; 
 Chicago, 1 c; Boston, 238, 1 ab. 
 
 Confluences, ancient town: see Coblentz. 
 Confraternities of charity: see Paul, Vincent 
 de, XIII. 175, 2 c. 
 
 Confraternity, secular, VIII. 304, 2 a; re¬ 
 ligious, 308, 1 a. 
 
 Confucius, Chinese philosopher, V. 238 (ill.). 
 Character of his teachings, 239, 1 be. Works 
 of, IV. 471, 1 a, c. 
 
 Congaree', river of South Carolina, V. 239. 
 Conger eel [kong'-gher], VI. 447, 1 b (ill.); so 
 called, II. 710, 2 be. 
 
 Conger occidentalis (ichthyology), VI. 447, 1 e 
 (ill.). C. vulgaris, 2 a. 
 
 Congestion, V. 239. Stage of, in inflamma 
 tion, IX. 275, 2 ab. 
 
 Congestive chill, VII. 165, 1 c. 
 
 Congiaria: see Lottery, X. 647, 1 a. 
 Congleton, town of England, V. 240. 
 Congleton, Henry Brooke Parnell, lord, Eng’ 
 lish statesman and author, V. 240. 
 Conglomerate, rock, V. 240; III. 240, 2 c. 
 Congo, country of Africa, V. 240. Natives, 
 
 241, 1 be (ill.). Classes of society, 241, 2 a. 
 Congo, river, V. 241. See Lualaba (Index). 
 Congo Snake, V. 242 (ill.). 
 
 Congregatio de Propaganda Fide: see Propa¬ 
 ganda. 
 
 Congregation, as distinguished from church, V. 
 
 242, 2 c. 
 
 Congregation, of the Holy Office, IX. 296, 1 a 
 and b. Of the Index, IX. 199, 2 c. Of the 
 Most Holy Redeemer: see Redemptorists, 
 and XI. 731, 1 c. Of procurators (Jesuit), 
 IX. 627, 2 c. Of St. Maur (Benedictine), II. 
 520, 1 a; XI. 731, 1 b. Of St. Paul the 
 Apostle (Paulists), VIII. 602, 1 be. 
 Congregation, general, of the Jesuits, IX. 627, 
 2 c ; provincial, ib. 
 
 Congregation, lords of the, in the Scottish 
 church, XIII. 810, 1 be. 
 
 Congregationalism, form of church polity, 
 V. 242. Viewed in the common and strict¬ 
 ly denominational sense, 2 ab. Church or- 
 
CONGRESS 
 
 CONSERVATORES 
 
 223 
 
 ganization, 2 b. Internal structure of a 
 Congregational church, 243, 1 b. Church 
 service, 2 be. Qualifications for the minis¬ 
 try, 244, 1 a. Government and mutual fel¬ 
 lowship of churches, 1 b. Doctrines, 2 c. 
 History, 245, 1 c. Character of the minis¬ 
 try, 246, 1 ab. Liberality of Congregation- 
 alists, 1 be. Publications and societies, 1 c. 
 Writers and authorities, 2 c. 
 
 Congress, V. 247. Of the United States, 1 b ; 
 XVI. 140, 2 c. First proposal for a gen¬ 
 eral congress, VIII. 663, 2 c. Stamp act 
 congress, XII. 731, 1 c. “ Old continental,” 
 XVI. 155, 2 ab ; XI. 741, 2 c; first session 
 of, X. 291, 1 c; second session, 292, 1 c. 
 Chaplain of proposed and chosen, I. 109,1 b. 
 Congress of the Spanish republics and of the 
 Spanish cortes, V. 247, 1 b. 
 
 Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle, of 1668, I. 224, 
 
 1 c; of 1818, 2 a. 
 
 Congressional speeches , first reported in short¬ 
 hand, VII. 563, 2 b. 
 
 Congreve, William, English dramatist, V. 247. 
 Congreve, Sir William, engineer, V. 247. 
 
 Coni, province of Italy, V. 247. City, 248,1 a. 
 Conia , alkaloid, V. 249, 2 a. 
 
 Con'ic Sections, V. 248; VII. 701, 1 b. 
 Conim'brica , ancient city, V. 23, 2 c (Coimbra). 
 Co'nington, John, English author, V. 248. 
 Conini [ko-ne'-ne], fern, VII. 110, 1 c. 
 Coniomyce'tes (fungi), VII. 532, 2 a. 
 
 Conitjm, genus of plants, V. 249. C. macula- 
 tum, 1 a (ill.). Medicinal use of, 1 c. 
 Conjugata, in engraved gems, VII. 663, 2 c. 
 Conjugation , in plants, XIII. 574, 1 b. 
 Conjunc'tiva , membrane of the eye, VII. 46,2 c. 
 Conjunctivitis , disease of the eye, XII. 646, 1 b. 
 Connaught, province of Ireland, V. 249. 
 Conneau , Dr. [kuh-no]: see Bonaparte, III. 
 49, 1 b and c. 
 
 Con'neaut, village of Ohio, V. 249. 
 Connecticut [kon-net'-e-kut], state, V. 249. 
 State seal, 250. Population, 1 c. Topog¬ 
 raphy, 251, 1 a. Geology and minerals, 
 
 2 c. Climate, 252, 2 b. Soil and produc¬ 
 tions, 2 c. Manufactures, 253, 2 a. Com¬ 
 merce, 254, 1 b. Railroads, 2 b. Banks, 
 &c., 255, 1 b. Constitution and government, 
 255, 2 b. Finances, 256, 2 c. Public institu¬ 
 tions, 257, 1 be. Education, 258, 2 b. Li¬ 
 braries, newspapers, &c., 260,1 b. Churches, 
 1 c. History, 2 a. 
 
 Connecticut blue laws: see Blue Laws (Index). 
 Connecticut River, V. 261. 
 
 Connecticut Susquehanna company: see Wyo¬ 
 ming Valley. 
 
 Connemara [kon-ne-ma'-ra], district of Ireland, 
 V. 262. 
 
 Conner : see Perch, XIII. 284, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Conner, David, American naval officer, V. 262. 
 
 Connersville , county seat, VII. 102, 1 b. 
 
 Connochetes [kon-no-ke'-teez], (zoology), VIII. 
 
 55, 1 be. 
 
 Conoceph'alus en'siger (entomology), VIII. 170, 
 2 ab. 
 
 Conohasset , river and town, V. 20, 1 c. 
 
 Con'olly , Capt ., English officer murdered in 
 Bokhara, II. 799, 2 c; XVI. 698, 1 b. 
 
 Conolly, John, English physician, V. 262. 
 
 Conon, Athenian general and admiral, V. 262. 
 
 Conop'idce (entomology), VI. 130, 1 b. 
 
 Conquest , marquis of the , title of descendants 
 of Pizarro, XIII. 566, 1 ab. 
 
 Conrad, four kings of Germany, V. 263. 
 
 Conrad , lord of Tyre, II. 25, 2 c. 
 
 Conrad, Karl Immanuel, German painter, V. 
 264. 
 
 Conrad, Robert T., American jurist and au¬ 
 thor, V. 264. 
 
 Con'radin, duke of Swabia, last of the Ilohen- 
 staufen, V. 264; IV. 299, 1 c, 2 a; VIII. 
 297, 1 a. 
 
 Conring, Hermann, German philosopher and 
 author, V. 264. Elisa Sophie, baroness von 
 Reichenbach, poetess, 265, 1 a. 
 
 Consacrifica're (Lat., to sacrifice together), 
 XI. 244, 1 c (Mass). 
 
 Consalvi, Ercole, Roman cardinal, V. 265. 
 His just and humane administration as head 
 of the government, 1 c. 
 
 Consanguinity , modes of estimating the degree 
 of, VI. 39, 1 ab. 
 
 Conscience, Hendrik [ko ng -se-a ns s], Flemish 
 novelist, V. 265. 
 
 Conseil des etats [ko n? -say’ da za-ta], in Switz¬ 
 erland, XV. 528, 1 a. 
 
 Consensus party , in the United Evangelical 
 church, XVI. 117, 1 b. 
 
 Consensus Sandomiriensis, II. 787, 1 ab. 
 
 Consentia , ancient town, V. 390, 2 ab. 
 
 Conservation of force: see Correlation op 
 Forces. 
 
 Conservation and perpetual creation , VI. 37 r 
 2 c (Descartes). 
 
 Conservative, in English politics, XVI. 595, 
 2 c. 
 
 Conservato'res pa'cis, old English law officers, 
 
 IX. 725, 2 b. 
 
224 
 
 CONSERVATORY 
 
 CONSTANTIUS I. 
 
 Conservatory: see Greenhouse, YIII. 231,1 b. 
 First furnished with glass roofs, IX. 5, 2 c. 
 
 Considerant, Yictor [ko ng -se-da-ra ng ], French 
 socialist, Y. 266. 
 
 Consideration: see Contract, Y. 290, 1 b. 
 
 Consignati , consignatio, consignatorium: see 
 Confirmation, Y. 233, 2 c. 
 
 Consistences: see Penance, XIII. 245, 1 a. 
 
 Consistorial advocates , V. 266, 2 a. 
 
 Consistory, Y. 266. In the Roman Catholic 
 church, 1 c. In English law, 2 a. In some 
 of the reformed churches, ib. In the Re¬ 
 formed (Dutch) church in America, XIY. 
 257, 2 c. 
 
 Consociation , in Congregationalism, Y. 244, 
 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 Consolamentum , Catharist rite, IY. 116, 2 a. 
 
 Consolato del mar [kon-so-la'-to], maritime law, 
 II. 304, 2 a; X. 219, 2 a. 
 
 Consolidated annuities: see Consols. 
 
 Consols, British consolidated debt, Y. 266. 
 
 Consonance and dissonance , Helmholtz’s theory 
 of, XII. 85, 1 b. 
 
 Consonantal alphabet , I. 348, 2 ab. 
 
 Conspiracy, in criminal law, V. 266. 
 
 Conspiracy to murder bill, Palmerston's, XIII. 
 26, 1 a. 
 
 Constable, civil officer, Y. 266. Origin of, 
 425, 2 c. 
 
 Constable, Archibald, Scottish publisher, Y. 
 267. 
 
 Constable, John, English painter, Y. 267. 
 
 Constance, city of Baden, Y. 267 (view). 
 Minster, 2 b. Lake of, 2 c ; upper and low¬ 
 er, 268, 1 a. Conference for regulating its 
 navigation (1855), alluded to, III. 244, 1 b. 
 
 Constance, Council of, V. 268. See IIuss, 
 IX. 91, 1 be; Gerson, YII. 777, 1 b; Mar¬ 
 tin Y., XI. 208, 2 b; Monaciiism, 730, 2 ab. 
 
 Constance Faulcon: see Constantin Faulcon. 
 
 Constans , son of the usurper Constantine, XVI. 
 563, 2 ab; 564, 1 b. 
 
 Constans II., emperor of the East, III. 514, 2 c. 
 
 Constans, Flavius Julius, emperor of Rome, 
 Y. 268. 
 
 Constant de Rebecque, Henri Benjamin [ko ng - 
 sta ng duh ruh-bek], French orator and author, 
 Y. 269. 
 
 Constantin, ancient towns, Y. 267, 2 a (Con¬ 
 stance) ; YII. 654, 2 a (Gaza); X. 65, 1 b 
 (Kustendji). 
 
 Constantia Castra: see Coutances. 
 
 Constantin, Abraham [ko ng -sta ng -ta ng ], Swiss 
 paiuter, Y. 269. 
 
 Con'stantin Faulcon, Greek adventurer, Y. 
 269. 
 
 Constantine [Fr. ko ng -sta ng -teen], province of 
 Algeria, Y. 270. Capital city, 1 c (view). 
 
 Con'stantine, name of about thirteen emper¬ 
 ors, Y. 270. 
 
 Constantine I. (the Great), Caius Flavins 
 Aurelius Claudius, emperor of Rome, Y. 270. 
 Ilis political crimes, 271, 1 c. His recogni¬ 
 tion of Christianity, 2 a. Coin of (ill.), 2 b. 
 Military standard of, X. 68, 1 be (ill.). Sup¬ 
 posed to have constructed the walls of Lon¬ 
 don, 618, 2 c. Transfer of the capital from 
 Rome to Byzantium, XIY. 408, 1 c. His 
 division of the empire, 2 a. See Civil Law, 
 IV. 622, 1 c. 
 
 Constantine , arch of, XIY. 412, 2 c (ill.). Char¬ 
 acter of its sculptures, 720, 2 c. 
 
 Constantine II., emperor of Rome, Y. 271. 
 
 Constantine IV. (Pogonatus), emperor of the 
 East, Y. 272; III. 515, 1 a. 
 
 Constantine Y. (Copronymus), emperor of the 
 East, Y. 272; III. 515, 1 be. 
 
 Constantine VI., emperor of the East, Y. 272. 
 
 Constantine YII. (Porphyrogenitus), emperor 
 of the East, Y. 272. New edition of the 
 Basilica undertaken by him, IV. 625, 1 ab. 
 
 Constantine XIII. (Palasologus), last emperor 
 of the East, Y. 273. 
 
 Constantine , Roman usurper, XYI. 563, 2 ab; 
 564, 1 b, be. 
 
 Constantine (Sylvanus ), founder of the Pauli- 
 cians, XIII. 177, 2 b. 
 
 Constantine Nikolayevitch, grand duke of 
 Russia, Y. 273. 
 
 Constantine Pavlovitch, grand duke of Rus¬ 
 sia, V. 273. 
 
 Constantinople, capital of Turkey, Y. 274 
 (view). Streets, &c., 1 c. Bazaars, 275, 1 a 
 (ill.). Seraglio, 1 c (ill.). St. Sophia (mosque 
 of Agia Sofia), 276, 1 a (ill., 275). Ruins of 
 the aqueduct of Valens (ill.), 1 be. Cisterna 
 basilica, 2 b (ill.). Schools, ib. Suburbs, 2 c. 
 History, 277, 2 b. Made the capital of the 
 Roman empire, 271, 2 b. Conflagrations in, 
 235, 2 a; 274, 2 c. Burning of the public 
 library, II. 364, 1 c; of the library of St. So¬ 
 phia, X. 350, 2 a. Sieges by the Saracens, X. 
 350,1 b; Bulgarians, 2 be ; crusaders, Y. 530, 
 1 b; Turks, II. 227, 2 a, and XI. 695, 2 b. 
 
 Constantinople, Councils of, Y. 277. 
 
 Constantinople nuts , YIII. 555, 1 b. 
 
 Constantius I. (Chlorus), Roman emperor, Y. 
 278. Constantius II., 2 c ; enforces religious 
 
CONSTANT 
 
 CONVENTION 
 
 225 
 
 creeds and uniformity of faith, 279, 1 b. 
 Constantins, Roman general, 279, 1 c. 
 Constant Koliades, nom de plume, X. 283, 2 b. 
 Constellations, V. 279. 
 
 Constituent Assembly : see Constitutional 
 Convention. 
 
 Constitution , written, the first in history, V. 
 
 2G0, 2 b. See VIII. 547, 2 c. 
 
 Constitution , frigate, IX. 39, 2 be. Cruises of, 
 XV. 383, 1 b. See Pkeble, Edward. 
 Constitution ( Constitutum ) of Pope Vigilius , 
 V. 278, 1 be. 
 
 Constitution of the third of September , VII. 
 
 386, 2 b; of the year three, 389, 2 c. 
 Constitutional Convention, V. 279. Of the 
 United States, 2 c. Corresponding bodies 
 in France: assemble constituante, 280, 1 c; 
 nationale, ib. ; legislative, 2 c. 
 
 Constitutional liberty , progress of in England: 
 
 see Ekskine, VI. 720, 1 a, ff. 
 
 Constitutio'nes ApostoV icce , III. 717, 2 c. 
 Constitutions , American , John Adams’s defence 
 of, I. 90, 1 a. 
 
 Constitutions of Clarendon , V. 149, 2 a; IV. 
 
 635, 1 be; II. 441, 1 b; VIII. 642, 2 c. 
 Constitution- Union party , in the United States, 
 X. 491, 2 b. 
 
 Constrictor isthmi faucium (anatomy), XII. 
 817, 2 be. 
 
 Constrictors (anatomy), superior, middle, and 
 inferior, XIII. 382, 2 c. 
 
 Consubstantiation , in the Lutheran church, X. 
 732, 1 c. 
 
 Consul, V. 281. Executive officer of ancient 
 Rome, 1 ab; of the French republic, 1 c. 
 Commercial agent, 2 ab. Authority of, X. 
 225, 1 b; privileges of, 226, 1 ab. 
 
 Consulates fasti , VII. 93, 2 c. 
 
 Consultum , body of Catholic theologians, IX. 
 199, 2 c. 
 
 Consumo, Portuguese wine, XIII. 745, 1 b. 
 Consumption, disease, V. 282. Acute, 2 ab; 
 chronic, 2 c. Process of development, 283, 
 1 c. Galloping consumption, 284, 1 ab. 
 Diagnosis, 1 b. Causes, 1 c. Possibility of 
 recovery, 285, 1 b. Remedies, 1 c. 
 
 Contact theory , in galvanism, VII. 593, 2 c. 
 Contagion, V. 286. 
 
 Contaeini [kon-ta-re'-ne], Venetian family, V. 
 286. Andrea, doge, 2 a. Ambrogio, am¬ 
 bassador, 2 ab. Giovanni, painter, 2 b. 
 Contempt, in law, V. 286. In legislative bod¬ 
 ies, 287, 1 c. 
 
 Conti, Princes de [ko ng -te], French family, V. 
 15 
 
 287. Frangois de Bourbon, 1 c. Louise 
 Marguerite de Lorraine, princess de, 2 a. 
 Armand de Bourbon, 2 b. Louis Armand 
 de Bourbon, 2 be. Frangois Louis de Bour¬ 
 bon, 2 c. Louis Frangois de Bourbon, 288, 
 1 a. Louis Frangois Joseph de Bourbon, ib. 
 House of Conti referred to, III. 157, 1 b. 
 Conti , Giovanni [kon'-te], (Pope John XI.), 
 IX. 647, 1 b. 
 
 Conti , Giovanni Lotario (Pope Innocent III.), 
 IX. 288, 1 a. 
 
 Conti, Ottaviano (Pope John XII.), IX. 647,1 b. 
 Continental congress , proposed in Boston, I. 
 
 109, l.a. See Congress (Index). 
 Continental System, Napoleon’s, V. 288. 
 Continuances , in courts of law, XIV. 231, 2 be. 
 Continuous gum , in dentistry, VI. 24, 1 be. 
 Conto'pus vi'rens (ornithology), XIII. 376, 2 a 
 
 (ill.).. 
 
 Contourne [kon-toor'-na], in heraldry, VIII. 
 673, 1 b. 
 
 Contraband, V. 288. Contraband of war, 
 1 a; X. 228, 2 b. See Neutrality, XII. 
 261, 1 a. 
 
 Contrabands , slaves so called, III. 490, 1 a. 
 Contra Costa, county, V. 289. 
 
 Contra Costa hills , California, III. 600, 1 b. 
 Contract, in law, V. 289. Essential rules^, 
 290, 1 b; competency of the parties, 1 c; 
 consideration, 2 b; lawfulness, 291, 1 a; 
 lex loci and fori , 1 b. Remedies, 1 c. See 
 Frauds, Statute of, and Usury. —Contract 
 of hiring, X. 557, 1 c. Contract made on 
 Sunday, 636, 2 b, ff. Contract of marriage, 
 XT. 189, 1 a, ff. 
 
 Contractility: see Physiology, XIII. 485, 2 a. 
 Contra-Remonstrants, Calvinist party in Hol¬ 
 land, I. 728, 1 c; XII. 248, 1 b-c; XIV. 
 255, 1 a. 
 
 ContraYERVA[ kon-tra-ySr'-va], medicinal root, 
 V. 291. 
 
 Contreras [kone-tra'-rass], village of Mexico, 
 V. 291. Battle of: see Churubusco. 
 Conu’rus (ornithology), X. 770, 2 c. C. Caro- 
 linensis, XIII. 125, 2 c (ill., 126). 
 
 Conus : see Cone Shells. 
 
 Convalla'ria maja'lis (botany), X. 473, 2 a (ill.). 
 Convent : see Monastery, XI. 734, 1 c. 
 Convent of corlc, near Cintra, IV. 602, 1 a. 
 Conventicle, V. 291. 
 
 Convention, in diplomacy, V. 291. In French 
 history, 2 c; VII. 388, 1 a. In the United 
 States, V. 292, 1 ab. In the polity of the 
 Congregational church, 244, 1 c. 
 
226 
 
 CONVENTUALS 
 
 COPAIFERA 
 
 Conventuals , division of the Franciscans, VII. 
 
 426, 1 a. Dress of, 427, 1 b. 
 
 Conversano [kon-vair-sa'-no], town of Italy, 
 V. 292. 
 
 Converter , for Bessemer steel, XV. 359, 2 ab, 
 fi*. (ills., 359, 360). 
 
 Conveyance, in law, V. 292; XIV. 559, 1 c. 
 Convicts, transportation of, XIV, 7, 2b; 13, 
 2 ab. 
 
 Convocation, in the English church, V. 292. 
 Convol'vultts, genus of plants, V. 293. C. 
 Japonicus, 1 b (ill.). C. scammonia, 1 c; 
 XIV. 662, 1 b (ill.). C. Mauritanicus, V. 
 293, 1 c. C. batatas, ib. ; XIII. 767, 2 a. 
 Conway, county of Arkansas, V. 293. 
 Conway, town of New Hampshire, V. 293. 
 Conway, town of Wales, V. 293. Castle and 
 bridge, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Conway, Moncure Daniel, American author, 
 V. 294. 
 
 Conway, Thomas, American revolutionary 
 soldier, V. 294. Conway’s cabal, 2 a; al¬ 
 luded to, I. 287, 2 b; VII. 645, 1 a. 
 Conwayborough, county seat, VIII. 824, 2 b. 
 Conwy : see Conway, Wales. 
 
 Cony : see Rabbit. 
 
 Conybeare, John [ko'-ne-beer], English prel¬ 
 ate, V. 294. John Josias, divine and anti¬ 
 quary, 2 be. William Daniel, divine and 
 geologist, 2 c. William John, clergyman 
 and author, 295, 1 ab. Henry, civil en¬ 
 gineer, 1 b. 
 
 Con'yers, county seat, XIV. 367, 1 c. 
 
 Cook, two counties, V. 295. 
 
 Cook, Charles, English clergyman, V. 295. 
 Cook, Eliza, English authoress, V. 295. 
 
 Cook, James, English navigator, V. 296; I. 
 242, 2 be (Alaska). 
 
 Cooke, George Frederick, actor, V. 297. 
 Cooke, George Wingrove, lawyer, V. 297. 
 Cooke, John Rodgers, American jurist, V. 297. 
 Philip Pendleton, poet, 2 a. John Esten, 
 author, 2 c. 
 
 Cookery, V. 298. Egyptian, 1 b; Greek, 1 c; 
 Roman, 2 b, c; modern European, 299, 2 b; 
 French, 300, 1 b. Processes in cookery, 2 b. 
 National dishes, 2 c. Cook books, ib. 
 Cookery book, the earliest, I. 584, 1 b. 
 
 Cooking , effect of, I. 317, 1 b; V. 300, 2 b. 
 Cookman, George G., American clergyman, 
 V. 301. 
 
 Cook’s Islands, Pacific ocean, V. 301. 
 
 Cook’s Strait, New Zealand, V. 301. 
 Cookstown, town of Ireland, V. 301. 
 
 Cooler , in sugar making, XV. 446, 1 b, 2 ab. 
 
 Cooley, Thomas McIntyre, American jurist, 
 V. 301. 
 
 Cooling, Newton’s law of, VIII. 570, 2 b. 
 
 Cool tankards, drink, III. 88, 2 a. 
 
 Cooly, eastern laborer, V. 301. Origin and 
 meaning of the name, 2 c; IX. 215, 1 c. 
 Traffic in coolies, and laws for their protec¬ 
 tion, V. 302, 1 a, ff. Importation from In¬ 
 dia, 1 a; from China, 303, 1 c. American 
 law against the traffic, 304, 1 c. Coolies in 
 Cuba, 2 ab; in Peru, 305, 1 ab. Statistics 
 of the cooly traffic, 2 c. See Cuba, V. 547, 
 1 be; Peru, XIII. 339, 1 c, ff.; Macao, X. 
 766,1 be. Employment of South sea island¬ 
 ers on plantations, V. 306, 1 be. 
 
 Coomassie : see Koomassie. 
 
 Coon: see Raccoon, XIV. 161, 2 b. Coon 
 hunting, ib. 
 
 Cooper, county, V. 306. 
 
 Cooper, county seat, V. 786, 2 c. 
 
 Cooper, Anthony Ashley : see Shaftesbury. 
 
 Cooper, Sir Astley, English surgeon, V. 306. 
 
 Cooper, James Fenimore, American novelist, 
 V. 307; XVI. 195, 2 c. Susan Fenimore, 
 writer, V. 309, 1 b. 
 
 Cooper, Peter, American philanthropist, V„ 
 309. Cooper Institute, 2 c. 
 
 Cooper, Samuel, American clergyman, V. 310. 
 
 Cooper, Thomas, American scholar and politi¬ 
 cian, V. 310. 
 
 Cooper, Thomas, English chartist, V. 310. 
 
 Cooper, Thomas Sidney, English painter, V. 31 0. 
 
 Cooperation, XV. 139, 2 a; 142, 2 a. 
 
 Cooperationists , a class of Alabama secession¬ 
 ists, I. 233, 1 a. 
 
 Cooperative Associations : see Socialism, 
 XV. 142, 2 a. 
 
 Cooper River, South Carolina, V. 311. 
 
 Cooperstown, village of New York, V. 311. 
 
 Coordinates, in analytical geometry, Descartes’s 
 method, I. 456, 1 a. Coordinate planes, 1 b. 
 
 Coorg, district of Ilindostan, V. 311. Inhabi¬ 
 tants, IX. 215, 2 c. 
 
 Coornhert [korn'-hert]: see Cornhert. 
 
 Coos [ko-os'J, two counties, V. 311. 
 
 Coosa, county, V. 311. 
 
 Coosa, river, V. 311. 
 
 Coot, bird, V. 312 (ill.) ; VI. 291,1 a. Butter- 
 bill coot, 1 c. 
 
 Cop, fish : see CnuB. 
 
 Copaiba [ko-pe'-ba]: see Balsams, II. 250,1 a. 
 
 Copaifera officina'lis [ko-pa-if'-e-ra], (botany), 
 II. 250, 1 a (ill.); III. 223, 2 a. 
 
COP ATS 
 
 COPYRIGHT 
 
 227 
 
 Copa'is, lake of Bceotia, Y. 312; II. 774, 2 a 
 and b. 
 
 Co'pal, Y. 312 (ill.). Yarnisli from, 313, 1 c. 
 
 Copan', town and ruined city of Honduras, 
 Y. 313 (ill.). Remains of, I. 398, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Copar'cenary, species of estate, YI. 739, 1 a. 
 
 Coparceners , in law, XIII. 137, 1 b. 
 
 Coparceny , in English common law, YI. 39,1 c. 
 
 Copartnership : see Partnership. 
 
 Cope, Charles West, English painter, Y. 313. 
 
 Cope, Edward Drinker, American naturalist, 
 Y. 314. Yiews on evolution, YII. 12, 1 a. 
 
 Cope, Sir John , English general, IY. 312, 1 b. 
 
 Cope of a moulding flash, IV. 76, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Copenhagen, capital of Denmark, Y. 314. 
 Exchange (ill.), 2 c. Thorwaldsen’s mu¬ 
 seum, 315, 1 c (ill., 314). History, 316, 1 a. 
 Bombardment by the English, 1 b. Confla¬ 
 grations in, 236, 1 c. 
 
 Copenhagen Fields, London, X. 613, 1 c. 
 
 Copernicia cerifera (botany), XIII. 21, 1 a. 
 
 Coper'nicus, Nikolaus, astronomer, V. 316. 
 His explanation of the planetary motions, 
 1 c :• see Astronomy, II. 44, 2 c. Supposed 
 indebtedness to Capella, III. 749, 1 c. 
 
 Copi'ah, county, Y. 316. 
 
 Copiapo [ko-pe-a-po'], city of Chili, Y. 316. 
 
 Copland, James, English physician, Y. 317. 
 
 Copleston, Edward, English bishop and 
 writer, Y. 317. 
 
 Copley, John Singleton, American painter, Y. 
 317. 
 
 Copper, Y. 317. Use of by ancient and primi¬ 
 tive races, 2 b. Its qualities, 318, 1 c. 
 Compounds with oxygen, 2 b. Uses of its 
 salts in the arts, 2 c. Sources of copper, 
 319, lb: see Copper Mines. Its uses, 2 c. 
 Alloys, 320, 1 a. Medicinal use of sulphate 
 of copper, 1 b.—Occurrence of copper in 
 quartz veins, VIII. 77, 1 c, XI. 579, 1 a; 
 in fissure veins, XI. 580, 1 b. Alloys of 
 copper with gold, YI. 24, 2 a, ff., VIII. 73, 
 1 b; with silver, XY. 47, 2 c, 48, 1 a, c, 2 a; 
 with zinc, III. 213, 1 ab; with zinc and tin, 
 ib., XYI. 817, 1 b. Use of copper in the 
 extraction of gold, VIII. 85, 2 b; of silver, 
 XY. 50, 2 c, 51, 1 b, 52, 1 c, 2 c, 53, lb; 
 in assaying, II. 29, 1 a; for money: see 
 Coins, and Money ; for sheathing of ships, 
 XIY. 860, 2 a. Plating of with tin, XY. 
 764, 1 b. 
 
 Copper, argentiferous gray, Y. 319, 2 b; XY. 
 50, 1 c. 
 
 Copper , sulphate of, Y. 318, 2 c; XY. 454, 1 a. 
 
 Use of in medicine, Y. 320,1 b; in coloring 
 pickles, XIII. 499, 1 c. 
 
 Copperas, V. 320 ; IX. 366, 1 b ; XY. 454, 1 be. 
 Copper glance, Y. 319, 2 a. 
 
 Copperhead, snake, V. 320 (ill.). 
 
 Coppering, in faro, YII. 89, 2 b. 
 
 Coppermine River, British America, Y. 321. 
 Copper Mines, Y. 321. In Sweden and Nor¬ 
 way, 2 a; Germany, 2 b; Italy, 322, 1 a; 
 Spain, 2 a; England, 2 ab; United States, 
 323, 1 c, IX. 428, 2 c; Canada and New¬ 
 foundland, Y. 324, 2 a; Cuba, 2 b; South 
 America, ib .; Australia, 2 c; Asia and Afri¬ 
 ca, 325, 1 b. Total production, 1 c. 
 Copperplate: see Engraving, YI. 649, 1 b; 
 651, 1 be. Copperplate printing of calico, 
 III. 595, 2 c. 
 
 Copper powder, for bronzing, III. 315, 2 b. 
 Coppers, class of butterflies, III. 500, 1 c. 
 Copper silver glance, XY. 50, 1 ab. 
 
 Copper Smelting, Y. 325. Treatment of ores, 
 2 a; Napier’s method, 2 c; Longmaid’s, 
 326, 1 c; Monnier’s, 2 ab; Hunt and Doug¬ 
 las’s, 2 b. Smelting works, 327, 1 a. 
 
 Coppet [kup-pa], Swiss village, Y. 327. 
 
 Coppra, dried meat of cocoanut, XIY. 592,1 a. 
 Copp's hill, in Boston, III. 116, 1 b. 
 
 Copri'ni (fungi), rapid growth of, YII. 530,1 a. 
 Cop'rolites, fossil excrements, Y. 327 ; X. 
 479, 1 a. 
 
 Copron'ymus, surname of Constantine V., Y. 
 272, 1 c. 
 
 Coproph’ agi (entomology), XIY. 663, 2 be. 
 Coptic Christians, XI. 648, 1 be. 
 
 Coptic Language, Y. 327. 
 
 Coptic liturgies: see Copts, Y. 333, 1 b. 
 Coptic manuscripts, key to the written char¬ 
 acters discovered, I. 226, 1 c. 
 
 Coptic version of the Scriptures: see Mem- 
 phitic (Index). 
 
 Coptis, goldthread, Y. 330. C. trifolia, 1 b. 
 Copts, Y. 330 (ill.). Religion, 2 a. Convents, 
 331,. 1 c. Baptism, 2 b. Circumcision, ib. 
 Churches, 2 c; subterranean, 332, 1 a. Com¬ 
 munion, 1 c. Fasts, ib. Festivals, 2 a. 
 Copts in Jerusalem, 2 b. Creed, ib. Ver¬ 
 sions of the Scriptures, 333, 1 a.. Liturgies, 
 
 1 be. Marriage ceremonies, 2 b. Number, 
 
 2 c. History, 334, 1 a. 
 
 Copyhold: see Estate, YI. 738, 1 ab. 
 Copyright, Y. 335. In the United States, 1 c, 
 
 337,1 c. Rights of a foreign author in Great 
 Britain, 335, 2 c; in the United States, 336, 
 1 c. International copyright in Great Brit- 
 
228 
 
 COQE 
 
 COBIXXA 
 
 ain, 2 b; in the United States, 2 be. Copy¬ 
 right on the European continent, 2 c. Copy¬ 
 right laws in England, 337, 1 a. 
 
 Coqe, bird, YII. 110, 2 b. 
 
 Coquerel, Athanase Laurent Charles [kuh- 
 kr&l], French clergyman, Y. 337. Charles 
 Augustin, author, 338,1 b. Athanase Josu6, 
 preacher, 1 c. 
 
 Coquilla Nuts, Y. 338 (ill.) ; XIII. 21, 2 c. 
 
 Coqitimbo [ko-keem'-bo], province of Chili, Y. 
 338. Capital city, 339, 1 a. 
 
 Coquina rock [ko-ke'-na], XIY. 525, 1 b. 
 
 Cora'cia grac'ula (ornithology), IY. 521 (ill.). 
 
 Cor'al, Y. 339. Coral animals, 1 c. Star 
 coral (astrsea), 2 be (ill.), 340, 2 c. Fungia 
 echinata, 1 a (ill.). Branching coral, 1 b 
 (ill.). Brain coral (meandrina), 2 c (ill.). 
 Yarious forms, ib. Coral reefs, by what 
 species produced, 341,1 c. Darwin’s theory 
 of their formation, 2 ab. Prof. Dana’s 
 “ Coral and Coral Islands,” 1 c, 2 b. Coral 
 of jewelry (precious coral), 342, 1 c. 
 
 “ Coral ,” eggs of the lobster, X. 562, 1 b. 
 
 Coralberry, XY. 136, 2 a. 
 
 Corallet: see Coral, Y. 339, 2 b. 
 
 Coralline crag , in geology, XIII. 613, 2 c. 
 
 Corallines , sea weeds, II. 79,1 a. 
 
 Coral'lum: see Coral, Y. 339, 2 ab. Coral- 
 lum rubrum, 342, 1 c. 
 
 Coral snake , XII. 423, 2 b. 
 
 Co'ram, Thomas, English philanthropist, Y. 
 
 342. 
 
 Corario , Angelo [ko-ra'-re-o], (Pope Gregory 
 XII.), YIII. 245, 1 a. 
 
 Corasmians, ancient tribe, IX. 818, 2 b. 
 
 Corato [ko-ra'-to], town of Italy, Y. 342. 
 
 Corax'ici Mon'tes , in Circassia, IY. 603, 1 be. 
 
 Coray', Adamantios, Greek author, Y. 342. 
 
 Cor'ban, Hebrew word, Y. 342. 
 
 Corbaux, Fanny [kor-bo'], English artist and 
 Biblical scholar, Y. 343. 
 
 Corbeil [kor-bay’J, town of France, Y. 343. 
 
 Corbeils [kor'-bels], baskets of earth for 
 breastworks, II. 365, 1 c. 
 
 Corbet, Bichard, English poet and divine, Y. 
 
 343. 
 
 Corbould, Henry [kor'-bold], English artist, 
 V. 343. Edward Henry, painter, 2 a. 
 
 Corchorus [kor'-ko-rus], (botany), IX. 729,1 b. 
 C. capsularis, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Corcoran , Michael , Irish - American soldier 
 (1827- 63, brig, gen.), YII. 124, 2 c; 125,1 be. 
 
 Corcy'ra : see Corfu. 
 
 Cordage: see Bore, XIY. 423, 1 c. 
 
 Cordara, Giulio Cesare [kor-da'-ra], Italian 
 Jesuit, Y. 343. 
 
 Corday d’Armans, Mariane Charlotte de [kor- 
 da dar-ma ng ], French heroine, Y. 343. 
 
 Cordeliers [kor-de-leers'; Fr. kor-duh-lya], 
 Franciscan friars, Y. 344. French revolu¬ 
 tionary club, 2 a. 
 
 Cordier , Jules [kor-de-a], pseudonyme, XYI. 
 279, 2 b. 
 
 Cordil'lera [Sp. kor-de-lya'-ra], mountain 
 chain, V. 344. On the isthmus of Panama, 
 2 c. Geological structure, 345, 2 a; 347,1 ab. 
 In Central America, 345, 2 b; minerals, 2 c. 
 In Mexico, 346, 1 a; volcanoes, 1 c. 
 
 Cordouan [kor-dwa ng ], lighthouse of, X. 458, 2 b. 
 
 Cor'doya, province of Spain, Y. 347. Capital 
 city, 2 a. Prison of the inquisition (ill.), 
 2 b. Great mosque, 2 c (ill., 348), and I. 
 14, 2 b. History, Y. 348, 1 b. 
 
 Cordova, province of the Argentine Bepublic, 
 Y. 348. Capital, 2 ab. 
 
 Cordova, city of Mexico, Y. 348. 
 
 Cordova, Fernando Fernandez de, Spanish 
 general, V. 349. 
 
 Cordova, Francisco Fernandez de, navigator, 
 Y. 349. 
 
 Cordova, Gonsalvo de: see Gonsalyo de Cor¬ 
 dova. 
 
 Cordovan , leather, X. 271, 1 ab. 
 
 Corduba , ancient town, Y. 348,1 b (Cordova). 
 
 Cordyceps Eobertsii , fungus, YII. 528, 2 b. 
 C. Sinensis, used as medicine, 531, 1 ab. 
 
 Core'a, kingdom of Asia, Y. 349. Coreans, 
 2 c (ill.). Government, 350,1 b. History, 2 b. 
 
 Coreg'onus albus (ichthyology), XYI. 605, 1 b. 
 C. Willughbii, or albula, 287, 2 c. 
 
 Corentyn [ko-ren-tine'J, river of South Ameri¬ 
 ca, Y. 351. 
 
 Co’reus (entomology), YIII. 629, 2 a. C. tris- 
 tis, ib. ; XY. 294, 1 ab (ill.). 
 
 Corjitz-Uhlfeld , count [kor'-fits-ool'-feld], Da¬ 
 nish conspirator, IY. 528, 1 c. 
 
 Corfu [kor-foo'J, nomarchy of Greece, Y. 351. 
 Island, 1 b. Capital city, 2 c (view). 
 
 Coriallum , ancient town : see Cherbourg. 
 
 Corian'der, plant, Y. 352 (ill.). Fruits or 
 seeds, 1 c. 
 
 Corian'drum sati’vum (botany), Y. 352, 1 ab. 
 
 Corigliano [ko-re-lya'-no], town of Italy, Y. 
 352. 
 
 Corin'ium, Boman station, IY. 612, 1 a (Ci¬ 
 rencester). 
 
 Corinna , Greek poetess, XIII. 521, 2 b. 
 
 Corinna , species of gazelle, YII. 655, 1 c. 
 
CORINTH 
 
 CORNWALLIS 
 
 229 
 
 CorTnth, ancient city of Greece, V. 352. 
 Modern Corinth, 353, 2 a (view). History, 
 ib. Destruction of by Mummius, 354, 1 be; 
 235, 1 b; XII. 38, 1 a. 
 
 Corinth, village of Mississippi, V. 354. Siege 
 and battle of, 2 b. 
 
 Corinth , a former name of Syracuse, N. Y., 
 XV. 544, 2 a. 
 
 Corinth, Gulf of: see Lepanto. 
 
 Corinthia: see Corinth, Y. 352, 2 ab. 
 
 Corinthian brass , III. 213, 2 b. 
 
 Corinthian capital , I. 657, 2 c. Suggestion of, 
 54, 2 a, c (Acanthus). 
 
 Corinthian order , in architecture, I. 657, 2 c 
 (ill., 656); among the Romans, 659, 1 b. 
 
 Corin'tiiians, Epistles to the,V. 854. Apocry¬ 
 phal epistle, 355, 1 c. 
 
 Corinths: see Raisin, XIY. 190, 1 a. 
 
 Cori'num , Roman camp, IV. 612, 1 a. 
 
 Coriola'nus, Roman senator, Y. 355. 
 
 Corisandre [ko-re-za ng dr’J, fan, YII. 79, 2 a. 
 
 Co'rium , the true skin, XY. 78, 2 c ; X. 273,1 c. 
 
 Cork, bark, Y. 356. Cork oak, 1 a (ill.). Cut¬ 
 ting the bark, 1 b (ill.). Uses, 2 a. 
 
 Cork, county of Ireland, Y. 356. City and 
 port, 2 c. St. Patrick’s bridge (ill.), 357. 
 
 Cork, first earl of, III. 173, 1 b. Fifth earl of, 
 174, 1 c. 
 
 Corky layer , of plants, XIII. 579, 2 c. 
 
 Corleone [kor-la-o'-na], town of Sicily, Y. 357. 
 
 Corm, solid bulb, in botany, XIII. 577, 2 c. 
 
 Cormac's chapel, Ireland, IX. 355, 1 c. 
 
 Cormenin, Louis Marie de la Haie, viscount 
 de [korm-na ng ], French politician, Y. 358. 
 
 Cormontaigne, Louis de [kor-m6 Dg -tainy'], 
 French military engineer, Y. 358. 
 
 Cormorant, bird, Y. 358. Common, 2 c (ill.); 
 double-crested, 359, 1 be (ill.) ; Florida, 2 a. 
 A name of the darter, 692, 2 b. 
 
 Cormorant care, in Staffa, XY. 301, 1 a. 
 
 Corn, tumor, Y. 359. Remedies, 2 c. Of the 
 horse, XYI. 335, 2 c. 
 
 Corn, Indian: see Maize. 
 
 Cornaro [kor-na'-ro], Yenetian family, Y. 359. 
 Caterina, queen of Cyprus, 2 c. Luigi, ad¬ 
 vocate of temperance, 360, 1 a. 
 
 Cornbury, Edward Hyde, lord, governor of 
 New York, Y. 360. 
 
 Corn cockle, plant, X. 741, 2 c. 
 
 Corn crake, bird, Y. 455, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Cor'nea, membrane of the eye, Y. 360. 
 
 Corneille, Pierre [kor-nail'; Fr. kor-nay’], 
 French dramatist, Y. 360. Thomas, drama¬ 
 tist, 361, 2 c. 
 
 Cornelia [kor-ne'-lya], Roman matron, Y. 361. 
 Daughter of P. C. Scipio and wife of Pompey, 
 362, 1 b. 
 
 Cornelians , slaves freed by Sulla, XY. 93, 1 c. 
 
 Cornelis, Cornelius [kor-na'-lis], Dutch artist, 
 Y. 362. 
 
 Cornelius, of Philadelphia, solar lamps made 
 by, X. 129, 2 c. 
 
 Cornelius, Elias, American clergyman,Y. 362. 
 
 Cornelius, Peter von [kor-na'-le-oos], German 
 painter, Y. 362. 
 
 Cornelius Nepos: see Nepos. 
 
 Cornell' University, Y. 363 (ill., 364). Build¬ 
 ings, 2 be. Organization, 364, 1 a. Plan of 
 instruction, 2 c. Collections and apparatus, 
 365, 2 c. Endowment, 366,1 be. History, 2 a. 
 
 Corner, in stock dealing, XY. 388, 2 a. 
 
 Cornet, in assaying, II. 28, 1 b. 
 
 Cornet-a-Pistons [Fr. kor-na-ta-pees-to ng ], 
 wind instrument, Y. 367. Cornet, out of 
 use, 1 be. 
 
 Corn flag, plant: see Gladiolus. 
 
 Corn'hert, Diederik, Dutch author, Y. 367. 
 
 Corniani, Giovanni Battista, count [kor-nya'- 
 ne], Italian author, Y. 367. 
 
 Cornice [kor'-nis], in*architecture, I. 657, 1 a; 
 658, 1 a, ab. 
 
 Cor'nine, a principle in dogwood, YI. 185, 1 a. 
 
 Corning, village of New York, Y. 367. 
 
 Cornish daw, bird, IV. 521, 1 be. 
 
 Cornish engine, XV. 342, 2 a. 
 
 Corn Laws, English, Y. 367. See Cobden. 
 Roman, for relief of the poor, XIII. 180,1 c. 
 
 Corn mildew (ill.), YII. 532, 2 a. 
 
 Corn mint, plant, XI. 615, 2 c. 
 
 Corn moth: see Wheat Moth. 
 
 Corn rose, variety of poppy, XIII. 714, 2 be. 
 
 Corn salad, XYI. 245, 2 c. 
 
 Corn smut, XI. 45, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Corn Snake, Y. 368 (ill.). 
 
 Corn starch, XI. 44, 2 b; XY. 319, 1 c. 
 
 Cornu, Sebastien Melchior, French painter, 
 Y. 368. 
 
 Cornucopia, Y. 369. 
 
 Cornus (botany), VI. 184, 1 c. C. alternifolia, 
 ib. (ill.). C. florida, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Cornwall, county of England, Y. 369. 
 
 Cornwall, village of Connecticut, Y. 369. 
 Town of New York, 2 c. Cornwall Land¬ 
 ing, ib. * 
 
 Cornwall, Barry : see Procter, Bryan Waller. 
 
 Cornwallis, Charles, earl, British general, Y. 
 370. His campaign in Virginia, X. 97, 1 ab; 
 303, 1 a. See Yorktown. 
 
230 
 
 CORO 
 
 CORTONA 
 
 Coro, state of Venezuela, V. 370. Santa Afla 
 de, capital, 2 ab. 
 
 Coroco'ro , Bolivia, mines of, III. 12, 2 c. 
 
 Coroi/la, in botany, V. 370; XIII. 585, 1 ab, 
 c ; 586, 2 a. 
 
 Coroman'del, Coast of, V. 370; IX. 201, 2 a. 
 
 Coro'na: see Crown. In architecture, I. 657, 
 1 a; 658, 1 b. In meteorology, VIII. 405, 
 1 c (coronse). Solar, XV. 474, 2 ab, ff. 
 
 Cor'onach, a lamentation at funerals, V. 371. 
 
 Coronado, Francisco Vasquez de [ko-ro-na'- 
 tho], Spanish explorer, V. 371. 
 
 Coronado de Perry, Carolina, Spanish poet 
 and novelist, V. 371. 
 
 Corona , in meteorology, VIII. 405, 1 c. 
 
 Coronation Mil , in Presburg, XIII. 809, 1 a. 
 
 Corone'a , battle of, I. 186, 2 b. 
 
 Coronella getula , snake, IV. 225, 2 b (ill.) . 
 
 Coroner, civil officer, V. 371. 
 
 Coronet, V. 371. Varieties of, 372, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Coronet , in heraldry, VIII. 674, 1 ab. 
 
 Coronium , ancient town, V. 387,2 c (Corunna). 
 
 Coronula diadema , cirriped (ill.), IV. 612, 1 b. 
 
 Coroza [ko-ro'-tha], cap, IX. 295, 1 b. 
 
 Corporal, military title, V. 372. 
 
 Corporate, in the eucharist, V. 372. 
 
 Corporal oath: see Corporale. 
 
 Corpora Malpighiana , in anatomy, IX. 826, 2 c. 
 
 Corporation, in law, V. 372. Liability of, X. 
 485, 1 c, 2 c. Ecclesiastical corporations: 
 see Mortmain. 
 
 Corpulence, V. 373. Dietetic cure of, 2 c, ff.; 
 II. 288, 2 c. 
 
 Corpus callosum, of the brain, III. 188, 1 b; 
 190, 2 ab; 191,2 a; 192, 2 be; XII. 235,1 be. 
 
 Corpus Christi, festival, V. 374; X. 638, 2 b. 
 
 Corpus Christi, village of Texas, V. 374. 
 
 Corpuscles , of the blood, II. 729, 2 b ; in inflam¬ 
 mation, IX. 275, 1 c, 2 a, 277, 1 a. Pus 
 corpuscles, 276, 1 c, 2 b. Plastic (pyoid), 2 a. 
 
 Corpuscular theory of light, X. 435, 1 b. 
 
 Corpus Juris : see Civil Law. 
 
 Corpus Reformatorum, III. 256, 1 c. 
 
 Corradi [kor-ra'-de], painter : see Ghirlandaio. 
 
 Correa de Serra, Jose Francisco [kor-ra'-a 
 da ser'-ra], Portuguese naturalist, V. 374. 
 
 Correction, houses of, XIV. 12, 1 c. 
 
 Correction lines, in surveying, XV. 492, 1 b. 
 
 Correction of toe Press, V. 375. Distin¬ 
 guished proof-readers, 2 c. 
 
 Correggio, Antonio Allegri da [kor-red'-jo], 
 Italian painter, V. 376. 
 
 Correlation of Forces, and Conservation of 
 Force, V. 377. Erroneous views, 1 b. In¬ 
 
 timations of the doctrine in early writers, 
 2 be. Experiments on the nature of heat, 
 378, 1 a. General recognition of the doc¬ 
 trine, 379, 1 a. Potential and actual ener¬ 
 gy, 2 b. As seen in the organic and inor¬ 
 ganic world, 2 c. Delation between food 
 and work, 380, 1 c. Influence of the law of 
 conservation on science, 381, 2 ab. Inves¬ 
 tigations by Americans, 378, 1 a, 381, 2 be. 
 
 Correze [kor-raiz], department of France, V. 
 381. 
 
 Corrie, Daniel, bishop of Madras, V. 382. 
 
 Corrientes [kore-re-ain'-tace], province of the 
 Argentine Eepublic, V. 382. Capital, 1 c. 
 
 Corrosive action, protection of copper from, 
 V. 720, 1 c; of iron, VII. 587, 1 c. 
 
 Corrosive Sublimate, V. 382. Antiseptic 
 properties, 2 c. 
 
 Corry, city of Pennsylvania, V. 383. 
 
 Corset, article of dress, V. 383. 
 
 Corsica, island and department of France, V. 
 383. History, 384,1 c. 
 
 Corsican!a, county seat, XII. 180, 1 a. 
 
 Corsican fairy , a dwarf, VI. 335, 2 c. 
 
 Corsican f urnace, II. 741, 2 c. 
 
 Corsini, Lorenzo [kor-se'-ne], (Pope Clement 
 XII.), IV. 663, 1 c. 
 
 Corsned, a form of ordeal, XII. 674, 2 be. 
 
 Corso of Rome, IV. 10,1 a; XIV. 414,1 be (ill.), 
 
 Cort, Cornells, Dutch artist, V. 384. 
 
 Cort, Henry, English inventor, V. 384. 
 
 Cortallum, ancient town: see Cherbourg. 
 
 Corte [kor'-ta], town of Corsica, V. 384. 
 
 Cortereal, Gaspar [kor-ta-ra-al'], Portuguese 
 navigator, V. 385. Miguel, 1 ab. See I. 
 668, 2 c. 
 
 Cor'tes [Sp. kore'-tace], Spanish parliament, 
 XV. 208, 1 a; Portuguese, XIII. 739, 1 b. 
 
 Cor'tes (Sp. Cortes , kore-tace'), port of Hon¬ 
 duras, V. 385. 
 
 Cortes (Sp. Cortes ), Hernan or Hernando, 
 conqueror of Mexico, V. 385. Comment of 
 Las Casas on his cruelty to Indian miners, 
 2 ab. Expedition to Mexico, 2 b. Ingrati¬ 
 tude of Charles V., 386, 2 be. 
 
 Cortesi, Jacopo [kor-ta'-ze]: see Borgognone. 
 
 Cortetz : see Kortetz. 
 
 Corti, arch of, in the ear, XV. 185, 1 c. Organ 
 of, 1 b, 2 ab. Rods or pillars of, 1 c; 186, 2 a. 
 
 Cortical substance, of the brain, III. 186, 1 c. 
 
 Cortitz : see Kortetz. 
 
 Cortland [kort'-land], county, V. 386. 
 
 Cortland Village, county seat, V. 387, 1 a. 
 
 Cobto'na, city of Italy, V. 387 (ill.). 
 
CORTONA 
 
 COSTE 
 
 231 
 
 Cortona, Pietro Berrettini da, Italian painter, 
 V. 387. 
 
 Cortori'acum , ancient town: see Courtrai. 
 
 Coruna [ko-roo'-nya]: see Corunna. 
 
 Corundum, mineral species, V. 387. 
 
 Corunna, province of Spain, V. 387. Capital 
 city, 2 c; view, 388. 
 
 Corunna , county seat, XIV. 853, 1 c. 
 
 Corutania } mediaeval territory, XVI. 663, 1 b. 
 
 Corvallis , county seat, II. 542, 2 a. 
 
 Corvaria , Pietro da (Nicholas V., anti-pope), 
 IX. 647, 2 b. 
 
 Corvette ', war vessel, XII. 188, 2 b. 
 
 Corvey: see Korvei. 
 
 Corvinus, Matthias : see Matthias Corvinus. 
 
 Corvin-Wiersbitzki, Otto Julius Bernhard 
 [kor-veen'-veerce-bits'-ke], German revolu¬ 
 tionist, Y. 388. 
 
 Corvisart-Desmarets, Jean Nicolas [kor-ve- 
 zar-da-ma-ra], French physician, V. 388. 
 
 Corvus (ornithology), V. 519, 1 a; XIV. 218, 
 1 be. C. Americanus, V. 519, 1 b (ill.). C. 
 corax, XIV. 218, 2 c (ill., 219), and other 
 species. C. cornix, V. 520, 2 c (ill., 521), 
 &c. C. frugilegus, XIV. 422, 1 b (ill.). C. 
 monedula, IX. 481, 2 c (ill., 482). 
 
 Corwich , kind of crab, XV. 267, 1 a. 
 
 Corwin, Thomas, American statesman, V. 388. 
 
 Cory , Giles , pressed to death for refusing to 
 plead on his trial, XIII. 227, 2 c. 
 
 Co'ryat, Thomas, English traveller, Y. 389. 
 
 Coryban'tes, priests of Cybele, Y. 389. 
 
 Corycian cave , Greece, XIII. 122, 1 c. 
 
 Cor'ydon, county seats, VIII. 481, 1 c; XYI. 
 520, 1 c. 
 
 Co'ryell, county, Y. 389. 
 
 Cor'ylus (botany), VIII. 554, 1 a (ills.). C. 
 Americana, 2 a. C. Avellana, 2 b. C. co- 
 lurna, 555, 1 ab. 
 
 Cor'ymb , in botany, XIII. 584, 2 b. 
 
 Cory'pha (botany), XIII. 20, 2 c. C. umbra- 
 culifera, ib. 
 
 Coryphee'na (zoology), YI. 193, 2 be. C. do- 
 rade, 194, 1 a (ill.). C. equisetis, ib. C. 
 hippurus, 193, 2 c. Power of changing 
 color, 194, 1 b, be; IY. 243, 1 be. 
 
 Coryph^'us, leader of Greek chorus, Y. 389 ; 
 IV. 518, 1 c. 
 
 Coryphin'ece (botany), XIII. 20, 2 c. 
 
 Cory thee'olus (zoology), II. 365, 1 a. 
 
 Corytha'ix (ornithology), XIII. 595, 2 b. 
 
 Cory'za , inflammation of the mucous mem¬ 
 brane of the nostrils, III. 310, 1 a. 
 
 Cos, island of Turkey, Y. 390. 
 
 Coscinium (botany), II. 549, 2 a. C. fenestra- 
 tum, Y. 122, 2 c. 
 
 Coscinodiscus , diatom, YI. 85,1 b. C. lineatus, 
 ib. C. oculus iridis, ib. 
 
 Cosecant: see Trigonometry, XY. 866, 1 a. 
 
 Cosel, town : see Kosel. 
 
 Cosel, Countess of, Y. 390. Florins de Cosel, 
 coins, 1 c. 
 
 Cosenza [ko-zen'-dza], province of Italy, Y. 
 390. Capital city, 2 ab. 
 
 Coshocton [ko-shok'-tun], county, Y. 390. 
 
 Coshocton, county seat, Y. 390, 2 c. 
 
 Cosimo [ko-ze'-mo]: see Medici, XI. 343, 2 c. 
 
 Cosin, John [kuz'-en], English prelate, Y. 391. 
 
 Cosine , in mathematics, XY. 865, 2 c. 
 
 Cosmas of Prague, ecclesiastic and historian, 
 Y. 391. 
 
 Cosmic ether , X. 435, 1 c. 
 
 Cosmo : see Medici, XI. 343, 2 c; 345, 1 b. 
 
 ) Cosmog'ony: see Cosmology (Index). Of the 
 Norse races, XII. 119, 2 b (Mythology). 
 
 Cosmology , XIII. 431, 2 c, 432, 2 a (Philosophy). 
 
 Cosmoplane , instrument, YI. 92, 1 ab. 
 
 Cossa , Baltassare (John XXIII.), IX. 647, 2 c. 
 
 Cos'sacks, warlike tribes of Russia, Y. 391 
 (ill.). Revolt of, under Chmielnicki, IX. 
 650, 2 b. Secession of the Cossacks of the 
 Ukraine to Russia, I. 294, 1 a. 
 
 Cosse, Charles de [kus-sa], count de Brissac, 
 marshal of France, Y. 392. 
 
 Cossipore', suburb of Calcutta, Y. 392. 
 
 Cossitfs Corners , a former name of Syracuse, 
 N. Y., XY. 544, 2 a. 
 
 Cossus , a grub, XY. 302, 2 b. 
 
 Cossus ligniperda (entomology), IY. 107, 1 ab; 
 XI. 869, 2 b. 
 
 Cost, or cotise, in heraldry, VIII. 672, 1 be. 
 
 Cos'ta, Sir Michael, English musical director 
 and composer, Y. 392. 
 
 Costa-Cabral', Antonio Bernardo da, duke of 
 Thomar, Portuguese statesman, Y. 392. See 
 Maria II. da Gloria. 
 
 Costanzis , the , gem engravers, YII. 664, 1 a. 
 
 Costa Rica [koce'-ta re'-ka], republic of Cen¬ 
 tral America, Y. 393. Coasts, 1 b. Topog¬ 
 raphy, 2 a. Map, ib. Rivers, 394, 1 a. 
 Soil and minerals, 1 be. Climate, 1 c. Flora, 
 2 ab. Fauna, 2 b. Population, 2 c. Reli¬ 
 gion, 395, 1 a. Productions, 1 ab. Com¬ 
 merce, 1 c. Intercommunication, 2 ab. Edu¬ 
 cation, 2 be. Government and finances, 396, 
 1 a. History, 1 c. 
 
 Coste, Jean Jacques Marie Cyprien Victor 
 [kust], French naturalist, Y. 397. 
 
232 
 
 COSTELLO 
 
 COUCHING 
 
 Costello, Dudley, British author and journal¬ 
 ist, Y. 397. Louisa Stuart, authoress, 1 c. 
 Coster, Laurens Janszoon, reputed inventor 
 of printing, Y. 397. Coster festival, 2 c. 
 Costilla, county, Y. 397. 
 
 Costilla , county seat, Y. 398, 1 a. 
 
 Cosway, Richard, English painter, Y. 398. 
 
 Maria Hadfield, artist, 1 a. 
 
 Cota, Rodrigo de, Spanish poet, Y. 398. 
 Cotangent: see Trigonometry, XY. 866, 1 a. 
 Coteau des Prairies [ko-to' da pra'-re], plateau 
 in Dakota, V. 639, 1 b. 
 
 Coteau du Missouri, Plateau du, Y. 639, 1 b. 
 Cote de Chdlon [kote dull ska-lo ng ], wines of, 
 YII. 412, 2 c. 
 
 Cote-d’Or, department of France, Y. 398. 
 
 "Wines of, YII. 413, 1 a, c. 
 
 Cote du Rhone, wines of, YII. 412, 1 a. 
 Cote-Rotie , vineyard of the, YII. 412, 1 c. 
 Cotes, Roger, English mathematician, Y. 398. 
 Cotes-du-Nord [kote-dti-nor], department of 
 France, Y. 398. 
 
 Cothur'nus, ancient boot,Y. 398; XIY. 873,2 a. 
 Co-tidal lines, XY. 746, 1 a. 
 
 Cotin, Charles, abbe [kuh-ta ng ], French writer, 
 Y. 398. 
 
 Cotise [ko-teez'J, in heraldry, YIII. 672, 1 be. 
 Cotopax'i, volcano in Ecuador, Y. 399 (ill.). 
 Cotrone [ko-tro'-na], town of Italy, Y. 400. 
 Cotta, German family, Y. 400. Johann Georg, 
 publisher, 1 c. Johann Friedrich, theologian, 
 ib. Johann Friedrich, baron von Cottendorf, 
 publisher, ib. Georg, public officer and pub¬ 
 lisher, 2 b. Bernhard, geologist, ib. 
 
 Cotta , fast-day food of the Capuchins, III. 763, 
 
 1 c. 
 
 Cot'tabus, ancient social game, Y. 400. 
 
 Cottbus , town: see Kottbus. 
 
 Cotteniiam, Charles Christopher Pepys, earl 
 of, chancellor of England, Y. 401. 
 Cottereau, Jean [kut-tro]: see Chouans, IY. 
 520, 2 a, c. 
 
 Cottin, Madame Sophie Ristaud [kut-ta ng ], 
 French novelist, Y. 401. 
 
 Cottle, Joseph, English publisher and author, 
 Y. 401. Amos, 1 c. 
 
 Cotton, Y. 401. Different species, 2 a. Shrub 
 cotton, 2 c (ill., 402). Ancient use of, 402, 
 
 2 a. Cotton fabrics of India, 2 be. Intro¬ 
 duced into Europe, 403, 1 a. Early use in 
 America, 1 b. Sea island cotton, 2 b; 405, 
 2 c. Culture in Asia, 404,1 a; in Africa, 1 c; 
 in South America, &c., 2 a; in the United 
 States, 2 b. Upland cotton, 2 c. Gin house 
 
 (ill.), 405. Cotton gin, 406, 1 b (ills.). Cot¬ 
 ton press (ill.), 2 c. Statistics, 407, 2 b, ff. 
 Use of cotton in paper making, XIII. 46,1 a. 
 Cotton fibre, structure of, II. 373, 1 b. Dif¬ 
 ference between cotton and linen fibre, Y. 
 414, 2 c. Detection of cotton in linen fab¬ 
 rics, 415, 1 a. 
 
 Cotton, Charles, English poet, Y. 410. 
 
 Cotton, John, Puritan preacher, Y. 410. See 
 Boston, III. 128, 2 c, and 129, 1 c. Monu¬ 
 mental tablet in St. Botolph’s church, Bos¬ 
 ton, England, Y. 411, 1 ab. 
 
 Cotton, Sir Robert Bruce, English antiquary, 
 Y. 411; III. 297, 2 ab. 
 
 Cotton chapel , III. 128, 2 c (ill.); Y. 411, 1 ab. 
 Cotton gin, invention of, XYI. 610, 1 c: see 
 Cotton, Y. 406, 1 ab (ill.). Use of steam in 
 cotton-ginning, X. 630, 1 ab. 
 
 “ Cotton is king” Y. 231, 2 c; YIII. 428, 1 c. 
 Cotton Manufacture, Y. 411. Inventions of 
 Hargreaves and Arkwright, 2 a, ff. First ma¬ 
 chines made in the United States, 412, 1 b ; 
 XY. 88, 2 c. Introduction of the Arkwright 
 machinery, Y. 412, 2 ab. The power loom, 
 
 413, 1 a. Processes of manufacture, 1 b, ff. 
 Difference between cotton and linen fibre, 
 
 414, 2 c. Statistics of cotton manufacture 
 in the United States, 415, 1 b; in England, 
 417, 2 a. “Cotton famine” in England du¬ 
 ring the American civil war, 419, 1 a. 
 
 Cotton thistle , XY. 713, 2 a. 
 
 Cottonwood, tree, XIII. 711, 2 c (ill.). 
 Cottonwood, county, Y. 419. 
 
 Cottonwood Falls, county seat, IY. 326, 1 b. 
 Cotton Worm, Y. 419 (ills.). Boll-worm moth, 
 420, 1 c. 
 
 Cottopsis asper (ichthyology), III. 428, 1 b. 
 Cottus (ichthyology), III. 426, 2 c; 427, 2 b; 
 428, 1 b. C. gracilis, 427, 2 c. C. viscosus, 
 ib. C. gobio, 428,1 a (ill.). C. asper, 1 b. 
 Coturnix (ornithology), XIY. 126, 2 c. C. 
 
 communis, ib. (ill., 127). 
 
 Cotyledon [cot-e-le'-don], in botany, X. 267, 
 1 b; XIII. 575, 1 ab, ff. 
 
 Cotyle ripa'ria [cot'-e-le], (ornithology), XY. 
 499, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Cotys, Thracian female divinity, Y. 420. 
 Cotyttia, a Thracian festival, V. 420, 2 ab. 
 Cotytto: see Cotys. 
 
 Couch, Richard Quillar, English scientist, Y. 420. 
 Coucher , in paper manufacture, XIII. 49, 1 ab. 
 Couch Grass, Y. 420 (ill.). 
 
 Couching: see Cataract, IY. 102,1 be. 
 Couching floor, of a brewery, III. 257, 2 be. 
 
coucou 
 
 COURT 
 
 233 
 
 Coucou: see Cuckoo, V. 557, 2 be. 
 
 Coucy, De [dull koo-se], French noble family, 
 V. 421. Thomas de (Thomas de Marie), 1 b. 
 Renaud or Raoul, 1 c; romance of, ib. En- 
 guerrand III., “the Great,” 2 a. Enguer- 
 rand VII., or Ingelram, ib.: see Buttisholz. 
 Coudersport [kow'-], county seat, XIII. 776, 2 b. 
 CouGn, Y. 421. Causes and varieties of, 422, 
 
 1 a. Relief of, 1 c. 
 
 Couguae [koo'-gar], animal, Y. 422 (ill.). 
 
 Couia: see Coypu. 
 
 Coulisse [koo-leece], in the Paris bourse, XY. 
 388, 2 c; 389, 1 a. 
 
 Coulmiees, Battle of [kool-mya]: see Orleans. 
 Coulomb, Charles Augustin de [koo-lo ng ], 
 French philosopher, V. 422. His views on 
 electricity, YI. 502, 1 be ; 504, 1 a ; 505,1 a. 
 Experiments on friction, VII. 491, 1 ab, 2 a. 
 See Torsion balance (Index). 
 
 Coulon [koo-lo ng ], defaulting French army con¬ 
 tractor, referred to, III. 160, 2 a. 
 
 Coumarine [koo'-ma-rin], vegetable principle, 
 XV. 796, 1 b. 
 
 Council, Y. 422. In the Christian church, 
 
 2 c. Provincial councils, 423,1 a. National, 
 1 b; called by Napoleon without sanction 
 of the pope, ib. General or oecumenical 
 councils, 1 be; those recognized by the Ro¬ 
 man Catholic church, 2 be. Collection of 
 their acts, 424, 1 a.—In political history, 1 b. 
 Council of Ten, ib., and YI. 182, 2 c. Of the 
 Ancients, Y. 424,1 c. Of Five Hundred, 2 a. 
 Of state in France, 2 ab. Of Castile, 2 b. Of 
 the Indies, 2 be. Privy council in England, 
 ib. Council of state in Prussia, 2 c. Fed¬ 
 eral council in the German empire, 425, 1 a. 
 Councils in some of the United States, 1 ab. 
 
 Council Bluffs, city of Iowa, Y. 425. 
 
 Council of blood, I. 370, 1 ab; YI. 453, 1 c. 
 Council of conscience, in France, XIII. 176, 1 a. 
 Council Grove, county seat, XI. 844, 2 a. 
 Council of the north, in England, YI. 623, 2 c; 
 
 abolition of, 624,1 c. 
 
 Council of troubles, I. 370, 1 a (Alva). 
 Councils, Congregational, Y. 244, 1 a-c. Ex 
 parte council, 1 c. 
 
 Councils, oecumenical, their supremacy over 
 the pope declared, II. 358, 2 c; 359, 1 b. 
 Counsellor : see Lawyer, X. 237, 1 b, 2 a. 
 Count, title of nobility, Y. 425. Powers of, 
 426, 1 a; VII. 160, 1 c, 2 a. In England, 
 YI. 353, 1 a; XIY. 848, 2 c. 
 
 Counter, in pugilism, XIV. 76, 1 c. Cross 
 counter, 2 b. 
 
 Counterplace, in heraldry, VIII. 671, 2 b. 
 
 Counterpoint : see Harmony, VIII. 470, 1 b ; 
 Music, XII. 77,1 ab. Double counterpoints, 
 91, 1 ab. 
 
 Counters, in bank-note engraving, YI. 655,1 c. 
 
 Counterscarp walls, in fortification, VII. 329, 
 1 be. 
 
 Countervallation, lines of, XY. 27,1 a; 28, 2 b. 
 
 Countess , title of, Y. 426, 1 c; YI. 353, 1 ab. 
 
 County, political division, Y. 426. 
 
 County palatine: see Palatine (Index). 
 
 County system: see Town, XY. 827, 2 c. 
 
 Coup de Jarnac [koo dub zhar-nak], IX. 567, 
 1 c. 
 
 Coupe [koo-pa], of a diligence, IV. 724, 1 a. 
 
 Coupe, in fencing, VII. 121, 1 c. 
 
 Couped [koopt], in heraldry, VIII. 673, 1 c. 
 
 Coupeville, county seat (now Coveland), IX. 
 428, 1 c. 
 
 Couple-close, in heraldry, VIII. 672, 2 a. 
 
 Coupler, in the organ, XII. 689, 1 b. 
 
 Coupling, in galvanism, for intensity or in 
 series, VII. 594, 1 b (ill.) ; for quantity or in 
 multiple, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Coupling of railroad cars, XIY. 181, 2 a, 
 
 Courayer, Pierre Francois le [luh koo-ra-ya], 
 French ecclesiastic, Y. 426. 
 
 Courbet, Gustave [koor-ba], French painter, 
 Y. 426. (Died 1878.) 
 
 Couebevoie [koor-buh-vwa], village of France, 
 Y. 427. 
 
 Couecelles [koor-sel], battle of, Y. 427. 
 
 Courcelles, Daniel de Remi, governor of Can¬ 
 ada, Y. 427. 
 
 Courcelles, Thomas de, theologian, Y. 427. 
 
 Cour des poisons [koor da pwa-zo ng J, in France, 
 IY. 242, 2 a. 
 
 Coureurs des bois [koo-rur da b wa], VII. 534,2 c. 
 
 Courfeu [koor-fiih]: see Curfew. 
 
 Courier de Mere, Paul Louis [koor-ya duh 
 ma-ra], French scholar and publicist, Y. 427. 
 
 Cour'lan, bird, Y. 427 (ill., 428). 
 
 Courland, province of Russia, Y. 428. 
 
 Couronne de tasses [koo-riin duh tas], in gal¬ 
 vanism, VII. 588, 2 b. 
 
 Couronnement [koo-run-ma ng ], in fencing, VII. 
 121, 2 a. 
 
 Couroucou [koo-roo-koo']: see Teogon. 
 
 Cour pleniere [koor pla-nyair], VII. 385, 1 ab. 
 
 Cours de regence [koor duh ra-zha ng ce], in Jes¬ 
 uit teaching, IX. 626, 2 b. 
 
 Course: see Snip, XIY. 865, 2 ab. 
 
 Court, in law, Y. 428. Administration of law 
 in ancient countries, 2 c. In Rome, 429,1 o» 
 
234 
 
 COURT 
 
 COWICHANS 
 
 In England, 1 c; courts of, 2 b; ecclesiasti¬ 
 cal courts, ib., and 148, 2 c, 149, 1 be; su¬ 
 preme court, 430, 1 b. In France, 2 b ; par- 
 lements, 431, 1 a; court of cassation, 1 c. 
 Responsibility of French judges, 2 a; of 
 English, 2 c. Rules of decision, 432, 1 c. 
 Courts of the United States, 2 c.—Court of 
 appeals, in New York, I. 595, 1 c; in Eng¬ 
 land, Y. 430, 1 be, c. Court of chancery, in 
 New York, IX. 795, 2 ab; in England, Y. 
 429, 2 b, 430, 1 b. See Chancery. Court 
 of claims, in the United States, Y. 433, 1 c. 
 Court of common pleas, in England, YI. 
 606, 1 a; Y. 429, 2 a, 2 b, 430, 1 a. Court 
 of exchequer, in England, YI. 606, 1 a; Y. 
 429, 2 a, 2 b, 430, 1 a. Court of high com¬ 
 mission, attempt to restrain its powers, Y. 
 36, 1 c. Court of judicature, in England, 
 YI. 606,1 a. Court of king’s bench, in Eng¬ 
 land, YI. 605, 2 c; Y. 429, 2 a, 2 b, c. 
 
 Court de Gebelin, Antoine [koor duh zhaib- 
 la ng ], French author, Y. 433. 
 
 Courten, William, English manufacturer and 
 merchant, Y. 433. William, collector, 2 c. 
 
 Court hand , English, XYI. 739, 2 b. 
 
 Court Martial, Y. 434. 
 
 Court of Loye, in medheval France, Y. 434. 
 
 Court of prize, I. 125, 2 c. See Prize. 
 
 Courtois, Jacques [koor-twa]: see Borgognone. 
 
 Courtrai, city of Belgium, V. 434. 
 
 Courtray : see Courtrai. 
 
 Courts of Admiralty , in England, jurisdiction 
 of, Y. 429, 2 be; 151, 1 a. See Admiralty, 
 I. 124, 1 ab. In Ireland and Scotland, 126, 
 1 a. In France, 125, 2 c. In the United 
 States, 126, 1 ab. 
 
 Cousin, Jean [koo-za ng ], French painter, Y. 434. 
 
 Cousin, Yictor, French philosopher, Y. 434. 
 His theory of philosophy, 435,1 c; his plan, 
 436, 1 ab. See Philosophy, XIII. 444, 1 b. 
 
 Cousin Alice, pseudonyme, YIII. 522, 2 b. 
 
 Cousin-Montauban : see Palikao, Count de. 
 
 Coussemaker, Charles Edmond Henri de [koos- 
 ma-kair], French author, Y. 436. 
 
 Coustou, Nicolas [koos-too], French sculptor, 
 Y. 437. Guillaume, 1 a, ab (two). 
 
 Coutances [koo-ta ng ce], town of France, Y. 437. 
 
 Couthon, Georges [koo-to ng ], French revolu¬ 
 tionist, Y. 437. 
 
 Coutts [koots]: see Burdett-Coutts. 
 
 Coutume de Paris [koo-tum duh pa-re], in states 
 from the Louisiana purchase, Y. 594, 1 b. 
 
 Couture, Thomas [koo-tiir], French painter, 
 Y. 437. 
 
 Cou'vent [Fr. koo-va ng ], county seat, XIY. 538, 
 1 b. 
 
 Couvre feu [koo-vruh full], II. 495, 2 c. See 
 Curfew. 
 
 Couxio [Port, ko-she'-o], monkey, XI. 751, 2 c. 
 
 Couza (or Cuza), Alexander, hospodar of Mol¬ 
 davia and Wallachia, XI. 705, 1 b. See 
 Alexander John I. 
 
 Cove of Cork (Queenstown), XIY. 147, 1 be. 
 
 Coveland : see Coupeville (Index). 
 
 Covenant, in law, Y. 289, 2 b; Y. 755, 1 a. 
 
 “ Covenant, Firstfi of the Scottish Presby¬ 
 terians, XIII. 810,1 b. Second, 1 c. “ Sol¬ 
 emn League and Covenant,” 2 a. 
 
 Covenanters : see Cameronians. The rock 
 prison purchased for their confinement by 
 Charles II., II. 372, 1 c. 
 
 Covenants in law, Y. 755, 1 a. 
 
 Covent Garden [kuv'-ent], London, X. 614,1 a. 
 
 Coventry [kuy'-en-tre], city of England, Y. 
 437. St. Michael’s church (ill.), 438. Cov¬ 
 entry true blue, 1 a. Legend of Godiva, 2 a. 
 Sending to Coventry, 2 b. 
 
 Coventry, town of Rhode Island, Y. 438. 
 
 Coverdale, Miles, English divine and trans¬ 
 lator of the Bible, Y. 438. 
 
 Covered way, in fortification, YII. 329, 1 c. 
 
 Cover point, in cricket, Y. 482, 1 b. 
 
 Coverts, in the wings of a bird, YII. 105, 2 c. 
 
 CoviLnAM, or Covilhao [ko-ve-lyow ng/ ], Joao 
 Peres da, Portuguese navigator, Y. 439. 
 
 Covilhao, town of Portugal, Y. 439. 
 
 Covington [kuv'-ing-tun], two counties, Y. 439. 
 
 Covington, city of Kentucky, Y. 439. 
 
 Covington, county seats, I. 324, 2 c; YII. 351, 
 1 b; XII. 344, 2 b; XIY. 555, 1 b; XY. 
 768, 1 a. 
 
 Cow: see Cattle. 
 
 Cow and Calf, two rocks, YI. 315, 1 b. 
 
 Cowbane, plant, IY. 577, 2 a. 
 
 Cowberry, XYI. 613, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Cow Bird, Y. 440 (ill.). See 557, 2 be ; XVI. 
 779, 2 c, and 781, 2 be. 
 
 Cow bunting: see Cow Bird. 
 
 Cow'ell, John, English civilian, Y. 440. 
 
 Cowes [kowz], seaport of England, Y. 441 
 (ill.). Osborne house, 2 a. 
 
 Cowe'ta, county, Y. 441. 
 
 Cowetas : see Creeks. 
 
 Cowfish, III. 226, 1 a. 
 
 Cowgate, street of Edinburgh, YI. 405, 1 c. 
 
 Cowhage [kow'-ij], plant, Y. 441 (ill.). 
 
 Cowichans, tribe in Vancouver Island, XII. 
 480, 1 c, 2 a. 
 
CO WITCH 
 
 CRAMP 
 
 235 
 
 Cow'itch : see Cowiiage. 
 
 Cowl, monastic hood, V. 442. 
 
 Cowley, county, V. 442. 
 
 Cowley, Abraham, English poet, V. 442. 
 Cowlitz, county, V. 442. 
 
 Cow pastures , in Australia, III. 648, 1 ab. 
 Cowpexs, village of South Carolina, V. 442. 
 
 Battle of, 443, 1 a. See IX. 19, 2 c. 
 
 Cowper, Judith: see Pope, Alexander, XIII. 
 709, 1 c. 
 
 Cowper, William, earl, English judge, Y. 443. 
 Mary, countess, 2 a. 
 
 Cowper, William, English anatomist, Y. 443. 
 
 Cowper’s glands, 2 a. See Bidloo. 
 
 Cowper, William, English poet, Y. 443. “ John 
 Gilpin,” 444,1 a. Translation of Homer, 1 b. 
 Cowpox , IX. 603, 2 ab. 
 
 Cowry, shell, Y. 444 (ill.). Tiger cowry, 445, 
 1 b (ill.). Shaking props (game), 444, 2 c. 
 TJse of as money, ib. ; XI. 736, 2 c. 
 
 Cowry , bird, III. 166, 2 a. 
 
 Cow'slip, plant, XIII. 837,1 b (ill.). American 
 cowslip, 838, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Cow Tree, Y. 445 (ill.). Nutritive milk of, 2 a. 
 Cox, David, English painter, Y. 445. 
 
 Cox, Francis Augustus, clergyman, Y. 445. 
 Cox, Jacob Dolson, American lawyer and sol¬ 
 dier, V. 445. 
 
 Cox, Richard, English prelate, Y. 446. “ Bish¬ 
 ops 1 Bible,” 1 b. 
 
 Cox, Samuel Hanson, American clergyman, Y. 
 
 446. 
 
 Cox, Samuel Sullivan, politician, Y. 446. 
 Coxcie, Michael, Flemish painter, Y. 446. 
 Coxe, Arthur Cleveland, American bishop, 
 Y. 446. 
 
 Coxe, Tench, economist, Y. 447. See I. 93,1 c. 
 Coxe, William, English historian and biogra¬ 
 pher, Y. 447. 
 
 Coxis : see Coxcie. 
 
 Coxwell , aeronaut, I. 147, 2 a. 
 
 Coya , venomous spider, HI. 170, 2 c. 
 
 Coyne, Joseph Stirling, British playwright, Y. 
 
 447. 
 
 Coyote [ko-yo'-ta]: see Wolf, XYI. 696,1 be. 
 Coypel, Noel [kwa-pSl], French painter, Y. 
 447. Antoine, 2 ab. Noel Nicolas, 2 b. 
 Charles Antoine, 2 be. 
 
 Coypu [koi-poo'], rodent animal, Y. 447 (ill.). 
 
 Fur of, 448, 1 a; YII. 539, 1 c. 
 
 Coysevox, Antoine [kwaz-vo], French sculp¬ 
 tor, Y. 448. 
 
 Coyty castle , ruins of, III. 280, 1 b. 
 
 Co - Yukon , Indian tribe, I. 242, 2 a. 
 
 Cozzens, Frederick Sw r artwout [kuz'-zenz], 
 American merchant and author, Y. 448. 
 Crab, Y. 448. Brachyurans, 1 be. Anomu- 
 rans, 1 c; 450, 2 b; 533, 2 a. King crabs, 
 or horseshoe crabs, 448, 1 c; 533, 2 b. See 
 King Crab. Structure, 448, 2 a. Meta¬ 
 morphosis, 2 c. American edible crab, 449, 
 
 1 c (ill.). Soft-shelled crabs, ib. Rock crabs, 
 
 2 b. Common crab of Europe, 2 be (ill.). 
 Green crab, 2 c. Sand crab, 450, 1 a. Fid¬ 
 dler crab, 1 c (ill.). Oyster crab, ib .; XII. 
 772, 1 c. Spider crab, Y. 450, 2 a. Hermit 
 or soldier crab, 2 b (ill.); 533, 2 a. Robber 
 crab, 451, 1 b. Porcellanians, 1 c. 
 
 Crab, in printing press, XIII. 852, 2 c. 
 
 Crab Apple : see Apple, I. 599, 2 be; 600,1 c, 
 2 ab. 
 
 Crabb, George, English barrister and philolo¬ 
 gist, Y. 451. 
 
 Crabbe, George, English poet, Y. 451. 
 Crabetii, Dirk and Wouter [kra'-bet], Dutch 
 painters on glass, Y. 452. 
 
 Crab Stones, or Crabs’ Eyes, Y. 452; X. 480, 
 
 1 b. 
 
 Crackle wares, porcelain, XIII. 784, 1 a (ilk). 
 Cracknels, from whales’ blubber, XYI. 583,1 ab. 
 Cracow, city of Austria, Y. 452. Royal cas¬ 
 tle (palace), 2 ab (ill., 453). History, 453, 
 
 2 a. Republic of, 1 be. 
 
 Cradle, of American liberty, YII. 80, 1 a; of 
 Swiss liberty, YIII. 274, 2 a. Rocker for 
 gold washing, 82, 2 be. Frame with scythe 
 for cutting and laying grain, XIY. 725, 2 c. 
 Crafts, Samuel Chandler, American senator, 
 Y. 454. 
 
 Crafts, William, lawyer and author, Y. 454. 
 Craig, county, Y. 454. 
 
 Craighead, county, Y. 454. 
 
 Craik, Dinah Maria Mulock, English authoress, 
 Y. 454. 
 
 Craik, George Lillie, English author, Y. 455. 
 Craik, James, American physician, Y. 455. 
 Crake, bird, Y. 455 (ill.). 
 
 Cram'be mariti'ma (botany), XIY. 729, 2 be 
 (ill., 730). 
 
 Cramer, Johann Andreas [kra'-mer], German 
 poet and theologian, Y. 455. Karl Fried¬ 
 rich, scholar, 2 c. 
 
 Cramer, John Baptist, musical artist and com¬ 
 poser, Y. 456. 
 
 Cramoisy, S6bastien [kra-mwa-ze], French 
 printer, Y. 456. 
 
 Cramp, in muscular structures, I. 571, 2 c. 
 Cramp jish: see Torpedo. 
 
230 
 
 CRANACH 
 
 CREEKS 
 
 Cranach, Lucas [kra'-na k h], German painter 
 and engraver, Y. 456. Lucas (2d), 2 a. 
 Cran'berry, Y. 456 (ill.). Cranberry rake, 
 457, 1 c. Medicinal use, ib. High, or bush, 
 VIII. 295, 2 c. 
 
 Cranborne, Viscount: see Salisbury, XIY. 565, 
 2 b. 
 
 Cranch, William, American jurist, Y. 457. 
 
 Christopher Pearse, artist and poet, 2 ab. 
 Crane, bird, Y. 457. American (whooping) 
 crane, 2 c (ill., 458). Sand-hill crane, 458, 
 
 1 b. Crowned crane, 2 ab (ill.). 
 
 Crane, machine for hoisting, Y. 458; ill., IV. 
 74. Bishop’s boom derrick, Y. 459, 1 b. 
 Travelling crane, ib. 
 
 Crane, Anne Moncure (Seemtiller), American 
 novelist, Y. 459. 
 
 Cranesbill, plant, VII. 731, 1 be; spotted, 1 c 
 (ill.); small-flowered, 732, 1 a. 
 
 Crangon (crustacea), XY. 8, 2 a. C. vulgaris, 
 
 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Crania (brachiopoda), III. 177, 2 c. 
 Cranios'copy: see Phrenology, XIII. 475,1 b; 
 476, 1 ab. 
 
 Craniot'omy, in obstetrics, XII. 570, 2 b. 
 Cranmer, Thomas, archbishop of Canterbury, 
 Y. 459. Decides in favor of Henry VIII. 
 the question of marriage with a brother’s 
 widow, 2 b. Thrice pronounces his divorce, 
 1 c; 460,1 a, b. A persecutor, 1 a, c. Fa¬ 
 vors the translation of the Bible, 1 ab. Con¬ 
 demned and burned, 2 a-c. 
 
 Crantor of Soli, academic philosopher, Y. 460. 
 Cranworth, Robert Monsey Rolfe, baron, lord 
 chancellor of England, Y. 461. 
 
 Cranz, David [krants], German missionary and 
 historian, Y. 461. 
 
 Crape, fabric, V. 461. 
 
 Crape myrtle, plant, X. 763, 2 a. 
 
 Crape ring , of Saturn, XIY. 640, 2 c. 
 Crash'aw, Richard, English poet and divine, 
 Y. 461. 
 
 Crassus, Lucius Licinius, Roman orator, Y. 
 
 461. Marcus Licinius, triumvir, 462, 1 a. 
 Cratce'gus (botany), XY. 721, 2 a. C. crus- 
 
 galli, 2 be (ill., 722). C. cordata and other 
 species, 722, 1 b. C. oxyacantha, 1 c (ill.). 
 C. pyracantha, 2 c. 
 
 Crat'erus, Greek general, Y. 462. 
 
 Crates [kra'-teez], Athenian comic poet, Y. 
 
 462. Cynic, 2 b. Philosopher, 2 c. Greek 
 grammarian, 463, 1 a. 
 
 Crati'nus, Athenian comic poet, Y. 463. Poet 
 of the middle comedy, 1 c. 
 
 Cratip'pus, Greek historian, Y. 463, Philoso¬ 
 pher, 1 c. 
 
 Craufurd, Quintin, Scottish author, Y. 463. 
 
 Craven, county, Y. 463. 
 
 Craven, Elizabeth: see ANSPAcn. 
 
 Crawfish, Y. 463 (ill., 464). European, 464, 
 2 b; American species, ib. In the Mammoth 
 cave, 2 c. 
 
 Crawford, name of eleven counties, Y. 465. 
 
 Crawford, Nathaniel Macon, American clergy¬ 
 man, Y. 466. 
 
 Crawford, Quintin: see Craufurd. 
 
 Crawford, Thomas, American sculptor, V, 466. 
 
 Crawford, William Harris, American states¬ 
 man, Y. 467. 
 
 Crawfordsville, city of Indiana, Y. 468. 
 
 Crawfordsville , county seat, XY. 556, 1 b. 
 
 Crawfordville , county seat, XYI. 423, 1 a. 
 
 Craufurd’’s method of galvanizing iron , VII. 
 602, 1 a, b. 
 
 Crax (ornithology), Y. 579, 2 be. C. alector, 
 2 c (ill., 580). C. globicera, 580, 1 b. C. 
 rubra, 2 a (ill.). C. carunculata, ib., &c. 
 
 Crayer, Gaspard de [krl'-er; Fr. kra-ya], Flem¬ 
 ish painter, Y. 468. 
 
 Crayons, composition of, X. 526, 2 ab. 
 
 Cream: see Butter. 
 
 Cream-colored ware, Staffordshire pottery, 
 XIII. 787, 1 a; 788, 2 b. 
 
 Creamer brake, III. 206, 1 b. 
 
 Cream of lime, X. 478, 1 b. 
 
 Cream of Tartar, Y. 468. Adulteration, 469, 
 1 b. Use in medicine, ib. ; in the arts, 1 c. 
 
 Cream ware, pottery, XIII. 783, 1 ab. 
 
 Creatine [kre'-a-tin], Y. 469; XYI. 224, 2 b. 
 
 Creatinine [kre-a'-tin-in], XYI. 224, 2 b. 
 
 Creation, Cuvier’s arrangement of its succes¬ 
 sive epochs, Y. 600, 1 be. 
 
 Creator, a personal, proofs of in creation: see 
 Agassiz, I. 175, 1 a. 
 
 Crebillon, Prosper Jolyot de [zhiih-lyo dull 
 kra-be-yo ng ], French tragic poet, Y. 469. 
 Claude Prosper Jolyot de, novelist, 2 c. 
 
 Crecy [kra-se], village of France, Y. 470. Bat¬ 
 tle of, 1 a. See VIII. 256, 1 ab. 
 
 Creden’tes, class of Catharists, IY. 116, 2 ab. 
 
 Credi, Lorenzo di [kra'-de], Florentine artist, 
 Y. 470. 
 
 Credit Mobilier [kra-d6 mo-be-lya], of Paris, 
 Y. 470. Of America, 471, 1 a. 
 
 Cred'iton, town of England, Y. 471. 
 
 Creeks, Indians, Y. 471. Massacre of Fort 
 Mimms, 472, 1 a; IX. 488, 2 c. Subjuga¬ 
 tion and dispersion, Y. 472, 1 a, ff.; IX. 489, 
 
CREEPER 
 
 CRIMINAL 
 
 237 
 
 1 a, b, c. Removal from Florida, 493, 1 c. 
 Government, V. 472, 2 b. Language, 2 c. 
 Ckeeper, bird, Y. 472 (ill., 473). Brown 
 creeper, 473, 1 a. Tree creeper, 1 c. Black 
 and white creeper, ib. 
 
 Creeping to the cross , VIII. 101, 1 c. 
 
 Crefeld [kra'-felt], town of Prussia, V. 473. 
 Creighton, John [kra'-tun], Irish soldier of 
 fortune, Y. 473. 
 
 Crelle, August Leopold [krel'-l&h], Y. 473. 
 Cremation: see Burial, III.452,1 c; 453,1 c, 2 b. 
 Crema [kra'-ma], town of Italy, Y. 473. 
 Cremieux, Isaac Adolphe [kra-myuh], French 
 lawyer and statesman, Y. 473. 
 
 Cremnitz : see Kremnitz. 
 
 Cremona [krS-mo'-na], province of Italy, Y. 
 
 474. Capital city, 2 a. Belfry tower, 2 b. 
 Cre'nates: see Crenio Acid. 
 
 Cren'ic Acid, Y. 474. 
 
 Crenilabrus tinea (ornithology), XYI. 734, 2 a. 
 Crenshaw, county, Y. 475. 
 
 Cre'ole, Y. 475. Creole negro, 1 ab, 2 ab. 
 Creole dialects, 2 b. 
 
 Creole , slave ship, case of the, VII. 802, 2 a. 
 Cre'on, mythical king of Corinth, Y. 475. 
 
 Legendary king of Thebes, 2 c. See CEdipus. 
 Creosote, Y. 475. Use in preserving meat, 
 
 476, 1 ab; as a medicine, 1 c. Its relations 
 to carbolic acid, III. 768, 1 b, 2 a; 769,1 b. 
 
 Creosoting , of wood, XIII. 824, 2 c. 
 
 Crepid'ula (conchology), X. 486, 2 be (ill.). 
 Crepuscular curve: see Twilight, XYI. 86,2 be. 
 Cresap , Michael , captain, X. 575, 1 c, 2 a. 
 Crescent, Y. 476. Its use as a device by the 
 Byzantines and Turks, 2 b; III. 519, 2 a. 
 Orders of the, Y. 476, 2 b. 
 
 Crescent , in heraldry, VIII. 673, 2 be. (See 
 plate.) 
 
 Crescent City (New Orleans), XII. 321, 2 a. 
 Crescent City , county seat, Y. 783, 1 a. 
 Crescentia cujete (botany), III. 560, 2 c. 
 Crescentini, Girolamo [kra-shen-te'-ne], so¬ 
 prano singer, Y. 476. 
 
 Crescenzi, Pietro de’ [da kr^-shen'-dze], Italian 
 agricultural writer, Y. 476. 
 
 Cresol: see Carbolic Acid, III. 769, 1 c. 
 Crespy [kra-pe], peace of, YII. 382,1 c; 418, i b. 
 Cress, plant, Y. 476; XIII. 280, 2 c. Water 
 cress (ill.), Y. 477. 
 
 Cresson, Elliott, American philanthropist, Y. 
 
 477. 
 
 Cressy: see Crecy. 
 
 Crest, in heraldry, VIII. 674, 1 b. 
 
 Creswick, Thomas, English painter, Y. 477. 
 
 Cresyl'ic acicl: see Carbolic Acid. 
 
 Cretaceous Group, in geology, Y. 477; IY. 
 
 231, 2 be; YII. 697, 2 ab; VIII. 237, 1 c. 
 Cretan bull, capture of the, VIII. 679, 2 ab. 
 Crete : see Candia. Labyrinth of, III. 696, 
 1 a; X. 75, 1 b; XI. 614, 1 b ; I. 699, 2 c; 
 XV. 701, 2 a. Original settlers of, III. 696, 
 
 1 c. Dorian conquest, 2 a. Proverbial Cre¬ 
 tan degeneracy (“ always liars,” Tit. i. 12), 
 ib. Roman conquest, 2 ab. Venetian rule, 
 
 2 b. Turkish oppression, ib. Insurrection 
 of 1866—’9, 2 be. Action of the great Euro¬ 
 pean powers, 2 c. Final submission, 697, 
 1 ab. Government, 1 b. 
 
 Cre'tins (Fr. cretins, kra-ta ng ), Y. 477. Char¬ 
 acteristics, 1 c. Distribution, ib., ff. Causes 
 of cretinism, 478, 1 b. Treatment, 1 c. In¬ 
 stitutions for, 2 a; VIII. 300, 2 a (Guggen- 
 buhl) ; I. 20, 1 c (Abendberg). 
 
 Creuse [kriiz], department of France, Y. 478. 
 Creutz, Gustaf Filip, count [kroits], Swedish 
 poet and diplomatist, Y. 478. 
 
 Creuzer, Georg Friedrich [kroit'-ser], Ger¬ 
 man philologist and antiquary, Y. 478. 
 Creuziger [kroi'-tse-gher]: see Cruciger. 
 Creuznach [kroits'-na k h], town of Prussia, Y. 
 479. 
 
 CRkvECCEUR, Hector Saint-John de [kraiv-kur], 
 French agriculturist and traveller, Y. 479. 
 Crevecceur, Philippe de, soldier, Y. 479. 
 Crewe, town of England, Y. 479. 
 
 Crex (ornithology), Y. 455,1 c ; XIY. 170,1 b. 
 
 C. pratensis, Y. 455, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Cribbage, game, Y. 479. 
 
 Cricetus [kri-se'-tus], (zoology), VIII. 433,1 ab. 
 C. vulgaris, 1 be (ill.). 
 
 Crichton, James [krl'-tun], the “ admirable,” 
 Y. 480. 
 
 Crichton, Sir William, chancellor of Scotland, 
 IX. 514, 2 a. 
 
 Cricket, insect, Y. 480 (ills., 481). 
 
 Cricket, game, Y. 482 (ill.). 
 
 Ckillon [kre-yo ng ], French family, Y. 482. 
 Louis des Balbes de Berton de Crillon, sol¬ 
 dier, 2 c. Louis, second duke de, 483, 2 a. 
 Crime'a, peninsula of Russia, Y. 483. De¬ 
 scription, 1 b. Products, 484, 1 b. Indus¬ 
 try, 2 a. People, 2 b. History, 2 c. Cri¬ 
 mean war, 485, 1 ab; YI. 618, 2 a; YII. 
 755, 2 b ; XIY. 493, 2 a; XV. 62, 1 ab. 
 Crim'ina Icesce majestatis: see Majesty. 
 Criminal Law, Y. 485. Severity of primitive 
 laws, 2 ab. Greek and Roman laws, 486, 
 1 be; Germanic, 487, 1 b; English, 488, 
 
238 
 
 CRIMMITSCHAU 
 
 CROPPER 
 
 1 b; of the United States, 489, 1 b. Prin¬ 
 ciples recognized in criminal law, ib. ; pri¬ 
 vate and public injuries, ib. ; degree of guilt, 
 
 2 a; rules of evidence and mode of proceed¬ 
 ing, 490, 2 a. 
 
 Ceimmitschatj, or Crimmitzschau [krim'-mit- 
 showj, town of Saxony, Y. 491. 
 
 Crimson dye , of the ancients, X. 76, 1 a. 
 
 Modern, IV. 779, 1 c; YI. 342, 1 c. 
 
 Cringle , rope in a ship, XIY. 866, 1 a. 
 
 Cri'nis Berenices, constellation, II. 552, 2 a. 
 Crinoidea [kri-no-id'-e-a], animals, Y. 491 (ill.). 
 Crispin and Crispinian, tutelary saints of 
 shoemakers, Y. 491. 
 
 Crissa, ancient town of Phocis, Y. 491. 
 
 Crith : see Molecule, XI. 712, 1 b. 
 
 Crith'mum mariti’mum (botany), XIY. 593, 
 
 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Critias, leader of the thirty tyrants, Y. 491. 
 Critical angle , X. 439, 2 c; XI. 629, 1 ab. 
 Critical period (of life in women), I. 181, 1 b. 
 Crito, friend of Socrates, Y. 491. 
 
 Critola'us, leader of an Achaean insurrection, 
 Y. 491. 
 
 Crittenden, two counties, Y. 492. 
 
 Crittenden, John Jordon, American states¬ 
 man, Y. 492. George B. and Thomas L., 
 generals, 2 c. 
 
 Crivelli, Carlo [kre-vel'-le], Italian painter, 
 Y. 492. 
 
 Croatia [kro-a'-sha], province of Austria, Y. 
 
 493. Croats, 2 a (ill.). History, 2 c. 
 Croatian language , XIY. 783, 1 b. 
 
 Crocine [kro'-sin], coloring matter, XIY. 517, 
 
 2 c. 
 
 Crockards , coins, XI. 738, 2 b. 
 
 Crocker, county, Y. 494. 
 
 Crockett, David, V. 494 ; I. 236, 2 a (Alamo). 
 CrocTcford's, London, X. 608, 2 b. 
 
 Crocodile, V. 494. Anatomy, 1 b. Common 
 crocodile of the Nile, 496,1 c (ill.). Double- 
 crested, 497,1 ab (ill.). Lozenged, 2 a. Long- 
 nosed, 2 ab. Fossil crocodiles, Y. 497, 2 b; 
 YII. 651, 2 a; XY. 622, 1 ab (ill.). Croco¬ 
 dile of the West Indies, I. 333, 1 a. Gange- 
 tic: see Gavial. Land, XI. 749, 1 b. 
 Crocodilians, Y. 494, 2 a; 497, 2 b; YII. 651, 
 2 c. Fossil, XY. 621, 2 c. 
 
 Crocodilop’olis , ancient city (Arsinoe), I. 771, 
 1 a; YII. 102, 2 c. 
 
 Crocodilus vulgaris , Y. 496, 1 c (ill.). C. pa- 
 lustris, 2 b. C. marginatus, 2 be. C. bipor- 
 catus, 497, 1 ab (ill.). C. rhombifer, 2 a. C. 
 acutus, 2 ab. C. catapliractus and C. Jour- 
 
 nei, 2 b. C. lucius, I. 333, 1 a. C. priscus, 
 YII. 651, 2 a. 
 
 Crocus, genus of plants, Y. 498 (ill.). C. ver- 
 nus and Susianus, 1 a. C. sativus, ib. ; XIY. 
 517, 1 b (ill.). C. odorus, Y. 498, 1 b. 
 Crcesus, king of Lydia, Y. 498. 
 
 Croft, William, English composer, Y. 498. 
 Crofting , in bleaching, II. 703, 2 c. 
 
 Cro'ghan, George, American soldier, Y. 498. 
 Croker, John Wilson, British statesman and 
 author, V. 499. 
 
 Croker, Thomas Crofton, Irish author, Y. 499. 
 Croly, George, English clergyman and author, 
 Y. 499. 
 
 Crom'arty : see Ross and Cromarty. 
 Cromlech [krom'-lek], Y. 500; IX. 355, 1 a; 
 XVI. 426, 2 b. Kit’s Coty House, Y. 500, 
 1 c (ill.). Derivation of the word, YII. 198, 
 
 1 c. Cromlech at Tongataboo (ill.), 493,1 b. 
 Crompton , Samuel , inventor, Y. 412, 1 a. 
 Cromwell, Oliver, lord protector of England, 
 
 Y. 500. In parliament, 501, 1 b. In the 
 army, 2 a. Charles I. delivered up to parlia¬ 
 ment, 503, 2 c. Cromwell’s political aims, 
 504, 1 b. Campaign against the Scotch, 
 
 2 ab. Charles I. tried and executed, 2 c. 
 Second campaign against the Scotch, 505, 
 1 ab. Battle of Worcester, the “crowning 
 mercy,” 2 c. Made lord protector, 506, 1 c. 
 His foreign policy, 507, 1 be.—His manage¬ 
 ment of cavalry, IY. 145, 1 b. Tolerance in 
 religion, II. 626, 1 c. Kindness to George 
 Fox, YII. 361, 2 ab. Plan for a universal 
 Protestant missionary society, XI. 640, 2 b. 
 Lely’s portrait of, X. 333, 2 c. See Navp 
 gation Laws, XII. 182, 1 c; Polyglot, XIII. 
 687, 2 c.—Richard, second lord protector, 
 Y. 507, 2 c. Oliver, his son, 508, 2 a. Hen¬ 
 ry, lord deputy of Ireland, ib. 
 
 Cromwell, Thomas, earl of Essex, Y. 509. His 
 services to the English church and state, 510, 
 1 a. Advice to Henry YIII. on the divorce 
 question, YIII. 651, 1 c.—Gregory Crom¬ 
 well, baron, Y. 510, 1 b. 
 
 Cronos , in Orphic cosmogony, XII. 711, 1 a. 
 Cronstadt [krone'-stat], seaport of Russia, 
 Y. 510 (view). 
 
 Cronstadt, Transylvania: see Kronstadt. 
 Cronstedt (Axel Fredrik, 1722-65), mineralo¬ 
 gist, XI. 589, 1 b; XII. 431, 1 c, 432, 1 a. 
 Cronus , in Greek mythology: see Saturn. 
 Crooks, George Richard, American clergyman, 
 Y. 511. 
 
 Cropper, kind of pigeon, XIII. 504, 2 c. 
 
CROPS 
 
 CRUCIBLE 
 
 239 
 
 Crops, rotation of, I. 198, 1 b; triennial and 
 quadrennial rotation of in Germany, VII. 
 747, 2 c. Enriching and exhausting crops, 
 I. 198, 1 c. Composition of, and value as 
 food, 2 c, ff. 
 
 Ceopsey, Jasper Frank, American artist, V. 511. 
 
 Crosby, Howard, American clergyman and 
 author, V. 511. 
 
 Crosier , bishop’s, II. 663, 2 c. 
 
 Crosland, Mrs. Newton (Camilla Toulmin), 
 English authoress, V. 511. 
 
 Cross, V. 511. Forms of, 2 c, ff. (ills.). As 
 an instrument of punishment, 512, 2 b. Tbe 
 chosen symbol of Christianity, 513, 1 a. 
 With other sacred symbols, 1 b. Its use in 
 the Roman church, 1 c. Legend of the dis¬ 
 covery of the true cross, 2 a. Feasts of, 1 c, 
 2 be. Architectural crosses, 2 c. Waltham 
 cross, 514, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Cross , in heraldry, VIII. 672, 2 a; 673, 2 ab. 
 Per cross, 671, 2 c. (See plate.) Crosses of 
 St. George, St. Andrew, and St. Patrick, VII. 
 249, 2 c. Cross of Savoy, I. 373, la; F. E. 
 R. T., device of, ib. 
 
 Cross, county, V. 514. 
 
 Cross, iron, institution of the order, II. 756,1 c. 
 
 Crossbill, bird,V. 514. American, 2 b (ill.). Eu¬ 
 ropean, ib. White-winged, 515,1 a (ill., 514). 
 
 Crossbow : see Archery, I. 649, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Cross Creek: see Fayetteville, VII. 102, 2 b. 
 
 Crosse, Andrew, English electrician, V. 515. 
 
 Crosses, in hybridization, IX. 103, 1 c. 
 
 Cross hatching, in engraving, VI. 648, 2 be. 
 
 Cross-jack yard, in a ship, XIV. 865, 1 a. 
 
 Cross Keys, Virginia, battle of, V. 515. 
 
 Cross moline, in heraldry, VIII. 673, 2 be. 
 (See plate.) 
 
 Crossop'tilon (ornithology), XIII. 209, 1 c. C. 
 auritum, 2 ab. 
 
 Cross Timbers, the, Texas, XIV. 236, 2 ab; 
 XV. 670, 2 c. 
 
 Crossmile, county seat, V. 567, 1 a. 
 
 Cross-vine: see Trumpet Flower, XVI. 16,1 c. 
 
 Croswell, Edwin, American journalist, V. 516. 
 
 Croswell, Harry, American journalist and 
 clergyman, V. 516. 
 
 Crotalaria juncea (botany), VIII. 633, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Crotaline [krot'-a-lin], rattlesnake’s poison, 
 XIV. 216, 1 c. 
 
 Crotaloph'orus (zoology), XIV. 216, 1 a. C. 
 miliarius, 1 ab. C. tergeminus, 1 b. 
 
 Crot'alus (zoology), XIV. 214, 2 a. C. (urop- 
 sophus) durissus, 215, 1 c (ill.). C. adaman- 
 teus and C. horridus, 2 c. 
 
 CnoTcn, William, English composer, V. 516. 
 
 Croton, river of New York, V. 516. Aque¬ 
 duct, I. 613, 2 b (ill.). Lake, 614,1 a. Wa¬ 
 ter works, XII. 394, 1 b. 
 
 Croton (botany), IV. 86, 2 c. C. Eleutheria, 
 51, 2 c (ill., 52). C. tiglium, V. 516, 2 be 
 (ill., 517). 
 
 Croton, ancient city: see Crotona. 
 
 Croto'na, ancient city of Italy, V. 516. 
 
 Croton Oil, V. 516. Plant, 2 be (ill., 517). 
 Pseudo croton oil, 517, 1 b. 
 
 Croup, V. 517. Spasmodic, 1 c. Catarrhal, 
 2 a. Inflammatory, 2 ab. True croup, 2 b; 
 false croup, ib. Treatment, 518,1 b. Spasm 
 of the glottis (“ holding the breath ”), 2 be. 
 Bloodroot as a remedy for, II. 739, 1 be. 
 
 Croupier, in horse armor, I. 734, 1 a. 
 
 Crousaz, Jean Pierre de [kroo-za], Swiss phi¬ 
 losopher and mathematician, V. 519. 
 
 Crow, bird, V. 519. American, 1 b (ill.). Eu¬ 
 ropean, 520, 1 c. Hooded, 2 c (ill., 521). 
 Fish crow, 521, 1 c. Carrion crow of Cey¬ 
 lon, 2 c. Red-legged, IV. 521, 1 c. 
 
 Crow Blackbird : see Grakle. 
 
 Crowd: see Violin, XVI. 363, 2 b. 
 
 Crowe, Catharine, English authoress, V. 522. 
 
 Crowe, Eyre Evans, English historian, V. 522. 
 
 Crowfoot, plant, XIV. 202, 1 c; creeping, 2 c. 
 
 Crowing hen, IV. 782, 1 a. 
 
 Crowland: see Croyland. 
 
 Crown, V. 522. Roman crowns, 2 c (ills.). 
 Imperial and royal crowns, 523,1 be. British 
 crown, 2 a. Papal, 2 b. 
 
 Crown, in heraldry, VIII. 674, 1 ab. 
 
 Crow Nest, hill on the Hudson, IX. 30, 1 a. 
 
 Crown Point, town of New York, V. 523. 
 
 Crown Point, county seat, X. 109, 2 c. 
 
 Crowns, of lily of the valley, X. 474, 1 a. 
 
 Crown wheel, of a clock or watch, IV. 696, 2 b. 
 
 Crows, tribe of Indians, V. 523 (ill., 524); 
 IX. 787, 2 c. 
 
 Crowth, Celtic musical instrument, XII. 88,1 b. 
 
 Crow Wing, county, V. 524. 
 
 Crow Wing, county seat, V. 524, 2 a. 
 
 Croydon, town of England, V. 524. 
 
 Croyland, town of England, V. 524. Croy¬ 
 land abbey, 2 c (ill.). Bridge, III. 270, 2 c. 
 
 Crozat, Antoine [kriih-za], II. 629, 2 b, be. 
 
 Crozet [kriih-za] : see Krozet. 
 
 Cruachan Ben [kroo'-kan], mountain of Scot¬ 
 land, I. 698, 1 b. 
 
 Crucible, V. 525; XI. 426, 1 b. Earthen¬ 
 ware crucibles, V. 525, 1 ab; black-lead, 
 2 a; chemical, 2 b; Hessian, IV. 649, 2 c. 
 
2-10 
 
 CRUCIBULUM 
 
 CRYSTALS 
 
 Crucib'ulum , fungus, VII. 533, 2 ab. 
 
 Crucifix, Y. 525. 
 
 Crucifixion, Y. 525. See Cross, 512, 2 be. 
 
 Cruciger, Kaspar [kroo'-tse-gher], German 
 theologian, Y. 52G. Georg, professor of 
 philosophy, 1 c. 
 
 Cruden, Alexander, author of “ Concordance,” 
 Y. 526. 
 
 Cruger, John [kru'-gher], colonial mayor of 
 New York, Y. 526. John Harris, loyalist, 
 2 c. Henry, merchant, 527, 1 a. 
 
 CruicJcshanlc asylum , Aberdeen, I. 21, 2 c. 
 
 CruiclcsJianJcs: see Cruikshank, William. 
 
 Cruiksiiank, George [krook'-shank], English 
 caricaturist, Y. 527. (Died 1878.) 
 
 Cruiksiiank, William, Scottish anatomist, V. 
 527. 
 
 CruikshanFs battery , VII. 589, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Cruorine [kru'-o-rin], in blood, XII. 771, 1 ab. 
 
 Crura cerebelli , in anatomy, III. 190, 2 be. 
 
 Crusade, coin, Y.- 527. 
 
 Crusades, Y. 527. Ill treatment of Chris¬ 
 tians in Palestine, 528, 1 a. Peter the Her¬ 
 mit, 1 b. Council of Clermont, 2 a. Walter 
 the Penniless, 2 b. First crusade, 2 c; sec¬ 
 ond, 529, 1 be (see Bernard, Saint, II. 574, 
 
 1 a-b); third, 2 a; fourth, 2 c; fifth, 530,1 c, 
 and X. 184, 2 a; sixth, Y. 530, 2 be; seventh, 
 
 2 c, and X. 652, 1 c; eighth, Y. 531, 1 c, and 
 X. 653,1 a. Children’s crusade, Y. 530, 1 c. 
 Immediate cause of the crusades, XIY. 757, 
 2 be. Influence on emancipation, 775, 1 a. 
 Overthrow of the feudal system hastened 
 by them, VII. 162, 1 be. 
 
 Crusenstolpe, Magnus Jacob [kroo'-zen-stole- 
 peh], Swedish author, Y. 532. 
 
 Crusius, Christian August [kroo'-ze-oos], Ger¬ 
 man theologian and philosopher, Y. 532. 
 
 Crust , in wine, XYI. 666, 2 be. 
 
 Crusta'cea, Y. 532. Milne-Edwards’s sub¬ 
 divisions, 2 b. Organs, 2 c. Sense of sight, 
 533, 1 a; VII. 48, 1 b. 
 
 Cmsta petrosa , of teeth, XY. 606, 1 c. 
 
 Cruveiliiier, Jean [kru-va-lya], French physi¬ 
 cian, V. 533. (Died 1874.) 
 
 Cruvel'li, Sophie, Baroness Yigier, German 
 vocalist, Y. 534. 
 
 Crux (cross), Y. 511, 2 c. C. decussata, 512, 
 1 a; immissa, ib. ; commissa, or patibulata, 
 ib. ; ansata, b-c, and XIII. 380, 2 c. 
 
 Cruz, Juana Inez de la [kroos], Mexican poet¬ 
 ess, V. 534. 
 
 Cruzada [kroo-tha'-£Aa]: see Lent, X. 344, 
 1 be. 
 
 Cruzian'a , fossil footprints, VII. 342, 2 b. 
 Cry'olite, mineral, Y. 534. Alum obtained 
 from it, I. 365, 2 ab. Alumina prepared 
 from it, 366, 2 c. Aluminum from it, 368, 
 1 a. Exportation of from Greenland, VIII. 
 233, 1 b. 
 
 Cryoph'orus , water freezer, XYI. 699, 1 c. 
 Cryptobran'chus (zoology), XI. 392, 2 b. C. 
 
 Japonicus, 393, 1 a. C. primigenius, 2 a. 
 Crypto-Calvinists, Y. 534. Crypto-Calvinis- 
 tic controversy, 2 b, and X. 639, 1 c, 733, 
 
 1 be. 
 
 Cryptococcus: see Fermentation, YII. 146, 
 
 2 c (ill.). Referred to, XYI. 775, 2 be. 
 Cryptog’amous plants, X. 408, 1 c. 
 Crytop>hyllus concavus (entomology), IX. 772, 
 
 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Crypto’pia, alkaloid, XII. 650, 1 b. 
 
 Cryp'topus (zoology), XV. 810, 2 a. 
 
 Cryptu'rus (ornithology), XY. 765, 1 be. 
 Crystalline Lens, Y. 535; XYI. 392, 1 c. 
 Crystallization , Y. 535, 2 a: see Magnetism, 
 XI. 7, 2 b. Originator of the theory of, II. 
 558, 2 a. Geometrical law of discovered, 
 VIII. 517, 2 a. 
 
 Crystallograph’ic axis , X. 441, 2 a. 
 Crystallography, Y. 535. General princi¬ 
 ples, 2 b. Its mathematical basis, 537, 2 c. 
 Systems of (ills.): isometric, 536, 1 ab ; 
 tetragonal, 1 c; orthorhombic or trimetric, 
 2 a; monoclinic, 2 b ; triclinic, 2 c; hex¬ 
 agonal, ib. ; rhombohedron, 537, 1 a. Con¬ 
 stancy of the relative values of the axes, 2 a. 
 Variety of forms, 2 c. Modifications in de¬ 
 rivative or secondary forms, 538, 1 b (ills.). 
 Relation of derivative forms to one another, 
 2 c (ill., 539). Relation of the physical 
 character of crystals to the forms and axes, 
 539, 1 ab. Variations in the angles of the 
 crystals, 1 b. Compound crystals, 2 a (ills.). 
 Aggregations of crystalline particles, 540, 
 
 1 b. Modes of crystallization, 2 ab. Origin 
 of the modifications of crystals, 541, 1 a. 
 Application of mathematics to crystallog¬ 
 raphy, 2 c. See Mineralogy, XI. 589,1 b, c, 
 
 2 a. Use of chromatic polarization in crys 
 tallography, X. 450, 2 ab. 
 
 Crystalloids , YI. 71, 1 c, ff. 
 
 Crystal palace , England, I. 251, 2 b; IX. 258, 
 2 c, 259, 1 c. 
 
 Crystals: see Crystallography. Uniaxial, 
 X. 441, 2 a; 442, 1 c; 446, 2 a (ills.); 449, 
 1 a; 450, 1 a. Biaxial, 441, 2 a; 442, 1 c; 
 449, 2 a, c (ills.); 451, 2 a, c (ill.); 452, 
 
CRYTOPHYLLUS 
 
 CULDEES 
 
 241 
 
 1 a, ff. (ills.). Negative and positive, 442, 
 
 1 be. Right- and left-handed, 450, 1 ab. 
 Crytophyl'lus conca'vus (entomology), IX. 772, 
 
 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Crytops (rnyriapoda), IY. 203, 2 c. 
 
 Csaba [chob'-aw], town of Hungary, Y. 541. 
 Csanad [chon'-ad], county of Hungary, Y. 542. 
 Town, 1 a. 
 
 Csokonai, Yit6z Mihaly [cho'-ko-naw-e], Hun¬ 
 garian poet, Y. 542. 
 
 Csoma de Koros, Sandor [cho'-maw dSh ko'- 
 rosh], Hungarian traveller and orientalist, 
 Y. 542. 
 
 Csongrad [chon'-grad], county of Hungary, 
 Y. 542. Town, 2 c. 
 
 Cteis [te'-is]: see Phallic Worship, XIII. 380, 
 2 c. 
 
 Ctenoids : see Comparative Anatomy, Y. 
 183, 2 c. 
 
 CtenoVabrus cceru'leus (ichthyology), XIII. 284, 
 1 b (ill.); XYI. 734, 2 a. 
 
 Ctenoph'or^:, jelly fishes, Y. 543. Pleuro- 
 brachia, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Ctenos , city, supposed site of, IX. 285, 1 c. 
 Ctesias, Greek physician and historian, Y. 
 543. His knowledge of lightning rods, X. 
 465, 2 b. 
 
 Ctesibius, Alexandrian mathematician and in¬ 
 ventor, Y. 543. His improvement of the 
 clepsydra, IY. 670, 1 a. See Hydromechan¬ 
 ics, IX. 115, 2 ab. 
 
 Ctesiphon [tes'-e-fon], Athenian orator, Y. 
 543; 799, 1 be. 
 
 Ctesiphon, ancient city of Assyria, Y. 543. 
 Cu'ba [Sp. koo'-ba], Y. 543. Coasts, 544, 1 a. 
 Topography, 1 c. Geology, 2 b. Minerals, 
 
 545, 1 b. Climate, 1 c. Flora, 2 c. Fauna, 
 
 546, 1 ab. Inhabitants, 2 a. Slave trade 
 and slavery, 547, 1 a. Productive industry, 
 1 c. Mines, 548, 1 c. Commerce, 2 ab. 
 Education, 549, 2 ab. Literature, 550, 1 ab. 
 Government, 2 a. Army and navy, 551, 
 
 1 ab. Banks, 1 c. Intercommunication, 
 
 2 a. History, 2 c. American opposition to 
 its transfer to any foreign power, 553, 1 c. 
 Projected acquisition of by the United States, 
 2 c, and I. 103, 2 c. Lopez expedition, V. 
 553, 2 ab. Cuban revolution, 554, 1 a, ff. 
 Yirginius affair, XIY. 621, 2 c. 
 
 Cuban bloodhound , so called, II. 737, 1 b. 
 Cubature of solids, Y. 555, 2 c. 
 
 Cube, in geometry, Y. 555. In arithmetic and 
 algebra, 2 c. Cubic equation first solved, 
 XI. 276, 1 c. 
 
 16 
 
 Cubebs, Y. 555. Piper cubeba, 2 c (ill., 556). 
 Cubit, ancient measure, Y. 556; XYI. 538, 2 a. 
 Cuboid bones , YIII. 825, 2 b. 
 
 Cucking Stool, instrument of punishment, Y. 
 556. 
 
 Cuckoo [kook'-oo], bird, Y. 556. European, 
 2 c (ill.). Habit of laying its eggs in nests 
 of other birds, 557, 1 b ; I. 513, lb; II. 657, 
 1 a. American, 557, 1 c; yellow-billed, 2 a 
 (ill.); black-billed, 2 c; mangrove, 558, 1 a. 
 Cuckoo's mate: see Wryneck, bird. 
 
 Cucujo, West Indian firefly, VII. 213, 1 c. 
 Cu'culus (ornithology), Y. 556, 2 ab. C. ca- 
 norus, 2 c (ill.). Parasitic habits of, 557,1 b; 
 II. 657, 1 a. 
 
 Cu'cumber, Y. 558. Common, 1 c (ill.). 
 Squirting cucumber, 559, 1 a (ill., 558). 
 Medical and cosmetic use, 558, 2 c. Cucum¬ 
 ber ointment, 559, 1 a. 
 
 Cucumber tree , XI. 19, 2 b. Yellow, 20, 1 b. 
 Cu’cumis (botany), Y. 558, 1 b. C. sativus, 
 1 c (ill.). C. melo, XI. 372, 1 b. 
 
 Cucur'bita (botany), YIII. 131, 2 a; XIY. 87, 
 1 c. C. pepo, 2 a (ill.). See Squash. 
 Cucurbita'cece, gourd family, YIII. 131, 1 a. 
 Cudbear [kud'-bare], dyestuff, Y. 559 (ill.). 
 
 See Archil, I. 650, 2 c; 651, 1 a. 
 Cuddalore', town of Hindostan, Y. 559. 
 Cud'dapah, district of Hindostan, Y. 559. 
 Town, 2 b. 
 
 Cudworth, Ralph, English divine and philoso¬ 
 pher, Y. 559. See Moral Philosophy, XI. 
 807, 2 ab, 811, 2 c; Philosophy, XIII. 433, 
 1 a, 440, 2 be. 
 
 Cue , in billiards, II. 641, 2 c (ill.); 642, 1 a. 
 Cuenca [kwain'-ka], province of Spain, Y. 560. 
 
 Capital, 2 b (view). 
 
 Cuenca, city of Ecuador, Y. 560. 
 
 Cueva, Juan de la [la kwa'-va], Spanish poet, 
 Y. 561. 
 
 CuFAn: see Cufic Inscriptions. 
 
 Cuffee, Paul, American Indian preacher, Y. 
 561. Paul, negro sea captain, 1 be. His ap¬ 
 peal from the custom house officer to Presi¬ 
 dent Madison, 1 c. 
 
 Cufic Inscriptions and Coins, Y. 561; I. 623, 
 1 a. 
 
 Cugnot , Nicolas Joseph [ku-nyo], his steam car¬ 
 riage, XV. 335, 2 c (ill., 336). 
 
 Cuiaba: see Cuyaba. 
 
 Cujacius: see Cujas. 
 
 Cujas, Jacques [kii-zlias], French jurist, Y. 562. 
 Cula'ro: see Grenoble. 
 
 Cul'dees, religious fraternity, Y. 562. 
 
242 
 
 CULET 
 
 CUP 
 
 Culet , of the diamond, VI. 75, 1 be. 
 
 Culex (entomology), VI. 129, 1 b; VIII. 49, 
 2 b, ff. C. pipiens and C. Americana, VI. 
 129, 1 b. 
 
 Culhuas [kool'-was], Indian race, XI. 472, 1 be. 
 Culiacan [koo-le-a-kan'J, city of Mexico, V. 563. 
 Culis'idce (entomology), VIII. 49, 2 b. 
 
 Cullen, Paul, Irish Catholic prelate, V. 563. 
 Cullen, William, Scottish physician, V. 563. 
 
 His theory of inflammation, IX. 275, 1 a. 
 Cullenite8 and Brownites , III. 337, 1 b. 
 Cullera [koo-lya'-ra], town of Spain, V. 564. 
 Cullet, in glass making, VIII. 13, 2 c. 
 Cullo'den House, V. 564. Battle of Culloden, 
 
 1 a, 568, 1 c; IV. 312, 2 a; VII. 706, 1 be. 
 “ Culloden Papers ,” VII. 312, 1 be. 
 
 Culm [koolm], city of Prussia, V. 564. 
 
 Culm, town of Bohemia : see Ivulm. 
 
 Culm [kilim], of grasses, VIII. 166, 1 a. 
 Culmination , in astronomy, XV. 841, 2 a. 
 Cul'na, town of British India, V. 564. 
 Culpeper [kul'-pep-er], county, V. 564. 
 Culpeper, John,colonial political leader, V. 564. 
 Culpeper, Thomas, lord, colonial governor, V. 
 
 564. 
 
 Cultivator: see Plough, XIII. 616, 2 ab. 
 Cultos [kool'-toce], Spanish poets, XV. 221, 2 c. 
 Culturgeschichte [kool-toor'-gSh-shbh-tSh], in 
 German literature, VII. 771, 1 c. 
 
 Cul'verin , I. 785, 2 a, be, 786,1 a; III. 706 (ill.). 
 Culvert , of a canal, III. 681, 1 c, 2 c. 
 
 Cum^, or Cuma, ancient city of Italy, V. 564. 
 
 Bemains of Greek tomb (ill.), 565. 
 
 Cumana [koo-ma-na/], state of Venezuela, V. 
 
 565. Capital city, 2 b. 
 
 Cuma'nia, Great and Little, districts of Hun¬ 
 gary, V. 565. 
 
 Cumans , race, V. 566, 1 a. 
 
 Cumberland, eight counties, V. 566. 
 Cumberland, county of Xova Scotia, V. 567. 
 Cumberland, county of England, V. 567. 
 Cumberland, city of Maryland, V. 567. 
 Cumberland, Ernest Augustus , duke of: see 
 Ernest Augustus. 
 
 Cumberland, Richard, English divine, V. 567; 
 
 XI. 811, 2 be. Richard, dramatist, 568,1 b. 
 Cumberland, William Augustus, duke of, V.568. 
 Cumberland Court House , county seat, V. 566, 
 
 2 b. 
 
 Cumberland Mountains, V. 568. 
 
 Cumberland Presbyterians, V. 568. 
 Cumberland River, V. 569. 
 
 Cumberland university, X. 280, 2 b. 
 
 Cum'ing, county, V. 569. 
 
 Cuming, Hugh, English naturalist, V. 569. 
 
 Cum'in Seed, V. 569 (ill.). 
 
 Cu'minum cym'inum (botany), V. 569 (ill.). 
 
 Camming , county seat, VII. 326, 1 a. 
 
 Cumming, John, British clergyman and author, 
 V. 569; XI. 550, 2 ab. 
 
 Cumming, Roualeyn George Gordon, English 
 sportsman and author, V. 570. 
 
 Cummings, Joseph, American clergyman, V.570. 
 
 Cummins, Maria S., American novelist, V. 570. 
 
 Cunctator , title of Fabius, VII. 51, 2 b. 
 
 Cundinamar'ca, state of Colombia, V. 570. 
 
 Cunduran'go, supposed cancer cure, V. 570. 
 
 Cuneat'ic inscriptions : see Cuneiform Inscrip¬ 
 tions. 
 
 Cunego, Domenico [koo-na'-go], Italian en¬ 
 graver, V. 570. 
 
 Cunegunda, empress of Germany, VIII. 657, 
 2 b and be; 658, 1 a. 
 
 Cuneiform Inscriptions [ku-ne'-e-form], V. 
 570. Persian cuneiform writing, 571, 1 b, c. 
 Theories respecting, 2 a. Decipherment of, 
 2 c, ft. Persian alphabet, 573. Scythian 
 writing, 571, 1 b; 574, 2 c. Assyrian or 
 Babylonian, 575, 1 ab. Specimens with 
 translations, 575, 577. Account of the del¬ 
 uge, 577, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Cuneo [koo'-na-o]: see Coni. 
 
 Cunette ', in fortification, VII. 329, 1 c. 
 
 Cunningham, Allan, Scottish poet and prose 
 writer, V. 578. Alexander, soldier and au¬ 
 thor, 2 b. Peter, author, 2 c. 
 
 Cunningham , Hiss Ann Pamela, projector of 
 the purchase of Mt. Vernon, VI. 800, 1 b. 
 
 CuNNiNGnAM, John, British poet, V. 578. 
 
 Cunningham correspondence, I. 96, 2 c. 
 
 Cunobelin, British king, mint of, XI. 616, 1 b. 
 
 Cunocephali : see Cynocephali. 
 
 Cup, in the eucliarist, withheld from the laity, 
 X. 640, 1 a-b. 
 
 Cu'par, borough of Scotland, V. 578. 
 
 Cup battery , VII. 588, 2 b. 
 
 Cupel and Cupellation : see Assaying, II. 
 27, 1 c; Ashes, II. 5, 2 b ; III. 62, 1 a ; X. 
 260, 1 ab. Process of, II. 747, 2 a. Ger¬ 
 man cupelling furnace, X. 260, 1 b. 
 
 Cupid : see Eros. 
 
 Cupid and Psyche , story of: see Psyche. Its 
 author, I. 607, 2 c. 
 
 Cu'pola, in distinction from dome, VI. 195, 2 b. 
 
 Cupola, a form of blast furnace, IV. 74, 1 c, 
 2 c (ills.) ; 75, 1 a and c. 
 
 Cupping, V. 579 ; II. 738, 1 b. 
 
 Cup plant , XV. 46, 2 b. 
 
CUPRESSUS 
 
 CURTIUS 
 
 243 
 
 Cupressus (botany), V. 613, 1 c. 0. sempervi- 
 rens, 2 a (ills.). 0. horizontalis, 614, 1 a 
 (ill.). C. Lusitanica, ib., and IV. 164, 2 c, 
 165, 2 ab. 0. pendula, V. 614, 1 a. C. 
 thyoideo, IV. 164, 2 c. 0. Nutkatensis, I. 
 241, 2 a. 
 
 Cupulif'erm (botany), XII. 551, 1 b. 
 
 Curagao [Sp. koo-ra-sow']: see Curaqoa. 
 Curaqoa [koo-ra-so'-a], island, Y. 579. Li¬ 
 queur, 2 a. 
 
 Curari [koo-ra'-re]: see Woorara. 
 
 Curarine [ku-ra'-rin], poisonous principle, 
 XYI. 724, 1 a. 
 
 Curassou [Dutch, koo-ras-sow']: see CuRAgoA. 
 Curassow', bird, Y. 579. Crested, 2 c (ill., 
 580). Globose, 580, 1 b. Red, 2 a (ill.). 
 "Wattled, ib. Cushew curassow, 2 b (ill.) 
 Razor-billed, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Curate, in the church of England, Y. 581. 
 Curazoa [Sp. koo-ra-so'-a]: see CuRAgoA. 
 Curbstone broker , XV. 388, 2 b. 
 
 Curcu'lio, beetle, Y. 581 (ill.) ; II. 477, 2 b; 
 
 XIII. 621, 1 a. C. pales, XVI. 536, 1 c. 
 Cur'cuma (botany), XYI. 69, 2 be (ill.). C. 
 
 longa, ib. ; Y. 586, 2 b. C. rotunda, ib. 
 Curcumine [kur'-ku-min], coloring matter, 
 XYI. 70, 1 b. 
 
 Cures [ku'-reez], ancient town, Y. 582. 
 Curetes [ku-re'-teez], priests of Cybele, Y. 
 582; 604, 1 a. 
 
 Curetes , ancient people, I. 156, 1 b. 
 
 Curfew, evening bell, Y. 582; VII. 210, 1 b; 
 XYI. 629, 2 be. 
 
 Curia: see Curue, and Patricians, XIII. 167, 
 2 c. C. Hostilia, C. Julia, and C. Pompeiana, 
 XIY. 410, 2 c. 
 
 Curias, in ancient Rome, Y. 582; XIY. 410, 
 2 be. 
 
 Curia Rhcetorum : see Coire. 
 
 Curiatii [ku-re-a'-she-I]: see Horatii (Index). 
 Curing house , in sugar making, XY. 446, 2 b. 
 Curio, C. Scribonius, Roman general and 
 statesman, Y. 582. C. Scribonius (2d), 2 c. 
 Curius Dentatus : see Dentatus. 
 
 Curl , disease of the peach, XIII. 207, 2 c. 
 
 Curl cloud , IY. 710, 2 c. 
 
 Curlew, bird, Y. 583. Long-billed, 1 c (ill.). 
 Esquimaux, 2 ab (ill.). Hudsonian, 584,1 a. 
 Largest European, 1 b. Whimbrel, 1 be. 
 Pink curlew, IX. 143, 2 c; white, ib. ; Span¬ 
 ish, ib. 
 
 Curling, game, Y. 584. 
 
 Curragh of Kildare, IX. 831, 1 b. 
 
 Curran, John Philpot, Irish orator, V. 584. 
 
 Currant, V. 585. Red, 1 b (ill.). Black, 2 a 
 (ill.). Fetid, 2 b. Other varieties. Currant 
 wine, 586,1 b. Zante currants: see Raisin, 
 XIY. 189, 2 c. 
 
 Currency : see Money. 
 
 Current River, Y. 586. 
 
 Currents, Ocean : see Atlantic Ocean, II. 
 72, 2 a, if. Cause of, 73, 2 b. Behring 
 strait, XIII. 655, 1 a. Origin of northern, II. 
 77, 2 a. Antarctic current, 73, 1 b; XIII. 
 657, 2 b. Equatorial currents, II. 73, 1 a-c. 
 Brazilian current, 1 a, and XIII. 657, 2 b; 
 Guinea, II. 73, 1 a; South Atlantic, 1 b; 
 southern connecting, 1 b ; Rennel’s, 2 a; 
 La Plata, XIII. 657, 2 b. Polar currents, 
 II. 73, 1 c; 75, 1 a, 1 c, 2 c; 77, 1 a, b, c, 
 2 c; XIII. 654, 1 c, ff. Influence of ocean 
 currents in the polar seas, XIII. 654, 1 a; 
 657, 2 b. Currents in the Pacific and Indian 
 oceans : Agulhas current, IX. 244, 2 b ; East 
 Australian, ib ., and XIII. 657, 2 b ; South 
 Australian, ib ., and XII. 781, 1 c; Cape 
 Horn, ib ., and XIII. 657, 2 b; Humboldt or 
 Peruvian, XII. 781, 1 c; Japan, 2 ab ; Kam- 
 tchatka, ib .; Madagascar, XIII. 657, 2 be; 
 Malabar, IX. 244, 2 b ; Mozambique, 2 ab, 
 and XIII. 657, 2 be ; northern or current of 
 Mentor, XII. 781, 1 c ; north equatorial, 
 2 a, and IX. 244, 2 b; south equatorial, ib., 
 2 a, and XII. 781, 1 c. 
 
 Currents of wind, XVI. 657, 2 c ; XI. 436, 2 b. 
 
 Currie, James, Scottish physician, Y. 586. 
 
 Cur'rituck, county, Y. 586. 
 
 Currituck Court House , county seat, Y. 586,2 a. 
 
 Curry, condiment, Y. 586; XIV. 309, 2 b. 
 
 Curry, county, Y. 586. 
 
 Curry, Daniel, American clergyman, Y. 587. 
 
 Currying : see Tanning, and X. 275, 2 c. 
 
 Cursor, Papirius: see Papirius Cursor. 
 
 Curtesy, in law, Y. 587; 755,1 be; YI. 738,1 a. 
 
 Curtilage , enclosure, III. 448, 1 c. 
 
 Curtis, Benjamin Robbins, American jurist, 
 Y. 587 (died 1874). George Ticknor, law¬ 
 yer and judicial author, 2 b. 
 
 Curtis, George William, American author and 
 journalist, Y. 587. 
 
 Curtis, M. A., his experiments on fungi as 
 food, VII. 530, 2 ab; X. 743, 2 ab; XII. 71, 
 2c; 72, 1 a and c. His description of the 
 dionsea, YI. 122, 2 c. 
 
 Curtius [kur'-shus], pseudonyme, XYI. 533, 2 b. 
 
 Curtius, Ernst [koor'-tse-oos], German arche¬ 
 ologist and historian, Y. 588. Georg, phi¬ 
 lologist, 2 b. 
 
244 
 
 CURTIUS 
 
 CUVIER 
 
 Cuetius, Marcus, legendary Roman hero, V. 588. 
 
 CtTKTius Rtjfus, Quintus, Roman historian, V. 
 589. 
 
 Curvature, circle of, V. 589, 1 a. 
 
 Curvature of the spine , angular, XV. 268,1 b, 
 2 a; lateral, 1 b. 
 
 Cueve, in geometry, V. 589. Equation of the, 
 VII. 701, 2 b. 
 
 Curve of chemical force, XV. 247, 1 a (ill., 245). 
 
 Curves , Tschirnhausen's conception of the gen¬ 
 eration of, VII. 701, 2 c. Transformation 
 of, by various modes, 702, 1 a. 
 
 Curvirostrata Americana (ornithology), V. 514, 
 2 b (ill.). C. leucoptera, 515, 1 a (ill., 514). 
 
 Curwen , /., his tonic sol-fa, XII. 83,1 b (Music). 
 
 Cuezola [koor-tso'-la], island of Dalmatia, V. 
 589. 
 
 Curzolari islands [koor-tso-la'-re], VI. 386, 2 be. 
 
 Cuezon, Paul Alfred de [kiir-zo" 8 ], French 
 painter, V. 589. 
 
 Cuscuta , a vegetable parasite, IV. 714, 2 c. 
 
 Cush, eldest son of Ham, V. 589. Land of, 
 2 a. Cushite race, 2 b. 
 
 Cushat [koosh'-at], ring pigeon, XIII. 505, 1 b. 
 
 Cushing, Caleb [koosh'-ing], American jurist 
 and statesman, V. 589. 
 
 Cushing, Luther Stearns, lawyer and judicial 
 writer, V. 590. 
 
 Cushing, Thomas, statesman, V. 590. 
 
 Cushing, William, jurist, V. 590. 
 
 Cushman, Charlotte Saunders, American ac¬ 
 tress, V. 591 (died 1876). Susan, 2 a. 
 
 Cushman, Robert, a founder of Plymouth 
 colony, V. 591. Thomas, his son, 592, 1 a. 
 
 Cusk, fish, V. 592. American cusk, 1 b (ill.) ; 
 European, 2 a. 
 
 Cusse'ta , county seat, IV. 339, 1 a. 
 
 Cusso [koos'-so]: see Koosso, and II. 287, 1 b. 
 
 Chstaed Apple, V. 592 (ill.). Cherimoyer, 
 2 c. Sour sop, ib. Sweet sop, ib. 
 
 Cus'ter , Gen. (George A., born 1839, killed by 
 the Indians, with his whole command, June 
 25, 1876): see Cheyennes, IV. 395, 1 c. 
 
 Custine, Adam Philippe, count de [kiis-teen], 
 French general, V. 593. Renaud Philippe, 
 1 b. Astolphe, marquis d'e^ author, ib. 
 
 Custis, George Washington Parke,, adopted son 
 of George Washington, V. 593.. 
 
 Custom of London, concerning a married wo¬ 
 man, IX. 87, 2 b. 
 
 Customs, in distinction from excise, VII. 23,1 c. 
 
 Customs and Usages, as common law, V. 593. 
 
 Customs of merchants : see Law Mebchant, 
 X. 218, 2 c, ff. 
 
 Customs parliament, in Germany, VII. 759, 
 2 a, and be. 
 
 Custom work: see Shoe, XIV. 876, 2 c. 
 
 Custozza [koos-tote'-sa], village of Italy, V. 
 594. Battle of, ib., and I. 254, 2 c. 
 
 Custein : see Kustein. 
 
 Cutatisium, ancient city, X. 66, 1 b. 
 
 Cutch, for dyeing and tanning, IV. 105, 2 c. 
 
 Cutch, state of Hindostan, V. 594. Runn of 
 Cutch, 1 c. 
 
 Cutoh, Gulf of, V. 594. 
 
 Cutch Gundava [gun-da'-va], province of Be- 
 loochistan, V. 594. 
 
 Cuthce'ans: see Hebeews, VIII. 589, 1 be. 
 
 Cuth'beet, English saint and bishop, V. 594. 
 St. Cuthbert’s church, IV. 390, 1 be; his re¬ 
 mains, ib. See Saint Cuthbert''s beads (In¬ 
 dex). 
 
 Cuthbert, Benedictine monk, V. 595, 1 c. 
 Archbishop of Canterbury, ib. 
 
 Cuthbert, county seat, XIV. 199, 1 b. 
 
 Cuticle, X. 273, 1 c. See Epideemis. 
 
 Cutis, XV. 78, 2 c (cutis vera) ; X. 273, 1 c. 
 
 Cutleb, Manasseh, American clergyman, phy¬ 
 sician, and naturalist, V. 595. Settlement of 
 Ohio, 2 be. Jervis, pioneer, 596, 1 a. 
 
 Cutlee, Timothy, president of Yale college, 
 V. 596. 
 
 Cutsanim: see Okanagans. 
 
 Cuttack', division of Bengal, V. 596. City, 1 c. 
 
 Cutter: see Yacht, XVI. 761, 2 be. 
 
 Cutter, revenue, XIV. 855, 2 a. 
 
 Cutthroat game: see Euchee, VI. 769, 1 c. 
 
 Cutting and Bradford, photo-lithographic pro¬ 
 cess of, X. 529, 1 a. 
 
 Cutting drawing, in glass painting, VIII. 26, 
 2 be. 
 
 Cuttings , propagation of plants by, X. 239, 2 be. 
 
 Cuttle bone, V. 203, 1 a; 596, 2 ab. 
 
 Cuttle Fish, V. 596 (ill.). 
 
 Cuttub Minar [koot-toob' me-nar'], wrought- 
 iron pillar, Delhi, IX. 390, 1 c. Mosque, V. 
 780, 2 a. 
 
 Cuttub ud-Din [ood-deen'], founder of a dy¬ 
 nasty, V. 780, 2 c; IX. 207, 2 b (Kuttub). 
 
 Cutty Stool, stool of repentance, V. 597. 
 
 Cut-Wobm, destructive insect, V. 597. Cut¬ 
 worm and moth (ill.). European species, 
 1 c; American, 2 a. 
 
 Cuvette ', in glass making, VIII. 19, 1 be. 
 
 Cuviee, Georges Chretien Leopold Frederic 
 Dagobert [kii-vya], French naturalist, V. 
 597. Fossil genera restored by him, 184, 
 1 ab; I. 512, 1 a. Ilis theory of the vertex 
 
CUXHAVEN 
 
 CYNICS 
 
 245 
 
 brse, XIII. 425, 1 b; of the bones of the 
 head, ib .; his comparison of the areas of the 
 cranium and the face, VI. 753, 2 c. His op¬ 
 position to Saint-Hilaire, XIII. 423, 2 be. 
 His classification of articulata, I. 782, 2 b, 
 694, 1 b; of birds, XII. 705, 2 a; of entozoa, 
 YI. 663, 1 b; of mammals, XI. 80, 1 b; of 
 mollusca, 50, 1 b; of reptiles, VIII. 693,1 a. 
 His divisions of mankind, YI. 754, 1 a.— 
 Frederic, naturalist, Y. 601, 1 a. 
 
 Cuxhaven [koox'-ha-fen], town of Germany, 
 Y. 601. 
 
 Cuyaba [koo-ya-ba'], town of Brazil, Y. 601. 
 River, 2 c. 
 
 Cuyahoga [kl-a-ho'-ga], county, Y. 601. 
 
 Cuyahoga, river, Y. 602. 
 
 Cuyp, Albert [koip], Dutch painter, Y. 602. 
 
 Cuza, Alexander: see Coma (Index). 
 
 Cuzco [koos'-ko], department of Peru, Y. 602. 
 Capital city, 2 ab (view). Temple of the 
 sun, I. 398, 2 c. Remains of, 399, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Cy'amus (epizoa), YI. 694, 2 a; XYI. 579, 2 c. 
 
 Cyanocitta (ornithology), IX. 579, 2 c. C. 
 Californica and other species, ib. 
 
 Cyan'ogen, gas, Y. 603; XII. 478, 1 a. 
 
 Cyanos'piza (ornithology), VII. 192, 2 c. C. 
 cyanea, IX. 251, 2 a. C. ciris, 2 c. 
 
 Cyanu'ra (ornithology), IX. 579, 1 c. C. cris- 
 tata, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Cyathe'a elegans , fern (ill.), VII. 151, 2. C. 
 arborea (ill.), ib. 
 
 Cyath’ oliths , IY. 775, 1 a (Coccoliths) ; II. 
 391, 1 b. 
 
 CyathophyVloids: see Polypus, XIII. 689, 2 b. 
 
 Cyaxa'res I. and II.: see Media, XI. 633,1 a, c. 
 
 Cybele [si'-be-le], divinity, Y. 603 (ill., 604). 
 
 Cyb’ium (ichthyology), X. 794, 1 b. C. macu- 
 latum, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Cycadoi'dea megalophyl'la (botany), (ill.), Y. 
 604, 1 c. 
 
 Cy'cads (botany), Y. 604 (ill.). 
 
 Cyclades [si'-kla-deez], Grecian islands, Y. 604. 
 
 Cyc'lamen, genus of plants, Y. 605. C. Eu- 
 ropseum, 1 a (ill.). C. Persicum, 1 b. 
 
 Cyclidi'na , class of animalcules, I. 515, 1 b. 
 
 Cyclobranchiata [si-klo-brang-ke-a'-ta], divis¬ 
 ion of mollusca, XI. 723, 1 b. 
 
 Cv'cloid, curve, Y. 605. Area between it and 
 its base determined by Galileo, XI. 395, 2 a. 
 
 Cycloids, fishes: see Comparative Anatomy, 
 Y. 183, 2 c; 184, 1 a. 
 
 Cyclone', storm, Y. 605. See Hurricane, 
 and Whirlwind. Cyclone wave, IX. 83,1 b. 
 
 Cyclopaedia, V. 605. Ancient cyclopaedic 
 
 works, 2 c; mediaeval and later, 606, 1 ab, 
 ff. Attempts to systematize and classify all 
 branches of knowledge, 2 b. Lexicographic 
 arrangement, 2 c. English cyclopaedias, 607, 
 1 b; list of English and American, 608,1 be. 
 Special cyclopaedias, 609,1 a. French, 1 be; 
 German, 610, 1 b; Italian, 611, 1 ab; orien¬ 
 tal, 1 b. 
 
 Cyclope'an architecture , in Ireland, IX. 355, 
 
 1 b. Cyclopean walls, V. 612, 1 ab. Cyclo¬ 
 pean works, XIII. 235, 1 b. 
 
 Cy'clops, in Grecian mythology, Y. 611. 
 Cyclop''term (ichthyology), X. 713, 2 ab. C. 
 lumpus, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Cy'clostomes, fishes: see Lamprey. 
 
 Cyctoth'urus didac'tylus (zoology), I. 544, 2 a. 
 Cyd’amum , site of, VII. 789, 1 be (Ghadames). 
 Cydip'pe , priestess of Juno, II. 669, 2 b. 
 Cydnus, river of Cilicia, Y. 612. 
 
 Cydo'nia, ancient city of Crete, Y. 612. 
 Cydonia (botany), XIY. 152,1 a. C. Japonica, 
 
 2 b, and VIII. 604, 2 c. C. Sinensis, ib., and 
 XIY. 152, 2 b. C. vulgaris, 1 a. Origin of 
 the name, Y. 612, 1 c. 
 
 Cygni'nce (ornithology), XY. 499, 2 c. 
 
 Cygnus, constellation, Y. 612. . 
 
 Cygnus (ornithology), XY. 500,1 a. C. ferus, 
 
 1 b. C. olor, 1 c (ill.). C. Americanus, 2 b. 
 C. buccinator, 2 c. 
 
 Cylinder presses, XIII. 853, 1 ab (ills.). 
 Cylinder printing, of calicoes, III. 595, 2 c. 
 Cyllenian, epithet of Mercury, XI. 404, 1 b. 
 Cylon , Athenian conspirator, II. 55, 1 a; I. 
 263, 2 c. 
 
 Cymbals, musical instruments, Y. 612. 
 
 Cyme, in botany, XIII. 584, 2 c. 
 
 Cymindis (ornithology), X. 19, 2 c. 
 
 Cymling, kind of squash, XY. 293, 2 a. 
 Cym'ophane , gem, IY. 561, 1 c. 
 
 Cymraeg [kim'-reg], the Welsh language, IY. 
 177 v 1 be; 178, 2 b. 
 
 Cymri [kim'-re], native name of the Welsh, 
 XYI. 425, 1 b. Language of the, IY. 178, 
 
 2 b. Literature, 179, 1 b; YI. 631, 2 c. 
 Cymric languages, IY. 177, 1 be, 2 a. 
 Cyn^gi'rus, Athenian warrior, Y. 612 ; 1.151, 
 
 2 b. 
 
 Cynanche tonsilla'ris [sl-nan'-ke], disease, XY. 
 
 796, 2 b. C. trachealis, Y. 517, 1 b. ) 
 Cynic philosophy ( cynicism ): see Antisthenes; 
 Cynics; Plato, XIII. 603, 2 a; Moral Phi¬ 
 losophy, XL 809, 2 b ; Philosophy, XIII. 
 437, 2 be. 
 
 Cyn'ics, school of philosophers, Y. 612. 
 
246 
 
 CYXIPS 
 
 CYTOBLAST 
 
 Cy'nips termina'lis (entomology), XII. 558, 
 2 b (ill.). C. q. spongifica, &c., 2 c, ff. 
 
 Cynoceph'ali, baboons worshipped by Egyp¬ 
 tians, Y. 612 (ill., 613). 
 
 Cynocephalus (zoology), II. 183, 1 c. C. por- 
 carius, 2 c (ill.). C. hamadryas, 184, 1 b 
 (ill.). 0. babuin, 2 a (ill.). C. mormon, ib. 
 
 (ill.). 0. leucophaBus, 2 c (ill., 185). 0. 
 
 papio, 1 be; XV. 263, 1 be. 
 
 Cyn'odon dac'tylon (botany), VIII. 168, 2 be. 
 
 Cyn'omys (zoology), XIII. 802. C. Ludovici- 
 anus, 2 c (ill., 803). 
 
 Gynosar'ges, gymnasium in Athens, I. 572, 2 b; 
 site, II. 61, 2 a. 
 
 Cynosceph'al.®, range of mountains in Thes¬ 
 saly, V. 613. First battle of, XIII. 239, 2 b; 
 second, 408, 2 c, I. 156, 2 a. 
 
 Cynosse'ma , battle of (Athenians commanded 
 by Thrasyllus and Thrasybulus), VIII. 194, 
 2 b ; XV. 726, 1 ab. 
 
 Cynthia , island: see Delos, V. 783, 2 ab. 
 
 Cynthian'a , county seat, VIII. 481, 1 b. 
 
 Cynu'eia, ancient district of Greece, V. 613. 
 
 Cypera’cece (botany), XIII. 59, 1 c. 
 
 Cype'rus papy'rus (botany), XIII. 59, 1 a. C. 
 alternifolius, 2 a. 
 
 Cypese'a (mollusca): see Cowey, and V. 200, 
 1 c. 0. aurora, 444, 2 c. C. annulus, ib. 0. 
 moneta, ib ., and 203, 1 c. 0. princeps, 445, 
 
 1 ab. C. umbilicata, 1 b. 0. tigris, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Cy-pres doctrine [se-pra], of trusts, XVI. 19,1 b. 
 
 Cypeess, coniferous tree, V. 613. Common 
 
 evergreen, 2 a (ills.). Spreading, 614,1 a (ill.). 
 Portuguese and weeping, ib. Deciduous cy¬ 
 press, 1 c (ill.)* Cypress knees, 2 c. Age of, 
 I. 184, 1 a, 2 a. Cypress swamp, V. 770, 2 ab. 
 
 Cyp’ria , epithet of Venus, V. 616, 2 c. 
 
 Cypeiaist, Thascius Cascilius, saint, bishop, and 
 martyr, V. 614. The persecution of Decius, 
 615, 1 ab. Validity of baptism given by 
 heretics, 2 b. 
 
 Cyprin'idce (ichthyology), IV. 16, 2 ab. 
 
 Cyp'rinoid fishes (of the family cyprinidce ), V. 
 628, 1 c. 
 
 Cyprinus (ichthyology), IV. 16, 2 b. C. carpio, 
 
 2 be (ill.). C. auratus, 17,1 a, and VIII. 91, 
 
 1 b (ill.). C. gibelio, IV. 17, 1 a. C. caras- 
 sius, ib. 
 
 Cypriote inscriptions , language of the, V. 617, 
 
 1 a. 
 
 Cypripe'dium (botany), X. 90, 2 b. C. specta- 
 bile, 91, 1 b (ill.). C. insigne, 2 a (ill.). 
 Other species. 
 
 Cypeus, Turkish island, V. 616. Wines of, 
 
 1 c. Church of, 2 be. History, 2 c. An¬ 
 tiquities of: see Cesnola. 
 
 CypseVidoe (ornithology), XV. 519, 2 c. 
 Cypselu'rus (ichthyology), VII. 297, 2 c. C. 
 
 comatus and C. furcatus, ib. 
 
 Cyp'selus, tyrant of Corinth, V. 617. 
 
 Cypselus (ornithology), XV. 520, 1 a. C. mel- 
 ba, 1 b (ill.). C. pelagica, 1 c. 
 
 Cyrence'a : see Cyeenaica. 
 
 Cyeena'ica, ancient country of Africa, V. 617; 
 II. 526, 2 ab. 
 
 Cyrenaic philosophy , I. 704, 1 c. See Cyee- 
 
 NAICS. 
 
 Cybenaics, school of philosophers, V. 617. 
 Cyee'ne, ancient city of Africa, V. 617. Eock- 
 cut temple (ill.), 618. 
 
 Cyb'il of Alexandeia, saint, V. 618. Mur¬ 
 der of Hypatia, 2 ab. Eefuses justice to the 
 memory of Chrysostom, 2 b. Nestorian con¬ 
 troversy, 2 c. His twelve anathematisms, 
 
 619, 1 a. His refutation of Julian’s treatise 
 against the Christians, IX. 711, 1 a. 
 
 Cyeil of Jeeusalem, saint, V. 619. The tol¬ 
 erant pagan and intolerant Christian, 2 ab. 
 Cyril'lic alphabet , XV. 104,1 ab. See II. 787, 
 
 2 b; V. 620, 1 ab. 
 
 Cyril Lucar , or Cyrillus Lucaris, patriarch of 
 Alexandria and of Constantinople, referred 
 to, I. 291, 2 ab. His fate, VIII. 218, 2 b. 
 Cyeil and Methodius, apostles of the Slavs, 
 
 V. 619. Slavic version of the Scriptures, 
 
 620, 1 ab, 2 ab: see XV. 104, 1 a. 
 
 Cyrtoceras [sur-tos'-e-ras], (palaeontology), XII. 
 
 712, 1 c. 
 
 Cybus, river: see Ivue, and IV. 133, 2 a. 
 Cyeus, the Elder, king of Persia, V. 620 ; II. 
 188, 1 a, 189, 2 c, 190, 1 c, 2 b. Herodotus 
 and Hebrew prophecy on his capture of 
 Babylon compared, V. 621, 1 be. His sup¬ 
 posed tomb, 2 be, and XIII. 144, 1 c.—The 
 Younger, V. 621, 2 c. 
 
 Cyrus , patriarch of Alexandria, XI. 758, 1 b. 
 Cyst , internal parasite, I. 61, 1 b. See Ento- 
 zoa, VI. 665, 1 ab, 669, 1 c. 
 
 Cystic duct ) II. 636, 2 c; X. 538, 1 b. 
 Cysticer'cus (entozoa), I. 61, 1 c. C. cellulosas, 
 
 VI. 665, 2 ab. Production of, XV. 283, 2 ab. 
 Cystoph'ora (zoology), XIV. 732, 2 c. 
 Cystot'omy, in surgery, XIII. Ill, 2 b. 
 
 Cytce’a , ancient city, X. 66, 1 b. 
 
 Cythe'ea: see Ceeigo. 
 
 Cyt'isus (botany), X. 74, 2 b. C. laburnum. 
 
 ib. C. scoparius, III. 329, 1 a. 
 
 Cytoblast , in protoplasm, XIV. 34, 1 ab. 
 
CYTOD 
 
 DAGUERREOTYPE 
 
 247 
 
 Cytod , in protoplasm, XIV. 34, 1 b, 2 b and c; 
 35, 2 a. 
 
 Cytta'ria , fungus, VII. 532, 1 be. 
 
 Cyz'icus, ancient city of Asia Minor, V. 622. 
 
 Czajkowski, Micbal [clil-kov'-ske], Polish nov¬ 
 elist, V. 622. 
 
 Czar [zar], or Tzar, Russian sovereign title, 
 V. 622. Tzaritza, tzarevitch, tzarevna, tze- 
 sarevitch, tzesarevna, 2 b, If. 
 
 Czarnieqki, or Czarnecki, Stefan [char-nyets'- 
 ke, -nets'-], Polish general, V. 622. 
 
 Czartoryski [char-to-ris'-ke], Polish princely 
 family, V. 623. Michal Fryderyk, 2 a. Au¬ 
 gust Alexander, 2 b. Adam Kazimierz, ib. 
 Elzbieta, 624,1 b. Marya Anna, 1 c. Adam 
 Jerzy, 2 a; his friendship for Alexander I. 
 of Russia, ib ., and I. 280, 2 c, 281, 1 be. 
 
 Czaslau [chas'-low], town of Bohemia, V. 625. 
 
 Czechic poems [chek'-ik], collection of, VIII. 
 441, 1 b. 
 
 D, letter, V. 626. Its sound and relations, 1 b, 
 ff. As a numeral, 627, 1 a; abbreviation, 
 1 b; musical sign, 1 c. 
 
 Dab, fish, VII. 286, 2 b (rusty) ; 287, 1 b. 
 
 Dablon, Claude [da-blo ng ], Jesuit missionary, 
 V. 627. 
 
 Ddboia, snake, IX. 204, 1 c. 
 
 Dacca, district of India, V. 627. Capital, 2 c 
 (view). Muslins of Dacca, 628,1 a; 403,1 a. 
 
 Dacca Jelalpoor : see Fureedpoor. 
 
 Dace, fish, V. 628. Orange dace, 1 c; roach 
 dace, 2 a, and XIV. 352, 1 a; black-nosed, 
 V. 628, 2 be (ill.), and XI. 613, 1 c; long- 
 nosed, V. 628, 2 c; red, ib .; other kinds, 
 629, 1 a; common European, 1 b. 
 
 Dacelo (ornithology), IX. 840,1 be. D. gigaa, ib. 
 
 Dacia, ancient Roman province, V. 629. 
 
 Dacier, Andre [da-se-a], French scholar, V. 
 629. Anne, scholar, 2 b. 
 
 Dacke, Nils [dak'-keh], revolt of, VIII. 337, 2 c. 
 
 Da Costa, Izaak, Dutch poet, V. 630. 
 
 Dactyle'thra (zoology), XV. 779, 1 a. 
 
 Dac'tyli Idce'i, fossils, II. 485, 1 a. 
 
 Dactylis ccespitosa (botany), VIII. 167, 1 c. 
 D. glomerata, 168, 1 a (ill., 167). 
 
 Dactylol'ogy : see Deaf and Dumb. 
 
 Dactyl'omancy , in divination, VI. 153, 2 c. 
 
 Dactylop' term vol'itans (ichthyology), VII. 298, 
 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Dade, three counties, V. 630. 
 
 Czechs [cheks], II. 152, 1 a, if.; 785, 1 c,ff.; 787, 
 2 ab. See Bohemian Language and Liter¬ 
 ature. 
 
 Czegled [tseg'-laid], town of Hungary, V. 625. 
 
 Czelakowsky : see Celakovsky. 
 
 Czenstochowa, or Czenstochau [chen-sto- k ho'- 
 va, chen'-sto- k how], town of Poland, V. 625. 
 
 Czermak, Johann Nepomuk [cher'-mak], Bohe¬ 
 mian physiologist, V. 625. Jaroslaw, paint¬ 
 er, 2 a. 
 
 Czernowice [chSr-no-ve'-tsSh]: see Czernowitz. 
 
 Czernowitz [cher'-no-vits], town of Austria, 
 V. 625. 
 
 Czerny, Karl [cher'-ne], German composer, V. 
 625. 
 
 Czerny George, Servian chief, V. 625. 
 
 Czerski , Johann [cher'-ske], one of the found¬ 
 ers of the German Catholics, VII. 736, 2 a. 
 
 Czuczor [tsoo'-tsor], Gergely, Hungarian au¬ 
 thor, V. 626. 
 
 Dade , Major , XIV. 759, 1 c. 
 
 Dadeville , county seat, XV. 557, 1 a. 
 
 Dcedala [ded'-a-la], festival of the, IV. 614, 1 c. 
 
 Dcedala , ancient Greek sculptures, V. 630, 2 be r 
 XIV. 718, 1 b ( SaidaTia). 
 
 Dcedalids , ancient sculptors, XIV. 718, 1 b. 
 
 Daedalus, mythical Greek artist, V. 630. 
 
 Dael, Jan Frans van [dal], Belgian painter, V. 
 630. 
 
 Daendels, Herman "Willem [dan'-delce], Dutch 
 general, V. 630. 
 
 Daffadowndilly , plant, XII. 145, 2 a. 
 
 Daffodil: see Narcissus, XII. 144, 1 c, 145, 
 2 a (ill.). Pale daffodil, 144, 2 b. 
 
 Daffodilly , plant, XII. 145, 2 a. 
 
 Daf'ila (ornithology), VI. 288, 1 c. D. acuta, 
 ib. (ill.). 
 
 Daggett, David, American jurist, V. 631. 
 
 Daggett, Naplitali, clergyman, V. 631. 
 
 Daghestan', province of Russia, V. 631. 
 
 Dagmar [da'-mar], wife of the crown prince of 
 Russia, IV. 529, 1 c. 
 
 Dag'obert I. [Fr. da-gtih-bair], king of the 
 Franks, V. 631. Dagobert II., 632, 1 a. 
 
 Da'gon, Philistine idol, V. 632 ; XII. 117, 2 c. 
 
 Daguerre, Louis Jacques Mandd [da-gair], in¬ 
 ventor of the daguerreotype, V. 632. Ilis 
 process, XIII. 469, 1 be. 
 
 Daguerreotype [da-gher'-o-tipe], V. 632, 2 a; 
 II. 444, 1 b. Process of the, XIII. 469, 1 be. 
 
248 
 
 DAGUIN 
 
 DALRYMPLE 
 
 Daguin, Pierre Adolphe [da-ga" e ], French phys¬ 
 icist, V. 632. 
 
 Dahl , Dr. [dal], Swedish botanist, Y. 634, 1 ah. 
 Dahl, Johann Kristen Clausen, Norwegian 
 painter, V. 632. 
 
 Dahl, Mikael, Swedish painter, Y. 632. 
 
 Dahl, Yladimir Ivanovitch, Russian author, Y. 
 632. 
 
 Dahlbom, Anders Gustaf [dal'-bome], Swedish 
 entomologist, Y. 633. 
 
 Daiilgren, Karl Johan [dal'-gren], Swedish 
 poet, Y. 633. 
 
 Daiilgren, John Adolf, American naval officer, 
 Y. 633. His guns, I. 790, 2 b (ill.)* Ulric, 
 soldier, Y. 633, 2 a. 
 
 Dahlia [da'-lya or da'-lya], genus of plants, 
 V. 633 (ill.). D. superflua, frustranea, varia- 
 bilis, 2 b. Mummied tubers of, XYI. 587, 
 2 b. 
 
 Dahlmann - , Friedrich Christoph [dab-man], 
 German historian, Y. 634. 
 
 Dahlone'ga, town of Georgia, Y. 634. 
 
 Dahna , Arabian desert, I. 618, 1 b; 619, 1 a. 
 Dahomey [da-ho'-ma], kingdom of Africa, Y. 
 634. Dahomans, 635, 2 a (ill.). Religion, 
 636, 1 a. Government, 1 c. The king’s 
 Amazonian body guard, 2 he. History, 637, 
 
 1 a. 
 
 Daikon [di'-kone], vegetable, IX. 532, 2 a. 
 
 “ Daily Advertiser ,” of Boston, YIII. 390, 2 a. 
 Daimio [di'-me-o], Japanese noble, IX. 544, 
 
 2 b ; 547, 1 a. 
 
 Dairy : see Butter, Cattle, and Cheese. 
 Daisy, plant, Y. 638 (ill.). Ox-eye daisy, 2 a 
 (ill.). Ox-eye daisy powder, XIII. 328, 2 be. 
 Dakhani, a Hindi dialect, IX. 217, 1 a. 
 
 Dakhil , asylum, II. 450, 2 be. 
 
 Dako'ta, territory, Y. 638. Population, 2 b. 
 Indians, 2 c. Surface, 639, 1 a. Hydrogra- 
 phy, 1 be. Climate, 2 c. Soil and produc¬ 
 tions, 640, 1 a. Railroads, 2 a. Govern¬ 
 ment, 2 b. Education, &c., 2 c. History, 
 641, 1 a. 
 
 Dakota, two counties, Y. 641. 
 
 Dakota , county seat, Y. 641, 1 c. 
 
 Dakota City , county seat, IX. 40, 2 c. 
 Dakotas, family of Indians, Y. 641. See Sioux. 
 Dakro: see Dahomey, Y. 636, 2 b. 
 
 Daksha, in Brahman mythology, IX. 230, 1 c. 
 Dalai-lama [da-li'-la'-ma], in Thibet, III. 401, 
 f 1 b; X. 116, 1 a; XY. 704, 2 c. 
 
 Dalarne [da-lar'-neh]: see Dalecarlia. 
 Dalayrao, Nicolas [da-la-rak], French com¬ 
 poser, Y. 641. 
 
 Dalberg [dal'-bairg], family of Germany, Y. 
 641. Johann, bishop of Worms, 2 be. Wolf¬ 
 gang Heribert, minister of Baden, 2 c. Em¬ 
 merich Joseph, duke and peer of France, 
 diplomatist, ib. Karl Theodor Anton Maria, 
 archbishop elector of Mentz and archchan¬ 
 cellor, 2 c. 
 
 Dalberg-Acton, Sir John Emeric Edward , I. 
 78, 1 ab. 
 
 Dalburg [dal'-boorg]: see Dalberg. 
 
 Dal'by, Isaac, English mathematician, Y. 642. 
 
 Dale, county, Y. 642. 
 
 Dale, David, Scottish manufacturer, Y. 642. 
 
 Dale, Richard, American naval officer, Y. 642. 
 
 Dalecarlia [da-la-kar'-le-a], ancient province 
 of Sweden, Y. 642 ; X. 44, 1 b. 
 
 Dal Elf, river of Sweden, Y. 643. 
 
 Dalgar'no, George, British philologist, Y. 643. 
 His “Deaf and Dumb Man’s Tutor,” 1 b. 
 
 Dalhousie, James Andrew Broun Ramsay, 
 marquis of [dal-hoo'-ze], British statesman, 
 Y. 643. 
 
 Dalibarcl [da-le-bar], (Thomas Francois, 1703- 
 ’79), French naturalist, his experiments in 
 electricity, X. 464, 1 b. 
 
 Dalici [da-le'-se], tree, YII. 110, 1 c. 
 
 Doll, William II. [dal], American scientist, I. 
 241, 2 b. 
 
 Dallas, five counties, Y. 643. 
 
 Dallas , county seats, III. 17, 1 a; Y. 643, 2 c; 
 YII. 643, 2 c; XIII. 176, 2 ab; 679, 2 a; 
 680, 1 b. 
 
 Dallas, Alexander James, American states¬ 
 man and financier, Y. 644. 
 
 Dallas, George Mifflin, vice president of the 
 United States, Y. 644. 
 
 Dallas, Robert Charles, British author, Y. 645. 
 
 Dalling and Bulwer, Baron: see Bulwer, 
 Henry Lytton Earle. 
 
 Dall’ Ongaro, Francesco [dal oan'-ga-ro], 
 Italian poet, Y. 645. 
 
 Dalmatia, crownland of Austria, Y. 645. 
 Literature of, XIY. 784, 1 be. Duke of: 
 see Soult. 
 
 Dalmat'ica, sacerdotal vestment, Y. 646. 
 
 Dal'rymple, Scottish family, Y. 646. James, 
 Yiscount Stair, jurist, 2 c. John, earl of 
 Stair, author of the Glencoe massacre, 647, 
 lb. J ohn, earl of Stair, soldier and diplo¬ 
 matist, ib. Sir David, Lord Hailes, jurist 
 and author, 1 c. Alexander, hydrographer 
 and author, 2 b. 
 
 Dairy myle, naturalist, his observations on the 
 structure of animalcules, I. 517, 2 b; 518,1 a. 
 
DALTON 
 
 DANBY 
 
 249 
 
 Dalton [dawl'-tun], town of Georgia, V. 647. 
 
 Dalton, Edward Barry, American physician, 
 Y. 647. 
 
 Dalton, John, English chemist, Y. 648. Atom¬ 
 ic theory of, II. 86, 2 be, If.: see Chemis¬ 
 try, IY. 365, 2 c. His theory of the diffu¬ 
 sion of gases through one another, YII. 634, 
 2 c. IIis discovery of the effect of air or gas 
 in preventing evaporation, VI. 796, 1 a. 
 
 Dalton, John Call, American physiologist, Y. 
 648. 
 
 Dalton and Gay-Lussac's law , XIII. 628, 1 b. 
 
 Daltonism, defect of vision, Y. 108, 2 a; 648,1 c. 
 
 Da'ly, Captain, pseudonjmie, VII. 125, 2 b. 
 
 Daly, Cesar [da-le], French architect, Y. 649. 
 
 Dam, Y. 649. Principles and methods of con¬ 
 struction, 1 c, ff. Dam across the Connecti¬ 
 cut river, 2 c ; across the Furens in France, 
 ib. (ill., 650). Coffer dam, 650, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Dama (zoology), Y. 757, 1 c. D. vulgaris, YII. 
 75, 1 a (ill.); III. 385, 1 b. 
 
 Daman', seaport: see Damaun. 
 
 Daman, animal, IX. 138, 1 c. 
 
 Damanu [da-ma-noo'J, tree, YII. 110, 1 c. 
 
 Damaras [da-ma'-ras], African tribe, IX. 9,1 c. 
 
 Damascene', John, saint and doctor of the 
 church, Y. 651. 
 
 Damasce'nus, Nicolaus, Greek historian and 
 philosopher, Y. 651. 
 
 Damas'cius, Greek philosopher, V. 651. 
 
 Damascus, city of Syria, V. 651; view, 652. 
 Description, 651, 2 b. Commerce, 652, 2 a. 
 History, 2 c. Massacre of the Christians 
 in 1860, 653, 1 be. Captured and sacked 
 under Tiglath-Pileser, 234, 2 ab. 
 
 Damascus, in Greek mythology, II. 193, 2 a. 
 
 Damascus Blades. V. 653. Efforts to imitate 
 them, 2 ab. Indian method of making steel, 
 654, 1 b. Gen. Anosoff’s researches, 2 a; 
 his processes, 2 c. 
 
 Damask, fabric, V. 655. Tweeling or twilling, 
 2 c. Diaper, ib. 
 
 Damask, in gun barrels, VIII. 356, 2 a. 
 
 Damaskeen'ing, inlaying of metals, Y. 655. 
 For the internal parts of watches, IY. 706, 
 1 ab. 
 
 Damas'tes, legendary robber, XIY. 26, 2 c. 
 
 Damaun', seaport of India, Y. 656. 
 
 Damboio : see Dambool. 
 
 Dambool', village of Ceylon, Y. 656. Dam- 
 boollagalla, rock with cave temples, 1 b. 
 
 Damer, Anne Seymour, English sculptor, Y. 656. 
 
 Damiani, Pietro [da-mya'-ne], Italian prelate 
 and saint, Y. 656. 
 
 Damiens, Robert Francois [da-mya ng ], French 
 regicide, Y. 656. 
 
 Damiet'ta, town of Egypt, Y. 656. 
 
 Damiron, Jean Philibert [da-me-ro ng ], French 
 philosopher, Y. 657. 
 
 Da'mium, a Roman sacrifice, III. 23, 2 c. 
 Dammesz , Lucas: see Leyden, Lucas van. 
 Damnum absque injuria , legal phrase, I. 77,1 c. 
 Damocles [dam'-o-kleez], Syracusan courtier, 
 Y. 657. 
 
 Da'mon and Pyth'ias, Y. 657. 
 
 Damoreau, Laure Cinthie [da-muh-ro], French 
 vocalist, V. 657; I. 798, 1 b. 
 
 Damper, in musical instruments, XIII. 488, 
 
 1 a; of piano, 491, 1 a. 
 
 Dampier, William [dam'-peer], English navi¬ 
 gator, Y. 657. 
 
 Dampierre, Auguste Henri Marie Picot, mar¬ 
 quis de [da ng -pyair], French soldier, Y. 657. 
 Dan, son of Jacob, Y. 658. City, 1 be. 
 
 Dan, river, Y. 658. 
 
 Dan, title: see Don. 
 
 Da'na, Francis, American jurist, Y. 658. 
 Dana, James Dwight, American geologist and 
 mineralogist, Y. 659. On corals, 339, 2 a, 
 ff. On the nomenclature of minerals, XI. 
 588, 1 b; treatise on mineralogy, 591, 1 ab. 
 Limits of the marine faunas as shown by 
 him, YII. 240,1 c. His definition of polyps, 
 XIII. 689, 1 c; classification of, 2 b. On 
 the continuity of the course of life, YII. 11, 
 
 2 c; 15, 1 a. Description of geological 
 changes, ib. His theory of the origin of the 
 glacial drift, YI. 113, 1 c; of cephalization, 
 XIII. 428, 2 b, 429, 1 a. 
 
 Dana, Richard, American jurist, Y. 659. 
 Dana, Richard Henry, poet and essayist, Y. 
 660; XVI. 198, 1 a. 
 
 Dana, Richard Henry, jr., author and lawyer, 
 Y. 660. 
 
 Dana, Samuel Luther, chemist, Y. 661. 
 
 Danae [dan'-a-e], in Greek mythology, Y. 662. 
 Danaides [da-na'-e-deez], daughters of Danatis, 
 Y. 662. 
 
 Danais [dan'-a-is], entomology, III. 498, 2 a. 
 D. plexippus, ib. 
 
 Danakil, Mohammedan nation of E. Africa, I. 
 
 79, 2 c; II. 23, 1 c. 
 
 Dan'apris : see Dnieper. 
 
 Dan'aster : see Dniester. 
 
 Danaus [dan'-a-us], mythical king, Y. 662. 
 Danbury, town of Connecticut, Y. 662. 
 Danbury, county seat, XY. 394, 2 b. 
 
 Danby, Francis, British painter, Y. 662. 
 
250 
 
 DANCE 
 
 DARCET 
 
 Dance, George, English architect and artist, 
 Y. 662. 
 
 Dance of Death, Y. 663. Poems upon, 1 he. 
 Paintings of, 1 c. 
 
 Dancette line , in heraldry, YIII. 672, 1 a. 
 
 Dancing : see Ballet. 
 
 Dancing Disease, Y. 663. 
 
 Dancourt, Florent Carton [da Dg -koor], French 
 comedian, Y. 664. 
 
 Dan'delion, plant, Y. 664 (ill.). 
 
 Dan'dolo, Enrico, doge of Yenice, Y. 664; 530, 
 1 ah ; YI. 182, 2 be. Andrea, doge, Y. 665, 
 1 b. Girolamo, author, 1 c. 
 
 Dandolo, Yincenzo, count, Italian chemist, Y. 
 665. Tullio, author, 2 b. 
 
 Dandridge, county seat, IX. 587, 1 c. 
 
 Dane, county, Y. 665. 
 
 Dane, Nathan, American jurist, Y. 666. Or¬ 
 dinance excluding slavery from the north¬ 
 western territory, 1 b. Dane professorship 
 of law, 1 c. 
 
 Dane'gelt, ancient tax, Y. 666 ; YI. 745, 1 c. 
 
 Danei , Paolo Francesco [da-na'-e], (St. Paul of 
 the Cross), XIII. 152, 1 b, 2 a. 
 
 Dangerous space , in gunnery, YIII. 326, 1 a. 
 
 Dangleberry , XYI. 613, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Dang-Trong , Cochin China, I. 456, 2 a; IY. 
 777, 1 b. 
 
 Danican, Frangois AndrS (Philidor), [da-ne- 
 ka Dg ], French chess player, Y. 666. 
 
 Danidani [da-ne-da/-ne], plant, YII. 110, 1 c. 
 
 Daniel [dan'-yel], Hebrew prophet, Y. 666. 
 Book of Daniel, 667, 1 c. 
 
 Daniel, Hermann Adalbert [da'-ne-el], German 
 theologian and geographer, Y. 668. 
 
 Daniel, Samuel, English author, Y. 668. 
 
 Daniell, John Frederick, physicist, Y. 668. 
 His galvanic battery, YII. 590,1 b (ill.). His 
 water barometer, II. 328, 1 b. 
 
 Daniell, Samuel, artist and traveller, Y. 668. 
 
 Daniell, Thomas, painter, Y. 668. 
 
 Daniell, William, painter, Y. 668. 
 
 Danielsville , county seat, X. 820, 1 a. 
 
 Danilo I. [da-ne'-lo], prince of Montenegro, 
 XI. 780, 2 a. 
 
 Danish balance , II. 234, 2 b. 
 
 Danish Language and Literature : see Den¬ 
 mark:, Language and Literature of. 
 
 Dan'ites: see Mormons, XI. 834, 2 c, and 
 Young, Brigham, XYI. 795, 1 ab. 
 
 DanJcs , Samuel , his rotary puddler, IX. 401, 2 c 
 (ill., 402). 
 
 Dan'necker, Johann Heinrich von, German 
 sculptor, Y. 669. 
 
 Dannemo'ra, parish of Sweden, Y. 669. 
 
 Dannemora, town of New York, Y. 669. 
 
 Danner , Countess , morganatic wife of Frede¬ 
 rick YII. of Denmark, YII. 450, 2 b. 
 
 Dansville, village of New York, Y. 669. 
 
 Dantan, Jean Pierre [da ng -ta ng ], French sculp¬ 
 tor, Y. 669. 
 
 Dante degli Alighieri [dan'-ta da'-lye a-le- 
 gya'-re], Italian poet, Y. 669. Education and 
 acquirements, 670, 1 ab. Prior of Florence, 
 2 b. Exiled, 671, 1 b. His character and 
 habits, 672,1 a. Relations with Can Grande, 
 III. 701, 1 b. Regard for Dante after his 
 death, Y. 672, 1 c. Translations and criti¬ 
 cisms of his works, 673, 1 a, ff. His minor 
 works, 2 c, ff. The Divina Commedia , 675, 2 c. 
 Authorities on his life and works, 1 b. Ro- 
 setti’s theory respecting Dante and his con¬ 
 temporaries, XIY. 444, 2 be. See IX. 459,1 a. 
 
 D anton, Georges Jacques [da ng -to ng ], French 
 revolutionist, Y. 677. 
 
 Dantzic, seaport of Prussia, Y. 678 (view). 
 Cathedral of, 2 c; IY. 118, 2 a. Duke of: 
 see Lefebvre, Frangois Joseph. 
 
 Dan'ube, river of Europe, Y. 679. Iron gate of, 
 
 680, 2 a (ill.). History, 2 c. Commercial use, 
 
 681, 1 a. Principality of, III. 421, 1 a. 
 
 Danum (Doncaster), YI. 209, 2 a. 
 
 Danvers, town of Massachusetts, Y. 681. Pea¬ 
 body institute, 2 be. 
 
 Danvers , South: see Peabody (town). 
 
 Danville, borough of Pennsylvania, Y. 681. 
 Town of Yirginia, 682, 1 a. Town of Ken¬ 
 tucky, 1 b. City of Illinois, 1 c. 
 
 Danville , county seats, YIII. 635, 2 c; XI. 787, 
 2 c; XYI. 779, 1 b. 
 
 Daoine shi: see Fairies, YII. 65, 1 a. 
 
 Daph'ne, nymph, Y. 682. 
 
 Daphne, ancient place in Syria, Y. 682. 
 
 Daphne, genus of plants, Y. 682 (ill.). D. odo- 
 ra, 2 c. D. laureola, ib. D. mezereum, ib. 
 (ill.). D. lagetta, 683, 1 a. 
 
 Daphne, river of Syria, IX. 683, 1 c. 
 
 Daphnepho'ria, Grecian festival, Y. 683. 
 
 Da Ponte, Lorenzo [da pon'-ta], Italian poet, 
 Y. 683. Lorenzo L., scholar, 1 c. 
 
 Dappes [dap], Swiss valley, Y. 683. 
 
 Darab': see Darabgerd. 
 
 Darabgerd', city of Persia, Y. 683. 
 
 D’Arblay, Madame : see Arblay, Madame d’. 
 
 Darboy, Georges [dar-bwa], French prelate, Y. 
 683. 
 
 Dar'byites : see Plymouth Brethren. 
 
 Darcet, Jean [dar-sfi], French chemist, Y. 684. 
 
DARDANELLES 
 
 DASYURE 
 
 251 
 
 Dardanelles [dar-da-nelz'], castles of the Hel¬ 
 lespont or strait of the Dardanelles, Y. G84; 
 view, 685. Navigation of the Dardanelles 
 and Bosporus, 685, 1 a; X. 224, 2 a. Right 
 of foreign war vessels to pass the strait as¬ 
 serted by the United States, Y. 685, 2 a; 
 recognized, ib. Treaty of the, I. 79, 2 b. 
 The Lesser Dardanelles, V. 685, 1 b. 
 Darda'nia, district of ancient Moesia, Y. 685. 
 
 Of Mysia, 1 c. See Samothrace. 
 Dar'danus, ancestor of the Trojans, Y. 685. 
 Dardanus , ancient city, Y. 685, 1 c. 
 
 Darden, Miles, largest man on record, Y. 685. 
 Dare, county, Y. 685. 
 
 Dare, Yirginia, Y. 685. 
 
 Da'res , the Phrygian, history of the destruction 
 of Troy under the name of, X. 201, 1 ah. 
 Dareste de la Chavanne, Antoine Elisabeth 
 Cleophas [da-rest du.h la slia-van], French 
 author, Y. 686. 
 
 Darfoor', country of Africa, Y. 686. 
 Dargaud, Jean Marie [dar-go], French author, 
 Y. 686. 
 
 Darial pass, of the Caucasus, IY. 133, 1 c. 
 Dario, ancient Persian gold coin, Y. 686 (ill.) ; 
 
 XII. 536, 1 b (ill.). Silver darics, Y. 686, 2 b. 
 Darien, Colony of [da-re-en'J, Y. 686. 
 
 Darien, Gulf of, Y. 687. 
 
 Darien, Isthmus of: see Panama. 
 
 Darien, county seat, X. 788, 1 a. 
 
 Dari'us, kings of Media and Persia, Y. 687. 
 Darius the Mede, identity of, 1 be; II. 190, 
 2 a. Darius Hystaspis, king of Persia, Y. 
 687, 2 a. Inscription by him, II. 190, 2 a; 
 Y. 573, 2 c. Darius Ochus, 688, 1 c. Darius 
 Codomannus, ib. Conquered by Alexander 
 the Great, 2 b, ff. 
 
 Dark ages, the, I. 186, 1 a. 
 
 Darke, county, Y. 689. 
 
 Dar'laston, town of England, Y. 689. 
 
 Darley, Felix 0. C., American artist, Y. 689. 
 Darley, George, British author, Y. 689. 
 Darling, river of Australia, Y. 689. 
 
 Darling, Grace, English heroine, Y. 689. 
 Darlington, county of South Carolina, Y. 690. 
 Darlington, county seat, X. 93, 2 a. 
 Darlington, borough of England, Y. 690. 
 Darlington, William, American botanist, Y. 
 690. 
 
 Darlington Court House, county seat, Y. 690,1 b. 
 Darlingtonia Californica (botany), XIII. 548, 
 2 b (ill.); IX. 310, 2 a. 
 
 Darm'stadt, city of Germany, Y. 690. Palace, 
 2 c (ill., 691). 
 
 Darnel, weed, Y. 691 (ill.). 
 
 Darnetal [dar-na-tal], town of France, Y. 691. 
 
 Darnley, Henry Stuart, lord, husband of Mary 
 queen of Scots, Y. 691. His murder, 692, 
 
 1 a; XI. 234, 2 a. 
 
 Darter, bird, Y. 692. Black-bellied, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Dartford, town of England, Y. 693. 
 
 Dartford, county seat, YIII. 232, 1 b. 
 
 Dart'moor, England, Y. 693. Prison, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Dartmouth [dart'-muth], borough of England, 
 Y. 694. 
 
 Dartmouth College, Y. 694 (ill.). Agricul¬ 
 tural department, 2 c; medical, 695, 1 b. 
 History, 2 a. Benefactions to: see Went¬ 
 worth, XYI. 564, 1 b, 2 a. Inviolability of 
 its charter established, V. 696, 1 a; IY. 323, 
 
 2 ab ; XYI. 529, 2 be. 
 
 Daru, Pierre Antoine Noel Bruno, count 
 [da-rti], French historian, V. 696. Napo¬ 
 leon, count, statesman, 2 a. 
 
 Darwar', district of India, Y. 696. Town, 2 c. 
 
 Dar'wen, town of England, Y. 697. 
 
 Darwin, Charles Robert, English naturalist, 
 Y. 697. “ Origin of Species by means of 
 
 Natural Selection,” 1 c ; object of the work, 
 2 a. See Evolution, YII. 13, 2 c, 14, 2 a, b, c; 
 YIII. 372, 2 be. His investigations of insec¬ 
 tivorous plants, YI. 123, 1 b; XY. 480, 1 b. 
 
 Darwin, Erasmus, English physiologist and 
 poet, V. 697. Yiews on evolution, YII. 10, 
 1 c. Origin of ideas, XIII. 445, 2 a. 
 
 Darwinism, doctrine of evolution, YIII. 371, 
 1 a. See Darwin, Charles Robert, and Evo¬ 
 lution, YII. 13, 2 c, 14, 2 a, b, c. 
 
 Daschkaw, princess, memoirs of, Y. 698, 2 b. 
 
 Da'sent, GeorgeWebbe, English author, Y. 698. 
 
 Dash, Countess (pseudonyme), French au¬ 
 thoress, Y. 698. 
 
 Dashkoff, Yekaterina Romanovna, Russian 
 princess, Y. 698; IY. Ill, 2 a. Her me¬ 
 moirs, Y. 698, 2 b. 
 
 Das reine Seyn [das rl'-nSh zine], philosophical 
 phrase, I. 34, 2 a. 
 
 Dastagerd residence of Chosroes II., IY. 
 520, 1 a. 
 
 DasyVophus (ornithology), YII. 104, 2 a. D. 
 Cumingii, ib. D. superciliosus, 2 b. 
 
 Dasyproc'ta (zoology), I. 190. D. aguti, 2 a 
 (ill.). Other species, 2 c. 
 
 Das'ypus (zoology), I. 720, 1 ab. D. sexcinc- 
 tus or D. encoubert (ill.), 1 b. 
 
 Da'syure, marsupial animal, Y. 698. Tas¬ 
 manian or native devil, 2 c. Common, 699, 
 
 1 ab (ill., 698). 
 
252 
 
 DASYURUS 
 
 DAYIS 
 
 Dasyu'rus (zoology): see Dasyure. 
 
 Dat'alyte (chemistry), X. 479, 2 a. 
 
 Date Palm, Y. 699 (ill.). 
 
 Date Plum, Y. 699. Chinese, 700, 1 ab (ill.). 
 
 Persimmon, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Date shell , XY. 400, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Dathius , archpriest, founder of a Milan found¬ 
 ling hospital, YII. 347, 1 b. 
 
 Datu'ra, genus of narcotic plants, Y. 700. 
 D. stramonium, 2 a (ill.). D. ferox, 2 c. 
 D. arborea (Brugmansia), 701, 1 a (ill.). 
 Daub, Karl [dowp], German theologian, V. 701. 
 Daubenton, Louis Jean Marie [d6-ba ng -to Dg ], 
 French naturalist, Y. 701. Marguerite, nov¬ 
 elist, 702, 1 ab. 
 
 Dau'beny, Charles Giles Bridle, English nat¬ 
 ural philosopher, Y. 702. 
 
 D’Aubigne : see Mekle d’AubignI:. 
 
 Daucus carota (botany), IY. 31, 2 ab. 
 
 Daudin, Francois Marie [do-da ng ], French nat¬ 
 uralist, Y. 702. 
 
 Daughters of charity , religious order, YII. 
 427, 1 b. 
 
 Daulis, ancient city of Greece, Y. 702. 
 Daumas, Melchior Joseph Eugene [do-mas], 
 French soldier and author, Y. 702. 
 
 Daumat : see Domat. 
 
 Daumer, Prof, [dow'-mer], (Georg Friedrich, 
 born 1800): see Hauser, Kaspar. 
 
 Daun, Leopold Joseph Maria, count [down], 
 Austrian general, Y. 702. 
 
 Daunians, early Italian race, IX. 439, 1 be. 
 Daunou, Pierre Claude Francois [do-noo], 
 French scholar and politician, Y. 702. 
 Daunus , king (in Apulia), YI. 121, 2 c. 
 Dauphin, title, Y. 703. 
 
 Dauphin, county, Y. 703. 
 
 Dauphine [do-fe-na]: see Dauphiny. 
 Dau'phiny, old province of France, Y. 703. 
 
 History, 2 a. Dialect of, XIY. 39, 2 b. 
 Dav'enant, Sir William, English dramatist, 
 Y. 703. Charles, political writer, 704, 1 b. 
 Dav'enport, city of Iowa, Y. 704. 
 
 Davenport, John, Puritan preacher, Y. 705. 
 First constitution of the Connecticut colony, 
 1 be. The regicides Goffe and Whalley, 1 c. 
 Davey's powder, explosive, YII. 35, 2 a. 
 
 D’ Av'ezac, Auguste Genevieve Y alentin, Amer¬ 
 ican lawyer, Y. 705. 
 
 D'Avezac, M., on the date of Sebastian Cabot’s 
 map, and his nationality, III. 530, 1 a and be. 
 David, king of Israel, Y. 705; YIII. 586, 1 c. 
 David II.: see Bruce, III. 352, 2 b. 
 
 David, city of: see Zion. Tomb of, IX. C17, 2 c. 
 
 David, Fffiicien Cesar [da-veed], French com¬ 
 poser, Y. 706. (Died 1876.) 
 
 David, Ferdinand [da'-vit], German musician, 
 Y. 706. 
 
 David, Jacques Louis, French painter, Y. 706. 
 
 David, Pierre Jean, French sculptor, Y. 707. 
 
 Davidis , anti-Trinitarian, XY. 145, 2 c. 
 
 Davids , torpedoes, XY. 805, 2 be. 
 
 Davids, John , pseudonyme : see Dixwell. 
 
 Davidson, three counties, Y. 707. 
 
 Davidson, Lucretia Maria, American poetess, 
 Y. 707. Margaret Miller, 708, 1 a. 
 
 Davidson College, village and college of 
 North Carolina, Y. 708. 
 
 Davie, county, Y. 708. 
 
 Davies, Charles, American mathematician, Y. 
 708. (Died 1876.) 
 
 Davies, Sir John, English lawyer and poet, 
 Y. 708. 
 
 Davies, Samuel, American theologian, Y. 708. 
 
 Daviess [da'-vis], three counties, Y. 708. 
 
 Daviess, Joseph Hamilton (Jo Daviess), Amer¬ 
 ican lawyer and soldier, Y. 709. 
 
 Davila, Enrico Caterino [da'-ve-la], Italian 
 historian, Y. 709. 
 
 Davila , Spanish adventurer, II. 236, 1 c. 
 
 Davis, four counties, Y. 710. 
 
 Davis, photographs of the sun’s corona by, 
 XY. 475, 1 b. 
 
 Davis, Andrew Jackson, American clairvoyant, 
 Y. 710. 
 
 Davis, Charles Henry, naval officer, Y. 710. 
 
 Davis, Edwin Hamilton, physician and archae¬ 
 ologist, Y. 711. 
 
 Davis, Henry, clergyman, Y. 711. 
 
 Davis, Henry Winter, statesman, Y. 711. 
 
 Davis, Jefferson, American soldier and states¬ 
 man, Y. 711. U. S. senator, 712, 1 c. Secre¬ 
 tary of war, 2 ab. Again senator, 2 b. Ac¬ 
 tive in the secession conspiracy, 713, 1 a. 
 President of the Confederate States, 1 c. 
 His unpopularity after great reverses, 714, 
 2 b. Acknowledges the failure of all re¬ 
 sources, 2 c. Surrender of Lee’s army, 716, 
 2 a. Imprisonment and release, 2 b-c. 
 
 Davis, Jefferson C., American soldier, V. 717. 
 
 Davis, John, English navigator, V. 717; I. 
 669, 1 a. His back staff, XII. 180, 2 c. 
 
 Davis, John, American jurist, Y. 717. 
 
 Davis, Sir John Francis, English diplomatist 
 and orientalist, V. 717. 
 
 Davis, Matthew L., American writer, Y. 717- 
 
 Davis, Thomas, Irish poet, V. 717. 
 
 Davis Strait, North Atlantic, Y. 718. 
 
DAVOS 
 
 DE BAY 
 
 253 
 
 Davos [da'-voce], valley of Switzerland, Y. 
 718. Davos am Platz [am plats], watering 
 place, 1 b. 
 
 Davocst, or Davout, Louis Nicolas [da-voo], 
 French marshal, Y. 718. 
 
 Davy, Sir Humphry, English chemist, Y. 718. 
 His chemical lectures and discoveries, 1 b; 
 YII. 83, 2 b. His discovery of the action of 
 marine plants upon the air, Y. 719, 1 a. 
 Miner’s safety lamp, 2 c; X. 130, 2 c, 131, 
 1 a (ill.). Priority of his invention disputed, 
 Y. 720, 1 a. Experiments in electro-chem¬ 
 istry, IY. 366, 2 be. Heat and mechanical 
 motion demonstrated to be convertible terms, 
 VIII. 567, 2 c; V. 378, 1 c. His discovery 
 of chloride of nitrogen, VII. 38, 2 b. His 
 kindness to Faraday, 82, 2 be. Compound 
 character of potash and soda proved by him, 
 597,1 b; IY. 366, 2 c. Discovery in electro¬ 
 magnetism, YI. 513, 2 b. Development of 
 heat by friction, YII. 491, 2 be.—John, phy¬ 
 sician, Y. 720, 2 c. His experiments on the 
 blood, II. 733, 1 b, c; 735,1 be. 
 
 Daica , tree, YII. 110, 1 c. 
 
 Dawamoli , tree, YII. 110, 1 c. 
 
 Dawes, Rufus, American poet, Y. 721. 
 
 Dawison, Bogumil [da'-ve-sun], Polish actor, 
 Y. 721. 
 
 Dawson, three counties, Y. 721. 
 
 Dawson, county seats, V. 721, 2 a (now Plum 
 Creek); XY. 662, 2 b. 
 
 Dawson, John William, Canadian geologist, Y. 
 
 721. On the deposits of the drift formation, 
 YI. Ill, 2 c, 113, 2 a. Examinations of fos¬ 
 sil footprints by him, YII. 342, 1 c, 2 a, b. 
 
 Dawsonville , county seat, Y. 721, 2 a. 
 
 Dax, town of France, Y. 722. 
 
 Day, Y. 722. Sidereal, 1 b; astronomical, 
 1 b and c; mean solar, 1 c. Mean solar 
 and apparent time, ib. Equation of time, ib. 
 
 Day, Jeremiah, president of Yale college, Y. 
 
 722. 
 
 Day, Stephen, first printer in New England, 
 Y. 722. 
 
 Day, Thomas, English author and philanthro¬ 
 pist, Y. 723. 
 
 Day boo/c, in bookkeeping, III. 81, 1 a. 
 
 Day cloud , IV. 710, 1 be. 
 
 Day fly: see XI ay fly , XI. 302, 2 b. 
 
 Day of the barricades , VIII. 315, 2 c. 
 
 Day of the slaves: see Diana, YI. 77, 2 be. 
 
 Day's eye: see Daisy. 
 
 Days of abstinence , YII. 93, 1 b. 
 
 Days of grace, in law, XII. 214, 2 c. 
 
 Dayton, city of Ohio, Y. 723. 
 
 Dayton , county seat, X. 755, 1 c. 
 
 Dayton, Elias, American military officer, Y. 
 
 724. Jonathan, statesman, 1 c. William 
 Lewis, statesman, 2 a. 
 
 Deacon, in the Christian church, Y. 724. 
 Deaconess, in the early Christian church, Y. 
 
 725. Modern institution of deaconesses, 1 c. 
 Deacon's book: see Missal, XI. 635, 2 be. 
 Dead-eyes , in a ship, XIY. 865, 1 ab. 
 
 Deadly nightshade , II. 501, 1 a. 
 
 Dead reckoning , in navigation, XII. 181, 2 b. 
 Dead Sea, Y. 725 ; X. 751,1 be. Analyses of 
 its water, Y. 727, 1 c. 
 
 Dead sea of California , III. 601, 2 a. 
 
 Deaf and Dumb, Y. 727. Tables of, 728-’9. 
 Causes of deafness, 729, 1 c; YI. 352, 1 b. 
 Deaf-mute education, Y. 730, 1 ab; first 
 suggested, I. 193, 1 c; first systematic at¬ 
 tempt, Y. 730, 2 ab. Schools in Great Brit¬ 
 ain, 731, 2 c; in Germany, 732, 1 c; in 
 France, 733, 1 ab; in America, 734, 1 b ; in 
 Canada, 2 c. Table of American institu¬ 
 tions, 735. Existing institutions in Europe, 
 736, 1 b, ff. Psychical condition and meth¬ 
 ods of education, 737, 2 a. Language of 
 signs, 738, 2 be. Manual alphabets : double¬ 
 hand, 739 ; single-hand, 740: see Bonet, and 
 Dalgarno. Legal status, 740, 2 c. Num¬ 
 ber who have attained eminence, 741, 1 a. 
 Deaf adder , Y. 321, 1 a. 
 
 Deafness , extent of, Y. 727, 2 c. Causes of, 
 729, 1 c; YI. 352, 1 b. 
 
 Dear, Ferencz [da'-ak], Hungarian statesman, 
 Y. 741; IX. 61, 2 ab. (Died 1876.) 
 
 Deal, borough of England, Y. 741. 
 
 Dean, title, Y. 741. In the English church, 
 742, 1 c. 
 
 Dean of the arches , I. 649, 2 c. 
 
 Deane, James, American physician, V. 742. 
 Deane, Silas, American diplomatist, Y. 742. 
 Relations between him and Arthur Lee, X. 
 296, 2 c, 297, 1 ab. 
 
 Dean Forest, England, Y. 743; VIII. 38, 1 b. 
 Dearborn [deer'-burn], county, V. 743. 
 Dearborn, Henry, American general, Y. 743. 
 Henry. Alexander Scammell, lawyer, author, 
 and politician, 2 b. 
 
 Dearborn observatory , Chicago, IY. 405, 2 c. 
 Death , violent: see Medical Jurisprudence. 
 Death of Basel, epidemic, II. 358, 1 b. 
 
 Death Watch, insect, Y. 743 (ill.). 
 
 Debajy Oghlu, Armenian priest, I. 726, 1 c. 
 
 De Bay : see Baius. 
 
254 
 
 DEBENTURE 
 
 DEEMSTERS 
 
 Debenture, in commerce, Y. 744. 
 
 Debra birhan, part of Gondar, VIII. 97, 1 a. 
 Debra Libanos and Debra Damo, Abyssinian 
 convents, I. 49, 1 ab. 
 
 Debreczin [deb'-ret-sin], town of Hungary, Y. 
 744. 
 
 Debt, imprisonment for: see Acton Burnell, 
 and Y. 745, 2 a, b. Abolition of, 2 c, and 
 746, 1 a, ff. 
 
 Debtor and Creditor, Y. 745. In ancient 
 countries, 1 ab. In the United States, 2 be, 
 and 746, 1 c. In England, 746, 1 ab. In 
 France, 2 c. 
 
 Debtor" 1 s right of sanctuary, II. 49, 2 a and b. 
 Debtors ’ sanctuary, in Edinburgh, VI. 406,1 be; 
 II. 49, 2 ab. 
 
 Decalogue, Y. 747; VIII. 583, 2 c. 
 
 Decamps, Alexandre Gabriel [duh-ka ng ], French 
 painter, Y. 747. 
 
 De Candolle : see Candolle. 
 
 Dec'apods, crustaceans, Y. 747. 
 
 Decap'olis, district of Palestine, Y. 747. 
 Deca'tur, four counties, Y. 747. 
 
 Decatur, village of Georgia, Y. 748. 
 
 Decatur, city of Illinois, Y. 748. 
 
 Decatur, county seats, I. 82, 1 b; XI. 363, 1 a; 
 XYI. 688, 2 c. 
 
 Decatur, Stephen, American naval officer, Y. 
 
 748. Stephen, jr., 2 c. 
 
 Decaturville, county seat, Y. 748, 1 a. 
 Decazes, Rlie, duke [diih-kaz], French states¬ 
 man, Y. 750. 
 
 Decazeville, town of France, Y. 750. 
 
 Deccan, The, region of India, Y. 750; IX. 
 201, 1 b. 
 
 Deccanese', Hindoo dialect, IX. 217, 1 a. 
 Deceb'alus, king: see Dacia, and Trajan. 
 December, month, Y. 750. 
 
 December liberties, saturnalia at Christmas, IY. 
 551, 1 a. 
 
 Decemvirs, Roman magistrates, Y. 751. De¬ 
 cemviri legibus scribendis, 1 a; litibus judi- 
 candis, 1 c; sacris faciundis, ib. 
 Decephalization, XIII. 429, 1 a. 
 
 Decetia : see Decize. 
 
 De Charms, Richard, American clergyman, V. 
 751. 
 
 Decigramme [des'-e-gram]: see Gramme. 
 Decimal, Y. 751. Origin of decimal notation, 
 XIY. 615, 2 ab. Supposed (modern) inven¬ 
 tor of, III. 569, 1 a. 
 
 Decimal scale of numbers, I. 708, 1 b. 
 
 Decime [da-seem]: see Franc, YII. 365, 2 b. 
 Decius, Caius Messius Quintus Trajanus, em¬ 
 
 peror of Rome, Y. 751. His persecution of 
 the Christians, 752, 1 a; 615, 1 ab. 
 
 Decius Mus, Publius, three Roman consuls, Y. 
 752. 
 
 Decize [duh-seez], town of France, Y. 752. 
 Deck beams, of a ship, XIV. 861, 2 ab. 
 
 Decken, Karl Klaus von der, German travel¬ 
 ler, Y. 752. 
 
 Decker, Jeremias de, Dutch poet, Y. 752. 
 Decker, Thomas, English dramatist, Y. 752. 
 Deckle, frame in paper making, XIII. 49, 1 a. 
 Declaration of Independence , of the United 
 States, movement in Virginia preparatory to 
 it, X. 292, 2 a. Passage of it in congress, 
 IX. 590, 1 c. Authorship of, I. 87, 2 b ; IX. 
 590, 2 a. Text of, XYI. 157, 1 c, ff. 
 Declaration of indulgence, by King James II., 
 
 IX. 518, 2 ab; YI. 628, 2 a. 
 
 Declaration of rights, by the continental con¬ 
 gress, XYI. 155, 2 be. 
 
 Declarations of the French clergy: see Galli- 
 can Church, YII. 578, 2 a. 
 
 Declination, in astronomy, XII. 181, 2 be. 
 
 How found, XY. 843, 1 a; 845, 1 a. 
 
 Decline, the: see Consumption, Y. 282, 1 c. 
 Decolorizers: see Bone Black, III. 62, 2 a. 
 Decollated univalves, Y. 202, 2 b. 
 
 Deco'rah, county seat, XYI. 670, 2 c. 
 Decorticated bivalves, V. 202, 2 b. 
 
 Decreta, sentences of the Roman imperial tri¬ 
 bunal, IY. 620, 2 c. Decreta of church 
 councils, Y. 423, 2 b. 
 
 Decretals, papal, Y. 752. Isidorian, 2 c. 
 Decretum, collection of canon law, III. 719,1 a. 
 Decumano'rum Colo'nia (Narbonne), XII. 143, 
 2 b. 
 
 Decuma'tes A'gri , tract of land in Germany. 
 
 IY. 127, 2 c. 
 
 Decurio'nes, Roman magistrates, Y. 753. 
 Decussation, in anatomy, XII. 237,. 2 c. 
 Dedham, town of Massachusetts, Y. 753. 
 Dediticii, Roman freedmen, YII. 469, 1 c. 
 
 De donis, statute, Y. 150, 2 a. 
 
 Deductor, kind of dolphin, YI. 193, 1 a. 
 
 Dee, river of Wales, Y. 753. Of Scotland 
 (two), 2 b. Of Ireland, 2 be. 
 
 Dee, John, English astrologer, Y. 753. 
 
 Deed, in law, Y. 754. Indenture, in English 
 conveyancing, 1 c; deed poll, 2 a. Consid¬ 
 eration, 2 b. At common law, 755, 1 a. 
 Recording of deeds, 2 be. 
 
 Deed of Declaration, Wesley’s, XI. 452,1 be, 2 b. 
 Deems, Charles F., American clergyman, Y. 756. 
 Deemsters' courts, in the Isle of Man, XI. 87,1 a. 
 
DEEP 
 
 DELAROCIIE 
 
 255 
 
 Deep River, North Carolina, V. 756. 
 
 Deep Rock Spring water, XII. 727, 1 c. 
 
 Deep-sea fauna, YI. 258, 1 c; 259, 2 c. 
 
 Deep-Sea Soundings : see Atlantic Ocean, 
 II. 69, 2 a; Dredging, Deep-Sea; and Hy¬ 
 drography, IX. 114, 1 a. 
 
 Deer, Y. 756. Anatomical description, 2 a. 
 Classification, 757,1 ab. Spotted axis, 758, 
 1 b (ill.). Guazupuco deer, 2 a (ill.). Ameri¬ 
 can deer, 2 c (ill., 759). Californian or black¬ 
 tailed deer, 760, 1 a (ill.). Mule deer, 2 b 
 (ill.). Age of, liow indicated, 1.183,1 c, 2 a. 
 
 Deerberry, XYI. 674, 2 ab. 
 
 Deerfield, town of Massachusetts, Y. 761. 
 Indian massacre, 2 a. French and Indian 
 massacre, 2 b. 
 
 Deer Grass, Y. 761 (ill.). Meadow beauty, 
 762, 1 a. 
 
 Deerhound, English yacht, XIY. 763, 1 c. 
 
 Deer Lodge, county, Y. 762. 
 
 Deer Lodge, county seat, Y. 762, 1 ab. 
 
 Deer-sheep, XIY. 91, 1 ab. 
 
 DeeSs-tongue, plant, XYI. 261, 2 c. 
 
 De estoveriis habendis, writ, YI. 742, 1 c. 
 
 Defamation, in law, X. 394, 2 a. 
 
 Defeasance, Deed of, Y. 762; XI. 851, 1 ab. 
 
 Defenders: see Orangemen, XII. 667, 1 b. 
 
 Deffand, Marie, marquise du [dti da-fa ng ], Y. 
 762; X. 369, 2 a. 
 
 Defiant: see Deffand. 
 
 Defiance, county, Y. 762. 
 
 Defiance, county seat, Y. 762, 2 ab. 
 
 Defibrer, instrument for making wood pulp, 
 XIII. 48, 1 b. 
 
 Defilement, in fortification, YII. 333, 2 b. 
 
 Defiagrator, Hare’s, YIII. 458, 2 c. 
 
 Defoe, Daniel, English novelist and political 
 writer, Y. 762. His political tracts and 
 satires, 763, 1 a. “Robinson Crusoe,” 2 b. 
 Other works, 2 c. His device to promote 
 the sale of “ Drelincourt on Death,” 764,1 a; 
 VI. 260, 1 b. 
 
 De Forest, John William, American author, 
 V. 764. 
 
 De Geer: see Geer, Karl do. 
 
 Deger, Ernst [da'-gher],German painter, V. 764. 
 
 De Gerando : see Gerando. 
 
 Degree, Y. 764. In algebra, 2 b. In trigo¬ 
 nometry, ib. Of latitude, ib. Of longitude, 
 765, 1 a. 
 
 De Grey , Earl: see Ripon. 
 
 De hceretico comburendo , act, X. 587, 1 b. 
 
 Dehis'cence, in botany, XIII. 590, 2 ab. Locu- 
 licidal dehiscence, 591, 1 be; septicidal, ib. 
 
 Dehli [da'-le]: see Delhi. 
 
 Dehn, Siegfried Wilhelm [dain], German mu¬ 
 sician, Y. 765. 
 
 De Hondt: see Canisius, Petrus. 
 
 Dehra Doon: see Deyra Doon. 
 
 Deioces [de-i'-o-seez]: see Media, XI. 332, 2 c. 
 
 Deiopeia bella [de-i-o-pe'-ya], moth, XI. 868, 
 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Deiotarus [de-i-ot'-a-rus], king of Galatia, 
 YIII. 557, 2 b. 
 
 Deipara [de-ip'-a-ra], (mother of God): see 
 Mary, XI. 217, 2 ab, be (Qeo-nkof); com¬ 
 pare Nestorius, XII. 241, 2 c. Controversy 
 in the Abyssinian church, I. 48, 2 c. 
 
 Deir el-Kamr [dair el-kamr’]: see Druses, 
 YI. 275, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Deirochelys reticula'ta [di-rok'-e-lis], terrapin, 
 XV. 661, 2 c. 
 
 DkjAZET, Pauline Yirginie [da-zka-za], French 
 actress, Y. 765. (Died 1875.) 
 
 Dejean, Pierre Francois Marie Auguste, count 
 [duh-zha ng ], French general and entomolo¬ 
 gist, Y. 765. 
 
 De Ju're Belli et Pads, by Grotius, its influ¬ 
 ence on international law, X. 222, 2 b. 
 
 Dejure quiritio, in Roman law, I. 191, 2 c. 
 
 De Kalb [de kalb], six counties, Y. 765. 
 
 De Kalb, county seat, IX. 786, 1 c. 
 
 De Kalb, John, baron, general in the Ameri¬ 
 can army, Y. 766. 
 
 De Kay, Dr. (James E., 1792-1851), American 
 naturalist, his division of fishes, IX. 162, 
 1 ab; classification of reptiles, YIII. 695, 1 c. 
 
 Dekker, Jeremias de: see Decker. 
 
 Dekker, Thomas: see Decker. 
 
 De la Beche, Sir Henry Thomas [deh la baisb], 
 English geologist, Y. 766. 
 
 Delacroix, Ferdinand Victor Eugene [duh- 
 la-krwa], French painter, Y. 766. 
 
 Delago'a Bay, Africa, Y. 767. 
 
 De la Guard, Theodore, pseudonyme, XYI. 
 449, 2 a. 
 
 Delambre, Jean Baptiste Joseph [duh-la ng br’], 
 French astronomer, Y. 767. 
 
 De Lancey, William Heathcote, American 
 bishop, Y. 767. 
 
 Delane', William Augustus Frederick, English 
 journalist, Y. 767. John Thaddeus, editor of 
 the London “Times,” 2 c. (Retired 1877.) 
 
 De la Rame, Louisa (Ouida), [deh la ra-ma'J, 
 English novelist, V. 767. 
 
 De la Rive: see La Rive. 
 
 Delarociie, Paul [dull -la-rush], French painter, 
 Y. 768. 
 
256 
 
 DELAROCHE 
 
 DELTA 
 
 Delaroche and Berard [ba-rar], their method 
 for determining specific heat of gases, VIII. 
 576, 1 a. 
 
 Delaunay, Charles Eugene [duh-ld-na], French 
 astronomer, Y. 768. 
 
 Delavigne, Jean Francois Casimir [duh-la- 
 veeny 1 ], French poet, Y. 768. 
 
 Del'aware, state, Y. 769. State seal, ib. 
 Population, 2 c. Physical features, 770, 1 c. 
 Climate, 2 b. Soil and productions, 2 c. 
 Industries, 771, 2 a. Commerce, 1 b. In¬ 
 tercommunication, 1 c. Constitution and 
 government, 2 c. Finances, 772, 2 b. Edu¬ 
 cation, 773, 1 c. Churches, 774, 1 ab. His¬ 
 tory, 1 b. 
 
 Delaware, five counties, Y. 774. 
 
 Delaware, or Delaware Court House, town 
 of Ohio, Y. 775. 
 
 Delaware, Lord: see Delawarr. 
 
 Delaware Bay, Y. 775. 
 
 Delaware breakwater , III. 238, 1 ab (ill.). 
 
 Delaware and Hudson canal , III. 686, 2 be; 
 I. 552, 1 be. 
 
 Delaware River, V. 776. 
 
 Delawares, Indian tribe, Y. 776. 
 
 Delaware Water Gap , Y. 776, 1 b. 
 
 Delaware, Thomas West, lord, governor of 
 Virginia, Y. 778. Charles Richard Sack- 
 ville-West, present Earl Delawarr, 1 c. 
 
 Del'bruck, Martin Friedrich Rudolph, German 
 statesman, Y. 778. 
 
 Del credere commission : see Factor, VII. 
 55, 1 c. 
 
 Delegations , of the Papal States, X. 318, 2 b. 
 
 Delenda est Carthago: see Cato, IV. 123, 1 c. 
 
 Delescluze, Louis Charles [duh-la-kliiz], 
 French revolutionist, Y. 778. 
 
 Delessert, Benjamin [duh-la-sair], French 
 financier and naturalist, Y. 778. 
 
 Deleuze [duh-luz], historian of animal magne¬ 
 tism, I. 526, 2 a. 
 
 Delft, town of the Netherlands, Y. 778. Town 
 hall (ill.), 779. Delft religious association 
 (Christo sacrum ), 1 c. Delft Haven, 2 a. 
 
 Delftshaven [delfts'-ha-ven]: see Delft, Y. 
 779, 2 a. 
 
 Delft Ware, V. 779; XIII. 782, 2 a. 
 
 Deliii [del'-e], city of British India, Y. 779 ; 
 view, 780. History, 2 c. Capital of the 
 Mogul empire, 781, 1 a. Mutiny of 1857, 1 b. 
 
 Delhi [del'-hf], county seats, Y. 775, 1 a, 2 b. 
 
 Delhi canal , IX. 713, 1 a. 
 
 Deli'lah: see Samson. 
 
 Delille, Jacques [duh-leel], French poet, Y. 781. 
 
 Deliniers, Jacques Antoine Marie [duh-le- 
 nyair], viceroy of Buenos Ayres, Y. 781. 
 Delirium ebriositatis: see Delirium Tremens. 
 Delirium of labor, XIV. 70, 1 a. 
 
 Delirium Tremens, Y. 781. Treatment, 782,1 c. 
 Delisle : see Lisle. 
 
 Delitzsch [da'-litch], town of Prussia, Y. 782. 
 Delitzsch, Franz, German theologian, Y. 782. 
 Delius, Nikolaus [da'-le-oos], German scholar, 
 Y. 782. 
 
 Delivery , in law, II. 310, 2 a; Y. 145, 2 b; 
 
 VII. 446, 2 c. See Livery of Seisin. 
 
 Della Crusca , academy, I. 50,1 c; VII. 276, 2 a. 
 
 Dictionary of the, I. 50, 1 c; YI. 94, 1 be. 
 Della Cruscan school of poetry , in England, 
 
 VI. 642, 2 c; VII. 804, 1 be. 
 
 Del Nor'te, county, Y. 782. 
 
 Del Norte , county seat, XIY. 341, 2 a. 
 
 De V Obel: see Lobel. 
 
 Delolme, Jean Louis [duh-lolm], Swiss author, 
 Y. 783. 
 
 Delorme, Marion [duh-lorm], French courte¬ 
 san, Y. 783. 
 
 De'los, Grecian island, Y. 783: see Latona. 
 
 Confederacy of, II. 55, 2 c; VIII. 190, 2 c. 
 Delpech, Jacques Mathieu [del-pesli], French 
 surgeon, Y. 784. 
 
 Delphi, town of ancient Greece, Y. 784. Site, 
 
 1 c (ill., 785). Legendary origin of its tem¬ 
 ple, ib. Sacred wars, 2 be. Description, 
 785, 1 a. Pythia, priestess of the oracle, 
 
 2 ab. Castalian fountain, 2 be. Oracle of, 
 2 a; XII. 660, 1 c. 
 
 Delphi , county seat, IY. 30, 1 b. 
 Delphinap'terus (zoology), YI. 192, 2 c. D. 
 Peronii, ib. 
 
 Delphin Classics, Y. 785; IX. 31, 2 a. 
 Delphin'ia , extract, Y. 786, 1 a. 
 
 Delphinic acid: see Valerianic Acid. 
 Delphinidce , dolphin family: see Dolphin. 
 Delphinium, genus of plants, V. 785. D. sta- 
 phisagria, 2 c (ill., 786). D. ajacis (ill.), 786, 
 2 a. D. elatum (ill.), ib. Perennial delphin¬ 
 iums, 1 c. Other species. 
 
 Delphinorhyn'chus (zoology), YI. 193, 1 be. 
 D. rnicropterus, 1 c. 
 
 Delphi'nus (zoology), YI. 190, 2 b. D. del phis, 
 191, 2 c (ill., 192). D. tursio, 192, 2 a (ill.). 
 D. plumbeus, &c., ib ., ff. 
 
 Delta, two counties, Y. 786. 
 
 Delta , of the Mississippi, I. 338, 2 b, XI. 660 v 
 2 c; Ganges and Brahmapootra, I. 338, 2 c, 
 
 VII. 610, 2 a; Nile, XII. 451, 2 c. 
 
 Delta , nom de plume : see Moir. 
 
DELTOIDES 
 
 Deltoi'des (moths), XI. 870, 1 a. 
 
 Deluo, Jean Andre [duh-liik], physicist, V. 
 
 787. Guillaume Antoine, naturalist, 2 a. 
 Deluge, the Noachian, Y. 787. Ancient tra¬ 
 ditions, 1 ab. The Chaldean account, 2 c; 
 577, 1 be (ill.). Was the deluge universal? 
 
 788, 1 c. Date of, according to the text of 
 the Hebrew Scriptures, IY. 559, 1 b. Diffi¬ 
 culties of that date, ib. Effects attributed to 
 the deluge: see Geology, YII. 687, 2 b; 688, 
 1 ab, c, 2 a. 
 
 Delus : see Delos. 
 
 Delvigne's pistol [del-veeny’j, XIII. 544, 2 c 
 (ill.). Delvigne’s rifle, XIY. 329, 2 be (ill.). 
 Demades [dem'-a-deez], Athenian statesman 
 and orator, Y. 788. Enemy of Demosthenes, 
 800, 1 a. Peace of, XIII. 408, 1 ab. 
 Demand , waiver of, XII. 214, 2 be. 
 
 Demarch [de'-mark]: see Demos. 
 
 Demavend', Mount, Y. 788. 
 
 Dem'bea, Lake: see Tzana. 
 
 Dembin'ski, Henryk, Polish general, V. 788. 
 Deme: see Demos. Referred to, II. 55, 2 ab. 
 
 Admission to membership in, XII. 160, 1 c. 
 De medietate linguae (a jury), I. 314, 1 b, c. 
 Dementia: see Idiocy, IX. 170, 1 be; Insani¬ 
 ty, 305, 2 b. 
 
 Demerara [dem-e-ra'-ra], river, Y. 789. 
 Demerara, division: see Guiana, YIII. 302, 
 1 b. 
 
 Demesne [de-meen']: see Domain. 
 
 Deme'tce , Celtic tribe, XYI. 427, 2 a. 
 
 Deme'ter : see Ceres. 
 
 Demetrius, name of several Russian princes, 
 Y. 789. Pseudo-Demetrius, 2 ab. See Godu- 
 noff. 
 
 Demetrius Puale'reus, Athenian orator and 
 statesman, Y. 790; I. 291, 2 b. His mista¬ 
 ken policy in leaving Greece undefended, 
 IY. 61, 1 c. 
 
 Demetrius Poliorce'tes, king of Macedonia, 
 Y. 790. His regard for art, XIY. 33, 1 a. 
 Demetrius (I.) Soter, king of Syria, Y. 791. 
 
 Demetrius Nicator, 2 b; I. 287, 2 c. 
 
 Demetz , Frederic Auguste [duh-mace]: see Met- 
 
 TRAY. 
 
 De Meurs [deh murce]: see Meursius. 
 Dem'idoff, a Russian noble family, Y. 791. 
 Nikita, manufacturer, 2 b. Akinfi, mine 
 owner, ib. Pavel, patron of science, 2 be. 
 Nicolai, soldier and economist, 2 c. Anato¬ 
 li, prince, 792, 1 a; III. 29, 2 b. 
 
 Demies [de-mize'], scholars in Magdalen col¬ 
 lege, Oxford, XII. 764, 2 a. 
 
 17 
 
 DEMOURS 257 
 
 Dem'iurge : see Gnostics, YIII. 53, 1 a. Defi¬ 
 nition of, XII. 704, 1 b. 
 
 Demiurgi , I. 63, 1 ab (Acii^ean League). 
 Demme [dem'-mSh], Hermann Christoph Gott¬ 
 fried, German theologian and poet, Y. 792. 
 Charles Rudolph, American clergyman, 1 c. 
 Wilhelm Ludwig, German jurist, 2 a. Her¬ 
 mann, professor of medicine, ib. Karl Her¬ 
 mann, physician, ib. 
 
 Demmin [dem-meen'J, town of Prussia, Y. 792. 
 Demmit, county, Y. 792. 
 
 Democe'des, Greek physician, Y. 792. 
 Democracy , free , political party, XYI. 255, 1 c, 
 Democrat , name applied offensively to Jeffer¬ 
 son’s party, I. 90, 1 c, 91, 1 a; adopted by 
 Jackson’s adherents, 103, 1 b. 
 
 Democratic body politic, the first formed on the 
 American continent, III. 742, 2 a. 
 Democ'ritus, Greek philosopher, Y. 793. His 
 atomistic theory, 1 b; XIII. 437, 2 a (Phi¬ 
 losophy). His views concerning heat, YIII. 
 567, 1 b. 
 
 Democritus , Ghristianus, pseudonyme, YI. 128, 
 
 1 a. 
 
 Dem'odcx (epizoa), YI. 694, 2 ab. D. follicu- 
 lorum, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 De Modo Agri , Roman law, I. 192, 1 c. 
 Demoivre, Abraham: see Moivre. 
 
 Demol'ogos , first war steamer, YII. 526, 2 be. 
 Demonol'ogy, V. 793. Of the Buddhists, 1 c; 
 Persians, 2 b; Egyptians, 794, 1 a; Greeks, 
 
 1 b; Jews, 1 c; of the middle ages, cabal- 
 ists, &c., 2 a. Infernal court (of demons), 
 
 2 c. Demons and sorcerers, practices of, 
 795, 1 a. Sorcery, or black magic, 1 c. In¬ 
 vocation of demons, 2 b. Diseases attributed 
 to them, 796, 1 a. 
 
 Demonomania , instance of, Y. 796, 2 a. 
 Demons: see Demonology. Demon of Socrates, 
 794, 1 c. Good and evil demons first distin¬ 
 guished, ib. Demon Leonard, 795, 1 b. 
 Dem'ophon, guardian of Demosthenes, II. 797, 
 2 a; Y. 797, 2 a. 
 
 De Morgan, Augustus, English mathematician, 
 Y. 796. On logic, X. 581, 1 be, 2 be. 
 De'mos, district of Attica, Y. 797. 
 Demosthenes [de-mos'-the-neez], Athenian gen¬ 
 eral, Y. 797; YIII. 192, 2 c, 194, 1 a. 
 Demosthenes, Athenian statesman and orator, 
 Y. 797. Philippics, 798, 1 b. Oration on 
 the crown, 799, 1 c. Imprisoned, 2 be; con¬ 
 demned to death, 800, 1 a. His works, 2 a. 
 Demot'ica, town of Turkey, Y. 800. 
 
 Demours [diih-moor], membrane of, Y. 360, 2 a. 
 
258 
 
 DEMPSTER 
 
 DERBY 
 
 Dempster, John, American clergyman, YI. 5. 
 
 Dempster, Thomas, Scottish professor and 
 author, YI. 5. 
 
 Demurrage, in maritime law, YI. 6. See 
 Shipping, XI Y. 870, 1 be. 
 
 Demurrer, in law, YI. 6; II. 640, 1 a; XIII. 
 607, 2 b. 
 
 Denain [duh-na ng ], town of France, YI. 6. 
 
 Dena'rius, Roman coin, YI. 6 (ill.). D. au¬ 
 reus, 2 b. 
 
 Denbigh [den'-be], town of Wales, VI. 6. 
 
 Denbigh , titles of the earl of, VIII. 450, 1 a. 
 
 Denbighshire, county of Wales, YI. 7. 
 
 Denderah, ruined town of Egypt, YI. 7. 
 Ruins of, 1 c (ill.). Supposed zodiac, 2 ab. 
 
 Dendermonde [den'-der-mon-deh], town of 
 Belgium, YI. 7. 
 
 Den'drites , crystallizations, VII. 196, 1 a. 
 
 Dendro'bium (botany), YI. 8. D. alpestre, 1 b. 
 
 Dendrocolap'tince (ornithology), Y. 478, 1 c. 
 
 Dendrocygna (ornithology), VIII. 107, 2 c. 
 
 Dendroi'ca ces'tiva (ornithology), XYI. 779, 2 ab. 
 
 Dendrol'agus (zoology), IX. 744, 2 b. 
 
 Dendromecon rigidum (botany), XIII. 715, 2 b. 
 
 Dengue [deng'-ga], disease, YI. 8. Treatment, 
 2 b. 
 
 Denham, Dixon [den'-um], English traveller, 
 YI. 8; I. 170, 2 c. 
 
 Denham, Sir John, English poet, YI. 9. 
 
 Denina, Giacomo Maria Carlo [da-ne'-na], Ital¬ 
 ian historian, YI. 9. 
 
 Den'is, Saint [Fr. duh-ne], apostle and bishop 
 of Paris, YI. 9. 
 
 Denison , county seat, V. 466, 1 a. 
 
 Denison university, VIII. 161, 2 b. 
 
 Denizen, in law, YI. 9. 
 
 Deniz'li, town of Asia Minor, YI. 9. 
 
 Denman, Thomas, lord chief justice, YI. 10. 
 
 Denmark, kingdom of Europe, YI. 10. Area 
 and population, 1 c. Physical features, 2 a. 
 Climate, 2 c. Productions, 11, 1 a. Indus¬ 
 try, 1 b. Commerce, 1 c. Sound dues, 2 b ; 
 abolished, 2 c. Intercommunication, 12,1 a. 
 Religion, 1 b. Education, 1 c. Govern¬ 
 ment, 2 a. History, 18, 1 a. 
 
 Denmark, Language and Literature of, YI. 14. 
 
 Dennek, Balthasar, German painter, YI. 19. 
 
 Dennewitz [den'-neh-vitz], count of, III. 432,1 a. 
 
 Dennie, Joseph, American author and journal¬ 
 ist, YI. 19. 
 
 Dennis, town of Massachusetts, YI. 19. 
 
 Dennis, John, English writer, YI. 19. 
 
 Denon, Dominique Yivant, baron [dfih-no ng ], 
 French archaeologist, YI. 20. 
 
 Density, XIII. 719, 1 ab. 
 
 Dent, county, YI. 20. 
 
 Denta'lium, or Tooth Shell, YI. 20. Dentalis, 
 21, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Dentatus, Manius Curius, Roman consul, YI. 
 
 21 . 
 
 Dentibranchiata (mollusca), XI. 723, 1 b. 
 
 Dentine [den'-tin]: see Teeth, XV. 606, 1 b. 
 
 Dentistry, YI. 21. In former times, 2 a. 
 Preservation of the teeth, 22, 2 a. Arti¬ 
 ficial teeth, 23, 2 b. 
 
 Dentition, VI. 24. 
 
 Denton, county, YI. 25. 
 
 Denton , county seats, IY. 14, 2 a; YI. 25, 2 c- 
 
 Dentri'tis, stone, IX. 146, 1 a. 
 
 Denver, capital of Colorado, YI. 25. 
 
 Denys, Saint: see Denis. 
 
 De'odand, in English law, YI. 26. 
 
 Deodar tree, IX. 203, 2 b. 
 
 Deodorizing process, patent, XIII. 373, 1 b. 
 
 Deoghir [de-o-gheer'J: see Dowletabad. 
 
 D’Eon, Chevalier: see Eon. 
 
 De Peyster, Johannes [de pice'-ter], a settler 
 of Hew Amsterdam, VI. 26. Abraham, 
 mayor of Hew York, 2 c. Arent Schuyler, 
 loyalist officer, 27, 1 a. John Watts, mili¬ 
 tary and historical writer, 1 b. 
 
 Dephlogisticated air (oxygen), XII. 769, 1 ab. 
 
 Dephlogisticated marine acid air (chlorine), 
 IY. 501, 2 a. 
 
 Depolarization: see Light, X. 448, 1 b. 
 
 Deposition, in law, YI. 27. In ecclesiastical 
 law, 1 c. 
 
 De Potter, Belgian revolutionist: see Potter. 
 
 Depping, Georges Bernard, French writer, YI. 
 27. 
 
 De Propaganda Fide, Congregatio: see Prop¬ 
 aganda. 
 
 Deptford [dep'-furd], town of England, YI. 27. 
 
 Deputy Grecian, at Christ’s hospital, Y. 49, 
 2 be. 
 
 De Quincey, Thomas, English author, YI. 28. 
 
 Dera Ghazee Khan, town of India, YI. 29. 
 
 Derayeh [da-rl'-eh], town of Arabia, YI. 29. 
 
 Derazi [da-ra'-ze]: see Druses, VI. 272, 2 b. 
 
 Derbend', town of Daghestan, YI. 29 (ill.). 
 
 Derbent: see Derbend. 
 
 Derbets, tribe of Calmucks, III. 623, 1 c. 
 
 Derbidjeh: see Derayeh. 
 
 Derby, town of Connecticut, YI. 29. 
 
 Derby [dar'-be], borough of England, YI. 29. 
 
 Derby, the: see Turf, XYI. 49, 2 c, 50, 1 a. 
 Derby stakes, YI. 698, 2 a. 
 
 Derby, Edward Geoffrey Smitli-Stanley, earl 
 
DERBYSHIRE 
 
 DESNA 
 
 259 
 
 of, British statesman, YI. 30. Edward Hen¬ 
 ry Smith-Stanley, earl of, statesman, 2 c. 
 
 Derbyshire, county of England, YI. 31. High 
 peak, 1 c. Derbyshire diamonds, ib. 
 
 Derbyshire neck (goitre), VIII. 70, 2 a. 
 
 Derbyshire Spar, YI. 31; VII. 292, 1 a. 
 
 Derceto, Syrian Venus: seeMYLiTTA. Temple 
 of, I. 803, 2 c. 
 
 De Religiosis , statute, XI. 853, 2 a ; Y. 150, 2 a. 
 
 De Republica (Cicero’s), palimpsest of, XI. 132, 
 2 ab. 
 
 Derfflinger, Georg von [dairf'-fling-er], Ger¬ 
 man soldier, YI. 31. 
 
 Derg, Lough [lo k h derg], lake of Ireland, YI. 
 31. Expansion of the Shannon, 32, 1 a. 
 
 Derham, William, English clergyman and nat¬ 
 ural philosopher, YI. 32. 
 
 Dermanyssus avium (epizoa), YI. 695, 2 ab (ill.). 
 
 Dermato-skeleton, XIII. 424, 1 a. 
 
 Dermes'tes (entomology), YI. 32 ; II. 476, 2 c. 
 D. lardarius, YI. 32, 1 be (ill.). 
 
 Dermis , true skin, XY. 78, 2 c. 
 
 Der'mody, Thomas, Irish poet, YI. 32. 
 
 Derosne's still [duh-rone], YI. 143, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Derpt [dairpt]: see Dorpat. 
 
 Derrick : see Crane. 
 
 Derry : see Londonderry, X. 621, 1 a. 
 
 Dertosa , ancient city : see Tortosa. 
 
 Dervise [dur'-vis] : See Dervish. 
 
 Dervish, Mohammedan monk, YI. 32 (ill.). 
 Whirling dervishes, 33, 1 a. Their founder, 
 1 ab; his tomb, X. 40, 1 c. Howling der¬ 
 vishes, YI. 33, 1 c. 
 
 Derwent, three rivers in England, YI. 33. 
 
 Derwent, river of Tasmania, YI. 33. 
 
 Derwent water, James Radcliffe, third earl of, 
 English rebel, VI. 33. 
 
 Derzhavin, Gavriil Romanovitch [der-zlia'- 
 vin], Russian poet, YI. 34. 
 
 Desaguadero [da-sa-gwa-da'-ro], river of Bo¬ 
 livia, YI. 34. Plain, 1 c. 
 
 Desaix de Yeygoux, Louis Charles Antoine 
 [diih-za duh va-goo], French general, YI. 34. 
 
 Desamortizacion [da-sa-more-te-tha-the-oan'J, 
 Spanish law of, X. 829, 1 b. 
 
 Desart : see Dysart. 
 
 Desaugiers, Marc Antoine Madeleine [da-zo- 
 zhe-a], French poet, YI. 35. His friendship 
 for Beranger, II. 547, 2 c. 
 
 Desault, Pierre Joseph [duh-zo], French sur¬ 
 geon, YI. 35. 
 
 Des Barres, Joseph Frederick Wallet [da bar], 
 English soldier and hydrographer, YI. 36. 
 
 Desboisii , variety of weigela, XYI. 537, 1 a. 
 
 Descartes, Ren6 [da-kart], French philoso¬ 
 pher, YI. 36. His relation to the progress 
 of thought, 37, 1 c. His fundamental prin¬ 
 ciples, 2 ab. Starting point of his philosophy, 
 ib. ; XIII. 432, 1 b, and 434, 2 a. Founda¬ 
 tion of the later idealism, ib. Ontological 
 argument for the being of a God, 432, 1 c. 
 His philosophical system, 441, 1 a. Des¬ 
 cartes’s laws: see Light, X. 438, 2 c; Op¬ 
 tics, XII. 654, 1 a; emission theory, X. 435, 
 
 1 b. His theory of ether, YI. 746, 1 b. His 
 theory of coordinates, I. 456, 1 a; VII. 701, 
 
 2 b; XI. 276, 2 a. 
 
 Descent, in law, YI. 38. Theory of, VIII. 
 372, 2 b. In Roman law, YI. 38, 2 b. In 
 English common law, 39,1 b. In the United 
 States, 40, 1 c. 
 
 Descent cast , in law, YI. 139, 1 b. 
 
 Deschamps, Abbe [da-sha ng ], instructor of the 
 deaf and dumb, Y. 733, 1 c. 
 
 “ Deseret , State of” XVI. 235, 2 a. 
 
 Deserter, in military affairs, YI. 40. 
 
 Desertion: see Seaman, XIY. 737, 2 ab. 
 
 Desfontaines, Rene Louiche [da-fo ng -tain], 
 French botanist, YI. 41. 
 
 Desful [des-fool'], city of Persia, YI. 41. 
 
 De'sha, county, YI. 41. 
 
 Deshoulieres, Antoinette [da-zoo-lyair], 
 French authoress, YI. 41. 
 
 Deshtistan', region of Persia, XIII. 315, 1 c. 
 
 Desiatina [dez-ya-te'-na], Russian acre, I. 72, 
 2 c. 
 
 Deside'rius , king of the Lombards, IV. 289, 2 c. 
 
 Desire Hazard [da-ze-ra a-zar], pseudonyme, 
 VII. 163, 1 be. 
 
 D Hslon , Dr. [da-lo ng ], mesmerist, I. 525, 2 c. 
 
 Des'man, insectivorous mammal, YI. 41 (ill.). 
 
 Desmarres, Louis Auguste [da-mar], French 
 oculist, YI. 42. 
 
 De Smet , Peter John : see Smet. 
 
 Desmidi'e^e, minute algse, YI. 42 (ills., 43). 
 
 Desmid'ium: see Desmidie^e, YI. 43, 2 b. 
 
 Des Moines [de moin], county, YI. 43. 
 
 Des Moines, capital of Iowa, YI. 44. 
 
 Des Moines River, YI. 44. 
 
 Des'mond, Earls of, Irish family, YI. 45. 
 Jeanne Fitzgerald, countess of, centenarian, 
 2 a. 
 
 Desmoulins, Benoit Camille [da-moo-la ng ], 
 French revolutionist, YI. 45. 
 
 Desmoulins (Antoine, 1796-1828), French nat¬ 
 uralist, his classification of the human race, 
 YI. 754, 1 c. 
 
 Des'na, river of Russia, YI. 46. 
 
260 
 
 DESNOYERS 
 
 DEVISE 
 
 Desnoyees, Auguste Gaspard Louis Boucher, 
 baron [da-nwa-ya], French engraver, VI. 46. 
 
 Desolation island: see Keeguelen, and X. 
 843, 1 b. 
 
 Desoe, Edward, Swiss geologist, VI. 46. 
 
 De Soto, two counties, VI. 46. 
 
 De Soto, Fernando [da so'-to], Spanish ex¬ 
 plorer, VI. 47. 
 
 Despaed', Edward Marcus, Irish soldier, VI. 48. 
 
 Despenser, Hugh le , favorite of Edward II., 
 VI. 434, 2 c. 
 
 Des Plaines [da plain], river of Illinois, VI. 48. 
 
 Despretz [da-pra], (Cesar Mansuete, 1792-1863), 
 French physicist, on conduction of heat, 
 VIII. 572, 1 be, 2 c. Method for determin¬ 
 ing latent heat of vapors, 577, 2 a (ill.). On 
 compression of gases, XIII. 628, 2 c. 
 
 Dessaix, Joseph Marie [da-sa], general, VI. 48. 
 
 Dessalines, Jean Jacques [da-sa-leen], emperor 
 of Hayti, VI. 48. See Hayti, VIII. 552, 
 1 b and c. 
 
 Dessau [des'-sow], city of Germany, VI. 48. 
 
 Dessauer , the old: see Leopold I., prince of 
 Anhalt-Dessau. 
 
 Dessignolle [da-se-nyul], his powder for blast¬ 
 ing, VII. 38, 2 be. 
 
 Dessolles, or Dessolle, Jean Joseph Paul Au¬ 
 gustin, marquis [da-sul], French soldier and 
 statesman, VI. 49. 
 
 D'Este [des'-ta]: see Este, VI. 739, 2 c. 
 
 Desteeeo, Xossa Senhora do [nos'-sa sa-nyo'- 
 ra doo des-tair'-roo], city of Brazil, VI. 49. 
 
 Destouches, Philippe Nericault [da-toosh], 
 French dramatist, VI. 49 ; I. 271, 2 a. 
 
 Destutt de Teacy, Antoine Louis Claude [da- 
 stiit duh tra-se], count de Tracy, French phi¬ 
 losopher, VI. 49. Alexandre Cesar Victor 
 Charles, marquis de Tracy, 50, 1 a. Sarah 
 Newton, marchioness de Tracy, 1 b. 
 
 De Thou: see Tnou, Jacques Auguste de. 
 
 Det'inue , in law, VII. 26, 1 b, 2 a. 
 
 Detmold [det'-molt], city of Germany, VI. 50. 
 
 Deteoit', city of Michigan, VI. 50; view, 51. 
 Founder of, III. 621, 1 a. 
 
 Deteoit Rivee, VI. 53. 
 
 Deuoa'lion, mythical king of Phtliia, VI. 53. 
 
 Deuel, county, VI. 54. 
 
 Denterocanonical books of the Bible , I. 585, 2 a. 
 
 Deuteeon'omy, book of the Bible, VI. 54. 
 
 Deutscli, Emanuel [doitsh], Jewish writer, IX. 
 568, 2 c; XV. 560, 2 c. 
 
 Deutschland [doitsh'-lant]: see Geemany. 
 
 Deutz [doits], town of Prussia, VI. 54. 
 
 Deux Ponts [dub po ng ]: see Zweibeucken. 
 
 Dev : see Demonology, V. 793, 2 b. Referred 
 to, VII. 63, 1 b (Faieies). 
 
 Deva [da'-va], Hindoo word for god, IX. 223, 
 2 ab. Buddhist Devas, V. 793, 1 a. 
 
 Deva, or Deva Castra: see Chestee, IV. 388,1 b. 
 Deva Agung, deified hero, II. 241, 1 b. 
 Devadasee , dancing girl of India, II. 404, 2 c. 
 DevalVs Bluff, county seat, XIII. 802, 2 c. 
 Devanagari [da-va-na'-ga-re]: see Sanskeit, 
 XIV. 612, 1 b. Devanagari alphabet, IX. 
 217, 1 a. 
 
 Devastation, the [da-vas-ta-se-o ng ], iron-clad wa* 
 ship, IX. 379, 2 a; 382, 2 c. 
 
 Development, doctrine of: see Evolution. Op¬ 
 posed: see Logic, X. 583,1 b; also Agassiz, 
 I. 175, 1 a. 
 
 Development, in map drawing, XI. 136, 1 b. 
 Dey'entee, city of Holland, VI. 54. School 
 at, referred to, VIII. 263, 1 c; IX. 786, 2 b. 
 De Veee', Maximilian Scheie, American author, 
 VI. 54. 
 
 Deveeeux [dev'-e-roo]: see Essex, Earl of. 
 
 Probable origin of the name, VII. 18, 2 a. 
 Devi [da'-ve], Hindoo goddess of smallpox, II. 
 605, 2 b. 
 
 Deviation, in marine insurance, IX. 317, 2 ab. 
 Devil, the, in Christian theology, VI. 54. 
 Devil bird: see Y t ellow-hammee. 
 
 Devil Fisn, VI. 55 (ill.). Fictitious monster, 
 56, 1 c. See Goose Fish, VIII. 109, 2 c; 
 Octopus, XII. 577, 2 a. 
 
 Deyille, Charles Sainte - Claire [duh-veel], 
 French geologist, VI. 56 (died 1876). Henri 
 Etienne, chemist, 2 a. See Dissociation. 
 Devil’s Advocate : see Advocatus Diaboli, 
 and III. 716, 2 b. 
 
 DeviVs apron, sea weed, II. 78, 2 c. 
 
 Devil’s Beidge, Switzerland, VI. 56 (ill.). 
 DeviVs CaTion, in California, VII. 785, 2 a. 
 DeviVs darning-needle (dragon fly), VI. 239,1 c. 
 DeviVs Den: see Yellowstone Rivee, XVI. 
 781, 1 c. 
 
 DeviVs ditch, old Roman intrenchment, XII. 
 316, 2 ab. 
 
 DeviVs dust (shoddy), VI. 65, 1 ab. 
 
 DeviVs dye (indigo), IX. 249, 2 c; food for the 
 devil, VI. 339, 1 c. 
 
 DeviVs fingers, fossil remains, II. 485, 1 be. 
 DeviVs leaf, nettle, XII. 254, 2 c. 
 
 Devil’s Mall, Roman remains, VI. 57. 
 Devilwood, American olive, XII. 618, 1 b. 
 Devil worshippers, of southern India, XL 646, 
 2 be. 
 
 Devise, in law, VI. 57. 
 
DEVIZES 
 
 DIANA 
 
 2G1 
 
 Deyi'zes, borough of England, VI. 57. 
 
 Dev'on: see Devonshire. 
 
 Devo'nian, the geologic age of fishes, VI. 57. 
 Its periods, 2 ab. 
 
 Dev'onport, borough of England, VI. 58 (ill.). 
 
 Devonshire, county of England, VI. 59. 
 
 Devrient, Ludwig [dev'-re-a ng ], German actor, 
 VI. 59. Karl August, 2 c. Philipp Eduard, 
 60, 1 a. Gustav Emil, 1 ab. 
 
 Dew, VI. GO. Experiments of Dr. Wells, 2 c. 
 Attendant phenomena, 61, 1 c. Dew point, 
 62, 1 a; complement of the, 1 c. 
 
 Dew, Thomas Roderick, American publicist, 
 VI. 62. His essay on “ Slavery,” 2 b. 
 
 Dewberry : see Bramble, III. 207, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 De wees', William Potts, American physician, 
 VI. 62. 
 
 D’Ewes, Sir Symonds [dewz], English anti¬ 
 quary, VI. 63. 
 
 De Wette, Wilhelm Martin Leberecht [deh 
 vet'-t§h], German theologian, VI. 63. His 
 ethical principle, XI. 813, 2 ab. 
 
 Dew'ey, Chester, American clergyman, VI. 63. 
 
 Dewey, Orville, American clergyman, VI. 63. 
 
 De Witt', two counties, VI. 64. 
 
 De Witt,. Jan, Dutch statesman, VI. 64. Cor¬ 
 nelius, 2 c. Their murder, 65, 1 a. 
 
 Dew point , VI. 62, 1 a. Determination of the, 
 IX. 132, 1 b. Dew-point instruments, 2 b 
 and c. Complement of the, VI. 62,1 c; IX. 
 133, 2 be. 
 
 Dew-retting , of flax, VII. 264, 1 a. 
 
 Dewsbury, town of England, VI. 65. 
 
 Dexip'pus: see Athens, II. 57, 1 b. 
 
 Dexter, Samuel, American statesman and ju¬ 
 rist, VI. 65. 
 
 Dexter base, in heraldry, VIII. 671, 2 a, c. Dex¬ 
 ter chief, ib. (See plate.) 
 
 Dexter loch , X. 565, 1 b. 
 
 Dextrine [dex'-trin], a condition of starch, VI. 
 65. See Starch, XV. 319, 2 a. Its transfor¬ 
 mation into glucose, VII. 141, 2 be. 
 
 Dextro-glucose, XV. 440, 2 be. 
 
 Dextrotartaric acid , XV. 574, 2 c; 575, 1 a, 2 a. 
 
 Dey [da], Algerine title, VI. 66. 
 
 Deyra Doon [da'-ra], valley of India, VI. 66. 
 Town, 1 c. 
 
 Dezful : see Desful. 
 
 Dharmagastras [dar-ma-sas'-tras], Sanskrit 
 books of laws, IX. 223, 1 a. 
 
 Dharwar : see Darwlar. 
 
 Dhawalagiri [da-wa-la-ghe'-re]: see Himala¬ 
 ya Mountains, VIII. 732, 1 c. 
 
 Dhole: see Dog, VI. 178, 1 ab; 179, 1 a. 
 
 Dhundoo Punt: see Nana Sahib. 
 
 Dhyas , dancing women, II. 404, 2 b. 
 
 Di'a , island, XII. 190, 2 c (Naxos). 
 
 Diabase , in geology, XIV. 371, 1 a. 
 
 Diabe'tes, disease, VI. 66. Diabetes insipidus, 
 67,’2 b. 
 
 Diad'ochus, a surname of Proclus, XIV. 25, 2 c. 
 Dice'us, Achaean general, I. 62, 2 c. 
 
 Diag'oras of Melos, Greek philosopher, VI. 67. 
 Dial, a horologe, VI. 68. Ancient sun dials, 
 
 1 a. Equinoctial dial, 2 a (ills.). Vertical 
 dial, 69, 2 c (ill., 70). Horizontal dial, 68, 
 
 2 a; horizontal and vertical, 70, 1 a (ill.). 
 Dial of Berosus, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Dials, for watches and clocks, preparation of, 
 IV. 706, 1 b. 
 
 Dial'ysis, VI. 70. Illustration of, 71, 1 a. 
 Crystalloids and colloids, 1 c. Hoop dialyser, 
 2 b. Jar diffusion, ib. Diffusate, 72, 1 b. 
 Dialysis in the dry way, 73, 1 a. See III. 
 289, 2 c. 
 
 Diamagnetism, VI. 73. See Tyndall, XVI. 
 
 90, 2 c, 91, 2 b. Paramagnetism, VI. 73,1 c. 
 Diamantina [de-a-man-te'-na], city of Brazil, 
 VI. 73. 
 
 Diamond [di'-a-mund or di'-mund], gem, VI. 
 73. Diamonds of Brazil, 74, 1 a; of India, 
 1 ab; of South Africa, 1 b; of the United 
 States and Australia, 2 a. Varieties, ib. 
 Valuation, 2 b. Cutting, 2 c. Celebrated 
 diamonds, 75, 1 c. Collecting diamonds, 76, 
 1 ab. Their practical uses, 1 c. Their for¬ 
 mation, 2 a.—The diamond first demonstra¬ 
 ted to be pure carbon, I. 330, 2 a. Cause of 
 its brilliancy, X. 439, 2 c. Forms of, V. 538, 
 1 a; 539, 1 c. California diamonds, XVI. 
 131, 2 c. 
 
 Diamond cement, IX. 427, 1 c. 
 
 Diamond District, Brazil, VI. 77. 
 
 Diamond fields of Africa, I. 168, 1 b ; II. 777, 
 
 1 a; VI. 74, 1 b. 
 
 Diamond necklace scandal: see Lamotte-Va¬ 
 lois, Rohan, and Marie Antoinette, XI. 
 163, 1 b. Allusion to, III. 549, 1 c. 
 Diamond Pitt, sobriquet, XIII. 551, 2 a. 
 Diamond powder, X. 160, 2 c. 
 
 Diam'yl: see Amyl, I. 447, 2 b. 
 
 Dian'a, in mythology, VI. 77. Of Ephesus, 
 
 2 be; statue of, ib., and 678,1 c. Temple of, 
 at Ephesus, 678, 1 a; in Tauris, 77, 2 b. 
 
 Diana, alchemical name of silver, XV. 47, 2 a. 
 Diana of Poitiers [pwa-tya], mistress of 
 Henry II., VI. 77. Rivalry between her 
 and the duchess d’Utampes, 78, 1 a; 743, 
 
262 
 
 DIANA 
 
 DIDO 
 
 2 b. Persecution of the Protestants insti¬ 
 gated by her, VIII. 654, 1 ab. 
 
 Diana Taurica , supposed site of her temple, 
 II. 232, 1 b. 
 
 Dia'mum , supposed element, VI. 517, 2 a. 
 Dian'thus (botany), XIII. 530, 2 ab. D. bar- 
 batus, 531, 1 a (ill., 530). D. Chinensis, 532, 
 1 a (ill., 531). 
 
 Diaper: see Damask, V. 655, 2 c. 
 Diaphoretics, agents promoting perspiration, 
 VI. 78. 
 
 Diaphragm, in anatomy, VI. 78 (ill.); I. 15, 
 1 b; XV. 720, 2 c. 
 
 Diaphragm , in a transit circle, XV. 843, 2 a. 
 Diaph'ysis , in bone, III. 60, 1 c. 
 
 Diapoph'yses , in anatomy, XIII. 424, 2 c. 
 Diarbek-Amid : see Diarbekir. 
 
 Diarbekir [de-ar-beh-keer'J, town of Turkey, 
 VI. 79. 
 
 Diarbekr : see Diarbekir. 
 
 Diarrhce'a, VI. 79. Popular remedy, 80, 1 a. 
 Dias, A. Gongalvez [de'-ass], Brazilian poet, 
 VI. 80. 
 
 Dias, Bartkolomeu, Portuguese navigator, VI. 
 
 80. Referred to, VII. 604, 2 a. 
 
 Diaspore , mineral, I. 366, 2 c. 
 
 Di'astase, VI. 80; III. 258, 2 a ; XIII. 575, 1 b. 
 Diather'mancy, VI. 80. Melloni’s apparatus, 
 
 81, 1 b (ill.). Diathermancy of solids (table), 
 81, 2 b ; of liquids, 82, la; of gases, 83, 
 1 a. Aqueous vapor, effect of its compara¬ 
 tive athermancy, 2 b. 
 
 Diathermanous bodies: see Diathermancy, 
 and X. 438, 1 be. 
 
 Diath'esis phlogis'tica: see Inflammation, IX. 
 275, 1 ab. 
 
 Diatoma'ce^e, minute plants, VI. 83 (ills.). 
 
 Di'atoms , algee, I. 299, 1 a. See Diatomace^e. 
 Diciton'ic scale , in music, I. 70, 1 b. 
 
 Diaz, Miguel [de'-ath], Aragonese explorer, 
 VI. 85. 
 
 Diaz, Buy: see Cid. 
 
 Diaz del Castillo, Bernal [dail kas-te'-lyo], 
 Spanish adventurer and chronicler, VI. 85. 
 Diaz de Solis, Juan: see Solis. 
 
 Dibdin, Charles, English song writer and com¬ 
 poser, VI. 85. Thomas, actor, author, and 
 composer, 86, 1 b. Thomas Frognall, bibli¬ 
 ographer, ib. 
 
 Dibranchiates [di-brang'-ke-ates], VI. 86; 
 XI. 723, 2 c. 
 
 Dicasts, IX. 721, 2 c. Dicasteries, XIII. 292, 1 c. 
 Dice, used in gaming, VI. 86. 
 
 Di'ce, in mythology, VI. 86. 
 
 Dicentp.a, genus of plants, VI. 86. D. cucul 
 laria, 1 c (ill., 87). D. spectabilis, 87, 1 c 
 (ill.). Other species. 
 
 Diceras , genus of bivalves, IV. 237, 2 b. 
 Dichogamy [di-kog'-a-me], in botany, XIII. 
 595, 1 c. 
 
 Dichot'omous system , in zoology, VII. 267, 2 a. 
 Dichro'ic microscope: see Absorption, I. 38, 2 a, 
 Di'chroism: see Absorption, I. 38, 2 a; Crys¬ 
 tallography, V. 539, 1 b. 
 
 Dichroscope: see Absorption, I. 38, 2 a. 
 
 Dick, Thomas, Scottish author, VI. 87. 
 Dickens, Charles, English novelist, VI. 88. 
 His first visit to America, and his “ Ameri¬ 
 can Notes,” 2 b. 
 
 Dickins, John, American clergyman, VI. 90. 
 
 Asbury, clerk of the U. S. senate, 1 c. 
 Dickinson, county, VI. 90. 
 
 Dickinson, Anna Elizabeth, American lecturer 
 and author, VI. 90. 
 
 Dickinson, Charles , duel with Andrew Jack- 
 son, IX. 487, 1 c, 2 a, b. 
 
 Dickinson, John, American statesman, VI. 
 
 91; XIII. 674, 2 c (Political Economy). 
 Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa., VI. 91. 
 Dickson, county, VI. 91. 
 
 Dickson, Samuel Henry, American physician, 
 VI. 91. 
 
 Dicksonia arborescens (botany), (ill.), VII. 151, 
 2 b. 
 
 Dicotyles [di-kot'-e-leez], (zoology), XIII. 221, 
 1 b. D. torquatus, 2 a (ill.). D. labiatus, 2 c. 
 Dicquemare, Jacques Francois [deek-mar], 
 French naturalist and astronomer, VI. 92. 
 Dicranu'ra (moths), XI. 869, 2 c. 
 
 Dictator, a chief magistrate, VI. 92. 
 
 Dictator , the, iron-clad war ship, IX. 385, 1 be. 
 Dictionary, VI. 92. Earliest known, 2 c. 
 Greek lexicographers, 93, 1 a; Roman, 1 c; 
 modern, 2 b. 
 
 Dictys of Crete, supposititious author, VI. 95. 
 Dicyan'ogen, compound gas, V. 603, 1 c. 
 Didascaloc'ophus, Deaf and Dumb Man’s Tutor, 
 
 V. 643, 1 b. 
 
 Didel'phidce (zoology), XII. 651, 1 c. 
 
 Didelphis Virginiana (zoology), XII. 651, 2 c 
 (ill., 652). Other species. Fossil didelphis 
 discovered, 652, 2 be. 
 
 Diderot, Denis [de-dro], French philosopher, 
 
 VI. 95. 
 
 Didius Salvitts Julianus, Marcus, Roman 
 emperor, VI. 96. 
 
 Dido, Phoenician princess, VI. 96. 
 
 Dido (Astarte), XII. 118, 1 b. 
 
DIDOT 
 
 DIKE 
 
 263 
 
 Didot [de-do], French family of printer**, VI. 
 96. Firmin Didot’s invention or revival of 
 the stereotype process, 97, la: see Print¬ 
 ing-, XIII. 850, 1 c. 
 
 Didron, Adolphe Napoleon [de-dro ng ], French 
 archaeologist, VI. 97. 
 
 Didunculi'nee (ornithology), XIII. 507, 1 c. 
 
 Didun’culus strigeros'tris (ornithology), XIII. 
 507, 1 c. 
 
 Didus ineptus (ornithology), VI. 175, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Did'yma , oracle of, XII. 660, 1 c. 
 
 Didym'ium, metal, VI. 97. 
 
 Didymo’prium (desmidieae), VI. 43, 1 c (ill., 
 D. Borreri). 
 
 Did'ymus, Alexandrian grammarian, VI. 97. 
 
 Didymus: see Thomas, Saint. 
 
 Die , for coinage, XI. 619, 2 a; 620, 1 be. In 
 calico printing, III. 596, 1 b. 
 
 Dieb [de-eb'], African jackal, IX. 481, 2 be. 
 
 Diebitsch, Hans Karl Friedrich Anton [de'- 
 bitch], Russian general, VI. 97. 
 
 Diedenhofen [de'-den-ho-fen], town of Lor¬ 
 raine, VI. 97. 
 
 Diefenbach, Lorenz [de'-fen-ba k h], German 
 philologist, VI. 98. 
 
 Dieffenbach, Johann Friedrich, German sur¬ 
 geon, VI. 98. 
 
 Dielectric medium [di-e-lek'-trik], VI. 503,1 a; 
 509, 2 a. 
 
 Diely'tra , false name for a plant, VI. 87, 2 be. 
 
 Dieppe [de-ep'J, seaport of France, VI. 98 (ill.). 
 
 Diervilla [di-er-vil'-la], (botany), XVI. 536, 
 2 a. D. rosea or Japonica, 537,1 a (ill., 536). 
 Other species. 
 
 DierviUe [de-air-veel], French surgeon, XVI. 
 536, 2 b. 
 
 Dies [di'-eez], (Lat., day): see, for dies canicula- 
 ris, Dog Days ; dies dominica, Lord’s Day, X. 
 625, 2 c; dies Jovis, Thursday; dies Lunse, 
 Monday ; dies Martis, Tuesday ; dies sangui¬ 
 nis, Bellona ; dies Saturni and dies sabbati, 
 Saturday; dies Solis, Sunday; dies Veneris, 
 Friday. (Dies Mercurii, Wednesday.) 
 
 Dies Tree, reputed author of, VII. 427, 1 a. 
 
 Dieskau, Ludwig August [deece'-kow], Ger¬ 
 man-French soldier, VI. 99. 
 
 Diest [deest], town of Belgium, VI. 99. 
 
 Diesterweg, Friedrich Adolf Wilhelm [deece'- 
 ter-veg], German writer on education, VI. 99. 
 
 Diet, legislative assembly, VI. 99. Diet of the 
 German empire, 2 be; its divisions and pow¬ 
 ers, 100, 1 a. Polish diet, 1 c. Hungarian, 
 2 ab. 
 
 Dieterici, Karl Friedrich Wilhelm [de-ter-e'- 
 
 tse], German statistician, VI. 100. Fried¬ 
 rich, orientalist, 2 c. 
 
 Dietet'ics, VI. 101. Influence of habit, cir¬ 
 cumstances, and liking, 1 b, c. Varieties of 
 animal food, 2 a; mode of dressing, 2 c. 
 Fish, 102, 1 c. Milk, ib. Cheese and but¬ 
 ter, 2 b. Farinaceous food, 2 c. Vegeta¬ 
 bles, 103, 1 a. 
 
 Dietrich of Bern [Ger. de'-tri c h], XV. 693, 2 c. 
 Dietrich stein, Count Maurice [de'-tri c h-stine], 
 
 III. 48, 1 be. 
 
 Dietz, Fedor [deets], German painter, VI. 103. 
 Diez, Friedrich Christian [deets], German phi¬ 
 lologist, VI. 103. (Died 1876.) 
 
 Differences , in heraldry, VIII. 673, 2 be. 
 Difference tones , in harmony, VIII. 469, 1 c. 
 Differential Calculus : see Calculus. 
 Diffraction of Light : see Light, X. 442, 2 b. 
 Diffraction spectrum , X. 444, 1 a. 
 
 Diffu'sate , in dialysis, VI. 72, 1 b. 
 
 Diffusiom' eter, Graham’s, VII. 634, 2 a (ill.); 
 VIII. 165, 2 ab. 
 
 Diffusion of gases, VII. 633, 2 c. 
 
 Digamma, in the ancient Greek alphabet, VI. 
 103. Disuse of, I. 349,1 b. Attempt to re¬ 
 store, II. 541, 1 c. AEolian digamma referred 
 to, XVI. 239, 1 c. 
 
 Digby, county of Xova Scotia, VI. 103. 
 
 Digby, county seat, VI. 103, 2 c. 
 
 Digby, Sir Everard, conspirator, VI. 103, 2 c; 
 
 V. 36, 1 b. 
 
 Digby, Sir Kenelm, English philosopher, VI. 
 
 103. Kenelm Henry, author, 104, 1 b. 
 Di'gest (Pandects ): see Civil Law, IV. 623, 2 a. 
 Digestion, VI. 104. Dr. Beaumont’s experi¬ 
 ments on Alexis St. Martin, 105, 2 b; II. 
 430, 2 b-c. Organs and instruments of, I. 
 317, 2 b, ff. 
 
 Digges, Leonard [digz], English mathematician, 
 
 VI. 106. Thomas, 2 a. 
 
 Dighton rock, Rhode Island, XIV. 296, 2 ab. 
 Digitaline [dij'-e-ta-lin], vegetable principle, 
 VI. 107, 1 a. 
 
 Digita'lis, genus of plants, VI. 106. D. pur¬ 
 purea, 2 a (ill.). Medicinal properties, 2 c, ff. 
 Poisoning by, 107, 1 a. 
 
 Digitigrades [dij'-e-te-grades], typical car¬ 
 nivora, VI. 107 ; IV. 10, 2 b. 
 
 Digne [deeny’], town of France, VI. 107. 
 Dihedral angles, I. 496, 1 c. 
 
 Dijon [de-zho ng ], town of France, VI. 107. 
 
 Cathedral of, 2 c (ill., 108). 
 
 Dike, embankment, VI. 108. In geology, 109, 
 
264 
 
 DIKES 
 
 DIOX 
 
 Dikes or reefs , in gold mines, VIII. 76, 1 c. 
 
 Dilactic acid , X. 88, 1 a. 
 
 Dilami [de-la'-me], Persian dynasty, XIII. 
 823, 1 c. 
 
 Dilatation , in heart disease, VIII. 563, 2 be; 
 564, 1 b and c. 
 
 Diligence [Fr. de-le-zha ng s], French post coach, 
 IV. 724, 1 a. 
 
 Dilke, Charles Wentworth [dilk], English 
 journalist, VI. 109. Sir Charles Wentworth, 
 2 b. Sir Charles Wentworth (2d), author 
 and politician, 2 c. 
 
 Dill, plant, VI. 110 (ill-). 
 
 Dille'nius, Johann Jakob [Ger. dil-la'-ne-oos], 
 German botanist, VI. 110. 
 
 Dillesk , species of algae, I. 299, 2 c. 
 
 Dillingen [dil'-ling-en], town of Bavaria, VI. 
 110 . 
 
 Dillmann, Christian Friedrich August [dil'- 
 man], German orientalist, VI. 110. 
 
 Dillon - , Peter, British navigator, VI. 110. 
 
 Dilman [deel-man'j, town of Persia, VI. 111. 
 
 Diluvium, in geology, VI. 111. Iceberg theory 
 of its origin, 112, 2 ab, 113, 2 a; glacial 
 theory, 113, 1 a; action of ice asserted in 
 both theories, 114, 1 b. 
 
 Dimachce [dim'-a-ke], mounted troops in Alex¬ 
 ander’s army, I. 741, 2 a. 
 
 Dime, coin, VI. 114. 
 
 Dimidiation, in heraldry, VIII. 674, 1 a. 
 
 Diminue're Priscia'ni ca'put : see Peiscianus, 
 XIV. 5, 2 c. 
 
 Dimitri [de-me'-tre], Russian pretenders: see 
 Alexis Mikiiailovitch, I. 293, 2 c, and De- 
 meteius, V. 789, 2 ab. 
 
 Dim'ity , supposed origin of the name, V. 656, 
 2 c. 
 
 Dimor’phism: see Chemistey, IV. 368, 1 ab, 
 and Ceystallogeaphy, V. 540, 2 a. 
 
 Dimorphous bodies , XI. 681, 2 c. 
 
 Dimsdale, Thomas, English physician, VI. 114. 
 
 Dinagepooe [de-naj-pooF], town of Bengal, 
 VI. 114. 
 
 Dinan [de-na ng ], town of France, VI. 114; 
 view, 115. 
 
 Dinanderies [de-na ng -dre], wares, VI. 115, 1 b. 
 
 Dinant [de-na ng ], town of Belgium, VI. 115. 
 
 Dinapoee', town of Bengal, VI. 115. 
 
 Din'doef, Wilhelm, German philologist, VI. 
 115. Ludwig, 2 b. 
 
 Ding'elstedt, Franz, German poet and novel¬ 
 ist, VI. 115. 
 
 Dingo: see Dog, VI. 179, 1 be (ill.); II. 130, 
 8 b. 
 
 Dinia: see Digne. 
 
 Din'kelsbuhl, town of Bavaria, VI. 115. 
 
 Dino , duchess of [de'-no], II. 662, 1 a. 
 
 Dinobryina , class of animalcules, I. 515, 1 b. 
 
 Dinocera'ta , fossil animals, XI. 197, 2 c. 
 
 Dinocharesfd-nok.' -a-reez], architect, 1.290,2 b. 
 
 Dinocrates [di-nok'-ra-teez], Syracusan general, 
 I. 179, 2 a. Architect, 290, 2 b. 
 
 Dinon'dadies , Xorth American Indians, IX. 79, 
 2 c. 
 
 Dinoe'nis, extinct bird, VI. 115; I. 607, 1 a. 
 D. giganteus, VI. 116, 1 be (ill.), and other 
 species. D. elephantopus, 117, 1 a. 
 
 Dinosaueians, fossil saurians, VI. 117. 
 
 Dinosaurs , footprints of, VII. 342, 1 b. 
 
 Dinothe'eium, extinct pachyderm, VI. 117. 
 D. giganteum, 2 c (ill.), and other species. 
 
 Dinsmore , Indian agent: see Jackson, IX. 488, 
 1 c. 
 
 Dinwid'die, county, VI. 117. 
 
 Dinwiddie, Robert, lieutenant governor of 
 Virginia, VI. 118. 
 
 Dinwiddie C. JET., county seat, VI. 118, 1 a. 
 
 Di'ocese, in the Roman empire, VI. 118. In 
 the Christian church, 2 a. 
 
 Diocle'tian, Roman emperor, VI. 118. Per¬ 
 secution of the Christians, 119, 2 b. Era of 
 Diocletian, 2 be. 
 
 Diodati, Domenico [de-o-da'-te], Italian archae¬ 
 ologist, VI. 119. 
 
 Diodati, Giovanni, Swiss theologian, VI. 119. 
 
 Di'odon: see Sea Poecupine, XIV. 738, 2 c. 
 D. pilosus, ib. (ill., 739), and other species. 
 
 Diodons: see Whale, XVI. 581, 2 c. 
 
 Diod'ori In’sula: see Peeim, XIII. 294, 1 c. 
 
 Diodoeus (Siculus), ancient historian, VI. 120. 
 
 Diogenes [di-oj'-e-neez], Cynic philosopher, VI. 
 120. See Moeal Philosophy, XI. 809, 2 b. 
 
 Diogenes of Apollonia, philosopher,VI. 121. 
 
 Diogenes Laeetius [la-er'-shus], historian of 
 philosophy, VI. 121. 
 
 Dioleine [di-o'-le-in], XII. 614, 2 b. 
 
 Diomede’a (ornithology), I. 249, 1 c. D. exu- 
 lans, ib. (ill.), and other species. 
 
 Diome'des, Grecian hero, VI. 121. Referred 
 to, XII. 817, 1 a. A king of the Bistones, 
 VI. 121, 2 c ; VIII. 679, 2 b. 
 
 Diomedes , islands, II. 481, 1 a. 
 
 Dion^'a, insectivorous plant, VI. 122. D. 
 muscipula, ib. (ill., 123). Plan and action of 
 its trap, 2 c. 
 
 Dion Cassius Cocceianus, historian of Rome, 
 VI. 122. 
 
 Dion Cheysos'tomus, rhetorician, VI. 122„ 
 
dion 
 
 DIRT 
 
 265 
 
 Dion of Syracuse, liberator, VI. 122. 
 Dionys'iac bull of Hyllus , in gem engraving, 
 VII. 663, 2 b. 
 
 Dionysiac fraternity , architects and builders, 
 VII. 470, 2 c. 
 
 Dionysiac worship , or mysteries , VIII. 213, 1 c, 
 214, 1 ab; XII. 115, 1 ab, 711, 1 a. 
 Dionysias , island: see Naxos, XII. 190, 2 be. 
 Dionysius, the Elder, tyrant of Syracuse, VI. 
 123. Ear of Dionysius, XV. 542, 1 b. The 
 Younger, VI. 124, 1 c. Expelled by Dion, 
 2 a, 122, 2 a; by Timoleon, 124, 2 b, XV. 
 756, 1 b. 
 
 Dionysius, or Denis, king of Portugal, VI. 124. 
 Dionysius of Alexandria, saint and bishop, 
 VI. 125. See Sabellius, XIV. 507, 1 b. 
 Dionysius the Areopagite, VI. 125. Influence 
 of writings ascribed to him, XI. 810, 2 c. 
 Dionysius Exiguus, Roman monk, VI. 125. 
 His method of dating from the birth of 
 Christ, IV. 558, 1 c. 
 
 Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Greek historian 
 and rhetorician, VI. 125. 
 
 Dionysius of Rome, controversy with Sabellius, 
 XIV. 507, 1 b. 
 
 Diony'sus : see Bacchus, and Semele. 
 Diophantine analysis [di-o-fan'-tin], VI. 126, 
 
 1 ab. 
 
 Diophantus of Alexandria, writer on alge¬ 
 bra, VI. 126; I. 301, 2 b. 
 
 Dioph'ysites: see Monophysites, XI. 757, 1 c. 
 Dioptrics : see Optics, XII. 657, 1 c. 
 
 Diora'ma , scenic representation, V. 632, 1 c. 
 Di'orite , a kind of rock, VIII. 152, 2 b; 238, 
 
 2 c; XIV. 371, 1 a. 
 
 Dioscoroe'a (botany), XVI. 768, 2 a. D. villo- 
 sa, 2 c. D. alata, 769, 1 b (ill., 768). D. ba¬ 
 tatas (D. Japonica), 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Dioscorcea'cece , order in botany, XVI. 768, 2 ab. 
 Dioscorides, Pedacius or Pedanius [di-os-kor'- 
 e-deez], Greek medical and botanical writer, 
 VI. 126. His descriptions of plants, III. 131, 
 2 ab; classification, 135, 1 c. 
 
 Dios'corns, or Dioscurus , Eutychian sectary, 
 VI. 791, 1 c; XI. 757, 1 b. 
 
 Dioscu'ri : see Castor and Pollux. Site of 
 their temple at Athens, II. 61, 1 a. 
 Dioscurias , ancient city, I. 26, 2 be; IV. 87, 2 c. 
 Dios'polis the Great: see Thebes, XV. 687, 2 a. 
 Dios'pyros (botany), V. 699, 2 c. D. kaki, 
 700, 1 b (ill.). D. Virginidna, 1 be (ill.). 
 Other species. D. ebenum and other spe¬ 
 cies: see Ebony. D. hirsuta: see Cala- 
 m an dee Wood. 
 
 Dip , in coal mines, V. 66, 2 c. 
 
 Diphthe'ria, VI. 126. Epidemic diphtheria, 
 2 b. Treatment, 127,1 b. Tracheotomy, 2 c. 
 
 Diphyl'lodes specio'sa (ornithology), II. 651, 
 2 a. D. Wilsonii, 2 b. 
 
 Diphyodonts, division of mammals, XV. 607, la. 
 
 Diplichnites [dip'-lik-nites], fossil footprints, 
 VII. 342, 2 be. 
 
 Diploe [dip'-lo-e], in bone, III. 59, 1 a. 
 
 Diploglos'sus (zoology), XV. 80, 2 a. D. occi- 
 duus, 2 ab. 
 
 Diplo'mas, public documents, VI. 127, 2 a. 
 
 Diplomatic agents, three classes of, X. 225, 2 be. 
 
 Diplomatics [dip-lo-mat'-iks], science of the 
 knowledge of ancient documents, VI. 127. 
 See Manuscript, XI. 133, 2 c. 
 
 Diplop'term, fossil fish, VII. 616, 2 a. 
 
 Dipodi'nce (zoology), IX. 605, 1 c. 
 
 Dippel, Johann Konrad, German mystic and 
 rationalist, VI. 127. 
 
 DippeVs animal oil, XII. 133, 1 be. 
 
 Dipper, bird, XII. 744, 2 a. 
 
 Dipper, in drilling rock, II. 699, 1 be. 
 
 Dipper , the, in astronomy: see Bear, Great 
 and Lesser, and Charles’s Wain. 
 
 Dipping, mode of using snuff, XV. 785, 1 ab. 
 
 Diprot'odon, fossil kangaroo, IX. 744, 2 c. 
 
 Dipsa'cece (botany), XV. 604, 2 b. 
 
 Dip'sacus (botany), XV. 604, 2 b. D. fullo- 
 num, ib. (ill., 605). D. sylvestris, 2 be (ill., 
 605). 
 
 Dip'tera, order of insects, VI. 128 (ill.). Gen¬ 
 eral description, 1 ab. Genera and species, 
 129, 1 b. See Fly. 
 
 Dipterix (botany), XV. 796, 1 a. D. odorata, 
 ib. (ill.). D. eboensis, 2 a. 
 
 Dip'terus macrolepid' otus, fossil fish, VII. 615, 
 
 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Diptychs [dip'-tiks], tablets, VI. 130. Among 
 the Greeks and Romans, 2 ab. Liturgical, 
 
 2 be. In art, 2 c. 
 
 Dipus JEgyptius (zoology), IX. 605, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Di’rce: see Eumenides. 
 
 Dirca (botany), XVI. 615, 1 c. D. palustris, 
 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Dirca, fountain, referred to, XVI. 615, 1 c. 
 
 Dir'ce, in mythology, VI. 131. 
 
 Directo'rium Inquisito'rum, IX. 294, 1 a. 
 
 Directory, Executive, of the French republic, 
 VI. 131. 
 
 u Directory for Public Worship f Presbyterian, 
 XVI. 568, 2 a, b. 
 
 DiRscnAu[deer'-show],town of Prussia, VI.131. 
 
 Dirt bands, in glaciers, VII. 831, 1 a. 
 
266 
 
 DIS 
 
 DIX 
 
 Dis : see Pluto. 
 
 Did card , in 6carte, YI. 384, 2 c. 
 
 Discharges, in bleaching, II. 705, 2 b. 
 
 Discharge style , of calico printing, III. 597, 2 a. 
 Dischidia [dis-kid'-e-a], (botany), XIII. 549, 2 b. 
 Dis'cina (bracliiopoda), III. 177, 2 c. 
 Disci'ples, Church of the (Disciples of Christ), 
 YI. 132 ; II. 293, 2 b. 
 
 Disciples of St. John : see Christians of St. 
 John. 
 
 Discip'lina arca'ni, referred to, I. 588, 2 b. 
 Discob'oli (ichthyology), X. 713, 2 ab. 
 
 Did eoliths, a division of coccoliths, IY. 775,1 a. 
 
 Alluded to, II. 391, 1 b. 
 
 Discontinuance: see Disseisin, YI. 138, 2 c. 
 Disooph'oe.e : see Jelly Fish. 
 
 Dis'count, in commercial transactions, YI. 133. 
 
 Rule for, 1 c. On merchandise, 1 c. 
 
 Disease, origin and communication of: see 
 Zymosis, XYI. 843, 2 be. Disease germ, 
 844, 1 b. 
 
 Disfarreatio , Roman divorce, Y. 221, 2 c. 
 Disinfectants, YI. 133. See Antiseptics, 
 and Embalming. 
 
 Dislocation, in surgery, YI. 135. In geology, 
 2 a. 
 
 Dismal Swamp, Great, YI. 135 ; II. 779, 1 be. 
 Dismal Swamp canal, YI. 135, 2 b. Little 
 Dismal, 136, 1 a. 
 
 Dispensaries , origin of, XI. 348, 1 b. 
 
 Dispensary, the,” satirical poem, YII. 632,1 c. 
 Dispensation, YI. 136. In the Roman Catho¬ 
 lic church, 1 b. 
 
 Dispensing power, royal, resisted, III. 470, 2 ab. 
 “ Dispersion, the ” (Jews), II. 191, 2 a. 
 Displacement, of a ship, XIY. 861, 1 a. 
 Disraeli, Benjamin [diz-ra'-le or diz-re'-le], 
 English author and statesman, YI. 136. 
 Title of his wife, II. 412, 2 a. (Made Earl 
 Beaconsfield, 1876.) 
 
 Disraeli, Isaac, English author, YI. 137. 
 Disseisin [dis-se'-zin], in English law, YI. 138. 
 
 In the United States, 139, 1 be. 
 
 Dissenters, in England, YI. 139. In Scotland, 
 2 b. In Ireland, 2 c. Relief bill for Eng¬ 
 lish Protestant dissenters, YII. 703, 2 c. 
 Dissociation, in chemistry, YI. 139 ; 491, 2 be. 
 Lamy’s pyrometer, 140, 1 b. Heat of disso¬ 
 ciation, YIII. 568, 2 c. 
 
 Dissolving views , X. 848, 1 b. 
 
 Distemper, in animals, XYI. 332, 2 b. 
 Distemper, in painting, XII. 795, 1 b. 
 Distillation, YI. 140. Simple distilling ap¬ 
 paratus, 2 c (ill.). Still, 141, 1 a (ill.). Al¬ 
 
 coholic liquor, 1 c. Manufacture of whiskey 
 in Scotland, 2 c. Edouard Adam’s still, 142, 
 2 a (ill.). Derosne’s still, 143, 2 a (ill.). Fla¬ 
 vor, 144, 2 a. Yarieties of alcohol, 2 ab. 
 Rectification, 2 be. Distillation in the Uni¬ 
 ted States, 2 c. Destructive distillation, 
 145, 1 a. Fractional distillation, 2 be. An¬ 
 cient method of distillation, I. 272, 1 c. 
 
 Distilled oils : see Essential Oils. 
 
 Didtoma hepat'icum (entozoa), YI. 667, 1 ab 
 (ill.). Cercaria of, 2 ab (ill.). D. haemato¬ 
 bium, 2 c. 
 
 Distress, in law, YI. 145; XIY. 272, 1 c. In 
 the United States, YI. 146, 2 a. 
 
 Distributing machines: see Printing, XIII. 
 848, 2 c. 
 
 District of Columbia, YI. 146. Govern¬ 
 ment, 147, 2 b. Finances, 148, 1 be. Char¬ 
 itable and reformatory institutions, 2 c. Ed¬ 
 ucation, 149, 1 c. Churches, 150, 1 c. His¬ 
 tory, ib. 
 
 Distringas, writ, YI. 146, 1 a; YII. 26, 1 b. 
 
 Dithyram'bus, Bacchic song, YI. 151. 
 
 Ditmarsh, territory of Prussia, YI. 151. 
 
 Ditton, Humphrey, English mathematician, 
 YI. 151. 
 
 Diu [de'-oo], island and town of India, YI. 151. 
 
 Diuret'ics, drugs, YI. 151. 
 
 Diyer, bird, YI. 152. Great northern, or 
 loon, 1 c (ill.). Black-throated, 153, 1 a. 
 Red-throated, 1 be (ill.). 
 
 Divi [de'-ve], or Divi-Divi, tanning material, 
 YI. 153. 
 
 Dividing Engine : see Graduation. 
 
 Divination, YI. 153. Ancient forms of, 2 b. 
 
 Divine office : see Breviary. 
 
 Diving, YI. 154. Diving armor, 2 he (ill.). 
 Diver spreading concrete, 155, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Diving Bell, YI. 155. Nautilus, 156,1 c (ill.). 
 
 Divining Rod, YI. 156. See Aymar-Yernay. 
 
 Divio, ancient town: see Dijon. 
 
 Divisibility, of matter, YI. 157. 
 
 Division, in botany, XIII. 593, 1 a. Of an 
 army, XIY. 261, 2 c. 
 
 Divodu’rum, ancient town, XI. 462,1 c (Metz). 
 
 Divorce, YI. 157. For causes preceding mar¬ 
 riage, 2 b; following marriage, 158, 1 be. 
 Theory of the sacramental nature of mar¬ 
 riage, 2 b. Divorce in Prussia, 2 c; in France, 
 ib. ; in England, 159, 1 a; in America, 1 be; 
 in the several states, 1 c, ff. General prin¬ 
 ciples of American laws, 161, 1 be. 
 
 Dix, Dorothea Lynde, American philanthro 
 pist and author, YI. 161. 
 
DIX 
 
 DOE 
 
 267 
 
 Dix, John Adams, American soldier and states¬ 
 man, YI. 161. 
 
 Dix, Morgan, American clergyman, YI. 162. 
 
 Dixcove , fort in Africa, I. 210,2 b; YIII. 87,2 c. 
 
 Dixon, county, YI. 162. 
 
 Dixon , county seat (city), X. 290, 1 a. 
 
 Dixon, George, English navigator, YI. 162. 
 
 Dixon, James, English clergyman, YI. 162. 
 
 Dixon , Joseph, experiments in photo-lithogra¬ 
 phy by, X. 529, 2 c. 
 
 Dixon, William Hep worth, English author, YI. 
 162. 
 
 Dixwell, John, English regicide, YI. 163. 
 
 Diyeh [de'-ya], blood money (Arabic), II. 738, 
 
 1 c. 
 
 Dizful: see Desful. 
 
 Djeddah: see Jiddah. 
 
 Dmitri: see Dimitri (Index). 
 
 Dmitrov [d’me-trov'], town of Russia, YI. 163. 
 
 Dnieper [nee'-per], (Russ. Dniepr , d’nyepr’), 
 river of Russia, YI. 163. 
 
 Dniester [nees'-ter], (Russ. Dniestr, d’nyestr’), 
 river of eastern Europe, YI. 163. 
 
 Doab [do-ab'], name of districts in Hindostan, 
 YI. 163; XII. 501, 1 b; XIV. 90, 1 a. 
 
 Doane, George Washington [doan], American 
 bishop, YI. 164. 
 
 Dobberan [dub'-ber-an], German watering 
 place, YI. 164. 
 
 Dot chicle, bird, YIII. 185, 2 a. 
 
 Do'bell, Sydney, English poet, YI. 164. (Died 
 1874.) 
 
 Dobeln, town of Saxony, YI. 164. 
 
 Dobereiner, Johann Wolfgang [do'-ber-I-ner], 
 German chemist, VI. 164. Dobereiner’s 
 lamp, 2 b; IX. Ill, 2 b; XVI. 817, 2 a. 
 
 Doio, Stephen: see Erlatj, VI. 715, 2 b. 
 
 Dobrentei, Gabor [do'-bren-teh-e], Hungarian 
 author, VI. 164. 
 
 Dobrizhoffer, Martin [do'-brits-huf-fer], Jes¬ 
 uit missionary, VI. 164. His work on the 
 Abipones, 165, la; I. 26, 1 a. 
 
 Dobrodja : see Dobrudja. 
 
 Dobrov'sky, Jozef, Slavic scholar, VI. 165; 
 II. 788, 1 b. 
 
 Dobrudja [do-broo'-ja], district of Bulgaria, 
 VI. 165. 
 
 Dobson, county seat, XV. 489, 1 c. 
 
 Dobson, Peter, iceberg theory of, VI. 112, 2 b. 
 
 Dobson, Thomas, American bookseller and 
 author, VI. 165. 
 
 Dobson, William, English painter, VI. 165. 
 
 Doce, Rio [re'-o do'-sa], river of Brazil, VI. 165. 
 
 Doce't.e, primitive sect, VI. 165. 
 
 Dock, enclosure for ships, VI. 166. Wet docks, 
 
 1 b. Victoria docks, London, 2 b (plan, 167). 
 West India docks, &c., 167,1 c, ff. Atlantic 
 dock, Brooklyn, 168, 1 ab (plan). Dry docks, 
 
 2 b. Brooklyn dry dock, 2 c (plan and trans¬ 
 verse section, 169) ; others, 170, 1 a, ff. Gil¬ 
 bert’s balance dock, 2 a (ill.). Rennie’s 
 floating dock, 171, 1 ab (ill.). New York 
 sectional floating dock, 1 c (ill.) ; others, 2 c. 
 Hydrostatic screw dock, 172, 1 a. 
 
 Dockmackie, plant, XVI. 339, 2 a. 
 
 Doctor, highest degree in learning, VI. 172. 
 Institution of the degree, 1 ab; of the for¬ 
 mulary in conferring it, 1 b; of the four 
 faculties, 1 c. Degrees conferred on women, 
 ib. Requirements in different countries, 
 1 c, ff. 
 
 Doctor, in calico printing, III. 596,1 c. In the 
 printing press, XIII. 852, 2 c. 
 
 Doctor Akakia, sobriquet, XVI. 406, 2 a. 
 Doctors’ Commons, London, VI. 172; V. 57,1 b. 
 Doctors' 1 gate, Roman road, VIII. 35, 2 c. 
 Doctors ’ mob, in New York, IX. 582, 1 b; XII. 
 
 407, 2 b. Allusion to, II. 409, 1 a. 
 Doctrinaires' [Fr. duk-tre-nair], French politi¬ 
 cal party, VI. 173; X. 681, 2 b. 
 
 Doctrinaires, religious order, III. 481, 1 c. 
 Doctrine chretienne [duk-treen kra-tyen], reli¬ 
 gious order, III. 481, 1 c. 
 
 Documentary hypothesis: see Pentateuch, 
 XIII. 276, 1 c. 
 
 Dod, Daniel, American machinist, VI. 173. 
 
 Albert Baldwin, D. D., scholar, 2 b. 
 
 Dodd, William, English clergyman, VI. 173. 
 
 Executed for forgery, 174, 1 b. 
 
 Dodder, parasitic weed, IV. 714, 2 c. 
 Doddridge, county, VI. 174. 
 
 Doddridge, Philip, English clergyman, VI. 174. 
 Dodecap'olis, Ionian district, IX. 329, 1 c. 
 Dodecath'eon Mea'dia (botany), XIII. 838, 1 b 
 (ill.). 
 
 Dodge, four counties, VI. 174. 
 
 Dod'ington, George Bubb, Baron Melcombe, 
 English politician, VI. 175. 
 
 Dodo, extinct bird, VI. 175 (ill.). 
 
 Dodo'na, ancient city of Epirus, VI. 176. 
 Oracular oak tree and grove, 177, 1 a; XII. 
 660, 1 c, 2 be. Supposed site, IX. 526, 1 a. 
 Dodsley, Robert, English publisher and author, 
 VI. 177. 
 
 Dodwell, Edward, English author, VI. 177. 
 Dodwell, Henry, Irish writer, VI. 177. 
 
 Doe, proper use of the term, III. 385, 1 c. Re¬ 
 ferred to, VII. 75, 2 a. 
 
268 
 
 DOE 
 
 DOLPHIN 
 
 Doe, John, legal fiction, VI. 484, 2 a. 
 
 Does, Jacobus van der [dooce], Dutch painter, 
 
 VI. 177. Simon and Jacobus the younger, 
 painters, 2 b. 
 
 Dojfer , of a carding machine, V. 413, 2 c. 
 
 Don, VI. 177. Wild dogs, 178, 2 a. Dingo, 
 
 179, 1 be (ill.). Relapsed varieties, 2 b. 
 Domesticated races, 2 c. Esquimaux dog, 
 
 180, 1 a (ill.). Newfoundland dog, 2 a (ill.). 
 Shepherd’s dog, 2 c (ill.). St. Bernard dog, 
 
 181, 1 a (ill.). Use of dogs, 2 b. Eossil 
 dogs, 2 c.—Age of the dog, I. 182, 2 ab. 
 Water dog: see Poodle. Diversities in size 
 and other respects, VII. 13, 1 be. 
 
 Dogato , dignity or office of doge, VI. 182, 2 a. 
 Dogbane , plant, IX. 244, 1 b. 
 
 Dog beans , seeds of nux vomica, XII. 546, 1 a. 
 Dog-day cicada, VIII. 502, 2 a. 
 
 Dog Days, YI. 182. 
 
 Doge, YI. 182. Of Venice, 2 a. Marriage 
 with the Adriatic instituted, 2 b ; I. 279, 
 2 a; XYI. 299, 2 a. See Bucentaur. Words 
 of espousal, ib., and (in English) XIY. 337, 
 2 c. Doge’s palace, XYI. 297, 2 c (see view 
 of St. Mark’s Place). Doge of Genoa, YI. 
 183, 1 ab. 
 
 Dog-faced baboon, II. 184, 1 b (ill.) ; I. 168, 
 2 a. Eeferred to, X. 767, 1 a. 
 
 Dog Fisii, YI. 183. American, 1 c (ill.); 
 European, 2 ab. Dog-fish skin, for polish¬ 
 ing, 2 a. 
 
 Dog fish: see Mud Fish, XII. 26, 1 a. 
 
 Dog fishes: see Shark, XIY. 826, 2 c. Piked 
 dog fishes, 828, 1 b. 
 
 Doggett's coat and badge, rowing prize, XIY. 
 455, 2 a. 
 
 Dog Grass: see Couch Grass. 
 
 Dogmas {dogmata), of church councils, Y. 
 423, 2 b. 
 
 Dogmatics, theoretical theology, XY. 695, 1 a. 
 “ Dog of Montargis," XI. 775, 2 a. 
 
 Dogo, fruit of, VII. 110, 1 c. 
 
 DogoJcana, fruit of, VII. 110, 1 c. 
 
 Dog's fennel: see Mayweed. 
 
 Dog shores, in ship launching, XIY. 864, 1 b. 
 Dog's-tail, grass, VIII. 169, 1 b. 
 
 Dog Star, or Sirius, YI. 183. 
 
 Dog towns, of the prairie dog, XIII. 803, 1 b. 
 Dogwood, YI. 184. Alternate-leaved, 1 c 
 (ill.). Flowering, ib. (ill.). False use of the 
 name, 185, 1 a. 
 
 Do'heny, Michael, Fenian leader, referred to, 
 
 VII. 124, 2 b. 
 
 Dol [dul], town of France, YI. 185. 
 
 Dola: see D6 le. 
 
 Dolabella, Publius Cornelius, YI. 185. 
 
 Dolbear, Prof. A. E., XY. 622, 1 a. 
 
 Dolci, Carlo [dol'-che], Italian painter, YI. 185. 
 
 Dolcino [dol-che'-no], heretical priest, XII. 
 521, 1 b; I. 588, 2 c. 
 
 Doldrums, region of calms, IY. 712, 2 ab. 
 
 Dole, town of France, YI. 185. 
 
 Dol'erite, rock, XVI. 401, 1 c; XIY. 371, 1 a. 
 
 Dolet, Etienne [dhh-la], French scholar and 
 printer, YI. 186. 
 
 Dolgoruki [dol-go-roo'-kel, a princely family 
 of Russia, YI. 186. 
 
 Dolichonyx oryziv'orus [dol-e-ko'-nix], (orni¬ 
 thology), II. 766, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Dolichos [dol'-e-kos], (botany), II. 416, 2 a. 
 D. ensiformis, ib. 
 
 Dolichotis [dol-e-ko'-tis], (zoology), IY. 156, 
 2 b, 157, 1 a. D. Patachonica, 157, lb (ill.). 
 
 Dolicocepli ali, division of mankind, YI. 756, 
 2 a. 
 
 Dollar, monetary unit, YI. 186. Origin of 
 the name, 187, 1 b. Pillar dollar, 2 b. Ori¬ 
 gin of the dollar mark ( $ ), ib. 
 
 Dollart Bay, German ocean, YI. 187. 
 
 Dollier de Casson, Francois [duh-lya dhh 
 kas-so ng ], French explorer, YI. 187. 
 
 Dollinger, Ignaz [dol'-ling-er], German phys¬ 
 iologist, YI. 187. Johann Joseph Ignaz, 
 theologian, 188, 1 a; IX. 265, 2 a. “Old 
 Catholic ” movement, YI. 188, 2 c. 
 
 Dollond, John, English optician, YI. 189. His 
 object glasses, VIII. 2 c. Peter, YI. 189, 2 a. 
 
 Dolly tub, in metallurgy, XI. 423, 1 be. 
 
 Dolmen: see Cromlech, Y. 500, 1 c. Dolmen 
 of Carnac, IV. 6, 1 b. Derivation of the 
 word, VII. 198, 1 c. 
 
 Dolomieu, Deodat Gui Sylvain Tancrede de 
 Gratet de [do-lo-myuh], French geologist, 
 YI. 189. 
 
 Dol'omite, mineral species, YI. 190; III. 772, 
 1 be; IY. 181, 1 c. 
 
 Dolomit’ic limestones, IY. 181, 1 c. 
 
 Dolores [do-lo'-race], mission, XIY. 604, 2 c. 
 
 Dolphin, cetacean mammal, YI. 190. Com¬ 
 mon dolphin, 191, 2 c (ill., 192); bottle¬ 
 nosed, 192, 2 a (ill.); white, 193, 1 a (ill., 
 192); deductor, ib. (ill.). Fresh-water dol¬ 
 phins, 193, 1 c; Bolivian, ib. (ill.). Dol¬ 
 phin of the Mediterranean, 2 be ; its beauti¬ 
 ful colors when dying, 194, 1 c ;• referred to, 
 IY. 243, 1 be. South American, YI. 194, 
 1 a (ilk). Name misapplied, 198, 1 c; VIII. 
 147, 2 a. 
 
DOLPHIN 
 
 DONOVAN 
 
 269 
 
 Dolphin , in heraldry, VIII. 673, 1 c. 
 
 Dolphin of the Ganges: see Soosoo. 
 
 Dolphin striker , in a ship, XIV. 865, 2 a. 
 
 Dolus mains, in law, VII. 444, 1 b. 
 
 Dorn [do ug ], Portuguese title of honor, VI. 
 206, 2 a. 
 
 Domain, or Demesne, VI. 194. In England, 
 
 1 c; of the United States, 2 b. 
 
 Domat, Jean [duh-ma], French jurist, VI. 195. 
 Dombild [dome'-bilt], of Cologne cathedral, 
 VI. 130, 2 c. 
 
 Dombeowski, Jan Henryk [dom-brov'-ske], 
 Polish general, VI. 195. 
 
 Dombroioski, Ladislas, insurgent leader in Paris, 
 V. 165, 1 c; 167, 1 b, ff. 
 
 Dombruch [dome'-broo k h], quarry on the Dra- 
 chenfels, VI. 237, 2 a. 
 
 Dome, in architecture, VI. 195. Invention of, 
 
 2 c. Dome of the Pantheon, ib. ; of St. 
 Sophia, 196, 1 b; of St. Mark, &c., 1 c; of 
 St. Peter’s, 2 a; of St. Paul’s, 2 c; of the 
 capitol at Washington, 197, 1 ab. Etruscan 
 dome, I. 641, 2 a; Byzantine, 661, 2 a. 
 
 Domenech, Emmanuel [dum-nesh], French trav¬ 
 eller and author, VI. 197. 
 
 Domenichino [do-men-e-ke'-no], or Domenico 
 Zampieri, Italian painter, VI. 197. 
 
 Domenico di Paris , painter: see Alfani. 
 Domesday Book, VI. 198 (ill.). 
 
 Domicile [dom'-e-sil], in law, VI. 198. 
 Domingo: see Dominic. 
 
 Dom'inio, saint and founder of the order of 
 friars preachers, VI. 199. 
 
 Domin'ica, West Indian island, VI. 201. 
 Dominica in quadragesima , X. 343, 1 c (Lent). 
 Dominical Lettee, VI. 202; III. 579, 2 b. 
 Dominican Republic : see Santo Domingo. 
 Dominicans, order of preachers or friars preach¬ 
 ers, VI. 202; XI. 730, 1 be, c. Dominicans 
 and Franciscans, rival schools of philosophy 
 and theology, VI. 203, 2 b. See Fkancis- 
 cans, VII. 426, 2 c. 
 
 Dominie's Bouwery, farm in New York, II. 780, 
 
 1 c. 
 
 Dominis, Marc’ Antonio de, theologian and 
 natural philosopher, VI. 205. 
 
 Dominos, game, VI. 205. 
 
 Dominus ac Eedemptor, papal brief for sup¬ 
 pression of the Jesuits, IV. 664, 1 a. 
 Domitian, Roman emperor, VI. 206. 
 
 Domremy [do ng -ruh-me], village of France, 
 birthplace of Joan of Arc, VI. 206. 
 
 Domus Aurea, palace of Nero, XIV. 410, 2 be. 
 Don [Sp. doan], Spanish title of honor, VI. 206. 
 
 Don, river of Russia, VI. 206. Of Scotland, 
 2 c. Of England, ib. 
 
 Doila [do'-nya], feminine of don, VI. 206, 2 a. 
 
 DoSTa A^a [do'-nya a'-nya], county, VI. 206. 
 
 Dona Gastre (Doncaster), VI. 209, 2 a. 
 
 Don'aldson, John William, English scholar, 
 VI. 207. 
 
 Donaldsonville, county seat, I. 804, 1 b. 
 
 Donaleitis, Christian [do-na-li'-tis], Lithuanian 
 poet, referred to, X. 374, 1 b. 
 
 Donar, Scandinavian deity, XII. 120, 1 c. 
 
 Donatello, Italian sculptor, VI. 207. 
 
 Donati, Giovanni Battista [do-na'-te], Italian 
 astronomer, VI. 207. 
 
 Donation law , for Oregon, XII. 685, 2 a. 
 
 Don'atists, a party in the early church, VI. 
 207. Their tenets, 209, 1 ab. 
 
 Donato di Betto di Bardi: see Donatello. 
 
 Dona'tus: see Donatists. 
 
 Donau [do'-now], river: see Danube. 
 
 Donault - Wieland [diih-no-ve-la ng ], manufac¬ 
 turer of artificial gems, VII. 665, 1 a. 
 
 Donauwoeth [do'-now-vort], town of Bavaria, 
 VI. 209. 
 
 Don Benito [ba-ne'-to], town of Spain, VI. 209. 
 
 Don'castek, town of England, VI. 209. 
 
 Don Cossacks, Land of the, VI. 209. 
 
 Donderbarrack, hill on the Hudson, IX. 30, 1 a. 
 
 Dondees, Frans Cornells, Dutch physician, 
 VI. 209. 
 
 Donegal [don-e-gawl'], county of Ireland, VI. 
 
 210 . 
 
 Do'netz, river of Russia, VI. 210. 
 
 Dongan charter , of New York city, XII. 408, 2 c. 
 
 Don'gola, province of Nubia, VI. 210. New 
 Dongola, capital, 2 a. Old Dongola, 'ib. 
 
 Doniphan, county, VI. 210. 
 
 Doniphan , county seat, XIV. 346, 2 a. 
 
 Donizet'ti, Gaetano [Ital. do-ne-dzet'-te], Ital¬ 
 ian composer, VI. 210; XII. 92, 2 b. 
 
 Donjon, tower, VII. 328, 2 b; XIV. 6, 1 c. 
 
 Don Ju'an, mythical personage, VI. 211. 
 
 Donnacona, Indian king of Canada, IV. 41, 
 1 a and b. 
 
 Donne [diih-na], (Alfred, French physician, born 
 1801): see Animal Electeicity, I. 519, 1 b. 
 
 Donne, John [don], English poet, VI. 211. 
 
 Don'nybeook, parish and village of Ireland, 
 VI. 212. Donnybrook fair, ib. ; VII. 58, 2 c. 
 
 Dono, Paolo di : see Uccello. 
 
 Donoso Coetes, Juan Francisco Maria de la 
 Salud, marquis [do-no'-so kore-tace'], Span¬ 
 ish statesman and author, VI. 212. 
 
 Don'oyan, Edward, English naturalist, VI. 212. 
 
270 
 
 DON QUIXOTE 
 
 DOUAI 
 
 Don Quix'ote [Sp. ke- k ho'-ta]: see Cervantes, 
 IV. 213, 1 b, 2 b, and Avellaneda, A. F. de. 
 
 Doo, George Thomas, English engraver and 
 painter, VI. 212. 
 
 Doo'ars, region of India, III. 85, 2 c, ff. 
 
 Dooly, county, VI. 213. 
 
 Doominca, dancing girl of India, II. 405, 1 a. 
 
 Doomsday Booh: see Domesday Book. 
 
 Doon, lake and river of Scotland, VI. 213. 
 
 Door [dore], county, VI. 213. 
 
 Doorgha Kond , temple in Benares, II. 514, 2 c. 
 
 Door weed, XIII. 689, 1 a. 
 
 Dora d’Istria [do'-ra dis'-tre-a], (pseudonyme), 
 ’Wallachian authoress, VI. 213. 
 
 Dorak', town of Persia, VI. 213. 
 
 Do'ran, John, British author, VI. 213. 
 
 Dor bug, IV. 787, 1 ab, 2 ab. 
 
 Dorchester, county of Maryland, VI. 214. 
 
 Dorchester, town of Massachusetts, VI. 214. 
 
 Dorchester, borough of England, VI. 214. 
 
 Dorchester, county seat, XVI. 569, 1 c. 
 
 Dorchester heights, Boston, III. 116, 1 c. 
 
 Dorchester stone, XIV. 600, 2 be. 
 
 Dordogne [dor-dony’J, department of France, 
 VI. 214. River, 2 a. 
 
 Dordogne caves, prehistoric remains in, I. 642, 
 2 c; 643, 1 b. 
 
 Dor'dracxtm: see Dort. 
 
 Dordrecht [dor'-drekt]: see Dort. 
 
 Dore, Paul Gustave [do-ra], French artist, VI. 
 214. 
 
 Dore'ma ammoni’acum (botany), I. 428, 1 b. 
 
 Do'ria, Andrea, Genoese statesman and ad¬ 
 miral, VI. 214; 183, 1 b. 
 
 Doria, family of, VI. 214, 2 c; VII. 676, 2 c, 
 677, 1 a (Genoa). 
 
 Doria, palazzo, VII. 675, 1 ab (ill., 674). 
 
 Doria, gilded antelope, I. 546, 1 c. 
 
 Dorian hexapolis, confederacy, VI. 215, 2 c. 
 
 Dorians, Greek race, VI. 215. 
 
 Dor'ic dialect, VIII. 207, 2 be; 208, 1 a. 
 
 Doric order of architecture, I. 655, 2 c (ill., 
 656); among the Romans, 659, 2 be. 
 
 Do'ris, district of Greece, VI. 215. In Asia 
 Minor, 2 c. 
 
 Doris (mollusca), XI. 722, 2 c. 
 
 Dorking, town of England, VI. 216. Dorking 
 fowls, ib. ; IV. 783, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Dormouse, VI. 216. Fat dormouse, 1 c; gar¬ 
 den, 2 a; common, 2 b (ill.); Cape, 2 c. 
 
 Dorn, Heinrich Ludwig Edmund, German com¬ 
 poser, VI. 216. 
 
 Dornbirn [dorn'-beern], town of Austria, VI. 
 217. 
 
 Dorner, Isaak August, theologian, VI. 217. 
 Do'rog, town of Hungary, VI. 217. 
 Dorogobuzh [do-ro-go-boozli'], town of Rus¬ 
 sia, VI. 217. 
 
 Dorosma [do'-rosh-maw], town of Hungary, 
 
 VI. 217. 
 
 Dorp, town of Prussia, VI. 217. 
 
 Dor'pat, town of Russia, VI. 217. University, 
 2 a. 
 
 Dorpt: see Dorp at. 
 
 Dorr, county seat, X. 785, 2 c. 
 
 Dorr's rebellion, XIV. 297, 2 b. 
 
 D'Orsay, count [dor-sa]: see Orsay. 
 
 Dorset, Earls of: see Sackville. 
 
 Dorsetshire, county of England, VI. 217. Dor¬ 
 set sheep, 218, 1 a. 
 
 Dorsey, John Syng, American physician, VI. 
 218. 
 
 Dorsibran'chiates, division of worms, VI. 218. 
 Dorstenia contrayerva (botany), V. 291, 1 c. 
 Dort, town of the Netherlands, VI. 218. 
 Dort, Synod of: see Reformed Protestant 
 Dutch Church, XIV. 255, 1 ab; also I. 
 728, 2 a. 
 
 Dortmund [dort'-moont], town of Prussia, VI. 
 218. 
 
 Dorus-Gras, Julie Aimee van Steenkiste [do- 
 riis-gra], French singer, VI. 219. 
 
 Dory, family of fishes, VI. 219. John Dory, 
 
 1 c (ill.)* Origin of the name, 2 a. Ameri¬ 
 can dories, 2 c. 
 
 Dory, flat-bottomed boat, IV. 794, 1 c. 
 Doryph’ora 10-lineata (entomology), XIII. 768, 
 
 2 ab (ill.). D. juncta, 771, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Dosha powder, quack medicine, IX. 537, 1 ab. 
 DosiTn'EANs, religious sect, VI. 220. 
 
 Dositheus: see Dositheans. 
 
 Dossios, a would-be assassin, VIII. 203, 2 a. 
 Dost Mohammed: see Afghanistan, I. 161, 
 
 1 b; 162, 1 be. 
 
 Dost Mohammed Khan, Afghan chief, referred 
 to, II. 605, 2 c. 
 
 Dotard, kind of seal, XIV. 731, 2 c. 
 
 Dothid'ea Kobertia'num, fungus, referred to, 
 
 VII. 732, 1 a. 
 
 Dotis, town of Hungary, VI. 220. 
 
 Dotterel, bird, XIII. 618, 2 a. Spur-winged 
 dotterel, reputed ally of the crocodile, I. 333, 
 
 2 b; V. 496, 2 a (plover). 
 
 Dottore [dot-to'-ra], theatrical pedant, VIII. 
 463, 2 ab. 
 
 Douai [doo-a], town of France, VI. 220. Col¬ 
 lege, 2 a; removal to Rlieims, ib. Douay 
 Bible, II. 614, 1 c. See Alan, I. 236, 2 c. 
 
DOUARNENEZ 
 
 DOWNPATRICK 
 
 271 
 
 Douarnenez [doo-ar-nuh-na], town of France, 
 
 VI. 220. 
 
 Douay } town: see Douai. 
 
 Douay, Charles Abel, French soldier, VI. 220. 
 
 Felix Charles, soldier, 2 b. 
 
 Doubleday, Edward, English naturalist, VI. 
 
 220 . 
 
 Doubleday , Thomas , on the law of population, 
 XIII. 670, 2 ab. 
 
 Double entry , in bookkeeping, III. 80, 1 a, b. 
 
 Fundamental law of, 2 be. 
 
 Double Gloucester , cheese, II. 559, 2 be. 
 Doublet (lens): see Microscope, XI. 513, 2 b. 
 Doubloon [dub-loon'], coin, VI. 221. 
 
 Doubs [doo], river of France, VI. 221; IV. 
 347, 1 c. 
 
 Doubs, department of France, VI. 221. 
 
 Douce, Francis [dowce], English antiquary, 
 
 VI. 221. 
 
 Dough bird , curlew, V. 583, 2 ab. 
 
 Dougherty [dSh'-her-te], county, VI. 221. 
 Doughface , origin of the epithet, XIV. 200, 1 b. 
 Doughty, Thomas [dow'-te], American painter, 
 VI. 221. 
 
 Douglas [dug'-las], eleven counties, VI. 221. 
 Douglas , county seat, V. 18, 1 a. 
 
 Douglas, capital of the isle of Man, VI. 222. 
 Village and parish of Scotland, 2 c. Douglas 
 castle (“Castle Dangerous”), 223, 1 a. 
 Douglas, noble Scottish family, VI. 223. Sir 
 James (“the good Sir James”), 1 b. Earl 
 William, 2 b; IX. 514, 2 a-c. Archibald 
 “ Bell-the-Cat,” “ the Great Earl,” VI. 223, 
 2 be. Archibald, sixth earl of Angus, 224, 
 1 a. Armorial bearings, 2 be. 
 
 Douglas, David, British botanist, VI. 224. 
 Douglas, Gawin or Gavin, Scottish poet and 
 bishop, VI. 225. His translation of the 
 iEneid, 1 b. Surmised germ of Bunyan’s 
 “Pilgrim’s Progress,” ib. 
 
 Douglas, Sir Howard, English general, VI. 225. 
 Douglas, John, English prelate, VI. 225. 
 Douglas, Stephen Arnold, American states¬ 
 man, VI. 225. His career in congress, 226, 
 
 1 c. The Oregon question, ib. On the 
 question of slavery, 2 b. Compromise mea¬ 
 sures of 1850, 2 c. Kansas-Nebraska bill, 
 227, 1 ab. A candidate for the presidency, 
 
 2 b. His opposition to secession, 2 be. 
 Douglass, David Bates, American engineer, 
 
 VI. 228. 
 
 Douglass, Frederick, American orator and 
 journalist, VI. 228. 
 
 Douglasville , county seat, VI. 221, 2 b. 
 
 Doumpalm , VI. 594, 2 b; XII. 529, 2 c. 
 
 Dour [door], town of Belgium, VI. 228. 
 
 Dou'ro [Port, do'-roo], river, VI. 228. 
 
 Douroucou'li, monkey, VI. 229 (ill.). 
 
 Douville, Jean Baptiste [doo-veel], French 
 traveller, VI. 229. 
 
 Douw, Gerard [dow], Dutch painter, VI. 229. 
 
 Dove: see Pigeon, XII. 504, 1 c. 
 
 Dove, river of England, VI. 229. Dove Dale, 
 2 c. 
 
 Dove, Heinrich Wilhelm [do'-vSh], German 
 physicist, VI. 230. His meteorological ob¬ 
 servations referred to, IV. 679, 2 c. His 
 theory of hurricanes, IX. 2 b.—Richard Wil¬ 
 helm, jurist, VI. 230, 1 be. 
 
 Dove keys , islands, XIII. 506, 1 c. 
 
 Dove plant : see Holy Spirit Plant. 
 
 Do'ver, seaport of England, VI. 230; view, 
 231. Ancient church and Pharos (ill.), ib. 
 
 Dover, city of New Hampshire, VI. 231. Set¬ 
 tlement of, XVI. 151, 1 b. 
 
 Dover, town of New Jersey, VI. 232. 
 
 Dover, capital of Delaware, VI. 232. 
 
 Dover, township of Ohio, VI. 232. Canal 
 Dover, 1 be. 
 
 Dover , county seats, XIII. 542, 1 a; 706, 2 a; 
 XV. 382, 2 a. 
 
 Dover , Lord: see Ellis, George James Welbore. 
 
 Dover, Strait of, VI. 232. 
 
 Dover breakwater , III. 237, 1 be (ill.). 
 
 Dover Hill , county seat, XI. 208, 1 a. 
 
 Dover’s Powder, medicine, VI. 232. 
 
 Dovetailed line , in heraldry, VIII. 672, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Dovrefield (Dan. Dovre Fjeld, do'-vreh fyeld), 
 mountain range of Norway, VI. 232. 
 
 Dow , Gerard : see Douw. 
 
 Dow, Lorenzo, American preacher, VI. 232. 
 
 Dower, VI. 233. At common law, 2 a. In 
 France, 2 b. English law of, 234, 1 a. In 
 the United States, 1 b. 
 
 Dowk , in lead mines, X. 200, 2 b. 
 
 Dowler, Bennet, American physician and 
 physiologist, VI. 234. 
 
 Dowletabad', town of Hindostan, VI. 235 (ill.). 
 
 Down, county of Ireland, VI. 235. 
 
 Downes, John, American naval officer, VI. 235. 
 
 Downie , Capt., British commander at Lake 
 Champlain, IV. 249, 2 c. 
 
 Downieville , county seat, XV. 32, 1 a. 
 
 Downing, Andrew Jackson, American land¬ 
 scape gardener, VI. 235. 
 
 Downing , Major Jack , letters of, XV. 121, 1 b. 
 
 Downpat'rick, town of Ireland, VI. 236. 
 Wells of St. Patrick, 2 a. 
 
272 
 
 DOWNS 
 
 DRAYTON 
 
 Downs, in England, YI. 217, 2 c; 599, 1 b. 
 Turf of the, XYI. 46, 2 be. 
 
 Downs, the, English roadstead, Y. 741, 2 be; 
 YI. 598, 2 be; VIII. 108, 1 a. 
 
 Dowry, of a Roman wife, XIII. 72, 2 c. 
 
 Dowse, Thomas, American book collector, YI. 
 236. 
 
 Doxology, YI. 236. 
 
 Doyle, Richard, English artist, YI. 237. 
 
 Doylestown, county seat, III. 390, 1 b. 
 
 Doyle and Martin’s rotary air pump, I. 221, 
 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Dozy, Reinhart, Dutch orientalist and historian, 
 YI. 237. 
 
 Dracce'na dra'co (botany), YI. 240, 1 c. Age 
 of, I. 184, 1 a. 
 
 Drachenfels [dra'- k hen-felce], mountain of 
 Germany, YI. 237. Ruins on the, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Drachma [drak'-ma], ancient Greek weight 
 and coin, YI. 237. Athenian (ill.). 
 
 Dra'co, Athenian lawgiver, YI. 237. See 
 Athens, II. 55, 1 a. His laws referred to, 
 III. 754, 2 c; Y. 486, 1 be. 
 
 Draco (zoology), YI. 238, 2 a. D. fimbriatus, 
 239, 1 a (ill., 238). D. Daudinii, 239, 1 a. 
 
 Dracs: see Fairies, YII. 64, 1 a. 
 
 Dracun' cuius (zoology), YI. 239, 1 ab. D. 
 lineatus, ib. D. spilopterus, 1 b. 
 
 Dra'cut, town of Massachusetts, YI. 238. 
 
 Draft: see Bill of Exchange (Index). 
 
 Draft riots, in New York, X. 495, 1 a; XII. 
 408, 1 c. 
 
 Drag, the, in a ship, XIY. 867, 2 ab. 
 
 Drag'oman, interpreter, YI. 238. See Fana- 
 riotes, YII. 79, 2 a. 
 
 Dragon, Biblical, YI. 238. Mythological, 1 c. 
 
 Dragon, iguanian lizard, YI. 238 (ill.). 
 
 Dragonetti, Domenico, Italian contrabassist, 
 YI. 239. 
 
 Dragon Fly, YI. 239 (ills.). Muscular activ¬ 
 ity of, IX. 313, 2 ab. 
 
 Dragon Hill , England, referred to, II. 562, 1 c. 
 
 Dragon root, XVI. 422, 2 be. 
 
 Dragon’s Blood, resin, YI. 240; II. 249, 2 a. 
 
 Dragoons, introduction of, I. 747, 1 a; IY. 144, 
 2 b. 
 
 Dragoshites, Moldavian dynasty, XI. 704, 1 c. 
 
 Draguignan [dra-ghe'-nyo Dg ], town of France, 
 YI. 240. 
 
 Dragut [dra-goot'], Barbarypirate, XV. 872,2 c. 
 
 Drainage, YI. 240. Systems, 2 b. Under¬ 
 ground tile drainage, 241, 1 a, ff. (ill.). 
 Draining of the Bedford Level, 2 ab. Of 
 Haarlem lake, 2c; its effect on the drainage 
 
 system of Holland, 242, 1 b. Proposed 
 drainage of the Zuyder Zee, XYI. 839, 2 a. 
 Hygienic necessity of drainage, IX. 130, 2 b. 
 
 Drake, Daniel, American physician, YI. 242. 
 
 Drake, Sir Francis, English navigator, YI. 243. 
 
 Drake, Friedrich [dra'-keh], German sculptor, 
 YI. 243. 
 
 Drake, Joseph Rodman, American poet, YI. 244. 
 
 Drake, Nathan, English physician and writer, 
 YI. 244. 
 
 Drake, Samuel Gardner, American author, YI. 
 244 ; XYI. 193, 2 b. (Died 1875.) 
 
 Drako [dra'-ko], harbor : see Piraeus. 
 
 Drama, YI. 244. Tragedy, 245, 1 ab. Come¬ 
 dy, 2 b. Roman drama, 246, 1 a. Roman¬ 
 tic age, 1 ab. Modern drama, 1 c. Opera, 
 2 c. Melodrama, ib. Farce, 247,1 a. Vau¬ 
 deville, ib. Pantomime, 1 b. 
 
 Dramburg [dram'-boorg], town of Prussia, YI. 
 247. 
 
 Dkammen, town of Norway, YI. 247. 
 
 Dranesville, village of Virginia, YI. 247. 
 Battle of, 2 a. 
 
 Draper, original meaning of, XYI. 715, 1 be. 
 
 Draper, John William, chemist and physiolo¬ 
 gist, YI. 247. See Actinism; Actinometer; 
 Photography, XIII. 469,1 ab, 2 c, ff.; Spec¬ 
 trum, XY. 246, 1 be, 247, 1 a, ff. His photo¬ 
 graphs of the moon, XI. 800, 2 b. Experi¬ 
 ments on the chemical action of light, X. 452, 
 2 c.—John Christopher, chemist and physi¬ 
 ologist, YI. 248, 1 b.—Henry, chemist and 
 physiologist, ib. His method of intensifying 
 the photographic negative, XIII. 470, 2 be. 
 His photographs of the moon, XI. 800, 2 c 
 (ill.); print of the spectrum, XY. 248, 1 c. 
 
 Draper, Sir William, English military officer, 
 YI. 248. See Manila, XI. 110, 1 c. 
 
 Drau [drow], river: see Drave. 
 
 Draught, line of: see Wheel, XYI. 592, 1 ab 
 
 Draughts, game, YI. 248. 
 
 Drave, river of Austria, YI. 249. 
 
 Drav'idas : see Ethnology, YI. 758, 2 b. 
 
 Dramd'ians, race, IX. 213, 1 c; 214, 2 b; 215, 
 1 be. Dravidian languages, 219, 2 b. 
 
 Drawing, YI. 249. Architectural and mechan¬ 
 ical drawing, 2 c. Orthographic projection, 
 ib., ff 1 . (ills.). Perspective, 250, 2 b (ill.). Iso- 
 metrical projection, 251, 1 b (ill.). Topo¬ 
 graphical drawing, 2 a (ill., 252). 
 
 Drawing , in weaving, XYI. 523, 1 c. 
 
 Drawing frame, in rope making, XIY. 424, 2 a. 
 
 Draw-plate, in wire making, XYI. 676, 2 b. 
 
 Drayton, Michael, English poet, YI. 253. 
 
DRAYTON 
 
 DRUIDICAL 
 
 273 
 
 Drayton, "William Henry, American statesman, 
 VI. 253. 
 
 Drayton's process of silvering mirrors, XI. G33, 
 
 1 c. 
 
 Dream, YI. 253. Laws of association, 2 be. 
 Rapidity of dreaming, 254, 1 c. Effect of 
 idiosyncrasy, 2 b. Prophetic dreams, 255, 1 a. 
 
 Drebbel, Cornells van, Dutch philosopher and 
 inventor, YI. 255. 
 
 Dredge, Muller’s, VI. 256, 2 b; Ball’s, 2 c. 
 
 Dredging, YI. 256. Dredging machines, 1 ab, 
 ff.(ills.). The first steam dredging machine 
 used in America, 794, 2 a. 
 
 Dredging, Deep-Sea, YI. 256. Dredges and 
 their adjuncts, 2 b, ff. Method of deep-sea 
 dredging, 257,2 c. Deep-sea fauna, 258,1 c; 
 geology, 259, 2 c. 
 
 Dred Scott, case of, XY. 565, 1 c; 102, 2 ab; 
 XII. 165, 2 a. 
 
 Dreikonigsbund [drl'-ko-niks-boont], royal alli¬ 
 ance, II. 599, 2 a. 
 
 Drelincourt, Charles [driih-la ng -koor], French 
 clergyman, YI. 260. “ Drelincourt on Death,” 
 Defoe’s device to promote its sale, 1 b. 
 
 Drenthe [dren'-teh], province of the Nether¬ 
 lands, YI. 260. 
 
 Drep'anum , ancient city, XY. 847, 2 a. 
 
 Dresden, capital of Saxony, YI. 260 ; view, 
 261. Art collections, 262, 1 ab. Educa¬ 
 tional institutions, 2 a. History, 2 c. 
 
 Dresden manuscript, Central American picture 
 writing, VIII. 720, 2 c. 
 
 Dressing machine, in weaving, XVI. 524, 2 b. 
 
 Dreux [druh], town of France, YI. 263. 
 
 Drew, county, YI. 263. 
 
 Drew, Samuel, English clergyman, YI. 263. 
 
 Dreyschock, Alexander [drl'-shuk], German 
 composer, YI. 263. 
 
 Dreyse, Johann Nikolaus von [drl'-zeh], Ger¬ 
 man mechanician and inventor, YI. 264. 
 Dreyse’s needle gun, 1 b; XIY. 329, 1 c. 
 
 Drift: see Diluvium. Unstratified drift, YI. 
 Ill, 1 c. Glacial drift, 2 be; VII. 829, 1 a. 
 
 Drift, in mining, Y. 66, 2 c; XI. 572, 1 a. 
 
 Drift, of projectile, VIII. 325, 2 a. 
 
 Drill, in mechanics: see Boring, III. 98, 1 c. 
 Various forms of drills, 98, 2 a, 99, 1 c (ills.). 
 Drilling machine, 99, 1 c (ill.). Burleigh 
 drill, II. 700,1 c (ill.); III. 100,1 a. Inger- 
 soll drill, 1 be (ill.). Wood’s drill, 2 a (ill.). 
 Diamond drill, 2 c (ills., 101). Artesian drill 
 of M. Goulet-Collet, I. 779, 2 b. 
 
 Drill, in zoology: see Baboon, II. 184, 2 c. 
 (ill.). 
 
 Driver ants, referred to, X. 398, 1 ab. 
 
 Drogheda [droh'-he-da], town of Ireland, YI. 
 264. Gate of St. Lawrence, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Drohobycz [dro'-ho-bitch], town of Austria, 
 YI. 264. 
 
 Droit d'aubaine [drwa do-bain] : see Alien, I. 
 313, 1 a and b. 
 
 Droit de detraction [dull da-trak-se-o ng ]: see > 
 Alien, I. 313, 1 a. 
 
 Droitwich [droit'-ich], borough of England, 
 YI. 264. 
 
 Dromai’us Nova, Hollandia (ornithology), YI. 
 588, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Dromathe'rium, fossil animal, XII. Ill, 1 b. 
 
 Drome, department of France, VI. 264. 
 
 Drom'edary : see Camel, III. 649, 1 c; 650, 
 2 a. 
 
 Drone, male bee, II. 452, 1 a (ill.); 453, 2 a. 
 
 Drontheim [dront'-hime], province of Norway, 
 YI. 265. Capital, 1 c. Cathedral, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Dropsy, YI. 265. Local dropsy, 2 c ; general, 
 266,1 a; cause of general dropsy, VIII. 563, 
 1 a. From disease of the liver, YI. 266,1 b ; 
 of the heart, 1 c; of the kidneys, 2 a. Treat¬ 
 ment, 2 b. 
 
 Dropwort, plant, XY. 275, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Dr os'era (botany), XY. 479, 1 c (ills.); IX. 
 310, 1 a. D. rotundifolia, XY. 479, 2 b. 1 
 D. filifolia, or filiformis, 479, 2 c, 480, 2 b; 
 IX. 310, 1 ab. 
 
 Droste, Annette Elisabeth [drus'-teh], baron¬ 
 ess Htilshoff, German poetess, YI. 266. 
 
 Drouet, Jean Baptiste [droo-a], French revo¬ 
 lutionist, YI. 267. 
 
 Drouet d’Erlon, Jean Baptiste, count [dair- 
 lo ng ], French general, YI. 267. 
 
 Drouyn de Lhuys, Edouard [droo-a ng duh lwee 
 or lweez], French diplomatist, YI. 267. 
 
 Drowning, YI. 267. Marshall Hall’s directions 
 for recovering the drowned, 268, 2 a. 
 
 Droysen, Johann Gustav [droi'-zen], German 
 historian, YI. 268. 
 
 Droz, Francois Xavier Joseph [dro], French 
 author, YI. 268. 
 
 Droz, Gustave, French author, YI. 269. 
 
 Droz, Pierre Jacquet, Swiss mechanician, YI. 
 269. Henri Louis Jacquet, 1 c. Automata 
 made by them, ib., and II. 155, 2 b. 
 
 Drozdojf, Basil : see Philaret. 
 
 Drugget, a kind of felt, VII. 119, 1 a. 
 
 Drugs, adulteration of, I. 134, 1 ab. 
 
 Druidical remains : see Avebury ; Barrow, 
 II. 340,1 a ; Druids, YI. 271, 1 c ; Carnao ; 
 Stonehenge. 
 
 18 
 
274 
 
 DRUIDS 
 
 DUCAT 
 
 Druids, YI. 269. Druid priest (ill.), ib. Their 
 origin, 2 a; seats, 2 c; characteristics, 270, 
 
 1 ah; superstitions, 2 a; organization, 2 c. 
 Archdruid, 271, 1 a. Affiliated orders and 
 their rules, 1 b. Modern remains of druid- 
 ism, 1 c. 
 
 Drum, musical instrument, YI. 271. 
 
 Drum rock, Rhode Island, XYI. 467, 1 a. 
 Drummond, Thomas, British naval officer and 
 inventor, YI. 271. Drummond light, 2 c. 
 Drummond, William, Scottish poet, YI. 272. 
 Drummond, Sir William, author and diplo¬ 
 matist, YI. 272. 
 
 Drummond lake , Dismal Swamp, YI. 135, 2 b. 
 Drummond light , YI. 271, 2 c; III. 568, 2 c ; 
 
 II. 749, 1 a, 750, 1 b. 
 
 Drummond Town , county seat, I. 60, 2 a. 
 
 “Drunken administration: ” see Granville, 
 VIII. 162, 2 ab. 
 
 Drupe, in botany, XIII. 590, 2 c. 
 
 Druses, YI. 272. Druse man and woman 
 (ill.), 274. Their origin, 272, 2 b; sacred 
 writings, 2 be; tenets, 273, 2 a; worship, 
 
 274, 1 a; government, 274, 1 c. Deir el- 
 Kamr, 2 c (ill., 275). History, ib. Massa¬ 
 cre of Christians in 1860, 275, 2 b. 
 
 Drusus, Claudius Nero, Roman general, YI. 
 
 275. Drusus Caesar (Drusus Junior), son of 
 Tiberius, 276, 1 b. 
 
 Drususthurm [droo'-zoos-toorm], tower at Bin¬ 
 gen, II. 645, 1 ab. Drususbriicke, bridge, ib. 
 Druzes : see Druses. 
 
 Dryads, in mythology, YI. 276. See Fairies, 
 VII. 63, 2 a; Nymphs, XII. 549, 2 c. 
 Dryander, Jonas [dre-an'-der], Swedish natu¬ 
 ralist, YI. 276. 
 
 Dryburgh abbey [Scot, drl'-bur-rith], ruins of, 
 referred to, II. 588, 1 a; XIY. 709, 2 be. 
 Dryden, John, English poet, YI. 276. His 
 marriage, 277,1 a ; profession of the Roman 
 Catholic creed, 2 a; character and habits, 
 
 2 b. Character of his writings, ib. 
 
 Drying Oils, YI. 278; X. 513, 1 a. 
 
 Dryna'ria coro'nans (botany), (ill.), VII. 151, 2. 
 Dryobal'onopscampho’ra (botany), III. 667,2 be. 
 Dryocampa (entomology), XI. 869, 2 ab. 
 
 Dry piles, in galvanism, VII. 592, 1 b. 
 
 Dry point, engraving instrument, YI. 651, 2 a. 
 Dry Rot, in timber, YI. 278. Preventives, 
 
 1 b. How produced, VII. 531, 2 be. 
 
 'Dry Tortu'gas, islets, Florida, YI. 278. 
 
 Dryot'omus pilea'tus (ornithology), XYI. 709, 
 
 2 c (ill., 710). 
 
 Dualism, chemical, II. 87, 2 b. 
 
 Dualism of Descartes, opposed by Leibnitz, X. 
 325, 1 b. 
 
 Dualistic theory, in chemistry, XII. 477, 2 be. 
 Duality, principle of, in geometry,YII. 702,1 c. 
 Dualline [du'-al-lin]: see Explosives, YII. 
 
 37, 2 ab; Blasting, II. 703, 1 b. 
 
 Duane', William, American politician and jour¬ 
 nalist, YI. 278. 
 
 Dub an, Jacques Felix [dii-ba ng ], French archi¬ 
 tect, YI. 279. 
 
 Du Barry : see Barry. 
 
 Dubis, river: see Doubs. 
 
 Dublin, county of Ireland, YI. 279. Capital 
 city, 1 c (view). Trinity college, 280, 1 c 
 (ill.). St. Patrick’s cathedral, 281, 1 c (ill.). 
 History, 282, 1 a. 
 
 Dublin, county seat, X. 209, 2 a. 
 
 Dub'ner, Friedrich, philologist, YI. 282. 
 Dubno [doob'-no], town of Russia, YI. 282. 
 Dubois [du-boice'], county, YI. 282. 
 
 Dubois, Antoine, baron [dti-bwa], surgeon, YI. 
 
 282. Paul Antoine, obstetrician, 2 a. 
 Dubois, Guillaume, cardinal and statesman, 
 
 YI. 282. 
 
 Dubois, Jean Antoine, missionary, YI. 283. 
 
 Du Bois-Reymond, Emil [dii bwa-ra-mo ng J, Ger¬ 
 man physiologist, YI. 283. See Animal 
 Electricity, I. 519, 1 a, b; 520, 1 ab, b, c; 
 521, 1 a-bc. 
 
 Du Bois, Jacques : see Sylvius. 
 
 Dubos, Jean Baptiste [dii-bo], French critic 
 and historian, YI. 283. 
 
 Dubosary [doo-bo-sa'-re], town of Russia, YI. 
 
 283. 
 
 Dubov'ka, town of Russia, YI. 283. 
 
 Dubris: see Dover, England. 
 
 Dubs, Jakob [doops], Swiss statesman, YI. 283. 
 Dubufe, Claude Marie, French painter, YI. 
 
 283. Edouard, painter, 284, 1 a. 
 
 Dubuisson, Paul Ulrich [du-bwe-so ng ], French 
 author, YI. 284. 
 
 Dubuque [du-buke'], county, YI. 284. Chief 
 city of Iowa, 1 c. 
 
 Dubuque , Julien, French Canadian, YI. 285, 
 1 b; X. 282, 1 a. 
 
 Du Camp, Maxime [dii ka ng ], French artist 
 and author, YI. 285. 
 
 Du Cange, Charles du Fresne, sieur [dii ka ng zh], 
 French historian and philologist, YI. 285. 
 Ducarel', Andrew Coltee, English antiquary, 
 YI. 285. 
 
 Du'cas, Joannes, Byzantine prince, YI. 771, 1 b. 
 Ducas, Michael, Byzantine historian, YI. 286. 
 Duc'at, coin, YI. 286. 
 
DUCCIO 
 
 DUFOUR 
 
 275 
 
 Duccio di Buoninsegna [doot'-cho de bwo- 
 nin-sa'-nya], Italian painter, VI. 286. 
 
 Pucena'rius , Byzantine imperial officer, XIII. 
 176, 1 c. 
 
 Du Chaillu, Paul Belloni [dti sha-yii], Ameri¬ 
 can traveller, VI. 286. 
 
 Du Chatelet, Gabrielle fknilie le Tonnelier de 
 Breteuil, marchioness [dii shat-la], French 
 authoress, VI. 287. 
 
 Duciie, Jacob [du-sha'], chaplain of the first 
 continental congress, VI. 287. His lapse, 2 b. 
 See Adams, Samuel, I. 109, 1 b. 
 
 Duchesne, AndiA [du-sliain], French historian, 
 VI. 287. Frangois, 2 c. 
 
 Duchesne , Pore: see Hebert, Jacques Ren6. 
 
 Duchesne de Gisors, Jean Baptiste Joseph 
 [du.h zhe-zor], French painter, VI. 287. 
 
 Ducis, Jean Frangois [dti-se], poet, VI. 288. 
 
 Duck, VI. 288. River ducks, 1 b. Pin-tailed 
 duck, 1 c (ill.); mallard, 2 be (ill.); shovel¬ 
 ler .or spoon-bill, 289, 1 b; Muscovy, 1 c. 
 Sea ducks, 2 a. Scaup duck, 2 ab (ill., 288); 
 ring-necked, 2 b; red-head, 290,1 a; golden¬ 
 eyed, 1 b; buffel-headed, 1 c (ill., 289); har¬ 
 lequin, 2 a (ill., 289) ; long-tailed or old wife, 
 2 b (ill., 289); pied, 2 c (ill., 291); velvet, 
 291, 1 a; surf, 1 c (ill.); scoter, ib. Spiny- 
 tailed ducks, 2 a. Ruddy duck, 2 b (ilk). 
 The domestic duck, 2 be. See Canvas-back, 
 Gadwall, Merganser, Sheldrake, Teal, 
 Widgeon, and Wood Duck. 
 
 Duck Hawk: see Falcon, VII. 68, 1 a. 
 
 DucJcinfield: see Dukinfield. 
 
 Ducking stool , instrument of punishment, V. 
 556, 2 ab. 
 
 Duclos, Charles Pineau [dii-klo], French au¬ 
 thor, VI. 292. 
 
 Ducornet, Louis C6sar Joseph [du-kor-na], 
 French artist without arms, VI. 272. 
 
 Du Couret [dii koo-ra] : see Abd-el-Hamid. 
 
 Ducrot, Auguste Alexandre [du-kro], French 
 general, VI. 292. 
 
 Ductility, of metals, VI. 292. 
 
 Ducts , in plants, XIII. 579, 1 a. 
 
 Ductus cochlearis [kok-le-a'-ris], of the ear, 
 XV. 185, 1 b. 
 
 Ductus commu'nis choledochus [ko-led'-o-kus]: 
 see Biliary Ducts, II. 636, 2 c. 
 
 Duddon, river of England, VI. 292. 
 
 Du Deffand, Madame: see Deffand. 
 
 Dudevant, Amantine Lucille Aurore Dupin 
 [dud-va ng ], (George Sand), French novelist, 
 VI,. 292. See Chopin, IV. 516, 2 a; Musset, 
 Alfred de, XII. 104, 2 a. (Died 1876.) 
 
 Dudlei'an lecture , at Harvard college, VI. 295, 
 1 be. 
 
 Dudley, town of England, VI. 293. 
 
 Dudley, English historical family, VI. 294. 
 John, earl of Warwick and duke of Northum¬ 
 berland, 1 a, 439, 1 a; VIII. 253, T b, if. 
 Lord Guilford Dudley, VI. 294, 1 b; VIII. 
 253, 1 b, 2 ab. Robert, earl of Leicester, VI. 
 294,1 b. Sir Robert, self-styled earl of AYar- 
 wick, 2 b. 
 
 Dudley, Thomas, governor of Massachusetts, 
 VI. 295. Joseph, governor, 1 a. Paul, chief 
 justice, 1 b. 
 
 Dudley, Benjamin Winslow, American sur¬ 
 geon, VI. 295. 
 
 Dudley, Charles Edward, American senator, 
 VI. 295. His wife (Blandina), 2 b; I. 247,1 a. 
 Dudley observatory , Albany, I. 247, 1 a; XVI. 
 113, 2 be. 
 
 Dudswell , county seat, XVI. 697, 1 a. 
 Dudweiler [doot'-vi-ler], town of Prussia, VI. 
 295. 
 
 Duel, VI. 295. Judicial ordeal, 2 b. Duelling 
 in France, 296, 1 a; female duels, 2 a; in 
 other continental countries, ib. ; in England, 
 1 c; in Ireland, 297, 1 be; in America, 2 a. 
 Sentiment in the northern states, 298, 1 a. 
 Penalty at common -law, ib. ; in the United 
 States service, 1 b. Penalties for challen¬ 
 ging, IV. 233, 1 a. Richelieu’s ordinance 
 against duelling, XIV. 317, 1 c. 
 
 Duendes [Sp. dwain'-£Aace]: see Fairies, VII. 
 64, 1 a. 
 
 Du'er, John, American jurist, VI. 298. 
 
 Duero [dwa'-ro], river: see Douro. 
 
 Dufaure, Jules Armand Stanislas [du-fore], 
 French statesman, VI. 298. 
 
 Du Fay, Charles Frangois de Cisternay, French 
 savant, VI. 298. His theory of two electric 
 fluids, 501, 1 a; 512, 1 a. 
 
 Dufay , Guillaume , Flemish composer, XII. 
 88, 2 be. 
 
 Duff, Alexander, Scottish missionary, VI. 298. 
 Dufferin, Frederick Temple Hamilton Black¬ 
 wood, earl of, English statesman and author, 
 VI. 299. Governor general of Canada, 1 c. 
 Countess of, authoress, ib. Baroness of: 
 see Gifford, Helen Selina. 
 
 Duffy, Sir Charles Gavan, Irish politician, VI. 
 299. 
 
 Dufour, Guillaume Henri [du-foor], Swiss gen¬ 
 eral, VI. 299. (Died 1875.) 
 
 Dufour, IAon, French naturalist, VI. 299. 
 His experiment in evaporation, 796, 2 b. 
 
276 
 
 DUFR£NOY 
 
 DUMONT 
 
 Dufrenoy, Pierre Armand [du-fra-nwa], 
 French geologist, YI. 299. Ilis treatise on 
 minerals, XI. 590, 1 c. 
 
 Du Fresne, Charles [dii train]: see Du Cange. 
 Dufresnoy, Charles Alphonse [du-fra-nwa], 
 French painter and poet, YI. 300. 
 
 Dufresny, Charles Riviere.[dti-fra-ne], French 
 dramatist, YI. 300. 
 
 Dugdale, Sir William, antiquary, YI. 300. 
 Dugommier , Gen. [dii-guh-mya], (Jean Fran¬ 
 cois Coquille, killed in battle, Nov. 17,1794): 
 see Bonaparte, Napoleon, III. 37, 2 c. 
 Dugong', cetacean, YI. 300 (ill., 301). 
 Duguay-Trouin, Ren6 [du ga-troo-a ng ], French 
 admiral, YI. 302. 
 
 Du Guesclin, Bertrand [dti ga-kla ng ], constable 
 of France, YI. 302. 
 
 Duguetia Quitarensis (botany), X. 138, 1 b. 
 
 Du Halde, Jean Baptiste [dii aid], French 
 geographer, YI. 302. 
 
 Duhamel, Jean Marie Constant [dii-a-mel], 
 French mathematician, YI. 302. 
 
 Duida [dwe'-ZAa], mountain of Venezuela, YI. 
 303. 
 
 Duilian column, referred to, III. 756, 2 be. 
 Duilius, Caius Nepos, Roman consul, YI. 303. 
 Duisburg [doo'-is-boorg], town of Prussia, YI. 
 
 303. * 
 
 Dujardin, Felix [dti-zhar-da ng ], French natu¬ 
 ralist, YI. 303. 
 
 Dujardin, Karel, Dutch painter, YI. 303. 
 Duke, title, YI. 303. Dukedom in England, 
 
 304. 1 a. Powers of dukes in feudal times, 
 VII. 160, 1 c, 2 ab. 
 
 Duke of Athens, sobriquet, VII. 277, 2 ab. 
 Dukes County, Massachusetts, YI. 304. 
 Dukhobortzi, religious sect, XIY. 485; 1 be. 
 Duk'infield, town of England, YI. 304. 
 Dulaure, Jacques Antoine [dii-lore], French 
 author and statesman, YI. 304. 
 
 Duloama'ra, medicine, YI. 304. 
 
 Dulce [dool'-sa], lake of Guatemala, YI. 304. 
 Gulf of Costa Rica, 2 c. River of the Ar¬ 
 gentine Republic, ib. 
 
 Dulce , liqueur, XY. 224, 1 be. 
 
 Dulcigno [dool-che'-nyo], town of Albania, YI. 
 
 305. 
 
 Dulcignottes, pirates: see Dulcigno. 
 Dulcimer, musical instrument, YI. 305. 
 Dulcite, a natural sugar, XY. 440, 2 a, b. 
 Dulcose: see Dulcite (Index). 
 
 Dulia, Catholic worship of saints, XI. 217, 2 a. 
 Dulong, Pierre Louis [du-ld ng ], French natural¬ 
 ist, YI. 305. His discoveries in chemistry, 
 
 1 be. His discovery of chloride of nitrogen, 
 
 VII. 38, 2 ab. Formation of nitrous anhy¬ 
 dride by him, XII. 467, 2 b. Velocity of 
 cooling ascertained by Dulong and Petit, 
 
 VIII. 570, 2 be. 
 
 Dulse : see Algze, I. 299, 2 c. 
 
 Duluth [du-looth'], city of Minnesota, YI. 305. 
 
 Du Luth, Jean [dti lilt], YI. 306, 1 be. 
 
 Dulwich [dul'-ich], suburb of London, YI. 306. 
 
 Dumanoir, Philippe FranQois Pinel [dii-ma- 
 nwar], French playwright, YI. 306. 
 
 Dumas, Alexandre Davy [dii-ma], French gen¬ 
 eral, YI. 306. Alexandre Davy, dramatist 
 and novelist, 2 be. Alexandre, novelist and 
 dramatist, 308, 1 a. See Anicet-Bourgeois, 
 and Maquet. 
 
 Dumas, Jean Baptiste, French chemist and 
 politician, YI. 308. Investigations in chem¬ 
 istry, IY. 368, 2 b. His theory of substitu¬ 
 tions, ib. His theory of alcoholic fermen¬ 
 tation, VII. 147, 1 ab. Dumas and Peligot’s 
 doctrine of alcohols, I. 265, 2 b. 
 
 Dumas, Matthieu, count, French soldier and 
 historian, YI. 308. Chretien Leon, count, 
 soldier, 309, 1 a. 
 
 Dumb ague, I. 209, 2 b. 
 
 Dumb biddings, at auction, II. 103, 1 a. 
 
 Dumb spinet (clavichord), IV. 647, 2 c. 
 
 Dumbarton, burgh of Scotland, YI. 309. Dum¬ 
 barton castle, 1 b. 
 
 Dumbartonshire, county of Scotland, YI. 309. 
 
 Dumdum, town of Bengal, YI. 309. 
 
 Dumeril, Andr6 Marie Constant [dii-ma-reel], 
 French physician and naturalist, YI. 309. 
 Anatomical theories of, XIII. 423,1 be. His 
 classification of fishes, IX. 160, 1 ab; of in¬ 
 sects, YI. 660, 2 b; of reptiles, VIII. 692, 
 
 2 c; by Dumeril and Bibron, 694, 1 a. His 
 divisions of mankind, YI. 754, 1 be.—Au¬ 
 guste Henri Andr6, physician and naturalist, 
 YI. 309, 2 b. 
 
 Dumfries [dum-freece'], burgh of Scotland, YI. 
 309. 
 
 Dumfriesshire, county of Scotland, YI. 310. 
 
 Dumichen, Johannes [du'-me- c hen], German 
 Egyptologist, YI. 310. 
 
 Dummer, Jeremiah, American scholar, YI. 310. 
 
 Dummer's meadows, Vermont, III. 214, 2 b. 
 Fort Dummer, ib. 
 
 Dummo'dah (or Dammoodah), river of Bengal 
 (350 m. long), VIII. 804,1 a, b; III. 446, 2 a. 
 
 Dumont, Pierre Etienne Louis [du.-mo ng ], Swiss 
 scholar, YI. 310. His friendship for Ben- 
 tham, II. 535, 2 a-b; 536, 2 a-b, c; 538, 2 a. 
 
DUMONT 
 
 DUPIN 
 
 277 
 
 Dumont d’Urville, Jules S6bastien C6sar [dur- 
 veel], French navigator, YI. 311. 
 
 Dumouriez, Charles Francois [dii-moor-ya], 
 French general, YI. 311. 
 
 Dumpsha , kind of melon, XI. 373, 2 a. 
 
 Duna, river of Eussia, YI. 311. 
 
 Dunaburg, town of Eussia, YI. 312. 
 
 Duna-Foldvar : see Foldvar. 
 
 Dunawas , last Ilimyarite prince, I. 621, 1 a. 
 
 Dunbar', town of Scotland, YI. 312. 
 
 Dunbar, William, Scottish poet, YI. 312. 
 
 Dunbar , Gavin , archbishop of Glasgow, IX. 
 516, 1 c. 
 
 Duncan , county seat, IY. 348, 1 c. 
 
 Duncan, king of Scotland : see Macbeth, and 
 VI. 433, 2 ab. 
 
 Duncan, Adam, viscount, admiral, YI. 312. 
 
 Duncan, Thomas, Scottish artist, YI. 312. 
 
 Duncker, Karl [doon'-ker], German publisher, 
 VI. 313. Maximilian Wolfgang, historian, 
 1 a. Franz Gustav, publisher, 1 b. Her¬ 
 mann, politician, ib. 
 
 Dundalk [dun-dawk'], town of Ireland, YI. 313. 
 
 Dundas', county of Canada, YI. 313. 
 
 Dundas, Henry, Viscount Melville, British 
 statesman, YI. 313. Eobert, second Vis¬ 
 count Melville, 314, 1 a. 
 
 Dundee', town of Scotland, YI. 314 (view). 
 
 Dundee , Viscount: see Graham, John. 
 
 Dunder: see Eum, XI Y. 465, 2 b. 
 
 Dunderberg , hill on the Hudson, IX. 30, 1 a. 
 
 Dun diver , bird, VIII. 104, 1 c. 
 
 Dundon'ald, Thomas Cochrane, earl of, British 
 admiral, YI. 314. Thomas Barnes Cochrane, 
 earlof, 315, 1 b. 
 
 Dun'drum Bay, Ireland, YI. 315. 
 
 Dune , sand hill, XY. 680, 1 a. 
 
 Dune'din, city of New Zealand, YI. 315. 
 
 Dunedin: see Edinburgh, YI. 407, 2 be. 
 
 Dunfermline [dun-ferm'-lin], town of Scot¬ 
 land, YI. 315. Abbey, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Dunflsh , IY. 795, 1 be. 
 
 Dun fly: see Mayfly, XI. 302, 1 b. 
 
 Dungan'non, town of Ireland, YI. 315. 
 
 Dungarvan, town of Ireland, YI. 315. 
 
 Dungenes , Asiatic tribe, IX. 771, 1 a. 
 
 Dungeon , origin of the name, XIY. 6, 1 c. 
 
 Dung'ing , in calico printing, III. 597, 1 a. 
 
 Dunglison, Eobley, American physician, YI. 
 315. 
 
 Dunkeld', town of Scotland, YI. 316. 
 
 Dunkergue [du ng -kairk]: see Dunkirk, France. 
 
 Hunkers, religious sect, YI. 316. Seventh 
 Day Dunkers, 2 be. 
 
 Dun'kirk, town of France, YI. 317. 
 
 Dunkirk, village of New York, YI. 317. 
 Dunklin, county, YI. 317. 
 
 Dunlap , county seat, XIY. 771, 2 c. 
 
 Dunlap, William, American painter, YI. 317. 
 Dun-le-Eoi [dii ng -luh-rwa], town of France, 
 YI. 318. 
 
 Dunlin , bird, XIY: 599, 2 be. 
 
 Dunmore , Lord (John Murray, fourth Earl 
 Dunmore, 1732-1809), governor of Virginia, 
 XYI. 383,1 c; II. 694, 2 c; YIH.664,1 c, ff. 
 Dunn, county, VI. 318. 
 
 Dunning, John, Lord Ashburton, English law¬ 
 yer, YI. 318. His employment of Kenyon, 
 
 IX. 806, 1 c. 
 
 Dunnot'tar, parish of Scotland, YI. 318. Cas¬ 
 tle, prison of the Covenanters, 1 c. 
 
 Dunois, Jean, comte de [dii-nwa], French sol¬ 
 dier, YI. 318. Castle of the counts Dunois, 
 
 IY. 334, 2 a (Chateaudun). 
 
 Duns , Irish antiquities, IX. 355, 1 a. 
 
 Duns Sootus, John, scholastic theologian, YI. 
 318. His philosophy, 2 c; XI. 811, 1 ab, 2 a; 
 XIII. 440, 1 b. His views on the immacu¬ 
 late conception, IX. 195, 1 be. 
 
 Dun'stable, town of England, YI. 319. 
 Dunstable , patent: see Straw, XY. 413, 2 a. 
 Dunstan, Saint, English prelate and statesman, 
 YI. 319. 
 
 Dunstek, Henry, first president of Harvard 
 college, YI. 319. 
 
 Dunton, John, English bookseller and author, 
 YI. 319. 
 
 Duodecimal, in mathematics, YI. 319. 
 Duodecimo (12mo), form of book, III. 75, 2 c. 
 Duode'num: see Intestine, IX. 323, 2 ab ; 
 
 Liver, X. 538, 1 be. Name, VIII. 692, 1 b. 
 Duomo [dwo'-mo], cathedral of Florence, IY. 
 
 118, 1 be; VII. 275, 1 ab. 
 
 Du Page, county, YI. 319. 
 
 Dupanloup, Felix Antoine Philippe [du-pa ng - 
 loo], French prelate, YI. 320. His views on 
 papal infallibility, 1 c ; IX. 265, 2 b. 
 Dupaty, Charles Marguerite Jean Baptiste 
 Mercier [dii-pa-te], French jurist, YI. 320. 
 Duperrey, Louis Isidor [du-pair-ra], French 
 naval officer, YI. 320. 
 
 Duperron, Jacques Davy [du-pair-ro ng ], French 
 prelate, VI. 320. 
 
 Du Petit-Thouars, Abel Aubert [dii pte-too- 
 ar], French naval officer, YI. 321. 
 
 Dupin, Andre Marie Jean Jacques [du-p& ng ], 
 Lawyer and politician, YI. 321. Pierre Charles 
 Francois, baron, economist, 2 b. 
 
278 
 
 DUPLEIX 
 
 DUTROCHET 
 
 Dupleix, Joseph Francois, marquis [dii-pla], 
 French soldier and statesman, VI. 322. 
 
 Duplessis , ArmandJean [dti-pla-se]: see Riche¬ 
 lieu, Cardinal, XIV. 317. Alphonse Louis, 
 318, 1 ab. Louis Francois Armand, marshal 
 de Richelieu, 1 c. Armand Emmanuel, duke 
 de Richelieu, ib. 
 
 Duplessis-Mornay : see Moenay. 
 
 Du'plicists , German sectarians, VIII. 755, 1 a. 
 
 Du'plin, county, VI. 322. 
 
 Duponceau, Peter Stephen [du-pon'-so], Amer¬ 
 ican lawyer and scholar, VI. 322. 
 
 Dupont, Jacques Charles [du-po ns ], French 
 politician, VI. 322. 
 
 Du Pont', Samuel Francis, American naval 
 officer, VI. 323. 
 
 Dupont de l’Ltang, Pierre, count [du-po ng 
 dub la-ta Dg ], French general, VI. 323. 
 
 Dupont de VEure [duh lh.hr] : see Dupont, 
 Jacques Charles. 
 
 Du Pont de Nemouks, Pierre Samuel [duh 
 niih-moor], economist and statesman, VI. 323. 
 
 Duport', James, English scholar, VI. 324. 
 
 Dupplin Moor , victory of, II. 244, 2 b. 
 
 Dupkat, Antoine [dti-pra], cardinal, VI. 324. 
 
 Duprez, Gilbert Louis [dti-pra], French singer, 
 VI. 325. Caroline Van den Ileuvel, singer, 
 1 ab. Edouard, librettist, 1 b. 
 
 Dupuis, Charles Francois [du-pwe], French 
 scholar and philosopher, VI. 325. 
 
 Dupuytren, Guillaume [dii-pwe-tra ng ], French 
 surgeon, VI. 325. 
 
 Duquesne, Abraham [dii-kain], French naval 
 officer, VI. 325. 
 
 Duquesne, Fort: see Pittsburgh. 
 
 Duram, or Durao, Joze de Santa Rita [doo- 
 row ng '], Brazilian poet, VI. 326. 
 
 Dura mater , of the brain, III. 187, 2 c. 
 
 Du'ramen , heart wood, I. 259, 1 c. 
 
 Durand ', county seat, XIII. 278, 1 a. 
 
 Durand, Asher Brown, American painter, VI. 
 326. John, author, 2 b. 
 
 Durango [doo-rang'-go], state of Mexico, VI. 
 
 326. Capital city, 2 c. 
 
 Durante, Francesco [doo-ran'-ta], Italian com¬ 
 poser, VI. 327. 
 
 Durao : see Duram. 
 
 Durazzo [doo-rat'-so], Albanian town, VI. 327. 
 
 Durbin, John Price, American clergyman, VI. 
 
 327. (Died 1876.) 
 
 Du'een, town of Prussia, VI. 327. 
 
 Durer, Albrecht, German painter and en¬ 
 graver, VI. 327; 652, 1 b. 
 
 Du'ress, in law, VI. 328; V. 290, 2 b; 490,1 be. 
 
 Durfee, Job, American author and jurist, VI. 
 329. 
 
 D’Urfey, Thomas [dur'-fe], English poet, VI. 
 329. 
 
 Durgd , Hindoo goddess, IX. 228, 2 ab. 
 
 Durham, county of England, VI. 329. City, 
 2 b. University, 2 c; origin of, XVI. 211, 
 1 a. Cathedral, VI. 329, 2 c (ill., 330). 
 
 Durham, John George Lambton, earl of, Eng¬ 
 lish statesman, VI. 330. 
 
 Durham cattle , IV. 130, 2 ab (ill.). 
 
 Du'rian , fruit, VI. 331, 1 b (Durio) ; III. 104, 
 1 c; XI. 60, 1 b. 
 
 Durieu , Gen. [du-re-uh], referred to, I. 307,1 b. 
 
 Duringsfeld, Ida von [fon dti'-rinks-felt], Ger¬ 
 man authoress, VI. 330. (Died 1876.) 
 
 Du'rio, fruit tree, VI. 331. * 
 
 Durkheim [diirk'-hime], town of Bavaria, VI. 
 331. 
 
 Durlacii [door'-la k h], town of Baden, VI. 331. 
 
 Durnomria: see Dorchester, England. 
 
 Duroc, Gerard Christophe Michel [dii-ruk], 
 duke of Friuli, French general, VI. 331. 
 
 Durocas'ses: see Deeux, VI. 263, 2 a. 
 
 Durocornomum: see Cirencester, IV. 612,1 a. 
 
 Durra [door'-ra], grain, XII. 530, 1 a; XV. 
 170, 1 a. 
 
 Durranis [door-ra'-neez], tribe of Afghanistan, 
 I. 160, 2 a; 211, 2 ab. 
 
 Durrovernum: see Canterbury, III. 725, 2 a. 
 
 Duruy, Victor [dti-rti-e], French historian, VI. 
 331. 
 
 Durzi [door'-ze]: see Druses, VI. 272, 2 b. 
 
 Dusares , Nabatheangod of war, XII. 117, 2 a. 
 
 Dussek, John Louis [doos'-sek], Bohemian 
 composer and pianist, VI. 331. 
 
 Dus'seldorf, city of Prussia, VI. 332 (view). 
 
 Dustin , Mrs. Hannah , capture by Indians, and 
 escape, VIII. 524, 2 a. 
 
 Dutch bulbs: see Hyacinth, IX. 99, 2 a. 
 
 Dutch carrotee , kind of snuff, XV. 783, 2 c. 
 
 Dutch Guiana: see Guiana. 
 
 Dutch Language and Literature : see Neth¬ 
 erlands, Language and Literature of the. 
 
 Dutch liquid: see Chloric Ether. 
 
 Dutch pink, water color, XVI. 546, 2 a. 
 
 Dutchess, county, VI. 332. 
 
 Dutchman's breeches , plant, VI. 86, 2 c. 
 
 Dutchman 1 s pipe, vine, XV. 130, 2 b. 
 
 Duthe, Mile, [dii-ta], a mistress of Charles X., 
 IV. 288, 1 a. 
 
 Du ToiVs Pan , African settlement, II. 777, 1 a. 
 
 Dutrochet, Rene Joachim Henri [dti-truh- 
 sha], French physiologist, VI. 333- 
 
DUTTEEAH 
 
 DZUNGARS 
 
 279 
 
 Dcttee'aii, town of India, YI. 333. 
 
 Duttweiler: see Dudweiler. 
 
 Duumtirs [du-ura'-vers], ancient Roman offi¬ 
 cers, YI. 333. 
 
 Duva [doo'-va], tree, YII. 110, 1 c. 
 
 Duval [du-vawl'], two counties, YI. 333. 
 
 Duval, Yalentin Jameray [dii-val], French 
 scholar, YI. 333. 
 
 Duvergier de Hauranne, Jean [dti-vair-zlie-a 
 duh o-ran], French theologian, YI. 334. 
 Prosper, politician and author, 1 b (d. 1877). 
 
 Duvernev [du-vair-na], contractor, referred to, 
 II. 428, 1 c, 2 b. 
 
 Duvernoy, Georges Louis [du-vair-nwa], French 
 naturalist, YI. 334. 
 
 Duveyrier, Honors Nicolas Marie, baron [dii- 
 va-re-a], French jurist and politician, YI. 
 334. Anne Honore Joseph, author, 2 b. 
 Charles, writer, ib. Henri, explorer, 2 be. 
 
 Duxbury, town of Massachusetts, YI. 334. 
 
 Duyckinck, Evert Augustus [dl'-kink], Ameri¬ 
 can author, YI. 335. George Long, 1 b. 
 
 Duyse, Prudens van [van doi'-z&h], Flemish 
 poet, YI. 335. 
 
 Dvergar [dvair'-gar], Scandinavian fairies, YII. 
 64, 1 c. 
 
 Dvina [dve'-na]: see Dwina. 
 
 Dvinaburg [dve'-na-boorg]: see Dunaburg. 
 
 Dwaraca [dwa-ra'-ka], town of Hindostan, 
 YI. 335. 
 
 Dwarf, YI. 335. Artificial dwarfs, 1 a. Dwarfs 
 of Africa, 1 ab ; XIY. 103, 1 c. Celebrated 
 dwarfs, YI. 335, 1 b, ff. Mythical dwarfs, 
 YII. 64, 2 b (Fairies). 
 
 Dicarka: see Dwaraca. 
 
 Dwight, Edmund, American merchant, YI. 
 336. 
 
 Dwight, John Sullivan, American author and 
 critic, YI. 336. 
 
 Dwight, Timothy, divine and scholar, YI. 336. 
 Sereno Edwards, clergyman, 337, 1 c. Wil¬ 
 liam Theodore, lawyer and clergyman, 2 b. 
 Theodore, lawyer, author, and journalist, 
 Si be. Theodore (2d), author, 338, 1 a. 
 
 Dwina, Northern [dve'-na], river of Russia, 
 YI. 338. Southern : see Duna. 
 
 Dy'aks : see Borneo, III. 104, 2 c. Land 
 and Sea Dyaks, 105, 1 a. See Brooke, Sir 
 James, 317, 1 a-b. Language, XI. 57, 2 a. 
 Dyce, Alexander, British scholar, YI. 338. 
 William, painter, 2 a. 
 
 Dyeing, YI. 338. History, 2 c. Art of dyeing, 
 339, 2 a. Methods of fixing a dye, 2 c. 
 Mordants, 340, 1 a. Dyeing wool, 341, 1 a 
 and c; silk, 342, 2 b ; cotton and linen, 343, 
 
 1 c. Use of lichens in dyeing, X. 411, 1 b. 
 Dyer, county, YI. 343. 
 
 Dyer, George, English author, YI. 343. 
 
 Dyer, John, English poet, YI. 343. 
 
 Dyer, Mary, Quaker martyr, YI. 344. 
 Dyersburg , county seat, YI. 343, 2 c. 
 
 Dyers' mignonette , rocket , or iceed : see Weld. 
 Dyers'weed : see Woodwaxen. 
 
 Dyestone , iron ore, XY. 643, 1 c. 
 
 Dymond, Jonathan, English author, YI. 344. 
 Dynamical electricity: see Galvanism, YII. 
 586, 1 a. 
 
 Dynamics : see Mechanics. Defined, XI. 315, 
 
 2 c. 
 
 Dy'namite : see Explosives, YII. 37, 1 c; II. 
 699, 2 b. 
 
 Dynamom'eter, for measuring power, Yl. 344. 
 Dyrrhachium [dur-ra'-ke-um], city of ancient 
 Illyricum, YI. 344. 
 
 Dysart [dl'-zart], town of Scotland, YI. 345. 
 Dys'entery, disease, YI. 345. Treatment, 2 a. 
 Dysodiachrysanthemoides{ botany), XI. 167,1 b. 
 Dyson , Jeremiah , Akenside’s patron, I. 226,1 b. 
 Dyspepsia, YI. 345. Treatment, 346, 1 a. 
 Dyspnoea [disp-ne'-a], in bronchitis, III. 312,1 a. 
 Dys’porus (ornithology), III. 73, 1 a. 
 Dyssem’ites , branch of the Semites, YI. 759, 
 2 a; XIY. 760, 2 a. 
 
 Dziggetai [dzig-geh-t!']: see Ass. 
 
 Dzungaria [dzoon-ga'-re-a]: see Turkistan, 
 XYI. 67, 1 ab; III. 623, 1 c. 
 
 Dzungars, or Dzungaris , Mongol race, III. 623, 
 1 c; II. 241, 2 c. 
 
280 
 
 E 
 
 EASTER 
 
 E 
 
 E, letter, VI. 346. The basis of the vowel 
 system, 1 c. Its use in abbreviations, 2 c; 
 in syllogisms, 347, 1 a; on coins, ib. ; as a 
 numeral and a musical sign, ib. 
 
 E'a , Accadian goddess, XII. 117, 1 a. 
 Eaciiard, John [etch'-ard], English divine, VI. 
 347. 
 
 Eadmer [ed'-mer], monk and historian, VI. 347. 
 Eads, Capt. James B., designer of the St. Louis 
 bridge, III. 276, lb. His caissons, 557, 1 a. 
 His revolving battery, IX. 387, 1 c (ill.). 
 Eagle, bird of prey, VI. 347. Golden eagle, 
 
 1 c (ill.) ; spotted, 348, 1 c; bald, ib. (ill.); 
 bird of Washington, 349, 1 b; cinereous sea 
 eagle, 2 a (ill.); northern do., 2 c; black- 
 tufted, 350, 1 a; reptile, 1 b (ill.); Brazilian, 
 
 2 a (ilk). The eagle in mythology, ib. ; on 
 national standards, 1 b. Double-headed, in 
 heraldry, VIII. 673, 1 c. 
 
 Eagle, coin, VI. 350. 
 
 Eagle of Meaux : see Bossttet, III. 115, 2 ab. 
 Eagle Pass , county seat, XI. 295, 1 b. 
 
 Eagle ray , fish, XIV. 223, 1 a. 
 
 Eagle River, county seat, IX. 816, 1 b. 
 
 Eagle Wood, VI. 351. Referred to, I. 347, 
 1 be; III. 564, 1 ab. 
 
 Ealdor [el'-dor], Saxon title of honor, 1.268, 2 b. 
 Ealdorman, Saxon title of honor, I. 268, 2 b; 
 499, 2 b; VI. 352, 2 c. 
 
 Ear, VI. 351. Parts of the, 1 be (ilk)- Causes 
 of deafness, 352,1 b. Cultivation of the sense 
 of hearing, 1 be. Form of the external ear, 
 1 c. See Harmony, VIII. 467, 2 a; Sound, 
 XV. 174, 1 c, 185, 1 b. 
 
 Earing, in a ship’s cordage, XIV. 866, 1 a. 
 Earl, title of nobility, VI. 352. Former juris¬ 
 diction of earls, 353, 1 a; XIV. 848, 2 c. 
 Present rank, style, and insignia, VI. 353, 
 1 c. Earl marshal, 2 a; VIII. 674, 1 c. 
 Earle, Pliny, American inventor, VI. 353. 
 Pliny, physician, 2 b. Thomas, writer on 
 law, 2 c. 
 
 Earl Marshal : see Earl, VI. 353, 2 a. 
 Early, county, VI. 354. 
 
 Early, Jubal A., confederate general, VI. 354. 
 Earnest, giving by way of, VII. 447, 1 be. 
 
 Earnest money, 1 c. 
 
 Ear Shell, VI. 354; XI. 723, 1 b. 
 
 Earth, VI. 354. Its figure, 2 c. Earth-meas¬ 
 uring expeditions of 1735—’45, 355,1 c. Equa¬ 
 
 torial and polar diameters, 356, 1 a. Den¬ 
 sity, 356, 1 c; Michell’s torsion balance for 
 determining it, 357, 2 c (ill.). Motions, 358, 
 2 a; Foucault’s experiment with the gyro¬ 
 scope, 2 be; with the pendulum, 2 c; other 
 proofs of its rotary motion, 359, 1 ab.—Age 
 of the earth, I. 180, 2 a. Axis of its nuta¬ 
 tion discovered, III. 181, 1 c. Its figure: 
 see Coast Survey, IV. 762, 2 b. Its elasti¬ 
 city, VI. 489, 2 c. Its atmosphere, XIII. 
 629, 1 b. Its attraction, 1 c. 
 
 Earthen Mound, near Edinburgh, VI. 405, 2 a. 
 
 Earthenware : see Pottery and Porcelain. 
 
 Earthquake, VI. 359. Memorable earth¬ 
 quakes, 360, 1 c; in Italy and Sicily, ib. ; 
 of Viege, 2 be; in Portugal, 2 c; in Syria, 
 361, 1 be; in India, 1 c; in the United 
 States, 2 ab; in the West Indies, 362, 1 c; 
 in San Salvador, ib. ; in South America, 2 a; 
 in the Hawaiian islands, 363, 1 a. Registra¬ 
 tion of earthquakes, 1 c. Connection with 
 volcanoes, 364, 1 be; with the atmosphere, 
 2 ab. Geographical distribution, 2 c. Con¬ 
 sequent physical changes, 365, 2 be. Earth¬ 
 quake waves, 366, 1 a. Nature of the 
 shock, 1 c, ff. Origin of earthquakes, 368, 
 1 c, ff. Earthquake-proof buildings, 370, 
 1 a. Effect of earthquakes on tides, XV. 
 744, 1 be. 
 
 Earth star, fungus, VII. 533, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Earths, in chemistry, VI. 370. Earths pro¬ 
 per, so-styled, 1 ab. Alkaline earths, ib. ; 
 I. 322, 1 b. 
 
 Earth Worm, VI. 370 (ill.). 
 
 Ear Trumpet, VI. 371. Auricle, 372, 1 ab; 
 tympanum, ib. 
 
 Earwig, insect, VI. 371 (ill.). 
 
 Easdale, island of Scotland, VI. 372. 
 
 Easement, in law, VI. 372. 
 
 East, quarter of the heavens, VI. 373. 
 
 East Baton Rouge, parish of Louisiana, VI. 373. 
 
 East Birmingham, Pa.: see Birmingham. 
 
 East Bridgewater, Mass.: see Bridgewater. 
 
 Eastburn, James Wallis, American author, 
 VI. 373. Manton, bishop, 2 a. 
 
 East End, London, X. 618, 2 b. 
 
 Easter, VI. 373. Controversy respecting the 
 time of celebration, 2 c; decision, 374, 1 c; 
 date, ib., and III. 579, 2 ab. Celebration 
 of it, VI. 374, 2 a. 
 
EASTER 
 
 ECCHELLENSIS 
 
 281 
 
 Easter Island, Pacific ocean, VI. 374. Gi¬ 
 gantic statues, 375, 1 a. 
 
 Easterlings , traders, XIII. 794, 2 b. 
 
 Eastern church: see Greek Ciiurcii. 
 
 Eastern Empire : see Byzantine Empire. 
 Eastern Siberia, province, IX. 740, 2 b. 
 
 East Feliciana, parish of Louisiana, VI. 375. 
 East Greenwich , county seat, IX. 793, 2 a. 
 East India Companies, VI. 375. Dutch, 1 c. 
 French, 2 c. Danish, ib. English, 376, la; 
 IX. 209, 2 be; factories, VI. 376, 1 c. 
 United company of merchants trading to the 
 East Indies, 377, 1 a. Indian revolt of 1857 
 -8 and the legislation following it, 378, 1 c. 
 East India gum , VIII. 320, 2 b. 
 
 East India marine society: see Salem, XIV. 
 562, 1 c. 
 
 East Indian museum , London, X. 605, 2 b. 
 East Indies, VI. 378. 
 
 Eastlake, Sir Charles Locke, English painter, 
 VI. 378. Lady Eastlake, 379, 1 a. 
 Eastland, county, VI. 379. 
 
 East Liverpool, village of Ohio, VI. 379. 
 
 East Lothian: see Haddingtonshire. 
 Eastman, county seat, VI. 174, 2 b. 
 
 Eastman, Charles Gamage, American poet, 
 VI. 379. 
 
 Eastman, Mary Henderson, authoress, VI. 379. 
 Eastman, Capt. Seth, VI. 379, 1 c. 
 
 East New York, village, VI. 379. 
 
 Easton, borough of Pennsylvania, VI. 379. 
 Easton, county seat, XV. 554, 2 b. 
 
 Eastport, town of Maine, VI. 380. 
 
 East River, strait of New York, VI. 380. 
 
 East River Bridge : see Bridge, III. 274, 1 c 
 (ill., 275); Brooklyn, III. 321, 1 a. Caisson 
 of, 557, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 East Saginaw, city of Michigan, VI. 380. 
 
 East Thomaston, town, XIV. 370, 1 ab. 
 Eastville, county seat, XII. 487, 1 a. 
 
 Eaton, county, VI. 381. 
 
 Eaton, county seat, XIII. 806, 2 a. 
 
 Eaton, Amos, American physicist, VI. 381. 
 Eaton, George W., American clergyman and 
 educator, VI. 381. 
 
 Eaton, William, American general, VI. 381; 
 
 II. 338, 2 b ; X. 268, 2 b. 
 
 Eatonton, county seat, XIV. 99, 2 b. 
 
 Eatj Claire [o klair], county, VI. 382. 
 
 Eau Claire, county seat, VI. 382, 1 c. 
 
 Eau d'ange [o da ng zh], fragrant distilled water, 
 XII. 112, 2 c. 
 
 Eau de Cologne [dhh ko-lone'], Cologne water, 
 VI. 382. Process of preparing it, 2 b. 
 
 Eau de creole [o dhh kra-ul], aromatic liquor, 
 
 XI. 84, 1 b. 
 
 Eau de Luce, a liquid soap, VI. 382. 
 
 Eau medicinale I'Eusson [6 ma-de-se-nal dii- 
 so Dg ], medicine, V. 43, 2 c. 
 
 Eau de mille fleurs [6 duh meel fliir], perfume, 
 XIII. 289, 1 b; 290, 1 a. 
 
 Eau de naphre [6 duh nafr 1 ], aromatic water, 
 
 XII. 663, 2 b. 
 
 Ebal and Gerizim [gher'-e-zim], two moun¬ 
 tains of Palestine, VI. 382. 
 
 Ebb stream: see Tides, XV. 747, 2 a. 
 Ebeling, Christoph Daniel [a'-beh-ling], Ger¬ 
 man scholar, VI. 383. 
 
 Ebelmen, M. [a-bel-ma ng ], (Jacques Joseph, 
 French chemist, 1814-’52), his experiments 
 in making artificial gems, VII. 665, 1 b. 
 Ebena’cece (botany), V. 699, 2 c. 
 
 Ebene'zer, a place and a monument, VI. 383. 
 E’bensburg , county seat, III. 641, 2 a. 
 Eberhard, Johann August [a'-ber-hart], Ger¬ 
 man philosopher, VI. 383. 
 
 Eberhard, Konrad, German artist, VI. 383. 
 Eberhard im Bart, first duke of Wtirtemberg, 
 VI. 383. 
 
 Ebernburg [a'-bern-boorg], ruins of the castle 
 of, V. 479, 1 c. 
 
 Ebers, Georg Moritz [a'-berce], German Egyp¬ 
 tologist, VI. 383. 
 
 E'bionites, in the early church, VI. 383 ; XV. 
 869, 2 c. 
 
 Eblis, Mohammedan fallen angel, XI. 697, 2 c. 
 Ebn : see Ben. 
 
 Eboe tree [e-bo'-e], XV. 796, 2 a. 
 
 Eboli, Anna de Mendoza, princess of [a'-bo-le], 
 Spanish lady, VI. 384. 
 
 Eb’onite, hard rubber, III. 737, 1 c; 740, 1 a. 
 Ebony, tree, VI. 384. See Date Plum. 
 
 Ebony of the Alps, tree, X. 75, 1 a. 
 
 Ebora'cum, ancient town: see York, England. 
 Ebro [a'-bro], river of Spain, VI. 384. 
 Ebrodu'num: see Yverdun. 
 
 Eburodu’num: see Embrun. 
 
 Ecarte [a-kar-ta], game of cards, VI. 384. 
 Ecba'lium agres'te (botany), V. 559, 1 a. 
 Ecbat'ana, capital of ancient Media, VI. 385. 
 Ec'ce Ho'mo, portrait of Christ, IV. 523, 1 c. 
 
 Life of Christ, XIV. 752, 2 ab. 
 
 Eccelino [et-cha-le'-no]: see Ezzelino. 
 Eccentric, of a steam engine, XV. 341, 2 be. 
 Eccentric cutter, in turning, XVI. 74, 1 c. 
 Eccentric mill, II. 780, 2 a. 
 
 Ecchellensis, Abraham [ek-kel-len'-sis], Syr¬ 
 ian scholar, VI. 385. 
 
282 
 
 ECCHYMOSIS 
 
 EDGAR 
 
 Ecchymo'sis, extravasation of blood into the 
 cellular membrane, XI. 339, 1 c, if. 
 
 Eocle'sia, YI. 385. In Athens, 2 a; II. 55, 
 2 b. In later Greek and Latin, YI. 386,1 ab. 
 
 Ecclesias'tes, book of the Bible, YI. 386. 
 
 Ecclesiastical reservation, in the peace of Augs¬ 
 burg, XY. 709, 1 a. Of land in Canada, III. 
 679, 1 a. 
 
 Ecclesiasticus, apocryphal book of the Old 
 Testament, YI. 386. 
 
 Eccloo [ek'-klo]: see Eecloo. 
 
 Echellensis : see Ecciiellensis. 
 
 Echeneis [ek-e-ne'-is]: see Sucking Fisn. 
 
 Eoheverria, Esteban [a-cha-vair'-re-a], Span¬ 
 ish poet, YI. 386. 
 
 Echeverria, Dr. (of New York), his investiga¬ 
 tions of epileptic insanity, IX. 306, 1 a. 
 
 Echidna [e-kid'-na]: see Porcupine Ant- 
 eater, and Monotremata. 
 
 Echinades [e-ki'-na-deez], Greek islands, YI. 
 386. 
 
 Echinococcus (entozoa), I. 61, 1 c. E. liominis, 
 YI. 666, 1 a. 
 
 Echinoder'mata : see Eciiinoderms. 
 
 Eciii'noderms, radiated animals, YI. 386. 
 
 Echinoids [ek'-e-noidz]: see Echinus. 
 
 Echinorhyn'chus (entozoa), YI. 668, 1 a. 
 
 Echi'nus, genus of echinoderms, YI. 387. Sea 
 urchins, 1 b (ills.). 
 
 Echinus, in architecture, I. 656, 1 c. 
 
 EchineVla flabella'ta, diatom (ill.), YI. 84, 1 b. 
 
 Echo, reflected sound, YI. 388. 
 
 Echo, in mythology, YI. 388. 
 
 Echols [ek'-ulz], county, YI. 390. 
 
 Ecija [a'-the- k ha], city of Spain, YI. 390. 
 
 Eciton [a-the-tone'], foraging ant, XII. 423, 2 c. 
 
 Eck, Johann Mayr von, German theologian, 
 YI. 390. 
 
 Eck'ermann, Johann Peter, author, YI. 390. 
 
 Eokersberg, Christoph Wilhelm [ek'-erce- 
 bairg], Danish painter, YI. 390. 
 
 Eckford, Henry, American shipbuilder, YI. 390. 
 
 Eckhart, Meister, father of German mysti¬ 
 cism, YI. 391. 
 
 Eckhout [ek'-howt]: see Eeckiiout. 
 
 Eckius: see Eck. 
 
 Eokmuhl, village of Bavaria, and battle of, YI. 
 
 391. Prince of, 1 c, and Y. 718, 1 c. 
 
 Eckstein, Ferdinand, baron d’ [dek-sta ng ], 
 French publicist, YI. 391. 
 
 Eclectic medicine , XI. 352, 1 a. 
 
 Eclectic school of education , YI. 414, 1 a. 
 
 Eclectic school of philosophy , YI. 391 ; XII. 
 225, 1 a. 
 
 Eclecticism , Cousin’s philosophy, Y. 435, 1 c, 
 2 a; 436, 1 ab; YI. 391, 2 c. 
 
 Eclectics, ancient philosophers, YI. 391. 
 Eclectics , school of painting, Y. 768, 1 b. 
 Eclipse, YI. 391. Occultation, 2 c. Transit, 
 
 392, 1 a. Solar eclipse, 1 ab; XY. 473,1 a. 
 Lunar, YI. 392, 1 b. 
 
 Ecliptic, in astronomy, YI. 392. 
 
 Economy, village of Pennsylvania, XIY. 208,1 b. 
 ficore d Fabre [a-kore a fabr’], hunters’ ren¬ 
 dezvous in Arkansas, III. 648, 1 a. 
 flcouen [a-kwa ng ], (near Paris), school at, found¬ 
 ed by Napoleon I., III. 660, 1 c. Edict of, 
 YIII. 654, 1 ab. 
 
 Ecstasy, disease, IY. 97, 1 b.' 
 
 Ectopis'tes migrate'ria (ornithology), XIII. 149, 
 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Ecuador [ek-wa-dor'; Sp. a-kwa-^ore'], a 
 South American republic, YI. 392. Map, 
 
 393. Coast, 392, 2 c. Surface, 394, 1 ab. 
 Rivers, 2 b. Geology, 395, 1 b. Climate, 
 
 1 c. Productions, 2 be. Animals, 396, 1 a. 
 Industries, 1 b. Commerce, 1 c. Roads, 
 
 2 b. Divisions and population, 2 c. In¬ 
 dians, 397, 1 ab. Government, 2 b. Educa¬ 
 tion, 398, 1 b. History, 1 c. 
 
 Ecze'ma epizoot'ica, cattle disease, XII. 58, 1 c. 
 Edda, in Scandivanian literature, YI. 399. 
 The elder, Edda of Ssemund, 1 b. The 
 younger, prose Edda, 2 be. 
 
 Eddystone lighthouse , YI. 400, 1 be (ill.) ; X. 
 459, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Eddystone Rocks, English channel, YI. 400. 
 
 Lighthouse, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Eddyville, county seat, X. 755, 1 a. 
 
 Edee'yahs, aborigines of Fernando Po, YII. 
 148, 2 c. 
 
 Edla, countess of (Eliza Hensler), YII. 139, 
 1 b. 
 
 EdeTberga: see Heidelberg. 
 
 Ed'elred: see Etiielred I. 
 
 Eden, of Scripture, YI. 400. 
 
 Eden, county seat, III. 371, 1 a. 
 
 Edenta'ta (zoology), YI. 400. Groups of, 401, 
 
 1 a, if. 
 
 Edenton, county seat, IY. 522, 2 b. 
 
 Edessa, ancient city of Mesopotamia, YI. 401. 
 Castle of (ill.), 402. School of, XY. 548, 
 
 2 ab.—Ancient capital of Macedonia, YI. 
 402, 1 b. 
 
 Edfoo', city of Upper Egypt, YI. 402. Ruino 
 of temples, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Edgar, county, YI. 403. 
 
 Edgar, king of the Anglo-Saxons, YI. 403. 
 
EDGAR 
 
 EDWARDS 
 
 2S3 
 
 Edgar Atii'eling, Anglo-Saxon prince, VI. 
 403. 
 
 Edgard, county seat, XIV. 538, 1 a. 
 
 Edgarton , Sarah G.: see Mayo, XI. 304, 2 a. 
 
 Edgartown, town of Massachusetts, VI. 403. 
 
 Edgecombe [ej'-kum], county, VI. 404. 
 
 Edgefield, county, VI. 404. 
 
 Edgefield G. H '., county seat, VI. 404, 1 be. 
 
 Edge'hill, ridge in England, VI. 404. Battle 
 of, 1 be; IV. 280, 2 be. 
 
 Edgeworth, Richard Lovell, British inventor 
 and author, VI. 404. Maria, authoress, 2 b. 
 
 Edgeworth de Firmont, Henry Allen, abb6 
 [duh feer-mo ng ], confessor of Louis XVI., 
 VI. 404. 
 
 Edge rails , XIV. 170, 2 b; XVI. 592, 1 b. 
 
 Edgeware road , London, X. 596, 1 a. 
 
 Edicta preetorum, in Roman law, IV. 618, 2 ab. 
 
 Edict of restitution: see Thirty Years’ War, 
 XV. 710, 2 a. Repeal of, XVI. 436, 1 b. 
 
 Edictum perpetuum, of Hadrian, XIII. 800,1 c; 
 IV. 621, 1 b. 
 
 Edi'na , county seat, X. 33, 1 a. 
 
 Edinburgh [Scot, ed'-in-bur-ruh or ed'-in- 
 bruh], city of Scotland, VI. 405. Old town, 
 lb. Hew town, 2 a. Edinburgh castle, 
 406, 1 a (ill., 405). Holyrood palace, 1 b; 
 abbey, ruins of, ib. Scott monument, 1 c 
 (ill.), &c. Charitable institutions, 2 c; edu¬ 
 cational, 407, 1 a. Courts, 1 c. Intercom¬ 
 munication, 2 a. Government, 2 b. His¬ 
 tory, ib. Porteous mob, 408, 1 a. Old Tol- 
 booth, ib. Origin of name, XIV. 704, 1 be. 
 
 Edinburgh , county seat, VIII. 717, 2 a. 
 
 Edinburgh Magazine (Blackwood’s), II. 686,1 a. 
 
 Edinburghshire, county of Scotland, VI. 408. 
 
 Edison , Thomas A. His phonograph, XIII. 
 458,1 c; improvements in it, 459,* 1 a, c, 2 a; 
 other inventions, b. Telephone, XV. 622,1 a. 
 
 Ed'isto, river, VI. 408. 
 
 Ed'itha , wife of Edward III., VI. 433, 1 b. 
 
 Edmonds, John Worth, VI. 408. (Died 1874.) 
 
 Edmondson, county, VI. 408. 
 
 Edmonton , county seat, XI. 428, 1 b. 
 
 Edmund I., king of the Anglo-Saxons, VI. 408. 
 
 Edmund II., Ironside, king, VI. 408. 
 
 Edmunds, county, VI. 409. 
 
 Edmundston , county seat, X. 815, 1 b. 
 
 Edom, ancient region of Asia, VI. 409. His¬ 
 tory, 1 c. Edomites, 2 a. Nabatheans, 2 c. 
 Government and religion, 410, 2 ab. 
 
 Edred, king of the Anglo-Saxons, VI. 410; II. 
 117, 2 c. 
 
 Edrisi [ed-re'-ze], Arabian geographer, VI. 410. 
 
 Education, VI. 410. In the earliest ages, 411, 
 1 a. Hebrew education, 1 be; Persian, 2 a; 
 Grecian, 2 ab; Roman, 2 c; early Christian, 
 412, 1 ab; in Irish monasteries, 1 c; under 
 Charlemagne, ib .; under King Alfred, 2 a; 
 among the Arabs, 2 b. Era of schoolmen 
 and universities, 2 c; of the revival of learn¬ 
 ing, 413, 1 a; of the reformation, 1 c. Theo¬ 
 ries of education in the 17th and 18th centu¬ 
 ries, 2 be. Discussion of in Germany, 414, 
 
 1 ab. Public elementary schools in Europe, 
 
 2 a. Felt necessity of in civilized countries, 
 2 c. Plan of public instruction in Prussia, 
 415, 2 be, 417, 2 be; in Austria, 1 c; in 
 France, 418, 1 b; in England, 419, 1 ab; in 
 Sweden, 420, 1 b; in Norway, 421, 1 a; in 
 Denmark, 422, 1 a; in the Netherlands, 1 c; 
 in Switzerland, 423, 1 b; in Italy, 1 c; in 
 China, 2 ab; in Japan, 2 b; in the United 
 States, 424, 1 b. Private schools, 426, 1 ab; 
 educational institutions, 427, 2 b; percent¬ 
 age of illiteracy, 428, 1 a. Professional edu¬ 
 cation in different countries, 1 c. Technical 
 or utilitarian education, II. 631, 2 a. 
 
 Edward I., the Elder, Saxon king, VI. 432. 
 
 Edward II., the Martyr, Saxon king, VI. 432. 
 
 Edward III., the Confessor, Saxon king, VI.432. 
 
 Edward I. (Longshanks), king of England, VI. 
 433. His laws respecting coinage, XI. 738, 2 b. 
 
 Edward II., king of England, VI. 434. Place 
 of his murder alluded to, II. 559, 2 c. Change 
 in the organization of the English mint made 
 by him, XL 616, 2 a. Laws respecting trade 
 and exportation of coin, 738, 2 c. 
 
 Edward III., king of England, VI. 435. Estab¬ 
 lishment of justices of the peace by him, IX. 
 725, 2 c. His institution of the order of the 
 garter, VII. 631,1 c. Laws respecting coin¬ 
 age, XI. 739, 1 a. 
 
 Edward IV., king of England, VI. 436. 
 
 Edward V., king of England, VI. 437. More’s 
 account of his murder in the tower, 2 be. 
 
 Edward VI., king of England, VI. 438. First 
 service book of, V. 153, 2 a; second, 154,1 a. 
 The currency in his reign, XI. 739, 1 be. 
 
 Edward, prince of Wales (the Black Prince), 
 VI. 439. See Creoy, V. 470, 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 Edicard, Major Arthur , his library in the Brit¬ 
 ish museum, III. 2K)7, 2 b. 
 
 Edward the Outlaw , Saxon heir to the English 
 throne, VI. 433, 2 b. 
 
 Edwardes, Sir Herbert Benjamin, English sol¬ 
 dier and author, VI. 439. 
 
 Edwards, two counties, VI. 440. 
 
284 
 
 EDWARDS 
 
 EGYPT 
 
 Edwards, Amelia Blandford, English novelist, 
 YI. 440. 
 
 Edwards, Bela Bates, American author and 
 editor, YI. 440. 
 
 Edwards, Bryan, English historian, YI. 440. 
 Edwards, George, ornithologist, YI. 440. 
 Edwards, John, divine, YI. 440. 
 
 Edwards, Jonathan, American divine and 
 metaphysician, YI. 440. His theological sys¬ 
 tem, 443, 1 a. Theory respecting providence, 
 2 be. Ethical theory, 444, 1 c; XI. 807, 
 
 1 b, 812, 1 b, 815, 2 ab; XIII. 447, 1 a. His 
 influence on the theology of New England, 
 YI. 444, 2 a. Lives of, 2 ab. 
 
 Edwards, Jonathan, president of Union college, 
 YI. 444. See Philosophy, XIII. 447, 1 b. 
 Edwards, Justin, American clergyman, YI. 445. 
 Edwards, Milne: see Milne-Edwards. 
 Edwards, Richard, English dramatist, YI. 445. 
 Edwards, Tryon, American clergyman and 
 author, VI. 445. 
 
 Edwardsville , county seats, IY. 659, 1 ab; X. 
 821, 1 b. 
 
 Edwin, king of Northumbria, YI. 445. His 
 conversion to Christianity, 2 c. 
 
 Edwy, the Fair, king of the Anglo-Saxons, YI. 
 445. Violent treatment of by St. Dunstan, 
 
 2 c. Tragic fate of Elgiva, 446, 1 a. 
 Eeckhout, Gerbrant van den [aik'-howt], Dutch 
 
 painter, YI. 446. 
 
 Eecloo [a'-klo], town of Belgium, YI. 446. 
 Eel, YI. 446. Common eel of the northern 
 and middle states, 1 c (ill.); of Europe, 2 c. 
 Silver eel, 2 be. Beaked eel, 2 c. Conger 
 eel, 447, 1 be (ill.); so-styled, II. 710, 2 be. 
 Muraena, YI. 447, 2 a. Sand eel, 2 c. 
 
 Eel, Electrical: see Electric Fishes. 
 
 Eel grass , XYI. 249, 1 c; 733, 1 ab. 
 
 Eel-Pout: see Burbot. So-styled, II. 710, 
 2 b; X. 506, 2 b. 
 
 Eels : see Iliyats. 
 
 Eels of vinegar, XYI. 338, 2 b. 
 
 Eelee: see III 
 Eeliauts : see Iliyats. 
 
 Eesah : see Somauli. 
 
 Effervescence, YI. 448. Effervescing powders, 
 1 c. Seidlitz powders, 2 b. 
 
 Effingham, two counties, YI. 448. 
 
 Effingham, county seat, YI. 448, 2 c. 
 Efflorescing zeolite : see Laumonite. 
 
 Eft, species of newt, YI. 448 (ill.). 
 
 £galite, Philippe [a-ga-le-ta]: see Orleans, 
 XII. 700, 1 c. 
 
 Egba language, I. 8, 1 o. 
 
 Egbert, king of Wessex, YI. 449. 
 
 Egede, Hans [eg'-Sh-deh], apostle of Greenland, 
 YI. 449 ; XI. 641,1 b. Paul, missionary, YI. 
 449, 2 be. 
 
 Eger [a'-gher], city of Bohemia, YI. 449. 
 
 Eger, Hungary: see Erlau. 
 
 Egeria [e-je'-re-a], in Roman mythology, YI. 
 450 ; XII. 534, 2 b. 
 
 Egerton, Francis (two) and Francis Henry 
 [ej'-er-tun]: see Bridgewater, and Elles¬ 
 mere. 
 
 Egerton, Thomas, baron, YI. 450. John, first 
 earl of Bridgewater, 2 a. 
 
 Egg, organized germ of animals, YI. 450. Con¬ 
 stituents of, 2 ab. Composition of the hen’s 
 egg, 2 c. Temperature and period of hatch¬ 
 ing, 451, 1 a. Methods of preserving, 1 b. 
 As nutriment, 1 be. In medicine, 1 c. The 
 largest known, 2 a. See Embryology. 
 
 Egg, Augustus Leopold, English painter, YI. 451. 
 Egg gourd: see Squash, XY. 293, 1 be. 
 
 Egg Plant, YI. 451 (ill.). 
 
 Eggmuhl: see Eckmuhl. 
 
 Eg'inhard [Ger. a'-ghin-hart], secretary of 
 Charlemagne, YI. 452. 
 
 Eglantine, sweet brier, YI. 452 (ill.); XIY. 
 434, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Egmont, Lam oral, count of, Flemish soldier 
 and statesman, YI. 452; I. 370, 1 b; VIII„ 
 818, 2 be. 
 
 Eg'remont, Earl of: see Wyndham, Sir Charles. 
 E'gret, bird, YI. 453. Great American egret, 
 1 c (ill.). European, 2 c, and little European, 
 454, 1 b (ills.). Reddish, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Eg'ripo, island : see Euboea. Town : see Chal- 
 cis. Strait: see Euripus. 
 
 Egripo-ponte : see Euripus. 
 
 Egypt, YI. 454. Physical features, 2 c. Pro¬ 
 ductions, 455, 2 b. Climate, 456, 1 a. Di¬ 
 visions and their administration, 1 b. Pop¬ 
 ulation, 1 c. Modern Egyptians, 2 a (ill.). 
 Industries, 2 c. Government, 457,* 1 be. 
 Education, &c., 2 a. History, 2 c. Period 
 of the Pharaohs, ib. Manetho’s dynasties, 
 458, 2 c; table, after Mariette, 459, 1 be. 
 Progress of the old empire, 2 a; middle, 
 460, 1 b; new, 461, 1 b. Persian period, 
 
 463, 1 b. Ancient Egyptian civilization, 
 1 c; religious system, 2 b; government, 
 
 464, 1 be; people, &c., 2 a. Grecian pe¬ 
 riod, 465, 1 a. Roman period, 2 b; Chris¬ 
 tianity and paganism, 2 c. Arabian period, 
 466, 1 b. Turkish period, 2 b. From the 
 French invasion onward, 2 c. 
 
EGYPT 
 
 ELASTICITY 
 
 285 
 
 EGYrT, Language and Literature of, VI. 469. 
 Old Egyptian language, 1 c. Graphic sys¬ 
 tems, 2 a (ills., 470-475). Literature, 470, 
 2 be. Egyptian language, its related dia¬ 
 lects, I. 171, 1 b. 
 
 Egyptian church: see Copts, V. 834, 1 a. 
 
 Egyptian pebble , variety of jasper, IX. 571, 1 a. 
 
 Egyptian privet, plant, VIII. 638, 1 a. 
 
 Egyptian wheat , Indian millet, XV. 170, 1 b. 
 
 Egypto-Etruscan museum, in Florence, VII. 
 276, 2 b. 
 
 Ehninger, John Whetton [a'-ning-er], Ameri¬ 
 can artist, VI. 479. 
 
 Ehrenberg, Christian Gottfried [a'-rembairg], 
 German naturalist, VI. 479. Ilis classifica¬ 
 tion of animalcules, I. 514, 1 c, 2 c; observa¬ 
 tions on their structure, 516,1 ab, ff. Classi¬ 
 fication of birds, XII. 707, 1 c; of mollusca, 
 XI. 50, 2 a. Invertebrates distinguished from 
 vertebrates, IX. 325, 1 c. Division of verte¬ 
 brates, XVI. 325, 1 be. (Died 1876.) 
 
 Ehrenbreitstein [a'-ren-brite-stine], town and 
 fortress of Prussia, VI. 480 (view). 
 
 Ehyeh: see Jehovah, IX. 600, 1 ab. 
 
 Eibenstock [i'-ben-stuk], town of Saxony, VI. 
 480. 
 
 Eichelstein [i'- c hel-stine], XI. 396, 2 c (Mentz). 
 
 Eichendorff, Joseph Karl Benedict, baron 
 [I'- c hen-dorf], German author, VI. 480. 
 
 EicnnoRN, Johann Gottfried [Th'-horn], Ger¬ 
 man scholar, VI. 480. Karl Friedrich, law¬ 
 yer and historian, 481, 1 a. 
 
 Eichstadt [rh'-stet], town of Bavaria, VI. 481. 
 
 Eichstadt , prince of, II. 426, 1 c and 2 c 
 (Beahharnais) ; X. 375, 2 b. 
 
 Eichwald, Edward [Fh'-valt], Russian natural¬ 
 ist, VI. 481. 
 
 Eider [i'-der], river of Germany, VI. 481. 
 
 Eider Duck, VI. 481 (ill.). Eider down, 482, 
 1 b. King eider, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 E Ik&v BacnXiiih (Eikon Basilike ), VII. 646, 2 ab; 
 IV. 281, 2 a. 
 
 Eilanban: see Britain, III. 293, 2 c. 
 
 Eilau: see Eylau. 
 
 Eildon Hills [eel'-dun], Scotland, VI. 482. 
 
 Eilenburg [T-len-boorg], town of Prussia, VI. 
 483. 
 
 Eimbeck [ime'-bek], town of Prussia, VI. 483. 
 
 Einbeck : see Eimbeck. 
 
 Ein' feste Burg ist unser Gott [ine fes'-t&h 
 boorg ist oon'-zer got], Luther’s hymn, VII. 
 764, 1 b. 
 
 Einhard [ine'-hart]: see Eginhard. 
 
 Einsiedeln [ine'-ze-deln], Swiss village,VI. 483. 
 
 Eisdale [eez'-dale] : see Easdale. 
 
 Eisenach [T-z81i-na k h], town of Germany, VI. 
 
 483. The Wartburg, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Eisenberg [i'-zen-bairg], town of Germany, 
 
 VI. 483. 
 
 Eisenburg, county of Hungary : see Vas. 
 Eisenlohr, Wilhelm Friedrich [l'-zen-lore], 
 German physicist, VI. 484. 
 
 Eisenstadt [i'-zen-stat], town of Hungary, VI. 
 
 484. 
 
 Eisleben [ice'-la-ben], town of Prussia, VI. 484. 
 Eisteddfods [ice-ted'-fods; Welsh, ice-teth'- 
 fods], meetings of Welsh bards, VI. 484. 
 Ejectment, in law, VI. 484; 139, 1 be; VII. 
 
 25, 2 c, 26, 1 c. Deferred to, VII. 175, 2 c. 
 Ekaterinburg : see Yekaterinburg. 
 Ekaterinodar : see Yekaterinodar. 
 Ekaterinoslav : see Yekaterinoslav. 
 Ek-Hissar: see Akmssar. 
 
 Ekhmin [ek-meen'], town of Egypt, VI. 484. 
 Ekron, ancient city of Palestine, VI. 484. 
 Ek'thesis , Monophysite imperial edict, XI. 758, 
 1 b. 
 
 El, II, in Babylonian mythology, XII. 117, 
 1 b, 2 b. 
 
 Elce'is Guineensis [ghin-e-en'-sis], (botany), 
 XIII. 27, 1 c (ill.); 22, 1 c. 
 
 Elceocar'pus copaVifer (botany), V. 312, 2 c. 
 Elagab'alus, Varius Avitus Bassianus, Boman 
 emperor, VI. 484. Referred to, I. 289, 1 b. 
 Elagabalus, Syro-Phoenician deity, VI. 485, 
 
 1 a. His worship transferred to Rome, 1 b. 
 Elaine’: see Lancelot of the Lake. 
 Elaioptene [e-la-op'-teen], fluid part of essen¬ 
 tial oils, VI. 733, 2 a. 
 
 El-Akhmim : see Ekhmin, VI. 484, 2 c. 
 
 E'lam, ancient country of S. W. Asia, VI. 485. 
 Eland, antilopean ruminant, VI. 486 (ill.). 
 El'anus (ornithology), X. 20, 1 b. E. leucu- 
 rus, ib. 
 
 Elaphebolion, Athenian month, I. 606, 2 a. 
 El-Araish [-a-rish'], town of Morocco, VI. 487. 
 El-Arish [-a-reesh'J, town of Egypt, VI. 487. 
 
 Treaty of, 2 ab ; X. 24, 1 b. 
 Elasmosau'rians, fossil saurians, VI. 487 (ill.). 
 Elasmosaurus, fossil reptilian whale, VI. 487, 
 
 2 c. E. platyurus, ib. 
 
 Elasmothe'rium, fossil animal, XIV. 290, 1 c. 
 Elastic Curve, VI. 488. Elastic curve of 
 Bernoulli, 489, 1 be. 
 
 Elasticity, VI. 488; XV. 419, 1 b. Of masses, 
 VI. 488, 2 b. Of molecules and atoms, 491, 
 2 a. Of the earth, 489, 2 c; coefficient of, 
 490, 1 c. Of liquids, 2 b; coefficient of, ib. 
 
286 
 
 ELASTIC 
 
 ELECTRICS 
 
 Of vapors, 491, 1 a. Of a gas, 1 c. Limit 
 of, XV. 419, 1 be. Modulus or coefficient 
 of, 1 c. “Young’s modulus of elasticity,” 
 VI. 489, 1 a. 
 
 Elastic limit , XV. 415, 2 c. 
 
 Ela'ter (entomology), II. 476, 2 b; VII. 213, 
 
 1 ab. Night-shining elater, 1 be. E. nocti- 
 lucus, II. 476, 2 b. Larvae of, XVI. 678,1 c. 
 
 Elaterine [e-lat'-er-in], vegetable principle, VI. 
 
 492, 1 c. 
 
 ElaVerite , mineral caoutchouc, II. 671, 2 c. 
 Elate'rium, medicine, VI. 492. 
 
 Elaters , in botany, X. 542, 1 c. 
 
 E'latii, seaport of ancient Idumaea, VI. 492 ; 
 
 410, 1 a. Site of, 492, 2 b; I. 225, 2 b. 
 Elayl [e-la'-il], or olefiant gas, VII. 637, 2 be. 
 El-Azariyeh [el-a-za-re'-ya], site of Bethany, 
 II. 593, 2 c. 
 
 Elba, island of Italy, VI. 492. Porto Ferrajo, 
 
 2 c (ill., 493). Sovereignty of Napoleon I., 
 
 493, 1 b. 
 
 Elba, county seat, V. 18, 1 a. 
 
 Elbe [elb; Ger. el'-beh], river of Germany, 
 VI. 493. Elbe dues, 2 b; XV. 299, 1 a. 
 ELBERFELD[eT-ber-felt],city of Prussia, VI. 493. 
 Elbert, county, VI. 494. 
 
 Elberton , county seat, VI. 494, 1 b. 
 
 Elbeuf [el-buhfj, town of France, VI. 494. 
 Elbing, town of Prussia, VI. 494. 
 
 Elbow joint, in anatomy, I. 783, 2 a (ill.). 
 Elbruz [el-brooz']: see Elburz. 
 
 El-Bukaa [el-boo-ka'], (Coele-Syria), X. 281, 
 1 ab. 
 
 Elburz [el-boorz'], Persian range of moun¬ 
 tains, VI. 494. Mt. Elburz, Caucasus, 2 be; 
 IV. 133, 1 be. 
 
 Elce'saites, Gnostic sect, VI. 494. 
 
 Elche [ail'-clia], town of Spain, VI. 494. 
 Elchingen, Ober and Unter [o'-ber, oon'-ter 
 eT- k hing-en], two villages of Bavaria, VI. 
 495. Battle of, and duke of, 1 a. 
 
 Elder, church officer, VI. 495. Lay elders, 
 1 c. In Baptist churches, II. 292, 2 b. 
 Teaching and ruling elders, in Presbyterian 
 churches, XIII. 809, 1 b. 
 
 Elder, plant, VI. 495. Common, 1 c (ill.). 
 Wine of, 2 b. Parsley-leaved, 2 b (ill.). 
 Downy, ib. 
 
 Elder berry, red: see Citric Acid, IV. 614, 2 c. 
 Eldon, John Scott, earl of, lord chancellor of 
 England, VI. 496. 
 
 Eldo'ra , county seat, VIII. 453, 2 c. 
 
 El Dorado [do-ra'-do; Sp. ail tho-rE-tho], 
 imaginary region of wealth, VI. 496. 
 
 El Dorado, county, VI. 496. 
 
 El Dorado, county seats, III. 489, 1 b; XVL 
 112, 1 b. 
 
 Eldridge, E. J ., confederate surgeon, on the 
 condition of the Andersonville prisoners, I. 
 475, 1 a. 
 
 E'lea, in Greece: see Elis. 
 
 Elea, in Italy : see Velia. 
 
 Elean school, XIII. 378, 2 a; 437, 2 c. 
 Eleanor of Aquitaine [el'-a-nor], queen of 
 France and of England, VI. 496; III. 90, 
 2 b. Council which divorced her from Louis, 
 II. 426, 1 ab. Laws of Oleron said to have 
 been framed by her order, X. 219, 2 ab. 
 Eleatic School [e-le-at'-ik], of philosophy, VI. 
 497; XIII. 602, 1 be. 
 
 Eleazar [el-e-a'-zar], Hebrew name, VI. 497. 
 Elecampane', herb, VI. 497 (ill.). Medicinal 
 use, 498, 1 a. 
 
 Elective affinities, originator of the term, II. 
 558, 2 be. 
 
 Elector, in the old German empire, VI. 498. 
 
 In the United States, 1 c; XVI. 139, 2 a. 
 Electra, in Greek legend, VI. 498. 
 
 Electric clock dial, IV. 700, 1 c. Electric 
 clock, 2 a. 
 
 Electric Fishes, VI. 498. Electrical eel, 2 b 
 (ill.). Electrical fish of Africa, 499, 2 a (ill.); 
 of the Pacific, 2 be. Their electric power, 2 c. 
 Electrical potential, doctrine of, VII. 599, 2 b. 
 Electricity, VI. 500. Statical, 1 c; 512, 1 c. 
 Dynamical, 500, 1 c, 2 a; VII. 586, 1 a. Du 
 Fay’s theory of electricity, VI. 298, 2 b; 
 501, 1 a; 512,1 a. Franklin’s, 512, 1 a, 1 c. 
 Frictional electricity, 501, 1 a. Attraction 
 and repulsion, 501, 2 b (ill.). Electrical in¬ 
 duction, 502, 2 a (ill.). Electroscopes, 503, 
 
 1 be; Bennet’s, 1 c (ill.). Electrometers, 
 
 2 b (ills.). Dissipation of the charge, 505, 
 
 1 a. Electrical machines, 505, 1 a (ills.). 
 Spark in rarefied air, 508, 1 ab (ill.). Electric 
 egg, 1 b. Revolving points, 2 b (ill.). Du¬ 
 ration of spark, 509, 1 a (ill.). Condensers, 
 
 2 a (ill.). Leyden jar, 2 ab (ill.). Physi¬ 
 ological effects of a discharge, 510, 2 ab. 
 Frictional electricity in medicine, ib. First 
 experiments in, said to have been made 
 known to Franklin : see Collinson. —Elec¬ 
 tricity as a chemical agent, I. 159, 2 a. 
 Identity of frictional electricity and galvan¬ 
 ism, VII. 599, 1 c. 
 
 Electric Light, VI. 510. Duboscq’s regula¬ 
 tor, 511, 2 ab (ill.). In lighthouses, X. 455,1 b. 
 Electrics and non-electrics, VI. 501, 1 b. 
 
ELECTRIS 
 
 ELGIN 
 
 Electris: see Samothrace. 
 
 Electro-biology, I. 527, 1 b. 
 
 Electro-chemistry, II. 87, 2 b; 88, 1 a. Its 
 applications and products, 443, 2 b, ff. 
 
 Electrode , I. 519, 1 ab; VII. 84,1 c. Polariza¬ 
 tion of electrodes, VII. 598, 2 ab. 
 
 Electro-dynamic induction , XI. 12, 1 ab. 
 
 Electro-gilding , VII. 600, 1 a; XIII. 598, 2 b. 
 
 Electrolysis, decomposition by galvanic cur¬ 
 rent, VII. 84, 1 c; 588, 1 c; 596, 2 be, ff.; 
 XI. 335, 1 ab. Clausius’s molecular theory 
 of, VII. 596,1 b. Electrolysis of water, VII. 
 592, 1 b. 
 
 Electrolyte, in galvanism, VII. 84,1 c; 588,1 b; 
 596, 2 be. 
 
 Electro-magnet, VI. 516, 1 a (ill.). Modifica¬ 
 tions and applications of, ib. See Henry, 
 Joseph. 
 
 Electro-magnetic telegraph: see Telegraph. 
 Use of in determining longitude, X. 628, 1 b. 
 
 Electro-Magnetism, VI. 511. Du Fay’s and 
 Franklin’s theories of electricity, 512, 1 a. 
 Prof. Oersted’s experiments in electro-mag¬ 
 netism, 513, 2 a. Ampere’s discoveries, 2 b. 
 Rotation of a vertical current, 515, 1 a (ill.). 
 Prof. Barlow’s illustration of terrestrial mag¬ 
 netism, 1 c. Galvanometer, 2 c. Electro¬ 
 magnet, 516, 1 a (ill.). Magnetic and dia¬ 
 magnetic, 2 a. Electro-magnetic engines, 
 2 b. See Faraday, Galvanism, Magnetism, 
 and Magneto-Electricity. 
 
 Electro-Metalltjrgy, Electrotyping: see Gal¬ 
 vanism, VII. 599, 2 c. 
 
 Electromotive force, VII. 587, 2 a; 593, 2 a. 
 
 Electroph'orus, Volta’s, VI. 507,1 a (ill.); XVI. 
 404, 2 a. 
 
 Electro-photometer, Masson’s, XIII. 474, 1 a. 
 
 Electro-plating , VII. 600, 1 a; XIII. 598, 2 a. 
 
 Electroscope, Bohnenberger’s, VII. 592,2 a (ill.). 
 
 Electro-therapeutics: see Medical Electricity. 
 
 Electrotyping, VII. 601, 1 c; XIII. 851, 1 ab. 
 
 Electrum, amber ( 'plenTpov ), I. 381, 1 c; VI. 
 500, 2 b. Alloy of gold and silver (amber- 
 colored), XI. 736, 1 c; XII. 535, 2 b; XIV. 
 715, 2 c. 
 
 Eledone [e-led'-o-ne], (mollusca), XII. 577, 2 b. 
 
 Ele'git, in law, VII. 26, 2 ab. 
 
 Element, Chemical, VI. 517. Modification of 
 the chemical meaning of element as now un¬ 
 derstood, IV. 370, 2 c. See Chemistry, 
 Equivalent (Chemical), Mineralogy, and 
 Molecule, XL 716, 1 a. 
 
 Elementary substance , XI. 716, 1 a. 
 
 Elements , of the ancients, IV. 357, 1 b, ff. (see 
 
 287 
 
 VIII. 567, lb); of the alchemists, 359, 1 c. 
 Native, in mineralogy, XI. 583, 1 a; positive 
 and negative, 2 ab ; basic, acidic, and acidific, 
 584, 1 ab; liomoeomorphous, 585, 1 c. 
 El'emi, resinous exudation, VI. 517. 
 
 Elemine [el'-e-min], resin, VI. 517, 2 be. 
 Eleono'ra of Este, Italian princess, VI. 517. 
 Eleonora San Vitale , VI. 517, 2 c. 
 
 Eleot'ragus arundina'ceus (zoology), (ill.), I. 
 545, 1 a. 
 
 Elephant, VI. 518. Anatomy, 1 a. Tusks, 
 
 1 c, 2 b. Trunk, 519, 2 a. Habitat, 2 c. 
 Asiatic, 520,1 a (ill.); capture of, 1 c. Afri¬ 
 can, 2 c (ill., 521). Fossil elephants, 521, 
 
 2 be. Length of life, 1.182, 2 a ; III. 61, 2 ab. 
 Elephan'ta, island of India, VI. 522. Cave 
 
 temple, 1 ab (ill.); phallic symbols in, XIII. 
 380, 2 c. 
 
 Elephantiasis, disease, VI. 522. E. Arabum, 
 2 ab ; I. 619, 1 a. E. Grsocorum, tubercular, 
 VI. 523, 1 ab. E. ansesthetica, 1 c. Cases 
 cured, IV. 12, 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 Elephantina: see Elephantine. 
 
 Elephantine [el-eh-fan-te'-na], island in the 
 Nile, VI. 523. 
 
 Elephantis: see Elephantine. 
 
 Elephant leg, disease: see Elephantiasis. 
 Elephant skin, disease : see Elephantiasis. 
 Elephant's foot, plant: see Tortoise Plant. 
 Elephas (zoology), VI. 518, 1 a. E. Indicus, 
 520, 1 a (ill.). E. Africanus, 2 c (ill., 521). 
 E. primigenius, XI. 84, 1 be (ill.); 85, 1 c. 
 E. imperator and E. Americanus, 2 b. 
 Eleusi'ne In'dica (botany), VIII. 169, 1 b. 
 Eleusin'ia, festival of Ceres, IV. 210, 2 a. 
 Eleusinian mysteries, VI. 523, 2 b; XII. 114, 
 2 c. Discovery of a marble slab with the 
 rules and regulations, VI. 524, 1 a. Re¬ 
 ferred to, XIV. 30, 2 a. See Ceres. 
 Eleu'sis, ancient town of Attica, VI. 523. 
 Eleuthe'ria, Greek festival, VI. 524. 
 
 Elevator muscles, XIII. 383, 1 a. 
 
 Eleven-o'clock-lady, plant, XV. 323, 1 ab. 
 Eleven thousand virgins, legend of the: see 
 Ursula, Saint. 
 
 Elf, or alf, in Scandinavian mythology: see 
 Fairies, VII. 64, 2 a, ff. 
 
 Elgin [el'-ghin], county of Canada, VI. 524. 
 Elgin, city of Illinois, VI. 524. National watch 
 factory, 1 be. 
 
 Elgin, town of Scotland, VI. 524. Cathedral, 
 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Elgin, Thomas Bruce, seventh earl of, VI. 524. 
 James Bruce, eighth earl of, 525, 1 c. 
 
288 
 
 ELGIN 
 
 ELLERY 
 
 Elgin Marbles, VI. 525. Rescue of from the 
 sea, VIII. 424, 1 a. 
 
 Elginshire, county of Scotland, VI. 526. 
 Elgi'ra , Anglo-Saxon princess, tragic fate of, 
 VI. 445, 2 c, ff.(EDWT). 
 
 El-Hudaidak [el-hoo-di'-da]: see IIodeida. 
 Eli, Hebrew judge, VI. 526. 
 
 Elia [e'-lya], nom de plume, X. 121, 1 c. 
 Eli'as : see Elijah. 
 
 Elias Leyita, Hebrew scholar, VI. 526. 
 Elibank, Baron: see Murray, Patrick. 
 
 Elie de Beaumont [a-le dull bo-mo ng J, French 
 lawyer, referred to, III. 566, 2 b. 
 
 Elie de Beaumont, Jean Baptiste Armand 
 Louis Leonce, French geologist, VI. 526. 
 Eligius, Saint , minister of Dagobert I., V. 632, 
 
 1 a; VII. 379, 1 be. 
 
 Elijah, Hebrew prophet, VI. 527. 
 
 Elioc'roca: see Lorca. 
 
 El'iot, Charles William, American educator, 
 VI. 527. 
 
 Eliot, George , pseudonyme: see Lewes, Ma¬ 
 rian Evans. 
 
 Eliot, John, “Apostle of the Indians,” VI. 
 527. Referred to, XII. 159, 2 c; XIV. 459, 
 
 2 a. Jared, clergyman, VI. 528, 2 ab. 
 Eliot, John, American clergyman, VI. 528. 
 Eliot, Samuel, American author, VI. 528. 
 Eliott, George Augustus, Baron Heathfield, 
 
 British general, VI. 529. 
 
 Elipandus , archbishop of Toledo, a founder of 
 the Adoptiani, I. 130, 1 a. 
 
 E'lis, in ancient Greece, VI. 529. 
 
 Elissa : see Dido. 
 
 Elisabethgrad [eh-le-za-bet-grad'J, town of 
 Russia, VI. 529. 
 
 Elisabethpol', government of Asiatic Russia, 
 VI. 529. Capital, 2 c. 
 
 Elisha, Hebrew prophet, VI. 529. 
 
 Elixir, VI. 530. Elixir vitse, 1 b. Grand elixir 
 and little elixir of the alchemists, I. 261, 2 c. 
 Elixir of youth, X. 846, 2 b. 
 
 Elixir, preparation of opium, XII. 648, 2 ab. 
 Elizabeth, city of New Jersey, VI. 530. 
 Elizabeth, queen of England, VI. 530. Pro¬ 
 testation of her Roman Catholic faith, 532, 
 
 1 ab. Excommunicated by the pope, 533,1 b. 
 Execution of Mary, queen of Scots, 2 c. 
 Spanish armada, 534, 1 ab. Rebuke of Es¬ 
 sex, 2 a. Froude’s characterization of her, 
 
 2 c. Furnishing of her wardrobe, XII. 352, 
 1 a. State of the currency in her reign, XI. 
 739, 1 c. 
 
 Elizabeth, queen of Spain, VI. 535. 
 
 Elizabeth, Madame (Elizabeth of France), 
 princess, VI. 535. 
 
 Elizabeth, Saint, of Hungary, VI. 535. 
 Elizabeth Charlotte, duchess of Orleans, VI. 
 
 536. 
 
 Elizabeth Christina, queen of Prussia, VI. 536. 
 Elizabeth City, county of Virginia, VI. 536. 
 Elizabeth City, town of North Carolina, VI. 
 
 537. 
 
 Elizabeth Farnese [far-na'-za], queen of 
 Spain, VI. 537. 
 
 Elizabeth Islands, Massachusetts, VI. 537. 
 Elizabeth Petrovna, empress of Russia, VI. 
 537. See Lestocq. Her interest in Rus¬ 
 sian art and science, XIV. 497, 1 b. 
 Elizabeth Stuart, queen of Bohemia, VI. 538. 
 Elizabeth of Valois, or Isabella, queen of 
 Spain, VI. 538. 
 
 Elizabethines, religious order, VII. 427, 1 ab. 
 Elizabeth town , county seats, II. 687, 2 a; IV. 
 35, 1 b; V. 53, 2 a (now Cimarron); VI. 
 735, 1 ab; VIII. 453, 2 a, c (two). 
 
 Elk, VI. 538. American, 539, 1 ab (ill.). Eu¬ 
 ropean, 540, 2 a (ill.). Elk, so-styled, 541, 
 1 a: see Wapiti, XVI. 447, 1 a, and Buck, 
 III. 385, 1 c. Fossil elks, VI. 541, 1 a. 
 
 Elk, county, VI. 541. 
 
 Elkader, county seat, IV. 657, 1 a. 
 
 El-Keff: see Keff. 
 
 Elkesai [el-ka-si'J, founder of the Elcesaites, 
 
 VI. 494, 2 c. 
 
 Elk Falls , county seat, IX. 18, 1 c. 
 
 Elkhart, county, VI. 541. 
 
 Elkhart, town of Indiana, VI. 541. 
 
 Elkhorn, county seat, XVI. 445, 2 a. 
 El-Khonder, Mohammedan name of St. George, 
 
 VII. 712, 1 be. 
 
 El-Kirwan [el-keer-wan']: see Katrwan. 
 Elko, county, VI. 541. 
 
 Elko, county seat, VI. 541, 2 c. 
 
 Elk Point, county seat, XVI. 113, 1 a. 
 
 Elk range, Rocky mountains, XIV. 377, 1 b. 
 Elkton , county seats, IV. 163, 2 c; XV. 786, 2 c. 
 Elian Vannin: see Man, Isle of. 
 Ellenborough, Edward Law, baron, chief 
 justice of England, VI. 541. Lord Ellen- 
 borough’s act: see Abortion, I. 28, 2 c. 
 Edward Law, first earl of, statesman, 542, 
 1 a; referred to, I. 162, 1 a. Jane Eliza¬ 
 beth, countess of, VI. 542, 1 c. 
 
 Ellefolk [el'-leh-folk]: see Fairies, VII. 64, 2 a. 
 Ellensburg, county seat, V. 587, 1 a. 
 
 Ellery, William, a signer of the Declaration of 
 Independence, VI. 542. 
 
ELLESMERE 
 
 ELPHINSTONE 
 
 289 
 
 Ellesmere, Francis Egerton, earl of [elz'- 
 meer], English statesman and author, VI. 542. 
 
 Ellesmere , baron of: see Egerton, Thomas. 
 
 Ellet, Charles, jr., American engineer, VI. 543. 
 
 Ellet, William Henry, American chemist, VI. 
 543. Elizabeth Fries Lummis, authoress, 
 2 a. 
 
 Ellicott, Andrew, American astronomer and 
 civil engineer, VI. 543. Joseph, 544, 1 ab. 
 
 Ellicott, Charles John, English prelate and 
 author, VI. 544. 
 
 Ellicott City, town of Maryland, VI. 544. 
 
 EllicotVs Mills : see Ellicott City. 
 
 Ellijay , county seat, VII. 813, 1 b. 
 
 Elliot, George Thomson, American physician, 
 VI. 544. 
 
 Elliot , Rev. Jared , his extraction of iron from 
 magnetic sands, II. 742, 2 c. 
 
 Elliotson, John, English physician and physi¬ 
 ologist, VI. 544. 
 
 Elliott, county, VI. 545. 
 
 Elliott, Charles, American clergyman, VI. 545. 
 
 Elliott, Charles Loring, painter, VI. 545. 
 
 Elliott, Charles Wyllys, author, VI. 545. 
 
 Elliott, Ebenezer, English poet, VI. 545. 
 
 Elliott, Jesse Duncan, American naval officer, 
 VI. 546. 
 
 Elliott, Stephen, American naturalist, VI. 546. 
 Stephen, bishop, 547, 1 a. 
 
 Elliott, William, American author and states¬ 
 man, VI. 547. 
 
 Ellipse, VI. 547. Ellipsoid, 2 a. 
 
 Ellipsograph , elliptograph : see Ellipse. 
 
 Ellis, county, VI. 547. 
 
 Ellis, George, English author, VI. 547. 
 
 Ellis, George Edward, American clergyman, 
 VI. 547. 
 
 Ellis, George James Welbore Agar, Lord 
 Dover, English author, VI. 548. 
 
 Ellis, Sir Henry, English author and anti¬ 
 quary, VI. 548. 
 
 Ellis, William, English missionary and author, 
 VI. 548. Sarah Stickney, authoress, 2 ab. 
 
 Ellis, Robert William, English writer, VI. 548. 
 
 Elliston, Robert William, actor, VI. 548. 
 
 Ellisville , county seat, IX. 677, 1 a. 
 
 Ello'ra, town of Hindostan, VI. 549. Cave 
 temples, 1 a (ill.); phallic emblems in, XIII. 
 380, 2 c. 
 
 Ellswortii, county, VI. 549. 
 
 Ellsworth, city of Maine, VI. 549. 
 
 Ellsworth , county seats, VI. 549, 2 a; VIII. 
 434, 1 a; XIII. 501, 2 b. 
 
 Ellsworth, Oliver, American statesman and 
 19 
 
 jurist, VI. 549. William Wolcott, jurist, 
 550, 1 b. 
 
 Ellsworth , Col . (Ephraim Elmer, 1837—’61), 
 death of, I. 290, 1 b. 
 
 Ellwangen [el'-vang-en], town of Wiirtem- 
 berg, VI. 550. 
 
 Ellwood, Thomas, English Quaker minister, 
 VI. 550. 
 
 Elm, tree, VI. 550. American elm, 2 a (ills., 
 550 and 551). Slippery elm, 551, 1 a (ill.), 
 and others. English elm, 2 a (ill.). Wych 
 elm, 2 b (ill.). Nettle tree, or false elm, 2 c; 
 
 VIII. 365, 2 b (Hackberry). Planer tree, 
 VI. 552, 1 a. Age of the elm, I. 184, 2 a. 
 
 Elms , City of: see New Haven, XII. 300, 2 a. 
 Elmaci'nus, Elmacin, or Almakin, George (Ibn 
 Ahmid), Arabian historian, VI. 552. 
 
 El mat de siete dias [ail mal da se-a'-ta de'-ass], 
 the seven days’ sickness, I. 689, 2 c. 
 
 El Mal'laha , lake of Palestine, IX. 683, 2 a. 
 Elmalu [el-ma-loo']: see Almali. 
 
 Elmanist school , in Portuguese literature, XIII. 
 744, 1 b. 
 
 Elmanistas , the , II. 769, 1 b. 
 
 Elmano [el-ma'-no], pseudonyme, II. 769, 1 b; 
 XIII. 744, 1 b. 
 
 Elmes, James [elmz], English architect, VI. 552. 
 Elmina [el-me'-na], British settlement, Africa, 
 VI. 552. 
 
 Elmi'ra, city of New York, VI. 552. Elmira 
 female college, 2 c. 
 
 El'more, county, VI. 552. 
 
 Elmsley, Peter, English scholar, VI. 553. 
 
 El Obispo , ruined temple, Peru, I. 400, 2 c. 
 Elocution : see Oratory. 
 
 Elodites pleuroderes [a-luh-deet pluh-ruh-dair], 
 class of tortoises, XV. 810, 2 b. 
 
 El'ohim, Hebrew name of the Deity, VI. 553; 
 
 IX. 600, 1 a. 
 
 Eloi [a-lwa], Saint: see Eligius (Index). 
 Elongation , greatest, of a planet, XI. 404, 2 c. 
 Elora , Elouro: see Ellora. 
 
 El Paso [el pa'-so], two counties, VI. 553. 
 
 El Paso, or El Paso del Norte, town of Mexi¬ 
 co, VI. 553. 
 
 El Racionero [ail ra-the-o-na'-ro]: see Cano, 
 Alonso. 
 
 El'phinston, James, Scottish grammarian, VI. 
 553. 
 
 Elphinstone , Gen., envoy to Afghanistan, I. 
 161, 2 a. 
 
 Elphinstone, George: see Keith, IX. 782, 2 a. 
 Elphinstone, Mountstuart, English statesman 
 and historian, VI. 553. 
 
290 
 
 ELSASS 
 
 EMESA 
 
 EVsass: see Alsace. 
 
 Elsinore', town of Denmark, VI. 553. Ivron- 
 borg castle, 554,1 ab (ill.). Hamlet’s tomb, 1 c. 
 Elskwatawa , Indian chief, XV. 605, 2 ab. 
 
 Elu , the [a-loo'J, original inhabitants of Ceylon, 
 IX. 221, 2 b. Elu alphabet, ib. 
 
 Elss'ler, Fanny and Therese, German dancers, 
 VI. 554. Frau von Barnim (Therese), 2 be; 
 I. 80, 2 a. 
 
 Elton, salt lake of Russia, VI. 554. 
 
 El- TJjfia [el-oof-fe'-a], Arab tribe, massacred 
 by the French, I. 306, 2 a. 
 
 Elvas, city of Portugal, VI. 554. 
 
 Elves , fairies, VII. 64, 1 c, 2 a and b; 65, 1 b. 
 Elvish mark: see Fairies, VII. 65, 1 a. 
 
 Elwes, John [el'-weez], English miser, VI. 555. 
 Elxai [elx-I'J: see Elcesaites. 
 
 Ely [e'-le], city of England, VI. 555. Cathe¬ 
 dral, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Elymcei [el-e-me'-i], ancient race, XV. 493,1 c. 
 Elymais [-ma'-is], province of Elam, VI. 555. 
 Elyria , county seat, X. 635, 2 a. 
 
 Elysee palace [a-le-za], Paris, XIII. 83, 1 a. 
 Elysian Fields , mythical: see Elysium. 
 
 “ Elysian Fields ,” Hoboken, VIII. 750, 2 c. 
 Elysium, in classical mythology, VI. 556. 
 E’lyton , county seat, IX. 586, 2 c. 
 
 El'ytra , wings of beetles, II. 475,1 b ; 478, 1 b. 
 El'zevir, Elsevier, or Elzevier, family of Dutch 
 printers, VI. 556. Characterization, 2 b. 
 
 Em , standard of measure : see Printing, XIII. 
 847, 1 b. 
 
 Emancipados [a-man-se-pa'-^oce], in Cuba, V. 
 547, 1 ab. 
 
 Emancipation: see Slavery, and Serf. 
 Emancipist , discharged Australian convict, 
 XIV. 7, 2 c. 
 
 Emanuel , Hebrew word: see Emmanuel. 
 Emanuel, county, VI. 557. 
 
 Emanuel I., king of Portugal, VI. 557. 
 ftmarot, Emma [a-ma-ro]: see Livry. 
 Embalming, VI. 557. Egyptian processes, 2 b. 
 Modern methods, 558, 2 b. Gannal’s pro¬ 
 cess, 2 be ; VII. 613, 1 a. 
 
 Embargo, VI. 559. American embargo of 
 1807, 1 c ; IX. 595, 1 b ; X. 825, 2 ab. Po¬ 
 litical use of, I. 99, 2 c; 100, 1 b, 2 b. 
 Embattled line , in heraldry, VIII. 672,1 a (ill.). 
 Embassies , right of sending and receiving, X. 
 225, 2 a. 
 
 Embden : see Emden. 
 
 Ember Days, VI. 559; XIV. 396, 1 a. 
 Emberi'za (ornithology), III. 440, 1 ab. E. 
 citrinella, XVI. 780, 1 b. E. hortulana, 
 
 III. 440, 1 ab; XII. 712, 2 c (ill., 713). E. 
 miliaria, III. 440, 1 ab. E. oryzivora, II. 
 766, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Embezzlement, in law, VI. 559. 
 
 Emblements [em'-blem-ents], in law, VI. 559. 
 Emblems , national: see Flag, and VIII. 671, 
 
 1 a. 
 
 Em'boli: see Embolus (Index). 
 
 Embolism , in brain and heart diseases, III. 198, 
 
 2 a, ff.; VIII. 562, 1 a. 
 
 Embolismic years , IV. 557, 2 a. 
 
 Em'bolus, obstruction in a blood vessel, III. 
 
 198, 2 a; VIII. 561, 2 c (emboli). 
 Embra'cery, in law, VI. 560. 
 
 Embrasure , in a fortification, VII. 334, 2 ab. 
 Embiot'oca linea'ta (ichthyology), VII. 239, 2 c. 
 Embrun [a ng -bru ng ], town of France, VI. 560. 
 Em'bryo: see Embryology ; Obstetrics, XII. 
 568, 2 a; Plant, XIII. 574, 2 b, 578, 1 b, 
 591, 2 be. 
 
 Embryol'ogy, VI. 560. Spontaneous genera¬ 
 tion, whether known in nature, 2 a: see 
 Spontaneous Generation. Identity of the 
 mode of generation in all animals, 561, 1 a. 
 Process of development in the ovum, 2 b; 
 in the embryo, 562, 2 be. Phenomena of 
 incubation, 563, 1 a. Growth of the limbs 
 and other members, 565, 1 c. Invertebrates, 
 2 c. Discoveries in: see Barry, Martin. 
 Embury, Emma Catharine, American authoress, 
 VI. 567. 
 
 Embury, Philip, first Methodist minister in 
 America, VI. 567. 
 
 Emden, town of Prussia, VI. 567. 
 
 Emerald, precious stone, VI. 567. Oriental 
 emerald, 568, 1 c; XIV. 626, 1 b, 627, 1 ab. 
 Emerald Hill, town of Australia, VI. 568. 
 Emerson, George Barrell, American educator, 
 VI. 568. 
 
 Emerson , James: see Tennent. 
 
 Emerson , James , his patent for making brass, 
 
 III. 213, 1 b. 
 
 Emerson, Ralph Waldo, American poet and es¬ 
 sayist, VI. 568. Characterization, 569, 2 ab; 
 XVI. 200, 1 a. 
 
 Emerson , Rev. William , patriot of the revolu¬ 
 tion, V. 207, 1 c. 
 
 Emery, mineral, VI. 570. Discoveries of Dr. 
 J. Lawrence Smith, 1 c; 571, 1 ab. Prep¬ 
 aration for use, 1 be. Use of in grinding 
 precious stones, X. 161, 1 a. 
 
 Eme'sa: see Homs. Worship of the god of 
 (Syro-Phcenician) transferred to Rome, VI. 
 485, 1 b. 
 
EMETIA 
 
 ENCHONDROMA 
 
 291 
 
 Emetia , alkaloid principle, IX. 342, 2 ab. 
 Emet'ics, medicine, VI. 571. 
 
 Emigration, VI. 571. Ancient migrations, 
 2 c. Emigration to Russia, 572, 1 c; to 
 America, 2 a. Act of congress for the pro¬ 
 tection of emigrants on shipboard, 573, 1 c. 
 New York commissioners of emigration, 2 a. 
 Care of emigrants, 2 c. Castle Garden land¬ 
 ing depot, 574, 1 a. Provision for employ¬ 
 ment, and for the sick and destitute, 1 c. 
 Statistics of immigration, 575,1 a, IF. Chinese 
 emigration, 577, 1 c. Nationality of immi¬ 
 grants, 578, 2 a. Causes of variance in emi¬ 
 gration, 1 c. Effect on the population and 
 wealth of the United States, 579, 2 be. Emi¬ 
 gration from Great Britain and Ireland, 581, 
 1 c; from Germany, 582, 1 ab. Doctrine of 
 allegiance, 1 c: see Allegiance. 
 
 Emigres [a-me-gra], French, VII. 386, 1 c. 
 Condemnation of, 2 c. Confiscation of their 
 property, 387, 1 a. Indemnity to, XVI. 
 355, 2 b. 
 
 Emilia , political division: see Papal States, 
 XIII. 43, 1 a. 
 
 Emim , referred to, VIII. 816, 2 b (Horites). 
 Eminence , county seat, XIV. 825, 1 c. 
 
 Eminent Domain, in law, VI. 582. Condition 
 affixed to it in the United States, 2 c. 
 
 E'mir [Ar. a-meer'], Arabic title, VI. 583. Of 
 the Druses, VI. 274, 1 c. 
 
 Emir al-mumenin [al-moo-ma-neen']: see Emir. 
 Emir el-omra: see Emir; I. 347, 2 c; XIV. 
 757, 2 b. 
 
 Emissa : see Homs. 
 
 Emlyn, Thomas, English clergyman, VI. 583. 
 Emma , Hawaiian queen, IX. 739,1 b; 734, 1 b. 
 Emma mine , Utah, XVI. 233, 1 ab. 
 
 Emmanuel, Hebrew word, VI. 583. 
 Emmenagogues, drugs, VI. 583. 
 
 Emmeran , abbey of, XIV. 213, 2 ab. 
 
 Emmerich [em'-mer-Pli], town of Prussia, VI. 
 
 583. 
 
 Emmet, county, VI. 583. 
 
 Emmet, Robert, Irish revolutionist, VI. 583. 
 Thomas Addis, politician and lawyer, 584, 
 1 a. John Patton, American physician, 1 c. 
 Emmetsburg , county seat, XIII. 29, 1 b. 
 Emmett, county, VI. 584. 
 
 Emmettsburg, town of Maryland, VI. 584. 
 
 Mount St. Mary’s college, 2 a. 
 
 Emmons, Nathanael, American theologian, VI. 
 
 584. See Moral Philosophy, XI. 815, 2 b. 
 Referred to, XIII. 447, 1 b (Philosophy). 
 
 Em'ory , county seat, XIV. 189, 1 c. 
 
 Emory, John, American bishop, VI. 584. 
 
 Robert, clergyman, 585, 1 a. 
 
 Empedocles [em-ped'-o-kleez], Greek philoso¬ 
 pher, VI. 585. Theory of the origin of ani¬ 
 mals, VII. 10, 1 b. See Philosophy, XIII. 
 437, 1 c. 
 
 Emperor, title, VI. 585. Roman emperors, 
 2 b ; Frankish, 2 c ; German, 586, 1 a. 
 Contests with the popes, ib. Capitulation 
 signed at their coronation, 1 b. Other em¬ 
 perors, 1 c. 
 
 Emphyse'ma, diseased condition, VI. 586; III. 
 311, 2 a. Traumatic, VI. 586, 2 b; spon¬ 
 taneous, 587, 1 ab; pulmonary, 1 b, and 
 VIII. 564, 1 a. 
 
 Empire City , county seat, V. 311, 2 be. 
 Empoli [em'-po-le], town of Italy, VI. 588. 
 Emporia , county seat, X. 755, 1 b. 
 
 Emporium , county seat, III. 655, 1 a. 
 Emprosthot 1 onos, disease, XV. 666, 2 a. 
 Empyr’eal air , XII. 769, lb (Oxygen). 
 
 Ems [Ger. erace], river of Prussia, VI. 588. 
 Ems, town and watering place, VI. 588. 
 Emser, Hieronymus [em'-zer], German theolo¬ 
 gian, VI. 588. 
 
 E'mu, bird, VI. 588 (ill.). 
 
 Emulsine [e-mul'-sin], its action upon salicine 
 and amygdaline, VII. 145, 2 a. 
 
 Emulsion process, in photography, XIII. 471, 2 c. 
 Emydoi'dce (zoology), XV. 661, 1 b; 811, 1 c. 
 Emys (zoology), XV. 811, 2 ab. E. meleagris, 
 812, 1 b. E. serrata, 661, 1 c. E. Florida- 
 na, 2 ab. E. reticulata, 2 c. E. terrapin, 
 662, 1 a. 
 
 Enaliosaurians, fossil marine reptiles, VI. 
 
 589. Referred to, XIV. 741, 1 a. 
 
 Enamel , vitreous substance, VI. 589, 1 c. 
 Enamel of the teeth , XV. 606, 1 c. 
 
 Enamelled leather , X. 276, 1 c. 
 
 Enamelling, VI. 589. Painting in enamel, 
 
 590, 1 a; 591, 2 a. Preparation of enamel in 
 the ordinary processes, 590, 1 be; in manu¬ 
 facture of enamelled earthenware, 2 b. En¬ 
 amelling cast iron, 2 c; the Messrs. Clarkes’ 
 process, 591,1 a. Enamelling of slates, 1 be. 
 
 Encaustic, method of fixing colors by burning 
 in, VI. 591. Encaustic tiles, 2 c. 
 
 Enceinte [a ng -sa ne t], of a fortification, VII. 329, 
 2 c; of Paris, XIII. 79, 1 ab. 
 
 Enceph!ala (mollusca), XI. 722, 1 ab. 
 Encephalon , ganglion, XII. 235, 1 a. 
 Encephalop'athy , lead , disease, X. 247, 2 be. 
 Enchelia [en-ke'-le-a], animalcules, I. 515, 1 c. 
 Enchon'droma, tumor, IV. 42, 1 c. 
 
292 
 
 ENCISO 
 
 ENGLAND 
 
 Enciso [ain-the'-so], Spanish explorer, referred 
 to, II. 236, 1 c. 
 
 Encke, Johann Franz [enk'-keh], German as¬ 
 tronomer, YI. 592. Encke’s comet, 1 be. 
 Enco'mia , panegyrics, XIII. 521, 2 c. 
 En'crinite, fossil, YI. 592 (ill., 593). Wheel 
 stones and St. Cuthbert’s beads, 593, 1 c. 
 Encyclopaedia: see Cyclopaedia. 
 Encyclopedists , French literati, Y. 609, 1 c. 
 Encyclopedic [a ng -se-kluh-pa-de], French, Y. 
 609, 1 be. 
 
 Ende [en-da'j: see Flores, Malay island. 
 Ender, Johann Nepomuk, Austrian painter, 
 YI. 593. 
 
 Enderby islets, II. 102, 2 b. 
 
 Endicott, John, governor of Massachusetts, 
 YI. 593; XIY. 562, 2 c. 
 
 Endive, wild [en'-div]: see Chiccory. 
 Endlicher, Stephan Ladislaus [ent'-le-Tier], 
 Hungarian botanist and linguist, YI. 593. 
 His botanical system, III. 135, 1 a. 
 Endocardi’tis , heart disease, YIII. 560, 2 b; 
 561, 2 b, if. 
 
 Endocar'dium, internal membrane of the heart, 
 YIII. 558, 1 a; 560, 2 b. 
 
 Endogens, class of plants, YI. 594. See Plant, 
 XIII. 580, 2 be. 
 
 Endor, town of Palestine, YI. 594. 
 
 Endorse', in heraldry, YIII. 672, 1 b. 
 Endorsement: see Indorsement. 
 
 Endosmose', osmotic force, YI. 594; 1.194,1 b. 
 Discovery of, YI. 333, 1 c (endosmosis) ; 
 595, 1 a. 
 
 Endosmo'sis: see Endosmose (Index). 
 Endosperm , albumen of plants, XIII. 575, 2 c. 
 Endosti'tis , disease, XII. 724, 1 a. 
 
 Eidowment insurance policy , X. 432, 1 ab; 
 434, 2 ab. 
 
 Endym'ion, in Greek legend, YI. 595. 
 
 En echelon [a ng naish-lo ng ], cavalry charge, IY. 
 151, 2 c. 
 
 Energy , potential, Y. 379, 2 ab; actual, 2 be. 
 Enfantin, Barthelemy Prosper [a ng -fa ng -ta ng ], 
 French socialist, YI. 595. 
 
 Enfants de la patrie [a ng -fa ng dub la pa-tre], 
 French foundlings, VII. 348, 2 a. 
 
 Enfeoff [en-fef']: see Deed, Y. 755, 1 a. 
 En'field, town of Connecticut, YI. 596. 
 Enfield, town of England, YI. 596. 
 
 Enfield, William, English theologian, YI. 596. 
 Enfield rifle, YI. 596, 2 a; XII. 100, 1 a; 
 
 XIY. '333, 2 a. Allusion to, I. 750, 2 be. 
 Engadine, or Engadin [en-ga-deen'J, valley in 
 Switzerland, YI. 596. 
 
 Engagement , in fencing, VII. 120, 2 c. 
 Engelhard , Daniel [eng'-el-liart], gem engraver, 
 VII. 664, 1 a. 
 
 Engelmann [eng'-el-man], (Gottfried, 1788- 
 1839, German lithographer in Paris), re¬ 
 ferred to, X. 527, 2 b. 
 
 Enghien, Louis Antoine Henri de Bourbon, 
 duke d’ [da ng -gya" g ], YI. 597. Execution of, 
 2 a; III. 41, 2 ab. Officer in charge of the 
 execution, XIY. 646, 2 b. Blame thrown 
 upon Talleyrand, 2 c. Fouche’s opposition, 
 VII. 345, 1 ab. 
 
 England, YI. 597. (Map.) Great seal (ill.). 
 Divisions and population,-598, 1 a. Rivers 
 and lakes, 2 a. Coast, 2 b. Mountains, 599, 
 
 1 a. Geological formations, 1 c. Coal fields, 
 
 2 c. Minerals, 600, 2 a. Climate, 2 c; cause 
 of the mild winter temperature, I. 148, 1 a. 
 Soil, YI. 601, 1 b. Flora, 1 be. Fauna, 1 c. 
 Agriculture, 2 a. Manufactures, 2 c. Com¬ 
 merce, 602, 1 c. Internal communication, 
 603, 2 b. Post office and telegraph, 2 c. 
 Public institutions, 604,1 a. Education, 1 b. 
 Religion, 605, 1 a. Government, 1 b. Fi¬ 
 nances, ib. Array and navy, 2 b. Judicial 
 system, 2 c. History, 606, 2 a. Roman period, 
 ib. ; Saxon, 2 c; Norman, 607, 2 ab; Plan- 
 tagenets, 608, 1 a; house of Lancaster, 609, 
 2 b; house of York, 610, 2 a; house of Tu¬ 
 dor, 611, 1 b; house of Stuart, 612, 2 b; 
 the commonwealth, 613, 2 b; the restora¬ 
 tion, 2 c; revolution, 615, 1 c; house of 
 Orange, 616, 1 b; house of Hanover, 1 c. 
 English constitution, 620, 1 ab. 
 
 England , bank of, II. 274, 1 b. Public debt in 
 its hands, 2 c. 
 
 England, Church of, YI. 626. Rejection of 
 papal supremacy by Henry YIII., 627, 2 a. 
 Changes under Edward YI., 2 c; under 
 Elizabeth, 628, 1 b. Lambeth Articles, 1 c. 
 Act of uniformity, 2 a. Nonjurors, 2 ab. 
 Toleration act, ib. Puseyism, 2 b. Broad 
 churchmen, 2 c. Organization, revenues, 
 and expenditures, 629, 1 a.—Benefices, right 
 of presentation to, I. 140,1 b. Convocation, 
 house of, restriction of its jurisdiction, YI. 
 
 628, 2 b; YIII. 747, 2 b. 
 
 England, Language and Literature of, YI. 
 
 629. The language, Celtic element of, 630, 
 
 1 a; Latin, 1 ab; Anglo-Saxon, 1 c ; Danish, 
 
 2 b; Anglo-Norman, 2 c; others, 631, 1 b. 
 Literature, 2 c. Cymric, ib. ; Latin and 
 Anglo-Saxon, 632,1 a; Anglo-Norman, 2 ab ; 
 commencement of English, 2 c. British 
 
ENGLAND 
 
 ENTOMOLOGY 
 
 293 
 
 drama, 634, 1 b. Period of the old English 
 authors, 2 c. Puritan age, 636, 2 ab. Eng¬ 
 lish prose, 637, 1 be ; old English, 2 b. Reign 
 of Anne, 639, 1 c. Drama of the 18th cen¬ 
 tury, 2 b; prose, 2 c; fiction, 642, 1 a. 
 From the French revolution, 2 ab; poetry, 
 2 b; drama, 644, 2 a; fiction, 2 b ; history, 
 645, 1 c; science, theology, &c., 2 c. 
 
 England, John, American Roman Catholic 
 bishop, VI. 647. 
 
 Englanderhubel [eng'-len-der-hii-bel], mound 
 in Switzerland, III. 502, 1 c. 
 
 English, George Bethune, American author 
 and adventurer, VI. 647. 
 
 English, Thomas Dunn, author, VI. 647. 
 
 English alphabet , origin of, I. 348, 2 b; 349, 
 2 b. Classification, 349, 2 c; defects, 350, 
 1 a; historical arrangement, 1 b. 
 
 English bond , in bricklaying, III. 269, 1 b, 2 a 
 (ill.). 
 
 English Channel, VI. 648. 
 
 English grass (red-top), VIII. 167, 2 c. 
 
 English malady , so-styled, IV. 395, 2 ab. 
 Treatise on, ib. 
 
 English red: see Rouge, XIV. 449, 1 c. 
 
 English river : see Churchill River. 
 
 “ Englishman’s house is his castle ,” origin of 
 the apothegm, VII. 181, 2 ab. 
 
 Engrafting : see Grafting. 
 
 Engrailed line , in heraldry, VIII. 672, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Engraulis (ichthyology), I. 467, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Engravers , the earliest, VI. 649, 1 a; cele¬ 
 brated, 1 b, tf. 
 
 Engravers , gem , most celebrated, VII. 663, 2 c. 
 
 Engraving, VI. 648. History of the art, 1 b. 
 Xylography, or wood engraving, 650, 2 ab; 
 tools, 651, 1 b (ills.). Plate engraving, 1 be; 
 tools, 2 a (ill.). Etching, painters’, 2 b; en¬ 
 gravers’, 652, 1 c. Line engraving, 2 ab; 
 stipple, 2 be; mezzotint, 653, 1 a; aquatint, 
 1 be. Engraving on steel, 2 b ; Perkins’s 
 transferring process, 2 be. Bank-note en¬ 
 graving, 2 c. American bank-note engra¬ 
 vers, 655, 1 a. Printing of bank notes, 2 c. 
 Engraving on stone, X. 527, 1 b. 
 
 Enhydra marina (zoology), XII. 736, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Enicog'nathus (ornithology), X. 770, 2 c. 
 
 Enkhuisen [enk'-hoi-zen], town of the Neth¬ 
 erlands, VI. 656. 
 
 Enlightened doctor , the, X. 713, 1 a. 
 
 En muraille [a ng mu-ray’], cavalry charge, IV. 
 151, 2 c. 
 
 Enna, ancient city: see Castrogioyanni. 
 
 Enneacrunus , fountain: see Callirrhoe. 
 
 Ennemoser, Joseph [en'-nSh-mo-zer], German 
 physiologist, VI. 656. 
 
 Ennis, borough of Ireland, VI. 656. 
 
 Ennisoorthy, town of Ireland, VI. 656. 
 
 Enniskillen, town of Ireland, VI. 656. Regi¬ 
 ment of, 2 c. 
 
 Ennius, Quintus, Roman poet, VI. 656; X. 
 193, 1 c. 
 
 Enns [Ger. ence], river of Austria, VI. 657. 
 
 Enns, town of Austria, VI. 657. 
 
 Ennseck , castle of, VI. 657, 2 a. 
 
 Enoch, Hebrew patriarch, VI. 657. Book of, 
 2 b. 
 
 \ 
 
 Enosto'sis , tumor in bone, VII. 32, 1 c. 
 
 Enrages , the [a ng -ra-zha], French revolutionary 
 party, VII. 389, 1 b; VIII. 582, 2 a. 
 
 Enriquez Gomez, Antonio [ain-re'-kaith go'- 
 maith], Spanish dramatist, VI. 657. 
 
 Enriquez de Paz : see Enriquez Gomez. 
 
 Ens : see Enns (river and town). 
 
 Ens creat existentias , III. 349, 2 c (Brownson). 
 
 Ensete [en-sa'-ta], plant, IX. 731, 2 b. 
 
 Ensign , military officer, X. 419, 2 ab. Stan¬ 
 dard, VII. 249, 1 b. Origin of the name, 
 XIV. 856, 1 a. 
 
 Ensinal', county, VI. 658. 
 
 Ens necessarium et reale , of the schoolmen, I. 
 34, 2 c. 
 
 Entablature , in the Doric order, I. 656, 2 b ; 
 Ionic, 657, 2 b; Corinthian, 2 c. 
 
 Entoe'nia sirta'lis (zoology), referred to, V. 
 114, 2 b. 
 
 En'tail, VI. 658. See Estate, and Primo¬ 
 geniture. 
 
 En'tasis , in architecture, I. 656, 1 b. Origina¬ 
 tor of the principle applied to the obelisk, 
 II. 500, 2 a. 
 
 Entelechy [en-tel'-e-ke], actual being, XIII. 438, 
 1 c (Philosophy). 
 
 Entellus , monkey, XI. 752, 2 be (ill.). 
 
 Enter'ic fever, VII. 167, 2 ab. 
 
 Enteri'tis, disease, VI. 658. Treatment, 2 a. 
 
 Enterprise , county seat, XVI. 408, 1 c. 
 
 Enterprise and Boxer, fight between the, III. 
 477, 2 c (Burroughs). 
 
 Enterode’la, class of animalcules, I. 515, 1 b; 
 516, 1 b. 
 
 En'thymeme, in logic, X. 579, 1 c. 
 
 Entius : see Enzio. 
 
 Entomoi/ogy, VI. 658. Classification of Aris¬ 
 totle, 2 b; Swammerdam, 2 c; Ray, 659, 
 1 a; Reaumur, 1 b; Tinmens, ib.; De Geer, 
 1 c; Geoffroy, 2 c; Fabricius, ib. ; Olivier, 
 660, 1 b; Latreille, 1 be; Lamarck, 2 ab; 
 
294 : 
 
 ENTEROMORPHA 
 
 EPIDAYRO 
 
 Oken, 2 be; Leach, 2 c; Kirby and Spence, 
 661, 1 a; Macleay, 1 ab (ill.); Burmeister, 
 2 a; Westwood, 662, 1 a; Stephens, ib .; 
 Siebold, 1 b ; Agassiz, 1 c; Packard, 2 a; 
 Harris, 2 b. Rank of insects in the animal 
 scale, 663, 1 c. 
 
 Enteromor'pha (botany), VII. 248, 1 b (ill., 
 E. electa). 
 
 Entomos'traca, crustaceans, VI. 663. Sub¬ 
 divisions of, V. 532, 2 be. 
 
 En'topiiytes : see Epiphytes. 
 
 Entozo'a, internal parasites, VI. 663. Tape¬ 
 worms, 2 c (ills., 664-666). Isolated flat 
 worms, 667, 1 a (ills.). Hooked worms, 
 668, 1 a. Round worms, 1 ab (ills., 668- 
 670). Guinea thread worm, 670,1 a. Med¬ 
 ical treatment, 2 a. 
 
 Enteagues, Catherine Henriette de Balzac d’ 
 [da ng -trag], marchioness de Verneuil, mis¬ 
 tress of Henry IV., VI. 671. 
 
 Entrecasteaux, Joseph Antoine Bruni d’ 
 [da ng -truh-kas-to], French navigator, VI. 671. 
 
 Entre Dotjeo e Minho : see Minho. 
 
 Entremet [a ng -truh-ma], dramatic performance, 
 VI. 246, 1 ab. 
 
 Entre-Rios [ain'-tra-re'-oce], Argentine prov¬ 
 ince, VI. 671. 
 
 Entry , writ of: see Disseisin, VI. 139, 1 ab. 
 
 Envermeu [a ng -vair-muh], town of France, VI. 
 672. 
 
 Enyo (Bellona), temple of, V. 131, 2 c. 
 
 En'zio, son of Frederick II. of Germany, war¬ 
 rior, VI. 672. 
 
 E'ocene, geological epoch, VI. 672. 
 
 E'olis (mollusca), XI. 722, 2 c. 
 
 Eon de Beaumont, Charles Genevieve Louis 
 Auguste Andr6 Timothee d’ [da-o ng dull bo- 
 mo ng ], French diplomatist, VI. 673. 
 
 Eoph’yton, fossil, VI. 674, 2 b. E. Linnasa- 
 num, 2 c. See Fossil Footprints, VII. 342, 
 2 c. 
 
 Eos: see Aurora. 
 
 Eospongia , fossil sponge, XV. 282, 2 b. 
 
 Eostre: see Ostera (Index). 
 
 Eotvos, Josef, baron [ot'-vosh], Hungarian au¬ 
 thor and statesman, VI. 674. 
 
 Eozo’ic rocks , VII. 695, 1 c. 
 
 Eozoon, fossil animal, VI. 674 ; VII. 311, 2 ab. 
 
 E'pact, in the calendar, VI. 674. Use, 675,1 a. 
 
 Epaminon'das, Theban statesman and general, 
 VI. 675. 
 
 Epanomeeia [a-pa-no-ma-re'-a], town of 
 Greece, VI. 676. 
 
 Epee, Charles Michel, abb6 de V [la-pa], French 
 
 instructor of the deaf and dumb, VI. 676; 
 V. 733, 2 a. 
 
 Epeira [ep-e-I'-ra], (entomology), XV. 266, 
 1 be. E. vulgaris, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Eperies [a-pa'-re-ess], (Hung. Eperjes , ep'-er- 
 yesh), town of Hungary, VI. 676. 
 
 Rpernay [a-pair-na], town of France, VI. 676. 
 E'phah, Hebrew measure, VI. 677. 
 
 Ephectics , philosophic sect, XIV. 118, 2 b. 
 Ephem'era (entomology), VI. 677; XI. 302, 
 1 c (ill.). Age of, I. 183, 1 a. E. albi pen- 
 nis, VI. 677, 1 c; XI. 302, 2 a. 
 
 Ephe'sian letters , magical charms, VI. 678, 2 a. 
 Ephesians, Epistle to the, VI. 677. 
 
 Eph'esus, ancient city of Asia Minor, VI. 677. 
 Temple of, 678, 1 a, c; burning of: see 
 Erosteatus. Statue of Diana, 1 c. Dis¬ 
 coveries at, 2 c. Remains of amphitheatre 
 (ill.). Grotto of the seven sleepers, 679, 
 
 1 b. 
 
 Ephial’tes , mythical, I. 347, 1 c. 
 
 Epihialtes (ornithology), XII. 753, 1 c. 
 Ephialtes , Athenian leader, XIII. 292, 2 a. 
 Eph'od, worn by Hebrew priests, VI. 679. 
 Ephoes, Spartan magistrates, VI. 679; XV. 
 232, 1 a. 
 
 Ephraem palimpsest [e'-fra-em], XI. 133, 1 be. 
 Epkraem , St.: see Ephraem Syrits (Index). 
 Ephraem Syrus, Syrian theologian, VI. 679; 
 XV. 548, 2 a. Liturgy modified by, XI. 
 183, 2 c. 
 
 Ephraim, son of Joseph, VI. 680. Tribe of, ib. 
 Ephraim, as name of a kingdom, VIII. 587, 
 
 2 a. Ephraim and Manassah, ib. 
 
 Ephraim , a depreciated coin, V. 390, 1 c. 
 Eph'yra , jelly fish, IX. 602, 1 a (ill., 601). 
 Epicharmhs [ep-e-kar'-mus], Greek dramatic 
 
 poet, VI. 680. 
 
 Epic language of Greece , origin of, VIII. 704,2 a. 
 Epicte'tus, Stoic philosopher, VI. 680. See 
 Moral Philosophy, XI. 809, 2 c; Philoso¬ 
 phy, XIII. 438, 2 c. 
 
 Epicureanism: see Epicurus (Index). 
 Epicu'rus, Greek philosopher, VI. 680. His 
 doctrines, 681, 1 a. Revival of the atomic 
 theory of Democritus, 1 b. See Philosophy, 
 XIII. 438, 2 ab; Moral Philosophy, XI. 
 810, 1 a-c. 
 
 Epidamnus : see Dyrrhachium. 
 
 Epidaurus, ancient city of Greece, VI. 681. 
 Temple of iEsculapius, and its inscription, 
 2 c; I. 152, 2 b. Roman embassies to, and 
 introduction of his worship into Rome, ib. 
 Epidavro: see Epidaurus. 
 
EPIDEMIC 
 
 EQUINOX 
 
 293 
 
 Epidemic Diseases, VI. 682. now differing 
 from endemic, 1 ab, and b. 
 
 Epidemic erysipelas , VII. 169, 2 b. 
 
 Epidendron elongatum (botany), referred to, I. 
 219, 1 a. 
 
 Epidermal tissue , XIII. 581, 1 a. 
 
 Epidermis, VI. 682. Its relations to complex¬ 
 ion, V. 189, 1 c; 191, 2 a, ff. See Leather, 
 X. 273, 1 c. 
 
 Epidermis of plants, XIII. 580, 1 a; 581, 1 a. 
 See BxVrk, II. 313, 2 c; Leaf, X. 265, 1 ab. 
 
 Epigastrium , I. 15, 1 c (Abdomen). 
 
 Epig'oni, in Greek legend, VI. 682 ; 1.131,1 b. 
 Referred to, I. 438, 2 c. 
 
 Epigram, poem, XI. 206, 1 c. 
 
 Ep'ilepsy, VI. 682. Character, 2 c. Causes, 
 683, 1 a. Premonitions of a fit, 683, 2 a; 
 aura epileptica, ib. ; its progress, 2 b. Epi¬ 
 leptic vertigo, 684, 1 b. Nature of epilepsy, 
 1 c; Marshall Hall’s theory, ib.; Brown-Se- 
 quard’s, 2 a. Treatment, 685, 1 ab. 
 
 Epileptic insanity, IX. 305, 2 c. 
 
 Epimachidce [ep-e-mak'-e-de], (ornithology), 
 II. 651, 2 c. 
 
 Epim'achus mag'nus (ornithology), II. 651, 2 c 
 
 (in.). 
 
 Epimanes [e-pim'-a-neez], sobriquet of Antio- 
 chus IV., I. 569, 1 c. 
 
 Epimenides [ep-e-men'-e-deez], Cretan poet 
 and hero, VI. 685. Referred to, II. 55, 1 b. 
 
 Epimetheus [ep-e-me'-thuce], in Greek mythol¬ 
 ogy, XIII. 37, 1 c. 
 
 Spinal [a-pe-nal], town of France, VI. 685. 
 
 Epinay, Louise Florence P6tronille de la Live d’ 
 [da-pe-na], French authoress, VI. 685. 
 
 Epinicia, Pindar’s odes, XIII. 521, 2 c. 
 
 Epior'nis, fossil bird, VI. 685. E. magnus, 2 b. 
 Egg of, ib., and 451, 2 a. 
 
 Epiphani'a, ancient city, VIII. 409, 1 a. 
 
 Epip'olic dispersion, of rays, VII. 290, 1 a. 
 
 Epipha'nitts, Saint, VI. 685. 
 
 Epiph'any, feast of, VI. 686. 
 
 Epiphyses [e-pif'-e-seez], in bone, III. 60, 1 c. 
 
 Ep'iphytes, vegetable parasites, VI. 686. Dis¬ 
 tinguished from entophytes, 2 a. Pityriasis 
 versicolor, 687, 1 be (ill.), 689, 2 a. Fungi, 
 687, 2 a. Oidium albicans, 688, 1 b (ill.), 
 and 2 b. Resulting diseases, 2 b. Merismo- 
 paodia ventriculi, 2 c (ill.). Leptothrix buc- 
 calis, 689, 1 ab (ill.). Achorion Schoenleinii, 
 1 b (ill.). Tricophyton tonsurans, 2 a (ill.). 
 Botrytis Bassiana, 690, 1 a. B. infestans, in 
 the potato disease, 687, 2 c. 
 
 Epip'loon, in anatomy, XIII. 302, 2 a. 
 
 Epi'rus, province of ancient Greece, VI. 690. 
 
 Kings of, 1 c. Later history, 2 a. 
 
 Episcopal CnuRCH, Protestant, VI. 690. Modi¬ 
 fications of the English prayer book, 691,1 be. 
 Relation to other denominations, 692, 1 a. 
 Government, 1 b. Statistics, 2 a. See Chris¬ 
 tianity, IV. 543, 1 b. 
 
 Episco'pius, Simon, Dutch theologian, VI. 692 ; 
 I. 729, 1 a. 
 
 Epis'toLxE Obscuro'rum Viro'rttm, VI. 693. 
 Epistoloe Nov 80 Obscurorum Virorum (satire 
 on the German parliament), 1 c. 
 
 Epistles, pastoral: see Timothy, Epistles to. 
 Epistolary: see Missal, XI. 635, 2 c. 
 Epitlialamia Exoticis Linguis Eeddita, in al¬ 
 phabets of 100 languages, II. 773, 2 c. 
 Epithelium (anatomy), VI. 693. Tessellated 
 or pavement epithelium, 2 a (ill.) ; columnar, 
 ib. ; ciliated, 2 c; ciliated columnar (ill.), 2 b. 
 Epizo'a, external parasites, VI. 693. Crusta¬ 
 cea, 694, 1 ab. Arachnida, 2 a. Skin mite, 
 2 c (ill.). Bird mites, 695, 2 a (ill.). Red 
 mite, 2 b (ill.). Insecta, 695, 2 c. Head 
 louse, ib. (ill., 696). Phthirius pubis or in- 
 guinalis, 696, 2 a (ill.). Bedbug, 2 c (ill.). 
 Flea, 697, 1 ab (ill.). Parasitic larvae, 2 a. 
 Parasites on quadrupeds, 2 b. CEstrus bovis, 
 2 c (ill., 698). Lice on birds, 698, 1 a. In¬ 
 sects on other insects, 1 ab. 
 
 Epizootic diseases [ep-e-zo-ot'-ik], XII. 58, 2 c, 
 ff.; XVI. 331, 2 b. 
 
 Ep'ochs, in chronology, IV. 557, 1 c, ff. 
 
 Epode, of the Greek chorus, IV. 518, 1 c. 
 Epon'ymus, archon, I. 666, 2 c; II. 54, 2 c. 
 Epore'dia: see Ivrea. 
 
 Eprouvette mortar [a-proo-vet'J, for life saving, 
 X. 422, 1 b. 
 
 Epsom, town of England, VI. 698. Races, 2 a. 
 Epsom Salt, VI. 698. Medical use of, 699,1 a. 
 Equalizers, in locomotives, XV. 338, 2 a. 
 Equal temperament, in music, I. 70, 2 a; XII. 
 79, 1 b. 
 
 Equation, chemical, XV. 538, 2 c. 
 
 Equation of the elastic curve, VI. 488, 1 a. 
 Equation of time, V. 722, 1 c. 
 
 Equator, VI. 699. Magnetic equator, I. 67, 1 c. 
 Equatorial calms, belt of, XII. 781, 2 a. 
 Equatorial current, oceanic, II. 73, 1 a; 74,1 a. 
 Equilibrium, in mechanics, XI. 322, 2 b (ill.). 
 Equine gymnastics, Baucher’s system of, II. 
 394, 2 a. 
 
 Equinoctial: see Equator, VI. 699,1 c. Equi¬ 
 noctial points and equinoctial colure, ib. 
 Equinox : see Equator, and Seasons. 
 
296 
 
 EQUISETUM 
 
 ERIE 
 
 Equise'tum (botany), VIII. 831, 2 c. E. ar- 
 vense, 832, 1 b (ill.). E. robustum, 2 a. 
 
 Equitable , the , life insurance society of Eng¬ 
 land, X. 425, 1 c, ff.; 426, 2 b. 
 
 Equitable pioneers' society , of Rocbdale, Eng¬ 
 land, XIV. 363, 1 c; XV. 142, 2 ab. 
 
 Equites [ek'-we-teez], Roman knights, VI. 699. 
 
 Equity, in law, VI. 699. English equity sys¬ 
 tem, 700, 1 c. Courts of equity, province 
 of, IX. 281, 2 ab. 
 
 Equity of Redemption : see Mortgage. 
 
 Equivalent, Chemical, VI. 700. Table of 
 equivalents, 701. 
 
 Equivalent proportions , law of, II. 86, 1 b. 
 
 Equivocation , in logic, X. 579, 2 b. 
 
 Equuleus [e-kwu'-le-us], instrument of torture, 
 XV. 815, 1 a. 
 
 EquiLS [e'-kwus], (zoology), VIII. 824, 2 c. 
 E. caballus, 827, 1 ab. E. asinus, II. 22, 
 
 1 b. E. hemionus, 1 c. 
 
 Era of good feeling , under Monroe, XI. 763,1 a. 
 
 Eran’tlds hyema'lis (botany), I. 68, 2 c. 
 
 £raed, Sebastien [a-rar], French manufacturer 
 of musical instruments, VI. 702. Jean Bap¬ 
 tiste Orph6e Pierre, 1 c. 
 
 Erased , in heraldry, VIII. 673, 1 c. 
 
 Erasmus, Desiderius, Dutch scholar, VI. 702. 
 Controversy with Reuchlin on Greek pronun¬ 
 ciation, 703, 1 ab. Relation to Luther and 
 the reformation, 1 b. Person and character, 
 
 2 ab. Publications, 2 c. Correspondence 
 with Paracelsus referred to, XIII. 61, 1 c. 
 
 Erastianism : see Erastus, Thomas. 
 
 Erastus, Thomas, Swiss physician and polemic, 
 VI. 704. 
 
 E'ratii, county, VI. 704. 
 
 Era 'to, in Greek mythology, VI. 704. 
 
 Eratosthenes [er-a-tos'-the-neez], Greek schol¬ 
 ar, VI. 704. His work on universal chro¬ 
 nology, VI. 458, 2 c. First scientific work 
 on geography, VII. 683, 2 b. 
 
 Erbium, metal, VI. 704. Salts of, 705, 1 ab. 
 
 Ercilla y ZltSiga, Alonso de [air-the'-lya e 
 thoo'-nye-ga], Spanish poet, VI. 705. La 
 Araucana, 1 c; XV. 222, 1 a. 
 
 ERCKMANN-CnATRiAN [airk-man-shat-re-a ne ], 
 French novelists, VI. 705. Emile Erck- 
 mann, 2 a. Alexandre Chatrian, ib. 
 
 Erdebil: see Ardabil. 
 
 Erdmann, Johann Eduard [airt'-man], German 
 philosopher, VI. 706. 
 
 Erdmann, Otto Linne, German chemist, VI. 
 706. 
 
 Er'ebus, in mythology, VI. 706. 
 
 Erechtheum [er-ek-the'-um], temple in Athens, 
 II. 54, 2 b; 62, 1 c (ills., portico and ruins 
 of) ; VI. 706, 2 b. See Erechtheus. 
 
 Erechtiieus [e-rek'-thuce], fabulous hero of 
 Attica, VI. 706. The second Erechtheus, 
 2 b; third, ib. 
 
 Erector , of a microscope, XI. 521, 1 b. 
 
 Eregli [er-eg'-le], seaport, Asia Minor, VI. 706. 
 
 EreMi: see Eregli. 
 
 Eremaoau'sis, chemical, VI. 707. 
 
 Eremoph'ila (ornithology), X. 172, 2 b. E. al- 
 pestris, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Erethi'zon (zoology), XIII. 716, 1 a. E. dor- 
 satus, 1 c (ill.). E. epixanthus, 2 b. 
 
 Eretmoclie'lys imbrica'ta (zoology), XVI. 80, 
 2 be (ill.). E. squamata, 81, 2 a. 
 
 Ere'tria, ancient city of Euboea, VI. 707. 
 
 Ereuthed' anon (madder), X. 815, 2 be. 
 
 Erfurt [air'-foort], city of Prussia, VI. 707. 
 Cathedral, 2 c (ill., 708). Luther’s residence 
 (convent), 708, 1 a. Congress of, 1 c. 
 
 Ergas'tula , Roman prisons, XIV. 6, 1 c. 
 
 Ergot, diseased grain, VI. 708 ; VII. 529, 2 b. 
 Spurred rye, VI. 708, 1 c (ill.). Medicinal 
 use, 2 ab ; VII. 531, 1 a. 
 
 Ergotine [er'-go-tin], extract, VI. 708, 2 b. 
 
 Ergotism , disease, VI. 709, 1 a. 
 
 Eri [a'-re], native name of Ireland, IX. 355,2 b. 
 
 Erian'thus Raven'nee (botany), VIII. 169, 1 c. 
 
 Eric [er'-ik], blood money (Irish), II. 738, 1 c. 
 
 Eric IX., king of Sweden (St. Eric), VI. 709. 
 
 Eric XIV., king of Sweden, VI. 709. Mar¬ 
 riage with a fruit girl, 2 a. His madness, 
 2 be. Referred to, IV. 302, 2 c. 
 
 Eric the Red , Norwegian navigator, VIII. 234, 
 2 be. 
 
 Er'ica (botany), VIII. 579, 2 b. E. vulgaris, 
 580, 1 b (ill.). E. cinerea, 2 b (ill.), &c. 
 
 Ericapce'os , in the Orphic cosmogony, XH. 
 711, 1 ab. 
 
 Erichtho'nius: see Erechtheus. 
 
 Ericsford , town of Greenland, VIII. 234, 2 c. 
 
 Ericsson, John, Swedish engineer and physi¬ 
 cist, VI. 709. His steam boiler, 2 c; loco¬ 
 motive, 710, 1 a; caloric engine, 1 ab (see 
 Caloric Engine); other inventions, 1 b*, 
 monitors, 2 ab.—Nils, his brother, 2 b. 
 
 Erid'anus, river, VI. 710. 
 
 Erie, three counties, VI. 710. 
 
 Erie, city of Pennsylvania, VI. 711. 
 
 Erie , county seat, XII. 225, 2 ab. 
 
 Erie, Lake, VI. 712. Depths, 2 a. Harbors, 
 2 c. Navigation and commerce, 713, 1 ab. 
 
 Erie, Lake, Battle of, VI. 713. 
 
ERIE 
 
 ESCAPEMENT 
 
 297 
 
 Erie Canal : see Canal, III. 685, 1 a. Rate 
 of towage, 682, 2 be. Proposed use of steam 
 power, ib. 
 
 Eries, tribe of Indians, VI. 714. 
 
 Erigena [e-rij'-e-na], John Scotus, scholastic 
 philosopher,VI. 714. See Philosophy, XIII. 
 439, 1 c. 
 
 Erigeron [e-rij'-e-ron], (botany), VII. 265, 2 c. 
 E. annuum, 266, 1 a. E. Philadelphicum, 
 ib. E. Canadense, ib. 
 
 E'rin [Irish, a'-rin], native name of Ireland, 
 IX. 355, 2 b. 
 
 Erina'ceus (zoology), VIII. 605, 1 c. E. Eu- 
 ropaeus, 2 ab (ill.). E. auritus, 606, 1 ab. 
 
 Erinnyes [e-rin'-ne-eez]: see Eumenides. 
 
 Eriobot'rya Japon'ica (botany), XI. 356, 1 ab. 
 
 Eriphyle [e-rif'-e-le], wife of Amphiaraus, I. 
 263, 2 a; 435, 1 c. 
 
 Erivan', government of Russia, VI. 714. Cap¬ 
 ital city, 2 c ; view, 715. 
 
 ErivansJci , surname of Paskevitch, VI. 715,1 b. 
 
 Erjish Dagh: see Arjish. 
 
 Erlangen [air'-lang-en], town of Bavaria, VI. 
 715. Erlangen school of theology, V. 782, 2 b. 
 
 Erlatt [air'-low], town of Hungary, VI. 715. 
 
 Erman, Paul [air'-man], German physicist, VI. 
 715. Georg Adolf, physicist, 2 c (died 1877). 
 
 Ermeland [air'-meh-lant], territory of Prussia, 
 VI. 716. 
 
 Ermenfroi , papal legate to England, I. 279, 1 b. 
 
 Ermine [er'-min], animal, VI. 716 (ills.). Fur 
 of, VII. 537, 1 b. 
 
 Ermine , in heraldry, VIII. 671, 2 ab. 
 
 Erminois [er-me-noi'; old Fr. air-me-na], in 
 heraldry, VIII. 671, 2 ab. 
 
 Erne, Lough [lo k h urn], lake of Ireland, VI. 
 717. River, 2 a. 
 
 Ernest Augustus, king of Hanover, VI. 717. 
 
 Ernesti, Johann August [air-nes'-te], German 
 philologist, VI. 718. His services to classi¬ 
 cal learning, X. 191, 2 b. August Wilhelm, 
 scholar, VI. 718, 1 b. 
 
 Ernst, Heinrich V T ilhelm [airnst], German vio¬ 
 linist and composer, VI. 718. 
 
 Ernst , naturalized citizen of the United States, 
 case of, I. 327, 1 a. 
 
 Erodium (botany), VII. 733, 2 a. E. cicuta- 
 nium, 2 ab (ill.). 
 
 Eros, in Greek mythology, VI. 718. In the 
 Orphic cosmogony, XII. 711, 1 a. 
 
 Eros'tratus, incendiary of the temple of Ephe¬ 
 sus, VI. 718. 
 
 Erotem'ata , Greek grammar, IV. 561, 2 b. 
 
 Erotia, Erotidia , festival of Eros, VI. 718, 2 c. 
 
 Erpenius, Thomas, Dutch orientalist, VI. 719. 
 Ersas: see Mordvins. 
 
 Ersch, Johann Samuel [airsh], German cyclo- 
 paedist, VI. 719. 
 
 Erse : see Celts, Languages and Literature of 
 the, IV. 177, 1 c, and VII. 552, 1 b. 
 Erskine, Ebenezer [urs'-kin], Scottish theo¬ 
 logian, VI. 719. Referred to, XIII. 811,1 be. 
 Erskine, Thomas, baron, British jurist and 
 statesman, VI. 719. 
 
 Eru , in German mythology, XII. 120, 1 c. 
 Eruli: see Heruli. 
 
 Ervalenta Arabica , prepared food, X. 345, 1 b. 
 Ervum lens (botany), X. 344, 2 b (ill.). 
 Erymanthian boar , hunt of the, VIII. 679, 2 a. 
 Erymanthus, river and mountain, VI. 720. 
 Eryngium yucccefolium (botany), XV. 131,1 ab. 
 Erysip'elas, inflammatory disease, VI. 720. 
 Idiopathic, 721, 1 a. Phlegmonous, 1 c. 
 Treatment, 1 be, 2 a. E. ambulans, 1 c. Ma¬ 
 lignant erysipelas, XII. 60, 1 c; XIV. 99, 1 a. 
 Erysiphe [e-ris'-e-fe], fungus, VII. 531, 2 a, 
 532, 1 b, 533, 1 b; VIII. 164, 2 ab ; XI. 
 534, 2 a, 535, 1 a. E. Martii, ib. 
 Erythaci'nce (ornithology), XIV. 359, 2 b. 
 Eryth'acus rubec’ula (ornithology), XIV. 359, 
 2 c (ill., 360). 
 
 Erythe'ma, affection of the skin, VI. 721. 
 Erythi'a , fabulous island, VIII. 679, 2 c. i 
 Erythr^e'an Sea, VI. 721. 
 
 Erythose [Sr'-e-thoce], coloring matter, XIV. 
 304, 2 c. 
 
 Erythro’nium, metal, XVI. 252, 1 c. 
 Erythrox'ylon coca (botany), IV. 774,1 b (ill.). 
 
 Referred to, XIII. 338, 1 b. 
 
 Erythroxylum Peruvianum , IV. 774, 1 b. 
 Erythrozine [e-rith'-ro-zin], ferment, I. 321, 2 a. 
 Er'yx, ancient town of Sicily, VI. 722. 
 Erzerum [er-zeh-room'], province of Turkey, 
 VI. 722. Capital city, 2 a (view). Origin 
 of the name, 2 c. 
 
 Erzgebirge [airts'-geh-beer-geh], mountain 
 range of Germany, VI. 723. 
 
 Esarfiad'don, king of Assyria, VI. 723 ; II. 34, 
 2 c, 36, 1 b. 
 
 Escaldas [ais-kal'-£Mss], springs of, I. 480, 2 ab. 
 Escam'bia, two counties, VI. 723. 
 
 Escanaba [-naw'-ba], county seat, V. 787, 1 a. 
 Escapement , of a clock or watch, IV. 696, 2 b. 
 Recoil escapement of Hooke, 698, 1 be (ill.). 
 Dead-beat escapement of Graham, 2 a (ill.). 
 Pin-wheel escapement, 2 c (ill., 699). Grav¬ 
 ity escapements, 699, 1 ab. Old English 
 verge escapement, 701, 1 a (ilk); detached 
 
298 
 
 ESCAUT 
 
 ESSEX 
 
 lever, 1 c (ill.); cylinder (or horizontal), 702, 
 1 c (ill.); chronometer, 2 b (ill.); compen¬ 
 sation balance, 703, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Escaut [es-ko], river : see Scheldt. 
 
 Eschar [es'-kar], in gangrene, VII. 612, 1 b. 
 
 Eschcirot'ics : see Caustics. 
 
 Escheat, in law, VI. 723. 
 
 Eschexbach, Wolfram von [esh'-en-ba k h], min¬ 
 nesinger, VI. 724. War of the Wartburg, 2 a. 
 
 Esohenmayer, Karl Adolf August von [esh'- 
 en-ml-er], German philosopher, VI. 724. 
 
 Eschscholtz [esh'-sholts], (Johann Friedrich, 
 1793-1831), German physician and botanist, 
 XIII. 715, 2 a. 
 
 Eschscholtzia [esh-sholt'-ze-a], (botany), XIII. 
 715, 2 a. E. Californica, 2 ab. 
 
 Eschwege [-va-geh], town of Prussia, VI. 724. 
 
 Eschweiler [-vi-ler], town of Prussia, VI. 724. 
 
 Escobar y Mendoza, Antonio [ais-ko'-bar e 
 main-£Ao'-tha], Spanish casuist, VI. 724. 
 
 Escopette', firearm, XII. 101, 1 a; XIV. 329, 1 a. 
 
 Escovedo, Juan de [ais-ko-va'-tAo], murder of, 
 IX. 653, 2 b; XIII. 287, 2 b. 
 
 Escurial', Spanish royal palace and mauso¬ 
 leum, VI. 725 (ill.). Library, 726, 1 c. 
 
 Escutcheon , in heraldry, VIII. 671, 1 c. Es¬ 
 cutcheon of pretence, 674, 1 a. 
 
 Escutcheon of a lock, X. 564, 1 a. 
 
 Esdraelon [es-dra-e'-lun], plain of, XIII. 6,1 ah. 
 
 Esdras, Books of, VI. 726. Referred to, VII. 
 49, 2 b. 
 
 Eshrakis, order of dervishes, VI. 33, 1 c. 
 
 Esico IV. [a'-ze-ko], count of Ballenstedt, II. 
 243, 2- b. 
 
 Esk, four rivers of Scotland, VI. 726. Black 
 and White, 727, 1 a. North, lb. South, ib. 
 
 Eskimos : see Esquimaux. 
 
 Eski-Sagra [es'-ke sa'-gra], town of European 
 Turkey, VI. 727. 
 
 Esmeralda, county, VI. 727. 
 
 Esmeraldas, river of Ecuador, VI. 727. 
 Province, 1 c. 
 
 Esmun [es-moon'], Phoenician deity, XII. 118, 
 1 c. 
 
 Esxe [es'-na], town of Egypt, VI. 727. Re¬ 
 mains at, 728, 1 a (ill., 727). 
 
 Esneh : see Esne. 
 
 Esoter'ic instructions: see Aristotle, 1.706,1 b. 
 
 Esox (ichthyology), XIII. 509, 2 ab. E. lu- 
 cius, 2 c. E. reticulatus, 510, 1 c (ill.). 
 Other species. 
 
 Espartero, Joaquin Baldomero [ais-par-ta'-ro], 
 duke de la Vitoria, Spanish soldier and 
 statesman, VI. 728. 
 
 Esparto, grass, VI. 728; XIII. 47, 2 b. 
 Esperas [es-pa'-ras], shelters for vessels from 
 the great tide of the Amazon, I. 379, 2 b. 
 Espinasse, Mile, de P: see Lespinasse. 
 Espinel, Vicente [ais-pe-nail'J, Spanish poet, 
 VI. 728. 
 
 Espir'ito San'to, province of Brazil, VI. 729. 
 Esprits forts [es-pre for], free thinkers, VII. 
 473, 1 b. 
 
 Espy, James P., American meteorologist, VI. 
 729. His theory of storms, VIII. 381, 2 c; 
 referred to, IX. 80, 2 c. 
 
 Esquemeling , John , buccaneer, III. 376, 1 c. 
 Es'quiline hill (Mons Esquilinus), Rome, XIV. 
 409, 1 ab; 410, 2 a. 
 
 Esquimaux [es'-ke-moze], most northerly Amer¬ 
 ican Indians, VI. 729; I. 392, 1 a. Esqui¬ 
 maux hunter (ill.), VI. 730. 
 
 Esquire, VI. 731; IV. 496, 2 a. As a title, 
 VI. 731, 1 c. 
 
 Esquirol, Jean Etienne Dominique [es-ke-rul], 
 French physician and philanthropist, VI. 
 731. On insanity, IX. 299,1 ab, c; 302, 1 be. 
 Esquiros, Henri Alphonse [es-ke-roce], French 
 author and politician, VI. 731. Adele, au¬ 
 thoress, 732, 1 a. 
 
 Ess, Heinrich Leander van, German theolo¬ 
 gian, VI. 732. Efforts to promote the read¬ 
 ing of the Bible among German Catholics, 
 
 1 ab; disapproved by German bishops and 
 the pope, 1 b. 
 
 Esseg: see Eszek. 
 
 Essen, town of Prussia, VI. 732. Krupp’s 
 cast-steel manufactory, 1 c. 
 
 Essen, Hans Henrik, count, Swedish general, 
 VI. 732. 
 
 Essence de mirbane [es-sa ng ce duh meer-ban], 
 nitro-benzole, II. 546, 1 b. 
 
 Essences : see Essential Oils. 
 
 Essenes [es-seenz'], Jewish sect, VI. 732. See 
 Excommunication, VII. 24, 1 b. 
 
 Essential Oils, VI. 733. Adulteration of, 
 
 2 be; I. 134, 1 c. 
 
 Essequibo [es-sa-ke'-bo], river of British 
 Guiana, VI. 734. Territory, 1 c. 
 
 Essex, five counties in the United States, VI. 
 734. 
 
 Essex, county of Canada, VI. 735. 
 
 Essex, county of England, VI. 735. 
 
 Essex, Earls of, VI. 735. See Cromwell, 
 Thomas. Walter Devereux, 2 a. Robert 
 Devereux, 2 b. Robert Devereux (2d), 736, 
 1 c. Arthur, second Baron Capel, 2 b. 
 Essex, the frigate, cruise of, XIII. 723, 1 c. 
 
ESSEX 
 
 ETIIER 
 
 299 
 
 Essex Junior, 2 a. Battle with the Phoebe 
 and Cherub, 2 b. 
 
 Essex Institute: see Salem, XIV. 562, 2 a. 
 
 Essex Junto, political body, XIII. 131, 2 b. 
 
 “ Essex Result , the,” pamphlet, XIII. 131, 2 b. 
 
 Essling: see Aspern and Essling. 
 
 Essling, prince of: see Massena, AndrA 
 
 Esslixgen [ess'-ling-en], town of Wiirtemberg, 
 
 VI. 736. Esslingen champagne, 2 c. 
 
 Es'sonite, garnet, VII. 625, 1 be. 
 
 Estaing, Charles Hector, count d’ [des-ta ng ], 
 French naval officer, VI. 736; X. 96, 1 c. 
 
 Estancia [ais-tan'-se-a], enclosure for cattle, 
 IV. 130, 1 a. 
 
 Estate, in law, VI. 737. Estate of inheritance, 
 2 a; for life, 738, 1 a; less than freehold, 
 1 b. Estate in expectancy, 2 ab; in re¬ 
 mainder, ib .; in reversion, 2 b. Contingent 
 remainder, 2 c. Executory devise, ib. Co¬ 
 parcenary tenancy, 739, 1 a. Joint tenancy, 
 1 ab. Incorporeal estates, 1 b. Legal estate, 
 XVI. 17, 2 c; equitable, 18, 1 a (Trusts). 
 
 Este [es'-ta], town of Italy, VI. 739. 
 
 Este, princely house of Italy, VI. 739. Este- 
 Guelph, 2 a. Rulers of Ferrara, &c., ib .— 
 Augusta Emma and Augustus Frederick 
 d’Este, children of the duke of Sussex, 2 c. 
 
 Estella [ais-ta'-lya], city of Spain, VI. 740. 
 
 Estepa [ais-ta'-pa], town of Spain, VI. 740. 
 
 Estepo'na, town of Spain, VI. 740. 
 
 Esterhazy [es'-ter-ha-ze], family of Hungarian 
 magnates, VI. 740. Prince Nicholas Joseph, 
 field marshal, 2 ab; his generosity to Haydn, 
 VIII. 540, 1 be. Paul Antony, revolutionary 
 minister, VI. 740, 2 b. Possessions, 2 c. 
 
 Ester mile, county seat, VI. 584, 1 c. 
 
 Esther [es'-ter], Queen, wife of Ahasuerus, VI. 
 740. 
 
 Esther, Queen, half-breed Indian: see Wyo¬ 
 ming Valley, XVI. 753, 2 a. 
 
 Esther, mistress of Casimir the Great, VI. 741, 
 1 b; IV. 57, 1 ab. 
 
 Esthland [est'-lant]: see Esthonia. 
 
 Estho'nia, government of Russia, VI. 741. 
 Esthonians, 2 a (ill., Esthonian women). 
 
 Estienne [a-tyen], family of printers: see Ste¬ 
 phens. 
 
 Es'till, county, VI. 742. 
 
 Estillville, county seat, XIV. 706, 1 c. 
 
 Estilo culto [ais-te'-lo kooP-to], Spanish poeti¬ 
 cal style, VIII. 98, 1 c. 
 
 Estop'pel, in law, VI. 742. See Evidence, 
 
 VII. 7, 2 a. Estoppel in pais, ib. 
 
 Esto'vers, legal term, VI. 742. 
 
 Estragon [es-tra-go ng ], herb: see Tarragon. 
 Estranghelo alphabet , XV. 547, 2 a. 
 
 Estrays, in law, VI. 742. In the United 
 States, 2 a. 
 
 Estreat, law term, VI. 742. 
 
 Estrees, Gabrielle d’ [des-tra], mistress of 
 Henry IV., VI. 742 ; II. 424, 2 b. 
 
 Estrelda (ornithology), VII. 190, 1 be. E. 
 astrild, ib. 
 
 Estrel'la, Serra da: see Portugal, XIII. 737, 
 1 a. 
 
 Estremadura [es-tra-ma-doo'-ra], province of 
 Portugal, VI. 742. Province of Spain, 743, 
 
 1 a. Origin of the name, 1 b. 
 
 Estremoz [-moce'], town of Portugal, VI. 743. 
 Es'zek, town and fortress of Slavonia, VI. 743. 
 Eta [a'-ta], Japanese pariahs, IX. 545,1 b. 
 
 Eta Argus [e'-ta], star, VI. 184, 1 a. 
 
 Etacism , system of Greek pronunciation, VIII. 
 
 209, 2 c. 
 
 Etampes [a-ta ng p], town of France, VI. 743. 
 Etampes, Anne de Pisseleu, duchess d’, mistress 
 of Francis I., VI. 743. Jealousy of Diana 
 of Poitiers, and their disastrous political in¬ 
 trigues, 2 b. 
 
 Etats promneiaux [a-ta pruh-va ng -se-o] : see 
 States General, XV. 324, 1 c. 
 
 Etawah [et-a'-waj, town of India, VI. 743. 
 Etching, VI. 651, 2 b. Painters’, ib .; engra¬ 
 vers’, 652, 1 c. 
 
 Etchmiadzin [etch-me-ad-zeen'], convent of, I. 
 725, 1 c. 
 
 Eteoh'emins, tribe of Indians, VI. 743. 
 Eteocles and Polynices [e-te'-o-kleez, po-le- 
 nl'-seez], legendary kings of Grecian Thebes, 
 VI. 744. See Antigone, and (Edipus. 
 Ete'sian Winds, VI. 744. 
 
 Eternal fires, so styled, from natural gas 
 springs, VII. 635, 1 ab. 
 
 Etex, Antoine [a-tex], French artist, VI. 744. 
 Ethal, ethalic alcohol, ethalic acid , products of 
 spermaceti, XV. 261, 2 b, c. 
 
 Etham: see Exodus, VII. 29, 1 c. 
 
 Eth'elbald, king of Wessex, VI. 744. 
 Ethelbert, king of Kent, VI. 744. Introduc¬ 
 tion of Christianity, ib .; II. Ill, 2 c. 
 Ethelbert, king of the Anglo-Saxons, VI. 744. 
 Ethelred I., king of the Anglo-Saxons, VI. 745. 
 Ethelred II., the Unready, VI. 745. 
 Ethelwulf, king of the Anglo-Saxons, VI. 745„ 
 E'ther, or Hither, in physics, VI. 746 ; 491, 
 
 2 a; II. 82, 2 c. Huygens’s undulatory the¬ 
 ory of light, VI. 746, 1 b. Newton’s sugges¬ 
 tion of vibrations, ib .; his theory of the 
 
300 
 
 ETHER 
 
 EUCIIOLOGION 
 
 ether referred to, XII. 350, 1 b. Doctrine 
 of more recent physicists, VI. 746, 2 b. 
 
 Ether, in chemistry, VI. 747. Preparation of 
 sulphuric ether, 1 c. Volatility of, 2 c. 
 Medical use, 748, 1 ab. Compared with 
 chloroform as an anaesthetic, 1 c; I. 453,1 c, 
 454, 2 c. Ratio of power compared, ib. 
 (Enanthic ether, VI. 748, 2 ab.—Sulphuric 
 ethers, XV. 454, 2 a. Methylsulphuric ether, 
 2 b. Neutral sulphurous ether, 455, 2 c. 
 
 Ethered: see Ethelred. 
 
 Etherege, Sir George [eth'-er-ej], English com¬ 
 ic author, VI. 748. 
 
 Etheridge , Sir George: see Etherege. 
 
 Etheridge, John Wesley, English clergyman, 
 VI. 748. 
 
 Etherization in childbirth , treatise on: see 
 CnANNiNG, Walter. 
 
 Ethics : see Moral Philosophy. Referred to, 
 XV. 695, 1 a. 
 
 Etiiio'pia, VI. 749. Early history, 1 b. From 
 the 17th century B. C., 1 c. Assyrian period, 
 2 be. Persian period, 750, 1 b. Greek and 
 Roman period, 1 c. Monuments, 2 a. Wor¬ 
 ship, ib. Civilization of, discoveries respect¬ 
 ing, X. 363, 1 a. 
 
 Ethiopia, Languages and Literature of, VI. 750. 
 Language now called Ethiopic, 2 c. Litera¬ 
 ture, 752, 1 c. European study of it, 2 a. 
 Amharic language, 2 b. Dialect of Tigre, 
 753, 1 ab. 
 
 Ethiopian Bible , I. 49, 1 c. 
 
 Ethiopian , or Geez language: see Ethiopia, 
 Languages and Literature of. Referred to, 
 I. 49, 1 be; 171, 1 a. 
 
 Ethiopians , races so styled by the Greeks, XII. 
 216, 1 b. 
 
 Ethnol'ogy, VI. 753. Ethnology and anthro¬ 
 pology, 2 a. Classifications by different wri¬ 
 ters, 2 b, ff. Descent of man, 755, 2 b. 
 Classification according to. the form of the 
 skull, 756, 1 a; to the character of the hair, 
 2 ab (table). Geographical distribution, 1 c. 
 Negroes, 757, 1 c. Australians, 2 b. Mon¬ 
 golians, 758, 1 b. Dravidas, 2 b. Nubians, 
 2 c. Mediterraneans, 759, 1 ab. Indo-Eu¬ 
 ropeans, 2 b. Ethnological chart, explana¬ 
 tion of, 2 c. Relation of races to each other, 
 760, 1 a (table). Date of man’s appearance 
 on the earth, 1 c. 
 
 Ethsege [eth-sa'-ga], in the Abyssinian church, 
 I. 49, 1 a. 
 
 Ethyle [eth'-il], gas, VI. 760. Neutral sul¬ 
 phate of, XV. 454, 2 a and b. Ethyl-sul¬ 
 
 phurous acid, 455, 2 c. Sulphydrate of 
 ethyle, 1 b. 
 
 Etienne [a-tyen], family of printers: see 
 Stephens. 
 
 Etna, volcano of Sicily, VI. 761 (view). Erup¬ 
 tions of, 762, 1 c. 
 
 Etoile , Arc de Triomphe de V [ark duh tre-o^f 
 dfih la-twal], Paris, XIII. 80, 2 c (ill., 81). 
 
 Eton, town of England, VI. 763. Eton college, 
 ib. (ill.). Eton montem, 764, 1 a. 
 
 Et'owah, county, VI. 764. 
 
 Etre ne coiffe [a-triih na kwa-fa], proverb, IV. 
 136, 2 c. 
 
 Etru'ria, division of ancient Italy, VI. 764. 
 Inhabitants, 1 c. Etruscan language, 765,1 a. 
 Literary remains, 1 b. Confederacy, 2 a. 
 Religion, 2 b. Monuments, 2 c. Proficiency 
 in the arts, 766, 1 a. History, 1 b. Dialects 
 of, IX. 455, 1 be. Modern kingdom of Etru¬ 
 ria, VI. 766, 2 c; IX. 451, 1 b; XVI. 83, 2 be. 
 
 Etruscan architecture , I. 658, 1 c. 
 
 Etruscans: see Etruria, and IX. 439, 1 b. 
 
 Etrusci , ancient Italic race, VI. 764, 1 c. 
 
 Ettlingen [et'-ling-en], town of Baden, VI. 766. 
 
 Ettrick Shepherd: see Hogg, James. 
 
 Etty, William, English painter, VI. 766. 
 
 Etymology : see Language. 
 
 Etzel: see Attila. 
 
 Eu [uli], town of France, VI. 767. Chateau 
 d’Eu, 1 b. 
 
 Eu, Louis Philippe Marie Ferdinand Gaston 
 d’Orleans, count d’ [duh], Brazilian general, 
 VI. 767. 
 
 Euastrum (desmidieae), VI. 42, 2 c. E. oblon- 
 gum (ill.), 43. 
 
 Eubce'a, island of Greece, VI. 767. History, 
 2 b. Nomarchy of, 2 c. 
 
 Eubulides of Miletus [yu-bu'-le-deez], Greek 
 philosopher, VI. 767. One of his famous 
 sophisms, 768, 1 a. 
 
 Eucalyne [yu'-ka-lin]: see Sugar, XV. 441,1 b. 
 
 Euoalyp'tus, genus of trees, VI. 768. E. ma- 
 crocarpa, 1 b (ill.). E. Preissiana, ib. (ill.). 
 E. gigantea, 1 c. E. resinifera, 2 a; specific 
 gravity of, XVI. 704, 1 c. E. globulus, VI. 
 768, 2 c. Other species. Medical properties 
 of, 2 be. 
 
 Eucharist [yu'-ka-rist]: see Lord’s Supper, 
 and XIV. 396, 1 c. Referred to, X. 534, 2 b. 
 
 Eucharistic liturgies , X. 534, 2 b. 
 
 Euchee Anna , county seat, XVI. 444, 2 b. 
 
 Euchites [yu'-kites], sect, referred to, XIII. 
 178, 1 a. 
 
 E vxo7,6yiov, of the Greek church, III. 257, 1 a. 
 
EUCHRE 
 
 EUROPE 
 
 301 
 
 Euchre [yu'-ker], game, VI. 769. 
 
 Eu'clid, ancient geometer, VI. 769. Device of 
 reasoning in geometry introduced by him, 
 
 VII. 701, 1 be. 
 
 Euclid of Megara, philosopher, VI. 770. Me- 
 garic school: see Philosophy, XIII. 437, 2 c. 
 Eudaimonia , Aristotle’s conception of, I. 707, 
 1 a. 
 
 Euda'mus (entomology), III. 500, 2 a. E. tity- 
 rus, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Eudes [iihd], duke of Aquitania, IV. 284, 1 be. 
 
 Count of Paris, and king, XIII. 89, 2 b. 
 Eudiom'eter, chemical instrument, VI. 770. 
 Eudocia, Roman empress, VI. 770: see Athe- 
 nais (Index). Life of Christ in verses from 
 Homer attributed to her, 2 c. Byzantine 
 empress, 771, 1 ab. 
 
 Eudoxia, empress of the West, VI. 771. 
 Eudoxia , wife of the emperor Arcadius, I. 641, 
 1 b; IV. 563, 1 ab, if. Illicit connection 
 with Count John, 2 b. 
 
 Eudoxus of Cnidus, Greek natural philoso¬ 
 pher, VI. 771. 
 
 Eudoxus of Cyzicus, Greek navigator, VI. 771. 
 Eufaula, city of Alabama, VI. 771. 
 
 Euga'nei , ancient Italic race, IX. 439, 1 b. 
 Eugene (Frangois Eugene de Savoie-Carignan), 
 prince, Austrian general, VI. 771. 
 
 Eugene City , county seat, X. 142, 1 c. 
 
 Eugenia pimenta (botany), I. 337, 1 b (ill.). 
 Eugenie [uh-zha-ne], empress of France: see 
 Bonaparte, III. 58, 1 a. 
 
 Eugenius, name of four popes, VI. 773. I., 
 
 Saint, 1 a. II., 1 ab. HI., Bernardo Pa- 
 ganelli, 1 b; referred to, II. 574, 1 a. IV., 
 Gabriele Condulmero, VI. 773, 2 a; VII. 
 277, 2 c. 
 
 Euqubian tablets, IX. 440, 1 ab. Discovery of, 
 
 VIII. 294, 2 ab. 
 
 Eugubium , ancient town, VIII. 294, 2 a. 
 Eulcdus , river, IX. 823, 2 ab. 
 
 Eulenspiegel [oi'-len-spe-ghel]: see Fairies, 
 
 VII. 65, 1 c. 
 
 Euler, Leonhard [oi'-ler], Swiss mathemati¬ 
 cian, VI. 774. His undulatory theory of 
 light, 746, 2 b. His analytic method in 
 mathematics, 775, 1 a; XI. 276, 2 b. 
 Eumenes [yu'-me-neez], Greek general, VI. 775. 
 Eumenes fraterna (entomology), XVI. 493,1 a; 
 
 494, la. . 
 
 Eumen'ides, in mythology, VI. 775. 
 Eumeto’pias SteVleri (zoology), XIV. 733, 2. be. 
 EumoVpus vi'tis (entomology), II. 478, 1 a. 
 Euna'pius, Greek sophist, VI. 775. 
 
 Eunec'tes muri'nus (zoology), I. 451, 2 b (ill.). 
 Eunice [yu-ni'-se], worm, VI. 218, 1 c. 
 Eunomian (. Aetian ) heresy , I. 155, 1 a. 
 Eunomians , religious party, I. 700, 2 a; VI. 
 776, 1 b. 
 
 Eunomius, heresiarch, VI. 776; I. 155, 1 a ; 
 700, 2 a. 
 
 Eunuchs, VI. 776. See Castration. 
 Eupatoria, town of Russia, VI. 776. 
 Eupatorium (botany) : see Boneset (E. perfo- 
 liatum). E. ageratoides, XV. 131, 1 be. 
 Eupat'ridce , nobles of Athens, II. 54, 2 c; 55,1 a. 
 Eupen [oi'-pen], town of Prussia, VI. 777. 
 Euphe'ma (ornithology), XIII. 124, 1 a. 
 Euphorbia, genus of plants, VI. 777. E. offi- 
 cinarum, 1 c (ill.) ; E. ipecacuanha, 2 b (ill.) ; 
 and other species. Euphorbium, 1 c. E. 
 inaculata, XIV. 96,1 a. E. hypericifolia, ib, 
 Euphorbium , gum resin, VI. 777, 1 c. 
 Euphrates, river of Asia, VI. 777. Histori¬ 
 cal associations, 778, 1 c. 
 
 Euphrosyne [yu-froz'-e-ne]: see Graces. 
 Euphues [yu'-fu-eez]: see Euphuism. 
 Euphuism, style of speech, VI. 778. 
 
 Eu'pione: see Kerosene, IX. 811, 2 be. 
 Euplectella speciosa, sponge, XVI. 305,1 a (ill.). 
 Euploc'omus (ornithology), XIII. 385, 2 a. 
 Euplo'ta , class of animalcules, I. 515, 1 c. 
 Eu'polis, Greek comic poet, VI. 778. 
 
 Euprepes quinquelinea'tus [yu'-pre-peez], (zo¬ 
 ology), XV. 80, 2 b. 
 
 Eurasians , mixed race, III. 571, 2 c; 573, 1 c. 
 Eure [tk.hr], department of France, VI. 779. 
 River, 1 b. 
 
 Eure-et-Loir [-a-lwar], department of France, 
 VI. 779. 
 
 Eureka , exclamation of Archimedes, I. 652,1 a. 
 Eureka , county seats, VIII. 240,1 c; IX. 41,1 a. 
 Euripides [yu-rip'-e-deez], Greek tragic poet, 
 VI. 779. Characterization, 780, 1 c. 
 Eu'ripus, channel of Greece, VI. 780. Irreg¬ 
 ularities of the tide, 2 c. 
 
 Eurocs , North American Indians, X. 22, 1 b. 
 Euros'a, city and lake, site of, IX. 525, 2 c. 
 Euro'pa, in mythology, VI. 780. 
 
 Europe, continent, VI. 781. (Map.) Name, 
 
 1 a. Ancient knowledge of, 1 be. Political 
 importance of, 781, 2 b. Extent, ib. Coasts 
 and seas, 782, 1 b. Peninsulas and islands, 
 
 2 a. Surface, 2 be. Mountain systems, 783, 
 1 b. River systems, 784, 1 b. Lakes, 2 a. 
 Climate, 2 b; isothermal lines, 2 c. Vege¬ 
 tation, 785, 1 b. Minerals, 2 c. Animals, 
 786, 1 b. Inhabitants, 2 ab. Population, 
 
302 
 
 EUROTAS 
 
 EVERETT 
 
 787, 1 b; races, 2 a (table). Cultivation, 
 2 c. Productions, 788, 1 a. Religion, 1 be. 
 Forms of government, 2 b. Finances, 789, 
 
 1 a. Military establishments, 1 b. 
 
 Euro'tas, ancient river of Greece, VI. 789 ; X. 
 
 83, 2 ab. 
 
 Euryale [yu-rl'-a-le]: see Gorgons. 
 
 Eurydice [yu-rid'-e-se], in mythology, VI. 789; 
 XII. 710, 2 c. Daughter of Amyntas, VI. 
 789, 2 a; IV. 60, 2 c, 61, 1 a. 
 
 Euryn'olus, fossil fish, VII. 615, 1 c. 
 Eurypter'idce, fossil crustaceans, IX. 838, 2 b. 
 Eurypterus, 2 c. 
 
 Euryp'yga (ornithology), VIII. 691, 2 c. E. 
 helias, ib. 
 
 Eurystheus [yu-ris'-thuce], VIII. 679, 1 b, ff. 
 Euse , Jacques cV [duz], (John XXII.), IX. 647,2 a. 
 Eusebius, ancient ecclesiastical writer, VI. 789. 
 Eusebius of Nicomedia, I. 708, 2 c, ff. 
 Eusem'ites, branch of the Semites, VI. 759, 
 
 2 ab; XIV. 760, 1 c. 
 
 Euspi'za Americana (ornithology), III. 439, 
 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Eustachi, Bartolommeo [a-oos-ta'-ke], Italian 
 anatomist, VI. 790. 
 
 Eustachian tube [yuce-ta'-ke-an], (anatomy), 
 VI. 351, 1 c; XII. 516, 1 a; XIII. 382, 2 a. 
 Eustachio : see Eustachi. 
 
 Eusta'thians: see Meletius, Saint. 
 
 Eustathius , saint and bishop, referred to, XI. 
 
 729, 1 b. See Meletius, Saint. 
 
 Eustis, William, American physician and poli¬ 
 tician, VI. 790. 
 
 Euta'chus sa’cer (entomology), II. 477, 1 be. 
 Eu'taw , county seat, VIII. 227, 2 c. 
 
 Eutaw Springs, VI. 790. Battle of, ib. ; X. 
 
 303, 2 ab; referred to, IX. 20, 1 a. 
 
 Euter'pe, in mythology, VI. 791. 
 
 Egtyches [yu-tl'-keez], heresiarch, VI. 791. 
 His doctrine of the nature of Christ: see 
 Monophysites. 
 
 Eutychians , religious party: see Eutyches, 
 and XI. 217, 2 b. 
 
 Euxine Sea : see Black Sea. 
 
 Evacuation day, in Xew York, XII. 407, 2 ab. 
 Evag'oras, king of Salamis, VI. 791. 
 Eva'grius, Syrian church historian, VI. 791. 
 Evald, Johannes [a'-vald], Danish poet, VI. 791. 
 Exangelary: see Missal. 
 
 Evangelical Alliance, VI. 792. 
 
 Evangelical Association, ecclesiastical body, 
 VI. 792; XI. 460, 1 a. 
 
 Evangelical Church Union of the West, XVI. 
 
 118, 1 a. 
 
 Evangelical Protestant church, in Wiirtemberg, 
 XVI. 743, 1 c. See United Evangelical 
 CnuRcn. 
 
 Evangelical Synod of North America, XVI- 
 118, 1 b. 
 
 Evangelical union, German Protestant league, 
 XV. 709, 1 c. 
 
 Evangelist, VI. 793. 
 
 Evangelium Infantine Christi, or secundum 
 Thomam, apocryphal gospel, XV. 715, 2 b. 
 
 Ev'ans, Augusta: see Wilson, Augusta. 
 
 Evans, Sir De Lacy, British general, VI. 793. 
 
 Evans, Edward P., American scholar and au¬ 
 thor, VI. 793. 
 
 Evans, Frederick William, elder of the Sha¬ 
 kers, VI. 794. 
 
 Evans, Lewis, American geographer and sur¬ 
 veyor, VI. 794. 
 
 Evans, Marian: see Lewes, Marian Evans. 
 
 Evans, Oliver, American inventor, VI. 794; 
 
 XV. 329, 1 c (twice), 336, 1 a, ab. 
 
 Evans, Major, I. 236, 2 a (Alamo). 
 
 Evanston, township of Illinois, VI. 794. 
 
 Evansville, city of Indiana, VI. 794. 
 
 Evaporation, VI. 795. Relations between 
 
 water and its vapor, 2 a (table). Conditions 
 of evaporation, 2 b. Hygroscopes and hy¬ 
 grometers, 796, 1 be. Practical applications, 
 2 a. Tension of liquids, 2 b. See Water. 
 
 XVI. 494, 2 c, ff. 
 
 Ev'arts, Jeremiah, secretary of the American 
 board of commissioners for foreign missions. 
 VI. 797. William Maxwell, American law¬ 
 yer, 1 b. (U. S. secretary of state 1877.) 
 
 Eve, in Scriptural history, VI. 797. 
 
 Evection, in astronomy, VI. 797. 
 
 Ev'elyn, John, English author, VI. 797. 
 
 Evening Post, newspaper of Xew York, I. 138, 
 2 b ; III. 372,1 a, if.; V. 47, 2 c; XII. 342, 2 b. 
 
 Evening primrose, common, XII. 585, 1 a (ill.). 
 Missouri, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Evening Shade, county seat, XIV. 831, 2 c. 
 
 Everdingen, Aldertvan [a'-ver-ding-en], Dutch 
 painter, VI. 797. 
 
 Everest, Mt., Himalaya mountains,VIII. 732,1 c. 
 
 Everett, Alexander Hill, American diploma¬ 
 tist and author, VI. 798. 
 
 Everett, Edward, American statesman, orator, 
 and author, VI. 798. A pastor in Boston, 
 2 b. Professor of Greek, 2 c. Member of 
 congress, 799, 1 b. Governor of Massachu¬ 
 setts, 1 c. Minister to England, ib. Presi¬ 
 dent of Harvard university, 2 b. Secretary 
 of state, 2 be. U. S. senator, 800, 1 a. His 
 
EVERGLADES 
 
 EXODUS 
 
 303 
 
 oration on Washington, 1 be. “The Mount 
 Vernon Papers,” 2 a. Nominated as vice 
 president, 2 b. His last addresses, ib. 
 
 Everglades , Florida, V. 630,1 c; VII. 280, 2 ab. 
 
 Evergreens , trees, X. 266, 2 c. 
 
 “ Everlasting flowers ,” IX. 196, 1 c. 
 
 Eves'ham, borough of England, VII. 5. 
 
 Evidence, judicial, VII. 5. Glassification of 
 rules of evidence, 1 b; rules of general ap¬ 
 plication, 1 c; hearsay evidence, 6, 1 b; 
 competency of witnesses, 2 b ; presumptions 
 of law, 7, 1 c; comparative weight of evi¬ 
 dence, 2 c; admissibility of evidence, 8, 2 a. 
 Rules of practice, 2 c. Examination of wit¬ 
 nesses, 9, 2 c. 
 
 Evil-Merodach , king of Babylon, II. 190, 1 a. 
 
 E'volutes , Huygens’s theory of, in geometry, 
 VII. 701, 2 c. 
 
 Evolution, VII. 10. Views of the ancients, 
 
 1 a; of modern naturalists, 1 c. Huxley’s 
 statement of the theory, 11, 1 b. Theory 
 of development, 1 c. Darwin’s theory of 
 natural selection, 13, 2 c; “survival of the 
 fittest,” 14, 1 b. Spencer’s theory of evolu¬ 
 tion, 2b; its factors, 15, 2 a; his summary 
 of it, 16, 2 c. See Haeckel, Huxley, and 
 Lamarck. Prof. Jevons on, X. 583, 1 b. 
 
 Evoka [a-vo'-ra], city of Portugal, VII. 17. 
 
 £vreux [a-vruh], city of France, VII. 17 
 (view). Chateau of Navarre, 18, 1 a. 
 
 Ev'ripo : see Ciialcis. 
 
 Ewald, Georg Heinrich August von [a'-valt], 
 German orientalist, theologian, and his¬ 
 torian, VII. 18. (Died 1875.) 
 
 Ewald, Johannes : see Evald. 
 
 Ewbank, Thomas, American writer on practi¬ 
 cal mechanics, VII. 18. 
 
 Ewell, Richard Stoddard, confederate gen¬ 
 eral, VII. 19. 
 
 Ewing, John, American clergyman, VII. 19. 
 
 Ewing, Thomas, American statesman, VII. 
 19. Thomas, his son, 20, 1 c (member of 
 congress from Ohio 1877). 
 
 Exaltados [ex-al-ta'-^oce], Spanish political 
 party, IX. 423, 1 be. 
 
 Exa’men ad gradum : see Jesuits, IX. 626, 1 b. 
 
 ExARcn [ex'-ark], Greek dignitary, VI. 20; 
 XIII. 834, 2 a. 
 
 Excellency, official title, VII. 20. 
 
 Excelmans : see Exelmans. 
 
 Exchange, place of business, VII. 20. Lon¬ 
 don exchange, 21, 1 a. Paris bourse, 1 c. 
 Hamburg and other continental exchanges, 
 
 2 a. New York merchants’ exchange, 2 ab. 
 
 Exchange: see Sale, XIV. 559, 1 c. 
 
 Exchange, Bill of, VII. 21 ; XII. 212, 2 ab, 
 214, 1 a. Form of, VII. 22, 1 a. Negotia¬ 
 bility of, 1 b. Foreign and inland, 23, 1 b. 
 Promissory notes, 1 c. First instituted, II. 
 273, 2 b. 
 
 Exchanges of heat , doctrine of, VIII. 570, 2 ab. 
 
 Exchequer , chancellor of the, IV. 254, 2 a. 
 
 Excise, tax, VII. 23. In the United States, 
 2 a. Relative advantages of excise duties 
 and customs, 2 b. Case of Henderson, 2 c. 
 Excise question in England, under George 
 II., 705, 1 b. 
 
 Exclusion bill: see James II., IX. 518, 1 b, 
 and IV. 283, 1 c. 
 
 Excommunication, VII. 24. Greek, Roman, 
 and Celtic, 1 a-b. Jewish, 1 c. In the 
 early Christian church, ib. In the Latin 
 church, 2 ab. In the reformed churches, 2 c. 
 
 Excrementitious matters , VII. 25, 1 c. 
 
 Excretion, VII. 25. Excretory organs, 2 a. 
 
 Execution, in law, VII. 25. In England, 2 be. 
 In the United States, 26, 1 c. Of a judg¬ 
 ment for a money demand, 2 a. In the 
 United States, 2 c. See Sheriff. 
 
 Executor, in law, VII. 27. De son tort, 1 b. 
 
 Executory devise , VI. 738, 2 c. 
 
 Exege'sis , interpretation of the Scriptures, XV. 
 695, 1 ab. 
 
 Exelmans, Remy Joseph Isidore, count [ex-el- 
 ma ng ], French general, VII. 27. 
 
 Exergue [egz-erg'J, of a coin or medal, XII. 
 535, 2 b. 
 
 Ex'eter, town of New Hampshire, VII. 27. 
 Phillips academy, 2 ab. Robinson female 
 seminarv, 2 b. 
 
 Exeter, town of England, VII. 27. Rouge- 
 mont castle, 2 c. Cathedral, ib. (ill., 28). 
 
 Exfoliation , scaling of bone, XII. 205, 2 c. 
 
 Exhausters , of gas works, VII. 637, 2 a. 
 
 Exhaustion, in geometry, VII. 28. 
 
 Exhibitioners , at Oxford university, XII. 764, 
 2 c. 
 
 Exid'ice (fungi), VII. 533, 2 be. 
 
 Exi'ra , county seat, II. 104, 1 c. 
 
 Ex-jailer of Blaye, sobriquet, III. 417, 2 be. 
 
 Exmouth [ex'-muth], town of England, VII. 28. 
 
 ExMOUTn, Edward Pellew, viscount, admiral, 
 VII. 28. 
 
 Exocce'tus (ichthyology), VII. 296, 2 b. E. voli- 
 tans, 297, 1 be (ill.). Other species. 
 
 Exodus, book of the Bible, VII. 29. Illustra¬ 
 tions of the narrative from modern Egyp¬ 
 tology, 1 c. Route of the exodus, 30, 1 a. 
 
304 
 
 EXOGENS 
 
 EZZELINO 
 
 Exogens, class of plants, VII. 30; VI. 594, 2 a ; 
 XIII. 580, 1 b. 
 
 Exogenous stem [ex-oj'-e-nus], XIII. 580, 1 b. 
 Exogo'nium (botany), IX. 509, 1 be. E. purga, 
 ib. (ill.). 
 
 Ex'orcism, rite, VII. 31. Among pagans and 
 Jews, 1 b. In the Christian church, 1 c. 
 Exorcists, in the Latin church, V. 795, 2 c. 
 Exosmose': see Endosmose. Referred to, I. 
 194, 1 ab. 
 
 Exosto'sis, osseous tumor, VII. 31. Causes of 
 it, 32, 1 c. Treatment, 2 a. In the young 
 deer, V. 756, 2 a. 
 
 Exoter'ic instructions: see Aristotle, 1.706,1 b. 
 Exoucontians: see Arianism, I. 700, 2 a. 
 Expansion, VII. 32. By heat, 2 be ; by cool¬ 
 ing, 33, 2 a. See Ioe, IX. 146, 1 c; Water, 
 XVI. 494, 2 ab; Bismuth, II. 666, 2 c. 
 Expansion of the air and gases, law of, VII. 
 653, 1 c. 
 
 Expansion tank, in a greenhouse, VIII. 231, 
 2 c. 
 
 Ex par'te (one-sided), I. 157, 1 ab. 
 Expatriation, right of, I. 326, 2 a. See Nat¬ 
 uralization. In time of war, XIV. 20,1 a. 
 Explosive paper, VII. 38, 2 a. 
 
 Explosives, VII. 34. Explosive compound 
 defined, 1 ab. Gunpowder, 1 b; composi¬ 
 tion of different kinds, 2 a. Pyroxyline, 35, 
 2 b; gun cotton, 2 be; xyloidine, 36, 1 b; 
 Schultze’s chemical powder, lbc; haloxyline, 
 1 c. Nitro-glycerine, 2 a; dynamite, 37, 
 1 c; dualline, 2 ab. Chlorate of potassa 
 powders, 38, 1 a. Chloride of nitrogen, 2 ab. 
 Picrate of potash powders, 2 b. Fulminates, 
 
 39, 1 a. General theory of explosives, 2 b. 
 Expo'nent, mathematical, VII. 40. 
 
 Exponential equations and functions, VII. 40, 
 
 1 c. 
 
 Express, special messenger or conveyance, VII. 
 
 40. History of the enterprise in the United 
 States, 2 a. Extent and methods of the busi¬ 
 ness, 41, 2 a. 
 
 Express men, legal relations of, VII. 338, 2 b. 
 Exjiunging resolutions , in the case of President 
 Jackson, IX. 493, lb; II. 543, 1 a. Oppo¬ 
 sition to, III. 589, 1 a; XVI. 88, 2 b. 
 
 Extension, doctrine of, in geometry, referred 
 to, VII. 702, 1 c. 
 
 Extensibility of steel, XV. 366, 1 c. 
 
 Extradition, VII. 41. Between the states of 
 the Union, 2 c; between sovereign nations, 
 42, 2 a. Requirements of treaties of extra¬ 
 dition, 43, 2 c. Treaties of Great Britain 
 with other powers, 44, 1 c. 
 
 Extraneers', class of students, I. 369, 1 b. 
 
 Extravagances , two collections of a class of 
 papal decrees, III. 719, 2 a; V. 753, 1 b. 
 
 Extreme Unction, sacrament, VII. 44. Its 
 effects, 2 b. Churches holding it as one of 
 the seven sacraments, 2 c. 
 
 Exudation, in inflammation, IX. 275, 2 ab; 276, 
 1 a, ff. 
 
 Eyalet [a'-ya-let]: see Vilayet, and Turkey, 
 XVI. 59, 1 c. 
 
 Eyck, Van [van ike], name of three Flemish 
 painters, VII. 44. Hubert van, 45, la. Jan 
 van, ib. Margaret van, 1 c. 
 
 Eye, VII. 45. Horizontal section of the eye¬ 
 ball (ill.), 2 c. Muscles of, 46, 2 a (ill.). Mod¬ 
 ification of rays entering the eye, 47, 1 a. 
 Adaptation of the eye to varying distances, 
 
 1 c (ill.). In reptiles, fishes, and mammals, 
 
 2 a. In insects, 48, 1 a. Artificial eyes, 46, 
 2 c.—Cast of the eye, XV. 296, 2 ab. “Em¬ 
 metropic” eye, 236, 2 c. Straining of the 
 eye, 238,1 a. “ Typographical eye,” V. 375, 
 2 be. See Vision. 
 
 Eye-bright, plant, X. 559, 1 b. 
 
 Eyed blenny, fish, II. 710, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Eye glass, XV. 238, 2 a. 
 
 Eye lens , in a telescope, XV. 622, 2 a. 
 
 Eyes of the sea, lakes in the Carpathian moun¬ 
 tains, IV. 18, 1 a; IX. 53, 2 c. 
 
 Eye Stone, VII. 48. 
 
 Eylau [I'-low], town of Prussia, VII. 48. Bat¬ 
 tle of, 2 c; allusion to, II. 217, 2 a. 
 
 Eze'kiel, prophet, VII. 49. Book of, 1 b. 
 
 Eziongeber [e'-ze-on-ghe'-ber], port of Edom, 
 VI. 410, 1 a. 
 
 Ezra, Jewish scribe and priest, VII. 49. Book 
 of, 2 a. 
 
 Ezzelino da Romano [et-sa-le'-no da ro-ma' 
 no], Ghibelline leader in Italy, VI. 49. 
 
F 
 
 FAIR 
 
 305 
 
 F 
 
 F, a letter, YII. 50. Sound, 1 a. Form, 1 b. 
 Changes, 1 c. Asa numeral, 2 ab. As an ab¬ 
 breviation, 2 b. On coins, ib. In music, ib. 
 
 Faba (botany), II. 416, 2 a. F. vulgaris, ib. 
 
 Faber, Frederick William, English clergyman 
 and author, YII. 50. 
 
 Faber, George Stanley, English theologian 
 and writer, YII. 51. 
 
 Faber, Pierre : see Lef^vre. 
 
 Faberman [fa'-ber-man], speaking automaton 
 of, II. 156, 1 a. 
 
 Fabian , Robert : see Fabyan. 
 
 Fabius, Roman gens, YII. 51. Quintus Fabius 
 Rullianus (Maximus), 2 a; XIII. 55, 1 c. 
 Caius Fabius Pictor, painter, YII. 51, 2 c. 
 Quintus Fabius Pictor, historian, 52, 1 a. 
 
 Fabliaux [fa-ble-o], tales in verse, YII. 403, 
 2 be. 
 
 Fabbe, Francois Xavier Pascal [fabr’], French 
 painter, YII. 52. See Albany, L. M. C. H., 
 countess of, I. 249, 1 b. 
 
 Fabre, Jean, “the honest criminal,” YII. 52. 
 
 Fabre d’Eglantine, Philippe Francois Nazaire 
 [fabr’ da-gla ng -teen], French revolutionist and 
 author, YII. 52. 
 
 Fabretti, Raffaello [fa-bret'-te], Italian anti¬ 
 quary, YII. 52. 
 
 Fabriano [fa-bre-a'-no], town of Italy, YII. 52. 
 
 Fabriano, Gentile da, Italian painter, YII. 52. 
 
 Fabricius [fa-brish'-us], (Caius Fabricius Lusci- 
 nus), Roman statesman, YII. 52. 
 
 Fabricius, Georg [fa-bre'-tse-oos], German 
 scholar, YII. 53. 
 
 Fabricius, Girolamo, Italian anatomist and 
 surgeon, YII. 53. 
 
 Fabricius, Johann Albert, German bibliogra¬ 
 pher, YII. 53. 
 
 Fabricius, Johann Christian, Danish entomol¬ 
 ogist, YII. 53. His classification of insects, 
 YI. 659, 2 c. 
 
 Fabrizio [fa-bre'-tse-o]: see Fabricius, Giro¬ 
 lamo. 
 
 Fabroni (Giovanni Yalentino Matda, baron, 
 1752-1822), Florentine naturalist, chemical 
 action in galvanism suggested by, YII. 586, 
 1 ab. 
 
 Fabyan, Robert, English chronicler, YII. 53. 
 
 Facciolati [fat-cho-la'-te]: see Facciolato. 
 
 Facciolato, Jacopo, Italian philologist, YII. 54. 
 
 Face , bones of the, XY. 75, 2 c (ills., 76). 
 
 20 
 
 Facial angle, Y. 175, 2 c. 
 
 Facing sand, for casting, IY. 76, 1 be. 
 
 Factor, in mercantile transactions, YII. 54. 
 Duties and rights of, 2 a. Rights of his 
 principal, 2 c. A factor’s powers, 55, 1 b. 
 Foreign and domestic, 2 c. 
 
 Factor of safety : see Strength of Materials, 
 XY. 415, 2 c. 
 
 Factories , East India company’s, YI. 376, 1 c. 
 Factum , in law : see Seal, XIY. 736, 1 ab. 
 Fac'ulce, luminous solar streaks, XY. 472, 2 c. 
 Fadas: see Fairies, YII. 64, 1 a. 
 
 Faed, Thomas [faid], Scottish artist, YII. 56. 
 Faenza [fa-en'-tsa], city of Italy, YII. 56. 
 F^e'sul^e : see Fiesole. 
 
 Fagine [fa'-jin], narcotic extractive principle, 
 II. 460, 2 be. 
 
 Fagnani, Joseph [fa-nyd'-ne], American artist, 
 YII. 56. 
 
 Fagotto, musical instrument: see Bassoon, II. 
 372, 1 a. 
 
 Fagus (botany), II. 459, 2 ab. F. sylvatica, 
 2 c (ill.). F. ferruginea, ib. F. obliqua, 460, 
 
 1 a. Other species. 
 
 Fahlcrantz, Karl Johan [fal'-krants], Swedish 
 painter, YII. 56. 
 
 Fahlerz [fal'-airts], ore, XY. 50, 1 c. 
 
 Fahlun [fa'-loon], town of Sweden, YII. 57. 
 
 Copper mines, 1 a; Y. 321, 2 a ; 
 Fahrenheit, Gabriel Daniel [fa'-ren-hite], Ger¬ 
 man physicist and mechanician, YII. 57. 
 His thermometer, 1 c ; XY. 698, 2 b, ff. See 
 Centigrade. Hydrometer, IX. 124, 2 a. 
 Fahrlcunst [far'-koonst], in mining, XI. 575,1 a. 
 Faible , in fencing, YII. 120, 2 a. 
 
 Faidherbe, Louis L6on Cesar [fa-dairb], French 
 soldier, YII. 57; II. 290, 1 c. 
 
 Faience [fa-ya ng s], enamelled pottery, YII. 56, 
 
 2 a; XIII. 778, 2 a. Faience d’Oiron, 782, 
 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Faillon, Michel Etienne [fa-yo Dg ], French the¬ 
 ological and historical writer, YII. 57. 
 Failly, Pierre Louis Charles Acliille de [fa- 
 ye], French soldier, YII. 57. 
 
 Fair, YII. 57. Celebrated fairs: of Great 
 Britain, 2 a; of France, 2 c; of Holland, 59, 
 1 b; of Italy, ib. ; of Sp^in and Portugal, 
 1 c; of Germany, ib. ; of Russia, 2b; of Tur¬ 
 key, 2 c; of Hdia, 60, 1 a; of ancient Mex¬ 
 ico, 1 ab. 
 
30 G 
 
 FAIRBAIRN 
 
 FALLOW 
 
 Fairbairn [fair'-bern] Sir William, English en¬ 
 gineer and machinist, VII. 60. (Died 1874.) 
 Fairbrother, Miss: see Cambridge, Dukes of, 
 III. 646, 1 c. 
 
 Fairburg , county seat, IX. 588, 2 a. 
 
 Fairfax, county, VII. 60. 
 
 Fairfax , county seat, V. 564, 2 a. 
 
 Fairfax, Edward, English poet, VII. 61. 
 Fairfax, Thomas, baron, general, VII. 61. 
 Fairfax, Thomas, baron, colonist of Virginia, 
 VII. 61. John Coutee Fairfax, American 
 physician, present baron, 62, 1 b. 
 
 Fairfax Court House , county seat, VII. 60, 2 c. 
 Fairfield, three counties, VII. 62. 
 
 Fairfield, town of Connecticut, VII. 62. 
 Fairfield , county seats, VII. 473,1 a; IX. 588, 
 1 b; XV. 154, 2 a; XVI. 520, 1 ab. 
 
 Faire Pipaille [fair re-pay’], proverb, I. 373, 
 
 1 be. 
 
 Fair'ies, VII. 63. Of the Hindoos, 1 b; Per¬ 
 sians, ib. ; Arabs, 1 be; Jews, 1 c; Greeks, 
 
 2 a; Romans, 2 b; Italians, ib. ; southern 
 French, 64, 1 a; northern French, 1 ab; 
 Normans, 1 b; Scandinavians, 1 c; Ger¬ 
 mans, 2 b; Irish and Scotch, 2 c; English, 
 65, 1 ab ; Indians, 1 c; Japanese, ib. 
 
 Fair’mont , county seat, XI. 168, 1 be. 
 Fairmount , county seat, XI. 208, 1 a. 
 Fairmount water works , XVI. 511, 2 a. 
 
 Fair Oaks, Battle of: see Chickaiiominy, IV. 
 411, 2 be. 
 
 Fair Play , county seat, XIII. 108, 1 c. 
 Fairview , county seat, VIII. 434, 1 b. 
 
 Fairy nip, mark, VII. 65, 1 a. 
 
 Fairy rings , how produced, VII. 531, 2 c; 
 XII. 72, 1 b. 
 
 Fairy sparks, so styled, VII. 65, 1 a. 
 Faithorne, William, English engraver, VII. 
 
 65. William, his son, 2 c. 
 
 Faivre, Pierre: see Lefevre. 
 
 Fakhr ed-Din [fakr’ ed-deen'], Druse emir, VI. 
 275, 1 a. 
 
 Fa'kir [Ar. fa-keer'], East Indian religious men¬ 
 dicant, VII. 65. Doing penance, 2 a (ill.). 
 Falaise [fa-laiz], town of France, VII. 66. 
 
 Castle of, 2 ab (ill.). Fair of Guibray, 2 c. 
 Falasiias [fa-la'-shas], Jews of Abyssinia, VII. 
 
 66. 
 
 Falcatus ensis, ancient weapon, XIV. 725, 2 a. 
 Falco (ornithology), VII. 67. F. peregrinus, 
 2 a (ill.). F. anatum, 2 c. F. lanarius, 69, 
 1 a (ill.). F. gyrfalco, 1 b (ill.). F. litho- 
 falco, XIII. 508,1 b. F. temerarius, ib. 
 Falcon [faw'-kun], bird, VII. 67 (ills.). Pere¬ 
 
 grine falcon, 2 a (ill.). Lanner, 69,1 a (ill.). 
 Gerfalcon, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Falcon, small cannon, I. 785, 2, c. 
 
 Falcon of Lombardy, castle, III. 251, 1 c. 
 Falcone, Aniello [fal-ko'-n5], Italian painter, 
 VII. 70. 
 
 Falconer, Hugh [faw'-kun-er or fawk'-ner], 
 British palaeontologist, VII. 70. 
 
 Falconer, William, British poet, VII. 70. 
 Falconer, grand, of England, VII. 71, 1 b. 
 Falconet, Ltienne Maurice [fal-kuh-na], French 
 sculptor, VII. 70. 
 
 Falconry [faw'-kun-re], VII. 70. 
 
 Falculia (ornithology), referred to, VIII. 808, 
 
 1 b. 
 
 Falerii [fa-le'-re-I], ancient city, VII. 71. 
 Falernian wine, VII. 71, 2 a; XVI. 665, 1 a. 
 Falernus Ager, ancient district of Italy, VII. 
 
 71. 
 
 Falesia: see Falaise. 
 
 Falieri, Marino [fa-le-a'-re], doge of Venice, 
 
 VII. 71. His conspiracy, 2 be. 
 
 Falisca: see Falerii. 
 
 Falisci, ancient Italic people, VII. 71, 1 c. 
 Falk, Johann Daniel [falk], German philan¬ 
 thropist and author, VII. 72. 
 
 Falkenstein, castle of [fal'-ken-stine], VIII. 493, 
 
 2 c. 
 
 Falkirk [fawl'-kurk], burgh of Scotland, VII. 
 
 72. Battles of, 1 c; XVI. 432, 1 b. 
 Falkisches Institut [fal'-ke-shess in-ste-toot']: 
 
 see Falk. 
 
 Falkland [fawk'-land], burgh of Scotland, VII. 
 72. Palace, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Falkland, Lucius Cary, viscount, English 
 politician and man of letters, VII. 72. 
 Falkland Islands, S. Atlantic, VII. 73. 
 Falkner, Thomas [fawk'-ner], English mis¬ 
 sionary, VII. 74. 
 
 Fallacies, logical, X. 579, 2 b. 
 
 Fallbeil [fal'-bile], instrument of decapitation, 
 
 VIII. 311, 1 a. 
 
 Fall Indians (Arapahoes), I. 632, 2 c. 
 
 Falling bodies, laws of, XI. 319, 1 c. 
 
 Falling Stars : see Meteors. 
 
 Fallmerayer, Philipp Jakob [fal'-meh-rl-er], 
 German historian and traveller, VII. 74. 
 Fallopian tubes, in anatomy, VII. 74, 2 b; XII. 
 568, 2 c. 
 
 Fallopius: see Falloppio. 
 
 Falloppio, Gabriello, Italian anatomist, VII. 74. 
 Falloux, Frederic Alfred Pierre, viscount de, 
 [-loo], French author and statesman, VII. 74. 
 Fallow Deer, VII. 75 (ill.). Hunting, 2 b. 
 
FALL RIVER 
 
 FARNESE 
 
 307 
 
 Fall River, city of Massachusetts, VII. 75. 
 
 River, 76, 1 b. 
 
 Falls, county, VII. 76. 
 
 Falls City , county seat, XIV. 315, 2 c. 
 Falmouth [fal'-muth], seaport of England, VII. 
 
 76. Royal Cornwall polytechnic society, 
 
 77, 1 a. 
 
 Falmouth , county seats, XI. 636, 1 b; XIII, 
 246, 1 c. 
 
 False Imprisonment, VII. 77. Remedies, 1 c. 
 False membrane , in diphtheritic bronchitis, III. 
 312, 2^a; in croup, V. 517, 2 c; in diph¬ 
 theria, VI. 126, 2 a. 
 
 Falsen, Knutsen Magnus [fal'-zen], Norwegian 
 historian, VII. 77. 
 
 False Pretences, in law, VII. 77. 
 
 False tokens, VII. 77, 2 c. 
 
 Falster [fal'-ster], island of Denmark, VII. 78. 
 Falun : see Fahlun. 
 
 Falx: see Scythe. 
 
 Falx cerebri , in anatomy, III. 188, 1 ab. F. 
 cerebelli, 1 be. 
 
 Famagos'ta, seaport of Cyprus, VII. 78. 
 Famagusta [fa-ma-goos'-ta]: see Famagosta, 
 
 “ Familiar spirit, haring a ,” XVI. 301, 1 b. 
 Family, in botany, XIII. 592, 2 c. 
 
 Family of love, fanatical sect in England, I. 
 172, 2 c. 
 
 Famine fever, VII. 169, 1 b. 
 
 Fan, VII. 78. 
 
 Fanar'iotes, Greeks of Constantinople, VII. 79. 
 Fan blower, eccentric, II. 746, 1 be; concen¬ 
 tric, 2 a. 
 
 Fancy gourd, variety of squash, XV. 293, 1 be. 
 Fandango, Spanish national dance, VII. 79. 
 Faneuil, Peter [pronounced fun'-el], merchant 
 of Boston, VII. 79. 
 
 Faneuil hall, VII. 79, 2 c; III. 118, 2 ab. 
 Fanfani, Pietro [fan-fa'-ne], Italian philologist 
 and novelist, VII. 80. 
 
 Fanniere, Francois Auguste and Francois 
 Joseph [fa-nyair], French engravers and car¬ 
 vers, VII. 80. 
 
 Fannin, two counties, VII. 80 . 
 
 Fannin, James W., American soldier, VII. 80. 
 Fanning, David, tory and freebooter, VII. 80. 
 Fano [fa'-no], seaport of Italy, VII. 81. 
 Fan'siiawe, Sir Richard, English poet and 
 diplomatist, VII. 81. 
 
 Fantail, pigeon, XIII. 504, 2 c, 
 
 Fantee', country of Africa, VII. 81. Fantee 
 woman (ill.). See Ashantee. 
 
 Fan'ti, Manfredo, Italian general, VII. 82. 
 Fanum Fortunes, ancient town, VII. 81, 1 c. 
 
 Fanum Sancti Viti ad Flumen, city: see Fiume. 
 
 Fanum Yoltumnce , ancient town, XVI. 394, 1 b. 
 
 Far'aday, Michael, English chemist and natu¬ 
 ral philosopher, VII. 82. His ideas of re¬ 
 ligion, 83,1 b. Experiments in electro-mag¬ 
 netism, 2 a; on vibrating surfaces, 2 c; on 
 frictional electricity, 84, 2 a. Discovery in 
 polarization, X. 450, 2 b. On the law of 
 combining proportions in the electric rela¬ 
 tions of matter, II. 86, 2 b. On the relations 
 of electricity to chemistry, IV. 367, 2 c. 
 Method of liquefying gases, VIII. 578, 1 a 
 (ill., 577). “ Faraday’s glass,” VIII. 21, 1 b. 
 See Benzine, IL 544, 1 a. Discovery in 
 electricity: see Faradization. Discovery of 
 induction of galvanic currents by magnetism., 
 VII. 586, 1 c; of the law of definite electro¬ 
 chemical decomposition, ib. ; of the polariza¬ 
 tion of the electric medium, VI. 503, 1 a. 
 Experiments in electro-magnetism, VI. 515, 
 1 be; in magneto-electricity, XI. 12, 1 a. 
 
 Faradization, in electricity, VII. 85 ; XI. 335, 
 1 a. Use of in spinal diseases, referred to, 
 XV. 271, 1 c. 
 
 Farallones [fa-ra-lyo'-nace], islands, III. 600,2 c. 
 
 Farcy, disease of horses, VII. 836, 2 b. 
 
 Fareham, town of England, VII. 85. 
 
 Farel, Guillaume [fa-rel], French reformer, 
 VII. 86; III. 633, 1 a. 
 
 Farel, 'William: see Farel, Guillaume. 
 
 Faria y Sousa, Manoel de [fa-re'-a e so^-za], 
 Portuguese historian and poet, VII. 86. 
 
 Faribault [fa-re-bo'], county, VII. 86. 
 
 Faribault, town of Minnesota, VII. 86. 
 
 Farina, Giovanni Maria [fa-re'-na], manufac¬ 
 turer of Cologne water, VI. 382, 2 a. 
 
 Farinelli, Carlo, Italian singer, VII. 86. 
 
 Fario (ichthyology), XVI. 8, 1 be. F. argen- 
 teus, 1 c. 
 
 Farmer, Hugh, English theologian, VII. 87. 
 
 Farmer, John, American genealogist, VII. 87. 
 
 Farmers General, French financial officers, 
 VII. 87. 
 
 Farmer's thermo-electric battery , II. 667, 1 be. 
 
 Farmer's Valley, county seat, VIII. 413, 2 c. 
 
 Farmersville, county seat, XVI. 112, 1 a. 
 
 Farmington, county seats, V. 710, 2 a; VII. 
 432, 2 a; XIV. 531, 1 a. 
 
 Farmington river, Connecticut, V. 251, 2 a. 
 
 Farmville, county seat, XIII. 839, 1 a, 
 
 Farne Islands, North sea, VII. 87. 
 
 Farnese [far-na'-za], family of Italian princes, 
 VII. 87. Pietro, 2 b. Alessandro (Pope 
 Paul III.), ib. ; XIII. 171, 1 b. Pietro Luigi, 
 
308 
 
 FARNESE 
 
 FAUSTINA 
 
 VII. 87, 2 b. Ottavio, 2 be. Alessandro, 
 governor of the Low Countries, 2 c. Ranu- 
 zio I., 88, 1 b. Odoardo, ib. Ranuzio II., 
 
 1 be. Francesco, ib. Antonio, ib. 
 
 Farnese , Elizabeth, queen of Spain, XIII. 414,1 b. 
 
 Farnese bull , marble group, VI. 131, 1 a. 
 
 Farnese gardens, Rome, VII. 88, 2 b. 
 
 Farnese Hercules, statue, referred to, VII. 88, 
 
 2 a. 
 
 Farnese palace, Rome, VII. 88,1 c; XIV. 415, 
 1 a (ill., 414). 
 
 Farnesina [far-na-ze'-na], villa, VII. 88, 2 a. 
 
 Fabnham, Eliza W., American philanthropist 
 and author, VII. 88. 
 
 Farnham, Thomas Jefferson, American travel¬ 
 ler and author, VII. 89. 
 
 Faro, game of cards, VII. 89. 
 
 Faro [fa'-roo], city of Portugal, VII. 89. 
 
 Farociion, Jean Baptiste Eugene [fa-rhh-sh6 ng ], 
 French medallist and sculptor, VII. 90. 
 
 Fa'roe Isles, Danish group, VII. 90. 
 
 Faro Isles: see Faroe. 
 
 Farquhar, George [far'-kwar], British comic 
 dramatist, VII. 90. 
 
 Farr, Dr. William , English statistician, his 
 plan of life insurance, X. 429, 1 b; 431, 2 c. 
 
 Far'ragut, David Glascoe, American admiral, 
 VII. 90. Reduction of the defences of Mo¬ 
 bile bay, I. 233, 2 b. 
 
 Farrar, John, American mathematician, VII. 
 92. Eliza Rotch, authoress, 92, 1 b. 
 
 Farren, Eliza, countess of Derby, English ac¬ 
 tress, VII. 92. 
 
 Fars, province of Persia, VII. 92. 
 
 Farsistan': see Fars. 
 
 Farthing , coin, XIII. 271, 1 c. * 
 
 Farthingale, article of dress, VII. 92. 
 
 Farwell, county seat, IV. 631, 1 be. 
 
 Fasces [fas'-seez], (bundle of rods with an axe), 
 Roman symbol of office, referred to, V. 281, 
 1 b; XI. 413, 1 b. 
 
 Fascia , in the Doric order, I. 656, 2 c. 
 
 Fasciae [fas'-se-e], of muscles, XII. 67, 1 b. 
 
 Fasciae, Roman leg bandages, XV. 390, 2 c. 
 
 Fast, religious observance, VII. 92. By Mo¬ 
 hammedans, 1 c; by ancient and modern 
 Hebrews, 93, 1 a; by the Greek and Latin 
 churches, ib. (distinction between fasting 
 and abstinence, lb); by Protestant churches 
 in England and the United States, ib. ; by 
 the New England Puritans, 1 c. 
 
 Fast castle (Wolf’s Crag), referred to, II. 588, 
 1 a. 
 
 Fastens: see Lent, X. 344, 2 b. 
 
 Fasti, Roman calendars, VII. 93. F. calen* 
 dares or sacri, 2 a. F. Maffeani and Ver- 
 riani, 2 c. F. Capitolini, 94, 1 a. 
 
 Fasting, as distinguished from abstinence in 
 the Greek and Latin churches, VII. 93,1 ab, b. 
 
 Fastingtide, X. 344, 2 b. 
 
 Fastmass, X. 344, 2 b. 
 
 Fat : see Adipose Substances, Aliment, and 
 Corpulence. 
 
 Fataghur [fat-a-gur'J: see Futtehghur. 
 
 Fata Morgana [fa'-ta mor-ga'-na], mirage, VII. 
 94. Fairy, 1 ab ; 63, 2 c. 
 
 Fata Silvanella, fairy, VII. 63, 2 c. 
 
 Fate [fa'-ta], fairies, VII. 63, 2 be. 
 
 Fates : see Parole. 
 
 Fat-hen, species of pigweed, XIII. 509, 1 a. 
 
 Father long-legs, species of spider, XV. 266,1 c. 
 
 Fathers of the Pious Schools : see Piarists. 
 
 Fatigue of metals, IX. 375, 2 c; X V. 419, 1 c. 
 
 Fatima [fa'-te-ma], "daughter of Mohammed, 
 XI. 695, 1 ab; VII. 94, 1 c. 
 
 Fa'timites, Arab dynasty, VII. 94; II. 24,1 b; 
 III. 617, 2 ab. 
 
 Fats : see Oils and Fats. 
 
 Fat'sia papyrif'era (botany),XIV. 311,1 b (ill.). 
 
 Fatty balsam of sulphur, X. 513, 1 be. 
 
 Fatty degeneration, of the heart, VIII. 565, 1 b. 
 
 Fauces, isthmus of the (anatomy), XII. 817,1 c. 
 Pillars of the, XV. 794, 2 c; XVI. 239, 1 b. 
 
 Fauche, Ilippolyte [foashj, French orientalist, 
 VII. 94. J 
 
 Faucher, Leon [fo-sha], French political econ¬ 
 omist, VII. 94. 
 
 Faulk, county, VII. 95. 
 
 Fault, in coal beds, V. 68, 2 c. In strata, I. 591, 
 2 b; XII. 9, 1 c. 
 
 Fauns, in Roman mythology, VII. 95. 
 
 Faunt'leroy, Henry, English forger, VII. 95. 
 
 Faunus, mythical king of Latium, VII. 95, 1 a. 
 Identified with Pan, XIII. 31, 2 b. 
 
 Fauquier [faw'-keer], county, VII. 95. 
 
 Faure, Jean Baptiste [fore], French vocalist, 
 VII. 95. Constance Caroline Lefebvre, 2 b. 
 
 Fauriel, Claude Charles [fo-re-el], French his¬ 
 torian and critic, VII. 95. 
 
 Faust, Dr. Johann [fowst], of German legend 
 and poetry, VII. 96. 
 
 Faust, Johann, printer, VII. 96. See Guten¬ 
 berg, VIII. 341,1 c ; Printing, XIII. 846,1 c. 
 
 Faus'tin I. [Fr. foce-ta ng ] : see Soulouque. 
 
 Faustina, Annia Galeria (F. Senior), wife of 
 Antoninus Pius, VII. 97; I. 575, 2 be. Annia 
 (F. Junior), wife of Marcus Aurelius, VII. 
 97, 1 c; I. 574, 2 a and c; 575, 2 be. 
 
FAUSTINOPOLIS 
 
 FEEJEE 
 
 309 
 
 Faustinop'olis , ancient city, VII. 97, 2 a. 
 
 Faustus : see Faust, Dr. Johann. 
 
 Fauyeau, F61icie de [fo-vo], French sculptress, 
 
 VII. 97. 
 
 Fauvelet, Jean Baptiste [fove-la], French 
 painter, VII. 97. 
 
 Faux [fo], Swiss acre, I. 72, 2 c. 
 
 Favara [fa-va'-ra], town of Sicily, VII. 97. 
 
 Fayart, Marie Justine Benoite [fa-var], French 
 actress, VII. 97. Charles Simon, dramatist, 
 2 c. Charles Nicolas Joseph Justin, actor 
 and playwright, 98, 1 a. 
 
 Fayart, Pierrette Ignace (Marie Favart), ac¬ 
 tress, VII. 98. 
 
 Faventia , ancient towns: see Faenza, and Bar¬ 
 celona, II. 304, 1 c. 
 
 Fav'ersham, town of England, VII. 98. 
 
 Favignana [fa-ve-nya'-na], island of Italy, 
 VII. 98. 
 
 Fay'osites, fossil corals, VII. 98 (ill.). 
 
 Favras, Thomas Mahi, marquis de [fa-vras], 
 French conspirator, VII. 98. 
 
 Fayre, Jules Claude Gabriel [favr’], French 
 statesman and advocate, VII. 98; III. 53, 
 1 ah, c; 54, 2 be. 
 
 Fame , Frangois Xavier, painter, I. 249, 1 b. 
 
 Fame , Pierre : see Lefeyre. 
 
 Favus , disease of the scalp, VI. 689, 1 b. 
 
 Fawcett, Henry, English political writer and 
 statesman, VII. 99; XIII. 674, 1 b. Milli- 
 cent Garrett, authoress, VII. 99, 2 b. 
 
 Fawkes, Guy, English conspirator, VII. 99. 
 
 Fawn , III. 385, 1 c; VII. 75, 1 c. 
 
 Faxardo, Diego Saavedra y [sa-a-va'-^ra e 
 fa- k har-^o], author and statesman, VII. 100. 
 
 Fay, Andras [fa'-e], Hungarian poet, VII. 100. 
 
 Fay, Theodore Sedgwick, American author, 
 VII. 100. 
 
 Fayal [fl-al'], island of the Azores, VII. 100. 
 
 Fayence: see Faience (Index). 
 
 Fayette', name of eleven counties, VII. 100. 
 
 Fayette , county seat, IX. 18, 1 b. 
 
 FAY'ETTEYiLLE,city of North Carolina, VII. 102. 
 
 Fayetteville , county seat, VII. 101, 1 be, c 
 (two); X. 487, 2 c; XVI. 474, 2 c; 661,1 b. 
 
 Fayoom, or Fayum [fi-oom'], valley of Egypt, 
 VII. 102; VI. 455, 1 ab. 
 
 Fazy, Jean James [fa-ze], Swiss politician, VII. 
 103. 
 
 Fe'alty , oath of: see Feudal System, VII. 
 161, 2 a. 
 
 Fearne [fern]: see Farne. 
 
 Feather alum , XV. 453, 2 b. 
 
 Feather Grass, VII. 103 (ill.). 
 
 Featiier Eiver, California, VII. 103. 
 Feathers, VII. 103. Parts of a feather, 1 be 
 (ill., 104). Development of feathers, 104, 
 2 c, ff. (ills., 104—’5). Nomenclature of, 105, 
 2 be. Powers of flight, 106,1 a. Oil glands, 
 1 ab. Plumage of birds, 1 b. Value of 
 feathers, 2 c. See V. 184, 1 c. 
 
 Feather star , star fish, XV. 320, 2 c. 
 Febric'ula: see Fevers, VII. 164, 2 ab. 
 Febronianism , system of church government, 
 
 VIII. 801, 2 c. 
 
 Febronius , Justinus , pseudonyme, VIII. 801,2 be. 
 Februa , Boman festival, VII. 107, 1 a; X. 723, 
 1 b. 
 
 February, calendar month, VII. 107. 
 
 Februus , in Roman mythology, X. 723, 1 b. 
 Fecamp [fa-ka ng ], seaport of France, VII. 107. 
 Fechner, Gustav Theodor [fe c h'-ner], German 
 naturalist, VII. 107. 
 
 Fechter, Charles Albert [fesh'-ter; Fr. fesh- 
 tair], Anglo-French actor, VII. 107. 
 Feciales: see Fetiales. 
 
 Fec’ula: see Starch. 
 
 Fecundity , of animals, I. 511, 2 b; of insects, 
 
 IX. 313, 1 be. 
 
 Fedchenko, Alexei, Russian naturalist, VII.107. 
 Fedelini [fa-da-le'-ne], kind of macaroni, X. 
 767, 2 a. 
 
 Federal council , of the German empire, VII. 
 
 750, l b; of Switzerland, XV. 528, 1 ab. 
 
 “ Federalist , The” series of political essays, 
 VIII. 417, 2 c; X. 824, 1 b. 
 
 Federalists, American political party, VII. 
 108; IX. 592, 2 c. Origin of the charge of 
 treasonable designs against the Union, 1.100, 
 1 c; repeated by J. Q. Adams, 104, 1 a. 
 Disruption and overthrow of the federal 
 party, I. 91, 1 c; VIII. 490, 2 a. 
 
 Federation , feast of the, in Paris, XV. 557,1 be. 
 Referred to, IV. 247, 2 b (fete de la federa¬ 
 tion). 
 
 Fedia olitoria (botany), XVI. 245, 2 c. 
 
 Fedor : see Feodor. 
 
 Fees [fa]: see Fairies, VII. 64, 1 a. 
 
 Fee, law term, VII. 108. Fee simple, 1 c, 109, 
 
 1 a; VI. 737, 2 a; fee simple absolute, 2 c. 
 Qualified fee, VII. 108, 2 c. Determinable 
 fee, ib ., and VI. 737, 2 b. Conditional fee, 
 VII. 108, 2 c. Fee tail, 109, 1 a; VI. 737, 
 
 2 a, ab. 
 
 Fee bills , X. 238, 1 a. 
 
 Feejee Islands, VII. 109. Constituent parts 
 of the group, 1 c. Climate, 110, 1 b. Bo¬ 
 tanical productions, ib. Fauna, 2 a. Na- 
 
310 
 
 FEELING 
 
 FENIANS 
 
 tives, 2 be (ill., 111). Social customs and 
 laws, 111, 1 a, ff. Religions, 112, 1 c. Fee- 
 jeean language, 113, 1 a. Origin of the 
 Feejee group, 1 be. Discovery of, and subse¬ 
 quent history, 2 a. 
 
 Feeling lever, referred to, VIIJ. 138, 1 b. 
 Fehmarn, or Fehmern : see Femern. 
 Fehmgeriohte [faim'-geh-ri c h-teh]: see Veh- 
 mio Courts. 
 
 Feilding [feel'-ding], English surname, VII. 
 
 179, 2 a; VIII. 450, 1 a. 
 
 Feith, Rhijnvis [fite], Dutch poet, VII. 113. 
 Felaniche [fa-la-ne'-cha]: see Felanitx. 
 Felanitx [-neech'J, town of Majorca, VII. 114. 
 Feldkircii [felt'-keer c h], town of Austria, VII. 
 114. 
 
 Feld'spar, in mineralogy, VII. 114. Soil de¬ 
 rived from, 115, 1 b. Its fertilizing quality, 
 VIII. 24, 2 c. 
 
 Felegyhaza, or Felegyhaza [fa/- or feh'-ledj- 
 ha-zaw], town of Hungary, VII. 115. 
 
 Felice, Fortunato Bartolommeo [fa-le'-cha], 
 Italian author, VII. 115. 
 
 Fe'lidce (zoology), structure of, IV. 10, 2 b. 
 Felis (zoology), IV. 91, 1 be. F. catus, 92, 2 b 
 (ill.). F. concolor, V. 422,1 c (ill.). F. eyra, 
 XV. 750, 2 b. F. ferox, V. 80, 2 c (ill., 81). 
 F. jubata, X. 354, 2 b (ill.). F. leo, 514, 2 c. 
 F. leopardus, 354, 1 c. F. lynx, 754, 2 a. F. 
 macrocelis, III. 104, 2 ab ; XV. 750, 2 c (ill.). 
 F. macroura, XII. 574, 1 a. F. maniculata, 
 IV. 91, 2 c (ill., 92). F. mitis, 337, 2 c (ill.). 
 F. onca, IX. 506, 2 a (ill.). F. pardalis, XII. 
 573, 2 a (ill.). F. pardus, XIII. 39, 1 c. F. 
 serval, XIV. 779, 2 b. F. tigrina, XII. 574, 
 
 1 a (ill., 573). F. tigris, XV. 750, 1 a (ill.). 
 F. uncia, XII. 741, 2 c (ill.). F. yaguarundi, 
 XV. 750, 2 b. 
 
 Felix , bishop of Urgel, I. 130, 1 a. 
 
 Felix, saint (Felix of Valois), VII. 115. 
 
 Felix, Celestin Joseph [fa-leece], French preach¬ 
 er, VII. 115. 
 
 Felix, Minucius, Christian rhetorician, X. 198, 
 
 2 be. 
 
 Felix Meritis , scientific and artistic association 
 in Amsterdam, I. 444, 2 c. 
 
 Fell, snowless mountain, IX. 150, 1 a. 
 
 Fellahs, peasantry of Egypt, &c., VII. 116 (ill.). 
 Fellani: see Foolahs. 
 
 Fellatahs : see Foolaiis. 
 
 Fellenberg, Philipp Emanuel von, Swiss edu¬ 
 cator and philanthropist, VII. 116. 
 
 Feller, Frangois Xavier de [fel-lair], Belgian 
 author, VII. 117. 
 
 Fellow commoners, at Cambridge university, 
 III. 644, 2 b. 
 
 Fellowes, Robert, English author, VII. 117. 
 Fellows, of the English universities, V. 58,1 b. 
 
 At Oxford, XII. 764, 1 a. 
 
 Fellows, Sir Charles, English traveller and 
 archaeologist, VII. 117. 
 
 Fellowships , university, XII. 764, 2 b. 
 
 Felltham, Owen : see Feltham. 
 
 Felly, of a wheel, XVI. 591, 2 b. 
 
 Felo de Se, in law, VII. 117. 
 
 Felon, abscess: see Whitlow. 
 
 Felony, in law, VII. 118. Against one’s self, 
 117, 2 b. 
 
 Felsenmeer [fel'-zen-mair], sea of rocks, IX. 
 426, 1 b (Iserlohn). 
 
 Fel'sina, ancient town, III. 19, 1 c (Bologna). 
 Felsing, Jakob, German engraver, VII. 118. 
 Felsite, mineral, VII. 115, 1 a. 
 
 Felt, fabric, VII. 118. 
 
 Fel'tham, Owen, English author, VII. 119. 
 Felton, executed for posting the pope’s excom¬ 
 munication of Queen Elizabeth, VI. 533, 1 b. 
 Felton, Cornelius Conway, American scholar 
 and writer, VII. 119. 
 
 Felton, John , assassin, III. 386, 1 c. 
 
 Feltre [fel'-tra], town of Italy, VII. 119. 
 Feltre, Duke of: see Clarke, IV. 639, 2 c. 
 Female Messiah, sought by Enfantin, VI. ’595, 
 2 c. 
 
 Female principle, in mythology, VIII. 702,1 b. 
 Femern [fa'-mern], island of Prussia, VII. 120. 
 Feminis, first manufacturer of Cologne water, 
 
 VI. 382, 1 c. 
 
 Fem So, lake of Norway, VII. 467, 1 c. 
 Fencing, with sword or foil, VII. 120. 
 Fenelon, Bertrand de Salignac [fa-nuh-lo ng ], 
 marquis de la Mothe, French diplomatist, 
 
 VII. 122. 
 
 Fenelon, Frangois de Salignac de la Mothe, 
 or Lamotte, French prelate, VII. 122. Fran- 
 gois de Salignac de la Mothe, missionary, 
 124, 1 be. 
 
 Fenelon, Gabriel Jacques de Salignac, mar¬ 
 quis de la Mothe, soldier and diplomatist, 
 VII. 124. 
 
 Fenian brotherhood: see Fenians, VII. 124, 
 2 b; 130, 1 b. 
 
 Fenians, Irish political association, VII. 124. 
 Its growth in the United States, 125,1 b. At¬ 
 tempt at revolution in Ireland, 2 c; its fail¬ 
 ure, 126,1 a-c. Third Fenian congress in the 
 United States, 126, 1 c; party dissensions, 
 2 a-bc ; 127,1 a-bc. Disaffection in Ireland, 
 
FENNEC 
 
 FERMENTATION 
 
 311 
 
 126, 2 c. Attempted invasion of the Brit¬ 
 ish provinces, 127, 1 a-c. Rising in Ireland, 
 128, 1 c; its failure, 2 ab. Abortive expe¬ 
 dition to Ireland from New York, 2 c. Re¬ 
 newed Fenian dissensions, 129, 1 a. Fenian 
 trials and executions in England, 1 be, 2 b-c; 
 popular agitation, 1 c-2 be. Attempts to 
 harmonize the party, 130, 1 a-bc. Raid 
 upon Canada, 2 a. 
 
 Fen'neo, canine animal, VII. 130 (ill., 131). 
 
 Fennel, plant, VII. 131 (ill.). Azorean, 2 a. 
 
 Fenni, ancient people, VII. 206, 1 b. 
 
 Fenris , in Norse mythology, XII. 120, 1 a. 
 
 Fenton, Edward, English navigator, VII. 131. 
 Sir Geoffrey, author and statesman, 2 c. 
 Elijah, poet, 132, 1 a. 
 
 Fentress, county, VII. 132. 
 
 Fenwick, George, governor of Saybrook, and 
 one of the judges of Charles I., VII. 132. 
 
 Feodor [fSh'-o-dor], three emperors of Russia, 
 VII. 132. 
 
 Feodosia : see Kaffa. 
 
 Feodosia , strait of, III. 113, 1 c. 
 
 Feoffment , charter of [feff-ment], X. 544, 1 b. 
 
 Feodum [fu'-dum]: see Fee, VII. 108, 1 be, 
 and Feudal System, 160, 1 b. 
 
 Fera, fish, referred to, VII. 220, 1 b. 
 
 Fera'lia , Roman festival, XI. 101, 2 c. 
 
 Ferdinand, name of several European sove¬ 
 reigns, VII. 132. 
 
 I. GERMANY. 
 
 Ferdinand I., emperor of Germany, VII. 132. 
 
 Ferdinand II., emperor of Germany and king 
 of Hungary and Bohemia, VII. 133. 
 
 Ferdinand III., emperor of Germany and king 
 of Hungary and Bohemia, VII. 133. 
 
 Ferdinand I., emperor of Austria and king of 
 Hungary and Bohemia, VII. 133. 
 
 II. NAPLES. 
 
 Ferdinand I., king of Naples, natural son of 
 Alfonso the Magnanimous, VII. 133. Le¬ 
 gitimated by a papal bull, I. 297, 1 b. 
 
 Ferdinand II., king of Naples, VII. 134. 
 
 Ferdinand III.: see Ferdinand V. of Spain. 
 
 Ferdinand IV., king of Naples (Ferdinand I., 
 king of the Two Sicilies), VII. 134. 
 
 Ferdinand II., king of the Two Sicilies (King 
 Bomba), VII. 134. 
 
 III. SPAIN. 
 
 Ferdinand I., the Great, king of Castile, Leon, 
 and Galicia, VII. 135. 
 
 Ferdinand II., king of Leon, Asturias, and 
 Galicia, VII. 135. 
 
 Ferdinand III., saint, king of Castile and Leon, 
 VII. 135. 
 
 Ferdinand IV., king of Castile and Leon, VII. 
 
 135. 
 
 Ferdinand V. of Castile, II. of Aragon, III. of 
 Naples, and II. of Sicily (the Catholic), VII. 
 
 136. See Isabella. 
 
 Ferdinand VI., king of Spain, VII. 137. 
 Ferdinand VII., king of Spain, VII. 137. 
 
 IV. TUSCANY. 
 
 Ferdinand III., grand duke of Tuscany and 
 archduke of Austria, VII. 138. 
 
 Ferdinand IV., grand duke of Tuscany and 
 archduke of Austria, VII. 139. 
 
 Ferdinand (Augustus Francis Anthony), titu¬ 
 lar king of Portugal, VII. 139. 
 
 Ferdinandea , VIII. 144,1 b (Graham Island). 
 
 Ferdousi , Ferdusi : see Firdusi. 
 
 Ferentino [fa-ren-te'-no], town of Italy, VII. 
 
 139. 
 
 Ferenti ' num : see Ferentino. 
 
 Ferguson, Adam, Scottish philosopher and 
 historian, VII. 139. 
 
 Ferguson, James, Scottish philosopher and as¬ 
 tronomer, VII. 139. 
 
 Ferguson, Robert, English physician, VII. 140. 
 
 Fergusson, James, English writer on architec¬ 
 ture, VII. 140. 
 
 Fergusson, Sir William, Scottish surgeon, VII. 
 
 140. (Died 1877.) 
 
 Ferha , supreme original being, IV. 546, 1 c. 
 
 Fe'rice denica'les , sacrifices, XI. 101, 2 c. 
 
 Ferice Lati'noz , festival, X. 202, 2 be. 
 
 Ferishtah, Mohammed Kasim [fer'-ish-ta], 
 Persian historian, VII. 140. 
 
 Ferland, Jean Baptiste Antoine [fair-la ng ], 
 Canadian historian, VII. 141. 
 
 Ferman : see Firman. 
 
 Fermanagh [fer-man'-a], county of Ireland, 
 VII. 141. 
 
 Fermat, Pierre de [fair-ma], French mathemati¬ 
 cian, VII. 141. See Geometry, VII. 701, 2 ab. 
 
 Fer ' ment : see Fermentation, VII. 141, 1 c. 
 
 Fermentation, VII. 141. Saccharine fermen¬ 
 tation, 2 b; alcoholic or vinous, 142, 1 a 
 (ills., 143) ; acetic, 143, 2 a; lactic, 2 b ; 
 butyric, 144, 1 a; viscous or mucous, id .; 
 putrefactive, 1 b. Pasteur’s theory of fer¬ 
 mentation, 2 b, and XIII. 153, 2 b; Fremy’s, 
 VII. 145, 1 a; Liebig’s, X. 415, 2 be. Hah 
 
312 
 
 FERMENTING 
 
 FETIALES 
 
 lier’s experiments, YII. 145, 2 a (ills.). Beale’s 
 investigations on the yeast plant, 146, 1 b 
 (ills., 143); Bechamp’s on chalk, 2 a. Re¬ 
 tardation or arrest of fermentation, 2 c. 
 Causes of, 147, 1 b. 
 
 Fermenting tun , of a brewery, III. 260, 2 b. 
 Fermo [fair'-mo], town of Italy, YII. 147. 
 Fer'moy, town of Ireland, YII. 147. 
 
 Fern, Fanny , pseudonyme, XIII. 141, 2 b. 
 Fern, Male: see Male Fern. 
 
 Fern, sweet, II. 407, 1 c. 
 
 Fernan Caballero [fair-nan' ka-ba-lya'-ro], nom 
 de plume, II. 790, 1 b. 
 
 Fernandez de Taos , county seat, XY. 568, 1 b. 
 Fernandina [fer-nan-de'-na], town of Florida, 
 YII. 148. 
 
 Fernando de Noronha [fair-nan'-do da no-ro'- 
 nya], Brazilian islands, YII. 148. 
 
 Fernando Po, island of Africa, YII. 148. 
 
 Clarence peak, 2 ab (ill.). 
 
 Ferney, or Fernex [fair-na], town of France, 
 residence of Yoltaire, YII. 149. 
 
 Fernig, Felicite and Th6ophile de [fair-ne], 
 French heroines, YII. 149. 
 
 Fern Islands : see Farne. 
 
 Fernkorn, Anton Dominik [fairn'-korn], Ger¬ 
 man sculptor and bronze founder, YII. 149. 
 Ferns, YII. 149. Rock fern, 150, 1 c (ill.). 
 Hart’s tongue, 2 a (ill.). Maiden-hair, ib. 
 (ill.). Brake, ib. (ill.). Adder’s tongue, 2 b 
 (ill., 151). Mode of fecundation, 151, 1 a. 
 Number and distribution, 1 b. Tree ferns, 
 1 c (ill.). Classification, ib. Uses, ib. Cul¬ 
 tivation, 2 a.—Flowering ferns: see Osmun- 
 da. See Male Fern, and Ostrich Fern. 
 Feron, Firmin Eloi [fa-ro ng ], painter, YII. 152. 
 Feroze canal [fa-ro'-zeh], IX. 713, 1 a; XY. 
 69, 1 ab. 
 
 Ferozepoor', town of India, YII. 152. 
 
 Feroze Togluk [to-glook'], emperor of India, IX. 
 
 208, 1 a; XY. 69, 1 ab, b (Feroze Shah). 
 Ferrand, Antoine Francois Claude, count [fair- 
 ra ng ], politician and historian, YII. 152. 
 Ferrara [fair-ra'-ra], province of Italy, YII. 
 
 152. Capital city, 1 c. University, 153,1 c. 
 Castle, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Ferrari (Bartolommeo, 1497-1544), a founder 
 of the Barnabites, II. 318, 2 c. 
 
 Ferrari, Gaudenzio, Milanese painter, YII. 
 
 153. 
 
 Ferrari, Giuseppe, Italian philosopher and his¬ 
 torian, YII. 153. 
 
 Ferrari, Ludovico, mathematician, I. 302, 1 a. 
 Ferrari, Luigi, Italian sculptor, YII. 154. 
 
 Ferre, Theophile Charles [fair-ra], French com¬ 
 munist, YII. 154. 
 
 Ferreira, Antonio [fair-ra'-e-ra], Portuguese 
 poet, YII. 154. 
 
 Ferrel, his treatise “ On the Motions of Fluids 
 and Solids, relative to the Earth’s Surface,” 
 XI. 447, 1 c. Law of storms, IX. 81, 1 b. 
 Ferret, carnivorous animal, YII. 154 (ill.). 
 Ferric acid, ferric oxide, IX. 366, 1 c. 
 
 Fer'rier, James Frederick, Scottish metaphy¬ 
 sician, YII. 155. See Philosophy, XIII. 430, 
 
 1 ab; 446, 1 a. 
 
 Ferrier, Susan Edmonston, novelist, YII. 155. 
 Ferrieres [fair-yair], village of France, YII. 
 155. 
 
 Ferriol, count de [fair-yul]: see Ai'ssk. 
 
 Fer'ro, island, Canaries, YII. 155. 
 Ferrocyanide of iron, IX. 366, 2 ab. 
 
 Ferrol [fair-role'], city of Spain, YII. 155. 
 Ferro-manganese, IX. 372, 1 b; XY. 361, 2 b. 
 Ferroso-ferric oxide, IX. 366, 1 c. 
 
 Ferrous oxide, IX. 366, 1 b. 
 
 Ferrum : see Iron. 
 
 Ferry, in law, YII. 155. 
 
 Ferry Hook (now Troy, N. Y.), XYI. 12, 1 c. 
 Ferryland (now Newfoundland), III. 629, 2 ab. 
 Fersen, Axel, count [fair'-zen], Swedish sol¬ 
 dier, YII. 156. 
 
 Fer'ula (botany), referred to, YII. 561, 1 a. 
 Ferrers, in Persian demonology, Y. 793, 2 c. 
 Fesca, Friedrich Ernst, German composer and 
 musician, YII. 156. Alexander Ernst, 2 b. 
 Fes'cennine Yerses, licentious poems, YII. 156. 
 Fescen'nium, ancient city, YII. 156, 2 be. 
 Fesch, Joseph [fesh], cardinal, YII. 156. 
 Fescue, grass, YIII. 168, 1 c. 
 
 Fess, in heraldry, YIII. 672,1 c. Per fess, 671, 
 
 2 be. (See plate.) 
 
 Fessenden, Thomas Green, American author 
 and journalist, YII. 157. 
 
 Fessenden, William Pitt, statesman, YII. 157. 
 Fessler, Ignaz Aurelius, Hungarian author, 
 YII. 157^ 
 
 Fessler, Joseph, Austrian prelate, YII. 158. 
 Fess point, in heraldry, YIII. 671, 2 a. (See 
 plate.) 
 
 Festa di cattedra , festival in Rome, YII. 79,1 c. 
 Festu’ca ela'tior (botany), YIII. 168, 1 c. F. 
 
 ovina, ib.\ var. duriuscula, ib. 
 
 Festum fatuorum, or follorum: see Fools, 
 Feast of. 
 
 Fetii Ali, shah of Persia, YII. 158. 
 
 Fetiales [fe-she-a'-leez], college of priests in 
 ancient Rome, YII. 158 ; X. 222, 1 b. 
 
FETICHISM 
 
 FIELD 
 
 313 
 
 Fetichism [fet'-ish-ism], form of idolatry, VII. 
 158; XIV. 823, 2 b. 
 
 Feticism: see Fetichism. 
 
 F£tis, Francois Joseph [fa-teece], Belgian com¬ 
 poser, VII. 159. 
 
 Fetishism: see Fetichism. 
 
 Fettling , in iron manufacture, IX. 399, 2 a. 
 
 FEucnisRES, Sophie de, baroness [fiih-shair], 
 VII. 159; III. 157, 1 c. 
 
 Feudal System, VII. 159. Nature of benefices 
 and fiefs, 160, 1 b. Growth of the hereditary 
 principle, 1 c. Allodial proprietors, 2 b. 
 Commendation, 2 c. Edict of Milan, 161, 
 1 b. Essential facts of the feudal system, 
 1 be. Ceremonies on the conferring of a 
 fief, 2 a. Duties of a vassal, 2 b. Powers 
 of the feudal lord, ib. Exclusive spirit of 
 the system, 162, 1 a. Causes of its decline, 
 1 b.—Foundation of the feudal system in 
 England, VI. 620, 2 a; in France, IV. 285, 
 
 1 a, and VII. 380, 1 a. Feudal castles, I. 
 663, 1 b. Feudal military system, I. 744, 
 
 2 b, ff. Feudal tenure, XV. 654, 2 a, ff. 
 
 Feudum, VII. 108, 1 be. 
 
 Feuerbach, Paul Johann Anselm [foi'-er-ba k h], 
 German jurist, VII. 162. Ludwig Andreas, 
 philosopher, 2 b. 
 
 Feuillants [fuh-ya ng ], religious order, VII. 163. 
 
 Feuillants , societe des [so-se-a-ta da], political 
 club in Paris, IX. 500, 1 a; VII. 163, 1 be. 
 
 Feuillet, Octave [fuh-ya], French novelist and 
 dramatist, VII. 163. 
 
 Feval, Paul Henri Corentin [fa-val], French 
 novelist, VII. 163. 
 
 Fever, VII. 163. Acclimating fever, I. 59, 
 2 a; in Liberia, X. 397, 2 b. African fever, ib. 
 
 Fever and ague , VII. 164, 2 c. 
 
 Fever Bush, VII. 164 (ill.). 
 
 Fevers, VII. 164. Ephemeral, 2 ab. Classes 
 of, 2 b. Periodical fevers: intermittent and 
 remittent, 2 be; typho-malarial, 165, 2 be; 
 yellow fever, 2 c. Continued fevers: typhus, 
 166, 2 c; typhoid, 167, 2 ab; typho-malarial, 
 168, 2 c; spotted, ib. ; relapsing, 169, 1 ab ; 
 epidemic erysipelas, 2 b. Eruptive fevers*, 
 scarlet fever, 170, 1 b. See Chicken Pox, 
 Smallpox, Measles, and Plague. 
 
 Feversham: see Faversham. 
 
 Fever tree , VI. 768, 2 c (Eucalyptus). 
 
 Feydeau, Ernest Aime [fa-do], French author, 
 VII. 171. 
 
 Feyjoo y Montenegro, Francisco Benito Jero¬ 
 nimo [fa-e- k ho-o' e mone-ta-nu/-gro], Spanish 
 
 1 reformer, VII. 171. 
 
 Fez, province of Morocco, VII. 171. Capital 
 city, 2 b. 
 
 Fez, cap, VII. 171, 2 c; XI. 841, 1 b. 
 
 Fezzan', country of N. Africa, VII. 172. 
 
 Fiammingo [fyam-ming'-go] : see Calvaert. 
 
 Fiard, Jean Baptiste, abbe [fyar], VII. 172. 
 
 Fiber zibethicus (zoology), XII. 102, 1 ab (ill.). 
 Fur of, VII. 539, 1 ab. 
 
 Fibre , vegetable, XIII. 578, 2 b (ills.). Bast 
 fibres, 579, la; II. 314, 1 ab. See Bast. 
 
 Fibres , animal, I. 463, 1 b. See Histology, 
 and Muscle. 
 
 Fibrine [fi'-brin], VII. 172; III. 198, 2 a, ab; 
 XIII. 45, 1 c. Vegetable: see Gluten. 
 
 Fib'rinous flakes, in the blood, II. 732, 1 a. 
 
 Fibrous tissue : see Cellular Tissue. 
 
 Fibrous tumors, alluded to, IV. 175, 1 b. 
 
 Fibro-vascular tissue, of plants, XIII. 578, 2 b. 
 
 Fichte, Johann Gottlieb [fi c h'-teh], German 
 philosopher, VII. 173. His religious theories, 
 2 a. Philosophy of, 2 be. See Moral 
 Philosophy, XI. 813,1 b; Philosophy, XIII 
 430, 1 a, 442, 1 be.—Immanuel Hermann, 
 philosopher, 174, 2 b. 
 
 Fichtelgebirge [fiTi'-tel-geh-beer-geh], moun¬ 
 tains of Bavaria, VII. 174. * 
 
 Ficino, Marsilio [fe-che'-no], Italian Platonic 
 philosopher, VII. 175. 
 
 Fick, Adolf, German physiologist, VII. 175. 
 
 Ficquelmont, Karl Ludwig, count [fe-kel- 
 mo ng ], Austrian general and statesman, VII. 
 175. 
 
 Fiction, in law, VII. 175. 
 
 Ficus (botany), VII. 184, 1 a. F. carica, 183, 
 1 ab (ill.). F. elastica, III. 734, 2 a and b 
 (ill.). F. religiosa or Indica, II. 271, 2 b 
 (ill., 272); referred to, III. 393, 2 b. F. syca- 
 morus, XV. 535, 1 a. 
 
 Fidalgo : see Hidalgo, VIII. 717, 1 c. 
 
 Fiddle: see Violin. 
 
 Fiddle fish, I. 493, 1 c. 
 
 Fiddler crab, V. 450, 1 a, c (ill.). 
 
 Fidus Achates : see Achates. 
 
 Fief: see Feudal System, VII. 160, 1 be, ff. 
 
 Field, David Dudley, American clergyman, 
 
 VII. 176. David Dudley, jurist, 1 b. Stephen 
 Johnson, jurist, 2 c. Cyrus West, merchant, 
 originator of the transatlantic telegraph, 177, 
 1 c. Henry Martyn, clergyman, 178, 1 b. 
 
 Field, John, British composer, VII. 178. 
 
 Field of a shield, in heraldry, VIII. 671, 2 a. 
 
 Field of the Cloth of Gold, VII. 417, 1 ab; 
 
 VIII. 649, 2 ab; II. 503, 1 a. 
 
 Field of ice, IX. 149, 1 a. 
 
314 
 
 FIELD 
 
 •FINK 
 
 Field on a coin or medal, XII. 535, 2 b. 
 Fielders , in the game of cricket, V. 482, 2 a. 
 Fieldfare, bird, VII. 178 (ill.). 
 
 Fielding, Copley Vandyke, English painter, 
 
 VII. 179. 
 
 Fielding, Henry, English novelist and drama¬ 
 tist, VII. 179; VI. 642, 1 be. Ancestry, 2 a; 
 
 VIII. 450, 1 a. 
 
 Fielding, Sarah, English authoress, VII. 181. 
 Field Marshal: see Marshal, XI. 198, 1 ab. 
 Field Mouse : see Mouse, XII. 14, 2 a. 
 
 Field notes , in surveying, XV. 490, 1 c. 
 
 Fields, James Thomas, American author and 
 publisher, VII. 181. 
 
 Fi'eri Fa'cias, writ, VII. 181 ; 26, 2 ab, be. 
 Fiesohi [fyes'-ke], Genoese family, VII. 181. 
 Fieschi, Joseph Marie, French conspirator, 
 VII. 181. 
 
 Fiesco : see FiEScm (family). 
 
 Fiesco, Giovanni Luigi, count, Genoese con¬ 
 spirator, VII. 182. 
 
 Fiesole [fya'-zo-la], town of Italy, VII. 182. 
 Fiesole, Giovanni Angelico da: see Angelico. 
 Fievee, Joseph [fya-va], French politician and 
 author, VII. 182. 
 
 Fi. fa., abbreviation: see Fieri Facias, VII. 
 181, 2 a. 
 
 Fifeshire, county of Scotland, VII. 182. 
 
 Fig, fruit tree, VII. 183 (ill.). 
 
 Figeac [fe-zhak], town of France, VII. 184. 
 
 “ Fighting parson, the,” III. 348, 1 c. 
 
 Fig marigold, plant, XI. 414, 1 a. 
 
 Fig-pecker , bird, II. 437, 1 a. 
 
 Figueras [fe-ga'-rass], town of Spain, VII. 184. 
 Figueras, Estanislao, statesman, VII. 184. 
 Figuero'a, Francisco de, Spanish poet, VII. 
 
 184. Cristoval Suarez de, author, 184, 1 c. 
 Figuier, Guillaume Louis [fe-gya], French sci¬ 
 entific writer, VII. 184. 
 
 Figu'ra dictio'nis, in logic, X. 579, 2 c. 
 Figurehead, of a ship, XIV. 856, 1 a. 
 
 Figures, in logic, X. 579, 1 be. 
 
 Figure stone, mineral, XII. 490, 1 b. 
 Figure-turned work, XVI. 74, 1 a. 
 
 Fiji [fe-je']: see Feejee Islands. 
 
 Filament, of stamen, XIII. 585, 1 c; 586, 2 c. 
 Filangieri, Gaetano [fe-lan-ja'-re], Italian pub¬ 
 licist, VII. 184. 
 
 Filargo, Pietro [fe-lar'-go], (Pope Alexander 
 V.), I. 279, 2 be. 
 
 Filaria medinensis (entozoa), VI. 670, 1 a. 
 Filbert : see Hazel. 
 
 Filibuster, freebooter, VII. 185. 
 Filibustering, cant political term, VII. 185, 1 b. 
 
 Filicaja, Vincenzo da [fe-le-ka'-ya], Italiaa 
 poet, VII. 185. 
 
 FilTgree, work in gold or silver wire, VII. 185. 
 
 Filioque , controverted phrase added to the 
 Nicene creed by the western churches, XV. 
 870, 1 a; XII. 428, 2 a; X. 346, 2 a; VIII. 
 217, 2 b, c; VII. 278, 1 a; XII. 611, 1 be. 
 
 Filles de la doctrine chretienne [fey’ dull la 
 duk-treen kra-tyen], religious order, III. 
 481, 1 c. 
 
 Fillet, in heraldry, VIII. 672, 1 b. 
 
 Fillibeg, in highland costume, XIV. 700, 2 a. 
 
 Fillmore, county, VII. 185. 
 
 Fillmore, Millard, president of the United 
 States, VII. 185. In the New York state 
 legislature, 186, 1 b. In congress, 1 be. 
 Case of the contested seats from New Jer¬ 
 sey, 2 a. Tariff of 1842,187,1 a. Comptrol¬ 
 ler of New York, 1 be. Vice president, 1 c. 
 President, 2 a. Fugitive slave law, 2 c. 
 Cuban expedition, 188, 1 c. “ American ” 
 candidate for the presidency, 2 c. 
 
 Fillmore City , county seat, XI. 548, 2 c. 
 
 Films, thin, phenomena of, VI. 490, 2 c. Colors 
 of : see Light, X. 444, 1 b. 
 
 Filter, for straining fluids, VII. 189. 
 
 Fin'back : see Eorqual. 
 
 Fincasile, county seat, III. 138, 2 a. 
 
 Finch, family of birds, VII. 190. Wax-billed 
 finch, 1 c; Java, 2 a; brambling or moun¬ 
 tain, 2 be (ill., 191); green, 191, 1 b (ill.); 
 pine, 1 c; grass, 2 b; Lincoln’s, 192, 1 a 
 (ill.) ; sharp-tailed, 2 a (ill.); seaside, 2 b 
 (ill.) ; Bachman’s, 2 be; nonpareil or paint¬ 
 ed, 2 c ; lazuli, 193, 1 b; purple, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Finch, Heneage, earl of Nottingham, British 
 statesman and jurist, VII. 193. 
 
 Finck : see Fink. 
 
 Finden, William, English engraver, VII. 194. 
 
 Finding, in law, VII. 194. 
 
 Findlay, county seat, VIII. 434, 2 b. 
 
 Finds, in archaeology, VII. 195. Stone age, 
 2 b. Metallic age, 197, 1 b. The iron epoch, 
 2 b. Prehistoric monuments, 198, 1 a. 
 Human remains, 2 b. 
 
 Fine-top, grass, VIII. 167, 2 c. 
 
 Fingal, of Ossian, legendary hero, VII. 124, 
 2 a; XII. 721, 2 b. 
 
 Fingal’s Cave, Scotland, VII. 199 (ill.). 
 
 Finist^re, or Finisterre [fe-nis-tair], depart¬ 
 ment of France, VII. 200. 
 
 Fin'is Ter'rce, III. 747, 2 a (Cape Finisterre). 
 
 Fink, Friedrich August von, Prussian soldier, 
 VII. 200. 
 
FINLAND 
 
 FISH 
 
 315 
 
 Finland, grand duchy of Russia, VII. 200. 
 Population, 2 b. Physical features, 2 be. 
 Productions, 201, 1 a. Manufactures and 
 commerce, 1 c. Religion and education, 2 b. 
 Government, &c., 2 c. History, 202, 1 be. 
 Language and literature, 2 be. See Finns. 
 
 Finland, Gulf of, VII. 204. Depth of water 
 in, 1 c; II. 251, 2 a. 
 
 Finlay, George, British historian, VII. 204. 
 
 Finlay, John, Scottish poet and biographer, 
 VII. 204. 
 
 Finlayson, George, British surgeon and trav¬ 
 eller, VII. 204. 
 
 Finley, James Bradley, American clergyman, 
 VII. 204. 
 
 Finley, Samuel, clergyman, VII. 205. 
 
 Finmark, bailiwick of Norway, VII. 205. 
 
 Finn: see Fionn (Index). 
 
 Finn, Henry J., American actor and author, 
 VII. 205. 
 
 Finner (grampus), VIII. 147, 1 b. 
 
 Finney, Charles G., American preacher and 
 author, VII. 205. (Died 1875.) 
 
 Finnish family , IX. 566, 2 c. See Finns. 
 
 Finns, VII. 205 (ill., 206). See Russia, XIV. 
 483, 1 b, 2 be; 488, 2 be, c. 
 
 Finochio [fe-no'-ke-o], fennel, VII. 131, 2 a. 
 
 Finsbury, district of London, X. 592, 1 a. 
 
 Finsson, Ramies, Icelandic bishop, IX. 682,2 ab. 
 
 Finsteraarhorn [fin'-ster-ar'-horn], peak of 
 the Alps, VII. 207. 
 
 Fiogo : see Hiogo. 
 
 Fionn , legendary Irish hero, VII. 124, 2 a. 
 
 Fiord [fe-ord'], (Dan. fjord, fyord), bay or gulf, 
 XII. 506, 2 b; XV. 502, 1 a. 
 
 Fiorelli, Giuseppe [fyo-rel'-le], Italian archas- 
 ologist, VII. 207. 
 
 Fiorentino, Pier-Angelo [fyo-ren-te'-no], Ital¬ 
 ian author, VII. 207. 
 
 Fi'orite, variety of opal, XII. 642, 1 b. 
 
 Fir, tree, VII. 207. Balsam or balm of Gilead 
 fir, 208, 1 a (ill.). Noble silver fir, 2 b (ill.). 
 Great silver fir, 2 c (ill.). Common silver 
 fir, 209, 1 a (ill.). Cephalonian fir, &c., 1 c. 
 Scotch fir, XIII. 527, 1 b. 
 
 Firdusi, Abul Kasim Mansour [feer-doo'-se], 
 Persian epic poet, VII. 209; XIII. 326, 2 a. 
 
 Fire : see Flame, Heat, and Light. 
 
 u Fire and water, to go through ,” origin of the 
 expression, XII. 674, 2 b. 
 
 Firo annihilator, Phillips’s, VII. 212, 1 c. 
 
 Firearms , introduction of, I. 745, 2 a (Army). 
 
 Fire ball: see Meteor, XI. 429, 2 c. 
 
 Fire Beetle : see Firefly. 
 
 Fire bird (Baltimore oriole), II. 257, 2 a. 
 
 Fire brick, III. 268, 2 ab; XIII. 786, 2 c. 
 
 Fire damp, III. 776, 1 a. 
 
 Fire-damp alarm, I. 238, 2 c. 
 
 Fire Engine, VII. 210. Steam fire engines, 
 211, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Fire Extinguisher, VII. 212. Phillips’s fire 
 annihilator, 1 c. Carlier and Vignon’s ap¬ 
 paratus, ib. (ills.). Babcock self-acting fire 
 engine, 213, 2 a (ill., 212). 
 
 Firefly, VII. 213. Cueujo, 1 be (ill.). Amer¬ 
 ican fireflies, 214, 1 a. Causes of the light, 
 2 ab. 
 
 Fire-Hole river and basin, geysers of the, VII. 
 785, 2 c, If. 
 
 Firenze [fe-ren'-dza]: see Florence, Italy. 
 
 Fire-Proofing, VII. 215. 
 
 Fire-proof paint (Ohio), beds of, I. 227, 1 b. 
 
 Fire-proof structures, II. 413, 2 a, c. Objec¬ 
 tions to groined arches of masonry, 2 b. 
 First use of iron beams, ib. ; cast-iron beams 
 insecure, 2 c; superiority of wrought iron, 
 414, 1 b; best construction of, 2 a, ft’. Fire¬ 
 proof floors, 415, 1 a. Sustaining power, 
 2 c; rule for, 416, 1 a. 
 
 Fire temple, of the Guebres, II. 230, 1 c. 
 
 Fireweed, VIII. 270, 1 c; XI. 615, 2 b. 
 
 Fireworks : see Pyrotechny. 
 
 Fire worshippers, VIII. 295, 1 c. 
 
 Firmament, VII. 215. 
 
 Firman, decree issued by the Porte, VII. 215. 
 
 Firmum Picenum, ancient town: see Fermo. 
 
 Firol’idce (mollusca), XII. 531, 1 b. 
 
 “ First in war, first in peace ,” &c., its author, 
 X. 304, 1 b ; XVI. 490, 2 b. 
 
 Firth, a deep inlet, XIV. 698, 2 be. 
 
 Fisc, public treasure, VII. 215. 
 
 Fiscamum, Fiscamnum: see Fecamp. 
 
 Fisch, George [fish], French divine, VII. 216. 
 
 Fisch'art, Johann, German writer, VII. 216. 
 
 Fischer, Ernst Kuno Berthold, philosopher, 
 VII. 216. 
 
 Fischer, Gotthelf, naturalist, VII. 216. His 
 classification of mammals, XI. 80, 1 c. His 
 divisions of the human race, VI. 754, 1 a. 
 
 Fischer von Erlach, Johann Bernhard [fon 
 air'-la k h], architect, VII. 216. Joseph Ema¬ 
 nuel, architect, 2 b. 
 
 Fiscus: see Fisc. 
 
 Fish, Hamilton, American statesman, VII. 216. 
 
 Fish, as a religious emblem, V. 513, 1 b. 
 
 Fish, in heraldry, VIII. 673, 1 c. (See plate.) 
 
 Fisn Crow: see Crow, V. 521, 1 c. 
 
 Fisn Culture, VII. 217. In ancient and 
 
316 
 
 FISHER 
 
 FIZEAU 
 
 modern times, 1 b, ff. Oyster culture, 2 b. 
 Artificial impregnation of fish eggs, early 
 knowledge of, 218, 1 a. Breeding of trout, 
 
 1 b; of salmon, 219, 2 b; of shad, 2 c. In 
 France and Germany, 220, 1 a; Great Brit¬ 
 ain, 2 a; Norway and Russia, 2 be; Cana¬ 
 da, 221, 1 a; United States, 1 be. 
 
 Fisher, mammal, VII. 223 (ill.). Fur of, 537, 
 
 2 c. 
 
 Fisher, Alvan, American artist, VII. 223. 
 Fisher, George Park, scholar, VII. 224. 
 
 Fisher, J. E, steam carriage of, XV., 336, 
 2 ab (ill.). 
 
 Fisher, John, English prelate, VII. 224. 
 
 Fisher, Fort, expedition against, XVI. 649,1 be. 
 Fisheries, VII. 224. Of European and Asi¬ 
 atic countries, 2 b, ff.; of the United States, 
 230, 1 a; British American, 233, 2 c. Sta¬ 
 tistics, 234, 2 c. 
 
 Fisherman's basket, star fish, XII. 644, 1 b. 
 Fishery question, between the British govern¬ 
 ment and the United States, I. 89, 2 a; VII. 
 230, 1 c, 231, 1 b. Fishery commission, 
 XVI. 187, 2 ab. (Award of $5,500,000 
 against the United States, 1877.) 
 
 Fishes, VII. 235. General characteristics, 2 c. 
 External form, 236, 2 b. Movements, 237, 
 
 1 c. Anatomy, 2 c; skeleton, V. 173,1 bc- 
 
 2 c. Nervous system, 176, 2 c. Sense of 
 touch, 177, 2 c; tongue, 178, 1 c; organ of 
 smell, 2 ab; of hearing, 2 c; eyes, 179, 2 a, 
 VII. 47, 2 a and c; teeth, V. 180, 1 be; di¬ 
 gestive organs, 180, 1 c; lacteals, 183, 1 b; 
 external covering, 1 be. Circulation, VII. 
 238, 1 be. Respiration, 2 be. Reproduc¬ 
 tion, 2 c; multiplication of, how restricted, 
 240, 1 b; distribution of, 1 be. Age of, 1.182, 
 2 be. Classification of: see Ichthyology. 
 Care of young by the male, XIII. 536, 1 c. 
 Four-eyed fishes, I. 451, 1 c (Anableps). 
 Fossil fishes, VII. 240,2 b; 614,1c; 1.175, la. 
 
 Fishes, blind: see Blind Fisn; Eye, VII. 48, 
 2 a; Mammoth Cave, XI. 86, 2 a; V. 177, 
 1 b, 179, 2 ab, 464, 2 c ; Adelsberg, I. 114, 
 1 c; Evolution, VII. 12, 1 ab. 
 
 Fisn Hawk, VII. 241 (ill.). 
 
 Fishing frog (goose fish), VIII. 109, 2 c. 
 Fishkill, town of New York, VII. 241. 
 
 Fish with legs, so styled, II. 166, 2 c. 
 
 Fish lizard: see Menobranchus, and X. 360,1 b. 
 Fish street hill, London, X. 593, 2 ab. 
 
 Fish-tail burner, defect of, VII. 538, 2 ab. 
 Fisk, Wilbur, American clergyman and edu¬ 
 cator, VII. 242. 
 
 Fisk university, XII. 152, 1 a; XV. 648, 2 c. 
 Fissure of Sylvius, in the brain, III. 191, 2 be. 
 Fissurella (mollusca), X. 486, 2 c. 
 
 Fistiana, record of prize ring, I. 448, 2 c. 
 Fis'tula, ulcer, VII. 242. 
 
 Fistularia (ichthyology), XIII. 536, 2 b. F. 
 
 serrata, 2 be (ill.). F. tabacaria, 537, 1 a. 
 Fistulous ulcer, VII. 242, 2 a. 
 
 Fitch, fur of the polecat, VII. 538, 2 c; XIII. 
 658, 2 c. 
 
 Fitch, Ebenezer, American clergyman, VII. 243. 
 Fitch, John, American inventor, VII. 243. 
 Fitchburg, city of Massachusetts, VII. 244. 
 Fitchet, polecat, XIII. 658, 2 c. 
 
 Fits, in paralysis of the insane, IX. 305, 1 c. 
 Fitz-Boodle, George, pseudonyme, XV. 680,2 at. 
 Fitz- Clarence, name of the children of the duke 
 of Clarence (William IV.) by Mrs. Jordan, 
 IX. 684, 2 b; XVI. 632, 1 c. 
 
 Fitz- George, name of the children of the duke of 
 Cambridge by Miss Fairbrother, III. 646,1 c. 
 Fitzgerald, Edward, lord, Irish soldier and 
 politician, VII. 245. Pamela, lady, 1 b. 
 Fitzhardinge, Earl [fits-har'-ding], II. 559, 2 c. 
 Fitz-Hardinge, Sir Maurice Frederick Fitz- 
 Hardinge Berkeley, Baron, English admiral, 
 
 II. 561, 1 ab. 
 
 Fitzherbert, Sir Anthony, English jurist, VII. 
 245. His treatise on husbandry, 2 a; the 
 first in England, I. 202, 2 c. Thomas, Jesuit, 
 VII. 245, 2 a. 
 
 Fitzherbert, Maria, wife of George IV., VII. 
 245. 
 
 Fitzinger [fits'-ing-er], (Leopold Joseph Franz 
 Johann, born 1802), German naturalist, his 
 classification of reptiles, VIII. 693, 2 b; of 
 mammals, XI. 81, 1 a. 
 
 Fitz-James [Fr. feece-zhamss], duke de, II. 
 586, 2 c. 
 
 Fitz Mary's hospital, London, II. 449, 2 c. 
 Fitz-Roy, origin of the name, XII. 127, 2 c. 
 Fitzroy, Robert, British admiral, VII. 245. 
 Fitzurse, Reginald, baron, II. 441, 2 b. 
 Fitzwilliam, William Wentworth Fitz william, 
 earl, English statesman, VII. 246. 
 Fitzwilliam museum, Cambridge university, 
 
 III. 645, 2 c. 
 
 Fiume [fu'-ma], royal Hungarian city, VII. 246. 
 Fiume di Terranova: see Gela. 
 
 Five-fingered Jack, star fish, XV. 320, 1 b. 
 
 Five Forks, battle of, XIII. 358, 2 c. 
 
 Fixed air, carbonic acid gas, III. 773, 2 ab. 
 Fixture, in law, VII. 246. 
 
 Fizeau [fe-zo] (Hippolyte Louis, French mathe* 
 
FLACIUS 
 
 FLEMIN GSBURG 
 
 317 
 
 matician, born 1819), measurement of the 
 velocity of light by, X. 437, 2 a. 
 
 Fla'cius, Matthias [Ger. fla'-tse-oos], German 
 theologian, VII. 247. 
 
 Flag, name of plants of the order of algae, VII. 
 247 (ills., 248). Of the iris family, 248, 2 b : 
 see Iris. Sword flags, ib. : see Gladiolus. 
 
 Flag, banner, VII. 249 (chart). 
 
 Flagellants, mediaeval societies of penitents, 
 VII. 252. 
 
 Flagellants fareinistes [fla-zhel-la ng fa-ra-neest], 
 a modern sect, III. 68, 2 c. 
 
 Flageolet tones [flaj'-o-let], I. 71, 2 a. 
 
 Flagg, George Whiting, American artist, VII. 
 
 252. Jared Bradley, artist and clergyman, 
 
 253, 1 a. 
 
 Flag officers , in the U. S. navy, I. 124, 1 ab. 
 
 Flahaut de la Billarderie, Auguste Charles 
 Joseph, count [fla-o du.h la be-yar-dre], 
 French general and diplomatist, VII. 253. 
 Margaret Mercer Elphinstone, countess, and 
 Baroness Keith, 1 be. Adele Filleul, au¬ 
 thoress, 1 c. 
 
 Flambeau [flam'-bo; Fr. fla Dg -bo], female mili¬ 
 tary order of the, XV. 814, 1 b. 
 
 Flam'borough Head, promontory of England, 
 VII. 253. 
 
 Flamboyant , in Gothic architecture, I. 663, 2 b. 
 
 Flame, VII. 253 (ills.). Its transparency to 
 light, XIII. 474, 1 b; intensity of overlap¬ 
 ping flames, 1 c. Singing flames, VII. 255, 
 2 b; sounding, 83,1 a; sensitive, XV. 175,1 b. 
 
 Flamel, Nicolas, [fla-mel], reputed alchemist, 
 VII. 255. 
 
 Flamen, Roman priest, VII. 256. 
 
 Flame organ : see Pyrophone. 
 
 Flamingo, bird, VII. 256. American, 2 c 
 (ill.). European, 257, 1 b. 
 
 Flaminian Way, ancient Roman road, VII. 257. 
 
 Flamin'ica, Roman priestess, VII. 256, 1 c. 
 
 Flamini'nus, Titus Quintius, Roman general, 
 VII. 257. 
 
 Flamin'ius, Caius, Roman general, VII. 257. 
 
 Flammarion, Camille [flam-ma-re-o ng ], French 
 astronomer, VII. 257. 
 
 Flam'steed, John, first English astronomer 
 royal, VII. 258. 
 
 Flanches , in heraldry, VIII. 672, 2 be. (See 
 plate.) 
 
 Flanders, region of Europe, VII. 258. 
 
 Flanders, East, province of Belgium, VII. 259. 
 
 Flanders, West, province of Belgium, VII. 259. 
 
 Flandin, Eugene Napoleon [fla ne -da ns ], French 
 painter and archaeologist, VII. 259. 
 
 Flandrin, Jean Ilippolyte, French painter, 
 VII. 260. Auguste, 1 c. Jean Paul, ib. 
 Flap operation , in amputation, I. 442, 1 c. 
 Flash: see Slang, XV. 85, 2 c. 
 
 Flashing , or flushing, for cleansing harbors 
 and sewers, VI. 256, 1 a. 
 
 Flask, for moulding, IV. 75, 2 c (ill., 76). 
 Flat'bows , tribe of Indians, X. 43, 1 c. , 
 
 Flatbush, town of Long Island, VII. 260. 
 Flathead lake, Montana, XI. 662, 2 b. 
 Flathead river, Montana, XI. 772, 1 b. 
 Flatheads, various tribes of Indians, VII. 260 
 (ill., skulls of). See Choctaws, IV. 506, 2 c. 
 Custom of flattening the skull, VII. 261, 1 b. 
 The Selish tribe, 1 be. 
 
 Flat worms, VI. 667, 1 a; XIII. 568, 2 a. 
 Flaubert, Gustave [flo-bair], French novelist, 
 VII. 261. 
 
 Flavedo, lemon rind, X. 336, 2 c. 
 
 Flav'el, John, English clergyman and author, 
 VII. 261. 
 
 Flavia Ccesariensis, Roman province, II. 449. 
 Flavia Neapolis (Nablus), IX. 728, 2 ab. 
 Flavian amphitheatre: see Colosseum. 
 Flavius Cneius: see Fasti, VII. 93, 2 b. 
 
 Flax, plant, VII. 262 (ill.). New Zealand 
 flax, 2 b. Production in the United States, 
 2 be. Manufacture in Great Britain, 263, 
 
 1 a. Cultivation, 1 b. Steeping (retting), 
 
 2 c. Claussen’s flax cotton, 264, 2 a. Break¬ 
 ing process, 2 c. Hatchelling, 265, 1 b. 
 MacAdam’s prize essay upon it, 2 ab. 
 
 Flaxman, John, English sculptor, VII. 265^ 
 Flaxseed jelly, III. 582, 1 c. 
 
 Flaxseed oil: see Linseed. 
 
 Flea : see Epizoa, VI. 697, 1 ab (ill.). 
 Fleabane, herb, VII. 265. 
 
 Flea beetle, wavy-striped, XVI. 76, 1 c. 
 Flechier, Esprit [fla-she-a], French pulpit 
 orator, VII. 266. 
 
 Flechiere [fla-she-air]: see Fletcher, John 
 William. 
 
 Flecknoe, Richard, British poet, VII. 266. 
 Fleetwood, Charles, English republican, VII. 
 266. 
 
 Fleetwood, William, English prelate and au¬ 
 thor, VII. 266. 
 
 Fleischer, Heinrich Leberecht [fll'-sher], Ger¬ 
 man orientalist, VII. 267. 
 
 Fleming, county, VII. 267. 
 
 Fleming, John, Scottish naturalist, VII. 267. 
 
 His system of classification in zoology, 2 a. 
 Flemings: see Belgium, II. 488, 2 a. 
 Flemingsburg, county seat, VII. 267, 1 b. 
 
318 
 
 FLEMINGTON 
 
 FLORUS 
 
 Flemington , county seat, IX. 74, 1 b. 
 
 Flemish bond, in bricklaying, III. 269, 1 c (ill.). 
 Flemish Language and Literature, YII. 267. 
 Flemish school of painting, YII. 44, 2 c; XII. 
 800, 2 b. 
 
 Flemming, Paul, German poet, YII. 268. 
 Flensbueg [flence'-boorg], seaport of Schles¬ 
 wig, YII. 268. Treaty of, 120, 1 b. 
 
 Flen'tes, class of penitents, IY. 566, 2 a. 
 
 Flesh fly, VI. 697, 2 ab; XIY. 374, 1 c (ill.). 
 Fletcher, Andrew (Fletcher of Saltoun), 
 Scottish author, YII. 269. 
 
 Fletcher, Giles, English poet, YII. 269. Phin- 
 eas, poet, 1 c. 
 
 Fletcher, John: see Beaumont and Fletcher. 
 Fletcher, John William, English clergyman, 
 YII. 269. 
 
 Fletcher, Richard, prelate, II. 431, 1 b; XI. 
 
 235, 2 c (dean of Peterborough). 
 
 Fleur de garance [fluhr duh ga-ra ng ce], 1.321, 2 a. 
 Fleur-de-lys [fluhr-duh-leece], inlieraldry,YIII. 
 673, 2 be. (See plate.) 
 
 Fleurus [fluh-rus], town of Belgium, YII. 269. 
 
 Battles of, 2 c; YIII. 123, 1 c. 
 
 Fleury, Andre Hercule, cardinal de [fliih-re], 
 French statesman, YII. 270. Referred to, 
 XIV. 553, 1 b. 
 
 Fleury, Claude, abb6, ecclesiastical writer, 
 VII. 270. 
 
 Fleury, Jules, author: see Champfleury. 
 Flevo, ancient lake : see Zuyder Zee. 
 
 Flicker: see Woodpecker. 
 
 Fliedner, Theodor [fleed'-ner], German clergy¬ 
 man and philanthropist, YII. 270. 
 
 Flinders, Matthew, English navigator,YII. 271. 
 Flint, mineral, YII. 271. 
 
 Flint, city of Michigan, YII. 271. 
 
 Flint, Austin, American physician, YII. 272. 
 Austin, jr., physician, 2 a. On cholesterine, 
 IY. 514, 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 Flint, Timothy, American clergyman and au¬ 
 thor, YII. 272. 
 
 Flint glass, YIII. 15, 2 b. 
 
 Flint loch, XII. 98, 1 ab. Introduction of, I. 
 
 735, 1 c; 747, 2 b. 
 
 Flint River, Georgia, YII. 273. 
 
 Flints in the chalk formation, IY. 231, 2 c. 
 Flintshire, county of Wales, YII. 273. 
 Floating collimator, philosophical instrument, 
 IX. 772, 1 a. 
 
 Floating gardens , of Mexico, YII. 273, 2 c. 
 Floating Islands, YII. 273. 
 
 Float stone, variety of opal, XII. 642, 1 c. 
 Flock paper: see Paper Hangings, XIII. 53,1 c. 
 
 Flodden Field, Battle of,YII. 274; IX. 516,1 a. 
 Floe of ice, IX. 149, 1 a; XIII. 653, 2 c. 
 
 Flood, Henry, Irish orator and politician, VII. 
 
 274. Opponent of Grattan, YIII. 172, 2 b. 
 Floors, fire-proof: see Beam, II. 415, 1 a, ff. 
 Flora, goddess, YII. 274; YIII. 816, 1 c. 
 Floral games, IX. 425, 1 a; XY. 822, 1 c. 
 Flor'ence, province of Italy, YII. 274. Cap¬ 
 ital city, 2 be (view, 275). Cathedral, 275, 
 1 ab. Galleries, &c., 276, 1 ab. Trade, 
 climate, &c., 277, 1 a. History, 1 b. 
 Florence , county seat, X. 206, 1 a. 
 
 Florence, Council of, YII. 277; II. 358, 1 b. 
 Florentia: see Florence, YII. 277, 1 b. 
 Florentine academy, I. 50, 1 c; YII. 276, 2 a. 
 Florentine calculation (calendar), III. 580,1 ab. 
 Flores [flo'-ress], island, Azores, YII. 278. 
 Flores, island, Malay archipelago, YII. 278. 
 Flores (Juan Jose, 1801-64, president of Ecua¬ 
 dor 1831-’5, 1839, 1843-’51), YI. 398, 2 a, b. 
 Flores (Berancio), president of Uruguay, XVI. 
 228, 2 a, ab. 
 
 Flo'res zinci, XYI. 816, 2 ab ; 817, 2 be. 
 
 Floret , in grasses, YIII. 166, 1 c. 
 
 Florian, Jean Pierre Claris de [fluh-re-a ng ], 
 French author, YII. 278. 
 
 Flo'rian, Saint, German martyr, YII. 278. 
 Flor'ida, state, YII. 279. Seal, 1 b. Popula¬ 
 tion, 2 a. Physical features, 280, 1 a. Pro¬ 
 ductions, 2 be. Natural curiosities, 281, 
 
 1 ab. Climate, 1 be. Agriculture and man¬ 
 ufactures, 2 b. Commerce, 282, 1 a. In¬ 
 tercommunication, 1 c. Government, 2 ab. 
 Finances, 283,1 b. Education, 1 c. Libraries, 
 newspapers, and churches, 2 be. History, 
 
 2 c. Origin of the name, ib. Discovery of, 
 284, 1 a; XYI. 150, 1 a. French expedition 
 to, YII. 284, 1 ab: see Ribault, and Me- 
 nendez de Avilez. Massacre of the French 
 colonists, YIII. 132, 1 a. Ceded to the Uni¬ 
 ted States, YII. 284, 2 b. Seminole war, ib 
 Ordinance of secession, 2 c; itsrepeal,285,la 
 
 Florida, confederate cruiser, affair of the, X. 
 497, 2 a. 
 
 Florida (ornithology), YIII. 691, 2 b. 
 
 Florida Blanca, Jose Mofiino, count of [flo-re'- 
 tha blang'-ka], Spanish statesman, YII. 285. 
 Florida Keys, islands, YII. 285. 
 
 Florida reef, YII. 280, 1 b. 
 
 Flor'in, coin, YII. 285. 
 
 Floris: see Flores, Malay island. 
 
 Flo'ris, Frans, Flemish painter, YII. 285. 
 Florus, Lucius Anneeus, Roman historian, 
 YII. 285. 
 
FLOTOW 
 
 FOIX 
 
 319 
 
 Flotow, Friedrich von [flo'-to], German com¬ 
 poser, VII. 285. 
 
 Flotsam, in law, VII. 286. 
 
 Flotz, in geology, VII. 688, 2 c. 
 
 Flounder, fish, VII. 286. American species, 
 2 a (ill.). European, 287, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Flour, wheat, XVI. 588, 1 ab. 
 
 Flourens, Marie Jean Pierre [floo-ra ng ce], 
 French physiologist, VII. 287. His investi¬ 
 gations in comparative anatomy, V. 182, 
 2 ab. His theory of the skin, 189, 2 c; of 
 human longevity, I. 181, 2 ab.—Gustave, 
 agitator, VII. 287, 2 b. 
 
 Flower: see Plant, XIII. 584, 1 c, 590, 1 c 
 (ills., 585). Relation of the flower to the 
 leaf, X. 267, 2 a. 
 
 Flower City (Springfield, Ill.), XV. 290, 1 b. 
 
 Flower de luce (iris), IX. 364, 1 a. 
 
 Flower festival, at Athens, II. 192, 2 a. 
 
 Flower flies, VII. 295, 2 b (ill.). Injury 
 caused by their larvae, ib., and XVI. 76, 2 b. 
 
 Flower-of-an-hour, VIII. 713, 2 c. 
 
 Floy, James, American clergyman, VII. 288. 
 
 Floyd, five counties, VII. 288. 
 
 Floyd, John Buchanan, American politician, 
 VII. 288. 
 
 Floyd, William, general, and signer of the 
 Declaration of Independence, VII. 289. 
 
 Flucan, in lead mines, X. 250, 2 b. 
 
 Flue pipes, of an organ, XII. 689, 1 a. 
 
 Flugel, Gustav Lebrecht [flti'-ghel], German 
 orientalist, VII. 289. 
 
 Flugel, Johann Gottfried, German lexicog¬ 
 rapher, VII. 289. 
 
 Fluke , fish, VII. 287, 1 a. 
 
 Fluohydric acid, VII. 291, 2 a. 
 
 Fluores'cence, VII. 289; XV. 248, 2 b, if. (ills.). 
 
 Fluoride of calcium [flu'-o-rid]: see Fluor 
 Spar. 
 
 Fluoride of silicium, VII. 291, 2 be. 
 
 Fluorine [flu'-o-rin], gaseous body, VII. 291; 
 292, 1 be. In the blood, II. 730, 1 a. 
 
 Fluor Spar, mineral, VII. 291. 
 
 Fluosilicic acid, VII. 291, 2 be. 
 
 Flushing, village of New York, VII. 292. 
 
 Flushing, city of Holland, VII. 292. 
 
 Flushing of a sewer, XIV. 797, 1 b. 
 
 Fluta, eel, VII. 292, 2 c. 
 
 Flute, wind instrument, VII. 292; XII. 74, 
 1 b. Celebrated flutists, VII. 293, 1 be. 
 
 Flute, musical box, XII. 94, 2 b. 
 
 Flute stop, in the organ, VII. 293, 1 be. 
 
 Fluvanna, county, VII. 293. 
 
 Flux, in metallurgy, VII. 293. 
 
 Fluxions : see Calculus, III. 570, 2 c. 
 
 Fly, VII. 293. House fly, 293, 1 c, and 294, 
 
 1 b (ill.); its means of walking on a smooth 
 ceiling, 1 c; a ready poison, 2 b. Blue¬ 
 bottle or blow fly, ib. (ill.). Blue-green fly, 
 
 2 c. Flesh fly, ib. Dung fly, 295, 1 b. 
 Stable fly, 2 c. Cheese fly, ib .—Black fly, 
 
 VI. 129, 1 c. Horse fly, 2 a. Forest flies 
 (golden-eyed), 2 ab. Bee fly, 2 b. Soldier 
 flies, 2 c. Spider fly, 130, 1 c. Wine fly, 
 
 VII. 295, 2 b. Flower flies, ib. Onion fly, 
 2 c (ill.). Bot fly, III. 141 (ill.). Hessian fly, 
 
 VIII. 708 (ill.). Wheat fly, XVI. 588 (ill.). 
 Fly blows, VII. 294, 2 c. 
 
 Fly boat, origin of name, VII. 185, 1 a. 
 Flycatcher, bird, VII. 296. 
 
 Fly frame , in cotton manufacture, V. 414,1 ab. 
 Flying bull, species of beetle, XV. 302, 2 a. 
 Flying buttresses, in Gothic architecture, I. 
 663, 2 c (ill., 664). 
 
 Flying Fisn, VII. 296. European, 297, 1 be 
 (ill.). American species, 2 b. Flying gur¬ 
 nard, 298, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Flying fox, bat, II. 378, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Flying Lemur, VII. 298 (ill.). 
 
 Flying machines, I. 145, 2 b. 
 
 Flying sap, in a siege, XV. 29, 1 c. 
 
 Flying Squirrel, VII. 298 (ill.). 
 
 Fly shuttle, in a loom, XVI. 523, 2 c. 
 Fcenic'ulum (botany), VII. 131, 1 c. F. vul- 
 gare, ib. (ill.). F. dulce, 2 a. 
 
 Foerster, Wilhelm [fors'-ter], German astrono¬ 
 mer, VII. 299. 
 
 FceVicide, XI. 338, 1 b. 
 
 Fcetus: see Embryology, and XII. 568, 2 a. 
 
 Anencephalous foetus, XI. 765, 1 ab, &c. 
 Fog, VII. 299. 
 
 Fogaras [fo'-gor-osh], town of Transylvania, 
 VII. 300. 
 
 Fogas, fish, II. 235, 1 c. 
 
 Fog bow: see Rainbow, XIV. 188, 2 c. 
 Fogelberg, BengtErland [fo'-ghel-bairg], Swe¬ 
 dish sculptor, VII. 300. 
 
 Foggia [fod'-ja], province of Italy, VII. 300. 
 
 Capital city, 2 c. 
 
 Fog signal, X. 457, 2 c. 
 
 Foil, in fencing, VII. 120, 2 ab, c. 
 
 Foil, lead, poisonous effects of, X. 246, 2 b. 
 
 Tin, uses and manufacture of, XV. 764, 1 a. 
 Foissac, Dr. [fwa-sak], mesmerist, I. 526, 2 b. 
 Foix [fwa], town of France, VII. 301. 
 
 Foix, Counts of, French family, VII. 301. Ray¬ 
 mond Roger, 1 b. Roger Bernard II. (the 
 Great), 1 be. Roger Bernard III., 1 c. Gas- 
 
320 
 
 FOKIEH 
 
 FORCE 
 
 ton II., ib. Gaston III. (Gaston Phoebus), 
 ib. Gaston IV., 2 ab. Catherine de Foix, 
 ib. Germaine de, second wife of Ferdinand 
 V. of Spain, 137, 1 a. 
 
 Fokien [fo-ke-en'j, province of China, VII. 301. 
 
 Fokshani [fok-sha'-ne], town of Roumania, 
 VII. 301. 
 
 Fold'var, town of Hungary, VII. 301. 
 
 Folengo, Teofilo , inventor of macaronics, X. 
 767, 2 ab. 
 
 Foley, John Henry, Irish sculptor, VII. 302. 
 
 Folger, Capt. Mayhew [fole'-jer], I. 97, 2 c; 
 XIII. 546, 2 a. 
 
 Foligno [fo-le'-nyo], city of Italy, VII. 302. 
 
 Folio , size of book, III. 75, 2 c. 
 
 Folkestone [foke'-stone], seaport of England, 
 VII. 302. 
 
 Follen, August (Adolf Ludwig), German poet, 
 VII. 302. 
 
 Follen, Charles, American clergyman and wri¬ 
 ter, VII. 302. Eliza Lee, authoress, 303,1 a. 
 
 Follets: see Fairies, VII. 64, 1 a. 
 
 Follicle , in botany, XIII. 590, 2 be. 
 
 Follicles , glandular, VII. 835, 1 c; IX. 324, 1 a. 
 
 Fonblanque, Albany William [fon-blank'j, 
 English journalist, VII. 303. John Samuel 
 Martin, lawyer, 1 b. 
 
 Fonda [fun'-da], county seat, XI. 786, 1 a. 
 
 Fond du Lac, county, VII. 303. 
 
 Fond du Lao, city of Wisconsin, VII. 303. 
 
 Fonseca, Eleonora Pimentel de [fone-sa'-ka], 
 marchioness, political martyr, VII. 303. 
 
 Fontaine, Jean de la: see La Fontaine. 
 
 Fontainebleau [fo ng -tain-blo], town of France, 
 VII. 304. Chateau of, 1 c (ill.). Park and 
 forest of, XIII. 99, 1 b (ills.). Decree of 
 Fontainebleau, V. 288, 1 c. Treaty of, XV. 
 213, 2 ab. 
 
 Fontana, Prospero [fone-ta'-na], Italian paint¬ 
 er, VII. 304. Lavinia, 2 c. Domenico, 
 architect, ib. Carlo, architect, 305, 1 a. 
 
 Fontanelle', county seat, I. 79, 2 a. 
 
 Fontanes, Louis, marquis de [fo ng -tan], French 
 writer, VII. 305. 
 
 Fontanges, Marie Ang61ique de Scoraille de 
 Roussile, duchess de [fo ng -ta ng zh], mistress of 
 Louis XIV., VII. 305. 
 
 Fontarabia : see Fuenterrabia. 
 
 Fontenay, Mme. de [fo ng t-na], (Mme. Tallien), 
 III. 46, 2 be. 
 
 Fontenay -le- Comte [-luh-ko ng t], town of 
 France, VII. 305. 
 
 Fontenay-le-Peuple [-luh-puhpP]: see Fonte- 
 NAY-LE-CoMTE. 
 
 Fontenelle, Bernard le Bovier or le Bouyer 
 de [fo ng t-nel], French writer, VII. 305. 
 Fontenoy [fo Dg -tuh-nwa], village of Belgium, 
 VII. 305. Battle of, 2 be; XIV. 655, 1 c. 
 Fontestorbes [fo ng -ta-torb], intermitting spring, 
 II. 485, 2 b. 
 
 Fontevrault [fo Dg -tuh-vro], order of, VII. 306 ; 
 
 I. 638, 2 a and b; XI. 730, 1 b. 
 
 Fonthill abbey , Beckford’s seat, II. 442, 2 c. 
 Fonvielle, Wilfrid de [fo ng -vybl, French author, 
 VII. 306. 
 
 Foochoo': see Foochow. 
 
 Foochow', city of China, VII. 306. 
 
 Food : see Aliment, Corpulence, and Die¬ 
 tetics. Food of animals, I. 512, 1 a-2 a. 
 Relation between food and work, V. 380,1 c. 
 Fool, jester, VII. 307. 
 
 Foolahs, African people, VII. 308 (ill.). Foo- 
 lah dialect, I. 171, 2 a. 
 
 Fools, Feast of, VII. 309; IV. 551, 1 a. 
 
 FooVs gold , yellow pyrites, XIV. 109, 1 be. 
 FooVs parsley, poisonous plant, XIII. 130, 2 a. 
 Foot, measure, VII. 309. 
 
 Foota, African territory, VII. 309. 
 
 Foota Jallon, African territory, VII. 309. 
 Foote, Andrew Hull, American admiral and 
 author, VII. 310; I. 233, 2 a. 
 
 Foote, Henry Stuart, politician, VII. 310. 
 Foote, Samuel, English dramatist and actor, 
 VII. 310. His satire on the duchess of 
 Kingston, X. 11, 2 a. 
 
 Foot and mouth disease , of cattle, XII. 58, 1 c. 
 Fora'men, in botany, XIII. 587, 2 c. 
 
 Foramen ova'le, of the ear, VI. 351, 2 a. 
 Foraminif'era, protozoa, VII. 311 (ill.). 
 Forbach [for'-ba k h], town of Alsace-Lorraine, 
 VII. 311. Battle of, 2 be. 
 
 Forbes, Duncan, Scottish statesman, VII. 311. 
 Forbes, Edward, English naturalist, VII. 312. 
 Forbes, James David, Scottish physicist, VII. 
 
 313 ; 596, 1 c. See Glacier. 
 
 Forbes, Sir John, British physician and author, 
 VII. 314. 
 
 Forbes castle, I. 23, 1 a. 
 
 Forcade, Eugene [for-kSd], French author, 
 VII. 314. 
 
 Force, in mechanics, defined, XI. 318, 1 b. 
 Centrifugal force, 323, 1 be; centripetsd, 
 2 a (ills.). See Correlation of Forces. 
 Force, Peter, American journalist and histo¬ 
 rian, VII. 314. 
 
 Force bill, against the nullifiers, III. 587, 2 ab; 
 IX. 492, 2 c. Opposed by John Tyler, XVI. 
 88, 2 a. 
 
FORCELLINI 
 
 FORTH 
 
 321 
 
 Forcellini, Egidio [for-chel-le'-ne], Italian 
 lexicographer, YII. 314. 
 
 Forceps, stage, in microscopes, XI. 520, 2 c. 
 Forces , composition and resolution of: see 
 Mechanics, XI. 321, 1 be (ills.). Correla¬ 
 tion of: see Correlation. 
 
 Forcherite , variety of opal, XII. 642, 1 b. 
 FoRCiinAMMER, Johann Georg [for c h'-ham-mer], 
 Danish geologist and chemist, YII. 314. 
 Forcible Entry, in law, YII. 314. 
 
 Ford, two counties, YII. 315. 
 
 Ford, John, English dramatist, YII. 315. 
 
 Ford, Richard, author and traveller, YII. 315. 
 Fordham, part of New York city, YII. 315. 
 St. John’s college, 2 b. 
 
 Fordyce, David, Scottish philosopher, YII. 316. 
 Forecastle, of a ship, XII. 187, 2 b. 
 Foreclosure : see Mortgage. 
 
 Forest, county, YII. 316. 
 
 Forest Cantons, the four , XY. 530, 1 a. 
 
 Forest City (Cleveland), IY. 674, 1 c.' 
 
 Forest City , county seat, XYI. 669, 2 b. 
 
 Forest culture in Germany , YII. 748, 1 ab. 
 Forester, Fanny, pseudonyme, IX. 705, 2 ab. 
 Forest Grove, village of Oregon, YII. 316. 
 Fores'ti, E. Felice, Italian patriot, YII. 316. 
 Forestry , schools of, YI. 431, 1 be. 
 
 Forests, physical influence of, XII. 777, 2 c. 
 Forey, Elie Frederic [fuh-ra], French soldier, 
 YII. 316. 
 
 Forfar, burgh of Scotland, YII. 316. 
 Forfarshire, county of Scotland, YII. 317. 
 Forfeiture, in law, YII. 317. 
 
 Forfic'ula (entomology), YI. 372, 1 b (ill.). 
 Forge, for iron working, YII. 317. 
 
 Forgeries , literary and scientific : see CnASLES, 
 Michel, IY. 329, 2 a; Chatteeton, Thomas; 
 Ireland, William Henry; Lauder, William. 
 Forgery, in law, YII. 318. 
 
 Forget-me-not, plant, YII. 319 (ill.). 
 
 Fork, implement, YII. 320. 
 
 Forkel, Johann Nikolaus, German composer 
 and author, YII. 320. 
 
 Forli, province of Italy, YII. 321. City, 1 b. 
 Forli, Melozzo da, Italian painter, YII. 321. 
 Form, in printing, XIII. 850, 1 a. 
 
 Form and matter, in Aristotle’s philosophy, I. 
 
 706, 2 c; XIII. 438, 1 b. 
 
 Form of Concord: see Concordia Formula. 
 Form of the hare, YIII. 456, 2 ab. 
 
 Formative layer , in plants, XIII. 581, 2 a. 
 Formed scholastics, Jesuit, IX. 626, 2 a. 
 Formes, Karl [for'-mess], German vocalist, YII. 
 321. 
 
 Formic Acid, YII. 321. 
 
 Formosa, island, China sea, YII. 322. 
 
 Formosus, bishop and pope, IX. 646, 2 b. 
 
 Fornarina, La [la for-na-re'-na], mistress of 
 Raphael, YII. 322. 
 
 Forney, John Weiss, American journalist, 
 YII. 322. 
 
 Forrest, Edwin, American actor, YII. 323. 
 
 Forseti [for-sa'-te], in Norse mythology, II. 
 237, 2 a; XII. 120, 2 a. 
 
 For'skal, Peter (Sw. Forslcal, for'-skole), 
 Swedish traveller and naturalist, YII. 323. 
 
 Forste [for'-st&h], town of Prussia, YII. 324. 
 
 For'ster, Ernst Joachim, German painter, YII. 
 324. Friedrich, historian, 1 b. 
 
 Forster, George, English traveller, YII. 324. 
 
 Forster, Heinrich, German pulpit orator, YII. 
 324. 
 
 Forster, Johann Reinhold, German traveller 
 and naturalist, YII. 324. Johann Georg 
 Adam, 325, 1 a. 
 
 Forster, John, English journalist and author, 
 YII. 325. 
 
 Forster, William Edward, statesman, YII. 325. 
 
 Forsyth [for-sithe'J, two counties, YII. 325. 
 
 Forsyth, county seats, XI. 759, 2 b; XY. 565, 
 1 a. 
 
 FoRSYTn, William, English author, YII. 326. 
 
 Fort: see Fortification, YII. 329, 2 a. 
 
 Fort Bend, county, YII. 326. 
 
 Fort Benton, county seat, IY. 520, 1 c. 
 
 Fort Bowyer, assault upon, IX. 489, 2 b. 
 
 Fort Carillon (Ticonderoga), XY. 737, 2 c. 
 
 Fort de France: see Fort Royal. 
 
 Fort Dodge, city of Iowa, YII. 326. 
 
 Fort Donelson and Fort Henry, YII. 326. 
 
 Fort Duquesne [dii-kain]: see Pittsburgh, 
 XIII. 556, 2 b; Washington, XYI. 484, 2 a, 
 485, 2 a, b. 
 
 Forte [fort], in fencing, YII. 120, 2 a. 
 
 Forte [for'-ta], in music, XII. 78, 1 b. 
 
 Forte di Terra, castle, III. 288, 2 ab (ill.). 
 
 Fort Edward, village of New York, YII. 327. 
 
 Forte piano [for'-ta pya'-no], musical instru¬ 
 ment, XII. 92, 1 a. See Pianoforte. 
 
 For'tescue, Sir John, English lawyer, YII. 327. 
 
 Fort Fisher, attacked and captured, XYI. 649, 
 1 be; XIII. 724, 1 c; III. 490, 1 b. 
 
 Fort Gaines, town of Georgia, YII. 327. 
 
 Fort Garry, Manitoba: see Winnipeg. 
 
 Fort George, ruins of, IY. 577, 1 a (Caldwell). 
 
 Fort Griswold, massacre of, YIII. 269, 1 c. 
 
 Forth, river of Scotland, YII. 327. Frith of 
 Forth, 2 be. 
 
 21 
 
322 
 
 FORT HENRY 
 
 FOUCAULT 
 
 Fort Henry: see Fort Donelson. 
 
 Fort Hill , in Auburn, N. Y., II. 100, 2 a. 
 
 Fort hill , in Boston, III. 116, 1 b. 
 
 Fortification, YII. 327. Permanent fortifi¬ 
 cations, 328,1 a; primitive and ancient, 1 ab ; 
 mediaeval, 2 a; modern, 2 be. Mode of 
 fortifying a position, 329, 1 b (ill.). Bas- 
 tioned or Italian system, 328, 2 c; 330, 1 b 
 (ill., 331). Dutch, French, Spanish, Swedish, 
 and German schools, 332, 1 a, ff. Polygonal 
 or German system, 2 ab. General remarks, 
 333, 2 a. Selection of the points to be forti¬ 
 fied, 2 c. Disadvantages of casemates and 
 embrasures, 334,1 c. Armament, 2 a. Tem¬ 
 porary or field fortifications, 2 b. Construc¬ 
 tion of field works, 335, 2 ab; examples of 
 their use, 336, 1 ab. See Siege. 
 
 Fort Jackson : see New Orleans, XII. 329,1 a. 
 
 Fort Jefferson , Florida, YI. 278, 2 a. 
 
 Fort Kearney , county seat, IX. 778, 2 b. 
 
 Fort Madison, city of Iowa, VII. 336. 
 
 Fort Monroe : see Fortress Monroe (Index). 
 
 Fort Montgomery , county seat, VIII. 142, 1 b. 
 
 Fort Moultrie : see Moultrie, Fort. 
 
 Fort Orange , Albany, N. Y., I. 248, 2 a; XII. 
 371, 1 b; XYI. 151, 1 c. 
 
 Fort Poinsett , Florida, III. 751, 2 ab. 
 
 Fort Putnam , on the Hudson, IX. 30, 1 ab. 
 
 Fort Pandall , county seat, XY. 787, 1 a. 
 
 Fortress: see Fortification, YII. 329, 2 a. 
 
 Fortress Monroe , Virginia, XIII. 638, 1 a 
 (Fort Monroe). Artillery school at, ib., and 
 XI. 538, 1 c. Architect of, II. 575, 2 b. 
 
 Fort Pipley , Charleston harbor, IV. 314, 2 a. 
 
 Fort Royal [for rwa-yal], capital of Marti¬ 
 nique, YII. 336. 
 
 Fort St. David, town of India, YII. 336. 
 
 Fort St. George , India, presidency of, X. 831,1 b. 
 
 Fort Scott, city of Kansas, YII. 336. 
 
 Fort Smith, city of Arkansas, YII. 336. 
 
 Fort Stockton, county seat, XIII. 222, 2 c. 
 
 Fort Sumter: see Sumter, Fort. 
 
 Fort Taylor , Key West, IX. 817, 2 c. 
 
 Fort Ticonderoga , YII. 713, 1 a. See Ticon- 
 deroga, and Allen, Ethan. 
 
 Fortu'na, goddess, YII. 337. Temple of For- 
 tuna Muliebris, Y. 355, 2 c. Temple of 
 Fortuna in Palestrina, XIII. 9, 1 c. 
 
 Fortunate Islands : see Canary Islands. 
 
 Fortunatus, collection of popular tales, YII. 
 337. 
 
 Fortune , goddess: see Fortuna (Index). 
 
 Fortune, Robert, Scottish botanist, YII. 337. 
 
 Fort Vancouver, county seat, IY. 638, 2 c. 
 
 Fort Wayne, city of Indiana, YII. 337. 
 
 Fort William Henry , New York, YII. 713, 
 lb; XY. 737, 2 c. 
 
 Fort Worth, county seat, XY. 574, 1 a. 
 
 Forty-five, the, royal body guard, YII. 382, 2 c. 
 
 Fort Yukon, Alaska, I. 240, 1 a. 
 
 Forum, YII. 338. F. Romanum, 1 c, and XFV 
 409, 2 c. F. Julium or Caesaris, XIY. 410 ; 
 1 a. F. Augusti, ib. F. Nervae or transi- 
 torium, ib. F. Trajani, ib. (ill., 413) ; its 
 pavement, XIII. 191, 2 be. 
 
 Forum Cornelii, ancient town, IX. 197, 1 be. 
 
 Forum Judicum, collection of Visigoth laws, 
 VII. 520, 1 be. 
 
 Forum Julii , towns: .see Fr£jus, and Friuli. 
 
 Forum Livii, ancient town, YII. 321, 1 b, c. 
 
 Forum Sempronii: see Fossombrone. 
 
 Forwarding Merchant, YII. 338 ; XYI. 451, 
 1 b. 
 
 Foscari, Francesco [fos'-ka-re], doge of Venice, 
 YII. 340. Persecution of his son Jacopo, 1 c. 
 “ The Two Foscari,” 2 a. 
 
 Fos'colo, Nicolo Ugo, Italian poet and miscel¬ 
 laneous writer, YII. 340. 
 
 Fosite [fo-ze'-teh], in German mythology, XII. 
 120, 2 a. 
 
 Fossa Clodia and Clugia : see Chioggia. 
 
 Fossane (pale genet), YII. 668, 1 b. 
 
 Fossano [fos-sa'-no], town of Italy, YII. 340. 
 
 Fosses des Bagaudes [foce da ba-gode], place of 
 a battle, II. 215, 1 a. 
 
 Fossil, YII. 341. Definition of, XII. 808, 2 b. 
 Distribution of fossils in the geologic strata, 
 YII. 691, 1 ab: see Palaeontology. Fact 
 of their existence and extinction established 
 by Cuvier, Y. 600, 1 b. 
 
 Fossil fishes, Agassiz’s new classification of, I. 
 174, 2 c; YII. 240, 2 c. 
 
 Fossil Footprints, YII. 341. 
 
 Fossil shells, early investigations concerning, 
 YII. 687, 2 b. * 
 
 Fossombro'ne, town of Italy, YII. 343. 
 
 Foster, county, YII. 343. 
 
 Foster, Birket, English artist, YII. 343. 
 
 Foster, James, preacher, YII. 343. 
 
 Foster, John, preacher and essayist, YII. 343. 
 
 Foster, John Wells, American geologist and 
 archmologist, YII. 343. 
 
 Foster, Randolph S., clergyman, YII. 344. 
 
 Foster, Stephen Collins, ballad composer, YII. 
 344. 
 
 Foth'eringay, parish and village of England, 
 YII. 344. Castle of, 2 a. 
 
 Foucault, L6on [foo-ko], French natural phi- 
 
fouche 
 
 FRACTION 
 
 323 
 
 losopher, VII. 344. Translucency of a film 
 of silver shown by him, X. 438, 1 c. Ilis 
 experiments showing the earth’s rotary mo¬ 
 tion, VI. 358, 2 c. 
 
 Fouche, Joseph [foo-sha], French revolutionist 
 and minister of police, VII. 344. 
 
 Foucquct: see Fouquet. 
 
 Foug^res [foo-zhair], town of France, VII. 345. 
 
 Foul , in prize ring, XIV. 74, 1 be. 
 
 Foul or fair, in base-ball playing, II. 356, 1 c. 
 
 Fould, Acliille [foold], French statesman and 
 financier, VII. 346. 
 
 Foulis, Robert [fow'-lis], Scottish printer, VII. 
 346. Andrew, ib. 
 
 Foundation , members on the, at Oxford, XII. 
 764, 1 c. 
 
 Founder , horse disease, XVI. 335, 2 a. 
 
 Foundery : see Casting. 
 
 Foundery chapel , London: see Wesley, XVI. 
 557, 1 c. 
 
 Foundling Hospital, VII. 346. Treatment of 
 foundlings in ancient times, 2 a. Foundling 
 hospitals in the middle ages, 347, 1 ab; in 
 modern times, 2 a, ff. 
 
 Fountain, county, VII. 351. 
 
 Fountain , in heraldry, VIII. 672, 2 c. 
 
 Fountain Hill , county seat, II. 6, 2 a. 
 
 Fountain of youth, imaginary, II. 644, 2 ab. 
 
 Fouque, Friedrich Heinrich Karl de la Motte, 
 baron [foo-ka'], German novelist, VII. 351. 
 
 Fouquet, Nicolas, marquis [foo-ka], French 
 minister of finance, VII. 351; X. 656, 1 c. 
 His patronage of literature and art, referred 
 to, 102, 2 b; patronage of La Fontaine, ib. 
 
 Fouquieria (botany), X. 267, 1 be. 
 
 Fouquiee-Tinville, Antoine Quentin [foo-kya- 
 ta ng -veel], French revolutionist, VII. 351. 
 
 “ Four articles ,” the , of the Gallican church, 
 IX. 265, 1 b. 
 
 Fourcroy, Antoine Frangois, count [foor- 
 krwa], French chemist, VII. 351. See Chem¬ 
 istry, IV. 364, 1 b. His services to French 
 education, 365, 1 a. 
 
 Fourcroy'a Guben'se (botany), referred to, VIII. 
 549, 1 c. 
 
 Fourdrinier paper-making machine [foor-dre- 
 neer'], XIII. 49, 2 a (ill.); 52, 1 a. 
 
 Four-eyes, fish : see Anableps. 
 
 Fourier, Frangois Marie Charles [foo-re-a], 
 French writer on social science, VII. 352. 
 Works, 353, 1 b, ff. Diffusion of his doc¬ 
 trines, 2 c. Leading principles, 354, 1 a. 
 
 Fourier, Jean Baptiste Joseph, baron, French 
 savant, VII. 355. 
 
 Fourier, Pierre, French religious reformer, 
 VII. 352. 
 
 Fourier's theorem: see Sound, XV. 178, 1 b. 
 
 Four lake region , in Wisconsin, X. 821, 2 b. 
 
 Fourneyeon, Benoit [foor-na-ro“ g ], French in¬ 
 ventor, VII. 355. 
 
 Fournier, Edouard [foor-nya], French author, 
 VII. 355. 
 
 Fournier , Jacques de (Pope Benedict XII.), II. 
 518, 2 a. 
 
 Four o'clock , plant: see Marvel of Peru, and 
 IX. 509, 1 a. 
 
 Fovilla , in plants, XIII. 587, 1 c. 
 
 Fowl , domestic: see Cock (Index). 
 
 Fowler, Orson Squire, American phrenologist, 
 VII. 355. Lorenzo Niles, phrenologist, 356, 
 1 a. Lydia Folger, physician, 1 b. 
 
 Fowler's solution , remedy forpoison, IV. 772,2a. 
 
 Fowling Piece, VII. 356. Varieties of bar¬ 
 rels, 2 ab. Mode of manufacture, 357, 1 b. 
 Breech-loading fowling pieces, 2 b. 
 
 Fox, carnivorous animal, VII. 358. American 
 red fox, 2 a (ill.). Cross and silver fox, 2 b. 
 European red fox, 2 be (ill., 359). Prairie 
 fox, 359, 1 b. Arctic fox, 2 a (ill.). Gray 
 fox, 2 ab. Fur of the black, silver, cross, 
 white, and red fox, 537, 2 a, ff. 
 
 Fox, Charles James, English statesman and 
 orator, VII. 359. Fox’s libel act, X. 395, 2 b. 
 
 Fox, George, founder of the society of Friends, 
 VII. 361; 493, 2 c; 495, 1 be. 
 
 Fox, John, English author, VII. 361. “ Fox’s 
 
 Book of Martyrs,” 362, 1 a; XI. 215, 1 a. 
 
 Fox , Mary: see Liechtenstein, X. 416, 1 c. 
 
 Fox, William Johnson, English clergyman and 
 politician, VII. 362. 
 
 Foxes, tribe of Indians, VII. 362. 
 
 Fox family: see Spiritualism, XV. 276, 1 c. 
 
 Foxglove, plant: see Digitalis. 
 
 Fox Hound : see Hound. 
 
 Fox Islands : see Aleutian Islands. 
 
 Fox River, of Wisconsin, VII. 363. Of Wis¬ 
 consin and Illinois, 2 a. 
 
 Fox-tail grass , XI. 556, 1 c. 
 
 Foxton , E ., pseudonyme, XIII. 10, 2 c. 
 
 Foy, Maximilien Sebastien [fwa], French sol¬ 
 dier and orator, VII. 363. 
 
 F. P., abbreviation: see Fasti, VII. 93, 2 a. 
 
 Fra Bartolommeo : see Bartolommeo. 
 
 Fracastoro [fra-kas-to'-ro], (Girolamo, celebra¬ 
 ted Italian physician and poet, 1483-1553), 
 his views of geology, VII. 687, 2 be. 
 
 Fraction, in mathematics, VII. 363. Discov¬ 
 ery of continued fractions, IX. 98, 1 c. 
 
su 
 
 FRACTURE 
 
 FRANCISCANS 
 
 Fracture, in surgery, VII. 364. 
 
 Fragaria (botany), XV. 414. F. Virginiana, 
 2 a. F. vesca, 2 b (ill.). F. Chilensis, or F. 
 grandiflora, 2 c. F. Indica, 415, 1 a. 
 
 Frames , of a ship, XIV. 862, 2 be. 
 Framingham, town of Massachusetts, VII. 365. 
 Franc [Fr. fra ng ], monetary unit, VII. 365. 
 Fkanqais, Antoine, count [fra ng -sa], French 
 politician and author, VII. 365. 
 
 Franqais, Francois Louis, painter, VII. 366. 
 Frangais de Nantes : see Franqais, Antoine. 
 France, VII. 366. (Map.) Coast, 1 c. Topog¬ 
 raphy, 367, 1 a. Hydrography, 1 c. Geol¬ 
 ogy, 2 c. Soil, 368, 1 b. Climate, 1 be. 
 Vegetable products, 2 a; flora, 2 c. Animals, 
 369,1 a. Minerals, 1 c. Political divisions, 
 2 b. Population, 370, 2 a. Agriculture, 
 
 371, 2 b. Manufactures, 2 c. Commerce, 
 
 372, 1 c. Intercommunication, 373, 2 a. 
 Government, 374,1 a. Religion, 2 be. Re¬ 
 formed church of France, IX. 38, 1 b. Edu¬ 
 cation,. VII. 375, 1 be. Public institutions, 
 376, 1 a. Finances, 1 be. Army, 377, 2 a. 
 Military divisions, 1 c. Fortresses, 378, 1 a. 
 Navy, 1 b.. Colonial possessions, 1 c.—Histo¬ 
 ry, 2 b. Merovingian dynasty, 2 c. Carlo- 
 vingian, 379, 2 a. Capetian, 380,1 be. House 
 of Valois, 381,1 a. “ Hundred years’ war,” 
 ib. House of Orleans, 2 c. Reformation in, 
 
 382, 1 b: see Huguenots. House of Bour¬ 
 bon, VII. 382, 2 c. Reign of Louis XIV., 
 
 383, 1 c; of Louis XV., 384, 1 ab; of Louis 
 XVI., 1 c. First French re-volution, 385,2 ab. 
 The directory, 389, 2 c. Consulate and em¬ 
 pire, 390, 2 c. Restoration, 391, 1 b. Revo¬ 
 lution of 1830, 1 c; of 1848, 2 ab. Empire 
 reestablished, 2 c. Crimean war, 392, 1 a. 
 Franco-Italian war, 1 c. Intervention in 
 Mexico, 2 ab. Franco-German war, 394, 
 2 ab. Republic proclaimed, 397, 1 b. Thiers 
 elected president, 398, 2 c. Commune, 399, 
 1 c: see Commune de Paris.. MacMahon 
 elected president, 400, 2 c» 
 
 France, Isle of: see Mauritius. 
 
 France, Language and Literature of, VII. 401. 
 Dialects and patois, 402, 2 b. Authors of 
 French grammars, 403, 1 ab. Literature, 
 1 c; early, ib. ; of the 16th century, 404, 
 
 1 ab; of the 17th, 2 a. Age of Louis XIV., 
 
 2 ab; IX. 36, 2 a. Age of Louis XV., VII. 
 405, 2 b. Modern literature, 406, 2 b. 
 
 France , Roman , so styled, XIII. 278, 1 b. Teu¬ 
 tonic, ib. 
 
 France, "Wines of, VII. 410. Wines of Gi¬ 
 
 ronde (Bordeaux), 2 a; of Roussillon, 411, 
 2 ab; of the valley of the Rh6ne, 412, 1 a; 
 of Burgundy, 2 c ; of Champagne, 413, 2 a; 
 of other districts, 414, 2 be. 
 
 “ France and Commerce ,” Swedish faction, VIII. 
 339, 1 a. 
 
 Franche-Comte [fra ng sh-ko ng -ta], ancient prov¬ 
 ince of France, VII. 415. 
 
 Franchi, Ausonio [fran'-ke], Italian philoso¬ 
 pher, VII. 415; XIII. 445, 1 be. 
 
 Franchise [fra ng -sheez], revolutionary name of 
 Arras, I. 764, 1 c. 
 
 Francia, Francesco [fran'-cha], Bolognese 
 painter, VII. 415. 
 
 Francia, Jos6 Gaspar Rodriguez (Dr. Francia), 
 [fran'-se-a], dictator of Paraguay, VII. 415. 
 
 Franciade [fra llg -se-ad], in the French revolu¬ 
 tionary calendar, III. 580, 1 c. 
 
 Francina [fra ng -se'-na], Descartes’s androides, 
 II. 55, 1 b. 
 
 Francis, name of several European sovereigns, 
 VII. 416. 
 
 I. FRANCE. 
 
 Francis I., king of France, VII. 416. 
 
 Francis II., king of France, VII. 418. 
 
 II. GERMANY AND AUSTRIA. 
 
 Francis I. (Stephen), emperor of Germany, 
 VII. 419. 
 
 Francis II., emperor of Germany (I. of Aus¬ 
 tria), VII. 419. 
 
 Francis Joseph, emperor of Austria, VII. 421. 
 
 III. TWO SICILIES. 
 
 Francis I., king of the Two Sicilies, VII. 421. 
 
 Francis II., king of the Two Sicilies, VII. 421. 
 
 Francis, Convers, American clergyman and 
 author, VII. 422. 
 
 FranciSy John , sculptor: see Thornycroft. 
 
 Francis, John Wakefield, American physician 
 and author, VII. 422. 
 
 Francis, Sir Philip, British politician and 
 pamphleteer, VII. 422; IX. 717, 1 c. 
 
 Francis of Assisi [as-se'-ze], Saint, founder of 
 the Franciscan order, VII. 423. 
 
 Francis of Paula [Ital. pow'-la], Saint, foun¬ 
 der of the order of Minims, VII. 424. 
 
 Francis de Sales [Fr. dhh sal], saint and bish¬ 
 op, VII. 424. Instruction of a deaf mute by 
 him, V. 731, 1 a. 
 
 Franciscans, religious order, VII. 425; XI. 
 730, 1 be. Their rivalry with the Domini¬ 
 cans, VII. 426, 2 c; VI. 203, 2 b. 
 
FRANCK 
 
 FRAT 
 
 325 
 
 Franck, Adolphe, French philosopher, VII. 427. 
 Francke, August Hermann [frank '-k8h], Ger¬ 
 man preacher, founder of the orphan house 
 at Halle, VII. 427. 
 
 Franco-Austrian war: see Franco-Italian war 
 (Index). 
 
 Franqois, Jean Charles [fra ng -swa], French 
 engraver, VII. 427. Charles Remy Jules, 2 b. 
 Franco-German war, VII. 314, 2 ab ; 760, 1 ab; 
 III. 54, 1 a; X. 800, 1 a. Origin of, VIII. 
 763, lb; II. 517, 2 c. 
 
 Franco-Italian war, IX. 452, lb; II. 665, 2 c; 
 III. 51, 1 b; IV. 156, 1 c; VII. 755, 2 c; 
 XVI. 343, 2 c. 
 
 Fran'colin, bird, VII. 427 (ill., 428). 
 Francoli'nus (ornithology), VII. 427, 2 be. F. 
 vulgaris, 2 c (ill., 428). 
 
 Franconia, old duchy of Germany, VII. 428. 
 Upper, Middle, and Lower, provinces of 
 Bavaria, 1 c, 2 a, ab. 
 
 Franconian dynasty, in Germany,VII. 753,1 b. 
 Franconia Notch: see White Mountains, 
 XVI. 606, 2 c, ff. 
 
 Franco-Prussian war: see Franco- German 
 war (Index). 
 
 Fran'eker, town of the Netherlands, VII. 428. 
 Frank, Johann Peter [frank], German physi¬ 
 cian, VII. 428. Joseph, 429, 1 a. 
 
 Frankel, Zacharias, rabbi and author, VII. 429. 
 Frankenhausen [fran'-ken-how-zen], town of 
 Germany, VII. 429. 
 
 Frankenstein [fran'-ken-stine], town of Prus¬ 
 sia, VII. 429. 
 
 Frankfort, city of Kentucky, VII. 429. 
 Frankfort, county seats, IV. 685, 2 a; XI. 
 787, 2 b. 
 
 Frankfort black, VI. 655, 2 c; X. 132, 1 be. 
 Frankfort-on-the-Main, city of Germany, 
 VII. 429. Romer or council house, 2 c 
 (ill., 430). History, 431, 1 a. 
 Frankfort-on-the-Oder, city of Prussia, VII. 
 431. 
 
 Frankfurt am Main [frank'-foort am mine]: 
 
 see Frankfort-on-the-Main. 
 Frank'incense, VII. 431. Olibanum, 2 b (ill.). 
 Franking ‘privilege , in Great Britain, XIII. 
 748, 2 b, 749, 1 b; in the United States, 
 753, 1 a. 
 
 Frankish empire, VII. 738, 2 b. 
 
 Frankish race, extent of the, VII. 739, 1 b. 
 Frankl, Ludwig August [frank’l], German 
 poet, VII. 432. 
 
 Franklin, name of 22 counties, VII. 432. 
 Franklin, borough of Pennsylvania, VII. 435. 
 
 Town of Tennessee, 1 b. Town of Louisi¬ 
 ana, 1 c. City of Indiana, ib. 
 
 Franklin, county seats, VI. 553, 1 c; VIII. 
 556, 2 b; X. 803, 1 c; XIII. 246, 1 c; XV. 
 60, 2 b. 
 
 Franklin, Benjamin, American philosopher 
 and statesman, VII. 435. His theory of 
 electricity, VI. 512, 1 b. Identity of light¬ 
 ning and electricity first proved by him, X. 
 463, 2 b. Lightning rod invented by him, 
 465, 1 c. His postal reforms, XIII. 750, 2 b. 
 His connection with Arthur Lee, X. 295,1 b. 
 His efforts for the amelioration of the con¬ 
 dition of the insane, referred to, IX. 298, 1 a. 
 His belief in dreams, VI. 255, 1 ab. His 
 views on political economy, XIII. 674, 2 a. 
 Style, XVI. 189, 2 be.—William Temple 
 Franklin, VII. 439, 2 b. 
 
 Franklin , James , brother of Benjamin Frank¬ 
 lin, VII. 435, 2 b, ff.; XII. 342, 1 b. 
 
 Franklin, Sir John, English naval officer and 
 arctic explorer, VII. 439. First arctic ex¬ 
 pedition, I. 670, 1 a; second, 2 b; third, 
 671, 1 c, 2 b; last, 673, 1 c. Expeditions in 
 search of him, 673, 2 b, ff.—Eleanor Ann, 
 his first wife, poetess, VII. 441, 1 a. Lady 
 Jane, his second wife, 1 b. 
 
 Franklin, state of: see Tennessee, XV. 649, 
 2 a. 
 
 Franklin, William, governor of New Jersey, 
 VII. 441. 
 
 Franklin, William Buel, American soldier, 
 VII. 441. 
 
 Franklinite, mineral, VII. 442 ; IX. 410, 1 a. 
 
 Franklin and Marshall college, X. 135, 2 a. 
 
 Franks, German tribes, VII. 442. 
 
 Franks , apostle of the : see Remy. 
 
 Frankstown, county seat, VI. 222, 2 c. 
 
 Franz, Robert [frants], German composer, VII. 
 443. 
 
 Franz , on conduction of heat, VIII. 572, 1 c. 
 
 Franzensveste [frants'-ence-fes-t&h], fort, III. 
 301, 2 a. 
 
 Fra Paolo [fra pow'-lo]: see Sarpi. 
 
 Frascati [fras-ka'-te], town of Italy, VII. 443. 
 
 Fraschint, Gaetano [fras-ke'-ne], Italian vo¬ 
 calist, VII. 443. 
 
 Fraser, Alexander Campbell, Scottish meta¬ 
 physician, VII. 443. 
 
 Fraser, Charles, American artist, VII. 443. 
 
 Fraser, Simon: see Lovat, Lord. 
 
 Frasera Walteri (botany), V. 122, 2 c. 
 
 Fraser River : see British Columbia. 
 
 Frat, river: see Euphrates. 
 
326 
 
 FRATERCULA 
 
 FREDERICK 
 
 Frater'cula (ornithology), II. 117, 1 c. F. 
 arctica, 2 a. 
 
 Fraternities : see Guild. 
 
 Fraternity of the Holy Gross: see Rosicru- 
 cians, XIY. 441, 1 c. 
 
 Fratres et Clerici Vita, Communis, III. 255, 1 c. 
 
 Fraud, in law, VII. 444. 
 
 Frauds, Statute of, VII. 445. 
 
 Frauenburg [frow'-en-boorg], to\vn of Prus¬ 
 sia, VII. 447. 
 
 Frauenfeld, town of Switzerland, VII. 447. 
 
 Frauenstadt, Christian Martin Julius [-stet], 
 German philosopher, VII. 447. 
 
 Fraunhofer, Joseph von [frown'-ho-fer], Ger¬ 
 man optician, VII. 448. Fraunhofer’s lines, 
 lb; I. 38, 2 b; X. 441, 1 b; XV. 240, 1 a, 
 242, 2 b, 252, 1 ab. Their coincidence with 
 the lines of iron and calcium (ill.), 252. 
 Photographs of, 247, 2 c. Discovery of the 
 cause of, X. 15, 2 ab. Seen in the spectra 
 of the red and blue stars, XV. 253, 1 c. 
 
 Fraustadt, town of Prussia, VII. 448. 
 
 Frax'inus (botany), I. 805, 2 c. F. acuminata 
 and other species, 806, 1 a. F. ornus, 1 be; 
 XI. 118, 1 ab (ill.). 
 
 Fray Gerundio [fri k ha-roon'-£Ae-o], sobriquet, 
 IX. 427, 2 c. Nom de plume, X. 103, 2 b. 
 
 Frayssixous, Denis Luc [fra-se-noo], French 
 prelate and statesman, VII. 448. 
 
 Frazer gun , I. 792, 2 b; 793, 1 c. 
 
 Freckles , cause of, V. 192, 1 a. 
 
 Fredegonda, queen of Neustria, VIII. 448; 
 III. 357, 2 b, c. 
 
 Fredericia: see Fridericia. 
 
 Frederick:, two counties, VII. 448. 
 
 Frederick, city, VII. 449. 
 
 Frederick , county seat, X. 821, 1 c. 
 
 Frederick, name of several monarchs and 
 princes, VII. 449. 
 
 . I. BADEN. 
 
 Frederick I., grand duke, VII. 449. 
 
 II. BOHEMIA. 
 
 Frederick, elector palatine (V.) and king of 
 Bohemia, VII. 449. See Elizabeth Stuart. 
 
 III. DENMARK. 
 
 Frederick /., king of Denmark, duke of Schles¬ 
 wig and Holstein, IV. 526, 1 b, 2 a and b ; 
 VI. 13, 1 c. 
 
 Frederick III., IV, V : see Denmark, VI. 
 13, 2 a, ff. 
 
 Frederick VI., king of Denmark, VII. 449. 
 
 Frederick VII., king of Denmark, VII. 450. 
 
 IV. GERMANY. 
 
 Frederick I. (Barbarossa), emperor of Ger¬ 
 many, VII. 450. Crowned by Pope Adrian 
 IV. with humiliating ceremonies, 2 c. Quar¬ 
 rel with him, I. 131, 2 c. Sets up antipopes 
 against Alexander III., VII. 451, 1 a; hum¬ 
 bles himself to him, 1 be; I. 279, 1 c. Lead.- 
 er of the third crusade, VII. 451, 1 c; V. 
 529, 2 a. 
 
 Frederick II., emperor of Germany, and king 
 of Naples and Sicily, VII. 451. 
 
 Frederick III., king of Germany: see Louis 
 IV., the Bavarian. 
 
 Frederick III., the Pacific (Frederick IV. as 
 king of Germany, and V. as archduke of 
 Austria), emperor of Germany, VII. 452. 
 
 v. hesse-cassel. 
 
 Frederick William, elector, VII. 453. 
 
 vi. mecklenburg-schwerin. 
 Frederick Francis II., grand duke, VII. 453. 
 
 VII. PRUSSIA (including Brandenburg). 
 
 Frederick William (the Great Elector), elec¬ 
 tor of Brandenburg, VII. 453. 
 
 Frederick I., first king of Prussia, VII. 454. 
 Frederick William I., king, VII. 454. 
 Frederick II., king of Prussia (Frederick the 
 Great), VII. 455. First Silesian war, 456, 
 
 1 a. War of the Austrian succession, 1 b. 
 Second Silesian war, 1 c. Seven years’ war, 
 
 2 be. His dislike for Seckendorf, XIV. 744, 
 2 b ; harsh treatment of, 2 c. Military or¬ 
 ganization and tactics, I. 748, 1 c, ff.; IV. 
 145, 2 a. His treatment of Lafayette, X. 
 97, 2 b; of Lagrange, 105, 2 b. His rela¬ 
 tions with Pollnitz, XIII. 683, 1 a; with 
 Voltaire, XVI. 406, 1 b, ff.; with the United 
 States during the revolutionary war, X. 296, 
 1 a. Interview with Prince Leopold, X. 
 357, 2 ab; his rebuke of the latter, 2 b. 
 Opposition of the empress Elizabeth to him, 
 VI. 538, 1 b. Statue of, II. 565, 2 c (ill., 
 564). 
 
 Frederick William II., VII. 458. 
 
 Frederick William III., VII. 459. 
 
 Frederick William IV., VII. 460. 
 
 Frederick Charles Nicholas, prince of Prus¬ 
 sia, VII. 461. 
 
 Frederick William Nicholas Charles, crown 
 prince of Prussia, VII. 462. 
 
 VIII. SAXONY. 
 
 Frederick III. (the Wise), elector, VII. 462. 
 
FREDERICK 
 
 FRENCH 
 
 327 
 
 Frederick Augustus I., first king, VII. 462. 
 Frederick Augustus II., V r II. 463. 
 
 IX. WURTEMBERG. 
 
 Frederick I., first king, VII. 463. 
 
 Frederick (son of William I., king of the Neth¬ 
 erlands), prince and general, II. 491, 2 be; 
 XVI. 633, 2 b. 
 
 Frederick III. , duke of Holstein-Gottorp, be¬ 
 trayal of Denmark by, IV. 527, 2 b. 
 Frederick , prince of Wales, hated by bis father, 
 George II., VII. 704, 2 c. 
 
 Frederick Henry, of Nassau, stadtbolder, XI. 
 
 288, 2 a; XII. 248, 1 c, 2 a. 
 Fredericksburg, city of Virginia, VII. 463. 
 Fredericksburg , county seat, VII. 810, 2 c. 
 Fredericksburg, Battle of, VII. 463. Map, 464. 
 Fredericton, capital of New Brunswick, VII. 
 
 466. Christ church, 2 a (ilk). 
 Frederiksborg, Danish royal palace, VII. 467. 
 Frederikshald, or Frederikshall [fred'«er-iks- 
 hal], seaport of Norway, VII. 467. Death 
 of Charles XII. at, IV. 306, 2 c. 
 Frederikshamn [-hown], Finland, VII. 467. 
 Frederikstad, town of Norway, VII. 467. 
 Frederiksteen [-stain], fortress of, VII. 467,1 b. 
 Fredonia, village of New York, VII. 467. 
 Fredonia , county seat, XVI. 650, 1 c. 
 
 Fredonia , United States storeship, wrecked by 
 a tidal wave, I. 701, 2 c. 
 
 Free Baptists: see Freewill Baptists, VII. 
 473, 2 a. 
 
 Free'born, county, VII. 467. 
 
 “ Free-born John ,” sobriquet, X. 469, 1 b. 
 Free Churcii of Scotland, VII. 467; XIII. 
 811, 2 a. 
 
 Free congregations , in Germany, VII. 736, 2 c. 
 Freedmen, VII. 469. In Rome, 1 be; XIII. 
 
 169, 1 c. In the United States, VII. 469,2 a. 
 Freehold: see Estate, VI. 738, 1 a; XIV. 
 228, 2 a, 267, 2 c. 
 
 Freehold , county seat, XI. 753, 2 b. 
 
 Freeman, Edward Augustus, English historical 
 writer, VII. 470. 
 
 Freeman, James, American clergyman, VII. 470. 
 Freemasonry, VII. 470. Suppressed in Rus¬ 
 sia, I. 283, 2 a. 
 
 Freemasons , mediaeval fraternity of, I. 663, 1 c. 
 
 Lodges of, 2 a. See VII. 471, 1 a. 
 
 Freemen , in the feudal system, VII. 162, 1 a. 
 Freeport, city of Illinois, VII. 472. 
 
 F'eeport , county seat, V. 442, 2 c. 
 
 Free religious movement , so called, VII. 511,1c. 
 Feeesoilers, political party, VII. 472; I. 83, 
 
 1 b; XV. 100,1 c; 596, 2 c. Coalition with 
 the democrats, II. 286, 1 b. 
 
 Freestone, county, VII. 473. 
 
 Free Thinkers, VII. 473. 
 
 Freetown, capital of Sierra Leone, VII. 473. 
 Free trade , opposed and favored: see Politi¬ 
 cal Economy, XIII. 671, 2 b, 674, 2 a; 
 Peel, Sir Robert, 225, 1 c, ff.; Calhoun, 
 III. 586, 2 a, b; Excise, VII. 23, 2 be ; Tax¬ 
 es, XV. 589, 1 be. 
 
 Free'will Baptists, VII. 473 ; II. 293, 2 a. 
 Freezing, Artificial, VII. 474. 
 
 Freiberg [fri'-bairg], town of Saxony, VII. 475. 
 Freibergite , mineral, XV. 50, 1 c. 
 
 Freiburg [fri'-boorg], city of Baden, VII. 475. 
 
 Cathedral of, 1 c (ilk). 
 
 Freiburg, Switzerland : see Fribourg. 
 Freiburg unterm Fukstenstein [oon'-term 
 fur'-sten-stine], town of Prussia, VII. 475. 
 Freight : see Shipping. 
 
 Freiligrath, Ferdinand [fri'-le-grat], German 
 poet, VII. 475. (Died 1876.) 
 
 Freising [frl'-zing], town of Bavaria, VII. 476. 
 Freisingen : see Freising. 
 
 Frejus [fra-zhus], town of France, VII. 476. 
 Frelighsburg , county seat, XI. 650, 1 c. 
 Frelinghuysen, Frederick [fre'-ling-bl-zen] 
 American statesman, VII. 476. Theodore, 
 
 2 c. Frederick Theodore, 477, 1 a. 
 
 Fremiet, Emmanuel [fra-mya], French sculp¬ 
 tor, VII. 477. 
 
 Fre'mont, two counties, VII. 477. 
 
 Fremont, city of Ohio, VII. 477. 
 
 Fremont', John Charles (Fr. Fremont, frii-md 0 *), 
 American explorer and soldier, VII. 477. Ex¬ 
 peditions across the continent, 478,1 ab, ff.; 
 480, 1 ab. Candidate for the presidency, 
 lb. Service during the civil war, 1 c. Sec¬ 
 ond nomination for the presidency, 2 a. 
 Fremontin , judge, summoned before Andrew 
 Jackson, IX. 491, 2 c. 
 
 Fremont" 1 s Basin: see Great Basin. 
 
 Fremont's peak, VII. 478, 1 b ; XIV. 376, 1 c; 
 XVI. 749, 2 c. 
 
 Fremy, Edmond [fra-me], French chemist, VII. 
 480. His theory of fermentation, 145, 1 a. 
 Arnould, novelist, 480, 2 be. 
 
 French, county, VII. 480. 
 
 French academy: see Academy, I. 50, 2 c, ff. 
 {Academic frangaise). Its dictionary, ib. ; 
 VI. 94, 2 a. 
 
 French Broad River, VII. 480. 
 
 French Catholic church, the, so styled, IV. 
 335, 2 a; VII. 579, 1 a. 
 
328 
 
 FRENCH 
 
 FRINGILLA 
 
 French chalk, IV. 232, 1 c; XV. 555, 1 b. 
 French Horn: see Horn, VIII. 818, 1 b. 
 French and Indian war , XVI. 153, 1 be, ff.; 
 483, 1 c. 
 
 Frenchtown : see Monroe, XI. 701, 1 c. 
 Frendlesman , outlaw, XII. 742, 2 c. 
 
 Freneau, Philip [fre-no ; ], American poet, VII. 
 481. 
 
 Frenum , ligament of the tongue, XV. 794, 2 c. 
 Frere, Charles Theodore [frail*], French paint¬ 
 er, VII. 481. Pierre Edouard, 1 be. 
 
 Frere, John Hookham [freer], English poet 
 and diplomatist, VII. 481. Sir Henry Bartle 
 Edward, 2 b. 
 
 Frere Robert [frair ruh-bair]: see Francis of 
 Paula, VII. 424, 1 c. 
 
 Freres cordonniers [frail* kor-duh-nya], com¬ 
 munity of, V. 491, 2 a. 
 
 Freret, Nicolas [fra-ra], French scholar, VII. 
 481. 
 
 Freron, Elie Catherine [fra-ro ng ], French jour¬ 
 nalist, VII. 481. Louis Stanislas, revolu¬ 
 tionist, 482, 1 b. 
 
 Fresco Painting-, VII. 482. Stereochrome, 
 483, 1 b. Transfer of frescoes to canvas, 
 
 1 c. History, 2 a. Revival, 485, 1 ab. 
 Fresenius, Karl Remigius [fra-za'-ne-oos], 
 
 German chemist, VII. 485. 
 
 Fresnel, Augustin Jean [fra-nSl], French phys¬ 
 icist, VII. 486. His system of lighthouse il¬ 
 lumination, 1 c, 2 be, ff. His lens, 487, 1 b; 
 X. 457, 2 a (ill.). His researches on light, 
 X. 436, 2 b ; 442, 2 a; 443, 2 b, c; 447, 2 c ; 
 448, 2 b; 451, 1 c. 
 
 Fresnillo [frace-ne'-lyoj, city of Mexico, VII. 
 489. 
 
 Fresno, county, VII. 489. 
 
 Fret, in heraldry, VIII. 672, 2 c. (See plate.) 
 Fretty , in heraldry, VIII. 673,1 a. (See plate.) 
 Fretum Gallicum (strait of Dover), VI. 232,1 c. 
 Freund, Wilhelm [froind], German lexicogra¬ 
 pher, VII. 489. 
 
 Freyberg: see Freiberg. 
 
 Freycinet, Louis Claude Desaulses de [fra-se- 
 na], French navigator, VII. 489. 
 
 Freyja [fri'-ya], in Norse mythology, XII. 119, 
 
 2 c; VI. 399, 2 a. 
 
 Freyr [frire], in Norse mythology, XII. 120,1 b. 
 Freysing: see Freising. 
 
 Freytag, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich [fri'-ta k h], 
 German orientalist, VII. 489. 
 
 Freytag, Gustav, German novelist, VII. 489. 
 Fria [fre'-a], in German mythology, XII. 120, 
 2 a„ 
 
 Friar bird , XIII. 635, 1 c. 
 
 Friar's Point , county seat, IV. 725, 1 b. 
 
 Friars preachers : see Dominicans. 
 
 Friar Tuck, legendary, XI. 846, 2 c. 
 
 Fribourg [fre-boor], canton of Switzerland, 
 VII. 490. Capital city, 2 a (view). 
 
 Fricco, phallic deity, XIII. 380, 2 c. 
 
 Friction, in mechanics, VII. 491. Internal or 
 molecular, VI. 490, 2 a. 
 
 Friday, VII. 491. See Good Friday. 
 
 Fridericia [fre-deh-re'-se-a], town of Den¬ 
 mark, VII. 492. 
 
 Friedenstein [fre'-den-stine], palace of, VIII. 
 123, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Friedland [Ger. freed'-lant], town of Prussia, 
 VII. 492. Battle of, 1 b ; III. 42, 2 c. Town 
 of Bohemia, VII. 492, 1 b. Town of Meck- 
 lenburg-Strelitz, 1 c. 
 
 Friedli, Berner [freed'-le]: see Mind,G ottfried. 
 
 Friedrich, Johann [freed'-riTi], German the¬ 
 ologian, VII. 492. 
 
 Friendly Islands, VII. 492. Cromlech at 
 Tongataboo (ill.), 493. 
 
 Friends, sect of Christians, VII. 493. Origin 
 of the society, 2 b. Persecutions, 494, 1 ab. 
 Their peculiarities, 495, 2 a. Doctrines, 2 c. 
 Discipline, 497, 2 a. Doctrinal division in 
 the United States, 498, 1 b. Relaxation of 
 their former rigor in England, 2 ab. Num¬ 
 bers, 2 b. Schools, missions, &c., 2 be. 
 
 “ Friends of God," mystic brotherhood, XV. 
 584, 2 a. 
 
 Fries [freez], pardon of by President Adams, I. 
 92, 2 c. 
 
 Fries, Elias [freece], Swedish botanist, VII. 
 498. His treatise on mycology, 532, 1 a. 
 
 Fries, Ernst, German painter, VII. 499. Bern- 
 hard, painter, 1 a. 
 
 Fries, Jakob Friedrich, German philosopher, 
 VII. 499. See Philosophy, XIII. 442, 1 b. 
 
 Friesland [freece'-land], province of Holland, 
 VII. 499. 
 
 Frieze, in the Doric order, I. 656, 2 be ; Corin¬ 
 thian, 658, 1 a. 
 
 Frigate: see Navy, XII. 185, 1 b; 186,1 be; 
 188, 1 b. 
 
 Frigate Bird, VII. 499 (ill.). 
 
 Frigate pelican : see Frigate Bird. 
 
 Frigg, in German mythology, XII. 120, 2 a. 
 
 Frigga : see Odin, and Friday. 
 
 Frigidarium, in ancient baths, II. 382, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Fringed actinia, I. 75, 2 a (ills., 74). 
 
 Fringe Tree, VII. 500 (ill.). 
 
 Fringilla (ornithology), VII. 190, 2 a. F, 
 
FRINGILLINZE 
 
 FUCA 
 
 329 
 
 Canaria, III. 691, 2 o. F. carduelis, VIII. 
 90, 2 b (ill.). F. chloris, VII. 191, 1 b (ill.). 
 F. citrinella, III. 692, 1 c. F. ccelebs, IV. 
 224, 2 be (ill.). F. hyemalis: see Junco 
 (Index). F. linaria: s qq JRgiothus. F. mon- 
 tifringilla, VII. 190, 2 be (ill., 191). F. 
 pinus, 191, 1 e. F. serinus, III. 692, 1 c. 
 F. spinus: see Carduelis. F. tristis: see 
 Chrysomitris. 
 
 Fringilli'nce (ornithology), VII. 190, 1 ab. 
 Frio [fre'-o], county, VII. 500. 
 
 Frisia: see Friesland. 
 
 Frisians, a Germanic people, VII. 500. Fri¬ 
 sian dialects, 501, 1 c. Literature, 2 be. 
 Frisians , party of Mennonites, XI. 389, 2 a. 
 Frisians, apostle of the: see Wilbrord. 
 Frisket, of printing press, XIII. 852, 1 b. 
 Frislanda, island cf : see Zeno, Nicold and 
 Antonio. 
 
 Fi'it, in glazing, XIII. 790, 2 b; 791, 2 c. Frit 
 furnace, 790, 2 be. 
 
 Frith , a deep inlet, XIV. 698, 2 be. 
 
 Frith, William Powell, English artist, VII. 502. 
 Frit’Maries, butterflies, III. 498, 2 b. 
 
 Fritz, Samuel, German missionary, VII. 502. 
 Friuli [fre-oo'-le], province of Italy, VII. 502. 
 Fro, in German mythology, XII. 120, 1 c. 
 Frobel: see Froebel. 
 
 Fro'bisher, Sir Martin, English explorer, VII. 
 
 502; I. 669, 1 a. 
 
 Frobisher Bay, VII. 502. 
 
 Froebel, Friedrich [fro'-bel], German educa¬ 
 tor, VII. 502; IX. 273, 2 b. Julius, author 
 and traveller, VII. 502, 2 c. 
 
 Frog, reptile, VII. 503. Anatomy, 2 b. Re¬ 
 production, 504, 1 be; the tadpole, 1 c (ills.). 
 Use of in anatomical experiments, 505, 1 c; 
 as food, 2 b. Bullfrog, 2 c (ill., 506). Other 
 kinds, 506-7 (ills.). Grade of frogs, 507, 
 1 c. Fossil frogs, ib. 
 
 Frog, of the horse’s foot, VIII. 826, 1 c. 
 
 Frog fish: see Toad Fish. 
 
 Frog plate, in a microscope, XI. 521, 1 c. 
 Frogstay, in the horse’s foot, VIII. 826, 1 c. 
 Froissart, Jehan or Jean [frwa-sar], French 
 chronicler, VII. 507. Froissart’s “ Chroni¬ 
 cles,” 2 b; 508, 1 a; 402, 1 b. 
 
 Frolic, sloop, engagement with the Wasp, IX. 
 678, 1 b. 
 
 Frome, town of England, VII. 508. 
 
 Fromentin, Eugene [fro-ma ng -t& ng ], French 
 painter and author, VII. 508. (Died 1876.) 
 Fronde [fro ng d], French political faction, VII. 
 508; X. 630, 2 b; XI. 306, 1 a. 
 
 Frondeur [fro ng -diihr], political sobriquet, II. 
 
 198, 2 b; VII. 508, 2 b. 
 
 Fron'tenao, county, VII. 509. 
 
 Frontenac, Louis de Buade, count de [fro ng - 
 tiih-nak], governor of Canada, VII. 509. 
 Frontier, county, VII. 510. 
 
 Frontignan [fro ng -te-nya ng J, wine, VII. 411, 2 c. 
 Fronti'nus, Sextus Julius, Roman consul, his 
 work on aqueducts, I. 612, 2 a ; IX. 115, 2 b. 
 Frontispieces in private buildings, introduced, I. 
 188, 2 c. 
 
 Fronto (M. Cornelius, Roman orator and teach¬ 
 er of eloquence, tutor of Marcus Aurelius), 
 X. 198, 1 c. His epistles, 355, 1 b. 
 
 Front or Colorado range, Rocky mountains, V. 
 
 100, 1 a; XIV. 376, 2 b. 
 
 Front Royal, county seat, XVI. 460, 1 b. 
 Frosinone [fro-ze-no'-na], town of Italy, VII. 
 
 510. 
 
 Frossard, Charles Auguste [frus-sar], French 
 soldier, VII. 510. (Died 1875.) 
 
 Frost, VII. 510. Hoar frost, 1 c. 
 
 Frost, William Edward, English painter, VII. 
 
 511. (Died 1877.) 
 
 Frostwork , VII. 510, 2 be. 
 
 Frothingham, Nathaniel Langdon, American 
 
 clergyman and writer, VII. 511. Octavius 
 Brooks, preacher and writer, 1 b. 
 Frothingham, Richard, jr., historian, VII. 511. 
 Froude, James Anthony [frood], English his¬ 
 torian, VII. 511. His controversy with 
 Father Burke referred to, III. 458, 2 b. 
 Richard Ilurrell, clergyman, VII. 512, 1 a. 
 Fructification , process of: see Plant, XIII. 
 
 590, 1 c; Protoplasm, XIV. 34, 2 ab. 
 Fructose: see Sugar, XV. 441, 1 a. 
 
 Fructus, in Roman law, I. 192, 1 a. 
 
 Frugality banks, referred to, XIV. 647, 2 b. 
 Fruit , development of, XIII. 590, 1 c. 
 Fruitlands, community farm, I. 266, 1 c. 
 Frumentius, bishop of Abyssinia, I. 45, 2 c; 
 48, 1 b. 
 
 Fru'mity (properly frumenty), preparation of 
 wheat, XVI. 588, 2 b. 
 
 Frusi'no, ancient town: see Frosinone. 
 
 Fry, Elizabeth, English philanthropist, VII. 512. 
 Fry, William Henry, American composer and 
 journalist, VII. 512. 
 
 Fryken [frii'-ken], lakes in Sweden, VII. 512. 
 Fryxell, Anders [frux'-el], Swedish historian, 
 VII. 512. 
 
 Fuad Pasha [foo'-ad pa-sha'], Turkish states¬ 
 man, VII. 512. 
 
 Fuoa, Strait of, VII. 513. 
 
330 
 
 FUCACEiE 
 
 FUNIS 
 
 Fuca'cece (botany), I. 299, 1 c. 
 
 Fuchs, Johann Nepomuk von [fooks], German 
 chemist, VII. 513. 
 
 Fuchs, Dr. Justus, VII. 37, 2 c. 
 
 Fuchs, Konrad Heinrich, physician, VII. 513. 
 
 Fuchs, Leonhard von, botanist, VII. 513. 
 
 Fuchsia [fu'-slia], genus of plants, VII. 513. 
 F. coccinea, 2 c (ill.); coloring matter from, 
 514, 2 c. F. fulgens, 1 a (ill.). F. corymbi- 
 fiora, ib. (ill.). F. arborescens, 1 b. Culti¬ 
 vated varieties, 2 a. 
 
 Fuchsine [fooks'-in], dyeing and preserving 
 material, VI. 343, 1 a; XIII. 824, 1 c. 
 
 Fuchsius: see Fuchs, Leonhard von. 
 
 . Fucus, genus of algae, VII. 514. F. vesiculo- 
 sus, 248, 2 b (ill.) ; 515, 1 a; I. 299, 2 a (ill.). 
 Uses of fucus, VII. 515, 1 a. Fossil fuci, 1 c. 
 Growth in the ocean, ib. Medical use, 2 b. 
 
 Fueaians [fu-e'-ie-ans], S. American Indians, 
 XIII. 156, 2 b. 
 
 Fuel, VII. 515. Comparative value of Ameri¬ 
 can woods, 516,1 be (table, 517). Action of 
 heat upon wood, 2 a. Charcoal, 2 be. Peat, 
 517, 1 b. Artificial fuel, 2 c. Composition 
 of fuels, 518, 1 be. Perfect combustion, 2 c. 
 Qualities of American coals, 519,1 ab (table). 
 
 Fuenterrabia [fwain-tair-ra-be'-a], city of 
 Spain, VII. 520. 
 
 Fuero Juzgo [fwa'-ro k hootli'-go], collection of 
 Visigoth laws, VII. 520, 1 be. 
 
 Fueros [fwa'-roce], in Spanish law", VII. 520; 
 I. 630, 1 a and c; II. 367, 1 a; XIII. 287, 2 c. 
 
 Fuerte [fwair'-ta], town of Mexico, VII. 520. 
 
 Fugger [foog'-ger], German princely family, 
 VII. 520. Allusion to, II. 107, 1 c. 
 
 Fugitive, in law, VII. 520. 
 
 Fugitive slave law, in the United States, VII. 
 187, 2 c, 521, 1 a; XVI. 170, 2 a, 171, 1 ab, 
 b, c, 172, 1 c. Webster’s justification of it, 
 532, 1 b. 
 
 Fugue [fewg], in musical composition, VII. 521. 
 
 Fuhchau [foo-chow'J: see Foochow. 
 
 Fuhrioh, Joseph von [fu'-ri c h], German paint¬ 
 er, VII. 521. (Died 1876.) 
 
 Fulbe [fool'-bSh]: see Foolahs. 
 
 Fulbert [Fr. ful-bair], canon: see Abelard, I. 
 18, 1 a. 
 
 Fulda [fool'-da], town of Prussia, VII. 521. 
 
 Fulginia, Fulginium: see Foligno. 
 
 FuVgora (entomology), VII. 214,1 c. F. later- 
 naria, 2 a. F. Candelaria, 2 ab. 
 
 Fulham [fool'-um], suburb of London, VII. 521. 
 
 Fu'lica Americana (ornithology), V. 312, 1 b 
 (ill.). 
 
 Fulix collaris (ornithology), III. 732, 2 c. 
 
 Fuller, Andrew, English theologian, VII. 521. 
 
 Fuller, Margaret: see Ossoli, Margaret Fuller. 
 
 Fuller, Richard, American clergyman, VII. 
 522. (Died 1876.) 
 
 Fuller, Thomas, English preacher and author, 
 VII. 522. 
 
 Fullers’ Earth, VII. 523; IV. 650, 2 a. 
 
 Fullers ’ thistle, XV. 712, 2 a. See Teasel. 
 
 Fullerton, Lady Georgiana Charlotte, English 
 authoress, VII. 523. 
 
 Fulling, of cloth, VII. 523. 
 
 Fulmar, bird, VII. 523 (ill.). 
 
 Fulmarus (ornithology), VII. 523, 2 b. 
 
 Fulminates: see Explosives, VII. 39, 1 a. 
 
 Fulminating aniline , VII. 39, 2 ab. 
 
 Fulminating oil, VII. 36, 2 a. 
 
 Fulminating silver (Berthollet’s), XV. 49, 1 a. 
 Discovery of, II. 585, 1 a. 
 
 Fulmin'ic Acid, VII. 524; 39, 1 a. 
 
 Fulton [fuF-tun], eight counties, VII. 524, 
 
 Fulton, village of New York, VII. 525. Town 
 of Missouri, 1 be. 
 
 Fulton, Robert, American inventor, VII. 525. 
 See Steam Navigation. 
 
 Fulton ferry in 1791 (ill.), III. 320, 2 c. 
 
 Fulton the First , war steamer, VII. 526, 2 be. 
 
 Fulvia, Roman lady, VII. 526. 
 
 Fumbina [foom-be'-na]: see Adam aw a. 
 
 Fuming liquor of Libavius, IV. 359, 1 c. 
 
 Funchal [foon-sbal'J, capital of Madeira, VII, 
 527 (view). 
 
 Fundata intentio, in law, IV. 625, 2 ab. 
 
 Fun'dulus (ichthyology), XI. 613, 1 a. F. pis 
 culentus, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Fundy, Bay of, VII. 527. 
 
 Funen, island of Denmark, VII. 527. 
 
 Funeral Rites: see Burial. 
 
 Funes, Gregorio [foo'-nace], Argentine histo¬ 
 rian, VII. 528. 
 
 Funfkirchen [funf'-keer- f hen], town of Hun¬ 
 gary, VII. 528. 
 
 Fungi, VII. 528. Their character, 2 a; prop¬ 
 agation, 2 c; growth, 529, 1 a; forms, 1 c; 
 physical qualities, 2 c. Edible fungi, 530, 
 1 c (ill., 531, 2 b): see Mushroom, and 
 Truffle. Poisonous fungi, 2 c (ill.). Medi¬ 
 cal and other uses, 531, 1 ab. Agricultural 
 pests, 1 b (ills., 532). Classification, 2 c. 
 Mycology, 533, 2 c. 
 
 Fungia echinata, polyp, V. 340, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Fungible, law term, VII. 534. 
 
 Funic'ulus, in botany, XIII. 587, 2 c; 592, 1 a. 
 
 Funis, in obstetrics, XII. 570, 2 be. 
 
FBNZA 
 
 GABRIELLI 
 
 331 
 
 Funza [foon'-tha], river and cataract, II. 782, 2 c. 
 
 Fur, VII. 534. Fur trade of North America, 
 2 b. Varieties of fur, and their value, 536, 
 2 a, ff. How obtained, 539, 2 b. Prices, 
 2 c. Fur markets, 540, 1 a (table of sales). 
 Fur dressing, 2 c. Preservation of fur, 541, 
 1 b. Preparation for felting, VIII. 510, 2 a. 
 
 Furcifer (zoology), V. 757, 2 a; 758, 1 c. F. 
 Antisiensis, 2 a. F. huamel, ib. 
 
 Fur'culm Caudi'nm: see Caudine Forks. 
 
 Fureedpoor', district of India, VII. 541. 
 
 FuRETikRE, Antoine [ftir-tyair], French author, 
 VII. 541. 
 
 Furies : see Eumenides, and I. 263, 2 b. 
 
 Furlong, measure of length, VII. 541. 
 
 Furnace, VII. 541; IX. 390, 2 b, ff. Supply 
 of air, VII. 542, 1 a. Air, wind, or reverbe¬ 
 ratory furnaces, 1 b, 2 ab. Blast furnaces, 
 1 c; IX. 392, 1 be, ff. (ills., 393, 394). Gas 
 furnaces, VII. 542, 2 b. Griffin’s blast gas 
 furnace, 2 be (ills., 542, 543). Siemens’s 
 regenerating gas furnace, 543, 2 a (ills., 543, 
 544).—Assaying furnace, II. 27, 1 b. Bloom¬ 
 ary furnaces: see Bloomary. Cupola fur¬ 
 nace, IV. 74, 1 be (ills., 74, 75). Furnace 
 for brass and bronze, 80, 2 a (ill.). Glass 
 furnaces, VIII. 14,1 b; 17, 1 c; 19, 1 b. Pud¬ 
 dling furnace, IX. 399,1 c (ill.) ; referred to, 
 VII. 317, 2 c. Zinc furnaces, XVI. 820, 1 b 
 (Hasenclever’s, ill.), 823, 2 a (Belgian, ill.). 
 
 Furnarius (ornithology), XII. 745. F. rufus, 
 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Furness, William Ilenry, American clergy¬ 
 man and author, VII. 545. 
 
 Furniture , in printing, XIII. 850, 1 a. 
 
 Furruckabad', city of India, VII. 545. 
 
 Furst, Julius, German orientalist, VII. 545. 
 
 Furth [ftirt], town of Bavaria, VII. 545. 
 
 Further India: see Indo-Ciiina. 
 
 G, a letter, VII. 548. Pronunciation, 1 a. In 
 combinations, 1 be. In the calendar, 2 a. In 
 music, ib. 
 
 Gabelentz, IlansConon vonder [ga'-beh-lents], 
 German philologist, VII. 548. (Died 1874.) 
 Ga'bes, gulf of: see Syrtis Major. 
 
 Gabet , Joseph [ga-ba]: see Hue. 
 
 Ga'bii, Roman city, IV. 70, 1 b. 
 
 Gabinian law , IX. 5, 1 c. 
 
 Gabirol : see Solomon ben Gabirol. 
 
 Fury of Antwerp, day of massacre, IX. 653,1 b. 
 
 Furze , shrub, XVI. 103, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Fuse, Safety, VII. 545. Use of: see Blast¬ 
 ing, II. 699, 2 a. 
 
 Fusee', of a watch, IV. 701, 2 a (ill.). In pyro- 
 techny, XIV. 117, 2 a. 
 
 Fusel Oil, VII. 546; VI. 144, 2 b. Used for 
 making flavors, VI. 734, 1 a. 
 
 Fuseli, John Henry [fu'-zeh-le], painter and 
 writer on art, VII. 546. 
 
 Fusibility, VII. 546. Fusing points, 2 b (table). 
 
 Fusible Metals : see Alloy, I. 335, 2 b, and 
 Bismuth. 
 
 Fusil, musket, XII. 100, 2 c. 
 
 Fusil, in heraldry, VIII. 672, 2 c. (See plate.) 
 
 Fusileers', in German infantry, IX. 270, 1 c. 
 In British infantry, XII. 100, 2 c. 
 
 Fusilly, in heraldry, VIII. 673, 1 a. 
 
 Fusiyama [foo-ze-ya'-ma], volcano in Japan, 
 VII. 547 (ill.); IX. 530, 2 c. 
 
 Filssli [fiis'-lej: see Fuseli. 
 
 Fust, Johann [foost]: see Faust, VII. 96, 2 c. 
 
 Fustet [Fr. fiis-ta], Venice sumach, VII. 547,1 c. 
 
 Fustic, dyewood, VII. 547; VI. 342, 1 a. 
 
 Fustine [fus'-tin], vegetable principle, VII. 547, 
 2 a. 
 
 Futajallon: see Foota Jallon. 
 
 Futhorcs, runic alphabets, XIV. 469, 2 a. 
 
 Futteh Ali: see Feth Ali. 
 
 Futteh Jung, nominal king of Afghanistan, I. 
 162, 1 a. 
 
 Futteh Khan, Afghan family of, VIII. 675,1 ab. 
 
 Futtehghur', town of India, VII. 547. 
 
 Futtehpoor', city of India, VII. 547. 
 
 Futtehpoor Sikra, town of India, VII. 547. 
 
 Futtock shrouds, in a ship, XIV. 865, 1 b. 
 
 Futtygurh : see Futtehghur. 
 
 Fyen [fti'-en]: see Funen. 
 
 Fyzabad', town of India, VII. 547. 
 
 Gaboon', bay of Africa, VII. 548. French col¬ 
 ony, 2 be. 
 
 Gaboriau, Emile [ga-bo-re-o], French novelist, 
 VII. 549. 
 
 Gabourd, Amed6e[ga-boor], historian, VII. 549. 
 Ga'briel, angel, VII. 549. In the Koran, XI. 
 697, 2 c. 
 
 Gabriel Channel, Patagonia, VII. 549. 
 Gabrielli, Catarina [ga-bre-el'-le], Italian vo¬ 
 calist, VII. 549. Francesca, 2 c. 
 
332 
 
 GABRIELLI 
 
 GALDO 
 
 Gabrielli, Nicolb, count, composer, VII. 549. 
 
 Gabriellina [ga-bre-el-le'-na], vocalist (Fran¬ 
 cesca Gabrielli), VII. 549, 2 c. 
 
 Gachard, Louis Prosper [ga-sliar], Belgian 
 archivist, VII. 549. 
 
 Gad, son of Jacob, VII. 550. 
 
 Gadames: see Ghadames. 
 
 Gad'ara, city of Palestine, VII. 550. 
 
 Gadarenes ', country of the, VII. 550, 1 c. 
 
 Gadari'tis, district of Palestine, VII. 550, 1 c. 
 
 Gaddi, Gaddo, Florentine artist, VII. 550. Tad¬ 
 deo, painter, 2 a. Angelo, painter, ib. 
 
 Gade, Niels Wilhelm [ga'-dSh], Danish com¬ 
 poser, VII. 550. 
 
 Gades [ga'-deez]: see Cadiz, III. 537, 1 c. 
 
 Gadfly, VII. 550; III. 141 (ill.); VI. 130, 
 1 be. Its muscular activity, IX. 313, 2 ab. 
 
 Gadifer de la Salle [ga-de-fair duh la sal], 
 French adventurer : see Bethencourt. 
 
 Ga'dir: see Cadiz, III. 537, 1 c. 
 
 Gadoxyline [gad-ox'-e-lin], gun cotton, VIII. 
 324, 1 a. 
 
 Gadsden, county, VII. 551. 
 
 Gadsden, county seat, VI. 764, 1 b. 
 
 Gadsden, Christopher, American statesman, 
 VII. 551. 
 
 Gadsden, James, referred to, I. 711, 2 c. 
 
 Gadsden ’purchase, XII. 320, 2 c; XVI. 171, 2 a. 
 
 Gaduine [gad'-yu-in], substance in cod-liver 
 oil, V. 12, 1 ab. 
 
 Gad'wall, duck, VII. 551 (ill.). 
 
 Gcea [je'-a], in Greek mythology, XV. 660, 2 b. 
 
 Gael [gail], Celtic race, VII. 552. 
 
 Gaelic language, IV. 177, 1 b, c; 179, 2 b. 
 
 Gaeta [ga-a'-ta], city of Italy, VII. 552 (view). 
 
 G^etu'lia, ancient country of Africa, VII. 552. 
 
 Gcetulicus , surname, VII. 553, 1 b. 
 
 Gaff, gaffe, steel spur, IV. 782, 2 be. 
 
 Gaff eld, Thomas, his experiments showing the 
 action of sunlight on glass, VIII. 12, 2 b. 
 
 Gag rule, so called, in congress: see Atherton, 
 II. 66. Repealed, I. 105, 2 c. 
 
 Gagarin [ga-ga'-rin], princely Russian family, 
 VII. 553. Matfei Petrovitch, governor of 
 Siberia, 1 b. Alexander Ivanovitch, general 
 officer, ib. Pavel Pavlovitch, statesman, ib. 
 John (Ivan), Jesuit, 1 e. 
 
 Gage, county, VII. 553. 
 
 Gage, Thomas, governor of Massachusetts, 
 VII. 553. 
 
 Gagetown, county seat, XIV. 144, 2 c. 
 
 “ Gagging act ,” in Ireland, IX. 360, 1 c. 
 
 Gagmegue : see Agmegue. 
 
 Gahn [gan], (Joseph Gottlieb, Swedish miner¬ 
 
 alogist, 1745-1818), his experiments with the 
 blowpipe, II. 748, 1 b. 
 
 Gail : see Gael. 
 
 Gail, Jean Baptiste [gay’], French author, VII. 
 553. Edme Sophie, musical composer, 2 c. 
 
 Gaillao [ga-yak], town of France, VII. 554. 
 
 Gaillard, Gabriel Henri [gH-yar], French his¬ 
 torian, VII. 554. 
 
 Gaines, Edmund Pendleton, American general, 
 VII. 554. Myra Clark, 1 c. 
 
 Gainesborough, county seat, IX. 483, 1 c. 
 
 Gainesville, county seats, I. 235, 1 b; V. 295, 
 2 a; VIII. 228,1 a; 396, 2 a; XII. 775, 2 c. 
 
 Gainsborough, town of England, VII. 555. 
 Battle of, V. 501, 2 c. 
 
 Gainsborough, Thomas, English painter, VII. 
 555. 
 
 Gairdner, William, British physician, VII. 555. 
 
 Gaita, wife of Robert Guiscard, I. 293, 1 c. 
 
 Gaius [ga'-yus], Roman jurist, VII. 555. In¬ 
 stitutes of, 2 ab. Palimpsest of, discovered 
 by Niebuhr, 2 b; XI. 132, 2b; II. 482, 2 ab. 
 
 Galactoden'dron : see Cow Tree. 
 
 Galactom'eter, VII. 556. 
 
 Galactose: see Sugar, XV. 441, 1 a. 
 
 Galacz [ga'-latch]: see Galatz. 
 
 Gala'go : see Lemur, X. 339, 1 c. 
 
 Gal'ahad, Sir, legendary knight, VIII. 135, 2 c. 
 
 Galan'gal, root of a Chinese plant, VII. 556. 
 
 Galanthus (botany), XV. 137, 1 b. G. nivalis, 
 1 be (ill.). 
 
 Galapagos [ga-la'-pa-goce], islands, VII. 556. 
 
 Gal'asa: see Gerasa. 
 
 Galashiels [gal-a-sheelz'], burgh of Scotland, 
 VII. 557. 
 
 Gal'ata : see Constantinople, V. 277, 1 ab. 
 
 Galatce , ancient people, IV. 176, 2 be (Celts). 
 
 Galate'a : see Acis. Grotto of, I. 66, 2 b. 
 
 Galatia, ancient province of Asia Minor, VII. 
 557. Galatians, 2 c. 
 
 Galatians, Epistle to the, VII. 557. 
 
 Galatz [ga'-lats], town of Roumania, VII. 558 
 (view). 
 
 Gal'axy, milky way, VII. 558. Description 
 of, 2 be. Sir W. Herschel’s observations 
 upon, 559, 1 c; Sir J. Herschel’s, 560, 1 ab; 
 Struve’s, 1 b. Recent researches, 2 a. 
 
 Galba, Servius Sulpicius, Roman emperor, 
 VII. 560. 
 
 Gal'banum, gum resin, VII. 561 ; VIII. 321, 2 c. 
 
 Gal'bula (ornithology), IX. 479, 2 c. G. viri- 
 dis, 480, 1 b (ill.). G. paradisea, ib. 
 
 Galdo, Maria Anna del: see Bethlehemites, 
 II. 596, 1 b. 
 
GALE 
 
 GALLEGOS 
 
 333 
 
 GaT<r y shrub, II. 407, 1 b (Bayberry). 
 
 Gale, James, English inventor, VII. 561. 
 
 Gale, Theophilus, English theologian, VII. 
 561. 
 
 Galeass [gal'-e-ass]: see Galley, VII. 576, 2 b. 
 Galeazzo [ga-la-at'-so]: see Sforza, and Vis¬ 
 conti. 
 
 Gale'idce (ichthyology), XIV. 828, 1 be. 
 
 Galen, Christoph Bernhard von [ga'-len], Ger¬ 
 man soldier and prelate, VII. 561. 
 
 Ga'len, Claudius, ancient physician, VII. 562; 
 XI. 347, 2 a. His dissections of animals and 
 probably of men, V. 185, 1 c. His treat¬ 
 ment of insanity, IX. 297, 2 a; referred to, 
 I. 460, 2 a. Gave form to the law of con- 
 traria , VIII. 783, 2 c. 
 
 Gale'na, mineral, VII. 562; X. 249, 2 b, 250, 
 
 1 b. Argentiferous character of, XV. 50,1 b. 
 Galena limestone, X. 252, 2 a. 
 
 Galena, city of Illinois, VII. 563. 
 
 Galena , county seat, XV. 399, 1 c. 
 Galeopithe'cus : see Flying Lemur, and II. 
 378, 2 c. G. volans (ill.), VII. 298, 2 a. G. 
 variegatus, 2 b. 
 
 Galeotte , small galley, VII. 576, 2 b. 
 
 Galera [g&-la/-ra], capture of, IX. 652, 2 c. 
 Galerien [ga-la-re-a ng ], galley convict, VII. 576, 
 
 2 c; 577, 1 c. 
 
 Gale'rius, Caius Valerius Haximianus, Roman 
 emperor, VII. 563. 
 
 Gales, Joseph, American journalist, VII. 563. 
 Joseph (2d), 2 b. 
 
 Galesburg, city of Illinois, VII. 563. 
 Galesville, town of Wisconsin, VII. 564. 
 Ga'leus (ichthyology), XIV. 828, 1 c. G. vul¬ 
 garis, ib. 
 
 Galibi [ga-le'-be], Carib tribe, III. 788, 1 b. 
 
 Dictionary and catechism, 1 be. 
 
 Galicia [ga-lish'-a], province of Austria, VII. 
 564. Inhabitants, 2 b. Language and litera¬ 
 ture, 565, 1 a. History, 1 b. 
 
 Galicia [Sp. ga-le'-the-a], division of Spain, 
 VII. 565. History, 566, 1 ab. 
 Galigai,Leonora[g&A<d-ghl'\lAQ§y 2 c, 470,1 ab. 
 Gal'ilee, division of Palestine, VII. 566. 
 Galilee, Sea of: see Gennesaret. 
 
 Galileiy Vincenzo [ga-le-la'-e], Italian musician, 
 VII. 566, 2 a; XII. 89, 2 c, 90, 1 a. 
 
 Galileo Galilei, Italian philosopher and 
 mathematician, VII. 566. His discovery of 
 the isochronism of the pendulum, 2 ab. On 
 the difference of time in the velocity of fall¬ 
 ing bodies, 2 be. Invention of the telescope, 
 567, 1 b; XV. 623, 1 b (ill., 2 a). Of the 
 
 compound microscope claimed for him, VII. 
 
 567, 2 ab. Persecution of Galileo, 2 be; 
 
 568, 2 ab. His astronomical discoveries, 
 567, 1 c, 2 a, b; 568, 2 c. His investiga¬ 
 tions of atmospheric pressure, II. 325, 1 c. 
 His writings, VII. 567, 2 c; 568, 1 c, 2 a, c; 
 IX. 462, 2 ab. His measurement of the area 
 between a cycloid and its base, XI. 395, 2 a. 
 Discovery of the sun spots, XV. 471, 2 a. 
 His observations of Saturn, XVI. 640, 1 b. 
 
 Galimard, Nicolas Auguste [ga-ie-mar], French 
 painter, VII. 569. 
 
 Galin, Pierre [ga-la ng ], musician, VII. 569. 
 Galinozo stone [ga-le-no'-so], XI. 467, 2 c. 
 Gal'ioty a small galley, VII. 576, 2 b. 
 
 Galipe'a officina'lis (botany), I. 507, 1 c. 
 Galitzin : see Gallitzin. 
 
 Ga’lium (botany), I. 321, 1 b. G. triflorum, 
 XVI. 711, 1 ab. 
 
 Gall, Saint, apostle of Switzerland, VII. 569. 
 Gall, Franz Joseph [Ger. gal], founder of 
 phrenology, VII. 570. 
 
 Gallce'cia , ancient division of Spain, referred 
 to, VII. 566, 1 ab; XV. 210, 1 b. 
 Gal'lagher, William D., American journalist 
 and poet, VII. 570. 
 
 Gallait, Louis [ga-la], French painter, VII. 
 
 571. 
 
 Galla language , VII. 571, 2 a; I. 171, 1 b. 
 Galland, Antoine [ga-la ng ], French antiquary 
 and linguist, VII. 571. First to make the 
 “ Arabian Nights ” known in Europe, 1 be; 
 I. 624, 1 a. 
 
 Gallas, African race, VII. 571. 
 
 Gallas, Matthias von, count [gal'-lass], Ger¬ 
 man soldier, VII. 571. 
 
 Gal'latin, three counties, VII. 572. 
 
 Gallatin , county seats, V. 316, 2 c; 709, 1 b; 
 XV. 467, 2 c. 
 
 Gallatin , river, XI. 772, 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 Gallatin, Albert, American statesman, VII. 
 
 572. 
 
 Gallaudet', Rev. Thomas Hopkins, founder 
 of the first American institution for the deaf 
 and dumb, VII. 574; V. 734, 1 be. Thomas, 
 clergyman and deaf-mute instructor, VII. 
 574, 1 b. Edward Miner, deaf-mute in¬ 
 structor, 1 c. 
 
 Gall Bladder, VII. 574 ; X. 537, 1 a (ill., 536). 
 Galle, Johann Gottfried [gal'-leh], German 
 astronomer, VII. 575. His discovery of 
 the planet Neptune, 1 ab. 
 
 Gallego [ga-lya'-go], a wind, XV. 205, 1 ab. 
 Gallegos [ga-lya'-goce], Galicians, VII. 566,1 a. 
 
334 
 
 GALLEON 
 
 GALUPPI 
 
 Galleon: see Galley, VII. 576, 1 be; Ship, 
 XIV. 856, 2 c. 
 
 Galletti, Johann Georg August, German 
 historian and geographer, VII. 575. 
 
 Galley, vessel of war, VII. 575; XII. 182, 
 2 c, 183, 2 a. Prow of, 1 b (ill.). Roman 
 galleys, VII. 575, 2 c; ill., XII. 183. Galleys 
 of the Northmen, 2 be (ill., Norman galley). 
 Galley, in printing, XIII. 848, 1 c. 
 
 Galley slaves: see Galley, VII. 577, 1 a. 
 
 Gall fly, XII. 558, 2 c, ff. (ill.). 
 
 Galli, Roman priests of Oybele, V. 389, 2 b. 
 Galli, Celts, IV. 176, 2 be, c; VII. 557, 2 be. 
 Gallia, county, VII. 577. 
 
 Gallia (Gaul), VII. 647, 1 a. Gallia Cisalpina, 
 Citerior, or Togata, ib. Gallia Transalpina or 
 Ulterior, 2 c. Gallia Braccata or Comata, 648, 
 1 b. Gallia Narbonensis, 2 c; X. 152, 2 a. 
 Gallia Lugdunensis, VII. 649, 1 a; X. 758, 
 
 1 c. Gallia Belgica, VII. 649, la; II. 490, 2 a. 
 Gallic Acid, VII. 577. 
 
 Gallican Church, VII. 578. Pragmatic sanc¬ 
 tions of Louis IX. and Charles VII., curtailipg 
 papal power and establishing the liberties of 
 the Gallican church, 1 b, c; XIII. 800, 2 c; 
 X. 653, 1 ab; IV. 287, 1 b. The four articles 
 defining its relations to the pope, VII. 578, 
 
 2 a; III. 115, 1 be; IX. 265, lb; condemned 
 by Pope Alexander VIII., I. 280, 2 be. Gal- 
 licanism as opposed to ultramontanism, IX. 
 265, 1 a, ff.; 289, 1 be; XVI. 106, 1 be; al¬ 
 luded to, 273, 2 b. Napoleon’s organic arti¬ 
 cles, VII. 578, 2 b; IX. 265, 1 c. Vacilla¬ 
 tion and final acquiescence of Gallican repre¬ 
 sentatives in the Vatican council, V. 684,1 a; 
 VI. 320, 1 c; XI. 154, 2 ab. Present rela¬ 
 tions of the church of Prance to Rome, VII. 
 579, 1 b; 374, 2 c, ff.; XIV. 400, 1 a. 
 
 Gallicanism , in the Catholic church in France, 
 IX. 265, 1 a. See Gallican Chttroh. 
 
 Gallic sea: see Mediterranean, XI. 353, 2 c. 
 Gallienus, Publius Licinius Egnatius [gal-le- 
 e'-nus], Roman emperor, VII. 579. His 
 friendship for Plotinus, XIII. 614, 2 b. 
 Gallina'go (ornithology), XV. 132, 2 c, 133, 
 
 1 b. G. Wilsonii, 1 b (ill.). G. media, 
 
 2 ab (ill.). G. major, ib. 
 
 Gall Insects : see Galls. 
 
 Gallinu'la (ornithology), VII. 580, 1 b. G. 
 
 galeata, 2 a (ill.). G. chloropus, ib. 
 Gal'linule, bird, VII. 579. Purple gallinule, 
 2 c (ill., 580). Florida gallinule, 580, 2 a (ill.). 
 Gallio, Junius, proconsul of Achaia, VII. 580. 
 Gallionism: see Gallio. 
 
 Gallipoli Fgal-lip'-o-lel, town of Turkey, VII. 
 580; view, 581. 
 
 Gallipoli, town of Italy, VII. 581. Its olive 
 oil, 1 be; VI. 343, 2 ab. 
 
 Gallipolis [gal-le-po-leece'J, city of Ohio, 
 VII. 581. 
 
 Gallissonniere, Roland Michel Barrin, mar¬ 
 quis de la [gal-lees-sun-yair], French ad¬ 
 miral, VII. 581. 
 
 Gallit'zin, Russian princely family, VII. 581. 
 Mikhail, general, 2 b. Vasili, conspirator, 
 ib. Vasili, the Great, general and states¬ 
 man, 2 c. Mikhail, field marshal, ib. Alex¬ 
 ander, general, 582, 1 a. Dimitri, ambas¬ 
 sador, 1 ab. Dimitri, diplomatist and au¬ 
 thor, 2 b. Amalia, pietist, ib. Sergei, 
 general, 1 be. Emanuil, traveller and 
 author, 1 c. 
 
 Gallitzin, Demetrius Augustine, Russian mis¬ 
 sionary priest, VII. 582. Elizabeth, of the 
 society of the Sacred Heart, 583, 1 b. 
 
 Galliwasp , lizard, XV. 80, 2 a. 
 
 Gallo- Grcecia: see Galatia. 
 
 Gallon, liquid measure, VII. 583. 
 
 Galloon', kind of ribbon, XIV. 306, 1 be. 
 
 Galloph'asis (ornithology), XIII. 385, 2 a. G. 
 nycthemerus, 2 b. 
 
 Gallo-Roman literature, X. 200, 2 c. 
 
 Gallotannate of iron, XV. 567, 2 a. 
 
 Gallotannic acid, XV. 567, 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 Galloway, Joseph, American loyalist,VII. 583. 
 
 Gallows screw, Robert Hare’s, VIII. 458, 2 c. 
 
 Galls, vegetable excrescences, VII. 583 (ill.). 
 See Oak Apple. Chinese galls, XV. 463, 
 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Gall Stones : see Calculi. 
 
 Gallup, Joseph Adam, American physician 
 and author, VII. 584. 
 
 Galluppi: see Galuppi. 
 
 Gallus (ornithology), IV. 780, 1 b. G. gigan- 
 teus, 2 a, and 782, 2 a, c. G. Bankiva, 780, 
 2 b, and 782, 2 a. G. seneus, 780, 2 be. G. 
 furcatus, 2 c. G. Sonneratii, 781, 1 a (ill.), 
 and 782, 2 a. G. morio, 781, 1 c. G. cris- 
 pus, 2 a. G. lanatus, ib. 
 
 Galsang Gomboyeff,\ Buriat scientist, III. 455. 
 
 Galt [gawlt], town of Canada, VII. 584. 
 
 Galt, John, Scottish author, VII. 584. Sir 
 Alexander Tilloch, Canadian financier, 585, 
 1 a. 
 
 Galton, Francis, English traveller and au¬ 
 thor, VII. 585. 
 
 Galuppi, Baldassare [gd-loop'-pe], Italian mu¬ 
 sician, VII. 585. 
 
GALUPPI 
 
 GANGLION 
 
 335 
 
 Galuppi, Pasquale, Italian philosopher, VII. 
 
 585, See Philosophy, XIII. 444, 2 b. 
 
 Galvani, Aloisio or Luigi [gal-va'-ne], Italian 
 
 physician, VII. 585. See Animal Electei- 
 city, and Galvanism, VII. 585, 2 c. 
 
 Galvanism, VII. 585. Identity of with fric¬ 
 tional electricity, 586, 1 b; 599, 1 c. Deflec¬ 
 tion by it of the magnetic needle discovered, 
 
 586, 1 be. Illustrative experiments, 1 c (ill.). 
 Simple galvanic or voltaic couple or element, 
 
 587, 1 ab. Protection of iron and copper 
 from corrosion, 1 c. Electromotive force, 
 2 a. Theory of the production of the gal¬ 
 vanic current, 2 c.—Voltaic batteries, 588, 
 1 c, ff. (ills.).—Electricity by mutual action 
 of solutions, 591, 2 b (ill.). Becquerel’s oxy¬ 
 gen circuit, 2 c (ill., 592).—Dry piles, 592, 
 1 b. Bohnenberger’s electroscope, 2 a (ill.).— 
 Galvanometers, 2 b (ills.).—Resistance to 
 current, 593, 1 c. Ohm’s law, 2 a. Internal 
 or essential resistance, 2 ab; external or 
 non-essential, 2 b. Coupling for intensity 
 and for quantity, 594, 1 b (ills.). Tangent 
 galvanometer, 2 a (ill.); sine, 2 c (ill.). Thom¬ 
 son’s mirror galvanometer, 595, 2 a (ill.). 
 Wheatstone’s rheostat, 1 c (ills., 595, 596). 
 Best conductors, 596, 1 c.—Electrolysis, 2 c. 
 Voltameter, ib. (ill., 597). Anode and cathode 
 of a battery, 597, 2 a; ions (anion and ca¬ 
 tion) of the electrolyte, ib. Electrolysis of 
 ternary salts, 2 be (ill.). Polarization of 
 electrodes, 598, 2 b (ills.). Grove’s gas bat¬ 
 tery, 2 c (ill., 599). Clausius’s molecular 
 theory of electrolysis, 599, 1 b.—Electrical 
 potential, 2 b.—Galvanoplasty, or electro¬ 
 metallurgy, 2 c. Electroplating and gild¬ 
 ing, 600, 1 a (ills.). Electrotyping, 601, 1 c. 
 
 Galvanization , medical, XI. 335, 1 a. 
 
 Galvanized Ieon, VII. 601. 
 
 Galvanocausty , in medicine, XI. 334, 2 c. 
 
 Galvanometers : see Galvanism, VII. 592, 2 b, 
 594, 2 a; Animal Electeicity, I. 518, 2 c, 
 519, 2 be. 
 
 Galvanoplasty : see Galvanism, VII. 599, 2 c. 
 
 Gal'veston, county of Texas, VII. 602. City, 
 1 c. 
 
 Galvez, Bernardo, count de [gal'-vaith], Span¬ 
 ish soldier and statesman, VII. 603. 
 
 Galway [gawl'-wa], county of Ireland, VII. 
 603. Town, 604, 1 ab. 
 
 Gama , Estevan and Cristoforo da [da ga'-ma], 
 sons of Vasco da Gama, I. 46, 1 a. 
 
 Gama, Joze Basilio da, Brazilian poet, VII. 604. 
 
 Gama, Vasco da, Portuguese navigator, VII. 
 
 604. Ilis first landing in India, 605, 1 a; 
 compare XI. 48, 1 a. Referred to, I. 170, 
 2b; II. 483, 2 c. 
 
 Gamaliel, Jewish doctor of law, VII. 605. 
 Gambet , bird, XV. 583, 1 be. 
 
 Gambetta, Leon [ga ng -bet-ta], French states¬ 
 man, VII. 605. His escape from Paris in a 
 balloon, I. 149, 1 be. 
 
 Gambetta flavipes (ornithology), XVI. 780, 1 c. 
 
 G. melanoleuca, XV. 583, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Gambia, British colony in W. Africa, VII. 606. 
 Gambia, river, VII. 606; I. 166, 2 a. 
 
 Gambiee [gam-beer'], village of Ohio, VII. 606. 
 Kenyon college, 2 b. 
 
 Gam'biee, James, baron, British admiral, VII. 
 606. 
 
 Gambier plant: see Gambie, and II. 645, 1 c. 
 Gambier theological seminary , its founder, IV. 
 326, 2 b. 
 
 Gambie [gam'-beer], vegetable extract, VII. 
 
 607; IV. 105, 2 c. Tree, VII. 607, 1 be. 
 Gambling: see Gaming, VII. 608, 2 c. 
 Gamboge', gum resin, VII. 607. Gamboge 
 tree, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Gambogic acid , VII. 608, 1 ab. 
 
 Game cock, IV. 782, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Game Laws, VII. 608. 
 
 Gaming, in law, VII. 608. 
 
 Gamis'ida (epizoa), VI. 695, 2 a. 
 
 Gammari'nce, minute crustaceans, XIV. 569, 2 a. 
 Gammkll, William, American author, VII. 609. 
 Gamp'sonyx (ornithology), mentioned, X. 19, 
 2 c. 
 
 Gam'ut , in music, XII. 76, 1 be. Origin of 
 the name, 77, 1 a. 
 
 Ganapatyas , Brahman sect, IX. 230, 1 b. 
 Gandastogues , Indians : see Conestogas. 
 
 Gand [ga ng ]: see Ghent. 
 
 Gando, kingdom of Africa, VII. 609. Town, 1 c. 
 Ganega [ga-na'-sa], modern Brahman divinity, 
 IX. 230, 1 b. 
 
 Gan Eden: see Eden. 
 
 Gangd: see Ganges. Goddess, IX. 230, 1 c. 
 Ganganelli , Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio (Pope 
 Clement XIV.), IV. 663, 2 be. 
 
 Ganges, river of India, VII. 609. Source, 1 c 
 (ill., 610). Delta, 610, 2 a. Affluents, 611, 
 
 1 a. Ganges canal, 1 ab; XII. 501, 1 b. 
 Plain of the Ganges, IX. 200, 2 c. 
 
 Gangetic crocodile, VII. 651,1 be (ill.) ; 610, 2 c. 
 Gan'glion, in anatomy, VII. 611; in surgery, 
 
 2 be. See Neevous System, XII. 234,1 a, ff.; 
 238, 1 c. Sensory, emotional, or instinctive 
 ganglia, XV. 604, 2 a. 
 
336 
 
 GANGRENE 
 
 GARRICK 
 
 Gan'grene, VII. 612. 
 
 Oangue [gang], in metallurgy, XI. 421, 2 c. 
 
 Ganister: see Steel, XY. 359, 2 b. 
 
 Ganjam', town of India, VII. 612. 
 
 Gannal, Jean Nicolas, French chemist, YII. 612. 
 
 Gannet, bird, YII. 613 (ill.). 
 
 Gannett, Ezra Stiles, American clergyman, 
 YII. 613. 
 
 Ganniagwari , Mohawk Indians, I. 188, 1 b. 
 
 Ga'noids, order of fishes, YII. 613. Fossil 
 ganoids, 614, 1 b (ills., 615, 616). See Com¬ 
 parative Anatomy, Y. 183, 2 be; Gar 
 Fish; and X. 359, 1 be. 
 
 Gans, Eduard [gance], German jurist, YII. 617. 
 
 Gansevoort, Peter [gan'-ze-vort], American 
 soldier, YII. 617. 
 
 Gansfort [gance'-fort]: see Wessel, John. 
 
 Gan'ymede, in mythology, YII. 617. 
 
 Gap [gap], town of France, YII. 617. 
 
 Gap Civil , county seat, I. 325, 1 a. 
 
 Gapes, the , disease of fowls, XIII. 384, 2 b. 
 
 Garakonthie, Daniel, Onondaga chief, YII. 617. 
 
 Garaman'tes , land of the: see Fezzan. 
 
 Garancine [gar'-an-seen], dyeing material, YI. 
 343, 2 b. 
 
 Garangan , species of ichneumon, IX. 157, 2 c. 
 
 Garapori : see Elephanta. 
 
 Garat, Dominique Joseph [g8-ra], French wri¬ 
 ter and politician, YII. 617. 
 
 Garay, Janos [gor'-aw-e], Hungarian poet, YII. 
 617. 
 
 Gar'cia, Manuel de Populo Yicente (Sp. Gar¬ 
 cia, gar-the'-a), Spanish composer, YII. 618. 
 Manuel, musician and instructor, 1 b. 
 
 Garcia III., king of Navarre, YII. 135, 1 c. 
 
 Garcilaso de la Yega [gar-the-la'-so da la va'- 
 ga], Spanish poet, YII. 618; XY. 220, 2 b. 
 Sebastian, soldier, YII. 618, 2 b. The Inca, 
 historian, 2 c. 
 
 Garcin de Tassy, Joseph Ileliodore [gar-sa ng 
 duh tas-se], French orientalist, YII. 619. 
 
 Garcinia (botany), XI. 105,1 c. G. mangostana, 
 ib. (ill.). 
 
 Gard [gar], department of France, YII. 619. 
 Mines of, 411, 2 b. 
 
 Gard, Pont du [po ng du gar]: see Aqueduct, 
 I. 613, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Garda, Lake, Italy, YII. 619. 
 
 Gardaia [gar-di'-a], town of Algeria, YII. 619. 
 
 Garden : see Horticulture. 
 
 Garden, Alexander, British physician and 
 naturalist, YII. 619 ; IX. 570, 1 ab. 
 
 Garden, Alexander, American officer, YII. 
 
 619. 
 
 Garde'nia (botany), IX. 570, 1 a (ill.). G. 
 florida and G. radicans, 1 be, c. 
 
 Gardiner, city of Maine, YII. 620. 
 
 Gardiner, James, Scottish soldier, YII. 620. 
 
 Gardiner, Stephen, English prelate, YII. 620. 
 
 Gardiner, Sylvester, American physician, YII. 
 620. John, advocate, 2 b. John Sylvester 
 John, clergyman, 621, 1 a. 
 
 Gardo'ni, Italo, Italian vocalist, YII. 621. 
 
 Gar Fish, YII. 621 (ill., 622). 
 
 Gargano, Monte [gar-ga'-no]: see Apennines, 
 I. 582, 2 a. 
 
 Gargantua and Pantagruel , work by Rabelais, 
 XIY. 160, 2 b. 
 
 Garganus Mons : see Gargano. 
 
 Gargare'ans, fabulous people, I. 380, 2 c. 
 
 Garget , plant, XIII. 641, 1 b, c. 
 
 Gargulho [gar-goo'-lyo], deposit of diamonds, 
 YI. 74, 1 a. 
 
 Garibaldi, Giuseppe [ga-re-bal'-de], Italian 
 patriot, YII. 622. See Italy, IX. 452, 2 c; 
 453, 1 c, ff. Menotti, YII. 624, 1 c. Ric- 
 ciotti, 2 a. 
 
 Garisenda, leaning tower of Bologna, III. 18, 
 1 a (ill.) ; 661, 2 b. 
 
 Garland, county : see Hot Springs. 
 
 Garland, amnesty case of, I. 431, 2 c. 
 
 Garlic, plant, YII. 624. Garden garlic, 625,1 a. 
 
 Garneau, Francois Xavier [gar-no], Canadian 
 historian, YII. 625. 
 
 Garnet, mineral, YII. 625. 
 
 Garnet schist, XI. 491, 2 be (Mica Slate). 
 
 Garnier, Adolphe [gar-nya], French philoso¬ 
 pher, YII. 625. 
 
 Garnier, Charles Georges Thomas, French 
 author, YII. 625. 
 
 Garnier, Jean Louis Charles, French archb 
 tect, YII. 626. 
 
 Garnier - Pagiss, Louis Antoine [-pa-zha], 
 French politician, YII. 626. 
 
 Garnishee, in law, II. 91, 1 a; XYI. 17, 1 c. 
 
 Garnishment, proceeding in, XYI. 17, 1 c. 
 
 Garo hills : see Garrow Hills. 
 
 Garonne [ga-run], river of France, YII. 626. 
 
 Garonne, Haute: see Haute-Garonne. 
 
 Gar pile: see Gar Fish. 
 
 Garrard, county, YII. 626. 
 
 Garrett, county, YII. 626. 
 
 Garrett, Elizabeth, English physician, YII. 
 626. Millicent: see Fawcett, YII. 99, 2 b. 
 
 Garrettson, Freeborn, American clergyman, 
 YII. 627. 
 
 Garrhial: see Gavial. 
 
 Garrick, David, English actor, YII. 627. 
 
GARRISON 
 
 GASTRULA 
 
 337 
 
 Garrison, William Lloyd, American abolition¬ 
 ist, VII. 628. 
 
 Garrote', mode of execution, YII. 630. 
 Oarrotteurs [gar-rut-tuhr]: see Chauffeurs. 
 Garrow Hills, district of India, YII. 631. 
 Garrulus glandarius (ornithology), IX. 580,1 a. 
 Garter , in heraldry, VIII. 672, 1 be. 
 
 Garter, Order of the, YII. 631. Habit and 
 insignia, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Garth, Sir Samuel, English physician and poet, 
 YII. 632. 
 
 Gartner, Joseph [gairt'-ner], German botanist, 
 YII. 632. His classification of plants, 2 a. 
 Garum, anchovy sauce, I. 467, 2 b. 
 
 Garumna , river: see Garonne. 
 
 Garve, Christian [gar'-vSh], German philoso¬ 
 pher, VII. 632. 
 
 Garvie , fish, XY. 287, 1 b. 
 
 Garzetta (ornithology), VIII. 690, 2 a. 
 
 Gas, YII. 632. Management of gases, 2 c (ills., 
 633). Diffusion of gases, 633, 2 c. Graham’s 
 diffusiometer, 634, 1 c (ill.). Atmolysis, or 
 the separation of gases by diffusion, 2b; at- 
 molyser, ib. (ill.).—Illuminating gas, 635,1 a. 
 Coal gas, 1 b. Effect of temperature upon 
 the products of distillation, 2 c. Processes 
 of manufacture, 636, 2 a; plan of gas works, 
 
 1 be (ill.). Bunsen’s photometer, 638, 1 ab 
 (ill.). Effect of the form of burner, 1 c. 
 Amount produced from a ton of coal, 2 ab. 
 Gas meter, 2 b (ill.); Bogardus’s, 639, 1 a. 
 Wood gas, 1 b. Peat gas, 2 ab. Resin gas, 
 
 2 b. Petroleum gas, ib. Oil gas, 640, 1 a. 
 Water gas, 1 b.—Inventor of the name, YIII. 
 624, 2 b; IY. 359, 2 a. Gas sylvestre, 
 pingue, siccum, fulginosum, YIII. 624, 2 b. 
 Law of water taking up condensed gas, 
 666, 1 b. Expansive force and tension of, 
 XIII. 628, 1 c. Use of in lighthouses, X. 
 454, 2 c. Laughing gas, XII. 468, 1 c. Ex¬ 
 pansion and contraction of gases, YII. 653, 
 1 c; XIII. 628,1 a. Combining volumes, Gay- 
 Lussac’s law of, ib ., and IY. 366, 1 be. Gases 
 and vapors, radiating and absorbing power 
 of, YIII. 571, 1 c. 
 
 Gas battery, Grove’s, YII. 598, 2 c (ill., 599). 
 Gas carbon , III. 770, 1 a, 2 ab. 
 
 Gas check , in Chassepot rifle, XIY. 331, 2 be. 
 Gascogne [gas-kony’]: see Gascony. 
 
 Gascoigne [gas-koin'J, astronomer : see Gas- 
 coygne, William. 
 
 Gascoigne, George, English poet, YII. 640. 
 Gasconade', county, VII. 640. 
 
 Gascon dialect, XIY. 39, 2 be. 
 
 22 
 
 Gascony, old province of France, YII. 641. 
 Gascoygne, William, inventor of the microme¬ 
 ter, YII. 641 ; XI. 511, 1 a; XV. 624, 2 ab. 
 Gas-holder , YII. 633, 1 ab (ills.). 
 
 Gash veins, X. 252, 2 be; XI. 578, 1 b (ills.). 
 Gaskell, Elizabeth Cleghorn, English author¬ 
 ess, YII. 641. 
 
 Gas lights , introduction of in London, I. 61,1 a. 
 Gas'olene, from petroleum, XIII. 371, 1 c. 
 Gasparin, Adrien Etienne Pierre, count de 
 [gas-pa-ra ng ], French statesman and agricul¬ 
 turist, YII. 641. Agenor Etienne, count de, 
 publicist, 2 b. Valerie Boissier, countess de, 
 authoress, 642, 1 b. 
 
 Gaspe [gas-pa'], county of Canada, YII. 642. 
 
 Town, 1 c. Bay and peninsula, XIY. 134,2 a. 
 Gaspereau [gas-per-o'], fish : see Alewife. 
 Gaspe' sians, tribe of Indians, YII. 642, 1 be. 
 Gas retort, YII. 636, 2 a; IX. 813, 1 a. 
 
 Gass, Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Joachim 
 [gas], German theologian, YII. 642. 
 Gassendi, Pierre [gas-sa ng -de], French philoso¬ 
 pher, YII. 642. 
 
 Gastein [gast'-ine], valley of Austria, YII. 643. 
 
 Villages, 1 be. Springs, 1 c. 
 
 Gastein convention, YII. 643, 2 a, 758, 1 b; 
 
 XIY. 56, 1 b, 677, 2 a; XYI. 632, 2 b. 
 Gasteromyce'tes, order of fungi, YII. 533, 1 c. 
 Gasteroph'ilus (entomology), YI. 130, 1 be. 
 G. equi, III. 141 (ill.). 
 
 Gasterop'oda, class of mollusks, YII. 643 ; XI. 
 722, 2 b. Divisions of monoecious gastero- 
 pods, 2 c; of dioecious, 723, 1 ab. 
 
 Gasteros'tens (ichthyology), XY. 384, 1 b. G. 
 aculeatus, 2 a. G. biaculeatus, 2 ab (ill.). 
 G. spinachia, ib. G. quadracus, 2 b. 
 
 Gaston, county, YII. 643. 
 
 Gaston, William, American jurist, YII. 644. 
 Gaston de Foix [gas-t5 ng dub fwa], duke of 
 Nemours, French general, YII. 644. 
 
 Gastrce'a theory, Haeckel’s, YIII. 373, 1 ab. 
 Gastralgia, XII. 257, 2 b; XY. 398, 1 a. 
 Gastric fever, XY. 397, 1 ab. 
 
 Gastric follicles, degeneration of, XY. 397, 2 c. 
 Gastric Juice : see Digestion, and I. 318,1 c. 
 Its antiseptic properties, IY. 349, 2 c. First 
 obtained in the human subject, II. 430, 2 be. 
 Gastric tubules, XY. 396, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Gastritis, inflammation of the stomach, XV. 
 396, 2 c. 
 
 Gastrop'acha Americana (entomology), referred 
 to, XI. 869, 1 b. 
 
 Gastru'la: see Sponge, XY. 2S2, 1 c. 
 
 Gastrula stage (of development), YIII. 373,1 b. 
 
338 
 
 GATAKER 
 
 GEARY 
 
 Gat'aker, Thomas, English ecclesiastic, VII. 
 644. 
 
 Gatchina [gat-che'-na], town of Russia, VII. 
 644. 
 
 Gate , derivation of the word, VII. 789, 1 c. 
 Gates, county, VII. 644. 
 
 Gates, Horatio, American soldier, VII. 644. 
 Gateshead, borough of England, VII. 645. 
 Gates of the Rocky mountains , XI. 674, 1 ab. 
 Gatesville , county seats, V. 389, 2 c; VII. 644, 
 2 c. 
 
 Gath, city of Philistia, VII. 645. 
 
 Gati [ga'-te], in Buddhism, III. 396, 2 ab; 397, 
 
 1 c. 
 
 Gatling, Richard Jordan, American inventor, 
 VII. 645. 
 
 Gatling gun (mitrailleuse), I. 797, 1 a (ill.); 
 
 III. 713, 1 a; VII. 645, 2 a. 
 
 Gauchos [gaw'-clioce], S. American horsemen, 
 VII. 645 (ill., 646); I. 687, 1 c, 693, 2 b. 
 
 G auden, John, English prelate, VII. 646. 
 
 Supposed author of Icon Basililce , 2 a. 
 Gaudentius , father of Aetius, I. 155, 1 b. 
 Gaudichaud-Beaupre, Charles [go-de-sho-bo- 
 pra], French botanist, VII. 646. 
 
 Gauge [gaje], of railroads, XIV. 171, 2 c; 173, 
 
 2 c. Broad, 174, 1 a; narrow, 183, 2 be. 
 Gauging, of receptacles, VII. 646. 
 
 Gaul, two divisions of the Roman empire, 
 VII. 647. Cisalpine, 1 a. Transalpine, 2 c. 
 See France, 378, 2 b. 
 
 Gaulani'tis , territory of Palestine, II. 359, 2 b. 
 Gauley river , West Virginia, VIII. 183, 1 be. 
 Gauls, Celtic race, IV. 176, 2 c ; VII. 647, 1 b. 
 In Italy, 1 c; in France, 648, 1 c; in Asia 
 Minor, 557, 2 b. 
 
 Gaulthe'ria procum'bens (botany), XVI. 674, 
 1 b (ill.). G. shallon, 2 ab. 
 
 Gaume, Jean Joseph [gome], French author, 
 VII. 649. 
 
 Gaur [gowr] : see Gour. 
 
 Gauss, Karl Friedrich [gowce], German mathe¬ 
 matician, VII. 649. His investigations in 
 magnetism, 2 ab; XI. 8, 2 c. 
 
 Gau'tama [Hindoo, gow'-ta-ma]: see Bud¬ 
 dhism, III. 393, 2 a, and IX. 227, 2 c. 
 
 Gauth, Bertrand Garcias de [gote], (Pope 
 Clement V.), IV. 661, 1 b. 
 
 Gautier, Jean Frangois Eugene [go-tya], French 
 composer, VII. 649. 
 
 Gautier, Th6ophile, author, VII. 649. Refer¬ 
 ence to, III. 29, 2 c. 
 
 Gavarni (pseudonyme), French caricaturist, 
 VII. 650. 
 
 Gavazzi, Alessandro [ga-vat'-se], Italian preach- 
 er and reformer, VII. 650. 
 
 Gav'elkind, in English law, VII. 650; IX. 
 794, 2 a; XIII. 835, 2 c. 
 
 Gav'eston , Piers de , favorite of Edward II., VI, 
 434, 2 ab. 
 
 Ga'vial, crocodilian reptile, VII. 650 (ill.); 610, 
 2 c; II. 525, 1 a; XV. 64, 1 c. 
 
 Gavia'lis (zoology), VII. 650, 2 be. G. Ganged- 
 cus, 651, 1 be (ill.). 
 
 Gavre , prince of [gavr’], VI. 452, 2 b (Egmont). 
 
 Gay, Claude, French traveller and naturalist, 
 VII. 651. 
 
 Gay, Delphine: see Girardin, VII. 823, 2 a. 
 
 Gay, Ebenezer, American clergyman, VII. 651. 
 
 Gay, John, English poet, VII. 651. 
 
 Gay, Marie Frangoise Sophie, French novelist, 
 VII. 652. 
 
 Gaya [ga'-ya], town of India, VII. 652. 
 
 Gayangos, Pascual de [ga-yang'-goce], Spanish 
 orientalist, VII. 652. 
 
 Gayarre, Charles [glil-ar-ra'], American histo¬ 
 rian, VII. 652. 
 
 Gay-Lussao, Joseph Louis [ga-liis-sak], French 
 chemist, VII. 653. His balloon ascensions, 
 1 b; I. 147, 1 a. His discovery of the law 
 of combining volumes of gases, IV. 366, 1 
 be. His investigations in organic chemistry, 
 
 1 c;. 367, 1 a. 
 
 Gaylussacia (botany), XVI. 612, 2 be. G. 
 resinosa, 613,1 a (ill.). G. dumosa, 1 c. G. 
 frondosa, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Gayoso , county seat, XIII. 243, 1 a. 
 
 Ga'za, town of Syria, VII. 653 (view, 654). 
 Ancient city, 2 c. Its capture by Alexan¬ 
 der, 654, 1 a; I. 276, 2 a. City of Media, 
 VII. 654, 1 c. 
 
 Gaza, Theodore, learned Greek, VII. 654. 
 
 Gaz'aca: see Gaza, VII. 654, 1 c. 
 
 Gazel', oriental lyric poem, VII. 654. 
 
 Gazella dorcas (zoology), VII. 654, 2 c (ill.). 
 G. kevella, 655, 1 b (ill.). G. Soemmeringii, 
 
 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Gazelle, variety of antelope, VII. 654. Com¬ 
 mon gazelle, 2 c (ill., 655). Kevel, 655, 1 b 
 (ill.). Sommering’s gazelle, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 u Gazette f the , first newspaper in Hew York, 
 I. 138, 1 c; III. 180, 2 ab. 
 
 Gaz'olites (mineralogy), XI. 590, 1 be. 
 
 Gazzetta [gat-set'-ta], ancient Venetian news¬ 
 paper, I. 137, 2 c; XII. 338, 1 a. 
 
 Ge , in Greek mythology, XV. 660, 2 b. 
 
 Gean [ jeen], fruit of wild cherry, IV. 381, 1 a, 
 
 Geary , John W. [ga'-re or ghe'-re], governor of 
 
GEASTER 
 
 GENERATION" 
 
 339 
 
 Kansas, IX. 754, 2 c. (General in the civil 
 war, and governor of Pennsylvania 1867-’73). 
 Geaster hygrome'tria [je-as'-ter], fungus, VII. 
 533, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Geauga [je-aw'-ga], county, VII. 655. 
 
 Gjebelin, Court de: see Court de Gebelin. 
 Geber, Abu Musa Jaffar al-Sofi [ga'-ber], Ara¬ 
 bian chemist, VII. 655. His alchemical views, 
 I. 260, 2 c; discoveries in chemistry, ib ., ff. 
 See Chemistry, IV. 358, 1 a. 
 
 Gebweiler [ghep'-vl-ler], town of Alsace, VII. 
 655. 
 
 Gecar'cinus , land crab, V. 450, 2 b. 
 
 Geci'nus xir'idis (ornithology), XVI. 710, 2 ab. 
 Gecko [ghek'-ko], family of lizards, VII. 656 
 (ills., 657). 
 
 Ged, William [ghed], inventor of stereotyping, 
 VII. 657. See Printing, XIII. 850, 1 be. 
 Geddes, Alexander [ghed'-dess], Scottish eccle¬ 
 siastic, VII. 657. His translation of the 
 Bible, 2 c. 
 
 Gedemin , prince of Lithuania, X. 530, 2 b. 
 Geefs, Guillaume [gaifs], Belgian sculptor, VII. 
 
 658. Joseph and Aloys, 1 b. 
 
 Geelong [ghe-long'], city of Australia, VII. 658. 
 Geer, Karl de, baron [deh yair], Swedish natu¬ 
 ralist, VII. 658. His classification of insects, 
 
 VI. 659, 1 c. 
 
 Geerts, Charles Henri [gairts], Belgian sculp¬ 
 tor and wood carver, VII. 658. 
 Geestermunde [gais'-ter-mun-deh], seaport of 
 Prussia, VII. 658. 
 
 Geez [gheez]: see Ethiopia, Language and 
 Literature of, and I. 49, 1 c, 171, 1 a. 
 Geffrard, Fabre [zhef-frar], president of Hayti, 
 
 VII. 658; VIII. 553, 1 a. 
 
 Gefle [yev'-la], seaport of Sweden, VII. 659. 
 Geg dialect , Albania, allusion to, I. 245, 1 a. 
 Gegen khutuktu [ga'-ghen koo-took-too'], chief 
 lama of Mongolia, X. 116, 2 c. 
 
 Gehenna [ghe-hen'-na], VII. 659. See TopnET. 
 Geibel, Emanuel [ghi'-bel], German poet, VII. 
 
 659. 
 
 Geig , musical instrument, XVI. 366, 2 c. 
 Geiger, Abraham [ghi'-gher], German rabbi, 
 orientalist, and Biblical critic, VII. 659. 
 Geijer, Eric Gustaf [yi'-er], Swedish historian 
 and poet, VII. 659. 
 
 Geisler's mercurial air pump [ghice'-lers], I. 
 220, 2 c (ill., 221). 
 
 Gela [je'-la], ancient city of Sicily, VII. 660. 
 Gelas'imus vo'cans (zoology), V. 450, 1 a (ill.). 
 Gelatine [jeP-a-tin], VII. 660. See Glue, and 
 Isinglass. 
 
 Gelderland [ghel'-der-land], province of Hol¬ 
 land, VII. 661. 
 
 Geldern, town of Prussia, VII. 661. 
 
 Gelechia cerealella [je-le'-ke-a], (entomology), 
 XVI. 589, 1 c. 
 
 Gelid’ium (botany), edible birds’ nests said to 
 be formed from, I. 299, 2 c. 
 
 GeVimer , Vandal king of Africa, IX. 727, 2 c. 
 
 Gell, Sir William [jel], English scholar, VII. 661. 
 
 Gellert, Christian Flirchtegott [ghel'-lert], 
 German poet and moralist, VII. 661. 
 
 Gel'lius, Aulus, Roman grammarian, VII. 661. 
 
 Gelon, Syracusan ruler, VII. 662. 
 
 Gelsemium sempervirens (botany), IX. 570, 2 a. 
 
 Gem, VII. 662. Gem engraving, 663, 1 a; ap¬ 
 paratus for, 664, 1 b. Artificial gems, 2 b. 
 
 Gemappe: see Jemmapes. 
 
 Gemara [gliSh-ma-ra']: see Hebrews, VIII. 
 595, 1 b; Mishnah, XI. 635, 1 a; Talmud, 
 XV. 560, 2 a. 
 
 Gematria , cabalistic art, III. 521, 2 c. 
 
 Gemini [jem'-e-ne], constellation, VII. 665. 
 
 Gemis'tus, George, Byzantine scholar and phi¬ 
 losopher, VII. 665. 
 
 Gems [ghemce]: see Chamois. 
 
 Gemsbolc , antelope, I. 545, 2 a. 
 
 Gemul ) species of deer, V. 758, 2 a. 
 
 Gemunder, George [gheh-mim'-der], American 
 violin maker, VII. 665. 
 
 Gen’abum , ancient city, XII. 697,1 c (Orleans). 
 
 Genahoa , African tribe, VIII. 312, 2 c. 
 
 Gendrin, Auguste Nicolas [zha ng -dra ng ], French 
 physician, VII. 666. His theory of the death 
 of the prince of Conde, 1 c. 
 
 Gendron, Auguste [zha ng -dro ng ], French paint¬ 
 er, VII. 666. 
 
 Genelli, Bonaventura [ja-nel'-le], German 
 painter, VII. 666. Hans Christian, writer 
 and artist, 2 a. Camillo, painter, 2 ab. Ga¬ 
 briele, actress, ib. 
 
 General admiral , Russian title, I. 124, 2 a. 
 
 General assembly , Presbyterian, XIII. 809,1 be. 
 
 General average , in law : see Average. 
 
 General Baptists , in England, II. 292, 2 c; in 
 the United States, 293, 2 b. 
 
 General congress , first proposal for a, VIII. 
 663, 2 c. 
 
 General court , official name of the Massachu¬ 
 setts legislature, IX. 835,1 a, &c. 
 
 Gen.Marion's weed (Indian hemp), IX. 244,1 ab. 
 
 General Provisioners (Freewill Baptists), VII. 
 473, 2 a. 
 
 Generation: see Embryology, VI. 560, 1 c, ff. 
 Spontaneous, 2 a; I. 514, 1 b; II. 208, 
 
340 
 
 GENERATIVE 
 
 GEOLOGY 
 
 1 ab: see Spontaneous Generation. Elec¬ 
 tro-chemical, supposed case of: see Crosse, 
 V. 515, 2 a. 
 
 Generative faculty , period of the, XII. 568, 2 c. 
 Generelli [ja-na-rel'-le], geologist, his views of 
 the fossiliferous strata, VII. 688, 1 c. 
 Genesareth: see Gennesaret. 
 
 Genesee', river of New York, VII. 666. 
 Genesee, two counties, VII. 666. 
 
 Genese'o , county seat, X. 545, 1 a. 
 
 Gen'esis, first book in the Bible, VII. 667. 
 See Pentateuch. 
 
 Genest, Edmond Charles [zhuh-na], French 
 diplomatist, VII. 667; IX. 593, 2 a. 
 
 Gen'et, animal, VII. 667. Common, 2 c (ill.); 
 pale, 668, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Genet [zhuh-na or j e-net']: see Genest. 
 Genetta (zoology), VII. 667, 2 be. G. vulgaris, 
 668, 1 a (ill., 667). G. Senegalensis, 1 b (ill.). 
 Gene'va, county, VII. 668. 
 
 Geneva, village of New York, VII. 668. Ge¬ 
 neva college (Hobart Free college), 2 a. 
 Geneva , county seats, VII. 668, 1 c; IX. 742,1 a. 
 Geneva, canton of Switzerland, VII. 668. 
 City, 669, 1 ab (view). Distinguished resi¬ 
 dents of, 670, 1 ab. History, 1 b. 
 
 Geneva , alcoholic liquor: see Gin. 
 
 Geneva, Lake of, VII. 670. 
 
 Geneva convention of 1864, VII. 670, 2 b. 
 Geneve [zliuh-naiv]: see Geneva, Switzerland. 
 Genevieve, Saint [Fr. zhun-vyaiv], of Paris, 
 VII. 671. See Pantheon. Of Brabant, 2 a. 
 Genf [ghenf]: see Geneva, Switzerland. 
 Genghis Khan [jen'-ghis], conqueror, VII. 671. 
 Genii: see Jinns (Index). 
 
 Genista tinctoria (botany), XVI. 711, 2 c (ill.). 
 Genlis, Felicite Stephanie Ducrest de Saint- 
 Aubin, countess de [zha ng -leece], French au¬ 
 thoress, VII. 672. 
 
 Gennesaret, Lake of [ghen-nes'-a-ret], VII. 
 673 (view). 
 
 Genoa [jen'-o-a], province of Italy, VII. 673. 
 City, 674, 1 c. Palazzo Doria, 675, 1 ab 
 (ill., 674). Cathedral of San Lorenzo, 1 be. 
 Villa Pallavicini, 2 a. History, 2 c. 
 
 Genoa [je-no'-a], county seat, VI. 222, 2 b. 
 Genoa, Tommaso Alberto Vittore, duke of, 
 prince and naval officer, VII. 677. 
 
 Genoud [zliuh-noo] : see Genoude. 
 
 Genoude, Antoine Eugene de [zhuh-nood], 
 French journalist and author, VII. 677. 
 Genouilleres [zhuh-noo-yair], in armor, I. 732, 
 
 2 c. 
 
 Genovesi, Antonio [ja-no-va'-ze], Italian philos¬ 
 
 opher and political economist, VII. 678. 
 See Political Economy, XIII. 678, 2 b. 
 
 Genre [zha ng -ruh], in painting, XII. 801, 1 c. 
 
 Gens , in ancient Rome, XIII. 167, 2 c. 
 
 Gens des Foux [zha ng da foo], Alaska Indians, 
 IX. 787, 2 c. 
 
 Gens de Large [dull larzh], IX. 788, 1 a. 
 
 Gen'serio, Vandal conqueror, VII. 678, Sack 
 of Rome by, X. 345, 2 c; league against, 
 350, 1 a. 
 
 Genthite , mineral, XII. 432, 1 b. 
 
 Gentian, plant and medicine, VII. 679 (ills.). 
 
 Gentiana lutea (botany), VII. 679, 1 a (ill.). 
 G. Andrewsii, 2 a (ill.). Other species. 
 
 Gentiles, VII. 679. Court of the gentiles, 2 c. 
 
 Gentileschi, Orazio [jen-te-les'-ke], Italian 
 painter, VII. 680. 
 
 Gentilis , Albericus (1551-1611), X. 222, 2 b. 
 
 Gentiopicrine [jen-slie-o-pik'-rin], bitter prin¬ 
 ciple of gentian, VII. 679, 1 b. 
 
 Gentleman George , sobriquet, II. 336, 2 c. 
 
 Gentry, county, VII. 680. 
 
 Gentz, Friedrich von [ghents], German diplo¬ 
 matist and publicist, VII. 680. 
 
 Gen'va , ancient city: see Genoa. 
 
 Genus, in science, VII. 680; XIII. 592, 2 c; 
 XV. 233, 2 be, 234, 1 a. 
 
 Ge'ode, in mineralogy, VII. 680; I. 178, 2 c. 
 
 Geocori'sce (entomology), VIII. 629, 1 c. 
 
 Geod'esy, VII. 681; IV. 757, 2 b. 
 
 Geoffrey [jef'-fre], abbot of St. Albans, miracle 
 play by, XI. 626, 2 b. 
 
 Geoffrey of Monmouth, English chronicler, 
 VII. 681. 
 
 Geoffrey Plantagenet , I. 527, 2 c ; XV. 372,1 a. 
 
 Geoffrin, Marie Ther&se [zhuf-fra Dg ], distin¬ 
 guished French lady, VII. 681; X. 369, 2 b. 
 
 Geoffroy [zhuf-frwa], (Ftienne Louis, French 
 physician, 1725-1810), classification of in¬ 
 sects by, VI. 659, 2 c. 
 
 Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Ltienne [sa ng -te-lair], 
 French zoologist, VII. 681. His theory of 
 evolution, 10, 2 a and be. See Philosoph¬ 
 ical Anatomy, XIII. 423, 2 a. — Isidore, 
 zoologist, VII. 682, 2 b. His definition of a 
 monster, XI. 764, 2 a. 
 
 Geog'nosy and geogeny [ je-oj'-e-ne]: see Geol¬ 
 ogy, VII. 686, 2 c. 
 
 Geography, VII. 682. Ancient geographical 
 knowledge, 683, 1 a; geographers, 2 ab. 
 Modern discoveries, 684, 2 a, ff. Literature 
 of geography, 686, 1 b. 
 
 Geology, VII. 686. First systematic investi¬ 
 gations of fossils, 687, 2 ab. Geological 
 
GEOMANCY 
 
 GERAMB 
 
 341 
 
 theories and observations, 688, 1 ab, ff. 
 Geology in the United States, G91, 1 b; 
 geological surveys of, ib ., and 692, 1 a; of 
 British America, 2 ab. Principles of classi¬ 
 fication, 2 be; tabular view of geological 
 formations, 694; eozoic rocks, 695, 1 c; 
 palieozoic, 696, 1 b; mesozoic or secondary, 
 697, 1 be; cenozoic or tertiary, 2 ab. Suc¬ 
 cession of organic life, 2 c. Changes of 
 geographical and climatic conditions, 698, 
 1 ab. Distribution of metallic ores, &c., 
 1 c.—Influence of deep-sea dredging upon 
 advance in geological science, YI. 259, 2 be. 
 
 Ge'omancy: see Magio, X. 846, 2 c. 
 
 Geom'eters , caterpillars, IV. 106, 2 ab (ill., 
 geometra); XI. 870, 1 a. 
 
 Geometrce (entomology), III. 703, 1 c; XI. 870, 
 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Geometrical loci , VII. 701, 1 b. 
 
 Geometrical pantograph, engraving instrument, 
 
 VI. 655, 2 a. 
 
 Geometry, VII. 698; XI. 274, 2 a. Divisions 
 of, VII. 699, 2 c. History, 700, 2 b. Text 
 books, 702, 2 a. First application of geome¬ 
 try to crystalline forms, II. 558, 2 a. “ No 
 royal road to,” VI. 769, 2 ab. 
 
 Geomy'nce (zoology), VIII. 110, 1 ab. 
 
 Ge'omys (zoology), VIII. 110, 1 a. G. bursa- 
 rius, 2 a (ill.). G. pinetis, 2 c. 
 
 Geonim [ghe'-o-nim], Hebrew scholars, VIII. 
 595, 2 a. 
 
 Geoph'ilus (entomology), IV. 203, 2 c. 
 
 u Geopon'ics see Wine, XVI. 665, 1 b. 
 
 George (Lewis) I., king of Great Britain and 
 Ireland, VII. 703. 
 
 George (Augustus) II., VII. 704. 
 
 George (William Frederick) III., VII. 706. 
 His insanity, 708, 1 c, 709, 1 be; physician 
 in charge of him, XVI. 644, 1 a. His oppo¬ 
 sition to the naturalization of foreigners in 
 the American colonies, XII. 161, 2 b. 
 
 George (Augustus Frederick) IV., VII. 709. 
 His suit for divorce, 2 c: see Caroline 
 Amelia Augusta. Pages selected to act at 
 his coronation: see Belcher, Tom. 
 
 George I., king of Greece, VII. 711. 
 
 George V., ex-king of Hanover, VII. 711 ; 
 
 VI. 718, 1 a. 
 
 George, prince of Denmark, VII. 711. 
 
 George, patron saint of England, VII. 711. 
 George of Cappadocia, 712, 1 c. 
 
 George , king of the Friendly Islands, preacher, 
 
 VII. 493, 1 ab, c. 
 
 George, Enoch, American bishop, VII. 712. 
 
 George, Lake, VII. 712. Origin of the name, 
 IX. 669, 1 b. 
 
 George of Trebizond, Greek scholar, VII. 713. 
 Georges, Marguerite Josephine [zhorzhj, 
 French actress, VII. 713. 
 
 Georgetown, county, VII. 713. 
 
 Georgetown, port of entry of the District of 1 
 Columbia, VII. 713. Town of South Caro¬ 
 lina, 714, 2 b. Town of Kentucky, 2 be. 
 Georgetown, capital of British Guiana, VII. 
 714. 
 
 Georgetown , county seats, III. 334, 2 c; IV. 
 658, 1 b; X. 6, 1 b; XIV. 156, 2 a; XV. 
 494, 1 c; XVI. 643, 1 b. 
 
 Georgia, state, VII. 715. State seal, ib . 
 Population, 716, 1 a. Surface, 2 a. Coast, 
 2 b. Rivers, 2 c. Geology, 717, 1 c. Min¬ 
 erals, 2 be. Natural curiosities, 2 c. Cli¬ 
 mate, 718, 1 a. Soil and productions, 1 c. 
 Agriculture, 2 ab. Manufactures, 2 c. Com¬ 
 merce, 719, 1 b. Intercommunication, 2 ab. 
 Government, 720, 1 b. Finances, 721, 2 b. 
 Public institutions, 722, 2 b. Education, 
 2 be. Religious organizations, 724, 2 b. His¬ 
 tory, 2 be. First settlement of, XVI. 152, 
 1 a. Origin of the name, ib. Ordinance 
 of secession, VII. 725, 2 b. Reconstruc¬ 
 tion, 726, 1 b. 
 
 Georgia, country of Asia, VII. 727. Georgi¬ 
 ans, 1 c (ill.). Slave trade, 2 c. History, 
 728, 1 ab. Georgian language, 2 b; alpha¬ 
 bet, ib. (ill.). Literature, 729, 2 a (facsimile 
 of writing). 
 
 Georgia, Gulf of, VII. 729. 
 
 Georgia Augusta , university of Gottingen, 
 
 VIII. 127, 1 a. 
 
 Georgia Bark, shrub, VII. 729. 
 
 Georgia Gouperi (zoology), V. 114, 2 b. 
 
 Georgia hamster , animal, VIII. 110, 2 c. 
 Georgian Bay : see Huron, Lake. 
 
 Georgina: see Dahlia, V. 634, 1 ab. 
 
 Georgium Sidus, planet, XVI. 220, 2 c. 
 Geosaurus, fossil reptile, XI. 749, 1 be; 858, 
 1 c. 
 
 Geoth’lypis trichas [tri'-kas], (ornithology), 
 XVI. 781, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Geotru'pidce (entomology), referred to, II. 477, 
 
 1 c. 
 
 Gep'hle, Germanic people, VII. 730. 
 
 Gera [ga'-ra], town of Germany, VII. 730. 
 Gerace [ja-ra'-cha], site of Locri, X. 570, 1 be. 
 Gerah [g8r'-a], part of a shekel, XIV. 841, 2 a. 
 Geramb, Ferdinand de, baron [zhuh-ra Dg ], 
 French Trappist, VII. 730. 
 
342 
 
 GLEANED 
 
 GERMANY 
 
 Gerando, Joseph Marie de, baron [duh zha- 
 ra ng -do], philosopher and statesman,YII. 730. 
 
 Gera'nium, genus of plants. YII. 731. Spotted 
 cranesbill (G. maculatum), 1 c (ill.). Herb 
 Robert (G. Robertianum), 2 b (ill.)* Other 
 species, 732, 1 a.—Popular name of pelar¬ 
 gonium, 1 ab. Rose geranium, &c., 1 c. 
 Scarlet geranium, 2 c (ill.). Horseshoe gera¬ 
 nium, ib. (ill., 733). Pin grass, 2 ab (ill.). 
 
 Gerard', the Blessed, YII. 733 ; XIY. 535, 1 c. 
 
 Gerard [zha-rar], French caricaturist: see 
 Grand yille. 
 
 Gerard, Cecile Jules Basile, explorer, YII. 733. 
 
 Gerard, Claude , pseudonyme, XY. 515, 2 be. 
 
 Gerard, Etienne Maurice, count, marshal, 
 YII. 733. 
 
 Gerard, Francois Pascal Simon, baron, paint¬ 
 er, YII. 734. 
 
 Gerard of Flanders, mathematician, I. 302,1 b. 
 
 Gerard the Great: see Groot. 
 
 Gerard de Neeyal [zha-rar duh nair-val], 
 French author, YII. 734. 
 
 Gerard de Segarelli , founder of a sect, I. 588, 2 c. 
 
 Gerardmer [zha-rar-mair], town of France, 
 YII. 734. Lake, 2 ab. 
 
 Gerasa [gher'-a-sa], ruined city of Palestine, 
 YII. 734. Little theatre at (ill.). 
 
 Gerboa : see Jerboa. 
 
 Geedil, Hyacinthe Sigismond [zhair-deel], Sa¬ 
 voyard philosopher, YII. 735. 
 
 Gerdy, Pierre Nicolas [zhair-de], French physi¬ 
 ologist, YII. 735. 
 
 Gerfalcon : see Falcon, YII. 69, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Gergesenes [gur'-ghe-seenz], country of the, 
 YII. 550, 1 c. 
 
 Gerhard, Eduard [gair'-hart], German archae¬ 
 ologist, YII. 735. "s 
 
 Gerhardt, Charles Frederic [zha-rar], French 
 chemist, YII. 735. His chemical dogma, II. 
 583,1 c. See Chemistry, IY. 369, 1 be, 2 ab. 
 
 Gerhardt, Paul [gair'-hart], German poet and 
 theologian, YII. 736. 
 
 Gerioault, Jean Louis Theodore Andre [zha- 
 re-ko], French painter, YII. 736. 
 
 Gerlach, Otto von [fon gair'-lAh], German 
 theologian, YII. 736. Ernst Ludwig von, 
 journalist and politician, 1 c (died 1877). 
 
 Germain ', Lord George: see Sackville, XIY. 
 510, 1 c. 
 
 Germain VAuxerrois [zhair-ma ng lo-sair-wa], 
 saint: see Germanus. 
 
 German black , X. 132, 1 be. 
 
 German Catholics, sect, YII. 736. 
 
 German confederation , YII. 743, 2 c; 754, 
 
 2 b; 760, 1 b. North German confedera¬ 
 tion, 744, 1 a; 758, 2 c; 760, 1 b. 
 
 Germanen [gair-ma'-nen], students’ political 
 association, III. 478, 1 b. 
 
 German Evangelical Synod of the West, XYI. 
 118, 1 ab. 
 
 Germania: see Slang, XY. 87, 1 ab. 
 Germanic Paces and Languages, YII. 737. 
 Origin of the Germanic races, 1 be; first 
 historical migration, 2 a; ancient divisions 
 and confederations, 2 c; migrations, 738, 
 
 1 b; existing German races, 739, 1 ab, 747, 
 
 2 a. Boundaries of the modern German lan¬ 
 guage, 739, 1 b; dialects, 2 ab; derivation 
 of the Teutonic tongues, 2 be (table); table 
 of numerals, 740; degree of relationship, 
 741, 2 a; Grimm’s law, 2 b (table). 
 
 Germanicus Caesar, Eoman general, YII. 742. 
 See Arminius. 
 
 German Ivy, YII. 742 (ill., 743). 
 
 German Methodist church: see Evangelical 
 Association. 
 
 German Ocean : see North Sea. 
 
 German Reformed Church in the United States 
 of America, XIY. 258, 2 a. 
 
 German Reichsland [rikes'-lant]: see Alsace- 
 Lorraine. 
 
 German Sappho, the , IX. 770, 1 a. 
 
 German Seventh-Day Baptists: see Dunkers, 
 YI. 316, 2 be. 
 
 German Silver, YII. 743; I. 336, 1 c; XII. 
 
 432, 2 a; XYI. 817, 1 be. 
 
 German system, in fortification, YII. 329, 2 c; 
 332, 2 a. 
 
 Germantown, part of Philadelphia, YII. 743. 
 Battle of, 2 a. 
 
 Germanus, Saint, YII. 743. 
 
 Germany, empire of Europe, YII. 743. (Map.) 
 Changes of political organization, 2 c. Pres¬ 
 ent extent, 744, 1 b. Topography, 2 ab. 
 Coasts, 745, 2 a. Hydrography, 2 ab. Cli¬ 
 mate, 746, 1 b. Animals, 1 c. Minerals, 
 2 b. Soil and productions, 2 c. Inhabit¬ 
 ants, 747, 1 be. Agriculture, 2 c. Manu¬ 
 factures, 748, 1 b. Commerce, 749, 1 a. 
 Currency, 1 c. Intercommunication, 2 a. 
 Political divisions, 2 c. Government, 750, 
 
 1 a. Finances, 2 ab. Military system, 2 b. 
 Eeligion, 751, 1 b. Education, art, &c., 2 b. 
 —History, 752, 1 b. Carlovingian dynasty* 
 
 2 b; Saxon, 753, 1 a; Franconian, 1 ab; 
 Hohenstaufen (Swabian), 1 b; Hapsburg, 
 1 c—finally established, 2 b. The reforma¬ 
 tion, 2 be. Thirty years’ war, 754, 1 a. 
 
GERMANY 
 
 GHAZEEPORE 
 
 343 
 
 Dissolution of the empire, 1 c. Domination 
 of Napoleon, 2 a. German confederation, 
 2 ab. Revolution of 1848, Y55, 1 a. Fran- 
 co-Austrian war, 2 c. Struggles for and 
 against German unity, 2 a, 759, 2 ab. Schles¬ 
 wig-Holstein difficulty, 757, 2 a. Prusso- 
 Austrian war, 758, 2 a. Luxemburg ques¬ 
 tion, 759, 1 ab. Franco-German war, 760, 
 1 ab. Establishment of the empire, 1 c. 
 
 Germany, Language and Literature of, VII. 
 761. Modern High German language, 2 a. 
 Early legendary and religious poems, 762, 2 b. 
 Minnesanger, 768, 1 c; Meistersanger, 2 be, 
 764, 2 c. Period of the reformation, 764, 
 1 b. Learned and scientific literature of the 
 16th century, 765,1 a. First Silesian school 
 of poetry, 1 c. Fiction and prose of the 
 17th century, 2 c. Literary reform in the 
 18th century, 766, 1 ab. Rival schools, 1 c. 
 Storm and stress period, 767, 2 a. Golden 
 era of German literature, 2 b. Romantic 
 school, 768, 1 b. Modern Swabian school, 
 769, 1 b. “ Young Germany,” 1 c. Recent 
 fiction, 2 a; poetry, 770, 1 ab ; drama, 1 c ; 
 historical writings, 2 c; Culturgeschichte , 
 771, 1 c; travels, 2 a; writers in various 
 departments, 772, 1 ab, ff. 
 
 Germany, Wines of, VII. 773. 
 
 Germersheim [gair'-merce-hime], town of Ba¬ 
 varia, VII. 775. 
 
 Germ, theory of disease, XVI. 844, 2 a. 
 
 Gerok, Karl [ga'-ruk], German prelate and 
 poet, VII. 775. 
 
 Gerome [zlia-ruh-ma]: see Gerardmer. 
 
 Gerome, Jean L6on [zha-rome], French paint¬ 
 er, VII. 776. 
 
 Gerona [ k ha-ro'-na], province of Spain, VII. 
 776. Capital city, 1 c. 
 
 Geron'ticus (ornithology), IX. 144, 1 c. G. 
 iEthiopicus, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Gerontius, general of Constantine, XVI. 564,1b. 
 
 Gerry, Elbridge [gher'-re], American states¬ 
 man, VII. 776. 
 
 Gers [zhair], department of France, VII. 776. 
 
 Gersdorfite [ghers'-dorf-ite], ore, XII. 432, 1 b. 
 
 Gersen: see Kempis, IX. 787, 1 a, and Gerson, 
 VII. 777, 1 c. 
 
 Gerson, Jc-an Charlier de [zhair-so ng ], French 
 theologian, VII. 776. At the council of Con¬ 
 stance, 777, 1 ab. See Philosophy, XIII. 
 440, 1 c. 
 
 Gerson ben Judah, Jewish rabbi of France, 
 VII. 777. 
 
 Gerson , Levi ben: see Philosophy, XIII. 440,1 a. 
 
 Gerstacker, Friedrich [gair'-stek-ker], German 
 traveller and novelist, VII. 777. 
 
 Gerunda , ancient city, VII. 776, 1 c. 
 Gervinus, Georg Gottfried [gair-ve'-noos], Ger¬ 
 man historian and statesman, VII. 777. 
 Gesalic [glies'-a-lik],bastard son of Alaric II., 
 referred to, I. 238, 2 a. 
 
 Geryones [je-ri'-o-neez], capture of the oxen of, 
 VIII. 679, 2 c. 
 
 Gesenius, Friedrich Heinrich Wilhelm [ga-za'- 
 ne-oos], German orientalist, VII. 778. 
 Gesner, Konrad von [ghes'-ner], Swiss natu¬ 
 ralist and philologist, VII. 778. 
 
 Gesori'acum, ancient town, III. 153, 2 a. 
 Gessler [ghes'-ler]: see Tell, XV. 631, 2 c. 
 
 Gessler’s castle, so styled, X. 65, 1 ab. 
 Gessner, Salomon, Swiss painter and poet, VII. 
 778. 
 
 Gestation: see Obstetrics, XII. 568, 2 c. Du¬ 
 ration of in mammals, I. 511, 2 c. 
 
 Gesil, Joseph Guarnerius del [ ja-zoo']: see 
 Guarneri, VIII. 288, 1 be; Violin, XVI. 
 365, 1 be. 
 
 Geta, P. Septimius: see Caracalla. 
 
 Getas, Thracian tribe, VII. 778. 
 
 GETnsEMANE [gheth-sem'-a-ne], VII. 778 (ill., 
 779) ; XII. 619, 2 a. 
 
 Gettysburg, borough of Pennsylvania, VII. 779. 
 Gettysburg, Battle of, VII. 779 (map); X. 
 307, 1 c. 
 
 Geyserite [ghi'-zer-ite]: see Geysers, VII. 784, 
 1 be, 788, 2 b; XII. 642, 1 c. 
 
 Geysers, boiling springs, VII. 783. In Ice¬ 
 land, 1 c. Theory of their cause, 784, 1 c. 
 In New Zealand, 2 be. In the United States, 
 785, 1 c. Thud geyser, 786, 1 c (ill.). The 
 Giantess, 787, 2 a (ill.). The Giant geyser, 
 
 788, 1 ab (ill.). 
 
 Gfro'rer, August Friedrich, German historian, 
 VII. 789. 
 
 Ghadames [ga-da'-mess], town of Africa, VII. 
 
 789. 
 
 Ghara [ga'-ra]: see Sutlej. 
 
 Ghardeia : see Gardaia. 
 
 Gharib, Mount: see Agrib. 
 
 Ghauts, mountain ranges in Hindostan, VII. 
 
 789. Western, 1 c. The Neilgherries and 
 Eastern Ghauts, 2 be. Geological structure, 
 
 790, 1 a. 
 
 Ghauts , flights of stone steps on the Ganges, 
 II. 514, 2 ab, 669, 1 a (ill.); VII. 611,1 be. 
 Ghawazi [ga-wa'-ze]: see Almeh, and VL 
 727, 2 b. 
 
 Ghazeepore : see Ghazepooe. 
 
344 
 
 GHAZEL 
 
 GIGOUX 
 
 Ghazel: see Gazel. 
 
 Ghazepoor', town of India, VII. 790. 
 
 Ghazna: see Ghuzni. 
 
 Ghazy-ed-Deen, vizier, I. 211, 2 b. 
 
 Ghebers: see Guebres. 
 
 Ghee, kind of butter, VII. 790. 
 
 Gheel [gail], town of Belgium, VII. 790. 
 Gheneh : see Keneh. 
 
 Ghent, city of Belgium, VII. 790 (ill., 791). 
 History, 2 c. Treaty of (1814), 792, 1 a; 
 XVI. 164, 2 a; I. 101, 1 b. 
 
 Gherardesca, Ugolino della [ga-rar-des'-ka], 
 Italian partisan leader, VII. 792. 
 
 Ghergis [ghSr'-jis], Mohammedan name of St. 
 
 George, VII. 712, 1 bo. 
 
 GHERiAn [gher'-e-a], town of India, VII. 792. 
 Ghetti , Jews’ quarters, VIII. 597, 1 a. 
 
 Ghetto , Jews’ quarter in Rome, XIV. 415, 2 a. 
 Ghibellines: see Guelpiis and Ghibellines 
 (Index). 
 
 Ghiberti, Lorenzo [glie-bair'-te], Italian sculp¬ 
 tor, architect, and painter, VII. 792. 
 
 Ghika , Alexander , prince [ghe'-ka], hospodar 
 of Wallachia, XVI. 433, 2 ab. Gregory, 
 hospodar of Moldavia, XI. 705, 1 a. Ilis 
 act of emancipation referred to, I. 274, 1 a. 
 Helen: see Dora d’Istria. 
 
 Ghilan [ghe-lan'], province of Persia, VII. 793. 
 Ghiljies or Ghilzais, Afghan tribe, I. 160, 2 a. 
 Ghirlandaio, Domenico del [gheer-lan-da'-yo], 
 Italian painter, VII. 793. 
 
 Ghislieri, Michele [ghees-lya'-re], (Pope Pius 
 V.), XIII. 558, 2 c. 
 
 Ghizeh: see GizEn. 
 
 Ghiznee: see Ghuzni. 
 
 Ghoolghoola , hill and city: see Bamian. 
 
 Ghor , depressed plain, IX. 683, 2 c. 
 
 Ghorides [gor'-ids], Turkish dynasty, XVI. 
 69, 1 b. 
 
 Ghoul [gool]: see Vampire, and VII. 63, 1 c. 
 Ghuznevules [guz'-ne-vids], Turkish dynasty, 
 XVI. 69, 1 b. See Ghuzni. 
 
 Ghuzni [ghz'-ne], city of Afghanistan, VII. 793; 
 I. 161, 1 c. 
 
 Gian Della Bella [jan], revolution of, V. 670, 
 2 a. 
 
 Giant, VII. 793. Giants of the Bible, 2 c. 
 Legendary giants, 794,1 a; ancient and mod¬ 
 ern, 2 b. 
 
 Giant , bird, XI. 292, 1 b. 
 
 Giant powder , II. 699, 2 b; VII. 37, 1 c. 
 Giants’ Causeway, VII. 795 (ill.). 
 
 Giaour [jowr], Turkish term of insult, VII. 
 796 ; VIII. 295, 1 c. 
 
 Gibberish: see Slang, XV. 85, 2 ab. 
 
 Gibbon [ghib'-bun], genus of apes, VII. 796. 
 Gibbon, Edward, English historian, VII. 796, 
 Gibbons, Grinling, wood carver and sculptor, 
 VII. 798. 
 
 Gibbons, Orlando, composer, VII. 798. 
 
 Gibbs, Josiah Willard, American philologist^ 
 VII. 798. 
 
 Gibbs, Wolcott, chemist, VII. 799. 
 
 Gibbsite , mineral, I. 366, 2 c; 367, 1 c. 
 
 Gibeon [gliib'-e-on], city of Palestine, VII. 799. 
 Gibraltar [jib-rawl'-tar], fortified rock, coast 
 of Spain, VII. 799 (view, 800). Town, 2 c. 
 Bay, 800, 2 a. Strait, 1 c. History, 2 c. 
 Gibraltar , county seat, VI. 213, 1 c. 
 
 Gibraltar , Hungarian: see Peterwardein. 
 Gibraltar of America (Quebec), XIV. 139, 2 a. 
 Gibraltar of the North (Sveaborg), XV. 497, 
 
 1 ab. 
 
 Gibson, two counties, VII. 801. 
 
 Gibson , county seat, VII. 838, 2 b. 
 
 Gibson, John, English sculptor, VII. 801. 
 Gibson , Richard , dwarf, VI. 336, 1 ab. 
 Giddings, Joshua Reed, American statesman, 
 VII. 802. 
 
 Gideon, Hebrew judge, VII. 802. 
 
 Gien [zhya ug ], town of France, VII. 803. 
 Giesebrecht, Friedrich Wilhelm Benjamin von 
 [ghe'-zeh-bre c ht], German historian, VII. 803. 
 Gieseler, Johann Karl Ludwig [ghe'-zeh-ler], 
 German church historian, VII. 803. 
 
 Giessen [ghees'-sen], town of Germany, VII. 
 
 803. University, 2 a: see Marburg. 
 
 Giffard injector , I. 117, 1 a. 
 
 Giffard's balloon valve, I. 149, 2 c (ill., 150). 
 Gifford, Helen Selina, countess, English poet¬ 
 ess, VII. 803. 
 
 Gifford, Robert Swain, American painter, VII. 
 803. 
 
 Gifford, Sandford Robinson, American paint¬ 
 er, VII. 803. 
 
 Gifford, William, English author, VII. 804. 
 Gift, in law, VII. 804. Gifts inter vivos , 2 ab; 
 
 causa mortis , 805, 1 be. 
 
 Gift enterprises : see Gaming, VII. 609, 1 a. 
 Gig [jig]: see Slang, XV. 85, 2 c. 
 
 Gigan'tes, in mythology, XVI. 220, 1 c. 
 Gigarti'na helminthocor'ton (botany), VII. 515, 
 
 2 be. 
 
 Gig mill [ghig], for teasling, XVI. 719, 2 a. 
 Gignoux, Francois Rdgis [zhe-nyoo], French 
 painter, VII. 805. 
 
 Gigoux, Jean Francois [zhe-goo], French paint 
 er, VII. 806. 
 
GIGUE 
 
 GIORNATE 
 
 345 
 
 Gigue [Fr. zlieeg], fiddle, XVI. 306, 2 c. 
 
 Gihon [ghi'-hon], pool of, IX. 612, 2 be. 
 
 Gijon [ k he- k hone'], seaport of Spain, YII. 806. 
 
 Gila [he'-laj, river, YII. 806. Gila valley, I. 
 711, 2 b. Remains of early civilization, ib. 
 
 Gilbert , Dr. (William, 1540-1603, physician to 
 Queen Elizabeth), so-called founder of the 
 science of electricity, YI. 500, 2 c (“De Mag- 
 nete magneticisque Corporibus, et de inagno 
 Magnete Tellure,” &c., 1600). 
 
 Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, English navigator, 
 YII. 800; I. 669, 1 a. 
 
 Gilbert, Sir John, painter, YII. 806. 
 
 Gilbert , Mrs. (Ann Taylor), XY. 593, 1 c. 
 
 Gilbert of Sempringham , Saint: see Gilber- 
 tines. 
 
 Gilbertines [ghil'-ber-tins], religious order, 
 YII. 807. Referred to, XI. 729, 2 b. 
 
 Gilbert Islands, Pacific ocean, YII. 807. 
 
 Gil Dices [zheel bla; Sp. k heel bias]: see Le 
 Sage, X. 366, 1 b, and Espinel, YI. 729, 1 a. 
 
 Gilboa [ghil-bo'-a], mountain of Palestine, YII. 
 807. 
 
 Gild as, British historian, YII. 807. 
 
 Gildemeister, Otto [ghil'-deh-mice-ter], Ger¬ 
 man writer, YII. 807. 
 
 Gildixg, YII. 807. Chemical gilding, 808, 1 b ; 
 burnish, ib.; oil, 2 a; wash (amalgamation 
 process), 2 c. Gilding of books, 808, 2 b; 
 of silver, 809, 1 c; of buttons, &c., ib .; of 
 porcelain, &c., 2 ab. 
 
 Gilding wax , YII. 809, 1 b. 
 
 Gilead, mountain group of Palestine, YII. 809. 
 See Gad, 550, 1 b. 
 
 Giles [jiles], two counties, YII. 809. 
 
 Giles, Henry, American clergyman and lec¬ 
 turer, YII. 810. 
 
 Giles, William Branch, American statesman, 
 YII. 810. 
 
 Gilfillax, George [ghil-fil'-lan], Scottish au¬ 
 thor, YII. 810. 
 
 Gilford , county seat, II. 495, 1 ab. 
 
 Gillespie, county, YII. 810. 
 
 Gillespie, William Mitchell, American author, 
 YII. 810. 
 
 Gillespie. Thomas, Scottish clergyman, referred 
 
 to, XIII. 811, 1 c. 
 
 Gillies, John, Scottish historian, YII. 810. 
 
 Gilliflower [jiT-], YII. 811 (ills.). Referred 
 to, XVI. 363, 1 a. 
 
 Glllmore, Quincy Adams, American soldier 
 and engineer, YII. 811. * 
 
 Gillott, Joseph [gbil'-lut], English manufac¬ 
 turer, YII. 811. 
 
 Gillray, James, English engraver and carica¬ 
 turist, YII. 812. 
 
 Gills (popularly so styled), of mushrooms, 
 XII. 70, 2 c, 71, 1 a. 
 
 Gilman, Chandler Robbins, American physi¬ 
 cian, YII. 812. 
 
 Gilman, John Taylor, statesman, YII. 812. 
 
 Gilman, Samuel, clergyman, YII. 812. Caro¬ 
 line, authoress, 2 c. 
 
 Gilmer, two counties, YII. 812. 
 
 Gilmer , county seat, XYI. 218, 2 c. 
 
 Gilolo [je-lo'-lo], East Indian island, VII. 813. 
 
 Gilpin, county, YII. 813. 
 
 Gilpin, Bernard, English ecclesiastic, YII. 813. 
 
 Gimbals [jim'-], of the mariner’s compass, Y. 
 187, 1 ab. 
 
 Gimlet [ghim'-], varieties of, III. 98, 2 c, 99, 
 1 be (ills.). 
 
 Gin, distilled spirit, YII. 813. Adulteration of, 
 I. 133, 2 c; flavorings, 134, 1 a. 
 
 Gin act, of 1736, in England, VII. 705, 1 c. 
 
 Gindely, Anton [gliin'-deh-le], German histo¬ 
 rian, YII. 814. 
 
 Ginger, YII. 814. Ginger plant, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Gingercake rock , North Carolina, XII. 490, 2 be. 
 
 Ginger grass , X. 337, 1 a. 
 
 Gingko [jing'-ko], tree, VII. 814 (ill., 815). 
 
 Gingras, county, VII. 815. 
 
 Ginguene, Pierre Louis [zha ng -guh-na], French 
 historian, YII. 815. 
 
 Gin liver, disease, VI. 266, 1 b. 
 
 Gin'seng, root, VII. 816. Herb, 1 a (ill.). Dis¬ 
 covery of in Canada, X. 101, 1 ab. 
 
 Ginungagap [glie-noon'-ga-gap], in Norse my¬ 
 thology, XII. 119, 2 b. 
 
 Gioberti, Giovanni Antonio [jo-bair'-te], Ital¬ 
 ian chemist, YII. 816. 
 
 Gioberti, Vincenzo, philosopher, YII. 816. 
 See Moral Philosophy, XI. 815, 1 c; Phi¬ 
 losophy, XIII. 445, 1 a. 
 
 Giobertine tincture [jo'-ber-tin], for restoring 
 ancient writings, YII. 816, 1 c; XIII. 12, 
 1 c. 
 
 Giocondo, Fra Giovanni [jo-kon'-do], Italian 
 architect, YII. 818. 
 
 Gioja [jo'-ya], town of Italy, YII. 818. 
 
 Gioja, Flavio: see Compass, Y. 186, 2 ab, and 
 XII. 180, 1 c. 
 
 Gioja, Melchiorre, Italian political economist, 
 YII. 818. See Philosophy, XIII. 444, 2 ab. 
 
 Giordano, Luca [jor-da'-no], Italian painter, 
 YII. 818. 
 
 Giorgione [jor-jo'-na], Italian painter, YII. 818. 
 
 Giornate [jor-na'-ta], Sardinian acre, I. 72, 2 c. 
 
346 
 
 GIOTTESCHI 
 
 GLAIVE 
 
 Giotteschi [jot-tes'-ke], painters, disciples of 
 Giotto, XII. 797, 1 c. 
 
 Giotto, Italian painter, VII. 819; XIII. 797, 
 1 b. His campanile, III. 661, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Giovanni da Fiesole [jo-van'-ne da fya'-zo-la]: 
 see Angelico, Fra. 
 
 Giovenazzo , duke of [jo-va-nat'-so]: see Cel- 
 
 LAMARE. 
 
 Giovine Italia [jo-ve'-na e-ta'-lya], secret or¬ 
 ganization, IX. 451, 2 c. 
 
 Giovio, Paolo [jo'-vyo], Italian historian, VII. 
 819. 
 
 Gipsies: see Gypsies. 
 
 Giraffa Camelopardalis (zoology), VII. 819, 2 be 
 (ill., 820). 
 
 Giraffe [je-raf], VII. 819 (ill., 820); 1.168, 2 b. 
 
 Giralda , the , of Seville, XIV. 790, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Giraldtjs Oambrensis : see Barry, Gerald. 
 
 Girard [je-rard'J, county seat, V. 466, 1 c. 
 
 Girard, Philippe de [zhe-rar], French inventor, 
 VII. 821. 
 
 Girard, Stephen, American merchant and 
 banker, VII. 821. 
 
 Girard college , Philadelphia, VII. 822, 1 ab; 
 XIII. 400, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Girardin, Emile de [duh zhe~rar-da ng ], French 
 journalist, VII. 822. Delphine Gay, author¬ 
 ess, 823, 2 a. 
 
 Girardin, Jean Pierre Louis, chemist, VII. 823, 
 
 Girardin, Marc, journalist, VII. 824. 
 
 Girardon, Francois [zhe-rar-do ng ], sculptor, 
 VII. 824. 
 
 Girasol (Fr. zhe-ra-zul; Eng. girasole , jir'-a- 
 sole), variety of opal, XII. 642, 1 ab. 
 
 Girasole (heliotrope), VIII. 620, 2 ab. 
 
 Gieaud, Charles Joseph Barthelemy [zhe-ro] 
 French jurist, VII. 824. 
 
 Giraud palace , in Eome, X. 354, 1 be. 
 
 Girdle (of the diamond), V. 75, 1 b. 
 
 Girdle of Venus: see Cestits. 
 
 Girgenti [jeer-jen'-te], province of Sicily, VII. 
 824. Capital city, 2 c. 
 
 Girodet-Trioson, Anne Louis [zhe-ruh-da-tre- 
 uh-zo ng ], French painter, VII. 825. 
 
 Giromeix [zhe-ruh-ma]: see Gerardmer. 
 
 Gironde [zhe-ro ng d], department of France, 
 VII. 825. Wines of, 410, 2 a. Eiver, 626, 2 a. 
 
 Girondins [zhe-ro ng -da ng ]: see Girondists. 
 
 Girondists, French political party, VII. 825. 
 
 Gisarme [ghis'-arm]: see Bill, II. 639, 1 c. 
 
 Gislason, Conrad [ghis'-la-son], Icelandic phi¬ 
 lologist, VII. 825. 
 
 Gisors [zhe-zor], town of France, VII. 826. 
 
 Gita Govin'da [ghe'-ta], poem, IX. 584, 2 b. 
 
 Gitschin [ghit'-shin], town of Bohemia, VII. 
 826. 
 
 Gitjdici, Paolo Emiliani [joo-de'-che], Italian 
 author, VII. 826. 
 
 Giulio Eomano [joo'-lyo ro-ma'-no], Italian 
 painter and architect, VII. 826. 
 
 Giurgevo [joor-ja'-vo], town of Eoumania, 
 VII. 826. 
 
 Giusti, Giuseppe, Italian poet, VII. 826. 
 Gitjstiniani, Agostino Pantaleone [joos-te-ne- 
 a'-ne], prelate and philologist, VII. 826. 
 Givet [zhe-va], town of France, VII. 827. 
 Givors [zhe-vor], town of France, VII. 827. 
 Gizeh [ghe'- or je'-za], town of Egypt, VII. 827. 
 Gizzard: see Comparative Anatomy, V. 181, 
 
 1 c. 
 
 Glacial acetic acid , I. 62, 1 c. 
 
 Glacial Theory : see Diluvium, and Glacier. 
 Glaciation: see Diluvium, VI. 113, 1 ab. 
 Glacier [glas'-e-er], VII. 827. Characteristics, 
 
 2 a. Glaciers of America, 2 c; of Asia, 828, 
 1 b; of the Alps, 1 be. Movement of, 2 a. 
 Moraines, 2 be. Glacial theory, 829, 1 a. 
 Transportation of rocks, 1 b. Eate of prog¬ 
 ress, 1 c. Changes of structure, 830, 1 c. 
 Dirt bands in, 831, 1 a.—Action and former 
 extent of glaciers, I. 175, 2 c, 176, 1 a, b; 
 becoming icebergs, VII. 828, 1 b. Famous 
 glaciers, XVI. 241, 2 a; Alaskan, I. 241, 2 c; 
 Alpine, 352, 2 a; in polar seas, XIII. 653, 2 b. 
 
 Gladbach [glad'-baJh], two towns of Prussia, 
 VII. 831. Monchen-Gladbach, 1 b. Ber- 
 gisch-Gladbach, 1 c. 
 
 Gladiator , ancient statue: see Borghese glad - 
 iator (Index). “The Dying,” XIV. 415, 2 a. 
 Gladiators, VII. 831. 
 
 Gladio'lus, genus of plants, VII. 831. Com¬ 
 mon gladiolus (G. communis), 2 b (ill., 832); 
 249, 1 a. Other species, 832, 1 a. 
 
 Gladsheim [glads'-hime], in Horse mythology, 
 XII. 120, 1 b. 
 
 Glads'muir , battle of, XIII. 828, 1 a. 
 Gladstone, William Ewart, English statesman 
 and author, VII. 832. 
 
 Gladwin, county, VII. 834. 
 
 Glagolit'ic, a Slavonic form of writing, VII. 
 834; II. 787, 2 b. 
 
 Glaire, Jean Baptiste [glair], French theolo^ 
 gian and orientalist, VII. 834. 
 
 Glais-Bizoin, Alexandre [gla-be-zwa ng ], French 
 politician, VII. 834. (Died 1877.) 
 
 Glaisher, James, British meteorologist VII- 
 834. See Aeronautics, I. 147, 2 a. 
 
 Glaive: see Bill, II. 639, 1 c. 
 
GLAMORGANSHIRE 
 
 GLIDDON 
 
 347 
 
 Glamorganshire, county of "Wales, VII. 835. 
 Gland, in anatomy, VII. 835 (ills.). Aggre¬ 
 gated or conglomerate glands, 1 c; XV. 604, 
 1 a; XIV. 566, 1 c. Brunner’s, IX. 324, 
 
 1 a. Ductless, VII. 836,1 a; XV. 280,2 ab. 
 Lachrymal: see Tears. Meibomian, XV. 
 79, 2 a. Pacchionian, III. 188, 2 b; XII. 
 779, 1 c. Perspiratory (sudoriparous): see 
 Perspiration. Salivary : see Salivary 
 Glands. Sebaceous, XV. 79, 1 b. 
 
 Glanders, equine disease, VII. 836. 
 
 Glandules Pacchioni, XII. 779, 1 c; III. 188, 
 
 2 b (Pacchionian glands). 
 
 Glandular follicles, ultimate (ill.), VII. 835, 2 a. 
 Glandule, mucous (ill.), VII. 835, 2 b. 
 
 Glanvil, Ranulf de, chief justiciary of Eng¬ 
 land, VII. 837. 
 
 Glanvill, Joseph, English divine and philoso¬ 
 pher, VII. 837. 
 
 Glare’ola (ornithology), XIII. 804, 2 be. G. 
 
 pratincola, 2 c (ill., 805). 
 
 Glartjs [gla'-roos], or Glaris, canton of Switz¬ 
 erland, VII. 837. Capital town, 838, 2 a. 
 Glascock, county, VII. 838. 
 
 Glaserite: see Potassium, XIII. 761, 1 c. 
 Glasgow [glas'-go], city of Scotland, VIII. 5 
 (ill., Albert bridge). Cathedral, 6, 1 a. 
 University, 1 ab. Commerce and manufac¬ 
 tures, 1 be. History, 2 a. 
 
 Glasgow , county seat, II. 336, 1 c. 
 
 Glass, VIII. 6. History of glass making, 7, 
 
 1 a. Theban glass blowers, 1 b (ill.). 
 Egyptian bottle and Assyrian vase (ills.), 
 
 2 a. Cesnola’s Cypriote collection, 2 c (ills., 
 8). Portland vase, 8, 1 c (ills.). Venetian 
 glass, 2 a (ill., 9); Bohemian, 2 c (ill., 9); 
 French, 9, 1 a. First use of window glass, 
 2 a. Glass making in England, 2 c; in the 
 United States, 10, 1 b. Composition of 
 glass, 2 c; varieties of, 11, 2 a (table); prop¬ 
 erties of, 12, 1 be. Action of sunlight on, 
 2 b. Crude materials for, 13, 1 be. Melt¬ 
 ing of, 2 c; melting pots, 14, 1 be (ill.). 
 Tools, 2 c (ills., 15). Flint glass, 15, 2 b; 
 making a wine glass, 2 c (ills., 16); hand 
 press, 16, 1 c (ill.). Crown glass, 2 b. Sheet 
 glass, 17, 1 c; blowing the cylinder, 2 a 
 (ill.); different stages of, 2 b (ill., 18). Plate 
 glass, 19, 1 b (see Barium, II. 313, 2 b) ; 
 casting table, 2 a (ill.). Lenses, 20, 2 a. 
 Annual production of plate glass, 21, 1 be.— 
 Colored and ornamented glasses, 2 b; filigree 
 glass, 23, 1 c (ill.); cameo incrustation, 24, 
 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Glass, Soluble, VIII. 24; XVI. 495, 2 b. Use 
 of as a fire-proof, VIII. 24, 2 c. 
 
 Glass, John, Scottish clergyman, XIV. 598,1 a. 
 
 Glasshouse Field, Massachusetts, VIII. 10, 1 be. 
 
 Glassites : see Sandemanians. 
 
 Glass Painting, VIII. 25. Founder of the 
 modern school, I. 215, 2 b. 
 
 Glass rope : see Glass Sponge. 
 
 Glass Snake, VIII. 27 (ill.); II. 724, 1 a. 
 
 Glass Sponge, VIII. 28 (ill., 29). 
 
 Glasswort, plant, I. 322, 1 a (Alkali) ; XIV. 
 593, 2 a. 
 
 Glassy sailor, mollusk, XI. 722, 2 a. 
 
 Glastonbury, town of England, VIII. 29. 
 Ruins of, ih. 
 
 Glastum, woad, XVI. 693, 2 be. 
 
 Glatz [glats], town of Prussia, VIII. 29. 
 
 Glauber, Johann Rudolf [glow'-ber], German 
 chemist, VIII. 29; IV. 359, 2 ab. 
 
 Glauber’s Salt [glaw'-berz], VIII. 30. 
 
 Glauchau [glow'- k liow], town of Saxony, 
 VIII. 30. 
 
 Glaucium luteum (botany), XIII. 715, 1 c. 
 
 Glaucopidians (entomology), VIII. 532, 2 be; 
 533, 1 b, 2 b. 
 
 Glauous, mythical, of Potnim, VIII. 30. Of 
 Anthedon, 2 b. 
 
 Glaucus (mollusca), XI. 722, 2 c. 
 
 Glazing, of cotton goods, III. 580, 2 c; of 
 pottery, XIII. 790, 2 ab; of porcelain, 791, 
 2 a, c, 792, 1 a. 
 
 Gleditschia triacanthos (botany), VIII. 795, 
 1 c (ill.); 604, 2 b. 
 
 Gleig, George Robert [gleg], Scottish author, 
 VIII. 30. 
 
 Gleim, Johann Wilhelm Ludwig [glime], Ger¬ 
 man poet, VIII. 31. His connection with 
 the “ poetical union of Halberstadt,” 387,1 b. 
 
 Gleiwitz [gli'-vits], town of Prussia, VIII. 31. 
 
 Glencoe', glen of Scotland, VIII. 31. Pass 
 of (ill.). Massacre of, 1 c. See Dalrymple, 
 V. 647, 1 b. 
 
 Glencoe, county seat, X. 797, 2 c. 
 
 Glen'dower, Owen, Welsh chieftain, VIII. 31. 
 
 Glendwr [glen'-door]: see Glendower. 
 
 Glengarry, county of Canada, VIII. 32. 
 
 Glen Pose, county seat, XV. 161, 2 b. 
 
 Glen’s Falls, village of New York, VIII. 32. 
 
 Glenville, county seat, VII. 813, 1 a. 
 
 Glenwood, county seats, XI. 557, 1 b (city); 
 XIII. 706, 2 b. 
 
 Gliadine [gli'-a-din]: see Gluten, VIII. 46, 1 b. 
 
 Gliddon, George Robins, American Egyptolo¬ 
 gist, VIII, 33. 
 
3L8 
 
 GLOBE 
 
 GNEIST 
 
 Globe, Artificial, VIII. 32. 
 
 Globe, the [Fr. glub], French newspaper, XII. 
 
 337, 1 a; X. 364, 2 b; VI. 595, 2 b. 
 
 Globe amaranths , immortelles, IX. 196, 2 c. 
 Globe Fish : see Sea Porcupine. 
 
 Globiceph'alus (zoology), II. 677, 2 c; VI. 193, 
 1 a. G. melas, 1 be (ill.). 
 
 Globigeri'na, microscopic animal, VIII. 34. 
 
 G. bnlloides (ill.), 2 b. Fossil, VII. 311, 2 b. 
 Globulines [glob'-yu-lins]: see Proteine, XIV. 
 31, 1 b. 
 
 Glogau [glo'-gow], town of Prussia, VIII. 35. 
 Gloire [glwar], iron-clad frigate, IX. 379, 2 c. 
 Glom'men, river of Norway, VIII. 35. 
 Glonoine [glo'-no-in], VII. 36, 2 a. 
 
 Gloria in excelsis , doxology, VI. 236, 2 c. 
 Gloria Patri , doxology, VI. 236, 2 c. 
 
 Glory Pea, plant, VIII. 35 (ill.). 
 
 Glossan'thrax , disease of animals, XII. 61, 1 b. 
 Glossary , VI. 92, 2 c. 
 
 Glossators, glosses: see Civil Law, IV. 625,1 b. 
 Glossi’na (entomology), XVI. 20, 1 c. G. 
 
 morsitans, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Glossop, town of England, VIII. 35. 
 
 Glottis (anatomy), XIII. 382, 2 b. 
 
 Gloucester [glos'-ter], two counties, VIII. 35. 
 Gloucester, county, New Brunswick, VIII. 36. 
 Gloucester, city of Massachusetts, VIII. 36. 
 Gloucester, city of England, VIII. 37. Cathe¬ 
 dral, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Gloucester, duke of, regent for Richard II., 
 XIV. 313, 2 be. Regent for Henry VI., II. 
 425, 2 a, ff.; 448, 2 b. See Richard III. 
 Gloucester C. H county seat, VIII. 36, 1 b. 
 Gloucestershire, county of England, VIII. 38. 
 Glove, VIII. 38. Uses of gloves, 1 c. Mate¬ 
 rials, 2 ab. Glove making, 2 c. 
 
 Glover, Richard, English poet and politician, 
 VIII. 39. 
 
 Gloversville, village of New York, VIII. 39. 
 Glove fights: see Pugilism, XIV. 75, 2 c. 
 
 Glove money , VIII. 38, 2 a. 
 
 Glowworm, VIII. 39 (ills., 39, 40); II. 476, 2 b. 
 Glu: see Bird Lime, II. 649, 1 b. 
 
 Gluci'na, an earth, VIII. 41. Glucinum, 1 c. 
 Gluck, Christoph Wilibald von [glook], Ger¬ 
 man composer, VIII. 41. nis principles of 
 composition, 42, 2 ab, 43, 2 c; XII. 91, 2 a. 
 Gluckists and Piccinists , musical factions, VIII. 
 
 44, 2 a; XII. 91, 1 c; XIII. 495, 2 c. 
 Gluckstadt [gliik'-stat], town of Prussia, VIII. 
 
 45. 
 
 Glucohee'mia: see Diabetes. 
 
 Glu'cose , grape sugar, XV. 440, 2 a, be. De¬ 
 
 composition of, I. 264, 2 a; VII. 142, 1 b. 
 As a ferment, 143, 2 c. 
 
 Glucosuria: see Diabetes. 
 
 Glue, VIII. 45. Varieties of, 2 be. 
 
 Glukhov', town of Russia, VIII. 46. 
 
 Glume, in grasses, VIII. 166, 1 c. 
 
 Gluten, VIII. 46. Proportion of in different 
 grains, 1 c; in bran, 2 a, III. 208, 1 c. 
 
 Gluteus medius , in the horse, VIII. 825, 2 b. 
 
 Glutinous hag , fish, XII. 121, 2 c. 
 
 Glutton, animal, VIII. 46 (ill.). 
 
 Glycerides [glis'-er-ids], III. 698, 2 a. 
 
 Glycerine [glis'-er-in], VIII. 47. Preparation, 
 2 ab. Properties and uses, 2 c. Oxide of, 
 XIII. 27, 2 c. 
 
 Glyceryl nitrate , VII. 36, 2 a. 
 
 Glycine [glis'-e-ne], (botany), XVI. 690, 1 c. 
 G. hispida, XV. 202, 2 c. 
 
 Glycione , principle in liquorice, X. 519, 2 c. 
 
 Glyco-cholate of soda, in the bile, IV. 514, 2 b; 
 X. 538, 1 a. 
 
 Gif 'cogen, animal starch, XV. 319, 2 ab; X. 
 538, 1 a (glycogene). 
 
 Glycyrretine [gle-sir'-re-tin], resinous body, 
 XV. 442, 1 ab. 
 
 Glycyrrhiza [glis-er-rl'-za], (botany), X. 519, 
 1 b. G. glabra (ill.), G. echinata, and G. 
 lepidota, 1 b. 
 
 Glycyrrhizine [gle-sir'-re-zin], liquorice sugar, 
 X. 519, 2 c; XV. 442, 1 a. 
 
 Glyndon, Howard, nora de plume, V. 741, 1 be. 
 
 Glynn, county, VIII. 48. 
 
 Glyph, in the Doric order, I. 656, 2 c. 
 
 Glyptemysinsculpta(zob\ogy),'KV .812,1 b (ill.). 
 
 Glyptic art, gem engraving, VII. 663, 1 a. 
 
 Glyptodon, fossil mammal, VIII. 48. G. cla- 
 vipes, 2 be (ill.). Other species, 49, 1 b. 
 
 Glyptograph, XV. 258, 2 c. 
 
 Glyptothek [glip'-to-tek], sculpture gallery of 
 Munich, XII. 42, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Gmelin, Johann Georg [gma'-lin], German 
 naturalist, VIII. 49. Samuel Gottlieb, bota¬ 
 nist, 1 b. Johann Friedrich, naturalist, 1 c. 
 Leopold, chemist, ib. 
 
 Gmund [gmunt], town of Wurtemberg,VIII. 49. 
 
 Gnapha'lium (botany), IX. 196, 2 a. 
 
 Gnat, insect, VIII. 49 (ills., 49, 50); II. 678, 
 1 c (Black Fly). Buffalo gnat, 2 b. Meta¬ 
 morphoses, VIII. 50, 1 c. 
 
 Gneisenau, August, count [gnl'-zeh-now], Prus¬ 
 sian general, VIII. 51. See Blucher. 
 
 Gneiss [nice], rock, VIII. 52; 152, 2 c; 154, 
 1 c; XIV. 370, 2 c. 
 
 Gneist, Rudolf [gnist], German author,VIII. 52. 
 
GNESEN 
 
 GOITRE 
 
 349 
 
 Gnesen [gna'-zen], town of Prussia, VIII. 52. 
 
 Gnidus [ni'-dus]: see Cnidus. 
 
 Gnosis , in Gnosticism, VIII. 53, 2 b. 
 
 Gnossus : see Cnossus. 
 
 Gnostics [nos'-tiks], name of various heretical 
 sects, VIII. 52. Their views of the Lord’s 
 supper, X. 638, 1 b. 
 
 Gnosus: see Cnossus. 
 
 Gnu [nu], animal, VIII. 55. Common or 
 white gnu, 2 b (ill.). Brindled gnu, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Go'a, Portuguese colony in India, VIII. 56. 
 Old Goa, city, 1 a. New Goa, 1 b. See IX. 
 202, 2 ab. 
 
 Goalpara [go-al-pa'-ra], district of Bengal, 
 VIII. 56. 
 
 Goat, VIII. 56. Common wild goat, 2 c. Jem- 
 lali goat, 57, 1 a. Domestic goat, 57, 1 be 
 (ill.). Rocky mountain goat, 2 ab (ill.). 
 Thibet goat, 1 c : see Thibet goat (Index). 
 
 Goat's beard , plant, XV. 275, 1 b. 
 
 Goats' cavern , on Mt. Etna, VI. 762, 1 a. 
 
 Goat'sucker, bird, VIII. 58. Chuckwill’s 
 widow, 1 c (ill.). Leona goatsucker, 59, 1 a 
 (ill., 58). 
 
 G oatzacoalcos, river: see Coatzacoalco. 
 
 Gobat [go-ba'J, (Samuel, born in Switzerland, 
 1799), missionary in Abyssinia, and Anglican 
 bishop of Jerusalem, I. 48, 2 a. 
 
 “Gobbing up” in mining, XI. 572, 2 c. 
 
 Gobel (Jean Baptiste Joseph, born 1727, guillo¬ 
 tined 1794), archbishop of Paris, his assent 
 to the worship of Reason referred to, VIII. 
 241, 1 ab. 
 
 Gobelin , Jehan and Gilles , VIII. 59, 1 b. 
 
 Gobelins: see Fairies, VII. 64, 1 ab. 
 
 Gob'elins, Manufactory of the [Fr. gub-la ng ], 
 VIII. 59. 
 
 Gobert, Napoleon, baron [guh-bair], French 
 philanthropist, VIII. 60. 
 
 Gobi [go'-be], desert of Asia, VIII. 60. 
 
 Gobi'esox (ichthyology), X. 713, 2 ab ; 714, 1 c. 
 G. dentex, ib. 
 
 Gobio (ichthyology), VIII. 294, 2 c. G. fluvi- 
 atilis, 295, 1 a (ill.). G. cataractas, 1 b. 
 
 Gobius (ichthyology), VIII. 60, 2 ab. G. ni- 
 ger, ib. (ill.). Nest of, VII. 239, 1 c. 
 
 Goblins: see Fairies, VII. 64, 1 be. 
 
 Goby, fish, VIII. 60. Black goby, 2 ab (ill.). 
 Nest of, 2 be ; VII. 239, 1 c. Goby family 
 referred to, II. 710, 1 c. 
 
 God, cosmological argument for the existence 
 of, I. 706, 2 c. 
 
 Godav'ery, river of India, VIII. 60. 
 
 Goddard, Arabella, English pianist, VIII. 61. 
 
 GoDERicn [go'-dritch],town of Canada, VIII. 61. 
 GoDERicn, Viscount: see Ripon, earl of. 
 Gode'tia (botany), XII. 585, 2 b. 
 
 Godfrey , Sir Edmondbury : see Oates, Titus, 
 
 XII. 562, 1 b. 
 
 Godfrey, Thomas, American mathematician, 
 VIII. 61. 
 
 Godfrey of Bouillon : see Bouillon. 
 Godfrey's quadrant , VIII. 61, 2 b ; 369, 1 b. 
 GodTva : see Coventry, V. 438, 2 a. 
 
 Godkin, Edward Laurence, American jour¬ 
 nalist, VIII. 61. 
 
 Godman, John D.,American naturalist, VIII. 61. 
 Godolphin, Sidney, earl of, statesman, VIII. 62. 
 Godoy ', Juan [Sp. go-£Ao'-e], discoverer of 
 silver mines in Chili, II. 50, 1 a. 
 
 Godoy, Manuel de, Spanish statesman, VIII. 
 
 62 . See Charles IV. of Spain. 
 
 Godrun [go'-droon], Danish king, I. 298, 1 c. 
 Godunoff', Boris Fedorovitch, czar of Russia, 
 VIII. 62; VII. 132, 1 c, 2 a; XIV. 490, 2 c. 
 Godwin, earl of Wessex, VIII. 63; VI. 433, 
 1 b, ff. 
 
 Godwin, George, English architect and author, 
 VIII. 63. 
 
 Godwin, Parke, American journalist, VIII. 63. 
 Godwin, William, English author, VIII. 63. 
 On political economy, XIII. 670, 1 a. Mary 
 Wollstonecraft, authoress, VIII. 64, 1 c. 
 Godwit, bird, VIII. 64. Marbled godwit, 2 c 
 (ill., 65). Hudsonian godwit, 65, 1 b (ill.). 
 Goeland , bird, VIII. 319, 2 c. 
 
 Goentoer [goon-toor'], volcano, VIII. 65. 
 Goertz : see Gorz. 
 
 Goes [gooce], town of Holland, VIII. 65. 
 
 Goes, Hugo van der, Flemish painter, VIII. 65. 
 GoETnE, Johann Wolfgang von [go'-teh], Ger¬ 
 man author, VIII. 65. His theory of the 
 flower, X. 267, 2 a; of cranial vertebras, 
 
 XIII. 423, 1 b ; of evolution, referred to, 
 VII. 10, 2 a, VIII. 67, 2 a. 
 
 Goezmann [guz-man], French counsellor, II. 
 428, 2 be. 
 
 Goffe, William, English regicide, VIII. 69; 
 III. 126, 2 c ; V. 705, 1 c. (His appearance 
 against the Indians recently disproved.) 
 
 Gog and Magog, VIII. 69. 
 
 Goghra : see Gogra. 
 
 Go'gol, Nikolai, Russian author, VIII. 70. 
 Gog'ra, river of India, VIII. 70. 
 
 Goiogwen , Cayugas, IV. 161, 1 c. 
 
 Goitaoaz'es, Indian tribe of Brazil, VIII. 70. 
 Goi'tre (Fr. goitre , gwatr’), disease, VIII. 70. 
 Associated with heart disease, 566, 2 a. 
 
350 
 
 GOLAN 
 
 GOMBO 
 
 Golan , city of Bashau, II. 359, 2 b. 
 
 Golconda, city of India, VIII. 71. Tombs of 
 the kings of, 2 a (ill.). Kingdom of, 1 c; 
 IX. 201, 1 c. Depot of gems, VII. 790, 1 b. 
 
 Golconda , county seat, XIII. 706, 2 b. 
 
 Golconda coast , X. 829, 2 c. 
 
 Gold, precious metal, VIII. 71. Characteris¬ 
 tics of, 1 c. Distribution of, 72, 1 be; de¬ 
 posits, 2 b. Use and supply of in ancient 
 times, 73, 1 be. Effect of the discovery of 
 America, 2 c. Mines of Europe, 74, 1 ab; 
 of Asia, 2 a; of Africa, 75, 1 c; of Aus¬ 
 tralia, 2 be; of the eastern United States, 
 76, 2 c; of California, 77, 2 c; of Canada, 
 79, 1 c; of South America, &c., 2 b. Total 
 production of gold, 80, 1 b. Consumption 
 in coinage and the arts, 81, 2 b.—Gold mi¬ 
 ning, 82, 1 c. Washing or panning, 2 ab ; 
 retort gold, 83, 1 c; river mining, 2 a; 
 beach mining, ib. ; hill diggings and bank 
 diggings, 2 b ; hydraulic process, 2 c. Ex¬ 
 traction of quartz gold, 84, 1 b. Methods 
 of treatment for pyritous gold ores, 85, 1 c; 
 chlorination process, ib. ; smelting process, 
 2 b. Authorities, 2 c.—Discovery of gold 
 in Australia, 462, 1 a, II. 134, 2 c; in Cali¬ 
 fornia, III. 613, 1 a. 
 
 Gold-beater' 1 s skin , VIII. 86, 1 b. 
 
 Gold-beating, VIII. 86. 
 
 Goldberg, town of Prussia, VIII. 87. 
 
 Gold-breasted trumpeter: see Agami. 
 
 Gold Coast, Africa, VIII. 87. 
 
 Golden age , I. 185, 2 c. 
 
 Golden apples: see Hesperides, and Hercules, 
 VIII. 679, 2 c. 
 
 Golden bees , armorial, XV. 824, 2 c. 
 
 Golden book , of Venice, XVI. 300, 1 be. 
 
 Golden bull , of Brabant, III. 176, 1 b; of 
 Charles IV., VI. 498, la; of Hungary, IX. 
 56, 2 a. 
 
 Golden carp : see Gold Eish. 
 
 Golden chain , tree, X. 74, 2 c. 
 
 Golden City, county seat, IX. 588, 2 b. 
 
 Golden Fleece: see Argonauts. 
 
 Golden Fleece, Order of the, VIII. 89. 
 
 Golden Gate , strait of California, III. 600, 
 2 be, 603, 2 c; XIV. 605, 2 a. 
 
 Golden gateway at Jerusalem , I. 662 (ill.). 
 
 Golden Horde , khanate or empire of the, IX. 
 776, 2 ab; X. 15, 1 a. 
 
 Golden Horn , Constantinople, III. 519, 1 b; 
 V. 274, 2 a. 
 
 Golden league , of the Swiss Catholic cantons, 
 XV. 530, 2 ab. 
 
 Golden Number, VIII. 89. 
 
 Golden pine, X. 169, 2 a. 
 
 Golden ragroot , plant, VIII. 270, 1 c. 
 
 Golden robin , II. 257, 2 a. 
 
 Goldenrod, plant, VIII. 90 (ill.). 
 
 Golden Seal : see Puccoon. 
 
 Goldfinch, bird, VIII. 90 (ill., 91). American 
 goldfinch: see Yellow Bird. 
 
 Gold Fish, VIII. 91 (ill.). See Carp, IV. 17,1 a. 
 Goldfuss [gold'-foos], (Georg August, 1782- 
 1848, professor at Bonn), his classification 
 of fishes, IX. 160, 2 ab. 
 
 Gold Hill, town of Nevada, VIII. 91. 
 
 Gold leaf: see Gilding, and Gold-beating. 
 Goldo'ni, Carlo, Italian dramatist, VIII. 91 ; 
 IX. 463, 2 a. 
 
 Gold powder, for bronzing, III. 315, 2 a. 
 Goldsboro , county seat, XVI. 519, 1 b. 
 Goldsborough, Louis Malesherbes, American 
 naval officer, VIII. 92. (Died 1877.) 
 Goldschmidt, Hermann, German painter and 
 astronomer, VIII. 92. 
 
 Goldschmidt , Jenny Lind: see Lind. 
 Goldschmidt , Otto , pianist, X. 501, 2 b. 
 Goldschmied [gold'-shmeet], or Goldschmidt , 
 Johann: see Aurifaber. 
 
 Gold size , VII. 808, 1 c; III. 315, 2 b. 
 Goldsmith, Oliver, English author, VIII. 93. 
 Gold'stucker, Theodor, German orientalist, 
 VIII. 95. 
 
 Goldthread : see Coptis. 
 
 Golf, game, VIII. 95. 
 
 Golfete [gole-fa'-ta], lake, VI. 304, 2 be. 
 Gol'gotha: see Calvary. 
 
 Goliad', county, VIII. 95. 
 
 Goliad , county seat, VIII. 95, 2 b. Massacre 
 at, VII. 80, 2 b ; IX. 16, 2 c. 
 
 Goli'ath , Philistine giant, V. 705, 2 ab. 
 
 Goliath , cockatoo, IV. 785, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Go'lius, Jacobus, Dutch orientalist, VIII. 95. 
 Gollnow [gul'-no], town of Prussia, VIII. 95. 
 Golo, a treacherous knight, VII. 671, 2 b. 
 Golomynka , fish, II. 220, 1 c. 
 
 Golovnin', Vasili, Russian navigator, VIII. 95. 
 Golpe , in heraldry, VIII. 672, 2 c. 
 
 Goltz, Bogumil, German author, VIII. 96. 
 Go'mar , Francis , Dutch supralapsarian divine, 
 I. 730, 2 b, ff.; XIV. 255, 1 a (Gomarus). 
 Gomarists , Dutch religious party, I. 728, 1 b; 
 XIV. 255, 1 a. 
 
 Gomarus , Franciscus: see Gomar (Index). 
 Goma'tes , Persian usurper, III. 647, 1 b ; XIII. 
 322, 1 ab. 
 
 Gombo : see Gumbo. 
 
GOMER 
 
 GORDON" 
 
 351 
 
 Gomer, son of Japheth, VIII. 9G ; IX. 566, 2 be. 
 Gomez, Estevan [go'-mess], Portuguese ex¬ 
 plorer, YIII. 96; XVI. 324, 1 ab. 
 
 Go'mor, county of Hungary, VIII. 96. 
 GoMORRAn, city, VIII. 96; V. 725, 2 b. 
 Gonaives [go-naiv], seaport of Ilayti, VIII. 96. 
 Gondar, town of Abyssinia, VIII. 97. 
 Gondokoro, town of Africa, VIII. 97. 
 Gon'dola, boat, VIII. 97 (ill.). 
 
 Gondolier', VIII. 97, 2 b. 
 
 Gonds, tribe of India, VIII. 97; IX. 220, 1 a. 
 Gondwana . [gond-wa'-na], region of India, 
 VIII. 97, 2 b, c. 
 
 Gonfaloniere [gon-fa-lo-nya'-ra], chief magis¬ 
 trate of Florence, XI. 342, 2 c (twice). 
 Gongora y Argote, Luis de [goan'-go-ra e ar- 
 go'-ta], Spanish poet, VIII. 98. 
 
 Go'niatites [generic, sing, and pi., go-ne-a-tl'- 
 teez], fossil cephalopods, VIII. 98 (ill.). 
 Gonid'ia , cells in lichens, X. 409, 1 a. 
 Goniom'eter, instrument, VIII. 98. 
 
 Gonol'obus (botany), referred to, XI. 546, 2 b. 
 Gonon [guh-no ng ], (Honore, French founder), 
 referred to, II. 354, 2 a. 
 
 Gonong Api, Banda islands, II. 267, 1 c. 
 Gonsal'yo de Cor'dova, Spanish general, VIII. 
 
 98. Treatment of his remains, 148, 2 c. 
 Gonville and Gaius college , Cambridge univer¬ 
 sity, III. 558, 2 b; 644, 1 a. 
 
 Gonzaga [gon-dza'-ga], town of Italy, VIII. 99. 
 Gonzaga, family of, VIII. 99. Alessandro di 
 Gonzaga, impostor, 100, 1 a. 
 
 Gonzaga, Luigi, Saint, VIII. 100. 
 
 Gonzaga, Thomas Antonio Costa de [go ng -za'- 
 ga], Brazilian poet, VIII. 100. 
 
 Gonzales [gon-sa'-less], county, VIII. 100. 
 Gonzales, county seat, VIII. 100, 2 a. 
 Goochland, county, VIII. 100. 
 
 Goochland G. H, county seat, VIII. 100, 2 a. 
 Good, John Mason, English physician and au¬ 
 thor, VIII. 100. 
 
 Goodall, Edward, English engraver, VIII. 
 
 100. Frederick, painter, 101, 1 a. 
 
 Good Friday, VIII. 101; 776, 2 b. 
 
 Good Henry, plant, XIII. 509, 1 a. 
 
 Good Hope, Cape of: see Cape of Good Hope. 
 Goodhue, county, VIII. 101. 
 
 Good King Harry, plant, XIII. 509, 1 a. 
 Goodrich, Elizur, American clergyman, VIII. 
 
 101. Chauncey Allen, scholar, 102, 1 a. 
 Samuel Griswold, “Peter Parley,” 1 be. 
 Frank Boot, author, 2 a. 
 
 Good Templars, Independent Order of: see To¬ 
 tal Abstinence, XV. 818, 2 a. 
 
 Good YYill, in business, VIII. 102. 
 
 Goodwin Sands, English coast, VIII. 103. 
 Goodyear, Charles, American inventor, VIII. 
 
 103. See Caoutchouc, III. 737, 1 b, and 
 Gutta Percha, VIII. 344, 2 a. 
 
 Goodyear , Nelson, his improvements in the 
 preparation of caoutchouc, III. 737, 1 c. 
 Goodyear welt machine, XIV. 875, 2 c. 
 
 Goojars, Hindoo race, IX. 213, 2 b; 214, 1 c. 
 Gookin, Daniel, American author and soldier, 
 VIII. 103. 
 
 Goole, town of England, VIII. 104. 
 
 Goolwa, river: see Murray. 
 
 Goomna (cobra), IV. 772, 2 ab. 
 
 Goom'tee, or Goomty, river of India, VIII. 
 
 104. 
 
 Goora, tree, VII. 148, 2 c. 
 
 Goordees, Hindoo race, IX. 214, 1 c. 
 Goosan'der, duck, VIII. 104 (ill.). 
 
 Goose, VIII. 104. European wild goose, 105, 
 lb. Chinese tchin-tchu, 2 a. Laughing goose, 
 2 b (ill.). Canada goose, 106, 1 b (ill.). Brant 
 goose, 107, 1 b (ill.). Barnacle goose, 2 a 
 (ill.). Coromandel goose, 2 c. Tame goose, 
 ib. Bremen goose, 108, 2 a (ill.). 
 Gooseberry [gooz'-ber-re], VIII. 108 (ill., 109). 
 Goose Fisii, VIII. 109 (ill.). 
 
 Goosefoot (pigweed), XIII. 508, 2 b. 
 
 Goose grass, weed, XIII. 689, 1 a. 
 
 Goose of the sea (dolphin), VI. 191, 2 c. 
 
 Goose quills , use of for writing, VIII. 108,1 ab ; 
 
 XIII. 243, 1 b. Preparation of, 1 c. 
 
 Gopher, name of different animals, VIII. 110. 
 Rodent gophers, 1 ab. Pouched gopher, 2 a 
 (ill.) ; southern, 2 c. California gopher, 
 111, 1 a (ill.). So-called gopher: see Prai¬ 
 rie Squirrel, XIII. 804, 1 a. Reptile: see 
 Tortoise, XV. 812, 2 c. 
 
 Gop'pert, Heinrich Robert, German botanist, 
 VIII. 111. 
 
 Goppingen [gop'-ping-en], town of AYfirtem- 
 berg, VIII. 111. 
 
 Gopura, great, pyramid, V. 134, 1 be (ill.). 
 Gorcum: see Gorkum. 
 
 Gordian Knot : see Gordius. 
 
 Gordianus, Marcus Antonius (Africanus), Ro¬ 
 man emperor, VIII. 111. Marcus Antonius 
 Pius, emperor, 2 b. 
 
 Gordius, legendary king of Phrygia, VIII. 111. 
 Gordian knot, 2 c. Alternation of the name 
 with that of Midas, XI. 523, 1 c. 
 
 Gordius (entozoa), VIII. 384, 2 be. 
 
 Gordon, county, VIII. 112. 
 
 Gordon , county seat, III. 470, 2 c. 
 
352 
 
 GORDON" 
 
 GOTTORP 
 
 Gordon, Scottish noble family: see Aberdeen, 
 Earls of. 
 
 Gordon, George (Lord George Gordon), polit¬ 
 ical agitator, VIII. 112. Gordon riots, 2 a. 
 His trial and acquittal, 2 ab; YI. 720, 1 a. 
 Gordon, Sir John Watson, Scottish painter, 
 VIII. 112. 
 
 Gordon, William, English clergy man, VIII. 112. 
 Gordonia (botany), X. 559, 2 b. G. lasianthus 
 and G. pubescens, ib ., and 560, 1 a. 
 
 Gordon's hospital , Aberdeen, I. 21, 2 c. 
 
 Gore, Catharine Grace, English novelist, VIII. 
 
 112 . 
 
 Gore, Christopher, American statesman, VIII. 
 113. 
 
 Goree [go-ra'J, island, Africa, VIII. 113. 
 
 Gorge , in fortification, VII. 335, 1 b. 
 
 Gor'ges, Sir Ferdinando, lord proprietary of 
 Maine, VIII. 113; XI. 37, 1 c, ff.; XVI. 151, 
 1 ab. Robert, VIII. 113, 2 be. Thomas, 2 c ; 
 XI. 87, 2 b. Ferdinando, VIII. 114, 1 a. 
 Gorgey, Arthur [gor'-geh-e], Hungarian gen¬ 
 eral, VIII. 114; II. 146, 2 c; IX. 60, 1 b, 
 61, 1 b; X. 21, 2 c. 
 
 Gorgias, Greek rhetorician and sophist, VIII. 
 
 115. See Philosophy, XIII. 437, 2 b. 
 Gorgo'na, island of Colombia, VIII. 115. 
 Gorgona , Italy, I. 467, 2 a; XIV. 15, 2 b. 
 Gorgona'cea, order of polyps, XIII. 689, 1 a. 
 Gorgonia flabellum, polyp, XIV. 729, 1 b. 
 Gorgon'idee., family of polyps, XIV. 729, 1 a. 
 Gorgons, in Greek mythology, VIII. 115. 
 Gorham decision , XI. 119, 1 ab (Manning). 
 Gorilla, ape, VIII. 115 (ill., 116); I. 168, 1 c. 
 Goritz : see Gorz. 
 
 Gorkhas, people of India, VIII. 118. 
 
 Gor'kum, town of Holland, VIII. 118. Mar¬ 
 tyrs of, 1 c. 
 
 Gorlitz, town of Prussia, VIII. 118. 
 
 Gorres, Jakob Joseph von [gor'-ress], German 
 author, VIII. 118. Guido, author, 2 c. 
 Gorse , shrub, XVI. 103, 2 a (ill.). 
 Gortchakoff', Russian princely family, VIII. 
 119. Petr, commander of Smolensk, 1 a. 
 Dimitri, poet, 1 ab. Alexander, ib. An¬ 
 drei, general, 1 b. Alexander, statesman, ib. 
 Mikhail, minister, 2 be. Petr, general, 2 c. 
 Mikhail, general and governor, ib. 
 
 Gorton, Samuel, religious enthusiast, VIII. 120. 
 Gorty'na, ancient town of Crete, VIII. 120. 
 Gortz, Georg Heinrich, baron, Swedish states¬ 
 man, VIII. 120; IV. 306, 2 ab, 307, 1 a. 
 Goruckpoor', district of India, VIII. 121. 
 Town, 1 a. 
 
 Gorup-Besanez [go'-roop-ba'-za-nets], (Eugen 
 von,baron,born 1817, professor of chemistry 
 at Erlangen), analyses of blood by, II. 729,1 b. 
 
 Gorz [gorts], circle of Austria (Gorz and Gra- 
 disca), VIII. 121. Town, 1 b. 
 
 Gosohen, George Joachim [go'-shen], English 
 statesman, VIII. 121. 
 
 Gos'hawk, bird of prey, VIII. 121 (ill.). 
 
 Go'shen, district of ancient Egypt, VIII. 122 ; 
 583, 1 ab; VII. 29, 1 c. 
 
 Goshen, town of New York, VIII. 122. 
 
 Goshen , county seat, VI. 541, 2 b. 
 
 Gos'lar, town of Hanover, VIII. 122. 
 
 Gosnold, Bartholomew, English voyager, VIII. 
 122; XI. 37, 1 b; XVI. 381, 2 c. His dis¬ 
 covery of Cape Cod, III. 742, 1 c. 
 
 Gospel, VIII. 122. Spurious gospels, ib. : 
 see Apocrypha. German metrical transla¬ 
 tions, 9th century, VII. 762, 2 c. 
 
 Gosport, seaport of England, VIII. 122. 
 
 Gosport , site of the Norfolk navy yard, XII. 
 482, 2 ab; XIII. 735, 1 c. 
 
 Gossan, in mining, XI. 570, 2 b. 
 
 Gosse, Philip Henry, zoologist, VIII. 123. 
 
 Gosselies [ghs-suh-le], Belgium, VIII. 123. 
 
 Gossyp'ium (botany), V. 401, 1 c. Species of, 
 2 a. G. hirsutum and Barbadense, 2 c (ill., 
 402). G. arboreum, 405, 1 a. 
 
 Goth, Bertrand Garcias de [gote], (Pope Cle¬ 
 ment V.), IV. 661, 1 b. 
 
 Gotha [go'-ta], former duchy of Germany, 
 VIII. 123. Capital, 1 c. Ducal palace, 
 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Goth'am, parish of England, VIII. 123. “ Wise 
 men of Gotham,” ib. Sobriquet of New 
 York, 2 be. 
 
 Gothenburg [got'-en-boorg], province of Swe¬ 
 den, VIII. 123. Capital, 2 c (view, 124). 
 
 Gothia, kingdom of, X. 152, 2 a. 
 
 Gothic architecture, old or round-arched, I. 
 661, 1 b, 662, 2 a; pointed, 663, 2 b. Eng¬ 
 lish revival of, 666, 1 b. 
 
 Gothic Language and Literature, VIII. 124. 
 
 Gothic society, Swedish, VII. 659, 2 b. 
 
 Gothland : see Gottland. 
 
 Goths, VIII. 125. Ostrogoths and Visigoths, 
 126, 1 ab. Characterization, 2 b. 
 
 Gottenburg : see Gothenburg. 
 
 Gotthelf, Jeremias, pseudonyme, II. 673, 2 b. 
 
 Gottingen [got'-ting-en], city of Hanover, 
 VIII. 127. University, 1 a. 
 
 Gottland, island of Sweden, VIII. 127. 
 
 Gottorp, count of (Gustavus IV.), VIII. 340, 
 2 c. 
 
GOTTSCIIALK 
 
 GRAGNANO 
 
 353 
 
 GoTTsenALK, Louis Moreau [got'-shalk], Amer¬ 
 ican pianist and composer, VIII. 127. 
 
 Gottsciiall, Rudolph [gut'-shal], German poet 
 and dramatist, VIII. 127. 
 
 Gottsciied, Johann Christoph [gut'-shet], Ger¬ 
 man author, VIII. 128; VII. 776, 1 b. 
 
 Gbtz with the Iron Hand: see Berlichingen, 
 Gotz von. 
 
 Gouber (peanut), XIII. 210, 1 b. 
 
 Gouda [gow'-da], town, Netherlands,VIII. 128. 
 
 Gough, Hugh, viscount [goff], British general, 
 VIII. 128. 
 
 GouGn, John B., American orator, VIII. 128. 
 
 Gough, Richard, English antiquary, VIII. 128. 
 
 Goujet, Claude Pierre [goo-zha], French au¬ 
 thor, VIII. 128. 
 
 Goujon, Jean [goo-zho ng ], sculptor, VIII. 129. 
 
 Goulard's water , medicine, X. 246, 1 ab. 
 
 Goul'burn, city of Australia, VIII. 129. 
 
 Goulburn, Edward Meyrich, English clergy¬ 
 man, VIII. 129. 
 
 Gould, Augustus Addison, American natural¬ 
 ist, VIII. 129. 
 
 Gould, Benjamin Apthorp, astronomer, VIII. 
 129. 
 
 Gould, Hannah Flagg, poetess, VIII. 130. 
 
 Gould, John, English naturalist, VIII. 130. 
 
 Goulet-Collet [goo-la-kul-la], artesian drill of, 
 I. 779, 2 b. 
 
 Gounod, Charles Francois [goo-no], French 
 composer, VIII. 130; XII. 93, 1 a. Aided 
 by Chorley, IV. 517, 2 be. 
 
 Gour [gowr], ruined city of Bengal, VIII. 130. 
 
 Goura (ornithology), XIII. 506, 2 c. G. coro- 
 nata, ib. (ill., 507). 
 
 Gourbis , Algerian dwellings, I. 304, 1 c. 
 
 Gourd [goard], plant, VIII. 131 (ill.). Gourd 
 family, 1 a. 
 
 Gourgaud, Gaspard, baron [goor-go], French 
 general, VIII. 131. 
 
 Gourgues, Dominique de [goorg], French ad¬ 
 venturer, VIII. 132. 
 
 Gouri'nce (ornithology), XIII. 506, 1 b. 
 
 Gousset, Thomas Marie Joseph [goos-sa], 
 French prelate, VIII. 132. 
 
 Gout, disease, VIII. 132. Rheumatic, 133,1 be. 
 
 Goutte [goot], in heraldry, VIII. 672, 2 c. 
 (See plate.) 
 
 Goutte de sang [duh sa ng ], precious stone, XV. 
 271, 2 b. 
 
 Gouty kidney, I. 258, 1 a. 
 
 Gouty stem tree ) XV. 190, 2 b. 
 
 Gouvion Saint-Cyr, Laurent [goo-vyo ng -sa ng - 
 seer], French marshal, VIII. 133. 
 
 23 
 
 Governor , of a steam engine, XV. 341, 2 a. 
 
 Governor’s Island, New York, VIII. 133. 
 
 Govind', two Sikh leaders, XV. 37, 1 a. 
 
 Gower, John, English poet, VIII. 134; VI. 
 663, 1 be. 
 
 Gowk , April fool, I. 606, 2 b. 
 
 Go'ya, city, Argentine Republic, VIII. 134. 
 
 Goyan'na, city of Brazil, VIII. 134. 
 
 Goyaz', province of Brazil, VIII. 134. City, 2 c. 
 
 Gozo, island: see Malta, XI. 69, 1 b. 
 
 Gozzi, Carlo, count [got'-se], Italian dramatist, 
 VIII. 135. Gasparo, writer, 1 b ; IX.463, 2 be. 
 
 Gozzo , island of, XI. 69, 1 b. 
 
 Graaf, Regnier de [deh graf], Dutch physician, 
 VIII. 135. Graafian vesicles, 1 c: see VI. 
 561, 1 b. 
 
 Graal [gra'-al], or Grail, the Holy, VIII. 135. 
 
 Gracchus, Tiberius Sempronius, Roman states¬ 
 man, VIII. 136. Caius Sempronius, 2 b. 
 See X. 194, 1 a. 
 
 Grace , days of, , XII. 214, 2 c. 
 
 Grace cup , origin of the, XI. 156, 1 ab. 
 
 Graces, The, in mythology, VIII. 137. 
 
 Gracias, or Gracias a Dios [gra-se-ass a de'-oce], 
 city of Honduras, VIII. 137. 
 
 Gracias a Dios, Cape, VIII. 137. 
 
 Graciosa, island, Azores, VIII. 137. 
 
 Grac'ula (ornithology), VIII. 145, lb. G. re- 
 ligiosa, ib. ; XI. 613,1 c (ilk). G. musica, 2 b. 
 
 Graculus (ornithology), V. 358, 2 a. G. carbo, 
 2 c (ill.). G. dilophus, 359, 1 be (ill.). G. 
 violaceus, 2 a. G. cristatus, ib. 
 
 Gradenigo [gra-da-ne'-go], (Pietro, doge of 
 Venice 1289-1311), VI. 182, 2 c. 
 
 Gradi'vus , a name of Mars, XI. 190, 2 c. 
 
 Gradual , the , XI. 635, 2 c (Missal). 
 
 Graduation, of mathematical instruments, 
 VIII. 137. 
 
 Greed , tribe, VIII. 185, 2 ab; X. 186, 2 c. 
 
 GRiE'vius, Johann Georg (Graefe), German 
 scholar, VIII. 138. 
 
 Grafe, Karl Ferdinand von [gra'-feh], German 
 surgeon, VIII. 138. Albrecht von, oculist, 
 2 a. Alfred Karl, oculist, 2 c. 
 
 Grafenberg [gra'-fen-bairg]: see Priessnitz. 
 
 Graffiti [graf-fe'-te], rude inscriptions, VIII. 
 718, 2 be. 
 
 Graff in grafting, VIII. 139, 1 a. 
 
 Grafting, VIII. 138 (ills., 140, 141). Herba¬ 
 ceous grafting, 715, 2 b; XIII. 527, 2 b. 
 
 Grafton, county, VIII. 141. 
 
 Grafton, town of Massachusetts, VIII. 142. 
 
 Gragnano [gra-nya'-no], town of Italy, VIII. 
 142. 
 
354 
 
 GRAHAM 
 
 GRANICUS 
 
 Geaham, two counties, VIII. 142. 
 
 Graham , county seats, I. 236, 1 a; XVI. 794, 
 2 b. 
 
 Graham , a quack, VIII. 421, 2 c. 
 
 Graham, Mrs. Catharine: see Macaulay, Cath¬ 
 arine. 
 
 Geaham, Isabella, philanthropist, VIII. 142. 
 Geaham, John, Viscount Dundee and Lord 
 Graham of Claverhouse, soldier, VIII. 142. 
 Graham, Sir Robert, conspirator, IX. 514, 1 be. 
 Geaham, Sylvester, American reformer, VIII. 
 142. 
 
 Geaham, Thomas, Scottish chemist, VIII. 143. 
 Geaham, William Alexander, American states¬ 
 man, VIII. 143. 
 
 Graham bread, VIII. 143, 1 a; flour, XVI. 
 588, 2 a. 
 
 Geahame, James [gra'-um], Scottish poet, VIII. 
 
 144, 
 
 Geahame, James, historian, VIII. 144. 
 Geaham Island, or Isle of Julia, VIII. 143. 
 Grahamite, bituminous mineral, II. 20, 1 c, 21, 
 1 a; 672, 1 a. Use in explosives, VII. 35, 
 1 c; in paving, XIII. 193, 2 c. 
 
 Geaham’s Town, Cape Colony, VIII. 144. 
 Graii [gra'-yi], tribe of Epirus, X. 186, 2 c. 
 Geail, Holy: see Geaal. 
 
 Geain, measure of weight, VIII. 144. Stand¬ 
 ard grain in England, II. 164, 1 a. 
 
 Geain Coast, Africa, VIII. 145. 
 
 Geainoee, county, VIII. 145. 
 
 Grain of paradise, kind of cardamom, VIII. 
 
 145, 1 a; III. 777, 1 c. 
 
 Gea'kle, East Indian bird, VIII. 145. See 
 Mino Bied. Bird of the boat-tail family, 
 1 b. Rusty grakle, 1 be; Mexican, 2 a; 
 great-tailed, 2 b; boat-tailed, 2 be; purple, 
 
 146, 1 b (ill.). See II. 676, 1 b. 
 
 Grallato'res, order of birds, II. 670, 1 b. 
 
 Grama grass [gra'-ma], VIII. 169, 1 a; XII. 
 
 319, 1 a. 
 
 Grama-devatds, in Brahman mythology, IX. 
 230, 1 b. 
 
 Geammae : see Language, X. 149, 2 b. 
 Geamme [gram], unit of weight, VIII. 146. 
 Gramm, loquitur, &c., educational distich, VI. 
 412, 1 c. 
 
 Grammont [gram-mo ng ], buccaneer, III. 376,1 a. 
 Grammont, order of, referred to, XI. 730, 1 b. 
 Geamont [gra-mo ng ], French family, VIII. 146. 
 Antoine III., duke de, marshal, 2 a. Phili¬ 
 bert, count de, debauchee, 2 ab. Antoine 
 Agenor Alfred, duke de, diplomatist, 2 c. 
 Geampians, mountains of Scotland, VIII. 147. 
 
 Geampus, cetacean, VIII. 147; XVI. 582, 1 a. 
 
 G. orca, VIII. 147,1 b (ill.), &c. 
 
 Gean [gran], county of Hungary, VIII. 147. 
 City, 2 b. 
 
 Gran, Arabia: see Geane. 
 
 Geanada [gra-na'-da], department of Nicara¬ 
 gua, VIII. 147. Capital city, 148, 1 a. 
 Geanada, ancient kingdom of Spain, VIII. 148. 
 
 Province, 2 a. Capital city, 2 ab (view, 149). 
 Geanada, New: see Colombia. 
 
 Geanadil'la [Sp. gra-na-^e'-lya], kind of fruit, 
 VIII. 149; XIII. 151, 2 a. 
 
 Granalleschi society, VIII. 135, 1 ab. 
 
 Granbury, county seat, VIII. 802, 1 a. 
 Geanby, John Manners, marquis of, English 
 general, VIII. 149. 
 
 Gran Capitan, el [ail gran ka-pe-tan'], (Gonsal- 
 vo de Cordova), VIII. 98, 2 c. 
 
 Gran Chaco: see Chaco, El Gran. 
 
 Geand, county, VIII. 149. See Summit. 
 Grand Cairo (snuff), XV. 783, 2 c. 
 
 Grand Chariton, river: see Chaeiton. 
 
 Grand Chute [shute], rapids in Fox river, I. 
 601, 2 ab. 
 
 Geandee', Spanish title, VIII. 149. 
 
 Grande- Terre [gra ng d tair], island, VIII. 276, 1 c. 
 Grand Falls , county seat, XVI. 346, 2 a. 
 Geand Foeks, county, VIII. 150. 
 
 Geand Haven, city of Michigan, VIII. 150. 
 Grandis [gra ng -de], engineer, referred to, VIII. 
 173, 1 c. 
 
 Grand Island City, county seat, VIII. 396, 2 b. 
 Geand Isle, county, VIII. 150. 
 
 Grand-Lieu [gra ng -lyuh], lake, X. 585, 2 b. 
 Geand Manan', island of Maine, VIII. 150. 
 Geandpee, Louis Marie Joseph Ohier, count de 
 [gra ng -pra], navigator and traveller, VIII. 150. 
 Geand Rapids, city of Michigan, VIII. 150. 
 Grand remonstrance: see Pym, XIV. 104, 1 b, 
 and Ceomwell, V. 501, 1 c. 
 
 Geand Rivee, Michigan, VIII. 151. 
 
 Geand Rivee, Colorado and Utah, VIII. 151. 
 Grand river, Canada : see Ottawa. 
 
 Grandson [gra ng -so ng ], town: see Geanson. 
 Geand Teaveese, county, VIII. 151. 
 
 Grand Traverse City , county seat, VIII. 151,2 a. 
 Geandville, Jean Ignace Isidore [gra ng -veel], 
 French caricaturist, VIII. 151. 
 
 Geane [gran], seaport of Arabia, VIII. 151. 
 Geange, N ational: see Husbandey, Patrons of. 
 Geangee, Gideon, American statesman, VIII. 
 151. Francis, 2 c. 
 
 Geani'cus, river of Asia Minor, VIII. 151. 
 Battle of, 152, la; I. 276, 1 be. 
 
GRANIER 
 
 GRASSHOPPER 
 
 355 
 
 Granier, Adolphe Bernard [gra-nyii], French 
 journalist, YIII. 152. 
 
 Granier tie Cassagnac [dull kas-sa-nyak]: see 
 Granier, A. B. 
 
 Granite [gran'-it], rock, YIII. 152. Composi¬ 
 tion, 2 ab ; geological relations, 2 c. Gran¬ 
 ite veinstones, 153, 1 c; graphic granite, 2 a. 
 Softened granite, 2 ab. Red granites, 2 be. 
 Granite as a building stone, 2 c ; quarrying 
 of, 154, 1 a. So-called granites, 153, 1 be 
 (see I. 353, 1 a) ; 154, 1 be. 
 
 Granson [gra ng -so ng ], town of Switzerland, 
 VIII. 154. Battle of, IY. 310, 2 c. 
 
 Granite Falls , county seat, XVI. 780, 2 a. 
 
 Grant, in law, YIII. 154; XIY. 559, 1 c. 
 
 Grant, name of eleven counties, YIII. 154. 
 
 Grant, Anne (Mrs. Grant of Laggan), Scottish 
 authoress, YIII. 155. 
 
 Grant, Sir Francis, Scottish artist, YIII. 156. 
 
 Grant, James, British journalist, VIII. 156. 
 
 Grant, James, Scottish novelist, YIII. 156. 
 
 Grant, James Augustus, traveller, VIII. 156. 
 
 Grant, Sir James Hope, soldier, YIII. 156. 
 
 Grant, Ulysses S., general and president of 
 the United States, YIII. 156. Capture of 
 Fort Donelson, 157, 2 b. Battle of Pitts¬ 
 burgh Landing, 2 c: see Shiloh. Capture of 
 Vicksburg, 158, 1 c. Operations at Chatta¬ 
 nooga, 2 a. Lieutenant general and com- 
 mander-in-chief, 2 b. Letter of President 
 Lincoln to, X. 495, 2 c. Virginia campaign, 
 307, 2 be; YIII. 159, 1 a: see Wilderness, 
 and Chickahominy, IV. 416, 2 c. Siege of 
 Petersburg, 1 c: see Petersburg, Siege of. 
 Surrender of Lee, 2 a. Rank of general cre¬ 
 ated for him, ib. Secretary of war ad in¬ 
 terim, ib. President, 2 be. Proposed an¬ 
 nexation of Santo Domingo, 160,1 b. Treaty 
 of Washington, 1 c. Reelected president, 2 b. 
 
 Granta , river: see Cam. 
 
 Grant City , county seat, XYI. 732, 1 b. 
 
 Grant Court House , county seats, YIII. 154, 
 2 c ; 155, 2 a. 
 
 Grantia: see Sponge, XV. 282, 1 be. 
 
 Grantsville , county seat, III. 582, 2 be. 
 
 Grantville , county seat, II. 228, 1 b. 
 
 Granular degeneration , of the kidneys, IX. 
 827, 2 c. 
 
 Granulation on a icound , IX. 276, 2 be. 
 
 Granules of starch, XY. 317,2 ab (ills., 317-19). 
 
 Granulose: see Starch, XY. 318, 1 b. 
 
 Granvelle, Antoine Perrenot, cardinal de 
 [gra ng -vel], Spanish statesman, YIII. 160. 
 
 Gran'ville, county, YIII. 161. 
 
 Granville, village of Ohio, YIII. 161. Deni¬ 
 son university, &c., 2 b. 
 
 Granville [gra ng -veel], town of France, YIII. 
 161. 
 
 Granville, George, Baron Lansdowne, Eng¬ 
 lish author and statesman, YIII. 161. 
 Granville, Granville George Leveson-Gower, 
 earl, English statesman, YIII. 162. 
 Granville, John Carteret, earl, statesman, 
 YIII. 162. 
 
 Granville, Sir Richard: see Grenville. 
 
 Grdo Para: see Para. 
 
 Grape, YIII. 162. Flower, 2 c (ill., 163). 
 European grape, 163, 1 a (ill.). American 
 species, 2 a; I. 417, 1 c, ff. Propagation 
 and cultivation, YIII. 164, 1 a. Mildew, 
 2 a. Parasitic insects, 2 b : see Phylloxera. 
 Grapery, cold and forcing, YIII. 163, 2 a. 
 Grape Shot, YIII. 164; IY. 53, 1 ab. 
 
 Graphic, the, newspaper of London, XII. 336, 
 1 c. Of New York, 343, 1 c; X. 530, 1 a. 
 Graphic granite, YIII. 153, 2 ab. 
 
 Graphic symbol, of an atom, II. 88, 2 a. 
 Graph'is elegans (botany), X. 409, 1 b (ill.). 
 Graphite, mineral, VIII. 165; XIII. 246, 1 a. 
 
 See Carbon, III. 769, 2 c. 
 
 Graphiu'rus (zoology), YI. 216, 1 ab. G. 
 capensis, 2 be. • 
 
 Grapnel, anchor, I. 466, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Grap'temys geograph’ica (zoology), XY. 812, 
 
 1 a. 
 
 Grap'tolites, fossils, YIII. 165 (ill.). 
 
 GraptoVithus Loga’ni (ill.), YIII. 165, 2 b. 
 
 G. pristis (ill.), ib. 
 
 Grass : see Grasses. 
 
 Grass Cloth : see Ramie. 
 
 Grasse, La [la gras], town of France, YIII. 165. 
 Grasses, YIII. 166. Structure, 1 a (ills.). 
 Distribution and uses, 167, 1 a. Permanent 
 meadow and pasture grasses, 2 ab; timothy, 
 
 2 b; red-top, 2 be (ill.); white-top, 168, 1 a; 
 orchard, ib. (ill., 167); June or blue, ib. (ill., 
 167); fescue, &c., 1 c. Time for cutting, I. 
 199, 2 b. Annual grasses, YIII. 168, 2 b; 
 Hungarian, ib., and XI. 556,1 c (ill.). Grasses 
 of spontaneous growth, YIII. 168,2 be. Marsh 
 grasses, 169,1 b. Ornamental grasses, 1 c. So- 
 called grasses, 2 a. Sand grass, XII. 266, 2 c. 
 
 Grass-gum tree: see Grass Tree. 
 Grasshopper, YIII. 169. Spotted wingless, 
 170, 1 b; oblong leaf-winged, ib. (ill.); 
 curved-tailed, 1 c; narrow-leaved, ib. (ill.) ; 
 common meadow, 2 a (ill.); sword-bearer, 
 2 b. Life of the grasshopper, 2 be. Other 
 
356 
 
 GRASSHOPPER 
 
 GREAT 
 
 species, 2 c. See Katydid, and Rocky 
 Mountain Locust. 
 
 Grasshopper , in pianos, XIII. 491, 1 a. 
 
 “ Grasshopper bird ” (katydid), IX. 773, 1 ab. 
 Grassmann, Hermann Gunther [grass'-man], 
 German mathematician, VIII. 171. (D. 1877.) 
 Grassmann , Robert , on logic, X. 583, 2 a. 
 Grassmonth (April), I. 606, 2 a. 
 
 Grass Tree, VIII. 171. Resins from, 2 b. 
 Grass wrack: see Wrack Grass. 
 
 Gratian, Roman emperor, VIII. 171. 
 
 Gratian , monk, collection of canon law by, 
 III. 718, 2 c. 
 
 Gratianop'olis : see Grenoble. 
 
 Gratianus , John (Pope Gregory VI.), VIII. 
 243, 2 b. 
 
 Gratiot [grash'-e-ut], county, VIII. 172. 
 Gratry, Auguste Joseph Alphonse, abbe [gra- 
 tre], French theologian, VIII. 172. 
 
 Grattan, Henry, Irish statesman, VIII. 172. 
 Grattan, Thomas Colley, novelist, VIII. 173. 
 Gratto'ni, Severino, Italian engineer, VIII. 
 173. 
 
 Gratz, or Gratz [grats, graits], town of Aus¬ 
 tria, VIII. 173. 
 
 Graubunden, or Graubtindten : see Grisons. 
 Graudenz [grow'-dents], town of Prussia, VIII. 
 
 173. 
 
 Graun, Karl Heinrich [grown], German com¬ 
 poser, VIII. 173. 
 
 Gravatana [gra-va-ta'-na], XVI. 723, 2 b. 
 Grave Creek : see Moundsville. 
 
 Gravel, in geology, VIII. 173. 
 
 Gravel, in pathology, VIII. 174. 
 
 Gravelines [grav-leen], town of France, VIII. 
 
 174. Battle of, 2 c; VI. 452, 2 c. 
 Gravelotte [grav-lut], village of France, and 
 
 battle, VIII. 174. 
 
 Gra've nim'is , apostolic letter of Sixtus IV., 
 IX. 195, 2 a. 
 
 Graves, county, VIII. 175. 
 
 Graves, Robert, English engraver, VIII. 175. 
 Graves , Dr ., commissioner on ancient Irish 
 laws, III. 244, 2 c. 
 
 Gravesande, Willem Jakob van’s [sgra'-v&h- 
 zan-deh], Dutch philosopher, VIII. 175. His 
 method of determining the composition of 
 forces, XI. 321, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 “ Graves's disease ” (heart), VIII. 566, 2 ab. 
 Graves'end, town of England, VIII. 175. 
 Gravier, Jacques [gra-vya], French missionary, 
 VIII. 175. 
 
 Gravina [gra-ve'-na], town of ItalyVIII. 175. 
 Gravina, Giovanni Vincenzo, jurist, VIII. 175. 
 
 Gravitation: see Gravity. Hooke’s theory 
 of, XII. 347, 2 b; Newton’s, ib. Hooke’s 
 claim to prior discovery, 348, 1 b. Proof 
 of: see Tides, XV. 739, 1 c. Velocity of, 
 Zollner’s measurement, XIII. 247, 2 b. 
 
 Gravity, VIII. 175. Variation of: see Clai t 
 raut, IV. 628,1 b. Centre of: see Mechan¬ 
 ics, XI. 322, 1 c (ills., 322, 323). 
 
 Gravity, Specific, VIII. 177. Of solids, how 
 ascertained, 1 c; of fine powders, 2 be; of 
 fluids, 2 c; of gases, ib. Proportions of the 
 ingredients of a compound, 178, 1 ab. Table 
 of specific gravities, 1 b. See Galactometek, 
 and Hydrometer. 
 
 Gray, town of France, VIII. 178. 
 
 Gray, Asa, American botanist, VIII. 178. 
 
 Gray, David, Scottish poet, VIII. 179. 
 
 Gray , Elisha , XV. 622,* 2 a. 
 
 Gray, Henry Peters, painter, VIII. 179. 
 
 Gray, John Edward, English naturalist, VIII. 
 179. His classification of reptiles, 693, 1 be. 
 (D. 1875.)—George Robert, 180, 1 b. His 
 classification of birds, XII. 706, lb. (D. 1872.) 
 
 Gray, Thomas, English poet, VIII. 180. 
 
 Graydon, Alexander, American author, VIII. 
 181. 
 
 Gray elk (wapiti), XVI. 447, 1 a. 
 
 Gray friars : see Franciscans. 
 
 Gray's Inn , London, IX. 290, 1 a, 291, 1 a. 
 
 Gray Jag , bird, VIII. 105, 1 b. 
 
 Grayling, fish, VIII. 181. Back’s, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Gray moose (wapiti), XVI. 447, 1 a. 
 
 Grayson, three counties, VIII. 181. 
 
 Grayson , county seat, IV. 35, 1 b. 
 
 Gray tubercles , of the lungs, V. 282, 2 c. 
 
 Graywacke series , in geology, VII. 697, 1 b. 
 
 Grazia , Duke della: see Lucchesi-Palli (Index). 
 
 Graziani, Francesco [grats-ya'-ne], Italian vo¬ 
 calist, VIII. 182. Ludovico, 1 b. 
 
 Great Barrier reefs , Australia, II. 128, 2 b. 
 
 Great Barrington, town, England, VIII. 182. 
 
 Great Basin, United States, VIII. 182. 
 
 Great Bear , the: see Bear, Great and Lesser, 
 and Charles’s Wain. 
 
 Great Bear Lake : see Bear Lake. 
 
 Great Bridge , Virginia, battle of, VIII. 664, 
 2 b; XI. 199, 2 b. 
 
 Great Britain, island and kingdom, VIII. 182. 
 See British Empire, England, Scotland, 
 and Wales. 
 
 Great Catawba , river: see Catawba. 
 
 Great Charter: see Magna Charta, X. 849. 
 Great charter of Henry III., 2 ab. 
 
 Great crow-blackbird , grakle, VIII. 145, 2 c. 
 
GREAT 
 
 GREEK 
 
 357 
 
 Great Cyclades, XII. 301, 2 c (New Hebrides). 
 Great Dome grotto, Adelsberg, I. 114, 1 b. 
 Great Eastern , steamship, XIV. 859, 2 b; XV. 
 354, 2 a (ill.). Its paddle shaft and cranks, 
 VII. 318, 2 c. 
 
 Great Elector, the, VII. 453, 2 a. 
 
 Great'head, Robert: see Grosseteste. 
 
 Great Falls: see Somersworth. 
 
 Great Grimsby, borough of England, VIII. 183. 
 Great Harry, the, war ship, XIV. 856, 2 be. 
 Great Isaac's rocks lighthouse, X. 461, 1 b. 
 Great Kanawha River, VIII. 183. 
 
 Great Marlow, town of England, VIII. 183. 
 Great Mogul, emperor, XI. 693, 1 c. 
 
 Great ocean (Pacific), XII. 780, 2 c. 
 Great'orex, Eliza, American artist, VIII. 183. 
 Great raft, of the Red river, X. 670, 1 c. 
 Great'rakes, Valentine, Irish quack, VIII. 
 183. 
 
 Great Salt Lake, Utah, VIII. 183; XIV. 
 
 577, 2 b. 
 
 Great sea (Mediterranean), XI. 353, 2 a. 
 
 Great Slave Lake, Canada, VIII. 184. 
 
 Great South beach, Long Island, I. 339, 1 b. 
 Great Strokr, geyser of Iceland, VII. 784, 1 a. 
 Great Tom of Lincoln, bell, X. 488, 2 c. 
 
 Great Tom of Oxford, bell, XII. 765, 2 a. 
 
 “ Great union' 1 ’’ flag, VII. 251, 1 b. 
 
 Great week, the (Holy Week), VIII. 776, 1 b. 
 Greaves, in armor, I. 731, 2 c. 
 
 Greaves, James P ., referred to, I. 266, 1 b. 
 Greaves, John, mathematician, VIII. 184. 
 Grebe, bird, VIII. 184. Crested grebe, 2 c 
 (ill., 185). Other species, 185, 1 b. 
 
 Grebos, African tribe, X. 399, 1 a. Grebo dia¬ 
 lect, referred to, I. 171, 2 a. 
 
 Grecian architecture, I. 654, 2 b. Revival of, 
 665, 2 a. 
 
 Grecian lady, bird, V. 692, 2 b. 
 
 Grecian silk: see Milkweed, XI. 546, 2 b. 
 Grecian temples, architecture of, I. 654, 2 c. 
 Greece, VIII. 185. Name, 1 a. Ancient 
 Greece, 1 ab. (Map.) Topography, 186,)1 b. 
 Hydrography, 2 a. Climate, Ac., 2 b. In¬ 
 habitants, 2 c. History, ib. Heroic age, 
 
 187, 2 a. Authentic history and chronology, 
 
 188, 1 a. Rise of Sparta, 1 be; of Athens, 
 2 c. Persian invasions, 189, 1 c. Battle of 
 Marathon, 2 ab. Army of Xerxes, 2 c. 
 Capture and burning of Athens, 190, 1 c. 
 Battle of Salamis, 2 a; of Platsea, 2 b. Con¬ 
 federacy of Delos, 2 c. Athenian supremacy, 
 191, 1 a. Peace of Cimon, 1 c. Age of 
 Pericles, 2 a. Peloponnesian war, 2 b. 
 
 Plague of Athens, 192, 1 c. Peace of Ni- 
 cias, 193, 1 b. War between Athens and 
 Sparta, 1 c. Sicilian war, 2 a; defeat of 
 the Athenians, 194, 1 b. Surrender and 
 dismantling of Athens, 195, 1 b. Thirty 
 tyrants, 1 be. Spartan supremacy, 2 ab. 
 Peace of Antalcidas, 196, 1 c. Theban su¬ 
 premacy, 197, 1 a. Macedonian period, 2 b. 
 Sacred war, 2 c. Achaean league, 200, 1 b. 
 Greece a Roman province, 201, 1 a: see 
 Achaia. Christian influence, 1 c. Immi¬ 
 gration of Slavs and other races, 2 b. Nor¬ 
 man conquests, 2 c. Turkish conquest, 202, 
 la. War of independence, 1 c. Kingdom 
 established, 2 c. New king chosen, 203, 2 c. 
 —Modern Greece, 204, 1 c. (Map.) Pro¬ 
 ductions, 2 b. Commerce, &c., 205, 1 a. 
 Government, 2 a. Inhabitants, 206, 1 c 
 (ill.). Religion, ib. Education, 2 b. 
 
 Greece, Language and Literature of, VIII. 207. 
 Origin of the language, and its relationships, 
 1 a. Its three chief periods, 2 ab. Classifica¬ 
 tion of dialects, 2 b. Common dialect (f tcoivy 
 AaAe/crof), 208, 1 b. Macedonian dialects, 
 1 c. The later (Romaic or modern) Greek, 2c. 
 Greek alphabet, 209,1 b. Pronunciation, 2 c. 
 Grammar, 210, 1 ab; of the modern popular 
 language, 1 c. Grammatical and lexical 
 treatment, 2 be. Greek learning in Euro¬ 
 pean states, 211, 1 c.—Literature, earliest 
 monuments of, 212, 1 ab. Earliest prose 
 writers, 213, 1 ab. Herodotus, 1 b. The 
 Greek drama, 1 c. Old, middle, and new 
 comedy, 2 c. Prose of the same period, 214, 
 
 1 b. Alexandrian age, 2 c. Under the 
 eastern empire, 215, 1 ab. From the fall of 
 Constantinople, 2 c. Literature of modern 
 Greece, 216, 1 a. 
 
 Greece, Wines of, VIII. 216. 
 
 Greek architecture: see Grecian architecture 
 (Index). 
 
 Greek Church, VIII. 217. Grounds of sepa¬ 
 ration from the western church, 2 a; I. 131, 
 
 2 a; II. 518, 1 b. Schism fully declared, 
 VIII. 218, 1 a. Organization of a Greek 
 United church, 1 b. Overture of Pius IX. 
 rejected by the eastern church, 2 a. Early 
 attempts of Protestants for friendly relations 
 with it, 2 ab. Recent overtures by the high 
 church party in England, 2 b. Internal his¬ 
 tory, 2 c. Doctrines, 219, 1 b. Churches 
 and church service, 2 be. Orders of the 
 clergy, 220,1 b. Monks and nuns, 1 c. Con¬ 
 vents, ib. Church constitution, ib. Sects, 
 
358 
 
 GREEK 
 
 GREENWICH 
 
 221.1 b. Extent and numbers, 1 c. Its doc¬ 
 trine of the sacrament, X. 638, 2 c. 
 
 Greek empire : see Byzantine Empire. 
 
 Greek Fire, VIII. 221. 
 
 Greek Mythology : see Mythology. 
 
 Greek schism: see Greek Church (Index). 
 Greek United church: see Greek Church, 
 VIII. 218, 1 be. 
 
 Greeley, two counties, VIII. 222. 
 
 Greeley, town of Colorado, VIII. 222. 
 Greeley, Horace, American journalist, VIII. 
 222. Founder of the New York “ Tribune,” 
 
 223.1 c. Member of congress, 2 ab. Letter 
 to Seward, 224, 1 a. Candidate for the 
 presidency, 2 ab. Works, 225, 1 a. 
 
 Green, color : see Light, X. 440, 1 b, ft., and 
 Paints, XII. 805, 2 ab. 
 
 Green, two counties, VIII. 225. 
 
 Green, Ashbel, American clergyman, VIII. 225. 
 Green, Horace, physician, VIII. 225. 
 
 Green, Jacob, author, VIII. 225. 
 
 Green, Samuel, printer, VIII. 226. 
 
 Green, Seth, fish culturist, VIII. 226; VII. 
 221, 1 c, 222, 1 a. 
 
 Green, William Mercer, bishop, VIII. 226. 
 Green Bay, Lake Michigan, VIII. 226. 
 
 Green Bay, city of Wisconsin, VIII. 226. 
 Green-lone , fish, II. 710, 2 b. 
 
 Green'brier , plant, XV. 113, 1 c (ill.). 
 Greenbrier, county, VIII. 226. 
 
 Greenbush, town of New York, VIII. 227. 
 Greencastle, city of Indiana, VIII. 227. 
 
 Green Cove Springs , IV. 650, 2 c. 
 
 Green dragon , plant, XVI. 422, 2 be. 
 
 Greene, name of fourteen counties, VIII. 227. 
 Greene, Christopher, American soldier, VIII. 
 228. 
 
 Greene, George Washington, author, VIII. 229. 
 Greene , James , his barometer, II. 326, 2 c; 
 tripod (ill.), 327, 1 a. 
 
 Greene, Nathanael, soldier, VIII. 229 ; X. 303, 
 1 be. His relations to Henry Lee, 2 be. 
 Greene, Nathaniel, author, VIII. 230 (died 
 1877). Charles Gordon, journalist, 1 c. 
 Greene, Robert, English dramatist, VIII. 230. 
 Greeneville , county seat, VIII. 228, 1 b: see 
 239, 1 c (incorrectly, Greenville, Tenn.). 
 Greenfield, town of Massachusetts, VIII. 230. 
 Greenfield, county seats, V. 630, 2 a; VIII. 
 434, 2 c. 
 
 Green grease , from coal tar, I. 548, 2 ab 
 Green'heart, tree, VIII. 231. 
 
 Greenhouse, VIII. 231. 
 
 Green Island , near Troy, N. Y., XVI. 11, 2 b. 
 
 Green Lake, county, VIII. 232. 
 
 Greenland, VIII. 232. Physical features, 1 c. 
 Minerals, 233, 1 a. Climate, 1 c. Vegeta¬ 
 tion, 2 b. Sea animals, 2 c; land, 234, 1 a. 
 Population, 1 b. Government, 1 c. Trade, 
 2 ab. History, 2 b. 
 
 Greenland (Spitzbergen), XV. 279, 2 a. 
 Greenlanders, VI. 729, 2 c. 
 
 Green laver, sea weed: see Oyster Green. 
 Green layer, of plants, XIII. 579, 2 a. 
 Green'leaf, Simon, American jurist, VIII. 235. 
 Creenlet, bird: see Vireo. 
 
 Green mountain boys, I. 328, 2 c; XVI. 318, 2 a. 
 Green Mountains, Vermont, VIII. 235. 
 Greenock, town of Scotland, VIII. 236 (view). 
 Greenockite, ore, III. 537, 2 c. 
 
 Greenough, Horatio [green'-o], American sculp¬ 
 tor, VIII. 236. 
 
 Green park, London, X. 597, 1 b. 
 
 Greenpoint' (Brooklyn), III. 317, 2 c, 318, 1 a. 
 Green'port, village of Long Island, VIII. 236. 
 Green River, tributary of the Ohio, VIII. 237; 
 of the Colorado, 1 b. 
 
 Greenland, in geology, VIII. 237; V. 477, 
 2 a. Fossil remains, VIII. 237, 2 c, 238, 
 
 1 be. Value as a fertilizer, 238, 1 a. Con¬ 
 stituents, 1 b. Structure of, 1 c. In pro¬ 
 cess of production in deep seas, 2 b. 
 
 Greensboro, town of Alabama, VIII. 238. 
 Greensborough, county seats, IV. 506, 2 b; 
 
 VIII. 227, 2 c; 308, 2 c. 
 
 Greensburg, county seats, V. 748, 1 b; VIII. 
 
 225, 1 b; XVI. 569, 1 a. 
 
 Greensburgh, county seat, XIV. 531, 2 b. 
 
 Green sickness: see Chlorosis. 
 
 Green Snake: see Coluber, V. 114, 2 b. 
 Greenstone, rock, VIII. 238 ; 821, 1 c. See 
 Basalt, and Trap. 
 
 Green-tail fiy: see Mayfly, XI. 302, 1 b. 
 Greenup, county, VIII. 238. 
 
 Greenupsburg, county seat, VIII. 239, 1 a. 
 Greenville, two counties, VIII. 239. 
 Greenville, city of South Carolina, VIII. 239. 
 
 Town of Tennessee (prop. Greeneville), 1 c. 
 Greenville , county seats, III. 56, 2 b; 488, 2 a; 
 V. 689, 1 c; IX. 68, 1 ab; XI. 409, 1 c ; XII. 
 27, 2 c; XIII. 551, 1 c; XVI. 474, 2 a; 520, 
 
 2 a. 
 
 Greenville, Sir Richard: see Grenville. 
 Green Vitriol : see Copperas, and IX. 366,1 b. 
 Green weed: see Woodwaxen. 
 
 Greenwich [green'-ich], town of Connecticut, 
 VIII. 239. 
 
 Greenwich [grin'-ij], town of England, XIII. 
 
GREENWOOD 
 
 GRETCH 
 
 359 
 
 239. Greenwich hospital, 2 b (ill., 240); 
 origin of, XI. 220, 1 c. Greenwich obser¬ 
 vatory, XIII. 240, 2 a; VII. 258, 1 c; XII. 
 566, 2 a. 
 
 Greenwood, two counties, VIII. 240. 
 Greenwood, county seats, IV. 313, 1 c; XIV. 
 742, 2 c. 
 
 Greenwood, Francis William Pitt, American 
 clergyman, VIII. 240. 
 
 Greenwood, Grace : see Lippincott, Sara Jane. 
 Greenwood cemetery , Brooklyn, III. 319, 2 c. 
 
 Main entrance, ib. (ill., 320). 
 
 Greenwood Centre , county seat, V. 494, 1 a. 
 Greer, county, VIII. 241. 
 
 Greg, William Rathbone, English author, VIII. 
 
 241. On political economy, XIII. 670, 2 c. 
 Gregari'na, genus of protozoa, VIII. 241. G. 
 gigantea, 1 c. 
 
 Gregg , clerk of Harley, his secret correspon¬ 
 dence with the French court, VIII. 464, 1 b. 
 Gregoire, Henri [gra-gwar], French revolu¬ 
 tionist, VIII. 241. 
 
 Gregorian Armenian church , XIV. 485, 2 a. 
 Gregorian calendar , III. 579, 2 a. 
 
 Gregorian Chant, VIII. 242 ; XII. 88, 1 a. 
 
 Its introduction into England, II. 519, 1 a. 
 Gregorius, Georgius Florentius : see Gregory 
 or Tours. 
 
 Gregorovius, Ferdinand [gra-go-ro'-ve-oos], 
 German author, VIII. 242. 
 
 Gregory, county, VIII. 242. 
 
 Gregory, name of sixteen popes, VIII. 242. 
 I., Saint (the Great), 2 a. II., Saint, 243, 
 1 b. III., 1 c. IV., 2 a; X. 651, 1 a. V., 
 Bruno, VIII. 243, 2 ab. VI., John Gratia- 
 nus, 2 b. VII., Hildebrand, Saint, 2 b: see 
 Henry IV. (of Germany). His enforcement 
 of clerical celibacy, 244, 1 ab; IV. 172, 1 a. 
 His influence over Pope Alexander II., I. 
 279, 1 b. VIII., Alberto de Mora, VIII. 
 244, 2 be. IX., Ugolino, ib. His five books 
 of decretals, III. 719, 1 b. His struggle with 
 Frederick II. of Germany, VII. 452, 1 a. 
 X., Tebaldo Visconti, VIII. 244, 2 c; V. 
 204, 1 a. XI., Pierre Roger, VIII. 244, 2 c. 
 His opposition to Wycliffe, XVI. 747, 1 c. 
 XII., Angelo Corario, VIII. 245, 1 a: see 
 Constance, Council of. XIII., Ugo Buon- 
 compagni, ib. Decretum Gratiani published 
 in bis pontificate, 1 ab; III. 719, 1 b. Refor¬ 
 mation of the calendar by him, III. 579, 2 a. 
 
 XIV. , Nicolb Sfondrati, VIII. 245, 1 b. 
 
 XV. , Alessandro Ludovisio, ib. XVI., Bar¬ 
 tolommeo Alberto Capellari, ib. Visit to 
 
 him of the czar Nicholas, 2 be; referred to, 
 XII. 430, 2 b. 
 
 Gregory VIII., antipope : see Bourdin, and 
 VIII. 659, 2 b. 
 
 Gregory, James, Scottish astronomer, VIII. 
 245. His reflecting telescope, 2 c ; XV. 624, 
 2 be. David, mathematician, VIII. 246, 1 a. 
 John, physician, 1 b. 
 
 Gregory, Olinthus Gilbert, English mathema¬ 
 tician, VIII. 246. 
 
 Gregory the Illuminator, saint, VIII. 246. 
 
 Gregory Nazianzen, saint and doctor of the 
 church, VIII. 246. Reputed author of a 
 miracle play, XI. 626, 1 b. 
 
 Gregory of Neo-Caesarea : see Gregory Thau- 
 maturgus. 
 
 Gregory of Nyssa, saint and father of the 
 church, VIII. 247. 
 
 Gregory Tiiaumatuegus, saint, VIII. 247. 
 
 Gregory of Tours, saint, VIII. 247. 
 
 Greifswald, or Greifswalde [grifes'-valt, -val- 
 deh], town of Prussia, VIII. 248. 
 
 Greiner, John [gri'-ner], American journalist, 
 VIII. 248. 
 
 Greiz [grites], town of Germany, VIII. 248. 
 
 Grellet', Stephen, American Quaker mission¬ 
 ary, VIII. 248. 
 
 Grenada [gren-a'-da], West Indian island, 
 VIII. 248. 
 
 Grenada, county, VIII. 249. 
 
 Grenada, county seat, VIII. 249, 1 a. 
 
 Grenadiers: see Army, I. 747, 2 be. 
 
 Grenadines [gren-a-deens'J, group of islands, 
 VIII. 248, 2 c. 
 
 Grenelle well, artesian, I. 775, 2 a. 
 
 Grenoble [gruh-nub’l], city of France, VIII. 
 249 (view). 
 
 Grenville, county, VIII. 249. 
 
 Grenville, George, English statesman, VIII. 
 249; VII. 707, 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 Grenville, Richard: see Temple, Earl. 
 
 Grenville, Sir Richard, English naval officer, 
 VIII. 249. 
 
 “ Grenville Papers ,” XV. 636, 1 b. 
 
 Gresh'am, Sir Thomas, merchant, VIII. 250. 
 
 Gresham college, VIII. 250, lb; V. 58, 1 be. 
 
 Greslon, Adrien [gra-lo ng J, French missionary, 
 VIII. 250. 
 
 Gresset, Jean Baptiste Louis [gra-sa], French 
 author, VIII. 250. 
 
 Greswell, Edward, English ecclesiastical 
 writer, VIII. 250. 
 
 Greta Hall , residence of Southey, IX. 815, 1 a. 
 
 Gretch, Nikolai, Russian author, VIII. 250. 
 
360 
 
 GRETNA 
 
 GROAT 
 
 Gretna Green, village of Scotland, VIII. 250. 
 Gretna Green marriage, ib. 
 
 Gretry, Andr6 Ernest Modeste [gra-tre],French 
 composer, VIII. 251. 
 
 Greuze, Jean Baptiste [griihz], French painter, 
 VIII. 251. 
 
 Greville, Sir Fulke [grev'-il], Lord Brooke, 
 English author and statesman, VIII. 251. 
 
 Grevy, Francois Paul Jules [gra-ve], French 
 politician, VIII. 251. 
 
 Grew, Nehemiah, English physician, VIII. 251. 
 His influence on the advancement of botani¬ 
 cal science, III. 132, 2 a, b. 
 
 Grey, county of Canada, VIII. 251. 
 
 Grey, Charles, earl, English statesman, VIII. 
 252. Henry George, earl, statesman, 2 a. 
 
 Grey, Sir George, English author, VIII. 252. 
 
 Grey, Lady Jane, VIII. 252. See Mary I., 
 XI. 219, 1 a, b, be. 
 
 Greyerz [grl'-erts]: see Gruyeee. 
 
 Grey'hound, VIII. 253; III. 426, 1 a. Per¬ 
 sian, VIII. 254, 1 a (ill., 253); Russian, ib ., 
 and II. 737, 1 c; English, VIII. 254, 1 c 
 (ill.). Other varieties, 254. 
 
 Greytown: see San Juan de Nicaragua. 
 
 Gribeauval, Jean Baptiste Vaquette de [gre- 
 bo-val], artillerist, VIII. 254; I. 787, 2 c. 
 
 Gridley, Jeremy, American lawyer, VIII. 254. 
 Defence of the “ writs of assistance,” 2 ab. 
 Richard, soldier, 2 b. 
 
 Griesbach, Johann Jakob [greece'-ba k h], Ger¬ 
 man Biblical critic, VIII. 254. 
 
 Griesinger [gre'-zing-er], (Wilhelm, lS^-’GS), 
 classification of insanity by, IX. 302, 2 ab. 
 
 Griffin, fabulous monster, VIII. 254. 
 
 Griffin , county seat, XV. 225, 2 b. 
 
 Griffin, Edward Dorr, American clergyman, 
 VIII. 255. 
 
 Griffin, Gerald, Irish novelist, VIII. 255. 
 
 Griffin's gas furnace, VII. 542, 2 be (ills.). 
 
 Griffin City, town of Georgia, VIII. 255. 
 
 Griffith, William, English physician, VIII. 255. 
 
 Griffon , bird of prey, XVI. 413, 1 a (ill., 412). 
 
 Grijalva, Juan de [gre- k hal'-va], Spanish navi¬ 
 gator, VIII. 255 ; I. 371, 2 b. 
 
 Grillo , Marchioness del: see Ristori. 
 
 Grillparzer, Franz [griT-par-tser], German 
 dramatist, VIII. 255. 
 
 Grilse , young salmon, XIV. 568, 2 a; 569, 1 c. 
 
 Grimaldi [gre-mal'-de], Genoese patrician fam¬ 
 ily, VIII. 255. Ranieri II., 256, 1 a. Carlo 
 II., the Great, 1 ab. Antonio, admiral, 1 b. 
 Giovanni, ib. Domenico, naval commander 
 and cardinal, 1 be. Geronimo, cardinal, ib. 
 
 Grimaldi (Francesco Maria, 1618-63, Jesuit, 
 mathematician, and physicist, of Bologna), 
 his experiments on light, X. 442, 1 c, ft. 
 Grimes, county, VIII. 256. t 
 Grimes, James Wilson, American statesman, 
 VIII. 256. 
 
 Grim'ke, Thomas Smith, American lawyer, 
 VIII. 256. Frederick, jurist and author, 
 2 c. Sarah Moore, anti-slavery lecturer and 
 advocate of woman's rights, ib. Angelina, 
 ib.: see Weld. 
 
 Grimm, Friedrich Melchior, baron, French 
 critic, VIII. 257. 
 
 Grimm, Jakob Ludwig, German philologist, 
 VIII. 257. Wilhelm Karl, philologist, 258, 
 1 a. Ludwig Emil, painter and engraver, 
 
 1 be. Hermann Friedrich, author, 1 c. 
 Grimma, town of Saxony, VIII. 258. 
 
 Grimm's law , in linguistic science, VII. 741, 
 
 2 be. 
 
 Grimoard , Guillaume de [gre-mo-ar], (Pope 
 Urban V.), XVI. 221, 2 b. 
 
 Grindal, Edmund, English prelate, VIII. 258. 
 Grindelwald [grin'-del-valt], village of Switz- 
 erland, VIII. 258. 
 
 Grindstone grit: see Millstone Grit. 
 Grinnell', town of Iowa, VIII. 259. 
 
 Grinnell , Henry , American merchant, en¬ 
 couragement of arctic exploration by, IX. 
 742, 2 be; I. 674, 2 b. 
 
 Grinnell Land, Arctic ocean, VIII. 259. 
 Griotte marble [gre-iit], III. 660, 1 b. 
 Griqualand [gre'-kwa-land], S. Africa, VI. 74, 
 1 c. (Now province of Griqualand West.) 
 Griquas, African race, VIII. 259; III. 547, 1 b. 
 Griqua Town , VIII. 259, 1 c. 
 
 Grisar, Albert [gre-zar], French composer, 
 VIII. 259. 
 
 Griscom, John, American educator, VIII. 259. 
 
 John Hoskins, physician, 2 c. 
 
 GniSEBAcn, August Heinrich Rudolf [gre'-zeh- 
 ba k h], German botanist, VIII. 260. 
 
 Grisi, Giulia [gre'-ze], Italian singer, VIII. 260. 
 Grisons [gre-zo ng ], Swiss canton, VIII. 260. 
 Gms'sEn, or Grissee, town of Java, VIII. 261. 
 Griswold, Alexander Viets, American bishop, 
 VIII. 261. 
 
 Griswold, Rufus Wilmot, author, VIII. 261. 
 Grit rock: see Millstone Grit. 
 
 Grits: see Oat, XII. 561, 1 b. Wheaten, 
 XVI. 588, 2 b. 
 
 Grit'ti, Andrea, doge of Venice, VIII. 261. 
 
 Luigi, adventurer, 2 c. 
 
 Groat [grawt], coin, VIII. 262. 
 
GROATS 
 
 GRUBER 
 
 361 
 
 Groats [grawts], XII. 561, 1 b (Oat). 
 
 Grodno, government of Russia, VIII. 262. 
 Capital city, 1 b. Diet of Grodno, I. 528, 1 b. 
 
 Gromwell , weed, XVI. 587, 1 c. 
 
 Groningen [gro'-ning-en], province of the 
 Netherlands, VIII. 262. Capital city, 1 c. 
 
 Grono'vius, German family in Holland, VIII. 
 262. John Frederick, classical editor, 2 ab. 
 Jacobus, scholar, 2 b. Abraham, physician 
 and classical editor, 2 c. John Frederick, 
 jurist and botanist, ib. Laurentius Theo- 
 dorus, naturalist, ib. 
 
 Groot [grote], coin, VIII. 262, 1 a. 
 
 Groot, Gerhard (Gerard the Great), founder 
 of the congregation of “ Brethren and Clerks 
 of the Common Life,” VIII. 263. 
 
 Gros, Antoine Jean, baron [gro], French paint¬ 
 er, VIII. 263. 
 
 Gros, Jean Baptiste Louis, baron, French di¬ 
 plomatist, VIII. 263. 
 
 Grosbeak [groce'-beek], bird, VIII. 263. Pine 
 grosbeak, 2 c; evening, 264, 1 c (ill.) ; rose¬ 
 breasted, &c., 2 a, ff. Cardinal grosbeak: 
 see Cardinal Bird. 
 
 Groschen [gro'-shen], coin, VIII. 262, 1 a. 
 
 Grose, Francis, English antiquary, VIII. 264. 
 
 Groseilliers, Medard Cliouart de [gro-za-lya], 
 French explorer, VIII. 264. 
 
 Gross, Samuel D., American surgeon, VIII. 265. 
 
 Gross Almerode [groce al-meh-ro'-deh], (town 
 of Hesse-Cassel), clay of, IV. 649, 2 c. 
 
 Grosse, Julius Waldemar [gro'-seh], German 
 poet, VIII. 265. 
 
 Grosse Susanna , church bell, VI. 707, 2 c. 
 
 Grossenhain [gro'-sen-hine], town of Saxony, 
 VIII. 265. 
 
 Grosseteste, Robert [groce'-test], British theo¬ 
 logian, VIII. 265 ; II. 207, 1 a. His opinion 
 of the mendicant orders, XI. 730, 2 a. 
 
 Grosseto [gros-sa'-to], province of Italy, VIII. 
 266. Capital town, 1 c. 
 
 Gross-Glogau : see Glogau. 
 
 Grosswardein [groce'-var-dine], town of Hun¬ 
 gary, VIII. 266. 
 
 Grosvenor club [gro'-ven-or], London, X. 608,1 c. 
 
 Grosvenor square , London, X. 596, 1 c; 619, 
 2 b. 
 
 Gros Ventres [Fr., gro va ng tr’], Indian tribes, 
 VIII. 266 ; XI. 612, 2 a. 
 
 Grote, George, English historian, VIII. 267. 
 His view of the Trojan war, 779, 2 b, 781, 
 1 b; of the sophists, XI. 808, 2 a. 
 
 Grotefend, Georg Friedrich [gro'-teh-fent], 
 German philologist, VIII. 267. His attempts 
 
 to decipher the cuneiform inscriptions, V. 
 571, 2 c. 
 
 Grotius, Hugo, Dutch jurist, VIII. 267. On 
 international law, X. 222, 2 a, b, fF. Im¬ 
 prisoned for advocating religious toleration, 
 VIII. 268, 1 ab ; I. 728, 1 c; XII. 248, 1 b- 
 c. The reading of his “ Apology ” forbidden 
 on pain of death, VIII. 268, 1 c. Ethics of, 
 XI. 811, 2 b.—Willem, lawyer and author, 
 VIII. 269, 1 a. 
 
 Groton [graw'-tun], town of Massachusetts, 
 VIII. 269. Town of Connecticut, 1 b. 
 
 Grotta del Cane [ka'-na], near Naples, I. 188, 
 1 c; III. 774, 1 b ; VIII. 269, 1 c. 
 
 Grotto, VIII. 269. Of Antiparos, I. 569, 2 a. 
 
 Grouchy, Emmanuel, marquis de [groo-she], 
 French general, VIII. 269. See Waterloo, 
 XVI. 505, 2 a, be, c; 506, 2 c. 
 
 Ground , laying the , in mezzotint engraving, 
 VI. 653, 1 a. Bursting ground, in aquatint 
 engraving, 1 c. 
 
 Ground hemlock (American yew), XVI. 785,1 a. 
 
 Ground Hog : see Woodchuck. 
 
 Ground laurel (trailing arbutus), I. 640, 1 b. 
 
 GroundNut: see Peanut. 
 
 Ground Pine : see Horsetail, VIII. 832, 1 c. 
 
 Ground pine: see Lycopodium, X. 744, 2 be. 
 
 Ground robin: see Chewink. 
 
 Groundsel, plant, VIII. 270. 
 
 Ground Squirrel : see Chipmunk. 
 
 Grouse, bird, VIII. 270. Wood grouse or 
 capercailzie, 2 ab. Canada grouse, 2 c. 
 Pheasant-tailed grouse, or cock of the plains, 
 271, 1 ab (ill.). Pinnated grouse, 2 b (ill.). 
 Ruffed grouse, 2 c. Banded sand grouse, 272, 
 1 c (ill.). See Blackcock, and Ptarmigan. 
 
 Grousset, Paschal [groo-sa], French commu¬ 
 nist, VIII. 272; V. 164, 1 a. 
 
 Grouthead , Robert: see Grosseteste. 
 
 Grove, Sir William Robert, English physicist, 
 VIII. 272. His battery, 273, 1 a; VII. 591, 
 1 b (ill.). His views on the correlation of 
 forces, V. 379, 1 ab. 
 
 Groveton : see Bull Run, III. 431, 2 c. 
 
 Growing point, in plants, XIII. 576, 1 c. 
 
 Growler , fish, II. 369, 1 c. 
 
 Growling , cry of the buck, VII. 75, 2 a. 
 
 Grubenlieimer [groo'-ben-hl-mer], nickname of 
 the Bohemian Brethren, II. 787, 1 a. 
 
 Grubenmann , Johann TJlrich , Swiss bridge 
 builder, III. 272, 2 b. 
 
 Gruber, Johann Gottfried [groo'-ber], German 
 cyclopaBdist, VIII. 273. See Erscii, VI. 719, 
 1 c, and Cyclopaedia, V. 610, 2 a. 
 
362 
 
 GRUDZINSKA 
 
 GUARANTY 
 
 GrudzimTca, Countess Johanna [grood-zin'-ska], 
 Y. 273, 2 c; 274, 1 a. 
 
 Grun, Anastasius: see Aueesperg, A. A. 
 Grun'beeg, town of Prussia, VIII. 273. 
 Grundtvig, Nicolai Frederik Several [groont'- 
 vig], Danish writer, VIII. 273. 
 
 Grun'dy, four counties, VIII. 273. 
 
 Grundy, Felix, American statesman, VIII. 274. 
 Grundy Centre , county seat, VIII. 273, 2 c. 
 Grunee, Wilhelm Heinrich Ludwig [groo'-ner], 
 German engraver, VIII. 274. 
 
 Grunter , fish, VIII. 334, 2 c; 335, 2 ab. 
 Grunting , cry of the buck, VII. 75, 2 a. 
 
 Grus (ornithology), V. 457, 2 be. G. cinereus, 
 2 c. G. Americanus, ib. (ill., 458). G. Cana¬ 
 densis, 458, 1 b. 
 
 Grutli, cradle of Swiss liberty, VIII. 274. 
 Gruyere, or Gruyeres [grii-yair], village of 
 Switzerland, VIII. 274. Gruyere cheese, 
 IV. 352, 1 ab. 
 
 Grylli , in gems, VII. 663, 2 c. 
 
 Gryllotalpa (entomology), XI. 707, 1 b. G. 
 vulgaris, ib. G. borealis, 2 b (ill.). G. di- 
 dactyla, ib. 
 
 Gryphius, Andreas [gre'-fe-oos], German poet, 
 VIII. 274. 
 
 Grypi'nce (ornithology), IX. 50, 1 b. 
 
 Gryps , mythical people, IX. 135, 1 ab. 
 
 Grypus (ornithology), referred to, IX. 50, 2 a. 
 Grystole [grice'-bok], antelope, I. 545, 2 a. 
 Grys'tes (ichthyology), II. 367, 2 c. G. nigri¬ 
 cans, 368, 2 a (ill.). G. megastoma, 2 b. 
 G. salmonoeides, 369, 1 c. 
 
 Guacharo [gwa'-cha-ro], bird, VIII. 274 (ill.). 
 Cave of Guacharo, 2 c. 
 
 Guaco [gwa'-ko or wa'-ko*], name of several 
 plants, antidotes for snake bites, VIII. 275. 
 Guadalajara [gwa-£Aa-la- k ha'-ra], city of Mex¬ 
 ico, VIII. 275 (ill.). 
 
 Guadalajara, province of Spain, VIII. 275, 
 Capital city, 2 c. 
 
 Guadalquivir [gwa-^Aal-ke-veer'], river of 
 Spain, VIII. 275. 
 
 Guadalupe [gaw-da-loop'; Sp. gwa-^a-loo- 
 pa], river of Texas, VIII. 276. 
 
 Guadalupe, county, VIII. 276. 
 
 Guadalupe, or Guadalupe Hidalgo, town of 
 Mexico, VIII. 276. 
 
 Guadeloupe [Fr. gwad-loop], West Indian isl¬ 
 and, VIII. 276. 
 
 * In the initial syllable Gua Spaniards pronounce the G 
 either very slightly or not at all; and in writing they often 
 substitute H, which is always silent. In English pronunciation 
 of familiar names, Gua is usually sounded gaw ; as gaw-dal- 
 quiv'-er for Guadalquivir; gaw-te-maw'-la for Guatemala. 
 
 Guadiana [gwa-^e-a'-na], river of Spain, VIII. 
 276. 
 
 Guadix [gwa-^ee k li'], city, VIII. 276. 
 
 Guahan [gwa-an'J, island, Ladrones, VIII. 276. 
 Guaiac in tears [gwa'-yak], resinous substance, 
 VIII. 277, 1 c. 
 
 Guaiacum [gwa'-ya-kum or ghi'-a-kum], tree, 
 and its resin and wood, VIII. 277. G. offi¬ 
 cinale, 1 a (ill.). G. sanctum, 1 c. 
 GuAicuRfrs [gwi-koo-roos'], Brazilian Indians, 
 VIII. 277. 
 
 Gualberto, Giovanni , Saint [gwal-bair'-to], 
 founder of the abbey of Vallombrosa, XVI. 
 249, 2 c; XI. 730, 1 ab (Gualbert). 
 Gualeyguay [gwa-la-gwl'], river of the Argen¬ 
 tine Republic, VIII. 277. Town, 278, 1 a. 
 GuALEYGUAYCiifr [-choo'J, city, VIII. 278. 
 Gualior: see Gwalior. 
 
 Guam [gwam]: see Guaiian. 
 
 Guamanga: see Ayacucho, II. 168, 1 b. 
 
 Guan, bird, VIII. 278. Crested guan, 1 c (ill.). 
 Guanabaco'a, town of Cuba, VIII. 278. 
 Guanacaciie [gwa-na-ka'-cha], lake, Argentine 
 Republic, VIII. 278. 
 
 Guanacaste [gwa-na-kas'-ta], province, Cen¬ 
 tral America, VIII. 278. 
 
 Guanaco [gwa'-na-ko]: see Llama, X. 553, 1 a. 
 Guanahani [gwa-na-a'-ne]: see San Salvador, 
 XIV. 611, 2 ab. 
 
 Guanaja [gwa-na'- k ha]; see Bonacca. 
 Guanajuato [- k hwa'-to], state of Mexico, VIII. 
 279. Capital city, 2 b. Cathedral of (ill.). 
 Battle and massacre of, I. 310, 1 c. 
 
 Guanare [-na'-ra], city of Venezuela, VIII. 280. 
 Guancabelica : see IIuancavelioa. 
 
 Guanciies, aborigines of the Canaries, VIII. 280. 
 Guano [gwa'-no], town of Ecuador, VIII. 280. 
 Guano, fertilizer, VIII. 280. Deposits of, 2 a. 
 Trade in, 2 b. Composition of, 281, 1 b. 
 Discovery of new localities, 282, 1 c. Com¬ 
 position of the deposits, 2 a. Guano rock, 
 2 b. “Native guano,” XIV. 796, 2 a; 798,1c. 
 Guapey [gwa'-pa], river: see Rio Grande. 
 Guarana [gwa-ra-na/], a paste, in diet and 
 medicine, VIII. 283. 
 
 Guaranis [gwa-ra-nees'J: see Tupf- GuaranIs, 
 and Brazil, III. 217, 1 b. 
 
 Guarantee commission: see Factor, VII. 55,1 c. 
 Guaranty [gar'-an-te], in law, VIII. 283. 
 Duties and rights of a guarantor, 2 b. Duties 
 of the guarantee, 284, 1 a. Consideration 
 required, 1 c. Enforcement by the courts, 
 2 ab. Acceptance of, in law, 285, 1 b. 
 Limitations of, 2 b. Protection of the guai v 
 
GUARATINGUETA 
 
 guggenb^hl 
 
 363 
 
 antor, 2 be. Official guaranties, 286, 1 be. 
 Revocation of guaranty, 1 c. 
 Guaratingueta [gwa-ra-tee n *-ga'-ta], town of 
 Brazil, YIII. 286. 
 
 Guarayos , Bolivian race, III. 10, 2 b. 
 
 Guard, National, of France, YIII. 286. 
 Guardant [gar-da ng ], in heraldry, YIII. 673,1 b. 
 Guardian [gar'-de-an], in law, YIII. 286. 
 Guards ’ club , London, X. 607, 2 c. 
 
 Guarini, Giovanni Battista [gwa-re'-ne], Italian 
 poet, YIII. 287. 
 
 Guarneri [gwar-na'-re], family of violin 
 makers, YIII. 288: see Yiolin, XYI. 365, 
 
 1 ab ; alluded to, II. 559,1 a. Andrea, YIII. 
 288, 1 a. Giuseppe, 1 ab. Pietro, 1 b. 
 Giuseppe Antonio (Guarneri del Gesii), ib. 
 Pietro, referred to, 1 c. 
 
 Guarnerius : see Guarneri. 
 
 Guastalla [gwas-tal'-la], town of Italy, YIII. 
 288. Duchy, 2 a. 
 
 Guatemala [gaw-te-maw'-la ; Sp. gwa-ta-ma/- 
 la], republic of Central America, YIII. 288. 
 (Map.) History, 290, 2 a. Guatemala la 
 Nueva, capital city, 2 c. Guatemala la An¬ 
 tigua, city, 292, 1 ab (view, 291). 
 Guatemozin [gwa-ta-mo-seen'J, Aztec emperor, 
 YIII. 292. His execution, 2 b; Y. 386, 2 ab. 
 Guatusos [gwa-too'-soce], tribe of Indians, 
 Nicaragua, YIII. 292. 
 
 Guava [gwa'-va], tree and its fruit, YIII. 292. 
 
 Cattley’s guava, 293, 1 be (ill.). 
 
 Guaxaca [gwa- k ha/-ka]: see Oajaca. 
 
 Guay ana [-ya'-na]: see Guiana, and Y enezuela. 
 GuAYAPE[-ya'-pa], river of Honduras, YIII. 293. 
 Guayaquil [gwa-ya-keel'J, city of Ecuador, 
 YIII. 293. Cathedral (ill.). 
 
 Guayaquil, river of Ecuador, YIII. 294. 
 Guayas [-yass'J, province of Ecuador, YIII. 294. 
 Guaymas [gwF-mass], town of Mexico, YIII. 
 294. 
 
 Guayrd [gwi-ra/], cataract of, XIII. 72, 1 b. 
 Guazah , dried Indian hemp, YIII. 633, 1 a. 
 Guazupuco deer , Y. 758, 2 ab (ill.). 
 
 Guazuti deer [gwa-soo'-te], Y. 758, 2 b. 
 
 Gubbio [goob'-be-o], town of Italy, YIII. 294. 
 Guben [goo'-ben], town of Prussia, YIII. 294. 
 Gubitz, Friedrich Wilhelm [goo'-bits], German 
 author, YIII. 294. 
 
 Gudgeon, fish, YIII. 294 (ill., 295). 
 
 Gudin, Jean Antoine Theodore [gu-da ng ], French 
 painter, YIII. 295. 
 
 Gudmarson , Ulpho : see Brigida. 
 
 Gudule, Saint , church of in Brussels, III. 367, 
 
 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Guebres [ghe'-berz], disciples of Zoroaster, 
 
 VIII. 295 (ill.); XIII. 320, 1 b. See Baku, 
 II. 230, 1 c, 2 b. Religion of: see Zend- 
 avesta, and Zoroaster. 
 
 Guebwiller: see Gebweiler. 
 
 Guecubu [ga-koo-boo'], Araucanian god, I. 634, 
 2 be. 
 
 Gueira [ga'-e-ra], Portuguese acre, I. 72, 2 c. 
 Guelderland : see Gelderland. 
 
 Guelder Rose, shrub, YIII. 295 (ill., 296). 
 Guelma , Roman fort, Algeria, I. 305, 1 b. 
 Guelph [gwelf], town of Canada, YIII. 296. 
 Guelphs and Ghibellines [gwelfs, ghe'-bel- 
 leenz], Italian and German factions, YIII. 
 296; Y. 670, 2 b; VII. 277, 1 c, 676, 2 c; 
 
 IX. 450,1 b. Origin of the struggle between 
 them, YIII. 762, 1 a. 
 
 GuelpMc order of Hanover, YIII. 297, 1 c. 
 Guenon: see Monkey, XI. 752, 2 ab. 
 
 Guepard : see Leopard, X. 355, 1 a. 
 Guerande [ga-ra ng d], town of France, YIII. 297. 
 Guerazzi: see Guerrazzi. 
 
 Guercino [gwair-che'-no], Italian painter, 
 YIII. 297. 
 
 Gueret [ga-ra], town of France, YIII. 297. 
 Guericke, Heinrich Ernst Ferdinand [ga'-rik- 
 keh], German theologian, YIII. 297. 
 Guericke, Otto von, German natural philoso¬ 
 pher, YIII. 298. His air pump, I. 219, 1 a, 
 2 be. His gigantic barometer, II. 326, 1 c. 
 Guerin, Jean Baptiste Paulin [ga-r& ng ], French 
 painter, YIII. 298. 
 
 Guerin , Pierre , mystic, IX. 193, 1 be. 
 Guerin-Meneville, Felix Ldouard [-main- 
 veel], French naturalist, YIII. 298. 
 
 Guerinets [ga-re-na], sect, IX. 193, 1 c. 
 Guernsey [gurn'-ze], Channel island, YIII. 
 
 298; IY. 261, 2 c. 
 
 Guernsey, county, YIII. 298. 
 
 Gueroult, Adolphe [ga-roo], French journal¬ 
 ist, YIII. 298. 
 
 Guerrazzi, Francesco Domenico [gwair-rat ; - 
 se], Italian author, YIII. 299. 
 
 Guerrero [gair-ra'-ro], state of Mexico, YIII. 
 
 299. Capital city, 2 c. 
 
 Guerrero, Vicente, president, YIII. 299. 
 Guesclin : see Du Guesclin. 
 
 Guess, George, inventor of the Cherokee alpha¬ 
 bet, YIII. 300. 
 
 Guettee, Wladimir [ghet-ta], French historian, 
 YIII. 300. 
 
 Gueux [guh], league of the, YI. 453, 1 ab; 
 YIII. 818, 2 c. 
 
 Guggenbuiil, Louis [goog'-gen-buhl], Swiss 
 
364 
 
 GUIANA 
 
 GUISE 
 
 philanthropist, VIII. 300. Asylum for cre¬ 
 tins, ib. ; V. 478, 2a; I. 20, 1 c. 
 
 Guiana [ghe-an'-a], territory of South Ameri¬ 
 ca, VIII. 300. British Guiana, 302, 1 b. 
 Dutch Guiana, 303, 1 a. French Guiana, 1 c. 
 Guibert [ghe-bair], antipope (Clement III.), 
 IV. 660, 2 c. 
 
 Guibray [ghe-bra], fair of, VII. 59,1 ab ; 66, 2 c. 
 Guicciardini, Francesco [gweet-char-de'-ne], 
 Italian historian, VIII. 303; IX. 462, 1 ab. 
 Guiccioli, Teresa, countess [gweet'-cho-le], 
 VIII. 303. See Byron, III. 510, 2 c-511, 
 2 c; Boissy, marquis de, II. 797, 1 c. 
 Guicowar [ghi'-ko-war], Dominion of the, 
 VIII. 303. See Baroda, and Guzerat, 
 VIII. 348, 2 a. 
 
 Guidi , Guido [gwe'-de]: see Vidius. 
 
 Guidi, Tommaso: see Masaccio. 
 
 Guido Aretino : see Aretino, and Music, XII. 
 76, 2 b, 77, 1 a. 
 
 Guido of Burgundy (Pope Calixtus II.), III. 
 618, 2 a. 
 
 Guidon , Le [lull ghe-do ng ], X. 219, 2 b (Law 
 Merchant). 
 
 Guido Reni [gwe'-do ra'-ne], Italian painter, 
 VIII. 304. Supposed portrait of Beatrice 
 Cenci by him, IV. 189,1 ab. 
 
 Guienne [ghe-en], old province of France,VIII. 
 
 304. 
 
 Guignes, Joseph de [duh gheeny’], French ori¬ 
 entalist, VIII. 304. Chrdtien Louis Joseph, 
 sinologist, 1 c. 
 
 Guikwad [ghike'-wad] : see Guicowar. 
 
 Guild, society or confraternity, VIII. 304. 
 Secular guilds, 2 a; in Flanders and Holland, 
 
 305, 1 ab; in Germany, 1 c; in England, 
 2 a; in Scotland, 306, 1 be; in France, 1 c; 
 “kings of guild,” 2 a. Various kinds, 307, 
 1 a; free guilds, 1 ab. La basoche (guild 
 of lawyers’ apprentices), 2 a. Faculty of 
 advocates in Scotland, 2 c. “ Guild of lit¬ 
 erature and art,” ib. —Religious guilds, 308, 
 1 a.—Allusions to guilds, I. 603, 2 b ; III. 
 107, 1 b. Guilds of London, VIII. 305, 2 be; 
 X. 612, 1 b. 
 
 Guildford [ghil'-furd], town of England, VIII. 
 308. 
 
 Guildhall ', London, X. 612, 1 c. 
 
 Guildhall , county seat, VI. 734, 2 a. 
 
 Guild merchant , III. 107, 1 b. 
 
 Guilford, county, VIII. 308. 
 
 Guilford, town of Connecticut, VIII. 308 . 
 
 “ The old stone house,” 309, 1 a. 
 
 Guilford , Lord: see North, Francis. 
 
 Guilford Court House, North Carolina, VIII. 
 
 309. Battle of, 1 a; X. 303, 1 b. 
 
 Guilielma speciosa (botany), XIII. 21, 1 b. 
 Guillaume [ghe-yome], burned for heresy, I. 
 343, 1 b. 
 
 Guillemot [ghil'-le-mot], bird, VIII. 309 (ills.). 
 Guil'lim, John, English writer on heraldry, 
 VIII. 310. 
 
 Guillotin, Joseph Ignace [ghe-yuh-ta ng ],French 
 physician, VIII. 310. 
 
 Guillotine [ghil-lo-teen'; Fr. ghe-yuh-teen], 
 instrument for decapitation, VIII. 310. 
 Guilmeth, Alexandre Auguste [gheel-met], 
 French archieologist, VIII. 311. 
 
 Guimaraens [ghe-ma-ri^s'J, town of Portugal, 
 
 VIII. 311. 
 
 Guinand [ghe-na n? ], Swiss optician, VIII. 311. 
 
 See Glass, 20, 2 c; Lens, X. 343, 1 c. 
 Guinea [ghin'-e], coin, VIII. 311. 
 
 Guinea, region of Africa, VIII. 312. Upper, 
 
 1 a. Lower, 2 c. 
 
 Guinea, Gulf of, VIII. 313. 
 
 Guinea corn , VIII. 313, 2 b; XV. 170, 1 ab. 
 Guinea current , Atlantic ocean, II. 73, 1 a. 
 Guinea Fowl, bird, VIII. 313 (ill.). 
 
 Guinea grains , III. 777, 1 c; VIII. 145, 1 a. 
 Guinea Grass, VIII. 313. 
 
 Guinea pepper , III. 761, 2 a. 
 
 Guinea Pig, VIII. 313. Wild guinea pig, 2b; 
 
 domestic, 314, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Guinea rock snake , II. 762, 2 b. 
 
 Guinea Worm: see Entozoa, VI. 670, 1 a. 
 Guinette [ghe-net], ancient ruin, VI. 743, 2 a. 
 Guinevere': see Arthur, I. 781,1 c ; X. 138,1 a. 
 Guinicelli , Guido [gwe-ne-chel'-le], Italian poet, 
 
 IX. 458, 2 be. 
 
 Guipure [ghe-pure']: see Lace, X. 78, 1 c. 
 GuipfrzcoA[ghe-pooth'-kwa], province of Spain, 
 VIII. 314. 
 
 Guiraca Ludoriciana (ornithology), VIII. 264, 
 
 2 ab. G. melanocephala and G. coBrulea, 2 b. 
 Guiscard [ghees-kar], French abbe, a would-ba 
 
 assassin, VIII. 464, 1 c. 
 
 Guiscard, Robert, founder of the kingdom of 
 Naples, VIII. 314; I. 293, 1 b, be. 
 Guischard, or Guischardt, Karl Gottlieb [gwish'- 
 art], German writer, VIII. 315. 
 
 Guise [gheez], town of France, VIII. 315. 
 Guise, House of, VIII. 315. Claude de Lor¬ 
 raine, first duke of Guise, 1 be. Frangois 
 de Lorraine, second duke, 1 c. Henri I. de 
 Lorraine (le Balafre), third duke, 2b; II. 
 348, 1 c; V. 55, 1 c. Charles de Lorraine, 
 fourth duke, 316, 1 a. Henri II. de Lor- 
 
GUITAR 
 
 GUNPOWDER 
 
 365 
 
 raine, fifth duke, 1 ah. Louis Joseph de 
 Lorraine, sixth and last duke, 1 c. Louis 
 de Lorraine, cardinal de Guise, 2 a. Louis 
 de Lorraine, cardinal de Guise (2d), ib. 
 
 Guitar [ghe-tar'J, musical instrument, VIII. 
 
 316 ; XII. 75, 2 a. 
 
 Guit'guit , bird, XV. 477, 1 b. 
 
 Guizot, Francois Pierre Guillaume [ghe-zo or 
 gwe-zo], French statesman and author, VIII. 
 316. See Louis Philippe. His rebuke of 
 Ollivier’s panegyric of Napoleon III., 317, 
 2 c; XII. 620,1 c. On the feudal system, VIL 
 161, 1 c. (Died 1874.)—Elisabeth Charlotte 
 Pauline de Meulan, his wife, authoress, VIII. 
 318, 1 b. Marguerite Andree Elisa (Dillon), 
 his second wife, authoress, 1 c. Ilenriette 
 (De Witt), authoress, 2 a. Pauline (DeWitt), 
 authoress, ib. Maurice Guillaume, author 
 and instructor, 2 h. 
 
 Gujarati: see Guzardti (Index). 
 
 Gujerat : see Guzerat. 
 
 Gulathing [goo'-la-ting]: see Jury, IX. 721, 2 c. 
 
 Gulden [gool'-den]: see Florin - . 
 
 Gules , in heraldry, VIII. 671, 2 a. 
 
 Gulf stream, II. 72, 2 a-73, 2a; 74, 1 b-78,1 a. 
 Franklin’s chart of, 72, 2 c; VIL 438, 2 c. 
 Surface velocity, VIII. 76, 1 a. Petermann’s 
 conclusions respecting it, 77, 2 b-78, 1 a. 
 Carpenter’s theory, 78, 1 b-2 b. 
 
 Gulf stream, aerial, I. 148, 1 a. 
 
 Gulf Weed : see Atlantic Ocean, II. 79,1 b, c, 
 and I. 299, 2 a. 
 
 Gulistan', treaty of, referred to, I. 282, 2 c. 
 
 Gull, bird, VIII. 318. Black-backed, 2 c (ill., 
 319) ; silvery, 2 a (ill.). Other species. 
 
 Gull, Sir William Withy, English physician, 
 VIII. 320. 
 
 Gulliver, Dr., his researches on the blood, II. 
 730, 2 be; 733, 2 be; 734, 2 be, c. 
 
 “ Gulliver's Travels: ” see Swift, XV. 522, 2 a; 
 Bergerac, II. 557, 2 ab. 
 
 Gulo (zoology), VIII. 46, 2 b. G. luscus, 47, 
 1 a (ill., 46). G. mellivora, II. 212, 1 c. 
 
 Gum, VIII. 320. Gum arabic, 2 a ; Cape gum, 
 East India gum, gum Senegal, 2 b. Gum 
 tragacanth or dragon, 321, 1 a. Cherry- 
 tree gum, 1 b. Gum mezquite, 1 c.—Gum 
 acaroides, 171, 2 b; black-boy gum, ib. 
 Gum guaiacum, 277, 1 ab. Gum copal: see 
 Copal. Gum thus, VII. 431, 2 ab. Red 
 gum, X. 13, 1 a; butea, ib. ; spruce, XIII. 
 545, 1 b; hemlock, ib. ; chewing, ib. 
 
 11 Gum beds," of maltha, XI. 71, 2 a. 
 
 Gumbel, Dr. C. W., on bathybius, II. 391, 1 b. 
 
 Gumbinnen [goom'-bin-nen], town of Prussia, 
 VIII. 321. 
 
 Gumbo, VIII. 321. See Okra. 
 
 Gum copal, substitute for amber, I. 382, 2 c. 
 Gummic acid, VIII. 320, 1 b. 
 
 Gum Resins, VIII. 321. 
 
 Gumri [goom'-re], town: see Alexandropol. 
 Gum Tree : see Black Gum. 
 
 Gun : see Artillery, Cannon, Musket, and 
 Rifle. 
 
 Gun, in paper making, XIII. 48, 1 c. 
 
 Gunboat, steam, XII. 187, 1 b. 
 
 Gun carriage, I. 789, 2 ab (ill.). 
 
 Gun Cotton, VIII. 322; VII. 35, 2 be. 
 Gundebald, Burgundian leader, III. 451, 1 a. 
 Lex Gundebalda, ib. 
 
 Gunderic , Burgundian leader, III. 451, 1 a. 
 Gunderode, Karoline von [gun'-deh-ro-deh], 
 German poetess, VIII. 324; I. 758, 1 c. 
 Gundicar, Burgundian leader, III. 450, 2 c. 
 Gunduk', river of Hindostan, VIII. 324. 
 Gundulph's Tceep, referred to, XIV. 366, 1 b. 
 Gundwana [gund-wa'-na]: see Gonds. 
 
 Gunjah, dried Indian hemp, VIII. 633, 1 a. 
 Gunlock, first, XII. 97, 1 b. Wheel lock, 1 c 
 (ills.). 
 
 Gunnel, fish : see Blenny. 
 
 Gunnel’lus (ichthyology), II. 710, 2 ab. 
 Gunner's quadrant, invention of, I. 786, 1 a. 
 Gunner's square, XIV. 122, 2 a. 
 
 Gunnery, VIII. 324. Resistance of the air, 
 
 1 be; form of shot meeting least resistance, 
 
 2 a; windage and balloting, 2 c (ills., 325); 
 drift, 325, 2 a; longitudinal deviation, or 
 variation in range, 2 c; dangerous space, 
 326, 1 a. Force of a projectile, 1 ab; ex¬ 
 periments on iron targets, 1 be; effective 
 range of guns, 2 b. Relations among the 
 three elements of gunnery, 2 c. 
 
 Gunni, priests in Ceylon, XIII. 832, 1 c. 
 Gunnison river, Colorado, V. 102, 1 a. 
 
 Gunny, cloth, VIII. 327; IX. 729, 2 b. 
 Gunpowder, VIII. 327. Invention of, 2 c; 
 I. 748, 2 a ; XIV. 689, 1 c. Cause of the ac¬ 
 tion of, XII. 771, 1 b. Employment in 
 blasting, VIII. 328, 2 a : see Blastino. 
 Manufacture and composition of, 2 b; VII. 
 34, 1 b. Methods of diminishing its destruc¬ 
 tive effects on large cannon, VIII. 329, 2 be. 
 Forms of, 330, 1 c (ills.). Classification of, 
 2 b. Absolute and gravimetric density of 
 granular powder, 2 c. Manufacture of sport¬ 
 ing powder, ib. Measurement of the force 
 of gunpowder, 331, 1 a; Rodman’s gauge, 
 
366 
 
 GUNPOWDER 
 
 GWINNETT 
 
 1 ab (ill.); Noble’s, 2 a. Composition of 
 blasting powder, 2 ab: see Explosives. 
 Method of rendering gunpowder both ex¬ 
 plosive and non-explosive, VII. 561, 1 c. 
 Gunpowder plot, Guy Fawkes’s, VII. 99, 2 b; 
 IX. 517, 1 b. Coke’s services respecting it, 
 V. 36, 1 b. 
 
 Guns [gtince], town of Hungary, VIII. 332. 
 Gun-shot Wounds, VIII. 332. . 
 
 Gun spring: see Ax, II. 164, 2 be. 
 
 Gunter, Edmund, English mathematician, VIII. 
 333. Gunter’s chain, 2 be; line, 2 c, III. 
 569, 1 a; quadrant, VIII. 334, 1 b; scale, ib. 
 Gunter , the (Gunter’s scale), VIII. 334, 1 b. 
 Gunther, Anton [giin'-ter], German philoso¬ 
 pher, VIII. 334. 
 
 Gunther, Icing, in German legend, XII. 419, 2 b. 
 Gupil, parrot, XI. 185, 2 be. 
 
 Guras, modern Greek general, II. 58, 1 c. 
 Gurhwal: see Gurwhal. 
 
 Guriev : see Guryev. 
 
 Gurley, Ralph Randolph, American clergy¬ 
 man and philanthropist, VIII. 334. 
 Gurnard, fish, VIII. 334. Gray, 2 c (ill., 335). 
 Web-fingered, 2 a (ill.). Flying, VII. 298, 
 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Gurney, Sir Goldworthy, English inventor, 
 VIII. 335. (Died 1875.) 
 
 Gurney, Joseph John, philanthropist, VIII. 335. 
 Gurowski, Adam, count [goo-rov'-ske], Polish 
 author and revolutionist, VIII. 336. 
 Gurret-ul-Ayn [goor'-ret-ool-ine'j, Babist mis¬ 
 sionary, II. 182, 2 c. Her tragic fate, 183,1 a. 
 Gurwhal [gur'-whal], district of India, VIII. 
 336. 
 
 Gurwood, John, English soldier, VIII. 336. 
 Guryev [goor'-yev], town of Russia, VIII. 336. 
 Gustav'us I., king of Sweden (Gustavus Vasa), 
 VIII. 337. See Christian II. 
 
 Gustavus II., Adolphus, king of Sweden, VIII. 
 338. See Thirty Years’ War, XV. 710, 2 b. 
 His management of cavalry, IV. 145, 1 a. 
 Gustavus III., king of Sweden, VIII. 339. 
 Gustavus IV., Adolphus, VIII. 340. His ar¬ 
 rest and abdication, 2 b. The throne claimed 
 by his son Gustavus, 341, 1 a. 
 
 Gustavus Adolphus union, VIII. 339, 1 c. 
 Gustavus Vasa: see Gustavus I. 
 
 Gustrow [giis'-tro], Germany, VIII. 341. 
 Gutenberg, Johann [goo'-ten-bairg], reputed 
 inventor of printing, VIII. 341. See Faust, 
 Johann, and Printing, XIII. 846, 1 c, ff. 
 Guthi, ancient race: see Jutland, IX. 730,1 a. 
 Guth'rie, county, VIII. 342. 
 
 Guthrie, Samuel, discovery of chloroform by, 
 IV. 502, 1 c, 2 a; VII. 39, 2 a. 
 
 Guthrie, Thomas, Scottish clergyman, VIII. 
 342. 
 
 Guthrie, William, Scottish author, VIII. 342. 
 Guthrun [gooth'-roon], Danish king, I. 298, 1 c. 
 Guts-Muths, Johann Christoph Friedrich 
 [goots'-moots], founder of the German sys¬ 
 tem of gymnastics, VIII. 342 ; 352, 1 a. 
 Guttce, in architecture, I. 657, 1 b. 
 
 Guttce, in heraldry, VIII. 672, 2 c. 
 
 Gut'ta Per'cha, gum, VIII. 343. Tree, 1 a 
 (ill.). Properties, 2 b. Treatment and uses, 
 344, 1 a, ff. 
 
 Gutzkow, Karl Ferdinand [goots'-ko], German 
 author, VIII. 345. 
 
 Gutzlaff, Karl [gtits'-laf], German missionary, 
 
 VIII. 345. 
 
 Guy, Thomas, English philanthropist, VIII. 345. 
 Guyana: see Guiana. 
 
 Guyard, Marie [ghe-yar]: see Mary of the 
 Incarnation. 
 
 Guyon, Jeanne Marie Bouvier de la Motto 
 [ghe-yo nB ], French mystical writer, VIII. 
 346. See Bossuet, III. 115, 1 c; Fenelon, 
 VII. 123, 1 ab. 
 
 Guyot, Arnold Henry [ghe-yo'], American 
 geographer, VIII. 347. His barometrical 
 measurements of Mt. Washington, II. 330, 
 2b; of the Black mountains, 2 c. Meteoro¬ 
 logical and physical tables, IX. 132, 2 b. 
 Guysborough, county, VIII. 347. 
 
 Guysborough, county seat, VIII. 348, 1 a. 
 Guy's hospital, VIII. 346, 1 a; X. 601, 2 a. 
 Guyton de Morveau, Louis Bernard [ghe' 
 to ng du.h mor-vo], French chemist, VIII. 
 348. Idea of a rational nomenclature in 
 chemistry originated by him, IV. 364, 1 a. 
 Guzardti [guz-a-ra'-tee], East Indian language, 
 
 IX. 217, 1 a. Alphabet, 2 a. Grammar, 
 219, 1 b. 
 
 Guzel Hissar , city : see Aidin. 
 
 Guzerat [guz-er-at'], district of India, VIII. 348. 
 Guzman , Domingo de [gooth-man']: see Domi¬ 
 nic. 
 
 Gwalas, Hindoo race, IX. 213, 2 be; 214, 1 c. 
 Gwalior [gwa'-le-or], a part of India, VIII. 
 348. Gwalior contingent, 349, 1 a. Capi¬ 
 tal city, 1 c (view). 
 
 Gwenap, Cornwall, adit of, I. 122, 2 a. 
 Gweugwen, Cayugas, IV. 161, 1 c. 
 
 Gwilt, Joseph, English architect, VIII. 349. 
 Gwinn, Eleanor: see Gwynn. 
 
 Gwinnett', county, VIII. 349. 
 
GWINNETT 
 
 HACKETT 
 
 367 
 
 Gwixxett, Button, a signer of the Declaration 
 of Independence, VIII. 350. 
 
 Gwyddel [gwith'-el]: see Gael, VII. 552, 1 b. 
 Gicyneddigion [gwin-eth-ig'-e-on], Welsh liter¬ 
 ary association, VI. 484, 1 c. 
 
 Gicyniad [gwin'-yad], fish ( coregonus lavare- 
 tus ), III. 280, 1 b. 
 
 Gwyxn, Eleanor, mistress of Charles II., VIII. 
 
 350. 
 
 Gwynne-Harris process: see Gas, VII. 640, 2 a. 
 Gya-Long [gya], emperor of Anam, I. 457, 1 c. 
 Gyges [ji'-jeez], king of Lydia, VIII. 350. 
 
 Gyle, a preparation in brewing, III. 260, 2 c. 
 Gyllenstjerna, Christina [yil-len-shair'-na], 
 Swedish patriot, IV. 525, 2 a. 
 
 Gymnasiarch , VIII. 351, 1 ab; XI. 345, 2 b. 
 Gymxasium, VIII. 350. German gymnasia, 
 
 351, lb: see Uxiyersity, XVI. 213, 2 ab. 
 Gymxastics, VIII. 351. In ancient times, 
 
 1 be; modern, 352, 1 a. Various kinds of 
 exercise, 2 ab; callisthenics, 354, 1 b. Prop¬ 
 er age for systematic gymnastics, 355, 1 be; 
 degree of training advisable, 1 c. 
 
 Gymne'tce, Grecian light troops, I. 738, 2 c. 
 Gymnetrus (ichthyology), XIV. 306, 2 a. G. 
 
 gladius, 2 ab (ill.). G. Hawkenii, ib. 
 Gymnodac'tylus (zoology), VII. 657, 1 a. G. 
 phyllurus, 2 a. 
 
 Gymxosophists, Indian philosophers, VIII. 356. 
 
 Gymno'tus : see Electric FisnES, VI. 498, 2 b. 
 
 Gymnura Rctfflesii (zoology), III. 420, 2 ab (ill.). 
 
 Gynce'ceum, women’s apartment, II. 65, 1 a. 
 
 Gyncecium (pistil), XIII. 587, 1 c. 
 
 Gynerium argenteum (botany), XIII. 30, 1 be 
 (ill.) ; VIII. 169, 1 c. 
 
 Gyoxgyos [dyon'-dyosh], town of Hungary, 
 VIII. 356. 
 
 Gypaetus barba'tus [ji-pa'-e-tus], (ornithology), 
 X. 127, 1 b. Other species, 2 b. 
 
 Gypoch'elys (zoology), XV. 131, 2 b. 
 
 Gyps fulvus (ornithology), XVI. 413, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Gypogeranus serpentarius (ornithology), XIV. 
 745, 2 c. 
 
 Gypsies, VIII. 356 (ill.). Language, 357, 2 a: 
 see Slaxg, XV. 85, 2 ab. In Spain, 206, 2 c. 
 
 Gypsum, mineral, VIII. 358. White granular 
 gypsum for small sculptures, I. 235, 1 a. 
 
 Gyrenceph!ala, sub-class of carnivora, IV. 11, 
 2 ab. Owen’s division of, 12, 1 b. 
 
 Gy’ romancy, kind of divination, VI. 154, 1 a. 
 
 Gyron, in heraldry, VIII. 672, 2 b. (See plate.) 
 
 Gyronny, in heraldry, VIII. 671, 2 c; 672, 
 2 a. (See plate.) 
 
 Gy'roscope, VIII. 359 (ill.) ; VI. 358, 2 be; 
 VII. 344, 2 c. 
 
 Gyrowetz, Adalbert [ghe'-ro-vets], Bohemian 
 composer, VIII. 361. 
 
 Gyula [dyoo'-law],town of Hungary,VIII. 361. 
 
 H 
 
 H, a letter, VIII. 361. Its use in ancient 
 Greek, 1 be; in English, 1 c; in combina¬ 
 tions, 2 c; in music, 362, 1 a. 
 
 Haardt [hart], hill, VI. 494, 1 a. See Hardt. 
 
 Haarlem [har'-lem], city of the Netherlands, 
 VIII. 362 (ill.). Siege of, 2 b. 
 
 Haarlem Meer [mair], lake, VIII. 362. See 
 Draixage, VI. 211, 2 c. 
 
 Hab'akkuk, Hebrew prophet, VIII. 363. 
 
 Habeas Corpus, writ, VIII. 363. Habeas cor¬ 
 pus act of 1679, 2 a; VI. 614, 2 a; XIV. 
 808, 2 c. Provisions of American statutes, 
 VIII. 363, 2 b. Importance of the law, 
 364, 1 b. Suspension of the writ by Presi¬ 
 dent Lincoln, X. 494, 1 c. 
 
 Habenaria orbiculata (botany), XII. 671, 2 c 
 (ill.); 673, 1 b. 
 
 Habexeck, Antoine Frangois [ab-nSk], French 
 musician, VIII. 365. 
 
 IIab'ersiiam, county, VIII. 365. 
 
 Habesh [ha'-besh]: see Abyssinia. 
 
 Habichtslehen [ha'-bi c hts-la-en], hawk tenures: 
 see Falcoxry, VII. 70, 2 c. 
 
 Hab'ixgtox, William, English poet, VIII. 365. 
 
 Habmham Juif [a-bra-am zhii-eef], cabalistic 
 book, VII. 256, 1 ab. 
 
 Habsburg [haps'-boorg]: see IIapsburg. 
 
 IIaciiette, Jean Nicolas Pierre [a-shot], French 
 mathematician, VIII. 365. 
 
 Hacienda of Antisana [a-se-ain'-da], Ecuador, 
 one of the highest habitations in the world, 
 I. 571, 1 a. 
 
 Hackberry, tree, VIII. 365 (ill.). 
 
 Hackee : see Chipmuxk. 
 
 Hdclcel: see Haeckel. 
 
 Hack’ ensack, county seat, II. 556, 1 a. 
 
 Hackert, Philipp, German artist, VIII. 366. 
 
 Hackett, Horatio Balch, American Biblical 
 scholar, VIII. 366. (Died 1875.) 
 
 Hackett, James Henry, actor, VIII. 366. 
 
368 
 
 HACKLANDER 
 
 HAIR 
 
 Haoklander, Friedrich Wilhelm von [hak'-len- 
 der], German author, YIII. 367. (Died 1877.) 
 
 Hackmatack: see Larch, X. 168, 2 a. 
 
 Hackney , district of London, X. 592, 1 a. 
 
 Hackney coaches , IV. 723, 1 a. 
 
 Haco , kings: see Norway, XII. 510, 2 ab, ff. 
 
 Haddam , county seat, XI. 524, 2 a. 
 
 Haddingtonshire, county, VIII. 367. 
 
 Haddock, fish, VIII. 367 (ill.). “Young had¬ 
 dock,” 368, 1 a. Norway haddock, ib . 
 
 Haddo's Hole , I. 22, 1 b. 
 
 Hadersleben [ha'-derce-la-ben], city of Prus<. 
 sia, VIII. 368. 
 
 Ha'des, in mythology, VIII. 368 ; XIII. 623,1 a. 
 
 Hadis [ha-deece'J: see Sunna. 
 
 Hadises , Mohammedan traditions, X. 45, 1 b. 
 
 Hadj , pilgrimage to Mecca, VIII. 368,1 c ; XI. 
 698, 2 b. 
 
 Hadji, pilgrim to Mecca, VIII. 368 ; I. 627, 2 c. 
 
 Hadji Kiialfa, Turkish historian, VIII. 368. 
 
 Hadley, James, American scholar, VIII. 368. 
 
 Hadley, John, English astronomer, VIII. 369. 
 Hadley’s quadrant, lb; 61, 2 a. 
 
 Hadramaijt [ha-dra-mowt'], district of Arabia, 
 VIII. 369. 
 
 IIa'drian, Roman emperor, VIII. 370. See 
 Civil Law, IV. 621, 1 be. 
 
 Hadrosau'rus, fossil reptile, VIII. 370 (ill.). 
 
 IIadrume'tum, ancient city, VIII. 371. 
 
 Hadziewicz, Rafael [had-zheh'-vitcli], Polish 
 painter, VIII. 371. 
 
 Hcecce'itas , tbis-and-that-ity, VI. 318, 2 c. 
 
 Haeckel, Ernst Heinrich [hek'-el], German 
 naturalist, VIII. 371. 
 
 Hcemapoph'yses , in anatomy, XIII. 425, 1 a. 
 
 Hmmatem'esis , kind of haemorrhage, VIII. 374, 
 2 c. 
 
 Hcematine [hem'-a-tin], in the blood, II. 729, 2 c. 
 
 Haematites [liem-a-ti'-teez], origin of name, XI. 
 588, 1 ab. See Hematite. 
 
 Haematoma auris , the “ insane ear,” IX. 307,1 c. 
 
 Hcematop'ota (entomology), VII. 551, 1 b. H. 
 pluvialis, ib .; XVI. 20, 1 c. 
 
 Hcemat'opis (ornithology), XII. 773, 2 a. H. 
 palliatus, 1 b (ill.). H. ostralegus, 774, 1 a. 
 
 Hcematoxyline [hem-a-tox'-e-lin], coloring prin¬ 
 ciple of logwood, X. 584, 1 ab. 
 
 Ilcematoxylon Campechianum (botany), X. 583, 
 2 c. 
 
 Hcemoglobine , constituent of blood, XII. 771,1 a. 
 
 Hcem'opis (zoology), X. 311, 1 b. 
 
 Hemop'tysis, disease, VIII. 373. 
 
 Hem'orrhage, escape of blood, VIII. 373. 
 
 Hcemorrhagic infarctions , VIII. 561, 2 c. 
 
 Hemorrhoids, VIII. 374. 
 
 Hcemostat'ics , in therapeutics, VIII. 373, 2 c. 
 
 Hee'mus , II. 241, 2 a (Balkan Mountains). 
 
 Haerlem [har'-lem]: see Haarlem. 
 
 Haff, estuary, VIII. 375. 
 
 Hafiz, Mohammed Shems ed-Din [ha'-fiz], Per¬ 
 sian poet, VIII. 375; XIII. 327, 1 b. 
 
 IIa'gar, servant of Sarah, VIII. 376. 
 
 Hagarenes': see Hagak, and Isiimael. 
 
 Ha'garites: see Hagar. 
 
 Hagen [ha'-ghen], in German legend, XII. 419, 
 2 c. 
 
 IIagen, town of Prussia, VIII. 376. 
 
 Hagen, Ernst August, author, VIII. 376. 
 
 Hagenau [ha'-geh-now], city of Alsace, VIII. 
 376. 
 
 HAGENBAcn, Karl Rudolf [ha'-ghen-ba k h], his¬ 
 torian, VIII. 376. (Died 1874.) 
 
 Ha'gerstown, city of Maryland, VIII. 376. 
 
 Hag Fish: see Myxinoids. 
 
 Haggadoth , Haggadah , in Hebrew literature, 
 VIII. 595, 1 b, 2 ab. 
 
 IIaggai [hag'-ga-I], Hebrew prophet, VIII. 377. 
 
 Hagiog'rapiia, division of the Hebrew Scrip¬ 
 tures, VIII. 377; XIV. 30, 1 be. 
 
 Hag taper: see Mullein, XII. 31, 1 c. 
 
 Hague, The [haig], city of the Netherlands, 
 VIII. 377. Maurits Huis, 2 ab (ill.). 
 
 Hague, William, American clergyman, VIII. 378. 
 
 Haguenau [ag-no], city: see Hagenau. 
 
 Hahn, August [ban], theologian, VIII. 378. 
 
 IIahn-Hahn, Ida Marie Luise Sophie Friederike 
 Gustave, countess, authoress, VIII. 378. 
 
 IIahnel, Ernst Julius [ha'-nel], sculptor, VIII. 
 378. 
 
 Hahnemann, Samuel Christian Friedrich [ha/- 
 neh-man], founder of homoeopathy, VIII. 
 378. Alluded to, I. 334, 2 a (Allopathy). 
 
 Haiks [hikes], (Armenians), I. 723, 1 c. 
 
 Hail, VIII. 379 (ills., 380). 
 
 Hail [bile], town: see Hayel. 
 
 Hailes, Lord: see Dalrymple, Sir David. 
 
 Hain [bine], town : see Grosseniiain. 
 
 Hainan [hi-nan'], island of China, VIII. 382. 
 
 IIainau [ln'-now], town of Prussia, VIII. 382. 
 
 Ilainault: see Hainaut. 
 
 Hainaut [a-no], province of Belgium,VIII. 882. 
 
 Hair, VIII. 382 (ill., 383); V. 184, 2 b. Of 
 the human head, as a basis of classification. 
 VI. 756, 2 ab (table). 
 
 Hair-cell chords , of the ear, XV. 185, 1 c; 186, 
 1 b, 2 a. 
 
 Hairetis [hi-ra'-teez], dervishes, VI. 33, 2 a. 
 
 Hair salt , mineral, XV. 453, 2 b. 
 
HAIR 
 
 HALL 
 
 369 
 
 Hair spring, of a watch, IV. 700, 2 c. 
 
 Hair Worm (entozoa), VIII. 384. 
 
 Haiti [Fr. I-te]: see IIayti. 
 
 IIaizinger, Anton [hi'-tsing-er], German vocal¬ 
 ist, VIII. 384. Amalie, 2 c. 
 
 IIaje [ha'-ya]: see Asp, II. 18, 1 c (naya 
 haye ), and Cobra de Capello, IV. 772, 2 be 
 (naja haje). 
 
 Hake, fish, VIII. 385. European hake, 1 ab 
 (ill.); American, 1 c; white, 2 b (ill.). 
 Hakem [ha'-kem], Fatimite caliph of Egypt, 
 VI. 272, 2 b; VII. 94, 2 a. 
 
 Hakhamanish , Persian king, XIII. 321, 2 c. 
 Hakkadosh: see Jttdah, rabbi. 
 
 Hakluyt, Richard [hak'-loot], English author, 
 VIII. 385. 
 
 Hakodadi [ha-ko-da'-de], city of Japan, VIII. 
 386 (view). 
 
 HalakJiah, halakhoth , in Hebrew literature, 
 VIII. 595, 1 a. 
 
 ILalas [hol'-osh], town of Hungary, VIII. 387. 
 Halberstadt [hal'-ber-stat], town of Prussia, 
 VIII. 387. Poetical union of, 1 b. 
 
 Halbig, Johann [hal'-bi c h], German sculptor, 
 VIII. 387. 
 
 Halcyon , bird, IX. 839, 2 a. “Halcyon days,” 2b. 
 Haldane, Robert, Scottish philanthropist, VIII. 
 
 387. James Alexander, 2 b. See IX. 199, 2 b. 
 Haldanites , religious body, IX. 199, 2 b. 
 Haldeman, S. Stehman, American naturalist 
 
 and philologist, VIII. 387. 
 
 Haldimand, county, VIII. 388. 
 
 Hale, county, VIII. 388. 
 
 Hale, Benjamin, American clergyman, VIII. 
 
 388. 
 
 Hale, David, journalist, VIII. 388. 
 
 Hale, Edward Everett, author, VIII. 388. 
 Hale, John Parker, statesman, VIII. 388. 
 Hale, Sir Matthew, English jurist, VIII. 389. 
 
 On the responsibility of the insane, X. 717,1 a. 
 Hale, Nathan, American revolutionary soldier, 
 VIII. 390. Nathan, journalist, 1 c. 
 
 Hale, Sarah Josepha, authoress, VIII. 390. 
 Haleb [ha'-leb]: see Aleppo. Origin of the 
 name, I. 273, 1 b. 
 
 Hales, Alexander of : see Alexander of 
 Hales. 
 
 Hales, Stephen, English clergyman, VIII. 390. 
 Hale'sia (botany), XV. 137,1 c. JI. tetraptera, 
 2 a (ill.). 
 
 IIal^vy, Jacques Francois Fromental £lie 
 [a-la-ve], French composer, VIII. 391; XII. 
 93,1 a. L6on, author, VIII. 391, 2 a. Ludo- 
 vic, dramatist, 2 b. 
 
 24 
 
 Half circle, in fencing, VII. 121, 1 c. 
 Half-circle parry of Bertrand, VII. 121, 2 ab. 
 u Half-line lay,” in mackerel fishing, X. 793, 
 
 1 c. 
 
 Half moon Point (Waterford), XVI. 502, 1 b. 
 Halford, Sir Henry, physician, VIII. 391. 
 Halfpenny, origin of the term, XIII. 271, 1 c. 
 Half stuff, “ in paper making, XIII. 46, 2 c. 
 Haliaetus [hal-e-a'-e-tus], (ornithology), VI. 
 348, 1 c. II. leucocephalus, ib. (ill.). H. 
 Washingtonii, 349, 1 b. II. albicilla, 2 a 
 (ill.). H. pelagicus, 2 c. 
 
 Hal'iburton, Thomas Chandler, Canadian 
 humorist, VIII. 391. 
 
 Halibut [hol'-e-but], fish, VIII. 392 (ill.). 
 Halicarnassus, ancient city of Caria, VIII. 
 
 392. Mausoleum, 393, 1 a (ills., 393, 394). 
 Halicore : see Dugong. 
 
 Halidon Hill, battle of, II. 244, 2 c. 
 
 Halifax, two counties, VIII. 394. 
 
 Halifax, county of Nova Scotia, VIII. 394. 
 Halifax, city of Nova Scotia, VIII. 394. 
 
 Province building, 2 c (ill., 395). 
 
 Halifax, town of England, VIII. 395. Town 
 hall, 396, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Halifax, county seat, VIII. 394, 1 c. 
 
 Halifax, Earl of: see Montague, Charles. 
 Halifax, John, arithmetician, I. 708, 1 a. 
 Halifax, Marquis of: see Savile, George. 
 Halifax Court House: see Banister. 
 
 Halim Pasha : see Abd-el-Halim. 
 
 IIaliot'idje : see Ear Shell. 
 
 Halio'tis (conchology), V. 201, 1 c; VI. 354, 
 
 2 a; XI. 723, 1 b. II. tuberculata, VI. 
 354, 2 b. 
 
 Halithe'rium (palaeontology), VI. 302, 1 a. 
 Hall, two counties, VIII. 396. 
 
 Hall [hal], town of Tyrol, VIII. 396. 
 
 Hall, town of Wiirtemberg, VIII. 396. 
 
 Hall, Basil, British author, VIII. 396. 
 
 Hall, Charles Francis, American arctic ex¬ 
 plorer, VIII. 397; I. 679, 2 b, 680, 2 b. 
 Hall, Dominick Augustine, jurist, VIII. 397. 
 Hall, Gordon, missionary, VIII. 397. 
 
 Hall, James, judge and author, VIII. 398. 
 Arrested by Andrew Jackson, IX. 491, 1 a. 
 John E., author, 1 c. 
 
 Hall, James, geologist, VIII. 398. On the 
 origin and nature of mountains, XII. 9, 1 b. 
 Charles Edward, VIII. 399, 2 a. 
 
 Hall, Sir James, on the structure of basalt, 
 VII. 689, 1 c. 
 
 Hall, John, American clergyman, VIII. 399. 
 Hall, Joseph, English author, VIII. 399. 
 
370 
 
 HALL 
 
 HAMILTON 
 
 Hall, Lyman, a signer of the Declaration of 
 Independence, VIII. 400. 
 
 Hall, Marshall, English physician, VIII. 400. 
 Hall, Newman, clergyman, VIII. 400. 
 
 Hall, Robert, preacher and author, VIII. 400. 
 Hall, Samuel Carter, author and editor, VIII. 
 
 401. Anna Maria Fielding, authoress, 1 c. 
 Halla , castle of, VIII. 402, 2 a (Halle). 
 Hallam, Henry, English historian, VIII. 401. 
 On the feudal system, VII. 160, 1 a. His 
 opinion of Grotius’s treatise on international 
 law, X. 222, 2 be.—Arthur Henry, VIII. 
 
 401, 2 c. 
 
 Halle [hal'-leh], city of Prussia, VIII. 402. 
 
 University, 1 b (ill.). School of, VII. 768, 2 a. 
 Halleck, Fitz-Greene, American poet, VIII. 
 
 402. 
 
 Halleck, Henry Wager, soldier, VIII. 403. 
 Hallein [hal'-line], town of Austria, VIII. 403. 
 Hallelujah victory , so styled, VII. 743, 2 b. 
 Hallee, Albrecht von, Swiss physiologist, 
 VIII. 403. 
 
 Haller , Joseph , nom de plume, V. 49, 1 a. 
 Halles centrales [al sa ng -tral], Paris markets, 
 XIII. 88, 2 be. 
 
 Hallettsville, county seat, X. 213, 1 a. 
 Hal'levi: see Judah, IX. 699, 1 c. 
 
 Halley, Edmund, English astronomer, VIII. 
 ' 404. Halley’s comet, 1 b ; V. 140, 1 c. His 
 chart of the compass variations, VIII. 404, 
 1 a; XII. 181, 1 b. 
 
 Hallier [hal-leer'], (Ernst, born 1831, professor 
 of botany at Jena), observations on fermen¬ 
 tation by, VII. 145, 2 ab. 
 
 Halliwell, James Orchard, English archaeolo¬ 
 gist, VIII. 404. 
 
 Halloween' : see Hallow Eve. 
 
 Hallowell, city of Maine, VIII. 404. 
 
 Hallow Eve, VIII. 405. See All Saints’ Day. 
 Hallowmas Eve : see Hallow Eve. 
 Hallucination , in insanity, IX. 301, 2 a. 
 
 Halm , Friedrich [halm], pseudonyme, XII. 
 40, 1 a. 
 
 Halmahera [hal-ma-ha'-ra]: see Gilolo. 
 Halmatu’rus (zoology), IX. 744, 2 b. 
 
 Halo, in meteorology, VIII. 405. Coronae, 
 1 c. Anthelia, 2 be. Halos proper, 400, 
 
 1 a. Parhelia and paraselenae, 1 c. 
 
 Halocyp'selus (ichthyology), VII. 298, 1 a. H. 
 
 mesogaster, ib . 
 
 Hal'ogens (chemistry), XII. 476, 2 b. 
 
 Haloid salts (chemistry), XII. 476, 2 b. 
 Halotrichite [hal-ot'-re-kite], mineral, XV. 453, 
 
 2 b. 
 
 Haloxyline [hal-ox'-e-lin], explosive powder, 
 
 VII. 36, 1 c. 
 
 Hals, Franciscus [halce], painter, VIII. 407. 
 Halstead, Murat [hawl'-sted], American jour¬ 
 nalist, VIII. 407. 
 
 Halteres [hal'-te-reez], in diptera, VI. 128,1 ab. 
 Haltica (entomology), XVI. 76. H. nemorum, 
 
 1 b (ill.). Other species. 
 
 Halton [hawl'-tun], county, Canada, VIII. 407. 
 Hal'ybueton, Thomas, Scottish theologian, 
 
 VIII. 407. 
 
 Ha'lys, river of Asia Minor, VIII. 407. 
 
 Ham [am], town of France, VIII. 407. Castle 
 of, 2 c (ill., 408). 
 
 Ham, son of Noah, VIII. 408. 
 
 Hamadan [ha-ma-dan'J, town of Persia, VIII. 
 
 408. 
 
 Ham' adryad, snake, IX. 204, 1 c. 
 
 Hamadryads , in mythology, VI. 276, 2 a; XII. 
 549, 2 c. 
 
 Hamah [ha-ma'], city of Syria, VIII. 408 (view). 
 
 Inscriptions at, 409, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Hamame'Us Virgin'ica (botany), XVI. 691, 
 
 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Ha'man, minister of Ahasuerus, VIII. 409. 
 Hamann, Johann Georg [ha'-man], German 
 author, VIII. 409. 
 
 Hamasa [ha-ma'-sa], collection of eastern po¬ 
 etry, I. 41, 2 c; 623, 2 b. 
 
 Ha'math : see Hamah. 
 
 Hambach [ham'-ba k h], village of Bavaria, VIII. 
 
 409. Hambacher Fest, 410, 1 a. 
 
 Hamblen, county, VIII. 410. 
 
 Ham'bueg [Ger. ham'-boorg], free state of 
 Germany, VIII. 410. City, 1 c (view). 
 History, 411, 1 c. Great fire, 2 b; V. 236, 
 2 c. Archives of, X. 165, 2 ab. 
 
 Hamburgs, fowls, IV. 783, 2 c. 
 
 Hameln [ha'-meln], town of Prussia, VIII. 
 
 411. Piper of Hameln, 2 c. 
 
 Hameeling, Robert, Geyman poet, VIII. 412. 
 IIam'eeton, Philip Gilbert, English author and 
 artist, VIII. 412. His “positive process” 
 in etching, VI. 652, 1 a. 
 
 Hamesucken [haim'-sook-en], in Scotch law, 
 III. 448, 2 c. 
 
 Hamil'car , Carthaginian general, his defeat at 
 Himera, VIII. 733, 2 c. 
 
 Hamilcae Baeca, general, VIII. 412; 442, 1 
 ab. His management of cavalry, IV. 142,1 c. 
 Hamilton, name of nine counties, VIII. 412. 
 Hamilton, town of New York, VIII. 413. 
 
 Madison university, 414, 1 a. 
 
 Hamilton, city of Ohio, VIII. 414. 
 
HAMILTON 
 
 HAMPTON 
 
 371 
 
 Hamilton, city of Nevada, VIII. 414. 
 Hamilton , county seats, VIII. 413,1 b; 477, 1 c. 
 Hamilton, city of Canada, VIII. 414. 
 Hamilton, borough of Scotland, VIII. 415. 
 
 , Hamilton, Alexander, American statesman, 
 .. VIII. 415. His reply to an attack on the 
 continental congress by Samuel Seabury, 2 e. 
 His share in framing the constitution, XVI. 
 190, 2 b. Plan of a national government, 
 VIII. 417, 2 a. Jefferson’s controversy with 
 him, 418, 1 be; IX. 595, 2 c. Charge of 
 corruption and peculation, VIII. 418, 2 b ; 
 
 VII. 810, 1 b; his vindication, VIII. 418, 
 2 c. His support of Washington’s French 
 policy, 419, 1 b. Opposition to John Adams, 
 1 be. His doctrine of libel, 2 ab. Duel with 
 Burr, 2 be. His life and works by John C. 
 Hamilton, &c., 420, 1 a. On political econ¬ 
 omy, XIII. 674, 2 c. Public credit in the 
 United States after the revolution, VIII. 
 418, 1 a; measures of finance, 1 b. 
 
 Hamilton, Count Anthony, French writer, 
 
 VIII. 420. 
 
 Hamilton, Elizabeth, Irish authoress, VIII. 
 420. 
 
 Hamilton, Gail, nom de plume, XVI. 200, 2 b. 
 Hamilton, Gavin, Scottish artist, VIII. 420. 
 Hamilton, Harriet Georgina (Lady Dufferin), 
 authoress, VI. 299, 1 c. 
 
 Hamilton, James, American statesman, VIII. 
 
 420. 
 
 Hamilton , Lady Emma Lyon: see Hamilton, 
 Sir William, antiquary (Index). 
 
 Hamilton, Robert, Scottish mathematician, 
 VIII. 421. 
 
 Hamilton, William, Scottish poet, VIII. 421. 
 Hamilton, Sir William, British antiquary, VIII. 
 
 421. Emma Lyon (Lady Hamilton), his 
 wife, 2 b. Her connection with Lord Nel¬ 
 son, 422,1 ab; XII. 221, 1 b, ff.; III. 765, 2 b. 
 
 Hamilton, Sir William, Scottish philosopher, 
 VIII. 422. His philosophy, 423, 2 a; XIII. 
 430, 1 ab, c, 2 b; 431, 1 ab; 445, 2 be. On 
 the identity of the absolute and the infinite, 
 I. 34, 2 a. On logic, X. 581, 1 c. 
 
 Hamilton, William Gerard (Single-speech Ham¬ 
 ilton), VIII. 423. His relations with Burke, 
 III. 456, 1 c. 
 
 Hamilton, William Richard, English archee- 
 ologist, VIII. 423. His seizure of the Ro¬ 
 setta stone from the French, 2 c; rescue of 
 the Elgin marbles, 424, 1 a. 
 
 Hamilton, Sir William Rowan, British phi¬ 
 losopher, VIII. 424. His prediction of the 
 
 conical refraction in biaxal crystals, 2 a. 
 Calculus of quaternions, 2 b : see Calculus, 
 III. 571,1 c. Deduction from Fresnel’s the¬ 
 ory of double refraction, X. 451, 2 a. 
 
 Hamilton College, New York, VIII. 424. 
 
 Hamilton palace, Scotland, VIII. 415, 1 c. 
 
 Ham'ites, XIV. 760,2 a, ff. See Ham, and Accad. 
 
 Hamitic Semites , XIV. 760, 2 a. 
 
 Hamlet, prince of Denmark, VIII. 425. His 
 so-called tomb, VI. 554, 1 c. 
 
 Hamlin, county, VIII. 425. 
 
 Hamlin , county seat, X. 487, 1 c. 
 
 Hamlin, Hannibal, American statesman, VIII. 
 425. 
 
 IIamline, Leonidas Lent [ham'-lin], American 
 clergyman, VIII. 425. On the right of the 
 general conference to depose a bishop, 2 c. 
 
 Hamm [ham], city of Prussia, VIII. 426. 
 
 Hamme [ham'-mbh], town of Belgium, VIII.426. 
 
 Hammer, mechanical tool, VIII. 426. Tilt 
 hammer, 2 a (ill.). High-speed steam ham¬ 
 mer, 2 c (ill., 427). 
 
 Hammer of a musket, XII. 97, 1 b, 2 a. 
 
 Hammer of heretics, sobriquet, I. 214, 2 a. 
 
 Hammer, Julius [ham'-mer], German author, 
 VIII. 427. 
 
 Hammerfest, seaport of Norway, VIII. 427. 
 
 Hammer-Puegstall, Joseph von [-poorg'-stal], 
 German orientalist, VIII. 427. 
 
 Hammersmith, village of England, VIII. 428. 
 
 Hammond, James Hamilton, American states¬ 
 man, VIII. 428. 
 
 Hammond, Samuel, American revolutionary 
 officer, VIII. 428. 
 
 Hammond, William Alexander, American phy¬ 
 sician, VIII. 428. 
 
 IIamon, Jean Louis [a-mo ng ], French painter, 
 VIII. 428. 
 
 Hampden, county, VIII. 429. 
 
 Hampden, John, English statesman, VIII. 429. 
 His opposition to “ ship money,” 2 a. Charge 
 of high treason brought against him, IV. 280, 
 
 1 c. His opinion of Cromwell’s scheme for 
 reforming the army, V. 501, 2 b. 
 
 Hampden, Renn Dickson, English bishop and 
 scholar, VIII. 430. 
 
 Hampden Sidney College, Virginia, VIII. 430. 
 
 Hampshire, two counties, VIII. 430. 
 
 Hampshire, county of England, VIII. 430. 
 
 Hampstead, suburb of London, VIII. 431. 
 
 Hampton, town of Virginia, VIII. 431. Hamp¬ 
 ton institute (colored), 1 b. 
 
 Hampton, county seats, III. 583,1 c; VII. 434, 
 
 2 c; X. 6, 1 a. 
 
372 
 
 HAMPTON 
 
 HANTS 
 
 Hampton, parish of England, VIII. 431. Hamp¬ 
 ton Court, 2 he (ill.). 
 
 Hampton, Wade, American soldier, VIII. 432. 
 Wade, confederate soldier, 1 b (governor of 
 South Carolina, 1876). 
 
 Hampton Roads, Chesapeake bay, VIII. 432. 
 Naval battles in, 2 a, ff.; IX. 381, 2 b. Hamp¬ 
 ton Roads conference, IX. 72, 2 c; X. 498, 
 1 ab; XV. 373, 2 c. 
 
 Hamster, animal, VIII. 433 (ill.). Hamster 
 mouse, 2 ab. Georgia hamster, 110, 2 be. 
 Hamza , Messiah of the Druses, VI. 272, 2 b. 
 Hanau [ha'-now], town of Prussia, VIII. 433. 
 
 Hanau-Munzenberg and -Lichtenberg, 2 b. 
 Hanbalites: see Sunna, and XI. 627, 1 b. 
 Hancock, ten counties, VIII. 433. 
 
 Hancock, John, American statesman, VIII. 
 435. President of the continental congress, 
 
 1 be. First governor of Massachusetts, 1 c. 
 Hancock and Rainbow , fight between the : see 
 
 Manley, John. 
 
 Hancock, Winfield Scott, American soldier, 
 VIII. 435. 
 
 Hand, county, VIII. 436. 
 
 Hand organ , XII. 691, 1 b. 
 
 Han'del, Georg Friedrich (Ger. Handel , hen'- 
 del), German composer, VIII. 436 ; XII. 90, 
 
 2 b. Characterization of, VIII. 439, 2 c. 
 Handel Maatschapij [ban'-del mat'-ska-pi], 
 
 Dutch trading association, XII. 244, 2 b. 
 Handicap , in horse racing, XVI. 49, 2 a. 
 Hand-in and hand-out , game : see Cricket. 
 Hand squirts: see Fire Engine, VII. 210, 
 2 be. 
 
 Haneberg, Daniel [ha'-neh-bairg], German the¬ 
 ologian, VIII. 440. 
 
 Hang bird (Baltimore bird), II. 257, 2 a. 
 Hangchow', city of China, VIII. 440. 
 Hang-nest : see Baltimore Bird. Origin of 
 the name, XVI. 6, 1 b. 
 
 Hanging gardens , of Babylon, II. 186, 2 a, ff. 
 Hanging rock iron region , IX. 799, 1 be. 
 Hango, or Hango-Udd, seaport of Finland, 
 VIII. 440. 
 
 Hanifah [ha-ne'-fa], founder of a Mussulman 
 sect, VIII. 441. 
 
 Han'ifites: see Hanifah, Sunna, and XI. 697, 
 
 1 b. 
 
 Hanka, Venceslav [han'-ka], Bohemian phi¬ 
 lologist, VIII. 441. 
 
 Hankel, Wilhelm Gottlieb, German natural 
 philosopher, VIII. 441. 
 
 Hankow', city of China, VIII. 441. 
 
 Hanley, town of England, VIII. 441. 
 
 Hannaford , photo-lithographic process of, X. 
 529, 2 b. 
 
 Hannay, James, British author, VIII. 441. 
 Hannibal, city of Missouri, VIII. 441. 
 Hannibal, Carthaginian general, VIII. 442. 
 War in Spain, 1 b. Second Punic war be¬ 
 gun, 1 c; passage over the Alps, 2 b; war 
 in Italy, 2 c; battle of Cannm, 443, 2 a (see 
 Cannae). His return to Africa, 444, 1 a; 
 battle of Zama, 1 ab. His political career, 
 
 1 b. Refugee, 1 be. His death, 2 a. His 
 management of cavalry, IV. 142, 1 c. 
 
 Hannibal , son of Gisco, capture of Himera by, 
 VIII. 734, 1 a. 
 
 Hannibal ante portas , proverb, VIII. 443, 1 b. 
 Hanno, Carthaginian navigator, VIII. 444. 
 As an explorer, 2 ab; VII. 683, 1 c. His 
 Periplus, VIII. 444, 2 b. 
 
 Hanno, the Great, general and statesman, 
 VIII. 444. 
 
 Hanno , Saint: see Anno. Allusion to, I. 80,1 c. 
 Han'over, county, VIII. 445. 
 
 Hanover, town of New Hampshire, VIII. 445. 
 
 Town of Indiana, 1 c. Hanover college, ib. 
 Hanover, province of Prussia, VIII. 445. His¬ 
 tory, 446, 1 be. A kingdom, 2 ab. Its an¬ 
 nexation to Prussia: see George V. Capi¬ 
 tal city, 2 b. 
 
 Hanover Court House, Battle of: see Chick- 
 ahominy, IV. 411, 1 ab. 
 
 Hanoverian succession: see George I., and 
 England, VI. 616, 1 a. 
 
 Hansa [han'-sa]: see Hanseatic League. 
 Hansards , merchants, VIII. 447, 2 b. 
 
 Hanse [a ng ce], French guild, VIII. 305, 1 a. 
 Hanseat'io League, VIII. 447. Hanseatic 
 trading factory in Bergen, II. 556, 2 b; in 
 London, VIII. 447, 2 b ; in Bruges, 2 be ; in 
 Novgorod, ib ., and XII. 527, 2 ab. 
 
 Hansen, Peter Andreas [han'-zen], German 
 astronomer, VIII. 448. 
 
 Hanse towns : see Hanseatic League. Their 
 control over their foreign factories, II. 556, 
 
 2 be. Free Hanse towns, VIII. 448, 1 c. 
 Hanska , Countess Evelina , II. 259, 2 b. 
 Hanson, county, VIII. 448. 
 
 Hanssens, Charles Louis, Belgian composer, 
 VIII. 448. 
 
 Hansteen, Christopher [han'-stain], Norwegian 
 astronomer, VIII. 448. 
 
 Hansivurst [hance'-voorst], harlequin, VIII. 
 463, 2 b. 
 
 Hants, county of Nova Scotia, VIII. 449. 
 Hants, county of England : see Hampshire. 
 
! 
 
 HANUMAN 
 
 Hanuman [ha-noo-man'], fort of, Oude, XII. 
 741, 1 b. 
 
 Hanway, Jonas, English author, VIII. 449. 
 First Englishman that carried an umbrella, 
 
 1 c; XVI. 109, 1 a. 
 
 Hapale [hap'-a-le], (zoology), XI. 181, 1 b, c. 
 II. jacchus, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Happiness , the greatest, in ethics (“the great¬ 
 est happiness principle ”), XI. 814, 1 b. 
 IIaps'burg, Swiss castle, VIII. 449. Counts 
 of, 1 c. Ilapsburg dynasty in Germany, 2 a; 
 
 VII. 753, 1 c. In Hungary, IX. 57, 2 ab. 
 In Austria, Switzerland, Spain, &c., VIII. 
 449, 2 b ; II. 143, 2c,£; XV. 529, 2 c, 
 212, 1 be. In Italjs IX. 450, 2 c, 452, 1 ab. 
 In the Netherlands, XII. 247, 1 a.—Geffery 
 Feilding, count of Hapsburg, VIII. 450, 1 a. 
 
 Hapsburg , fortress of the counts of, X. 704, 2 a. 
 Hapuku [ha-poo-koo'J, fish, XII. 411, 1 a. 
 Harafo'ras, savage people of Celebes, &c., 
 
 VIII. 450. 
 
 Hara-kiri [ha'-ra-ke'-re], Japanese method of 
 suicide, IX. 535, 1 b. 
 
 Har'ald Har'drada , king of Norway, XII. 510, 
 
 2 c; VIII. 471, 1 c, 2 a (Harold). 
 
 Harold Harfager , king of Norway, XII. 510, 2 a. 
 Haralson, county, VIII. 450. 
 
 Haram esh-Sherif [ha-ram' esh-sha-reef'], en¬ 
 closure in Jerusalem, IX. 615, 2 ab. 
 
 Harar [ha-rar'], country and town of E. Africa, 
 VIII. 450. Described by Burton, 451, 1 a. 
 Harbaugh, Henry [har'-baw], American cler¬ 
 gyman, VIII. 451. 
 
 Harbor Grace, Newfoundland, VIII. 451. 
 Harburg [har'-boorg], Prussia, VIII. 451. 
 Harcourt, Sir William George Granville Ver¬ 
 non [har'-kurt], English lawyer, VIII. 451. 
 Hardacanute: see Hardicanute. 
 
 “ Hard a-lee: ” see Ship, XIV. 867, 1 b. 
 Hardecanute: see Hardicanute. 
 
 Hardee, William J., American soldier, VIII. 451. 
 Hardeman, two counties, VIII. 451. 
 IIaedenberg, Friedrich von, baron [har'-den- 
 bairg], (Novalis), German author, VIII. 452. 
 Hardenberg, Karl August von, prince, states¬ 
 man, VIII. 452. His policy of reforms in 
 Prussia, 2 ab. 
 
 Hardenburgh 1 s Corners (Auburn), II. 100, 2 a. 
 IIarderwyk, or Harderwijk [har'-der-wike], 
 town of the Netherlands, VIII. 452. 
 Hardback : see Spiraea, XV. 274, 2 a (ill.). 
 Hardhead : see Menhaden. 
 
 Har'dicanute, last Danish king of England, 
 VIII. 453. 
 
 HARGREAVES 373 
 
 Hardiknut [har'-de-knoot]: see Hardicanute. 
 Hardin, six counties, VIII. 453. 
 
 Hardin , county seats, III. 583, 2 a ; VIII. 453, 
 
 1 c. 
 
 Harding, Chester, American painter, VIII. 453. 
 IIardinge, Henry, viscount [har'-ding], Eng¬ 
 lish soldier, VIII. 454. Charles Stewart, 
 viscount, 2 b. 
 
 Hardinsburg , county seat, III. 241, 1 b. 
 Hardness of water, XVI. 496, 2 b. 
 
 Hardouin, Jean [ar-dwa ng ], Jesuit scholar, 
 VIII. 454. 
 
 Hard rubber (ebonite), III. 737, 1 c; 740, 1 a. 
 Hardt mountains , Bavaria, II. 400, 1 b. 
 Hardwell camp , England, II. 562, 1 c. 
 Hardwick, Charles, English theologian, VIII. 
 
 455. 
 
 IIardwicke, Earls of, VIII. 455. Philip 
 Yorke, jurist, 1 b. Philip Yorke, author, 
 
 2 a. Philip Yorke, lord lieutenant of Ire¬ 
 land, 2 ab. Charles Philip Yorke, naval 
 officer, 2 b. 
 
 Hardy, county, VIII. 455. 
 
 Hare, animal, VIII. 455. European hare, 
 
 456, 1 c (ill.). Difference between the hare 
 and the rabbit, 1 be. Northern hare, 457, 
 
 1 b (ill.). Texan hare: see Rabbit, XIV. 
 160, 1 b. Little chief hare, XIII. 509, 1 c 
 (ill.). Jumping hare, IX. 606, 1 b. 
 
 Hare, Julius Charles, English clergyman and 
 writer, VIII. 457. Augustus William, clergy¬ 
 man and writer, 458, 1 c. Augustus Julius 
 Charles, author, ib. 
 
 Hare, Robert, American physicist, VIII. 458. 
 His invention of the oxyhydrogen blowpipe, 
 
 2 a (see Blowpipe) ; of valve cock or gallows 
 screw, 2 be; of calorimotor, 2 c, VII. 589, 
 2 c (ill.); of deflagrator, VIII. 458, 2 c; of 
 hydrometer, IX. 124, 2 c. 
 
 Harebell, plant, VIII. 459 (ill.). 
 
 Hare Lip, VIII. 459. Operation of staphylora- 
 phy, 2 be. 
 
 Ha'rem, VIII. 459. Description of by Lady 
 Mary Montagu, 460, 1 c; by Mrs. Caroline 
 Paine, 2 b ; by ladies of William H. Seward’s 
 party, 2 c; by Mrs. Leonowens, 461, 1 c. 
 Haren'gula (ichthyology), VIII. 696, 2 b; XV. 
 
 287, 1 ab. H. sprattus, ib. 
 
 IIarfleur [ar-fliihr], town of France, VIII. 461. 
 Har'ford, county, VIII. 461. 
 
 Hargraves, Edmund Hammond, discoverer of 
 gold in Australia, VIII. 461. 
 
 Hargreaves , James , inventor of the spinning 
 jenny, V. 411, 2 a; I. 718, 1 a, c. 
 
374 
 
 HARHO 
 
 HARRIER 
 
 Harho , salt plain in Adal, I. 80, 1 a. 
 
 Haricot [Fr. a-re-ko], bean, II. 416, 2 a. 
 
 Harim [Ar. ha-reem'j: see Harem. 
 
 Haring, Wilhelm [lia'-ring], German novelist, 
 VIII. 462. 
 
 IIarington, Sir John, English poet, VIII. 462. 
 Hariri, Abu Mohammed Kasem ben Ali [ha- 
 re'-re], Arabian poet, VIII. 462. 
 
 Harl , of flax, VII. 263, 2 c. 
 
 Harlan, two counties, VIII. 463. 
 
 Harlan , county seats, VIII. 463, 1 b; XIV. 
 842, 2 a. 
 
 Harlan (Richard, M. D., 1796-1843, professor 
 in Philadelphia), his classification of reptiles, 
 VIII. 695, 1 a. 
 
 Harland , Marion , pseudonyme, XV. 657, 2 a. 
 Harlay, Achille de [dull ar-la], French jurist, 
 VIII. 463. 
 
 Harlei'an collection , library of manuscripts, 
 VIII. 464, 2 ab; III. 297, 2 c. 
 
 “ Harleian Miscellany ,” VIII. 464, 2 b. 
 Harlem : see Haarlem. 
 
 Harlem ) part of New York city, XII. 374, 1 a. 
 
 River, 373, 2 ab, be; 384, 1 c (see map). 
 Harlequin [har'-le-kin], VIII. 463. Supposed 
 origin of Italian harlequins, II. 554, 2 c. 
 Harless, Gottlieb Christoph Adolf, German 
 theologian, VIII. 463. 
 
 Harley, Robert, earl of Oxford, British states¬ 
 man, VIII. 464 ; III. 297, 2 c ; XV. 201,1 c. 
 Edward, VIII. 464, 2 ab; III. 297, 2 c. 
 Harlingen [har'-ling-en], town of the Neth¬ 
 erlands, VIII. 464. 
 
 Harlow, George Henry, English painter, VIII. 
 465. 
 
 Harmattan', a wind, VIII. 465; I. 165, 2 ab; 
 
 V. 635, lb; XV. 60, 1 c; XVI. 659, 1 b. 
 Harmer, Thomas, English clergyman, VIII. 
 465. 
 
 Harmo'diits and Aristogi'ton, VIII. 465. 
 Harmonia , in Greek mythology, I. 263, 2 a, b; 
 
 III. 538, 2 c; XII. 118, 1 c. 
 
 HarmonTca, musical instrument, VIII. 465. 
 Harmonics , in music, I. 70, 2 c; XII. 689, 1 c. 
 See Harmony. 
 
 Harmonic series , VIII. 467, 1 a; XV. 178, 1 a. 
 Harmoniphone , musical instrument, XII. 94, 2 b. 
 Harmonists : see Rapp, Georg. 
 
 Harmonium , musical instrument, XIV. 242, 
 2 b, be. 
 
 Harmony, in music, VIII.466. Theoriesof, 1 be. 
 Causes and nature of sound, 2 a; 467, 2 a; 
 468, 1 a, c. Harmonic series, 467,1 a. Dif¬ 
 ference tones, 469, 1 c. Summation tones, 
 
 ib. Relation of the pitch to the time of the 
 residual sensation, 2 ab; 470, 1 a. 
 
 Harmony of the universe , preestablished , Leib¬ 
 nitz’s doctrine of, X. 325, 1 b. 
 
 Harms, Claus, German theologian, VIII. 470. 
 Hamden , William F.: see Express, VII. 40, 
 2 a, b; 41, 1 a. 
 
 Harness, William, English clergyman, VIII. 
 
 470. Lord Byron’s kindness to him, 1 c. 
 Harnett, county, VIII. 470. 
 
 Harnett, Cornelius, American statesman, VIII. 
 470. 
 
 Harod , well of: see Gilboa. 
 
 Harold I. [har'-uld], Harefoot, king of the 
 Anglo-Saxons, VIII. 470. 
 
 Harold II., last Anglo-Saxon king, VIII. 471. 
 
 Battle of Hastings, 2 a: see Hastings. 
 Harold , kings of Norway: see Harald (Index). 
 Haroun al-Rashid [ha-roon' al-rash'-id or -ra- 
 sheed'], caliph, VIII. 471. His friendship for 
 Charlemagne, 472, lb; I. 7, 1 b. His toler¬ 
 ant spirit, V. 527, 2 c. 
 
 Harp, musical instrument, VIII. 472. 
 
 Harp, mollusk, VIII. 472 (ill.). 
 
 Harpa (mollusca), VIII. 472, 2 b. II. ventri- 
 culata (ill.). 
 
 Harpactor cinctus (entomology), XIII. 770, 1 a 
 (ill.). 
 
 Har'pagus , Persian officer, V. 620, 2 c; 621, 
 
 1 a, b. 
 
 Harper, county, VIII. 472. 
 
 Harper , James , paper machine of, XIII. 50,1 c. 
 Harper, Robert Goodloe, American lawyer, 
 VIII. 472. 
 
 Harper and Brothers, American printers and 
 publishers, VIII. 473. 
 
 Harper’s Ferry, town of Virginia, VIII. 473 
 (view, 474). Scene of John Brown’s raid, 
 
 2 c; III. 340, 1 b. 
 
 Harpies, in mythology, VIII. 474. Harpy 
 monument in Lycia, 2 be. 
 
 Harpocrates [har-pok'-ra-teez]: see IIorus. 
 IIarpocration, V alerius [liar-po-kra'-te-on], 
 Greek philologist, VIII. 474. 
 
 Harporhynchus rvfus (ornithology), XV. 729, 
 1 a (ill., 728). 
 
 Harpsichord, musical instrument, VIII. 474; 
 XIII. 488, 1 b. 
 
 Harpur , Sir William , philanthropist, 11.448,1 b. 
 Harpy, in mythology: see Harpies. 
 
 Harpy, bird, VIII. 475 (ill.). 
 
 Har'pyiadestructor (ornithology),VIII. 475, la. 
 Harran , identification of, II. 482, 1 b. 
 Harrier, hound, VIII. 475 (ill.); II. 413, 1 b. 
 
HARRIER 
 
 HARTWELL 
 
 375 
 
 Harrier, hawk, VIII. 475 (ill., 476). 
 
 IIarring, Harro Paul [h&r'-ring], German au¬ 
 thor, YIII. 476. 
 
 Harrington, James, English political writer, 
 VIII. 476. 
 
 Harrington, Sir John : see Harington. 
 Harriot, Thomas, English mathematician, VIII. 
 477; I. 302, 1 b. His discovery of the sun 
 spots, VIII. 477, lb; XV. 471, 2 a. 
 
 Harris, two counties, VIII. 477. 
 
 Harris, James, English philologist, VIII. 477. 
 Harris, John, English clergyman, VIII. 477. 
 Harris, Thaddeus William, American natural¬ 
 ist, VIII. 478. His classification of insects, 
 VI. 662, 2 b. 
 
 Harris, Thomas Lake, communistic reformer, 
 VIII. 478. His investigations in spiritualism, 
 1 c. Founder of the “Brotherhood of the 
 New Life,” 2 b. 
 
 Harris, William, clergyman, VIII. 479. 
 
 Harris , Sir William Snow (English surgeon, 
 1792-1867), his experiments in electricity, 
 X. 465, 1 b. His copper lightning rods, 2 b. 
 Harris, William Torrey, American philosopher, 
 VIII. 479. 
 
 Harrisburg, capital of Pennsylvania, VIII. 
 479 (view, 480). 
 
 Harrisburg , county seat, XIV. 565, 1 c. 
 Harrisburgh, county seat, XIII. 637, 2 b. 
 Harrison, eight counties, VIII. 480. 
 
 Harrison, Benjamin, American statesman, 
 VIII. 481. 
 
 Harrison, John, English mechanician, VIII. 
 481. His invention of the chronometer, 2 c, 
 627, 2 b: see Clocks and Watches, IV. 699, 
 1 c, 703, 2 b. 
 
 Harrison, John, English regicide, VIII. 482. 
 Harrison, William Henry, president of the 
 United States, VIII. 482. Governor of In¬ 
 diana territory, 1 be. Battle of Tippecanoe, 
 
 1 c; IX. 239, 2 ab. U. S. senator from Ohio, 
 VIII. 482, 2 a. Candidate for the presidency, 
 
 2 b. Denominated and elected, 2 c. His 
 sudden death, 483, 1 a. 
 
 Harrisonburg , county seats, IV: 96, 2 b; XIV. 
 368, 2 c. 
 
 Harrisonville , county seat, IV. 59, 2 a. 
 Harrisville , county seat, XIV. 347, 1 be. 
 Harrod , Capt. James , referred to, VIII. 483, 1 c. 
 Haerodsburg, town of Kentucky, VIII. 483. 
 
 Daughters’ college, 1 b. 
 
 Harrogate, English watering place, VIII. 483. 
 Harrow, or Harrow-on-the-Hill, village of 
 England, VIII. 483. Harrow school, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Harrowgate : see Harrogate. 
 
 Harry Long-legs , insect, VI. 129, 1 c. 
 
 Hart: see Stag, XV. 302, 1 be. 
 
 Hart, two counties, VIII. 483. 
 
 Hart ) county seat, XII. 573, 1 b. 
 
 Hart, James McDougal, American painter, 
 VIII. 483. 
 
 Hart, Joel T., sculptor, VIII. 484. (Died 1877.) 
 Hart, John, a signer of the Declaration of In¬ 
 dependence, VIII. 484. 
 
 Hart, John Seely, American author, VIII. 
 
 484. (Died 1877.) 
 
 Hart, Solomon Alexander, English painter, 
 VIII. 484. 
 
 Hart, William, American painter, VIII. 484. 
 Harte , Emma: see Hamilton, VIII. 421, 2 b. 
 Harte, Francis Bret, American author, VIII-, 
 
 485. 
 
 Harte, Walter, English author, VIII. 485. 
 IIartebeest [har'-teh-baist]: see Antelope, 
 1. 546, 1 c. 
 
 Hartford, county, VIII. 485. 
 
 Hartford, capital of Connecticut, VIII. 485. 
 New state house, 486, 1 c (ill.). History, 
 488, 2 c. 
 
 Hartford , county seats, II. 678, 2 c; XII. 603, 
 1 ab. 
 
 Hartford Convention, VIII. 489. Its effect 
 on the federal party, 490, 2 a. 
 
 Hartingau [har'-tin-gow], district, II. 695, 2 a. 
 Hartlepool, town of England, VIII. 490. 
 
 West, 2 ab. The Ilartlepools, 2 c. 
 
 Hartley, David, English philosopher, VIII. 
 490; XIII. 445, 2 a. On dreaming, VI. 255, 
 
 1 a.—David, his son, VIII. 491,1 b ; opposed 
 to war on the American colonies, ib .; promo¬ 
 ter of the abolition of the slave trade, ib. 
 
 Hartley and Maucli , discoverers of gold fields 
 in South Africa, VIII. 75, 2 ab. 
 
 Hartmann, Eduard von, German philosopher, 
 VIII. 491; XI. 814, 1 a; XIII. 443, 2 b. 
 Hartmann, Moritz, German poet, VIII. 491. 
 Hartshorn, Spirits of: see Ammonia, I. 427, 
 
 2 b. Burnt hartshorn, for cleansing jewelry, 
 III. 62, 1 a. 
 
 Hartsoeker, Nicolaas [hart'-soo-ker], Dutch 
 philosopher, VIII. 491. 
 
 Hart's tongue , fern, VII. 150, 2 a (ilk). 
 Hartsville, town of Indiana, VIII. 492. 
 Hartsville , county seat, XVI. 8, 1 a. 
 
 Hartt , Prof. G. F., oldest fossil insects dis¬ 
 covered by, IX. 314, 2 a. 
 
 Hartville , county seat, XVI. 736, 2 b. 
 Hartwell , county seat, VIII. 483, 2 be. 
 
376 
 
 HARTWICK 
 
 HATCHING 
 
 Hartwick, town of New York, VIII. 492. 
 
 Hartwick seminary, 1 c. 
 
 Haktz, mountain range of Germany, VIII. 492. 
 The Brocken, 2 be (ill.). Rosstrappe, 2 c. 
 Rammelsberg, ib. School of mines, 493, 1 c. 
 Haetzexbtjscii, JuanEugenio^art'-sen-boosh], 
 Spanish author, VIII. 493. 
 
 Haruja [ha-roo'-ya], wart hog, XVI. 465, 2 c. 
 Haevakd, John, clergyman, founder of Har¬ 
 vard college, VIII. 494. 
 
 Harvaed University, VIII. 494. History, 
 
 1 c. List of presidents, 495, 1 a. External 
 administration, 1 b ; internal, 2 b. Univer¬ 
 sity buildings, 1 c, ff. (ills.). Courses of 
 study in the college, 2 c. Undergraduates’ 
 expenses and benefits, 498, 1 b. Divinity 
 school, 1 c. Law school, 2 a. Lawrence 
 scientific school, 2 b. School of mining, 2 c. 
 Medical school, 499, 1 a. School of agricul¬ 
 ture and horticulture, 2 a. Museum of com¬ 
 parative zoology, 2 ab. Anderson school of 
 natural history, 2 b. Peabody museum, ib. 
 Degrees, 2 c. Fellowships, 500, 1 c. Li¬ 
 braries, 2 a. Officers of instruction, 2 b ; 
 number of students, ib. 
 
 Harvest Fly, VIII. 501. Seventeen years 
 locust, 2 a (ill.). , European harvest flies, 
 
 502, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Harvey, county, VIII. 503. 
 
 Harvey, Sir George,painter, VIII.503. (D.1876.) 
 Harvey, William, English physician, VIII. 
 
 503. His discovery of the circulation of the 
 blood, 1 c; IV. 607, 1 b; I. 460, 2 a; VII. 
 53, 1 be. His experiment on induration 
 and contraction, VIII. 559, 1 a. On the 
 identity of generation in oviparous and vivip¬ 
 arous animals, VI. 561, 1 a. 
 
 Harvey, William, English engraver and de¬ 
 signer, VIII. 504. 
 
 Harvey archipelago , V. 301, 1 c. 
 
 Harwich [har'-ij], England, VIII. 504. 
 Harwood, Edward, English author, VIII. 504. 
 Hasa [h&'-sa], province of Nedjed, XII. 207, 2 b. 
 Hasbany [has-ba'-ne], river, IX. 683, 1 c. 
 IIas'drubal, name of several Carthaginian 
 commanders, VIII. 504. Son-in-law of 
 Ham dear Barca, 2 b. Son of Ilamilcar, 
 
 2 be: see Claudius Nero. Son of Gisco, 
 
 ' 2 c; XIV. 694, 1 ab, b. Commander 
 
 against Masinissa, and in the third Punic 
 war, VIII. 505, 1 a. 
 
 JIasdrubal , writer: see Clitomachus. 
 
 Hase, Karl August [ha'-zSh], German theolo¬ 
 gian, VIII. 505. 
 
 Hasenclevee, Peter [ha'-zen-kla-ver], German 
 manufacturer, VIII. 505. Johann Peter, 
 painter, 2 a. 
 
 Hasenclever furnace , XVI. 821, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Hasenpflug, Karl Georg Adolf [ha'-zen-pfloog], 
 German painter, VIII. 505. 
 
 Hashashin , hashish eaters, II. 24, 2 c. 
 
 IlAsnisn [hash-eesh']: see Hemp, VIII. 633, 
 1 ab. Its intoxicating effects, II. 24, 2 c; 
 allusion to, I. 453, 2 a. 
 
 'JIasidim , Jewish pietists, VIII. 597, 2 a. 
 
 Haskell, county, VIII. 505. 
 
 Haslam, John, British physician, VIII. 505. 
 
 Haslingden, town of England, VIII. 505. 
 
 Hasmoneans: see Asmoneans. 
 
 Hassall , Dr. (Arthur Hill, born 1817), on adul¬ 
 teration of food, I. 133, 1 a; on bone, II. 
 59, 1 be; on cartilage cells, IV. 42, 1 a, 2 b. 
 
 Hassan ', son of the caliph Ali, III. 617, 1 a. 
 
 Hassan ben Sabah , founder of the Assassins, 
 II. 24, 2 b, ff. 
 
 Hassar , fish, nest of, VII. 239, 2 a. 
 
 Hasse, Friedrich Christian August [has'-seh], 
 German historian, VIII. 506. Friedrich Ru¬ 
 dolf, theologian, 1 a. Karl Ewald, physiolo¬ 
 gist, 1 b. 
 
 Hasse, Johann Adolf, composer, VIII. 506. 
 
 IIasselquist, Fredrik, Swedish naturalist,VIIL 
 506. 
 
 Hasselt, town of Belgium, VIII. 506. 
 
 Hastie , British agent in Madagascar, X. 813, 2 c. 
 
 Hasting, or Hastings, Scandinavian viking, 
 VIIL 506. 
 
 Hastings, borough of England, VIIL 507. 
 Battle of, 1 c. Battle abbey, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Hastings, county, VIII. 507. 
 
 Hastings, city of Minnesota, VIII. 507. 
 
 Hastings , county seats, II. 341, 2 c ; V. 641,1 c. 
 
 Hastings, Francis Rawdon Hastings, marquis 
 of, English soldier, VIIL 507. 
 
 Hastings, Warren, governor general of British 
 India, VIIL 508. His impeachment, 2 c. 
 
 Hat, VIIL 509. Ancient head coverings, 2 a; 
 modern, 2 be. Felted hats, 510, 1 be ; prep¬ 
 aration of furs, 2 a ; forming the hat body, 
 511, 1 be; concluding processes, 2 c. Silk 
 hats, 512, 1 be. Straw hats: see Straw. 
 
 Hatchel, XIV. 424, 1 c. 
 
 Hatchelling of fax, VII. 265, 1 b. 
 
 Hatchet , II. 165, 1 a. Hatchet of the stone 
 age, VII. 195, 2 c. 
 
 Hatchettine [hach'-et-tin], mineral tallow, XVI. 
 516, 1 c. 
 
 Hatching , artificial , IV. 782, 1 c. 
 
HATFIELD 
 
 HAWK 
 
 377 
 
 Hatfield , lunacy case of, X. 717, 2 ab. 
 
 Hatfield Chase , levels of, II. 778, 2 a. 
 
 Hathaway , : see Shakespeare, XIV. 
 
 813, 1 c. 
 
 Hathor , in Egyptian mythology, XII. 116, 2 b. 
 
 IIatras', town of India, VIII. 512. 
 
 “Hats,” Swedish faction, VIII. 339, 2 a. 
 
 Hatteras : see Cape Hatteras. 
 
 Hatti-humayun [hat'-te-hoo-ma-yoon'J: see 
 HATTi-SnERiF, VIII. 513, 1 ab. Of 1856, 
 id. ; I. 2, 1 c, 16, 2 c; XVI. 60, 1 a. 
 
 IlATxi-SnERiF [-sha-reef], Turkish imperial or¬ 
 dinance, VIII. 513. Of Gulhane, 1 ab; I. 
 16, 2 c; XIV. 276, 2 a. 
 
 Hatto , archbishop of Mentz, gnawed to death 
 by mice, II. 645, 1 a. 
 
 Hatton , favorite of QueenElizabeth,VI. 533,1 c. 
 
 HAuen, Johannes Carsten von [how k h], Danish 
 poet, VIII. 513. 
 
 Haug, Martin [how k h], German orientalist, 
 VIII. 513. 
 
 IlAUGnTON, William [haw'-tun], English drama¬ 
 tist, VIII. 513. 
 
 Haitksbee, Francis, English natural philoso¬ 
 pher, VIII. 513. 
 
 IIaupt, Moritz [howpt], German philologist, 
 VIII. 513. 
 
 Hauptmann, Moritz, composer, VIII. 514. 
 
 Haureau, Jean Barthelemy [o-ra-o], French 
 author, VIII. 514. 
 
 Hauser, Kaspar [how'-zer], mysterious Ger¬ 
 man lad, VIII. 514. 
 
 Haussa [hows'-sa]: see Houssa. Dialect of, I. 
 171, 2 a. ’ 
 
 Hausser, Ludwig [hois'-ser], German historian, 
 VIII. 515. 
 
 Haussiers [o-se-a], French brokers, XV. 388, 2 c. 
 
 Haussmann, Georges Eugene [oce-man; Ger. 
 house'-man], French politician, VIII. 515. 
 Public works in Paris, 2 b. 
 
 Hautboy [ho'-boi], musical instrument, VIII. 
 515. 
 
 IIaute-Garonne [ote-ga-rim], department of 
 France, VIII. 516. 
 
 Haute-Loire [ote-lwar], VIII. 516. 
 
 Haute-Marne [ote-marn], VIII. 516. 
 
 Hautes-Alpes [ote-s&lp], VIII. 516. 
 
 IIaute-Saone [ote-sone], VIII. 516. 
 
 Haute-Savoie [ote-sa-vwa], VIII. 516. 
 
 Hautes-Pyren£;es [ote-pe-ra-na], VIII. 517. 
 
 Hauteurs des Torres [o-tuhr da tair], group of 
 sand hills in Minnesota, XL 603, 2 a. 
 
 nAUTE-ViENNE [ote-vydn], VIII. 517. 
 
 tlAUT-PatuT [o-ra ne ], VIII. 517. 
 
 IIauy, Rend Just [a-we], French mineralogist, 
 VIII. 517. His discovery of the geometrical 
 law of crystallization, 2 ab. His goniometer, 
 98, 2 b; XL 589, 1 c.—Valentin, instructor 
 of the blind, VIII. 518, la; II. 715, 2 a. 
 IIavan'a, capital of Cuba, VIII. 518 (view). De» 
 scription, 2 a. Climate, 519, 2 c. Harbor, 
 520,1 ab. Commerce, 1 c. History, 521,1 a. 
 Havana , county seats, XI. 240, la; XIV. 688,1 b. 
 Havel [ha'-vel], river of Germany, VIII. 521. 
 Hav'elock, Sir Henry, British soldier, VIII. 
 521. Sepoy mutiny, 522, 1 ab. Nana Sahib, 
 
 1 b. Siege of Lucknow, 1 c; X. 707, 1 c. 
 Referred to, IV. 158, 2 c; II. 669, 1 c. 
 
 Ha'ven, Alice Bradley (“ Cousin Alice ”), 
 American authoress, VIII. 522. 
 
 Haven, Erastus Otis, clergyman, president of 
 the university of Michigan, VIII. 522. 
 Haven, Gilbert, bishop, VIII. 523. 
 
 PIaven, Joseph, clergyman, VIII. 523. 
 Hav'erford College, Pennsylvania, VIII. 528. 
 Haverfordwest, town of England, VIII. 523. 
 Haverhill [hav'-er-il], city of Massachusetts, 
 VIII. 523. Capture of Mrs. Plannali Dustin 
 by the Indians, 524, 2 a. 
 
 Haverhill , county seat, VIII. 142, 1 a. 
 
 Hav'ers , Clopton , English anatomist, referred 
 to, III. 58, 2 c. (“ Osteologia Nova,” 1691.) 
 Haversian canals , in bone, III. 58, 2c; 59,1 a, c. 
 Hav'erstraw, town of New York, VIII. 524. 
 Haverstraw day , on the Hudson, IX. 30, 1 b. 
 Ilavilah , county seat, IX. 810, 2 c. 
 
 Havildar: see Sepoy, XIV. 770, 2 be. 
 
 Havre [ha'-ver], (Fr. Le Havre , lull avr’), sea¬ 
 port of France, VIII. 524 (view). 
 
 Havre de Grace: see Havre, VIII. 525, 1 c. 
 Havre de Grace [liav'-er de grass], town of 
 Maryland, VIII. 525. 
 
 Haw: see TnoRN, XV. 722, 1 c. 
 
 Hawaii [ha-wl'-e], island, VIII. 525, 2 be. 
 Hawaiian Islands [ha-wi'-yan], VIII. 525. 
 Description, 2 b. Harbors, 526, 1 c. Cli¬ 
 mate, id. Fauna and flora, 2 ab. Commerce, 
 
 2 c. Government, 527, 1 b. Language, 2 b. 
 IPawaiians, 2 c; decrease of, 528,1 a. Edu¬ 
 cation, 1 c. Christian missions, 2 ab. His¬ 
 tory, 2 c. 
 
 Hawes, Joel, American clergyman, VIII. 529. 
 Hawesville , county seat, VIII. 434, 2 a. 
 Hawfinch, bird, VIII. 529 (ill.). 
 
 Haw'ick, town of Scotland, VIII. 529. 
 
 Hawk, bird, VIII. 530. Cooper’s hawk, 1 b 
 (ill.). Sharp-shinned hawk, 1 c (ill.), flen 
 hawk, 475, 2 c; so-styled, III. 506, 1 be. 
 
378 
 
 HAWKE 
 
 HEAD FISH 
 
 Duck hawk, VII. 68, 1 a. Red-tailed, III. 
 
 506, 1 ab. Winter hawk, 1 c. Broad¬ 
 winged, ib. Rough-legged, 2 be. Black, 
 
 507, 1 a (ill., 506). 
 
 Hawke, Edward, baron, admiral, VIII. 530. 
 IIawkeswokth, John, English author, VIII. 
 531. 
 
 Hawking: see Falconry. Vocabulary of, 
 
 VII. 70, 2 c. 
 
 Hawkins, county, VIII. 531. 
 
 Hawkins, Benjamin Waterhouse, English artist, 
 
 VIII. 531. 
 
 Hawkins, Sir John, navigator, VIII. 531. 
 Hawkins, Sir John, author, VIII. 532. 
 Hawkinsville , county seat, XIV. 78, 1 a. 
 
 Hawk Moth, VIII. 532 (ills.). 
 
 Hawks, Francis Lister, American clergyman 
 and author, VIII. 533. 
 
 Hawksbee , Francis : see IIauksbee. 
 
 Hawk’s Bill: see Turtle, XVI. 80, 2 be (ill.). 
 Hawkshaw , Sir John , English engineer, III. 688, 
 2 a; XVI. 39, 1 c, 2 b. 
 
 Hawksmoor, Nicholas, architect, VIII. 534. 
 Hawk tenure , a kind of fief, VII. 70, 2 c. 
 IIawkwood, Sir John, military adventurer, 
 VIII. 534; IV. 662, 1 a; VII. 56, 2 b. 
 Hawley, Gideon, American missionary, VIII. 
 534. 
 
 Hawley, Joseph, American revolutionist, VIII. 
 
 534. Relation to Jonathan Edwards, 2 c. 
 Hawthorn : see Thorn, XV. 722, 1 c (ill.). 
 Hawthorne, Nathaniel, American author, 
 VIII. 535; XVI. 196, 1 ab. Old manse, 
 VIII. 535, 2 c (ill.). Sophia Peabody, au¬ 
 thoress, 537, 1 a. Julian, author, 1 b. 
 IlAXTnAusEN, Franz Ludwig Marie August, 
 baron [haxt'-how-zen], author, VIII. 537. 
 Hay, John, American author, VIII. 537. 
 
 Hay asthma: see Hay Cold. 
 
 Hay Cold, VIII. 537. 
 
 Hayden, Ferdinand Vandeveer, American ge¬ 
 ologist, VIII. 538. 
 
 Haydn, Joseph [hid’n], German composer, 
 VIII. 538; XII. 90, 2 be. His works, VIII. 
 541, 2 be; 542, 1 a-bc, 2 a. His opinion of 
 Mozart, XII. 24, 2 a.—Michael, composer, 
 VIII. 543, 1 ab. 
 
 IIaydon, Benjamin Robert, English painter, 
 VIII. 543. 
 
 Hayduks [hl'-dooks], militia in Hungary, VIII. 
 
 544. Name of court lacqueys, 1 b. 
 
 Hayduk towns , district in Transylvania, VIII. 
 544, 1 ab. 
 
 Hayel [ha'-yel], city of Arabia, VIII. 544. 
 
 Hayes, Augustus Allen, American chemist 
 VIII. 544. 
 
 Hayes, Isaac Israel, American explorer, VIII. 
 
 545 ; I. 676, 2 c, 679, 1 b. 
 
 Hay fever : see Hay Cold. 
 
 IIayley, William, English author, VIII. 545. 
 IIaym, Rudolf [hime], German author,VIII. 545. 
 Haymarket , London, X. 595, 1 be. 
 
 IIaynau, Julius Jakob von [hi'-now], Austrian 
 soldier, VIII. 546. His bombardment of 
 Brescia, III. 252, 1 b. 
 
 Hayne, Isaac, American revolutionary officer, 
 VIII. 546. 
 
 Hayne, Paul Hamilton, poet, VIII. 547. 
 Hayne, Robert Young, statesman, VIII. 547. 
 Haynes, John, governor of Massachusetts and 
 of Connecticut, VIII. 547. First written 
 constitution in America, 2 c. 
 
 IIaynes, Lemuel, American clergyman, VIII. 
 
 547. Impromptu sermon in reply to a Uni- 
 versalist preacher, 548, 1 a. 
 
 Haynemlle , county seat, X. 695, 1 c. 
 
 Hays, county, VIII. 548. 
 
 Hays, William Jacob, American artist, VIII 
 
 548. 
 
 Haysrille , county seat, IV. 650, 2 b. 
 
 IIayti [ha'-te], West Indian island, VIII. 54& 
 Republic, 549, 2 be. History, 551, 1 ab. 
 Hayward, Abraham, English writer, VIII. 553. 
 Haywood, two counties, VIII. 553. 
 
 Hazard , in billiards, II. 642, 2 b. 
 
 Hazard , county seat, XIII. 311, 2 a. 
 
 Hazard, Rowland Gibson, American manufac¬ 
 turer and author, VIII. 553. His rescue of 
 free negroes at New Orleans, 2 b. 
 
 Hazard , Desire [a-zarj, pseudonyme, VII. 163, 
 1 be. 
 
 Hazardville, Conn.: see Enfield. 
 Hazebrouck [az-brook], town of France, VIII. 
 553. 
 
 Hazel, VIII. 554. Flowers, 1 b (ill.); leaves 
 and fruit (ill.); nut, 2 c. 
 
 Hazleton, borough of Pennsylvania, VIII. 555. 
 IIazlitt, William, English author, VIII. 555. 
 
 William (2d), 2 a. William Carew, 2 b. 
 Hazzaken: see Gerson ben Judah, VII. 777, 
 1 c; IIillel, VIII. 728, 1 a. 
 
 He'a, Accadian god, XII. 117, 1 be, c. 
 
 Head, Sir George, English author, VIII. 555. 
 
 Sir Francis Bond, 2 c (died 1875). 
 u JIead act ,” of Edward IV. (in Ireland), IX. 
 357, 2 be. 
 
 Header , for clover, XII. 16, 1 a. 
 
 Head fish : see Sun Fish, XV. 481, 1 b. 
 
HEAD -HUNTING 
 
 HEBREWS 
 
 379 
 
 Head-hunting : see IIaraforas, VIII. 450.1 b; 
 
 Borneo, III. 105, 1 a. 
 
 Heading: see Tunnel, XVI. 32, 1 b. 
 
 Headings , of ore, XI. 422, 1 b. 
 
 IIeadley, Joel Tyler, American author, VIII. 
 556. 
 
 Head strap, in a ship, XIV. 862, 1 a. 
 
 Head work, in pugilism, XIV. 76, 2 be. 
 
 Healds , in a loom, XVI. 523, 1 b. 
 
 Health , as related to education, VI. 415, 1 be. 
 Healy, George Peter Alexander, American 
 painter, VIII. 556. Mary, novelist, 2 ab. 
 Heard, county, VIII. 556. 
 
 Hearing : see Acoustics, and Ear. 
 
 Hearne, Samuel, English explorer, VIII. 556. 
 Hearne, Thomas, English antiquary, VIII. 556. 
 Heart, VIII. 557. Eorm and relations of the 
 human heart, 1 ab (ill.). Muscular fibres, 
 2 a (ill.). Valves, 558, 1 a (ill., horizontal 
 section). Action, 2 ab. Synchronous con¬ 
 traction and induration, 2 c. Sounds, 559, 
 
 1 c. Pulsations, 2 ab. The heart in inferior 
 animals, 560, 2 b. 
 
 Heart, Diseases of the, VIII. 560. Inflamma¬ 
 tory affections: pericarditis, 2 be; endocar¬ 
 ditis, 561, 2 b; carditis, or myocarditis, 562, 
 
 2 a. Organic diseases: valvular lesions, 2 b ; 
 enlargement, 563, 2 a; hypertrophy, 2 ab; 
 dilatation, ib. ; atrophy, 565, 1 a; fatty de¬ 
 generation, 1 b; miscellaneous lesions, 2 a. 
 Functional disorder, 2 c; palpitation, ib. 
 Graves’s disease, 566, 2 a. 
 
 Heart of Mid-Lothian, prison, VI. 408, 1 a. 
 Heart’s Content, seaport of Newfoundland, 
 VIII. 566. 
 
 Heartsease, plant, XVI. 363, 1 a. 
 
 Heart wood, XIII. 580, 1 b. 
 
 Heat, VIII. 567. Nature of heat, 1 a. Sources, 
 568, 1 c. General effects, 2 b. Radiant 
 heat, 569, 1 c (ills., 569-571); laws of,'2 c. 
 Reflection, 571, 2 a (ills.). Conduction, 572, 
 
 1 a (ills., 572, 573). Specific heat, 573, 1 c; 
 methods for determining, 2 b (ills., calo¬ 
 rimeters, 573, 574). Specific heat of solids, 
 574, 2 c; of liquids, 575, 1 c (ill.) ; of gases, 
 
 2 c ; of atoms, 576, 1 b. Latent heat, 2 be; 
 of fusion, 2 c; of vaporization, 577, 1 be 
 (ill.). Faraday’s method of liquefying gas¬ 
 es, 578, 1 a (ill., 577); Thilorier’s apparatus 
 for liquefying carbonic acid, 1 ab (ill.).— 
 Heat as a chemical agent, I. 158, 2 c. Me¬ 
 chanical theory of: see Mayer, Julius Rob¬ 
 ert. Its relation to mechanical power, IX. 
 692, 2 b. Theory of heat as a mode of motion, 
 
 VIII. 568, 1 a; XVI. 91, 1 be. Latent heat 
 of steam, XV. 326, 2 c, 328, 2 a. Method of 
 producing the most intense heat, III. 471, 
 2 c. Sources of heat in the atmosphere, XI. 
 433, 1 b; in various substances, V. 378,1 a; 
 Joule’s mechanical equivalent of, 2 b. Sir 
 William Thomson’s computation of solar 
 heat, 379, 2 c. Discovery of heat in lunar 
 light: seeMELLONi; measurement of, II. 666, 
 2 b. Identity of heat and light, VIII. 569, 
 2 ab. Polarization of heat, X. 452, 2 b. 
 
 Heatii, plant, VIII. 579. Common, 580, 1 a 
 (ill.); Scotch, 2 b (ill.). Cape heaths, 2 c. 
 
 Heatii, William, American revolutionary gen¬ 
 eral, VIII. 580. 
 
 Heathcote's steam plough, XIII. 616, 2 b. 
 
 Heather: see Heath. 
 
 Heatiifield, Lord: see Eliott, George Au¬ 
 gustus. 
 
 Heath hen: see Grouse, VIII. 271, 2 c. 
 
 Heathsville, county seat, XII. 499, 2 c. 
 
 Heavy spar, II. 312, 2 c; XV. 453, 2 c. 
 
 Hebbel, Friedrich, German poet, VIII. 581. 
 
 Hebdomadal council , in Oxford university, XII. 
 762, 2 ab. 
 
 He'be, in mythology, VIII. 581. 
 
 Hebel, Johann Peter [ha'-bel], German poet, 
 VIII. 581. 
 
 Heber, county seat, XVI. 420, 1 c. 
 
 IIeber, Reginald, English bishop, VIII. 581. 
 Richard, bibliomaniac, 2 c. 
 
 Hebert, Antoine Auguste Ernest [a-bair], 
 French artist, VIII. 582. 
 
 Hebert, Jacques Rene, revolutionist, VIII. 582. 
 
 Hebertists, political party: see France, VII. 
 389, 1 b, and Hebert, Jacques Rene. 
 
 Hebradendron cambogioides (botany), VII. 607, 
 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Hebrew Bible , first printed, II. 610, 2 b. Bom- 
 berg editions, 2 b-c; subsequent editions, 
 611, 1 a-c. 
 
 Hebrews, VIII. 582. Their condition in 
 Egypt, 583, 1 b; VI. 458, 1 a: see Exodus, 
 VII. 29, 2 a. Deliverance from it, VIII. 
 583, 2 b. The Mosaic law, 2 c; form of 
 government, 584,1 b, c. Entrance into Ca¬ 
 naan, 2 b. Period of the judges, 585, 1 ab ; 
 of the kings, 586, 1 b. Revolt of the ten 
 tribes, 587, 1 c. Relations of the two king¬ 
 doms, 2 a. Babylonish captivity, 589, 2 c. 
 Return of the Jews, 590, 1 c. Under Gre¬ 
 cian sway, 591, 1 b. Asmoneans, 592, 1 ab ; 
 Asmonean period, 593, 2 b. Roman rule, 
 
 1 a. Herod the Great, 1 b. Siege and cap- 
 
380 
 
 HEBREWS 
 
 HEINICKE 
 
 ture of Jerusalem, 594, 1 c. Dispersion, 
 2 b. Jewish schools and rabbis and literary 
 works, 2 c. Treatment of by Christian gov¬ 
 ernments, 596, 2 b, If., censured by Pope 
 Alexander II., I. 279, 1 c; mild treatment 
 
 „ of by Pope Martin V., XI. 208, 2 be. Jews 
 of Berlin, their culture and social position, 
 II. 566, 1 b. Bill for the naturalization of 
 Jews in England (1753), passed and repealed, 
 
 VII. 706, 1 c. Removal of their disabilities 
 referred to (1858), XIV. 447, 2 be. Recent 
 history, VIII. 598, 1 b. Hebrew language, 
 2 c. Written characters, 599, 1 c. Illus¬ 
 trations of the language, ib. 
 
 Hebrews, Epistle to the, VIII. 599. 
 
 Hebrews , Gospel of the: see Ebionites, VI. 
 383, 2 c. 
 
 Hebrides [heb'-re-deez], islands of Scotland, 
 
 VIII. 600. 
 
 IIe'bron, city of Palestine, VIII. 601 (view). 
 
 Hebron , county seat, XV. 684, 2 c. 
 
 IIebrtjs, river : see Maritza. 
 
 Hebu'des : see Hebrides. 
 
 IIecat^e'us, Greek historian and geographer, 
 VIII. 601. 
 
 Hecate [hek'-a-te, hek'-at], mythical,VIII. 601. 
 
 IIecker, Friedrich Karl Franz, German poli¬ 
 tician, VIII. 601. 
 
 IIecker, Isaac Thomas, American clergyman 
 and author, VIII. 602. 
 
 Heck'ewelder, John, Moravian missionary, 
 VIII. 602. 
 
 Hecla, volcano of Iceland, VIII. 602 (ill.). 
 
 Hectare [ek-tair], measure of land, I. 72, 2 c. 
 
 Hectocot'ylus: see Nautilus, XII. 177, 2 b, and 
 IV. 207, 1 c. 
 
 Hector, Trojan hero, VIII. 603. 
 
 Hector , ironclad, IX. 383, 1 a; 386, 1 ab (ill.). 
 
 IIec'uba, wife of Priam, VIII. 603. 
 
 Hedding, Elijah, American bishop, VIII. 603. 
 
 Heddles , in a loom, XVI. 523, 1 c. 
 
 Hedeo'ma (botany), XIII. 272, 1 a. H. pule- 
 gioides, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Hed'era (botany), IX. 476, 1 c. H. helix, ib. 
 (ill.). H. Canariense, 477, 1 c. 
 
 Hedge, VIII. 604. Hedge plants, 1 c. 
 
 Hedge, Frederick Henry, American clergyman, 
 VIII. 605. 
 
 Hedge , Levi, on logic, X. 582, 1 c. 
 
 Hedgehog, VIII. 605 (ill.). Long-eared hedge¬ 
 hog, 606,1 ab. See XIII. 716, 2 b, 718, 2 a. 
 
 Hedjaz, Turkish dependency in Arabia, VIII. 
 606; I. 617, 2 b. 
 
 Hedonism and cynicism , XIII. 603, 2 a. 
 
 % 
 
 Hedui: see ^Edui. 
 
 Hedwigskirche [hed'-viks-keer-Tibh], church in 
 Berlin, II. 564, 1 be (ill.). 
 
 Heel , epidermis of the, VI. 682, 2 ab. 
 
 Heemskerk [haimee'-kairk]: see Hemskeek. 
 
 IIeer, Oswald [hair], Swiss naturalist, VIII. 606. 
 
 Heeren, Arnold Hermann Ludwig [ha'-ren], 
 German historian, VIII. 607. 
 
 Hefele, Karl Joseph von [ha'-feh-leh], German 
 historian, VIII. 607. 
 
 Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich [ha'-gliel], 
 German philosopher, VIII. 607. His re¬ 
 ligious views, 608, 1 a, 2 ab. Philosophical 
 views, 1 be, 609-611, 1 be. See Moral 
 Philosophy, XI. 813, 2 a, and Philosophy, 
 XIII. 430, 1 ab, 431, 2 b, 442, 2 a. His logic, 
 VIII. 609, 1 c-610, 1 a; X. 580, 2 c, 583, 
 1 be. His influence on the various depart¬ 
 ments of philosophy, VIII. 611, 2 a. Re¬ 
 ligious tendency of his school, 2 c. 
 
 Hegemony [hej'-J, leadership, XIII. 454, 2 a. 
 
 IIegi'ra, in chronology, VIII. 612; IV. 557, 2 c. 
 
 Heiberg, Johann Ludwig [hl'-bairg], Danish 
 author, VIII. 613. 
 
 Heidelberg [hi'-del-bairg], city of Baden, VIII. 
 613 (view). University, 2 a. Heidelberg 
 tun, 2 c. 
 
 Heidelberg Catechism , XIV. 257, 1 a; 259, 2 b. 
 Incorporated into the state law in the Pa¬ 
 latinate, V. 534, 2 c. 
 
 Heidenheim [hi'-den-hime], town of Wurtem- 
 berg, VIII. 614. 
 
 Heidenmauer [lri'-den-mow-er], ancient ram¬ 
 part in Bavaria, VI. 331, 1 c. 
 
 Heights, Measurement of: see Barometrical 
 Measurement. 
 
 Heilbronn [liile'-brun], town of Wurtemberg, 
 VIII. 614. 
 
 Heilige Ham [lii'-le-ghbh dam], VI. 164, 1 c. 
 
 IIeiligenstadt [hi'-le-ghen-stat], town of Prus¬ 
 sia, VIII. 614. 
 
 IIeim, Francois Joseph [a ng ], French painter, 
 VIII. 614. 
 
 Heimdalr [hime'-dalr’], in Norse mythology, 
 XII. 120, 1 b. 
 
 Heimskrinqla , ancient Norwegian chronicle, 
 XV. 134, 1 b. 
 
 Heine, Heinrich [hi'-n&h], German poet and 
 critic, VIII. 614. 
 
 IIeineccius, Johann Gottlieb [hi-nek'-tse-ooe], 
 German jurist, VIII. 615. 
 
 IIeinecken, Christian Heinrich [hi'-nek-ken], 
 precocious child, VIII. 615. 
 
 Heinicke, Samuel [hl'-nik-keh], German edu- 
 
nEIXSE 
 
 HELMHOLTZ 
 
 381 
 
 cator, VIII. 615. His instruction of the 
 deaf and dumb, V. 732, 2 c. 
 
 Heinse, Johann Jakob Wilhelm [hine'-zSh], 
 German author, VIII. 616. 
 
 IIeinsius, Antonius [liine'-se-us], grand pen¬ 
 sionary of Holland, VIII. 616. 
 
 Heinsius, Daniel, Dutch philologist, VIII. 616. 
 Nicolaas, poet, 2 be. 
 
 Heinz, Matthias [hints], architect, II. 570, 2 c. 
 Heir, in law, VIII. 616. See Fee. 
 Helcatomphonia , a sacrifice, I. 705, 1 a. 
 
 Hel, in Horse mythology, XII. 120, 1 a. 
 Helarctos (zoology), II. 419, 2 c. H. euryspi- 
 lus, ib. H. Malayanus, ib. (ill., 420). 
 Helder, The, seaport of Holland, VIII. 617. 
 Helderberg mountains , XII. 355, 1 c; 356, 2 a. 
 Helen, in Greek legend, VIII. 617. 
 
 Hele'na, town of Arkansas, VIII. 617. Bat¬ 
 tle, 2 be. 
 
 Helena, town of Montana, VIII. 617. 
 
 Helena , county seat, IX. 769, 1 b. 
 
 Helena, Saint, island: see Saint Helena. 
 Hel'ena, Saint, mother of Constantine, VIII. 
 618. Finding of the cross, V. 513, 2 a. 
 Helena’s church, Jerusalem, IX. 617, 2 a. 
 Helenine [hel'-e-nin], vegetable principle, VI. 
 497, 2 c. 
 
 Helgoland: see Heligoland. 
 
 Heli'adcB, Heliades , in Greek fable, VI. 710, 2c; 
 XIII. 378, 2 c. 
 
 Heliam'phora nu'tans (botany), XIII. 549, 1 b 
 (ill.). 
 
 Heliand [ha'-le-and], old Saxon poem, XIV. 
 657, 2 be. 
 
 Helian'thus : see Sunflower, XV. 481, 1 c. 
 H. annuus, 2 a. H. multiflorus, 2 c (ill.). 
 Other species, 482, 1 a. H. tuberosus, I. 
 782, 1 be (ill.). 
 
 Heliastic courts , in Athens, II. 55, 2 b. 
 Helichry'sum (botany), IX. 196, 1 c. H. ori¬ 
 ental, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Helicidoe [he-lis'-e-de], (mollusca), XV. 128, 2 c. 
 Heliconii , S. American butterflies, III. 226,1 ab. 
 Hel'icon, mountain range, VIII. 618. 
 Heligoland, island, VIII. 618 (view). 
 Heliodo'rus, Greek romance writer, VIII. 619. 
 Heliodorus, Syrian general, X. 772, 1 b. 
 IIeliogabalus : see Elagabalus. 
 
 Heliog'raphy, process of, XII. 440, 1 c, 2 b. 
 Heliom'eter, VIII. 619; XII. 566, 1 be; XV. 
 630, 2 b. 
 
 Heliophy'tum In'dicum (botany), VIII. 620,2 b. 
 Heliop'olis, ancient city of Egypt, VIII. 619; 
 XII. 452, 1 a. 
 
 Heliopsis leevis (botany), XII. 760, 1 b. 
 
 Helios, god of the sun, VIII. 619 ; I. 586, 1 c. 
 
 % 
 
 He'lioscope : see Telescope, XV. 630, 1 a. 
 Heliostat and Heliotrope, surveying instru¬ 
 ments, VIII. 620; XV. 631, 1 be. 
 
 Heli’othes (entomology), V. 420, 1 c (ill., 419). 
 IIe'liotrope, plant, VIII. 620 (ill.). False he¬ 
 liotrope, 2 ab. Garden heliotrope, so called, 
 XVI. 245, 1 c. 
 
 Heliotrope, instrument: see Heliostat. In¬ 
 vention of, VII. 649, 2 b. 
 
 Heliotrope, variety of quartz, IX. 570, 2 b. 
 Heliotro'pium (botany), VIII. 620, 1 b. II. 
 
 curassavicum and other species, ib. 
 
 Helix, in architecture, VIII. 620. 
 
 Helix, in conchology: see Snail, XV. 129, 
 
 1 b. II. albolabris, 1 c (ill.), and other 
 species. II. cellaria, similaris, and vitri- 
 noides, XI. 724, 1 ab. 
 
 Hell, Maximilian, Hungarian astronomer, 
 VIII. 620. 
 
 Hellas : she Greece. 
 
 Hellbender, reptile, XI. 393, 1 a. 
 
 Hel'le, in Greek legend, VIII. 621. 
 Hel'lebore, in pharmacy and botany, VIII. 
 
 621. Black hellebore, 1 b (ill.). Bear’s 
 foot, 2 a. White, ib. (ill.). American, 2 c. 
 
 Hellen : see Greece, VIII. 187, 1 a. 
 
 Hellenes [hel'-le-neez], VIII. 188, 1 c. Limited 
 use of the term, 201, 2 ab. 
 
 Hellenotamice, financial officers, VIII. 191, 1 a. 
 Hellenstein [hel'-len-stine], ruined castle of the 
 lords of, VIII. 614, 1 b. 
 
 Heller, Joseph, German author, VIII. 622. 
 Heller, Karl Bartholomiius, naturalist, VIII. 
 
 622. 
 
 Heller, Stephan, composer, VIII. 622. 
 Hellespont, strait, VIII. 622. See Darda¬ 
 nelles, and IIelle. 
 
 Hellevoetsluis: see IIelvoetsluis. 
 
 Hell Gate, pass in the East river, VI. 380, 
 
 2 ab. Removal of obstructions to its navi¬ 
 gation, II. 699, 2 c, 702, 2 a. 
 
 Hellgate, Indian treaty of, VII. 261, 2 a. 
 Hellin [a-lyeen'], town of Spain, VIII. 622. 
 Hellopia, in Greece, IX. 331, 1 c. 
 
 Helluland, island, XII. 498, lb. , 
 
 Helm : see Steering Apparatus. 
 
 Helmend: see Helmund. 
 
 Helmers, Jan Frederik, Dutch poet, VIII. 622. 
 Helmet, in armor, I. 731, 2 be, 732, 2 c (ills.). 
 
 In heraldry, VIII. 674, 1 ab. 
 
 Helmet Shell, VIII. 622 (ill.). 
 
 Helmholtz, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand, Ger- 
 
382 
 
 HELMICHIS 
 
 IIENGIST 
 
 man physicist, VIII. 622. Ilis discoveries 
 in harmony, 466, 1 c, ff.; XII. 85, 1 b. 
 Theory of the sun’s heat, VIII. 568, 1 c. 
 Helmichis, paramour of Rosamond, I. 254, 1 c. 
 Helmina , pseudonyme, IV. 396, 1 b. 
 Helminthosporium , fungus, VII. 532, 2 a. 
 Helminths : see Entozoa, VI. 663, 2 ab ; 666, 
 
 1 he. Eyeless helminths, VII. 48, 2 c. 
 IIelmont, Jan Baptista van, Flemish physician, 
 
 VIII. 624. His views on gases, 2 b ; on the 
 archseus, 2c; on elements, IV. 359, 1 c. 
 Helmstddt [helm'-stet]: see IIelmstedt. 
 IIelmstedt, town of Germany, VIII. 625. 
 Helmund', river of Afghanistan, VIII. 625. 
 Heloise [a-lo-eez], abbess of the Paraclete, 
 VIII. 625. See Abelard, I. 18, 1 a. 
 Heloph’ilus (entomology), VI. 130, 1 a. 
 
 He'los, town of ancient Greece, VIII. 625. 
 Hel'ots, Spartan slaves, VIII. 625; I. 187, 
 
 2 a. Massacre of, VIII. 193, 1 ab. 
 
 Helps, Sir Arthur, author, VIII. 626. (D. 1875.) 
 IIelsingborg, town of Sweden, VIII. 626. 
 Helsingfors, capital of Finland, VIII. 626 
 (view, 627). Alexander university, 627, 1 a. 
 Helsingor : see Elsinore. 
 
 IIelst, Bartholomeus van der, Dutch painter, 
 VIII. 627. 
 
 Helvellce , fungi, VII. 532, 1 b. 
 
 IIelvel'lyn, mountain of England, VIII. 627. 
 Helvetia : see Switzerland. 
 
 Helvetic Republic, XV. 530, 2 c. 
 
 IIelvetii [hel-ve'-she-I], ancient Celtic people, 
 VIII. 627. See Switzerland, XV. 529,1 ab. 
 Helvetius, Claude Adrien [el-va-se-iis], French 
 philosopher, VIII. 627; XI. 812, 2 a; XIII. 
 441, 2 ab. * 
 
 Helveto-American congregation (of Benedic¬ 
 tines), II. 520, 2 a. 
 
 IIelvoetslttis [hel'-voot-slois], seaport of the 
 Netherlands, VIII. 628. 
 
 Helyot, Pierre [a-lyo], French historian, VIII. 
 628. 
 
 Hem'ans, Felicia Dorothea, English poetess, 
 VIII. 628. 
 
 Hematine [hem'-a-tin], coloring matter in the 
 blood, VIII. 628. 
 
 Hematchandra's lexicon , edition of, II. 791,1 ab. 
 Hematite : see Iron Ores, IX. 406, 2 c ; 411, 
 1 b. Hydrous or brown hematites, 408,1 a; 
 411, 1 b, 2 be. 
 
 Hemeralopia , day blindness, XII. 549, 1 b. 
 Hemerobins (entomology), XIV. 807, 1 c. 
 Hemerocallis (botany), X. 473, 1 c. II. fulva, 
 1 b. H. flava, 1 c. 
 
 Hemidac'tylus (zoology), VII. 656, 2 c. H. 
 mabonia, 657, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Hemidesmus Indicus (botany), XIV. 635, 2 c. 
 
 Hemierqis JDecresien'sis Ihem-e-er'-iis], (zoolo¬ 
 gy), XIV. 771, 1 b. 
 
 IIemiga'le (zoology), VIII. 628. II. Hard- 
 wickii (ill.), 629. 
 
 Hemiplegia, form of paralysis, III. 198, 2 c, 
 199, 1 c; XIII. 71, 2 a. 
 
 Hemip'tera, order of insects, VIII. 629 (ills.). 
 
 Hemitelia speciosa (botany), (ill.), VII. 151, 2. 
 
 Hemit'ragus (zoology), VIII. 57, 1 b. 
 
 Hemitrip'term (ichthyology), XIV. 739, 1 c. 
 H. Acadianus, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 IIemling: see Memling. 
 
 Hemlock, plant, VIII. 630. Poisonous hem- 
 lock: see Conium. 
 
 Hemlock Spruce, tree, VIII. 630 (ill.). In 
 hedges, 604, 2 c. 
 
 Hemp, plant, VIII. 631. Flowers of, 2 ab (ill.). 
 Production of in the United States, 632, 1 a. 
 Cultivation of, 1 b; for the seed, 2 a. In¬ 
 dian hemp, 2 c. Sisal hemp, 633, 2 a. Sunn 
 hemp, 2 b (ill.). For rope making, XIV. 
 423, 2 c; 425, 2 c. 
 
 “Hemp ,” of wool, XVI. 713, 1 ab. 
 
 IIempel, Charles Julius, American physician, 
 VIII. 634. 
 
 Hemphill , county seat, XIV. 507, 2 ab. 
 
 Hemp&eed oil , VIII. 632, 2 be. 
 
 Hempstead, county, VIII. 634. 
 
 Hems: see IIoms. 
 
 Hemskerk, Martin van [hemce'-kairk], Dutch 
 painter, VIII. 634. 
 
 IIemsterhuys, Tiberius [hem'-ster-hoice], Dutch 
 critic and philologist, VIII. 634. Frans, phi¬ 
 losopher, 2 a. 
 
 Hen : see Cock (Index). 
 
 Hen and chickens , kind of daisy, V. 638, 1 b. 
 
 Henbane, weed, VIII. 634 (ilk). 
 
 Henderson, five counties, VIII. 635. 
 
 Henderson, city of Kentucky, VIII. 635. 
 
 Henderson, county seats, XIV. 473, 1 b; XV. 
 18, 2 be. 
 
 Henderson, excise case of, VII. 23, 2 c. 
 
 Hendersonville , county seat, VIII. 635, 1 b. 
 
 Hendricks, county, VIII. 635. 
 
 Hendricks, Thomas Andrews, American states¬ 
 man, VIII. 636. 
 
 Ileneguen [lia-na-kain'], plant, XVI. 800, 1 a. 
 See Hemp, VIII. 633, 2 a (jenequen). 
 
 Hen'eti: see Veneti (Index). 
 
 Hengist [hen'-ghist], Jutish prince, VIII. 636 
 VI. 606, 2 c, 607, 1 a. 
 
HENGSTENBERG 
 
 HENRY 
 
 383 
 
 Heng'stenberg, Ernst Wilhelm, German the¬ 
 ologian, VIII. G36. 
 
 IIen Hawk: see Harrier, VIIL 475, 2 c. 
 
 Henle, Friedrich Gustav Jakob [hen'-leh], 
 German physiologist, VIII. 637. Founder 
 of microscopic anatomy, 1 b. 
 
 Henley, John, “Orator Henley,” VIII. 637. 
 
 IIenlopen, Cape : see Cape IIenlopen. 
 
 IIenna, shrub, VIII. 637. 
 
 Hennegau , Hennegouwen [hen'-nSh-gow, -gow- 
 en]: see IIainaut. 
 
 IIen'nepin, county, VIII. 638. 
 
 Hennepin , county seat, XIV. 100, 1 b. 
 
 Hennepin, Louis [Fr. en-pa ng ], French mission¬ 
 ary, VIII. 638. 
 
 IIen'ningsen, Charles Frederick, English sol¬ 
 dier and author, VIII. 639. (Died 1877.) 
 
 Ilenot'icon , a creed, VIII. 217, 2 a; III. 514, 
 1 b ; XI. 757, 2 a. 
 
 Henri I. [a ng -re], king of Ilayti, IV. 552, 2 b; 
 VIII. 552, 2 a. 
 
 Henricians , sect, III. 370, 2 b; VIII. 666, 1 b. 
 
 HenrFco, county, VIII. 639. 
 
 Henri Deux ware [a ng -re dull], XIII. 782,1 a (ill.). 
 
 Henrietta Anna, duchess of Orleans,VIII. 639. 
 
 Henrietta Maria, queen of England, VIII. 
 639. Marriage with Charles I., 2 be; IV. 
 278, 2 c. 
 
 IIenriquel-Dupont, Louis Pierre [a ng -re-kail- 
 dii-po ng ], French engraver, VIII. 640. 
 
 Henry, name of ten counties, VIIL 640. 
 
 Henry, name of several sovereigns of England, 
 France, and Germany, VIII. 641. 
 
 I. ENGLAND. 
 
 Henry I., Beauclerc, third of the Norman line, 
 VIIL 641. His coinage laws, XI. 738, 2 a. 
 
 Henry II., first of the Plantagenets, VIIL 642. 
 Troubles with the church, 2 b. New coin¬ 
 age of, XI. 616, 2 b; 788, 2 a. 
 
 Henry III., VIIL 643. Unjust coinage law, 
 XI. 738, 2 a. 
 
 Henry IV., first of the house of Lancaster, 
 VIIL 644. 
 
 Henry V., VIIL 644. Victory of Agincourt, 
 645, 2 c; I. 187, 1 c. 
 
 Henry VI., VIIL 646. W T ar of the roses, 
 647, 1 a. 
 
 Henry VII., first of the Tudors, VIIL 647. 
 His laws respecting money, XI. 739, 1 b. 
 
 Henry VIIL, VIIL 648. Marriage with Cath¬ 
 arine of Aragon, 2 b. Foreign connections, 
 649, 1 ab. Wolsey’s influence, 1 c. Ques¬ 
 tion of divorce, 650, 1 ab. “Anglican 
 
 schism,” 651, 2 b. Marriage with Anne 
 Boleyn, 652, 1 a. Divorce from Catharine 
 of Aragon pronounced, 1 b ; adverse decision 
 of the pope, IV. 662, 2 b. Final separation 
 from Rome, VIII. 652, 1 c. Excommunica¬ 
 tion of Henry, ib. Act of supremacy passed, 
 2 a. Execution of Anne Boleyn, 2 be. 
 Marriage with Jane Seymour, ib. Final dis¬ 
 solution of the monasteries, 2 c. Marriage 
 with Anne of Cleves, 653, 1 a; with Catha¬ 
 rine Howard, ib .; with Catharine Parr, ib. 
 Persecutions of the Catholics and Protestants, 
 
 1 b. His treatise on the seven sacraments, 
 649, 2 b; its supposed author, VII. 224, 1 be. 
 His laws respecting exportation of money, 
 plate, &c., XI. 739,1 b. Silver farthings last 
 coined in his reign, ib. 
 
 II. FRANCE. 
 
 Henry I., third of the Capetians, VIII. 653. 
 
 Henry II., tenth of the Valois family, VIIL 654. 
 
 Henry III., last of the Valois family, VIIL 
 654. The “holy league,” 2 c. War with 
 Henry of Navarre, 655, 1 b. Assassination 
 of the duke of Guise, 1 c. 
 
 Henry IV., of Navarre, first of the house of 
 Bourbon, VIII. 655. Marriage with Marga¬ 
 ret of Valois, 2 a. Massacre of St. Barthol¬ 
 omew, 2 b. War against the league, 2 c. 
 Abjuration of Protestantism, 656, 1 c. Coro¬ 
 nation, ib. Marriage with Maria de 1 Medici, 
 
 2 b. See France, VII. 382, 2 c. 
 
 III. GERMANY. 
 
 Henry I., the Fowler, king, VIIL 657; HI. 
 209, 2 ab. 
 
 Hensy II., Saint, emperor, VIII. 657. 
 
 Henry III., VIIL 658. Relations of church 
 and state, 1 b. 
 
 Henry IV., VIIL 658. Harsh treatment of 
 the Saxons, 1 c. Ratification of the election 
 of Pope Gregory VII., 243, 2 c. Contest 
 with the pope, 658, 2 ab, 244, 1 ab; -with 
 the pope and rival German princes, 658, 2 c. 
 His three days’ penance at Canossa, 2 be: 
 III. 720, 2 b. 
 
 Henry V., the Young, VIIL 659. Treachery 
 toward his father, 1 b (Henry IV.). Con¬ 
 test with the popes, 1 c; concordat of Worms, 
 2 b, X. 183, 2 be. 
 
 Henry VI., the Cruel, VIII. 659. 
 
 Henry VII., of Luxemburg, VIIL 660. 
 
 Henry the Bearnais [ba-ar-na], III. 156, 2 a. 
 
384 
 
 HENRY 
 
 HERBERT 
 
 Henry, Caleb Sprague, American author, VIII. 
 660. 
 
 Henry, Joseph, physicist, VIII. 660; VI. 516, 
 1 ah; XI. 13,1 c; XV. 611, 1 b. (Died 1878.) 
 Henry, Matthew, English Biblical commenta¬ 
 tor, VIII. 661. 
 
 Henry, Patrick, American orator and states¬ 
 man, VIII. 661. The “ parsons’ cause,” 662, 
 1 ab. His stamp act resolutions in the house 
 of burgesses, 663, 1 a. Delegate to congress, 
 664, 1 a. Governor of Virginia, 2 c. His 
 opposition to the federal constitution, 665, 
 
 1 a. Characterization, 1 b. 
 
 Henry, Philip, English divine, VIII. 665. 
 Henry, Robert, Scottish historian, VIII. 666. 
 Henry, William, English chemist, VIII. 666. 
 Henry of Lausanne: see Henry the Hermit. 
 Henry of Trastamare , XIII. 223, 2 c. 
 
 Henry the Hermit, founder of the sect of 
 Henricians, VIII. 666; II. 574, 1 c. 
 
 Henry the Lion, duke of Saxony and Bavaria, 
 VIII. 666. 
 
 Henry the Navigator, Portuguese prince, 
 VIII. 667. 
 
 Henryson, Robert, Scottish poet, VIII. 667. 
 Hen'schen, Godfrey , learned Jesuit, III. 16, 2 c. 
 IIensel, Wilhelm, German painter, VIII. 668. 
 Fanny, pianist, 1 ab. 
 
 IIenselt, Adolph, German pianist, VIII. 668. 
 Henshaw, John Prentiss Kewley, American 
 bishop, VIII. 668. 
 
 IIensler, Eliza: see Ferdinand (Augustus 
 Francis Anthony). 
 
 Hentz, Caroline Lee, American authoress, 
 VIII. 668. 
 
 Henzey, Leon Alexandre [a ng -za], French archae¬ 
 ologist, VIII. 668. 
 
 Hep, fruit of the rose, XIV. 433, 2 a. 
 
 Hepar sulphuris , liver of sulphur, XIII. 760, 2 c. 
 Hepat'ica, genus of plants, VIII. 668; I. 490, 
 
 2 c. H. triloba, VIII. 669,1 ab, 1 be (ill.), &c. 
 Hepatic artery , X. 536, 2 c; 537, 1 ab, 2 a. 
 Hepatic duct , VII. 574, 2 ab; X. 538, lb; II. 
 
 636, 2 c. 
 
 Hepatic gas, II. 558, 1 c. 
 
 Hepatic plexus, of the sympathetic nerve, X. 
 537, 1 b. 
 
 Hepatic rein, X. 537, 2 a. 
 
 HephaEstion [he-fes'-te-on], friend of Alexan¬ 
 der the Great, VIII. 669. 
 
 Hephaestus : see Vulcan. 
 
 HepiaVidce (entomology), XI. 869, 2 b. 
 Hepi'alus Jiu'muli (entomology), XI. 869, 2 b. 
 Heptachord, musical instrument, X. 759, 2 b. 
 
 Heptameron [ep-ta-ma-ro ng ], a French classic, 
 XI. 155, 2 a. 
 
 Hep'tarchy : see England, VI. 607, 1 -b. 
 
 IIepworth, George Hughes, American clergy¬ 
 man, VIII. 669. 
 
 IIera : see Juno. 
 
 IIeracle'a, ancient city of Magna Gnecia, 
 VIII. 669 ; II. 363, 2 b. Of Sicily, VIII. 
 669, 2 c. Of Bithynia, 670,1 a : see Eregli. 
 
 Heracles [her'-a-kleez]: see Hercules. 
 
 Heracli'dae: see Greece, VIII. 187, 2 b. 
 
 Heracli'tus, the “weeping philosopher,” VIII. 
 670; XI. 808, 1 be; XIII. 437, 1 b. 
 
 IIeracli'us, emperor of the East, VIII. 670 ; 
 III. 514, 2 be. His attempt to conciliate the 
 Monopliysites, VIII. 800, 1 a; XI. 758, 1 b. 
 
 Herald: see Heraldry, VIII. 674, 1 c. Her¬ 
 alds’ college in England, ib. 
 
 “Herald ,” newspaper of New York, II. 530, 
 2 ab. 
 
 Heraldry, VIII. 671. Heraldic shields (plate). 
 Modern rules of, 1 b. Shields, 1 c. The 
 field, 2 be. Charges, 672, 1 ab. Blazoning, 
 673, 2 ab. Marshalling of arms, 2 c. Ex¬ 
 terior ornaments, 674, 1 a. Heralds, 1 c. 
 
 Herapath, William, English chemist,VIII. 674. 
 His test for adulterated beer, III. 262, 2 b. 
 
 Herat', city of Afghanistan, VIII. 674. Citadel 
 (ill.), 675. 
 
 Herault [a-ro], department of France, VIII. 
 675. River, 2 be. Wines of, VII. 411, 2 b. 
 
 Herault de Sechelles, Marie Jean [duh sa- 
 sh61], French revolutionist, VIII. 675. 
 
 Heraut' : see Herat. 
 
 Herbarium, collection of dried plants, VIII. 676. 
 
 Herbart, Johann Friedrich [hair'-bart], Ger¬ 
 man philosopher, VIII. 676; XI. 813, 2 ab; 
 XIII. 431, 1 ab, 2 b, 442, 2 b. 
 
 Herbe de la reine [airb dull la rain]: see To¬ 
 bacco, XV. 780, 2 c. 
 
 Herbelot, Bartlielemy d’ [dair-blo], French 
 orientalist, VIII. 676. 
 
 Herb of grace: see Rue, XIV. 464, 2 a. 
 
 Her'bemont, Mr. [Fr. airb-mo ng ], American grape 
 grower, I. 418, 1 c. Herbemont grape, ib. 
 
 Herbert, Edward, Baron Herbert of Cher- 
 bury, English philosopher, VIII. 677. 
 
 Herbert, George, English poet, VIII. 677. 
 
 Herbert, Henry William, American author., 
 VIII. 677. 
 
 Herbert, John Rogers, English painter, VIIL 
 678. 
 
 Herbert, Sir Thomas, traveller, VIII. 678. 
 
 Herbert, William, earl, poet, VIII. 678. 
 
HERBIVORA 
 
 HERODIAM 
 
 385 
 
 IIerbiv'ora, order of mammals, VIII. 678. 
 Herb Robert, plant, VII. 731, 2 b (ill.). 
 IIercula'neum, ancient city of Italy, VIII. 
 678 (view). Paintings in, how preserved, 
 XVI. 269, 1 ab. 
 
 Hercu'lean legion, in the Roman army, X. 851, 
 
 1 b. 
 
 Hercules [hur'-ku-leez], mythical hero, VIII. 
 
 679. His birth, I. 264, 1 b. 
 
 Hercules,'pillars of, VII. 800, 2 c; VIII. 679, 2 c. 
 Hercules’ Club, name of three plants, VIII. 
 
 680; XIII. 830, 2 c; VIII. 131, 2 a. 
 Herculis Promontorium: see Cape Sparti- 
 vento. 
 
 Hercynian Forest : see Hercynia Silva. Re¬ 
 ferred to, II. 784, 1 b. 
 
 Hercynia Silva, forest of Germany, VIII. 680. 
 Herder, Johann Gottfried von [hair'-der], Ger¬ 
 man author, VIII. 680. His influence on 
 German literature, VII. 767, 1 a. 
 
 Herd's grass , red-top, VIII. 167, 2 c. Timothy, 
 ib., and XV. 757, 2 c. 
 
 Herdsman, the, curiosity in Staflra, XV. 301,1 a. 
 Hereditaments, in law, VIII. 681. 
 
 Hereford [h&r'-e-furd], city of England, VIII. 
 
 681. Cathedral, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Herefordshire, county of England, VIII. 681. 
 'Herem (anathema), I. 459, 1 a. 
 
 Heresy , punishment of : see Inquisition, IX. 
 293, 1 a, ff. First execution for, 1 be ; XIV. 
 6,1 a. Decree of the fourth Lateran council 
 for its suppression, X. 184, 1 be. The legal 
 foundation of inquisitorial courts, IX. 293, 
 
 2 ab. 
 
 Herford [hair'-fort], town of Prussia, VIII. 
 
 682. 
 
 Herginis Au: see Herisau, VIII. 682, 1 c. 
 Herginn [hair'-ghin], raven, messenger of Odin, 
 XII. 119, 2 c. 
 
 Her'ing, Constantin, American physician,VIII. 
 682. 
 
 Heriot, George, Scottish goldsmith, VIII. 682. 
 
 Heriot’s hospital, 1 be; VI. 406, 2 c. 
 Herisau [ha'-re-zow], town of Switzerland, 
 VIII. 682. 
 
 Heristal [a-ris-tal]: see Herstal (Index). 
 Herkimer, county, VIII. 682. 
 
 Herkimer, county seat, VIII. 682, 2 c. 
 Hermce'um Promonto'rium : see Cape Bon. 
 Herma'ia, festivals of Mercury, XI. 404, 2 a. 
 Hermandad [air-man-£M£A']> holy brotherhood, 
 IV. 616, 2 b; VII. 136, 1 be. 
 
 Her'mann, county seat, VII. 641, 1 a; I. 417, 
 2 a, 418, 2 a, b, 419, 1 a, 2 be, 420, 1 b. 
 
 25 
 
 Hermann [Ger. hair'-man], German hero : see 
 Arminius, and Bandel (Index). 
 
 Hermann, archbishop, u Consultation ” of, re¬ 
 ferred to, V. 153, 2 b. 
 
 Hermann, Johann Gottfried Jakob, German 
 philologist, VIII. 682. 
 
 Hermannstadt, Transylvania, VIII. 683 (view). 
 
 Hermapii'rodite, VIII. 683. 
 
 Heemas, ecclesiastical writer of the first cen¬ 
 tury, VIII. 684. Hernias or Hermes, 1 c. 
 
 Hermeneutics: see Theology, XV. 695, 1 ab. 
 
 Hermes [hur'-meez], deity : see Mercury. 
 
 Hermes, Georg [hair'-mess], German theolo¬ 
 gian, VIII. 684. 
 
 Hermesianism , doctrine, VIII. 684, 2 ab. 
 
 Hermesite , mineral, XV. 50, 1 c. 
 
 Hermes Trismegistus, mythical author, VIII. 
 684. Eeputed discoverer of the hermetic 
 art (alchemy), I. 260, 2 a. 
 
 Hermetic art , I. 260, 2 a (Alchemy). 
 
 Hermit : see Anchoret, and Monachism, XI. 
 728, 2 b. 
 
 Hermitage, county seat, VIII. 716, 2 b. 
 
 Hermitage, residence of Andrew Jackson, IX. 
 487, 1 b; 488, 1 c; 493, 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 Hermitage [air-me-tazh], residence of lious- 
 seau, XIV. 453, 2 a. See Epinay. 
 
 Hermitage Wine : see France, Wines of, VII. 
 412, 1 b. 
 
 Hermit of the Gharente , II. 259, 2 c. 
 
 Hermits of St. Augustine : see Augustinians, 
 and XI. 729, 2 b. 
 
 Hermodur, in northern mythology, II. 237, 2 b. 
 
 Hermon, mountain, VIII. 685; I. 564, 1 a. 
 
 Hermop'olis , capital of Syra, XV. 541, 1 b. 
 
 IIermopolis Magna, city of Egypt, VIII. 685. 
 
 Hermosillo [air-mo-se'-lyo], town of Mexico, 
 VIII. 685. 
 
 Hermotybii, Egyptian warriors, 1. 737, 1 a. 
 
 Hernando, county, VIII. 685. 
 
 Herndon, William Lewis, American naval offi¬ 
 cer, VIII. 685. 
 
 Hernia, or Rupture, VIII. 685. 
 
 Her'nici, ancient people of Italy”, VIII. 686. 
 
 IIernosand : see Wester Xorrland. 
 
 Hero : see Heron, philosopher. 
 
 Hero, mythical, VIII. 686. 
 
 IIerod, the Great, king of the Jews, VIII. 686. 
 
 Herod Agrippa I., VIII. 687. 
 
 Herod Agrippa II., VIII. 687. 
 
 IIerod Antipas, VIII. 687. 
 
 Hero'des Atticus : see Atticus. 
 
 Herodian, Greek historian, VIII. 687. Re¬ 
 ferred to, X. 199, la. 
 
380 
 
 HERODIAS 
 
 HESPERIPHOHA 
 
 Herodias , wife of Herod Antipas, VIII. 687, 2 b. 
 
 Herod'otus, Greek historian, VIII. 688; 213, 
 1 b. His notice of lake dwellings, X. 110, 2 c. 
 
 Heroic age , 1.185, 2 c. Of Greece, VIII. 187, 2 a. 
 
 Herold, Louis Joseph Ferdinand [a-ruld], 
 French composer, VIII. 689. 
 
 Heron, bird, VIII. 689. European, 690, 1 a 
 (ill., 689); Louisiana, 1 c (ill.); snowy, 2 a; 
 great blue, 2 c (ill.); great white, 691, 2 a 
 (ill.) • blue, 2 b. Sun herons, 2 c. Green 
 heron, II. 670, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Heron, or Hero, Alexandrian philosopher and 
 mathematician, VIII. 691. Inventions of, 
 692, 1 a; IX. 115, 2 ab; XV. 839, 1 be (ill.). 
 
 Herobpolite yw(/’[he-ro-op'-o-lite], XV. 439,1 b. 
 
 Heroph'ilus, Greek anatomist, VIII. 692. In¬ 
 vestigations in anatomy, 1 b; I. 460, 1 c. 
 
 Herosteattjs : see Erostratijs. 
 
 Herpes'tes (zoology), IX. 157, 2 a. H. ichneu¬ 
 mon, ib. (ill.), &c. 
 
 IIerpetoi/ogy, branch of zoology, VIII. 692. 
 Classification of reptiles by ancient authors, 
 
 1 c ; by modern, 2 ab. 
 
 Herrera, Fernando de [air-ra'-ra], Spanish 
 poet, VIII. 695 ; XV. 221, 1 a. 
 
 Herrera, Francisco de, the elder, Spanish 
 painter, VIII. 695. Francisco de, the 
 younger, painter, 696, 1 a. 
 
 Herrera y Tordesillas, Antonio de [e tore- 
 £M-se'-lyass], historian, VIII. 696. 
 
 Herrick, Robert, English poet, VIII. 696. 
 
 Herring, family of fishes, VIII. 696. Ameri¬ 
 can, 2 c (ill., 697); European, 697, 1 c (ill.). 
 Herring fishery, 2 b. First preservation of 
 herrings: see Beukels. 
 
 Herring, John Frederick, English painter, 
 VIII. 698. 
 
 Herring-bone , in bricklaying, III. 269, 1 c. 
 
 IIereniiut [hairn'-hoot]: see Moravians, and 
 
 ZlNZENDORF. 
 
 Her'sciiel, Sir William, English astronomer, 
 VIII. 698. His telescope, 699, 1 b. His 
 method of star gauging, 2 a; VII. 559, 1 c; 
 XV. 313, 2 a. Observations on the sun, 
 XV. 472, 1 a, b. Experiments on the rela¬ 
 tion of heat and light, XIII. 468, 2 b. In¬ 
 vestigations on the constitution of the galaxy, 
 VII. 559, 1 c, XV. 313, 2 be; of Cygnus 
 and other star clusters, 1 c, 317, 1 ab. Dis¬ 
 covery of Uranus, XVI. 220, 2 c, VIII. 698, 
 
 2 c. Discoveries in sidereal astronomy, 
 1 c.—Caroline Lucretia, astronomer, VIII. 
 699, 2 be.—Sir John Frederick William, 
 astronomer and physicist, 700, 1 ab. Ex¬ 
 
 pedition to the Cape of Good Hope, 1 c. 
 Work on astronomy, 2 a. Observations on 
 the stars, 2 be ; on the milky way, 2 c, VII. 
 560, 1 ab, 2 a. Experiments in regard to 
 light, VII. 289, 2 c. Theory of the cause of 
 currents, II. 74, 1 a; of the disappearance 
 of Biela’s comet, V. 141, 1 ab. Observa¬ 
 tions on the sun, XV. 472,1 ab, 2 c. Theory 
 of the daguerreotype process, XIII. 470, 1 b. 
 
 Herschel , planet: see Uranijs, and VIII. 699, 
 1 ab. 
 
 Hersek : see Herzegovina. 
 
 Hersent, Louis [air-sa ng ], painter, VIII. 701. 
 
 Hersey , county seat, XII. 716, 2 b. 
 
 Hersfeld [hairce'-felt], Prussia, VIII. 701. 
 
 IIerstal [hair'-stal], Belgium, VIII. 701. 
 
 Hert'ford, county, VIII. 701. 
 
 Hertford [hart'-furd], England, VIII. 701. 
 
 Hertford , county seat, XIII. 309, 2 c. 
 
 Hertfordshire, county of England, VIII. 701. 
 
 IiERTnA, goddess of earth, VIII. 702; XII. 
 120, 2 a. 
 
 Herts : see Hertfordshire. 
 
 Hertz, Henrik [hairts], Danish poet, VIII. 702. 
 
 Hertzen, Alexander, Russian author, VIII. 702. 
 
 Her'uli, German tribe, VIII. 703. 
 
 Herve [air-va], French composer, VIII. 703. 
 
 Hervey, James, English author, VIII. 703. 
 
 Hervey, John, baron, politician, VIII. 703. 
 
 IIervey, Thomas Kibble, poet, VIII. 703. 
 Eleonora Louisa (Montague), writer, 2 b. 
 
 Hervey de Saint Denys, Marie Jean L6on de, 
 marquis [air-va duh sa ng diih-ne], French 
 sinologue, VIII. 703. 
 
 Herwegh, Georg [hair-ve k h], German poet, 
 VIII. 703. (Died 1875.) 
 
 Herz, Henriette [hairts], a leader of Berlin 
 society, VIII. 703. 
 
 Herzegovina [hair-tseh-go-ve'-na], province of 
 Turkey, VIII. 704. 
 
 Herzen : see Hertzen. 
 
 He'siod, Greek poet, VIII. 704. His “Works 
 and Days,” 2 be ; “ Theogony,” 2 c ; “ Hero¬ 
 ines,” 705, 1 a. 
 
 Hesperia , or H. Magna (Italy), IX. 449, 1 a. 
 
 Hesperi'ados (entomology), III. 495, 2 be; 500, 
 1 c. 
 
 Hesperides [hes-p&r'-e-deez], in mythology, 
 VIII. 705. Gardens of, 1 b; II. 526, 2 c; 
 VI. 487, 1 c. Golden apples of, VIII. 705, 
 1 b; 679, 2 c. 
 
 Hesperid'ium , a kind of fruit, XIII. 591, 1 b. 
 
 Hesperiph!ona xesperti'na (ornithology), VIII 
 264, 1 c (ill.). 
 
HESPERIS 
 
 1IICKES 
 
 387 
 
 4 
 
 Hes'peris: see Benghazi, and IT. 553, 2 ab. 
 
 Ilesper'omys (zoology), XII. 15, 1 b. H. leuco- 
 pus, 1 be (ill.). Other species, 2 a-b. H. 
 rayoides, VIII. 433, 2 ab. 
 
 IIess, Karl Adolph Heinrich, German artist, 
 VIII. 705. 
 
 Hess, Karl Ernst Christoph, German engraver, 
 VIII. 705. Peter von, painter, 1 c. Hein¬ 
 rich von, historical painter, 2 a. 
 
 Hesse [hess], territory of Germany, VIII. 705. 
 Grand duchy, 2 c. 
 
 Hesse, Adolph Friedrich [lies'-seh], German 
 organist, VIII. 700. 
 
 Hesse, Nicolas Auguste [ess], French painter, 
 VIII. 707. Alexandre Jean Baptiste, 1 a. 
 
 Hesse-Cassel, electorate, VIII. 707. 
 
 Hesse-Darmstadt : see Hesse, VIII. 706, 1 a. 
 
 Hesse-Homburg, landgraviate, VIII. 708. 
 
 Hessels , member of Alva’s blood council, I. 
 370, 1 b. 
 
 Hessen: see Hesse, VIII. 705, 2 ab. 
 
 Hesse-Nassau, province of Prussia, VIII. 708. 
 
 Hessia: see Hessb, VIII. 705, 2 ab. 
 
 Hessian Fly, VIII. 708 (ill.). 
 
 Hessian soldiers in America, VIII. 707, 1 c. 
 Mirabeau on the employment of them, XI. 
 623, 2 a. Tolled by Frederick the Great as 
 “ bought and sold cattle,” VII. 458, 1 b. 
 
 Hessing , Dutch adventurer, I. 191, 2 a. 
 
 Hestia: see Vesta. 
 
 IIesychitts, Saint [he-sik'-e-us], Egyptian bish¬ 
 op, VIII. 709. Of Alexandria, lexicographer, 
 1 c. Of Jerusalem, ecclesiastical writer, 2 a. 
 Of Miletus, Greek historian, 2 b. 
 
 Hetce'rce, courtesans in Athens, II. 65, 2 a. 
 
 Hetceria, secret political society, III. 175, 2 b; 
 VIII. 202, 1 c; XVI. 433, 2 a, 798, 2 ab. 
 
 Hetaira, courtesan, XIII. 477, 1 b. 
 
 Heterocercal, form of fisk’s tail, VIII. 709 (ill.). 
 
 Heterogen'esis, II. 208, 1 b. 
 
 Heterogenists [het-er-oj'-e-nists], II. 374, 2 c. 
 
 Heteromeles Mauritan'icus [het-er-om'-e-leez], 
 (zoology), XIV. 171, 2 a. 
 
 Heterom'era (entomology), II. 477, 1 c. 
 
 IIeterop'oda : see Nucleobranchiates, and 
 XI. 722, 1 c. 
 
 IIeterop'tera : see Hemiptera, VIII. 629, 
 1 be (H. heteroptera). 
 
 Hetero'pus (zoology), IX. 744, 2 b. 
 
 Heterousiasts: see Arianism, I. 700, 2 a. 
 
 Hetman, Polish military title: see Attaman, 
 II. 93, 1 b, and XIII. 646, 2 c. 
 
 Heuglin, Theodor von, baron [hoig'-lin], Ger¬ 
 man traveller, VIII. 710. (Died 1876.) 
 
 Heve'a Guianen' sis (botany), III. 734, 1 c. 
 
 IIeve'lius, Johannes, Polish astronomer, VIII. 
 710. 
 
 IIeyes [hev'-esh], county of Hungary, VIII. 
 710. Town, 2 a. 
 
 Hewel [hev'-el]: see IIevelius. 
 
 Hewellce [hev-el'-keh]: see IIevelius. 
 
 Hewes, Joseph, a signer of the Declaration of 
 Independence, VIII. 710. 
 
 Hewitt , Abram S », his u Report on Iron and 
 Steel,” IX, 410, 1 ab. 
 
 Hewson (William, 1739-’74, author of u Ex¬ 
 perimental Inquiries into the Properties of 
 the Blood,” 1772), researches of: see Blood, 
 II. 732, 2 b ; 733, 1 a, 
 
 Hex'apla, Origen’s, XII. 692, 2 b; XIII. 687,1 c. 
 
 Hexascope , instrument, IX. 735, 2 b. 
 
 IIeyden, Jan van der [ln'-den], Dutch painter, 
 VIII. 710. 
 
 Heylin, Peter [ha'-lin], English theologian, 
 VIII. 710. 
 
 Heyne, Christian Gottlob [lri'-nSh], German 
 philologist, VIII. 710. His philological la¬ 
 bors, X. 191, 2 b. 
 
 Hey's saio: see Trepan, XV. 860, 2 be. 
 
 Heyse, Karl Wilhelm Ludwig [hl'-zeh], Ger¬ 
 man philologist, VIII. 711. Johann Lud¬ 
 wig Paul, author, 1 b. 
 
 Heyward, Thomas [ha'-wurd], a signer of the 
 Declaration of Independence, VIII. 711. 
 
 Heywood, town of England, VIII. 711. 
 
 Heywood, John, English humorist, VIII. 711. 
 His interludes, XI. 628, 1 be. 
 
 Heywood, Thomas, dramatist, VIII. 711. 
 
 Hezarehs , Mongols, XI. 747, 1 b. 
 
 Hezeki'ah, king of Judah, VIII. 711. Pool 
 of, IX. 612, 2 c. 
 
 Hiacoo'mes, converted Indian, VIII. 711. 
 
 Hiang Kiang : see Hong Kong. 
 
 Hiaquis [e-a'-kees]: see Yaquis. 
 
 Hiawas'see, county seat, XV. 828, 2 c. 
 
 Hiawatha, county seat, III. 335, 1 c. 
 
 Hibbard, Freeborn Garretson, American cler¬ 
 gyman, VIII. 712. 
 
 Hibbens, Anne, executed for witchcraft, II. 
 505, 2 c (1656); III. 126, 2 c. 
 
 Hibernation, of animals, VIII. 712. 
 
 Hibernia: see Ireland, IX. 355, 2 b. Ety¬ 
 mology of, VII. 552, 1 b. 
 
 Hibiscus, genus of plants, VIII. 713. II. Mos- 
 cheutos, 2 ab (ill.). II. Syriacus, 714, 1 a 
 (ill.), &c. H. esculentus, XII. 607, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Hiccough [hik'-kup], VIII. 714; VI. 79,1 ab. 
 
 Hickes, George, English author, VIII. 714. 
 
388 
 
 HICKMAN 
 
 HILLEL 
 
 Hickman, two counties, VIII. 714. 
 
 Hiclcman, county seat, VII. 524, 2 b. 
 
 Hickok, Laurens Perseus, American metaphy¬ 
 sician, VIII. 715 ; XI. 815, 2 b; XVI. 203,1 c. 
 
 Hickory, tree, VIII. 715 (ills.). 
 
 Hickory, county, VIII. 716. 
 
 Hickory, Old , sobriquet, IX. 488, 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 Hickory Town: see Lancaster, X. 135, 2 be. 
 
 Hicks, Elias, American preacher, VIII. 716. 
 See Friends, VII. 498, 1 b. 
 
 Hicks, Thomas, American painter, VIII. 717. 
 
 Hicksford, county seat, VIII. 239, 1 a. 
 
 Hicksites: see Friends, VII. 498, 2 ab. 
 
 Hidalgo [e-tfMl'-go], Spanish title, VIII. 717. 
 
 Hidal'go, county, VIII. 717. 
 
 Hidalgo y Costilla, Don Miguel [e koce-te'- 
 lya], Mexican priest and revolutionist, VIII. 
 717; I. 310, 1 c. See Allende. 
 
 Hiddekel : see Tigris, XV. 752, 1 c. 
 
 HicLe mill , in tanning, X. 273, 2 c. 
 
 Hides : see Leather, X. 271, 1 a. 
 
 Hideyoshi [he-da-yo'-she], Japanese warrior 
 and statesman, IX. 542, 2 b. 
 
 Hiemp'sal: see Jugurtha, IX. 708, 2 a. 
 
 Heerap'olis, city of Phrygia, VIII. 717. Of 
 Syria, 718, 1 a.. 
 
 Hieratic writing, Egyptian, VI. 468, 2 be; 
 XVI. 738, 2 1 b. 
 
 Hi'ero, tyrant of Syracuse, VIII. 718. King 
 of Syracuse, 1 b. 
 
 Hieroch'loa borea'lis (botany), VIII. 167, 2 a. 
 
 Hieroglyphics, VIII. 718.. Picture writing of 
 the North American. Indians, 719,1 b (ills.) ; 
 Mexicans, 2 a (ill.); Central America, 720, 
 2 c; British Guiana, 721, 1 b (ill.).. See 
 Egypt, Language and Literature of, Mayas, 
 and Writing. 
 
 Hieron'ymites, religious order, XI. 730,, 2 1 ab. 
 
 Hieron: see Hiero. 
 
 Hieronymus : see Jerome. 
 
 Hierophant [hl-er'-o-fant], priest, VTII.. 721. 
 
 Hi'eros ich'thys (sacred fish), VI. 191, 2 c.. 
 
 Hierro [yair'-ro] : see Ferro. 
 
 Higden (Ranulph, Benedictine monk), supposed 
 author of the Chester plays, XI. 627, 1 c. 
 
 Higginson, Francis, American clergyman, VIII.. 
 721. John, clergyman, 2 c. Thomas Went¬ 
 worth, author, 722, 1 a. 
 
 High bridge, Harlem river, I. 614, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 High commission court , constituted, VI., 623,, 
 1 a; abolished, 624, 1 c. 
 
 High-dried snuff, XV. 783, 2 ab. 
 
 Higher law, origin of the phrase, XIV. 792, 2.C;, 
 
 High'gate, village of England, VHL 722* 
 
 * 
 
 Highgate resin, V. 313, 1 c. 
 
 High-holder, bird, XVI. 710, 2 a. 
 
 Highland, two counties, VIII. 722. 
 Highlanders: see Scotland, XIV. 700, 2 a. 
 Highlands, of Scotland, VIII. 722. Of the 
 Hudson, IX. 30, 1 a. 
 
 Highmore, Joseph, English anatomist, VIII. 
 723. 
 
 High operation, for the stone, XV. 399, 1 a. 
 High Peak , in the Catskills, IV. 126, 1 b. 
 
 High seas, XIII. 539, 1 a. 
 
 High taper, plant, XII. 31, 1 c. 
 
 High toast, snuff, XV. 783, 2 ab. 
 
 High'way, in law, VIII. 723. 
 
 High’wines: see Whiskey, XVI. 597, 2 b. 
 Hilaire, Timile Marc [e-lair]: see Saint-Hilaire, 
 Marco de. 
 
 Hila'rion, Saint, VIII. 723; XI. 729, 1 b. 
 Hilarius : see Hilary, Saint. 
 
 Hilarius, author of miracle plays, XI. 626, 2 b. 
 Hilary, pope, VIII. 723. 
 
 Hilary, Saint, bishop and theological writer, 
 VIII. 723. 
 
 Hilda, Saint, VIII. 724. 
 
 Hildburghausen [hild'-boorg-how-zen], for¬ 
 mer duchy, VIII. 724. Town, 2 a. 
 
 Hildebert (abp. of Tours, d. 1134), term “tran- 
 substantiation ” first used by, X. 638, 2 b. 
 Hildebrand : see Gregory VII., pope. 
 Hildebrandt, Ferdinand Theodor, German 
 painter, VIII. 724. Eduard, 2 c. 
 
 Hildegard, or Hildegardis, Saint, VIII. 724; 
 II. 574, 1 c. 
 
 Hildesheim [hil'-dess-hime], Prussia, VIII. 725. 
 Hildreth, Richard, American author, VIII. 
 
 725. His “History of the United States,” 
 2 c; XVI. 192, 2 b. 
 
 IIill, county, VIII. 726. 
 
 Hill, Miss Abigail: see Masham. 
 
 Hill, Ambrose Powell, American soldier, VIII. 
 
 726. 
 
 Hill, Daniel Harvey, soldier, VIII. 726. 
 
 Hill, Isaac, politician, VIII. 726. 
 
 Hill, Rowland, English clergyman, VIII. 726. 
 Hill, Rowland, viscount, general, VIII. 726. 
 IIill, Sir Rowland, author of cheap postage, 
 VIII. 727. 
 
 Hill,. Thomas, American clergyman, president 
 of Harvard college, VIII. 727. 
 
 Hillah .- see IIilleh. 
 
 Hillard, George Stillman, American author, 
 VIII. 727. 
 
 IIilleh, town of Turkey, VIII. 727. 
 
 Hillel, rabbi, VIII. 728. School of, 1 b; XIII. 
 
HILLER 
 
 HIPPO 
 
 389 
 
 381, 2 b. Another Hillel, author of the ex¬ 
 isting Jewish calendar, VIII. 728, 1 b. 
 Hiller, Ferdinand, German composer, VIII. 
 728. 
 
 Hill of Evil Counsel , in Jerusalem, IX. 612, 2 b. 
 Hill Gareb, in Jerusalem, IX. 612, 2 c. 
 IIilliiouse, James, American statesman, VIII. 
 
 728. James Abraham, poet, 2 a. 
 
 Hilliard, Nicholas [hil-yard], English painter, 
 VIII. 728. 
 
 Hilliard d’Auberteuil, Michel Ren6 [e-lyar 
 do-bair-tuhy’], French author, VIII. 728. 
 Hillsboro , county seat, XIV. 706, 2 a. 
 Hillsborough, two counties, VIII. 729. 
 Hillsborough , county seats, VIII. 722, 2 c; 726, 
 1 a; IX. 588, 1 c; XI. 787, 2 a; XVI. 476,1 c. 
 Hillsdale, county, VIII. 729. 
 
 Hillsdale, city of Michigan, VIII. 729. Hills¬ 
 dale college, 2 a. 
 
 Hill's stopping, in dentistry, VI. 23, 2 a. 
 Hillsville , county seat, IV. 29, 1 c. 
 
 Hilo [he'-lo], town of Hawaii, VIII. 729. 
 Hilton, William, English painter, VIII. 730. 
 Hilum , in plants, XIII. 592, 1 a; XV. 317, 2 c. 
 Himala'ya Mountains [properly him-a'-la-ya], 
 VIII. 730. Mount Everest (ill.), 731. 
 Himan'topus (ornithology)? XV. 386, 2 a. H. 
 nigricollis, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Him'era, ancient city of Sicily, VIII. 733. 
 Himil'co, Carthaginian navigator, VIII. 734. 
 General, 1 b. 
 
 Himmel, Friedrich Heinrich, German composer, 
 VIII. 734. 
 
 Him'yar , founder of Mareb, I. 620, 2 c; VIII. 
 734, 2 a, c. 
 
 IIimyarites, Arabian race, VIII. 734. 
 Himyaritic language and inscriptions , VIII. 
 734,1 c (ill., 736); I. 171,1 a, 620, 2 c; IX. 
 217, 1 a. 
 
 Hinckley, town of England, VIII. 736. 
 
 Hincks, Edward, Irish archaeologist, VIII. 736. 
 
 Sir Francis, Canadian statesman, 2 ab. 
 Hincmar, Gallican prelate, VIII. 736. 
 
 Hind , animal, XV. 302, 1 be. 
 
 Hind, John Russell, astronomer, VIII. 737. 
 Hindi [hin-de'], language of India, IX. 216, 2 c. 
 Hindoo architecture , I. 653, 2 b. 
 
 Hindoo Koosh, range of mountains, VIII. 737. 
 Hindostan' : see India. 
 
 Hinds, county, VIII. 738. 
 ^indu8tdni\\im-<[oo-stk , -no\: see Urdu (Index). 
 Hinesville , county seat, X. 400, 2 c. 
 
 IIing'ham, town of Massachusetts, VIII. 738. 
 Hinnom , vale of, VII. 659, 1 b. See Topiiet. 
 
 Hinny: see Ass, II. 23, 1 b. 
 
 Hinsdale, county, VIII. 738. 
 
 Hinton, John Howard, English clergyman and 
 author, VIII. 738. 
 
 Hinzuan': see Johanna Island. 
 
 Hiogo [he-o'-go], town of Japan, VIII. 738. 
 
 Hip , fruit of rose, XIV. 433, 2 a. 
 
 Hip joint , I. 783, 2 c (ill., 784). 
 
 Hippar'chia (entomology), III. 500, 1 a. II. 
 Andromacha, 1 b. H. semidea, ib. 
 
 Hipparchus , military title, I. 63, 1 ab. 
 
 Hipparchus, astronomer, VIII. 738; II. 44, 
 2 a. Application of astronomy to geogra¬ 
 phy, VII. 683, 2 c; of mathematics to astron¬ 
 omy, referred to, 701,1 c. Discovery of the 
 precession of the equinoxes, XIII. 807, 1 c. 
 
 Hipparchus : see Hippias and Hipparchus. 
 
 Hippa'rion, fossil mammal, VIII. 738 (ill., 739). 
 
 Hippeau, Celestin [e-po], author, VIII. 739. 
 
 Hippias, sophist (of Elis, contemporary of Soc¬ 
 rates, celebrated for vanity and arrogance), 
 XIII. 437, 2 b. 
 
 Hippias and Hipparchus, tyrants of Athens, 
 VIII. 739 ; II. 55, 2 a, c. See IIarmodius 
 and Akistogiton. 
 
 Hippid'ion (zoology), VIII. 739, 1 a. 
 
 Hippo, city of Numidia, VIII. 739. 
 
 Hippobosca (entomology), VI. 130, 1 c. 
 
 Hippocampus (ichthyology), XIV. 729, 1 be. 
 II. brevirostris, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Hippocrates [hip-pok'-ra-teez], Greek physi¬ 
 cian, VIII. 740. Referred to, III. 131, 2 ab. 
 His theory of inflammation, IX. 274, 2 c. 
 On insanity, 297, 1 a. Mention of lake- 
 dwellers, X. Ill, 1 a. See Medicine, XI. 
 345, 2 b; Surgery, XV. 485, 2 b. 
 
 Hippocre'ne, fountain, VIII. 740. 
 
 Hip'podrome, race course, VIII. 740. 
 
 Hippoglos'sus (ichthyology), VIII. 392, 1 ab. 
 H. vulgaris, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Hippolyte [hip-pol'-e-te], seizure of the girdle 
 of, VIII. 679, 2 be. 
 
 Hippolyte , Pere [e-piih-leet]: see Helyot. 
 
 Hippol'ytus, son of Theseus : see Phaedra. 
 
 Hippolytus, Saint, VIII. 740. 
 
 Hippolytus a Lapide [a lap'-e-de], pseudonyme, 
 IV. 372, 1 c. 
 
 Hippom’ane mancilla (botany), XI. 95,1 c (ill.). 
 
 Hippo'nax, Greek poet, VIII. 741. 
 
 Hippo Regius: see Hippo. 
 
 IIippopot'amus, animal, VIII. 741 (ill.). 
 
 Hippoti'gris , animal, XVI. 808, 1 a. 
 
 Hippotox'otce, mounted archers, I. 739, 1 b. 
 
 Hippo Zarytus: see Bizerta. 
 
390 
 
 IIIPPURIC 
 
 HOCK 
 
 Hippu'ric acid , II. 545, 1 c. 
 
 Hira [he'-ra], kingdom of, I. 621, 1 b. 
 ffira-Tcana [he-ra-ka'-na], form of Japanese 
 writing, IX. 548, 2 a (ill., 549). 
 
 Hiram, township of Ohio, VIII. 743. Hiram 
 college, 1 c. 
 
 Hiram , king of Tyre, referred to, XIII. 454, 
 
 1 b, 2 b; XVI. 97, 2 c. 
 
 Hiranyagarbha [he-ran-ya-gar'-b’ha], in Hin¬ 
 doo mythology, IX. 224, 2 c. 
 
 Hirata Atsutane [he-ra'-ta at-soo-ta'-na], Jap¬ 
 anese author, IX. 562, 1 be; 565, 1 b. 
 Hiring, in law, VIII. 743. 
 
 Hirpi'ni, ancient people of Italy, VIII. 744. 
 Hirsciibeeg [heersh'-bairg], Prussia, VIII. 744. 
 Hirst, Henry B., American poet, VIII. 744. 
 Hirtius, Aulus [hur'-shus], Roman statesman, 
 VIII. 744. 
 
 Hiru'do deco'ra (zoology), X. 310, 2 c. 
 Hirundin'idee (ornithology), XV. 498, 1 a. 
 Hirundo (ornithology), XV. 498, 1 a. H. hor- 
 reorum, 2 a (ill.). H. bicolor, 499, 1 b (ill.). 
 II. alpestris, I. 358, 2 b. II. esculenta, II. 
 657, 1 c; XV. 520, 2 b. 
 
 Hisinger [he'-zing-er], (Wilhelm, Swedish min¬ 
 eralogist, 1766-1852): see Chemistry, IV. 
 366, 2 b. 
 
 His'palis (Seville), XIV. 790, 2 c. 
 
 Hispania : see Spain, XV. 210, 1 a, 2 a. 
 Hispaniola : see Hayti. 
 
 Hispano-moresque style, of pottery, XIII. 780, 
 
 2 c. 
 
 Histle'a, ancient city of Euboea, VIII. 744. 
 Histol'ogy, microscopic anatomy, VIII. 744. 
 History , a form of drama, VI. 246, 1 c. 
 
 Histria: see I stria. 
 
 Hit, town of Turkey, VIII. 745. Fountains 
 of, II. 672, 1 c. 
 
 Hitchcock, county, VIII. 745. 
 
 Hitchcock, Edward, American geologist, VIII. 
 
 745. Investigations of fossil footprints, 746, 
 2 a; VII. 341, 2 ab; IX. 314, 2 a. Charles 
 H., his son, VIII. 746, 2 a. 
 
 Hitchcock, Ethan Allen, author, VIII. 746. 
 Hitchcock, Roswell Dwight, clergyman, VIII. 
 
 746. 
 
 Hitotsubashi [he-to-tsoo-ba'-she], shogun of 
 Japan, IX. 546, 1 be. 
 
 Hittorff, Jacques Ignace, French architect, 
 VIII. 747. 
 
 Hittites: see Egypt, VI. 460, 2 b; 462, 1 b, 2 a. 
 Hitzig, Ferdinand, Biblical critic, VIII. 747. 
 (Died 1875.) 
 
 Hive , glass , invention of, II. 452, 1 a. 
 
 Hives , the , disease, V. 517, 1 c. 
 
 WLassa : see Lassa. 
 
 Hoadley, Benjamin, English prelate, VIII. 
 
 747. Benjamin, physician, 2 b. John, cler¬ 
 gyman and poet, 2 c. 
 
 Hoang-hai [hwang-hT]: see Yellow Sea. 
 Hoang-ho, river: see China, IV. 442, 2 ab. 
 Hoar, Ebenezer Rockwood, American jurist, 
 VIII. 747. Samuel, 2 c. 
 
 IIoare, Sir Richard Colt, English topographer 
 and antiquary, VIII. 748. 
 
 IIoare, William, painter, VIII. 748. Prince, 
 artist and author, 1 c. 
 
 Hoazin [wa-seen'l, bird, XIII. 596, 1 a. 
 Ho'bart, John Henry, American bishop, VIII. 
 
 748. 
 
 Hobart Free college , VII. 668, 2 b. 
 
 Hobarton: see Hobart Town. 
 
 Hobart Pasha , admiral in the Turkish navy, 
 referred to, XVI. 60, 2 a. 
 
 Hobart Town, capital of Tasmania, VIII. 748. 
 IIob'bema, Minderhout, Dutch painter, VIII. 
 
 749. 
 
 Hobbes, Thomas, English philosopher, VIII. 
 749. On international law, X. 223, 1 b. See 
 Moral Philosophy, XI. 807, 1 b, 811, 2 ab; 
 Philosophy, XIII. 430, 1 a, 432, 1 b, 440, 2 b. 
 Hobbima: see Hobbema. 
 
 Hobble-bush , plant, XVI. 339, 1 a. 
 
 Hobbs's “ protector ” (lock), X. 563, 2 a (ill.). 
 Hobby, bird, VIII. 750 (ill.). 
 
 Hobgoblins: see Fairies, VII. 65, 1 b. 
 Hobhoiise, John Cam, Lord Broughton, English 
 author, VIII. 750. 
 
 HoblcirFs Hill, battle of, alluded to, III. 647, 
 2 c; VIII. 229, 2 c. 
 
 Hobnailed liver, disease, VI. 266, 1 b. 
 Ho'boken, city of Xew Jersey, VIII. 750. 
 Hocco, bird, V. 580, 2 c. 
 
 Hoch, or Hock [ho k h, hok]: see ^Epinus. 
 Hoche, Lazare [ush], French soldier, VIII. 751. 
 IIochelaga [ho-sha-lV-ga], county of Canada, 
 VIII. 751. 
 
 Hochelaga, Indian name of Montreal, IV. 41,1 a. 
 Hochelagas, tribe of Indians, IX. 79, 1 be. 
 Hochheim [ho k h'-hime]: see Germany, Wines 
 of, VII. 773, 1 c. 
 
 IIociikirch [ho k h'-keer c h], village of Saxony, 
 VIII. 752. Battle of, ib. 
 
 Hochst, town of Prussia, VIII. 752. Battle 
 of, ib. 
 
 Hochstadt [ho k h'-stet], town of Bavaria, VIII 
 752. Battle of: see Blenheim. 
 
 Hock : see Germany, Wines of, VII. 773, 1 c. 
 
HOCKING 
 
 HOLINGSHED 
 
 391 
 
 Hocking, county, VIII. 752. 
 
 Hocking, or Hockhocking, river, VIII. 752. 
 
 Hodeida [ho-da'-da], seaport, Arabia, VIII. 752. 
 
 Hodesh haabib [ha'-bib]: see Abib. 
 
 Hodge, Charles, American theologian, VIII. 
 752 (died 1878). Archibald Alexander, cler¬ 
 gyman, 2 c. 
 
 Hodgeman, county, VIII. 753. 
 
 IIodges, William, English painter, VIII. 753. 
 
 Hodgkinson, Eaton, English physicist, VIII. 
 753. Investigations of the properties of 
 iron, lb; II. 413, 2 be. 
 
 Hodgson, John E., English painter, VIII. 753. 
 
 Hod-Mezo- Vasdrhely: see Vasarhely. 
 
 Hodur , Hodr , in Norse mythology, II. 237, 
 2 b; XII. 120, 1 a. 
 
 Hoeks [hooks], Dutch party, VIII. 765, 1 c. 
 
 IIoeven, Jan van der [lioo'-ven], Dutch natu¬ 
 ralist, VIII. 753. 
 
 Hof [hofe], town of Bavaria, VIII. 753. 
 
 Hofer, Andreas, Tyrolese patriot, VIII. 753. 
 
 Hoffman, Charles Fenno [huf'-man], American 
 author, VIII. 754. 
 
 Hoffman, David, lawyer, VIII. 754. 
 
 Hoffman, Hurray, jurist, VIII. 754. (D. 1878.) 
 
 Hoffmann, Daniel [hu.f'-man], German clergy¬ 
 man, VIII. 754. 
 
 Hoffmann, Ernst Theodor Wilhelm (Amadeus), 
 author, VIII. 755. 
 
 Hoffmann , Franz , mystic, II. 177, 2 c. 
 
 Hoffmann, Friedrich, physician, VIII. 755. 
 
 Hoffmann's annular brick furnace , III. 267, 
 2 a (ill.). 
 
 IIoffmannsegg, Johann Centurius, count, bot¬ 
 anist, VIII. 755. 
 
 Hoffmann von Fallersleben, August Hein¬ 
 rich [fon fal'-lerce-la-ben], poet, VIII. 755. 
 
 Hofhuf [hofe'-hoof], city of Arabia, VIII. 756. 
 
 IIofland, Barbara, English authoress, VIII. 756. 
 
 Hofler, Karl Adolph Konstantin, German his¬ 
 torian, VIII. 756. 
 
 Hofmann, August Wilhelm [hofe'-man], chem¬ 
 ist, VIII. 756. Investigations and discover¬ 
 ies in chemistry, 2 ab; IV. 369, 2 a. 
 
 Hofwyl [hofe'-vil]: see Fellenberg. 
 
 Hog, VIII. 756. Chinese, 757, 2 a (ill.); ori¬ 
 ginal old English (ill.); Neapolitan, 2 b; 
 improved Berkshire, ib. (ill.); improved Es¬ 
 sex, 2 c (ill., 758). Other breeds, 758, 1 b. 
 Fossil hogs, 2 a. See Boar. Mexican hog 
 (collared peccary), XIII. 221, 2 a. 
 
 Hogan, John, Irish sculptor, VIII. 758. 
 
 Ho'garth, George, English writer on music, 
 VIII. 759. 
 
 Hogarth, William, painter, VIII. 759. His 
 “Analysis of Beauty,” 2 be. Madhouse 
 picture: see Bedlam, II. 450, 1 a. 
 
 IIogg, James, Scottish poet, VIII. 760. 
 
 Hogging , of a ship, XIV. 861, 1 be. 
 
 Hog-steer : see Boar, II. 764, 2 a. 
 
 Hogshead, measure of capacity, VIII. 760. 
 Hogue, La [la oag]: see Cape la Hague. 
 IIoiienlinden [ho'-en-lin-den], village of Ba¬ 
 varia, VIII. 760. Battle of, 2 c. 
 
 IIoHENLonE [ho'-en-lo-Sh], German princely 
 family, VIII. 761. Friedrich Ludwig, gen¬ 
 eral, 1 c. Alexander Leopold Franz Em¬ 
 merich, priest, 2 a; miraculous cures at¬ 
 tributed to him, 2 ab. Chlodwig Karl Vic¬ 
 tor, statesman, 2 b. 
 
 IIohenstaufen [ho'-en-stow-fen], German 
 family of princes, VIII. 761. Hohenstaufen 
 dynasty in Germany, VII. 753, 1 b. Origin 
 of the enmity between the Hohenstaufens 
 and the papal see, I. 131, 2 c. 
 
 Hohenzollern [ho'-en-tsul-lern], territory of 
 Germany, VIII. 762. 
 
 Hohenzollern, German princely family, VIII. 
 
 762. Castle, 2 ab (ill.). Frankish branch, 
 2 c. Swabian, ib. Prince Charles Anthony, 
 
 763, 1 b. Prince Leopold, ib. ; proposed as 
 a candidate for the Spanish throne, 1 be; 
 French protest against it, ib ., and II. 517, 2 c. 
 Charles, VIII. 763, 1 c (see Charles I., of 
 Roumania). Anthony, ib. Frederick, ib. 
 
 Hokandikah , Indians, XV. 6, 2 b. 
 
 Holbach, Paul Henri Thyry (or Dietrich) d’ 
 [dole-bilk], baron, French philosopher, VIII. 
 
 763. See Moral Philosophy, XL 812, 2 b. 
 Referred to, XIII. 441, 2 ab. 
 
 Holbein, Hans, or Johann [hole'-bine], Ger¬ 
 man painter, VIII. 764. His “Dance of 
 Death,” V. 663, 2 b. 
 
 IIolberg, Ludvig, baron [hole'-bairg], Danish 
 dramatist, VIII. 764; VI. 18, 1 a. 
 
 Holborn viaduct , London, X. 594, 1 ab. 
 Holbrook, John Edwards, American naturalist, 
 VIII. 764. Classification of reptiles, 695,1 b. 
 Holcke [hole'-keh], confidant of Christian VII. 
 
 of Denmark, IV. 528, 2 ab. 
 
 Holcon'otus (ichthyology), VII. 239, 2 c. 
 IIolcroft, Thomas, English dramatist, VIII. 
 
 764. 
 
 Holda, in Northern mythology, XII. 120, 2 a. 
 “Holding the breath ,” in children, V. 518, 2 be. 
 Holger Danske [hole'-gher dan'-skeh], legend 
 of, VI. 554, 1 c. 
 
 Holingshed: see Holinshed. 
 
392 
 
 HOLINSHED 
 
 HOLY 
 
 Holinshed, Raphael [hol'-inz-hed], English 
 chronicler, VIII. 765. 
 
 Holland, division of the Netherlands, VIII. 
 
 765. North, province, 1 c. South, 2 b. 
 Holland, Sir Henry, physician, VIII. 765. 
 Holland, Henry Richard Vassall, baron, states¬ 
 man, VIII. 766. 
 
 Holland, Josiah Gilbert, American author, 
 VIII. 766. 
 
 Holland, Sir Nathaniel Dance, artist, VIII. 767. 
 Holland, Philemon, scholar, VIII. 767. 
 Hollander , engine, in paper making, XIII. 46, 
 
 1 b (ills.). 
 
 Holland house , VIII. 766, 2 a; VII. 361, 1 be. 
 Holland land company , allusion to, III. 416,1 c. 
 Hollands , gin, VII. 813, 2 c; XIV. 671, 1 c. 
 Hollands , linen, VIII. 362, 2 a. Origin of the 
 name, II. 703, 2 a. 
 
 Hollar, Wenzel, Bohemian engraver, VIII. 767. 
 Holle [hol'-leh], defile, Black Forest, II. 679,1 a. 
 Holle [hul'-leh], in Norse mythology, XII. 
 120, 2 a. 
 
 Hol'lidaysburg, Pennsylvania, VIII. 767. 
 Hollins, George N., American naval officer, 
 VIII. 767. (Died 1878.) 
 
 Hollis, Thomas, benefactor of Harvard col¬ 
 lege, VIII. 767. Two others, 768, 1 a. 
 Holloway, Thomas, engraver, VIII. 768. 
 Holly, tree, VIII. 768. American, 1 b (ill.). 
 European, 2 b (ill.) ; varieties, 2 c. Dahoon 
 holly, 769, 1 be. 
 
 Hollyhock, plant, VIII. 769 (ill.). 
 
 Hollynshed: see Holinshed. 
 
 Holly oak , XII. 557, 2 c. 
 
 Holly Springs , county seat, XI. 198, 2 a. De¬ 
 struction of army stores at, VIII. 158, 1 c. 
 Holm [holm], kind of oak, XII. 557, 2 c. 
 Holman, James, blind traveller, VIII. 770. 
 Holmboe, Christopher Andreas [holm'-bo-Sh], 
 Norwegian philologist, VIII. 770. 
 
 Holmes [homes], three counties, VIII. 770. 
 Holmes, Abiel, American clergyman, VIII. 770. 
 
 His “ Annals,” XVI. 191, 1 b. 
 
 Holmes, George Frederick, educator, VIII. 771. 
 Holmes, John, Canadian author, VIII. 771. 
 Holmes, Oliver Wendell, American author, 
 VIII. 771; XVI. 198, 2 b, 197,1 ab, 200, 2 a. 
 Holmesdale , Viscount , I. 424, 2 c. 
 
 Holmesville , county seats, I. 602,1 c; XIII. 511, 
 
 2 a. 
 
 Holofer'nbs , Assyrian general, IX. 702, 1 c. 
 Iloloph'otal reflectors: see Optics, XII. 657,1 c. 
 Holoptychius [hol-op-tik'-e-us], (fossil ichthy¬ 
 ology), VII. 616, 2 c. H. Hibberti, ib. 
 
 Holothu’ria (echinodermata), XIV. 727, 2 a. 
 
 H. lutea (ill.), ib. Other species, 728, 1 c, ff. 
 Holotiiurians : see Sea Cucumber. 
 
 Ilolsatia: see Holstein. 
 
 Holst, Hans Peder; Danish poet, VIII. 772. 
 Holstein [hole'-stine], former duchy, VIII. 
 
 772. See Schleswig-Holstein. 
 
 Holstein , duke c/(Gustavus IV.), VIII. 341, 1 a. 
 Holstein- Gluckstadt , family of: see Schleswig- 
 Holstein, XIV. 676, 2 c. Holstein-Gottorp, 
 ib. Holstein-Sonderburg, ib ., and II. 111,2 a. 
 Holston, river of Tennessee, VIII. 772. 
 
 Holt, two counties, VIII. 773. 
 
 Holt, Sir John, English jurist, VIII. 773. 
 Holt, Joseph, American statesman, VIII. 773. 
 Holton , county seat, IX. 484, 2 b. 
 
 Hol'ty, Ludwig Heinrich Christoph, German 
 poet, VIII. 773. 
 
 Holtz's electrical machine , VI. 505, 2 c (ills., 
 506). 
 
 IIoltzendorff, Franz von [fon holts'-en-dorf], 
 German jurisconsult, VIII. 773. 
 
 Holwell , Mr. : see Black Hole. 
 
 Holy Alliance, VIII. 773; IX. 46, 2 c. Pol¬ 
 icy of, VII. 420, 2 a. Referred to, I. 224, 
 2 a, 283, la; II. 145, 2 b and c (Austria). 
 Holy communion : see Lord’s Supper, X. 638,1 a. 
 Holy Friday , VIII. 101, 1 a. 
 
 Holy Ghost : see Trinity. 
 
 Hol'yhead, town of Wales, VIII. 774. New 
 harbor of refuge, 2 a (ilk). 
 
 Holy hill , the : see Zion, XVI. 828, 2 a. 
 
 Holy of holies , XV. 550, 2 c. 
 
 Holy league , the , against Louis XII., VII. 382, 
 
 1 a; X. 655, 1 b; IX. 712, 2 a. Catholic 
 union in France, VII. 382, 2 be; VIII. 315, 
 
 2 c. War of the, in Spain, I. 132, 1 a. 
 
 Holy maid of Kent, II. 352, 2 b. 
 
 IIolyoake, George Jacob [hole'-yoke], English 
 
 reformer, VIII. 774. 
 
 Holy office : see Inquisition. 
 
 Holyoke, city of Massachusetts, VIII. 775. 
 Holyoke, EdAvard Augustus, American cente¬ 
 narian, VIII. 775. 
 
 Holy orders : see Orders (Index). 
 
 Holyrood abbey , ruins of, VI. 406, 1 b. 
 Holyrood Palace : see Edinburgh, VI. 405, 
 1 b, 406, 1 b. 
 
 Holy Saturday , VI. 374, 2 a; VIII. 776, 2 be. 
 Holy Sepulchre , church of the, IX. 615, 2 c 
 (ill., 616). Locality of the, ib. ; described, 
 617, 1 a. 
 
 Holy Spirit : see Trinity. 
 
 Holy Spirit Plant, VIII. 775 (ill.). 
 
HOLY 
 
 HOXT 
 
 393 
 
 Holy Thursday , I. 804, 1 b. 
 
 Holy Week, VIII. 770. 
 
 Hol'ywell, borough of Wales, VIII. 776. 
 Holy Writings: see IIagiographa. 
 
 Homage: see Feudal System, VII. 161, 2 a. 
 Homalop'tera (entomology), VI. 130, 1 c. 
 Homa'rus (zoology), X. 560, 2 b. H. Amcri- 
 canus, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Homburg [home'-boorg], town of Prussia, VIII. 
 
 777. Province: see Hesse-Homburg. 
 Home, Daniel Dunglas, spiritualist, VIII. 777. 
 Home, Sir Everard, surgeon, VIII. 777. See 
 Hunter, John, IX. 72, 1 c. 
 
 Home, Henry, Lord Kames: see Ivames. 
 
 Home, John, Scottish author, VIII. 777. 
 Homer, Greek poet, VIII. 778, The Iliad, 
 2 c. The Odyssey, 779, 1 b. Theories re¬ 
 specting the contents of the poems, 1 c; 
 respecting their origin, 2 c; text of, 780, 
 2 a; works on, 781, 1 c; editions of, 2 b. 
 Homer , county seats, I. 493, 2 c; II. 285, 2 b ; 
 IV. 627, 2 c. 
 
 Homerites: see Himyarites, VIII. 735, 1 ab. 
 Homeromas'tix: see Zoilus. 
 
 Home rule league , in Ireland, IX. 361, 1 a. 
 Homestead, VIII. 781; II. 542, 2 be ; V. 194, 2 c. 
 Homicide, VIII. 782. Justifiable and excu¬ 
 sable homicide, 1 b. 
 
 Hominy : see Maize, XI. 43, 2 c. 
 
 Hommaire de Hell, Ignace Xavier Morand 
 [um-mair dull 61], traveller, VIII. 783. 
 TIomoceroal : see IIeterocercal. 
 Homceop'atiiy, system of medicine, VIII. 783. 
 Origin of, 379, 1 ab. Referred to, I. 334, 
 2 a (Allopathy). 
 
 “ Homogeneous metal” IX. 368, 2 c. 
 
 Homogen'esis: see Bacterium, II. 208, 1 b. 
 Homog'raphy , principle of, in geometry, VII. 
 702, 1 c. 
 
 Homoiousians , Semi-Arians, I. 700, 2 a; VIII. 
 786, 2 a. 
 
 Homoousians [ho-mo-oo'-ze-ans], orthodox 
 Christians, VIII. 786. 
 
 TIomop'tera : see Hemiptera, VIII. 629, 1 c. 
 Hompesch, Ferdinand von, last grand master 
 of the order of St. John, VIII. 786. 
 
 Homs, city of Syria, VIII. 786. 
 
 Hon'do [Sp. oan'-do], rivers, VI. 305, 1 a; 
 VIII. 792, 1 b. 
 
 Honduras [hon-doo'-ras], republic of Central 
 America, VIII. 787 (map). Coasts, 1 a. 
 Surface, 788, 1 a. Rivers, 2 a. Mines, 789, 
 
 1 b. Climate, 2 a. Soil and productions, 
 
 2 b. Fauna, 2 c. Agriculture, 790, 1 b. 
 
 Manufactures and commerce, 1 c. Internal 
 communication, 2 a. Population, 2 b. Gov¬ 
 ernment, 2 c. Education, 791, 1 b. His¬ 
 tory, 1 c. 
 
 Honduras, Bay of, VIII. 791. 
 
 Honduras, British, VIII. 791. 1 
 
 Hone, William, English author, VIII. 793. 
 IIonesdale, borough of Pennsylvania, VIII. 793. 
 “Honest criminal , the: ” see Fabre, Jean. 
 Honey, VIII. 793. Adulteration of, 794, 1 b. 
 Honey of Hybla, II. 164, 1 ab, IX. 102, 2 b; 
 of llymettus, 134, 2 a. 
 
 Honey Ant, VIII. 794. 
 
 Honey bear , XIII. 793, 1 a. 
 
 Honey Bee : see Bee. 
 
 “Honey of canes: ” see Sugar, XV. 444, 1 c. 
 Honeycomb bag , in ruminants, XIV. 467, 2 c. 
 Honey Dew, VIII. 794; II. 454, 1 c. Of the 
 aphis, I. 583, 2 a. 
 
 Honey Guide, bird, VIII. 794 (ill., 795). 
 Honey Locust, tree, VIII. 795 (ill.). 
 Honeysuckle, shrub, VIII. 795. Trumpet 
 honeysuckle, 796, 1 a (ill.). Other kinds, 
 
 1 b. Fly, upright, or bush honeysuckles, 
 
 2 b; II. 173, 1 a; XVI. 536, 2 c. 
 
 Honfleur [o nE -fluhr], town of France, VIII. 796. 
 Hong, Chinese for foreign factory, VIII. 797. 
 
 Hong merchants, 1 b. 
 
 Hong Kong, British colony in China, VIII. 
 
 797 (view, 798). City of Victoria, 2 b. 
 
 Honi soit qui mal y pense [o-ne swa ke mal e 
 pa ng s], motto, VII. 631, 2 be. 
 
 IIoniton [hun'-e-tun], town of England, VIII. 
 
 798. Honiton lace, 799, la; X. 79, 1 c. 
 Honolulu [-loo'-loo], capital of the Hawaiian 
 Islands, VIII. 799. Parliament house (ill.). 
 Honorable ordinaries, in heraldry, VIII. 672,1 b. 
 Honoratus, Saint (archbishop of Arles about 
 426-’9), founder of the abbey of Lerins 
 (about 410), X. 364, 1 a. 
 
 “ Honored ,” on a bill of exchange or draft, I. 
 57, 1 a. 
 
 Honokius, name of four popes and one anti¬ 
 pope. I., VIII. 799, 2 c. His connection 
 with the Monothelite heresy, 800, 1 a. (II.), 
 Pietro Cadalao, antipope, 2 a. II., Lamberto 
 di Fagnano, ib. III., Cencio Savelli, 801, 
 1 a. IV., Giacomo Savelli, 1 b. 
 
 Honoeius, Flavius, Roman emperor, VIII. 801. 
 See Attalus, II. 92, 2 c; Western Empire, 
 XVI. 563, 1 c, ff. 
 
 Honor point, in heraldry, VIII. 671, 2 a. (See 
 plate.) 
 
 Hont, county of Hungary, VIII. 801. 
 
394 
 
 HONTHEIM 
 
 HOPPIN 
 
 Hontheim, Johann Nicolaus von [hont'-hime], 
 German jurisconsult, VIII. 801. 
 
 Hood, county, VIII. 801. 
 
 Hood, John B., American soldier, VIII. 802. 
 Hood, Robin, English outlaw, VIII. 802. 
 Hood, Samuel, viscount, admiral, VIII. 802. 
 Alexander, Viscount Bridport, rear admiral, 
 
 803. 1 ab. 
 
 Hood, Thomas, English poet, VIII. 803. 
 Hooft, Pieter Corneliszoon [hoaft], Dutch his¬ 
 torian and poet, VIII. 803. 
 
 Hoogly, river, Bengal,VIII. 804 ; VII. 609, 2 b. 
 Hoogly, district, VIII. 804. Town, 1 c. 
 Hoogstraaten , Jacob [hoag'-stra-ten], obscuran¬ 
 tist, VI. 693, 1 ab. 
 
 Hook, Theodore Edward, English author, VIII. 
 
 804. 
 
 Hook, Walter Farquhar, clergyman, VIII. 805. 
 Hoolcah, pipe, XIII. 535, 2 c. 
 
 Hooke, Nathaniel, British historian, VIII. 805. 
 Hooke, Robert, English mathematician, VIII. 
 
 805. His recoil escapement, IV. 698, 1 h 
 (ill.). On the nature of fossils, VII. 688,1 h. 
 His theory of light, X. 435, 2 c; XII. 347, 
 1 ab. “Discourse on Earthquakes,” VII. 
 688, 1 b. Claim to the discovery of the law 
 of gravitation, XII. 348, 1 ab; to the inven¬ 
 tion of the spiral spring applied to the bal¬ 
 ance wheel of watches, IX. 98, 1 ah. 
 
 Hooker, Joseph, American soldier, VIII. 805. 
 See Antietam, Chancellorsville, Chatta¬ 
 nooga, Ciiickahominy, Fredericksburg, Bat¬ 
 tle of, and Gettysburg. 
 
 Hooker, Joseph Dalton, English botanist, VIII. 
 
 806. On the “ survival of the fittest,” VII. 
 14, 1 ab. 
 
 Hooker, Richard, divine and author, VIII. 806. 
 Hooker , Robert , chemist, III. 173, 2 be. 
 Hooker, Thomas, one of the founders of Con¬ 
 necticut, VIII. 806. 
 
 Hooker, Sir William Jackson, English bota¬ 
 nist, VIII. 807. 
 
 Hooker, Worthington, American physician, 
 VIII. 807. 
 
 Hoole, John, English translator, VIII. 807. 
 Hoolock , a variety of ape, VII. 796, 2 a. 
 
 Hoop , in dress, VII. 92, 2 c (Farthingale). 
 Hoop ash , tree, VIII. 365, 2 b. 
 
 Hooper, John, English prelate, VIII. 807 ; VI. 
 139, 1 c. 
 
 Hooper, William, a signer of the Declaration 
 of Independence, VIII. 808. 
 
 Hooping Cough : see Whooping Cough. 
 Hoopoe, bird, VIII. 808 (ill.); VI. 455, 2 c. 
 
 Hoorn [hoarn], town, Netherlands, VIII. 808. 
 
 Hoorne [hoar'-neh]: see Horn, Philip. 
 
 Hoosac mountains , XI. 247, 1 a, 2 ab. 
 
 Hoosao Tunnel: see Tunnel, XVI. 35, 1 c. 
 Western terminus, I. 82, 2 a. 
 
 Hop, plant, VIII. 808 (ill., 809). Cultivation, 
 809, 2 a. Lupuline, 810, 1 ab (ilk). Medi¬ 
 cal use, 1 c. Production, 2 ab. 
 
 Hop back , of a brewery, III. 260, 2 a. 
 
 Hope , James Robert (Hope-Scott), son-in-law 
 of Lockhart, X. 569, 1 b. 
 
 Hope, Thomas, English author, VIII. 810. 
 Henry Thomas, politician, 811, 1 a. Alex¬ 
 ander James Beresford Beresford-Hope, 
 statesman and author, ib. 
 
 Hope, Thomas Charles, Scottish chemist, VIII. 
 811. 
 
 Hope and Company, bankers, VIII. 811. Hope 
 certificates, 2 a. 
 
 Hope college , Michigan, XI. 504, 1 c (table); 
 XIV. 258, 1 c. 
 
 Hope-Scott , X. 569, 1 b. 
 
 Hopewell , county seat, I. 250, 2 c. 
 
 Hop hornbeam: see Hornbeam, VIII. 819, 2 c. 
 
 Hophra , of the Bible, I. 606, 1 c. 
 
 Hopkins, two counties, VIII. 811. 
 
 Hopkins, Edward, governor of Connecticut 
 colony, VIII. 811. 
 
 Hopkins, Esek, naval officer, VIII. 812. 
 
 Hopkins , Hr. G. S., on the causes of disease in 
 Andersonville prison, I. 474, 2 c. 
 
 Hopkins , John: see Sternhold, XV. 378, 2 b. 
 
 Hopkins, John Henry, bishop, VIII. 812. 
 
 Hopkins , Johns : see Baltimore, II. 255, 1 ab. 
 
 Hopkins, Lemuel, poet, VIII. 812. 
 
 Hopkins, Mark, scholar, president of Williams 
 college, VIII. 812; XI. 815, 2 c. 
 
 Hopkins, Samuel, theologian, VIII. 813 ; XI. 
 815, 2 b. Referred to, XIII. 447, 1 b; XVI. 
 191, 1 c. 
 
 Hopkins, Stephen, a signer of the Declaration 
 of Independence, VIII. 813. Account of 
 him by John Adams, 2 be. 
 
 TIopkinson, Francis, a signer of the Declaration 
 of Independence, VIII. 814. Joseph, jurist, 
 author of “ Hail Columbia,” 1 b. 
 
 Hopkinsville, city of Kentucky, VIII. 814. 
 
 Hopli'tce , Greek heavy infantry, I. 738, 2 b. 
 
 Hop oast , kiln, VIII. 809, 2 b. 
 
 Hopper , in a pianoforte, XIII. 491, 1 a. 
 
 Hoppe-Seyler [hup'-peh-zi-ler], on albumen, 
 I. 256, 1 b. 
 
 Hoppin, Augustus, American artist, VIII. 814 
 Thomas F., designer, 2 b. 
 
HOP 
 
 HORSE-SIIOE 
 
 395 
 
 Hop Tree, VIII. 814 (ill., 815). 
 
 Hop yard, horizontal, VIII. 809, 2 c. 
 
 IIor, in Biblical geography, VIII. 815. 
 
 Horace (Quintus Horatius Elaccus), Roman 
 poet, VIII. 815; X. 195, 2 a. Referred to, 
 XIV. 746, 2 c. 
 
 IIor.e, in mythology, VIII. 816. 
 
 Horafo'ras, I. 384, 1 b. See Haraforas. 
 
 IIo'vary circles: see Hour Circles. 
 
 Horatii [ho-ra'-she-i], (three Roman brothers, 
 who slew three Alban brothers, Curiatii, 
 champions of their respective armies; one 
 of the former alone surviving, who killed his 
 sister for lamenting her lover slain by him): 
 see Alba Longa. 
 
 Horatius Codes : see Cocles. 
 
 Horchen [hor'- k hen]: see Horgen. 
 
 Hordeince [hor-de-i'-ne], (botany), structure of, 
 XVI. 585, 2 c. 
 
 Hor'deum (botany), II. 315, 2 b. H. vulgare 
 and H. hexasticlium, 316, 1 a (ill., 315). H. 
 distichum, ib. (ill.). See III. 257, 1 he. 
 
 Horeb : see Sinai. 
 
 Horeiiound, plant, VIII. 816 (ill.). 
 
 Horgen [hor'-ghen], Switzerland, VIII. 816. 
 
 Hor'icon (Lake George), VII. 713, 1 b. 
 
 IIo'rites, inhabitants of Mt. Seir, VIII. 816. 
 
 Hori'zon, VIII. 816. Artificial horizon, 2 c. 
 Horizon of a picture, VI. 251, 1 a. 
 
 Horizon glass , fore, XIV. 122, 1 c; back, 2 a. 
 
 Hormayr, Joseph, baron [hor'-mire], Tyrolese 
 patriot and historian, VIII. 817. 
 
 Hormuz : see Ormuz. 
 
 Horn, of animals, VIII. 817. Determination 
 of age by the growth of, I. 183, 1 c. 
 
 Horn, musical instrument, VIII. 818. Russian 
 horn, 1 c; improvements in : see Maresch. 
 
 Horn, Cape: see Cape Horn. 
 
 Horn, Gustaf, count, Swedish general, VIII. 
 818. 
 
 Horn, Philip II. de Montmorency - Nivelle, 
 count, Flemish statesman, VIII. 818. 
 
 Horn , IF. 0. von , pseudonyme : see Oertel. 
 
 Horn of Amalthcea: see Cornucopia. 
 
 Hornbeam, tree, VIII. 819 (ill.). Hop horn¬ 
 beam, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Horn beetle, XV. 302, 2 a. 
 
 Hornbill, bird, VIII. 820 (ills.). 
 
 Hornblende, mineral species, VIII. 821. 
 
 Horn bug , XV. 302, 2 c. 
 
 Horne, George, English bishop, VIII. 821. 
 
 Horne, John: see Tooke, John Horne. 
 
 IIorne, Richard Hengist, author, VIII. 821. 
 
 Horne^ Thomas Hartwell, author, VIII. 821. 
 
 Horned animals , mode of determining the ago 
 of, I. 183, 1 c. 
 
 Horned Frog, VIII. 822 (ills.). 
 
 Horned helmet, cameo shell, III. 652, 2 a. See 
 Helmet Shell. 
 
 Horned pheasant, XV. 838, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Horned Pout : see Catfish, IV. 109, 2 a (ill.). 
 Horned toad: see Horned Frog. 
 Hornellsville, town of New York, VIII. 822. 
 IIornemann, Friedrich Konrad [hor'-neh-man], 
 German traveller, VIII. 822. 
 
 Horner, Francis, British statesman, VIII. 823. 
 Leonard, 1 b. 
 
 Hornet, insect, VIII. 823 (ill.). 
 
 Hornet, American man-of-war, X. 234, 1 b. 
 
 Action with the Peacock, 1 be. 
 
 Hornitos [ore-ne'-toce], volcanic mounds in 
 Mexico, IX. 686, 2 ab. 
 
 Hornpipe, wind instrument, VIII. 824. Name 
 of a tune and a dance, 1 ab. 
 
 Hornpipe, tree, II. 679, 1 c. 
 
 Horn of plenty: see Cornucopia, and I. 376, 
 
 1 c. 
 
 Horn silver, IV. 501, 2 a. 
 
 Horoscope: see Astrology, II. 43, 1 b. 
 IIorrox, or Ilorrocks, Jeremiah, English as¬ 
 tronomer, VIII. 824. 
 
 Horry, county, VIII. 824. 
 
 Horsa : see Hengist, and VI. 606, 2 c, 607, 1 a. 
 Horschelt, Theodor[hor'-shelt], German paint¬ 
 er, VIII. 824. 
 
 Horse, VIII. 824. Anatomy, 2 c. Character¬ 
 istics, 826, 2 b. Wild horses, 827, 1 c (ills.). 
 Arabian horse, 2 c (ill.). English race horse, 
 828, 1 b (ill.). Fossil horses, 1 c: see Hip- 
 parion. Age of the horse, I. 182, 2 ab*, 
 how determined, 183,1 a. See Barb, Turf, 
 and Veterinary Science. 
 
 Horsebacks, in coal mines, V. 67, 1 a. 
 
 Horse Chestnut, tree, VIII. 828 (ills.). 
 
 Horse Fly : see Diptera, VI. 129, 2 a. 
 
 Horse leech, X. 311, 1 b. 
 
 Horse Mackerel: see Tunny, XVI. 40, 1 a; 
 Bluefish, II. 757, 2 c. 
 
 Horsemanship, new principles of, II. 394, 2 a-b. 
 Horsemonger lane jail, London, X. 611, 2 c. 
 Horse nettle, XV. 155, 1 a. 
 
 Horsens, seaport town of Denmark, VIII. 830. 
 Horse Power, in machinery, VIII. 830. 
 
 Horse racing : see Turf. 
 
 Horse Radish, plant, VIII. 830 (ill., 831). 
 Horse Shoe, VIII. 831. Burden’s machines 
 for making, 2 ab. 
 
 Horse-shoe bend, Pennsylvania, I. 363, 2 a. 
 
396 
 
 HORSE-SHOE 
 
 HOUSSA 
 
 Horse-shoe crab: see King Crab, and V. 533, 
 2 be. 
 
 Horseshoe iron , superstition respecting, VII. 
 356, 1 c. 
 
 Horsetail, plant, VIII. 831 (ill., 832). 
 
 Horse weed , VII. 266, 1 ab. 
 
 Horse whim , machine, VIII. 830, 2 a. 
 IIorsfield, Thomas, English traveller and nat¬ 
 uralist, VIII. 832. 
 
 Horsley, John Callcott, painter, VIII. 832. 
 Horsley, Samuel, prelate and scholar, VIII. 832. 
 Horta [or'-ta], capital of Fayal, VIII. 832. 
 Horta'nes , phallic divinity, XIII. 380, 2 c. 
 IIortense, Queen [or-ta ng s]: see Beauiiarnais, 
 Hortense Eugenie. 
 
 Hortensia (botany), IX. 106, 2 c. 
 
 Horten'sis nive'a (botany), XVI. 537, 1 a. 
 Hortensius, Quintus, Roman orator, IX. 5. 
 Horticulture, IX. 5. 
 
 Hortulia (zoology), II. 762, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Horuk Barbarossa , I. 305, 2 a. See Barba- 
 rossa. 
 
 IIortus Siccus : see Herbarium. 
 
 IIorus, Egyptian god, IX. 6 ; I. 586, 2 a. 
 Horvath, Mihaly [hor'-vat], Hungarian histo¬ 
 rian, IX. 6. 
 
 Hos'ack, David, American physician, IX. 6. 
 Hosanna, Hebrew form of acclamation, IX. 7. 
 Hose, leathern, invention of, VII. 210, 2 ab. 
 Hose'a, Hebrew prophet, IX. 7. 
 
 Hosemann [ho'-z&h-man]: see Osiander. 
 Hosmer, Harriet G., American sculptor, IX. 7. 
 Hospice des Quinze Vingts [us-peece da ka ng z 
 va ng ], asylum for the blind, II. 715, 1 b. 
 Hospital, IX. 7. Military field hospitals, 2 be: 
 see Ambulance. Origin of hospitals, XI. 
 348,1 b. 
 
 Hospitalarii Sancti Spiritus, charitable order, 
 VII. 347, 1 be. 
 
 Hospitallers : see Saint John of Jerusalem, 
 Knights of. 
 
 Hospodar , Slavic title of rulers, V. 622, 2 c; 
 
 VII. 79, 2 ab; XIV. 782, 2 a; XVI. 433, 1 b. 
 Hossein [hos-sain'], son of the caliph Ali, III. 
 
 617, 1 a; XIII. 319, 2 c (Hussein). 
 Hossmann [huss'-man]: see Osiander. 
 
 Host: see Lord’s Supper, X. 639, 2 be. 
 Hot'bed, in gardening, IX. 7. 
 
 Hotel des Invalides [o-tel da za ng -v&-leed], XIII. 
 83, 2 b. 
 
 Hotel-Bieu[- de-iih], hospital, Paris, XIII. 85,2 c. 
 Hotel de mile [diih veel], of Paris, XIII. 83,1 c. 
 Hotel Rambouillet: see Rambouillet, mar¬ 
 chioness de. 
 
 Ho’tham , Sir John , II. 600, 2 b. 
 
 Hotho, Heinrich Gustav [ho'-to], German au¬ 
 thor, IX. 8. 
 
 Hot Bock , volcano, Celebes, IV. 168, 1 c. 
 
 Hot short , in iron making, IX. 371, 2 ab. 
 
 Hot springs , source of, I. 775, 1 c. 
 
 Hot Springs, county, IX. 8. 
 
 Hot Springs, town of Arkansas, IX. 8. 
 
 Hot'spur : see Percy, XIII. 285, 1 c. 
 
 Hottentots, African race, IX. 9. Hottentot 
 dialect, 1 c; I. 171, 1 b. Origin of the 
 name, III. 746, 1 a. 
 
 Hottentots’ Bread : see Tortoise Plant. 
 
 Hottentot’s Jig, plant, XI. 414, 2 ab. 
 
 Hottinger, Johann Heinrich [liut'-ting-er], 
 Swiss philologist, IX. 9. 
 
 Houdetot, Elisabeth Fran$oise Sophie d’, 
 countess [doo-duh-to], IX. 9. 
 
 Houdin, Robert [oo-da“ g ], conjurer, IX. 10. 
 
 Houdon, Jean Antoine [-do ng ], sculptor, IX. 10. 
 
 HouGnTON [ho'-tun], county, IX. 10. 
 
 Houghton, county seat, IX. 10, 2 c. 
 
 Hougiiton, Richard Monckton Milnes, lord, 
 English author, IX. 10. His kindness to 
 David Gray, VIII. 179, 2 a. 
 
 Houghton, William, clergyman and author, 
 IX. 11. 
 
 Hougoumont [oo-goo-mo ng ], chateau of: see 
 Waterloo, XVI. 505, 2 a and c. 
 
 Houlton [hole'-tun], county seat, I. 763, 1 b. 
 
 Houma [hoo'-ma], county seat, XV. 662,1 b. 
 
 Hound, IX. 11. English fox hound, 2 c (ill.). 
 See Beagle, Bloodhound, Dog, Greyhound, 
 and Harrier. 
 
 Hound, fish: see Shark, XIV. 828, 1 be. 
 
 Hound jish, VI. 183, 2 c; smooth hound, ib. 
 
 Hound’s tongue, plant, XVI. 261, 2 c. 
 
 Houns'low, town of England, IX. 12. Houns¬ 
 low heath, 1 b. 
 
 Hour, IX. 12. “Temporary hours,” 1 c. 
 
 Hour Circles, IX. 12. 
 
 IIouris [hoo'-riz], of the Mohammedan para¬ 
 dise, IX. 12. 
 
 Hours, in mythology: see Hor.e. 
 
 Hour wheel, of a clock or watch, IV. 700,1 be. 
 
 IIous atonic [hoo-sa-ton'-ik], river, IX. 12. 
 
 House of congregation, at Oxford, XII. 762, 1 b. 
 House of convocation, 1 c. 
 
 House of keys: see Man, Isle of, XI. 87, 1 a. 
 
 Houseleek, plant, IX. 12 (ills., 13). 
 
 Housemaids' 1 knee: see Tumor, XVI. 29, 1 c. 
 
 House snake: see Chicken Snake, IV. 420, 2 c. 
 
 Houssa [hows'-sa], country of Africa, IX. 13. 
 Houssa language, X. 406, 1 c. 
 
HOUSSAYE 
 
 HttBNER 
 
 397 
 
 IIoussaye, Arsene [oo-sa], French author, IX. 
 
 14. Henry, author, 1 c. 
 
 Houston [hu'-stun], four counties, IX. 14. 
 Houston, city of Texas, IX. 14. Market and 
 opera house, 15, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Houston , county seats, IY. 418, 2 a; XY. 496, 
 2 c; 679, 2 c; XVI. 673, 2 a. 
 
 Houston, Sam, American soldier and states¬ 
 man, IX. 15. 
 
 Houtman [howt'-man], brothers, II. 288, 2 ab. 
 Jlovas, tribe of Madagascar, X. 810, 2 ab; 811, 
 1 ab ; 812, 2 c. 
 
 Hoye'den, Roger de, English chronicler, IX. 17. 
 IIovey, Alvah [huv'-e], American theologian, 
 IX. 17. 
 
 Howard [ko-wa'-ra], inscription on brick pyra¬ 
 mid of, III. 265, 1 c. 
 
 Howard, eight counties, IX. 17. 
 
 Howard , Catharine , fifth wife of Henry VIII., 
 
 VIII. 653, 1 a; V. 460, 1 be. 
 
 Howard, Charles, lord, English admiral, IX. 18. 
 Howard , Lady Douglas , VI. 294, 1 c. 
 
 Howard , Frances , countess of Essex, VI. 736, 
 1 c; XII. 746, 1 be. 
 
 Howard, Henry, earl of Surrey: see Surrey. 
 Howard, John, English philanthropist, IX. 18. 
 His labors for prison reform, 19, 1 a; to 
 obtain information respecting quarantine 
 establishments, 1 c. Monument erected by 
 Alexander I. of Russia, 820, 1 be. 
 
 Howard, John Eager, soldier and governor of 
 Maryland, IX. 19. 
 
 Howard, Oliver Otis, American soldier, IX. 20. 
 Howard, Thomas, duke of Norfolk, English 
 statesman, IX. 20. 
 
 Howard, Thomas: see Arundel, earl of. 
 Howard , Lord William , III. 792, 2 be. 
 Howard University, Washington, IX. 20. 
 Howden , Lord (Colonel Caradoc), II. 217, 2 b. 
 IIowe, George Augustus, lord, British general, 
 
 IX. 21, 1 ab. Richard, earl, admiral, 1 b. 
 William, viscount, general, 2 a. His confer¬ 
 ence with Franklin, Adams, and Rutledge, 
 referred to, I. 88, 1 a; XIV. 502, 2 b. 
 
 nowE, Elias, American inventor, IX. 21. See 
 Sewing Machine. 
 
 Howe, John, English clergyman, IX. 21. 
 Howe, Samuel Gridley, American philanthro¬ 
 pist, IX. 22. His labors in behalf of the 
 blind and of idiots, 1 b; II. 718, 1 c; IX. 
 173, 2 c. (Died 1876.)—Julia Ward, poet 
 and reformer, IX. 22, 1 c. 
 
 Howell, county, IX. 22. 
 
 Howell , county seat, X. 545, 1 c. 
 
 Howell, James, English author, IX. 22. 
 
 Howells, William Dean, American author, 
 IX. 22. 
 
 Howitt, William, English author, IX. 22. Ma¬ 
 ry Botham, author, 23, 1 b. Anna Mary 
 and Margaret, authors, 1 be. 
 
 How-Howism , a religion invented by the New 
 Zealanders, XII. 414, 2 b. How-Hows, ib. 
 
 Howitzer : see Artillery, 1.786, 2 c ; Cannon, 
 III. 707, 1 c, 709, 2 a. 
 
 Howleglass: see Fairies, VII. 65, 1 c. 
 
 Howler , variety of monkey, XI. 750, 2 ab. 
 Brown howler, 2 c. 
 
 Howling whale , VI. 193, 1 a. 
 
 Howson, John Saul, English clergyman, IX. 23. 
 
 Howth, Hill of, Ireland, IX. 23. 
 
 Hoxter, town of Prussia, IX. 23. 
 
 Hoy a (botany), XVI. 516, 2 c. II. carnosa, 
 517, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 IIoyle, Edmund, writer on games, IX. 23. 
 
 Hrabanus Maurus : see Rabanus. 
 
 Hrolf, leader of the Northmen, XII. 498, 2 be. 
 
 Huaca [wa'-ka], Peruvian sepulchral mound, 
 IX. 23; I. 400, 2 be. 
 
 Huaco : see Guaco. 
 
 Hualca, Diego ) discoverer of the Potosi mines, 
 XV. 56, 1 c. 
 
 Huallaga [wa-lya'-ga], river of Peru, IX. 24. 
 
 Huamanga [wa-mang'-ga]: see Ayacucho. 
 
 Huancavelica [vvan-ka-va'-le-ka], department 
 of Peru, IX. 24. Capital city, 1 c. 
 
 Huanta [wan'-ta], town of Peru, IX. 24. 
 
 Huanuco [wa'-noo-ko], department of Peru, 
 IX. 24. Capital city, 2 b. 
 
 IIuaraz [wa-rass'], city of Peru, IX. 24. 
 
 Huascar [wass'-kar], inca of Cuzco, II. 50, 1 c; 
 XIII. 342, 2 c. 
 
 Huastecas [wass-ta'-kass]: see Quetzalcoatl. 
 
 Hubbard, William, American historian, IX. 24. 
 
 IIubbardton, town of Vermont, IX. 25. Bat¬ 
 tle of, 1 ab. 
 
 Hu'ber, Francois [Fr. ii-bair], Swiss naturalist, 
 IX. 25. His observations on bees, II. 452, 
 2 b; 453, 1 c, 2 b. Pierre, IX. 25, 2 ab. 
 
 Huber, Jean Rodolphe, Swiss painter, IX. 25. 
 
 IIuber, Johann Nepomuk [hoo'-ber], German 
 theologian, IX. 25. 
 
 PIuber, Marie, Swiss authoress, IX. 25. 
 
 Huber, Michael, German scholar, IX. 26. Lud¬ 
 wig Ferdinand, editor and author, 1 ab. 
 Therese, authoress, 1 b ; referred to, VII. 
 325,1 c. Victor Aim6, scholar and publicist, 
 IX. 26, 1 b. 
 
 Hub'ner, Karl, German painter, IX. 26. 
 
398 
 
 HtlBNER 
 
 HUMBOLDT 
 
 Hubner, Rudolf Julius Benno, painter, IX. 26. 
 Hue, Lvariste Regis [uk], French missionary 
 and traveller, IX. 26. 
 
 Huckaback , a coarse cloth, VIII. 632, 1 a. 
 Huckleberry: see Whortleberry. 
 
 Hud [hood], Arabian prophet, I. 620, 2 b. 
 Hud'dersfield, town of England, IX. 27. 
 Hudson, county of New Jersey, IX. 27. 
 Hudson, city of New York, IX. 28. 
 
 Hudson , former city of New Jersey, IX. 611,1 a. 
 Hudson, village of Ohio, IX. 28. 
 
 Hudson , county seat, XIV. 528, 2 c. 
 
 Hudson, Henry, British navigator, IX. 28; I. 
 
 669, lb; X. 73, 2 b; XVI. 151, 1 c. 
 Hudson, Henry Norman, American essayist, 
 IX. 29. 
 
 Hudson, Jeffery: see Dwarf, VI. 335, 2 c. 
 Hudson Bay, British America, IX. 29. 
 
 Hudson Bay company, XII. 503, 2 be, 504, 1 c; 
 VII. 535, 1 a. Dispute between it and the 
 United States, 1 c. 
 
 Hudson Bay Territory : see Northwest Ter¬ 
 ritories. 
 
 Hudson River, New York, IX. 29. 
 
 Hudson Strait, British America, IX. 30. 
 
 Hue [hwa], capital of Anam, IX. 30. 
 
 Hue and cry advertisements , I. 138, 1 a. See 
 Robbery, XIV. 355, 2 be. 
 
 Huelva [wail'-va], province of Spain, IX. 31. 
 Town, 1 ab. 
 
 Huerfano [wair'-fa-no], county, IX. 31. 
 Huesoa [wais'-ka], province of Spain, IX. 31. 
 Town, 1 c. 
 
 Huet, Pierre Daniel [u-a], scholar, IX. 31. 
 Hufeland, Christoph Wilhelm [hoo'-feh-lant], 
 German physician, IX. 31. System of mor¬ 
 tuary houses introduced by him, 2 c. 
 
 Hugel, Karl Alexander Anselm, baron [hii'- 
 ghel], German traveller, IX. 32. His collec¬ 
 tion of antiquities, &c., 1 ab. 
 
 Huger, Isaac [yu-jee'], American revolutionary 
 general, IX. 32. Francis Kinlock, 1 be. His 
 attempt to rescue Lafayette : see Bollmann. 
 Benjamin, confederate general, 1 c(d. 1877). 
 Huggins, William, English astronomer, IX. 32. 
 His observations in spectrum analysis, XV. 
 254,1 a-2 a; on the solar spectrum, 472, 2 a. 
 Hugh Capet [hu ka-pa'], king of France, IX. 
 32 ; III. 751, 2 c. 
 
 Hughes, Ball [huze], American sculptor, IX. 
 33. 
 
 Hughes, John, archbishop of New York, IX. 
 33. His opposition to the “ trustee system ” 
 of holding church property, 2 a; to the pub¬ 
 
 lic school system, 2 be. His political mis¬ 
 sion to Europe, 34, 1 c. 
 
 Hughes, Bev. Joseph, originator of the British 
 and foreign Bible society, II. 615,1 a and b. 
 
 Hughes, Thomas, English author, IX. 34. 
 
 Hughs, county, IX. 34. 
 
 Hugo, Cardinal , Latin concordance and divb 
 sion of the Gospels into chapters made by 
 him, II. 612, 1 a. 
 
 Hugo, Gustav [hoo'-go], German jurist, IX. 34. 
 
 Hugo, Victor Marie [ti-go], French author, IX. 
 35. His political career, 2 ab. Charles Victor, 
 36,1 c. Francois Victor, 2 a. Jules Abel, 2 b. 
 
 Huguenots, IX. 36. Origin of name, 2 be. 
 Conspiracy of Amboise, 37, 1 c; peace of 
 St. Germain, 2 b. Edict of Nantes, 2c; its 
 revocation, 38, 1 a, II. 347, 2 c. Camisards, 
 IX. 38, 1 a. Reformed church of France, 
 1 b. Colonies in North America, ib. ; in 
 Florida, XVI. 150, 1 b; massacred by the 
 Spaniards, ib.: see Ribault, and Menendez 
 de Ayiles. 
 
 Huia [hoo'-ya], New Zealand bird, XII. 410, 2 b. 
 
 Huitzilopochtli [weet-se-lo-poach'-tle], war god 
 of the Aztecs, XI. 474,1 c, 481, 2 c; 1.397,1 a. 
 
 Hulaku Khan [hoo-la-koo' kan], (died 1265), 
 XIII. 323, 1 c. 
 
 Huldrafolk, huldraslaat, VII. 64, 2 a. 
 
 Huleh [hoo'-leh], lake (Merom), IX. 683, 1 a. 
 
 Hulin, Pierre Augustin, count [u-la ng ], French 
 soldier, IX. 38. 
 
 Hull, in grains, XIII. 591, 2 a. 
 
 Hull, seaport of England, IX. 38 (ill., 39). 
 
 Hull, county seat, XII. 733, 1 b. 
 
 Hull, Isaac, American naval officer, IX. 39. 
 
 Hull, William, American soldier, IX. 40. 
 
 Hullah, John, English composer, IX. 40. 
 
 Hullin : see Hulin. 
 
 Hulshojf, Baroness [hiils'-huff]: see Droste. 
 
 Hultsch, Friedrich Otto [hooltsh], German 
 philologist, IX. 40. 
 
 Hulweh [hook-weli], Druse meeting house, VI. 
 274, 1 a. 
 
 Humane society of Massachusetts, its efforts in 
 behalf of the shipwrecked, X. 423, 1 b. 
 
 Humanistic school, of education, VI. 413, 2 c. 
 
 Human remains , prehistoric, VII. 198, 2 b. 
 
 Humayun [hoo-ma-yoon'], Mogul emperor, IX. 
 208, 1 c, 2 ab. 
 
 Humber, river of England, IX. 40. 
 
 Humblebee, II. 457, 1 c (ill.). Its muscular ac¬ 
 tivity, IX. 312, 2 ab. 
 
 Humboldt [hum'-bolt], three counties, IX. 40. 
 
 Humboldt, Friedrich Heinrich Alexander von, 
 
HUMBOLDT 
 
 HUNTER 
 
 399 
 
 baron [hoom'-bolt], German naturalist and 
 explorer, IX. 41. Expedition to America, 42, 
 1 b. Residence in Paris, 43, 1 a. Expedi¬ 
 tion to Asia, 2 a. Political career, 2 c. 
 Characteristics as a man of science, 44,1 ab. 
 His researches, 1 b. His principal works, 2 c. 
 Personal habits, 45, 2 a.—His observations on 
 isothermal lines: see Climate, IV. 679, 2 a; 
 682, 1 b, 2 a. Ascent of Chimborazo, 437, 
 
 1 a. Observations on eye stones, VII. 48, 
 
 2 be. First to call attention in Europe to 
 guano, VIII. 280, 2 a. 
 
 Humboldt, Karl Wilhelm von, baron, scholar 
 and diplomatist, IX. 45. His friendship with 
 Goethe, 46, 1 be. Diplomatic career, 2 a. 
 Political career, 2 ab. Contributions to 
 philology, 47, 1 ab. 
 
 Humboldt Grove , park in Berlin, II. 565, 2 be. 
 Humboldt River, Nevada, IX. 47. 
 
 Hume, Andrew , explorer, X. 326, 2 be. 
 
 Hume, David, Scottish historian, IX. 47. See 
 Moral Philosophy, XI. 441, 2 b; Philoso¬ 
 phy, XIII. 441, 2 b. On political economy, 
 XIII. 667, 2 b. On money, 2 c; XI. 666, 2 c. 
 Hume , John: see Home. 
 
 Hume, Joseph, British statesman, IX. 48. 
 Hume castle , referred to, II. 588, 1 a. 
 Humiliati , religious order, III. 108, 1 c. 
 Hummel, Johann Nepomuk [hoom'-mel], Ger¬ 
 man composer, IX. 49. 
 
 Humming Bird, IX. 49 (ills., 50, 51). 
 Hummocks, eminences in Florida, VII. 280, 2 b. 
 Hummocks of ice, IX. 149, 1 ab. 
 
 Humors, the four, XV. 633, 2 b. 
 
 Humphrey, Ileman, American clergyman, sec¬ 
 ond president of Amherst college, IX. 51; 
 I. 424, 1 a. 
 
 Humphreys, county, IX. 51. 
 
 Humphreys, Alexander, claimant of the earldom 
 of Stirling, I. 285, 2 ab. 
 
 Humphreys, Andrew Atkinson, American sol¬ 
 dier, IX. 51. 
 
 Humphreys, David, American poet, IX. 52. 
 Hums [hooms], city: see Homs. 
 
 Humulus lupulus (botany), III. 257,1 c; VIII. 
 808, 2 c (ill., 809). 
 
 Humus, vegetable mould, IX. 52; I. 195, 1 c, 
 196, 1 a, b; VI. 707, 1 b. 
 
 Humuya [oo-moo'-ya], river, Honduras, IX. 52. 
 Hunchback of Arras, trouv&re, I. 81, 1 c. 
 Hundred, subdivision of a shire, IX. 52. 
 Hundred, of nails, XII. 125, 2 c. 
 
 “ Hundred-guilder print f etching by Rem¬ 
 brandt, VI. 652, 1 b. 
 
 Hundred-horse chestnut, IV. 390, 2 c. 
 
 Hundred towers, city of a, XIII. 194,2 a (Pavia). 
 Hundred years ’ war: see France, VII. 381, 1 a. 
 IIunfalvy, Pal [hoon'-fol-ve], Hungarian phi¬ 
 lologist, IX. 52. Janos, geographer, 53, 1 a. 
 Hungarian millet or grass, XI. 556, 1 b, c (ill.). 
 Hungarian sisters: see Monster, XI. 765, 2 a. 
 Hungary, IX. 53. Physical features, 2 ab. 
 Climate, 2 c. Soil, productions, &c., 54, 1 a. 
 Population, 2 a; early inhabitants, 55, 1 c. 
 Education, 54, 2 b. Government, 2 c. Po¬ 
 litical divisions, 55, 1 b.—History, 1 c. Ar- 
 pad dynasty, 2 a; elective kings, 56, 2 b; 
 Hapsburgs, 57, 2 ab. Wars with the Turks, 
 
 1 ab, ff. Persecution of the Protestants, 
 
 2 c. Encroachments on the constitution, 58, 
 2 b and c. Oppressive privileges of the no¬ 
 bles, 59, 1 a. Political reforms, 1 c. Revo¬ 
 lution, 60, 1 a; suppressed, 61, 1 b. Dual- 
 istic system established, 2 c; II. 141, 2 b. 
 
 Hungary, Language and Literature of, IX. 62. 
 Literature, 64, 1 ab. 
 
 Hungary water, perfume, XIII. 288, 2 b. 
 Hungary, Wines of, IX. 66. 
 
 Hunger, IX. 67. 
 
 Hunger pest, disease so called, VII. 169, 1 b. 
 Hungry Hill, cataract of, Ireland, II. 289, 2 a. 
 Hung Siu-tsuen, Chinese rebel, IV. 463, 2 b. 
 Hunni'ades, John : see Hunyady. 
 
 Huns, a people of Asia, IX. 67. 
 
 Hunt, county, IX. 68. 
 
 Hunt, Henry, English politician, IX. 68. 
 
 Hunt, James Henry Leigh, author, IX. 68. 
 
 Thornton, author and art critic, 69, 1 c. 
 Hunt, Richard Morris, American architect, IX. 
 
 69. 
 
 Hunt, Thomas Sterry, chemist, mineralogist, 
 and geologist, IX. 69. Theory of chemical 
 compounds, 2 be; of the interior of the earth, 
 
 70. 1 b; of crystalline rocks, VII. 695, 2 c. 
 Hunt, William Henry, English water-color 
 
 painter, IX. 70. 
 
 Hunt, William Holman, painter, IX. 70. 
 
 Hunt, William Morris, American painter, IX. 
 
 71. 
 
 Hunt and Douglas's process, in copper smelting, 
 V. 326, 2 b. 
 
 Hunter, John, British surgeon and physiolo¬ 
 gist, IX. 71. Hunter’s museum, 72, 1 be. 
 His treatment of aneurism, la; I. 492, 1 a. 
 His theory of inflammation, IX. 275, 1 b.— 
 Anne Home Hunter, his wife, 72, 2 ab. 
 Hunter, Robert Mercer Taliaferro, American 
 statesman, IX. 72. 
 
400 
 
 HUNTER 
 
 HUTTEN 
 
 Hunter, William, British physician and anato¬ 
 mist, IX. 73. Hunterian museum, 2 b. 
 Hunterdon, county, IX. 74. 
 
 “Hunters of the Alps ,” corps of Garibaldi, VII. 
 623, 2 b. 
 
 Hunter's Point: see Long Island City. 
 Huntersville , county seat, XIII. 631, 2 a. 
 Huntingdon, county of Pennsylvania, IX. 74. 
 Huntingdon, county of Canada, IX. 74. 
 Huntingdon , county seats, IV. 29, 2 c ; IX. 74, 
 
 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 Huntingdon, Selina, countess of, IX. 74. 
 “ Lady Huntingdon Connection,” religious 
 denomination, 75, 1 a; XI. 453, 2 b. 
 Huntingdonshire, county of England, IX. 75. 
 Huntington, county, IX. 75. 
 
 Huntington , county seat, IX. 75, 1 c. 
 Huntington, Daniel, American painter, IX. 75. 
 
 Jedidiah Vincent, clergyman and author, 2 b. 
 Huntington, Frederick Dan, bishop, IX. 75. 
 Huntington, Samuel, a signer of the Declara¬ 
 tion of Independence, IX. 76. 
 
 Huntington, William, English preacher, IX. 76. 
 Huntsman's cup , plant, XIII. 548, 1 b. 
 Huntsville, city of Alabama, IX. 76. Town 
 of Texas, seat of Austin college, 2 a. 
 Huntsville , county seats, X. 820, 2 a; XIV. 
 199, 2 c; 706, 2 b. 
 
 Hunnady, Janos [hoon'-yod-e], Hungarian 
 general and statesman, IX. 76. See Amu- 
 rath, I. 446, 2 a. 
 
 Huppazoli, Francesco [oop-pa-dzo'-le], Pied¬ 
 montese centenarian, IX. 76. 
 
 Hurd, Richard, English prelate, IX. 77. 
 Hurdwar', town of India, IX. 77; IV. 511,1 ab. 
 Hurlbert, William Henry, American journal¬ 
 ist and poet, IX. 77. 
 
 Hu-rlbut, Stephen Augustus, American soldier 
 and statesman, IX. 77. 
 
 Hu'ron, two counties, IX. 78. 
 
 Huron, county of Canada, IX. 78. 
 
 Huron, Lake, IX. 78. 
 
 Huronian rocks, VII. 695, 2 ab. 
 
 Hurons, North American Indians, IX. 79. 
 Alliance against the Iroquois, 1 c. Catholic 
 missions, 2 a. Huron cosmogony, 2 c. 
 Hurrar: see Harar. 
 
 Hurricane, IX. 80. Description, 1 b. Theories 
 respecting, 2 b. Law of the rotation of 
 winds, 81, 1 a; velocity, 1 be. Rainfall, 
 
 2 a ; movements of clouds, 2 ab. Baromet¬ 
 rical disturbance, 2 b. Dimensions of hur¬ 
 ricanes, 82, 1 b. Hurricane tracks, 2 a. 
 Rate of progression, 2 c. Waves and swells 
 
 produced, 83, 1 a; “ cyclone wave,” 1 b. 
 “ Hurricane season,” ib. Supposed connec¬ 
 tion of sun spots with hurricanes, 1 c. Origin 
 and cause of hurricanes, 2 a. Rules for the 
 avoidance of hurricanes at sea, 84, 1 a. Or¬ 
 igin of name, XVI. 659, 2 a. 
 
 Hurst, John Fletcher, American clergyman, 
 IX. 84. 
 
 Hurte , in heraldry, VIII. 672, 2 c. 
 
 IIurter, Friedrich Emanuel von [lioor'-ter], 
 Swiss historian, IX. 84. 
 
 Hurtleberry : see Whortleberry. 
 
 Husband and Wife, IX. 84. Historical view 
 of their relations, 2 c. Rights and liabilities 
 as to the wife’s real estate, 2 a; personal 
 property, 2 be; ante-nuptial debts, 86, 1 b; 
 post-nuptial contracts or obligations, 2 a. 
 Separation by mutual consent, 87, 1 c. 
 “ Custom of London,” 2 b. Statutory 
 changes in the United States as to marriage, 
 2 c ; general rights of women, 88, 2 c. 
 
 Husbandry, Patrons of, agricultural organiza¬ 
 tion, IX. 89. 
 
 Husbands, Herman, American revolutionist, 
 IX. 89. 
 
 Hush [hoosh], town of Roumania, IX. 90. 
 
 Hush money , II. 681, 2 b. 
 
 Huskisson, William, English statesman, IX. 90. 
 
 Husmann , George [hoos'-man], American grape 
 grower, I. 419, 1 a, ff. 
 
 Huss, John, Bohemian religious reformer, IX. 
 90. His imprisonment, 91, 1 c; trial and 
 execution, 2 a; writings, 2 c. 
 
 Hussars [hooz-zars'j, cavalry, IX. 92. 
 
 Hussein [hoos-sain'J: see Hossein (Index). 
 
 Hussein Bey , Algerine ruler, I. 306, 1 c. 
 
 Hussites, followers of Huss, IX. 92. Referred 
 to, XIII. 558, 1 b. Hussite war: see Ziska. 
 
 Hutcheson, Francis, Scottish philosopher, IX. 
 92. His system of moral philosophy, 2 b; 
 XI. 807, 1 c, 812, 1 b. 
 
 Hutchinson, county, IX. 92. 
 
 Hutchinson, county seat, XIV. 271, 2 a. 
 
 Hutchinson, Anne, New England sectary, IX 
 92. Persecution of, 93, 1 ab. Referred to, 
 III. 126, 2 c. 
 
 Hutchinson, John, English Puritan revolu¬ 
 tionist, IX. 93. Lucy, his wife, 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 Hutchinson, John, philosopher, IX. 93. 
 
 Hutchinson, Thomas, governor of Massachu¬ 
 setts, IX. 93. 
 
 Hutten, Ulrich von [hoot'-ten], German scho¬ 
 lar and reformer, IX. 94. The u Epistolea 
 Obscurorum Virorum,” 95,1 b ; VI. 693,1 b. 
 
IlUTTEX 
 
 HYDRASTIS 
 
 401 
 
 Ratten, lodges of architects, I. 663, 2 a. 
 
 Hutton, Charles, English mathematician, IX. 
 95. 
 
 Hutton, James, Scottish philosopher, IX. 96. 
 His views of geology, VII. 689, 1 be. 
 
 Huttonians ancl Wernerians : see Geology, 
 VII. 689, 1 b. 
 
 Huxley, Thomas Henry, English naturalist, 
 IX. 96. On the theory of evolution, VII. 
 11, 1 b; the origin of varieties, 13, 1 c. 
 On batbybius, II. 391, 1 a. His classification 
 of reptiles, VIII. 694, 2 c ; of fishes, IX. 161, 
 2 b; of birds, XII. 708, 2 ab. Anatomical 
 theory of, XIII. 429, 1 be. His observations 
 on glaciers, VII. 830, 1 be, 2 b; 831, 1 a. 
 
 Huy [ti-e], (Flem. Hoey, hoo'-e), town of Bel¬ 
 gium, IX. 97. 
 
 Huygenian eye piece [hi-ghe'-ne-an], for the 
 telescope, XV. 624, 1 be. 
 
 Huygens, Christian [hi'-ghens ; Dutch, lioi'- 
 ghence], Dutch natural philosopher, IX. 97. 
 His discovery of the fourth satellite of 
 Saturn, 1 c; of Saturn’s ring, 2 b. Other 
 discoveries, 2 c. Invention of the watch 
 spiral spring, 98, 1 ab; of an automatic 
 planetarium, 1 be; of continued fractions, 
 ib. Solution of Leibnitz’s test problem, 2 a. 
 His personal character and scientific labors, 
 2 b. His method for finding the centre of 
 oscillation, 99, 1 a.—His theory of light, X. 
 435, 2 c, 439, 1 c; double refraction, 441, 
 2 b. First to demonstrate the principle of 
 the pendulum, IV. 696, 2 c. His clock, 697, 
 2 c (ill.). His theory of the ether, VI. 746, 
 1 be; of evolutes, VII. 701, 2 be. On the 
 laws of motion, XI. 317, 2 ab, 319, 1 a (ill.); 
 centrifugal force, 323, 2 be (ill.); on the 
 pendulum, 325, 1 a (ills.). 
 
 Huyghens : see Huygens. 
 
 Huzvaresh [hooz-va-resh'J, an Iranic language, 
 IX. 347, 2 c ; XIII. 324, 2 b. 
 
 Ry, island : see Iona. 
 
 Hy'acinth, plant, IX. 99 (ill., 100). Bulb, 1 c 
 (ill.). “ Dutch bulbs,” 2 a; trade in, 2 c; 
 
 culture of, 100, 1 a. Wild hyacinth (blue¬ 
 bell), 2 a (ill.). See Hyacinthus. 
 
 Hyaointhe, Pere [e-a-sa ng t] : see Loyson. 
 
 Hyacin'thus, mythical, IX. 100. 
 
 Hyacinthus orientalis (botany), IX. 99, 1 c 
 (ill., 100). H. nonscriptus, 100, 2 ab (ill.). 
 
 Hyades [hi'-a-deez], mythical, IX. 100. 
 
 Hy^e'na, animal, IX. 100. Spotted, 101, 1 c 
 (ill.); striped, 2 b (ill.); hunting, 102, 1 a 
 (ill.). Fossil hyasnas, 1 c. 
 
 26 
 
 Rya'lea (mollusca), XI. 722, 1 be. II. triden* 
 tata, 1 c. 
 
 Hyaline matrix [hl'-a-lin], of cartilage, IV. 42, 
 1 a, be. 
 
 Hy'alite: see Opal, XII. 642, 1 b. 
 
 Hyalon ema (zoology), VIII. 28, 2 a. II. Lusi- 
 tanicum, 29, 1 b (ill.), and other species. 
 Ryalothe'ca (desmidiese), VI. 43, 2 ab. II. 
 dissiliens, 2 b. 
 
 Hyaro'tis , river, XIV. 218, 1 be. 
 
 Hy'bla, cities of ancient Sicily, IX. 102. Hy- 
 blaMajor, or Magna, 2 ab. Ilybla Minor, 2 b. 
 Hybla, honey of, II. 164, 1 ab (Avola). 
 Hybeid, IX. 102. Hybridizing animals, 103, 
 
 1 a; plants, 1 c. Fertility of hybrids, 102, 
 
 2 c, 103, 1 b: see Salmon, XIV. 567, 2 ab. 
 Hyc'cara, town, vestiges of, III. 789, 1 b. 
 Hydas'pes, river : see Jhylum. 
 
 Hy'datids : see Entozoa, VI. 663, 2 c, 666, 2 b. 
 Hyde, two counties, IX. 104. 
 
 Hyde, Edward : see Clarendon. 
 
 Hyde, Thomas, English orientalist, IX. 104. 
 
 Alluded to, III. 174, 1 a. 
 
 Hyde de Xeuville, Jean Guillaume, baron [eed 
 diih niih-veel], French politician, IX. 104. 
 Hyde park, London, X. 596, 2 c; XIII. 102, 
 
 1 c (map). 
 
 Hyde Parle, county seat, X. 127, 2 c. 
 Hyderabad', native state of India, IX. 104. 
 Rajah of, 201, 1 c. Town, 105, 2 ab. Brit¬ 
 ish residency, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Hyder Ali [hi'-der a'-le], sultan of Mysore, 
 IX. 105, 210, 1 c; XI. 48, 1 b. 
 
 Hydna (fungi), VII. 533, 2 be. 
 
 Hydra, mythical : see Hercules, VIII. 679,1 c. 
 Hydra, island of Greece, IX. 106. Town, 1 c. 
 Hydra, green, acaleph, IX. 114, 2 c. 
 Hydrabad', town of India, IX. 106. 
 
 Ry dr acids, in chemistry, XII. 476, 1 c. 
 Hydran'gea, genus of plants, IX. 106. Gar¬ 
 den, 2 ab (ill.); oak-leaved, 107, 1 b (ill.). 
 Other species. 
 
 Hydrao'tes , river: see Ravee. 
 
 Hydrarchus Tillimani , factitious skeleton of, 
 XVI. 748, 2 be. 
 
 Hydrar'gyra (ichthyology), XI. 613, 1 a. II. 
 flavula, 1 be. 
 
 Ilydrargyri chlor'idum mi'te, XI. 403, 1 c. 
 Hydrargyrum, XI. 400, 1 c. H. cum creta, 
 402, 2 c. 
 
 Hydras'tia, alkaloid, II. 549, 2 b. 
 
 Hydrastin, drug, II. 549, 2 b; XIV. 65, 2 c. 
 Hydrastis (botany): see Puccoon, XIV. 65, 
 
 2 b. H. Canadensis, ib. ; II. 549, 2 b. 
 
m 
 
 HYDRATES 
 
 HYGROMETER 
 
 Hy'drates (chemistry), IX. 107 ; XII. 477,1 c ; 
 
 XIV. 218, 1 be; XVI. 495, 1 be. 
 
 Hydraulic belloics, XI. 576, 1 a. 
 
 Hydraulic brake, XV. 31, 1 c. 
 
 Hydraulic main , of gas works, VII. 636, 2 be. 
 Hydraulicon , musical instrument, XII. 688,1 c. 
 Hydraulic Ram, IX. 107 (ills., 107, 108). 
 Hydraulics: see Hydromechanics. 
 
 Hydric nitrate: see Nitric Acid. 
 
 Hydride of hydrogen [hi'-drid], II. 89, 1 c. 
 Hydriod'ic acid , IX. 327, 2 e. 
 
 Hydrite of phenyl, II. 546, 1 a. 
 
 Hydrob'ata (ornithology), XII. 744, 1 c. II. 
 
 Mexicana, 2 a. H. cinclus, ib. (ill.). 
 Hydrocam'pa (entomology), XI. 870, 1 b. 
 Hydrocan'thari (entomology), II. 476, 1 c. 
 Hydro-carbon process: see Gas, VII. 640, 2 ab. 
 Hydrocarbons , III. 770, 1 a. 
 
 Hydrocepil'alus : see Brain, Diseases of the, 
 III. 197, 2 b. Acute, 201, 1 a. H. internus, 
 192, 1 a. 
 
 Hydrochel'idon (ornithology), XV. 660, 1 a. 
 Hydrochloric Acid, IX. 108. Remedy for its 
 poisonous effects when swallowed, 109, 2 c. 
 Hydrochloric ether, IV. 500, 2 a. 
 
 Hydrochce'rus capybara ( zoology), III.225,1 be; 
 763, 2 b. 
 
 Hydrocyanic Acid, IX. 110. How to prevent 
 poisoning by, 2 c. 
 
 Hydrodynamics : see Hydromechanics. 
 Hydro-electric machine, Armstrong’s, VI. 507, 
 
 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Hydrofluoric Acid : see Fluorine, VII. 291, 
 
 2 a. Use in etching glass, 292, 1 be. 
 Hydrofuosilicic acid, XV. 39, 2 c. 
 Hydrogastrum: see Alg^e, I. 299, 2 ab. 
 Hydrogen, IX. 111. A substitute for coal gas, 
 
 2 b. Asa conductor of heat, VIII. 573, 1 b. 
 See Metals, XI. 420, 2 c. 
 
 Hydrogen atom: see Molecule, XI. 712, 1 ab. 
 Hydrogenium, alloy, IX. 112, 1 a. 
 Hydrographic charts, II. 432, 2 b-c; IV. 763, 
 2 be ; VI. 36, 1 c. See Hydrography. 
 Hydrog'raphy, IX. 112. Reconnoissance, 113, 
 2 a; deep-sea soundings, 114, 1 a; hydro- 
 graphic surveys, 1 be. Physical hydrography, 
 2 a. “Father of,” II. 433, 1 a. See Coast 
 Survey, IV. 761, 1 a; Atlantic Ocean; 
 and Dredging, Deep-sea. 
 
 Hydroids, lowest jelly fishes, IX. 114 (ill., 115). 
 Hy'dromancy, divination by water, VI. 154,1 a; 
 X. 846, 2 c. 
 
 Hydromechanics, IX. 115. History, 1 c. Mo¬ 
 bility of the particles of a liquid over each 
 
 other, 116, 1 c; resistance to compression, 
 2 a; Oersted’s compressing apparatus, 2 b 
 (ill.).—Hydrostatics, 117, 1 b. Hydraulic 
 press, 1 c (ill.). Hydrostatic bellows, 2 be 
 (ill.). Equal pressure of unequal columns, 
 118, 1 a (ill.). Comparative pressure of 
 water and mercury, 1 b, 121, 1 c. Propul¬ 
 sion by unequal pressure, 118, lb (ill.) ; Bar¬ 
 ker’s centrifugal mill, 1 be (ill.). Laws of 
 hydrostatics, 1 c. Centre of pressure, 119, 
 1 c (ill.). Principle of Archimedes, 2 b (ill.) ; 
 hydrostatic balance, 2 c (ill.); bottle imp, 
 120, 1 ab (ill.). Stability of floating bodies, 
 
 1 be (ills.). — Hydrodynamics, 121, 1 ab. 
 Velocity of jets, 1 b (ill.) ; vena contracta, 
 122, 1 be (ills.). Resistance offered by con¬ 
 duits, 2 b. Resistance of liquids to the mo> 
 tions of solid bodies, 2 c. Theory of waves 
 in, 123, 1 b. Form of surface of rotating 
 liquid, 2 a (ill.). A level surface, 2 be (ill.). 
 
 Hydrom'eter, IX. 124. Nicholson’s, 1 b (ill.). 
 Baume’s, 2 ab (ills.). Hare’s, 2 c (ill., 125). 
 Use of the sethrioscope for, I. 154, 2 c. 
 Hydromys chrysogaster (zoology), XVI. 507, 2 c. 
 Hydroparas'tatce : see Aquarians. 
 Hydrop'athy, water cure, IX. 125. 
 Hydropericar'dium: see Dropsy, VI. 266, 1 a. 
 Hydroperitone'um: see Dropsy, VI. 266, 1 b„ 
 Hydrophane: see Opal, XII. 642, 1 b. 
 Hydrophasian'us (ornithology), IX. 480, 2 b. 
 H. Sinensis, ib. 
 
 Hydrophobia, IX. 126. Bite of a rabid dog, 
 
 2 ab. Symptoms and course of hydrophobia 
 in man, 127, 1 a. Treatment, 2 a. Symp¬ 
 toms in the dog, 128, 1 a. 
 
 Hydrops abdominal is: see Dropsy, IV. 266,1 b. 
 Hydrostatics: see Hydromechanics, IX. 117. 
 Hydrostatic paradox, IX. 115, 2 be. 
 Hydrostatic test: see Lungs, X. 722, 1 a. 
 Hydrosulphu'rio Acid, IX. 130. 
 
 Hydrothorax: see Dropsy, VI. 266, 1 a. 
 Hydrijntum : see Otranto. 
 
 Hyel'aphus (zoology), V. 757, 1 c; 758, 1 be. 
 
 H. porcinus, ib. 
 
 Hyge'a : see Hygiea. 
 
 ITyeres [e-yair], town of France, IX. 130. 
 Isles of, 2 a. 
 
 Hygie'a, goddess of health, IX. 130. 
 
 Hygiene [hi'-je-een], science and art of pre¬ 
 serving health, IX. 130. See Bath, II. 385, 
 1 c, Aliment, Dietetics, and Gymnastics. 
 Hygien'ic medicine, IX. 126, 1 be. 
 
 Hygrom'eter: see Hygrometry, IX. 131, 2 c. 
 132, 2 b; Evaporation, VI. 796, 1 c. 
 
H Y GROMETRIC 
 
 HYSSOPUS 
 
 403 
 
 Eygromet'ric tables, IX. 132, 1 c. 
 
 IIygeometry, method of determining amount 
 of moisture, IX. 131. 
 
 Ey'groscope: see IIygeometry, IX. 131, 2 c, 
 132, 1 a; Evaporation, YI. 796, 1 c. 
 Eygroscop'ic salts , IX. 131, 2 c. 
 
 Hyksos : see Egypt, YI. 460, 2 ab. Allusion 
 to, I. 377, 1 c (Amasis). 
 
 Ey'ladce, family of batrachians, XY. 854,1 be- 
 Hyl.eosau'rus, extinct reptile, IX. 133 (ill.). 
 Hylas, mythical, IX. 134. 
 
 Eylat'omus pilea'tus (ornithology), XYI. 709, 
 2 c. 
 
 Eyla versicolor , batrachian, XY. 854, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 H. viridis and H. arborea, 2 c. 
 
 Ey'le , matter, YIII. 53, 1 a; XI. 107, 2 b. 
 Eylob'ates (zoology), VII. 796, 1 b (ill.). H. 
 
 lar, H. agilis, H. leuciscus, 2 a. 
 
 Eyllus , Dionysiac bull of, YII. 663, 2 b. 
 Eylo'bius pa'les (entomology), XYI. 536, 1 c. 
 Eylozo'ism, in philosophy, XIII. 432, 2 b. 
 Hymen, god of marriage, IX. 134. 
 
 Eymena'a cour'baril (botany), I. 527, 1 c. 
 Eymene'al songs, IX. 134, 1 c. 
 
 Eymenium, in fungi, YII. 532,1 b; XYI. 13, 2 a. 
 Eymenomyce'tes , order of fungi, YII. 533, 2 b. 
 Eymenophyl'lum (botany), YII. 150, 2 b. 
 Hymenop'tera, suborder of insects, IX. 134. 
 Hymet'tus, mountain range of Attica, IX. 134. 
 
 Honey of Hymettus, 2 a. 
 
 Hyoscy'amus (botany) : see Henbane, YIII. 
 
 634, 2 b. H. niger, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Hypa'tia, Neo-Platonic philosopher, IX. 134. 
 Eypatius, proclaimed emperor, IX. 727, 2 b. 
 
 “ Eyp-Doctor,' 1 ' 1 a journal, YIII. 637, 2 b. 
 Eype'na (entomology), XI. 870, 1 b. 
 Eyperoe'mia, III. 196, 1 c; Y. 239, 1 c. 
 Eypermthe'sia, III. 200, 2 a. 
 
 Hyper'bola, in geometry, IX. 134. 
 Hyperbo'reans, IX. 135. See Ethnology. 
 Eyperdu'lia, worship paid to the Yirgin Mary, 
 XI. 217, 2 a. 
 
 Hyperides [hi-per-i'-deez], Attic orator, IX. 
 135. 
 
 Eyperi'on [commonly, Hype'rionl, mentioned, 
 XV. 771, 1 b; YIII. 619, 2 b. 
 
 Eyperion , satellite of Saturn, discovery of, XII. 
 567, 1 a. 
 
 Eypermetro'pia, abnormal condition of the eyes, 
 XY. 237, 1 b. 
 
 Eypermnes'tra, in Greek legend, Y. 662, 1 b. 
 Eypero'ddon, bottle-nosed whale, XYI. 581, 2 c. 
 Eyperosto'sis, a form of exostosis, YII. 32, 1 a. 
 Eypersthene rock: see Trap, XY. 847, 1 c. 
 
 IIyper'tropiiy, abnormal growth, IX. 135; 
 
 III. 196, 2 b; YIII. 563, 2 be, 564, 1 c. 
 Eyphce'ne Theba'ica (botany), XIII. 20,1 b (ill.). 
 Hyph'asis, river: see Beas ; Punjaub, XIV. 
 
 92, 1 c; and Sutlej, XY. 495, 1 b. 
 Eyphomyce'tes, order of fungi, YII. 532, 1 c. 
 Eypnotism: see Animal Magnetism, I. 527,1 b. 
 Eypochloric acid, dangerous character of, YII. 
 38, 2 b. 
 
 Eypochlo'rites (chemistry), IY. 502, 1 b. 
 Eypochon'dria, in anatomy, I. 15, 1 c. 
 EypocTiondria, disease: see Hypochondriasis. 
 Hypociiondri'asis, disease, IX. 136. 
 Eypochtlion: see Proteus (reptile). 
 Eypoconcha (crustacea), Y. 451, 1 b. 
 Eypocotyledones [hl-po-ko-te-led'-o-neez]: see 
 Vertebrata, XYI. 325, 1 b. 
 
 Eypodermia bovis (entomology), (ill.), YI. 128, 
 1 b. 
 
 Eypogastrium (anatomy), 1.15, 2 a (Abdomen). 
 Eypoge'a, in Egyptian architecture, I. 653, 2 c. 
 Eyponi'tric acid , XII. 467, 2 c. 
 Hypophosphites, IX. 137; XIII. 466, 1 c. 
 Eypophosphorous acid , XIII. 466, 1 b. 
 Eypostatical union, in theology, XII. 240, 2 ab. 
 Hyposulphates and Hyposulphites, IX. 137. 
 Hyposulphite of soda, 2 a. Hyposulphite of 
 lime, X. 478, 2 b. 
 
 Eyposul'pho-indigot'ic acid , IX. 251, 1 c. 
 Eypothallus, of lichen, X. 409, 1 ab. 
 Hypothecation, in law, IX. 138. 
 
 Eypotrache'Hum, in architecture, I. 656, 1 c. 
 Eypotrior'chis (ornithology), XI. 409, 2 b. H. 
 sesalon, ib. (ill.). H. columbarius, XIII. 508, 
 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Eypomtellians: see Vertebrata, XYI. 325,1 b. 
 Eypozo'ic rocks: see Gneiss, YIII. 52, 1 a. 
 Eypsiprym’nus (zoology), IX. 744, 2 b. 
 Eypudce'us arva'lis (zoology), XI. 312, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 H. amphibius and H. ceconomus, ib. 
 
 Hyrax, genus of animals, IX. 138; I. 45, 1 b. 
 H. Syriacus, IX. 138, 1 c. H. Capensis, 2 
 ab (ill.). 
 
 Hyrcania, ancient country of Asia, IX. 138. 
 Eyrcanian sea (Caspian), IX. 138, 2 b. 
 Hyrcanus, John, Jewish high priest, IX. 138; 
 II. 18, 1 a. Hyrcanus II., tributary prince, 
 IX. 139, 1 a. 
 
 Hyrtl, Joseph [heert’l], Austrian anatomist, 
 IX. 139. His anatomical preparations, 1 c. 
 Eyson: see Tea, XV. 600, 2 a. Young hyson, 
 ib. ; hyson skin, ib. 
 
 Hys'sop [also hl'-sup], plant, IX. 139. 
 
 Eys'sopus officina'lis (botany), IX. 139, 2 a. 
 
40L 
 
 HYSTERIA 
 
 ICHNOLITES 
 
 Hyste'ria, disease, IX. 139. 
 
 Hystricina [his-tris'-e-na], (zoology), XIII. 715, 
 2 c; 717, 1 c. 
 
 Hystrix (zoology), XIII. 717, 1 c. II. cristata, 
 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Hythe [hltf^e], town of England, IX. 140. 
 
 I 
 
 I, a letter, IX. 140. Derivation, 1 c. Sound, 
 141, la. In Latin abbreviations, 1 c. As 
 a numeral, ib. In music, ib. 
 
 /, island: see Iona. 
 
 Iamblichus [e-am'-ble-kus], Neo-Platonic phi¬ 
 losopher, IX. 141. See Neo-Platonism. 
 Iaones [e-a'-o-neez]: see Ionians. 
 latro-mathematical school , in medicine, XI. 
 350, 2 a. 
 
 Ibarra [e-bar'-ra], town of Ecuador, IX. 141. 
 Jberd [e-ba-ra'j, lake of the Argentine Repub¬ 
 lic, Y. 382, 1 be. 
 
 Ibe'ri , primitive people of Spain, II. 367, 1 c. 
 Iberia, ancient name of Spain, IX. 141. See 
 Celtiberians, Basques, and Spain, XV. 
 210, 1 a. Of Georgia in Asia, 142, 1 a. 
 Iberia, parish of Louisiana, IX. 142. 
 
 Iberic sea , part of the Mediterranean, XI. 
 353, 2 c. 
 
 Iberus : see Ebro. 
 
 Iberville, parish of Louisiana, IX. 142. 
 Iberville, county of Canada, IX. 142. 
 Iberville, Pierre le Moyne, sieur d’ [de-bair- 
 veel], founder of Louisiana, IX. 142. 
 
 Ibex, animal, IX. 142 (ill., 143). See Goat. 
 Ibicui [e-be-kwe'J, river of Brazil, IX. 143. 
 Ibis, bird, IX. 143. Scarlet ibis (I. rubra), 2 b 
 (ill.); white (I. alba), 2 c; glossy, 144, 1 b ; 
 green, ib. ; sacred, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Ibn : see Ben, and XII. 128, 1 a. 
 
 Ibn al-Ahmar , Moorish prince, I. 310, 1 a. 
 
 Ibn Batuta : see Batbta. 
 
 Ibn Roshd : see Averroes. 
 
 Ibn Sina [se'-na]: see Avicenna. 
 
 Ibn Tophail [to-file'J: see Philosophy, XIII. 
 439, 2 c. 
 
 Ibrahil [e-bra-heel']: see Braila. 
 
 Ibrahim , dey of Algiers, alluded to, I. 305, 2 c. 
 Ibrahim Pasiia [e-bra-heem' pa-sha'J, Egyptian 
 viceroy, IX. 144. See Meiiemet Ali, XI. 
 362, 1 a. His victory over the Turks, I. 
 216, 2 be. Ilis expedition against the Dru¬ 
 ses, YI. 275, 2 a. 
 
 Ibeaila [e-bri'-la]: see Braila. 
 
 Ib'ycus, Greek poet, IX. 145. 
 
 Ica [e'-ka], town of Peru, IX. 145. 
 
 Icarians , communistic society, III. 524, 2 c, 
 525, 1 a; XII. 178, 1 a; XY. 140, 2 a. 
 Ic'arus : see Daedalus, Y. 630, 2 b. 
 
 Icau’na , river: see Yonne, XYI. 787, 1 be. 
 Ice, IX. 146. Regelation of, 2 c. Ice trade, 
 147, 1 ab; beginning of foreign trade in, 
 
 1 be, III. 121, 2 b. Methods of gathering 
 and storing, IX. 148, 1 ab.—Determination 
 of specific heat by fusion of, VIII. 573, 2 be ; 
 ice-block calorimeter, ib. (ill.). Nature of, 
 in large bodies, VII. 830, 1 a. Artificial 
 production of, I. 222, 1 b. Brash ice, XIII. 
 653, 2 c; drift ice, ib. ; ice belt or ice foot, 
 ib. ; ice blink, ib. 
 
 Icebergs and Ice Islands, IX. 148. Iceberg 
 theory (of drift) first formulated, YI. 112, 
 
 2 b. Lyell’s theory, 2 c. Glacial theory of 
 Agassiz, 113, 1 ab. See Arctic Discovery. 
 
 Ice chapel: see Berchtesgaden, II. 550, 1 c. 
 Iceland, IX. 149. Coast, 2 be. Geology, 2 c. 
 Topography, 150, 1 a. Lakes, 1 c. Rivers, 
 2 a. Climate, 2 ab. Soil and productions, 
 2 c. Fauna, 151, 1 b. Minerals, 1 c. In¬ 
 habitants, 2 ab. Industries, 152,1 a. Com¬ 
 merce, 1 c. Education, 2 a. Government, 
 2 b. Religion, 2 c. History, 153, 1 b. 
 Iceland, Language and Literature of, IX. 154. 
 Earliest monument of Icelandic literature, 
 153, 1 c. 
 
 Iceland Moss, IX. 156 (ill., 157). Native use 
 of, 157, 1 b; X. 410, 2 c. 
 
 Iceland spar , X. 441, 2 a; 442, 1 b; 446, 2 c; 
 448, 2 b, c ; 449, 1 b. Origin of the name, 
 III. 567, 2 b. 
 
 Iceni [i-se'-ni], British tribe, II. 763, 2 ab. 
 
 Ice pitchers , metallic, lead in, X. 249, 1 b. 
 
 Ice Plant, IX. 157. 
 
 Ich dien [i c h deen], motto: see Edw^ard, VI ( 
 439, 1 c, and Crecy, Y. 470, 2 a. 
 Ichneu'mon, animal, IX. 157 (ill.). Destruc¬ 
 tion of the crocodile’s eggs by it, Y. 497, 1 a. 
 Ichneumon , parasitic insect, YI. 698, 1 ab. 
 Ichneumon Fly, IX. 158 (ill.). See Wasp, XYI. 
 493, 2 b. 
 
 Ichnolites [ik'-no-lites]: see Fossil Footprints, 
 and IX. 158, 2 c. 
 
ICnNOLOGY 
 
 ILEX 
 
 405 
 
 Iciinol'ogy, IX. 158. See Fossil Footprints, 
 and Hitchcock, Edward. 
 
 Ichnusa , island: see Sardinia. 
 
 Ichthyocolla (isinglass), IX. 426, 2 be. 
 IciiTnyoL'oGY, science of fishes, IX. 158. 
 Early systems of classification, 2 c; modern, 
 159, 1 b, ff. Fossil ichthyology, 162, 1 c. 
 Ichthyop'sida: see Sauropsida, XIV. 643, 2 c. 
 Ichthyornithes [ik-the-or'-ne-thez], fossil birds, 
 XI. 197, 2 c. 
 
 Ichthyosau'rus, fossil reptile, IX. 162 (ill., 
 163). Length of, VI. 589, 1 c. 
 Ichthyosaurians , VI. 589, 1 be. 
 
 Ichu [e-choo'], a grass in Peru, IX. 24, 1 b. 
 Icilius, Quintus: see Guischard. 
 I-Columb-Kill (Icolmkill), V. 115, 1 a. 
 Icolmkill [ik-um-kil']: see Iona. 
 
 Ico'nium : see Konieh. 
 
 Icon'oclasm : see Iconoclasts. 
 
 Iconoclasts, IX. 163 ; X. 350, 1 c; III. 515, 
 1 b, c. In the Netherlands, IX. 164, 2 c. 
 Icte'ria (ornithology), IV. 332, 1 be. I. viri- 
 dis, ib. I. longicauda, 1 c. 
 
 Ic'terus vulga'ris (ornithology), XVI. 6, 1 b 
 (ill.). I. spurius, 2 a. 
 
 Ictinia Mississipiensis (ornithology), X. 20, 1 c. 
 Icti'nus, Greek architect, IX. 165; II. 56, 1 b. 
 Ida, county, IX. 165. 
 
 Ida, mountain range of Mysia, IX. 165. A 
 mountain of Crete, 2 be. 
 
 Idacius, or Ithacius , Spanish bishop, instiga¬ 
 tor of the first legal execution for heresy, 
 IX. 293, 1 c; XIV. 6, 1 a. 
 
 I'daho, territory, IX. 165. Population, 166, 
 
 1 a. Surface, 1 c. Kivers, 2 a. Minerals, 
 167, 1 ab. Climate, 2 a. Soil and produc¬ 
 tions, 2 b. Manufactures, 168, 1 b. Gov¬ 
 ernment, &c., 1 c. History, 2 be. 
 
 Idaho, county, IX. 168. 
 
 Idaho City, county seat, II. 796, 2 c. 
 
 Idal Khan, prince of Goa, I. 258, 2 b, c. 
 Ideler, Christian Ludwig [e'-deh-ler], German 
 mathematician, IX. 169. 
 
 Identity, in philosophy, XIII. 442, 1 c, 2 a; 
 
 XIV. 667, 2 c (Schelling). 
 
 Ides, in Roman calendar, IX. 169 ; III. 579, 1 a. 
 Idiocy, IX. 169. Definition of, 1 c. Classi¬ 
 fication of, 2 ab. Causes of, 170, 1 c. Ef¬ 
 forts for the instruction of idiots, 2 a, ff. 
 Number of, 175, 1 be. Legal definition of, 
 
 2 be. Legal status of: see Lunacy. 
 
 Idiotcy : see Idiocy. 
 
 Idleicild, residence of N. P. Willis, V. 369, 2 c. 
 Id'ocrase, mineral, IX. 176. 
 
 Idria, town of Austria, IX. 176. Quicksilver 
 mines of, 1 c; XI. 401, 1 a. 
 
 Iduimle'a : see Edom. 
 
 Iduna [e-doo'-na], in Norse mythology, XII. 
 120, 1 b. 
 
 Idyia [e-di'-ya], acaleph, V. 543, 1 be. 
 
 Ierne [i-er'-ne], (Ireland), VII. 552, 1 b. 
 lernis (Ireland), IX. 355, 2 b. 
 
 Iesi [ya'-ze]: see Jesi. 
 
 Iffland, August Wilhelm [ifi-lant], German 
 dramatist, IX. 176. 
 
 Igarapes [e-ga-ra-pace']: see Amazon, 1.379, 2 c. 
 Igerne, mother of King Arthur, I. 781, 1 b. 
 Iglulih, Indians, VI. 729, 2 b. 
 
 Iglau [ig'-low], town of Moravia, IX. 176. 
 lGLESiAs[e-gla/-ze-as],town of Sardinia, IX. 176. 
 Iglesias de la Casa, Josef [e-gla'-se-as da la 
 ka'-sa], Spanish poet, IX. 176. 
 
 Ignatius, Saint, of Antioch, IX. 177. 
 
 Ignatius, Saint, patriarch of Constantinople, 
 IX. 177. 
 
 Ignatius de Loyola , Saint: see Loyola. Cave 
 of, XI. 121, 2 ab. 
 
 Ignatius Bean : see Nux Vomica, XII. 546, 2 b. 
 Ignatius of St. Paul, Father: see Spencer, 
 George. 
 
 Igniarius (fungus), VII. 531, 1 b. 
 
 Ig'nis Fat'uus, IX. 177; VII. 65, 1 a. 
 
 “ Ignoramus ,” in law, IX. 723, 2 b. 
 
 Ignoratio elenchi, in logic, X. 580, 1 a. 
 Ignoring a bill: see Jury, IX. 723, 2 b. 
 Iguala, plan of [e-gwa'-la], IX. 472, 1 ab. 
 Igualada [e-gwa-la'-^a], Spain, IX. 178. 
 Iguana [e-gwa'-na], lizard, IX. 178. Common, 
 2 a (ill.). Common agama, 179, 1 a (ill,). 
 See VII. 619, 2 c; VIII. 304, 2 c. 
 Iguanodon, fossil reptile, IX. 179 (ill.). 
 Iguvine inscription, IX. 440, 1 ab. 
 
 Iguvium , town : see Gubbio. 
 
 I hollandais [e ul-la ng -da], a name of the letter 
 J, IX. 479, 1 c. 
 
 Ihre, Johan [e'-reh],Swedish philologist,IX.179. 
 lie Marvel, pseudonyme, XI. 678, 1 a. 
 
 IJcshides , Turkish dynasty, XVI. 69, 1 b. 
 
 II, El, in Babylonian mythology, XII. 117,1 b. 
 Ildefonso, treaty of, XIII. 521, 1 be. 
 
 Ildico, bride of Attila, II. 95, 2 c. 
 
 Ilerda, ancient town : see Lerida. 
 
 Ileo-ccecal valve, I. 318, 2 c. 
 
 Ileo-pectineal eminence , XIII. 241, 2 a. 
 
 IVeum, in anatomy, IX. 323, 2 b. 
 
 Ilex (botany), VIII. 768, 1 b. I. opaca, ib. 
 (ill.). I. aquifolium, 2 be (ill.). L cassine, 
 XVI. 773, 1 b (ill.); XI. 274, 1 a. I. verti- 
 
m 
 
 ILI 
 
 INARIME 
 
 cillata, XVI. 673, 2 c (ill., 674). I. laevigata, 
 
 1 b. I. Paraguayensis, XI. 273, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Ili [e-le'], river of central Asia, IX. 179. 
 
 Ill , town: see Kulja, X. 61, 1 be. 
 
 Iliad : see Homer, VIII. 778, 2 c. 
 
 Ilians, village of the: see Tkoy, XVI. 10, 1 a. 
 IVid , ancient town : see Elche. 
 
 Ilinissa : see Iliniza. 
 
 Iliniza, Pyramids of [e-le-ne'-sa], mountain 
 peaks of S. America, IX. 179. 
 
 Il'ion, village of New York, IX. 180. 
 
 Ilis'sus, river of Attica, IX. 180; II. 94, 1 c. 
 
 Present appearance, IX. 180, 1 b. 
 
 Hithyia [il-e-tbi'-ya]: see Lucina. 
 
 Ilium : see Tkoy, and XIII. 240, 2 c. Old and 
 New Ilium, XVI. 10, 1 a, 2 a. 
 
 Iliyats [e-le-yats'J, nomadic people of Persia, 
 &c., IX. 180. 
 
 Ii/keston, town of England, IX. 180. 
 Ille-et-Vllaine [eel-a-ve-lain], department of 
 France, IX. 180. 
 
 Illiger [il'-le-gher], (Johann Karl Wilhelm, 
 1775-1813, professor at Berlin), classification 
 of insects by, VI. 660, 1 ab; of birds, XII. 
 705, 2 a. 
 
 Illimani [e-lye-ma'-ne], mountain of Bolivia, 
 III. 12, 2 b; X. 159, 1 ab. 
 
 Illinissa : see Iliniza. 
 
 Illinois', tribe of Indians, IX. 180. Gram¬ 
 mar of the, VIII. 175, 2 a. 
 
 Illinois [il-le-noice', formerly -noi'J, state, IX. 
 181. State seal (ill.). Population, 182, 1 a. 
 Topography, 2 c. Rivers, 183, 1 a. Natu¬ 
 ral curiosities, 1 be. Geology and minerals, 
 
 2 a. Soils, 2 c. Fauna and flora, 184, 1 ab. 
 Climate, 1 b. Agriculture, 1 c. Manufac¬ 
 tures, 2 c. Commerce, 186, 1 a. Inter¬ 
 communication, 2 a. Government, 188, 1 a. 
 Public institutions, 189, 1 a. Education, 
 2 c. Libraries, &c., 191, 1 b. Religious or¬ 
 ganizations, 2 b. History, 192, 1 a. 
 
 Illinois, river, IX. 193. 
 
 Ill-Sassen, inhabitants of Alsace, I. 355, 2 c. 
 Illuminati, mystical associations, IX. 193. 
 Illumination: see Miniature Painting. 
 Illyr'ia, ancient, IX. 193. Modern, 194, 1 c. 
 Illyrico-Servian language , XIV. 783, 1 b. 
 Illyricum: see Illyria. 
 
 Illyris: see Illyria. 
 
 Ilmen , lake, Russia, XII. 526, 2 c. 
 
 Ilmenite , mineral, XV. 770, 2 c; IX. 407, 1 a. 
 Ilopango [e-lo-pang'-go], lake, Central Ameri¬ 
 ca, IX. 194. 
 
 Ilva (Elba), island, VI. 492, 2 c. 
 
 Image Worship : see Iconoclasts, and Irene. 
 Abolished in England under Edward VI., 
 VI. 438, 1 be. 
 
 Imam [e-mam'J, Turkish title, III. 536, 1 b. 
 
 Imam of Muscat , so styled, XII. 625, 2 a. 
 
 Imams , descendants of Ali, VII. 94, 1 c. 
 
 T yanov, Greek article of dress, IV. 499, 1 a. 
 
 Imbecility: see Idiocy, IX. 170, 1 c. 
 
 Imbert, Barthelemi [a ng -bair], poet, IX. 194. 
 
 Imbrinium , victory of, XIII. 55, 1 c. 
 
 Imhoff. Baroness: see Hastings, Warren, VIII. 
 509, 1 be. 
 
 Imi [e-me'], Japanese mourning, XII. 13, 1 c. 
 
 Immaculate Conception (of the Virgin Mary), 
 IX. 194. Military orders of the Conception, 
 195, 2 c. 
 
 Immanuel: see Emmanuel. 
 
 Immermann, Karl Lebrecht [im'-mer-miin], 
 German author, IX. 196. 
 
 Immersion , as baptism, II. 290, 2 a, ff. Trine 
 immersion, ib. 
 
 Immersion system , in microscopes, XI. 517, 1 c. 
 
 Immortals , the , Persian guards, I. 737, 2 c. 
 
 Immortelles, unwithering flowers, IX. 196 
 (ills.). 
 
 Imola [e'-mo-la], town of Italy, IX. 197. 
 
 Imola, Innocenzio da, Italian painter, IX. 197. 
 
 Imosharh, the, people of N. Africa, X. 406,1 b. 
 
 Im'pact of solids , phenomena of, VI. 490, 1 b. 
 Coefficient of, 1 c. Momentum and impact, 
 XI. 318, 1 c. 
 
 Impaling , in heraldry, VIII. 673, 2 c. 
 
 Impanation, in theology, X. 638, 2 c, 
 
 Impanelling of a jury, IX. 724, 1 ab. 
 
 Impatiens (botany), II. 247, 2 c. I. hortensis, 
 248, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Impeachment, for state offences, IX. 197. 
 
 Imperial , beverage, V. 469, 1 c. 
 
 Imperial recess, of a diet, VI. 100, 1 b. 
 
 Imphee : see Sorgum, XV. 170, 1 b. 
 
 Impoofoo (eland), VI. 486, 1 c. 
 
 Imposed, in printing, XIII. 850, 1 a. 
 
 Im'post: see Excise, VII. 23, 1 c. 
 
 Impost of an arch, I. 641, 2 b. 
 
 Imprisonment for debt, origin of in England, 
 I. 78, 1 c ; in France, ib. See Debtor and 
 Creditor. 
 
 Impulse of the heart, VIII. 559, 1 a. 
 
 Imrhads, people of N. Africa, X. 406, 1 b. 
 
 iN'Acnus, mythical king, IX. 198; 326, 2 a. 
 
 Inanga, fish, XII. 411, 1 a. 
 
 Inarching, in grafting, VIII. 141, 1 c. 
 
 Inari [e-na'-re], Japanese deity, IX. 539, 2 a. 
 
 Inarime [e-nar'-e-me] : see Ischia. 
 
IXARUS 
 
 INDIAN 
 
 407 
 
 In'arus , revolt of, I. G3, 1 c; 773, 1 b. 
 
 Incarnation , in Brahmanism, IX. 228, 1 c. 
 
 Incarnation of Christ , IV. 531, 2 a. 
 
 Incas: see Peru, XIII. 341, 2 a; Quichuas; 
 and America, I. 392, 2 a. Inca art, I. 400, 
 2 a. Inca’s road, V. G03, 1 c. 
 
 Incense: see Frankincense. Substance used 
 as incense, II. 545, 2 be. 
 
 Incest, in law, IX. 198. 
 
 iNcnB ald, Elizabeth,English dramatist, IX. 198. 
 
 Inch Cape RocTc , I. 638, 2 c. 
 
 Incidence , angle of in catoptrics, XII. 654, 2 a 
 (ills.) ; in dioptrics, 657, 2 b (ills.). 
 
 Incledon, Benjamin Charles, Englisli singer, 
 IX. 198. 
 
 Inclined plane, in mechanics, XI. 317, 1 a and 
 c ; 328, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 In Ccena Domini , papal bull, III. 424, 2 a; IX. 
 688, 1 ab. 
 
 Incubation , artificial , IV. 782, 1 c. 
 
 Incubo: see Fairies, VII. 63, 2 b. 
 
 Incubus: see Nightmare. 
 
 Inculisma: see Angouleme, town. 
 
 Incunab'ula, in bibliography, IX. 198. 
 
 Incus , bone of the ear, VI. 351, 1 c. 
 
 Indented line , in heraldry, VIII. 672, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Indenture , of conveyance, V. 754, 1 c; of ap¬ 
 prenticeship, I. 604, 1 c, ff. 
 
 Independence, county, IX. 198. 
 
 Independence, town of Texas, IX. 199. City 
 of Iowa, 1 a. City of Missouri, 1 b. 
 
 Independence , county seats, VIII. 181, 2 c; IX. 
 326, 1 c; XI. 787, 2 c. 
 
 u Independent Gazettef first daily journal in 
 the United States, I. 138, 1 c. 
 
 Independents, Protestant sect, IX. 199. See 
 Brown, Robert, III. 342, 2 ab, and Congre¬ 
 gationalism. Influence in the state and in 
 the parliamentary army, V. 502, 2 a. 
 
 Independent Tartary: see Turkistan, XVI. 66, 
 1 c. 
 
 Independent treasury system , XIII. 681, 1 a; 
 XVI. 254, 2 a, ab; 164, 2 c. 
 
 Index Librorum, Roman Catholic catalogue of 
 censured books, IX. 199; IV. 191, 2 c. 
 
 India, IX. 200. (Map.) General description, 
 1 c. Political divisions, 201, 2 b. Govern¬ 
 ment, 2 c. Rivers and lakes, 202, 2 b. Cli¬ 
 mate, 2 c. Soil, 203, 1 a. Minerals, 1 b. 
 Flora, 2 a. Fauna, 2 c. Social condition, 
 204, 1 c. Fine arts, 2 be. Cities, 205, 1 a. 
 Intercommunication, 1 b. Manufactures and 
 commerce, 2 a. Finances, 2 c. Education, 
 206, 1 c.—History, 2 b. Tartar invasion, 
 
 208, 1 b. Mogul emperors, 1 c. Persian in¬ 
 vasion, 209, 1 c. Portuguese empire in In¬ 
 dia, 2 b. English East India company estab¬ 
 lished, 2 be. War between the English and 
 French in India, 2 c. Wars with the native 
 princes, 210, 1 a. Sepoy revolt, 211, 1 b. 
 Transfer of the government to the British 
 crown, 212, 2 b. Queen Victoria made em¬ 
 press of, XVI. 347, 2 c. 
 
 India, Races and Languages of, IX. 213. Races, 
 
 1 c. Languages, 216, 2 a; graphic systems, 
 217, 1 a (ills.). Dravidian Languages, 219. 
 
 2 b; graphic systems, 220, 1 ab (ills.). 
 
 India, Religions and Religious Literature of, 
 
 IX. 222. First period, 1 c. Vedic litera¬ 
 ture, ib. Vedic gods, demons, &c., 223, 2 a. 
 The creation, 225,1 a. Vedic worship, 1 be. 
 —Second period, 2 b. Brahmanical system 
 of castes, 2 c. Brahmanism, 226,1 b. Brah- 
 manic gods,' ib. ; 228, 1 c, 2 be; 229, 1 a; 
 230, 2 b. Doctrine of transmigration, 226, 
 2 b; 227, 1 c. Pollutions, 1 a. Sacrifice, 
 
 1 be. Asceticism, 1 c. Hindoo philosophy, 
 
 2 ab; 229, 1 a. Incarnations of the gods, 
 228, 1 c; 229, 2 a. The Puranas, 228, 2 be. 
 Brahmanical sects, 2 c. Modern religious 
 works, 229, 1 c. Idea of the trinity, 2 a. 
 Distinctions of caste, 227, 1 a; 230, 2 b. 
 Modern religious sects, 231, 1 ab. 
 
 India beyond the Ganges : see Indo-China. 
 India ( Chinese ) ink: see China, IV. 445, 2 c; 
 Ink, IX. 282, 1 c. A better preparation of 
 it, 283, 2 c. True India ink, XI. 723, 2 a. 
 India library , London, 604, 2 b. 
 
 Indiana, state, IX. 231. Seal (ill.). Popula¬ 
 tion, 2 c. Topography, 232, 2 ab. Rivers, 
 233, 1 ab. Geology and minerals, 2 a. 
 Climate, 234, 1 c. Soil and productions, ib. 
 Agriculture, 2 ab. Commerce, 235, 1 a. 
 Intercommunication, 2 a. Manufactures, 
 236, 1 a. Government, 1 b. Finances, 237, 
 
 1 ab. Public institutions, 1 be. Education, 
 
 2 c. Libraries, &c., 238, 2 c. Religious or¬ 
 ganizations, 239, 1 a. History, 1 b. 
 
 Indiana, county. IX. 240. 
 
 Indiana , county seat, IX. 240, 1 c. 
 Indianap'olis, capital of Indiana, IX. 240. 
 
 State house, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Indian apple , plant, XIII. 633, 1 c. 
 
 Indian Archipelago, IX. 242. Line of sepa¬ 
 ration between Indian and Australian zool* 
 ogy, 243, 1 ab. 
 
 Indian balm , plant, XV. 867, 1 ab. 
 
 Indian Bean : see Catalpa. 
 
4:08 
 
 INDIAN 
 
 INDUSTRIAL 
 
 Indian Bible , Eliot’s, VI. 528, 2 a; I. 309, 1 a. 
 Indian bread : see Tuckahoe. 
 
 Indian Cau'casus: see Hindoo Koosh. 
 
 Indian Corn : see Maize. 
 
 Indian Cress : see Nasturtium. 
 
 Indian Cucumber, plant, IX. 243 (ill.). 
 
 Indian currant, shrub, XV. 136, 2 a. 
 
 Indian Dye : see Puccoon. 
 
 Indian Fig: see Cactus, III. 534, 2 a. 
 
 Indian ginger , plant, XV. 130, 2 c. 
 
 Indian grass: see Sorghum, XV. 169, 2 c. 
 Indian Hemp, variety of hemp, IX. 243; VIII. 
 
 632, 2 c. American herb, IX. 243, 2 c (ill.). 
 Indian hills , tumuli in Honduras, VIII. 792,1 a. 
 Indian Languages, American: see American 
 Indians, Languages of the. 
 
 Indian loaf: see Tuckahoe. 
 
 Indian millet: see Sorghum, XV. 170, 1 a. 
 Indian Ocean, IX. 244. Currents, 2 a. Mon¬ 
 soon, 2 b. Trade wind, 2 c. 
 
 Indiano'la, town of Texas, IX. 245. 
 
 Indianola , county seat, XVI. 461, 1 c. 
 
 Indian paint, plant, XIV. 65, 2 b. 
 
 Indian picture writing: see Hieroglyphics, 
 VIII. 719, 1 a (ills.). 
 
 Indian Poke : see Hellebore, VIII. 621, 2 c. 
 Indian red (ochre), XII. 574, 1 b. 
 
 Indians : see American Indians. 
 
 Indian's Head , mountain peak, V. 399, 2 b. 
 Indian Shot, plant, IX. 245 (ill.). 
 
 Indian Spring, treaty of, V. 472, 1 b, be. 
 Indian Territory, United States, IX. 246. 
 
 British America, XII. 504,1 a, 
 
 Indian tin: see Zinc, XVI. 819, 2 a. 
 
 Indian Tobacco : see Lobelia. 
 
 Indian turnip, plant: see Wake-Robin. 
 
 India Rubber : see Caoutchouc. 
 
 India paper, XII. 30, 1 a. 
 
 Indican, basis of indigo, VI. 341, 1 be; IX. 
 251, 2 a. 
 
 Indicator (ornithology), VIII. 794, 2 c. 
 Indic'olite (mineral), XV. 823, 1 be. 
 Indictment, in law, IX. 248. 
 
 Tndicum, indigo, IX. 249, 1 c. 
 
 Indies, apostle of the: see Xavier, St. Francis. 
 Indies, East: see East Indies, and India. 
 Indies, West: see Antilles, and West Indies. 
 Indigo, IX. 249 (ill.). Use in dyeing, 2 a: see 
 Dyeing, VI. 341, 1 be. 
 
 Indigo Bird, IX. 251 (ill.). 
 
 Indigo blue, IX. 250, 2 c. 
 
 Indigof'era (botany), IX. 249, 2 c. I. tinctoria, 
 250, 1 a (ill., 249), &c. 
 
 In'digogene, soluble indigo, VI. 341, 1 b. 
 
 Indigot'ic acid, I. 509, 2 a. 
 
 Indigotine [in'-de-go-tin], oxidized indigo, VI. 
 341,1 ab. 
 
 Indium, metal, IX. 251. 
 
 Indo-China, IX. 252; VI. 378, 2 b. 
 
 Indo-Chinese Races and Languages, IX. 252. 
 
 Indo-European, as equivalent of Japhetic, IX. 
 567, 1 a, ab; 1. 799, 1 c. 
 
 Indo-European Races and Languages: see 
 Aryan Race and Language; Germanic 
 Races and Languages ; and Ethnology, 
 VI. 759, 2 b. 
 
 Indo-Germanic, or Indo-European, I. 799, 1 c. 
 
 Indore', state of India, IX. 254. Town, 2 b. 
 
 Indorsement : see Exchange, Promissory 
 Mote, and Negotiable Paper. Indorse¬ 
 ment in blank, VII. 22, 1 ab. 
 
 Indra, deity, V. 793, 2 a; IX. 223, 2 ab, 224,1 a. 
 
 Indrapras’tha, Indraput', city, V. 780, 2 c. 
 
 Indre [a" E dr’J, department of France, IX. 254. 
 
 Indre-et-Loire [a ng dr’-a-lwar], IX. 255. 
 
 Indri : see Lemur, X. 339, 1 a. 
 
 Induced muscular contraction, I. 520, 1 b, ff. 
 
 Induction, in philosophy, XIII. 430, 2 b. De¬ 
 fined by Aristotle, X. 580, 2 a. Bacon’s 
 method, 2 ab; II. 204, 1 a. 
 
 Induction, in magnetism, XI. 5, 2 be. Electro- 
 dynamic induction, 12, 1 ab. Induction (or 
 magneto-electric) machines, 13, 1 a (ills.). 
 
 Indulgence, in the Roman Catholic church, 
 IX. 255 ; XIV. 396, 2 a. Indulgences under 
 Leo X., IX. 256, 1 a; X. 348, 1 b; 726, 2 c: 
 see Tetzel. 
 
 Indulgence , Charles II.’s declaration of, IV. 
 282, 1 b; VI. 614, 1 b. James II.’s, IX. 
 518, 2 a; VI. 628, 2 a. 
 
 Indulgence , bill of, to legalize the Presbyterian 
 worship: see Cameron, IIP 655, 2 b. 
 
 Induration of the brain, IIP 202, 2 b. 
 
 Indus, river of Asia, IX. 257. 
 
 Indus, Hindoo divinity, IX. 224, 2 b. 
 
 Indusium, in ferns, VIP 149, 2 c. 
 
 Industria, ancient city, remains of, IV. 498,2 a. 
 
 Industrial Exhibitions, IX. 258. Interna¬ 
 tional exhibition in Paris, of 1844, 2 c; of 
 1855, 259, 2 c; of 1867, 260, 2 be. In Lon¬ 
 don, of 1851, 258, 2 c; of 1862, 260, 1 b. 
 In Ireland, 259, 1 c. In New York, 2 a. 
 In Vienna, 261, 2 ab. American centennial 
 exhibition, 262, 2 a; XIII. 393, 2 be (ills., 
 393, 394).—Local exhibitions, 260, 1 b, c; 
 261, 1 ab. American institute fairs, 262, 
 1 b; Franklin institute, 1 be; other associa¬ 
 tions, 1 c. 
 
INEBRIATE 
 
 INNOCENT 
 
 409 
 
 Inebriate asylum , New York state, XII. 366, 
 2 b; XIII. Ill, 2 b. 
 
 Inertia , in mechanics, XI. 318, 1 b. 
 Inescutcheon , in heraldry, VIII. 672, 2 b. (See 
 plate.) 
 
 Ines de Casteo [e'-ness da kas'-tro]: see Cas¬ 
 tro. 
 
 Infallibility (papal), IX. 262; VIII. 800, 2 a. 
 Ground of, IX. 263, 1 b. Definition of, 2 a. 
 Connection with pontifical supremacy, 264, 
 1 ab. Gallicanism and ultramontanism, 265, 
 1 a. (Ecumenical council of 1869, 2 ab. 
 See Old Catholics. 
 
 Infancy , period of, I. 180, 2 c. 
 
 Infant, in law, IX. 266. 
 
 Infant baptism , in the reformed churches, II. 
 291,1 b-c. Views of some of the reformers, 
 I. 450, 1 be. 
 
 Infante [een-fan'-ta], Spanish title, IX. 268. 
 Infante, Jose Miguel, statesman, IX. 268. 
 Infanticide , XI. 338, 1 be. By acupuncture, 
 
 I. 79, 1 c. 
 
 Infantry, IX. 268. United States, 269, 1 b. 
 Germany, 270, 1 b. Russia, 271, 2 c. Aus¬ 
 tro-Hungarian monarchy, 272, 2 be. France 
 and England, 273,1 b. See Army. Mounted 
 Infantry, 1 c : see Cavalry. 
 
 Infant Schools, IX. 273. Kindergarten, 2 b. 
 Infection: see Contagion. 
 
 Infernal column , the, in the French army, X. 
 203, 1 b. 
 
 Infernal division , under Boves, III. 163, 1 a. 
 Infernal machine , Fieschi’s, VII. 182, 1 a. 
 Infernal regiment , Chambure’s, IV. 242, 1 ab. 
 Inflammable air : see Hydrogen, IX. Ill, 1 b. 
 Inflammation, IX. 274. Theories of, 2 b. 
 General process of, 275, 1 b. Conservative 
 action of, 277, 1 ab. Causes of, 1 c. Of 
 particular organs, 2 b. Treatment, 278, 1 a. 
 Inflorescence , in botany, XIII. 484,1 c. 
 Influenza : see Bronchitis, III. 312, 1 be. 
 Information, in law, IX. 278. 
 
 In foro interno: see Absolution, I. 35, 1 b. 
 In foro externo, ib. 
 
 Infusoria, IX. 278. See Animalcules. Dis¬ 
 covery of, X. 314, 1 b. Generation of, XV. 
 283, 1 be, 2 be. 
 
 Ing , Saxon adjunct, meaning of, XII. 128, 1 a. 
 Ingapilca: see American Antiquities, I. 399,1c. 
 Ing'bert, town of Rhenish Bavaria, IX. 279. 
 Ingelow, Jean [in'-je-lo], English poetess, IX. 
 279. 
 
 Ingemann, Bernhard Severin [ing'-Ch-man], 
 Danish poet, IX. 279. 
 
 iNGENnousz, Johannes [ing'-gen-house], Dutch 
 physician, IX. 279. 
 
 Ingermannland : see Ingrians. 
 
 Ingersoll, town of Canada, IX. 279. 
 Ingersoll, Jared, American lawyer, IX. 279. 
 Charles Jared, statesman and author, 2 c. 
 Joseph Reed, lawyer and statesman, 280,1 a. 
 Ingham [ing'-um], county, IX. 280. 
 
 Ingham, Charles C., American painter, IX. 280. 
 Inghirami, Tommaso [in-ghe-ra'-me], Italian 
 scholar, IX. 280. 
 
 Ingle: see Calvert, III. 630, 2 c. 
 
 Ingleby, Clement Mansfield, English author, 
 IX. 280. 
 
 Inglis , Frances: see Calderon de la Barca. 
 Ingoldsby , Thomas , pseudonyme, II. 311, 1 a. 
 Ingolstadt [in'-gole-stat], Bavaria, IX. 280. 
 Ingraham, Duncan Nathaniel, American naval 
 officer, IX. 280. 
 
 Ingraham, Joseph H., author, IX. 280. 
 
 Ingres, Jean Dominique Auguste [aVgr’j, 
 French painter, IX. 281. 
 
 Ingria : see Ingrians. 
 
 Ingrians, tribe of Finns, IX. 281. 
 
 Ingul'phus, English monk, IX. 281. 
 Inhamban', town, IX. 281. 
 
 “ Inheritance , words off see Fee, VII. 108, 
 2 a. 
 
 Initial tension , in heavy ordnance, theory of, 
 
 I. 790, 2 b. 
 
 Injunction, in law, IX. 281. 
 
 Ink, IX. 282. Ancient inks, 1 c. Composi¬ 
 tion of writing inks, 283, .1 a, ff. From 
 Frankfort black, 2 ab ; VI. 655, 2 c. Indeli¬ 
 ble, IX. 283, 2 c; XII. 463, 1 a. Sympa¬ 
 thetic, invisible, IX. 284, lb; II. 667, 1 be. 
 Lithographic, IX. 284, 1 c. Printing, 2 a. 
 Inkberey, plant, IX. 285 (ill.). 
 
 Inkerman, village, IX. 285. Monument (ill.). 
 
 Battle of, 2 b; III. 114, 1 a. 
 
 Inman, Henry, American painter, IX. 285. 
 
 Inn, river of central Europe, IX. 285. 
 
 Inn, house of entertainment, IX. 286. Student 
 hall at Oxford, XII. 764, 1 a. 
 
 Inner Rhodes , in Switzerland, I. 597, 1 c. 
 Inner Temple , London, IX. 289, 2 c; 290, 1 a, 
 ff. Hall and library (ill.). 
 
 Inness, George, American painter, IX. 286. 
 Innish Ghounel , residence of the Argyll family, 
 
 II. 164, 2 a. 
 
 Innkeeper, in law, IX. 286. 
 
 Innocent, popes. I., Saint, IX. 287. II., Gre¬ 
 gorio de’ Papi or Papareschi, 2a; II. 573, 
 2 a. III., Giovanni Lotario Conti, IX. 28S\ 
 
410 
 
 INNS 
 
 INTIHUATANI 
 
 1 a; 293, 2 a. XL, Benedetto Odescalchi, 
 289, 1 b. 
 
 Inns of Coukt, London, IX. 289 (ills., 290). 
 Innspruck [in'-sprook], capital of Tyrol, IX. 
 291 (view). 
 
 Innuit , Esquimaux tribe, I. 242, 1 c, 392, 1 b ; 
 VI. 729, 2 b. 
 
 I'no, in Greek mythology, IX. 292. 
 Inoculation, IX. 292; XI. 768, 1 b. For small¬ 
 pox : see Dimsdale ; Montagu, Lady Mary 
 Wortley, XI. 768, 1 be ; Smallpox, XV. 110, 
 
 2 c. Its first introduction into Boston, III. 
 127, 2 a; 174, 2 a. 
 
 In'osite , a glucose: see Sugar, XV. 441, 1 a. 
 Inowraclaw [e-no-vrats'-lav], Prussia, IX. 292. 
 In partibus infdelium , bishops , II. 664, 1 a. 
 
 In perso'nam, action in law, I. 128, 1 c. 
 In'quilines (entomology), XII. 559, 2 be. 
 Inquisition, IX. 293. Treatment of heretics 
 in the early church, 1 a. The inquisition in 
 France, 2 a, I. 279, 2 b; in Spain, 294, 1 c; 
 in Italy, 295, 2 be, 296, 1 a; in America, 
 the Netherlands, and Portugal, 295, 2 be ; in 
 Germany, 296, 1 be. Protest against its in¬ 
 troduction into the Netherlands, I. 267, 2 a; 
 VI. 453, 1 a. 
 
 In rem , action in law, I. 128, 1 c. 
 
 Insane , the: see Insanity. 
 
 Insane ear , so styled, IX. 307, 1 c. 
 
 Insanity, IX. 296. Ancient views of, 2 c. 
 First institutions for the insane, 297, 2 b. 
 Modern treatment of, 2 c. Causes, 299, 1 a. 
 General symptoms, 301, 1 b. Classification, 
 302, 1 ab. Melancholia, 302, 2 c. Mania, 
 304, 1 a. General paralysis of the insane, 
 304, 2 b. Dementia, 306, 2 a. Idiocy and 
 imbecility, ib. Pathology of insanity in 
 general, 2 b. Enumeration of the insane, 
 307, 2 b. Insanity as a defence in an action 
 for adultery, I. 135, 1 ab. See Lunacy. 
 Insect Fertilization, IX. 308 (ill.). 
 Insectiv'oea, order of mammals, IX. 309. 
 Insectivorous Plants, IX. 310. See Dion.ea ; 
 Pinguicula, XIII. 530, 2 a; Pitcher Plants, 
 550, 2 ab ; Sundew, XV. 480,1 ab; Utricu- 
 laria, XVI. 238, 1 b. 
 
 Insects, IX. 310. Anatomy, 2 b. Metamor¬ 
 phoses, 312, 2 b: see Caterpillar, and 
 Chrysalis. Fecundity of, 313, 1 b. Mus¬ 
 cular activity, 1 c. Instincts, 2 ab. Rela¬ 
 tions to the rest of organic nature, 314, 1 a. 
 Distribution, 1 be. Classification: see En¬ 
 tomology. Age of, I. 182, 2 c. Organs of 
 vision in, VII. 48, 1 a. 
 
 Insects , in heraldry, VIII. 673, 2 a. 
 
 Insect showers , II. 476, 2 b. 
 
 Insesso'res, perching birds, IX. 314. 
 
 Insolation: see Sunstroke. 
 
 In solido : see Liability (Index). 
 
 Insondi , venomous insect, V. 241, 1 a. 
 
 Instance side , of a court of law, I. 125, 2 c. 
 Insterbukg [in'-ster-boorg], Prussia, IX. 314. 
 Institut de France [a ng -ste-tu dull fra DE s], I. 51, 
 
 1 b. Constitution of, 1 c; its publications, 
 2b; its prizes, 2 c, 52, 1 a. 
 
 Insurance, in law, IX. 314. Marine insurance, 
 
 2 c. Law of, 315, 1 c: see Neutrality, 
 XII. 261, 2 b. Subjects of, IX. 316, 1 b. 
 Warranties, 2 ab. Premium, 317, 2 c. Prop¬ 
 erty insured, 318, 1 ab. Responsibility of 
 insurers, 1 b. Risks, 1 c; duration of, 2 c. 
 Loss, 319, 1 a. See Average, and Shipping. 
 —Insurance against fire, 2 a. See Life In¬ 
 surance. 
 
 Insurance f und , use of, X. 433, 2 c. 
 
 “ Insurance Handbook ,” X. 425, 2 c. 
 
 In'sula Batavo'rum , island, II. 379, 2 c. 
 Intaglio [in-taT-yo], XIV. 715, 2 a. 
 
 Integral Calculus : see Calculus, III. 571,1b. 
 Interamna : see Teramo, and Terni. 
 
 Intercisi , in Roman calendar, VII. 93, 2 a. 
 Interdict, Roman Catholic, IX. 320. 
 
 Interest: see Usury. 
 
 “ Interference ” in a patent, XIII. 161, 1 a. 
 Interglyph , in the Doric order, I. 657, 1 a. 
 Interim , ecclesiastical expedient: see Bucer, 
 III. 377, 1 b ; Charles V., IV. 296, 1 be. 
 Interior crest , in a fortification, VII. 330, 2 b. 
 Interlachen: see Interlaken. 
 
 Interlaken [in'-ter-la-ken], village of Switzer¬ 
 land, IX. 321 (view). 
 
 Interlude , species of drama, referred to, XI. 
 628, 1 be. 
 
 Intermittent Fever : see Fevers, VII. 164, 2 c. 
 International Association, IX. 321. 
 International code , proposed, VII. 176, 2 b. 
 International league of peoples: see Mazzini, 
 XI. 308, 2 b. 
 
 Internode , in plants, XIII. 576, 1 b. 
 Internuncio , papal envoy, X. 318, 2 b; XII. 
 538, 1 b. 
 
 Intertrigo: see Erythema, VI. 721, 2 b. 
 Intestinal juice: see Intestine, IX. 324, 1 a. 
 Intestine, IX. 323. Small, I. 318, 1 c; large, 
 2 b. Structure and length, in different ani¬ 
 mals, V. 180, 2 c. 
 
 Intihuatani [een-te-wa-ta'-ne], stone circles in 
 Peru, I. 400, 1 c. 
 
INTONACO 
 
 IRELAND 
 
 411 
 
 Intonaco [in-to'-na-ko], in fresco painting, VII. 
 482, 2 c. 
 
 Intrenchments , military, VII. 334, 2 b. Im¬ 
 portance of, IX. 269, 2 b. 
 
 Intuition and reflection , Brownson’s use of the 
 terras, III. 349, 2 be. 
 
 In'ula hele'nium (botany), VI. 497, 2 b (ill.). 
 Inula, in medicine, 498, 1 a. 
 
 Inidine, vegetable principle, VI. 497, 2 c. 
 
 Inuus, in mythology, XIII. 31, 2 b. 
 
 Inuus (zoology), X. 766, 2 c. I. sylvanus, 767, 
 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Invalides, Hotel des [o-tel da za ng -va-leed], 
 Paris, XIII. 83, 2 b. 
 
 Inverness', borough of Scotland, IX. 324 
 (view). Macbeth’s castle, 1 c. 
 
 Inverness, county of Canada, IX. 324. 
 
 Inverness-shire, county of Scotland, IX. 324. 
 
 Invertebra'ta, class of animals, IX. 325. 
 
 Investiture, in feudal law, IX. 325. See 
 Feudal System, VII. 161, 2 ab. In ecclesi¬ 
 astical history, IX. 325, 2 c. 
 
 Invincible, ironclad, IX. 386, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Invincible brethren: see Ziska, XVI. 830, 1 c. 
 
 Invincible doctor: see Occam, William of. 
 
 Invoice book, in bookkeeping, III. 81, 1 a. 
 
 In'volucre, in plants, XIII. 584, 2 b. 
 
 In'yo, county, IX. 326. 
 
 Io, mythical, IX. 326. 
 
 Iobates [i-ob'-a-teez], king of Lycia, II. 504, 2 a. 
 
 Iodine [l'-o-din], IX. 326. Use of in medicine, 
 327, 2 c. Iodism, 328, 1 a. 
 
 Iod'oform, a salt, IX. 327, 2 c. 
 
 Io'la, county seat, I. 328, 2 a. 
 
 Iona, island of Scotland, IX. 328. Ruins of 
 St. Mary’s church, 328, 1 be (ill.). 
 
 Iona grape, I. 418, 1 b. 
 
 Ionia, in ancient geography, IX. 329. 
 
 Ionia, county, IX. 329. 
 
 Ionia, county seat, IX. 329, 2 c. 
 
 Ionian Islands, Greece, IX.' 329. History, 
 330, 2 a. 
 
 Ionians, Greek race, IX. 330. 
 
 Ionian sea, IX. 329, 2 c; XI. 353, 2 c. 
 
 Ion'ic alphabet in full, first use of in public 
 records, VIII. 195, 2 a. 
 
 Ionic dialect, VIII. 207, 2 be, 208, 1 a. 
 
 Ionic order, in architecture, I. 657, 1 c ; among 
 the Romans, 660, 1 b. 
 
 Ionidium (botany), XVI. 361, 2 b; 363, 2 ab. 
 
 Ionies, Indian tribe, IX. 331. 
 
 Ions, in galvanism, VII. 597, 2 ab. 
 
 Iosco, county, IX. 332. 
 
 Io'tacism, in Greek pronunciation, VIII. 209,2 c. 
 
 I'owa, state, IX. 332. State seal (ill.). Pop¬ 
 ulation, 2 a. Hydrography, 333, 1 be. Sur¬ 
 face, 2 a. Geology and minerals, 2 c. Soil, 
 334, 2 b. Climate, 2 be. Agriculture, 335,1 a. 
 Manufactures, 2 b. Commerce, 1 c. Inter¬ 
 communication, 336, l‘a. Government, 337, 
 1 a. Finances, 2 c. Public institutions, 338, 
 1 b. Education, 2 b. Newspapers, libraries, 
 &c., 340, 1 b. Religious organizations, 1 c. 
 History, 2 b. 
 
 Iowa, two counties, IX. 341. 
 
 Iowa City, town of Iowa, IX. 341. 
 
 Iowa River: see Iowa, IX. 333, 1 c. 
 
 Iowas, Indian tribe, IX. 341. 
 
 Ipecac: see Ipecacuanha. Homoeopathy illus¬ 
 trated by its effects, VIII. 784, 1 c. Wild 
 ipecac, VI. 771, 2 b. 
 
 Ipecacuanha [ip-e-kak-u-an'-a], medicinal root, 
 IX. 342. Plant, 1 c (ill.). Introduction into 
 European medical practice, 2 c. So-called: 
 see Milkweed, XI. 546, 2 a. 
 
 Iphicles [if'-e-kleez], mythical, I. 264, 1 b. 
 
 Iphicrates [i-fik'-ra-teez], Athenian ^ general, 
 IX. 343. 
 
 Iphigeni'a, in Greek legend, IX. 343. Iphige- 
 nia in Tauris, allusion to, II. 232, 1 b. 
 
 Ipomce'a bata'tas (botany), XIII. 767, 2 a (ill.). 
 I. Orizabensis, IX. 509, 2 be. 
 
 Ip'saca, valley of, XI. 691, 1 b. 
 
 Ipsambul [ip-sam-bool'J, place in Nubia, IX. 
 343. Tomb (ill.), 344. 
 
 Ip'sara, island, IX. 344. 
 
 Ipsus, ancient town of Phrygia, IX. 344. Bat¬ 
 tle of, 2 b; I. 563, 1 a; IV. 61, 1 c. 
 
 Ipswich, town of Massachusetts, IX. 344. 
 
 Ipswich, borough of England, IX. 345. Gram¬ 
 mar school, 1 ab (ill.). Fairs, VII. 58, 2 b. 
 
 Ipswicn, town of Australia, IX. 345. 
 
 Ir (Ireland), IX. 355, 2 b. 
 
 Irak-Ajemi [e-rak'-a'-ja-me], province of Persia, 
 IX. 345. 
 
 Ieak-Arabi [-a'-ra-be], part of Turkey and Per¬ 
 sia, IX. 345. 
 
 Iran [e-ran'J: see Persia. 
 
 Iranic Races and Languages, IX. 346. Their 
 territory, 1 a, b. The first historically known, 
 1 c. The different races, 2 b; developments 
 of modern research, 347,1 b. Languages, 1 c. 
 
 Irasburg, county seat, XII. 696, 2 c. 
 
 Irawadi [e-ra-wa'-de]: see Irrawaddy. 
 
 Iredell, county, IX. 348. 
 
 Iredell, James, American jurist, IX. 348 
 James (2d), jurist, 1 c. 
 
 Ireland, IX. 348. (Map.) Divisions and popu- 
 
412 
 
 IRELAND 
 
 IRON-CLAD 
 
 lation, 2 b. Coast, 349, 1 a. Topography, 
 
 1 c. Geology and minerals, 2 b. Bogs, 350, 
 
 2 a. Rivers and lakes, 2 b. Climate, 2 c. 
 Soil, 351, 1 b. Industries, 2 a; 352, 1 be. 
 Fauna and flora, 351, 2 be. People, 2 c. 
 Fisheries and commerce, 352, 2 ab. Inter¬ 
 communication, 353, 1 a. Economical sta¬ 
 tistics, 1 b. Religion, 2 a. Education, 2 b. 
 Public institutions, 354, 1 c. Government, 
 2 b. Antiquities, 355, 1 a.—History, 2 a. 
 Ancient laws: see Brehon Laws. Introduc¬ 
 tion, of Christianity, 356, 1 c. English inva¬ 
 sion, 357, 1 ab. Invasion by Edward Bruce, 
 
 1 c. English measures for subjugation of 
 the Irish, 2 a. English supremacy established 
 by Cromwell, 358, 1 c. Overthrow of James 
 II., 2 a. Harsh treatment of the Irish for a 
 hundred years, ib. Society of “ United Irish¬ 
 men,” 2 c; Irish revolt, ib. ; French expedi¬ 
 tion in aid of, 359, 1 ab. Union of Great 
 Britain and Ireland, 1 b. Question of Cath¬ 
 olic emancipation, 1 c. Repeal agitation, 
 
 2 b; XII. 575, 1 b. “Tithe war,” IX. 359, 
 2 b. Reforms, 2 be. Famine of 1846-7, 
 360,1 a. “ Irish confederation,” 1 ab. Im¬ 
 mature rising crushed, 1 c. Fenian move¬ 
 ment, 2 be. Church disestablishment, 2 c; 
 361, 2 a. Home rule agitation, 361, 1 a. 
 
 Ireland, Church of, IX. 361. Disestablish¬ 
 ment of, 2 a; VI. 619, 2 b; VII. 130, 1 c. 
 See England, Church of. 
 
 Ireland, Samuel, English engraver and author, 
 IX. 362. William Henry, literary forger, 1 c. 
 Ireland , primate of, I. 721, 2 b. 
 
 Ireland parish (Holyoke, Mass.), VIII. 775, 1 c. 
 Iren^etts [i-re-ne'-us], Saint, IX. 362. The pope’s 
 primacy said to be asserted by, XIV. 398, 1 c. 
 Irenarion , cloister of, I. 67, 1 c. 
 
 Ire'ne, empress, IX. 363. See Constantine VI. 
 Irene , heroine of Persian poetry, XIII. 323,1 a. 
 Ireton, Henry, English soldier, IX. 363. His 
 reply to Charles I., V. 504, 1 c. 
 
 Iri [e'-re]: see Eurotas. 
 
 Iriarte: see Yriarte. 
 
 Iridce'a edu'lis (botany), I. 299, 2 c. 
 
 Irid'ium, metal, IX. 363. Iridium black, 2 c. 
 Iridosmine pr-e-doz'-min], alloy, XII. 720, 1 c; 
 XIV. 501, 1 be. 
 
 Iriiri [e-re-e'-rel, a New Zealand ceremony, 
 XII. 413, 1 a. 
 
 Iris, in Greek mythology, IX. 363. 
 
 Iris, genus of plants, IX. 364. Orris root, 1 b. 
 I. Florentina, 1 c (ill.), &e. Mourning iris, 
 2 b (ill.). Fertilization of, 309, 1 b. 
 
 Iris , of the eye, VII. 46, 1 b; 47, 1 a. 
 
 “Irish Confederation ,” IX. 360, 1 ab. 
 
 Irish Moss : see Carrageen. 
 
 “ Irish Revolutionary Brotherhood ,” VII. 124, 
 2 b; IX. 360, 2 be. 
 
 iRisn Sea, IX. 364. 
 
 Irish towers, the, ancient ruins, IX. 355, 1 c. 
 
 Irkutsk [eer-kootsk'J, government of Siberia, 
 IX. 364. Capital city, 365, 1 a. 
 
 Irminsul [eer'-min-zool], statue, IV. 290, 1 a. 
 
 Irne'rius, jurist : see Civil Law, IV. 625, 1 b. 
 
 Iroha [e-ro-ha'J, Japanese alphabet, IX. 548, 2 b. 
 
 Iron, metal, IX. 365. Chemical compounds, 
 2 b. As a medicine, 366, 2 b. Forms of 
 (wrought, cast, and steel), 367, 1 ab.—Cast 
 iron, 368, 2 c. Chemical composition, ib .; 
 presence of silicon, 370, 1 b; of sulphur, 2 a; 
 of phosphorus, 2 b; of manganese, 2 c.— 
 Wrought iron, 371, 1 b. Chemical composi¬ 
 tion, 2 a; rotten or “ burnt ” iron, ib. ; “ red- 
 short,” “hot-short,” and “cold-short” iron, 
 2 b.—Compounds of iron, 372,1 b. Strength, 
 1 be.—Case-hardening of wrought iron, XV. 
 364,1 c. Titaniferous iron, 771, 1 a. Alloys 
 of: see Steel, XV. 356, 2 c.—Iron buildings, 
 first introduction of, II. 780, 2 c. Iron beams, 
 413, 2 b, 416, 1 c. Iron mould, IX. 366, 1 c. 
 See Iron Manufacture, and Iron Ores. 
 
 Iron, two counties, IX. 376. 
 
 Iron age, I. 185, 2 c, 186, 1 a, 644, 1 b; VII. 
 197, 2 b (iron epoch). 
 
 IronbarJc, tree, XVI. 704, 1 c. Its specific 
 gravity, ib. 
 
 Iron City (Pittsburgh), XIII. 554, 2 c. 
 
 Iron-clad Ships, IX. 376. Fulton’s Demolo- 
 gos, 377, 1 b (ills.). Attention first called to 
 the construction of, 2 a. Experiments in the 
 United States, 2 be; Stevens’s battery, 2 c. 
 In England, 379, 1 a. In France, 1 c (ills.). 
 American ironclads, 380, 2 a (ills., 380, 381). 
 Monitor or turreted system, 1 be; 386, 2 c 
 (ills., 381 and 387). Results of the Hampton 
 roads conflict, 381, 2 b; modification of the 
 English marine, 2 c. Two forms of, 382, 2 a. 
 Table of English iron-built ships, 383, 2 a; 
 •wood-built, 2 be. Sections of the sides of 
 iron ships of the various classes (ills.), 884; 
 of the armor of the Thunderer and the Dic¬ 
 tator (ills.), 385. Character of the French 
 ironclads, 384, 1 c; of the American, ib. 
 Table of, 385, 2 b. Partial protection sys¬ 
 tem, 386,1 a; complete protection system, 1 b 
 (ills.). Offensive powers of ironclads, how 
 measured, 388, 1 a. Ironclad rams, 2 be. 
 
IRON 
 
 ISDIGERD 
 
 413 
 
 Iron crown, the, V. 523, 1 c; XI. 798, 1 c. 
 
 Iron epoch: see Iron age (Index). 
 
 Iron Manufacture, IX. 389. Among the an¬ 
 cients, 2 ab. Reduction of iron, 390, 2 b. 
 Forms of furnaces, 391, 1 a. Blast furnace, 
 392, 1 be (ills., 393, 394) ; blast-furnace pro¬ 
 cess, 394, 2 b. Temperature of reduction, 
 395, 2 a. Composition of blast-furnace gases, 
 2 c. Economy in fuel, 396, 1 be. Slags, 
 397, 2 b.—Wrought iron, 398, 1 be. Con¬ 
 version of pig into wrought iron, 1 c. Pud¬ 
 dling, 399, 1 b; puddling furnace, 1 c (ill.). 
 Quality of iron produced by puddling, 400, 
 
 1 be. Fluxes, 2 b. Treatment of puddled 
 iron, 401, 1 a (ills.). Mechanical puddlers, 
 
 2 b; Danks’s rotary puddler, 2 c (ill., 402). 
 Decarburization of pig iron, 402, 2 c. At¬ 
 tempts to make wrought iron and steel direct 
 from the ore, 403, 1 ab. 
 
 Iron Mask, Man in the, IX. 404. 
 
 Iron Mountain, Missouri, IX. 404. 
 
 Iron mountain , Wisconsin, II. 6, 1 c. 
 
 Iron Ores, IX. 406. Grouping of, 2 a (table). 
 Hematite, 2 c. Hydrous or brown hema¬ 
 tite, 408, 1 a. Spathic ore, or siderite, 409, 
 1 a. Magnetite, 2 a. Franklinite, 410, 1 a. 
 Reducibility, ib. Distribution in the United 
 States, 1 ab. Analyses, 411, 1 b (tables). 
 Treatment, 2 ab. 
 
 Irons, William Josiah [I'-runs], English cler¬ 
 gyman and author, IX. 411. 
 
 Ironsides , Cromwell’s regiment, Y. 501, 2 a, ff. 
 Ironstone: see Clay ironstone (Index). 
 Ironstone china , XIII. 790, 2 b. 
 
 Ironwood: see Hornbeam, YIII. 819, 2 a, 820, 
 1 ab. 
 
 Ironton, city of Ohio, IX. 412. 
 
 Ironton , county seat, IX. 376, 2 a. 
 
 Iroquois [ir-o-kwoiz'; sing. -kwoi / ], confedera¬ 
 tion of Indians, IX. 412 ; XII. 632,1 b (Onon- 
 dagas). Languages, 1.408, 2 ab; XII. 371,1 a. 
 Iroquois, county, IX. 414. 
 
 Irrawaddy, river of Burmah, IX. 414. 
 Irrefragable doctor: see Alexander of Hales. 
 “ Irrepressible conflict ,” origin of the phrase, 
 XIY. 793, 1 ab. 
 
 Irrigation, IX. 414. Introduction by the 
 Saracens into Spain, I. 202, 1 b. 
 
 Irri'sor (ornithology), YIII. 808, 1 b. 
 Irritability , of the nerves, XII. 236, 1 b ; of 
 living animal substance, XIII. 485, 1 c, 2 a. 
 Irritants: see Poison, XIII. 639, 1 b. 
 
 Irvine [ur'-vin], borough of Scotland, IX. 416. 
 Irvine , county seat, YI. 742, 1 a. 
 
 Irvine, William, American soldier, IX. 416. 
 Irving, Edward, Scottish preacher, IX. 417. 
 Catholic Apostolic church, 418, 2 c. See 
 Carlyle, Thomas, III. 796, 2 c. 
 
 Irving, Theodore, American clergyman, IX. 419. 
 Irving, Washington, auth’or, IX. 419; XYI. 194, 
 2 b ; 195, 2 b ; 197, 1 a ; 200,1 c ; 204, 2 ab. 
 Irwin, county, IX. 421. 
 
 Irwinton , county seat, XVI. 626, 1 ab. 
 Irwinville , county seat, IX. 421, 2 a. 
 
 Is, town: see Hit. Fountains of, II. 672, 1 c. 
 Isaac, Hebrew patriarch, IX. 421. 
 
 Isaac I., Comnenus, emperor, IX. 421. 
 
 Isaac II., Angelus, emperor, IX. 421. 
 
 Isaac anchor, I. 466, 1 b. 
 
 Isaac church, at St. Petersburg, XIY. 551, 2 b 
 (ill.). See Dome, YI. 197, 1 c. 
 
 Isaac and Mezrob, authors of the Armenian 
 version of the Bible, I. 727, 1 c. 
 
 Isabella, county, IX. 421. 
 
 Isabella, county seat, XVI. 732, 1 a. 
 
 Isabella I., the Catholic, queen of Castile and 
 Leon, IX. 422. See Ferdinand Y. 
 
 Isabella II., ex-queen of Spain, IX. 4‘23. See 
 Serrano. 
 
 Isabella of Bavaria, IY. 286, 1 c. 
 
 Isabella of England : see Edward II. and III. 
 Isabella of Valois: see Elizabeth of Va¬ 
 lois. 
 
 Isabella grape, I. 417, 2 b. 
 
 Isabey, Jean Baptiste [e-za-ba], French painter, 
 
 IX. 424. Eugene Louis Gabriel, painter, 1 c. 
 Is^e'us, Attic orator, IX. 424. 
 
 Isag'oras, rival of Clisthenes, II. 55, 2 a, c; 
 
 IY. 666, 1 c, 692, 1 c. 
 
 Isaiah [I-za'-ya], Hebrew prophet, IX. 424. 
 Isanti, county, IX. 424. 
 
 Isar [e'-zar], river of Germany, IX. 424. 
 
 Is'ara, river: see Is^re, IX. 425, 2 c. 
 
 Is’arus , river: see Isar. 
 
 Isa'tis (botany), XYI. 693, 1 c. I. tinctoria, 
 ib. (ill.). 
 
 Isaure, Clemence [e-zore], French patroness 
 of poetry, IX. 425. 
 
 Isauria, district of Asia Minor, IX. 425. 
 Isaurian, the: see Leo III., emperor. 
 
 Isca Damnoniorum: see Exeter, YII. 28, 2 a. 
 Isca Silurum, Roman station, III. 540, 1 c. 
 IscniA [is'-ke-a], island of Italy, IX. 425. Town 
 and castle, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Ischil: see Ischl. 
 
 Ischium [is'-ke-um], in anatomy, XIII. 241,1 a. 
 Ischl [ish’l], Austrian watering place, IX. 425. 
 Isdigerd: see Yezdegerd. 
 
41L 
 
 ISEGHEM 
 
 ISTAPAM 
 
 Iseghem [e'-zeh-ghem], Belgium, IX. 425. 
 Iselin, Henri Fr6d6ric [eez-la ng ], French sculp- 
 tor, IX. 425. 
 
 Isenberg [e'-zen-bairg], missionary in Abyssinia, 
 I. 48, 2 ab. 
 
 Iseke [e-zair], department of France, IX. 425. 
 River, 2 c. 
 
 Iserlohn [e'-zer-lone], town of Prussia, IX. 426. 
 Isernia [e-zair'-ne-a], town of Italy, IX. 426. 
 Isfahan: see Ispahan. 
 
 Ish'bosheth , son of Saul, V. 705, 2 c; VIII. 586, 
 2 ab. 
 
 Ish'mael, son of Abraham and Hagar, IX. 426; 
 I. 620, 2 b. 
 
 Ishmaelites , race: see Hagar, and Ishmael. 
 Ishmaelites , secret society, IX. 426, 2 a. See 
 Assassins. 
 
 Ishtar (Ashtoreth), II. 7, 1 b; XII. 109, 2 ab. 
 Is'idore Merca'tor, IX. 426. See Canon Law, 
 III. 718, 2 b, and Decretals. 
 
 Isido'rus, of Cbarax, geographer, IX. 426. Of 
 Seville, saint, 2 ab. 
 
 I'singlass, gelatine from fish sounds, IX. 426. 
 Mineral: see Mica. 
 
 Isis, Egyptian goddess, IX. 427; XII. 720, 1 a; 
 XIII. 486, 1 c. Temple of at Philse, 404, 
 2 c (ill., 405). 
 
 Isis, river: see Thames, XV. 688, 1 a. 
 Iskander, nom de plume: see Hertzen. 
 Iskander Beg : see Scanderbeg. 
 
 Isla, Jos6 Francisco de [ees'-la], Spanish au¬ 
 thor, IX. 427. 
 
 Isla, island : see Islay. 
 
 Is'lam, IX. 428; XI. 696, 2 c. Progress of 
 Islamism in India, IX. 229, 1 c. 
 
 Island, county, IX. 428. 
 
 Islay [i'-la], island of Scotland, IX. 428. 
 Islendinga bok, earliest monument of Icelandic 
 literature, IX. 153, 1 c. 
 
 Isle of France : see Mauritius. 
 
 Isle of Julia : see Graham Island. 
 
 Isle of Man : see Man. 
 
 Isle of Pines : see Pines. 
 
 Isle Royale [ile roi'-yal], island of Michigan, 
 IX. 428. Antiquities, 2 c. 
 
 Isle Royale [eel rwa-yal], first name of Cape 
 Breton, III. 741, 2 b. 
 
 Isle of Wight, England : see Wight. 
 
 Isle of Wight, county, IX. 428. 
 
 Isles of Shoals, New Hampshire, IX. 429. 
 Islington : see London, X. 596, 1 a. 
 
 Isly, battle of, I. 14, 2 c; III. 417, 2c. 
 Ismae'lians : see Assassins, and IX. 426, 2 a; 
 XV. 546, 1 ab. 
 
 Ismail [is-ma-eel'], town of Roumania, IX. 429. 
 
 Ismail I. ; see Ismail Pasha. 
 
 Ismailia [is-ma-e-le'-a], Egypt, IX. 429 (view). 
 
 Ismail Pasha, khedive of Egypt, IX. 430. See 
 Egypt, VI. 967, 2 c. 
 
 Ismail Pasha , official: see Ali, I. 311, 1 b. 
 
 Ismail Tutchkov : see Ismail, town. 
 
 Ismid [is-meed'J, town of Turkey, IX. 431. 
 
 Isnard, Maximin [ees-nar], French revolution¬ 
 ist, IX. 431. 
 
 Isocrates [i-sok'-ra-teez], orator, IX. 431. 
 
 Isodynamic lines, case of deflection of, XIV. 
 673, 1 b. 
 
 IsolaBella [e'-zo-la], Italy, III. 107, 2 c (ill., 108). 
 
 Isola di Caffa, IX. 731, 2 c. 
 
 Isola Madre [ma'-dra], III. 108, 1 ab. 
 
 Isoline, variety of weigela, XVI. 537, 1 a. 
 
 Isomer'ic substances : see Isomerism, Allo¬ 
 tropism, and II. 86, 2 a. 
 
 Isom'erism, in chemistry, IX. 431. 
 
 Isomet'ric Projection, in drawing, IX. 434. 
 
 Isomorphism, in chemistry, IX. 434; XI. 681, 
 2 c. Law of: see Chemistry, IV. 368, 1 a. 
 
 Isomorphous compounds : see Isomorphism, and 
 II. 86, 2 a. 
 
 Isonandra (botany), VIII. 343, 1 a. I. gutta, 
 ib. (ill.). 
 
 Isopods, crustaceans, IX. 434. 
 
 Isot'elus megis'tos, fossil trilobite, XV. 868, 2 c. 
 I. gigas, ib. 
 
 Isothermal Lines : see Climate, IV. 679, 2 a. 
 
 Isoto'ma longifo'ra (botany), X. 559, 2 b. 
 
 Ispaghul [-gool'J, kind of seeds, XIII. 595, 1 be. 
 
 Ispahan', city of Persia, IX. 434. Court of 
 the grand mosque (ill.), 435. 
 
 Israel: see Jacob. Kingdom of, VIII. 587, 2 a. 
 
 Israelites : see Hebrews. 
 
 Israels, Josef, Dutch painter, IX. 436. 
 
 Israel's sheep : see Hyrax, VIII. 138, 2 a. 
 
 Is’rafil, Mohammedan angel, IX. 12, 2 b; XI- 
 697, 2 c. 
 
 Issaque'na, county, IX. 436. 
 
 Issoire [ees-swar], town of France, IX. 436. 
 
 Issoudun [ees-soo-du ng ], townof France, IX.436 
 
 Issue, in law, IX. 436, 1 c; XIII. 607, 1 a. In 
 pleading, IX. 436, 2 c. Feigned, 437, 1 c. 
 
 Issue pea, product of the orange, XII. 664, 1 b. 
 
 Issus, ancient town of Cilicia, IX. 437. Bat¬ 
 tle of, 2 a; I. 276, 1 c. 
 
 Istambul [is-tam-bool'J, (Constantinople), V. 
 274, 1 a. 
 
 Istambul Boghazi (Bosporus), III. 112, 2 c. 
 
 Istapa [ees-ta-pa'J, Guatemala, IX. 437. 
 
 Istapam : see Istapa. 
 
ISTER 
 
 IXTLE 
 
 415 
 
 Ister : see Danube. 
 
 Isthmian Games, in Greece, IX. 437. 
 
 Istle [ees'-tla], fibre of bromelia, YIII. 633, 2 b. 
 Istria, peninsula and margraviate of Austria, 
 IX. 438. Duke of: see Bessi^res. 
 
 Isturiz, Francisco Xavier de [ees-too-reeth'], 
 Spanish statesman, IX. 438. 
 
 Isurium (Aldborough, Eng.), I. 267, 1 c. 
 Itab'iryte , mineral, IX. 407, 2 be. 
 Itacol'umite, rock, IX. 438. 
 
 Itala , old Latin version of the Bible, II. 613, 2 a. 
 Italian bailiwicks, the : see Ticino. 
 
 Italian May , species of spiraea, XV. 274, 2 c. 
 Italian republic, IX. 45.1, 1 b; IV. 613, 1 a. 
 Italian sea (Mediterranean), XI. 353, 2 c. 
 Italic character, origin of the, XI. 134, 2 b. 
 Italic Races and Languages, IX. 438. 
 Italiski, Prince : see Suvaroff. 
 
 Italy, kingdom of Europe, IX. 440. (Map.) 
 Former divisions, 2 b; present divisions and 
 population, 441, 1 a. Coasts, 2 b. Surface, 
 442, 1 ab. Rivers and lakes, 2 ab. Ge¬ 
 ology, 443, 1 a. Minerals, 2 c. Fossil re¬ 
 mains, 444, 2 a. Soil, 2 b. Climate, 2 c. 
 Productions, 445, 1 c. Agriculture, 2 b. 
 Animals, 446, 1 a. Inhabitants, 1 b. Edu¬ 
 cation, 2 ab. Libraries, &c., 2 c. Religion, 
 447, 1 a. Industry and commerce, 1 b. 
 Government, 2 b. Army and navy, 448, 
 
 1 c. Finances, 2 b. History, 2 c. 
 
 Italy, Language and Literature of, IX. 455. 
 Origin of the language, 1 b; not from the 
 Latin, 2 c. Pronunciation, 456,1 c. Gram¬ 
 mar, 2 be. Dialects, 457, 1 b. Character¬ 
 ization, 458, 1 a.—Early literature, 2 a. 
 Dante, 459, 1 a. Petrarch, 1 c. Boccaccio, 
 
 2 a. Influence of the Italian courts, 460, 
 1 b. Writers of the 15th century, 2 b; of 
 the 16th (age of Leo X.), 461, 1 b; of the 
 17th and 18th, 462, 2 a ; of the 19th, 463, 2 c. 
 
 taly, Wines of, IX. 467. Method of grape 
 culture, 2 ab. Wines of Piedmont, 2 c; 
 Lombardy and Venetia, 468, 1 ab; Tuscany, 
 1 c; southern Italy, 2 b; Sicily, 2 c; Sar¬ 
 dinia, ib. 
 
 Itard, Jean Marie Gaspard [e-tar], French 
 philosopher and surgeon, IX. 469. His ef¬ 
 forts for idiots, 170, 2 b. 
 
 Itasca, county, IX. 469. 
 
 Itasca, Lake of, IX. 469. 
 
 Itatiaiossu [e-ta-te-i-os-soo'], Brazilian moun¬ 
 tain, III. 218, 2 c. 
 
 Itauba [e-ta-oo'-ba], tree, III. 223, 2 a. 
 Itawamba, county, IX. 469. 
 
 iTcn, disease, IX. 469. Itch insect, 2 ab (ill.); 
 I. 55, 1 c. Norway itch, IX. 470, 2 ab. 
 Treatment, 2 c. 
 
 Ith'aca, village of New York, IX. 471. 
 
 Ithaca, county seat, VIII. 172, 1 a. 
 
 Ithaca, island of Greece," IX. 471. 
 
 Ithacius: see Idacius (Index). 
 
 Ithaginis [ith-aj'-e-nis], (ornithology), XIII. 
 143, 1 a. I. cruentus, 1 ab. 
 
 Itho'me, ancient fortress, XI. 416, 2 b, be; 417, 
 1 ab. 
 
 iTTENBAon, Franz [it'-ten-ba k h], German paint¬ 
 er, IX. 471. 
 
 I'turbide, Agustin de [Sp. e-toor-be'-f^a], em¬ 
 peror of Mexico, IX. 471. 
 
 Itza, Lake of: see Peten. 
 
 Itzaes [eet-sice'], Indian family of Central 
 America, IX. 473. 
 
 Iuka, county seat, XV. 770, 1 b. 
 
 lulus (entomology), XVI. 678, 1 a. I. Cana¬ 
 densis, 1 be (ill.). Other species. 
 
 lulus, son of iEneas, I. 141, 2 ab; 243, 2 a. 
 
 Ivan [e-van'], czars: see Russia. Ivan, son 
 of Anna Carlovna, I. 528, 1 c-2 a. His as¬ 
 sassination, IV. Ill, 2 c. 
 
 Ivan'off, Alexander Andreyevitch, Russian 
 painter, IX. 473. 
 
 Ives, Dr. Eli, first medical use of chloroform 
 by, IV. 502, 2 ab. Dr. Nathan B., ib. 
 
 Ives, Levi Silliman, American bishop, IX. 473. 
 
 Ives grape, I. 419, 1 c. 
 
 Ivi [e-ve'], plant, VII. 110, 1 c. 
 
 I'vory, IX. 474. Fossil, 2 b; XI. 84, 2 a. 
 Vegetable, IX. 475, 2 a. Artificial, 2 ab. 
 Ivory black, 2 b: see Bone Black. 
 
 Ivory, James, Scottish mathematician, IX. 475. 
 
 Ivory Coast, Africa, IX. 475. 
 
 Ivory plum, so styled, XVI. 674, 2 ab. 
 
 Ivrea [e-vra'-a], town of Italy, IX. 476. 
 
 Ivry [e-vre], battle of, IX. 476, 1 b. 
 
 Ivry-la-Bataille [e-vre-la-ba-tay’], village of 
 France, IX. 476. 
 
 Ivry-sur-Seine [-sur-sain], village near Paris, 
 IX. 476. 
 
 Ivy, plant, IX. 476. English ivy, 1 c (ill.). 
 Variegated ivies, 477, 1 c (ill.). Irish ivy, 
 ib. Other kinds, 2 b. 
 
 Ivy Lane club, London, IX. 664, 2 c. 
 
 Iwakura [e-wa-koo'-ra], Japanese statesman, 
 IX. 546, 1 c; 547, 1 ab. 
 
 Ix'ia, genus of plants, VII. 249, 1 a (ixias). 
 
 Ixi'on, mythical, IX. 477; IV. 201, 2 c. 
 
 Ixo'des (epizoa), VI. 695, 1 c. 
 
 Ixtle [eex'-tla], fibre of bromelia, VIII. 633, 2 b. 
 
416 
 
 IXTLILXOCHITL 
 
 JACOB 
 
 Ixtlilxo'chitl, Fernando de Alva, Indian his¬ 
 torian, IX. 477. 
 
 Iyeyasu [e-ya-ya'-soo], Japanese shogun, IX. 
 542, 2 c; 564, 2 a. His burial place, XII. 
 445, 2 c. 
 
 Izabal [e-sa-bah], Guatemala, IX. 478. 
 
 Izabal , lake : see Dulce. 
 
 Izalco [e-sal'-ko], volcano of, IX. 478. 
 
 Izalco, town of San Salvador, IX. 478. 
 
 Izanagi [e-za-na'-ghe], Japanese divinity, IX. 
 541, 1 b. 
 
 Izanami , Japanese divinity, IX. 541, 1 b. 
 Izard Te-zar], wild goat, XIV. 108, 2 b. 
 
 Iz'ard, county, IX. 478. 
 
 Izard, Ralph, American statesman, IX. 478. 
 
 I'zed, in Persian demonology, V. 793, 2 be. 
 Iztaccihuatl [ees-tak-se'-wAtl], volcano of 
 Mexico, IX. 478. 
 
 J, a letter, IX. 479. Its sound in different 
 languages, la. I hollandais, 1 c. 
 
 Jabbok, brook of Palestine, IX. 684, 1 a. 
 Jab'iru, bird, IX. 479 (ill.). 
 
 Jablonski, Paul Ernst [ya-blone'-ske], German 
 orientalist, IX. 479. 
 
 Jacamar', bird, IX. 479 (ill., 480). 
 
 Jacam' erops (ornithology), IX. 479, 2 c. J. 
 
 grandis, 480, 1 be. 
 
 Jaca'na, bird, IX. 480 (ill.). 
 
 Jacarandd [zha-ka-ra“ s -da/], tree, III. 223, 1 c. 
 Jacare [zha-ka-ra'J, kind of alligator, I. 333,1 c. 
 Jacatra [ja-ka'-tra]: see Batavia, II. 380, 2 c. 
 Jacchus grandis, fossil ouistiti, XI. 753, 2 a. 
 Jachmann, Eduard Karl Emanuel [ya k h'-man], 
 German naval officer, IX. 481. 
 
 Jack, county, IX. 481. 
 
 Jack (in union jack), origin of the word, VII. 
 249, 2 c. 
 
 Jackal [jak'-awl], species of wild dog, IX. 481 
 (ill.). See Dog. 
 
 Jackdaw, bird, IX. 481 (ill., 482). So-called 
 jackdaw, VIII. 145, 2 c. 
 
 “ Jack the Giant Queller,' 1 ' 1 opera, referred to, 
 III. 316, 2 be. 
 
 “Jack with a lantern,' 1 ' 1 IX. 177, 2 ab. 
 
 Jack o' 1 Lent, puppet, X. 344, 1 c. 
 
 Jack Pudding, harlequin, VIII. 463, 2 b. 
 Jack-in-tJie-pulpit: see Wake-Robin. 
 Jacksboro, county seat, IX. 481, 1 b. 
 
 Jackson, name of twenty counties, IX. 482. 
 Jackson, city of Michigan, IX. 484. 
 
 Jackson, capital of Mississippi, IX. 485. Town 
 of Louisiana, 2 a. City of Tennessee, 2 ab. 
 West Tennessee college, 2 be. 
 
 Jackson, county seats, I. 373, 2 c; III. 240, 2 a; 
 504, 1 b; 747, 2 c; IX. 483, 2 b; 484, 1 b; 
 XII. 487, 1 b. 
 
 Jackson, Andrew, president of the United 
 States, IX. 485. Early life, 486, 1 a. Mar¬ 
 
 riage, 1 c. Member of congress, 2 c. U. S. 
 senator, 487, 1 a. Supreme court judge of 
 Tennessee, ib. Duel with Dickinson, 1 c. 
 His relations with Burr, 2 be. War of 1812, 
 488, 1 c. Quarrel with the Bentons, 2 ab. 
 His victories over the Indians, 489, 1 a. 
 U. S. major general, 1 c. Seizure of Pensa¬ 
 cola, 2 a. Defence of New Orleans, 2 c; 
 battle of, 490, 1 c. Troubles with civilians, 
 
 491, 1 a. Seminole war, 1 c. Execution of 
 Arbuthnot and Ambrister, ib. Governor of 
 Florida, 2 b. U. S. senator, 2 c. President, 
 
 492, 1 a. Reelected, 2 b. Proclamation 
 against the nullifiers, 2 be; XII. 534, 1 b. 
 Removal of the deposits, IX. 492, 2 c. Vote 
 of censure upon him, 493, 1 ab; expunged, 
 
 1 b. Characterization, 1 c. Biographies, 
 
 2 a. See United States, XVI. 166, 1 ab, ff. 
 Jackson, Charles, American jurist, IX. 493. 
 
 James, physician, 2 c. Patrick Tracy, mer¬ 
 chant, 494, lb; V. 413, 1 a. 
 
 Jackson, Charles Thomas, American physicist, 
 IX. 494. Invention of the electric telegraph 
 claimed by him, 2 be; discovery of amesthet- 
 ics, 495, 1 b. 
 
 Jackson, John, English painter, IX. 495. 
 Jackson, Samuel, American physician, IX. 495. 
 Jackson, Thomas, English clergyman, IX. 495. 
 Jackson, Thomas Jonathan, American soldier, 
 IX. 496. 
 
 Jackson, William, English composer, IX. 496' 
 Jacksonborough, county seat, III. 662, 1 a. 
 Jacksonport, county seat, IX. 483, 1 c. 
 Jacksonville, city of Florida, IX. 496. City 
 of Illinois, 497, 1 be. 
 
 Jacksonville, county seats, III. 583, 1 a; VI. 
 333, 2 c; VII. 288, 1 c; IX. 484, 2 c; XV. 
 631, 2 a. 
 
 Jacmel [zhak-mel], town of Havti, IX. 497. 
 Jacob, Hebrew patriarch, IX. 497. 
 
JACOB 
 
 JALAPINE 
 
 417 
 
 Jacob, Bibliophile [zha-kub]; see Lacroix, Paul. 
 
 Jacob , Henry , early Independent, IX. 199, 1 c. 
 
 Jacobean Lily, IX. 498 (ill.). 
 
 Jaco'bi, Abraham, American physician,IX. 498. 
 
 Jacobi, Friedrich Heinrich [ya'-ko-be], Ger¬ 
 man philosopher, IX. 498; XI. 813, 2 ab; 
 XIII. 442, 1 a. Johann Georg, poet, IX. 
 499, 1 b. Maximilian, physician, 1 be. 
 
 Jacobi, Karl Gustav Jakob, mathematician, IX. 
 499. Moritz Hermann, savant, 2 b. 
 
 Jacobi foundation , medical association of Ger¬ 
 many, IX. 499, 1 c. 
 
 “ Jacobiniadff satire, referred to, VII. 621,1 a. 
 
 Jac'obins [Fr. zha-kuh-ba ng ], French revolu¬ 
 tionary club, IX. 499. Treatment of Lafay¬ 
 ette by, X. 98, 1 b. 
 
 Jacobins (Dominicans), VI. 201, 1 ab. 
 
 Ja'cobites, Christian sect, IX. 500. See Bar- 
 adasus (Index) ; Eutychus ; Copts, Y. 332, 
 2 c, 334, 1 ab; Nestorians, XII. 240, 2 c; 
 Syria, XV. 546,1 b.—Political party in Great 
 Britain, IX. 500, 2 a. 
 
 Jacobs, Christian Friedrich Wilhelm [ya'-kups], 
 German author, IX. 500. Paul Emil, paint¬ 
 er, 2 b. 
 
 Jacobs, Jacques Albert Michel [Fr. zha-kub], 
 Belgian painter, IX. 500. 
 
 Jacobs, Pierre Francois, painter, IX. 500. 
 
 Jacob's bridge , over the Jordan, IX. 683, 2 b. 
 
 Jacobs Jacobs: see Jacobs, J. A. M. 
 
 Jacobson, William, English bishop, IX. 500. 
 
 Jacoby, Johann [ya'-ko-be], German publicist, 
 IX. 501. (Died 1877.) 
 
 Jacoby, Ludwig Sigismund, clergyman,IX. 501. 
 
 Jacotot, Joseph [zha-kuh-to], French educator, 
 IX. 501. 
 
 Jacquand, Claudius [zha-ka ng ], painter, IX. 501. 
 
 Jacquard, Joseph Marie [zha-kar], mechani¬ 
 cian, IX. 502. See Weaving, XVI. 524,1 ab. 
 
 Jacqueline of Bavaria [zhak-leen], IX. 502. 
 
 Jacquemart, Albert [zhak-mar], French author, 
 IX. 503. Jules Ferdinand, engineer, 1 be. 
 
 Jacquemont, Victor [zhak-md ng ], French trav¬ 
 eller and naturalist, IX. 503. 
 
 Jacquerie [zhak-re], insurrection in France, IX. 
 503; VII. 381, 1 b. See Serf, XIV. 775, 2 a. 
 
 Jacques Borihomme [zhak bun-urn]: see Jacque¬ 
 rie. 
 
 Jacques Cartier [kar-tya], county, IX. 503. 
 
 Jacquier, Nicolas [zha-kya], French orthope¬ 
 dist, IX. 503. 
 
 Jacquin, Nicolas Joseph von, baron [zha-ka ng, J, 
 Austrian botanist, IX. 504. Joseph Franz, 
 botanist and chemist, 1 b. 
 
 27 
 
 Jade [ya'-dSh], river of Germany, IX. 504. 
 Jade Neph'rite, mineral, IX. 504. 
 
 Jad'era , ancient town : see Zara. 
 
 Jadin, Louis Emmanuel [zha-da ng ], French com¬ 
 poser, IX. 504. 
 
 Jadin, Louis Godefroy, painter, IX. 504. 
 
 Jaell, Alfred [ya'-el], German pianist, IX. 504. 
 Jaen [ k ha-ain'], province of Spain, IX. 504. 
 City, 2 be. 
 
 Jaffa, town of Palestine, IX. 504 (view, 505). 
 Jaffar: see Geber (Index). 
 
 Jaffar, vizier: see Barmecides, and Haroun al- 
 Raschid. 
 
 Jaffna : see Jaffnapatam. 
 
 Jaffnapatam', district of India, IX. 505. 
 Town, 2 c. 
 
 Jagannath [ja-gan-nat']: see Juggernaut. 
 Jagataian literature , XVI. 65, 1 a. 
 
 Jagello : see Jagellon. 
 
 Jagellon [ya-ghel'-lon], Polish royal family, 
 IX. 506. 
 
 Jagemann, Karoline [ya'-geh-man], German 
 actress, IX. 506. 
 
 Jager, Gustav [ya'-gher], painter, IX. 506. 
 Jdgers, the , in German infantry, IX. 270, 1 c. 
 Jaggery , palm sugar, IV. 791,1 a; XIII. 19, 2 b. 
 Jagiello [ya-gyel'-lo]: see Jagellon. 
 
 Jagiello university , in Cracow, V. 452, 2 c. 
 Jago coclc , IV. 780, 2 a. 
 
 Jaguar [jag-war'], animal, IX. 506 (ill.). 
 
 Jah [ja], Hebrew name of God, IX. 600, 1 ab. 
 Jaiide : see Jade. 
 
 Jahn, Friedrich Ludwig [yan], German patriot, 
 IX. 507. 
 
 Jaiin, Johann, orientalist, IX. 507. 
 
 Jahn, Otto, philologist, IX. 507. 
 
 Jahr, Georges Henri Gottlieb [zhar], French 
 physician, IX. 507. 
 
 Jail fever , VII. 166, 2 c. 
 
 Jailum [ji'-lum] : see Jhylum. 
 
 Jamas: see Jains. 
 
 Jains [jines], religious sect of India, IX. 507; 
 
 214, 2 b; 229, 1 c. Temples of, 204, 2 c. 
 Jai Singh [ji sing], observatory of, II. 515, 1 a. 
 Jakob, Ludwig Heinrich von [ya'-kup], Ger¬ 
 man author, IX. 508. 
 
 Jal, Auguste [zhal], French author, IX. 508. 
 Jalabert, Charles Francois [zha-la-bair], paint¬ 
 er, IX. 508. 
 
 Jal'ap, drug, IX. 509. Plant, 1 a (ill.). 
 Jalapa [ k ha-la'-pa], town of Mexico, IX. 510 
 (view). 
 
 Jalap'ic acid, resin, IX. 509, 2 b. 
 
 Jalapine [jal'-a-pin], resin, IX. 509, 2 b. 
 
418 
 
 JALDABAOTH 
 
 JAPAN 
 
 Jaldabaoth, in Gnosticism, VIII. 53, 1 a. 
 
 Jaley, Jean Louis Nicolas [zha-la], French 
 sculptor, IX. 510. 
 
 Jalisco [ k ha-lees'-ko], state of Mexico, IX. 510. 
 
 Jam, a preserve, XIII. 823, 1 b. 
 
 Jamai'ca, British West Indian island, IX. 510. 
 Central mountain range of, II. 759, 1 c. 
 
 Jamaica, town of New York, IX. 513. 
 
 Jamaica brick mould, soil, IX. 512, 1 a. 
 
 Jamaica mignonette (henna), VIII. 638, 1 a. 
 
 Jamaica pepper (allspice), I. 337, 1 b. 
 
 Jamaltica [ k ha-mal-te'-ka], ruins in Honduras, 
 IX. 513. 
 
 Jambe JArgent [zha ng b dar-zha ng ]: see Cnou- 
 ans, IV. 520, 2 ab, 521, 1 a. 
 
 Jamblichus: see iAMBLicnus. 
 
 James, county, IX. 513. 
 
 James I., king of Scotland, IX. 513. 
 
 James II., king of Scotland, IX. 514. 
 
 James III., king of Scotland, IX. 515. 
 
 James IV., king of Scotland, IX. 515. 
 
 James V., king of Scotland, IX. 516. 
 
 James I. of England, and VI. of Scotland, 
 IX. 516. “ Demonologie ” of, XIV. 697, 2 a. 
 The currency in his reign, XI. 739, 1 c. 
 
 James II. of England, and VII. of Scotland, 
 IX. 517. His efforts to overthrow the Eng¬ 
 lish constitution and to restore the Catho r 
 lie religion, 518, 1 be. Expelled from the 
 throne, 2 c. His attempt to dispense with 
 the oaths of allegiance and supremacy: see 
 Burnet, Thomas. The issue of debased coin 
 authorized by him, XI. 739, 2 b. 
 
 James, Epistle of, IX. 519. 
 
 James, George Payne Rainsford, English nov¬ 
 elist, IX. 519. 
 
 James, Henry, American philosopher, IX. 519. 
 Henry, jr., author, 2 c. 
 
 James, Sir Henry, English engineer, IX. 520. 
 
 James, John Angell, clergyman, IX. 520. 
 
 James, Robert, physician, IX. 520. 
 
 James, Saint, the Elder, IX. 520. Relics of, 
 XIV. 621, 2 a. The Less, IX. 520, 2 b. 
 
 James, Thomas, English clergyman, IX. 520. 
 
 James bay , part of Hudson bay, IX. 29, 1 c. 
 
 James City, county, IX. 521. 
 
 James Francis Edward Stuart, pretender, 
 IX. 521. 
 
 Ja'meson, Anna, English authoress, IX. 522. 
 
 Jameson, Robert, Scottish naturalist, IX. 522. 
 
 Jamesone, George, Scottish painter, IX. 522. 
 
 James's powder, I. 565, 2 a; IX. 520, 2 a. 
 
 James River, Virginia, IX. 522. 
 
 Jamestown, village of New York, IX. 523. 
 
 Jamestown, Virginia, IX. 523. Settlement of, 
 
 1 c; XVI. 150, 2 a. 
 
 Jamestown , county seats, VII. 132,1 be; XIV. 
 474, 2 c. 
 
 Jamestown weed, V. 700, 2 a. 
 
 Jami (Abderrahman ben Ahmed), [ja'-me], Per¬ 
 sian poet, IX. 523 ; XIII. 327, 1 c. 
 
 Jamieson, John, Scottish clergyman, IX. 523. 
 
 Jana: see Janus. 
 
 Janausciiek, Fanny [ya'-now-shek], Bohemian 
 actress, IX. 524. 
 
 Janes, Edmund Stoner, American clergyman, 
 IX. 524. (Died 1876.) 
 
 Janesville, city of Wisconsin, IX. 524. 
 
 Janet, Paul [zha-na], French author, IX. 524. 
 
 Janet-Lange, Antoine Louis [-la ng zh], French 
 painter, IX. 524. 
 
 Jangama Lingaism, Hindoo sect, IX. 229, 1 b. 
 
 Janin, Jules Gabriel [zha-na" g ], French author, 
 IX. 525. 
 
 Janie'ulan bill (Mons Janiculus), XIV. 409, 
 1 b and c. 
 
 Janina [ya'-ne-na], city of Albania, IX. 525 
 (view). Lake, 526, 1 a. 
 
 Jan'izaries, Turkish infantry, IX. 526 (ill.). 
 Origin of their disorder and insubordination, 
 I. 447, 1 a. Their extermination, 2 c. 
 
 Jan Mayen [yan mi'-en], island, IX. 527. 
 
 Jannequin, Clement [zhan-ka Dg ], French musi¬ 
 cian, IX. 527. 
 
 Jan Sahib [jan sa-lieeb'], Hindoo poetess, IX. 
 527. 
 
 Jansen, Annetje [an'-net-yeh yan'-sen]: see 
 Bogardus, Everardus, II. 780, 1 b. 
 
 Jansen, Cornelius : see Jansenius. 
 
 Jansen, Zacharias, invention of the telescope 
 claimed for, XV. 623, 1 a. 
 
 Jansenius, Cornelius, Dutch theologian, IX. 
 527. See Port Royal, XIII. 732, 1 c. 
 
 Janssen, investigations of the solar spectrum 
 by, XV. 473, 1 b; 475, 1 b. 
 
 Janssens, Abraham [yans'-sence], Flemish 
 painter, IX. 528. 
 
 Janthi’na (mollusca), XI. 723, 1 b. 
 
 Janua'rius, Saint, IX. 528. Liquefaction of his 
 blood, 529, 1 b. See Naples, XII. 140,1 b. 
 
 January, month, IX. 529. 
 
 Janus and Jana, Roman divinities, IX. 529. 
 
 Japan 1 , empire of Asia, IX. 529. (Map.) Polit¬ 
 ical divisions, 2 c; double system of names, 
 530, 1 ab. Cities, 1 b. Population, 1 c. 
 Coasts and rivers, 2 a. Surface, 2 be. Vol¬ 
 canoes and earthquakes, 2 c. Soil, 531,1 b. 
 Climate, 1 c. Minerals, 2 b. Flora, 532,1 b. 
 
JAPAN 
 
 JAVA 
 
 419 
 
 Fauna, 2 a. Inhabitants and social life, 533, 
 
 1 a. Agriculture, 535,1 be. Manufactures, 
 
 2 a. Commerce, 536, 1 a. Science, 2 c. 
 Fine arts, 537, 1 be. Dramas, 2 b. Reli¬ 
 gion, 2 c; 562, 1 a; 563, 1 b. Government, 
 539, 2 b ; 543, 1 a; 544, 2 a. Coinage, 540, 
 
 1 a. Army and navy, 1 b. Education, 1 c. 
 Internal improvements, 2 a. Foreign influ¬ 
 ence, 2 b. Reforms, 541, 1 a.—History, 1 b. 
 Establishment of Buddhism, 2 c. Foreign 
 intercourse with Japan begun, 543, 1 c. In¬ 
 troduction of Christianity, 2 b. Persecu¬ 
 tions of the Christians, 2 c. Policy of se¬ 
 clusion adopted, 544, 1 be. Social system, 
 
 2 a. Perry’s expedition to, 545,1 c. Policy 
 of seclusion abandoned, 2 ab. Abolition of 
 the sliogunate, 546, 1 c. Change in foreign 
 policy, 2 b. 
 
 Japan, Language and Literature of, IX. 547. 
 Structure of the language, 2 a. "Written 
 characters, 548, 1 a. Alphabet, 2 b (ill.). 
 Grammar, 549, 2 c.—Literature, 551, 2 a. 
 Standard histories, 2 b. Miscellaneous his¬ 
 torical works, 553, 1 be. Laws, 554, 2 b. 
 Biography, 556,1 b. Poetry, 557,1 a. Ro¬ 
 mances, 2 c. Miscellanies, 559, 2 b. Jour¬ 
 nals, 560,1 a. Travels, 1 b. Dramatic, 1 c. 
 Dictionaries and works on philology, 2 b. 
 Topography, 561, 2 ab. Literature of the 
 Shinto religion, 562, 1 a. Buddhist litera¬ 
 ture, 563,1 b. Modern fiction, 1 c. Miscel¬ 
 laneous literature, 2 ab. 
 
 Japan Clover, IX. 565 (ill.); XIII. 594, 1 a. 
 Japan lily , X. 472, 1 b. 
 
 Japanning, IX. 565. 
 
 Japan pea, IX. 565, 1 ab. 
 
 Japetic stock, of mankind, VI. 754, 1 c. 
 Jap'etus, mythical, IX. 566; VI. 754, 1 c. 
 Ja'pheth, son of Noah, IX. 566. Japhetic 
 family, 2 be; I. 799, 1 c. 
 
 Japho : see Jaffa. 
 
 Japura [ k ha-poo'-ra], river, IX. 567. 
 
 Japygia: see Apulia, Messapia, and IX. 449, 
 1 ab. Japygians, 439, 1 be. 
 
 JarcJii [jar'-ke]: see Solomon ben Isaac. 
 
 Jar diffusion, method of dialysis, VI. 71, 2 b. 
 Jaedin, Karel du: see Dujardin, Karel. 
 Jardin des plantes [zhar-da ng da pla ne t], Paris, 
 VII. 681, 2 c; XIII. 81, 1 c, 87, 1 a. 
 
 Jar god, of the Egyptians, III. 720, 1 c (ill.). 
 Jargon, variety of zircon, XVI. 829, 1 a. 
 Jargonium: see Zirconium, XVI. 829, 1 ab. 
 Jarnac [zhar-nak], town of France, IX. 567. 
 Battle of, 1 c. Coup de Jarnac, ib. 
 
 Jaroslav: see Yaroslav. 
 
 Jarrah, W. Australia mahogany, XVI. 563,1 a. 
 Jaerow, town of England, IX. 567. 
 
 Jarves, James Jackson, American author, IX. 
 
 567. Jarves gallery of , art, XVI. 767, 1 a. 
 Jarvis, Abraham, bishop, IX. 567. Samuel 
 
 Farmer, clergyman, 2 c. 
 
 Jarvis, Edward, physician and statistician, IX. 
 
 568. On the census, IV. 197,1 c. His table 
 of personal inquiries in the censuses of dif¬ 
 ferent countries, 200, 2 a. 
 
 Jasher, Book of, IX. 568. A treatise on Jew¬ 
 ish laws, 2 b. A forgery so called, 2 c. 
 Jasmin, Jacques [zhas-ma ng ], Provencal poet, 
 IX. 568. 
 
 Jasmine [jaz'-min], shrub, IX. 569 (ill.). Cape 
 jasmine, 570, 1 a (ill.). Carolina or yellow 
 jasmine, 1 c. 
 
 Jasmi'num (botany), IX. 569, 1 c. J. offici¬ 
 nale, 2 b (ill.), and other species. 
 
 Jason: see Argonauts. 
 
 Jasper, mineral, IX. 570. 
 
 Jasper, name of seven counties, IX. 571. 
 Jasper, county seats, VI. 282, 2 a; VIII. 413, 
 la; IX. 571, 1 c; XI. 169, 1 ab; XII. 345, 
 1 a; XIII. 497, 2 a; XVI. 428, 2 be. 
 
 Jasper, William, American soldier, IX. 571. 
 Jasper ware, AFedgwood’s, XIII. 783, 1 b. 
 Jassiorum Municipium, IX. 572, 1 be. 
 
 Jassy [yas'-se], capital of Moldavia, IX. 572. 
 Jaszbereny [yas'-ber-ainy’], town of Hungary, 
 IX. 572. 
 
 Jateorrhiza palmata (botany), V. 122, 2 c. J. 
 calumba, ib. 
 
 Jathrip'pa: see Medina, XI. 353, 1 c. 
 Jat'ropha elas'tica (botany), III. 734, 1 c. 
 
 Jats [jats], race of India, IX. 572; 213, 2 b, 
 214, 1 b. 
 
 Jaubert, Pierre Amed6e Emilien Probe [zho- 
 bair], French orientalist, IX. 572. 
 
 Jauer [yow'-er], town of Prussia, IX. 572. 
 Jauja [ k how'- k ha], town of Peru, IX. 573. 
 Jaundice [jan'-dis], morbid affection, IX. 573. 
 The two types of, 2 ab. See Cholesterine, 
 IV. 514, 2 c. 
 
 Jaunpoor : see Joonpoor. 
 
 Jauts: see Jats. 
 
 Java [ja'-va], East Indian island, IX. 573. 
 Coasts, 2 c. Geology, volcanoes, &c., 574, 
 
 1 a. Lakes and rivers, 2 a. Climate, 2 b. 
 Flora, 2 c. Fauna, 575, 1 ab. Political di¬ 
 visions, 1 be. People, 1 c. Occupations, 
 
 2 b. Ancient remains, 576, 1 a (ill., temple 
 of Borobobo). Music, 1 c. Religion, 2 a. 
 
420 
 
 JAVA 
 
 JELALABAD 
 
 Commerce, 2 be. Government, 2 c. His¬ 
 tory, 577, 1 c. 
 
 Java, Language and Literature of, IX. 578. 
 Alphabet, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Ja'van: see Japheth, IX. 566, 2 c. Children 
 of, 330, 2 c. 
 
 Jav'an cock , IV. 780, 2 a. 
 
 Java sparrow, VII. 190, 2 a. 
 
 Javelin [jav'-lin], Roman, I. 734, 2 c. 
 
 Jaw crushers , in gold mining, VIII. 84, 2 a. 
 
 Jaxartes [jax-ar'-teez], river of Asia, IX. 579. 
 
 Jay, bird, IX. 579. Blue jay, 1 c (ill.). Can¬ 
 ada jay, &c., 2 c. European jay, 580, 1 a. 
 
 Jay, county, IX. 580. 
 
 Jay, John, American statesman and jurist, IX. 
 580. In the American revolution, 2 a. Diplo¬ 
 matic career, 581,2 b; 582,2 a. Jay’s treaty, 
 2 ab; I. 91, 1 b. Defence of by Chief Jus¬ 
 tice Marshall, XI. 200, 2 a. Adoption of the 
 federal constitution advocated by him, IX. 
 582, 1 c. Chief Justice, ib. Governor of 
 JSTew York, 583, 1 c. Opposition to slavery, 
 ib. —William, jurist and philanthropist, 2 be. 
 John, lawyer and diplomatist, 584, 1 be. 
 
 Jay, William, English clergyman, IX. 584. 
 
 Jayadeva [ji-a-da'-va], Hindoo poet, IX. 584. 
 
 Jazet, Jean Pierre Marie [zlia-za], French en¬ 
 graver, IX. 584. Eugene and Alexandre Jean 
 Louis, 2 c. 
 
 Jazyges [jaz'-e-jeez], Sannatian tribe, IX. 584. 
 
 Jazygia : see Jazyges. 
 
 Jeaffreson, John Cordy [jef'-fer-sun], English 
 author, IX. 585. 
 
 Jean Jacques I. [zha ng zhak]: see Dessalines, 
 VI. 48, 2 b. 
 
 Jeanne JArc [zhan dark]: see Joan of Arc. 
 
 Jeanne la Hachette [la a-shet], French heroine, 
 II. 433, 1 b. 
 
 Jean Paul [zha ng pole]: see Richter. 
 
 Jean Potage [puh-tazh], harlequin,VIII. 463,2b. 
 
 Jeanron, Philippe Auguste [zha ng -ro ng ], French 
 painter, IX. 585. 
 
 Jebail [jeh-bile'], town of Syria, IX. 585. 
 
 Jebeil [j8h-bail']: see Jebail. 
 
 Jeb'el el-Abiad , mountains in Africa,III. 740,2 c. 
 
 Jebel esh-Shurki [-shoor'ke]: seeAxTi-LiBANus. 
 
 Jebel Libnan: see Lebanon. 
 
 Jebel Manhali [man-ha'-le]: see Cape Bab-el- 
 Mandel. 
 
 Jebel Nebi Earun [na'-be ha-roon']: see Hor. 
 
 Jebel Sabir , mountain, Yemen, XVI. 782, 1 b. 
 
 Jebel Shomer: see Shomer. 
 
 Jebus (Jerusalem), IX. 620, 1 a. 
 
 Jedburgh [Scot, jed'-bur-ruh], town of Scot¬ 
 
 land, IX. 585. Ruins of Jedburgh abbey, 
 2 c (ill.) 
 
 Jeddah : see Jiddah. 
 
 Jefferson, twenty-three counties, IX. 586. 
 Jefferson, city of Texas, IX. 588. 
 
 Jefferson , county seats, I. 808, 2 a; II. 7, 1 a; 
 
 VIII. 228, 2 b; IX. 482, 2 b; 588, 1 b. 
 Jefferson, Thomas, president of the United 
 
 States, IX. 589. His bill permitting manu¬ 
 mission, 1 c. His course against British ag¬ 
 gression, 2 a. Delegate to congress, 590,1 a. 
 Declaration of Independence, 1 c; charge of 
 want of originality, 2 ab. Reforms in the 
 organic laws of Virginia, 2 c. Governor of 
 the state, 591, 2 a. Member of congress, 592, 
 
 1 b. Minister to Europe, 2 a; to France, 2 b. 
 Secretary of state, 2 c. Leader of the re¬ 
 publicans, 593, 1 a, c. The affair of Genest, 
 
 2 a. Elected vice president, 594,1 a ; pres¬ 
 ident, 2 a. Purchase of Louisiana, 2 c. Re¬ 
 elected, 595,1 a. Embargo, 1 b. Principal 
 founder of the university of Virginia, 1 c. 
 Characterization, 2 a. His views on slavery, 
 596, 2 a. His works, 2 b (see 592,1 a). His 
 plan of national coinage, 592, 1 be; IV. 26, 
 2 ab. Opposition to quarantine legislation, 
 XIV. 130, 2 a. 
 
 Jefferson City, capital of Missouri, IX. 596. 
 Jeffersonia, plant, IX. 597 (ill.). 
 
 Jeffersonton , county seat, III. 647, 2 a. 
 Jeffersonville, city of Indiana, IX. 597. 
 u Jeffre'idos” satirical poem, VI. 336, 1 a. 
 Jeffrey, Francis, Scottish critic, IX. 597. 
 Jeffrey , Posa: see Vertner. 
 
 Jeffreys, George, lord, English judge, IX. 
 598; II. 404, 1 a. 
 
 Jeffries, John, American physician, IX. 599. 
 His balloon voyage across the British chan, 
 nel, 2 a; I. 146, 2 a. 
 
 Jehan , Shah [je-lian'], emperor, IX. 208, 2 c. 
 Jehanghir[]z-\\&n-g\iQQr'~\, emperor, IX. 208,2 be. 
 Jehiel , Nathan ben , his ’Arukh referred to, 
 IV. 231, 1 c (Chaldee Language). 
 jEnosn'APHAT, king of Judah, IX. 599. Val¬ 
 ley of, 2 c; 612, 2 a, b (see map). 
 jEiiovAn, Hebrew name of the Supreme Being, 
 
 IX. 599. See Adonai. 
 
 Jejee'bhoy, Sir Jamsetjee, Parsee philanthro¬ 
 pist, IX. 600. Cursetjee, his son, 2 a. 
 Jejunia quatuor £em/}0nm,fastdays,VI.559,2b. 
 Jejunium quadragesimale , Lent, X. 343, 1 c. 
 Jejunum , in anatomy, IX. 323, 2 b. 
 Jelalabad', two towns of Afghanistan, IX. 
 600. 
 
JE L’AY EMPRI 
 
 JESUITS 
 
 421 
 
 Je Vay empri [zhuh la, a ng -pre], device, YIII. 
 89, 2 a. 
 
 Jelf, Richard William, English clergyman, IX. 
 
 600. William Edward, author, 1 c. 
 Jellaciiicii de Buzim, Joseph, baron [yel'-la- 
 chitch deh boo'-zim], Austrian general, IX. 
 600. See Austria, II. 146, 1 c; Hungary, 
 IX. 59, 2 b, ff. 
 
 Jelly , XIII. 823, 1 be. 
 
 Jelly Fish, IX. 601. Sun fish, 1 c (ill.). Stages 
 of growth, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Jelum : see Jhylum. 
 
 Jemadar , Hindoo officer, XIV. 770, 2 be. 
 
 Jemez [ha'-mess], county seat, XIV. 616, 1 b. 
 Jemmapes [zhem-map], village of Belgium, IX. 
 602. Battle of, 2 a. 
 
 Jena [ya'-na], town of Germany, IX. 602. 
 University, 2 be. Battle of Jena, 603, 1 be; 
 III. 42, 2 ab. 
 
 Jengis Khan : see Genghis Khan. 
 
 Jenisei: see Yenisei. 
 
 Jenkinson, Charles: see Liverpool, earl of. 
 Robert Banks, ib. 
 
 Jenner, Edward, English physician, discoverer 
 of vaccination, IX. 603. 
 
 Jenner, Sir William, physician, IX. 604. 
 Jennings, county, IX. 604. 
 
 Jennings, William, English miser, IX. 604. 
 Jen'yns, Soame, English author, IX. 604. 
 
 J EPHTnAH, a judge of Israel, IX. 605. 
 
 Jeque [ k ha'-ka], title of Muysca chief and priest, 
 XII. 107, 2 a, b. 
 
 jEQUiTiNnoNHA [zlia-ke-te-nyo'-nya], river of 
 Brazil, IX. 605. 
 
 Jerash : see Gerasa. 
 
 Jer'boa, animal, IX. 605 (ill.). 
 
 Jeremiah, Hebrew prophet, IX. 606. 
 
 Jerez de la Frontera [ k ha-raith / da la frone- 
 ta'-ra], town of Spain, IX. 606. 
 
 Jerfalcon : see Gerfalcon. 
 
 Jericho, ancient city of Palestine, IX. 607. 
 Jericho, Rose of: see Rose of Jericho. 
 Jerked beef, XIII. 823, 2 c. 
 
 Jerobo'am, founder of the kingdom of Israel, 
 IX. 607. Son of Joash, king, 1 c. 
 
 Jerome, king of Westphalia: see Bonaparte, 
 J6r6me, III. 26. 
 
 Jerome, Saint, IX. 607. His version of the 
 Bible, 608, 1 a, b; II. 613, 2 a. Study and 
 tomb of, II. 595, 2 b. The four gospels col¬ 
 lected in one volume by him, XI. 635, 2 c. 
 Jerome of Ascoli (Pope Nicholas IV.), allusion 
 to, II. 207, 1 ab. 
 
 Jerome of Prague, reformer, IX. 608. 
 
 Jeropiga tinta [zha-ro-pe'-ga tee^'-ta]: seo 
 Portugal, Wines of, XIII. 746, 1 be. 
 Jerrold, Douglas William, English author, IX. 
 
 609. William Blanchard, author, 2 a. 
 Jersey, county, IX. 609. * 
 
 Jersey, Channel island, IX. 609. Mount Or- 
 gueil castle, 610, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 “ Jersey Blues f allusion to, V. 724, 1 b. 
 Jersey City, city of New Jersey, IX. 610. 
 Jersey forge , II. 742, 2 b. 
 
 Jerseyxille , county seat, IX. 609, 2 c. 
 Jerub'baal : see Gideon. 
 
 Jerusalem, city of Palestine, IX. 612. Envi¬ 
 rons, 2 a. Plan, 613. Ancient walls, 1 c. 
 Modern city, 2 be. Ancient temple, 614,1 c. 
 Great mosque, 615, 1 a (ill., 614). Harain 
 esh-Sherif, 2 ab. Church of the Holy Sepul¬ 
 chre, 2 be (ill., 616). Citadel, 617, 2 b. 
 Tomb of David, 2c; of the Virgin Mary, 618, 
 1 a (ilk). Explorations, 1 c. Government, 2 c. 
 Jews, 619,1 a. Christians, 1 c. History, 620, 
 
 1 a.—Ancient sewerage of, XIV. 795, 1 ab. 
 Jerusalem, county seat, XV. 188, 2 b. 
 Jerusalem, king of, so called, IX. 834, 1 b. 
 Jerusalem, kingdom of, established, V. 529, 1 b; 
 
 destroyed, 531, 2 b. See Jerusalem, IX. 
 622, 1 a. 
 
 Jerusalem, Johann Friedrich Wilhelm [ya-roo'- 
 za-lem], German theologian, IX. 622. 
 Jerusalem artichoke, I. 782, 1 c. 
 
 Jerusalem Cherry, plant, IX. 622 (ill.). 
 Jervas, Charles, British painter, IX. 623. 
 Jervis, Sir John, earl of St. Vincent, admiral, 
 IX. 623. 
 
 Jesi [ya'-ze], town of Italy, IX. 623. 
 
 Jesi, Samuele, Italian engraver, IX. 623. 
 Jessamine [jes'-sa-min]: see Jasmine. 
 Jessamine, county, IX. 623. 
 
 Jesse, John Heneage, English author, IX. 623. 
 Jesso : see Yezo. 
 
 Jessulmeer', town of India, IX. 623. 
 
 Jester: see Fool. 
 
 Jesuits, religious order, IX. 623. Origin, 2 c. 
 Constitutions, 625,1 c. “ Spiritual Exercises ” 
 of St. Ignatius, 628, 2 a. Growth, 629, 1 b. 
 Missions, 630, 1 a. Their expulsion from 
 Portugal, Spain, and France, 2 c. Suppres¬ 
 sion, 631, 1 c; in Austria (1773), XI. 731, 
 
 2 a; in the German empire (1873), 732, 1 a, 
 VII. 760, 2 c; in Russia (1821—’2), I. 283, 
 2 a. Restoration, IX. 632, 1 a. Varying for¬ 
 tunes in Italy, Spain, &c., 1 c. In America, 
 634, 1 a. Present number, 2 ab. Generals, 
 2 c. Scholars and writers, 635, 1 a. Im- 
 
422 
 
 JESUITS 
 
 JOGUES 
 
 moral ethical principles attributed to, 1 be. 
 Their quarrel with the Jansenists: see Jan- 
 senius, Poet Royal, and Pascal.—I n Abys¬ 
 sinia, I. 46, 1 c, 48, 2 a; in Japan, XII. 472, 
 
 1 b. Their geographical discoveries referred 
 to, VII. 685, 2 b. 
 
 Jesuits’ Baek : see Cinchona. 
 
 Jes f up, county seat, XVI. 519, 1 c, 
 
 Jesus Cheist, IX. 635. See Cheistianity. 
 Jesus patib'ilis : see Manichbsans, XI. 107, 2 b. 
 Jeswunt Bow Uolkar , Hindoo chieftain, IX. 
 254, 1 c. 
 
 Jet, mineral, IX. 638; III. 344, 2 a. 
 
 Je'teb, Jeremiah B., American clergyman, IX. 
 638. 
 
 Jetsam : see Flotsam. 
 
 Jettison , in law, II. 160, 2 b; VII. 286, 1 b. 
 Jeu celeste [zliiih sa-lest], in pianos, XIII. 491, 
 
 2 b. 
 
 Jeunesse doree , la [la zhiih~ness do-ra], political 
 association, VII. 482, 1 c; IX. 500, 1 b, 
 Jev'ons, William Stanley, English author, IX. 
 
 638. On logic, X. 582, 2 ab. Opposition to 
 the doctrine of evolution, 583, 1 b. On po¬ 
 litical economy, XIII. 674, 1 b. 
 
 Jew, the Wandering: see Wandeeing Jew. 
 Jewel, John, English bishop, IX. 638. 
 
 Jewell, county, IX. 639. 
 
 Jewell , John : see Jewel. 
 
 Jewell , Joseph , his preparation of calomel, III. 
 625, 1 a. 
 
 Jewell City , county seat, IX. 639, 1 a. 
 
 Jewish icailing place , in Jerusalem, IX. 615, 2 b. 
 Jews : see Hebbews (Index). 
 
 Jewsbuey, Maria Jane, English writer, IX. 
 
 639. Geraldine Endsor, writer, 1 b. 
 
 Jews' 1 mallow , plant, IX. 729, 2 a. 
 
 Jews’ pitch , II. 19, 2 c ; 672, 2 a. Origin of 
 the name, V. 726, 1 a. 
 
 Jeypooe [ji-poor'], state of India, IX. 639. 
 Capital city, 1 c. 
 
 Jezreel [jez'-re-el], fountain of, VII. 807, 2 a. 
 City of, 2 ab. 
 
 Jhansi [jan'-see], town of India, IX. 639. 
 Jharal , species of goat, VIII. 57, 1 b. 
 
 Jhils [jeels], ponds in Oude, XII. 738, 2 a. 
 Jhylum [jl'-lum], river of India, IX. 639. 
 
 Jib , sail, XIV. 865,1 c. Flying jib, jib boom, ib. 
 Jib , of a crane, V. 458, 2 b. 
 
 Jiddah, town of Arabia, IX. 639 (view, 640) ; 
 XV. 777, 1 ab. 
 
 Jig , in metallurgy, XI. 422, 2 c. 
 
 Jigat : see Dwaeaca. 
 
 Jigger , sand flea: see Chigo, and VI. 697, 1 c. 
 
 Jigger , in metallurgy, XI. 422, 2 c. 
 
 Jihoon': see Oxus. 
 
 Jimmu Tenno , emperor of Japan, IX. 541, 1 c. 
 
 Jinan [je'-nan], a Jain deity, IX. 508, 1 ab. 
 
 Jinns , genii, IX. 697, 2 c; VII. 63, 1 be. 
 
 Jipijapa hats [Sp. k he-pe- k ha/-pa], referred to, 
 VIII. 294, 1 a; XV. 413, 2 c. 
 
 Jizeh : see Gizeh. 
 
 Jizo [je'-zo], Japanese deities, IX. 539, 1 ab. 
 
 Jo'ab, Hebrew warrior, IX. 640. 
 
 Joachim, king of Maples: see Mueat. 
 
 Joachim, Joseph [yo'-a- k him], German violin¬ 
 ist, IX. 640. 
 
 Joachimsthal [yo'-a- k himce-tal], Bohemia, IX. 
 641. Origin of the term thaler, 1 b. Burn¬ 
 ing of the church of St. Joachim, 1 c. 
 
 Joachimsthaler , coin, VI. 187, 1 b. 
 
 Joan, Pope [jone], fictitious, IX. 641. Refu¬ 
 tation of the fiction, 2 a. Representation 
 of it in a miracle play, XI. 627, 1 b. 
 
 Joan of Aec, French heroine, IX. 641. See 
 Chaeles VII., IV. 286, 2 b. Capture and 
 condemnation, II. 449, 1 a. Place of her 
 capture, V. 189, 2 a. Place of her imprison¬ 
 ment, VIII. 407, 2 c. Statue of, by Marie 
 d’Orleans, V. 206, 2 a; IX. 642, 1 c. See 
 Faieies, VII. 64, 1 c. 
 
 Joan of Kent: see BocnEE, Joan (Index). 
 
 Joanes, Vicente : see Juanes. 
 
 Joan'na I., queen of Maples, IX. 642. Joanna 
 II., 643, 1 b: see I. 296, 2 b. 
 
 Joannes, Island of [zho-an'-ness]: see Maeajo. 
 
 Joanny [zho-an'-ne], French actor, IX. 643. 
 
 Joaquin etal. [hwa-keen']: see Millee, Joaquin. 
 
 Job, Book of, IX. 643. Poetic description of 
 ancient mining, XI. 570, 1 c. 
 
 Jobbe-Duval, Armand Marie Felix [zhuh-ba- 
 dii-val], French painter, IX. 644. 
 
 Jobeet, Antoine Joseph [zliuh-bair], (Jobert de 
 Lamballe), physician, IX. 644. 
 
 Job’s Teaes, fruit used for rosaries, IX. 644, 
 (ills.). 
 
 Jocasta: see (Edipus. 
 
 Jocundus: see Giocondo. 
 
 •Jo Daviess [da'-vis], county, IX. 645. 
 
 Jode, Pieter de [yo'-deh], the elder, Flemish 
 engraver, IX. 645. Pieter the younger, 1 c. : 
 
 Jodel der Karr [yo'-del], jester, VII. 308, 1 ab. 
 
 Jodelle, Etienne [zhuh-d&l], French dramatic 
 poet, IX. 645. 
 
 Jod'ocus Praten'sis : see Josquin des Pees. 
 
 Joch [yo k h], Austrian acre, I. 72, 2 c. 
 
 Joel, Hebrew prophet, IX. 645. 
 
 Jogues, Isaac [zhoag], missionary, IX. 645. 
 
JOHANNA 
 
 JOnXSOH 
 
 423 
 
 Johanna Island, Mozambique channel, IX. 646. 
 Johannes, king of Abyssinia: see Kasa (Index). 
 Johannes Parvus: see John of Salisbury. 
 Johannes Secundus, Dutch poet, IX. 646. 
 Johanneum , institution in Gratz, VIII. 173, 2 a. 
 Johanneum college , in Hamburg, VIII. 411, 1 a. 
 Joiiannisberg [yo-lian'-nis-bairg]: see Ger¬ 
 many, Wines of, VII. 773, 2 be. 
 Johannisburg , palace of, I. 804, 1 c. 
 
 Johannites, adherents of Chrysostom, IV. 564, 
 
 1 a. 
 
 Johannot, Charles Henri Alfred [zho-an-no], 
 French artist, IX. 646. Tony, designer, 2 a. 
 John, name of 23 popes, IX. 646. I., Saint, 
 
 2 a. VIII., 2 b. X., Giovanni Cenci, 647,1 a. 
 XI., Giovanni Conti, 1 b. XII., Ottaviano 
 Conti, 1 be. XXII., Jacques d’Euse, 1 c. 
 XXIII., Baltassare Cossa, 2 c. 
 
 John, king of England, IX. 648. See Magna 
 Charta. His quarrel with the pope, 649, 
 2 a ; X. 146, 1 a. 
 
 John /., king of Portugal, XIII. 740, 1 b. 
 
 John II., le Bon, king of France, IX. 650. 
 John II. Casimir, king of Poland, IX. 650. 
 John III. Sobieski, king of Poland, IX. 651. 
 John I., Zimisces , emperor of Constantinople, 
 III. 516,1 b. IT., Comnenus (Kalo-Joannes), 
 2 be. V. or VI., 517, 2 be. VI. or VII., 
 518, 1 ab; VII. 277, 2 c, ff. 
 
 John , king of Bohemia: see John of Luxem¬ 
 burg (Index). 
 
 JonN, king of Saxony, IX. 651. 
 
 John, archduke of Austria, IX. 652. 
 
 John, Eugenie [yone], German novelist, IX. 652. 
 JonN, Knights of Saint: see Saint John. 
 
 John the Almoner, St., XIV. 535, 1 be. 
 
 John of Austria, Don, son of Charles V., 
 Spanish general, IX. 652. 
 
 John of Austria, Don, son of Philip IV. of 
 Spain: see Charles II., IV. 301, 1 b. 
 
 John the Baptist, IX. 653. 
 
 John of Damascus: see Damascene, John. 
 John Day's river, Oregon, XII. 679, 1 a. 
 
 John Doe and Richard Roe, VI. 484, 2 a. 
 
 John the Evangelist, apostle, IX. 654. 
 
 JonN the Fearless, duke of Burgundy, IX. 655. 
 John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, IX. 665; 
 II. 425, 1 c; VII. 791, 1 a; XIV. 313, 1 c. 
 His patronage of Chaucer, IV. 341, 2 c. His 
 illegitimate children, VIII. 647, 1 c; IX. 
 655, 1 be. His support of Wycliffe, XVI. 
 474, 1 c. 
 
 John the Grammarian, his doctrine of the 
 Deity, V. 334, 1 b. 
 
 John of Hapsburg, I. 251, 1 c. See John of 
 Swabia. 
 
 John of Kustrin, X. 65, 2 ab. 
 
 John d Lasco: see Laski, Jan. 
 
 John of Leyden, Dutch'fanatic, IX. 655. See 
 Anabaptists. 
 
 John of Luxemburg, blind king of Bohemia, 
 IV. 293, 1 a; V. 470, 2 a; VI. 439, 1 c. 
 
 John of Matha, one of the founders of the 
 order of Trinitarians, VII. 115, 2 b. 
 
 John of Nepomuk: see Xepomucen. 
 
 John the Parricide: see John of Swabia. 
 
 John of Salisbury, philosopher, IX. 655. 
 
 John Scotus : see Erigena. 
 
 Joiin of Swabia, German prince, IX. 655. 
 
 Johnny-go-to-bed, plant,'XV. 323, 1 be. 
 
 Johnny-jump-up (or jumper), XVI. 363, 1 a. 
 
 Johnny the Piper, fanatic, XIII. 215, 1 b. 
 
 Johns Hophins university, XVI. 215, 1 c. See 
 Baltimore, II. 255, 1 ab. 
 
 Johnson, name of eleven counties, IX. 656. 
 
 Johnson, Alexander Bryan, American author, 
 IX. 657. 
 
 Johnson, Andrew, president of the United 
 States, IX. 657. His career as a tailor, 
 1 be. In the Tennessee legislature, 658, 1 b. 
 In congress, 2 a. Governor, ib. U. S. 
 senator, 2 b. Opponent of secession, 659, 
 1 a. Military governor, 1 be. Vice presi¬ 
 dent, and president by succession, 660, 1 a. 
 Reconstruction, 1 be. Conflict with con¬ 
 gress, 1 c. Impeachment, 661, 2 a; ac¬ 
 quittal, 2 b. (Died 1875.) 
 
 Johnson, Eastman, American painter, IX. 662. 
 
 Johnson, Edward, American historian, IX. 
 662. 
 
 Johnson, Isaac, a colonizer of Massachusetts, 
 IX. 662. Arbella or Arabella (“ Lady Ar* 
 bella ”), 2 ab. 
 
 Johnson, Reverdy, American statesman, IX. 
 662. (Died 1876.) Johnson - Clarendon 
 treaty, IV. 635, 1 b. 
 
 Johnson, Richard Mentor, American states¬ 
 man, IX. 662. Battle of the Thames, 663, 
 1 ab. Vice president, 1 b. 
 
 Johnson, Samuel, American clergyman, IX. 663. 
 
 Johnson, Samuel, English author, IX. 663. 
 His dictionary, 664, 2 ab ; 665, 2 a. “ The 
 Rambler,” 1 b. “The Idler,” 2 b. “Ras- 
 selas,” ib. Personal habits, 2 be; 667, 1 b. 
 Edition of Shakespeare, 666, 1 c. Friend¬ 
 ship with the Thrales, 2 a; with Boswell, 2 c. 
 Political pamphlets, 667, 1 be. “ Lives of the 
 Poets,” 2 a. Literary characteristics, 2 be. 
 
424 
 
 JOHHSOH 
 
 JORG 
 
 Johnson, "Walter Rogers, American physicist, 
 IX. 668. 
 
 Johnson, Sir William, general and colonial 
 officer, IX. 668. Sir John, general, 669, 2 b. 
 
 Johnsonville , county seat, XV. 482, 1 b. 
 
 Johnston, county, IX. 669. 
 
 Johnston, Albert Sidney, American soldier, 
 IX. 669. 
 
 Johnston, Alexander, Scottish painter, IX. 670. 
 
 Johnston, Alexander Keith, geographer, IX. 
 670. 
 
 Johnston, Arthur, physician, IX. 670. 
 
 Johnston, Charles, British satirist, IX. 670. 
 
 Johnston, George, Scottish naturalist, IX. 670. 
 
 Johnston, James F. W., chemist, IX. 671. 
 
 Johnston, Joseph Eccleston, American soldier, 
 IX. 671. 
 
 Johnstone, town of Scotland, IX. 671. 
 
 Johnstown, village of Hew York, IX. 671. 
 Borough of Pennsylvania, 672, 1 a. 
 
 Joigny [zhwa-nye], town of France, IX. 672. 
 
 Joint , in anatomy: see Articulation. 
 
 Joint-Stock Company, IX. 672. 
 
 Joint Tenants, in law, IX. 672. 
 
 Joinville, Francois Ferdinand Philippe Louis 
 Marie d’Orleans, prince de, IX. 672. 
 
 Joinville, Jean, sire de [duh zhwa ng -veel], 
 French chronicler, IX. 673. 
 
 J6kai, Mor [yo'-kaw-e], Hungarian author, 
 IX. 674. 
 
 Jokjokebta, or Jokyokarta, province of Java, 
 IX. 674. Capital, 1 b. 
 
 Jol'iba: see Higer. 
 
 Joliet [jo'-le-et], city of Illinois, IX. 674. 
 
 Joliet, Charles [zhuh-lya], French author, IX. 
 674. 
 
 Joliet, Louis: see Jolliet. 
 
 Joliette [Fr. zhuh-lyet], county of Canada, 
 IX. 674. Town, 2 ab. 
 
 Jolliet, Louis, French explorer, IX. 674. 
 
 J ollivet, Pierre Jules [zhuh-le-va], painter, 
 IX. 675. 
 
 Jomard, Edme Francois [zhiih-mar], geogra¬ 
 pher, IX. 675. 
 
 Jomelli, Hicold [yo-mel'-le], Italian composer, 
 IX. 675. 
 
 Jomini, Henri, baron [zhuh-me-ne], French 
 military historian, IX. 675. 
 
 Jonah, Hebrew prophet, IX. 676. So-called 
 tomb of: see Hineveh, XII. 456, 1 c. 
 
 Jonas, Justus [yo'-nas], German theologian, 
 IX. 676. 
 
 Jonathan, brother of Judas Maccabosus: see 
 Hebrews, VIII. 592, 1 a, 2 a. 
 
 Jonathan , son of Saul, V. 705, 1 ab, ff. 
 
 Jones, five counties, IX. 676. 
 
 Jones, Anson, president of Texas, IX. 677. 
 
 Jones, Inigo, English architect, IX. 677. 
 
 Jones, Jacob, American naval officer, IX. 678. 
 
 Jones, John, Welsh clergyman, IX. 678. 
 
 Jones, John Paul, American naval officer, IX. 
 678. 
 
 Jones , Dr. Joseph, on the diseases in Anderson- 
 ville prison, I. 474, 2 be. 
 
 Jones, Owen, English architect, IX. 679. On 
 the Alhambra, 2 be; I. 310, 1 c. Owen, 
 Welsh archaeologist (1740-1814), IX. 679, 2 b. 
 
 Jones, Thomas Rymer, English anatomist, IX. 
 680; I. 161, 1 be. His classification of rep¬ 
 tiles, VIII. 694, 2 b; of fishes, IX. 161, 1 ab. 
 
 Jones, William, English divine, IX. 681. 
 
 Jones, Sir William, orientalist, IX. 680; X. 
 294, 2 c. 
 
 Jonesboro, village of Georgia, IX. 681. Bat¬ 
 tle of, 1 c. 
 
 Jonesborough , county seats, XVI. 112, 2 b; 
 475, 1 a. 
 
 Jonesville, county seat, X. 289, 2 a. 
 
 Jongleurs [zho ng -glur], IX. 707, 1 c; XIV. 40, 
 1 b. 
 
 Jonkoping [yon-cho'-ping], province of Swe¬ 
 den, IX. 681. Town, 2 a. 
 
 Jonquil , variety of the canary, III. 692, 1 c. 
 
 Jonquil , flower, XII. 145, 1 b, 2 b. 
 
 Jonson, Benjamin, English dramatist, IX. 681. 
 
 Jonsson, Finn [yons'-son], Icelandic historian, 
 IX. 682. 
 
 Joodpoor', state of India, IX. 682. Town, 2 c. 
 
 Joonpoor, town of India, IX. 683. 
 
 Joppa : see Jaffa. 
 
 Jordaens, Jacob [yor'-dance], Flemish painter, 
 IX. 683. 
 
 Jor'dan, river of Palestine, IX. 683. Sources, 
 1 be (ill.). 
 
 Jordan , river of Utah, VIII. 182, 2 b; 184,1 a. 
 
 Jordan, Camille [zlior-da ng ], French statesman, 
 IX. 684. 
 
 Jordan, Charles Etienne, author, IX. 684. 
 
 Jordan, Dorothy, Irish actress, mistress of the 
 duke of Clarence (William IV.), IX. 684. 
 
 Jordan, Rudolph [yor'-dan], German painter, 
 IX. 684. 
 
 Jordan, Wilhelm, German poet, IX. 684. 
 
 Jorda'nes: see Jornandes. 
 
 Jordanus of Namur, mathematical works of, 
 I. 708, 1 ab. 
 
 Jorg, Joseph Edmund [yorg], German author, 
 IX. 685. 
 
JORG 
 
 JUARROS 
 
 425 
 
 Jorg, Johann Christian Gottfried, physician, 
 IX. 685. Eduard, physician, 1 b. 
 
 Jor'genson, Jorgen [Dan. yor'-ghen-son], Da¬ 
 nish adventurer, IX. 685. 
 
 Jornandes, Gothic historian, IX. 685. 
 
 Jortin, John, Englishdivineand author, IX. 686. 
 
 Joruxlo [ k ho-roo'-lyo], volcano of Mexico, IX. 
 
 686 (ill.). 
 
 Joseph, Hebrew patriarch, IX. 686. 
 
 Joseph, reputed father of Jesus, IX. 687. 
 
 Joseph I., emperor of Germany, IX. 687. Com¬ 
 pelled to restore the churches taken from 
 his Protestant subjects, IV. 305, 1 b. 
 
 Joseph II., emperor of Germany, IX. 687; X. 
 356, la; II. 145, 1 ab; IX. 58, 2 b. 
 
 Joseph, king of Naples and Spain: see Bona- 
 parte, Joseph, III. 29. 
 
 Joseph, Father [zhuh-z&f], confidential friend 
 of Richelieu, IX. 688. 
 
 Josephine [jo-zeh-feen'J, county, IX. 687. 
 
 Josephine, empress of France: see Bonaparte, 
 III. 46, 2 a. Her first marriage, ib. ; II. 426, 
 
 1 b. Introduction to Bonaparte, III. 46, 
 
 2 c; marriage, ib. ; divorce, 47, 1 be. 
 
 Jose'phus, Flavius, Jewish historian, IX. 689. 
 
 Josh Bell, county, IX. 689. 
 
 Joshua, Israelitish leader, IX. 689. 
 
 Jo si ah, Israelitish king, IX. 690. 
 
 Josika, Miklos, baron [yo'-zlie-kaw], Hungari¬ 
 an novelist, IX. 690. 
 
 Josquin des Pres [zhus-ka ng da pra], French 
 composer, IX. 690; XII. 88, 2 c. 
 
 Josslyn, John, XVI. 607, 1 c. 
 
 Jost, Isaak Markus [yoast], German author, 
 IX. 690. 
 
 Jotunheim [yo'-toon-hime], in Norse mytholo¬ 
 gy, XII. 119, 2 be. 
 
 Jotuns: see Mythology, and VII. 794, 1 b. 
 
 Joubert, Barth61emy Catherine [zhoo-bair], 
 French general, IX. 691. 
 
 Jouberthon, Madame [zhoo-bair-to ug ], wife of 
 Lucien Bonaparte, III. 34, 2 c, 1 ab. 
 
 Joudpore [jood-pore'J: see Joodpoor. 
 
 Jouffroy, Theodore Simon [zhoo-frwa], French 
 philosopher, IX. 691. See Moral Philoso¬ 
 phy, XI. 813,1 c; Philosophy, XIII. 444,1 b. 
 
 Jouffroy d’Arbans, Claude Francois, marquis 
 de [dar-ba ng ], mechanician, IX. 692. Achille, 
 marquis de, politician and writer, 1 b. 
 
 Joule, James Prescott [jool], English natural 
 philosopher, IX. 692. Mechanical equivalent 
 of heat (“Joule’s equivalent”) established 
 by him, 2 c; V. 378, 2 b, c. Experiments 
 in magnetism, IX. 692, 1 c; XI. 6, 2 c. 
 
 Jounpore: see Joonpoor. 
 
 Jourdan, Antoine Jacques Louis [zhoor-da" B ], 
 French physician, IX. 693. 
 
 Jourdan, Jean Baptiste, count, general, IX. 693. 
 
 Journal , in bookkeeping, JII. 81, 1 a. 
 
 Journal des Debats [zhoor-nal da da-ba], news¬ 
 paper, II. 585, 2 a; XII. 336, 2 c (name and 
 character changed by Bertin). Its opposi¬ 
 tion to royalist schemes in 1872, X. 336, 1 b. 
 
 Journalism: see Newspapers. Ancient: see 
 Acta Diurna. Modern, origin of, 1.137, 2 c. 
 
 Journee des barricades [zhoor-na da bar-re-kad], 
 in French history, VIII. 656, 1 a. 
 
 Journee des dupes [da diip], XII. 699, 1 b ; 
 XIV. 317, 2 ab. 
 
 Joust [just], IV. 497, 2 b; XV. 824, 1 b. 
 
 Joutel, Henri [zhoo-tel], French explorer, IX. 
 693. 
 
 Jouvenet, Jean [zhoov-na], painter, IX. 693. 
 
 Jouy, Victor Joseph Etienne de [zhwe], au¬ 
 thor, IX. 694. 
 
 Jovellanos, Gaspar Melchior de [ k lio-va-lya/- 
 noce], Spanish poet, IX. 694. 
 
 Jovian, Roman emperor, IX. 694. 
 
 Jovian legion , Roman, X. 851, 1 b. 
 
 Jovini'acum: see Joigny. 
 
 Jovi'nus , Roman usurper, XVI. 564, 1 be. 
 
 Jovius, Paulus : see Giovio. 
 
 Jowar'ree, kind of grain, II. 510, 2 b. 
 
 Jow'ett, Benjamin, English clergyman and 
 critic, IX. 695. 
 
 Jowf, province of Shomer, IX. 695. 
 
 Joyce Seth, so-called nurse of Washington, II. 
 324, 1 a. 
 
 Joze, Antonio [zho-za'], Portuguese dramatist, 
 IX. 695. 
 
 Ju'ab, county, IX. 695. 
 
 Juan, Don : see Don Juan. 
 
 Juan, Don [ k hwan]: see John of Austria. 
 
 Juan, Don Jorge: see Juan y Santacilla. 
 
 Juana, princess [ k hwa'-na], (la Beltraneja), VII. 
 136, lb; IX. 422, 1 be. 
 
 Ju'an de Fuca, strait of: see Fuca. 
 
 Juan del Valle [ k hwan dail va'-lya], nom de 
 plume, III. 534, 2 c. 
 
 Juanes, Vicente [ k hwa'-nace], Spanish painter, 
 IX. 695. 
 
 Ju'an Fernan'dez, island, IX. 695; V. 763, 2 be. 
 
 Juan y Santacilla, Jorge [ k hwan e san-ta- 
 the'-lya], Spanish explorer, IX. 696. 
 
 Juarez, Benito Pablo [ k hwa'-race], president 
 of Mexico, IX. 697. 
 
 Juarros, Domingo [ k hwar'-roce], Central 
 American ecclesiastic, IX. 698. 
 
426 
 
 JUBA 
 
 JUMNA 
 
 Juba I., king of Numidia, IX. 698. Juba II., 2 b. 
 Juba'a spectab'ilis (botany), XIII. 21, 1 c (ill.). 
 Jubbulpore', town of India, IX. 698. 
 
 Jubilee, festive year, IX. 698. 
 
 Jubilee college , founder of, IV. 826, 2 b. 
 
 J. U. D., doctorate, YI. 172, 2 be. 
 
 Jud^'a : see Judea. 
 
 Judah, Hebrew patriarch, IX. 699. 
 
 Judah (Hakkadosli), rabbi, IX. 699; VIII. 
 728, 1 ab. 
 
 Judah (Hallevi), Spanish rabbi, IX. 699. 
 Judah , kingdom of, IX. 699, 1 be; VIII. 587, 
 2 a. Wilderness of, XII. 619, 1 b. 
 
 Judaizing Christians, YI. 374, 1 a. 
 
 Judas Iscariot, disciple and betrayer of Jesus, 
 IX. 699. 
 
 Judas Maccabeus : see Hebrews, YIII. 592, 
 
 1 b, c. 
 
 Judas Tree, IX. 699 (ill., 700). 
 
 Judd, Sylvester, American author, IX. 700. 
 Jude, Saint, apostle, IX. 700. Epistle of, 2 c. 
 Jude'a, IX. 700. See Palestine, and Hebrews. 
 Judenbach [yoo'-den-ba k h], village of Germany, 
 IX. 702. 
 
 Judex: see Jury, IX. 722, 1 b. 
 
 Judges, Book of, IX. 701. 
 
 Judges of Israel : see Hebrews, YIII. 585,1 b. 
 Judgment, in law, IX. 701. See Lien. Judg¬ 
 ment roll: see Process, XIY. 25, 2 a. 
 Judgment, conditional , in logic, X. 579, 2 a; 
 disjunctive, 1 a. 
 
 Judicium par mm, in Magna Charta, IX. 722,2 c. 
 Judith, Jewish heroine, IX. 702. 
 
 Judith , queen of the Anglo-Saxons, YI. 744, 
 
 2 a, ab; 746, 1 a. 
 
 Judith , duchess of Normandy, II. 576, 2 b. 
 Judith, Mile, [zhii-deet], French actress, IX. 702. 
 Judith , wife of Louis le Debonnaire, X. 650,2 c. 
 Judson, Adoniram, American missionary, IX. 
 702. His imprisonment, 703, 2 c. Ann Has- 
 seltine, his first wife, 704, 2 c. Sarah Hall 
 (Boardman), his second wife, 705,1 a. Emily 
 Chubbuck, his third wife, author, 2 a. 
 
 Juel, Niels [yool], Danish admiral, IX. 705. 
 
 Johann, Baron Julinge, 706, 1 a. 
 
 Juga Martha, (botany), I. 301, 1 a. 
 
 Jugduluk pass, I. 161, 2 c (Afghanistan). 
 Jugerum, Roman measure of land, I. 72, 2 c. 
 Juge de paix [zhiizh duh pa], officer of justice, 
 IX. 726, 2 a. 
 
 Juggernaut', town of Bengal, IX. 706. Tem¬ 
 ple, 1 be (ill.). Title of Krishna, 1 c. Great 
 festival of, 2 a. 
 
 Juggler, IX. 707. 
 
 Ju'glans (botany), XVI. 439, 1 c; YIII. 715, 
 2 a. J. cinerea, III. 501, 1 b (ill.). J. nigra, 
 XYI. 439, 2 c (ill., 440). J. rupestris, 440, 
 1 c. J. regia, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Jugur'tha, Numidian king, IX. 708. 
 
 Julial, in the Druse religion, YI. 274, 1 a. 
 
 J uillerat, Clotilde Gerard [zhti-e-yuh-ra], 
 French painter, IX. 709. 
 
 Ju'jube, tree, IX. 709 (ill.). Jujube paste, 2 a. 
 Jujuy [ k hoo- k hwe'J, Argentine province, IX. 
 
 709. San Salvador de, city, 710, 1 a. 
 
 Julfa [jool'-fa], suburb of Ispahan, IX. 435,2 be. 
 Julia Bceterra (Beziers), II. 604, 1 b. 
 
 Juli'acum (Jiilich), IX. 711, 1 b. 
 
 Julian (the Apostate), Roman emperor, IX. 
 710; Y. 279, 1 b. Disciple of Iamblichus, 
 XII. 225, 1 c. His favor to the Parish, XIII. 
 89, 1 c. His treatment of Basil the Great, 
 II. 362, 2 b. Law against the Christians, 
 IX. 710, 2 ab. His treatise against the 
 Christians, 711, 1 a. 
 
 Julianists: see Monophysites, XI. 757, 2 b. 
 Julian year, III. 579, 1 c. 
 
 Julianus, Salvius, Roman jurist, IY. 621, 1 b. 
 Julicii [yu/-li c h], town of Prussia, IX. 711. 
 Jiilich succession, 1 be. 
 
 Julien, Stanislas Aignan [zhu-lya nE ], French 
 orientalist, IX. 711. 
 
 Juliers [zhii-lya]: see Julich. 
 
 Juliob'ona: see Lillebonne. 
 
 Juliom'agus: see Angers. 
 
 Julis vulgaris (ichthyology), XYI. 734, 2 a. 
 Julius, name of three popes, IX. 711. I., 
 Saint, 2 b. II., Giuliano della Rovere, 2 be. 
 His patronage of Michel Angelo, III. 442, 
 2c; his statue by him destroyed, 443, 1 a, 
 18, 1 c. His patronage of Raphael, XIY. 
 205, 2 c. III., Gian Maria del Monte, IX. 
 712, 1 be. 
 
 Julius, Cardinal (Clement VII.), I. 236, 1 a. 
 Julius, Nikolaus Heinrich [yoo'-le-oos], Ger¬ 
 man physician, IX. 712. 
 
 Julius Africanus : see Africanus. 
 
 Julius Robert diffusion process, in sugar mak¬ 
 ing, XY. 446, 2 be. 
 
 Jullalabad: see Jelalabad. 
 
 Jullien, Louis Georges [zhii-lya ng ], French 
 composer, IX. 712. 
 
 July, month, IX. 712. 
 
 July monarchy: see France, YII. 391, 2 a. 
 Jumblat Beshir, Druse sheik, YI. 275, 2 a. 
 Jumel, Mme. [zliu-mel], her marriage with 
 Aaron Burr, III. 476, 2 a. 
 
 Jum'na, river of Ilindostan, IX. 712. 
 
JUMPER 
 
 JUSSIEU 
 
 427 
 
 Jumper , kind of drill, II. G97, 1 c. 
 
 “ Jump up and kiss me,” plant, XVI. 3G3, 1 a. 
 
 Junca'cece (botany), XIV. 471, 1 b. 
 
 Junco (ornithology), XV. 130, 2 ab. J. hye- 
 malis, ib. (ill.). J. caniceps, 1 b. J. Orego- 
 nus, 137, 1 a. 
 
 Junction City , county seat, V. 710, 1 c. 
 
 Juncus (botany), XIV. 471, 1 b. J. effusus, 
 2 a (ill.). J. Gerardi, VIII. 169, 1 be. 
 
 June, month, IX. 713. 
 
 Juneau [ju-no'J, county, IX. 713. 
 
 Juneau , county seat, VI. 174, 2 c. 
 
 June Beery, shrub, IX. 713. 
 
 June cold : see Hay Cold. 
 
 Jung, Joachim [yoong], philosopher, IX. 713. 
 
 Jung Bahadoor [jung ba-ha'-door], Nepaulese 
 chieftain and prime minister, IX. 212, 1 c; 
 XII. 227, 1 a. (Died 1877.) 
 
 Jung-Breslau [-bres'-low]: see Inowraclaw. 
 
 Jung-Bunzlau [yoong-boonts'-low], town of 
 Bohemia, IX. 714. 
 
 Jungerman'nia, genus of plants, IX. 714; X. 
 543, 1 a. 
 
 Jungermannia'cece (botany), X. 543, 1 a. 
 
 Jungfrau [yoong'-frow], mountain, IX. 714. 
 
 JuNGHunN, Franz Wilhelm [yoong'-hoon], Ger¬ 
 man naturalist, IX. 714. 
 
 Jungius : see Jung. 
 
 Jungle, XI. 54, 1 ab. J ungle fevers, ib. 
 
 Jungle fowl, III. 367, 1 b; IV. 781, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Jungle Tcoola, jackal, IX. 11, 1 c; 481, 2 b. 
 
 Jungmann, Jozef Jakob [yoong'-man], Slavic 
 philologist, IX. 714. 
 
 Jung-Stilling (Johann Heinrich Jung), Ger¬ 
 man mystic, IX. 714. See Spiritualism, 
 XV. 275, 2 c. 
 
 Junian Latins: see Freedmen, VII. 469, 1 c. 
 
 Juniat'a, river of Pennsylvania, IX. 715. 
 
 Juniata, county, IX. 715. 
 
 Ju'niper, genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, 
 
 T7"IX. 715 (in.). 
 
 Junip'erus (botany), IX. 715, 1 be (ill.). J. 
 communis, 1 c. J. Virginiana, 715, 2 c; IV. 
 164, 2 c. J. sabina, IX. 716, 1 b; fungus 
 upon, VII. 533, 1 a. Other species. 
 
 Junius, nom de plume, IX. 716. Attacks upon 
 Lord Mansfield, XI. 123, 2 be. Authorship 
 of the letters of Junius claimed by Charles 
 Lee, X. 299, 1 c. 
 
 Junius, Franciscus, theologian, IX. 717. Fran- 
 ciscus (2d), philologist, 718, 1 a. 
 
 Junker parliament [yoon'-ker], nickname, II. 
 665, 2 a. 
 
 Juno, goddess, IX. 718. Statue of byPolycle- 
 
 tus, XIII. 686, 1 a. Juno Moneta, temple 
 of, III. 786,1 be. 
 
 Juno, asteroid, II. 38, 2 b. 
 
 Junonia, ancient city, IV. 39, 1 c. 
 
 Junonia Faliscorum, ancient colony, VII. 71,1 c. 
 Junot [zhti-no]: see Abrant^s. 
 
 “ Junto,” of Charles I.’s ministers, VI. 626,1 b. 
 Jupati [zhoo-pa'-te], palm, III. 224, 1 b. 
 Jupiter, Greek and Roman deity, IX. 718. 
 Referred to, XIV. 28, 1 b. Temple of Ju¬ 
 piter Olympius at Athens, I. 660 (ill.); at 
 Olympia, XII. 622, 1 b. Statue of by Phi¬ 
 dias, XIII. 388, 1 b. 
 
 Jupiter, planet, IX. 718. His satellites, 719, 
 2 b; Romer’s observations, 2 c, X. 437,1 be 
 (ill.); discovery of, VII. 567, 1 c. His belts, 
 IX. 720, 1 b. 
 
 Jupiter Ammon: see Ammon. Temple of, 
 XV. 73, 1 b, be. Visited by Alexander, I. 
 276, 2 b. 
 
 Jura, island of Scotland, IX. 720. 
 
 Jura [Fr. zhu-ra; Ger. yoo'-ra], range of 
 mountains, IX. 720. German Jura, 721,1 a. 
 Jura, department of France, IX. 721. 
 
 Jurassic period , in geology, XII. 641, 2 b. 
 
 Jurassic series, VII. 697, 1 be, 2 be. 
 
 Jurat, in law, I. 157, 1 c. 
 
 Jurieu, Pierre [zhu-re-uh], French theologian, 
 IX. 721. 
 
 Jury, IX. 721; V. 152, 1 a. Grand jury, IX. 
 
 723, 2 a. Petit jury, ib. Impanelling of, 
 
 724, 1 ab. First jury, so styled, 1 b; sec¬ 
 ond, ib. —Rudimentary form of trial by, I. 
 501, 1 b. Challenge to jury or jurors, IV. 
 232, 2 c; peremptory and for cause, ib. 
 Right of juries to judge of the evidence first 
 established: see Penn, William, XIII. 251, 
 
 1 b. Its right to decide on the nature and 
 intention of alleged libels: see Camden, III. 
 648, 1 b. Attempt to restrict this right, XI. 
 123, 2 c. First instance of jury trial in Prus¬ 
 sia, VII. 476, 1 b. 
 
 Jus civile and jus gentium, IV. 618, 1 c; X. 
 222, 2 c. Jus fetiale, 222, 2 c. Jus inter 
 gentes, 223, 1 a. Jus naturale, IV. 618, 1 c. 
 Jus honorarium, 2 ab. Juspostliminii, XIV. 
 20, 2 b. 
 
 Ju-sha, Japanese Confucians, IX. 539, 1 c. 
 Jussieu, De [duh zhiis-se-fih], French family of 
 natural philosophers, IX. 724. Antoine, bot¬ 
 anist, 724, 1 c; II. 336, 1 b. Bernard, bota¬ 
 nist, IX. 724, 2 a. Antoine Laurent, botanist, 
 
 2 b. Adrien, botanist, 725, 1 b. Laurent 
 Pierre, educational writer, 1 c. Alexis, po- 
 
428 
 
 JUSSIEUAN 
 
 KAISERSLAUTERN 
 
 litical writer, ib. —Botanical system of Ber¬ 
 nard and Antoine Laurent, 724, 2 b, be; III. 
 134, 1 b. 
 
 “ Jussieuan system ,” in botany, IX. 724, 2 c. 
 
 “ Just asses,” pun on the word justices: see 
 Gorton, Samuel, VIII. 120, 1 b. 
 
 Juste, Theodore [zhust], historian, IX. 725. 
 Justi, Karl Wilhelm [yoos'-te], author, IX. 725. 
 Justice , department of, United States, II. 97, 
 
 1 a; VIII. 748, 1 ab. 
 
 Justice general , lord, Scotland, XIV. 702, 2 c. 
 Justice of the Peace, IX. 725. First (sup¬ 
 posed) institution of, VI. 434, 2 a. 
 
 Justiciary, court of, in Scotland, XIV. 702, 
 
 2 be. High court of, ib. 
 
 Justin, the Elder, Byzantine emperor, IX. 726. 
 The Younger, 727, 1 a. 
 
 Justin, Latin historian, IX. 727. Referred to, 
 X. 198,1 b. 
 
 Justinian, the Great, Byzantine emperor, IX. 
 727. His codes and Pandects, IV. 623, 1 c. 
 His institutes, 624, 1 b. Justinian code re¬ 
 
 ferred to, XIII. 665, 2 ab. Manuscript of 
 the Digest of Justinian, XI. 133, 2 c. His 
 decree enforcing clerical celibacy, IV. 171, 
 2 c.—Justinian Rliinotmetus, Byzantine Em¬ 
 peror, IX. 728, 1 c. 
 
 Justinianop'olis (Hadrumetum), VIII. 371,1 b. 
 
 Justin Martyr, one of the Christian fathers, 
 IX. 728. See Moral Philosophy, XI. 810, 
 2 b. 
 
 Justinopolis (Capo d’Istria), III. 758, 2 a. 
 
 Justi'nus: see Justin. 
 
 Jute, fibre and plant, IX. 729 (ill.). Jute butts, 
 2 be. Use of jute in paper making, XIII. 
 48, 2 ab. American jute, VIII. 713, 2 c. 
 
 Jutes , Teutonic tribe, IX. 730, 1 a. 
 
 Jutland, Danish peninsula, IX. 730. 
 
 Juvavia, ancient city, XIV. 588, 1 c. 
 
 Juvavum , ancient city, XIV. 588, 1 c. 
 
 Juvenal, Roman poet, IX. 730; X. 197, 2 c. 
 
 Juvenal , the English, XII. 613, 1 b. 
 
 Juverna (Ireland), IX. 355, 2 b. 
 
 Juxon, William, English prelate, IX. 730. 
 
 K 
 
 K, a letter, IX. 731. Use of, 1 b. Numeral 
 sign, 1 c. On Roman and French coins, ib. 
 
 Kaaba [ka'-ba]: see Mecca (Caaba). 
 
 Kaahumanu [ka-lioo-ma'-noo], queen regent of 
 the Hawaiian islands, IX. 738, 2 c. 
 
 Kaat, plant, VIII. 450, 2 b. 
 
 Kaatershill [ka'-ters-kill], clove of, IV. 126,1 b. 
 
 Kabbala : see Cabala. 
 
 Kabeljaauws [ka'-bel-yowsl, Dutch political par¬ 
 ty, VIII. 765, 1 c. 
 
 Kabirim, Phoenician divinities, XII. 118, 1 c. 
 
 Kabyles [ka-beels'J: see Algeria, I. 304, 1 b; 
 II. 549, 2 c; X. 406, 1 c; XVI. 31, 1 ab. 
 
 Kachiquels [ka-she-kels'J, Indians, XIV. 149, 
 2 be. 
 
 Kacmiri [kas-me'-rel, an East Indian language, 
 IX. 216, 2 c; 218, 1 c. 
 
 Kadamisseh, Arabian sect, I. 537, 2 b. 
 
 Kadir [ka-deer'J, in the Himalaya mountains, 
 VIII. 731, 2 a. 
 
 Kadisiyeh [ka-de-se'-yeh], battle of, XVI. 785, 
 2 a. 
 
 Kadjars, Persian dynasty of, XIII. 323, 2 ab. 
 
 Kaempfer: see Kampfer. 
 
 Kaf : see Caf. 
 
 Kaffa [k&f'-fa], country of E. Africa, IX. 731. 
 
 Kaffa, seaport of Russia, IX. 731 (view, 732). 
 
 Kaffa , strait of, III. 113, 1 c. 
 
 Kaffraria : see Caffraria. 
 
 Kafiristan', country of central Asia, IX. 732. 
 
 Kafrland: see Kaffraria. 
 
 Kafirs: see Kafiristan, IX. 732, 1 c. 
 
 Kagoshima [ka-go-she'-ma], Japan, IX. 732. 
 
 Kahled ben BarmeTc , tutor of Haroun al-Rashid, 
 referred to, II. 317, 1 c. 
 
 Kaiilenberg [ka'-len-bairg], mountain of Aus¬ 
 tria, IX. 732. Der Pfaffe vom Kahlenberg, 2 c. 
 
 Kahnis, Karl Friedrich August [ka'-nis], Ger¬ 
 man theologian, IX. 733. > 
 
 Kaieteur Fall: see Guiana, VIII. 301, 1 be. 
 
 Kai Khosru [kl kos'-roo], legend of, IX. 818, 
 2 ab. 
 
 Kaimaham [kl-ma-kam'], Turkish officer, XVI. 
 59, 1 c. 
 
 Kaimurs [ki-moorce r ], mythical founder of a 
 Persian dynasty, II. 242, 1 b; XIII. 321, 2 
 be (Kaiomurs). 
 
 Kairwan [kire-wan'j, city of Tunis, IX. 733. 
 
 Ivaisariyeh [ki-za-re'-yeh], city of Asia Minor, 
 IX. 733. 
 
 Kaiserslautern [kl'-zerce-low-tern], town of 
 Bavaria, IX. 733. 
 
KAISERSTUIIL 
 
 KANAWHA 
 
 429 
 
 Kaiserstuhl [kl'-zer-stool], volcanic group, Ba¬ 
 den, II. 209, 2 a. 
 
 Kaiserwertii [-vairt], town of Prussia, IX. 783. 
 
 Institutions at, VII. 270, 2 a. 
 
 Kajabulbul , bird, III. 696, 1 c. 
 
 Kaka [ka'-ka], parrot, XII. 410, 2 c. 
 
 Kakapo , niglit parrot, XII. 756, 2 a. 
 
 Kakerlac , insect, XI. 292, 1 b. 
 
 Kakke. , disease, IX. 537, 1 a. 
 
 Kakodyle [kak'-o-dil], in chemistry, IX. 735; 
 IV. 369, 2 c. 
 
 Kala, in Brahmanism, IX. 224, 2 c. 
 
 Kalafat', town of Roumania, IX. 733. 
 Kalahari desert [ka-la-ha'-re], Africa, 1.165,2 b. 
 Kalajndna , Brahman sacred hook, IX. 231,1 ah. 
 Kdlajndnis , Brahman sect, IX. 231, 1 ab. 
 Kalama [ka-la'-ma], river, Albania, IX. 526,1 a. 
 Kalamata [ka-la-ma'-ta], town, Greece, IX. 733. 
 Kaland: see Caland. 
 
 Kalakaua, David [ka-la-kow'-a], Hawaiian 
 king, IX. 734. 
 
 Kalat el-Arish: see El-Arish. 
 
 Kalamazoo', county, IX. 734. 
 
 Kalamazoo, village of Michigan, IX. 734. 
 
 Kalamazoo college, 2 h. 
 
 Kalamazoo River, Michigan, IX. 734. 
 
 Kalau , Abraham [ka'-low]: see Calovius. 
 Kalckreuth, Friedrich Adolf von [kalk'-roit], 
 Prussian general, IX. 734. 
 
 Kaldani [kal-da'-ne], Nestorians, X. 64, 1 ab. 
 Kaleidoscope [ka-li'-do-skopej, optical instru¬ 
 ment, IX. 735. 
 
 Kalendayr of the Shyppars , almanac, I. 341, 2 c. 
 Kalergis, Demetrius [ka-lSr'-ghis], Greek sol¬ 
 dier, IX. 735. 
 
 Kalevala [ka-la-v&'-la], Finnish national epic, 
 VII. 203, 2 c. 
 
 Kalgan', town of China, IX. 735. 
 
 Kali [ka'-le], in Hindoo mythology, IX. 228, 
 2 a; 230, 1 a. 
 
 Kalidasa [ka-le-da'-sa], Hindoo poet, IX. 735; 
 
 II. 790, 2 a, 791, 1 ab; XIY. 614, 2 a, c. 
 Kaliyug [ka-le-yoog'J, Hindoo era, IY. 558, 1 a. 
 Kalisch [ka'-lish]: see Kalisz. 
 
 Kalisch, David, German humorist, IX. 736. 
 Kal'ispels, tribe of Indians, IX. 736. 
 
 Kalisz [ka'-lish], government of Russia, IX. 
 
 736. Town, 2 ab. 
 
 Kalkaska, county, IX. 736. 
 
 Kalkbrenner, Christian, German composer, 
 IX. 736. Friedrich, composer, 2 c. 
 
 Kalki, in Hindoo mythology, II. 159, 1 c; IX. 
 229, 2 b. 
 
 Kallundborg , castle of, IY. 526, 2 c. 
 
 Kalm, Peter [kalm], botanist, IX. 737. 
 
 Kalmar : see Calmar. 
 
 Kalmia, genus of shrubs, IX. 737. K. latifolia, 
 1 b (ill.). K. angustifolia, &c., 2 b, ff. Re¬ 
 puted mode of fertilization, IX. 309, 1 c. 
 Kalmucks , I. 358, 2 c. See Calmucks. 
 
 Kalo [ka'-lo], fruit, YIII. 526, 2 b. 
 
 Kalocsa [kol'-o-chaw], Hungary, IX. 737. 
 Kalokag'athon , in aesthetics, I. 153, 1 c. 
 
 Kalon , regent of Thibet, IX. 27, 1 b. 
 
 Kaloo\ in the Feejee language, YII. 112, 2 c. 
 Kaluga [ka-loo'-ga], government of Russia, IX. 
 
 738. Capital city, 1 a. 
 
 Kalung , vampire bat, XI. 59, 2 c. 
 
 Kalw : see Calw. 
 
 Kama [ka-ma'J, river of Russia, IX. 738. 
 Kd'ma , in Brahmanism, IX. 224, 2 c; 230, 2 b. 
 Kamee'la, or Ivamala, drug, IX. 738. 
 Kamehamalu , Hawaiian queen, IX. 738, 2 c. 
 Kamehameha [ka-ma-ha-ma'-ha], name of a 
 line of Hawaiian sovereigns, IX. 738 ; YIII. 
 529, 1 ab. War cloak of Kamehameha I., 
 526, 2 b. 
 
 Kamel [ka'-mel], (Georg Joseph): see Camel¬ 
 lia, III. 650, 2 c. 
 
 Kamenetz [ka'-meh-nets], town of Russia, IX. 
 739 (view). 
 
 Kamenz : see Camenz. 
 
 Kames, Henry Home, lord, Scottish jurist and 
 critic, IX. 739. 
 
 Kamichi [ka-me'-she], bird, XIY. 711, 2 c. 
 Kamienieo [Pol. ka-myen'-ets]: see Kamenetz. 
 Kammin : see Cammik. 
 
 Kamo no Mabuchi, Japanese scholar, IX. 564,2 c. 
 Kamouraska, county, IX. 740. 
 
 Kamouraska , county seat, IX. 740, 1 b. 
 Kampen, town of the Netherlands, IX. 740. 
 Kampen, Nikolaas Godfried van, Dutch histo j 
 rian, IX. 740. 
 
 Kampfer, Engelbrecht [kemp'-fer], German 
 traveller, IX. 740. 
 
 Kamptz, Karl Albert Christoph Heinrich von 
 [kamts], Prussian jurist, IX. 740. 
 Kamtchat'ka, peninsula of N. E. Asia, IX. 
 740. 
 
 Kdmus , Arabic dictionary, I. 623, 1 be. 
 
 Kana [ka'-na], Japanese syllabary, IX. 551, 2 c; 
 
 548, 2 a (hira-kana and kata-kana). 
 Kan'abec, county, IX. 741. 
 
 Kana el-Jelil [ka'-na el-ja-leel']: see Cana. 
 Kanagawa [ka-na-ga'-wa], Japan, IX. 741. 
 Kanaris: see Canaris. 
 
 Kanawha [kan-aw'-wa], county, IX. 741. 
 Kanawha River : see Great Kanawha. 
 
430 
 
 KANCHIL 
 
 KARIANS 
 
 Kanchil [kan-cheel'], pygmy deer, II. 265, 1 a; 
 XII. 95, 2 c (ill., 96). 
 
 Kandahar: see Candahar. 
 
 Kandiyohi [kan-de-yo'-he], county, IX. 741. 
 
 Kandiyohi , county seat, IX. 741, 2 c. 
 
 Kane, two counties, IX. 741. 
 
 Kane, Elisha Kent, American arctic explorer, 
 IX. 742; I. 675, 2 a; XVI. 205, 1 a. 
 
 Kane, Sir Robert, Irish chemist, IX. 743. 
 
 Kanesville , Mormon settlement in Iowa, V. 
 425, 2 b. 
 
 Kangaroo', animal, IX. 743 (ill., 744). 
 
 Kangaroo bear: see Koala. 
 
 Kangaroo grass , of Australia, II. 131, 1 b. 
 
 Kanjur [kan-joor'J, Lamaic canon, X. 115, 1 be, 
 2 ab; 117, 2 b. 
 
 Kankakee [kan-kaw'-ke], county, IX. 744. 
 
 Kankakee City , county seat, IX. 745, 1 a. 
 
 Kankakee river , Illinois, IX. 193, 1 a. 
 
 Kankar\ stony nodules, XII. 738, 2 a. See 
 Kunkur (Index). 
 
 Kannon Nameh: see Kanun Nameh (Index). 
 
 Kano [ka'-no], city of Africa, IX. 745 (view). 
 
 Kanoic'ra , country: see Boknoo. 
 
 Kanowry , inhabitants of Bornoo, III. 105, 2 c. 
 
 Kansas, tribe of Indians, IX. 745. 
 
 Kansas, state, IX. 746. Population, 2 c. State 
 seal (ill.), 747. Topography, 2 a. Rivers, 
 2 be. Geology and minerals, 748, 1 b. Fos¬ 
 sils, 2 a. Climate, 2 c. Soil, 749,1 a. Flora 
 and fauna, 1 b. Agriculture, 1 c. Manufac¬ 
 tures, 2 c. Intercommunication, 750, 2 a. 
 Banks, &c., 1 b. Government, 1 c. Public 
 institutions, 751, 1 c. Education, 2 c. Li¬ 
 braries, &c., 753, 1 a. Religious organiza¬ 
 tions, 1 b. History, ib. Slavery, 1 c. Kan¬ 
 sas and Nebraska bill, VI. 225, 1 a. Strug¬ 
 gle between the free-state and the pro-sla¬ 
 very men begun, IX. 753, 2 ab. Topeka con¬ 
 stitution, 754,1 b. Lecompton constitution, 
 755, 2 c. Wyandotte constitution, 756, 1 c. 
 
 Kansas City, city of Missouri, IX. 756. 
 
 Kansas river , IX. 747, 2 be. 
 
 Ivansuh [kan-soo'J, province of China, IX. 757. 
 
 Kant, Immanuel [kant], German metaphysi¬ 
 cian, IX. 757. His lectures, 758, 1 ab. His 
 metaphysical system, 2 ab. Application of 
 his principles, 759, 2 b. His view of the 
 philosophy of the past, and of the future 
 of his own, 760, 1 ab. His “Criticism of 
 the Pure Reason,” 1 c. Transcendental 
 aesthetics, 2 be; analytics, 761, 1 a; dialec¬ 
 tics, 2 be. “Practical Reason,” 762, 2 a; 
 “ categorical imperative,” 2 b. “ Power of 
 
 Judgment,” 763, 2 a. His influence on phi¬ 
 losophy, 764, 1 b. Object of bis teaching, 
 2 ab. Personal characteristics, ib. Political 
 views, 765, 1 be; religious, 1 c. Kantian 
 bibliography, 2 c.—His theory of the origin 
 of the universe, VII. 10, 1 c. Divisions of 
 the human race, VI. 754, 2 a. Reason why 
 we forget what we dream, 254, 2 a. See 
 Moral Philosophy, XI. 807, 2 ab, 810, 2 c, 
 812, 2 c; Philosophy, XIII. 430, 1 a, 431, 
 
 1 ab, 432, 1 c, 441, 2 c. 
 
 Kantele [kan'-teh-leh], Finnish harp, VII. 203, 
 
 2 be. 
 
 Kantemir: see Cantemir. 
 
 Kanun Kameh [ka-noon' na'-meh], Turkish 
 code, XV. 160, 1 a; XVI. 57, 2 a (Kannon). 
 
 Kan-si [kan-se'J, supposed inventor of the fan, 
 VII. 78, 2 a. 
 
 Ka'olin, porcelain clay: see Clay, IV. 649, 
 1 b ; Pottery and Porcelain, XIII. 778, 2 be. 
 
 Kao-ling [kow-ling'J, hill in China, IV. 649,1 b. 
 
 Kapila [kap'-e-la], Hindoo philosopher, IX. 
 227, 2 c. His Sankhya system, 228, 1 a. 
 
 Kap'nist, Vasili Vasilievitch, Russian poet, 
 IX. 766. 
 
 Kapp, Friedrich [kap], German author, IX. 766. 
 
 Kappel, village of Switzerland, IX. 767. Bat¬ 
 tle of, 1 ab; XVI. 842, 1 be. 
 
 Kaptchak : see Kiptohak. 
 
 Karachi: see Kurraohee. 
 
 Kara George : see Czerny George. 
 
 Karagunis , nomadic people, I. 55, 1 b. 
 
 Karahissak : see Afium Karahissar. 
 
 Ka'raites, Jewish sect, IX. 767. See He¬ 
 brews, VIII. 595, 2 b. Referred to, XIV. 
 514, 2 a. 
 
 Karajitch, Vuk Stefanovitch, Servian scholar, 
 IX. 767. 
 
 Karan', island, Persian gulf, IX. 767. 
 
 Karakorum, range of mountains, Asia, IX. 767. 
 
 Karako'zoff,\ Dimitri , his attempt on the life 
 of Alexander II., I. 284, 2 c. 
 
 Karalits , Esquimaux, VI. 729, 2 b. 
 
 Karaman: see Caraman. 
 
 Karamsin', Nikolas Mikhailovitcli, Russian 
 historian, IX. 768. 
 
 Karamzin : see Karamsin. 
 
 Karasu-Bazar [ka-ra-soo'-ba-zar'J, town, Cri¬ 
 mea, IX. 768. 
 
 Kardszag [kord'-sog], town, Hungary, IX. 768. 
 
 Karelians : see Finns, VII. 206, 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 Ka'rens, people of Burmah, &c., IX. 768 ; 253, 
 1 a. Biblical traditions among them, 768, 2 b. 
 
 Karians : see Karens. 
 
KARL 
 
 KAUP 
 
 431 
 
 Karl the Great (Charlemagne), VII. 379, 2 b. 
 
 Karli : see Carlee. 
 
 Karlsbad : see Carlsbad. 
 
 Karlsburg: see Carlsburg. 
 
 Karlsburg , cascade of the, IV. 63, 1 b. 
 
 Karlshamn: see Carlsiiamn. 
 
 Karlskrona: see Carlscrona. 
 
 Karlsruhe : see Carlsruhe. 
 
 Karlstad : see Carlstad. 
 
 Ivarlstadt, town of Croatia, IK. 769. 
 
 Karmunah: see Carmona. 
 
 Karnak: see Thebes, XV. 689, 1 a. Karnak 
 tablet, 1 ab. Gateway of Karnak (ill.), 688. 
 
 Karnes, county, IX. 769. 
 
 Karpin'ski, Franciszek, Polish poet, IX. 769. 
 
 Karr, Jean Baptiste Alphonse, French author, 
 IX. 769. 
 
 Karr am: see Karens. 
 
 Karroos , plains in Cape Colony, III. 743, 1 c. 
 
 Kars, city of Turkey, IX. 769 (view). (Taken 
 by the Russians, November, 1877.) 
 
 Karsch, Anna Luise [karsh], German poetess, 
 IX. 769. 
 
 Karschin : see Karsch. 
 
 Karsten, Karl Johann Bernhard, German 
 mineralogist, IX. 770. On the material of 
 Damascus blades, V. 653, 2 b-c. Hermann 
 and Gustav, scientists, IX. 770, 1 ab. Her¬ 
 mann, naturalist and traveller, 1 b. 
 
 Kartlians (Georgians), VII. 727, 1 c. 
 
 Kdrttikeya [kart-te-ka'-ya], Brahman divinity, 
 IX. 230, 1 b. 
 
 Kartveli (Georgians), VII. 727, 1 c. 
 
 Karun [ka-roon'], river of Persia, IX. 823, 
 2 ab; XIII. 315, 2 b. 
 
 Kdrnthen [kern'-ten]: see Carinthia. 
 
 Kasa, Abyssinian chief, I. 48, 1 a. (Properly 
 Kassai. Crowned as King Johannes, 1872.) 
 
 Kasan : see Kazan. 
 
 Kasbin : see Casbin. 
 
 Kaschau [ka'-show], town of Hungary, IX. 770. 
 
 Kdsegrotte [ka'-zeh-grot-tSh], cavern in Prussia, 
 VIII. 269, 1 c. 
 
 Kashan', city of Persia, IX. 770. 
 
 Kashgar', province of East Turkistan, IX. 770. 
 Capital city, 771, 1 a (view, 770). 
 
 Kasi-Mollah [ka'-ze-], Caucasian chieftain and 
 sectary, IV. 134, 1 ab; XIV. 824, 1 ab. 
 
 Kasim Paslia [ka-seem' pa-sha'], suburb of 
 Constantinople, V. 276, 2 c; 277, 1 b. 
 
 Kaskaskia river , Illinois, IX. 183, 1 ab. 
 
 Kaskaskias , Indian tribe, IX. 180, 2 c; 181,1 ab. 
 
 Kasr, ruins (Babylon), II. 186, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Kasr Keroon , temple in Fayoom, VII. 102, 2 c. 
 
 Kassa [kosh'-aw]: see Kaschau. 
 
 Kassai [kas-sl'j: see Kasa (Index). 
 
 Kassel: see Cassel. 
 
 Kassubs, a Slav tribe in Prussia, XV. 103, 2 ab. 
 
 Kastanienburg [kas-ta'-ne-en-boorg], castle, Ba¬ 
 varia, VIII. 410, 1 a. 
 
 Kastner, Abraham Gotthelf [kest'-ner], Ger¬ 
 man mathematician, IX. 771. 
 
 Kasyapa [kas'-ya-pa], in Buddhism, III. 394, 2 c. 
 
 Katahdin [ka-ta'-din], mountain, Maine, IX. 
 771. 
 
 Kata-Jcana [ka-ta-ka'-na], kind of Japanese wri¬ 
 ting, IX. 548, 2 a, be (ill.); Aino, I. 216,1 a. 
 
 Katalysine [ka-tal'-e-sin], of Gettysburg springs, 
 VII. 779, 2 b. 
 
 Kater, Henry, English mathematician, IX. 771. 
 
 Kathedersocialisten [ka'-teh-der-zo-tse-al-is'- 
 ten], school of political economists in Ger¬ 
 many, XV.' 143, 1 a. 
 
 Kadlo/uara, of the Greek church, III. 257, 1 a. 
 
 Katib Tchelebi: see Hadji Kiialfa. 
 
 Katif [ka-teef'], seaport town, Arabia, IX. 772. 
 
 Katkoff', Mikhail Nikiforovitch, Russian pub¬ 
 licist, IX. 772. 
 
 Katmandu [-doo'], capital of Nepaul, IX. 772. 
 
 Katona [kot'-o-naw], (Joseph, 1792-1830), his 
 drama Bankbdn , II. 283, 1 c. 
 
 Katrine, Loch [15 k h kat'-rin], lake of Scotland, 
 IX. 772. 
 
 Katt , Lieut., friend of Frederick the Great, 
 execution of, VII. 455, 2 ab. Place of his 
 execution, X. 65, 2 b. 
 
 Kattegat : see Cattegat. 
 
 Kattywar : see Cattywar. 
 
 Katunya [ka-toon'-ya], pillars of the (moun¬ 
 tains), I. 358, 2 a. 
 
 Ka'tydid, insect, IX. 772 (ill.). 
 
 Katzbach [kats'-ba k h], river of Prussia, IX. 
 773. Battle of the, lb; II. 751, 1 c, ff. 
 
 Kauai [kow-i'], Hawaiian island, IX. 773. 
 
 Kauffmann, Maria Angelica [ko wf'-man], Swiss 
 painter, IX. 773. 
 
 Kaufman [kawf'-man], county, IX. 773. 
 
 Kaufman , county seat, IX. 773, 2 c. 
 
 Kaufmann, Constantin Petrovitch [kowf'-mun], 
 Russian general, IX. 773. 
 
 Kaufmann, Theodor, American painter, IX. 774. 
 
 Kauikeaouli [kow-e-ka-a-oo'-le]: see Kameha- 
 MEHA III. 
 
 KAULBAcn, Wilhelm von [kowl'-ba k h], German 
 painter, IX. 774. Friedrich, painter, 775, 1 a. 
 
 Kaunitz, Wenzel Anton, prince [kow'-nits], 
 Austrian statesman, IX. 775. 
 
 Kaup [kowp], (Johann Jakob, 1803-73, pro- 
 
432 
 
 KAVANAGH 
 
 KEN 
 
 fessor at Darmstadt), discovery of the dino- 
 therium by, YI. 117, 1 b. 
 
 Kavanagh, Julia [kav'-a-na], British authoress, 
 IX. 775. (Died 1877.) 
 
 Kavanaugh, Hubbard Hinde, American bish¬ 
 op, IX. 775. 
 
 Kavi [ka'-ve], ancient Javanese language, IX. 
 578, 1 b. W. von Humboldt’s work on 
 ( Kawisprache ), 47, 1 b. 
 
 Kavika [ka-ve'-ka], fruit tree, YII. 110, 1 c. 
 
 Kawe'le , African town, XVI. 103, 1 a. 
 
 Kawisprache [ka'-ve-spra- k heli]: see Kavi (In¬ 
 dex). 
 
 Kaye, John, English bishop, IX. 775. 
 
 Kaye, Sir John William, author, IX. 775. 
 (Died 1876.) 
 
 Kayrens: see Karens. 
 
 Kayugharu, kayukalambak , trees, III. 564, 1 b. 
 
 Kazaks [ka'-zaks], (Cossacks), Y. 391, 1 b. 
 
 Kazan [ka-zan'J, government of Russia, IX. 
 776. Capital city, 1 c. Semiozernoi con¬ 
 vent, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Kazan, Our Lady of, cathedral of, St. Peters¬ 
 burg, XIY. 551,1 a; 1.282,1 c. 
 
 Kazbin: see Casbin. 
 
 Kaziaskier: see Ulema. 
 
 Kazinczy, Ferencz [koz'-in-tse], Hungarian au¬ 
 thor, IX. 776. 
 
 Kean, Edmund, English actor, IX. 777. Allu¬ 
 sion to, I. 270, 2 a. Charles John, actor, IX. 
 778, 1 a. Ellen (Tree), actress, 1 c. 
 
 Keane, John, lord, general, IX. 778; 1.161,1 b. 
 
 Kearney [kar'-ne], county, IX. 778. 
 
 Kearny, Lawrence, American naval officer, IX. 
 778. Stephen Watts, soldier, 2 c. His diffi¬ 
 culty with Com. Stockton, YII. 479,1 b; with 
 Fremont, 1 be. Philip, soldier, IX. 779, 1 a. 
 
 Kearsarge, mountain, XI. 412,2 b; XII.292, 2 b. 
 
 Kearsarge , U. S. war steamer, XIY. 763, 1 c; 
 XYI. 673, 1 a. 
 
 Keats, John, English poet, IX. 779; YI. 643,1 c. 
 
 Keble, John, English poet, IX. 780. 
 
 Kecskemet [ketch'-keh-mait], city of Hungary, 
 IX. 780. 
 
 Keeohies, Indian tribe, IX. 780. 
 
 Keel , of a ship, XIV. 861, 2 a. False keel, 
 862, 2 b. 
 
 Keelson [kel'-sun], of a ship, XIY. 862, 2 c. 
 
 Keene, city of New Hampshire, IX. 781. 
 
 Keene, Laura, American actress, IX. 781. 
 
 Keene's cement, VIII. 359, 1 b. 
 
 Keeners: see Mourning, XII. 13, 2 c. 
 
 Keep, in a mediaeval castle, YII. 328, 2 b. 
 
 Keferstein [ka'-fer-stine], (Christian, 1784-1866, 
 
 jurist, geologist, and archaeologist, of Halle), 
 his theory of volcanoes, IX. 70, 1 b. 
 
 Keff, town of Tunis, IX. 781. 
 
 Kehl [kail], town of Alsace-Lorraine, IX. 781. 
 
 Keighley [keeth'-le], town of England, IX. 781. 
 
 Keightley, Thomas [kite'-le], author, IX. 781. 
 
 Keill, John [keel], mathematician, IX. 781. 
 
 Keim, Theodor [kime], theologian, IX. 782. 
 
 Keith [keeth], county, IX. 782. 
 
 Keith, Alexander, Scottish author, IX. 782. 
 
 Keith, George, Prussian diplomatist, IX. 782. 
 James, general, 1 c. 
 
 Keith, George Keith-Elphinstone, viscount, 
 admiral, IX. 782. Baroness Keith, 2 c : see 
 Flahaut de la Billarderie. 
 
 Kelat', capital of Beloochistan, IX. 782. 
 
 Keldus [kel'-doos], (Culdees), Y. 562, 2 c. 
 
 Kel'lermann, Francois Christophe [Fr. ka- 
 lair-man], duke of Yalmy, French soldier, 
 IX. 783. Francois Ktienne, soldier, 1 c. 
 
 Kelley, 0. H.: see Husbandry, Patrons of. 
 
 Kellogg, Clara Louisa, American singer, IX. 
 783. 
 
 Kellogg, Edward, on currency, XI. 745, 2 b. 
 
 Kelly, Thomas J., Fenian, YII. 129, 1 a, b. 
 
 Kelp, I. 299, 2 ab; II. 311, 2 c; YII. 515, 
 1 ab; IX. 327, 1 ab. 
 
 Kelpie: see Fairies, YII. 65, 1 a. 
 
 Kelt: see Salmon, XIY. 568, 1 c. 
 
 Iv£/l rat, IY. 176, 2 be. 
 
 Kelung', town of Formosa, IX. 783. 
 
 Kemble, name of a family of British actors, 
 IX. 784. Roger, 1 a. John Philip, ib. 
 George Stephen, 1 c. Elizabeth (Mrs. Whit¬ 
 lock), ib. Charles, 2 a. Frances Anne (Mrs. 
 Butler), 2 be. Adelaide (Mrs. Sartoris), 785, 
 1 c. Marriage of her son, Algernon Charles, 
 to the daughter of President Grant, ib. 
 
 Kemble, Fanny: see Kemble, Frances Anne, 
 IX. 784, 2 be. 
 
 Kemble, John Mitchell, English historian, IX. 
 785. 
 
 Kemeny, Zsigmond, baron [kem'-ainy’], Hun¬ 
 garian author, IX. 785. (Died 1875.) 
 
 Kem'pelen, Wolfgang, baron, Hungarian mech¬ 
 anician, IX. 786. His automaton chess play¬ 
 er, 1 a, b; II. 155, 2 c. 
 
 Kemper, county, IX. 786. 
 
 Kemper, Reuben, American soldier, IX. 786. 
 
 Kempis, Thomas a, ascetic waiter, IX. 786. 
 
 Kempten, town of Bavaria, IX. 787. 
 
 Ken, Thomas, English bishop, IX. 787. 
 
 Ken, prefecture in Japan, IX. 741, 2 ab; XIL 
 124, 1 b. 
 
KENAIANS 
 
 KEENER 
 
 433 
 
 Kenaians, Alaskan Indians, IX. 787. 
 Kenansxille , county seat, YI. 322, 1 c. 
 
 Kendal, town of England, IX. 788. 
 
 Keiidal green , color, XVI. 712, 1 b. 
 
 Kendall, two counties, IX. 788. 
 
 Kendall, Amos, American politician, IX. 788. 
 Kendall, George Wilkins, journalist, IX. 788. 
 Kendall institute: see Shurtleff College. 
 Ivendeiok, Asahel Clark, American classical 
 and Biblical scholar, IX. 789. 
 
 Ken'eh, city of Egypt, IX. 789. 
 
 Kenesaic mountain , Georgia, referred to, XIY. 
 851, 2 ab. 
 
 Kenilworth, village of England, IX. 789. 
 
 Castle, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Kennebec, county, IX. 790. 
 
 Kennebec, river of Maine, IX. 790. 
 
 Kennedy, Benjamin Hall, English clergyman, 
 IX. 790. Charles Rann, barrister, 2 ab. 
 Kennedy, Grace, Scottish authoress, IX. 790. 
 Kennedy, John Pendleton, American author, 
 IX. 790. 
 
 Kennekuk , Kickapoo chief, IX. 82-1, 2 ab. 
 Kennet , county seat, YI. 317, 2 be. 
 
 Kennet, White, English bishop, IX. 791. 
 Kenneth Macalpin, Scottish king, XIY. 704,1 c. 
 Kennicott, Benjamin, English clergyman and 
 critic, IX. 791. His attempt to restore the 
 Hebrew text of the Old Testament, 1 c. 
 Collation of manuscripts, 2 a. 
 
 Kenny , St ., cathedral of, IX. 832, 1 b (ill.). 
 Keno'sha, county, IX. 791. 
 
 Kenosha, city of Wisconsin, IX. 791. 
 
 Kenrick, Francis Patrick, archbishop of Balti¬ 
 more, IX. 792. Peter Richard, archbishop 
 of St. Louis, 2 a. 
 
 Kensett, John Frederick, American artist, IX. 
 793. 
 
 Kensington gardens, London, X. 597, 2 a. Ken¬ 
 sington palace, 609, 1 be. See Park, XIII. 
 102 (map). 
 
 Kent, four counties, United States, IX. 793. 
 Kent, two counties, Canada, IX. 793. 
 
 Kent, county of England, IX. 794. 
 
 Kent, Edward Augustus, duke of, IX. 794. 
 Kent, James, American jurist, IX. 794. His 
 “ Commentaries,” XYI. 202, 1 ab. William, 
 IX. 796, 1 ab. 
 
 Kent , Joan of: see Bocher, Joan (Index). 
 Kent, V T illiam, English artist, IX. 796. 
 Kentaienton, town of the Eries, YI. 714, 1 b. 
 Kentish petition, allusion to, Y. 763, 1 a. 
 Kentland, county seat, XII. 345, 1 b. 
 
 Kenton, county, IX. 796. 
 
 28 
 
 Kenton , county seat, VIII. 453, 2 b. 
 
 Kenton, Simon, American pioneer, IX. 796. 
 Kent's hole , cavern: see Torquay, XV. 806, 2 a. 
 Kentucky, state, IX. 796. Seal (ill.), 797. 
 Population, 1 c. Topography, 2 c. Rivers, 
 798, 1 be. Geology and minerals, 2 b; cor¬ 
 alline productions, 799,1 a. Soil, 2 a. Cli¬ 
 mate, ib . Productions, 2 b. Agriculture, 
 2 c. Manufactures, 800, 2 a. Commerce, 
 1 c. Intercommunication, 801, 1 a. Banks, 
 1 b. Government, 1 be. Finances, 802, 1 b. 
 Public institutions, 1 c. Education, 2 b. 
 Newspapers, &c., 803, 2 be. Religious or¬ 
 ganizations, 804, 1 a. History, 1 b. 
 Kentucky, river, IX. 805. 
 
 Kentucky military institute: see Military 
 S cnooLS, XI. 538, 2 a. 
 
 Kentucky resolutions of 1798, XII. 534, 1 a. 
 Kentucky university , X. 390, 1 b (ill.). 
 Kentxille , county seat, X. 6, 1 b. 
 
 Kenyon, John, English poet, IX. 806. 
 
 Kenyon, Lloyd, lord, jurist, IX. 806. 
 
 Kenyon College : see Gambier. 
 
 Ke'okuk, county, IX. 806. 
 
 Keokuk, city of Iowa, IX. 806. 
 
 Keosauqua, county seat, XYI. 253, 2 c. 
 Kepler, Johann, German astronomer, IX. 807. 
 Kepler’s laws, 2 b ; 808, lb; II. 45,1 b. See 
 Geometry, YII. 701, 2 a. 
 
 Keppel, Augustus, viscount, English admiral, 
 IX. 809. George Thomas, statesman, 1 b. 
 Sir Henry, admiral, 1 c. 
 
 Keratonyxis, in couching, IY. 102, 1 c, 2 a. 
 Keratry, Auguste Hilarion de [ka-ra-tre], 
 French author, IX. 809. £mile de, count, 
 politician, 2 b. 
 
 Kerguelen [Fr. kair-ga-la ng ], island, Indian 
 ocean, IX. 809. A station for observing the 
 transit of Venus in 1874, 2 c. 
 
 Kerguelen land , antarctic territory, IX. 810,1 a. 
 Kerguelen-Tremarec [-tra-ma-rek], Yves Jo¬ 
 seph de, French navigator, IX. 810. 
 
 Kerkha [ker'-ka], river of Persia, IX. 810, 1 c, 
 823, 2 a; XIII. 315, 2 b. 
 
 Kerman [ker-man'], province of Persia, IX. 
 
 810. Capital city, 1 be. 
 
 KERMANSHAn [-sha'J, town of Persia, IX. 810. 
 
 Cuneiform inscriptions near, Y. 573, 2 a, 1 c. 
 Ker'mes Insect: see Cochineal, IY. 778, 1 c; 
 Oak, XII. 558, 1 c. 
 
 Kermes Mineral, IX. 810; I. 565, 2 a. 
 
 Kern, county, IX. 810. 
 
 Kerner, Andreas Justinus [kair'-ner], German 
 physician, IX. 810. 
 
434 
 
 KEROSENE 
 
 KHOMADO 
 
 Kerosene', IX. 811; XIII. 371,1 a, ff. Varie¬ 
 ty in quality, 373, 2 b. 
 
 Kerr, county, IX. 813. 
 
 Kerrsville , county seat, IX. 813, 1 c. 
 
 Kerry, county of Ireland, IX. 813. 
 
 Kerry cow , IV. 131, 1 c. Kerry bull (ill.), ib. 
 
 Kershaw', county, IX. 813. 
 
 Kertch [kerch], city of the Crimea, IX. 813 
 (view, 814). Strait of, 2 b; III. 113, 1 c. 
 Tumuli at, IX. 814, 1 b. 
 
 Kertch collection of Greek antiques , IV. 217,1 be. 
 
 Keshish Dagh , mountain, Turkey, IX. 822,1 be. 
 
 Kestrel, falcon, IX. 814 (ill.). 
 
 Keswick [kez'-ik], town of England, IX. 814. 
 
 Ketchup , origin of name, XV. 203, 1 a. 
 
 Ketmehr [ket'-mair], dog, companion of the 
 seven sleepers, VI. 679, 1 b. 
 
 Ke'tones, in chemistry, IX. 815. 
 
 Ketteler, Wilhelm Emanuel von, baron, Ger¬ 
 man prelate, IX. 815. 
 
 Ketskemet: see Kecskemet. 
 
 Kett , Cornish insurgent leader, VI. 438, 2 c. 
 
 Kettle drum: see Drum, VI. 271, 2 b. 
 
 Ket'upa (ornithology), XII. 754, 1 c. K. fla- 
 vipes, ib. 
 
 Kev'el, variety of gazelle, VII. 655, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Kew, village of England, IX. 815. Royal bo¬ 
 tanic gardens, 2 b; referred to, I. 223, 1 c. 
 Museum (ill.), IX. 815. 
 
 Kewau'nee, county, IX. 816. 
 
 Kewaunee , county seat, IX. 816, 1 a. 
 
 Kewee'naw, county, IX. 816. Keweenaw point, 
 la; 10, 2 b. 
 
 Kewkiang', town of China, IX. 816. 
 
 Key: see Lock. In music, XII. 77, 1 a. 
 
 Key, Francis Scott, American poet, IX. 816. 
 His “Star-Spangled Banner,” 2 a; 11.253, 
 1 a. Proposed monument to, X. 412, 2 c. 
 
 Key, Thomas Hewitt, English scholar and 
 educator, IX. 816. (Died 1875.) 
 
 Key Islands, Indian archipelago, IX. 816. 
 
 Keys, the , Bahama islands, III. 551, 1 ab. 
 
 Keyser, Nicaise de [ki'-zer; Fr. ka-zair], Bel¬ 
 gian painter, IX. 816. 
 
 Keyserling and Blasius, classification of birds 
 by, XII. 708, 1 b. 
 
 Keys of Florida : see Florida Keys. 
 
 Keytesville [keets'-vil], county seat, IV. 277,1 c. 
 
 Key West, island of Florida, IX. 817; VII. 
 280, 1 b. City, IX. 817, 1 c (view). 
 
 Khadijah [ka-de'-ja], wife of Mohammed, XI. 
 694, 1 a, c. 
 
 Khair-ed-Din [kire-ed-deen'], pasha of Algiers, 
 I. 305, 2 a. See Barbarossa, II. 297, 2 c. 
 
 Khalana: see Culna. 
 
 Khalfa , Turkish official title, VIII. 368, 2 ab. 
 Khaliloo', king of Gando, Africa, VII. 609,1 be. 
 Khamsin [kam-seen'J, a wind of Egypt, I. 165, 
 2 ab; VI. 456, 1 ab; XV. 60, 1 c. 
 
 Khan [kan], sovereign title, IX. 818. Cara¬ 
 vansary, 1 c; III. 767, 2 ab. 
 
 Khandeish : see Candeish. 
 
 Khania : see Canea. 
 
 Khan Minyeh , supposed site of Capernaum, 
 Palestine, III. 751, 1 c. 
 
 Khanpoor', town of Hindostan, IX. 818. 
 
 Khan serai [sa-rl'], palace, II. 229, 2 c. 
 Kharesm', khanate of Khiva, IX. 818. 
 Kharizmians , or Kharesmians , invasion of Sy¬ 
 ria by, V. 530, 2 c ; IX. 818, 2 b. 
 
 Khar'kov, government of Russia, IX. 818. 
 Capital city, 2 c. 
 
 Khartoom', town of Sennaar, IX. 819 (view). 
 Khat , shrub, XVI. 782, 2 b; IX. 731, 2 b. 
 Khatrees ', Hindoo race, IX. 213, 2 be, c. 
 Khaunpoor : see Khanpoor. 
 
 “ Khazar , the,” a Hebrew work, IX. 699, 2 a. 
 Khazars, a Turanian people, XIV. 489, 1 a; 
 V. 620, 1 a. 
 
 Kazneh: see Petra, XIII. 362, 2 c. 
 
 Khedive [ka-deev'], of Egypt, VI. 457, 1 ber, 
 468, la; I. 16, 1 c; IX. 430, 1 c. 
 
 Khem , Egyptian divinity, VI. 464,1 a, 484, 2b; 
 
 XI. 384, 2 a; XII. 116, 2 b; XIII. 380, 2 c. 
 Khemnitzer : see Chemnitzer. 
 
 Khekaskoff', Mikhail, Russian poet, IX. 819. 
 Kherson [ker'-son], government of Russia, 
 
 IX. 819. Capital city, 820, 1 a (view). 
 Khilji , house of, in India, IX. 207, 2 be. 
 Khimara [ke-ma'-ra]: see Ceraunian Moun¬ 
 tains, IV. 209, 1 a. 
 
 Khio: see Scio. 
 
 Khiva [ke'-va], khanate of Turkistan, IX. 820; 
 II. 10, 2 a. Oasis of, IX. 820, 2 a. History, 
 821, 1 ab. Capital city, 2 be. Mosque of 
 the palace, 822, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Khlodwig (Clovis), VII. 378, 2 c. 
 
 Khlysti, Russian sect, XIV. 485, 1 be. 
 
 Khmim [kmeem], VI. 484, 2 c (Ekhmim). 
 Khnum [knoom]: see Knuphis (Index). 
 Khodavendighiar [ko-da-ven'-de-gyar], vila¬ 
 yet of Turkey, IX. 822. 
 
 Khoi, town of Persia, IX. 822. 
 
 Khokan', khanate of central Asia, IX. 822. 
 (Annexed to Russia as the province of Fer¬ 
 ghana, 1876.) Capital city, 2 c. 
 
 Khomado [ko-mli-dd'], Burmese temple of, 
 
 XII. 790, 2 a. 
 
KHORA 
 
 KINESIPATHY 
 
 435 
 
 Khora dialect: see Hottentots, IX. 9, 1 c. 
 Khorasan', province of Persia, IX. 823. His¬ 
 tory, 1 b. 
 
 Khorassan : see Khorasan. 
 
 Khordeh Avesta: see Zend-Avesta, X\ I. 810, 
 2 c. 
 
 Khorremabad' , town of Persia, X. 724, 2 a. 
 Khorsabad , mound of: see Nineveh, XII. 456, 
 2 ab, 457, 1 be. Referred to, II. 35, 2 b. 
 Khoshots , Calmuck tribe, HI. 623, 1 c. 
 
 Khosru [koz'-roo]: see Chosroes. 
 
 Khotin', town of Russia, IX. 823. 
 
 Khovaresm : see Kharesm. 
 
 Khubilghans , in Lamaism, X. 116, 1 c. 
 Khusarthis , in Phoenician mythology, XII. 
 118, 1 c. 
 
 Khusor, in Phoenician mythology, XII. 118,1 c. 
 Khutuktus [koo-took-toos'], in Lamaism, X. 
 116, 1 be. 
 
 Khuzistan', province of Persia, IX. 823 ; 345, 
 2 be. 
 
 Khyerpoor' , state in Sinde, XY. 64,2 b ; 65,1 ab. 
 Ki [ke]: see Key Islands. 
 
 Kiakhta [kya k h'-ta], town of Siberia, IX. 823. 
 Kiangning-fu [kyang-ning-foo']: see Nanking. 
 Kiangsi [-see'], province of China, IX. 823. 
 Kiangsu [-soo'], province of China, IX. 824. 
 Kiches: see Quiches. 
 
 Kichisipirini [ke-she-se-pe-re'-ne], Algonquins, 
 
 I. 309, 1 a. 
 
 Kick'apoos, Indian tribe, IX. 824. 
 
 Kidd, William, pirate, IX. 825. Referred to, 
 
 II. 501, 2 c; XY. 160, 1 c. 
 
 Kidder, county, IX. 825. 
 
 Kidder, Daniel Parish, American clergyman, 
 IX. 825. 
 
 Kid'derminster, borough of England, IX. 826. 
 Kidderminster carpet, IY. 20, 2 a. 
 Kidnapping, in law, IX. 826. 
 
 Kidney, IX. 826 (ills.). Granular degenera¬ 
 tion of, 827, 2 c; I. 258, 1 a. Gouty kid¬ 
 ney, ib. ; waxy, 1 b ; fatty, ib. 
 
 Kidney bean, II. 416, 2 a. 
 
 Kieff: see Kiev. 
 
 Kiel [keel], seaport of Prussia, IX. 828 (view). 
 
 Treaty of peace of Kiel, IY. 529, 1 a. 
 Kielce [kyel'-tseh], government of Russia, IX. 
 828. Capital city, 2 c. 
 
 Kienciiow [kyen-chow'], city of China, IX. 828. 
 Kienmier's amalgam [keen'-meers], YI. 505,1 c. 
 Kien-lung [kyen-loong'], emperor of China, IY. 
 459, 2 c. 
 
 Kiepert, Heinrich [ke'-pert], German geog¬ 
 rapher, IX. 829. 
 
 Kiesewetter, Rafael Georg [ke'-z8h-vet-ter], 
 author, IX. 829. 
 
 Kiev [ke'-ev], government of Russia, IX. 829. 
 Capital city, 2 c. Petcherskoi monastery, 
 830, 1 a (ill., 829). 
 
 Kijang [ke-jang'], a kind of deer, XII. 47, 1 c. 
 Ivilauea [ke-low-a'-a], volcano of Hawaii, IX* 
 830 ; YIII. 525, 2 c. 
 
 Kilbourne, James [kil'-burn], American pio¬ 
 neer, IX. 830. 
 
 Kilchum ', castle of, II. 164, 2 a. 
 
 Kildare', county of Ireland, IX. 831. Cur- 
 ragh of Kildare, 1 be. 
 
 Kil'deer, bird, IX. 831 (ill.). 
 
 Kilian , Saint (Scotch apostle of the Franks, 
 first bishop of Wurzburg, martyred 688), 
 church of, YIII. 614, 1 b (Heilbronn). 
 Kilimane: see Quilimane. 
 
 Kilimanjaro', mountain of Africa, IX. 831. 
 Kilkenny, county of Ireland, IX. 831. Capi¬ 
 tal city, 832, 1 a. Cathedral, 1 b (ill.). 
 “Kill” in parliamentary slang, XIII. 119, 1 a. 
 Killar'ney, town of Ireland, IX. 832. Lakes 
 of, 1 c. Ruins of Ross castle, 2 a (ill.). 
 Killas: see Lead, X. 250, 2 c. 
 
 Kill-dara, cell of St. Bridget, III. 280, 2 c. 
 Killer, grampus, YIII. 147,1 b ; XYI. 582,1 a. 
 Killiecrankie, pass of, II. 67,1 b ; YIII. 142,2 b. 
 Killigrew, Sir William, English poet, IX. 832. 
 Thomas, dramatist, 2 b. Henry, divine, 833, 
 
 1 a. Anne, ib. 
 
 Killikiniclc!, substitute for tobacco, XY. 462,1 b. 
 Kilmar'nock, borough of Scotland, IX. 833. 
 Kiln , brick, III. 267,1 a; malt, 258, 2 b; lime, 
 X.477, 2 b ; hop, YIII. 809, 2 b; stoneware, 
 XIII. 788, 1 b (ills.); earthenware, 789, 2 o, 
 790, 2 a (ills.); porcelain, 791, 2 a (ill.). 
 Kilogramme : see Gramme, YIII. 146, 2 a. 
 Kilt , in highland costume, XIY. 700, 2 a. 
 Kilwa [keel'-wa], town of E. Africa, IX. 833. 
 Kimball, Richard Burleigh, American author, 
 IX. 833. 
 
 Kimble, county, IX. 833. 
 
 Kimhi, or Kimchi, David [kim-he', k he'], He¬ 
 brew scholar, IX. 833. 
 
 Kimmeridge clay, IY. 185, 1 ab. 
 
 Kin, Chinese musical instrument, XII. 86,1 c. 
 Kincardineshire [king-kar'-din-sheer], county 
 of Scotland, IX. 833. 
 
 Kindergarten : see Infant Schools, IX. 273, 
 
 2 b; Education, YI. 418, 1 a; Froebel, 
 YII. 502, 2 b. 
 
 Kinesipathy [ki-nes'-e-path-e]: see Ling, Peter 
 Henrik, X. 506, 2 c. 
 
436 
 
 KING 
 
 KINSKY 
 
 King, title, IX. 833. 
 
 King, county, IX. 834. 
 
 King , Chinese musical instrument, XII. 86, 2 a. 
 
 King, Clarence, discovery of glaciers in Cali¬ 
 fornia by, VII. 827, 2 c. 
 
 King, John Crookshanks, American sculptor, 
 IX. 834. 
 
 King, Peter, lord, English chancellor, IX. 834. 
 
 King, Philip Parker, admiral, IX. 834. 
 
 King, Rufus, American statesman, IX. 835. 
 John Alsop, 836, 2 b. Charles, president 
 of Columbia college, ib. 
 
 King, Thomas Starr, American clergyman and 
 writer, IX. 836. 
 
 King, William, Irish bishop, IX. 837. 
 
 King, William Kufus, American statesman, 
 IX. 837. Vice president, 2 a. 
 
 King and Queen, county, IX. 837. 
 
 King and Queen Court House , county seat, IX. 
 837, 2 b. 
 
 King at Arms: see Heraldry, VIII. 674,1 c, 2 a. 
 
 King Bird, IX. 837 (ill.). 
 
 King Crab, IX. 838 (ill.) ; V. 448, 1 c, 533, 2 b. 
 
 Kingcup , plant, XIV. 202, 1 c. 
 
 King Fish, IX. 838 (ill.) ; VIII. 385, 2 c. 
 
 King'fisher, bird, IX. 839 (ills.). 
 
 King George, county, IX. 840. 
 
 King George C. K, county seat, IX. 840, 2 a. 
 
 King of the herrings, fish, XIV. 727, 1 b. 
 
 Kinghunters , birds, IX. 840, 1 be. 
 
 King James's Newland (Spitzbergen), XV. 279, 
 2 a. 
 
 King John's castle, Limerick, X. 480, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 King Karl land (Spitzbergen), XV. 279, 2 ab. 
 
 Kinglake, Alexander William, English author, 
 IX. 840. John Alexander, lawyer, 2 c. 
 
 Kinglet, bird, X. 5 (ill.). 
 
 “ King-maker, the:" see Warwick, Richard 
 Neville, earl of. 
 
 Kingman, county, X. 5. 
 
 King of the marJcets, sobriquet, II. 425, 1 b. 
 
 King of the mountains : see Mejia. 
 
 King Philip's war, XI. 259, 1 a, 260, 2 ab. 
 See Narragansetts, and Philip, King. 
 
 King-post truss: see Roof, XIV. 421, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Kings, county of New York, X. 5. 
 
 King’s, three counties of Canada, X. 5. 
 
 King’s, county of Ireland, X. 6. 
 
 Kings, Books of, X. 6. First and second, 1 c: 
 see Samuel, Books of. 
 
 Kingsborough, Edward King, viscount, archae¬ 
 ologist, X. 6. 
 
 King's boys , in Christ’s hospital, IV. 553, 2 c, 
 554, 1 c. 
 
 Kings'bridge: see New York, XII. 374, 1 a, 
 ab; Yonkers, XVI. 787, 1 b. 
 
 Kingsbury, county, X. 6. 
 
 King's college , London, V. 58, 2 a; X. 604, 1 b. 
 King's college, original name of Columbia col¬ 
 lege, V. 118, 2 c. 
 
 King's counterpoise gun carriage , I. 796, 2 c. 
 King's dale: see Jerusalem, IX. 620, 1 ab. 
 King'8 evil (scrofula), the first English prince 
 that touched for it, VI. 433, 2 c. 
 
 Kingsley, Calvin, American clergyman, X. 6. 
 Kingsley, Charles, English clergyman and au¬ 
 thor, X. 7. (Died 1875.) Henry, author, 
 2 b. (Died 1876.) 
 
 Kingsley, James Luce, American scholar, X. 8. 
 King's Lynn: see Lynn-Regis. 
 
 Kingsmill group : see Gilbert Islands. 
 
 King’s Mountain, village of North Carolina, 
 X. 8. Battle of, 1 c. 
 
 King snake (chain snake), IV. 225, 2 b. 
 
 King's scholars, in Eton college, VI. 763, 1 c. 
 Kingston, city of New York, X. 8. State 
 constitutional convention at, 1 c; 546, 1 c. 
 Kingston, county seats, III. 577, 2 a; XIV. 
 
 354, 1 c; XVI. 473, 1 b. 
 
 Kingston, city of Canada, X. 9 (ill.). 
 Kingston, capital of Jamaica, X. 10 (view). 
 Kingston : see Kingston-upon-Thames. 
 Kingston, Elizabeth Chudleigh, duchess of, 
 X. 11. 
 
 Kingston-upon-Hull: see Hull. 
 Kingston-upon-Thames, town of England, X. 
 
 11. Roman antiquities, 2 c. 
 
 Kingstown, seaport of Ireland, X. 11. 
 Kingstree, county seat, XVI. 642, 1 c. 
 
 King's vassals: see Serfs, XIV. 775, 1 be. 
 Kingtechin', town of China, X. 12. 
 
 King William, county, X. 12. 
 
 King William C. H, county seat, X. 12, 1 b. 
 Kingwood: see Rosewood, XIV. 441, 1 ab. 
 Kingwood, county seat, XIII. 827, 1 b. 
 
 Ki'nio Acid, X. 12. 
 
 Kin'kajou: see Potto, XIII. 792, 2 c. 
 
 Kinkel, Johann -Gottfried, German poet and 
 patriot, X. 12; XIV. 687, 1 c. 
 
 Kinney, county, X. 12. 
 
 Kinnildnick’, substitute for tobacco, XV. 462. 
 1 b. 
 
 Kino, vegetable extract, X. 12. 
 
 Kino'ic acid, X. 12, 2 c. 
 
 Ki’none: see Kinio Acid, X. 12, 1 c. 
 Kinross'-siiire, county of Scotland, X. 13. 
 Kins ale', town of Ireland, X. 13. 
 
 Kin'sky, noble Bohemian family, X. 13 c 
 
KINSTON 
 
 KJOEKKEN-MOEDDINGS 437 
 
 Kinston , county seat, X. 341, 2 a. 
 
 Kioto [ke-o'-to], city of Japan, X. 13. 
 
 Kiow [ke'-ov]: see Kiev. 
 
 Ki'owa, county, X. 13. 
 
 Kiowas, or Kioways, Indian tribe, X. 13. 
 
 Kip : see Leather, X. 271, 1 ab. 
 
 Kip, William Ingraliam, American bishop, X. 
 14. (Died 1877.) 
 
 Kippis, Andrew, English clergyman, X. 14. 
 Kiptchak, Tartar race, X. 14; XY. 575, 2 c. 
 Desert of, X. 14, 2 c. Khanate of, 15, 1 a; 
 
 IX. 776, 2 ab. See Mongolians. 
 
 Kirby, William, English naturalist, X. 15. 
 Classification of insects by Kirby and 
 Spence, VI. 661, 1 a. 
 
 Kirby ville, county seat, IX. 689, 1 a. 
 
 KiRonER, Athanasius [keer'- c her], German 
 scholar, X. 15. His theory of the origin of 
 music, VIII. 466, 1 b. Invention of the 
 seolian harp ascribed to him, I. 141, 2 c. 
 Kirchheim [keer°h'-hime], Wurtemberg, X. 15. 
 Kirchheim-unter-Teck: see Kirchheim. 
 Kirohhoff, Gustav Robert [keer c h'-huf], Ger¬ 
 man physicist, X. 15. His discovery of 
 caesium and rubidium, 2 be. Kirchhoff’s 
 spectroscope, XY. 240, 1 b (ill.). See Spec¬ 
 trum Analysis. 
 
 KiRcnHOFF, Johann Wilhelm Adolf, German 
 philologist, X. 15. 
 
 Kirchmessen , origin of the name, VII. 59, 1 c. 
 Kirghises : see Kirghiz. 
 
 Kirghiz [keer-gheez'], nomadic people of Asi¬ 
 atic Russia, X. 16 ; XY. 575, 2 c, 576, 1 a; 
 XYI. 67, 2 a. 
 
 Kirghiz-Kaizaks : see Kirghiz. 
 
 Kirjath Arba: see Hebron. 
 
 Kirk, Edward Norris, American clergyman, 
 
 X. 16. 
 
 Kirk, John Foster, author, X. 16. 
 
 Kirkbride, Thomas S., physician, X. 16. 
 Kirkby-Kendal: see Kendal. 
 
 Kirkcaldy [kur-kawl'-de], seaport of Scot¬ 
 land, X. 17. 
 
 Kirkcudbright [kur-koo'-bre], county of Scot¬ 
 land, X. 17. Seaport, 2 a. 
 
 Kirke, Sir David, English colonial adventurer, 
 X. 17; IY. 251, 2 ab. 
 
 Kirke grim : see Fairies, YII. 64, 2 b. 
 
 Kirkes, William Senhouse, English physician, 
 X. 17. 
 
 Kirkland, Caroline Matilda (Stansbury), Amer¬ 
 ican authoress, X. 17. 
 
 Kirkland, John Thornton, president of Har¬ 
 vard university, X. 18. 
 
 Kirksville , county seat, I. 79, 2 a. 
 
 Kirkwall, town, Orkney islands, XII. 696, 1 b. 
 Kirkwood, Daniel, American mathematician, 
 X. 18. Kirkwood’s law, XIII. 571, 1 a. 
 Kirman: see Kerman. 
 
 Kirschwasser [keersh'-vas-ser], alcoholic li¬ 
 quor, X. 18; IY. 381, 1 c. 
 
 Kirtland , Ohio (Lake co.), settlement of Mor¬ 
 mons at, XI. 834, 1 be; XY. 120, 1 c. 
 Kirwan [kur'-wan], nom de plume, XII. 64, 2 a. 
 Kirwan, Richard, Irish chemist, X. 18. On 
 mineralogy, XI. 589, 1 c. 
 
 Kisfaludy, Karoly [kish'-faw-loo-de], Hun¬ 
 garian dramatist, X. 18. Sandor, poet, 2 c. 
 Kishenev', town of Russia, X. 19. 
 
 Kiss, August, German sculptor, X. 19. 
 Kissingen [kis'-sing-en], watering place of Ba¬ 
 varia, X. 19. Artesian well at, I. 776, 1 a. 
 
 “ Kiss me at the garden gate” flower, XYI. 
 363, 1 a. 
 
 Kistendjeh : see Kustendji. 
 
 Kistnah, river of India, X. 19. 
 
 Kistvaen: see Cromlech, and YII. 198, 1 c. 
 Kit, small violin, XYI. 363, 2 b. 
 
 Kit (swift fox), YII. 359, 1 c. 
 
 Kitamby, Madagascan garment, X. 812, 1 c. 
 Kit Carson, county seat, VIII. 240, 1 c. 
 
 Kit Cat Club, London, X. 19. Kit Cat por¬ 
 traits, 2 b. 
 
 Kitchen middens: see Finds, YII. 196, 2 a. 
 Kitchiner, William, English physician, X. 19. 
 KiVs Coty Rouse , Y. 500, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Kite, bird, X. 19 (ill., 20). 
 
 Kite dance : see Bayadeer, II. 404, 2 b. 
 Kitsap, county, X. 20. 
 
 Kittan'ning, borough of Pennsylvania, X. 20. 
 Kittatinny Mountains, X. 20 ; XYI. 123, 2 c. 
 Kittery, town of Maine, X. 21. 
 
 Kittim (or Chittim), Y. 616, 2 c. 
 
 Kittiwake: see Gull, YIII. 319, 2 c. 
 
 Kitto, John, English Biblical scholar, X. 21. 
 Kittlitz, F. H. von, baron, naturalist, X. 21. 
 Kittul , fibre of palm leaves, XIII. 18, 1 c. 
 Kitty Crocodile, sobriquet, X. 11, 2 a. 
 
 Kitty wren: see Wren, XYI. 735, 1 ab (ill.). 
 Kiuji [ku'-fe]: see Cufic, Y. 561, 2 b. 
 Kiukiang [ku-kyang']: see Kewkiang. 
 Kiungchow: see Kienchow. 
 
 Kiushiu [ku-shu/], island of Japan, X. 21. 
 Kiusiu : see Kiushiu. 
 
 Kiwi-Kiwi [ke'-we-ke'-we]: see Apteryx. 
 Kizil-Irmak [kiz'-il-eer-mak 7 ], river, I. 216,1 c. 
 Kjoekken - moeddings [kyuk'-ken-mhd-dings] : 
 see Finds, YII. 196, 2 a. 
 
438 
 
 KLADDERADATSCH 
 
 KNOX 
 
 Klad'deradatsch , German “Punch,”IX. 736,1 b. 
 Kladno [klad'-no], town of Bohemia, X. 21. 
 Klagenfueth [kla'-ghen-foort], Austria, X. 21. 
 Klamath [klam'-at], county, X. 21. 
 
 Klamath, river of California, X. 22. Town, 
 
 1 ab. 
 
 Klamath lake , Upper and Lower, XII. 679,1 be. 
 Klamaths, Indian tribes, X. 22. 
 
 Klapka, Gyorgy [klop'-kaw], Hungarian sol¬ 
 dier, X. 22. 
 
 Klapeoth, Martin Heinrich [klap'-rote], Ger¬ 
 man chemist, X. 23 ; IV. 365, 1 a. Heinrich 
 Julius von, traveller, X. 23, 1 a. Charges 
 of imposture, 1 c. 
 
 Klausenbueg [klow'-zen-boorg], town of Tran¬ 
 sylvania, X. 23. 
 
 Klausthal : see Clausthal. Adit of, I. 122, 
 
 2 a. 
 
 Klebee, Jean Baptiste [kla-bair], French sol¬ 
 dier, X. 23. 
 
 Klein [kline], amnesty case of, I. 432, 1 c. 
 Kleist, Ewald Christian von [klist], German 
 poet, X. 24. Monument to him,VII. 431,2 a. 
 Kleist, Heinrich von, poet, X. 24. 
 
 Klemm, Friedrich Gustav, historian, X. 24. 
 Kleng'el, Johann Christian, painter, X. 24. 
 Klenke [klen'-keh]: see Kaesch, IX. 770,1 a. 
 Klenze, Leo von [klen'-tseh], architect, X. 24. 
 Klephts , Greek brigands, I. 722, 1 c. 
 
 Kliefoth, Theodor F riedrich Dethlef [kle'-f ote], 
 German theologian, X. 24. 
 
 Klik'itat, county, X. 25. 
 
 Klikitats, Indian tribe, X. 25. 
 
 Klin, town of Russia, X. 25. 
 
 Kling , people of India so called, IX. 215,1 c. 
 Kling'ee, Friedrich Maximilian von, German 
 poet, X. 25. 
 
 Klipspeingee, antelope, X. 25 (ill.); I. 545, 2 a. 
 Klipstein [klip'-stine], cranium of dinotherium 
 found by, VI. 117, 1 b. 
 
 Klissa: see Clissa. 
 
 Klitter, sterile flats in Jutland, VI. 10, 2 c. 
 Klopp, Onno [klup], German historian, X. 25. 
 Klopp castle , near Bingen, II. 645, 1 ab. 
 Klopstock, Friedrich Gottlieb, German poet, 
 X. 26. Goethe’s impressions of, 2 be. 
 Knabl, Joseph [knabl], Tyrolese sculptor, X. 27. 
 Knapp, Albert [knap], German poet, X. 27. 
 Knapp, Georg Christian, theologian, X. 27. 
 Knapp , Isaac [nap], American printer, VII. 
 629, 1 c. 
 
 Knapp, Jacob, American clergyman, X. 27. 
 Knapp, Ludwig Friedrich, chemist, X. 27. 
 Knapp, Samuel Lorenzo, author, X. 27. 
 
 Knatts, Ludwig [knowce], painter, X. 27. 
 Kneading machine , for gutta percha, VIII. 344, 
 1 ab. 
 
 Knebel, Karl Ludwig von [kna'-bel], German 
 author, X. 28. 
 
 Knecht Rupert: see Cheistmas, IV. 551, 1 c. 
 Kneeland, Samuel, American naturalist, X. 28. 
 Kneepan: see Patella. 
 
 Knellee, Sir Godfrey, English portrait paint¬ 
 er, X. 28. 
 
 Kneph [knef]: see Knuphis (Index). 
 
 Kniaznin, Franciszek Dyonizy [knyaz'-nin], 
 Polish poet, X. 28. 
 
 Kniebis Mountains [kne'-bis], Germany, X. 28. 
 Knife handle , shell fish, XIV. 225, 2 b. 
 Knight: see CmvALBY, IV. 496, 1 c. Knight 
 errant, 497, 2 b. Last and best example of, 
 II. 406, 2 b. In ancient Rome: see Equites. 
 Knight, Charles, English author, X. 28. 
 Knight, Richard Payne, author, X. 29. Thomas 
 Andrew, vegetable physiologist, 30, 1 ab. 
 Knight , Silas P, his process of electrotyping, 
 XIII. 851, 1 be. 
 
 Knighthood : see Chivaley. 
 
 Knights of Christ: see Templaes, XV. 635, 2 c. 
 Knights hospitallers , of the order of Saint 
 John of Jerusalem, XIV. 535, 1 b; of St. 
 Lazarus, X. 362, 1 b. 
 
 Knights of the hospital of St. Mary in Jeru¬ 
 salem: see Teutonic Knights. 
 
 Knights sword-hearers , X. 530, 2 a ; XIV. 335, 
 
 1 a. 
 
 Knights of the Temple: see Templaes. 
 Knippeedolling, Bernhard [knip'-per-dul-ling], 
 German Anabaptist, X. 30. 
 
 Knitting machines , XV. 391, 1 b. 
 
 Knives of the stone age , VII. 195, 2 c. 
 Knobelsdoeff, Hans Georg Wenzeslaus von 
 [kno'-belce-dorf], German architect, X. 30. 
 Knoblechee, Ignaz [kno'-bleh- c her], traveller, 
 X. 30. 
 
 Knot, bird, X. 30 (ill.). 
 
 Knot, in wood, X. 574, 1 b. 
 
 Knot grass , XIII. 689, 1 a. 
 
 Knout [nowt], instrument of punishment, X. 31. 
 Knowles, James Davis, American clergyman, 
 X. 31. 
 
 Knowles, James Sheridan, English dramatist, 
 X. 31. 
 
 Knowlton (Thomas), at Bunker Hill, III. 436, 
 
 2 ab ; 437, 1 c. (Killed as lieutenant colo¬ 
 nel at Harlem heights, Sept. 16, 1776.) 
 
 Know-nothing party, in politics, XVI. 172,1 be. 
 Knox, name of nine counties, X. 31. 
 
KNOX 
 
 KOONBEES 
 
 439 
 
 Knox, county seat, XY. 322, 2 b. 
 
 Knox, Henry, American general, X. 33. 
 
 Knox, John, Scottish reformer, X. 33. Re- 
 ferred to, XI. 234, 1 b. See Presbyterian- 
 ism, XIII. 810, 1 c. Confession of faith at¬ 
 tributed to him, 2 be. 
 
 Knox, Vicesimus, English clergyman, X. 35. 
 
 Knox college, VII. 564, 1 a (Galesburg). 
 
 Knoxville, city of Tennessee, X. 35. Siege 
 of, 36, 1 a. 
 
 Knoxville , county seats, Y. 465, 1 c; XI. 169, 
 2 b. 
 
 Knuphis [knoo'-fis], Egyptian divinity, YI. 
 464, 1 a; XII. 116, 2 b. 
 
 Knut [knoot]: see Canute. 
 
 Knyphausen, Baron [knip'-how-zen], German 
 soldier, X. 36. 
 
 Koala [ko-a'-la], marsupial animal, X. 36 (ill.). 
 
 Ko'bell, Eranz von, German mineralogist, X. 
 36. 
 
 Kobolds: see Fairies, YII. 64, 1 a, 2 be. 
 
 Kocn, Karl Heinrich Emanuel [ko k h], German 
 traveller, X. 37. 
 
 Kochanowski, Jan [ko- k ha-nov'-ske], Polish 
 poet, X. 37. 
 
 Kook, Charles Paul de, French novelist and 
 dramatist, X. 37. Henri de, 1 c. 
 
 Koekkoek, Bernard Cornelis [kook'-kook], 
 Dutch painter, X. 37. Marianus, Adrian, 
 and Herman, 2 a. 
 
 Koenig, Heinrich Joseph [kd'-ni c h], German 
 novelist, X. 37. 
 
 Koffee Galcalli , king of Ashantee, YII. 82, 1 b. 
 
 Koh-i-noor : see Diamond, YI. 75, 2 a. 
 
 Kohl, Johann Georg [kole], author, X. 37. 
 
 Kohlrausch, Heinrich Friedrich Theodor 
 [kole'-rowsh], author, X. 38. 
 
 Kokand : see Khokan. 
 
 Koko'mo, town of Indiana, X. 38. (Howard 
 college suspended.) 
 
 Koktash , stone supporting Tamerlane’s throne, 
 XIY. 589, 1 a. 
 
 Kola, town of Russia, X. 38. 
 
 Kolapoor', state of India, X. 38. Capital, 1 c. 
 (Fuller information under Colapoor.) 
 
 Kolarians , a race of India, IX. 214, 2 c. 
 
 Kolb, Georg Friedrich [kolp], German jour- 
 nalist-and author, X. 38. 
 
 Kolbe, Adolf Wilhelm Hermann [kole'-bSh], 
 chemist, X. 38. 
 
 Kolbe, Karl Wilhelm, painter, X. 38. 
 
 Kolberg: see Colberg. 
 
 Kolcsey, Ferencz [kol'-clieh-e], Hungarian au¬ 
 thor, X. 38. 
 
 Koldewey, Karl [kole-d&h-vl'], German ex¬ 
 plorer, X. 39. 
 
 Holding [kole'-ding], town of Denmark, X. 39. 
 
 Koldinghuus [-liooce], castle, X. 39, 1 a. 
 
 Kolees', a race in India, IX. 215, 1 b. 
 
 Koliades , Constant [kiih-lya-dace], nom de 
 plume, X. 283, 2 b. 
 
 Kolin, town of Bohemia, X. 39. 
 
 Kollar, Jan, Slavic scholar and poet, X. 39. 
 
 Kol'liker, Rudolf Albert, German physiolo¬ 
 gist and microscopist, X. 39. Observations 
 on the eye, alluded to, YII. 47, 1 c. Classi¬ 
 fication of mollusea, XI. 51, 1 b. Descrip¬ 
 tion of the actinophrys, I. 515, 2 b. 
 
 Kollin : see Kolin. 
 
 Kolokol, Russian journal, VIII. 702, 2 b. 
 
 Kolomna, town of Russia, X. 39. 
 
 Koloshes, Indian tribes, X. 39. 
 
 Kol'poda , animalcules, I. 515, 1 c. 
 
 Kols, a people of India, IX. 214, 2 be. 
 
 K olv[x(irjdpa, baptistery, II. 292, 1 a. 
 
 Komandorski islands , I. 274, 2 c. 
 
 Komensky : see Comenius. 
 
 Komisar'off, Russian peasant, I. 284, 2 c. 
 
 Komorn : see Comorn. 
 
 Kong, mountain range of Africa, X. 40. 
 
 Kongsbeeg, town of Norway, X. 40. 
 
 Koniah : see Konieh. 
 
 Konieh [ko'-ne-eh], Asia Minor, X. 40 (view). 
 
 Konig, Friedrich ,printing pressof, XIII.853,1 a. 
 
 Koniggratz [ko'-nig-graits], town of Bohemia, 
 X. 41. Battle of, 1 b: see Sadowa. 
 
 Koniginhof [ko'-ne-ghin-hofe], town of Bohe¬ 
 mia, X. 41. Manuscript of Koniginhof, 
 1 be; VIII. 441, 1 b. 
 
 Konigs lake , Bavaria, II. 550, 1 c. 
 
 Konigsberg [ko'-niks-bairg], city of Prussia, 
 X. 41. Cathedral, 2 b (ill.). University, 2 c. 
 
 Konigshutte [ko'-niks-hiit-teh], town of Prus¬ 
 sia, X. 42. 
 
 Konigsmark, Philip Christopher, count of, 
 Swedish adventurer, X. 42. Maria Aurora, 
 1 c; II. 116, 1 c. Referred to, IY. 304, 2 b. 
 
 Konigstein, Saxony, X. 42. Fortress of, 2 a. 
 
 Koodaga , a race of India, IX. 215, 2 c. 
 
 Koodoo' : see Antelope, I. 546, 2 a. 
 
 Koolsatikara, Shoshone Indians, XY. 6, 2 a. 
 
 Koom : see Kum. 
 
 Koomassie, capital of Ashantee, X. 42. King s 
 palace, 2 c (ill., 43). See Gold Coast, YIII. 
 88, 2 b. 
 
 Koomiah , crocodile, YII. 611, 1 a. 
 
 Koonbees , a people of India, IX. 213, 2 b ; 214, 
 
 1 be. 
 
440 
 
 KOOR 
 
 KRASSO 
 
 \ 
 
 Kooe : see Kuk. 
 
 Koorbees: see Koonbees (Index). 
 
 Kooedistan : see Kuedistan. 
 
 Koorg : see Cooeg. 
 
 Kooeile Islands : see Kueile Islands. 
 
 Koos , a race of India, IX. 220, 1 a. 
 
 Koosso, vegetable drug, X. 43. 
 
 Kootenays, Indian tribe, X. 43. 
 
 Kooweskoowe: see Ross, John. 
 
 Ivo'piscn, August, German poet and painter, 
 X. 43. 
 
 Kopitae, Bartholomaus, Slavic philologist, X. 
 43. 
 
 Kopp, H. [kup], (Hermann, born 1817, colla¬ 
 borator of Liebig and Wohler), his investi¬ 
 gations in chemistry, IV. 369, 1 b. 
 
 Kopp, Joseph Eutych, Swiss historian, X. 43. 
 Koppa, in Greek alphabet, I. 349, 1 b. 
 Koppaebeeg, district of Sweden, X. 44. 
 Koppen, Friedrich, German philosopher, X. 44. 
 Koppen, Peter von, Russian archaeologist, X. 44. 
 Kopp's brown, color, XII. 134, 2 be. 
 
 Ko'ean, sacred book of the Mohammedans, 
 X. 44. See Mohammedanism, and Tuekey, 
 XVI. 57, 2 a. 
 
 Koraquas , African race, IX. 9, 1 c. 
 
 Koeat', territory of Asia, X. 46. 
 
 Koedofan', country of E. Africa, X. 46. 
 Koresh (Cyrus the Elder), V. 620, 2 b. 
 
 Koriaks , Siberian tribe, XV. 598, 2 a. 
 Koridgwen [ko-rid'-gwen], goddess oftheWeAh 
 bards, IV. 178, 1 b. 
 
 Koenegal'le, town of Ceylon, X. 46. 
 
 Koenee, Karl Theodor, German poet, X. 46. 
 Koeos [ko'-rosh], town of Hungary, X. 47. 
 Korrigan , elfish beings, IV. 178, 1 b, 2 a. 
 Koetetz, island in the Dnieper, X. 47. 
 Koetum, Johann Friedrich Christoph, German 
 historian, X. 47. 
 
 Koetum, Karl Arnold, poet, X. 47. 
 
 Koevei [kor-vi'], village of Prussia, X. 47. 
 
 Abbey of, 2 b. Principality of, 2 c. 
 Koscius'ko,- county, X. 48. 
 
 Kosciusko , county seat, II. 92, 2 a. 
 
 Kosciusko, Mount: see Austealia, II. 129, 
 1 c, and X. 49, 1 a. 
 
 Kosciuszko, Tadeusz (Thaddeus), [Pol. kosh- 
 choosh'-ko], Polish patriot, X. 48. 
 Kosegaeten, Johann Gottfried Ludwig [ko'- 
 zSh-gar-ten], German orientalist, X. 49. 
 Kosel [ko'-zel], town of Prussia, X. 49. 
 Kos'lin, town of Prussia, X. 49. 
 
 Koslov : see Kozlov. 
 
 Koso'vo , battles of, I. 446, 1 a, 2 c. 
 
 Kosso: see Koosso. 
 
 Kos'suth, county, X. 49. 
 
 Kossuth, Lajos [kosh'-oot], Hungarian patriot, 
 X. 49. His confinement at Kutaieh, 66,1 a. 
 Batthyanyi’s opinion of him, II. 393, 1 c. 
 Koster: see Costee. 
 
 Kos'teoma, government of Russia, X. 51. Cap¬ 
 ital city, 52,1 a. Interior of the church of 
 the Holy Trinity (ill.), 51. 
 
 Koszta , Martin , case of, IX. 280, 2 c; I. 327, 
 1 c. 
 
 Kotah, state of India, X. 52. Capital city, 1 b. 
 Kotar , a people of India, IX. 215, 2 a, 2 c; 
 220, 1 a. 
 
 Ko Tha-byoo [ko t’ha-byoo'], Karen preacher, 
 II. 765,1 b. 
 
 Kothen [ko'-ten], town of Germany, X. 52. 
 Koto , Japanese stringed instrument, IX. 53, 
 1 c. 
 
 Kotschy, Theodor [kut'-che], German bota¬ 
 nist, X. 52. 
 
 Kottbus [kut'-boos], town of Prussia, X. 52. 
 Kotzebue, August Friedrich Ferdinand von 
 [kut'-seh-boo], German dramatist, X. 52. 
 Otto von, Russian traveller, 53,1 c. Moritz 
 von, soldier, 2 ab. Paul, soldier, 2 be. Alex¬ 
 ander von, painter, 2 c. 
 
 Kouli Khan : see Nadib Shah. 
 
 Ko'vae, district of Hungary, X. 53. 
 
 Kov'no, government of Russia, X. 54. Cap¬ 
 ital city, 1 b. 
 
 Koyunjik [ko-yoon-jeek'J, mound: seeXiNEVEH, 
 
 XII. 456, 2 b; 457, 1 a, c, 2 b. Palace of, 
 II. 36,1 b, c; inscribed tablets, ib. Entrance 
 to (ill.), XII. 458. 
 
 Kozlov', town of Russia, X. 54. Another: 
 see Eupatoeia. 
 
 Krait [krite], snake of India, IX. 204, 1 c. 
 Keajova [kra-yo'-va]: see Keayova. 
 
 Keaken : see Octopus, XII. 577, 2 b. 
 
 Krakus [kra'-koos], Slavic chief, V. 453, 2 a; 
 
 XIII. 644, 1 b. 
 
 Krai , royal title in Servia, XIV. 781, 2 be. 
 Keanach, Lucas: see Cbanach. 
 
 Krapf (Johann Ludwig, born 1810), Protes¬ 
 tant missionary in Abyssinia, I. 48, 2 ab. 
 (Author of works on African geography, 
 languages, &c., in German and English.) 
 Keasicki, Ignacy [kra-shits'-ke], Polish prel¬ 
 ate, X. 54. 
 
 Keasinski, Waleryan, count [kr£-shin'-ske], 
 Polish author, X. 54. Zygmunt Napoleon, 
 author, 2 c. 
 
 Keass6 [krosh'-o], county of Hungary, X. 55. 
 
KRASZEWSKI 
 
 KUPFERNICKEL 
 
 441 
 
 Kraszewski, Jozef Ignacy [kr5-skev'-ske], Po¬ 
 lish author, X. 55. 
 
 Kbaszna [kros'-naw], county of Hungary, X. 
 55. Town, 2 ab. 
 
 Kratzenstein [krats'-en-stine], his theory of 
 fog vesicles, VII. 300, 1 c. 
 
 Krause, Karl Christian Friedrich [krow'-zSh], 
 German philosopher, X. 55. 
 
 Krautii, Charles Porterfield [krawth; Ger. 
 krowt], American Biblical scholar, X. 55. 
 
 Krayova [kra-yo'-va], Roumania, X. 56. 
 
 Krementohug [krem'-en-choog], town of Rus¬ 
 sia, X. 56. 
 
 Kremlin : see Moscow. 
 
 Kremnitz, town of Hungary, X. 56. 
 
 Krems [kremce], town of Austria, X. 56. 
 
 Kremsier [krem-zeer'J, town of Moravia, X. 56. 
 
 Kreuznach : see Creuznach. 
 
 Krevins, a Finnish race, Y. 428, 2 a. 
 
 Kriloff : see Kryloff. 
 
 Krishna, Hindoo deity, IX. 228,1 c; II. 159, 
 1 c. Krishna-shepherd worship, IX. 229, 
 1 b. Temple of, at Dwaraca, YI. 335, 1 c; 
 at Juggernaut, IX. 706, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Krishna, river : see Kistnah. 
 
 Kronstadt, Russia: see Cronstadt. 
 
 t ' 
 
 Kronstadt [krone'-stat], Transylvania, X. 56. 
 
 Kroo, negro race, X. 57; 398, 2 c. Krooman, ib . 
 
 Kro'tosohin, town of Prussia, X. 57. 
 
 Krozet [kro-za], (properly Crozet), islands, 
 Indian ocean, X. 57. 
 
 Kru [kroo]: see Kroo. 
 
 Krudener, Juliane de Yietinghoff, baroness 
 [kru'-d8h-ner], Russian novelist and mystic, 
 X. 57. Referred to, I. 283, 1 a. 
 
 Krug, Wilhelm Traugott [kroog], German phi¬ 
 losopher, X. 58. His definition of philoso¬ 
 phy, XIII. 430, 1 a. 
 
 Krummacher, Friedrich Adolf [kroom'-ma- 
 k her], theologian, X. 58. Gottfried Daniel, 
 preacher, 2 ab. Friedrich Wilhelm, preach¬ 
 er and author, 2 b. 
 
 Krupp, Alfred [kroop], manufacturer, X. 58. 
 Krupp gun, I. 794, 1 c (ill.). v 
 
 Krusenstern, Adam Johann von [kroo'-zen- 
 stairn], Russian navigator, X. 59. 
 
 Kryloff, Ivan [kre-lof], Russian author, X. 59. 
 
 Kshatriyas [kshat'-re-yas], Hindoo caste, IX. 
 206, 2 c; 225, 2 c; 230, 2 b. 
 
 Ktaadn [ktadn] : see Kataiidin. 
 
 Kuanon, Japanese divinity, IX. 539, 1 a. 
 
 Kuban [koo-ban'J, Caucasian territory, X. 59. 
 
 Kubbet-el-Islam [koob'-bet-el-iz'-lam], (Basso- 
 rah), II. 372, 1 b. 
 
 Kubir [koo-beer'j, desert, Persia, IX. 823, 1 a. 
 
 Kublai Khan [koo'-bli kan], conqueror of 
 China, X. 59. Patron of Lamaism, 115, 2 a. 
 Referred to, XIII. 683, 2 be; 684, 1 a. 
 
 Kuchenmeister [kii'- c hen-mice-ter], his experi¬ 
 ments on the cause of tapeworm in man, 
 YI. 665, 2 b. 
 
 Kuenlun [kwen-loon'], mountain range, X. 60. 
 
 Kuge [koo'-ga], class of Japanese nobility, IX. 
 545, 1 ab, 547, la; XY. 793, 1 c. 
 
 Kugler, Franz Theodor [koo'-gler], German 
 author, X. 60. 
 
 Kugler , Protestant missionary in Abyssinia, 
 I. 48, 2 a. 
 
 Kuhlmann, Prof. F. [kool'-man], on the action 
 of alkaline silicates upon limestones and 
 chalk, IY. 182, 1 ab. 
 
 Kuhn, Adalbert [koon], philologist, X. 60. 
 
 Kuhne, Gustav [ku'-nSh], novelist, X. 60. 
 
 Kuhner, Raphael, philologist, X. 61. 
 
 Ku-Klux bill , YIII. 160, 1 c. 
 
 Ku-Klux Klan, secret organization, XII.497,2 a. 
 
 Kukol'nik, Nestor, Russian author, X. 61. 
 
 Kuli Khan [koo'-le kan]: see Nadir Shah. 
 
 Kulja [kool'-ja], province of Russian Turkis- 
 tan, X. 61. Town, 1 b. 
 
 Kulkun [kool-koon']: see Kuenlun. 
 
 Kullmann , attempt to assassinate Bismarck, 
 X. 19, 1 c. 
 
 Kulm [koolm], Bohemia, battle of, X. 61. 
 
 Kulm, town of Prussia: see Culm. 
 
 Kulu [koo-loo'], species of parrot, VII. 110, 2 b. 
 
 Kum [koom], town of Persia, X. 61. 
 
 Kumania : see Cumania. 
 
 Kumaon [kum-a-on'], district of India, X. 61. 
 
 Kumhaconum: see Combaconum. 
 
 Kumbh Mela festival , allusion to, II. 604, 2 b. 
 
 Kumiss [koo'-mis], liquor, X. 62 ; YI. 141, 2 b. 
 
 Kumneh , Egyptian fortress, YI. 749, 1 c. 
 
 Kunchanee , Hindoo dancing girl, II. 405, 1 a. 
 
 Kunersdorf [koo'-nerce-dorf], village of Prus¬ 
 sia, and battle of, X. 62. 
 
 Kung, Prince, Chinese statesman, X. 62. 
 
 Kung-fu-tse (Confucius), Y. 238, 1 c. 
 
 Kunigunde, empress [koo-ne-goon'-deh]: see 
 Cunegunda (Index). 
 
 Kunigunde, princess, YIII. 296, 2 a. 
 
 Kunkur', calcareous nodule, XIY. 352, 1 c. 
 See XII. 738, 2 a (kankar). 
 
 Kunth, Karl Sigismund [koont], botanist, X. 62. 
 
 Kuopio [koo-o'-pe-o], government of Finland, 
 X. 62. Town, 2 be. 
 
 Kupfernickel [koop'-fer-nik-el], false copper, 
 XII. 431, 2 c; 432, 1 b, 2 b. 
 
442 
 
 KUPRILI 
 
 LABORING 
 
 Kuprili, Mohammed , XI. 696, 1 c. Ahmed, 2 a. 
 Kur [koor], river of Russian Georgia, X. 62. 
 Kurd-Cabool pass, Afghanistan, I. 161, 2 c. 
 Kurdistan [koor-de-stan 7 ], region of Asia, X. 
 6 ?. 
 
 Kurds: see Kurdistan, and IX. 347, 1 b; 
 XIII. 318, 1 b. 
 
 Kurile Islands [koo'-ril], X. 64. 
 
 Kuriles , tribe, I. 215, 2 c. Hairy Kuriles, 216, 
 1 a. See Kurile Islands. 
 
 Kur'pa : see Cuddapah. 
 
 Kurrachee 7 , town of India, X. 64. 
 
 Kursk [koorsk], government of Russia, X. 64. 
 Capital city, 2 c. 
 
 Kurshid Pasha [koor-sheed 7 pa-ska/], captor 
 of Ali Pasha, I. 311, 1 b, c. 
 
 Kurz, Heinrich [koorts], German author, X. 
 64. 
 
 Kuskoquim Riyer [koos-ko-kim']: see Alas¬ 
 ka, I. 240, 2 be. 
 
 Kus-Jcus [koos'-koos], grass, XVI. 336, 2 c. 
 Kussnacht [kus 7 -na k ht], Swiss village, X. 65. 
 Another, 1 b. 
 
 Kustendji [kooe-ten'-je], Turkey, X. 65. 
 Kus'trin, town of Prussia, X. 65. 
 
 Kutaieh [koo-ti'-eh], Turkey, X. 65 (view). 
 
 Kutais [koo-tice'], government of Asiatic Rus¬ 
 sia, X. 66. Town, 1 ab. 
 
 Kutaya [koo-ta'-ya]: see Kutaieh. 
 
 Kutch , of gold leaf, VIII. 86, 2 b. 
 
 Kuthim: see Samaritans. 
 
 Kuttenberg [koot'-ten-bairg], town of Bo¬ 
 hemia, X. 66. 
 
 Kutuzopf, Mikhail [koo-too'-zof], prince of 
 Smolensk, Russian general, X. 66. Alluded 
 to, I. 282, 1 b, 2 ab. 
 
 Kutz'ing, Friedrich Traugott, German natural¬ 
 ist, X. 66. 
 
 Kutzner, Johann Gottlieb [koots'-ner], author, 
 X. 66. 
 
 Kutzo -Wallachs, nomads, I. 55, 1 b. 
 
 Kuvera , Brahman divinity, IX. 230, 2 ab. 
 
 Kuyp, Albert: see Cuyp. 
 
 Kwajah [kwa-ja 7 ], Mussulman saint, I. 225, 2 b. 
 
 Kwangsi [kwang-se 7 ], province of China, X. 67. 
 
 Kwangtung 7 , province, X. 67. 
 
 Kweichow [kwl-chow 7 ], province, X. 67. 
 
 Ivwickpak River : see Alaska, I. 240, 2 b. 
 
 Kyanizing , process of preserving wood, VI. 
 278, 1 be; XIII. 824, 2 c. 
 
 Kyloes, cattle, VIII. 600, 2 ab. 
 
 Kyrilitza , form of writing, VII. 834, 1 b. 
 
 L 
 
 L, a letter, X. 67. Sounds, 1 b. Interchanges 
 with other letters, 2 b. As a numeral 
 sign, 2 c; in abbreviations, ib. ; in rubrica¬ 
 tion, ib. ; on old French coins, ib. 
 
 Laaland [law 7 -lan], Danish island, X. 67. 
 
 Laar , Pieter van [lar]: see Bamboccio. 
 
 Labadie, Jean de [la-ba-de], French mystic, 
 X. 68. 
 
 Labadists , religious sect: see Labadie. 
 
 Laban'off de Ros'tov, Alexander, prince, 
 Russian author, X. 68. 
 
 Lab'arum, Constantine’s military standard, X. 
 68, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Labat, Jean Baptiste [la-M], French mission¬ 
 ary and historian, X. 68. 
 
 Lab'danum : see Ladanum. 
 
 Labeatis [lab-e-a'-tis], lake, XIV. 725, 1 b. 
 
 La Bedolliere, Lmile Gigault de [la ba-dul- 
 yair], French author, X. 68. 
 
 LABEDOYkRE, Charles Angelique Francois 
 Huchet de, count [la-buh-dwa-yair], French 
 soldier, X. 68. 
 
 Label , in heraldry, VIII. 673, 2 c. (See plate.) 
 
 La belle riviere [la bel re-vyair]: see Ohio 
 River, XII. 603, 1 b. 
 
 Labellum, of orchids, XII. 671, 2 c. 
 
 Labette [la-bet 7 ], county, X. 69. 
 
 Labienus, Titus [lab-e-e'-nus], Roman general,* 
 X. 69. (Quintus, his son), XIII. 135, 2 c, ff. 
 
 La BiLLARDikRE, Jacques Julien Houton de 
 [la be-yar-dyair], French naturalist, X. 69. 
 
 Lablaciie, Luigi [la-blash], Italian singer, X. 69. 
 
 La BLANcnkRE, Pierre Rene Marie Henri Moul- 
 lin de [bla ng -shair], French naturalist, X. 69. 
 
 Labor , in childbirth: see Obstetrics, XII. 568, 
 .2 a; 569, 2 b. Premature, 569, 1 c. Deli¬ 
 rium of, XIV. 70, 1 a. 
 
 Laborde, Henri, viscount de [la-bord], French 
 painter, X. 70. 
 
 Laborde, Jean Benjamin de, composer, X. 70. 
 
 Laborde, Jean Joseph, marquis de, financier, 
 X. 70. Alexandre Louis Joseph, count de, 
 archaeologist and politician, 1 c. L6on Em¬ 
 manuel Simon Joseph, count de, archaeolo¬ 
 gist, 2 b. 
 
 Laboring creek , British Honduras, VIII. 792,1 c. 
 
LABOUCHERE 
 
 LACONIC 
 
 443 
 
 Labouciiere, Henry [la-boo-sliair'], English 
 statesman, X. 70. Ilenry du Pr6, 71, 1 b. 
 LABoncnbRE, Pierre Antoine [la-boo-shair], 
 French painter, X. 71. 
 
 La BouiiRE, Antoine Xavier Gabriel de Gazeau, 
 count de [la boo-air'], painter, X. 71. 
 Laboulaye, Edouard Ren6 Lefebvre [M-boo- 
 la], author, X. 71. Charles Pierre Lefebvre, 
 industrialist, 2 b. 
 
 Labourdonnais, or Labourdonnaie, Bertrand 
 Francois Mah6 de [ma-a dhh la-boor-dun- 
 na], naval officer, X. 71. 
 
 Labrador [lab-ra-dore'], North American pen¬ 
 insula, X. 72. Origin of the name, 78, 2 b. 
 Labrador Tea, shrub, X. 73. 
 
 Labradorian group of rocks , VII. 695, 2 c. 
 Lab'radorite : see Feldspar. 
 
 La'brax (ichthyology), II. 867, 2 c. L. lupus, 
 ib. (ill.). L. lineatus, 368,1 ab (ill.). Other 
 species, 1 c. 
 
 Labrottste, Pierre Francois Henri [la-broost], 
 French architect, X. 74. (Died 1875.) 
 La'brum , in ancient baths, II. 383, 1 c. 
 
 Labrus (ichthyology), XVI. 734, 1 a. L. macu- 
 latus, 1 c (ill.). L. variegatus, ib. 
 
 La BruyJire, Jean de [la brti-e-yair], French 
 moralist, X. 74. 
 
 Labtjan', island, Malay archipelago, X. 74; 
 
 III. 102, 2 a; 103, 1 a; 105, 1 be; 317, 1 b. 
 Laburnum, tree, IX. 74 (ill.). Adam’s, 75, 
 1 ab. Alpine or Scotch, 1 b. 
 
 Labyrinth, X. 75. 
 
 Labyrinth of the ear , VI. 351, 2 a. 
 Labyrin'thodon, fossil animal, X. 75 (ill.) ; 
 
 VII. 507, 2 a. Footprints of, 342, 1 a. 
 
 Lao, resinous exudation, X. 75. Stick lac, 
 
 76, 1 ab, 2 a. Shell lac, 1 b, c. Lac dye, 
 1 c. Lac lake, ib. 
 
 La Caille, Nicolas de [la kay'], French astrono¬ 
 mer, X. 76. Polar flattening of the earth 
 proved by him, 2 b. 
 
 Lacandones [la-kan-do'-nace], Indians, X. 76. 
 Laccadive Isles, Indian ocean, X. 77. 
 
 Lace, X. 77. History, 2 a. Method of making, 
 78, 1 ab. Belgian laces, 1 c; French, 2 c; 
 English, 79, 1 be. Machine-made lace, 2 a. 
 Lace-bark Tree, X. 80. 
 
 Lacedaemon [las-e-de'-mon]: see Laconia, and 
 Sparta. 
 
 Lacep£;de, Bernard Germain Etienne de La 
 Ville, count de [hi-sa-paid], French natural¬ 
 ist, X. 80. His classification of birds, XII. 
 705, 1 b ; of fishes, IX. 160,1 a; of reptiles, 
 
 VIII. 692, 2 be. 
 
 La Cerda [la thair'-J/ja], ancient Spanish fami¬ 
 ly, X. 81. Princes of, 1 b; VII. 135, 2 c 
 (infantes). Carlos de (Charles of Spain), 
 constable of France, X. 81, 1 c. 
 
 Lacerta (zoology), X. 551, 2 be. L. viridis, 
 552, 1 ab (ill.), and other species. 
 
 Lace tree , V. 683, 1 a. See Lace-bark Tree. 
 La Chaise d’Aix, Francois de [la shaiz daix], 
 confessor of Louis XIV., X. 81. 
 
 Lach'es, in law, X. 81. 
 
 Lachesis [lak'-e-sis], one of the Fates, XIII. 73, 
 2 a. 
 
 Lachine, Canada [la-sheen], (on Montreal isl¬ 
 and), massacre of, referred to, VII. 577, 
 
 1 b. 
 
 Lachine canal , III. 687, 2 a, 688, 1 a (table); 
 XI. 796, 1 a. 
 
 Lachmann, Karl [la k h'-man], German philolo¬ 
 gist, X. 82. 
 
 Lachner, Franz, musician and composer, X. 
 
 82. Ignaz, 1 b. Vincenz, ib. 
 
 Lachnosterna querci'na [lak-no-ster'-na], (ento¬ 
 mology), VII. 528,2 b. 
 
 Lachrymal Christi [lak'-re-me kris'-te]: see 
 Italy, Wines of, and XVI. 330, 2 c. 
 Lachryma Jobi (botany), IX. 645, 1 a. 
 Lachrymal glands , XV. 604, 1 a. Lachrymal 
 puncta, 1 b, 2 a. Lachrymal sac, 1 b. Lach¬ 
 rymal caruncle, 1 be. 
 
 Lachrymatories: see Mourning, XII. 13, 1 a. 
 Lachute [la-shute'], county seat, I. 685, 1 c. 
 Lacinium Promontorium: see Cape Nau. 
 Lackawanna, river and coal basin of Pennsyl¬ 
 vania, X. 82. Coal field, 2 a. 
 
 Lackey , moth, XI. 869, 1 ab. 
 
 Lackland , surname of King John of England, 
 
 IX. 648, 1 c. 
 
 La Clede [la klaid or kleed], county, X. 82. 
 La Clede , Pierre Ligueste: see Saint Louis, 
 XIV. 546, 2 a; Chouteau, IV. 522, 1 ab. 
 Laclos, Pierre Ambroise Frangois Choderlos de 
 [la-klo], French writer and soldier, X. 83. 
 Lacombe, Francis [la-ko ns b], author, X. 83. 
 
 Duel with Charles Blanc, 1 c. 
 
 Lacombe , priest: see Guyon, VIII. 346, 1 be, 
 
 2 a, c. 
 
 La'con , county seat, XI. 199, 1 a. 
 
 La Condamine : see Condamine. 
 
 Laco'nia, territory of Greece, X. 83. No- 
 marchy, 2 b. 
 
 Laconia , Gorges’s grant, XVI. 151, 1 ab. 
 Laconians: see Sparta, XV. 231, 2 b. 
 Lacon'ica: see Laconia. 
 
 Laconic speech , XV. 232, 1 ab. 
 
444 
 
 LACONICUM 
 
 LAFAYETTE 
 
 Laconicum, in a Roman bath, II. 383, 2 b (ill.), 
 387, 1 b. 
 
 Lacordaire, Jean Baptiste Henri [la-kor-dair], 
 French divine, X. 83. Jean Theodore, nat¬ 
 uralist, 85, 1 b. 
 
 Lacquer [lak'-er], a varnish, X. 84. Japanese 
 lacquer, XV. 463, 2 b. 
 
 Lao qui Parle [lak ke pari], county, X. 85. 
 
 Lacretelle, Pierre Louis [la-kruh-t&l], French 
 jurist, X. 85. Jean Charles Dominique de, 
 historian, 2 b. Henri de, author, 86, 1 ab. 
 
 Lacroix, Paul [la-krwa], novelist, X. 86. Apol- 
 line Biffe, novelist, 1 c. Jules, poet, 2 a. 
 
 Lacroix, Paul Joseph Eugene, architect, X. 86. 
 
 Lacroix, Sylvestre Francois, mathematician, 
 X. 86. 
 
 La Crosse, county, X. 86. 
 
 La Crosse, city of Wisconsin, X. 87. 
 
 Lac sulphuris , in materia medica, XV. 458,1 b. 
 
 Lactantius, Firmianus (Firmianus L. or L. 
 Firmianus), a father of the Latin church, 
 X. 87; 199, 2 ab. 
 
 Lac'tates , in chemistry, X. 88, 1 be. Lactate 
 of iron, 1 be. Lactate of lime, how formed, 
 VII. 143, 2 c. 
 
 Lactation, insanity of, XIV. 69, 2 c. 
 
 Lacteals: see Chyle, IV. 570, 1 c. 
 
 Lacteal vessels, first observed, I. 805,1 c; XIII. 
 222, 2 c. 
 
 Lactic Acid, X. 87. Its influence on the coagu¬ 
 lation of milk, IV. 348, 2 c. 
 
 Lactic anhydride, X. 88, 1 ab. 
 
 Lactic fermentation, VII. 143, 2b; X. 87, 2 c. 
 
 Lactide [lak'-tid], X. 88, 1 a. 
 
 Lactine [lftk'-tin]: see Milk, Sugar of. 
 
 Lactometer : see Galactometer ; also IX. 
 125, 1 be, and XI. 543, 1 a. 
 
 Lactophrys (ichthyology), XVI. 16, 2 b. L. 
 Yalei, ib. 
 
 Lactoscope : see Milk, XI. 543, 1 a. 
 
 Lactose, sugar of milk, IV. 348,2 c; XV. 441,2 c. 
 
 Lactu'ca sati'va (botany), X. 374, 2 a. L. sca- 
 riola, ib. 
 
 Lactucarium, lettuce opium, X. 375, 1 b. 
 
 Lacu'nce, bone corpuscles, III. 59, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Lacus Brigantinus, V. 268, 1 a. 
 
 Lacustrians : see Lake Dwellings. 
 
 La Cygne [la seen], county seat, X. 508, 2 b. 
 
 Ladak, town: see Leh, X. 321, 2 ab. 
 
 Ladakh [la-dak'], state of central Asia, X. 88. 
 
 Lad'anum, resinous exudation, X. 88. 
 
 Ladd, William, American philanthropist, X. 88. 
 
 Ladies ’ eardrop, plant, VII. 513, 2 a. 
 
 u Ladies ’ peace ” (la paix des dames), negotiated 
 
 between Francis I. and Charles V., III. 641, 
 1 c; VII. 382, lb; XI. 157, 2 a. 
 
 Ladies of the Sacred Heart: see Sacred Heart. 
 
 Ladies ’ slipper, mollusk, X. 486, 2 be. 
 
 Ladino [la-de'-no], half-breed, X. 89; XII. 
 424, 1 b. 
 
 Lading, bill of: see Bill of Lading. 
 
 Lad'islas, Saint: see Hungary, IX. 56, 1 a. 
 
 Ladislas II., king of Poland, X. 89. -Ladislas 
 III., king of Poland and Hungary, 1 c: see 
 Amurath, I. 446, 2 b. 
 
 Ladmirault, Louis Ren6 Paul de [la-me-ro], 
 French soldier, X. 89. 
 
 Ladoga [la'-do-ga], lake of Russia, X. 89. 
 
 Ladrone' Islands [Sp. la-^Aro'-na], X. 89. 
 Origin of the name, 90, 1 a; 841, 1 c. 
 
 Lady, X. 90. “ Our Lady,” 1 c. Lady day, ib. 
 
 “Lady,” the, in a lobster, X. 561, 1 c; 562,1 b. 
 
 Lady-Bird, beetle, X. 90 (ill.) ; II. 478, 1 a. 
 
 Lady-bug: see Lady-Bird. 
 
 Lady day, X. 90, 1 c. 
 
 Lady Huntingdon Connection: see Methodism, 
 XI. 453, 2 b. 
 
 Lady’s Slipper, plant, X. 90 (ills., 91). See 
 Balsam, II. 248, 1 b. 
 
 Lady's thumb, plant, XIII. 688, 2 c. 
 
 Laeken [la'-ken], suburb of Brussels, X. 91. 
 
 Lce'laps, fossil animal, referred to, VII. 342,1 c. 
 
 L^elius, Caius, Roman general, X. 91. Caius 
 Sapiens, statesman, 2 c. 
 
 Laemlein, Alexandre [la ng -la ng ], French painter, 
 X. 92. 
 
 Laennec, Ren6 Theodore Hyacinthe [la-nek], 
 physician, X. 92. 
 
 Laensbergh, Matthieu: see Almanac, I. 342,1 c. 
 
 Laer, Pieter van [lar]: see Bamboccio. 
 
 Lcesce majestatis (crimen), treason, XV. 850,1 a. 
 
 Lcevolusan: see Sugar, XV. 441, 2 a. 
 
 Lcevotartaric acid , XV. 574, 2 c, 575, 2 a. 
 
 Lcevulose: see Sugar, XV. 440, 2 c. Anhy¬ 
 dride of, 441, 2 a. 
 
 Lafaist [la-fa] : see Lafaye. 
 
 Lafarge, Marie Cappelle [la-farzh], supposed 
 poisoner, X. 92. 
 
 La Farina, Giuseppe [la fa-re'-na], Italian au¬ 
 thor, X. 92. 
 
 Lafaye, Prosper [la-fa], French painter, X. 92. 
 
 Lafayette [la-fa-yet'], six counties, X. 93. 
 
 Lafayette, city of Indiana, X. 93. Purdue 
 university, 94, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Lafayette, county seats, IV. 238, 2 a; IX. 587, 
 1 a; X. 803, 2 a; XVI. 428, 2 b; 769, 2 c. 
 
 Lafayette, Marie Jean Paul Roch Yves Gil¬ 
 bert Motier, marquis de, X. 94. His arrival 
 
LAFAYETTE 
 
 LAKE 
 
 445 
 
 in America, 95, 1 b. Major general in the 
 U. S. army, 1 c. At the battle of Brandy¬ 
 wine, 2 ab; of Monmouth, 96, 1 b. Visit to 
 France, 2 a. Aid procured by him, 2 be. 
 Virginia campaign, 97, 1 a. French revolu¬ 
 tion, 2 b. Commander of the national 
 guards, 2c; of an army, 98, 1 b. Imprison¬ 
 ment at Olmtltz, 1 c: see Bollmann. Oppo¬ 
 sition to Napoleon, 99, 1 a. Final visit to 
 America, 2 a. Revolution of 1830, 2 be. 
 
 Lafayette College, Easton, Pa., X. 100. 
 
 La FfeuE [la fair], town of France, X. 100. 
 
 Laffitte, Jacques [la-feet], French banker, X. 
 
 100 . 
 
 La Fiero di Sant 1 Alessandro, edifice, II. 555,1 c. 
 
 Lafitaij, Joseph Francois [la-fe-to], French 
 missionary, X. 101. 
 
 Lafitte, Jean, corsair, privateer, or smuggler, 
 X. 101. 
 
 La Fl^che [la flaish], town of France, X. 102. 
 
 Lafont [la-fo ng ], Pierre Ch6ri, French actor, 
 X. 102. 
 
 La Fontaine, Jean de [la fo Dg -tain], fabulist, X. 
 102. Origin of some of his fables, II. 627, 2 a. 
 
 La Foege, Anatole de [la forzh], author, X. 103. 
 
 La Foueche [la foorsh], parish of Louisiana, 
 X. 103. 
 
 La Fuente, Modesto [la fwain'-ta], Spanish 
 historian, X. 103. 
 
 La Fuente y Alcantaea, Miguel [e al-kan'- 
 ta-ra], historian, X. 103. 
 
 Lagenaria (botany), VIII. 131, 1 ab. L. vul¬ 
 garis, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Lager Her [la'-gher beer], II. 469, 2 b ; III. 
 262, 1 c. 
 
 Lagerstrcemia Indica (botany), XII. 113,1 a (ill.). 
 
 Lagetta (botany), X. 80, 1 c. L. lintearia, ib. 
 
 Lagidium : see Lagotis. 
 
 La Giralda , III. 661, 2 b. See Seville. 
 
 Lagny, Othon de [duh la-nye], (Pope Urban 
 II.), XVI. 221, 1 b. 
 
 Lago, extradition case of, VII. 42, 1 c. 
 
 Lago di Gastello: see Albano, I. 245, 1 c. 
 
 Lago Maggioee [la'-go mad-jo'-ra], lake, X. 103. 
 
 Lag'omys : see Pika, XIII. 509, 1 b, L. prin- 
 ceps, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Lago'na, plant, VII. 110, 2 a. 
 
 Lago'pus (ornithology), XIV. 60, 1 c. L. al- 
 bus, 2 b (ill.). L. mutus, 61 r 1 be (ill.). 
 
 Lagos [la'-goce], town of Portugal, X. 104. 
 
 Lagos, Africa, X. 104. 
 
 Lagos'tomus, genus of mammals, X. 104. L. 
 trichodactylus, 2 ab (ill.). 
 
 Lag'othrix (zoology), IX. 751, 1 b. 
 
 Lago'tis, genus of animals, X. 104. L. Cu- 
 vieri, 105, 1 a (ill.). L. pallipes, ib. 
 
 La Grande, county seat, XVI. 113, 1 a. 
 
 La Geange [la grainj], county, X. 105. 
 
 La Grange, county seats* VII. 101, 2 a; X. 
 
 105, 2 a; XII. 613, 1 a. 
 
 Lageange, Joseph Louis, count de [la gra Dg zh], 
 French geometrician, X. 105. 
 
 La Geanja [la gran'- k ha], town of Spain, X. 
 
 106. Revolution of, 1 b: see XI. 159, 1 c. 
 La grippe [1& greep], influenza, III. 312, 1 be. 
 La Guayea, or Laguaira [la gwl'-ra], seaport of 
 
 Venezuela, X. 106. 
 
 La Hacha [la a'-cha], order of, XV. 814, 1 b. 
 La Haie Sainte [la a sa og t] : see Wateeloo, 
 XVI. 506, 1 a, ff. 
 
 La Haepe, Frederic C6sar [la arp], Swiss states- 
 
 ✓ 
 
 man, X. 106. 
 
 La Haepe, Jean Francois de, French critic, 
 X. 107. 
 
 La Hogue, battle of [la oag]: see Cape la 
 Hague. Referred to, IX. 578, 2 c; XV. 
 825, 2 ab. Fort of, III. 749, 1 b. 
 
 La Hontan, Armand Louis de Delondarce de 
 [la o ng -ta ng ], French traveller, X. 107. 
 Lahoee', capital of the Punjaub, X. 107. Tomb 
 of Runjeet Singh (ill.), 108. 
 
 La Hougue, fort of\\ a oog], III. 749, 1 b. 
 Lahe, town of Baden, X. 108. 
 
 Laibach : see Laybach. 
 
 Laine, Jeanne [la-na], heroine, II. 433, 1 b. 
 Lainez : see Laynez. 
 
 Laing, Alexander Gordon, British traveller, 
 X. 108. 
 
 Laing, Malcolm, Scottish historian, X. 108. 
 
 Samuel, traveller and author, 2 c. 
 
 Laikesse, Gerard de [la-ress], Flemish painter, 
 X. 109. 
 
 Lais [la'-is], two Greek courtesans, X. 109. 
 La'ish, city, V. 658, 1 c (Dan). 
 
 Laithmas, festival, X. 127, 1 ab. 
 
 Lake, pigment, X. 109; IV. 779, 2 a. 
 
 Lake, name of nine counties, X. 109. 
 
 Lake, Gerard, viscount, English general, X. 
 
 110; I. 191, 2 a; II. 606, 2 a. 
 
 Lake, Henry Atwell, soldier, X. 110. 
 
 Lalce Butler , county seat, III. 179, 2 b. 
 
 Lahe Charles C. H., county seat, III. 568, 2 a. 
 Lahe City , county seats, III. 583, 2 b; V. 116, 
 2 c. 
 
 Lake Dwellings, X. 110 (ills.) ; I. 643, 2 b. 
 Lahe George , county seat, XVI. 459, 2 b. 
 
 Lahe of the four forest cantons, X. 704, 1 c. 
 Lahe Indians, IX. 788, 1 a. 
 
446 
 
 LAKEPORT 
 
 LAMP 
 
 Lakeport, county seat, X. 110, 1 b. 
 
 Lake ridge, in New York, XII. 357, 2 b; 641,1 a. 
 
 Lake shad: see White Fish, XVI. 605, 1 b. 
 
 Lake Superior ship canal , XI. 501, 1 a. 
 
 Lake of the Woods, Canada, X. 113. 
 
 Lake Village , county seat, IV. 421, 2 a. 
 
 Lakshmi , Hindoo divinity, IX. 224, 2 be; 228, 
 2 a; 230, 1 a. 
 
 Lalande, Joseph Jdrome le Fran^ais de [la- 
 la ng d], French astronomer, X. 113. His con¬ 
 cealment of Du Pont de Nemours, VI. 324,1 b. 
 
 Lalemant, Charles [lal-ma ng ], Jesuit missionary 
 to Canada, X. 113. Jerdme, missionary and 
 author, 2 c. Gabriel, missionary, ib. 
 
 Lallemand, Claude Francois [lal-ma ng ], French 
 physician, X. 114. 
 
 Lally, Thomas Arthur, count, French soldier, 
 
 X. 114. 
 
 Lally-Tollendal, Trophime Gdrard, marquis 
 de, politician, X. 114. His efforts for the 
 release of Lafayette: see Bollmann. 
 
 Lalo plant (baobab), II. 290, 1 b. 
 
 Lama : see Llama, and Alpaca. 
 
 Lama [la'-ma], priest: see Lamaism, and Mon¬ 
 golia, XI. 747, 2 a. 
 
 Lama'ic temples , architecture of, X. 117, 2 a. 
 
 La'maism, religion of Thibet, X. 115. 
 
 La Manche [la ma ng sh]: see English Channel. 
 
 Laman'tin : see Manatee. 
 
 Lamar', county, X. 117. 
 
 Lamar , county seat, II. 352, 1 be. 
 
 La Marche Limousine: see Marche, La. 
 
 Lamarck, Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de 
 Monet de, French naturalist, X. 118. His 
 theory of evolution, VII. 10, 1 c. Division 
 of the invertebrata, IX. 325, 1 c. Classifi¬ 
 cation of insects, VI. 660, 2 ab ; of mollusca, 
 
 XI. 50, 1 c. 
 
 Lamar'mora, Alfonso di, Italian general, X. 
 118. (Died 1878.) 
 
 Lamarque, Maximilien, count [la mark], French 
 general, X. 119. 
 
 Lamartine, Alphonse Marie Louis de [la-mar- 
 teen], French poet, X. 119. 
 
 Lamas'eries, residences of the lamas, X. 116, 
 2 c; XI. 747, 2 be. 
 
 Lamb , fur or wool of the Persian black or 
 gray, VII. 539, 2 b; of the black Astrakhan 
 or Bokharan, ib ., and XIV. 838, 1 c. 
 
 Lamb, Lady Caroline: see Melbourne, XI. 
 369, 1 c. 
 
 Lamb, Charles, English author, X. 120. Mary 
 Anne, authoress, 122, 1 b. 
 
 Lamb , William: see Melbourne, viscount. 
 
 Larnba , Madagascan mantle, X. 812, 1 c. 
 
 Lambce'sa, ancient town: see Lambessa. 
 
 Lamballe, Marie Th6rese Louise de Savoie- 
 Carignan, princess of [la ng -bal], X. 122. 
 
 Lam'bert, Daniel, English giant, X. 122. 
 
 Lambert, Johann Heinrich, German philoso¬ 
 pher, X. 122. 
 
 Lambert, John, English general, X. 123. 
 
 Lambertini, Prospero Lorenzo [lam-bair-te'-ne], 
 (Pope Benedict XIV.), II. 518, 2 b. 
 
 Lambese [la ng -baiz]: see Lambessa. 
 
 Lambe’se , ancient town : see Lambessa. 
 
 Lambessa, penal colony in Algeria, X. 123. 
 Ruins of ancient Lambese or Lambsesa, 2 c. 
 
 Lambeth, suburb of London, X. 124. Lam¬ 
 beth palace, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Lamb-kill , shrub, IX. 737, 2 b. 
 
 Lambrequin [lam'-bre-kin], in heraldry, VIII. 
 674, 1 b. 
 
 Lambruschini, Luigi [lam-broos-ke'-ne], Italian 
 prelate, X. 124. 
 
 Lamb's'-quarters, plant, XIII. 509, 1 a. 
 
 Lambton, county, X. 124. 
 
 Lame duck , on the stock exchange, XV. 388, 2 b. 
 
 Lamego [la-ma'-go], town of Portugal, X. 124. 
 
 Lamellce of bone, III. 59, 1 b, c. 
 
 Lamellibranchiates, acephalous mollusks, X. 
 124; V. 198, 2 c; XI. 721, 2 a. 
 
 Lamennais, Hugues Fdlicite Robert de [la- 
 ma-na], French author, X. 124. See Philos¬ 
 ophy, XIII. 444, 2 ab. 
 
 La Mettrie, Julien Offray de [la ma-tre], phy¬ 
 sician and philosopher, X. 126; XI. 812, 
 2 b ; XIII. 441, 2 ab. 
 
 Laminaria (botany), I. 299, 1 c. L. sacchari- 
 na, ib. L. digitata, ib., and VII. 515, 2 b. 
 
 Lam’ina spira'lis , of the ear, XV. 185, 1 be. 
 
 Lammas Day, X. 126. 
 
 Lammergeyer [lam-mer-ghi'-er], bird of prey, 
 X. 127 (ilk). 
 
 Lamna (ichthyology), XIV. 828, 2 a. L. punc^ 
 tata, 2 ab (ill.). 
 
 Lam'nidce (ichthyology), XIV. 828, 2 a. 
 
 Lamoille [la-moil'], county, X. 127. 
 
 Lamoriciere, Christophe Louis Leon Juchault 
 de [la-muh-re-se-air], French general, X. 127. 
 
 La Motte, mineralogist, referred to, X. 253, 
 2 ab. Mine La Motte, 2 be, c. 
 
 La Motte-Fouque : see FouQufc. 
 
 Lamotte-Valois, Jeanne de Luz de St. Remy, 
 countess de [la-miit-va-lw&], X. 128. Affair 
 of the “diamond necklace,” ib. 
 
 Lamoure [la-moor'], county, X. 128. 
 
 Lamp, X. 128. Astral lamp, 129, 1 c; Benk- 
 
LAMPADE8 
 
 LANE 
 
 447 
 
 ler’s, 2 be; Parker’s hot-oil or economic 
 lamp, 129, 2 b; Carcel, 2 a; fountain, 456, 
 1 c (ills., 456, 457). Safety lamps, 130, 2 b; 
 Clanny’s and Stephenson’s, 2 c; Davy’s, 131, 
 
 1 a (ill.); Mackworth’s, 1 be (ill.). Solar lamp, 
 129, 2 c; student, 130, 2 a; vapor, 1 b. 
 Worms lamp, 129, 1 be. Lamps for light¬ 
 houses, 454, 2 b, ff.: see Fresnel, VII. 
 486, 1 c, ff. 
 
 Lampades [lam'-pa-deez], lamp shells, III. 177, 
 
 2 a. 
 
 Lampadius [lam-pa'-de-oos], (Wilhelm August, 
 1772-1842, professor at Freiberg), discoverer 
 of carbon disulphide, III. 772, 2 be. 
 
 Lampad'omancy: see Divination, VI. 154,1 a. 
 Lampas'as, county, X. 131. 
 
 Lampasas, county seat, X. 131, 2 b. 
 Lampblack, X. 131. Lampblack apparatus, 
 132, 1 a (ill., 131). See Cakbon, III. 770, 
 
 1 a. Reason of its blackness, VI. 83, 2 b. 
 Lampern, fish, X. 132, 2 be. 
 
 Lamp festival, in Thibet, referred to, X. 117,1 c. 
 Lamprey, fish, X. 132 (ill.). Lamprey eel, 2 ab. 
 Lamp'sacus, ancient city of Mysia, X. 133. 
 Lamp Shell: see Brachiopoda. 
 
 Lam'pyris (entomology), VIII. 39, 2 ab; VII. 
 
 213, 2 c. L. scintillaris and L. corusca, 
 
 214, 1 a. L. noctiluca, VIII. 39, 2 c (ills.). 
 L. splendidula, 40,1 a (ill., 39). Other species. 
 
 Lamuts [la-moots'], Mongolian tribe, XVI. 
 30, 1 c. 
 
 Ldn [lain], Swedish for province, XII. 485, 2 b. 
 Lana coacta: see Felt, VII. 118, 2 b. 
 
 Lana philosophica, zinc white, XVI. 816, 2 ab. 
 Lan'ark, town of Scotland, X. 133. New 
 Lanark, 2 b. 
 
 Lanark, county of Canada, X. 133. 
 Lanarkshire, county of Scotland, X. 133. 
 Lancashire, county of England, X. 134. 
 Lancashire hearth, in smelting furnaces, IX. 
 
 398, 2 b; II. 743, 2 c. 
 
 Lan'caster, four counties, X. 134. 
 
 Lancaster, county of England: see Lancashire. 
 Lancaster, city of Pennsylvania, X. 135. 
 Lancaster, city of Ohio, X. 135. 
 
 Lancaster, borough of England, X. 136. Cas¬ 
 tle, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Lancaster, county seats, V. 311, 2 b; VII. 626, 
 
 2 c; VIII. 155, 2 a; XIV. 688, 1 c. 
 Lancaster, House of: see England, VI. 
 
 609-611. 
 
 Lancaster, Sir James, navigator, X. 136. 
 Lancaster, Joseph, English educator, X. 136. 
 Author of monitorial system, II. 498, 1 c. 
 
 Lancaster C. IT., county seat, X. 134, 2 c. 
 Lancaster Sound, X. 136. 
 
 Lancasterville , county seat, X. 135, 1 a. 
 
 Lance, weapon: see Arms, I. 735, 1 a ; VII. 
 122, 1 a. 
 
 Lance, George, English painter, X. 137. 
 Lancelet, lowest vertebrate animal, X. 137(ilh). 
 Lancelot, Dom Claude [la ng s-lo], French gram¬ 
 marian, X. 137. 
 
 Lance'lot of the Lake, mythical British hero, 
 X. 138; VIII. 135, 2 c. 
 
 Lancewood, X. 138. 
 
 Lancisi, Giovanni Maria [lan-che'-ze], Italian 
 physician, X. 138. 
 
 Land, in rifle bore, XIV. 327, 2 ab. 
 
 Landau [lan'-dow], town of Bavaria, X. 138. 
 Land bank: see Adams, Samuel, I. 107, 1 c. 
 Land crocodile, XI. 749, 1 b. 
 
 Landed property, right of under Roman law, I. 
 192, 1 a; 200, 2 c. 
 
 Landen, John, English mathematician, X. 138. 
 Lander, county, X. 138. 
 
 Lander, Richard, English traveller, X. 139. 
 Landerneau [la ng -dair-no], seaport of France, 
 X. 139. 
 
 Landes, Les [la la ng d], department of France, 
 X. 139. Allusion to, III. 486, 1 a. 
 Landeshut [lan'-dess-hoot]: see Landshut. 
 Landis, Charles K.: see Vineland, XVI. 360,1 c. 
 Landon, Letitia Elizabeth (Maclean), English 
 poetess, X. 139. 
 
 Landor, Walter Savage, author, X. 140. 
 
 Land rail, bird, V. 455, 1 c. 
 
 Lands, public: see Public lands (Index). 
 Landsberg [lants'-bairg], Prussia, X. 140. 
 Landscape Architecture : see Park. 
 Landscape Gardening : see Park. 
 
 Landscapes, magic or chemical, IX. 284, 1 c. 
 Land'seer, John, English engraver, X. 140. 
 Thomas, engraver, 2 c. Charles, painter, 
 
 141, 1 a. Sir Edwin, painter, 1 ab. 
 
 Land’s End, headland, England, X. 141 (ill.); 
 
 V. 369, 1 c. 
 
 Landsfeld, Countess von [lants'-felt]: see Lola 
 Montez. 
 
 Landshut [lants'-hoot], Bavaria, X. 141. 
 Landshut, Prussia, X. 142. 
 
 Landskrona [lands'-kroo-na], Sweden, X. 142. 
 Landulphus, reformer, I. 699, 2 c. 
 
 Land van Ter-Goes, II. 600, 1 be (Beveland). 
 Lane, county, X. 142. 
 
 Lane, Edward William, English orientalist, X. 
 
 142. pied 1876.) 
 
 Lane university , Kansas, X. 284, 2 b. 
 
448 
 
 LAMFRAMC 
 
 LAPIS 
 
 Lanfrano,* archbishop of Canterbury, X. 142; 
 
 I. 279, 1 c. On the eucharist, X. 638, 2 b. 
 Lanfranco, Giovanni, Italian painter, X. 142. 
 Lanfrey, Pierre [la Dg -fra], French historian, X. 
 
 143. (Died 1877.) 
 
 Lang, Heinrich, German theologian, X. 143. 
 Lang, Louis, American artist, X. 143. 
 Langbaine, Gerard, English scholar, X. 143. 
 Gerard (2d), 2 a. 
 
 Langbein, August Friedrich Ernst [lang'-bine], 
 German author, X. 143. 
 
 Langdon, John, American statesman, X. 143. 
 Lange, Johann Peter [lang'-Sh], German theo¬ 
 logian, X. 144. 
 
 Lange, Ludwig, archaeologist, X. 144. 
 Langeland [lang'-eh-land], Danish island, X. 
 
 144. 
 
 Langelancle [lang'-land]: see Langlande. 
 Langensalza [lang'-en-zal-tsa], Prussia, X. 144. 
 Langer, Robert von, German painter, X. 144. 
 Langey , Seigneur de [la ng -zha]: see Bellay. 
 Langhorne, John, English poet, X. 144. 
 Langlande, Robert, supposed author of the 
 “ Vision of Piers Ploughman,” X. 144. 
 Langl^s, Louis Mathieu [la ng -glace], French ori¬ 
 entalist, X. 145. 
 
 Langley , Pro/!, observations on the sun, XV. 
 
 471, 2 c; 472, 2 a; 476, 1 be. 
 
 Langlois, Jean Charles [la ng -glwa], French 
 painter, X. 145. 
 
 Langlois, Victor, orientalist, X. 145. 
 Langobardi: see Lombards (Index). 
 
 Langres [la ng gr’], town of France, X. 145. 
 Langtoft, Peter, English chronicler, X. 145. 
 Langton, Stephen, prelate, X. 145. 
 
 Language, X. 146. Origin of, 2 c. Etymol¬ 
 ogy, 148, 2 a. Grammar, 149, 2 b. Linguis¬ 
 tic groups, table of, 151, 2 b. 
 
 Lan'guedoc [Fr. la ng g-duk], province, X. 152. 
 Langue d'oc, Provencal dialect, XIV. 39, 1 a; 
 
 VII. 402, la; IX. 569, 1 b; X. 152, 2 a. 
 Langue d'oil [la ng g dw&l], Roman-Wallonic di¬ 
 alect, VII. 402, 1 a; X. 152, 2 ab; XII. 498, 
 2 c; XIV. 38, 2 be. 
 
 Lanier [la-neer'], county seat, X. 803, 1 c. 
 Lan'igan, John, Irish clergyman, X. 152. 
 Lanius borealis (ornithology), III. 486, 2 ab. 
 
 L. excubitor, 487, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Lanjuinais, Jean Denis, count [la ng -zhh-e-na], 
 French statesman, X. 152. 
 
 Lan'kester, Edwin, English physician, X. 153. 
 (Died 1874.) 
 
 Lanner : see Falcon, VII. 69, 1 a (ill.). 
 Lannes, Jean [lan], duke of Montebello, mar¬ 
 
 shal of France, X. 153. Napoleon Lannes 
 de Montebello, statesman, 154, 1 a. 
 
 La noche triste [la no'-cha trees'-ta], (Alvarado’s 
 retreat), I. 371, 2 be. 
 
 La Moue, Francois de [la noo], French soldier, 
 X. 154. 
 
 Lansac, Francois Emile [la ng -sak], painter, X. 
 154. 
 
 Lans'downk, William Petty, first marquis of, 
 British statesman, X. 154. Henry Petty-Fitz- 
 maurice, statesman, 155, 1 a. Lord Lans- 
 downe’s act, so styled, I. 28, 2 c. 
 
 Lansing, capital of Michigan, X. 155. Mew 
 state house, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Lansing , county seat, I. 323, 2 be. 
 
 Lansingburgh, village of Mew York, X. 156. 
 
 Lantanum: see Lanthanum. 
 
 Lantern , of a lighthouse, X. 454, 1 c. 
 
 Lantern Fly : see Firefly, VII. 214,1 c-2 a. 
 
 Lan'thanum, metal, X. 156. 
 
 Lanuvium, ancient city of Latium, X. 156. 
 
 Lanza, Giovanni [l&n'-tsa], Italian statesman, 
 X. 156. 
 
 Lanzarote [l&n-sa-ro'-ta], Canaries, X. 156. 
 
 Lanzi, Luigi [lan'-tse], Italian author, X. 156. 
 
 Laocoon [la-ok'-o-on], Trojan hero, X. 157. 
 Group of sculpture, 2 a. 
 
 Laodami'a, mythical Grecian princess, X. 157. 
 
 Laodice'a, name of six Greek cities in Asia, 
 X. 157. On the Lycus, 1 c. On the Sea- 
 coast, 2 c. 
 
 Laom'edon: see Troy, XVI. 10, 1 a. 
 
 Laon [la ng ], city of France, X. 158. 
 
 Laos [la'-oce], country of Asia, X. 158. Lan¬ 
 guage of, IX. 254, 1 a. 
 
 Lao-tse [low-tsa']: see China, IV. 454, 2 b. 
 
 Lap, wheel in lapidary’s work, X. 160, 2 a. 
 
 La Paz [la pass], department of Bolivia, X. 158. 
 La Paz de Ayacucho, city, 159, 1 a. 
 
 La Paz, capital of Lower California, X. 159. 
 
 Lapeer', county, X. 159. 
 
 Lapeer, county seat, X. 159, 2 b. 
 
 La Perouse, Jean Francois de Galaup, count 
 de [la pa-rooz], French navigator, X. 159. 
 
 Lap'ham, Increase Allen, American physicist, 
 X. 160. (Died 1875.) 
 
 Laph'ria (entomology), VI. 129, 2 c. 
 
 Lapidary, X. 160. Lapidary’s table, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Lapilli cancrorum: see Crab Stones. 
 
 La'pis inferna'lis , nitrate of silver, XII. 463,1 b. 
 
 Lapis Laz'uli, mineral, X. 161. 
 
 Lapis lincurius , mineral, VI. 500, 2 b. 
 
 Lapis ollaris, soapstone, XV. 555, 1 b. 
 
 Lapis Solaris , Bologna stone, II. 312, 2 c. 
 
LAPITIL/E 
 
 LA RUE 
 
 449 
 
 Lap'itii^e, in Greek legend, X. 161; IV. 202, 
 
 1 ab. 
 
 Lapito, Louis Auguste [la-pe-to], French paint¬ 
 er, X. 162. 
 
 Lap-king , surname, XV. 508, 2 b. 
 
 Laplace, Cyrille Pierre Theodore [la-plas], 
 French navigator, X. 162. 
 
 Laplace, Pierre Simon, marquis de, astrono¬ 
 mer and mathematician, X. 162. His dis¬ 
 coveries in astronomy, 2 o. Ilis “Mecanique 
 c61este,” 163, 1 a. Theorems respecting the 
 solar system, XIII. 571, 2 b. Theory of 
 heat, VIII. 568, 1 c. 
 
 Lapland, X. 164. Coasts, surface, and vege¬ 
 tation, 1 a. Lakes and watercourses, 1 b. 
 Climate, ib. Inhabitants, 1 c. Marriage, 
 
 2 ab. Religion, 2 b. Former heathen de¬ 
 ities, ib. Magicians, 2 c. Language, ib. 
 
 La Plata [la pla'-ta], county, X. 165. 
 
 La Plata, country: see Argentine Republic. 
 
 La Plata, Rio de: see Plata, Rio de la. 
 
 Laponneraye, Albert [la-pun-ra], French his¬ 
 torian, X. 165. 
 
 La Porte [la port], county, X. 165. 
 
 La Porte, city of Indiana, X. 165. 
 
 Laporte, county seats, X. 171, 1 c; XV. 451, 
 1 c; XVI. 520, 1 c. 
 
 Laportea Canadensis (botany), XIV. 195, 2 b. 
 
 Lappenberg, Johann Martin [lap'-pen-bairg], 
 German historian, X. 165. 
 
 Lapps : see Lapland. 
 
 La Praguerie [la prag-re], rebellion in France, 
 VI. 318, 2 ab; X. 653, 1 b. 
 
 Laprairie, county, X. 165. 
 
 Laprairie , county seat, X. 165, 2 c. 
 
 Lap'saki: see Lampsacus, X. 133, 2 ab. 
 
 La Pucelle (Joan of Arc), IX. 641, 2 a. 
 
 Lapurdum , ancient town, II. 410, 1 a. 
 
 Lapwing, bird, X. 165 (ill., 166). 
 
 Lar, town of Persia, X. 166. 
 
 Larache [la-rash]: see El-Araisii. 
 
 Laramie, county, X. 166. 
 
 Laramie, city of Wyoming, X. 166. 
 
 Laramie peak, Rocky mountains, XIV.376,2 ab. 
 
 Laramie plains, XIV. 376, 2 ab. 
 
 Laranda, ancient town, III. 766, 1 ab, b. 
 
 Lararium, apartment for the lares, X. 171,1 b. 
 
 Larasii [la-rash']: see El-Araisii. 
 
 Larceny, in law, X. 166. 
 
 Laecii, tree, X. 168. American, 2 a (ill.); Eu¬ 
 ropean, 169, 1 a (ill.). False larch, 1 c. 
 
 Larciier, Pierre Henri [lar-sha], French scholar 
 and author, X. 169. 
 
 Lard, X. 169. Lard oil, 170, 1 ab. 
 
 29 
 
 Lardaceine [lar-da-se'-in], amyloid substance, 
 XIV. 31, 1 c. 
 
 Larder el, Count, referred to, III. 96, 2 b. 
 
 Lardnee, Dionysius, British scientific writer, 
 X. 170. 
 
 \ 
 
 Lardnee, Nathaniel, English divine, X. 171. 
 
 Laredo [la-ra'-do], county seat, XVI. 526, 1 a. 
 
 Lares [la'-reez], inferior Roman divinities, X. 
 171; VII. 63, 2 b. L. compitales, V. 189, 
 1 c. See Penates. 
 
 Lar familiaris : see Lares. 
 
 Largo , in music, X. 712, 2 c. 
 
 Lariat (lasso), X. 181, 2 b. 
 
 Larimer, county, X. 171. 
 
 Larissa, town of European Turkey, X. 171. 
 
 Laristan', province of Persia, X. 171. 
 
 Larius Lacus (lake of Como), V. 171, 1 a. 
 
 La Rive, Charles Gaspard de [dull la reev], 
 Swiss chemist, X. 171. Auguste de, 2 c. 
 
 Larix (botany), X. 168, 2 a. L. Americana, ib. 
 (ill.). L. Eurcpsca, 169, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Lark, bird, X. 171. Sky or field lark, 172, 1 b 
 (ill.). Wood lark, 2 a. American sky or 
 shore lark, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Larkspur : see Delphinium. Rocket lark¬ 
 spurs, 786, 1 a; bee, 2 a. 
 
 Lar'naka, town of Cyprus, X. 173. 
 
 Ijarned , county seat, XIII. 197, 2 a. 
 
 Larned, Sylvester, American clergyman, X. 173. 
 
 Larnica : see Larnaka. 
 
 L,a rocca, castle of Este, VI. 739, 1 c. 
 
 Laroche, Sophie [la-rush]: see Wieland, XVI. 
 616, 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 La Rochefoucauld, Francois, duke de [lariish- 
 foo-ko], French author, X. 173. His Max- 
 imes , 2 he; XI. 812, 2 a. 
 
 La Rochefoucauld-Liancourt, Francois Alex¬ 
 ander Frederic, duke de [-lya ng -koor], states¬ 
 man and philanthropist, X. 174. 
 
 La Rociiejaquelein, Henri du Verger, count 
 de [-zhak-la ns ], royalist, X. 174. Louis du 
 Verger, marquis de, royalist, 175, 2 a. Henri 
 Auguste Georges, statesman, 2 b. Marie 
 Louise Victoire de Donnissan, marchioness 
 de, 2 he. 
 
 La Rochelle : see Rochelle. 
 
 La Romana, marquis : see Romana. 
 
 La Roe, abbey of, VII. 306, 1 b. 
 
 Laromiguiere, Pierre [la-ruh-me-gyair], French 
 philosopher, X. 175. 
 
 Lakrey, Dominique Jean, baron [lar-ra], sur¬ 
 geon, X. 176. Felix Hippolyte, baron, sur¬ 
 geon, 2 a. ♦ 
 
 La Rue, county, X. 176. 
 
450 
 
 LARUS 
 
 LATITUDE 
 
 Larus (ornithology), VIII. 318, 2 b. L. canus, 
 XI. 464, 1 b. L. glaucus, VIII. 318, 2 c. 
 L. marinus, ib. (ill.). L. argentatus, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Larva, X. 176. See Caterpillar. 
 
 Larva : see Lemures. 
 
 Laryngi'tis , III. 310, 1 a. Acute, V. 517, 2 a. 
 Diphtheritic, 2 c. 
 
 Laryngismus stridulus , V. 518, 2 be. 
 
 Larynx : see Voice, and X. 721, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 La Salle [la sal], two counties, X. 176. 
 
 La Salle, city of Illinois, X. 177. 
 
 La Salle, Jean Baptiste, founder of the Chris¬ 
 tian Brothers, X. 177; III. 255, 2 ab. 
 
 La Salle, Robert Cavelier, sieur de, French 
 explorer, X. 177. 
 
 Las Animas, county, X. 178. 
 
 Lasaulx, Ernst von [la-so'J, German philolo¬ 
 gist, X. 178. 
 
 Las'caris, Andreas Joannes, Greek philologist, 
 X. 178. Constantine, grammarian, 179,1 b. 
 
 Las Casas, Bartolome de [las ka'-sass], apostle 
 to the Indians, X. 179. Introduction of 
 negro slavery by, 179, 2 ab. Comment on 
 Cortes’s cruelty to his Indian miners, V. 385, 
 2 a. His opinion of Oviedo’s history, XII. 
 748, 2 a. 
 
 Las Cases, Emmanuel Augustin Dieudonn6, 
 count de [las kaz], French historian, X. 180. 
 
 Las Cenizas [las sa-ne'-sass], volcano in Gua¬ 
 temala, X. 180. 
 
 Lasco , John a : see Laski. 
 
 Lasiocam'pada (entomology), XI. 868, 2 c. 
 
 Lasker, Eduard, Prussian statesman, X. 180. 
 
 Laski, Jan, Polish divine, X. 180; XIV. 248, 2 c. 
 
 Las Palmas : see Palmas. 
 
 La Spar a [la spa'-ra]: see Aqua Tofana, I. 
 608, 2 be. 
 
 Las Pilas [las pe'-lass], volcano, X. 180. 
 
 Lassa, capital of Thibet, X. 180. 
 
 Lassen, county, X. 181. 
 
 Lassen, Christian [las'-sen], German philolo¬ 
 gist, X. 181. His attempts to decipher the 
 cuneiform inscriptions, V. 572, 1 c, 2 ab. 
 
 Lassen's peak or butte , III. 600,1 a ; XIV. 379, 
 1 ab. 
 
 Lasso, hunting cord, X. 181. 
 
 Lasso, Orlando di, Flemish composer, X. 181. 
 
 Lasso Cells : see Actinia, I. 75, 1 a. 
 
 L’Assomption [las-sump-se-o Dg ], county, X. 181. 
 
 VAssomption, county seat, X. 181, 2 c. 
 
 Lassus , Orlandus : see Lasso, Orlandi di. 
 
 Lasteyrie, Ferdinand Charles de, count [las- 
 ta-re], French arch ge ologist, X. 182. Count 
 Charles Philibert de Lasteyrie-Dusaillant, 
 
 author, 1 a. Facsimile printing invented by 
 him, 527, 2 b. Adrien Jules, marquis, poli¬ 
 tician, 182, 1 a. 
 
 Las Vegas [las va'-gass], county seat, XIV. 
 609, 1 c. 
 
 Latakia [la-ta-ke'-a], town of Syria, X. 182 . 
 
 Lateral operation , for the stone, XV. 398, 2 b; 
 399, 1 a. 
 
 Lateran, palace and church in Rome, X. 182 
 (ill.). Palace, 2 a. Church, 183, 1 c: see 
 Cathedral, IV. 117,2 a (St. John of Lateran). 
 
 Lateran, eleven councils of, X. 183. I., on 
 
 investitures against simony, 2 b. II., against 
 heresy, 2 c. III., on papal elections, candi¬ 
 dates for ecclesiastical offices, &c., 184, 1 a. 
 IV., on the eucharist, heresy, church re¬ 
 forms, &c., 1 b; 638, 2 b; 640, 2 a; XL 
 730, 1 be. V., against certain schismatic 
 cardinals, X. 184, 2 ab. Other Lateran 
 councils, 2 c. 
 
 Lateranus , Plautius , X. 182, 2 a. 
 
 La'tham, John, English ornithologist, X. 185. 
 His classification of birds, XII. 705, 1 a. 
 
 Latham, Robert Gordon, philologist, X. 185. 
 His divisions of the human race, VI. 754, 2 c. 
 
 Lath'bury, Thomas, clergyman, X. 185. 
 
 Lathe , in turning, XVI. 73, 1 b ; in weaving, 
 XVI. 523, 2 a. 
 
 Lathon river , II. 526, 2 c. 
 
 La'throp, John Hiram, American educator, X. 
 185. 
 
 Latiirop, Joseph, clergyman, X. 185. 
 
 Lath’yrus latifolius (botany), XIII. 203, 2 a. 
 L. maritimus, 2 ab. L. odoratus, 2 b. 
 
 Latimer, Hugh, English bishop and reformer, 
 X. 185. Referred to, XVI. 715, 1 ab. 
 
 Latin Language and Literature, X. 186. 
 Language, 1 b, ff.; IX. 455, 1 c. History 
 of the Latin alphabet, X. 187, 2 a (ill.) ; I. 
 349, 1 c. Pronunciation of Latin, X. 187, 
 2 c. Grammar, 188, 2 c. Mediaeval study 
 of, 189, 2 b; VII. 763, 1 b, 2 c.—Literature, 
 X. 192, 1 be. First period, 2 ab. Second, 
 193, 1 a; Augustan age, 195, 1 c. Third, 
 “ silver Latinity,” 196,1 b. Fourth, 198, 2 b. 
 
 Latin architecture, so styled, I. 661, 1 b. 
 
 Lati'ni, ancient race, IX. 439, 2 a. 
 
 Latini, Brunetto [la-te'-ne], Italian scholar 
 and poet, X. 201. 
 
 Latinitas, X. 187, 1 b. 
 
 Latinus, mythical king, X. 201. See AEneas. 
 
 Latitude, in geography, X. 201. In astrono¬ 
 my, 202, 1 a. Determination of by the sun, 
 XII. 181, 2 b. 
 
LATITUDINARIANS 
 
 LAUTUMLE 
 
 451 
 
 Latitudinarians, in theology, X. 202. 
 
 Latium, division of ancient Italy, X. 202. 
 
 Lato : see Esne. 
 
 Latomice , quarries used as prisons, XV. 542, 2 a. 
 
 Latona, in mythology, X. 202 ; I. 586, 1 c. 
 
 Latop'olis : see Esne. 
 
 La Tour [1A toor], French proprietor in Acadia, 
 II. 118, 2 a. Madame de, ib. 
 
 Latour, Antoine Tenant de, author, X. 202. 
 
 Latour, Count, Austrian secretary of war, re¬ 
 ferred to, II. 146, 2 a. 
 
 Latour d’Auvergne, Th6ophile Halo Corret 
 de [do-vairny’], French soldier, X. 203. 
 
 Latreille, Pierre Andr6 [la-tray’], French 
 naturalist, X. 203. His classification of 
 arachnids, I. 627, 1 ab, b, c; of insects, VI. 
 660, 1 be; of reptiles, VIII. 693, 1 a. 
 
 La Trappe [la trap]: see Trappists. 
 
 La Trinitd di Cava [la tre-ne-ta' de ka'-va], 
 monastery of, IV. 139, 1 b. 
 
 Latrocinium , robber synod, VI. 791, 1 c. 
 
 Latten: see Wire, XVI. 676, 1 be. 
 
 Latter Day Saints : see Mormons. 
 
 Latter Lammas, at, proverb, X. 127, 1 ab. 
 
 Latude, Henri Masers de [la-tiid], French 
 prisoner of state, X. 203. 
 
 Lauban [low'-ban], town of Prussia, X. 204. 
 
 Laube, Heinrich [low'-beli], author, X. 204. 
 
 Laud, William, English prelate, X. 204. 
 
 Laudanum, drug, X. 205; XII. 648, 2 a. 
 
 Laudu'num : see Laon. 
 
 Lauder, Robert Scott, Scottish artist. X. 205. 
 
 Lauder, William, literary forger, X. 205. 
 
 Lauderdale, three counties, X. 205. 
 
 Laudon, Gideon Ernst, baron [low'-don], Aus¬ 
 trian general, X. 206. 
 
 Laudonniere, Rene Goulain de [lo-duh-nyair]: 
 see Ribault, Jean. 
 
 Lauenburg [low'-en-boorg], German duchy, X. 
 206. 
 
 Laughing gas : see Nitrous Oxide. 
 
 Laughing jackass, bird, II. 130, 2 c. 
 
 Laughing philosopher (Democritus), IV. 793,1 b. 
 
 Laugier, Auguste Ernest Paul [lo-zhe-a], French 
 astronomer, X. 207. 
 
 Laugier, Cesar de Bellecour, count de, soldier 
 and author, X. 207. 
 
 Laugier, Jean Nicolas, engraver, X. 207. 
 
 Lau'monite, mineral, X. 207. 
 
 Launay, Emmanuel Louis Henri de [duh Io¬ 
 na] : see Antraigues. 
 
 Launceston [lans'-tun], town of Tasmania, X. 
 208. 
 
 La Union [la oo-no-oan'], San Salvador, X. 208. 
 
 Launitz, Nikolaus Karl Eduard Schmidt von 
 der [low'-nits], German sculptor, X. 208. 
 Robert Eberhard, American sculptor, 1 b. 
 
 Lau'ra [It. low'-ra]: see Petraroii, XIII. 363, 
 2 be. Portrait of: see'MEMMi, and Gaddi. 
 
 Laurel, X. 208. True or noble laurel, 1 c 
 (ill.). Other kinds, 209, 1 a. Plants so 
 called, 1 b. Mountain laurel, IX. 737,1 b (ill.). 
 
 Laurel, county, X. 209. 
 
 Laurel hill, mountain ridge, I. 590, 2 b. 
 
 Laurel magnolia, XI. 19, 1 ab (ill.). Great 
 laurel magnolia, 20, 1 be (ill.). 
 
 Laurel water, IV. 381, 1 c. 
 
 Laurencia pinnatifida (botany), I. 300, 1 a 
 (ill., 299). 
 
 Laurens, two counties, X. 209. 
 
 Laurens, Henry, American statesman, X. 209. 
 John, soldier, 210, 1 b. 
 
 Laurensville, county seat, X. 209, 1 c. 
 
 Laurent [lo-ra ng ], (Auguste), his investigations 
 on chemical compounds, IV. 369, 1 c. On 
 organic bodies, II. 87, 2 c; 88, 1 a. 
 
 Laurent, Francois, French historian, X. 210. 
 
 Laurenti [low-ren'-te], his description of the 
 character of reptiles, VIII. 692, 2 b. 
 
 Laurentian library, in Florence, XI. 132, 2 be, 
 344, 2 a; X. 349, 1 c; VII. 276, 1 c. 
 
 Laurentian Mountains, X. 210. 
 
 Laurentian system (rocks, or series), VII. 695, 
 1 c; VIII. 153, 1 b; X. 210, 2 c. Oldest 
 known fo^ils found in, III. 641, 2 b. 
 
 Laurentie, Pierre Sebastien [lo-ra ng -se], French 
 historian, X. 210. (Died 1876.) 
 
 Lauren'tum, ancient city of Latium, X. 210. 
 
 Lauresti'nus, plant, XVI. 339, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Lauri'acum, Roman station, VI. 657, 1 c. 
 
 Lauriston, Jacques Alexandre Bernard Law, 
 marquis de [lo-rees-to ng ], French soldier, X. 
 211. Auguste Jean Alexandre Law, mar¬ 
 quis de, 2 c. 
 
 Laurium, promontory of Greece, X. 211. 
 
 Laurus (botany), X. 208,1 c. L. nobilis, 2 a (ill.). 
 L. Canariensis, 209, 1 a. L. camphora, III. 
 668, 2 a. L. cinnamomum, IV. 600, 1 c. 
 
 Lausanne [lo-zan], city of Switzerland, X. 211 
 (view, 212). 
 
 Lausanne, Henry of: see Henry tiie Hermit. 
 
 Lausiac history, biographical collection, XIII. 
 15, 1 a. 
 
 Laus perennis, established by St. Columbanus, 
 V. 115, 2 be. 
 
 Laus Pompe'ia, ancient town, X. 573, 1 c. 
 
 Lautumice, quarries used as prisons, VI. 124, 
 1 a; XV. 542, 2 a. 
 
452 
 
 lauzun 
 
 LAYARD 
 
 Lauzun, Antonin Nompar de Caumont, duke 
 de [lo-zu ng ], French courtier, X. 212. 
 
 Lauzun , duke de: see Biron, II. 661, 1 c. 
 Laya : see Volcano, XVI. 399, 1 be, 401, 1 b. 
 Layaca [la-va'-ka], county of Texas, X. 212. 
 
 River and bay, XV. 671, 1 b. 
 
 Layal [la-val], town of France, X. 213. 
 
 Layal, county of Canada, X. 213. 
 
 La Valetta , seaport: see Valetta. 
 
 La Valette, Antoine Marie Chamans, count 
 de [la va-let], French officer, X. 213. 
 
 La Valette, Jean Parisot de : see Valette. 
 La Valliere, Frangoise Louise de La Baume 
 Le Blanc, duchess de [la va-lyair], mistress 
 of Louis XIV., X. 213. Louis Cesar de La 
 Valliere, bibliophile, 2 c. 
 Laval-Montmorency, Frangois Xavier de 
 [-mo ng -muh-ra ng -se], bishop of Quebec, X. 213. 
 Layal University : see Quebec, XIV. 142,1 a. 
 Lavan'dula (botany), X. 215, 2 a. L. vera, 
 2 ab. L. spica, 2 c. 
 
 Lav'ater, Johann Kasper [Ger. la-fa'-ter; Fr. 
 la-va-tair], Swiss mystic and physiognomist, 
 
 X. 214. His challenge to Mendelssohn, 2 b; 
 
 XI. 383, 1 ab. 
 
 Lavaur [la-vore], town of France, X. 215. 
 Lav'ender, plant, X. 215 (ill.). Oil of, 2 c. 
 Spirits of, ib. Colored compound spirit of, 
 or red lavender, XIV. 597, 2 a. 
 
 Z’ Avenir [lav-neer], French journal, X. 84, 
 1 ab ; 125, 2 c. 
 
 Laver , marine plant, VII. 248,1 a; XII. 774,1 b. 
 
 Green laver, 1 a. Referred to, I. 299, 1 c. 
 LaverdiIire, Charles II. [la-vair-dyair], Cana¬ 
 dian historian, X. 216. 
 
 La Villemarque:, Theodore Claude Henri 
 Hersart de, viscount [la veel-mar-ka], French 
 philologist, X. 216. 
 
 Lavinium, ancient city of Latium, X. 216. 
 Lavoisier, Antoine Laurent [la-vwa-ze-a], 
 French chemist, X. 216. His theory of ca¬ 
 loric, VIII. 567,2 be. Ice calorimeter, VIII. 
 574, 1 a (ill.). Use of the chemical balance, 
 II. 85, 2 c. Theory of chemical combina¬ 
 tion, 87, 2 a. See Chemistry, IV. 363, 1 b. 
 Law, rule of action or of human conduct, X. 
 
 217. Leibnitz’s system of, 322, 2 ab. 
 
 Law, Edward : see Ellenborough. 
 
 Law, John, financier, X. 217. Mississippi 
 scheme, 2 ab ; II. 629, 2 be. Referred to, 
 677, 2 c; III. 157, 1 c. 
 
 Law, William, English mystic, X. 218. 
 
 Lawes, Henry, English composer, X. 218. 
 Lawfi sea swallow, II. 657, 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 Law Merchant (law of merchants), X. 218. 
 Lawn, piece of ornamental grass, X. 221. 
 
 Law of Nations, X. 222. Foreign relations 
 of Greece and Rome, 1 b. Papal authority 
 in the middle ages, 1 c. Early writers, 2 a. 
 Grotius, 2 b. Pufendorf, &c., 223, 1 a. 
 Sources, 1 c. Definition of a state, 223,2 ab. 
 Rights of sovereign states, 2 b. Redress of 
 international differences, 226, 2 ab. Obli¬ 
 gations of neutral powers, 2 c. Public war, 
 227, 1 b. Conventions between belligerent 
 states, 2 c. Rights of neutrals, 228, 1 be. 
 Treaty of peace, 2 c. Arbitration, 229, 1 b. 
 Private international law, 2 a. 
 
 Lawrance, John, American statesman, X. 229. 
 Lawrence, name of ten counties, X. 229. 
 Lawrence, city of Massachusetts, X. 231. 
 City hall (ill.). 
 
 Lawrence, city of Kansas, X. 232. 
 
 Lawrence, Amos, American merchant, X. 232. 
 
 Abbott, merchant, 233, 1 b. 
 
 Lawrence, Sir Henry Montgomery, British 
 soldier, X. 233. John Laird Mair, lord, 2 c. 
 Lawrence, James, American naval officer, X. 
 
 234. Contest between the Hornet and Pea¬ 
 cock, 1 b; between the Chesapeake and 
 Shannon, 1 c. 
 
 Lawrence, Saint, X. 234. 
 
 Lawrence, Sir Thomas, English painter, X. 235. 
 Lawrence, Sir William, surgeon, X. 235. 
 Lawrence, William Beach, American jurist, X. 
 
 235. 
 
 Lawrence academy , Groton, Mass., VIII. 269,1 a. 
 Lawrenceburg, city of Indiana, X. 236. 
 Lawrenceburg , county seat, X. 230, 1 c. 
 Lawrence scientific school , at Harvard, VIII. 
 
 498, 2 b. Itsfounder,1.176, 2b ; X. 233, 2 a. 
 Lawrenceville , county seats, III. 361, 2 b; VIII. 
 
 350, 1 a; X. 230, 2 c; XI. 760, 1 b ; 786,2 a. 
 Lawson, L. M., American physician, X. 236. 
 Lawson, John, surveyor and historian, X. 236. 
 Lawsonia alba (botany), VIII. 637, 2 c. L. 
 inermis, I. 322, 2 b. 
 
 Lawyer, X. 236. Classes of lawyers in Eu¬ 
 rope, 237, 1 a. Rules regarding them in the 
 United States, 1 c. Privileges and restric¬ 
 tions, 2 be. Ethics of the legal profession, 
 238, 1 b. Women as lawyers, 1 c. 
 
 Lay , in weaving, XVI. 523, 2 a. 
 
 Lay , in mackerel fishing, X. 793, 1 c; in whale 
 fishing, XVI. 582, 1 be. 
 
 Lay'ard, Austen Henry, English archaeologist 
 and statesman, X. 238. Explorations, 2 c. 
 (Ambassador to Turkey, 1877.) 
 
LAYBACH 
 
 LEANE 
 
 453 
 
 Laybacii [U'-ba k h], town of Austria, X. 239. 
 
 Lay brothers, in religious orders, XIY. 267, 
 1 c. Lay sisters, ib. 
 
 Lay days , in maritime law, VI. 6, 1 b; XIV. 
 870, 1 be. 
 
 Layering, in horticulture, X. 239. Propaga¬ 
 tion by suckers, 240, 1 a (ill.). Tongue 
 layering, 1 b (ill.); serpentine, 2 a; “in the 
 air,” ib. ; mound, 2 be (ill.). 
 
 Lay figure , inventor of, II. 352, 1 a. 
 
 Laying machine , for rope, XIV. 425, 1 ab; 
 Woodworth’s, 2 be. 
 
 Laynez, Diego [li-naith'J, second general of 
 the Jesuits, X. 240. 
 
 Lay-out , in faro, VII. 89, 2 a. 
 
 Lay preaching, origin of, XI. 451, 1 c. 
 
 Lazaretto , origin of name, XIV. 127, 2 b. 
 
 Lazarieh [la-za-re'-eh], (Bethany), II. 593, 2 c. 
 
 Laz'arists, religious order, X. 241; XI. 731, 
 1 a. Lazarist missionaries in Abyssinia, I. 
 48, 2 a. 
 
 Lazarus, Biblical, tomb of, II. 593, 2 c. Castle 
 of (church), 594, 1 a. Patron of lepers, X. 
 362, 1 b. Orders of St. Lazarus, ib. 
 
 Lazarus , prince of Servia, I. 446, 1 a. 
 
 Lazarus, Moritz [la'-tsa-roos], German author, 
 X. 242. 
 
 Lazarus islands (Ladrones), X. 90, 1 ab. 
 
 Lazulite : see Lapis Lazuli. 
 
 Lazzari, Donato [lat'-sa-re]: see Bramante 
 d’Urbino. 
 
 Lazzaroni [lat-sa-ro'-ne], X. 242 ; XII. 139,1 c. 
 
 Le : see Leh. 
 
 Lea , a measure of yarn, X. 505, 1 b. 
 
 Lea , Sir Henry, royal patent to, I. 334, 1 c. 
 
 Lea, Isaac, American naturalist, X. 243. 
 Thomas Gibson, botanist, 2 c. Mathew 
 Carey, chemist, 244, 1 a. Henry Charles, 
 author, 1 b. 
 
 LcAcn, William Elford, English naturalist, X. 
 244. His classification of insects, VI. 660, 2 c. 
 
 Lead, metal, X. 244. Chemistry of, 245, 1 a. 
 Sugar of lead, 246, 1 ab. Lead poisoning, 
 1 be.—Ores of lead, 249, 2 ab. Lead de¬ 
 posits of Great Britain, 250, 2 a; of Spain, 
 251, 1 b; of the Mississippi valley, 2 b; of 
 Missouri, 253, 2 a; in the Atlantic states, 
 254, 1 be; in North Carolina, 255, 2 a.— 
 Metallurgical treatment, 256, 1 ab. Smelting 
 processes, 257, 2 ab. Lead furnaces, 259, 
 1 a (ills., 258); interception of lead fume, 
 1 c. Purification of furnace lead, 2 b ; po¬ 
 ling of, 2 c; analyses of some varieties of, 
 260. Cupellation, 1 a; Pattinson’s process, 
 
 261, 1 b; “poor” lead, 1 be; Parkes’s, 
 2 ab; Cordurie’s, 2 c.—Uses and manufac¬ 
 tures of lead, 262, 1 be. Sheet or milled 
 lead, 1 c; tea lead, ib. Lead pipe, 2 ab; 
 corrosion of, 249, 1 b;' tin-lined, ib. Lead 
 shot, 262, 2 be.—Alloys of, 263, 2 a.—Ar¬ 
 gentiferous lead : see Silver, XV. 50, 1 b- 
 2 c; “ rich ” lead, 2 c; pig or work lead, 
 2 a. Black lead : see Graphite. 
 
 Lead [leed], in billiards, II. 642, 1 c. String¬ 
 ing for the lead, ib. 
 
 Lead anaesthesia , X. 247, 2 b. 
 
 Leade, Jane , follower of Boehm, II. 774, 1 c. 
 
 leaded matter , in printing, XIII. 848, 1 c. 
 
 Lead encephalopathy , disease, X. 247, 2 b. 
 
 Leaders' meeting , Methodist, XI. 452, 2 c. 
 Leaders and stewards’ meeting, 456, 1 c. 
 
 Lead-off, in pugilism, XIV. 76, 1 ab. 
 
 Lead paralysis, or palsy, X. 247, 2 a. 
 
 Lead plaster, VIII. 47, 2 ab. 
 
 Leads, in printing, XIII. 848, 1 c. 
 
 Leaf, of plants, X. 264. Veins, 2 a (ills.). 
 Skeleton, 2 be. Epidermis and stomata, 
 265, 1 a (ill.). Transverse section, 1 c (ill.). 
 Forms, 2 a (ills.). Size, 266, 2 b. Duration, 
 2 c. Morphology of the leaf, 267, 1 a. Ar¬ 
 rangement, 2 a. Functions, 2 ab. Decur¬ 
 rent leaf, XV. 712, 2 c; peltate, XIII. 633,1 c. 
 
 Leaf, cake of poppy petals, XII. 647, 2 c. 
 
 Leaf, cog of pinion in wheel, IV. 699, 2 c; 
 XVI. 591, 2 a. 
 
 Leaf, in weaving, XVI. 523, 1 be. 
 
 Leaf-cutting bees, II. 459, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Leaf-green, X. 265, 1 a. 
 
 Leaf-rollers, caterpillars, IV. 107, 2 c. 
 
 League, measure of length, X. 267. 
 
 League, the, of Catholic states in Germany 
 (1609), XIV. 463, 2 ab. 
 
 League of Augsburg, X. 658, 2 b. 
 
 League of Cambrai, X. 655, 1 ab. 
 
 League of the public weal, in 1465, VI. 318, 
 2 b ; X. 653, 2 a. See Charles the Bold, 
 IV. 310, 1 ab. 
 
 League of universal brotherhood, for suppress¬ 
 ing war, III. 477, 1 b. 
 
 Leake, county, X. 267. 
 
 Leake, Sir John, English admiral, X. 268. 
 
 Leake, William Martin, author, X. 268. On 
 the topography of Athens, II. 59, 1 a, c. 
 
 Leakesville, county seat, VIII. 228, 1 a. 
 
 Leamington [lem'-ing-tun], England, X. 268. 
 
 Leamington-Priors: see Leamington. 
 
 Leander: see Hero, and XIV. 785, 2 b. 
 
 Leane, Lough, Ireland, IX. 832, 2 a. 
 
454 
 
 LEANING 
 
 LEDOYEN 
 
 Leaning tower of Pisa, III. 661, 2 a; XIII. 
 541, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Leaning towers of Bologna, III. 18, 1 a (ill.). 
 Lean-to, used for greenhouse, VIII. 231, 1 c. 
 Leap Year : see Calendar, III. 579, 1 c. 
 Lear, Tobias, American diplomatist, X. 268. 
 Learchus [le-ar'-kus], Greek sculptor, X. 268. 
 Lease, in law, X. 268. 
 
 Leather, X. 270. Among ancient and rude 
 nations, 2 a. Hides and skins, 271, 1 a; 
 sources and imports of, 1 c. Tanning ma¬ 
 terials, 272, 1 b. Use of alum, 273, 1 b; I. 
 366, l b. Tanning, X. 273, 1 be; vats, 274, 
 2 ab; sole leather roller, 275, 2 a. Belting 
 and harness leather, ib. ; upper, 2 be ; grain 
 and buff, 2 c ; japanned or patent, 276, 1 a; 
 enamelled, 1 c; alligator, 2 b ; Russia, 277, 
 
 1 a; Hungarian, I. 366, 1 b. Leather in¬ 
 dustry of the United States, X. 277, 1 b ; of 
 Great Britain, 278, 2 a; of Europe, 2 c. 
 
 Leather board , X. 275, 2 c. 
 
 Leather flower, plant, IV. 659, 2 b. 
 Leatherwood , XVI. 615, 2 ab; II. 314, 1 b. 
 Leathes, Stanley [leeths], English theologian, 
 X. 279. 
 
 EEau Qui Court [lo ke koor], former county, 
 X. 33, 1 ab. 
 
 Leavenworth [lev'-en- worth], county, X. 279. 
 Leavenworth, city of Kansas, X. 279. 
 Leavenworth, county seat, V. 465, 2 b. 
 Leavitt, Joshua [lev'-it], American journalist, 
 X. 279. 
 
 Lebade'a: see Livadia. 
 
 Le Balafre [luh ba-la-fra], name, VIII. 315, 2 c. 
 Lebanon, county, X. 280. 
 
 Lebanon, borough of Pennsylvania, X. 280. 
 Town of Tennessee, 2 ab. Of Kentucky, 
 
 2 b. Of Ohio, 2 c. Of Illinois, ib. 
 
 Lebanon, county seats, III. 82, 2b; V. 765, 
 
 2c; X. 83, 1 a; XIV. 474, 2 b. 
 
 Lebanon, mountain range of Syria, X. 281. 
 Lebanon Springs : see New Lebanon. 
 
 Lebas, Jean Baptiste Apollinaire [luh-ba], 
 French engineer, X. 281. 
 
 Le Bas, Louis Ilippolyte, architect, X. 281. 
 
 Le Bas, Philippe, archaeologist, X. 281. 
 Lebert, Hermann [la'-bert], German physi¬ 
 cian, X. 281. 
 
 Leblanc, Urbain [luli-bla ng ], French veterinary 
 surgeon, X. 281. 
 
 Lebceuf, Edmond puh-buf], general, X. 281. 
 Le Bon [lull bo ng ], alleged inventor of gas 
 lighting, VII. 635, 2 a. 
 
 Le Brai, lake of asphaltum, II. 672, 2 ab. 
 
 Le Brun, Charles [luh bru ng ], painter, X. 282. 
 Lebrun, Charles Francois, duke of Piacenza, 
 statesman, X. 282. 
 
 Lebrun, Marie Louise Elisabeth, painter, X. 282. 
 Lebrun, Pierre Antoine, poet, X. 282. 
 Lebrun, Ponce Denis Ecouchard, poet, X. 283. 
 Lecanora esculenta (botany), V. 559, 1 ab (ill.) ; 
 
 X. 411, 1 a. L. tartarea, 1 be. 
 
 Lecca gum, XII. 618, 1 b. 
 
 Lecce [let'-clia], province of Italy, X. 283. 
 
 City, 1 b. Lecce oil, 1 c. 
 
 Lech [le°h], river of Germany, X. 283. 
 Lechevalier, Jean Baptiste [luh-shuh-va-lya], 
 French archaeologist, X. 283. 
 
 Lechfeld [leTi'-felt], battle of, X. 283, 2 a. 
 Lecky, William Edward Hartpole, British 
 author, X. 283. 
 
 Le Clear, Thomas, American painter, X. 283. 
 Le Clerc, Jean [Fr. lull klair], Protestant theo¬ 
 logian, X. 284. 
 
 Leclerc, S6bastien, engraver, X. 284. Laurent 
 Josse, professor of divinity and author, 1 c. 
 Leclerc, Victor Emmanuel, general, X. 284; 
 
 XV. 826, 1 c. Referred to, III. 26, 1 a. 
 Leclerc du Tremblay, Frangois [du tra Dg -bla] : 
 
 see Joseph, Father. 
 
 Lecompte, Judge, IX. 755, 1 be. 
 
 Lecompton, township of Kansas, X. 284. Lane 
 university, 2 b. 
 
 Lecompton constitution, IX. 755, 2 c. 
 
 Le Conte, John [le kont], American naturalist, 
 X. 284. John Lawrence, naturalist, 2 c. 
 
 Le Conte, John, American physicist, X. 285. 
 
 Joseph, 1 c. Referred to, I. 176, 2 be. 
 Lecoq, Henri [luh-kuk], French naturalist, X. 
 285. 
 
 Lecouvreur, Adrienne [luh-koo-vruhr], ac¬ 
 tress, X. 285. 
 
 Le Creuzot [luh kriih-zo], France, X. 286. 
 Lectionary , in the Catholic missal, XI. 635, 2 c. 
 Lectoure [lek-toor], town of France, X. 286. 
 Lecythis ollaria (botany), III. 223, 2 c. 
 
 Leda, in Greek mythology, X. 286. 
 
 Leda clay, VI. Ill, 2 c; reason of the name, 
 112, 1 c. 
 
 Leddan, affluent of the Jordan, IX. 683, 1 c. 
 Ledebour, Karl Friedrich von [fon la'-dSli- 
 boor], German traveller, X. 286. 
 
 Ledger, in bookkeeping, III. 80, 1 c. 
 
 Ledger blade , for shearing nap, XVI. 719, 2 b. 
 Le Liable [lull de-ab’l], sobriquet: see Cham- 
 
 BURE, 
 
 Ledoyen [luh-dwa-ya ng ], disinfecting fluid of, 
 XII. 464, 2 a. 
 
LEDRU-ROLLIN 
 
 LEGATE 
 
 455 
 
 Ledru-Rollin, Alexandre Auguste [ltih-drii- 
 rul-la ng ], French politician, X. 286. (D. 1874.) 
 
 Led'yard, John, American traveller, X. 288. 
 
 Ledyard, William, soldier, X. 289. 
 
 Lee, name of eight counties, X. 289. 
 
 Lee, town of Massachusetts, X. 290. 
 
 Lee, name of a Virginia family, X. 290. Rich¬ 
 ard, cavalier, 1 be.—Richard Henry, states¬ 
 man, 2 ab. His opposition to the stamp act, 
 &c., 291, 1 ab; state papers, 292, 1 a, c; 
 resolutions in favor of independence, 2 a; 
 charges against him, 2 c; vindication, 293, 
 1 b ; private character, 2 b.—Francis Light- 
 foot, a signer of the Declaration of Indepen¬ 
 dence, 294, 1 a.—Arthur, statesman, 2 a. 
 His relations with Sir William Jones, 2 c; 
 with Dr. Franklin, 295, 1 b, 297, 1 a; diplo¬ 
 matic career, 295, 2 a; relations with John 
 and Samuel Adams, 296, 2 c; personal 
 character, 297, 2 c. 
 
 Lee, Alfred, American bishop, X. 298. 
 
 Lee, Ann, founder of the Shakers, X. 278. See 
 Shakers. 
 
 Lee, Charles, major general, X. 298. His dis¬ 
 covered treason, 300, 2 c. His conduct at 
 the battle of Monmouth, 301, 1 b; 96, 1 b. 
 Hostility to Francis Lightfoot Lee, 294, 1 c. 
 
 Lee, Charles Alfred, physician, X. 301. 
 
 Lee, Eliza Buckminster, authoress, X. 302 ; III. 
 389, 2 b. 
 
 Lee, Ezra, revolutionary soldier, X. 302. 
 
 Lee, Hannah F. (Sawyer), authoress, X. 302. 
 
 Lee, Henry, revolutionary officer, X. 302. 
 
 Lee, Jesse, preacher, X. 304. 
 
 Lee, Leroy Madison, clergyman, X. 305. 
 
 Lee, Luther, clergyman, X. 305. 
 
 Lee, Nathaniel, English dramatic poet, X. 305. 
 
 Lee, Mrs. R. Bowdich, authoress, X. 305. 
 
 Lee, Robert Edward, confederate general, X. 
 306. Seven days’ battles, 307, 1 a. Inva¬ 
 sion of Maryland, 1 b. Battle of Chancel- 
 lorsville, 1 c; of Gettysburg, ib. Campaign 
 of 1864-5, 307, 2 be. Surrender, 308, 2 b. 
 —G. W. Custis, general, 309, 1 b (president 
 of Washington and Lee university, 1871). 
 W. H. F., ib. Robert E., ib. Fitzhugh, ib. 
 
 Lee, Samuel, English scholar, X. 309. 
 
 Lee, Sophia, authoress, X. 309. Harriet, au¬ 
 thoress, 2 b. 
 
 Lee, William, Irish clergyman, X. 309. 
 
 Leech, X. 310 (ill.). Horse leech, 311, 1 b. 
 
 Leech, John, English artist, X. 311. 
 
 Leeds, county of Canada, X. 311. 
 
 Leeds , county seat, XI. 359, 1 b. 
 
 Leeds, borough of England, X. 311. Town 
 hall (ill.). 
 
 Leek, plant, X. 312 (ill.). 
 
 Lee'lanaw, county, X. 313. 
 
 Leemans, Conradus [la'-m'anss], Dutch archae¬ 
 ologist, X. 313. 
 
 Leer [lair], town of Prussia, X. 313. 
 
 Lees, Frederick Richard, English temperance 
 orator, X. 313. 
 
 Leesburg , county seats, X. 649, 2 b; XV. 470, 
 
 1 a. 
 
 Lee'ser, Isaac, American rabbi, X. 313. 
 Leesville , county seat, XVI. 321, 1 b. 
 
 Leeuwarden [la'-war-den], town of the Neth¬ 
 erlands, X. 313. 
 
 Leeuwenhoek, or Leeuwenhoeck, Antonius 
 van [la'-wen-hook], Dutch naturalist, X. 313. 
 His microscopical discoveries, 314, 1 a, ab. 
 His influence on botanical science, III. 132, 
 
 2 a. See Epizoa, VI. 696, 1 c. 
 
 Leeward Islands, West Indies, X. 314; XVI. 
 
 566, 2 a. 
 
 Lefebvre, Charlemagne Theophile [luh-faivr], 
 French traveller, X. 314. 
 
 Lefebvre , Constance Caroline, singer, VII. 95, 2 b. 
 Lefebvre, Francois Joseph, duke of Dantzic, 
 marshal, X. 314. 
 
 Lefebvre-Desnouettes, Charles, count [-da- 
 nwet], genera], X. 314. 
 
 Lefevre, Pierre [lfth-faivr’], first associate of 
 Loyola, X. 315. 
 
 Lefkosha: see Nicosia. 
 
 Le Flo, Adolphe Emmanuel Charles, French 
 soldier, X. 315. 
 
 Leflore, county, X. 315. 
 
 Lefoet, Frangois [luh-for], Russian general, 
 X. 315. 
 
 Le Fort , Robert , pseudonyme, IV. 325, 1 c. 
 Lefuel, Hector Martin [luh-fii-81], French 
 architect, X. 315. 
 
 Legacy, gift of property by will, X. 315. 
 
 “ Legal Conference : ” see “ Legal Hundred ” 
 (Index). 
 
 “ Legal Hundred' 1 ' 1 (legal conference), of the 
 Wesleyan church, III. 440, 2 ab; XVI. 558, 
 1 be. See Methodism, XT. 452, 1 c. 
 
 Legal tender , of silver coins, V. 27, 1 b; XI. 
 740, 1 a, ff. Of paper money, XI. 741, 2 ab ; 
 742, 1 a, c; 743, 2 a, flf. 
 
 Legare, Hugh Swinton [leli-gree'], American 
 statesman, X. 317. Mary Swinton Bullen. 
 artist, 318, 1 c. Legare college, ib. 
 
 Leg'ate, ambassador or lieutenant, X. 318, 
 In ancient Rome, 1 c; of the pope, 2 a. 
 
456 
 
 LEGATIONS 
 
 LELEGES 
 
 Legations , in the Papal States, X. 318, 2 b; 
 XIII. 40, 2 c. 
 
 Lega'tusd lat'ere , X. 318, 1 a; missus, ib. ; na- 
 tus, ib. 
 
 Legend , on coins or medals, XII. 535, 2 b. 
 
 Legendre, Adrien Marie [luh-zha ng dr’], French 
 mathematician, X. 318. 
 
 Leger lines , in music, XII. 78, 1 a. 
 
 Le’ges frumenta'rice (corn laws), XIII. 180, 1 c. 
 
 Leggett, William, American author, X. 319. 
 
 Leghorn, province of Italy, X. 319. City, 2 a. 
 Port of (ill.). 
 
 Leghorn plait: see Straw, XY. 413, 1 be. 
 
 Legio , ancient town, X. 353, 1 a. 
 
 Legion , Roman , I. 742, 1 b; 743, 1 a. 
 
 Legion Harry (Gen. Henry Lee), X. 304, 2 b. 
 
 Legnago [la-nya'-go], fortified town of Italy, 
 X. 320. 
 
 Legnano, town of Italy, X. 320. 
 
 Legouve, Gabriel Marie Jean Baptiste [luh- 
 goo-va], French poet, X. 320. Ernest Wil¬ 
 frid, dramatist, 2 c. 
 
 Legrand du Saulle, Henri [luh-gra ng dii sole], 
 physician, X. 321. 
 
 Legris , Jacques [luh-gre]: see Duel, VI. 295, 2 c. 
 
 Leguatia gigantea (ornithology), XI. 292, 1 b. 
 
 Legume , in plants, XIII. 590, 2 be. 
 
 Leh [la], capital of Ladakh, X. 321. Rajah’s 
 palace, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Le'high, river of Pennsylvania, X. 321. 
 
 LEniGH, county, X. 321. 
 
 Lehigh coal region , 1.553, 2 b. Lehigh coal mine 
 company, 552, 2 b; coal and navigation com¬ 
 pany, 553, 1 c. 
 
 Lehigh university , IT. 596, 1 a. 
 
 Lehmann, Charles Ernest Rodolphe Henri [la/- 
 man], French painter, X. 322. Rodolphe, 
 painter, 1 a. 
 
 Leibnitz, Gottfried Wilhelm [libe'-nits], Ger¬ 
 man philosopher, X. 322. His idea of a grand 
 theocracy, 323,1 c. His theory of the earth, 
 2a: see Geology, YII. 688, 1 ab. Contro¬ 
 versy concerning the discovery of the dif¬ 
 ferential calculus, X. 324, 1 ab; XII. 349,1 b. 
 His principal metaphysical speculations, X. 
 324, 1 c. See Moral Philosophy, XI. 811, 
 2 be, 812, 2 b; Philosophy, XIII. 430, 1 a, 
 432, 2 be, 441, 1 c. 
 
 Leibniz [Ger. lipe'-nits]: see Leibnitz. 
 
 Leicester [les'-ter], town of England, X. 325. 
 Ancient remains, 326, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Leicester, Earl of: see Dudley, Robert. 
 
 Leicester of Holktiam, Earl of: see Coke, 
 Thomas William. 
 
 Leicestershire, county of England, X. 326. 
 
 Leicester square , London, X. 620, 1 b. 
 
 Leichhardt, Ludwig [lTh'-hart], German ex¬ 
 plorer, X. 326. 
 
 Leiden : see Leyden. 
 
 Leidy, Joseph [li'-de], American naturalist, X. 
 327. 
 
 Leif [life], Norwegian legendary explorer, 
 XVI. 149, 2 be; XII. 498, 1 b. 
 
 Leigh, Benjamin Watkins [lee], American law¬ 
 yer, X. 327. 
 
 Leighton, Frederick [la'-tun], English painter, 
 X. 327. 
 
 Leighton , Dr. (Alexander), Scottish theologian, 
 Laud’s persecution of, X. 204, 2 c. 
 
 Leighton, Robert, Scottish prelate (son of Al¬ 
 exander), X. 327. 
 
 Leinster [leen'-ster], province of Ireland, X. 
 327. 
 
 Leiophyl'lum buxifo'lium , botany, XII. 113,1 a. 
 
 Leipa [li'-pa], town of Bohemia, X. 328. 
 
 Leipo'a ocella'ta (ornithology), III. 367, 2 a. 
 
 Leipsic [lipe'-sik], city of Saxony, X. 328. 
 Town hall and market place, 1 c (ill.). Uni¬ 
 versity, 2 c. Annual fairs, 329, 2 a. His¬ 
 tory, 2 ab. Battle of, 2 b; IV. 151, 2 b. 
 
 Leipzig [lipe'-tsi c h]: see Leipsic. 
 
 Leisler, Jacob [lice'-ler], American adven¬ 
 turer, X. 330. 
 
 Leith [leeth], town of Scotland, X. 321. 
 
 Leitiia [li'-ta], river of Austria, X. 331. Moun¬ 
 tains, 2 a. 
 
 Leitmeritz [lite'-mer-its], Bohemia, X. 331. 
 
 Leitomischl [li'-to-mish’l], Bohemia, X. 331. 
 
 Leitrim [le'-trim], county of Ireland, X. 331. 
 
 Lejean, Guillaume [luli-zha Kg ], FreDch trav¬ 
 eller, X. 332. 
 
 Lejeune, Henry [le-june'], English painter, X. 
 332. 
 
 Lejeune, Louis Francois [luh-zhun], French 
 general and painter, X. 332. 
 
 Le Jeune, Paul, Jesuit missionary, X. 332. 
 
 Lekain, Henri Louis Cain [luh-ka ng ], tragedian, 
 X. 332. 
 
 Lelcs , a Persian race, XIII. 318, 1 b. 
 
 “Z. E. L. see Landon, Letitia Elizabeth. 
 
 Leland, Charles Godfrey, American author, 
 X. 332. 
 
 Leland, John, English divine, X. 333. 
 
 Leland, John, eccentric American clergyman, 
 X. 333. Mammoth cheese presented to Pres¬ 
 ident Jefferson, 1 b. 
 
 Leleges [lel'-e-jeez], ancient people, X. 333; 
 XV. 231, 1 c. 
 
LELEWEL 
 
 LENZ 
 
 457 
 
 Lelewel, Joachim [lel-ev'-el], Polish historian, 
 X. 333. 
 
 Leleux, Adolphe [luh-lu.li'], French painter, 
 X. 333. Armand, 2 b. Emilie Giraud, ib. 
 
 Lely, Sir Peter, English painter, X. 333. 
 
 Lemaire, Nicolas Eloi [luh-mair], French schol¬ 
 ar, X. 334. 
 
 Lemaire, Philippe Henri, sculptor, X. 334. 
 
 Lemaitre, Frederick, actor, X. 334. (D. 1876.) 
 
 Le'man, Lake : see Geneva, Lake of. 
 
 Leman , republic of, XVI. 278, 2 ab. 
 
 Le Mans : see Mans. 
 
 Lemanus Lac us: see Geneva, Lake of. 
 
 Lemberg, capital of Galicia, X. 334. 
 
 Lemercier [luh-mair-se-a], (Remond Jules, born 
 1802), French lithographer, X. 527, 2 b. 
 
 Lemery, Nicolas [la-muh-re], chemist, X. 334. 
 Louis, 335, 1 a. Jacques (Lemery jeune), ib. 
 
 Lemhi, county, X. 335. 
 
 Lemming, animal, X. 335 (ill.). 
 
 Lemnos, island, Grecian archipelago, X. 335. 
 
 Lemoine [luh-mwan]: see Le Moyne. 
 
 Lemoine, Gustave, French dramatist, X. 336. 
 
 Lemoinne, John Emile, journalist, X. 336. 
 
 Lemon, tree and fruit, X. 336. Oil of lemons, 2 c. 
 
 Lemon, Mark, English journalist and author, 
 X. 337. 
 
 Lemon Grass, X. 337. Oil of, 1 be, 2 a. 
 
 Lemon juice: see Citric Acid, and XIV. 724,1 c. 
 
 Le Monnier, Pierre Charles [luh muh-nya], 
 French astronomer, X. 337. 
 
 Lemons, salt of, so styled, XII. 758, 1 a. 
 
 Lemo'num : see Poitiers. 
 
 Lemovices [le-mov'-e-seez], Celtic tribe, referred 
 to, X. 486, 1 b. 
 
 Le Moyne [lull mwan], Canadian family, X. 
 337. Charles, founder of the family, 2 be. 
 Charles, baron de Longueil, 2 c. Paul, sieur 
 de Maricourt, 338, 1 a. Joseph, sieur de 
 Serigny, 1 ab. Antoine, sieur de Chateau- 
 guay, 1 b. Jacques, sieur de Ste. II61ene, 
 l c. Francois, ib. Louis, ib. 
 
 Lempa, river of San Salvador, X. 338. 
 
 Lempriere, John [lem-preer'J, English scholar, 
 X. 338. 
 
 Le'mur, animal, X. 338. Genus, 339,1 b. Ring¬ 
 tailed, ib. (ill.); dwarf, 2 a; spectral, ib. (ilk). 
 
 Lemur alia, a Roman festival, X. 339, 2 c. 
 
 Lemu'res, in Roman mythology, X. 339. 
 
 Lemuria, imaginary submerged continent, VI. 
 759,2 c (chart). A Roman festival, X. 339,2 c. 
 
 Len'a, river of Siberia, X. 339. 
 
 Le'nce (Bacchantes), II. 192, 2 c. 
 
 Lenee'a, wine-press festival, II. 192, 2 a. 
 
 Lenapes [len'-a-peez]: see Delawares. 
 
 Lenau, Nikolaus [la'-now], German poet, X. 
 340. 
 
 Len'awee, county, X. 340. 
 
 Lencas, Indian tribe, X. 340. 
 
 L’Enclos, Ninon de [ne-no ng duh la Dg -ldo], 
 French woman of pleasure, X. 340. 
 
 Lenepveu, Jules Eugene [liih-na-vuk], painter, 
 X. 340. 
 
 Lenglet-Dufresnoy, abbe [la ng -gla-du-fra-nwa], 
 (Nicolas, 1674-1755, author of numerous 
 historical and critical w r orks), publication of 
 classics by, II. 302, 1 a. 
 
 Lennep, town of Prussia, X. 340. 
 
 Lennep, Jacobus van, Dutch novelist, X. 341. 
 
 Lennox : see Dumbartonshire. 
 
 Lennox, county, X. 341. 
 
 Lennox, Charlotte, English authoress, X. 341. 
 
 Lenoir [le-nore'J, county, X. 341. 
 
 Lenoir, county seat, III. 577, 1 a. 
 
 Lenoir, Charles Pelage, abbe [luh-nwur], 
 French author, X. 341. 
 
 Lenoir, Alexandre, archaeologist, X. 341. Al¬ 
 exandre Albert, architect, 342, 1 a. 
 
 Lenormand, Marie Anne Adelaide [luh-nor- 
 ma ng ], fortune teller, X. 342; III. 47, 1 c. 
 
 Lenormant, Charles [luh-nor-ma ng ], archaeolo¬ 
 gist, X. 342. Amelie, authoress, 2 a. Fran¬ 
 cois, archaeologist, 2 ab. 
 
 Len'ox, town of Massachusetts, X. 342. 
 
 Lenox, James, collection of Bibles by, II. 622, 
 1 a. Lenox library, New York, XII. 405, 2 c 
 (ill., 406). 
 
 Lens, X. 342. Forms of lenses, 2 c; Xn. 
 658, 2 b (ills.). Uses of, X. 343, 1 a: see 
 Burning Glass, Microscope, Optics, Spec¬ 
 tacles, and Telescope. Material and man¬ 
 ufacture of, X. 343, 1 b; VIII. 20, 2 a; XI. 
 513, 1 c-2 a. Imperfections in: see Aber¬ 
 ration, I. 24, 1 be; Achromatic Lens ; 
 Aplanatic Lens; and XII. 659, 2 b, 660, 1 b. 
 
 Lens [la ng ], towm of France, X. 343. 
 
 Lent, fast, X. 343. 
 
 Lentibula'ce(E (botany), XIII. 530, 1 b. 
 
 Lentil, plant and seed, X. 344 (ill.). 
 
 Len'tulus, Roman patrician family, X. 345. 
 Publius Cornelius Lentulus Sura, conspira¬ 
 tor, 1 b: see Catiline. Cornelius Cossus, 
 general, VII. 553, 1 b. 
 
 Lentulus, description of Jesus Christ ascribed 
 to, IV. 523, 2 b. 
 
 Lenz, Jakob Michael Reinhold [lents], German 
 poet, X. 345. 
 
 Lenz, sculptor, referred to, III. 450, 2 c. 
 
458 
 
 LENZUOLO 
 
 LEPIDOID 
 
 Lenzuolo, Rodrigo [len-zoo-o'-lo], (Pope Alex¬ 
 ander VI.), I. 279, 2 c. 
 
 Leo (zoology), X. 514, 2 c. 
 
 Leo, name of twelve popes, X. 345. I., Saint, 
 
 the Great, 1 c; as a writer, 200, 2 c. III., 
 Saint, 346, 1 ab. IV., Saint, 2 b: see 
 Leonine City (not Leo III.). X., Giovanni 
 de’ Medici, 2 c. Indulgences for the build- 
 
 ' ing of St. Peter’s, 348, 1 b; his character, 
 349, 1 b; patronage of art and literature, 
 1 c. XII., Annibale della Genga, 2 ab. 
 
 Leo I., Flavius, the Thracian, the Great, By¬ 
 zantine emperor, X. 349. Death penalty 
 for heretics favored by him, IX. 293, 1 be. 
 
 Leo III., the Isaurian, emperor, X. 350. Oppo¬ 
 sition to image worship, 1 c; IX. 164, 1 c. 
 
 Leo V., the Armenian, emperor, X. 350. Oppo¬ 
 sition to image worship, 2 c; IX. 164, 2 b. 
 
 Leo VI., the Philosopher, emperor, X. 351. 
 
 Leo, Andre [la-o], French novelist, X. 351. 
 
 Leo, Heinrich [la/-o], German historian, X. 351. 
 
 Leo Africanus, Moorish traveller, X. 351. 
 
 Leoben [la-o'-ben], town of Austria, X. 352. 
 Truce of, 1 ab; referred to, VII. 390, 2 a. 
 
 Leobsciiutz [la'-up-shiits], Prussia, X. 352. 
 
 Leochares [le-ok'-a-reez], Athenian sculptor, 
 X. 352. 
 
 Leo'fric, Earl, VI. 433, 1 be; V. 438, 2 a. 
 
 Leominster [lem'-ster], England, X. 352. 
 
 Leominster [lem'-in-ster], Massachusetts, X. 
 352. 
 
 Le'on, two counties, X. 352. 
 
 Leon , county seat, V. 748, 1 c. 
 
 Leon [la-oan'], kingdom of Spain, X. 352. 
 Province, 2 be. Capital city, 2 c. 
 
 Leon, city of Mexico, X. 353. 
 
 Leon, city of Nicaragua, X. 353. 
 
 Leon, Isla de : see Cadiz. 
 
 Leon, Fray Luis de, XIII. 699, 2 b (Ponce de 
 Leon) ; XV. 221, 1 a, c. 
 
 Leon, Ponce de : see Ponce de Leon. 
 
 Leo’na, county seat, X. 352, 2 b. 
 
 Leonard [len'-urd], demon, V. 795, 1 b. 
 
 Leonardo da Pisa [la-o-nar'-do da pe'-za], 
 Italian mathematician, X. 353 ; I. 301, 2 c. 
 
 Leonardo da Vinci : see Vinci. 
 
 Leonardtown, county seat, XIV. 547, 2 c. 
 
 Leoncito [la-oan-se'-to], animal, XI. 181, 2 c. 
 
 Leone Vicario (Saltillo), XIV. 581, 1 a. 
 
 Leonhard, Karl Casar von [la'-un-hart], Ger¬ 
 man geologist, X. 353. Gustav, geologist, 2 c. 
 
 Leon'idas, king of Sparta, X. 354. See 
 Thermopylae. 
 
 Leonidas (II.), king, I. 188, 1 a. 
 
 Leonine City, a part of Romt), X. 354; IX. 
 
 454, 2 ab ; XIV. 409, 2 a. 
 
 Leonore Christina, countess of Schleswig- 
 Holstein, IV. 528, 1 c. 
 
 Leonti’asis: see Elephantiasis, VI. 523, 1 b. 
 Leonti’nus , sophist, referred to, VI. 770, 2 b. 
 Leon’tius , usurper, IX. 728, 2 a. 
 
 Leontodon taraxacum (botany), V. 664, 2 a (ill.). 
 Leonu’rus cardi'aca (botany), XI. 871, 1 ab 
 (ill.). L. marrubiastrum, 1 c. 
 
 Leopard, animal, X. 354 (ill.). African hunt¬ 
 ing leopard, 2 b (ill.)* See Ocelot, XII. 
 573, 2 be. 
 
 Leopard, British ship, outrage on the frigate 
 Chesapeake by, II. 338, 1 a-c; IX. 505, 1 b. 
 Leopardi, Giacomo, count [la-o-par'-de], Italian 
 poet, X. 355. 
 
 Leopard's bane, plant, I. 757, 2 b. 
 
 Leopardus uncia (zoology), XII. 741, 2 c (ill.). 
 Leopol [la'-o-pole]: see Lembero. 
 
 Le'opold I., emperor of Germany, X. 355; 
 
 IX. 58, 1 a, 651, 2 ab; II. 144, 2 a. 
 
 Leopold II., emperor of Germany, X. 355. 
 Leopold I., king of the Belgians, X. 356 ; II. 
 
 492, 1 b. 
 
 Leopold II., king of the Belgians, X. 356. 
 Leopold II., grand duke of Tuscany, X. 356. 
 Leopold I., prince of Anhalt-Dessau, Prussian 
 general, X. 357. Leopold II., Maximilian, 2 c. 
 Leopold of Ilohenzollern: see IIohenzollern. 
 Leosthenes [le-os'-the-neez], Athenian general, 
 
 X. 357. 
 
 Leotychides [le-o-tl'-ke-deez], Spartan prince, 
 I. 186, 1 c; 187, 2 ab. 
 
 Leotychides, Spartan general, referred to, VIII. 
 
 190, 2 b ; XII. 108, 1 c. 
 
 Lepage, Marie Anne [luli-pazh]: see Boccage. 
 Lepanto, seaport town of Greece, X. 358. 
 Gulf of, 1 b. Battle of Lepanto, 1 be; IX. 
 653, 1 a; VI. 386, 2 c. 
 
 Lepas, genus of barnacles, II. 319, 1 a. 
 Lepahte, Nicole Reine Stable de Labriere, 
 madame [luh-pote], French mathematician, 
 X. 358. Jean Andr6, mechanician and clock- 
 maker, 2 c. His pin wheel escapement, IV. 
 698, 2 c. 
 
 L’Spee, C. M., abbe de: see Spee. 
 
 Lep'er: see Leprosy. Lepervillages,X.361, 2 c. 
 Leper's basin: see Ax, II. 164, 2 be. 
 
 Lepid'ium sati’vum (botany), XIII. 280, 2 c. 
 Lepidoden'dron: see Coal Plants. 
 Lepidogas'ter (ichthyology), X. 714, 1 b. L. 
 Gouani, 1 be. 
 
 Lep’idoid family, fossil reptiles, VII. 614, 2 c. 
 
LEPIDOLITE 
 
 LE SUEUR 
 
 459 
 
 Lepid’olite: see Mica, XI. 491, 1 a. 
 Lepidop'tera : see Butterfly, and Mora. 
 Lepid'opus (ichthyology), XIV. 660, 1 ab. L. 
 argyreus, ib. 
 
 Lepidosauri (scincoids), referred to, 11.723,1 c. 
 Lepidosiren, a paradoxical animal, X. 359 (ill.). 
 Lepidos'teus (ichthyology), VII. 621, 1 b. L. 
 osseus, 2 c (ill., 622). L. ferox, 622, 1 b, 
 2 ab. Referred to, 614, 2 ab. 
 
 Lepido'tas (fossil ichthyology), VII. 615, 2 a. 
 Lep'idus, Roman family, X. 360. M. EEmilius, 
 2 a. M. HSmilius Porcina, ib. M. HKmilius, 
 2 ab. M. iEmilius, triumvir, 2 b. 
 
 Le Play, Pierre Guillaume Frederic [luh pla], 
 French author, X. 361. 
 
 Le PoiTTEViisr, Edmond Modeste Eugene [luh 
 pwat-va ng ], painter, X. 361. 
 
 Lepra, disease, X. 361. 
 
 Le Prieure [lull pre-uh-ra]: see Chamouni, 
 IV. 246, 1 be. 
 
 Lep'rosy, disease, X. 361. See Elephantiasis, 
 VI. 523, 1 ab. 
 
 Lepsina : see Eleusis. 
 
 Lepsius, Karl Richard [lep'-se-oos], German 
 Egyptologist, X. 362; VI. 476, 1 c. 
 Leptop'tilus (ornithology), XI. 141, 2 a. L. 
 
 argala, ib. L. marabou, 142, 1 a (ill., 141). 
 Lep'tothrix bucca'lis , vegetable parasite, VI. 
 
 689, 1 ab (ill.) ; VII. 145, 2 be. 
 
 Leptus autumnalis (epizoa), VI. 695, 2 b (ill.). 
 Lepus (zoology), VIII. 455, 2 c; 456, 1 ab. 
 L. timidus, 1 c (ill.). L. Americanus, 457, 
 
 1 be (ill.). Other species. L. cuniculus, 
 XIV. 158, 2 c (ill., 159). L. sylvaticus, 159, 
 
 2 b (ill.). L. artemisia, 160, 1 b. L. callo- 
 tis, ib. 
 
 Lequesne, Eugene Louis [luh-kain], French 
 sculptor, X. 363. 
 
 Lerdo de Tejada: see Tejada. 
 
 Lerida [la/-re-£/ia], province of Spain, X. 363. 
 
 Capital city, 2 b. 
 
 Leri'na: see Lerins, Islands of. 
 
 Ljerins [la-ra ng ], Islands of, France, X. 363. 
 Ler'montoff, Mikhail, Russian poet, X. 364. 
 Lernce'a elonga'ta , parasitic crustacean, XIV. 
 829, 2 c. 
 
 Lernce'an hydra , VIII. 679, 1 c. 
 
 Lero [la'-ro], island of Greece, X. 364. 
 
 Leros : see Lero. 
 
 Lerot: see Dormouse, VI. 216, 2 a. 
 
 Leroux, Pierre [luh-roo], French socialist, X. 
 364. 
 
 Leroy d’Etiolles, Jean Jacques Joseph [luh- 
 rwa da-te-ul], surgeon, X. 365. 
 
 Leroy de Saint-Arnaud, Jacques Acliille [dhh 
 sa ng -tar-no], soldier, X. 365. 
 
 Lerwick [ler'-ik], Shetland islands, X. 365. 
 
 Le Sage, Alain Rene [luh sazh], French author, 
 X. 365. Accused of plagiarism by Voltaire, 
 
 366, lb; VI. 729, 1 a. 
 
 Lesbos : see Mytilene. 
 
 Lescarbot, Marc [la-skar-bo], French historian, 
 X. 366. 
 
 Les Cayes [la ka], plain of, VIII. 548, 2 c. 
 Lesche [les'-ke], hall in Delphi, XII. 794, 2 a. 
 Lesdiguieres [la-de-gyair], (Francois de Bonne, 
 duke de, 1543-1626, marshal of France), Cal- 
 vinistic* leader, converted by Francis de 
 Sales, VII. 425, 1 b. 
 
 LESGniANS, people of the Caucasus, X. 366 ; 
 V. 631, 2 b. 
 
 Lesley, John, Scottish prelate, X. 367. 
 
 Lesley, John Peter, American geologist, X. 
 
 367. His services to geology : see Moun¬ 
 tain, XII. 9, 1 b. 
 
 Leslie, Charles Robert, English painter, X. 
 367. George Dunlop, painter, 368, 1 b. 
 Eliza, American authoress, 1 be. 
 
 Leslie, Henry, English composer, X. 368. 
 
 “ Henry Leslie’s choir,” 2 b. 
 
 Leslie, John, British prelate, X. 368. Charles, 
 theological author, 2 c. 
 
 Leslie, Sir John, mathematician, X. 369. 
 Lespedeza striata (botany), IX. 565, 2 a; XIII. 
 594, 1 a. 
 
 Lespinasse, Julie Jeanne Eleonore de [la-spe- 
 nas], French lady, X. 369. 
 
 Lesseps, Ferdinand de, viscount [Ia-seps], di¬ 
 plomatist, X. 369. Suez canal, 370, 1 b. 
 Lesser Dardanelles , two castles, V. 685, 1 b. 
 Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim, German author, X. 
 370. His relation to German literature, VII. 
 766, 2 b. Occasion of his comments on dra¬ 
 matic art, I. 66, 2 c. 
 
 Lessing, Karl Friedrich, painter, X. 371. 
 Lesson [la-so ng ], (Rene Primevere, 1794-1849, 
 naturalist to Duperrey’s expedition and chief 
 pharmacist of the French navy), his classifi¬ 
 cation of the human race, VI. 754, 1 b; of 
 birds, XII. 706, 1 ab. 
 
 Lessonia fucescens (botany), VII. 515, 2 a. 
 Lester, Charles Edwards, American author, X. 
 372. 
 
 Lestocq, Jean Herman [les-tok'], physician 
 and favorite of Elizabeth of Russia, X. 372. 
 L’Estrange, Sir Roger [les-trainj'J, English 
 author, X. 372. 
 
 Le Sueur [le soo'-er], county, X. 373. 
 
460 
 
 LE SUEUR 
 
 LEWALD 
 
 Le Sueur, county seat, X. 373, 1 a. 
 
 Lesueur, Eustache [lull sii-ur], French paint¬ 
 er, X. 373. 
 
 Lesueur, Jean Baptiste Cic6ron, architect, X. 
 373. 
 
 Le Sueur, Jean Frangois, composer, X. 373. 
 
 Leszczynski [lesh-chin'-ske]: see Stanislas I. 
 
 Letcher, county, X. 373. 
 
 Le'the, in Greek mythology, X. 373. 
 
 Lethe'on, an anaesthetic, I. 453, 2 b. 
 
 Leto : see Latona. 
 
 Letronne, Antoine Jean [luh-trun], French 
 archaeologist, X. 373. 
 
 Letter of Marque : see Privateer. 
 
 Lettic Race, X. 374. 
 
 Lettres de Cachet : see Cachet, and VIII. 
 364, 2 a. 
 
 Lettuce, plant, X. .374 (ills.). Disease of, XIII. 
 772, 1 c. 
 
 Lettuce opium , X. 375, 1 b. 
 
 Leu, August Wilhelm [loi], German painter, 
 X. 375. 
 
 Leucadia, or Leucas: see Santa Maura. 
 
 Leuchtenberg [loi c h'-ten-bairg], principality of 
 Bavaria, X. 375. Duke of, 2 b; II. 426, 1 c, 
 2 c. 
 
 Leucip'pus, Greek philosopher, X. 375; XIII. 
 437, 2 a. 
 
 Leuciscus (ichthyology), V. 628, 1 c. L. cro- 
 ceus, 2 a. L. Americanus, 629, 1 a. L. 
 compressus, ib. L. cephalus, IV. 564, 2 c 
 (ill., 565). L. phoxinus, XI. 613, 1 c. L. 
 rutilus, XIV. 351, 2 be (ill.). 
 
 Leuckart, Karl Georg Friedrich Rudolph [loik'- 
 kart], German zoologist, X. 376. His classi¬ 
 fication of mollusca, XI. 50, 2 b. Experi¬ 
 ments on the embryos of entozoa, VI. 664, 
 2 a; 665, 1 a. 
 
 Leucocythce'mia , disease, discovery of, II. 531, 
 1 ab. 
 
 Leucoium ver'num [lu-ko'-yum], (botany), XV. 
 137, 2 c (ill., 138). 
 
 Leu'colytes , in mineralogy, XI. 590, 1 c. 
 
 Leuco'ma , in ophthalmia, XII. 645, 2 c. 
 
 Leu’ cophrys : see Tenedos. 
 
 Leucop'yrite , in mineralogy, XIV. 109, 2 a. 
 
 Leucosia: see Nicosia, and Samothrace. 
 
 Leucothea [lu-ko'-the-a]: see Ino. 
 
 Leuctra [luke'-tra], village of Boeotia, X. 376. 
 Battle of, VI. 675, 1 c. 
 
 Leuk [loik], town of Switzerland, X. 376. 
 
 LeuLerbad , hot springs of, X. 376, 1 b. 
 
 Leuret, Frangois [luh-ra], French anatomist, 
 X. 376. 
 
 Leuthen [loi'-ten], village of Prussia, X. 376. 
 Battle of, VII. 457, 1 ab. 
 
 LEUTsenAu [loit'-show], city of Hungary, X. 376. 
 
 Leutze, Emanuel [loit'-seh], American painter, 
 X. 376. 
 
 Leuven[ luh'-ven]: see Louvain. 
 
 Levadia : see Livadia. 
 
 Le Vaillant, Frangois [luh va-ya ng ], French 
 traveller, X. 377. 
 
 Levant', X. 377; II. 16, 2 a. 
 
 ■ Leva'tor pala'ti (anatomy), XII. 817, 2 b. 
 
 Levee of the Loire [luh-va], dike, VII. 367, 2 ab. 
 
 Lev'ees of Louisiana, X. 669, 2 b. 
 
 Level, in mining, XI. 572, 1 a. 
 
 Levellers, in Cromwell’s army, V. 504, 2 a. 
 
 LfivEQUE, Jean Charles [la-vaik], French phi¬ 
 losopher, X. 377. 
 
 Le'ver: see Mechanics, XI. 316, 1 ab, b, c, 
 2 b; 317, 1 c; 326, 1 c, ff. (ills., 326-328). 
 Lever of a watch escapement, IV. 701, 1 b; 
 rack and pinion lever, ib. (ill.) ; detached 
 lever escapement, 1 c (ill.); train of wheels 
 in a detached lever, 703, 2 be (ill., 704). 
 
 Lever, Charles James, Irish novelist, X. 377. 
 
 Lev'erett, Frederick Percival, American schol¬ 
 ar, X. 378. 
 
 Leverett, Sir John, governor of Massachusetts, 
 X. 378. 
 
 Leverrier, Urbain Jean Joseph [luh-vair-ya], 
 French astronomer, X. 378. Discovery of 
 the planet Neptune, 2 b. (Died 1877.) 
 
 Le Vert, Octavia Walton, American authoress, 
 X. 379. (Died 1877.) 
 
 Leveson-Gower, Lord Francis: see Ellesmere, 
 VI. 342, 2 c. 
 
 Levi, Hebrew patriarch, X. 380. 
 
 Levi, Leone, British author, X. 380. 
 
 Levi'athan, marine animal, X. 380. 
 
 Le vieux diable [luh vyuh de-ab’l], nickname, 
 II. 756, 2 ab. 
 
 Levin, Rahel [la-veen']: see Varnhagen von 
 Ense, XVI. 267, 2 ab. 
 
 Levis [la-ve], county of Canada, X. 380. Town, 
 1 c; XIV. 140, 2 b. 
 
 Levita, Elias: see Elias Levita. 
 
 Levitation, in spiritualism, VIII. 777, 2 c. 
 
 Levites, Hebrew tribe, X. 380. 
 
 Leviticus, book of the Bible, X. 380. 
 
 Levsina : see Eleusis. 
 
 Levy [le'-ve], county, X. 380. 
 
 LtvY, Emile [la-ve], French painter, X. 380. 
 
 Levyville, county seat, X. 380, 2 c. 
 
 Lewald, Johann Karl August [la'-vMt], Ger¬ 
 man author, X. 381. Fanny, authoress, 1 b. 
 
LEWES 
 
 LIBER 
 
 4G1 
 
 Lewes [lu'-is], borough of England, X. 381. 
 Lewes, George Henry, English author, X. 381. 
 See Philosophy, XIII. 430, 1 b, 447, 1 a. 
 Marian Evans, authoress, X. 382, 1 b. 
 Lew'in, Thomas, English author, X. 382. 
 Lewis, in mechanics, X. 382. Use of in con¬ 
 structing the Eddystone lighthouse, 459, 2 ab. 
 Lewis, name of six counties, X. 382. 
 
 Lewis , county seat, IV. 59, 1 c. 
 
 Lewis, name of four brothers distinguished in 
 the revolution, X. 383. Andrew, general, 
 2 b. Thomas, statesman, 384, 1 a. William, 
 colonel, 1 b. Charles, colonel, ib. 
 
 Lewis, Dio, American physician, X. 384. 
 Lewis, Enoch, mathematician, X. 384. 
 
 Lewis, Estelle Anna Blanche, authoress, X. 384. 
 Lewis, Francis, revolutionist, X. 384. 
 
 Lewis, Sir George Cornewall, English states¬ 
 man, X. 385. 
 
 Lewis, John Frederick, painter, X. 385. (Died 
 1876.) 
 
 Lewis, Matthew Gregory, author, X. 385. 
 Lewis, Meriwether, American explorer, X. 386. 
 Lewis, Morgan, soldier, X. 386. 
 
 Lewis, Tayler, scholar, X. 386. (Died 1877.) 
 Lewis and Clarke, county, X. 387. 
 
 Lewis and Clarice's expedition , X. 386, 1 b ; 
 IX. 594, 2 c. 
 
 Lewis fork: see Snake River. 
 
 Lewisburg, borough of Pennsylvania, X. 387. 
 University, 2 be. 
 
 Lewisburg , county seats, Y. 293, 2 a; VIII. 
 
 226, 2 c; XI. 198, 2 b. 
 
 Lewisia, plant, X. 387 (ill.). 
 
 Lewis River: see Snake River. 
 
 Lewiston, city of Maine, X. 387. Bates col¬ 
 lege, 388, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Lewiston, town of New York, X. 388. 
 Lewiston , county seat, XII. 416, 1 b. 
 
 Lewistown , county seats, VII. 525, 1 b; X. 720, 
 2 a; XI. 528, 2 a. 
 
 Lewisville , county seat, X. 93, 1 c. 
 
 Lex fori , X. 390, 2 be; 391, 1 ab. 
 
 Tjexiarchic register , of Athens, XII. 160, 2 a. 
 Lexicon: see Dictionary, VI. 92, 2 c. 
 Lexington, county, X. 388. 
 
 Lexington, town of Massachusetts, X. 389. 
 Battle of, 1 ab. Monument, 2 be (ill.). See 
 Lexington, Ivy., 390, 2 a. 
 
 Lexington, town of Virginia, X. 389. 
 Lexington, city of Kentucky, X. 390. State 
 university, 1 be (ill., college of arts). 
 Lexington, town of Missouri, X. 390. 
 Lexington , county seats, V. 707, 2 a; VIII. 
 
 635, 1 c; 770, 1 be; XII. 589, 1 b; XIV. 
 606, 1 b; 706, 2 c. 
 
 Lexington C. II., county seat, X. 389, 1 a. 
 
 Lex Julia et Papia Poppcea, in Roman juris¬ 
 prudence, XIII. 169, 2 a. 
 
 Lex Loci, X. 390. 
 
 Lex rei sites , X. 391, 1 a. 
 
 Lex Pipuariorum, Frankish code, VII. 443, 1 b. 
 See Code, V. 7, 2 c. 
 
 Lex SaVica, Frankish code, VII. 443, 1 b. See 
 Code, V. 7, 2 a. 
 
 Lex talionis, of Rome, III. 755, 1 b. 
 
 Leyden [ll'-den], city of the Netherlands, X. 392. 
 Town hall, 1 c (ill.). University, 2 a. Siege 
 of, 393, 1 a. 
 
 Leyden, John pa'-], Scottish author, X. 393. 
 
 Leyden, Lucas van, Dutch painter, X. 393. 
 
 Leyden Jar: see Electricity, VI. 509, 2 ab 
 (ill.). Leyden battery, 510, 1 a. Residual 
 charge, 1 c. Electrical discharges from: 
 see Magneto-Electricity, XI. 17, 1 a. First 
 to explain, I. 323, 2 c. 
 
 Leys, Jean Auguste Henri [Flem. lice; Fr. la], 
 Belgian painter, X. 393. 
 
 Lha-ssa : see Lassa. 
 
 L’Hopital, Michel de Po-pe-tal], French states¬ 
 man, X. 393. 
 
 L'Hopital- Vitry , marshal of France, 1.470, 1 a. 
 
 VHospital: see L’II6 pital. 
 
 Liability , limited: see Limited Liability. In 
 solido, XIV. 869, 1 b. Of common carriers, 
 V. 145, lb. Of a husband, IX. 86, 1 be, 
 ff. Of masters and servants, XI. 264, 2 c. 
 
 Liaotung Pe-ow-tung']: see Siiinking. 
 
 Lias, in geology, X. 394. 
 
 Li'atris odoratis'sima (botany), XVI. 261, 2 c. 
 
 Libanius, Greek sophist and rhetorician, X. 
 394. See Chrysostom, IV. 562, 1 a. 
 
 Lib'anus, Mount: see Lebanon. 
 
 Libavius: see Chemistry, IV. 359, 1 c. His 
 fuming liquor, ib. 
 
 Libau pe'-bow], seaport of Russia, X. 394. 
 
 Libel, in law, X. 394. Punishment of, 395, 
 1 b. Defence against action for, 2 a, b, 396, 
 1 c; VIII. 419, 2 ab ; XIV. 154, 2 be. Fox’s 
 libel act, X. 395, 2 b. Privileged publica¬ 
 tions, 396,1 a.—Libel in a suit in admiralty, 2 a. 
 
 Libellat'ici , apostates, V. 615, 1 b. 
 
 Libellula (entomology), VI. 240, 1 a. L. gran- 
 dis, 1 ab. L. trimaculata (ill.), 239. 
 
 Libelt, Karol Pe'-belt], Polish author, X. 396. 
 (Died 1877.) 
 
 Liber: see Bacchus, II. 193, 1 c. 
 
 Liber , of bark, II. 313, 2 be; XIII. 579, 2 a, if. 
 
462 
 
 LIBERALIA 
 
 LIEGNITZ 
 
 Liberalia, festival of Liber, II. 193, 1 a. 
 
 Liberals: see Whig and Tory, XVI. 59G, 1 a. 
 
 Liberia, republic of, X. 397; I. 170, 1 b. 
 
 Liberius, saint and pope, X. 399. 
 
 Lib'erti, liberti'ni: see Freedmen. 
 
 Libertines [lib'-er-tins], party in Geneva, III. 
 633, 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 Liberties, XIII. 169, 1 c. See Freedmen. 
 
 Liberty, three counties, X. 400. 
 
 Liberty, town of Missouri, X. 401. 
 
 Liberty , county seats, I. 426, 1 a; 11.447, 2 c; 
 IV. 53, 2 a; X. 401, 1 a; XVI. 112, 2 b. 
 
 Liberty, 'personal, in France and England, com¬ 
 pared, VIII. 364, 1 c. 
 
 Liberty bell, Philadelphia, II. 497, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Liberty cap, VIII. 509, 2 b. 
 
 Liberty party, in American politics, II. 660, 
 2 c; XV. 100, 1 c; XVI. 169, 2 a. 
 
 Liberty of the press, foundation of in England: 
 see Erskine, VI. 720, 1 be. 
 
 Liberum tenementum: see Estate, VI. 738,1 a. 
 
 Liberum veto: see Poland, XIII. 646, 2 b, 
 647, 2 b. 
 
 Libinia canaliculata (crustacea), V. 450, 2 a; 
 XV. 266, 2 c. 
 
 Libitinarii, Roman undertakers, III. 453, 1 a. 
 
 Libocedrus (botany), X. 401. L. decurrens, 
 2 a (ill.); III. 606, 1 c. 
 
 Libottrne [le-boorn], town of France, X. 401. 
 
 Libra , Roman coin, XI. 738, 1 a. 
 
 Library, X. 401. Ancient libraries, 2 c; me¬ 
 diaeval, 402, 2 b. European public libraries, 
 403,1 a (table). Libraries in the United States, 
 404, 2 b; table, 405.—Boston free public 
 library, founding of, II. 382, 1 b. Destruc¬ 
 tion of the library of St. Sophia, Constan¬ 
 tinople, X. 350, 2 a. Of the public library 
 of Constantinople, 402, 1 c; II. 364, 1 c; 
 III. 514, 1 ab. Of the Alexandrian library, 
 I. 291, 2 be, c. 
 
 Libration: see Moon, XL 799, 2 a. 
 
 Libri-Carrucci della Sommaia, Guillaume 
 Brutus Icile Timoleon, count [le'-bre-kar- 
 root'-che], French mathematician, X. 405. 
 
 Liburnce, ancient galleys, X. 406, 1 a. 
 
 Liburnia, district of ancient Ulyricum, X. 405. 
 
 Libya, in ancient geography, X. 406. Libya 
 Exterior, 1 a. Upper, V. 617, 2 ab. 
 
 Libyan Desert, Africa, X. 406; I. 165, 1 c. 
 
 Libyans, peoples of X. Africa, X. 406. 
 
 Libyan Sea, X. 406. 
 
 Libyo-Phoenician race, XIII. 453, 2 b ; 456, 2 b. 
 
 Licata [le-ka'-ta], seaport of Sicily, X. 407. 
 
 License, in law, X. 407. 
 
 Licentiates, Congregational, V. 243, 1 c. 
 
 Lichanotus brevicaudatus (zoology), X. 339, 1 a. 
 
 Lichens [li'-kens], X. 408 (ills.). How distin¬ 
 guished from fungi, VII. 529, 1 c. 
 
 Lichfield, city of England, X. 411. Cathe¬ 
 dral, 2 b (ill., 412). 
 
 Lichtenberg, Georg Christoph [li c h'-ten-bairg], 
 German physicist, X. 412. 
 
 Lichtenstein, Martin Heinrich Karl [lbh'-ten- 
 stine], German naturalist, X. 412. 
 
 Licinian rogations, XIV. 404,1 b; XIII. 609,1 b. 
 
 Licinianus , palimpsest of annals of, XI. 132, 2 b. 
 
 Lick, salt spring, XIV. 577, 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 Lick, James, American philanthropist, X. 412. 
 Referred to, XIV. 603, 1 c. (Died 1876.) 
 
 Licking, county, X. 412. 
 
 Licking, river, Kentucky, X. 413. Ohio, 1 b. 
 
 Licorice [lik'-o-ris]: see Liquorice. 
 
 Lictors, Roman officers, X. 413. 
 
 Licuala acutifida (botany), XIII. 21, 1 a. 
 
 Licus, river: see Lech. 
 
 Liddell, Henry George, English scholar, X. 413. 
 
 Liddon, Henry Parry, clergyman, X. 413. 
 
 Lidericus, river: see Loir. 
 
 Lieber, Francis [le'-ber], American publicist, 
 X. 413. Oscar Montgomery, author, 414, 2 a. 
 
 Lieberkuhn [le'-ber-kiihn], (Johann Nathaniel, 
 1711—’56, physician and instrument maker 
 of Berlin), follicles of, IX. 324, 1 a. See 
 Microscope, XI. 513,1 c; 514, 2 a; 521,1 be. 
 
 Liebfrauenmilch [leep'-frow-en-miPh], wine, 
 VII. 774, 2 c. Origin of the name, XVI. 
 729, 2 c. 
 
 Liebhard, Joachim [leep'-liart]: see Camera- 
 rius. 
 
 Liebig, Justus von [le'-bi c h], German chemist, 
 X. 414. His investigations and discoveries 
 in chemistry, IV. 368, 1 be; in agricultural 
 chemistry, I. 200, 1 a. Silver coating of 
 glass by, XI. 633, 2 a. Observations on fer¬ 
 mentation, VII. 143, 2 a, 145, 1 be. His 
 condenser, VI. 141, 1 c. Referred to, VII. 
 39, 1 ab. 
 
 Liechtenstein [lee c h'-ten-stine], German prin¬ 
 cipality, X. 416. Princes of, 1 be. Princess 
 Marie (Mary Fox), ib .; VII. 361, 1 b; VIII. 
 776, 2 a. 
 
 Liedertafel . rie'-der-ta-fell, musical society, 
 XVI. 810, 1 b. 
 
 Liege [lyaizh], province of Belgium, X. 416. 
 Capital city, 2 a. Palais de justice, 2 be 
 (ill., 417). History, 417, 2 a. 
 
 Liegnitz [leeg'-nits], town of Prussia, X. 417 
 (view in, 418). Princess of, 418, 1 be. 
 
LlfiGEOISE 
 
 LIGXONE 
 
 463 
 
 “ Liegeoise , the handsome ” [lya-zhwaz], XV. 
 701, 1 ab. 
 
 Lien, in law, X. 418. See Sale, and Stoppage 
 in Transitu. 
 
 Lier [leer]: see Lierre. 
 
 Lierre [lyair], town of Belgium, X. 419. 
 Liestal [leece'-tal], town of Switzerland, X. 419. 
 Lieutenant, title, X. 419. Lieutenant gen¬ 
 eral, 2 b. Lieutenant general du royaume, 
 in France, 2 be. Lord lieutenant, in Eng¬ 
 land, 2 c; of Ireland, ib. 
 
 Lieven, Dorothea [le'-ven], princess of, Rus¬ 
 sian diplomatist, X. 420. Christoph, prince, 
 ib. ; I. 284, 1 b. 
 
 Life , theories of: see Physiology, XIII. 484, 
 
 1 b. Periods of human life, I. 180, 2 b, c. 
 Average length of, 181, 2 c. 
 
 Life annuity , I. 534, 2 b ; joint, ib. 
 
 Life belt , X. 424, 1 ab (ill.). 
 
 Life Boat, X. 420. English, 1 c, ff. (ills.). 
 American, 421, 2 c (ills.). Life-saving ap¬ 
 paratus, 422, 1 a (ills.). Life-saving service, 
 423, 1 a. Life-saving stations, 2 a (ill.). 
 Life preservers, 424, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Life car , X. 422, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Life contingencies , doctrine of probabilities 
 first applied to, X. 424, 2 c; 425, 1 c. 
 
 Life Insurance, X. 424. History of, in Eng¬ 
 land, 2 c; in America, 427, 1 c. State 
 supervision of, 428, 1 b. Elements of, 429, 
 
 1 c. Actuaries’ table, 2 ab. Measure of a 
 member’s interest in the company, 433, 1 c. 
 Use of the insurance fund, 2 c. Various 
 kinds of policies, 434, 1 c. 
 
 Life Preserver : see Life Boat, X. 424, 1 a. 
 Life saving: see Life Boat (Index). 
 
 Liger , river : see Loire. 
 
 Light, X. 435. Emission or corpuscular theory, 
 
 1 b; tested by experiments, 436, 2 c ; reflec¬ 
 tion and refraction explained by, 439, 1 ab. 
 —Undulatory theory, 435, 1 be; 439, 1 b ; 
 
 440, 1 c; VI. 82, 2 a, 746, 1 be; IX. 98, 
 
 2 c; XII. 347, 1 ab.—Velocity of light, X. 
 437, 1 b; Roemer’s observations, 1 be (ill.). 
 Intensity, 2 c (ill., 438) ; relative intensity 
 of two lights, XIII. 474, 1 b. Absorption 
 and emission, X. 438, 1 b. Reflection and 
 refraction, 1 c (ills., 439). Dispersion, 440, 
 
 1 a; solar spectrum, ib. (ill.), and XII. 659, 
 
 2 c. Double refraction, X. 441, 1 c (ills., 
 
 441, 442). Interference, 442, 1 c; XV. 
 241, 2 a. Diffraction, X. 442, 2 b (ill.); 
 fringes of light, 443, 1 ab. Diffraction spec¬ 
 trum, 444, 1 a. Colors of thin plates, Xew- [ 
 
 ton’s rings, 1 b (ill.).—Polarization of light, 
 445, 1 b (ills., 445, 446): see Color, V. 96, 
 2 b. Effect of magnetism on a polarized 
 beam of light, XI. 7, 1 c. Polarizing ap¬ 
 paratus, X. 446, 2 be (ills., 446, 447). Ellip¬ 
 tic and circular polarization, interference of 
 polarized light, 447, 2 a; Fresnel’s rhomb, 
 2 be (ill.). Colored rings, 448, 2 c (ills., 449). 
 Rotation of plane of polarization, 449, 2 c 
 (ills., 451, 452). Polarization of heat, 452, 
 2 b.—Chemical action of light, 2 be ; I. 158, 
 2 c: see Photometry, and Photography. 
 Photogenic power of, how preserved, VII. 
 290, 2 c.—Measurement of wave lengths of 
 rays of light, XV. 240, 1 be. Identity of 
 light and heat, VIII. 569, 2 ab; 572, 1 a. 
 
 Light, Aberration of : see Aberration. Dis¬ 
 covered, III. 181, 1 c. 
 
 Light, Zodiacal: see Zodiacal Light. 
 
 LiGnTFOOT, John, rabbinical scholar, X. 453. 
 
 Ligiitfoot, Joseph Barber, clergyman and 
 scholar, X. 453. 
 
 “ Light Horse Harry f sobriquet, X. 304, 2 b. 
 
 Lighthouse, X. 453. Materials and mode of 
 construction, 2 a. Method of illumination, 
 454, 2 a (ills., 456, 457). Auxiliary safe¬ 
 guards to navigation, 457, 2 b. History and 
 
 . statistics, 458, 2 a. Cordouan lighthouse, 2 b. 
 Eddy stone lighthouse, 459, 1 b (ill.) ; VI. 
 400, 1 c (ill.). Bell Rock, X. 460, 1 a (ill.). 
 Skerryvore, 1 c (ill.). Lighthouse of the 
 Great Isaac’s rocks, 461, 1 b; of Minot’s 
 ledge, 1 c. History of lighthouses in the 
 United States, 2 c; regulation of, 462, 2 c. 
 In Europe, 2 a. 
 
 Lightning, X. 463. Franklin’s observations 
 and experiments, ’2 b. His method of pro¬ 
 tecting buildings, 465, 1 c. Romas’s electri-* 
 cal kite, 464, 1 c. Electrical state of the 
 atmosphere, 2 b. Construction of protect¬ 
 ing rods, 465, 2 b; efficacy of, 466, 2 b. 
 
 Lightning rod , invention of, X. 465, 1 c; cop¬ 
 per, 2 b. As known to the ancients, ib. 
 
 Light vessels: see Lighthouse, X. 457, 2 b. 
 
 Ligier, Pierre [le-zhe-a], French actor, X. 467 
 
 Lign aloes [line], I. 347, 1 b. 
 
 Ligne, Charles Joseph, prince de [dull leeny’], 
 Austrian general, X. 467. Eugene Lamoral, 
 prince de, Belgian statesman, 1 c. 
 
 Lignine [lig'-nin], woody tissue, VII. 515, 2 c; 
 XVI. 703, 2 b. 
 
 Lignireose , in wood cells, XVI. 703, 2 b. 
 
 Lignite : see Brown Coal, III. 344, 1 c. 
 
 Lignone , substance in wood cells, XVI. 703, 2 b. 
 
464 
 
 LIGNOSE 
 
 LIMOUSIN 
 
 Lignose , substance in wood cells, XVI. 703, 2 b. 
 Lignum rhodium , XIV. 441, 1 b. 
 
 Lignum Vhle : see Guaiacum, and XV. 796,1 c. 
 Ligny [le-nye], village of Belgium, X. 467. 
 
 Battle of, ib ., and VII. 270, 1 a. 
 
 Lig'ule , in grasses, VIII. 166, 1 ab. 
 
 Liguori, Alfonso Maria da [le-gwo'-re], saint, 
 X. 467; XI. 731, 1 c. 
 
 Liguorians: see Eedemptorists. 
 
 Ligu'res , an ancient people of Italy, IX. 438, 
 2 c; X. 468, 1 a. 
 
 Liguria, in ancient geography, X. 467. 
 Ligurian republic , IX. 451, 1 ab. 
 
 Ligurians: see Liguria, and IX. 439, 1 a. 
 Ligurian sea , XI. 353, 2 c. 
 
 Ligustrum vulgare (botany), XIV. 18, 2 c (ill.). 
 Ligyes [lij'-e-eez], ancient Italic race, X. 468, 
 
 1 a. 
 
 Liholiho [le-ho-le'-ho], Hawaiian king, IX. 
 
 738, 2 b. Alexander, 739, 1 ab. 
 
 Lij Kasa (King Theodore), king of Abyssinia, 
 I. 46, 2 b. 
 
 Li'lac, shrub, X, 468 (ill.). Lilac color, 2 a. 
 
 So-called French lilac, XIII. 450, 1 c. 
 Lilburne, John, English agitator, X. 469. 
 Lilith [le'-lith], Adam’s wife, in Talmudic 
 stories, V. 794, 2 a. Lilith or Lilis, in the 
 middle ages, ib. 
 
 Lilium (botany), X. 471, 1 b. L. longiflorum, 
 
 471, 2 c (ilk). L. auratum, 472, 1 c (ill.). 
 Other species. 
 
 Lille [leel], city of France, X. 469. 
 
 Lille, Count de (Louis XVIII.), II. 695, 2 b. 
 Lillebonne [leel-bim], city of France, X. 470. 
 
 Mediaeval and Roman remains, 1 b. 
 
 Lillers [le-ya], town of France, X. 470. 
 
 “ Lillibulerof ballad, author of, XVI. 584, 2 c. 
 Lillo, George, English dramatist, X. 470. 
 Lilly, John, author, X. 470. 
 
 Lilly, William, astrologer, X. 470. 
 
 Lily, plant, X. 471. Native species, 1 c; ex¬ 
 otic, 2 b (ill., long-flowered). Japan lilies, 
 
 472, 1 b (ill., golden-banded). Cultivation, 
 
 2 b (ills., bulb and scale). African and day 
 lily, 473, 1 b. See Call a, and Water Lily. 
 
 Lily, William, English grammarian, X. 473. 
 Lilyb-e'um : see Marsala. 
 
 Lilybceum Promontorium , III. 740, 2 c. 
 
 Lily of TnE Valley, X. 473 (ill.). 
 
 Lily pad, XVI. 503, 2 a. 
 
 Lima [le'-ma], capital of Peru, X. 474 (street 
 view). History, 476, 1 ab. 
 
 Li'ma , county seat, I. 328, 1 c. 
 
 Limaco'des (entomology), XI. 869, 2 c. 
 
 Limax (mollusca), XV. 108, 2 b. L. agrestis, 
 109, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Limber , of a gun carriage, I. 789, 2 ab (see di¬ 
 agram). In a ship, XIV. 863, 1 b; limber 
 strake, 1 ab. 
 
 Limbo, place of departed spirits, X. 476. 
 Limborch, Philippus van [lim'-bor k h], Dutch 
 theologian, X. 476. 
 
 Limburg [lim'-boorg], territory of Europe, X. 
 
 476. Dutch province, 2 c. Belgian province, 
 
 477, 1 a. Belgian town, 1 b. 
 
 Limburg cheese: see Cheese, IV. 352, 2 b. 
 
 “ Limburg Chronicle ,” X. 477, 2 a. 
 
 Limburg-on-the-Lahn, town of Prussia, X. 
 
 477. Cathedral, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Limbus infantum: see Limbo, X. 476, 1 be. 
 L. patrum, ib. 
 
 Lime, X. 477. Cream of lime, 478,1 ab ; milk 
 of, ib. Salts, lb. Use of lime in agriculture, 
 479, 2 a. Tests for lime and its salts, 2 c. 
 Medical uses of, 480, 1 a. Slaked lime, 478, 
 
 1 a; IV. 181, 2 a. 
 
 Lime, fruit, X. 480. Lime juice, 2 a. 
 Lim'erick, county of Ireland, X. 480. Capital 
 city, 2 b. Thomond bridge and King John’s 
 castle, 2 c (ill., 481). 
 
 Limestone, rock, X. 481. Varieties of, in the 
 lead regions, 252, 1 c, ff. Bituminous, II. 
 673, 1 be. Saccharoidal, III. 222, 1 c; so¬ 
 norous, ib. See Cements, Dolomite, Geol¬ 
 ogy, Lime, and Marble. 
 
 Limestone, two counties, X. 481. 
 
 Lime Tree : see Linden. 
 
 Lime water , X. 478, 1 ab; 480, 1 a. 
 
 Lime-water liniment , XII. 605, 2 a. 
 
 Liming process, in tanning, X. 273, 2 b. 
 Limitation, Statutes of, X. 482. 
 
 Limited Liability, X. 484. 
 
 Lim'mat, river of Switzerland, XVI. 838,1 ab, 2 c. 
 Limni: see Lemnos. 
 
 Limniads: see Fairies, VII. 63,2 a, and Nymphs. 
 Limnoria (crustacea), XIV. 871, 1 c. L. tere¬ 
 brans, ib. 
 
 Limoges [le-moazh], town of France, X. 486 
 (ill.). 
 
 Limoniads : see Nymphs. 
 
 Limonite: see Bog Ore, and Iron Ores, IX. 
 
 408, 1 b, 2 c. 
 
 Limonum : see Poitiers. 
 
 Limosa (ornithology), VIII. 64, 2 b. L. fedoa, 
 
 2 c (ill., 65). L. Hudsonica, 65, 1 b (ill.). L. 
 Lapponica, 2 a. 
 
 Limousin [le-moo-za ng ], former province of 
 France, X. 486. 
 
LIMOUSINIAN 
 
 LINGUA 
 
 465 
 
 Limousinian language, XIY. 38, 2 c; 39, 2 b. 
 Limpet, gasteropod mollusk, X. 486 (ill.). 
 Limpopo, river of Africa, I. 166, 1 b. 
 
 Limulus (crustacea), Y. 448, 1 c; 533, 2 be; 
 
 IX. 838, 1 b. L. polyphemus, 2 a. 
 
 Lin'acre, Thomas, English physician, X. 486. 
 Lincoln [ling'-kun], sixteen counties, X. 487. 
 Lincoln, county of Canada, X. 488. 
 
 Lincoln, capital of Nebraska, X. 488. 
 
 Lincoln, county seat, X. 575, 1 b. 
 
 Lincoln, city of England, X. 488. Cathedral, 
 2 c (ill., 489) ; IY. 119, 1 c; north transept 
 window (ill.), I. 662, 2 b. 
 
 Lincoln, Abraham, president of the United 
 States, X. 489. Early life, 2 a. In the Il¬ 
 linois legislature, 490, 1 c. In congress, 2 a. 
 The “ spot resolutions,” 2 b. Debates with 
 Stephen A. Douglas, 2 c, and 491,1 b. Nom¬ 
 inated for the presidency, 491, 2 b; inau¬ 
 guration and address, 492, 1 a. Civil war, 
 2 a. Instructions to Mr. Adams, 2 b. Gen. 
 McClellan put in command of the army, 493, 
 
 1 a; his dilatory action, 2 ab; urged to ac¬ 
 tivity by the president, 2 b; removed, 2 c. 
 Emancipation proclamation, 1 c-2 a. The 
 British government permits the escape of 
 the Alabama, 494, 1 a; notified that it will 
 be held responsible for her depredations, ib .; 
 warned that its declared intention to permit 
 the fitting out of iron-clad rams “ is war,” 
 ib. ; recedes, ib. Intervention by France on 
 behalf of the confederates repelled, 1 be. 
 Writ of habeas corpus suspended, 1 c; case 
 of Yallandigham, 2 b. Colored soldiers first 
 enlisted, 2 c. Lincoln’s address at Gettys¬ 
 burg, 495, 1 b. Becognition of the Maxi-' 
 milian government in Mexico refused, 2 b. 
 Grant made commander-in-chief, 2 c. Gen. 
 McClellan nominated for the presidency, 496, 
 
 2 a; platform of the nominating convention, 
 ib. Lincoln reelected, 497, 2 a. Conference 
 with a confederate commission, 498, 1 b. 
 Second inaugural address, 1 c. Fall of Elch¬ 
 in ond, 2 a. Assassination of President Lin¬ 
 coln, 498, 2 c. Characterization, 499, 1 b. 
 
 Lincoln, Benjamin, American general, X. 499. 
 Lincoln, John Larkin, American scholar, X. 
 500. 
 
 Lincoln, Levi, American statesman, X. 500. 
 
 Levi (2d), 2 a. Enoch, 2 b. 
 
 Lincoln’s Inn (Inns of Court), IX. 290,1 a, 2 b. 
 Lincoln’s Inn Fields , London, X. 594, 2 a. 
 Lincolnshire, county of England, X. 500. 
 Lincolnton, county seats, X. 487, 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 30 
 
 Lind (Goldschmidt), Jenny, Swedish vocalist, 
 X. 501. 
 
 Lindau [lin'-dow], town of Bavaria, X. 501. 
 
 Linde, Samuel Bogumil [lin'-dSli], Polish phi¬ 
 lologist, X. 501. 
 
 Linden, tree, X. 501. Leaves, flowers, and 
 fruit, 502, 1 b (ill.). American linden, 2 b 
 (ill.); white, 503, 1 a; European, ib. Age 
 of, I. 184, 2 a. 
 
 Linden , county seats, Y. 710, 1 b; XI. 153, 
 2 ab; XIII. 311, 1 c. 
 
 Lindisfarne' (now Holy island, near the Fame 
 islands), bishopric of, Y. 595, 1 ab; IY. 390, 
 1 c. 
 
 Lindley, John, English botanist, X. 503. His 
 botanical system, III. 134, 2 b. 
 
 Lindpaintner, Peter Joseph von [lint'-plnt- 
 ner], German composer, X. 503. 
 
 Lindsay, town of Canada, X. 503. 
 
 Lindsay, Alexander William Crawford, earl 
 of Crawford and Balcarres, author, X. 503. 
 
 Lindsay, Sir David, Scottish poet, X. 503. 
 
 Lindsey, Theophilus, English theologian, X.504. 
 
 Line, origin of the word, X. 504, 2 b. 
 
 Line, of flax, YII. 265, 1 b. 
 
 Line , in heraldry, YIII. 671, 2 c; engrailed, 
 672, 1 a; invected, &c., ib. (ills.). 
 
 Linea ileo-pectinea (anatomy), XIII. 241, 1 b. 
 
 Line of defence , in fortification, YII. 330, 2 b. 
 
 Line of lines (Gunter’s line), YIII. 333, 2 c. 
 
 Linen, X. 504. Manufacture of, 2 c; in Euro¬ 
 pean countries, 505, 2c; in the United States, 
 ib., and 506,1 be; extent of in Great Britain, 
 505, 2 c. Use of in paper making, XIII. 46, 
 1 a. Linen fibre, how detected, II. 373,1 b. 
 See Flax, VII. 262. 
 
 Lines , correction , in surveying, XY. 492, 1 b. 
 Eange lines, 491, 2 b; township, ib. 
 
 Line trees , in surveying, XY. 492, 2 a. 
 
 Lino, fish, X. 506 (ilk). Kock ling, 2 b. Fishes 
 so called, ib. (see Burbot) ; II. 710, 2 be; 
 YIII. 385, 2 be. 
 
 Ling, heath, YIII. 580, 1 a. 
 
 Lino, Peter Henrik, Swedish poet, founder of 
 curative gymnastics, X. 506. 
 
 Lingaites , Hindoo sect, IX. 229, 1 a, 2 c. 
 
 Lingam (phallus), XIII. 380, 2 c. 
 
 Lingard, John, English historian, X. 507. 
 
 L’lngegno [leen-ja'-nyo]: see Luigi. 
 
 Lingoa geral [lee" B/ -gwa zha-ral'], a language in 
 Brazil, III. 217, 2 a. 
 
 Lingua Franca , jargon spoken in the Levant, 
 IX. 457, 1 b; XL 69, 2 a; XY. 86, 1 c. 
 
 Lingua Franco- Gallica, degenerate Latin, YII. 
 
466 
 
 LINGUA 
 
 LIST 
 
 401, 2 be. Franco-Romana, ib. Gallica or 
 Gallicana, 2 b. Italica, IX. 455, 2 c. Ro- 
 mana, 456, 1 a; XIV. 400, 1 b; comp. VII. 
 401, 2 be. Rustica, VII. 401, 2 a, c; X. 192, 
 1 b; XIV. 400, 1 b. 
 
 Lingua Siciliana , early Italian, IX. 456, 1 a. 
 
 Linguat'ula (epizoa), VI. 694, 2 ab. L.ferox,2 b. 
 
 Linguistics , science of, X. 146, 2 a. 
 
 Lin'gula: see Brachiopoda, III. 177, 2 b, c; 
 178,1 b-c; VII. 342, 2 c. L. anatina (ill.), ib. 
 
 Liniments, medicinal preparations, XV. 139,1 b. 
 
 Linimentum colds , carron oil, X. 513, 2 be; 
 XII. 605, 2 a. 
 
 Linkoping [lin-cho'-ping], Sweden, X. 507. 
 
 Linley, Thomas, English composer, X. 507. 
 William, composer, 2 c. 
 
 Linlinth'gow, town of Scotland, X. 507. Ru¬ 
 ins of palace, 508, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Linlithgowshire, county of Scotland, X. 508. 
 
 Linn, four counties, X. 508. 
 
 Linn , county seat, XII. 714, 1 b. 
 
 Linn, John Blair, American poet, X. 509. 
 
 Linn Creek, county seat, III. 647, 2 b. 
 
 Linn^e'a, plant, X. 509 (ill.). 
 
 Linnaeus, Carl von, Swedish naturalist, X. 509. 
 His botanical system, 511, 2 ab; III. 133,1 c: 
 see Chssalpinus, 540, 2 c. Number of plants 
 described by him, 131, 2 b. His classifica¬ 
 tion of birds, XII. 704, 2 b; of fishes, IX. 
 159, 2 a; of insects, VI. 659, 1 b; of mam¬ 
 mals, XI. 80, 1 a; of mollusca, 50, 1 b; of 
 reptiles, VIII. 692, 2 ab. Division of the 
 human race, VI. 753, 2 b. Description of 
 the dionsea, 122, 2 be. On the voracity of 
 the blue-bottle fly, VII. 294, 2 c. His plan 
 for making pearls, XIII. 213, 2 b.—Elizabeth 
 Christina, naturalist, X. 511, 2 c. 
 
 Linnell, John, English painter, X. 511. 
 
 Linnet, bird, X. 512. Brown linnet, 1 b (ill.). 
 Lesser red-poll linnet, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Lin'neus , county seat, X. 508, 2 c. 
 
 Linoka-noka , a region of Africa, I. 165, 2 c. 
 
 Linota (ornithology), X. 512, 1 a. L. canna- 
 bina, 1 b (ill.). L. montana, 2 a. 
 
 Linseed Oil, X. 513. Drying of, XII. 771,1 b. 
 
 Linter-colo , a variety of violin, XVI. 367, 1 a. 
 
 Linton, William, English painter, X. 513. 
 
 Linton, William James, engraver, X. 514. 
 Eliza (Lynn), author, 1 b. 
 
 Lintz: see Linz. 
 
 Linum (botany), X. 514. L. grandiflorum, 2 a 
 (ill.). L. perenne, L. Berlandieri, L. flavum, 
 ib. L. usitatissimum, VII. 262, 1 ab (ill.). 
 
 Linz [lints], town of Austria, X. 514. 
 
 Lion, animal, X. 514. African lion, 2 c (ill., 
 515). Skeleton of the lion (ill.), 515. Liv¬ 
 ingstone’s characterization of, 516,1 b. Asi¬ 
 atic variety, 2 a. Fossil lion, 2 b. 
 
 Lion , in heraldry, VIII. 673, 1 b. (See plate.) 
 LAon, golfe du [gulf du le-o ng ]: see Lyons, Gulf of. 
 Lion ant: see Ant Lion. 
 
 Lipans, Indian tribe, X. 516; I. 579, 2 c. 
 Lip'ara: see Lipari, X. 517, 1 c. 
 
 Lipari [le'-pa-re], volcanic islands, Italy, X. 
 
 517. Town, 1 c (view). 
 
 Lipar'idoe (entomology), XI. 868, 2 b. 
 
 Lip'aris (ichthyology), X. 714, 1 a. L. com¬ 
 munis, 1 ab. 
 
 Lipetzk [le-petsk'j, town of Russia, X. 517. 
 Lipona, Countess , pseudonyme, III. 26, 2 b. 
 Lippe [lip'-peh], German principality, X. 517. 
 Lippe-Detmold: see Lippe. 
 
 Lippemund (Wesel), town, XVI. 556, 1 b. 
 Lippersheim, Hans [lip'-perce-hime], supposed 
 inventor of the telescope, XV. 622, 2 c. 
 LlPPE-ScnATTMBURG ! See ScnAUMBURG-LlPPE. 
 Lippi, Fra Filippo, Italian painter, X. 517. 
 
 Filippino, painter, 518, 1 b. 
 
 Lippia citriodora (botany), XVI. 308, 2 a. 
 Lippincott, Sara Jane (Clarke), American au¬ 
 thoress, X. 518. 
 
 Lipto, county of Hungary, X. 518. 
 
 Liquation , sweating process, I. 336, 1 a. 
 Liquidambar, tree, X. 518 (ill.); II. 249, 2 c. 
 Liquorice [lik'-ur-is], medicinal article, X. 519. 
 Plant, 1 b (ill.). Spanish juice, ball liquor¬ 
 ice, 519, 1 c; adulterations of, 2 a. 
 
 Liquor ferri nitratis [li'-kwur], XII. 464, 1 c; 
 
 hydrargyri nitratis, 2 a. 
 
 Liquor potasses, XIII. 757, 1 b. 
 
 Liquor sanguinis, II. 729, 2 b; IX. 276, 1 c. 
 Liria and Xerica, duke of, II. 586, 2 be. 
 Lirioden'dron tulipifera (botany), XVI. 27, 2 a 
 
 ( m.). 
 
 Lis, ancient fortifications, IX. 355, 1 a. 
 
 Lisbon, capital of Portugal, X. 520 (view). 
 History, 521, 2 c. 
 
 Lisieux [le-ze-uh], city of France, X. 522. 
 Lisle, city: see Lille. 
 
 Lisle, Guillaume de [dhh leel], French geog¬ 
 rapher, X. 522. Joseph Nicolas, astrono¬ 
 mer, 2 a. 
 
 L’Islet [le-la], county of Canada, X. 522. 
 Lissa, town of Prussia, X. 522. 
 
 Lissa, island, Dalmatia, X. 522. 
 
 Lissotriton punctatus (zoology), VI. 449,1 a (ill.). 
 List, Friedrich, German political economist, X. 
 522; XIII. 678, 1 c. 
 
LISTENER 
 
 LIVER 
 
 467 
 
 Listener: see Penance, XIII. 244, 2 c. 
 
 Lister, Dr. (Martin, 1638-1711, author of 
 works on conchology, &c.), geological views 
 of, VII. 688, 1 b. 
 
 Lister, Thomas Henry, English author, X. 523. 
 Liston, John, actor, X. 523. "Wife of, actress 
 and singer, 1 c. 
 
 Liszt, Franz [list], Hungarian pianist and com¬ 
 poser, X. 523; XII. 93, 2 c. See Agoult, 
 countess de, I. 190, 1 b. 
 
 Lila'nice majo'res , in the Catholic church, XIV. 
 386, 2 a. 
 
 Lit'any : see Liturgy, X. 534, 2 a. 
 
 Litchfield, county, X. 524. 
 
 Litchfield, town of Connecticut, X. 524. 
 Litchfield , county seats, VIII. 182, 1 b; XI. 
 356, 2 c. 
 
 Litchfield observatory, at Hamilton college, VIII. 
 425, 1 b. 
 
 Litchi, fruit, X. 525 (ill.). 
 
 Literary club , London, IX. 667, 1 a. 
 
 Literary fund , English, foundation of, XV. 
 535, 1 be. 
 
 Lith'arge : see Lead, X. 245,1 b; 260,1 ab, c. 
 Lithgow, William, Scottish traveller, X. 525. 
 Lithia, oxide of lithium, X. 525. 
 
 Lithic acid , VIII. 174, 1 a. 
 
 Lithika , Orphic composition, XII. 711, 1 b. 
 Lithium, metal, X. 525. 
 
 Lithobius (crustacea), VI. 372, 2 b (ill.). L. 
 
 fortificatus, IV. 203, 2 a. 
 
 Litho'des (crustacea), V. 451, 1 c. L. arctica, 
 XV. 267, 1 ab. 
 
 Lithod'omus lithoph'agus (mollusca), XV. 400, 
 2 b. 
 
 Lithofracteur [Fr. le-to-frak-tur], an explosive, 
 VII. 36, 1 b; 37, 2 be. 
 
 Lithographic hand press , X. 527, 1 be. 
 Lithographic stones , X. 526, 1 c. 
 
 Lithog'rapiiy, X. 526. Invention of, 1 ab. 
 Method, 1 c. Lithographic printing, 527,1 b. 
 History, 2 a. Chrorno-lithography, 2 c. 
 Photo-lithography, 528, 1 c. 
 
 Lithology : see Rocks. 
 
 Lith'omancy , method of divination, VI. 154,1 ab. 
 Lithosper'mum arven'se (botany), XVI. 587,1 c. 
 LiTnoT'oMY: see Stone, Calculi, and Colot, 
 Laurent. 
 
 Lith'otripsy , for curing the stone, XV. 398, 
 , 2 a; 399, 1 ab. 
 
 Lithot'rity , for curing the stone, XV. 399, 1 a. 
 
 Originator of, 1 b: see Civiale, IV. 617, 2 c. 
 Litiiua'nia, territory of eastern Europe, X. 
 530. History, 2 a. Lithuanian language, 2 be. 
 
 Lithuanians: see Lithuania, and X. 374, 1 a. 
 
 Lit de justice [le duh zhiis-teece]: see Bed of 
 Justice, II. 445, 2 b. 
 
 Litmus, coloring matter, X. 531. Litmus paper, 
 1 c. See Archil, I. 650, 2 c, 651, 1 a. 
 
 Litorale : see Littorale. 
 
 Litta, Pompeo, count, Italian historian, X. 531. 
 
 Little, Thomas, Esq., pseudonyme, XI. 803, 2 a. 
 
 Little Britain (Brittany), VIII. 183, 1 a. 
 
 Littledale, Richard Frederick, Irish clergy¬ 
 man, X. 531. 
 
 u Little ease: ” see Torture, XV. 815, 1 b. 
 
 Little Falls, town of New York, X. 531. 
 
 Little Falls , county seat, XI. 847, 1 b. 
 
 Little giant , popular sobriquet of Stephen A. 
 Douglas, VI. 227, 2 c. 
 
 u Little go ,” examination in Cambridge univer¬ 
 sity, III. 645, 1 a; XII. 766, 1 b. 
 
 Littlejohn, Abram Newkirk, American bish¬ 
 op, X. 532. 
 
 Little joker, in euchre, VI. 769, 1 c. 
 
 “ Little peacock ,” so styled, VIII. 691, 2 c. 
 
 Little people: see Fairies, VII. 641, 2 b. 
 
 Little River, county, X. 532. 
 
 Little Rock, capital of Arkansas, X. 532 (ill., 
 state capitol). 
 
 Little Sisters of the Poor, religious order, XI. 
 732, 1 b. 
 
 Little Thibet: see Bulti. 
 
 Littleton, Sir Thomas, English jurist, X. 533. 
 
 Little Traverse, county seat, VI. 583, 2 b. 
 
 Little wights: see Fairies, VII. 64, 2 c. 
 
 Littorale [lit-to-ra'-leh], province of Austria, 
 X. 533. 
 
 Littoral Province: see Primorsk. 
 
 Littori'na (conchology), XIII. 304. L. littorea, 
 1 a. L. rudis, 1 b (ills.). 
 
 Littre, Maximilien Paul fimile [le-tra], French 
 philologist, X. 533. 
 
 Littkow, Joseph Johann von [lit'-tro], German 
 astronomer, X. 534. Karl Ludwig von, 1 b 
 (died 1877). 
 
 Lituites [le-tu'-e-teez], (zoology), XII. 712, 1 c. 
 
 Lit'urgy, X. 534. Psalmodic liturgies, 1 c. 
 Eucharistic, 2 b. Protestant, 535, 2 a. Cop¬ 
 tic : see Copts, V. 333, 1 b. 
 
 Liu Kiu [lu ku]: see Loo Choo. 
 
 Liutprand [lewt'-prand]: see Luitprand. 
 
 Liva [le'-va]: see Vilayet. 
 
 Livadia [liv-a-de'-a], town of Greece, X. 536. 
 
 Live-for-ever, plant, XIV. 751, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Live Oak, county, X. 536. 
 
 Liver, X. 536 (ills.). Congestion of the: see 
 Congestion, V. 240, 1 a. 
 
468 
 
 LIVER 
 
 LOBELIA 
 
 Liver fluke: see Entozoa, VI. 667, 1 ab (ill.). 
 
 Liveries: see Guild, VIII. 305, 2 c. 
 
 Liver-leaf, plant, VIII. 668, 2 c. 
 
 Livermore, Abiel Abbot, American clergyman, 
 X. 538. 
 
 Liverpool, borough and seaport of England, 
 X. 538. St. George’s ball, 539, 2 a (ill.). 
 Library and museum, 2 b (ill.)* 
 
 Liverpool, town of Nova Scotia, X. 541. 
 
 Liverpool, New Brunswick : see Riciiibucto. 
 
 Liverpool, Charles Jenkinson, first earl of, 
 English statesman, X. 541. Robert Banks 
 Jenkinson, second earl of, 2 b. 
 
 Liver of sulphur , VII. 35, 2 ab; XIII. 7G0, 2 c. 
 
 Liverwort , plant so styled, VIII. 668, 2 c. 
 
 Liverworts, family of plants, X. 542 (ills.). 
 
 Livery, to lie in: see Grant, VIII. 154, 1 b. 
 
 Livery company , guild, VIII. 305, 2 c. 
 
 Livery in deed , X. 544, 1 b. 
 
 Livery in law , VIII. 154, 2 a; X. 544, 1, b. 
 
 Livery of Seisin, in law, X. 543 ; II. 310, 2 a; 
 VI. 738, 1 a; VII. 161, 2 ab; VIII. 154, 2 a. 
 
 Live sores: see Epizoa, VI. 697, 2 ab. 
 
 Livret [le-vra'J, in faro, VII. 89, 1 b. 
 
 Live spindle: see Turning, XVI. 73, 2 b. 
 
 Livia Drusilla, wife of Augustus, X. 544. 
 
 Livingston, name of six counties, X. 544. 
 
 Livingston , county seats, XII. 746, 2 b; XIII. 
 679, 2 a; XV. 470, 1 a. 
 
 Livingston, name of an American family, X. 
 545. John, preacher, 2 ab. Robert, colo¬ 
 nist, 2 b. Philip, a signer of the Declara¬ 
 tion of Independence, 2 c. William, states¬ 
 man, 546, 1 a. Brockholst, soldier and ju¬ 
 rist, 1 ab. Robert R., statesman and jurist, 
 1 be. Edward, jurist and statesman, 2 ab; 
 his criminal code, 547, 1 ab. John IT., cler¬ 
 gyman, 2 a. 
 
 Livingston manor, tract of land, X. 545, 2 b. 
 
 Livingstone, David [liv'-ing-stun], Scottish 
 traveller and explorer, X. 547; I. 170, 2 c. 
 
 Livius Andronicus : see Andp.onicus, Livius, 
 and X. 193, 1 a. 
 
 Livonia, government of Russia, X. 549. 
 
 Livorno [le-vor'-no]: see Leghorn. 
 
 Livre [le'-ver]: see Franc. 
 
 Livre du tresor [leevr’ dii tra-zor], early philo¬ 
 sophical compilation, X. 201, 1 c. Allusion 
 to the mariner’s compass, ib. 
 
 Livrets [le-vra], (service books), suppression 
 of, III. 53, 1 a. 
 
 Livry, Emma [le-vre], French dancer, X. 549. 
 
 Liv'y (Livius Andronicus): see Andronicus, 
 Livius. 
 
 Livy (Titus Livius), Roman historian, X. 550; 
 196, 1 ab. 
 
 Liz'ard, reptile, X. 550. Family of lizards, 
 551, 1 a. Pleodonts, 2 a. Coelodonts, 2 b. 
 Green lizard, 552, 1 ab (ill.). Skeleton of, 
 . V. 174, 1 c. Flying lizard: see Flying 
 Dragon, VI. 239, 1 a; deified in Congo, V. 
 240, 2 c. 
 
 Lizard’s-tail, plant, X. 552 (ill.). 
 
 Lla'ma [Sp. lya'-ma], animal, X. 552 (ill.). 
 Llanel'ly [Welsh, thla-neth'-le], seaport of 
 Wales, X. 554. 
 
 Llaneros, the [lya-na'-roce], of Colombia, V. 
 87, 1 ab. 
 
 Llano [lya'-no], county, X. 554. 
 
 Llano , county seat, X. 554, 1 c. 
 
 Llano Estacado [es-ta-ka'-do], plain, New Mex¬ 
 ico and Texas, XII. 317, 2 b; XV. 670, 2 b. 
 Llanos [lya'-noce], grassy plains, VIII. 548, 2 c; 
 III. 764, 2 be. 
 
 LLANQumuE [lyan-ke'-wa], province of Chili, 
 X. 554. Lake, 2 a. 
 
 LleweVlyn, prince of Wales, XVI. 427, 2 c. 
 Llobregat [lyo-bra-gat'J, river of Spain, II. 
 303, 2 a, 1 c. 
 
 Lloeente, Don Juan Antonio [lyo-rain'-ta], 
 Spanish author, X. 554. “ History of the 
 
 Spanish Inquisition,” 555, 1 a. 
 
 Lloyd, Henry [loid], English soldier, X. 555. 
 Lloyd, Dr., experiments of in double refrac¬ 
 tion, X. 451, 2 a. 
 
 Lloyd’s, X. 555. “Lloyd’s List,” 2 b. Aus- 
 rian Lloyd’s, ib. ; XV. 864, 1 ab. North 
 German Lloyd’s, X. 555, 2 c; III. 248, 1 be. 
 LoAcn, fish, X. 555 (ill.). 
 
 Loadstone, magnetic iron ore: see Iron Ores, 
 IX. 409, 2 a (magnetite). 
 
 Loan, in law, X. 556. Rights of the borrower, 
 1 c; of the lender, 2 c. 
 
 Loanda, St. Paul de: see St. Paul de Loanda. 
 Loango [lo-ang'-go], African kingdom, X. 557. 
 Lob, lake,~Vl\l. 60, 1 c; XVI. 66, 2 b (Lob-nor). 
 Lobau [lo'-bow], island, Danube, X. 557, 2 c. 
 Lobau, Georges Mouton, count de [luh-bo], 
 French soldier, X. 557. 
 
 Lobb, a preparation in brewing, III. 260, 2 c. 
 Lobeip.a, Vasco de [lo-ba'-e-ra], Portuguese 
 writer, X. 558. 
 
 Lobel, Matthias, Flemish botanist, X. 558; 
 
 III. 132, 1 be (Lobelius). 
 
 Lobelia, genus of plants, X. 558. L. cardi- 
 nalis, 2 a, 559, 1 be (ill.). L. inflata, 559, 
 1 a (ill.); as an emetic, 1 b; VI. 571, 2 b. 
 Exotic lobelias, X. 559, 1 c. 
 
LOBELIACE^E 
 
 LOHITA 
 
 469 
 
 Lobelia'cece (botany), X. 558, 1 b. 
 
 Lobelic acid , X. 559, 1 b. 
 
 Lobeli'na , volatile liquid alkaloid, X. 559, 1 b. 
 
 Lobelius : see Lobel (Index). 
 
 Zofoj^pob'-e-peez], (ornithology), XIII. 380,1c. 
 
 Loblolly , tree, XIII. 524, 2 a. 
 
 Loblolly Bay, slirub, X. 559 (ill.). 
 
 Lobo, Jeronimo, Portuguese missionary, X.560. 
 
 Lobos Islands [lo'-boce], Peru, X. 560. 
 
 Lobster, X. 560. American, 2 b (ill.); spiny, 
 562, 1 be. Lobster fishery, 562, 1 a. See 
 Crustacea, V. 533, 1 b. 
 
 Lob'ule , in anatomy, X. 537, 1 b; 721, 2 a. 
 
 Lobus quadratics (anatomy), X. 536, 2 c. 
 
 Lob-Worm, X. 562 (ill.); VI. 218, 1 c. 
 
 Loch [lo k h], XIV. 698, 2 b. Sea loch, 2 be. 
 
 Lock, X. 562. Spring locks, 2 b (ills.). Tum¬ 
 bler locks, 2 c (ills.). Permutation and com¬ 
 bination dial locks, 564, 1 b (ills.). 
 
 Loch, canal , construction of, III. 680, 2 a (ill.). 
 Lift lock (ill.), 681. Weigh lock, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Lock, Matthew, English composer, X. 565. 
 
 Locke, David Ross, American satirist, X. 565. 
 
 Locke, John, English philosopher, X. 566. 
 His “ Essay on the Human Understanding,” 
 2 b; 567, 1 be, 2 b. His views concerning 
 heat, Y. 377, 2 c; VIII. 567, 2 a. Scheme 
 of government for the Carolinas, X. 566, 
 2 b; XII. 495, 2 b ; XVI. 151, 2 c. Referred 
 to, XIV. 809, 1 a. On political economy, 
 XIII. 667, 1 ab. See Philosophy, XIII. 
 440, 2 c. 
 
 Locked Jaw : see Tetanus, XV. 666, 1 c; 
 XII. 239, 1 a. 
 
 Locker, Frederick, English poet, X. 568. 
 
 Lockhart , county seat, III. 577, 1 c. 
 
 Lockhart, John Gibson, Scottish author, X. 
 568. 
 
 Lock Haven, city of Pennsylvania, X. 569. 
 
 Lockout: see Trades Union, XV. 835, 2 a. 
 
 Lockport, city of New York, X. 569. 
 
 Lockroy, Joseph Philippe [liik-rwa], French 
 dramatist, X. 569. 
 
 Lockyer, Joseph Norman, English astronomer, 
 X. 569. 
 
 Locle [lok’l], town of Switzerland, X. 569. 
 
 Locomotive Engine : see Steam Carriage. 
 
 Locri, or Locri Epizephyrii, ancient city of 
 Italy, X. 570; XVI. 803, 1 c. 
 
 Locri Epicnemidii and Opuntii: see Locris. 
 
 Locris, territory of ancient Greece, X. 570. 
 
 Locksburgh, county seat, XIV. 789, 2 a. 
 
 Locust, insect, X. 570 (ill., 571). See Rocky 
 Mountain Locust. 
 
 Locust, tree, X. 571. Common locust, 2 c; 
 
 clammy, 2 a; moss, 572, 2 ab (ill.). 
 
 Locusta (entomology), X. 570, 2 b. L. rnigra- 
 toria, 571, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Locus'tadee (entomology), VIII. 169, 2 b; X. 
 570, 2 b. 
 
 Locust mite, XIV. 374, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Locust mountain coal Jield , I. 552, 2 a. 
 
 Lodeve [luh-daiv], town of France, X. 572. 
 Lodge, Thomas, English author, X. 572. 
 
 Lodi [lo'-de], town of Italy, X. 572. 
 
 Ltodoicea Sechella'rum [lo-do-i'-se-a] (botany), 
 XI. 293, 1 be; XIII. 20, 2 a. 
 
 Lodoiska [lo-do-is'-ka], a noted beauty: see 
 Louvet de Couvray. 
 
 Lodomeria, principality of Vladimir, X. 573. 
 Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, VII. 
 564, 1 be; 565, 1 c. 
 
 Lodz, town of Poland, X. 573. 
 
 Loffo'den, group of islands, Norway, X. 573. 
 
 Maelstrom, 2 be. 
 
 Lofoten: see Loffoden. 
 
 Loftus, William Kennett, English archaeolo¬ 
 gist, X. 573. 
 
 Log and Log Line, X. 574; XII. 181, 1 a. 
 
 Substitutes for the log, 2 a. 
 
 Logan, name of five counties, X. 574. 
 
 Logan, county seats, III. 532, 2 c; VIII. 752,1 c. 
 Logan, Indian chief, X. 575. Monument of, 
 II. 100, 2 a. Referred to, V. 221, 2 a. 
 Logan, James, American author, X. 575. 
 
 George, statesman, 2 c. 
 
 Logan, John, Scottish author, X. 576. 
 
 Logan, Sir William Edmond, Canadian geolo¬ 
 gist, X. 576. 
 
 “ Logan act,” X. 576, 1 ab. 
 
 Loganian library, Philadelphia, X. 575, 2 c. 
 Logansport, city of Indiana, X. 576. 
 
 Logan stones, X. 141, 2 c. 
 
 Logarithms, X. 577. Tables of, 2 c. 
 
 Log cock, bird, XVI. 709, 2 c. 
 
 Logging stones, X. 141, 2 c. 
 
 Logic, science of reasoning, X. 578. Syllo¬ 
 gisms, 579, 1 a. Fallacies, 2 b. Systems of 
 logic, 580, 1 ab, ff. 
 
 Log line: see Log. 
 
 Logog'raphy, in printing, XVI. 443, 2 b. 
 LogroRo [lo-gro'-nvo], province of Spain, X. 
 583. Capital city, 2 b. 
 
 Logwood, dyewood, X. 583. Logwood tree, 
 2 c (ill., 584). 
 
 Loher, Franz von, German author, X. 584. 
 Lohita [lo-he'-ta], wild Indo-Chinese tribes, 
 IX. 252, 2 c. 
 
470 
 
 LOIDIS 
 
 LONG 
 
 Loidis (Leeds), city, 311, 2 c. 
 
 Loir [lwar], river of France, X. 584. 
 
 Loir, fat dormouse, YI. 216, 1 c. 
 
 Loire [lwar], river of France, X. 584. Canal 
 lateral a la Loire, 585, 1 a. Lev6e of the, 
 VII. 367, 2 ab. 
 
 Loire, department of France, X. 585. 
 
 Loire, Haute: see IIaute-Loire. 
 
 Loir-et-Ciier [-a-shair], department, X. 585. 
 LoiRE-lNFfeRiEURE [-a ng -fa-re-ur], X. 585. 
 Loiret [lwa-ra], department, X. 585. 
 
 Loison, Pierre [-zo Dg ], French sculptor, X. 586. 
 Loja [lo'- k ha], city of Ecuador, X. 586. 
 
 Loja, town of Spain, X. 586. 
 
 LoTcanga, musical instrument, X. 812, 1 a. 
 Lo'keren, town of Belgium, X. 586. 
 
 Loki, in Norse mythology, II. 237, 2 a; XII. 
 119, 2 c. 
 
 Lokman, Arabian fabulist, X. 586. 
 
 Lokono : see Arrawaks. 
 
 Lola cabinet , so styled, XII. 587, 1 b. 
 
 Lola Montez, countess of Landsfeld, X. 586. 
 Loli'go (mollusca) : see Squid, XY. 294, 1 c. 
 
 L. illecebrosa, 2 a. L. vulgaris, 2 ab (ill.). 
 Lolium temulentum (botany), V. 691,1 c (ill.) ; 
 
 YIII. 167, 1 c. L. perenne, 168, 2 b. 
 Lollards, X. 587. Persecution of them by 
 Henry IY. of England, YIII. 644, 2 b; by 
 Henry Y., 645, 1 c; by Henry YII., 648, 1 c. 
 Lolli, Antonio, Italian violinist, X. 587. 
 Filippo, 2 ab. 
 
 Loloku , a Feejee custom, YII. 112, 1 c. 
 
 F Olonnais, Francois [lo-lun-na], buccaneer, 
 III. 375, 2 a, b. 
 
 Lolos , aborigines in S. China, IX. 253, 2 a. 
 Lomba, disease, IY. 34, 1 ab. 
 
 Lombard, Peter, Italian theologian, X. 587. 
 
 See Moral Philosophy, XI. 811, 1 a. 
 Lombard architecture , I. 661,1 b; 662, 1 c-2 a. 
 Lombard league, 1168, I. 274, 2 a. 
 
 Lombard university , YII. 564,1 a (Galesburg). 
 Lombards, Germanic people, IX. 449, 1 be. 
 See Lombardy, X. 588, 2 ab. Lombard 
 bankers or money lenders, XIII. 197, 1 b. 
 Origin of the name, X. 588, 2 ab; II. 421,1 a. 
 Lombar'dus, Petrus: see Lombard, Peter. 
 Lom'bardy, division of Italy, X. 587. His¬ 
 tory, 2 a. 
 
 Lombok', island, Indian archipelago, X. 589. 
 Lomenie, Louis Leonard de [dull liih-ma-ne], 
 French author, X. 589. 
 
 Lomenie de Brienne, Louis, count, cardinal, 
 and prime minister, X. 589, 2 a; 662, 1 c; 
 III. 284, 1 b. 
 
 Lo'mond, Loch, lake of Scotland, X. 589. 
 Lomono'soff, Mikhail, Eussian poet, X. 589. 
 Lomza, government of Russia, X. 590. Town, 
 1 b. 
 
 London [lun'-dun], metropolis of Great Britain, 
 X. 590 (map). Population and divisions, 
 1 c. Bridges, 592, 1 a. Thames embankv 
 ments, 1 c. Streets, 2 b. Trafalgar square, 
 594, 2 be (ill., 595). Squares, 596, 1 be. 
 Parks, 2 c. Albert memorial, 597, 1 a (ill., 
 596). Places of worship, 2 b; St. Paul’s 
 cathedral, 599,1 c (ill.); Westminster abbey, 
 600, 1 a (ill.). Religious associations, 2 c. 
 Charities, ib. Hospitals and asylums, 601, 
 
 1 c. Improved dwellings, 603, 1 b. Edu¬ 
 cation, 2 b. Libraries, 604, 2 ab. Learned 
 societies, 2 be. Museums, 605,1 b. Picture 
 galleries, 2 c. Monuments, 606, 2 a. Amuse¬ 
 ments, 2 c. Clubs, 607, 2 b. Palaces, 608, 
 
 2 be; Buckingham palace, 2 c (ill., 609). 
 Houses of parliament, 609, 2 a (ill., 610). 
 Government buildings, 610, 2 c; Somerset 
 house, 611, 1 a (ill.). Courts and prisons, 
 611, 1 b.—Government, 612, 1 a. Police, 
 2 a; XIII. 660, 2 c. Tower, X. 612, 2 be 
 (ill., 613). Markets, 613, 1 c. Port, 614, 
 
 1 b ; docks, &c., 2 a. Custom house, mint, 
 gas, 615,1 a. Banks, 1 c. Royal exchange, 
 
 2 a (ill.). Business activity, ib. Commerce, 
 2 c. Manufactures, 616, 1 a. Telegraph 
 and post office, 1 b. Intercommunication, 
 2 a. Sewerage, 617, 2 b. Water supply, 
 618, 1 a. Cemeteries, 1 be. Temperature, 
 1 c. Mortality, 2 a.—History, 2 be. The 
 great fire, 619, 2 a; Y. 235, 2 c. Historical 
 associations, X. 619, 2 c. 
 
 London, city of Canada, X. 620. 
 
 London, county seat, X. 820, 2 c. 
 Londonderry, county of Ireland, X. 620. 
 
 Capital city, 2 c (view, 621). 
 
 Londonderry, Robert, second marquis of: see 
 Castlereagh. Charles William Stewart 
 Yane, third marquis of, X. 621, 2 c. 
 
 London monument, X. 606, 2 a; Y. 235, 2 c. 
 
 Original inscription on it, 236, 1 a. 
 
 London Pride, plant, X. 622 (ill.). 
 
 London and Plymouth companies, for coloniz¬ 
 ing America, XYI. 150, 1 c. 
 
 London stone, ancient terminus, X. 619, 1 a. 
 London university, Y. 58, 1 c; III. 664, 2 c. 
 Lone Tree , county seat, XI. 412, 1 c. 
 
 “ Long ,” in stock dealings, XY. 338, 1 c. 
 
 Long, George, English scholar, X. 622. 
 
 Long, Roger, English clergyman, X. 622. 
 
LONG 
 
 LOPHOPHANUS 
 
 471 
 
 Long, Stephen Harriman, American engineer, 
 X. 622. 
 
 Longan , fruit, X. 525, 1 c. 
 
 Longbow , I. 648, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Long Branch, village, New Jersey, X. 623. 
 Longciiamps [lo ng -sha ng ], promenade, Paris, X. 
 623; III. 154, 1 b. Monastery of, alluded 
 to, ib. 
 
 Long claw , fish, XIY. 225, 2 b. 
 
 Longet, Francois Achille [lo ng -zha], French 
 physician, X. 623. 
 
 Longevity: see Age, I. 181, 2 a. Antedilu¬ 
 vian, 2 b; comparative, 182, 1 a. Highest 
 attained limit, 1 b. Whether artificially at¬ 
 tainable, 2 a. 
 
 Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, American 
 poet, X. 623. His house (Washington’s 
 headquarters), III. 642, 2 c (ill.) ; XYI. 198, 
 1 c, 196, 2 c, 199, 2 a. 
 
 Long field off, in cricket, Y. 482, 1 b (diagram); 
 long field on, ib. 
 
 Longford, county of Ireland, X. 624. 
 
 Long Friday: see Good Friday, YIII. 101,1 a. 
 Longhi, Giuseppe [lon'-ghe], Italian engraver, 
 
 X. 624. 
 
 Longi'nus, Dionysius Cassius, Greek critic and 
 statesman, X. 624. 
 
 Long Island, New York, X. 625. Battle of, 
 626, 1 c. 
 
 Long Island , Bermudas, II. 568, 2 b. 
 
 Long Island City, New York, X. 627. 
 
 Long Island Sound, X. 627. 
 
 Longitude, in geography, X. 627; IY. 759, 
 1 c; XII. 181, 6 c. 
 
 Longland, Robert: see Langlande. 
 
 Long leg , in cricket, V. 482, 1 b (diagram). 
 Longmaid's process , in copper smelting, Y. 
 326, 1 c. 
 
 Longman, Thomas, English publisher, X. 628. 
 
 Thomas (2d), 2 c. Thomas Norton, 629, 1 a. 
 Long moss , I. 228, 2 b; used for mattresses, ib. 
 See Tillandsia, XY. 754, 1 a. Preparation 
 and uses of, 1 c. 
 
 Longobards : see Lombardy, X. 588, 2 b. 
 Long parliament , YI. 613, 1 c. See Crom¬ 
 well. Intolerance of, II. 626, 1 a-c. 
 
 Long Prairie , county seat, XY. 787, 1 a. 
 LongsMps , dangerous rocks on the English 
 coast, X. 141, 2 c. 
 
 Long slip , in cricket, Y. 482, 1 b (diagram). 
 Long's peak , Rocky mountains, X. 623, 1 a; 
 
 Y. 100, 1 a; XIV. 376, 2 b. 
 
 Long stop , in cricket, Y. 482, 1 b (diagram). 
 Longstreet, James, American soldier, X. 629. 
 
 Longstreet, William, American inventor, X. 
 
 629. Augustus Baldwin, author, 630, 1 b. 
 Long tom , in gold washing, YIII. 82, 2 c. 
 Longton, town of England, X. 630. 
 
 Longueil , baron de [lo ng -guhy’]: see Le Moyne, 
 X. 337, 2 c. 
 
 Longue Pointe [lo ng g pwa ng t], county seat, YIII. 
 751, 2 c. 
 
 Longueville, Anne Genevieve de Bourbon, 
 duchess de [lo ng g-veel], French politician, X. 
 630 ; 173, 2 ab. 
 
 Longus, Greek sophist, X. 631. 
 
 Long-wall working , in mining, XI. 572, 2 c; 
 
 574, 2 a. Referred to, Y. 70, 1 be. 
 Longwood , St. Helena, XIY. 532, 1 ab, c. 
 Longworth, Nicholas, American horticulturist, 
 X. 631. 
 
 Longwy [lo ng -ve], town of France, X. 631. 
 Lonice'ra (botany), YIII. 795, 2 c. L. semper- 
 virens, 796, 1 a (ill.), &c. 
 
 Lonnrot, Elias, Finnish philologist, X. 631. 
 Lonoke', county, X. 631. 
 
 Lonoke , county seat, X. 631, 2 b. 
 Lons-le-Saulnier [l6 ng -lu.h-so-nya], town of 
 France, X. 631. 
 
 Loo Choo Islands, North Pacific, X. 631. 
 Loogen [lo'-ghen]: see Lead, X. 245, 2 c. 
 Lookout', Cape : see Cape Lookout. 
 
 Look'out mountain , battle of, IY. 339, 2 a. 
 Loom, X. 632. See Weaving, and Power loom 
 (Index). 
 
 Loomis, Elias, American mathematician, X. 
 633; XI. 11, 2 b. 
 
 Loon, bird: see Diver, YI. 152,1 c. “Stupid 
 as a loon,” 2 c. “ Noisy as,” &c., ib. 
 
 Looper , worm, IY. 106, 2 ab. 
 
 Loosestrife, plant: see Lysimachia, and Lyth- 
 rum. 
 
 Lope de Yega [lo'-pa da va'-ga]: see Vega. 
 Lopez, Carlos Antonio [lo'-pace], president of 
 Paraguay, X. 633; XIII. 68, 1 b. Francisco 
 Solano, X. 633, 2 c. 
 
 Lopez, Narciso, Cuban revolutionist, X. 634. 
 
 His expeditions, 635, 1 a; VII. 188, 1 c. 
 Lopez , Rodrigo , physician of Queen Elizabeth, 
 executed for a plot to poison her, YI. 534,1 c. 
 Lophi'odon, extinct mammal, X. 635. 
 
 Lo'phius (ichthyology), YIII. 109, 1 c. I. 
 
 Americanus, 2 b (ill.). L. piscatorius, 110,1 a. 
 Lopn'oBRANcns, order of fishes, X. 635. 
 Lophodytes [lo-fod'-e-teez], (ornithology), XI. 
 
 406, 1 c. L. cucullatus, 2 a (ills.). 
 Lophoph'anes bicolor (ornithology), XY. 774 
 2 b (ill.). . 
 
472 
 
 LOPHOPHORUS 
 
 LOT’S WIFE 
 
 Lophoph'orus (ornithology), XIII. 386, 1 a. L. 
 
 Impeyanus, ib. (ill., 385). 
 
 Lophop'oda , molluscoids, XI. 724, 2 b. 
 Lophori'na atra (ornithology), II. 651, 1 b (ill.). 
 Lophortyx (ornithology), XIY. 126, 2 a. L. 
 Californicus, 2 ab (ill.). 
 
 Lopho'tes (ichthyology), XIY. 306, 2 c. L. 
 cepedianus, ib. 
 
 Loph'yrus abie'tis (entomology), XIY. 654,1 ab 
 (ill.). 
 
 Loquat , tree, XI. 356, 1 b. 
 
 Lorain', county, X. 635. 
 
 Lorca [lore'-ka], town of Spain, X. 635. 
 
 Lord, Nathan, American clergyman, X. 635. 
 Lord Clyde , ironclad, IX. 386, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Lord Fllenborough's act, I. 28, 2 c. 
 
 Lord of the fens: see Cromwell, Y. 501, 1 ab. 
 Lord of the Isles , title, VIII. 600, 2 c. 
 
 Lord Iceeper: see Chancellor, IY. 254, 1 a. 
 Lord Lansdowne’s act: see Abortion, I. 28, 2 c. 
 Lord may or ofLondon, election of, VIII. 305,2 c. 
 Lord of misrule, at an English Christmas, IY. 
 
 551, 2 a. Last appointment of, 552, 1 ab. 
 Lord privy seal, office of, referred to, XIII. 
 
 552, 1 ab. 
 
 Lords, House of: see Parliament, XIII. 113, lb. 
 Lords of the articles, Scottish, XIII. 116, 2 c. 
 Lord’s Day, X. 635. See Sunday. Views of 
 the Lutheran church, X. 733, 1 a. 
 
 Lord’s Supper, sacrament, X. 638. 
 
 Lord Tenterden’s act , X. 482, 2 c. 
 
 Lorenz [lo'-rents], Ottokar, German historian, 
 X. 641. 
 
 Lorenza Feliciana, wife of Count Cagliostro, 
 III. 549, 1 a. 
 
 [lo-ren-dze'-ne], (Lorenzo, 1652-1721, 
 incarcerated for a political offence 1681-1701), 
 imprisonment of, referred to, XYI. 407, 2 b. 
 Lorenzo de’ Medici : see Medici, XI. 343, 1 c. 
 Lorenzo the Magnificent : see Lorenzo de’ Medi¬ 
 ci (Index). 
 
 Loreto [lo-ra'-to], town of Italy, X. 641. Holy 
 house of, 1 b. 
 
 Loretto: see Loreto. 
 
 Loretto, Pennsylvania, VII. 583, 1 a. 
 
 Lori, animal, X. 641 (ill.). 
 
 Lorient, or L’Orient [lo-re-a ng ], France, X. 642. 
 V Original [lo-re-zhe-nal], county seats, XIII. 
 
 819, 1 c; XIY. 474, 2 c. 
 
 Lor'ikeet, bird, XIII. 124, 1 a. 
 
 Lorinser, Karl Ignaz [lo'-rin-zer], German phy¬ 
 sician, X. 642. Franz, theologian, 1 c. 
 Lorius (ornithology), X. 643, 2 c. L. domicel- 
 la, ib. 
 
 Lorme, Marion de: see Delorme. 
 
 Lome, marquis of, I. 699, 2 a. 
 
 Lorraine', old province of France, X. 642. 
 Lorraine, Charles de, French statesman, X. 643« 
 Lorraine, Claude: see Claude Lorraine. 
 Lorraine, Louise de, princess of Conti, referred 
 to, II. 371, 2 c. 
 
 Lortzing, Albert Gustav, German composer, 
 X. 643. 
 
 Lory, bird, X. 643. Papuan lory, 644, 1 b (ill.). 
 Los Angeles [locean'-jeh-less; Sp.an'- k ha-lace], 
 county, X. 644. 
 
 Los Angeles, city of California, X. 644. 
 
 Los Angeles grape, I. 420, 2 b. 
 
 Lo'schmidt, study of diffusion of gases by, XI. 
 713, 2 a. 
 
 Los IIerreros : see Breton de los Herreros. 
 Losinger, Hans [lo'-zing-er], supposed inventor 
 of the wooden bellows, II. 507, 1 c. 
 
 Los Luceros [loce loo-sa'-roce], county seat, XIY. 
 338, 2 be. 
 
 Lossing, Benson John, American author, X. 644. 
 Loss of Speech (aphasia): see Brain, Diseases 
 of the, III. 203, 2 b. 
 
 Lot, X. 645. 
 
 Lot, son of Haran, X. 645. 
 
 Lot [lo], river of France, X. 645. 
 
 Lot, department of France, X. 645. 
 
 Lota (ichthyology), III. 444, 1 be. L. vulgarig, 
 
 1 c (ill.). L. compressa, 2 a. L. maculosa, 
 ib. ; X. 506, 2 b. L. molva, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Lotbiniere [lo-be-nyair], county, X. 646. 
 Lot-et-Garonne [lo-a-ga-riin], department of 
 France, X. 646. 
 
 “ Lothair ,” novel, reputed hero of, III. 488,1 be. 
 Lothaire I. [lo-thair'j, emperor, X. 646. 
 Lothaire II. or III., the Saxon, emperor, X. 646. 
 Lothaire, king of Lorraine, X. 642, 2 be. His 
 controversy with the pope, XII. 429, 1 c. 
 Lotharingia : see Lorraine. 
 
 Lothringen [lo'-tring-en]: see Lorraine. 
 Lo'throp, Amy, pseudonyme, XYI. 458, 1 b. 
 Lotoph'agi, lotus-eaters, X. 649,1 a. Supposed 
 lotus of the, 1 ab; IX. 709, 2 b. 
 
 Lotos: see Lotus, X. 648, 2 c. 
 
 Lottery, X. 646; 174, 1 b. 
 
 Lotto, a Florentine lottery, X. 647, 1 ab. 
 Lotus, genus of plants, X. 648. L. cornicula- 
 tus, 2 be (ill.). L. Jacobseus, 2 c. L. arbor, 
 649, 1 b. White lotus of the Nile, XYI. 503, 
 
 2 c; blue, ib., and X. 649, 1 c. Sacred, ib ., 
 and XYI. 504, 1 c. See IX. 709, 2 b. 
 
 Lotus-eaters, X. 649, 1 a. 
 
 LoVs wife , pillar of salt, Y. 725, 2 c. 
 
LOTZE 
 
 LOUVAIN 
 
 473 
 
 Lotze, Rudolf Ilermann [lut'-s8h], German phi¬ 
 losopher, X. 649. 
 
 Louaillier [lwa-lya], arrested by Andrew Jack- 
 son, IX. 491, 1 a. 
 
 Loucheux [loo-shhh], Alaskalndians, IX. 788,1 a. 
 
 Loudon [low'-dun], two counties, X. 649. 
 
 London , county seat, X. 649, 2 c. 
 
 Loudon, Gideon Ernst: see Laudon. 
 
 Loudon, John Claudius, Scottish horticultu¬ 
 rist, X. 649. Jane, authoress, 650, 1 b. 
 
 Lough, John Graham [luf], English sculptor, 
 X. 650. (Died 1876.) 
 
 Loughborough, town of England, X. 650. 
 
 Loughborough, Baron: see Wedderburn. 
 
 Louis I., le Debonnaire [Fr. loo-e luh da-bun- 
 nair], or the Pious, king of the Franks and 
 emperor of the West, X. 650. 
 
 Louis IV. (d’Outremer), king of France, X. 651. 
 
 Louis F, le Faineant , X. 651, 2 a. 
 
 Louis VI., the Fat, fifth Capetian king, X. 651. 
 
 Louis VIII., the Lion, X. 651. 
 
 Louis IX., Saint, X. 652. Seventh crusade, 1 c; 
 eighth, 653, 1 a. 
 
 Louis XI., sixth of the house of Valois, X. 653. 
 Referred to, II. 591, 2 ab. 
 
 Louis XII., eighth of the house of Valois, X. 654. 
 
 Louis XIII., second of the house of Bourbon, 
 X. 655. 
 
 Louis XIV., the Great, X. 655. Internal ad¬ 
 ministration, 1 be; 659,1 be. Precedence of 
 France over Spain asserted, 656, 2 a. Quarrel 
 with the pope, 2 b. Literature, science, and 
 the arts fostered, 657, 1 b. Foreign policy, 
 2 a, ff. Augustan age of France, 659, 2 a. 
 Personal habits, 2 b. His grudge against the 
 prince de Conti, V. 287, 2 c. See France, 
 VII. 383, 1 c, ff. 
 
 Louis XV., X. 660; VII. 384, 1 a. 
 
 Louis XVI., X. 661. French revolution, 662, 
 2 b. Compelled to assume the name of Ca¬ 
 pet, III. 752, 1 a. See France, VII. 384, 
 
 1 c, ff. 
 
 Louis XVII., dauphin and titular king of 
 France, X. 664. 
 
 Louis XVIII., X. 664; VII. 391, 1 be. 
 
 Louis I., king of Bavaria, X. 665. Louis II., 
 
 2 c; II. 402, 2 c. 
 
 Louis IV., the Bavarian, emperor of Germany, 
 X. 665 ; IX. 647, 2 ab. 
 
 Louis I., king of Portugal, XIII. 741, 2 b. 
 
 Louis, Pierre Charles Alexandre, French phy¬ 
 sician, X. 666. 
 
 Louisa [loo-e'-za], two counties, X. 666. 
 
 Louisa , county seat, X. 230, 2 a. 
 
 Louisa, queen of Prussia, X. 666. Platonic 
 affection of the czar for her, referred to, I. 
 281, 2 c. 
 
 Louisa Court House , county seat, X. 666, 2 b. 
 Louisa Ulrica [ool-re'-ka], queen of Sweden, 
 X. 667. 
 
 Louis of Baden, German soldier, X. 667. See 
 Baden-Baden, Ludwig Wilhelm I., mar¬ 
 grave of. 
 
 Louis the Great, king of Hungary: see Hun¬ 
 gary, IX. 56, 2 c. 
 
 Louisburg [loo'-is-burg], ruined town of Nova 
 Scotia, X. 667. 
 
 Louisburg , county seat, VII. 433, 2 a. 
 
 Louis D’Or [loo-e dor], coin, X. 668. 
 
 Louise, Princess [loo-eez'], wife of the marquis 
 of Lome, I. 699, 2 a. 
 
 Louisiana, state, X. 668. State seal (ill.). Pop¬ 
 ulation, 2 c. Topography, 669, 2 a. Hydrog¬ 
 raphy, 2 c. Geology, 670, 2 a. Climate, 671, 
 1 ab. Diseases, 1 b. Soil and productions, 
 
 1 be. Manufactures, 2 c. Commerce, 672,1 b. 
 Intercommunication, 2 a. Banks, 2 c. Gov¬ 
 ernment, ib. Finances, 674,1 c. Public in¬ 
 stitutions, 675, 1 c. Education, 2 b. Libra¬ 
 ries, &c., 677, 1 c. Religious organizations, 
 
 2 ab.—History, 2 b. Purchase of Louisiana, 
 territory, 1 c; 546, 2 a; IX. 594, 2 c; II. 
 299, 1 b; XI. 762, 1 be. Boundary of, set¬ 
 tled by treaty, I. 101, 2 b. Louisiana code, 
 X. 547, 1 ab. Secession, 678, 1 b. Recon¬ 
 struction, 679, 1 c. 
 
 Louisiana grape, I. 418, 2 ab. 
 
 Louis Napoleon: see Bonaparte, Napoleon 
 III., and France, VII. 391, 2 b, ff. 
 
 Louis of Nassau, count, I. 370, 1 c; XVI. 636, 
 
 1 b, be, c. 
 
 Louis Philippe, king of the French, X. 680. 
 Revolution of 1830, 681, 1 c; of 1848, 682, 
 
 2 be. His reconciliation with Lafayette, 
 100, 2 be. 
 
 Louisville [loo'-is-vil; formerly loo'-e-vil], city 
 of Kentucky, X. 683. City hall (ill.). 
 Louisville, county seats, IV. 651, 2 a; IX. 586, 
 2 b; XIII. 775, 2 c; XVI. 673, 2 a. 
 Louisville and Portland canal, X. 683, 1 c. 
 Loup [loop], mass of agglutinated ore, II. 741,2 b. 
 Loup cervier [loo sair-vya], (Canada lynx), X. 
 754, 1 a. 
 
 Lourdes [loord], shrine of, XIII. 515, 1 a. 
 Louse: see Epizoa, VI. 695, 2 c (ill., 696). 
 Louth [lowth], county of Ireland, X. 6S5. 
 Loutii, town of England, X. 685. 
 
 Louvain [loo-va ne ], town of Belgium, X. 685. 
 
474 
 
 LOTJYEL 
 
 LUCCA 
 
 Town hall, 2 c (ill., 686). University, ib .; 
 VI. 413, 1 be; XYI. 214, 1 b. 
 
 Louvel [loo-vel]: see Berry, II. 581, 2 b. 
 
 Louvet de Couyray, Jean Baptiste [loo-va 
 duh koo-vra], French revolutionist, X. 686. 
 
 Louyiers [loo-vya], town of France, X. 686. 
 
 Louvois, Francois Michel Letellier, marquis de 
 [loo-vwa], French statesman, X. 687. 
 
 Louvre [loovr 1 ], public building of Paris, X. 
 687. Court of (ill.), 688. Louvre and Tuile- 
 ries before 1871 (ill.), XIII. 79, 2 c. 
 
 Lovat, Simon Fraser, lord [luv'-at], Scottish 
 Jacobite, X. 689. His place of concealment, 
 IY. 158, 1 b. 
 
 Love apple (tomato), XY. 791, 2 ab. 
 
 Love bird , XIII. 127, 1 a. Swindern’s, ib. 
 
 Love Feasts: see Agap^e. 
 
 Love in idleness , plant, XYI. 363, 1 a. 
 
 Loveira, Vasco de : see Lobeira. 
 
 Lovelace, Lady Augusta Ada: see Byron, III. 
 512, 2 a. 
 
 Lovelace, Richard, English poet, X. 689. 
 
 Love-lies-bleeding , plant, I. 376, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Lover, Samuel, Irish author, X. 689. 
 
 Lovers' leap , origin of the story, XIY. 619, 2 c. 
 
 “ Lovers' war," so styled, YIII. 655, 1 a, 2 be. 
 
 Lovingston, county seat, XII. 218, 2 c. 
 
 Lovini [lo-ve'-ne]: see Luini. 
 
 Low Archipelago, Pacific ocean, X. 690. 
 
 Low Countries : see Netherlands. 
 
 Lowe, Sir Hudson, English soldier, X. 690. 
 
 Lowe, Johann Karl Gottfried [lo'-vSh], Ger¬ 
 man composer, X. 691. 
 
 Lowe, Robert, English statesman, X. 691. 
 
 Lowe, Sophie, German vocalist, X. 691. 
 
 Lowell, city of Massachusetts, X. 691. 
 
 Lowell, family of Massachusetts, X. 693. Per- 
 cival, its founder, 1 a. John, statesman and 
 jurist, ib. John (2d), lawyer and political 
 writer, 1 c. Francis Cabot, merchant, 2 a; 
 Y. 413, 1 a; IX. 494,1 be. John, jr., foun¬ 
 der of the Lowell institute, X. 693, 2 ab. 
 Charles, clergyman, 2 c. Mary: see Put¬ 
 nam, Mary Lowell. Robert Traill Spence, 
 clergyman and author, 694,1 a. James Rus¬ 
 sell, poet, 1 b; XYI. 198, 2 a, 200, 1 be. 
 Maria (White), poet, X. 694, 2 c. 
 
 Loioell institute , X. 693, 2 c. 
 
 Lower, Richard, English physician, X. 695. 
 
 Lower California company , III. 615, 2 a. 
 
 Lower Canada : see Quebec, province. 
 
 Lower Empire : see Byzantine Empire. 
 
 Lowestoft [lo'-stoft], town of England, X. 695. 
 
 Lowlanders: see Scotland, XIY. 700, 2 ab. 
 
 Lowland people, Alaska Indians, IX. 788, 1 a. 
 
 Lowlands, the, Scotland, YIII. 722, 2 c. 
 
 Lowndes [lowndz], three counties, X. 695. 
 
 Lowndes, Rawlins, American lawyer and pa* 
 triot, X. 695. William Jones, 2 c. 
 
 Low pine, plant, YIII. 832, 1 c. 
 
 Lowry, S. J., improvement of the sextant by, 
 XIY. 804, 1 ab. 
 
 Lowtii, William, English theologian, X. 696. 
 Robert, bishop, 1 b. 
 
 Loxa : see Loja. 
 
 Loxia curvirostra (ornithology), Y. 514, 2 b. 
 
 Loxidromic curve, XII. 180, 2 b. 
 
 Loyo'la, Saint Ignatius de, founder of the 
 society of Jesus, X. 696; IX. 624, 1 ab. 
 
 Loyson, Charles [lwa-zo ng ], (Pere Hyacinthe), 
 French pulpit orator, X. 697. 
 
 Lozenge, in heraldry, YIII. 672, 2 c. (See plate.) 
 
 Lozengy, in heraldry, YIII. 673,1 a. (See plate.) 
 
 LozkRE [luh-zair], department of France, X. 
 697. 
 
 Lualaba [loo-a-la'-ba], river of Africa, XII. 447, 
 2 c. (Followed into the Congo by Stanley, 
 1877.) 
 
 Lubbock, Sir John William, English astrono¬ 
 mer, X. 698. Sir John, physicist, 1 c. On 
 the tumuli of Carnac, IY. 6, 1 c. 
 
 Lubeck, free city of Germany, X. 698. Market 
 place (ill.). Peace of, YII. 133, 1 c. 
 
 Lubke, Wilhelm [liip'-keh], German historian 
 of art, X. 699. 
 
 Lublin [loo'-blin], government of Russian Po¬ 
 land, X. 699. Capital city, 2 a. 
 
 Luby, Thomas C., Fenian leader, YII. 125,1 c; 
 126, 1 a, 2 b. 
 
 Luca (Lucca), X. 701, 2 be. 
 
 Luca Giordano : see Giordano. 
 
 Luca di Borgo: see Paciolus (Index). 
 
 Lucan (Marcus Annaeus Lucanus), Roman 
 poet, X. 699; 197, 1 a. 
 
 Lucan, George Charles Bingham, earl of, Bri¬ 
 tish soldier, X. 700. His fatal order at Ba- 
 laklava, II. 231, 2 c. 
 
 Lucania, in ancient geography, X. 700. 
 
 Luca’nus (entomology), II. 477, 1 c. L. cervus, 
 XY. 302, 1 c (ill.). L. capreolus, 2 c. 
 
 Lucas, two counties, X. 700. 
 
 Lucas, Charles Jean Marie [lii-ka], French 
 economist, X. 700. 
 
 Lucas, Frederick, English journalist, X. 701. 
 
 Lucas, John, English painter, X. 701. 
 
 Lucca [look'-ka], province of Italy, X. 701 
 Capital city, 2 a. History, 2 be. 
 
 Lucca, Pauline, German vocalist, X. 702. 
 
LUCCIIESI-P ALLI 
 
 LUMPKIN 
 
 475 
 
 Lucchesi-Palli, Count Ettore de [look-ka'-ze- 
 pal'-le], II. 582, 1 a. 
 
 Lucena [loo-tha'-na], town of Spain, X. 702. 
 
 Lucera [loo-cha'-ra], town of Italy, X. 702. 
 
 Luceren'ses : seo Luceres (Index). 
 
 Lu'ceres, tribe in Koine, XIII. 167, 2 c ; XIY. 
 419, 1 a. 
 
 Lucern', forage plant, X. 702 (ill.). 
 
 Lucerne' [Fr. lu-sairn], canton of Switzerland, 
 X. 703. Capital, 704,1 a (view). Lake, 2 c. 
 
 Luciietto da Genova [loo-ket'-to da jen'-o-va]: 
 see Cambiaso. 
 
 Lucian, Greek author, X. 704. Ilis descrip¬ 
 tion of Menippus, XI. 388, 2 a. 
 
 Lucian, Saint, theologian, X. 705. 
 
 Lucifer, morning star, X. 705. In mythology, 
 2 a. A name of the devil, ib. 
 
 Lucifer, bishop of Cagliari, X. 705. 
 
 Lucifer match: see Matcii. 
 
 Luciferiani , sect, X. 705, 2 c. 
 
 Lucif'uga (ichthyology), II. 723, 1 b. 
 
 Lucilius, Caius, Latin poet, X. 705; 193, 2 b. 
 
 Luci'na, goddess, X. 706; YI. 77, 2 a. 
 
 Lucke, Gottfried Christian Friedrich [luk'- 
 keh], German theologian, X. 706. 
 
 Luckenwalde [look'-ken-val-d§h], town of 
 Prussia, X. 706. 
 
 Luckner, Nicholas [look'-ner], marshal of 
 France, X. 706. 
 
 Lucknouti [luk-now'-te]: see Gour. 
 
 Luck'now, capital of Oude, X. 706. The Har- 
 tiniere, 2 c (ill., 707). Siege of, 707, 1 a; 
 YIII. 522, 1 c. See Campbell, Sir Colin. 
 
 Luqon [lu-so" g ], town of France, X. 707. 
 
 Luqon [loo-sone'], island : see Luzon. 
 
 Lucretia : see Brutus, Lucius Junius, and 
 Tarquin, XY. 573, 1 b. 
 
 Lucretius, Latin poet, X. 707. His views 
 concerning heat referred to, YIII. 567, 1 b. 
 
 Lucullus, Lucius Licinius, Roman general, 
 X. 708. 
 
 Lu'cumo, Etrurian priest and ruler, YI. 765, 2 c. 
 
 Lucus Augusti (Lugo), X. 710, 2 a. 
 
 Lucy, Sir Thomas, Shakespeare’s persecutor, 
 XIY. 813, 2 be. Referred to, YII. 361, 2 c. 
 
 Luden, Heinrich [loo'-den], German historian, 
 X. 708. 
 
 Luders, Alexander Nikolayevitch [lu'-derce], 
 Russian general, X. 708. 
 
 Ludi Apollinares, I. 586, 2 a. Soeculares, ib. 
 Capitolini, HI. 757, 1 b; computation of 
 time by their celebration, ib. Compitalitii: 
 see Compitalia. 
 
 Lud'ington, city of Michigan, X. 709. 
 
 Ludlow, borough of England, X. 709. 
 
 Ludlow, Edmund, English republican, X. 709. 
 Ludolf: see Ludolphus. 
 
 Ludolphus, Job, German orientalist, X. 709. 
 Ludovisio, Alessandro (Pope Gregory XY.), 
 YIII. 245, 1 b. 
 
 Ludwig, Karl Friedrich Wilhelm [lood'-vi e h], 
 German physiologist, X. 709. 
 
 Ludwig, Otto, German poet, X. 709. 
 Ludwigsburg [lood'-viks-boorg], town of Wtir- 
 temberg, X. 710. 
 
 Ludwig’s Canal : see Canal, III. 684, 1 a. 
 LuDwiGsnAFEN [lood'-viks-ha-fen], town of 
 Bavaria, X. 710. 
 
 Ludwigslied [-leet], early German poem, YII. 
 763, 1 a. 
 
 Lugano [loo-ga'-no], Switzerland, X. 710. 
 Lugan'ski, Kosak, nom de plume: see Dahl, 
 Yladimir Ivanovitch. 
 
 Lugdu'num: see Lyons, X. 758, 1 be. 
 Lugdunum Batavorum (Leyden), X. 392,1 ab. 
 Lug dunum Clavatum: see Laon. 
 
 Lugo [loo'-go], province of Spain, X. 710. 
 Capital city, 2 a. 
 
 Lugos [loo'-gosh], town of Hungary, X. 710. 
 Luguvallio or Luguvallum: see Carlisle (city). 
 Luigi, Andrea di [loo-e'-je], painter, X. 710. 
 LuiJc [loik]: see LiIsge, city. 
 
 Luikerland: see Liege, province. 
 
 Luini, Bernardino [loo-e'-ne], painter, X. 710. 
 Luisenburg [loo-e'-zen-boorg], palace of, II. 
 695, 2 b. 
 
 Luitprand [loo'-it-prand], king of Lombardy, 
 X. 711. 
 
 Luitprand, Lombard historian, X. 711. 
 
 Luke, Saint, the evangelist, X. 711. 
 
 Lukin, Lionel, inventor of life boat, X. 420,1 c. 
 Lufco, grain, Y. 240, 2 be. 
 
 Lully, or Lulli, Jean Baptiste [lii-le], French 
 composer, X. 712; XII. 90, 1 b. 
 
 Lul'ly, Raymond, Spanish philosopher, X. 
 712. 
 
 Lumachella mar5?6s[loo-ma-kel'-la], XI. 147,2b. 
 Lumba'go : see Rheumatism. 
 
 Lumber: see Wood, XYI. 704, 1 a. 
 Lumberton, county seat, XIY. 358, 1 b. 
 Lumbricus terrestris (annelida), YI. 370, 1 c 
 (ill.). Other species, 371, 2 be. 
 
 Luminous cone, in flame, YII. 253, 2 c (ill.). 
 Lumley, lords of, their effigies, IV. 390, 1 be. 
 
 Lumley castle, 1 c. 
 
 Lump Fish, X. 713 (ill.). 
 
 Lumpkin, county, X. 714. 
 
 Lumpkin, county seat, XY. 382, 2 a. 
 
476 
 
 LUMPKIN 
 
 LUTHERAN 
 
 Lumpkin, "Wilson, American statesman, X. 714. 
 
 Joseph Henry, lawyer, 2 b. 
 
 Lump sucker : see Lump Fish. 
 
 Luna, in mythology, X. 715. 
 
 Luna , alchemical name of silver, XY. 47, 2 a. 
 Luna, Pedro de [da loo'-na], ecclesiastic (Bene¬ 
 dict XIII., antipope), X. 715. 
 
 Lunacy, X. 715. Custody of lunatics and 
 idiots, 2 be. As a defence for criminal acts, 
 716, 1 a, 2 c. As invalidating civil con¬ 
 tracts, 2 a. See Insanity, and Medical 
 
 JURISPRUDENCE. 
 
 Lunalilo, William Charles [loo-na-le'-lo], Ha¬ 
 waiian king, X. 718. 
 
 Lunar Caustic : see Nitrates, XII. 463, 1 b. 
 Lunar Cycle, X. 719; III. 579, 2 b. 
 
 Lunar method , in navigation, XII. 181, 1 b. 
 Lunarium: see Orrery, XII. 711, 2 a. 
 
 Lund [loond], town of Sweden, X. 719. Uni¬ 
 versity, 1 c. 
 
 Lundy, Benjamin, abolitionist, X. 719. 
 
 Lundy Foot snuff, XY. 783, 2 b. 
 
 Lundy’s Lane, Battle of, X. 720. 
 
 Luneburg [lii'-nSh-boorg], Prussia, X. 720. 
 Laneburger Heide [lii'-neh-boor-gher hi'-deh], 
 heaths in Prussia, X. 720, 1 c. 
 
 Lunel, town of France, X. 720. Lunel wine, 
 YII. 411, 2 c. 
 
 Lu'nenburg, county of Yirginia, X. 720. 
 Lunenburg, county of Nova Scotia, X. 720. 
 Lunenburg, county seat, X. 720, 2 b. 
 
 Lunette', in fortification, YII. 335, 1 be. 
 Luneville [lu-na-veel], city of France, X. 720. 
 Peace of, 2 b; YII. 754, 1 c; XI. 397, 1 be; 
 XY. 213, 1 c; XYI. 744, 2 b. 
 
 Lung, root of the: see Chest, IY. 387, 2 a. 
 Lung fever: see Pneumonia. Among cattle, 
 XII. 57, 1 be; 58, 2 c, tf. 
 
 Lung plague, among cattle, XII. 58, 2 c, ff. 
 Lungs, X. 720 (ills.). See Chest. Diseases 
 of the: see Bronchitis, Consumption, and 
 Pneumonia. 
 
 Lungwort, herb, X. 722 (ill.). 
 
 Luno [loo'-no], grain, Y. 240, 2 be. 
 
 Lunt, George, American author, X. 722. 
 Luperca'lia, Roman festival, X. 723. 
 
 Luper'ci: see Lupercalia, X. 723, 1 c. 
 Lupercus, in mythology, X. 723, 1 b. 
 
 Lupine [lu'-pin], plant, X. 723 (ill.). Lupine 
 region, 2 a. 
 
 Lupi'nus (botany), X. 723, 1 c. L. polyphyl- 
 lus, 724, 1 a (ill., 723), and other species. 
 Lupuline [lu'-pu-lin], resinous substance, YIII. 
 809, 1 a, 2 c. Tincture of, 810, 1 c. 
 
 Lupus, Hugh, earl of Chester, IY. 388, 2 c; 
 389, 1 a. 
 
 Luray', county seat, XII. 789, 2 b. 
 
 Lurcher : see Greyhound, YIII. 254, 1 c; 
 III. 426, 1 a; XY. 663, 1 b. 
 
 Luristan', province of Persia, X. 724. 
 
 Lusatia, region of Germany, X. 724. Dia¬ 
 lects of: see Wends, XYI. 553, 1 a. 
 
 Luscin'ia philome'la (ornithology), XII. 443, 
 2 b (ill., 444). 
 
 Luscinidce (ornithology), II. 676, 1 c, 2 b. 
 
 Lusiiington, Stephen, English jurist, X. 724. 
 His opinion in regard to the separation of 
 Lord and Lady Byron, 725, 1 a. 
 
 Lusiad, poem of Camoens, III. 658, 2 a. 
 
 Lusignan, Guy de [lu-se-nya ng ], king of Jerusa¬ 
 lem, II. 238, 2 c, 239, 1 a; of Cyprus, V. 
 617, 1 a. (The former crown exchanged 
 for the latter, 1192. Died 1194.) James 
 II. de Lusignan, king of Cyprus: see Cor- 
 naro, Y. 360, 1 a. (Father of the last king, 
 James III., born posthumously 1473, died 
 1475.) Hugh de, enemy of King John of 
 England, IX. 649, 1 b. 
 
 Lusitani : see Lusitania. 
 
 Lusitania, in ancient geography, X. 725. 
 
 Lustration, ceremonial purification, X. 725. 
 
 Lustrum , period of time, X. 725, 2 b. 
 
 Lute, musical instrument, X. 725. 
 
 Lute, adhesive mixture, X. 725. 
 
 Luteoline [lu'-te-o-lin], coloring matter, YI. 
 341, 2 c; XYI. 546, 2 a. 
 
 Luteoleine [lu-te-o-le'-in], XYI. 546, 2 a. 
 
 Lutetia (Paris), XIII. 89, 1 b. 
 
 Lu'ther, Martin [Ger. loot'-er], leader of the 
 German reformation, X. 726. Origin of 
 the reformation, 2 be. Before the diet of 
 Worms, 727, 1 c. The peasants’ war, 2 c; 
 XIII. 216, 1 c. His marriage, X. 727, 2 c. 
 Efforts in behalf of popular education, Y. 
 157, 1 c; X. 728,1 ab. Yiews of the sacra¬ 
 ment, 639, 1 a; 728, 2 a. Characterization 
 of, 729, 1 a. His works, 730, 1 a; transla¬ 
 tion of the Bible, 1 ab ; its influence on the 
 German language, YII. 764, 1 b.—His con¬ 
 cealment in the castle of Coburg, IY. 773, 
 1 a; in the Wartburg, XYI. 465, 2 ab, X. 
 727, 2 b. Luther’s beech, I. 360, 2 c; Lu¬ 
 ther’s spring, ib. His assent to the bigamy 
 of Philip of Hesse, XIII. 416, 1 c. His 
 house in Judenbach, IX. 702, 1 c. Relics 
 of: see Eisleben. See Leo X., X. 348, 
 1 be, 2 ab. 
 
 Lutheran CnuRcn, X. 731. Doctrine, 1 b; 
 
LUTHERAN 
 
 LYMAN 
 
 477 
 
 baptism, 732, 1 b; consubstantiation, 1 c; 
 ubiquity, 2 b; Lord’s day, 733, 1 a. Con¬ 
 troversies, 1 b; XIY. 246, 1 b. Divine 
 worship, X. 733, 2 b. Constitution of the 
 church, 734, 1 b. Theological science, 2 b. 
 Education, 735, 2 ab. Early missions, 2 be. 
 Membership, 736, 1 a. Formula of Con¬ 
 cord, 733, 1 c: see Concordia Formula. 
 Lutheran and Catholic churches, plan for re¬ 
 union of, X. 322, 2 c; 324, 1 a. 
 
 Lutherod, Colonel , pseudonyme, IX. 673, 2 a. 
 Luting: see Lute. 
 
 Lu'tins [Fr. lii-ta ng ]: see Fairies, VII. 64,1 be. 
 Lutke, Feodor Petrovitch [lut'-keh], Russian 
 traveller, X. 736. 
 
 Luton, town of England, X. 736. Luton IIoo 
 Park, country seat, ib. ; II. 449, 2 c. 
 
 Lutra (zoology), XII. 735, 2 b. L. Canadensis, 
 2 c (ill.). L. Brasiliensis, 736, 1 b. L. vul¬ 
 garis, 1 be; YII. 538, 1 c. 
 
 Lutreo'la (zoology), XI. 600, 2 a. 
 
 Luttich [liit'-ti'h] : see Liege. 
 
 Lutzen, town of Prussia, X. 736. Battle of, 
 2 a; YIII. 338, 2 c; XYI. 436, 2 a. 
 
 Lutzow, Ludwig Adolf Wilhelm, baron [lut'- 
 so], Prussian general, X. 736. Liitzow’sches 
 Freicorps, 2 b. 
 
 Lu'waok: see Paradoxurus, XIII. 61, 2 c (ill.). 
 Lux, Adam [looks], German enthusiast, X. 
 
 736. See Corday, Y. 344, 1 c. 
 
 Luxembourg [luks-a ng -boor], palace of the, XIII. 
 
 83, 1 c. Museum of, 87, 1 c. 
 
 Luxembourg, Frangois Henri de Montmorency - 
 Bouteville, duke de, X. 736. 
 
 Luxemburg [looks'-em-boorg], territory, X. 
 
 737. Province of Belgium, 2 b. Grand 
 duchy, 2 c. Proposed sale to France, 738, 
 1 c; YII. 759, 1 b. 
 
 Luxemburg, capital of the grand duchy, X. 738. 
 Luxemburg, duke of, tried for a compact with 
 the devil, II. 408, 1 b. 
 
 Luxillus Americanus (ichthyology), Y. 629, 
 1 a. L. compressus, ib. 
 
 Luxor : see Thebes, XY. 688, 2 a (ill.). Obe¬ 
 lisk of, XIII. 80, 1 be. 
 
 Luynes, Charles d'Albert, duke de [duh lii- 
 een], constable of France, X. 738, 2 c; I. 
 470, 1 a. 
 
 Luynes, Honor6 Theodoric Paul Joseph d’Al¬ 
 bert, duke de, archaeologist, X. 738. 
 
 Luz (Bethel), II. 594, 1 ab. 
 
 Luzac, Jean [lu-zak], Dutch philologist, X. 739. 
 Luzern [loo-tsairn']: see Lucerne. 
 
 Luzerne [lu-zurn'j, county, X. 739. 
 
 Luzerne, chevalier de la [la lii-zairn], (Anne 
 C6sar, 1741—’91), French minister to the 
 United States (1779-’83), I. 88, 1 b. 
 
 Luzon [loo-sone'J, island, Philippines, X. 739. 
 Lu'zula, genus of plants, 1 X. 740. L. pilosa, 
 741, 1 a. L. campestris, ib. (ill., 740). 
 Lycal’opex (zoology), XYI. 695, 2 c. 
 Lycanthro'pia, lycan' thropis: see Demonology, 
 Y. 796, 1 b. 
 
 Lycan'thropy, form of insanity, XII. 199, 1 b. 
 
 See Lycanthropia (Index). 
 
 Lyca'on, mythical king of Arcadia, X. 741. 
 Lycaon (zoology), IX. 100, 2 c; 101, 2 c. L. 
 
 venaticus, 102, 1 a (ill.). L. pictus, 1 be. 
 Lyoao'nia, in ancient geography, X. 741. 
 Lyce'um, in ancient Athens, X. 741; I. 706, 
 
 1 b ; YIII. 351, 1 a. Site of, II. 61, 2 a. 
 Lychnis [lik'-nis], genus of plants, X. 741. L. 
 
 Chalcedonica, 2 a (ill.)* L- gitliago, 742,1 a. 
 Other species. 
 
 Lycia [lisli'-a], in ancient geography, X. 742. 
 Lyciscus (zoology), YI. 178, 2 be. L. latrans, 
 
 2 c. L. cagottis, ib. L. tigris, ib. 
 
 Lycoming [li-kom'-ing], county, X. 742. 
 
 Lycon, Greek philosopher, X. 743. 
 Lycoper'don, genus of fungi, X. 743; YII. 
 
 533, 1 c. L. giganteum, X. 743, 1 c (ilk). 
 Lycopersicum esculentum (botany), XY. 791,2 a. 
 Lyc'ophron, Greek poet, X. 744. 
 
 Lycopodium (botany), X. 744. L. clavatum, 
 2 a (ill.), and other species. 
 
 Lycurgus, Spartan legislator, X. 745. Laws 
 of, XIII. 664, 2 b; XY. 231, 2 b. Their 
 effect on the distribution of landed estates, 
 I. 187, 2 b. 
 
 Lycurgus, Attic orator, X. 746. 
 
 Lycurgus, mythical king, II. 193, 2 a. 
 
 Lydel’la doryph'ora (entomology), XIII. 769, 
 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Lydgate, John, English poet, X. 746, 
 
 Lydia, in ancient geography, X. 746. 
 
 Lydian Stone, X. 747; IX. 570, 2 b. 
 
 Lye: see Potash, XIII. 757, 2 ab. 
 
 Lye, Edward, English philologist, X. 747. 
 Lyell, Sir Charles, geologist, X. 747. His defi¬ 
 nition of geology, YII. 687, 1 ab. (D. 1875.) 
 Lyg'damis, tyrant of Naxos, X. 748. 
 
 Lygceus [li-je'-us], (entomology),YIII. 629, 2 ab. 
 L. leucopterus, ib. 
 
 Lygeum sparteum (botany), YIII. 167, 1 c. 
 Lygodium, genus of climbing ferns, X. 748; YII. 
 
 151, 2 c. L. palmatum, X. 749, 1 a (ill.), &c. 
 Lyly, John : see Lilly. 
 
 Lyman, county, X. 749. 
 
478 
 
 LYMAN 
 
 MACARONI 
 
 Lyman, Phineas, American soldier, X. 749. 
 
 Lyman process, in paper making, XIII. 48, 1 c. 
 
 Lyme-Regis, borough of England, X. 749. 
 
 Lympii, a fluid of the animal system, X. 749. 
 
 Lymphatic temperament, XV. 684, 1 a. 
 
 Lymphatic vessels, X. 749, 2 c. Reputed dis¬ 
 coverer of the system of, II. 347, 1 b. Lym¬ 
 phatic ducts, X. 749, 2 c ; glands, ib. 
 
 Lynceus [lin'-suce], in Greek legend, Y. 662,1 b. 
 
 Lynch, Patrick Nieson, American bishop, X. 
 750. 
 
 Lynch, Thomas, Jr., a signer of the Declara¬ 
 tion of Independence, X. 750. 
 
 Lynch, William F., naval officer, X. 751. 
 
 Lynch, Mrs.: see Lopez, X. 633, 2 c, 634, 2 be. 
 
 Lynchburg, city of Virginia, X. 751. 
 
 Lynchburg, county seat, XI. 801, 2 a. 
 
 Lynch Law, X. 751. 
 
 Lyndhurst, John Singleton Copley, baron, 
 English statesman, X. 752. 
 
 Lyndsay, Sir David : see Lindsay. 
 
 Lynn, city of Massachusetts, X. 752. 
 
 Lynn, Eliza: see Linton, X. 514, 1 b. 
 
 Lynn-Regis, borough of England, X. 753. 
 
 Lynx, animal, X. 753. Canada lynx (L. Cana¬ 
 densis), 754, 1 a (ill., 753). Bay lynx (L. 
 rufus), 1 b (ill.). European lynx, 2 a. L. 
 caracal, 2 c (ill.). Other species. Fur of, 
 VII. 538, 2 c. Lynx cat, ib. 
 
 Lyon, five counties, X. 755. 
 
 Lyon [le-o ng ]: see Lyons, France. 
 
 Lyon, George Francis, English traveller, X. 755. 
 
 Lyon, Mary, American teacher, X. 755. 
 
 Lyon, Matthew, politician, X. 755. 
 
 Lyon, Nathaniel, soldier, X. 756. 
 
 Lyonnais [le-un-na], former province of France, 
 X. 756. 
 
 Lyons, city of France, X. 756 (view, 757). 
 Peace of, IV. 300, 2 c. 
 
 Lyons, town and village of New York, X. 758. 
 
 Lyons, Gulf of, X. 758. 
 
 Lyons, Edmund, lord, admiral, X. 759. Rich¬ 
 ard Bickerton Pemell, lord, diplomatist, 1 c. 
 
 Lyons gold lace, 111. 213, 2 c. 
 
 Lypemania: see Dancing Disease, V. 664, 1 b. 
 
 Lyra da gamba [le'-ra da gam'-ba], musical in¬ 
 strument, XVI. 366, 2 c. 
 
 Lyre, musical instrument, X. 759. Greek hep¬ 
 tachord, 2 b (ill.). Egyptian lyre in British 
 museum, 760, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Lyre Bird, X. 760 (ill.). 
 
 Lyrnessus: see Tenedos. 
 
 Lysander, Spartan soldier, X. 760; I. 263, 1 a; 
 186, 1 c. 
 
 Lysias, Athenian orator, X. 761. 
 
 Lysides [lis'-e-kleez]: see Aspasia, II. 19, 2 b. 
 
 Lysimachia [lis-e-ma'-ke-a], genus of plants, 
 X. 761. L. nummularia, 2 b (ill.), &c. 
 
 Lysimaciius [li-sim'-a-kus], Greek general, king 
 of Thrace, X. 762. 
 
 Lysippus, Greek sculptor, X. 762. 
 
 Lyth'rum, genus of plants, X. 762 (ill., 763). 
 
 Lyttelton, George, lord, English author and 
 statesman, X.763. Thomas, second baron, 2 b. 
 
 Lyttelton, Sir Thomas: see Littleton. 
 
 Lytton-Bulwer : see Bulwer-Lytton. 
 
 M 
 
 M, a letter, X. 763. In ancient and modern 
 languages, 1 c. Euphonic changes, 2 c. As 
 a numeral, 764, 1 a. 
 
 Ma [ma], moon goddess, temple of, V. 131, 2 c. 
 
 Maas [mas]: see Meuse. 
 
 Maastricht: see Maestricht. 
 
 Mab, fairy, X. 764; VII. 65, 1 be. 
 
 Mabillon, Jean [ma-be-yo ng ], French author, 
 X. 764. 
 
 Mabinogion, Cymric collection, IV. 179, 2 a. 
 
 Mably, Gabriel Bonnot de [ma-ble], French 
 publicist, X. 764. 
 
 Mabuse, Jan [ma-buz], Flemish painter, X. 
 764. 
 
 Mac, Gaelic prefix, meaning of, XII. 128, 1 b. 
 
 Maca'cus (zoology), X. 766, 1 c. M. nemestri- 
 
 nus, 2 c (ill.), and other species. ,M. eoce- 
 nus, XI. 753, 1 c. 
 
 Macadam, John Loudon, Scottish engineer, X. 
 764. Sir James, 765, 1 c. 
 
 MacAdam, James, jr., his prize essay upon 
 flax, VII. 265, 2 ab. 
 
 Macafee', Daniel, Irish clergyman, X. 765. 
 
 Macao [ma-kow'J, Portuguese dependency and 
 city in China, X. 765 (view, 766). 
 
 Macapa [ma-ka-pa'], town of Brazil, X. 766. 
 
 Macaque [ma-kak'], animal, X. 766. Wan- 
 deroo, 2 b. Pig-tailed macaque, 2 c (ill.). 
 Barbary ape, 767, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Macaranduba, Brazilian tree, III. 223, 2 ab. 
 
 Macarius, founder of monasteries, XI. 728, 2 c. 
 
 Macaro'ni, X. 767; VIII. 46, 1 b. 
 
MACARONIC 
 
 McENTEE 
 
 479 
 
 Macaron'ic Poetry, X. 767. 
 
 McArthur , county seat, XVI. 361, 1 a. 
 
 Me Arthur, Duncan, American pioneer, X. 767. 
 
 Macartney, George, earl, diplomatist, X. 768. 
 
 Macartney rose , VIII. 604, 2 be; XIV. 434, 2 a. 
 
 Macassar, Dutch government in Celebes, X. 
 768. Town, 2 a. 
 
 Macassar, Strait of, X. 768. 
 
 Macassars , a people of Celebes, X. 768, 1 c; 
 III. 418, 2 b. 
 
 Macauco : see Lemur, X. 339, 1 be (mococo). 
 
 Macaulay, Catharine (Sawbridge), English 
 authoress, X. 768. 
 
 Macaulay, Thomas Babington, baron, his¬ 
 torian, essayist, and statesman, X. 768. See 
 Political Economy, XIII. 670, 1 c. 
 
 Macaulay , Zachary, philanthropist, X. 769, 1 a. 
 
 Macaw', bird, X. 770 (ill.). 
 
 Magayo [ma-sa-yo'] : see Macei6. 
 
 Macbeth, Scottish chieftain, X. 771. Histori¬ 
 cal groundwork of Shakespeare’s tragedy, 
 VI. 433, 2 ab. 
 
 Maccabees : see Asmoneans, and Hebrews, 
 VIII. 592, 1 b. 
 
 Maccabees, Books of, X. 771. 
 
 M' Call, founder of Almack’s, I. 340, 1 b. 
 
 MacCallum More: see Argyll, I. 698, 2 a. 
 
 McCarthy, Justin, Irish author, X. 772. 
 
 McCarthy, Sir Charles , governor, I. 807, 1 c. 
 
 Maccaroni: see Macaroni. A stage character, 
 VIII. 463, 2 b. 
 
 McCheyne, Robert Murray [mak-chain'], Scot¬ 
 tish clergyman, X. 772. 
 
 Maccheroni [mak-ka-ro'-ne] : see Macaroni. 
 
 Macchi, Mauro[mak'-ke], Italian author, X. 773. 
 
 MAccniAVELLi: see Machiavelli. 
 
 McClellan, George Brinton, American soldier 
 and engineer, X. 773. See Lincoln, 493, 
 2 a, 496, 2 a. (Elected governor of New 
 Jersey 1877.) 
 
 Mac'clesfield, town of England, X. 774. 
 
 Macclesfield, Lord Chancellor , impeachment of, 
 III. 264, 2 b. 
 
 McClintock, Sir Francis Leopold, naval offi¬ 
 cer and explorer, X. 774; I. 677, 2 a. 
 
 McClintock, John, American clergyman and 
 scholar, X. 774. 
 
 McCloskey, John [mak-klus'-ke], archbishop 
 of New York, X. 775. (Cardinal, 1875.) 
 
 McClure, Sir Robert John Le Mesurier, British 
 navigator, X. 775.. 
 
 Maccaboy snuff, XV. 783, 2 c. 
 
 Me Connellsburg, county seat, VII. 524, 1 c. 
 
 McConnellsville , county seat, XI. 827, 1 b. 
 
 McCook, county, X. 776. 
 
 McCormick, Cyrus, reaper o^ XII. 16, 1 c. 
 
 McCosii, James, Scottish metaphysician, X. 
 776. On logic, 582, 1 b. See Philosophy, 
 XIII. 447, 2 b. 
 
 McCracken, county, X. 776. 
 
 McCrea, Jane [mak-kra'], X. 776. 
 
 McCrie, Thomas [mak-kre'], Scottish author, 
 X. 776. 
 
 McCulloch [mak-kul'-luh], county, X. 777. 
 
 McCuLLOcn, John, British physicist, X. 777. 
 
 McCuLLOcn, John Ramsey, Scottish political 
 economist, X. 777; XIII. 672, 1 c. 
 
 Macdiarmid, John [mak-der'-mid], Scottish 
 author, X. 778. John (2d), author, 1 b. 
 
 McDon'ald, county, X. 778. 
 
 McDonald , Alexander , modern Gaelic poet, 
 XII. 721, 2 b. 
 
 Macdonald, Etienne Jacques Joseph Alexan¬ 
 dre [mak-duh-nal], duke of Taranto, French 
 soldier, X. 778. 
 
 Macdonald, Flora, Scottish heroine, X. 779. 
 
 Macdonald, Gen. (Francis, 1777-1837), Neapo¬ 
 litan minister, III. 26, 2 b. His secret mar¬ 
 riage with Queen Caroline, 2 be. 
 
 MacDonald, George, British author, X. 779. 
 
 Macdonald, James, American physician, X. 779. 
 
 Macdonald of Glencoe, VIII. 31, 1 c. 
 
 McDonough [mak-don'-o], county, X. 779. 
 
 McDonough , county seat, VIII. 640, 2 a. 
 
 Macdonough, Thomas, American naval officer, 
 X. 780 ; IV. 249, 2 c. 
 
 McDougall, Alexander, soldier, X. 780. 
 
 McDowell, two counties, X. 780. 
 
 McDowell, Irvin, American soldier, X. 780. 
 
 McDowell, Patrick, British sculptor, X. 780. 
 
 Macduff, thane of Fife, VI. 433, 2 b; X. 771, 
 2 c. 
 
 McDuffie, county, X. 781. 
 
 McDuffie, George, American statesman, X. 781. 
 
 Mace : see Nutmeg, XII. 542, 1 b. Oil of, 2 b. 
 
 Mace , in billiards, II. 641, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Mace, Jean [ma-sa], French author, X. 781. 
 
 Macedo, Joaquim Manoel de [ma-sa'-do], Bra¬ 
 zilian author, X. 781. 
 
 Macedon [mas'-e-don] : see Macedonia. 
 
 Macedo'nia, ancient country, X. 782. 
 
 Macedonian dialects, VIII. 203, 1 c. 
 
 Macedonians (followers of Macedonius, patri¬ 
 arch of Constantinople 341-360): see Trini¬ 
 ty, XV. 870, 1 a. 
 
 Macei6 [ma-sa-yo'], city of Brazil, X. 782. 
 
 McEntee, Jervis [mak'-en-te], American paint¬ 
 er, X. 783. 
 
480 
 
 MACERATA 
 
 MACLEOD 
 
 Macerata [ma-cha-ru'-ta], province of Italy, 
 X. 783. City, 1 c. 
 
 Maceration , XIII. 289, 2 c. 
 
 Macfarren, George Alexander, English com¬ 
 poser, X. 783. 
 
 McFerrin, John Berry, American clergyman, 
 X. 783. 
 
 MacFlecknoe , poem : see Flecknoe. 
 
 McGarrahan claim , referred to, XI. 401, 2 ab. 
 
 McGee, Thomas d’Arcy [mak-ghe'J, Irish jour¬ 
 nalist, X. 784; VII. 129, 2 c. 
 
 MacGeoghegan, James [mak-ghe'-gan], Irish 
 historian, X. 784. 
 
 McGillivray, Alexander, Creek chieftain, X. 
 784. Allusion to, III. 167, 2 b. 
 
 McGillivray, William, Scottish naturalist, X. 
 784. 
 
 Macgregor, John, British statistician, X. 784. 
 
 McGuffey, William Holmes, American educa¬ 
 tor, X. 785. 
 
 McGuire , Capt.: see Gallitzin, VII. 582, 2 be. 
 McGuire’s settlement, or Clearfield, id. 
 
 McHale, John, Irish archbishop, X. 785. 
 
 McHenry, two counties, X. 785. 
 
 McHenry, Fort, Baltimore, II. 252, 2 c. 
 
 Machery : see Alvar. 
 
 Machetes [ma-cha'-tace], cane knives, I. 310,1 c. 
 
 Machias [ma-chl'-as], town of Maine, X. 785. 
 
 Machiavelli, Niccolo [ma-kya-vel'-le], Italian 
 statesman and author, X. 786. His works, 
 787, la; IX. 461, 2 c. 
 
 Machine : see Mechanics. 
 
 Machine-made lace , X. 79, 2 a. 
 
 Machinery : see Mechanics. 
 
 Machinisti [ma-ke-nis'-te], a school of fresco 
 painters, XII. 798, 2 ab ; 799, 2 b. 
 
 Maclan of Glencoe, VIII. 31, 1 c. 
 
 Maciejowski, Waclaw Alexander [ma-chSh- 
 yov'-ske], Polish historian, X. 787. 
 
 McIlvaine', Charles Pettit, American bishop, 
 X. 787. 
 
 McIntosh [mak'-in-tosh], county, X. 787. 
 
 McIntosh, county seat, X. 93, 1 a. 
 
 McIntosh, John, American soldier, X. 788. 
 
 McIntosh, Lachlan, soldier, X. 788. 
 
 McIntosh, Maria J., authoress, X. 788. 
 
 Mack, Gen. : see Mack von Leiberich. 
 
 Mack, Alexander, a founder of the Dunkers, 
 VI. 316, 1 c. 
 
 Mackay', Charles, British author, X. 788. 
 
 McKean, county, X. 788. 
 
 McKean drill: see Tunnel, XVI. 35, 1 ab. 
 
 Mackean, Thomas, American jurist, X. 789. 
 
 McKee , county seat, IX. 483, 2 a. 
 
 McIveever, Isaac, American naval officer, X. 
 789. 
 
 McKendree, William, American bishop, X. 789. 
 McKendree College : see Lebanon, Ill. 
 Mackenzie, Sir Alexander, Scottish traveller, 
 X. 789. 
 
 Mackenzie, Alexander Slidell, American naval 
 officer, X. 789. 
 
 Mackenzie, Henry, Scottish author, X. 790. 
 Mackenzie, Robert Shelton, American jour¬ 
 nalist, X. 790. 
 
 Mackenzie, William Lyon, Canadian politician, 
 X. 790. 
 
 Mackenzie River, British America, X. 791. 
 Mackerel, fish, X. 791 (ill., 792). Spanish 
 mackerel, 792, 1 ab, 794, 1 a; spotted, id. 
 (ill.). Mackerel fishing, 792, 2 a. 
 
 Mackerel guide, fish, XIII. 511, 1 a. 
 
 Mackerel gull, XV. 659, 2 c. 
 
 Mackerel sky, IV. 711, 1 b. 
 
 Mack'ey, Albert Gallatin, American author, 
 X. 794. 
 
 Mackie, John Milton, American author, X. 794. 
 Mackinac [mak'-e-naw]: see Mackinaw. 
 Mackinaw, county, X. 794. 
 
 Mackinaw, village of Michigan, X. 794. Isl¬ 
 and, 2 b; IX. 78, 2 c. 
 
 McKinney, county seat, V. 75, 1 c. 
 Mackintosh, water-proof fabric, III. 736, 2 b. 
 Mackintosh, Sir James, British statesman and 
 author, X. 795. On Grotius’s treatise of 
 international law, 222, 2 b. 
 
 Mack von Leiberich, Karl, baron [mak fon ll'- 
 ber-i c h], Austrian general, X. 795. 
 
 Macklin', Charles, Irish actor, X. 796. 
 Macknight, James, Scottish author, X. 796. 
 McLane, Louis, American statesman, X. 796. 
 Maclaurin, Colin, Scottish mathematician, X. 
 
 796. 
 
 McLean [mak-lain'J, two counties, X. 796. 
 McLean, John, American jurist, X. 797. Dis¬ 
 sent from the Dred Scott decision, 2 a. 
 Maclean, Letitia Elizadeth: see Landon. 
 McLeansdorough, county seat, VIII. 413, 2 b. 
 Macleay [mak-la'J, (W. S.), his classification 
 of insects, VI. 661, 1 ab (ill.); of reptiles, 
 VIII. 694, 1 ab; of mammals, XI. 80, 2 a; 
 of birds, XII. 706, 1 be. 
 
 McLellan, county, X. 797. 
 
 McLeod [mak-lowd'J, county, X. 797. 
 
 McLeod, Alexander, American clergyman, X. 
 
 797. Xavier Donald, author, 798, 1 a. 
 Macleod, Henry Dunning, Scottish economist, 
 
 X. 798. 
 
MACLEOD 
 
 MADEIRA 
 
 481 
 
 Macleod, Norman, Scottish clergyman, X. 798. 
 
 Maclise [mak-leece'], anatomical theory of, 
 XIII. 429, 1 ab. 
 
 Maclise, Daniel, British painter, X. 798. 
 
 Madura (botany), XII. 714, 1 b. M. auran- 
 tiaca, 1 c (ill.); VIII. 604, 1 c. M. tinc- 
 toria, XII. 715, 1 a (synonyme, morus tinc- 
 toria, VII. 547, 1 be). 
 
 Maclure, William, “father of American geol¬ 
 ogy/’ X. 798. Geological survey of the Uni¬ 
 ted States, VII. 691, 1 he. 
 
 MacMahon, Marie Edme Patrice Maurice, count 
 de and duke de Magenta [mak-ma-o ng ], presi¬ 
 dent of France, X. 799. Mme. MacMahon, 
 duchess de Castries, 801, 1 b. 
 
 Mo Minn, county, X. 801. 
 
 McMinnville , county seat, XVI. 460, 2 b. 
 
 McMullen, county, X. 801. 
 
 McNab, Sir Alan Napier, Canadian statesman, 
 X. 801. 
 
 McNaghten , Sir William [mak-naw'-ten], Brit¬ 
 ish envoy to Afghanistan, I. 161, 1 c. 
 
 McNairy, county, X. 801 . 
 
 Macneil, Hector, Scottish poet, X. 801. 
 
 McNeil, John, American soldier, X. 802. 
 
 McNeile, Hugh, Irish clergyman, X. 802. 
 
 MacNeils , ancient castle of the, II. 333, 2 a. 
 
 MacNev'en, William James, Irish patriot, X. 
 802. 
 
 Macnish, Robert, Scottish physician, X. 802. 
 
 McNutt , county seat, X. 315, 2 a. 
 
 Macomb [ma-koom'], county, X. 802. 
 
 Macomb , county seat, X. 780, 1 a. 
 
 Macomb, Alexander, American soldier, X. 802. 
 William H., naval officer, 803, 1 ab. 
 
 Macon, six counties, X. 803. 
 
 Macon, city of Georgia, X. 803 (view, 804). 
 
 Macon, city of Missouri, X. 804. 
 
 Macon , county seat, XII. 528, 2 be. 
 
 Macon [ma-ko ng ], town of France, X. 804. 
 
 Macon, Nathaniel, American statesman, X. 804. 
 
 Maconnais [ma-kun-na], ancient territory in 
 Burgundy, X. 805. Wines of, VII. 412, 2 ab. 
 
 Macoupin [ma-koo'-pin], county, X. 805. 
 
 McPherson, two counties, X. 805. 
 
 Macpherson, James, Scottish author, X. 805; 
 XII. 722, 1 a. 
 
 Macquer [ma-ka], (Pierre Joseph, professor in 
 Paris): see Chemistry, IV. 361, 1 ab. 
 
 Macbauchenia, genus of fossil animals, X. 806. 
 M. Patachonica, 807, 1 a; XIII. 155, 1 c. 
 
 Macready, William Charles [mak-re'-de], Eng¬ 
 lish actor, X. 807. 
 
 Macri'nus, Roman emperor, X ( 807. 
 
 31 
 
 Macrobius, Ambrosius Aurelius Theodosius, 
 Latin author, X. 808. 
 
 Macrocercus (ornithology), X. 770, 2 c. 
 Macrocheira [ma-kro-kl'-ra], crab, V. 450, 2 ab. 
 Macrocystis (botany), VIIs 515, 2 a. M. pyri- 
 fera, 2 ab; XIII. 155, 2 c; referred to, XV. 
 749, 1 a. 
 
 Macrodac'tylus subspino'sus (entomology), 
 XIV. 438, 1 be. 
 
 Macrodip'teryx longipen'nis (ornithology), VIII. 
 59, 1 ab (ill., 58). 
 
 Macropip>er methysticum { botany), XIV.591,2 a. 
 Macropod'idee (zoology), IX. 743, 1 a. 
 Mac'ropus gigan'teus (zoology), IX. 743, 2 c. 
 
 M. Atlas, Titan, and Goliali, 744, 2 be. 
 Macroram'pirns (ornithology), XV. 132, 2 be; 
 M. griseus, 2 c. 
 
 Macrorhi'nus proboscid'eus (zoology), XIV. 
 733, 1 b. 
 
 Macrosaurus ) fossil reptile, XI. 858, 1 c. 
 
 Mac'rospore, in botany, XIV. 151, 1 b (ill.). 
 McTyeire, Holland Nimmons [mak-tl'-er], 
 American clergyman, X. 808. 
 
 McVickar, John, clergyman, X. 808. 
 McWhorter, Alexander [mak-hwur'-ter], cler¬ 
 gyman, X. 808. 
 
 “ Mad as a Brentano ,” III. 250, 2 b. 
 
 “Mad as a March hare” VIII. 456, 2 be. 
 Madagascar, island, X. 809 (map). Coast, 
 1 c. Surface, 2 b. Climate, 810, 1 a. Geol¬ 
 ogy, 1 ab. Productions, 1 b. Races, 2 b. 
 Heathen customs and rites, 811, 1 ab. Sla¬ 
 very, 1 be. Food and manufactures, 2 b. 
 Social life, 812, 1 a. Commerce, 2 ab. Gov¬ 
 ernment, 2 e. Native religion, 813, 1 a. 
 History, 1 c. Christian missions, 2 c. Lan¬ 
 guage, 814, 2 a. 
 
 Madagascar rat , X. 339, 2 a. 
 
 Madai [mad'-a-i], son of Japheth, IX. 566, 2 be. 
 Madame [ma-dam], X. 815. See Monsieur. 
 Madame Mere [mair], title, III. 25, 1 c. 
 
 Mad'an , Mrs.: see Pope, XIII. 709, 1 c. 
 Madawaska, county, X. 815. 
 
 Maddaloni, town of Italy, X. 815. 
 
 Madden, Sir Frederick, English antiquary, X. 
 815. 
 
 Madden, Richard Robert, Irish author, X. 815. 
 Madder, plant, X. 815 (ill.). Its property of 
 coloring the bones, 816, 2 b. East India 
 madder, 2 c. Use in dyeing, VI. 342, 1 ab. 
 Madeira [ma-da'-ra], island, X. 817. Physical 
 features, 1 b. Climate, 2 a. Soil and agri¬ 
 culture, 2 b. Productions, 2 c, ff. People- 
 818, 2 b. Commerce, 2 c. Religion, 819, 
 
482 
 
 MADEIRA 
 
 MAGADISHU 
 
 1 a. Ilistory, 1 b. Wines of, 817, 2 c; XIII. 
 509, 1 ab. 
 
 Madeira, river of South America, X. 819. 
 
 Madeira vine, plant, XIII. 509, 1 ab. 
 
 Made’Ha, county seat, XVI. 512, 1 c. 
 
 Mademoiselle [ma-duh-mwa-zel'], X. 815, 1 b. 
 
 Madera , river: see Madeira. 
 
 Madison, name of nineteen counties, X. 819. 
 
 Madison, capital of Wisconsin, X. 821. State 
 capitol, 2 be (ill., 822). 
 
 Madison, city of Indiana, X. 822. 
 
 Madison, village of New Jersey, X. 822. Of 
 Georgia, 2 c. 
 
 Madison , county seats, X. 820, 1 a; XI. 826, 
 
 2 c; XIV. 530, 2 c. 
 
 Madison, James, American bishop, X. 822. 
 
 Madison, James, president of the United States, 
 X. 823. In congress, 1 c. In the Virginia 
 legislature, 2 ab. In the federal constitu¬ 
 tional convention, 2 c. “The Federalist,” 
 824, 1 ab. Member of congress, 1 c. The 
 resolutions of 1798-’9, 2 c; his “Report” 
 in defence of them, 825, 1 a. Secretary of 
 state, 1 b. Elected president, 1 c. Contro¬ 
 versy with Great Britain, 2 a; "war declared, 
 826, 1 b. Reelected, 2 a. Treaty of peace, 
 827,1 a. Retirement, 1 c. Characterization, 
 2 a. Letter to Bentham on his proposed 
 code for the United States, II. 537, 1 be. 
 
 Madison Court House , county seat, X. 819, 2 c. 
 
 Madison river , XI. 673, 2 b. 
 
 Madison's cave , Virginia, XVI. 375, 1 c. 
 
 Madison University : see Hamilton, X. Y. 
 
 Madisonville , county seats, VIII. 811, 2 be ; X. 
 820, 2 a; XI. 760, 1 b. 
 
 Madiuni [ma-du'-ne], (Selinus), XIV. 757, 2 a. 
 
 Madler, Johann Heinrich [maid'-ler], German 
 astronomer, X. 828; XI. 80, 2 b. 
 
 Madoo, legendary Welsh prince, X. 828. 
 
 Madockawando, Indian chief, X. 828. 
 
 Madonian mountains , Sicily, XV. 21, 2 a. 
 
 Madonna, title, X. 828. Pictures of the, 2 b. 
 
 Madonna di Foliqno, La , origin of the name, 
 VII. 302, 1 b. 
 
 Mctdo'qua: see Antelope, I. 545, 2 a. 
 
 Madou, Jean Baptiste [ma-doo], Belgian paint¬ 
 er, X. 828. (Died 1877.) 
 
 Madoz, Pascual [ma-£7ioath'], Spanish author, 
 X. 829. 
 
 Madra , ancient name of Bootan, III. 85, 2 c. 
 
 Madras', province of India, X. 829. Divisions, 
 1 c. Coast line, 2 ab. Physical features, 830, 
 1 a. Climate, 1 b. Soil and productions, 
 1 c. Intercommunication and commerce, 2 b. 
 
 Finances, 831, 1 a. Government, 1 b. Ed¬ 
 ucation, 1 c. Inhabitants, 2 a.—City, 2 a. 
 Public buildings and churches, 2 c. Educa¬ 
 tion, 832, 1 a. Presidency college, ib. (ill.). 
 History, 1 c. 
 
 Madrazo, Jos6 Madrazo y Aguda [ma-^ra-tho 
 e a-goo'-^a], Spanish painter, X. 833. Frede- 
 rico Madrazo y Kunt [e koont], painter, 1 a. 
 Madre de Dios [ma'-£7ira da de'-oce], river, III. 
 220, 1 a. 
 
 Madrepora'ria , order of polyps, XIII. 689, 2 b. 
 Mad'repore : see Coral, V. 340, 2 a, c; 341,1 a. 
 Madreporic plate or body , in star fishes, XV. 
 320, 2 be. 
 
 Madrid' [Sp. ma-threeth'], province of Spain, 
 X. 833. Town, capital of Spain, 1 c. De¬ 
 scription, 2 a, ff. The palace, 835, 2 b (ill., 
 834). Royal museum, 2 c. Hospitals and 
 charitable institutions, 836,1 b. Learned so¬ 
 cieties, schools, and libraries, 1 be. Climate, 
 people, commerce, 2 a. History, 837, 1 a. 
 Madrigal, in music, X. 837. Father of the 
 madrigal, XII. 89, 1 a. 
 
 Madura [ma-doo'-ra], island, Sunda group, X. 
 
 837. 
 
 Madura, city of India, X. 837 (ilk). 
 
 Madvig, Johann Nikolai, Danish philologist, X. 
 
 838. 
 
 M^ean'der, river of Asia Minor, X. 838. 
 M.ece'nas, Caius Cilnius, Roman statesman, X. 
 839; 195, 2 ab. His friendship for Horace, 
 VIII. 815, 2 b. 
 
 M^lar [ma'-lar], lake of Sweden, X. 839. 
 Maelstrom [mail'-strum], whirlpool, Norway, 
 X. 839 ; 573, 2 be. 
 
 Maelzel: see Metronome, XI. 460, 2 c, and 
 Mdlzel (Index). 
 
 Maenac , of the monument of Carnac, IV. 6,1 b. 
 Mceon'ides (Homer), VIII. 778, 2 a. 
 
 Mceo’tis, Palus: see Azov, Sea of. 
 
 Maerlant, Jakob [mar'-lant], poet, X. 839. 
 Maes, Nicolaas [mils], Dutch artist, X. 839. 
 Maestricht [mas'-trikt], city of the Nether¬ 
 lands, X. 839. 
 
 Mce'viad , satirical poem, VII. 804, 1 be. 
 Maffeani, fasti, VII. 93, 2 c. 
 
 Maffei, Francesco Scipione, marquis [maf- 
 fa'-e], Italian author, X. 840. 
 
 Maffitt, John Newland, clergyman, X. 840. 
 Mafia [ma-fe'-a], brigand society, XV. 22, 1 b 
 Mafoor language, Papuan, XIII. 58, 2 b. 
 Magadhas, Hindoo caste, IX. 226, 1 a. 
 
 Magadis, musical instrument, X. 759, 2 c. 
 Mogadishu: see Magadoxo. 
 
MAGADOXO 
 
 MAGNETISM 
 
 483 
 
 Magadoxo [Port, ma-ga-do'-sho], town of E. 
 Africa, X. 840. 
 
 Magaliiaens, Domingos Jos6 Gonsalves de 
 [Port. ma-gal-yi ng s'], Brazilian poet, X. 840. 
 
 Magaliiaens, Fernando, Portuguese navigator, 
 X. 841. 
 
 Magdala [mag-da'-la]: see Abyssinia, I. 47, 
 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Magdala red , a dye, XII. 134, 2 b. 
 
 Magdalen Islands, Canada, X. 841. 
 
 Magdalen grotto , near Adelsberg, I. 114, 1 c. 
 
 Magdalena [-la'-na], state of Colombia, X. 841. 
 
 Madalena, river, X. 842. 
 
 Magdalene, Mary: see Mary Magdalene. 
 
 Mag'deburg [Ger. mag'-dbh-boorg], city of 
 Prussia, X. 843. Cathedral, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Magdeburg Centuries , alluded to, II. 332, 1 c. 
 
 Magdeburg hemispheres , VIII. 298, 1 b. 
 
 Magdeburgian institutions , alluded to, IV. 56, 
 2 c. 
 
 Magellan, Fernando [ma-jel'-lan; Sp. ma- k ha- 
 lyan']: see Magalhaens. 
 
 Magellan, Straits of, X. 843. 
 
 Magellanic clouds , stellar nebulae, XII. 200, 1 c 
 (ill.); XV. 315, 1 a, 317, 1 be. 
 
 Magendie, Francois [ma-zha ng -de], French phys¬ 
 iologist, X. 844. Experiments in feeding 
 dogs, I. 316, 1 ab, c. 
 
 Magen'ta, town of Italy, and battle, X. 845. 
 
 Magenta, color, VI. 343, 1 a. 
 
 Magenta , duke de : see MacMahon. 
 
 Maggiore, Lake: see Lago Maggiore. 
 
 Maggot , larva, VI. 128, 1 b, 2 c. Rat-tailed, 
 130,1 ab. Of the cheese fly, VII. 295, 2 ab. 
 Fringed maggots infesting the human body, 
 295, 1 a, ab. 
 
 Maghada , kingdom of, IX. 207, 1 c. 
 
 Maghreb [ma'-greb]: see Morocco. 
 
 Magi, Persian priestly caste, X. 846; XIII. 
 832, 1 c. 
 
 Magic, X. 846. 
 
 Magic Lantern, X. 847 (ill.). 
 
 Magindanao [ma- k heen-da-now'j: see Philip¬ 
 pine Islands, XIII. 417, 1 c (Mindanao). 
 
 Magini, Giovanni Paolo [ma-je'-ne], Italian vi¬ 
 olin maker, X. 848. 
 
 Maginn, "William, Irish author, X. 848. 
 
 Magister eguitum , VI. 699, 2 b. 
 
 Magister Islebius: see Agricola, Johannes, I. 
 193, 1 b. 
 
 Magister Bogel: see Bruges, Eoger van. 
 
 Magistral , in fortification, VII. 330, 1 c. In 
 metallurgy, XV. 51, 1 b. 
 
 Magistracies, fasti, VII. 93, 2 c. 
 
 Magistri lapulum (architects, freemasons), I. 
 
 663, 2 ab. Magistri comacini, 1 c. 
 Magliabecchi, Antonio [ma-lya-bek'-ke], Ital¬ 
 ian scholar, X. 848. |dagliabecchiana, li¬ 
 brary, 2 c. 
 
 Magna Ciiarta [kar'-ta], or Great Charter, X. 
 
 849. Summary of its general provisions, 
 
 850. 1 c. Privileges to merchants confirmed 
 by, 219, 2 c. Its effect in breaking up the 
 aula regis, V. 429, 2 a. Mistake in regard to 
 a clause in it, IX. 722, 2 c. 
 
 Magna Gr^ecia, part of ancient Italy, X. 850. 
 Magnan, Bernard Pierre [ma-nya ng ], French 
 marshal, X. 850; III. 50, 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 Magnan, Valentin, physician, X. 851. 
 Magnentius, Flavius Popilius, Roman emperor, 
 X. 851. Alluded to, V. 279, 1 a. 
 
 Magnesia, division of ancient Thessaly, X. 
 
 851. Five cities of Asia Minor, 1 c. Battle 
 of, 2 a; I. 569, 1 a. 
 
 Magnesia, oxide of magnesium, X. 851. Mag¬ 
 nesia alba, 2 b. Magnesia nigra: see Man¬ 
 ganese. 
 
 Magnesia ad Sipylum: see Manissa. 
 
 Magnesite, mineral, X. 851, 2 b. Alluded to, 
 VI. 698, 2 ab. See Meerschaum. 
 Magnesium, metal, X. 852. 
 
 Magnet, X. 852. Affected by distance above 
 the earth, I. 148, 1 b. 
 
 Magnetic curves , or lines of force, VI. 73, 1 ab. 
 Magnetic and diamagnetic bodies, VI. 516, 2 a. 
 Magnetic equator, I. 67, 1 c. 
 
 Magnetic force of the earth, machine for exhib¬ 
 iting variations of, XIV. 659, 2 a. 
 
 Magnetic meridians, I. 189,1 c (Agonic Line). 
 Magnetic needle , VII. 592, 2 b. See Compass. 
 
 Variation first carefully noted, I. 669, 2 a. 
 Magnetic oxide, IX. 366, 1 c. 
 
 Magnetic pole, position of, determined, I. 672, 
 1 c; counteraction of its influence, 671, 2 a. 
 Magnetic poles, 1.189,1 c, 2 a, b (Agonic Line) ; 
 
 VIII. 448, 2 c; XI. 8, 1 ab, 9 1 c, 2 b. 
 Magnetic storms, XI. 11, 1 b. 
 
 Magnetic telegraph, Prof. Henry’s,VIII.560,2c. 
 Magnetic tub, 1.525,1 c. Magnetic sleep, 526, 
 1 b. Magnetic clairvoyant, ib. 
 
 Magnetism, XI. 5. See Tyndall, XVI. 90, 2 c, 
 91, 2 b. Asa motive power, IX. 692, 1 c. 
 Magnetism, Animal: see Animal Magnetism. 
 Magnetism, telluric, IX. 43, 2 c. Magnetic and 
 meteorological stations, ib. 
 
 Magnetism, Terrestrial, XI. 7; VIII. 448, 2 c. 
 Changes in, XI. 8,1 a. Discoveries respect¬ 
 ing magnetic perturbations, 9, 2 a. Move- 
 
484 
 
 MAGNETITE 
 
 MAILED 
 
 ment of the magnetic poles, 2 b. Action of 
 the sun, 10, 2 a; of the moon, 11,1 a. Mag¬ 
 netic storms, 1 b. 
 
 Magnetite, iron ore, IX. 409, 2 a; 411, 1 c. 
 Magneto-Electricity, XI. 11. Electro-dy¬ 
 namic induction, 12,1 ab. Magneto-electric 
 machines, 13,1 a (ills., 14, 15). Currents of 
 different orders, 15, 2 be. Induced currents 
 from discharges of ordinary electricity, 17, 
 1 a. Induction in masses of metal in motion, 
 
 1 c. The magnetism induced from the earth 
 and sun, 18, 1 b. 
 
 Magnetometer , VII. 649, 2 b. 
 
 Magnificat , hymn, XI. 217, 1 a. 
 
 Magnifying Glass : see Microscope. 
 
 Magnin, Charles [ma-nya ng ], French author, 
 XI. 18. 
 
 Magnitudes of stars, XV. 309, 1 b. 
 
 Magnol , Pierre [ma-nyul], (1638-1715), profes¬ 
 sor of botany, XI. 18, 2 b. His system of 
 botany, III. 135, 1 c. 
 
 Magnolia, genus of trees and shrubs, XI. 18. 
 Laurel magnolia, 19,1 ab (ill.). Great-leaved, 
 
 2 c. Umbrella tree, 20, 1 a. Yellow cucum¬ 
 ber tree, 1 b. Great-flowered magnolia, 1 be 
 (ill.). Exotic species, 2 c (ill., M. conspicua). 
 Cultivation, 21, 1 c. 
 
 Maqnolia , county seats, IV. 683, 2 c; V. 117, 
 1 a; VIII. 481, 2 a. 
 
 Magnum , port wine bottle, III. 145, 1 c. 
 Magnus, Eduard [mag'-noos], German painter, 
 XI. 21. 
 
 Magnus, Heinrich Gustav, chemist, XI. 21. 
 
 Green salt of Magnus, 2 b. 
 
 Magnus Lagabceter, king of Norway, XI. 511,1 a. 
 Magnus Smek, king of Sweden, XV. 508, 2 be. 
 Magnusen: see Magnusson. 
 
 Magnusson, Finn, Icelandic scholar, XI. 21. 
 Mago , Carthaginian writer on agriculture, I. 
 201, 1 a. 
 
 Magoffin, county, XI. 22. 
 
 Magog: see Gog, and IX. 566, 2 c. 
 
 Magoon', Elisha L., American clergyman, XI. 
 
 22 . 
 
 Magot [ma-go']: see Macaque, X. 767,1 a (ill.). 
 Magpie, bird, XI. 22. European, 2 a. Ameri¬ 
 can, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Maguire, John Francis, Irish journalist, XI. 23. 
 “Magus of the North f VIII. 409, 2 c. 
 
 Magyar, Laszlo [mod'-yor], Hungarian travel¬ 
 ler, XL 23. 
 
 Magyars : see Hungary, IX. 55,1 c; 62,1 ab. 
 Mahabhdrata [ma-ka-ba'-ra-ta], Hindoo epic, 
 IX. 223, 1 b. 
 
 Mahadeo , a Bheel divinity, II. 605, 2 a, b. 
 Mahddeva [ma-ha-da'-va], in Hindoo mytholo¬ 
 gy, IX. 228, 2 a. Temple of, II. 632, 2 a; 
 
 X. 837, 2 c. 
 
 Mahan', Asa, American clergyman, XI. 23. 
 On logic, X. 582, 1 c. 
 
 Mahan, Dennis Hart, military engineer, XI. 
 
 23. Milo, clergyman, 2 c. 
 
 Mahanoy City [ma-lia-noi'], borough of Penn¬ 
 sylvania, XI. 24. 
 
 Mahanud'dy, river of India, XI. 24. 
 
 Mahaqua [ma-ha'-ka]: see Agmegue. 
 Maharajah [ma-ka-ra'-ja], title, XIV. 470, 1 a. 
 Mahaska, county, XI. 24. 
 
 Mahdi [ma'-de], Mohammedan Messiah, I. 344, 
 1 b; VII. 94, 2 a. 
 
 Mahe de Labourdonnais: see Labourdonnais. 
 Mahmoud I. [ma-mood'J, sultan of Turkey, XI. 
 
 24. 
 
 Mahmoud II., sultan of Turkey, XI. 24. 
 Mahmoud, sultan of Ghuzni: see Giiuzni, VII. 
 
 793, 2 b; IX. 207, 2 a. 
 
 Mahogany, tree, XI. 25 (ill.). 
 
 Mahomet : see Mohammed. 
 
 Mahon : see Port Mahon. 
 
 Mahon, Lord [ma-hone'J: see Stanhope, Earl. 
 Maho'ning, county, XI. 26. 
 
 Mahoning sandstone , IV. 736, 2 a. 
 
 Mahony, Francis [ma'-lio-ne], Irish journalist, 
 
 XI. 26. 
 
 Mahofiac , lake, referred to, XIV. 99, 1 be. 
 Mahrah, tribes of VIII. 735, I b. 
 
 Mahrattas, people of India, XI. 26. 
 
 Mahren [ma'-ren]: see Moravia. 
 
 Mai, Angelo [mi], Italian scholar, XI. 27. 
 Ma'ia squina'do , crab, XV. 267, 2 a (ill., 266). 
 Maid , fish : see Ray, XIV. 222, 2 ab. 
 
 Maid Marian : see Morris Dance. 
 
 Maid of Saragossa, I. 210, 1 c (Agustina). 
 Maiden, beheading instrument, VIII. 311,1 b ; 
 854, 2 a. 
 
 Maiden-hair, fern, VII. 150, 2 a (ill.). 
 Maiden-hair tree (gingko), VII. 814, 2 c. 
 Maiden mountain, Femern, VII. 120, 1 ab. 
 Maiden of Norway: see Margaret (Index). 
 Maidstone, borough of England, XI. 27. 
 
 Mail, and Mail Coaches: see Post. 
 
 Mail, Coat of : see Armor. 
 
 Mailand [mi'-lant]: see Milan. 
 
 Mailath, Janos Nepomuk, count [mi'-lat], 
 Hungarian historian, XI. 27. 
 
 Maillardet [ma-yar-da], Swiss mechanic, II. 
 155, 2 c. 
 
 Mailed cheeks , fish, VIII. 334, 2 be. 
 
MAILLEFERT 
 
 MALACOCLEMMYS 
 
 485 
 
 Maillefert [Fr. ma-yuli-fair], removal of ob¬ 
 structions in the East river by, II. G99, 2 c. 
 
 Maillotins [ma-yuh-ta ng ], Parisian insurgents, 
 IV. 286, 1 a. 
 
 Mails on Sunday, X. 637, 2 b. 
 
 Maimaciiin [ml-ma-cheen']: see Kiachta. 
 
 Maimbouro, Louis [ma Dg -boor], French histo¬ 
 rian, XI. 27. 
 
 Maimonides, Moses [ml-mon'-e-deez], Jewish 
 theologian and philosopher, XI. 27; XIII. 
 440, 1 a. 
 
 Main [mine], river of Germany, XI. 28. 
 
 Mainardi, Jerome [mi-nar'-de]: see Canon 
 
 Law, III. 719, 2 b. 
 
 Maine, state, XI. 28. State seal (ill.). Popu¬ 
 lation, 29, 1 a. Coast, 2 c. Rivers and 
 lakes, 30, 1 a. Surface, 1 ab. Geology, 1 b. 
 Minerals, 2 a. Climate, 2 b. Soil and pro¬ 
 ductions, 31, 1 a. Agriculture, 1 b. Indus¬ 
 tries, 1 c. Commerce, 33, 1 a. Intercom¬ 
 munication, 2 b. Banks, &c., 34,1 a. Gov¬ 
 ernment, 1 ab. Laws, 2 ab. Finances, 35, 
 
 1 ab. Public institutions, 1 c. Education, 
 
 2 c. Libraries, &c., 36, 2 c. Religious or¬ 
 ganizations, 37, 1 a. History, 1 b. Early 
 settlement of, VIII. 113, 2 b. 
 
 Maine , ancient province of France, X. 38. 
 
 Maine, Sir Henry James Sumner, English ju¬ 
 rist, XI. 38. 
 
 Haine-et-Loire [main-a-lwar], department of 
 France, XI. 38. 
 
 Maine de Biran, Francois Pierre Gonthier 
 [dull be-ra ng ], French metaphysician, XI. 39. 
 See Philosophy, XIII. 444. 1 b. 
 
 Maine liquor law, XI. 34, 2 ab; XV. 817, 1 a. 
 
 Main'land, island, XII. 696, 1 ab. 
 
 Main spring, of a watch, IV. 700, 2 be. 
 
 Maintenon, Frangoise d’Aubigne, marchioness 
 de [duh ma ng -tuh-no ng ], second wife of Louis 
 XIV., XI. 39. Her relations with Fenelon, 
 VII. 122, 2 c, 123, 1 c; with Minon de l’En- 
 clos, X. 340, 2 ab. 
 
 Mainz [mints]: see Mentz. 
 
 Maipures [ml-poo'-race], Indians, XI. 40. 
 
 Maison carree [ma-zo ng kar-ra], ancient temple 
 in Mimes, XII. 454, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Maisonneuve, Jules Germain Frangois [ma- 
 z6 ng -nhv], French surgeon, XI. 40. 
 
 Maisonneuve, Paul de Chomedey, sieur de, 
 governor of Montreal, XI. 40. 
 
 Maistre, Joseph, count de [duh maitr’], Italian 
 statesman and French author, XI. 40; I. 
 283, 2 b ; XIII. 444, 1 ab (twice). Xavier, 
 count de, author, XI. 41, 1 c. 
 
 Maitland, East and West, towns of Mew South 
 Wales, XI. 41. 
 
 Maitland, Sir Richard, Scottish lawyer, XI. 41. 
 Maitland, Samuel Roffey, English clergyman, 
 XI. 41. 
 
 Maitland, Thomas, nom de plume, III. 382, 2 c. 
 Maitrank or Maiwein [mi'-trank, mi'-vine], 
 flavored wine, XVI. 711, 1 a. 
 
 Maize, or Indian corn, XI. 42 (ill.). Varieties, 
 2 b. Origin, 43, 1 b. Analysis, 1 c. Pre¬ 
 paration for food, 2 ab. Other uses, 44, 
 1 ab. Cultivation, 2 be. Corn smut, 45, 
 
 1 c (ill.). Production in the United States, 
 
 2 a. Mummied maize (imposture), XVI. 
 587, 2 b. 
 
 Maize'na, preparation of maize, XI. 44, 2 b. 
 Majesty, title, XI. 45. Crimina laesso majesta- 
 tis, 46, 1 a. 
 
 MajoVica ware [Ital. ma-yo'-le-ka], origin of 
 the name, XI. 46, 1 c; XIII. 778, 2 a. Mezza 
 majolica, 781, 1 c. 
 
 Major mode, in music, XII. 78, 2 b. 
 
 Major premise, in logic, X. 579, 2 ab. 
 Majorano, Gaetano [ma-yo-ra'-no]: see Caf- 
 
 FARELLI. 
 
 Majorca, largest Balearic island, XI. 46. 
 Majoristic controversy, X. 733, 1 b. 
 
 Majority , age of, I. 181, 2 a. 
 
 Makamat', Arabic poem, I. 623, 2 c; VIII. 
 462, 2 c. 
 
 Make-hawk , in falconry, VII. 71, 1 a. 
 
 Makemie , Francis [mak'-e-me], (preacher, died 
 1708), founder of Presbyterianism in Amer¬ 
 ica, XIII. 812, 1 c. 
 
 Maki [ma'-ke]: see Lemur, X. 339, 1 c. 
 
 Mala et bona species , Haeckel’s theory of, VIII. 
 
 372, 2 c; 373, la: see 371, 2 c. 
 
 Malabar', district of British India, XL 46. 
 Climate, 47, 1 a. Vegetation, 1 b. Ani¬ 
 mals, 1 c. Population and religions, 2 a. 
 History, 48, 1 a. 
 
 Malabar Coast, XI. 48 ; IX. 201, 2 a. 
 Malabar current, IX. 244, 2 b. 
 
 Maldbath'rum: see Benzoin, II. 545, 2 c. 
 Mal'aca, ancient city, XI. 53, 1 c (Malaga). 
 Malao'oa, British territory, Malay peninsula, 
 XI. 48. Capital city, 49, 1 a. 
 
 Malacca, Straits of, XI. 49. 
 
 Malacca canes , XIII. 19, 1 a. 
 
 Malachi [mal'-a-ki], Hebrew prophet, XI. 49. 
 Malachi, Saint: see Malachy. 
 
 Malachite: see Copper, V. 319, 1 c. 
 Malachy, Saint [mal'-a-ke], XI. 49. 
 Malacoclemmys palustris (zoology), XV. 662,1 a. 
 
486 
 
 MALACOLOGY 
 
 MALMESBURY 
 
 Malacology, department of zoology, XI. 50. 
 Malacoptekygians, division of fishes, XI. 51. 
 Malacos'traca (Crustacea), subdivisions of, V. 
 532, 2 b. 
 
 Malade C%y[ma-lad'], county seat, XII. 629, 2 b. 
 Maladie du granit [ma-la-de dii gra-ne], YIII. 
 153, 2 b. 
 
 Malm : see Berbera. 
 
 Mal'aga, province of Spain, XI. 52. Capital 
 city, 1 c (view). History, 53, 1 c. 
 
 Malaga raisins , XI. 53, 1 b; XIY. 189, 2 ab. 
 Malaga wines, XV. 224, 2 c. 
 
 Malagasy [ma-la-ga'-se], language of Madagas¬ 
 car, X. 814, 2 a; XI. 57, 1 be. 
 
 Malagueta pepper [ma-la-ga'-ta], III. 777, 1 c. 
 Malakhoff : see Crimea, Y. 485, 1 c. 
 Malakoff ’ duke of: see Pelissier. 
 
 Malan', Cesar Henri Abraham [Fr. ma-la ng ], 
 Swiss theologian, XI. 53. Solomon Ceesar, 
 English clergyman, 2 a. 
 
 Malandrium: see Mullein, XII. 30, 2 c. 
 Malapteru’rus elec'tricus (ichthyology), YI. 
 
 499, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Malar : see M^elar. 
 
 Malaria, or Marsh Miasm, XI. 53. 
 
 Malatesta, Italian family, rulers of Rimini, 
 &c., XI. 54. 
 
 Malay Archipelago: see Indian Archipelago. 
 Malayo-Polynesian Races and Languages, 
 XI. 55. Malayan division, 56, 1 a; Polyne¬ 
 sian, 2 ab. Languages, 57, 1 a. 
 
 Malay Peninsula, XI. 59. Territory, 1 c. 
 Zoology, 2 c. Flora, 60, 1 b. Climate, 1 c. 
 Native population, ib. 
 
 Malaydlam [mal-a-ya'-lam], language of India, 
 IX. 215, 2 b; 219, 2 c ; 220, 2 a, b (alphabet). 
 Malays , VI. 757, 2 c; XI. 56, 1 a, ff.; 60, 2 a; 
 
 726, 2 b; XY. 465, 2 ab. 
 
 Malbone', Edward G., American portrait 
 painter, XI. 61. 
 
 Malbridge, statutes of XI. 176, 2 c ; XIY. 
 272, 2 b (Marlbridge). 
 
 Malbrook den va , &c., military refrain, X. 68,2 c. 
 Malbrouck, monkey, XI. 753, 1 b. 
 
 Malcolm [mal'-kum], kings of Scotland, XIY. 
 704, 2 a, b. Malcolm III., son of Duncan, 
 2 a; YI. 433, 2 ab; X. 771, 2 c. 
 
 Malcolm, Sir John, British diplomatist, XI. 
 61; I. 161, 1 a. 
 
 Malcom, Howard, American clergyman, XI. 61. 
 Malczewski, Antoni [mal-chev'-ske], Polish 
 poet, XI. 61. 
 
 Malden [mawl'-den], town of Massachusetts, 
 XI. 62. 
 
 Mal'dives, islands, Indian ocean, XI. 62. 
 
 Malebranche, Nicolas [mal-bra ng sh], French 
 metaphysician, XI. 63; 811, 2 c; X. 324, 
 2 ab; XIII. 441, 1 b. His interview with 
 Berkeley, II. 560, 1 b. 
 
 Mal'ecites , Indian tribe, I. 19, 2 c. 
 
 Malediva islands [ma-la-de'-va]: see Maldives. 
 
 Male Fern, plant, XI. 63 (ill.). 
 
 Male jalap, IX. 509, 2 be. 
 
 Malek Shah [ma'-lek ska], Seljuk sovereign, 
 XIY. 757, 2 b. 
 
 MaVekites, Mohammedan sect, XI. 697, 1 b. 
 See Sunna. 
 
 Malesherbes, Chretien Guillaume de Lamoi- 
 gnon de [mal-zairb], French statesman, XI. 
 64. 
 
 Malet, Claude Francois de [ma-la], conspira¬ 
 tor, XI. 64. 
 
 Malestroit, Jehan de [ma-la-trwa], freebooter, 
 IY. 661, 2 c. 
 
 Malexentum (Benevento), II. 522, 2 a. 
 
 Malev'olus , a name of Mercury, XI. 404, 2 ab. 
 
 Malfontaine , Mademoiselle Raigner de, noin de 
 plume, VII. 625, 2 c. 
 
 Malherbe, Francois de [ma-lairb], French 
 poet, XI. 64; VII. 404, 2 a. 
 
 Malheur river [mal-oor'J, Oregon, XII. 679, 1 a. 
 
 Malibran, Maria Felicia [ma-le-bra ns ], singer, 
 XI. 65. 
 
 Mal'ic acid , XIII. 764, 1 ab. 
 
 Malikaneh, Turkish land grants, XYI. 59, 2 c. 
 
 Malinche [ma-leen'-cha]: see Marina. 
 
 Malines [ma-leen]: see Mechlin. 
 
 Malintzin [ma-leen-tseen']: see Marina. 
 
 Malkin, clown: see Morris Dance. 
 
 Mallard: see Duck, YI. 288, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Mallet, hammer, YIII. 426, 1 c. 
 
 Mallet, Charles Auguste [ma-la], French phi¬ 
 losopher, XI. 65. 
 
 Mallet, David, Scottish author, XI. 65. 
 
 Mallet, Paul Henri, Swiss historian, XI. 66. 
 
 Mailed8 process, for galvanizing iron, VII. 602, 
 1 a. 
 
 Malleus, of the ear, YI. 351, 1 c. 
 
 MaVlidm, family of fishes, XII. 36, 1 c. 
 
 Mallorca [ma-lyore'-ka]: see Majorca. 
 
 Mallow, plant, XI. 66. Wild mallow, 1 c 
 (ill.); dwarf, 2 b ; musk, 2 be; hollyhock, 2 c. 
 
 Malmaison, La [la mal-ma-zo ng ], village of 
 France, and palace, XI. 67. 
 
 Malmesbury [mamz'-b&r-e], borough of Eng¬ 
 land, XI. 67. 
 
 Malmesbury, James Harris, earl of, diplomatist, 
 XI. 67. James Howard Harris, earl of, 2 a. 
 
MALMESBURY 
 
 MANASSAS 
 
 487 
 
 Malmesbury, William of, historian, XI. 67. 
 Malmo, province of Sweden, XI. 67. City, 2 c. 
 Malmsey [mam'-ze]: see Greece, Wines of, 
 VIII. 216, 2 c, 217, 1 c. 
 
 Malone ', county seat, VII. 433, 1 b. 
 
 Malone, Edmond, Irish Shakespearian scholar, 
 XL 68. 
 
 Malorussian tribe , allusion to, V. 391, 1 c. 
 
 Mai pais [mal pice], of Colorado, V. 102, 1 c. 
 Malpighi, Marcello [mal-pe'-glie], Italian anato¬ 
 mist, XI. 68. Influence on botanical science, 
 
 III. 132, 2 a. 
 
 Malpighian vessels (of insects), IX. 312, 1 c; 
 
 corpuscles (splenic), XV. 280, 1 c, 2 a (ill.). 
 Malplaquet [mal-pla-ka], village of France, 
 and battle of, XI. 68. 
 
 Mdls, meetings of Frankish tribes, IV. 247, 2 a. 
 Malt : see Brewing, III. 257, 2 a. 
 
 Malt iciln , III. 258, 2 b. 
 
 Malta [mawl'-ta], group of islands, XI. 68. 
 Malta proper, 69, 1 a. Gozo, 1 he. Mal¬ 
 tese, 1 c.' Language, &c., 2 a. Imports, 2 c. 
 Government, ib. Ancient Melita, 70, 1 b. 
 Malta , Knights of: see Saint John of Jeru¬ 
 salem. 
 
 Malte-Brun [mawl-te-brun'; Fr. malt-bru ng ], 
 geographer, XI. 70. Victor Adolphe, 2 c. 
 Maltese cat [mawl-teez'j, IV. 92, 2 a. 
 
 Maltese cross , plant, X. 741, 2 a. 
 
 Maltese dog , XV. 228, 2 a. 
 
 Maltha, mineral tar, XI. 71. 
 
 Mal'thus, Thomas Robert, English political 
 economist, XI. 71; XIII. 669, 2 a. 
 
 Maltine [mal'-tin], principle in malt, VI. 80, 2 b. 
 Maltitz, Apollonius von, baron [fon mal'-tits], 
 German author, XI. 72. Franz Friedrich 
 von, poet, 1 a. Gotthilf August von, 1 ah. 
 Maltose : see Sugar, XV. 440, 2 c. 
 
 Maltrav'ers , Lord: see Arundel, I. 798, 1 b. 
 Maltzan, Heinrich Karl Eckardt Hellmuth, 
 baron [mal'-tsan], German traveller, XI. 72. 
 Malum Parsicum (botany), XIII. 205, 1 a. 
 Malus, Ltienne Louis [ma-liis], French engi¬ 
 neer and physicist, XL 72. Discovery in 
 polarization of light, X. 445, 1 c; 448, 1 b. 
 Experiments in polarization of heat, 452, 2 b. 
 His polariscope, 447, 1 c (ills.). 
 
 Malm (botany), XI. 66, 1 be. M. sylvestris, 
 1 c (ill.), &c. 
 
 Malva’cece (botany), VIII. 713, 2 a; XI. 66, 
 1 be, 2 c. 
 
 Malvern, Great [maw'-vern], England, XI. 72. 
 Mal'vern Hill, Battle of: see Chickahominy, 
 
 IV. 415, 2 c. 
 
 Malvoisine, William de [mal'-vo-zin], Scottish 
 ecclesiastic, XI. 72. 
 
 Malwa, province of India, XI. 73. 
 
 Mdlzel [mel'-tsel], (Leonhard, born about 1776, 
 court musical machinist at Vienna) : see Au¬ 
 tomaton, II. 155, 2 a, and Maelzel (Index). 
 
 Mama Oello Huaco [ma'-rna wa'-lyo wa'-ko], in 
 Peruvian legend, III. 13,1 a; XIII. 341, 2 c. 
 
 MambooJeiSi Catfre tribe, III. 547, 1 c. 
 
 Mame, Alfred Henri Armand [mam], French 
 printer, XI. 73. 
 
 Mam'elukes, XI. 73. Massacre of, 74, 1 c; 
 361, 2 ab. 
 
 Mamers (Mars), XI. 190, 2 c; 418, 1 c. 
 
 Mamertine prisons, Rome, XIV. 411, 1 be. 
 
 Mamertines [mam'-er-tins]: see Messina, XI. 
 418, 1 c (Mamertini). 
 
 Mamestrians, moths, XI. 870, 1 a. 
 
 Mamiani, Terenzio della Rovere, count [mi- 
 mya'-ne], Italian philosopher, XI. 74; 815, 
 1 b; XIII. 444, 2 c. 
 
 Mammalia, highest vertebrates, XI. 75. Anat¬ 
 omy, 1 ab, tf. Physical distribution, 79, 1 ab. 
 Systems of classification, 2 ab, ff. Fossil 
 mammals, 82, 2 c. 
 
 Mammalian eye , VII. 42, 2 b. 
 
 Mammalogy , classification of mammalia, XI. 
 79, 2 ab. 
 
 Mammals , Agassiz’s division of, IV. 12, 1 ab. 
 
 Mammary Glands, XI. 83. 
 
 Mam'mea America’na (botany), XI. 83, 2 c. 
 
 Mammee Apple, XI. 83 (ill., 84). 
 
 Mammoth, fossil elephant, XI. 84 (ills.). 
 
 Mammoth anthracite bed , I. 550, 2 a. 
 
 Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, XI. 85. 
 
 Mammoth tree , of California, III. 606, 1 ab. 
 See Sequoia. 
 
 Mamore [ma-mo-ra'], river of Bolivia, III. 13, 
 
 1 be. 
 
 Mamposteria [mam-poce-ta-re'-a], building com¬ 
 position, XIV. 624, 1 c. 
 
 Man: see Anatomy, Archeology, Compara¬ 
 tive Anatomy, Ethnology, Mammalia, 
 PniLosopnY, and Physiology. Era of man: 
 see Pliocene, XIII. 613, 2 c. 
 
 Man, Isle of, Great Britain, XI. 86. 
 
 Man in the iron mash : see Iron Mask. 
 
 Man machine , in mining, XL 575, 1 a. 
 
 Man-of-war bird (albatross), I. 249, 2 c. 
 
 Managua [ma-na'-gwa], capital of Nicaragua, 
 XI. 87. 
 
 Managua, Lake, XI. 87. 
 
 Manakin, bird, XI. 87 (ills., 88). 
 
 Manassas, Battles of: see Bull Run. 
 
488 
 
 MA 1ST ASSET! 
 
 MANTCELEANS 
 
 Manasseh, Hebrew patriarch and tribe, XI. 
 
 88. King of Judah, 2 c; VIII. 589, 1 c. 
 Manasseh ben Joseph ben Israel: see Menasseh 
 
 ben Israel. 
 
 Manatee', aquatic mammal, XT. 88. Florida 
 manatee, 89, 2 ab (ill.) ; South American, 
 2 b; northern, 2 c. 
 
 Manatee, county, XI. 90. 
 
 Manatee , county seat, XI. 90, 1 b. 
 
 Mana'tus (zoology), XI. 88, 2 c. M. latirostris, 
 
 89. 2 b (ill.), and other species. 
 
 Manayunk' : see Philadelphia, XIII. 389, 1 c. 
 Manbote , blood money, II. 738, 1 c. 
 
 Manby, George William, English officer, XI. 
 
 90. His life-saving inventions, 1 c. 
 
 Manca , piece of gold as coin, XI. 738, 1 c. 
 Mancarita [man-ka-re'-ta], unknown quadru¬ 
 ped, V. 86, 2 be. 
 
 Mancha, La [la man'-cha], province of Spain, 
 XI. 90. 
 
 Manohe, La [la ma ng sh], department of France, 
 XI. 90. 
 
 Man'ciiester, city of Hew Hampshire, XI. 90. 
 Manchester, town of Connecticut, XI. 91. 
 Manchester , county seats, II. 532, 1 c; IV. 651, 
 1 b; V. 18, 1 b. 
 
 Manchester, city of England, XI. 92. Eoyal 
 exchange, 2 c (ilk). Assize courts, 93, 1 a 
 (ill.). Manufactures, 94, 1 c (table, 2 c). His¬ 
 tory, 95, 1 ab. 
 
 Manchester unity : see Odd Fellows, XII. 578, 
 1 c. American unity, 2 a. 
 
 Manchineel', tree, XL 95 (ill.). 
 
 Manchooria : see Mantchooria. 
 
 Mancini [man-che'-ne], Roman family, XI. 95. 
 Laure, niece of Mazarin, 96, 1 a. Olympe, 
 “ black soul and black face,” ib. Marie, 1 b. 
 Hortense, 1 c. Marie Anne, 2 b. 
 
 Mancini, Pasquale, Italian statesman, XI. 96. 
 
 Laura Beatrice Oliva, poetess, 97, 1 a. 
 Manco Capac, mythical, XI. 97; III. 13, 1 a; 
 
 XIII. 341, 2 c. Inca of Peru, XI. 97, 1 b. 
 Mancunium: see Manchester, England. 
 Mancusa: see Money, XI. 738, 1 c. 
 
 Mandalay: see Mandelay. 
 
 Mandamus, remedial writ, XI. 97. See Eject¬ 
 ment, VII. 26, 1 a, 2 a. 
 
 Mandans, Indian tribe, XI. 98. 
 
 Mandarin duck , XVI. 708, 1 be. 
 
 Mandarining , in calico printing, III. 590, 2 b. 
 Mandatary, mandator , XI. 99, 1 be. 
 
 Mandate, law term, XI. 99. 
 
 Mandats [ma ng -da] : see Assignats, II. 30, 2 b. 
 Mandelay', capital of Burmah, XI. 100 (view). 
 
 Mandeville, Sir John, English author, XI. 100. 
 Mandingo, country of W. Africa, XI. 101; II. 
 333, 1 c. Mandingos, ib., and X. 398, 2 b, 
 399, 1 ab; money used by them, XI. 736, 
 2 b. Mandingo dialect, I. 171, 2 a. 
 Mandioca: see Cassava. 
 
 Mandolin: see Violin, XVI. 364, 1 be. 
 Mandoline , musical box, XII. 94, 2 b. 
 Mandrag'ora : see Mandrake. 
 
 Mandrake, plant, XI. 101 (ill.). Another, 
 XIII. 633, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Mandrel, axis of lathe, XVI. 73, 2 b. 
 Mandrill : see Baboon, II. 184, 2 c (ill.). 
 Mandrucus [man-droo-koos'J, S. American In¬ 
 dians, XVI. 41, 1 be, 2 a. 
 
 Mandu, Egyptian divinity, XII. 116, 2 b. 
 Manes [ma'-neez]: see Manich^eans. 
 
 Manes, in mythology, XI. 101. 
 
 Man'etho, Egyptian historian, XI. 101 ; VI. 
 458, 2 c. 
 
 Manfred, prince of Tarentum, XI. 102; IV. 
 299, 1 c. 
 
 Manfredonia, seaport of Italy, XI. 102. 
 Man'gabey , monkey, XI. 753, 1 b. 
 
 Mangode'sum: see Manganese, XI. 102, 2 c. 
 Manganese', XI. 102; IX. 370, 2 c. 
 Manganesium, manganium, XI. 102, 2 c. 
 Mangarai [man-ga-ri'], island: see Flores. 
 Mangas Colorado , Indian chief, I. 580, 1 a. 
 Mange [mainjj, disease, VI. 695, 1 c. 
 
 Mangel Wurzel: see Beet, II. 471, 1 c. 
 Mangkassar: see Macassar. 
 
 Mangifera (botany), XI. 104, 2 c. M. Indica, 
 ib. (ill.). 
 
 Mangles, James, British traveller, XI. 104. 
 Mango, fruit, XI. 104 (ill.). 
 
 Mangoes, pickled fruit, XI. 105, 1 be. 
 Mangosteen', tree, XI. 105 (ilk). 
 
 Mangrove, tropical plants, XI. 105 (ills.). 
 Mang-tsze: see China, IV. 473, 2 a. 
 Manhattan, county seat, XIV. 335, 2 b. 
 Manhattan Island : see New York, XII. 
 373, 1 a, be. 
 
 Manheim : see Mannheim. 
 
 Manhood , ripe period of adult life, I. 181, 1 a. 
 Mani [ma'-ne]: see Manich^eans. 
 
 Mania, form of insanity, IX. 304, 1 a. 
 
 Mania a potu: see Delirium Tremens. 
 Manicaria saccharifera (botany), XIII. 20, 2 a. 
 MANicmEANS [man-e-ke'-ans], religious sect, 
 XL 106. Elements of their system, 107, 
 2 ab; doctrines, ib. ; moral principles, 108, 
 1 a; religious usages, 1 ab; history, 1 b. 
 On the eucharist, X. 638, 1 b; 640, 1 a. 
 
MANTFAISE 
 
 MANTELL 
 
 4SG 
 
 Manifaise : see Armor, I. 734, 1 a. 
 Manifestation of conscience: see Jesuits, IX. 
 628, 1 a. 
 
 Manihot (botany), IV. 62, 1 ab. M. utilissima, 
 2 a (ill.) ; starch granules of (ill.), XV. 318, 
 
 1 a. M. aipi, IV. 62, 2 a. M. Janipha, ib. 
 Manikin : see Anatomical Preparations. 
 Manil'a [Sp. ma-ne'-la], capital of the Philip¬ 
 pines, XI. 109 (view). 
 
 Manila Hemp, XI. 110 (ill.); II. 373, 2 a. 
 Use in paper making, XIII. 48, 2 ab ; in rope 
 making, XIV. 425, 1 b, 2 c. 
 
 Manilian laic , IX. 5, 1 c. 
 
 Manilius, Marcus, Latin poet, XI. 111. 
 
 Manin, Daniele [ma-neen'J, Italian statesman, 
 XI. 111. 
 
 Manioc : see Cassava. 
 
 Manis (zoology): see Pangolin. M. pentadac- 
 tyla, XIII. 37, 2 b (ill.). M. tetradactyla, 2 c. 
 Manissa, or Manisa, Asia Minor, XI. 111. 
 Manistee', county, XI. 112. 
 
 Manistee, city of Michigan, XI. 112. 
 Manitoba, province of Canada, XI. 112. Pop¬ 
 ulation, 1 b. Surface, 2 ab. Lakes and 
 rivers, 2 c. Geology, 113, 1 ab. Climate, 
 soil, and vegetation, 1 c, ff. Animals, 2 b. 
 Trade and communication, ib. Government, 
 
 2 c. Education, 114, 1 b. Religion, 1 c. 
 History, ib. 
 
 Manitoba, Lake, XI. 115. 
 
 Man'itou, Indian object of worship, XI. 115. 
 Manitou, county, XI. 115. 
 
 Manitou'lin Islands, Lake Huron, XI. 115. 
 Manitowoc', county, XI. 115. 
 
 Manitowoc, city of Wisconsin, XI. 115. 
 Manka'to, city of Minnesota, XI. 115. 
 Manley, John, American naval officer, XI. 116. 
 Manley, Mary, English authoress, XI. 116. 
 Manlii [man'-le-i], a Roman gens, XI. 116. 
 
 Marcus Manlius Capitolinus, 2 b. 
 
 Manlius: see Manlii, and Torquatus. 
 
 Manly art (pugilism), XIV. 73, 2 b. 
 
 Manmatha , in Hindoo mythology, IX. 230, 2 b. 
 Mann, Horace, American educationist, XI. 
 116; I. 567, 2 c. 
 
 Manna, juice of several plants, XI. 118; I. 
 806, 2 a; XV. 440, 2 b. Manna ash, XI. 
 118, la (ill.). Australian manna, XV. 441, 
 1 b; of Brian^on, 2 be; Trehala, 2 c; of 
 St. Nicholas of Bari, poison, I. 608, 2 c. 
 Use in medicine, XI. 118, 2 a. 
 
 Manna , sugar of: see Mannite. 
 
 Mannaia [man-na'-ya], instrument of execu¬ 
 tion, VIII. 311, 1 ab. 
 
 Manners, John : see Granby. 
 
 Mannheim [man'-hime], Baden, XI. 118. 
 
 Mannheim golf III. 213, 2 ab. 
 
 Mannin: see Man, Isle of. 
 
 Manning , county seat, IV. 632, 1 a. 
 
 Manning, Henry Edward, English archbishop, 
 XI. 119 ; IX. 265, 2 a, b, c. (Cardinal, 1875.) 
 
 Manning, James, American clergyman, first 
 president of Brown university, XI. 119. 
 
 Mannitanides [man'-ne-tan-ids]: see Mannite, 
 XI. 120, 1 c. 
 
 Mannite, a glucose, XI. 120 ; XV. 440, 2 a, b. 
 
 Mannitose: see Mannite, and XV. 441, 1 a. 
 
 Manny , county seat, XIV. 507, 2 a. 
 
 Manoel : see Emanuel. 
 
 Man-of-War Bird : see Frigate Bird. 
 
 Manom'eter, instrument, XI. 120 (ills.). 
 
 Manrequez [man-ra-kaith'], Spanish governor 
 of Florida, IX. 489, 2 a, b. 
 
 Manresa [man-ra'-sa], town of Spain, XI. 121. 
 
 Mans, Le [luh ma ng ], town of France, XI. 121. 
 Battles of, 2 c; X. 175, 1 b. 
 
 Man'sard roof XI. 122, 1 a; XIV. 420, 2 a. 
 
 Mansart, or Mansard, Francois [ma ng -sar], 
 French architect, XI. 121. Jules Hardouin, 
 architect, 122, 1 a. 
 
 Mansdotter , Katrina , queen of Sweden, VI. 
 709, 2 a. 
 
 Mansel, Henry Longueville, English author, 
 XI. 122; XIII. 445, 2 c. 
 
 Mansfeld [mance'-felt], German noble family, 
 XI. 122. Peter Ernst, count of, imperial 
 general and statesman, 2 a. Ernst, Protes¬ 
 tant general, 2 ab. 
 
 Mansfeldbituminouscopper slates ,VIII. 493, 2 b. 
 
 Mansfield, town of Connecticut, XI. 122. 
 
 Mansfield, city of Ohio, XI. 123. 
 
 Mansfield , Mount , Vermont, VIII. 235, 2 c. 
 
 Mansfield , chemist, II. 546, 1 a. 
 
 Mansfield, William Murray, earl of, English 
 jurist, XI. 123. 
 
 Mansion house , London, X. 593, 2 c. 
 
 Manslaughter, in law, XI. 124. 
 
 Mant, Richard, English bishop, XI. 126. 
 
 Mantchooria, country of Asia, XI. 126. 
 
 Mantchoos , XI. 126, 2 c; VII. 307, 1 c (Man- 
 tchoo Tartars). Their conquest of China, XI. 
 127, la; IV. 459, 2 a. 
 
 Mantegna, Andrea [man-ta'-nya], Italian ar¬ 
 tist, XI. 127. 
 
 Manteiga de tartaruga [man-ta'-ga da tar-ta- 
 roo'-ga], tortoise butter, XI. 143, 1 b. 
 
 Man'tell, Gideon Algernon, English geolo¬ 
 gist, XI. 127. 
 
490. 
 
 MANTEO 
 
 MARATHON 
 
 Manteo, county seat, V. 685, 2 c. 
 
 Manteuffel, Otto Theodor, baron [inan'-toi- 
 fel], Prussian statesman, XI. 127. Ivarl 
 Rochus Edwin, baron, soldier, 128, 1 a. 
 Manti, county seat, XIY. 610, 1 a. 
 
 Mantine'a, ancient town of Arcadia, XI. 128. 
 Ruins of, 2 a. 
 
 Mantis (zoolog}), XI. 128. M. religiosa, 2 b 
 (ill.). M. Carolina, 2 c. 
 
 Mantle, of flame, VII. 254, 1 a. 
 
 Mantling, in heraldry, VIII. 674, 1 b. 
 
 Man'tom: see Mantua. 
 
 Mantra period, in Vedic literature, IX. 222, 2 c. 
 Man'tua, province of Italy, XI. 129. Capital 
 city, 1 a (view). Public edifices, 1 c. Edu¬ 
 cational and charitable institutions, &c., 2 c. 
 History, 130, 1 a. 
 
 Manu [ma'-noo], in Hindoo mythology, II. 159, 
 
 1 b; IX. 225, 1 ab. Laws of, 223, 1 ab : 
 see Geology, VII. 687, 1 c. 
 
 Manuel, name of two Byzantine emperors, XI. 
 130. Manuel I. Comnenus, 1 c; I. 279, 2 a. 
 Manuel II. Palseologus, XI. 130, 2 b. 
 Manufactory scheme , banking speculation, I. 
 107, 1 a, c. 
 
 Manufactures, colonial , restrained by British 
 legislation, XVI. 152, 1 b. 
 
 Manumission, Roman, XI. 130. 
 
 Manures: see Agricultural Chemistry, I. 
 197, 1 ab, ff. Theory of manuring, ib. Sta¬ 
 ble manure, 2 b; other ingredients, 2 c; 
 special, 198, 1 a. Enriching and exhausting 
 crops, 1 c. Green manuring, 2 b. Nitro¬ 
 genous manures, 199, 2 b. 
 
 Manuscript, in bibliography, XI. 131 (ill.). 
 Form, 1 b. Transcription, 1 c. Illumina¬ 
 tion, 2 a. Initials, 2 b. Ornamentation, 2 c, 
 ff. Oldest extant, 132, 1 b. On parchment, 
 
 2 a; palimpsests, ib. Of the Bible, 2 c. 
 Science of, 133, 2 c: see Diplomatics. 
 Characters, ib. Abbreviations, 134, 1 b. 
 Arabic numerals, 1 c. 
 
 Manuscript of Koniginhof VIII. 441, 1 b. 
 Manu'tius, family of Italian printers, XI. 134. 
 Aldus the Elder, 2 a; IX. 461, 1 b. Pau- 
 lus, XI. 134, 2 b. Aldus the Younger, 2 c. 
 Manuzio [ma-noo'-tse-o]: see Manutius. 
 Manx, Celtic tribe, XI. 87, 1 b. 
 
 Manx cat , IV. 92, 2 ab (ill.). 
 
 “ Many carried their mills , dec., on their 
 shoulders ,” author of, II. 503, 1 a. 
 Manyplies: see Ruminantia, XIV. 467, 2 c. 
 Manzanilla wines [man-tha-ne'-lya], XV. 224, 
 2 be. 
 
 Manzanillo, fruit of the mancliineel, XI. 95, 2 a. 
 Manzo'ni, Alessandro, count, Italian novelist, 
 XI. 135. 
 
 Mao'ri : see New Zealand, XII. 412, 1 be. 
 Language of the Maoris, 413, 1 c. Origin, 
 414, 1 a. Insurrection of, II. 102, 1 c. 
 
 Map, XI. 135. Methods of map making, 2 ab, ff. 
 For special objects, 136, 2 a. Of the United 
 States, 2 b. Among ancient nations, 2 c. 
 Early maps of America, 137, 1 a. 
 
 Map, Walter: see Mapes. 
 
 Mapes, Walter, English Latin poet, XI. 137. 
 Maphrian, Jacobite prelate, IX. 500, 1 c. 
 Mapilas [ma-pe'-las], Mussulmans of Malabar, 
 XI. 47, 2 c. 
 
 Mapimi [ma-pe'-me], desert of Mexico, XI. 137. 
 Maple, tree, XI. 137. Red or swamp maple, 
 2 c; white or silver, 138, 1 c; sugar, 2 a 
 (ill.); striped, 139, 1 c; large-leaved, &c., 
 2 b; sycamore, 140, 1 a (ill.); Norway, 
 
 1 ab; common European, 1 c (ill.); Can- 
 dian, &c., 2 b ; ash-leaved, 2 c (ilk). Leaf 
 of maple (ill.), X. 264, 2 a. 
 
 Maple City (Ogdensburg), XII. 588, 1 c. 
 
 Maple sugar, manufacture of, XI. 139, 1 ab. 
 Production of, 1 c. 
 
 Mapurite [ma-poo-re'-ta], badger, III. 172, 2 c. 
 Maquet, Auguste [ma-ka], French novelist, 
 XI. 141. 
 
 Mara [ma'-ra], in Buddhism, III. 393, 2 b; 
 394, 1 be. 
 
 Marabou [mar-a-boo'j, bird, XI. 141 (ill.). 
 Marabout', origin and meaning of, I. 345, 2 b. 
 Maracanda: see Samarcand, XIV. 588, 2 c ; 
 589, 1 ab. 
 
 Maracaybo [ma-ra-kk-bo], city of Venezuela, 
 XI. 142. Lake of, 1 c. Gulf of: see Vene¬ 
 zuela, XVI. 291, 2 c. 
 
 Marajo [ma-ra-zho'], island of Brazil, XI. 142. 
 Maram, sea reed, XIV. 241, 1 c. 
 
 Maranham [rnar-an-ham']: see Maranhao. 
 Maranhao [ma-ra-nyow" 6 '], province of Brazil, 
 XI. 142. San Luiz de, capital city, 143, 1 c. 
 Maranhao River : see Mearim. 
 
 MaraKon [ma-ra-nyoan']: see Amazon, I. 380, 
 
 2 ab; Peru, XIII. 336, 1 a. 
 
 Maranta arundinacea (botany), I. 767, 2 a (ilk). 
 
 Starch granules of, XV. 317, 2 c (ilk, 318). 
 Marat, Jean Paul [ma-ra], French revolution¬ 
 ist, XI. 143. 
 
 Marathi [ma-ra'-the], a modern Sanskrit idiom, 
 IX. 217, 1 a; 219, 2 a. 
 
 Mar'athon, Greece, battle of, XI. 144. 
 Marathon, county, XI. 145. 
 
MARATTI 
 
 MARFORIO 
 
 491 
 
 Maratti, Carlo [ma-rat'-te], Italian painter, 
 XI. 145. 
 
 Marbeau, Jean Baptiste Francois [mar-bo], 
 French philanthropist, XI. 145. 
 
 Marbeck, John, English composer, XI. 145. 
 
 Marble, rock, XI. 145. Ancient marbles, 146, 
 1 b; modern, 2 a. Methods of preparing, 
 148, 1 a. Marble quarries in the United 
 States, 1 b. Potomac marble, III. 240, 1 c. 
 
 Marble, Manton, American journalist, XI. 148. 
 (Retired 1876.) 
 
 Marblehead, town of Massachusetts, XI. 148. 
 
 Marbles, Playing, XI. 148. 
 
 Ma/rbod , chief of the Marcomanni, I. 729, 2 c. 
 
 Marbois, Barbe: see Barbe-Marbois. 
 
 Marburg [mar'-boorg], town of Prussia, XI. 
 149 (view). Conference at, X. 728, 1 c: 
 see Zwingli, XVI. 841, 2 c. 
 
 Marc’ Antonio : see Raimondi. 
 
 Marca Hispanica , X. E. Spain, XV. 211, 1 be. 
 
 Marcasite , mineral, V. 539, 2 c; XIV. 109,1 a 
 (marcite). 
 
 Marceau, Francois S6verin des Graviers [mar- 
 so], French soldier, XI. 149. 
 
 Marcello, Benedetto [mar-chel'-lo], Italian 
 composer, XI. 150. 
 
 Marcellus , nom de plume, I. 99, 1 b. 
 
 Maroellus, Marcus Claudius, Roman general, 
 XI. 150. 
 
 Marcellus, Nonius, Latin grammarian, XI.150. 
 
 Marcellus shale, in geology, VI. 58, 1 ab. 
 
 March, month, XI. 150. 
 
 March [mar k h], river of Austria, XI. 151. 
 
 March, Charles W., American author, XI. 151. 
 
 March, Earl of: see Mortimer, Roger. 
 
 March, Francis Andrew, American scholar, 
 XI. 151. 
 
 “ March hare , mad as a ” VIII. 456, 2 be. 
 
 March of Treviso, count of the, II. 575, 2 c. 
 
 Marchand [mar-sha ng ], (Louis, 1669-1732), 
 French organist, II. 195, 2 a. 
 
 Marchantict [mar-kan'-she-a], (botany), X. 542, 
 1 be. M. polymorph a, 543, 1 c (ill., 542). 
 
 Marchantia'cece (botany), X. 543, 1 a. 
 
 Marche, La [la marsh], old province of France, 
 XI. 151. 
 
 Marche d prime [mar-sha a preem]: see Stock 
 Exchange, XV. 388, 2 c. 
 
 Marche du Temple [dii ta ne -p’l], in Paris, XIII. 
 89, 2 c. 
 
 Marches, The, division of Italy, XI. 151. See 
 188, 1 a; XIII. 40, 2 e. 
 
 Marchesi, Pompeo [mar-ka'-ze], Italian sculp¬ 
 tor, XI. 151. 
 
 Marchfeld [maUh'-felt]: see March, XI. 151,1 b. 
 
 Marchisio, Carlotta [mar-ke'-ze-o], Italian vo¬ 
 calist, XI. 152. Barbara, 1 a. 
 
 Marcion : see Gnostics, VIII. 53, 2 b, 54, 2 b. 
 
 March, Guillaume de la, prince of Sedan, III. 
 151, 1 c ; X. 417, 1 c (William). Robert do 
 la, XI. 151, 1 c. Charlotte de la, duchess 
 of Bouillon, 152, 1 b. 
 
 Marco Bozzaris : see Bozzaris. 
 
 Marcomanni, ancient German people, XI. 152. 
 
 Marco Polo : see Polo. 
 
 Maroou, Jules [mar-koo], French geologist, 
 XI. 152. 
 
 Marcus Aurelius : see Antoninus. 
 
 Marcus Aurelius Alexander, I. 289, 1 b (Alex¬ 
 ander Severus). 
 
 Marcy, William Learned, American states¬ 
 man, XI. 152. 
 
 Mardin [mar-deen'], town of Turkey, XI. 153. 
 
 Mardonius : see Greece, VIII. 189, 1 c, 2 b ; 
 190, 2 a, b. 
 
 Mare d'Auteuil [rnftr do-tuhy’], pond in the 
 Bois de Boulogne, III. 154, 1 b. 
 
 Ma're Cas'pium : see Caspian Sea. 
 
 Mare Gallicum: see Lyons, Gulf of. 
 
 Mare Internum or Nostrum : see Mediterra¬ 
 nean Sea. 
 
 Mare Rubrum, Erythraean sea, VI. 722, 1 a. 
 
 Mare Suevicum [swe'-ve-kum]: see Baltic Sea. 
 
 Mare's tail ,• cloud, IV. 710, 2 c. 
 
 Mare's tail, plant, XI. 615, 2 b. 
 
 Mareca (ornithology), III. 733, 2 a; XVI. 615, 
 2 b. M. Americana, 2 c. M. Penelope, 616, 
 1 a (ill., 615). 
 
 Marem'me, marshy tracts in Italy, XI. 153. 
 
 Marengo, Carlo, Italian dramatist, XI. 153. 
 
 Marengo, county, XI. 153. 
 
 Marengo, county seat, IX. 340, 1 c. 
 
 Marengo, Italy, battle of, XI. 153. 
 
 Marenzio, Luca, Italian composer, XI. 153. 
 
 Mareo [ma-ra'-o], disease in Peru, XIII. 338,1 a. 
 
 Mareo'tis, Lake, XI. 154; I. 291, 1 b. 
 
 Maresch, J. A. [ma'-resh], horn player, XI. 154. 
 
 Maret, Henri Louis Charles [ma-ra], French 
 theologian, XI. 154. 
 
 Maret, Hugues Bernard: see Bassano, duke of. 
 
 Marey, Etienne Jules [ina-ra], French physi¬ 
 ologist, XI. 154. 
 
 Marezoll, Gustav Ludwig Theodor [ma'-reh- 
 tsul], German jurist, XI. 154. 
 
 Marfo'ri (Carlos, 1818-77, son of an Italian 
 cook), lover of Queen Isabella (from 1856), 
 IX. 424, 1 a. 
 
 Marforio, statue of XIII. 148, 1 b. 
 
492 
 
 MARGARET 
 
 MARIO 
 
 Margaret, maiden of Norway, queen of Scot¬ 
 land, I. 285,1 c; III. 351, 2 b; XIV. 704,2 c. 
 Margaret, queen of Navarre (Margaret of An- 
 gouleme), XI. 155. 
 
 Margaret, queen and patron saint of Scotland, 
 
 XI. 155. St. Margaret’s cup, 156, 1 a. 
 Margaret of Anjou, queen of England, XI. 
 156. See Edward IV. Referred to, XIV. 
 270, 2 b. 
 
 Margaret of Austria, regent of the Nether¬ 
 lands, XI. 157. 
 
 Margaret of Denmark, the Semiramis of the 
 North, XI. 157. 
 
 Margaret of Parma, regent of the Nether¬ 
 lands, XI. 157. See Granvelle, cardinal de. 
 Margaret of Valois, queen of France, XI. 158. 
 Margarine [mar'-ga-rin], and Margaric Acid, 
 
 XI. 158; I. 119, 1 a. Chevreul’s margarine, 
 
 XII. 605, 1 a. 
 
 Margarita, Island of [mar-ga-re'-ta]: see Nue- 
 va Sparta. 
 
 Margaritone d’Arezzo [mar-ga-re-to'-na da- 
 ret'-so], Italian artist, XI. 158. 
 
 Mar'gate, town of England, XI. 158. 
 
 Margaux wine [mar-go], VII. 411, 1 b. 
 Maegay: see Ocelot, XII. 574, 1 b (ill., 573). 
 Marggraf [marg'-graf], chemist, IV. 361, 1 ab; 
 I. 63, 2 a. 
 
 Margrave : see Marquis, XI. 188, 1 a. 
 Marheineke, Philipp Konrad [mar-hi'-neh- 
 keh], German theologian, XI. 158. 
 
 Maria Christina [ma-re'-a kris-te'-na], queen 
 dowager of Spain, XI. 159 ; X. 106,1 b. See 
 Narvaez, Eamon Maria, and VII. 138, 2 b. 
 Maria II. da Gloria, queen of Portugal, XI. 159. 
 Mariadec, Conan [ma-re'-a-dek], British settler 
 of Armorica, I. 734, 1 c. 
 
 Maria del Occidente , nom de plume, III. 328,1 c. 
 Maria de’ Medici [da ma'-de-che], queen of 
 France, XI. 160. See Richelieu, Cardinal. 
 Her imprisonment, II. 727, 1 b. 
 
 Maria Gloriosa, church bell, VI. 707, 2 c. 
 MariaJcirch [ma-re'-a-keer c k]: see Markirch. 
 Maria Louisa, empress: see Bonaparte, III. 
 47, 2 a. Her marriage referred to, XIV. 
 690, 1 b. 
 
 Maria Louisa , regent of Lucca, X. 702, 1 a- 
 
 XIII. 121, 1 b (queen of Etruria). 
 
 Marian'a, county seat, X. 289, 2 c. 
 
 Mariana, Juan [ma-re-a'-na], Spanish historian 
 
 XI. 160. 
 
 Mariana islands: see Ladrone. 
 
 Marianna, city of Brazil, XI. 160. 
 
 Marianna , county seat, IX. 482, 2 c. 
 
 Marianne Isles : see Ladrones. 
 
 Maria Theresa, German empress and queen of 
 Hungary and Bohemia, XI. 160; IX. 58, 2 a. 
 
 Maeia-Theresiopel [ma-re'-a-ta-ra-ze-o'-pel]: 
 see Szabadka. 
 
 Mariazell [-tsel'J, village of Austria, XI. 161. 
 
 Marib (or Mareb), dike of, VIII. 734, 2 c. 
 
 Marico'pa, county, XI. 161. 
 
 Maricopas : see Coco-Maricopas. 
 
 Maricourt , sieur de [ma-re-koor], X. 338, 1 ab. 
 
 Marie , daughter of Lucien Bonaparte, III. 34,2 c. 
 
 Marie, Charles Frangois Maximilien [ma-re], 
 French mathematician, XI. 162. 
 
 Marie Amalie [a-ma-le], queen of the French, 
 XI. 162. 
 
 Marie Antoinette, Jos&phe Jeanne de Lor¬ 
 raine [a Dg -twa-net], queen of France, XI. 162. 
 Affair of the diamond necklace, X. 128, 2 a. 
 
 Marie Louise de la Misericorde , assumed name, 
 V. 215, 2 b. 
 
 Maeienbad [ma-re'-en-bat], watering place in 
 Bohemia, XL 164. 
 
 Marienburg [-boorg], town of Prussia, XI. 164. 
 
 Marienlyst, castle of, VI. 554, 1 c. 
 
 Marienwerder [-vair-der], Prussia, XI. 164. 
 
 Ma'eies, county, XI. 165. 
 
 Marietta, city of Ohio, XI. 165. 
 
 Marietta, county seats, IV. 767, 2 b; XIV. 851, 
 2 ab. 
 
 Mariette, Auguste Edouard [ma-re-et], French 
 Egyptologist, XI. 165. 
 
 Marignan [ma-re-nya ng ]: see Melegnano. 
 
 Marignano [ma-re-nya'-no]: see Melegnano. 
 
 Marigold, plant, XI. 166. Origin of the name, 
 1 c. African marigold, 2 be (ill.); French, 
 ib. (ill. 167); and other species. 
 
 Marikiva [ma-re-ke'-va]: see Marmoset, XI. 
 181, 2 b. 
 
 Marin [ma-reen'J, county, XI. 167. 
 
 Marina [ma-re'-na], mistress of Cortes, XI. 167. 
 
 Marine glue, VIII. 45, 2c; X. 76, 2 a. 
 
 Marine life, distribution of, how determined, 
 VII. 312, 2 ab. 
 
 Marine vulture, so called, VII. 500, 1 c. 
 
 Mariner’s Compass : see Compass. Eemarka- 
 ble allusion to, X. 201, 1 c. 
 
 Marini, Giambattista [ma-re'-ne], Italian poet, 
 XI. 167. 
 
 Marinists: see Marini. 
 
 Mariilo [ma-re'-nyo], Colombian leader, III. 
 7, 2 b, c. 
 
 Mari'nus: see Martin (popes), XI. 208, 1 c. 
 
 Mario, Giuseppe, marquis de Candia [ma'-re-o], 
 Italian singer, XI. 167. 
 
MARION 
 
 MAROZIA 
 
 493 
 
 Mar'ion, name of seventeen counties, XI. 168. 
 Marion, town of Alabama, XI. 170. 
 
 Marion , county seats, V. 492, 1 b; VIII. 155, 
 
 1 b; X. 206, 1 a; 508, 2 a; 780, 2 a; XI. 
 169,1 c; XV. 128,1 b; XVI. 86,1 c; 648,1 c. 
 
 Marion, Fort: see Saint Augustine, XIV. 
 525, 1 b. 
 
 Marion, Francis, revolutionary officer, XI. 170. 
 Marion Centre , county seat, XI. 170, 1 a. 
 Marion Court House , county seat, XI. 168, 1 c. 
 Marion grape, I. 420, 1 a. 
 
 Marionville , county seat, VII. 316, 1 c. 
 Mariotte, Edme [ma-re-ut], French physicist, 
 XI. 171. Mariotte’s law, 172, 1 a; II. 82, 
 
 2 a; 331, 2 b; VI. 491, 1 c. 
 
 Maripo'sa, county, XI. 172. Mariposa claim: 
 
 see Fremont, J. C., VII. 479, 2 b. 
 
 Mariposa , county seat, XI. 172, 1 b. 
 
 Marischal college , Aberdeen, I. 21, 1 c. 
 Maritime conference at Brussels: see Maury, 
 M. F. 
 
 Maritz, Gerrit , leader of the Boers, II. 776,1 b. 
 Maritza, river of Roumelia, XI. 172. 
 Mariupol [ma-re-oo'-pol], seaport of Russia, 
 XV. 553, 2 a. 
 
 Ma'rius, Caius, Roman soldier, XI. 172; IX. 
 709, 1 a. Victories over the Teutons and 
 Cimbri, IV. 583, 1 a, b. 
 
 Marivaudage [ma-re-vo-dazh]: see Marivaux. 
 Marivaux, Pierre Carlet de Chamblain de 
 [ma-re-vo], French author, XI. 174. 
 Mar'joram, plant, XI. 174 (ill., 175). Sweet 
 (knotted) marjoram, 2 c; wild, ib. 
 
 Mar jo'rian, Roman emperor, XVI. 564, 2 be. 
 Mark, Saint, XI. 175. Gospel of, 2 a. 
 
 “ Mark ,” in horses’ teeth, VIII. 825, 2 c. 
 
 Mark Antony : see Antony. 
 
 Mark Twain, pseudonyme, IV. 660, 1 a, c. 
 Markham, Clements Robert, English geog¬ 
 rapher, XI. 176. 
 
 Markirch [mar'-keer c h], town of Alsace-Lor¬ 
 raine, XI. 176. 
 
 Markland: see Northmen, XII. 498, 1 b. 
 Marksville , county seat, II. 164, 1 c. 
 
 Marl, a clay, XI. 176 ; VIII. 238, 1 c. 
 Marl'borough, county, XI. 176. 
 Marlborough, town of Massachusetts, XI. 176. 
 Marlborough, town of England, XI. 176. 
 Marlborough, John Churchill, duke of, Brit¬ 
 ish general, XI. 177. Marriage, 1 b. Sides 
 with William of Orange against James, 1 c. 
 Treachery to William III., 2 ab. Under 
 Queen Anne, 2 be. Victorious campaigns, 
 2 c, ff. Political reverses and overthrow, 
 
 178, 1 b. Favors the Hanoverian succes¬ 
 sion, 1 c; alleged aid of the pretender, ib. 
 
 Marlborough, Sarah Jennings, duchess of, XI. 
 177, 1 b, ff. Her character, 178, 2 ab. Re¬ 
 ferred to, XVI. 253, 1 be. See Masham. 
 
 Marlborough gems , I. 798, 2 b. 
 
 Marlborough house , X. 609, 1 c. 
 
 Marlbridge: see Malbridge (Index). 
 
 Marie , Thomas de, V. 421, 1 b. 
 
 Marliani, Aurelio, count [mar-le-a'-ne], Italian 
 composer, XI. 178. 
 
 Marlin, county seat, VII. 76, 2 b. 
 
 Mariinsky, the Cossack, pseudonyme, II. 592,2 a. 
 
 Marlinspike, XVI. 7, 1 a. 
 
 Marlitt, E., nom de plume, IX. 652, 1 c; 
 VII. 770, 1 a. 
 
 Marlowe, Christopher, English poet, XI. 178. 
 
 Marmara, sea of: see Marmora. 
 
 Marmaros [mar'-mor-osh], county of Hungary, 
 XI. 179. 
 
 Marmier, Xavier [mar-mya], French author, 
 XI. 179. 
 
 Marmont, Auguste Fr6d6ric Louis Viesse de 
 [mar-mo ne ], duke of Ragusa, marshal of 
 France, XI. 179. See Blucher, II. 754, 755. 
 
 Marmontel, Jean Francois [mar-mo ng -tel], au¬ 
 thor, XI. 180. Louis Joseph, 181, 1 a. 
 
 Mar'mora, Sea of, XI. 181. Island of, 1 b. 
 
 Marmoset [mar-mo-zet'J, XI. 181. Striated, 
 1 c (ill.) ; silky, 2 b (ill.) ; leonine, 2 c. 
 
 Marmot, XI. 182. European, 1 ab (ill.). 
 
 Marmoutier, monastery of [mar-moo-tya], XL 
 211, 1 a. 
 
 Marne, river of France, XI. 182. 
 
 Marne, department of France, XI. 182. 
 
 Marne, Haute : see Haute-Maene. 
 
 Marne, count and countess of, I. 508,1 c. 
 
 Marnix, Philip van : see Aldegonde, Sainte. 
 
 Marobo'duus, Germanic chief, I. 729, 2 c. 
 
 Marocco : see Morocco. 
 
 Marochetti, Carlo, baron [ma-ro-ket'-te], Ital¬ 
 ian sculptor, XI. 182. 
 
 Maron (three): see Maronites, XL 183, 1 a. 
 
 Maronites, Syrian Christians, XI. 183. 
 
 Maroons', fugitive slaves, XI. 183. 
 
 Maros [mor'-osh], river of Hungary, XI. 185. 
 
 Maros-Vasarhely [-va'-shar-hely’], town of 
 Hungary, XI. 185. 
 
 Marot, Clement [ma-ro], French poet, XI. 185. 
 Jean, 1 b. Michel, 1 c. 
 
 Maroun, St.: see Maronites, XI. 183, 1 a. 
 
 Marozia (wife successively of Dukes Alberico 
 and Guido of Tuscany and King Hugo of 
 Arles and Italy), IX. 647, 1 ab, b. 
 
494 
 
 MARPESSA 
 
 MARSIGLI 
 
 Marpessa, Mt., marble quarries of, XIII. 124,2 a. 
 
 Marque, Letter of: see Privateer. 
 
 Marquee [raar-ke'J: see Tent, XV. 652, 2 c. 
 
 Marquesas Islands [mar-ka'-sass], South Pa¬ 
 cific, XI. 185. 
 
 Marqueterie [mar-ket-re], (marquetry), III. 
 419, 1 c. 
 
 Marquetry [mar'-ket-re]: see Buhl Work. 
 
 Marquette [mar-ket'j, two counties, XI. 186. 
 
 Marquette, city of Michigan, XI. 186. 
 
 Marquette, Jacques, French explorer, XI. 186. 
 
 Marquette ore beds , IX. 407, 1 c. 
 
 Marquez, Leonardo [mar-kace'], Mexican gen¬ 
 eral, XI. 187. 
 
 Marquis, or Marquess, title, XI. 187. 
 
 Marraoci, Ludovico [mar-rat'-che], Italian ori¬ 
 entalist, XI. 188. 
 
 Marriage, XI. 188. See Husband and Wife. 
 Rule for determining the validity of, X. 391, 
 2 be. Marriage act under George II., VII. 
 706, 2 a; under George III., regulating mar¬ 
 riage in the royal family, 707, 2 b. Marriage 
 on Sunday, X. 637, 1 b. Marriageable age, 
 I. 181, 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 Marriages, mixed , papal controversy with 
 Prussia, VIII. 245, 2 ab. 
 
 Marriage Settlements, XI. 189; XIV.786, 2 b. 
 
 Marron [ma-ro ng ], kind of chestnut, IV. 391,1 b. 
 
 Marrow, XI. 190. Referred to, III. 58, 2 b, c. 
 
 a Marrow controversy XIV. 254,1b. 
 
 Marrubium mdga're (botany), VIII. 816, lc(ill.). 
 
 Marryat, Frederick, English naval officer and 
 author, XI. 190. Samuel Francis, 190, 2 b. 
 Florence (Mrs. Ross Church), ib. 
 
 Mars, god of war, XI. 190. 
 
 Mars , the Portuguese , I. 258, 1 c. 
 
 Mars, planet, XI. 191. Diameter, 2 b. Peri¬ 
 od of rotation, 1 c ; its true value, 192, 1 be. 
 Surface, 1 c. Solar radiation, 2 be ; atmos¬ 
 pheric temperature, 2 c. Adaptation for 
 animal life, 193, 1 b. (Two satellites dis¬ 
 covered by Prof. Asaph Hall, of Washington, 
 D. C., Aug. 11 and 18, 1877.) 
 
 Mars, Anne Fran§oise Hippolyte Boutet 
 [marce], French actress, XI. 193. 
 
 Marsala [mar-sa'-la], town of Sicily, XI. 193. 
 Marsala wine, IX. 468, 2 c. 
 
 Marsohner, Heinrich [marsh'-ner], German 
 composer, XI. 194. 
 
 Marsden, William, British orientalist, XL 194. 
 
 Marseillaise, La [la mar-sa-yaiz], French na¬ 
 tional song, XI. 194. 
 
 Marseillais, les [la mar-sa-ya], body of revo¬ 
 lutionists, II. 298, 1 b. 
 
 Marseilles [mar-sailz'; Fr. mar-say’], city cf 
 France, XI. 194. The bourse (ill.), 195. 
 History, 2 a. 
 
 Marsh, Ann (Caldwell), English authoress, 
 XI. 196. 
 
 Marsh, Dexter, American paleontologist, XI. 
 196. 
 
 Marsh, George Perkins, American scholar, XI. 
 
 196. Caroline (Crane), authoress, 197, 1 a. 
 Marsh, Herbert, English author, XI. 197. 
 Marsh, James, American scholar, XI. 197. 
 Marsh, Othniel Charles, naturalist, XI. 197. 
 Marshal, civic and military officer, XI. 197. 
 
 Field marshal, 198, 1 ab. 
 
 Marshal Forwards, nickname, II. 756, 2 ab. 
 Marshall, name of nine counties, XI. 198. 
 Marshall, city of Michigan, XI. 199. 
 
 Marshall , county seats, IV. 636, 1 c; VIII. 
 481, 1 a; X. 819, 2 c; 820, 1 a; XIV. 565, 
 
 1 c; 740, 1 c. 
 
 Marshall, Humphrey, American politician, 
 XI. 199. 
 
 Marshall, John, jurist, XI. 199. Early life, 
 
 2 a. Military service, 2 b. On the con¬ 
 struction of the federal constitution, 200, 
 1 c. Speech in congress on the surrender 
 of Robbins, 201, 1 ab; on Jay’s treaty, ib. 
 Secretary of state, 1 be. Chief justice, 1 c. 
 His life of Washington, ib. Characteriza¬ 
 tion, 2 ab. 
 
 Marshall, Thomas Francis, politician, XI. 201. 
 Marshall, William Calder, Scottish sculptor, 
 XI. 201. 
 
 Marshall college: see Mercersburg. 
 Marshalling of arms, in heraldry, VIII. 673, 2 c. 
 Marshalltown , county seat, XI. 199, 1 b. 
 Marshfield , county seat, XVI. 528, 1 c. Seat 
 of Daniel Webster (Plymouth co., Mass., on 
 Massachusetts bay), 532, 2 a. 
 
 Marsh fish, XII. 26, 1 a. 
 
 Marsh gas, I. 61, 2 a; III. 776, 1 a; VII. 637, 
 2c; IX. 178, 1 a. 
 
 Marsh Hawk : see Harrier. 
 
 Marsh hay , VIII. 169, 1 c. 
 
 Marsh Hen : see Rail, XIV. 169, 1 b, c. 
 Marsh Mallow : see Althea. 
 
 Marsiiman, Joshua, English missionary, XI. 202. 
 Marsh miasm, VII. 165, 2 ab. See Malaria. 
 Marsh ore, IX. 408, 1 a. 
 
 Marsh Rabbit : see Hare, VIII. 457, 2 be. 
 Marsi, ancient people of Italy, XI. 202; of 
 Germanv, 2 a. 
 
 Marsic war, XI. 173, 2 b. 
 
 Marsigli, Luigi Ferdinando, count [mar-st>' 
 
MARSIPOBRANCHII 
 
 MARTYR 
 
 495 
 
 lye], Italian naturalist, XI. 202. Institu¬ 
 tions founded by, III. 18, 2 b. 
 
 Marsipobrancliii (ichthyology), XII. 121, 1 c. 
 
 Mars-la-Touk [marce-la-toor], France, battle 
 of, XI. 202. 
 
 Marston, John, English poet, XI. 202. 
 
 Marston, Westland, English author, XI. 203. 
 
 Marston Moor, England, battle of, XI. 203; 
 
 V. 502, 1 c. 
 
 Marstrand, Wilhelm [mar'-stran], Danish 
 painter, XI. 203. 
 
 Marsupials, order of mammals, XI. 203. 
 
 Marsupium : see Marsupials, XI. 203, 2 b. 
 
 Marsus, Domitius, Roman poet, XI. 204. 
 
 Marsyas, in Greek mythology, XI. 204. 
 
 Martel, Charles: see Charles Martel ; III. 
 793, 2 ab; and IY. 335, 1 c. Origin of the 
 name, 284, 2 a. 
 
 Marten, animal, XI. 205 (ill.). Fur of pine 
 marten, VII. 536, 2 c; of European, 537, 
 la; of stone marten, ib. 
 
 Martens, Georg Friedrich von [mar'-tence], 
 German publicist, XI. 205. Karl von, diplo¬ 
 matist, 2 b. 
 
 Martha grape, I. 418, 1 a. 
 
 Martha institute, VIII. 751, 1 be. 
 
 Martha’s Vineyard, island of Massachusetts, 
 XI. 205. History, 206, 1 a. 
 
 Martial, Latin poet, XI. 206. Epigrams, 1 c ; 
 X. 197, 2 a. 
 
 Martialis, Marcus Valerius [mar-she-a'-lis]: 
 see Martial. 
 
 Martial Law, XI. 206. Distinguished from 
 military law, 2 a. Supreme court of the 
 United States in Milligan’s case, 207, 1 a. 
 
 Martignac ministry [mar-te-nyak], (Jean Bap¬ 
 tiste Gage de, 1776-1832, minister of the 
 interior 1828—’9), IV. 289, 1 a. 
 
 Martin, bird, XI. 207 (ill.). American house 
 martin, XV. 499, 1 b ; sand or bank, 2 a. 
 
 Martin, name of four counties, XI. 207. 
 
 Martin, name of five popes, XI. 208. I., Saint, 
 1 ab. IV., Simon de Brion, 1 c. V., Ot- 
 tone Oolonna, 2 ab. 
 
 Martin , lunacy case of, X. 717, 2 be. 
 
 Martin , naturalist, his division of mankind, 
 
 VI. 754, 2 be. 
 
 Martin, Aime : see Aime-Martin. 
 
 Martin, Alexander, American soldier, XI. 208. 
 
 Martin, Alexandre [mar-tX ng ]: see Albert, 
 I. 250, 2 c. 
 
 Martin, Arthur, French archeologist, XI. 
 209. F61ix, ecclesiastic, 1 b. 
 
 Martin, Bon Louis Henri, historian, XI. 209. 
 
 Martin, Claude (1732-1800), French adven¬ 
 turer in India, X. 706, 2 c. 
 
 Martin, David, French clergyman, XI. 209. 
 Martin, Frangois Xavier, American jurist, 
 XI. 209. 
 
 Martin, John, English painter, XI. 210. 
 Martin, Louis Aime : see Aime-Martin. 
 Martin, Luther, American lawyer, XI. 210. 
 Martin, Saint, of Tours, XI. 210; 729, 2 a. 
 Martin, Theodore, British author, XI. 211. 
 Martineau, Harriet [mar'-te-no], English au¬ 
 thoress, XI. 211. (Died 1876.) James, 
 clergyman, 212, 1 b; XIII. 447, 1 a. 
 Martinet, Achille Louis [mar-te-na], French 
 engraver, XI. 212. 
 
 Martinets: see University, XVI. 209, 2 c. 
 Martinez [mar-te'-ness], county seat, V. 289,1 c. 
 Martinez de la Rosa, Francisco [mar-te'-naith 
 da la ro'-sa], Spanish statesman, XI. 212. 
 Martini, Giambattista [mar-te'-ne], Italian 
 composer, XI. 212. 
 
 Martinian law, X. 702, 1 a. 
 
 Martinico [mar-te-ne'-ko]: see Martinique. 
 Martiniere [mar-te-nyair], college, Lucknow, 
 
 X. 706, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Martinique [mar-te-neek'], island, West In¬ 
 dies, XI. 212. History, 213, 1 c. Abolition 
 of slaverv, ib. 
 
 Martinmas: see Martin, XI. 211, 1 b. 
 Martino, Simone di [mar-te'-no]: see Memmi. 
 Martino'vics [-vitch], abbot, democratic con¬ 
 spiracy of referred to, IX. 777, 1 a, 58, 2 c; 
 II. 207, 2 b. 
 
 Martin process, for making steel, XV. 362, 2 b. 
 Martinsburg, town of W. Virginia, XI. 213. 
 Martinsburg, county seats, II. 559, 2 b; VI. 
 
 545, 1 b; X. 383, 1 b. 
 
 Martin's cement , VIII. 359, 1 b. 
 
 Martinsville, county seats, VIII. 640, 1 c; 
 
 XI. 827, 1 c. 
 
 Martite, iron ore, IX. 407, 1 c. 
 
 Martins, Galeotus, work on Hungary referred 
 to, VII. 320, 1 c. 
 
 Martius, Karl Friedrich Philipp von [mar'- 
 tse-oos], German traveller, XI. 213. 
 
 Martlet, in heraldry, VIII. 673, 2 be. (See 
 plate.) 
 
 Mar'tos, Ivan Petrovitch, Russian sculptor, 
 XI. 213. 
 
 Martyn, Henry, English missionary, XI. 213. 
 Martynia, genus of plants, XI. 214 (ill.). M. 
 
 fragrans, 1 c. M. proboscidea, ib. 
 
 Martyr, sufferer for a noble cause, XI. 214. 
 Christian martyrs, 2 a. Martyrologies, 2 ab: 
 
496 
 
 MARTYR 
 
 MASCARENHAS 
 
 Roman, 2 b. Hatalitia martyrum, ib. Ro¬ 
 man catacombs, 2 be. Canonization, 2 c. 
 Eox’s “Book of Martyrs,” 215, 1 a. 
 
 Mart ye, Peter: see Anghiera, and Veemigli. 
 Martyrology : see Acta Sanctorum, Bcl¬ 
 ean d, and Martyr. 
 
 Maruta (botany), XI. 305, 1 c. M. cotula, 
 
 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Maruts [ma-roots'], in Hindoo theology, IX. 
 224, 1 b. 
 
 Marvell, Andrew, English author, XI. 215. 
 Marvell , Andrew , pseudonyme, XI. 525, 1 c. 
 Marvel of Peru, plant, XI. 215 (ill., 216). 
 Marver , in glass making, III. 144, 2 be (ill.); 
 VIII. 15, 2 a. 
 
 Marvin's lock, X. 565, 2 ab. 
 
 Marwar' : see Joodpoor. 
 
 Marx, Adolph Bernhard, German composer, 
 XI. 216. 
 
 Marx, Karl, socialist, XI. 216 ; IX. 321, 2 b. 
 Mary, the mother of Jesus, XI. 216. Ancestry 
 of, 2 c. Her story in the Gospels, ib ., ff.; 
 in tradition and legends, 217, 1 c. Her 
 worship in the Roman Catholic church, 2 a. 
 Controversies respecting her position, 2 b ; 
 her perpetual virginity, 2 be. Her festivals, 
 
 2 c; devotions in her honor, 218, 1 a. Mi¬ 
 raculous cures by her intercession, 1 b. Her 
 images, ib. Tomb of, IX. 618, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Mary I., queen of England and Ireland, XI. 
 218. Her marriage with Philip of Spain, 
 219,1 c. Persecutions, ib. War with France 
 and Scotland, 2 a. Recognition of Elizabeth 
 as her successor, 2 b. 
 
 Mary II., queen of Great Britain and Ireland, 
 XI. 219. Marriage with William of Orange, 
 2 c. Yields to him her prospective regal 
 power, 220, 1 a; sides with him against her 
 father, ib. Receives with him the crown of 
 England, 1 b. Makes Greenwich palace a 
 naval hospital, 1 c. 
 
 Mary , queen of Scots : see Mary Stuart. 
 Maryland, state, XI. 220. State seal (ill.). 
 Population, 2 c. Topography, 221, 2 a. 
 Hydrography, 2 b. Geology and minerals, 
 222, 1 a. Climate, 2 c. Soil and produc¬ 
 tions, 223, 1 b. Agriculture, 1 c. Manu¬ 
 factures, 2 ab. Commerce, 224, 1 a. In¬ 
 tercommunication, 2 b. Banks, &c., 225, 
 1 ab. Government, 1 b. Finances, 226, 
 1 c. Public institutions, 227, 1 a. Educa¬ 
 tion, 2 b. Libraries, &c., 229, 1 c. Reli¬ 
 gious organizations, 2 a. History, 2 b. 
 Settlement : see Calvert, Leonard, III. 
 
 630. Religious constitution of the state, 
 2 be. Origin of the name, XYI. 151, 2 b. 
 
 “ Maryland line in the revolutionary war, 
 XI. 231, 1 b. 
 
 Maryland-in-Liberia, colony, III. 750, 2 a. 
 Maryland, state of Liberia, ib .; X. 397,1 ab 
 (county). 
 
 Marylebone, London, X. 592, 1 a. Club, Y. 
 482, 2 c. 
 
 Mary of Burgundy : see Maximilian I. 
 
 Mary of the Incarnation, XI. 231. 
 
 Mary Magdale'ne [or mag'-da-len], XI. 231. 
 
 Mary Stuart, queen of Scots, XI. 232. 
 Crowned, 1 c. Residence in France, 2 ab. 
 Marriage with the dauphin, and its political 
 conditions, 2 be. Claim to the English 
 crown, 233, 1 a. Return to Scotland, and 
 embarrassments of her position, 1 b, c. Mar¬ 
 riage with Darnley, 2 c. Attempts the sup¬ 
 pression of Protestantism, ib .; in league with 
 the Catholic sovereigns of the continent, 234, 
 1 ab. Darnley’s conspiracy, 1 b. Murder 
 of Rizzio, ib. Her connection with Both- 
 well, 1 c. Murder of Darnley, 2 ab. Mock 
 trial of Bothwell, 2 b; his marriage with the 
 queen, and flight, ib. Abdication of Mary, 
 and her flight to England, 235, 1 a. Bab- 
 ington’s conspiracy, 2 a. Trial and execu¬ 
 tion of Mary, 2 b, c. Bibliography, 236, 
 1 b. See Chastelard. 
 
 Maryna [ma-re'-na], wife of Czar Demetrius, 
 Y. 789, 2 c; 790, 1 b, c. 
 
 Marysville, city of California, XI. 236. 
 
 Marysville, county seats, III. 385, 2 a; IY. 
 320, 1 c; XI. 199, 1 b; XYI. 112, 2 a. 
 
 Maryville, town of Tennessee, XI. 236. 
 
 Maryville, county seat, XII. 472, 2 b. 
 
 Masaccio [ma-zat'-cho], Florentine painter, 
 XI. 237. 
 
 Mas a Fueea [mas a fwa'-ra]: see Chili, and 
 Juan Fernandez. 
 
 Masaniello [ma-za-nyel'-lo], popular Italian 
 leader, XI. 237. 
 
 Masaoud III. [ma-sowd'], sultan, IX. 207, 2 a. 
 
 Mas a Tierra [mas a te-air'-ra]: see Juan 
 Fernandez. 
 
 Masaya [ma-sa'-ya], city of Nicaragua, XI. 237. 
 
 Mascagni, Paolo [mas-ka'-nye], Italian anato¬ 
 mist, XI. 237. 
 
 Mascle, in heraldry, YIII. 672, 2 c. (See plate.) 
 
 Mascara [mas-ka-ra], town of Algeria, XI. 238. 
 
 Mascaeene' Isles, Indian ocean, XI. 238. 
 
 MascarenJias [mas-ka-ra'-nyass], Portuguese 
 navigator, XI. 238, 1 a; XIY. 281, 2 a. 
 
MASCARET 
 
 MASTER 
 
 497 
 
 Mascaret [mas-ka-ra], destructive inland billow, 
 YIE 3G7, 2 be. 
 
 Mciscat: see Muscat. 
 
 Mascoutins [mas-koo-teens'], Algonquin tribe, 
 XI. 238. 
 
 Mas^res, Francis [ma-zair'j, English mathema¬ 
 tician, XI. 238. 
 
 Mash'am, Abigail, lady, XI. 238; I. 531, 2 b. 
 
 Mash tun , of a brewery, III. 259, 1 a. 
 
 Masinissa, Numidian king, XI. 238. 
 
 Mask, Iron : see Iron Mask. 
 
 Maskell, William, English clergyman, XI. 239. 
 
 Maskelyne, Nevil, English astronomer, XI. 
 239. Experiments for determining the 
 earth’s density, YI. 356, 2 c. 
 
 Maskinonge [mas-ke-no ng -zha], county, XI. 239. 
 
 Maskinonge , or muscalonge, fish, XIII. 510,1 b. 
 
 Maskoutens , Indian tribe, IX. 824, 1 b. 
 
 Maslin , mixture of wheat and rye, XIY. 504,1 c. 
 
 Mason, name of six counties, XI. 239. 
 
 Mason , county seats, IX. 280,1 be; XI. 239, 2 c. 
 
 Mason, Virginian family, XI. 240. George, 
 colonel, founder of the family, 1 b. George, 
 statesman, 1 c. Thomson, patriot and jurist, 
 2 ab. Stevens Thomson, U. S. senator, 2 b. 
 Armistead Thomson, senator, 2 c. Richard 
 B., colonel, 241, 1 a. James Murray, sena¬ 
 tor, ib. Stevens Thomson, governor of Mich¬ 
 igan, 1 b. John Y., statesman, 1 c. 
 
 Mason, Francis, American missionary, XI. 241. 
 
 Mason, Jeremiah, American lawyer, XI. 241. 
 
 Mason, John, colonial military officer, XI. 242. 
 
 Mason , John , associate of Sir Ferdinando 
 Gorges, VIII. 113, 2 b; XVI. 151, 1 ab. 
 
 Mason, John Mitchell, American clergyman, 
 XI. 242. Erskine, clergyman, 243, 1 a. 
 
 Mason, Lowell, composer, XI. 243. 
 
 Mason, William, English poet, XI. 243. See 
 Gray, Thomas. 
 
 Mason bees , II. 458, 1 c. 
 
 Mason City , county seat, IV. 212, 1 b. 
 
 Mason and Dixon’s Line, XI. 243. Measure¬ 
 ment of, XIV. 347, 2 c. 
 
 Mason and SUdell , confederate emissaries: see 
 Law of Nations, X. 227, 2 c. 
 
 Masonry , speculative and operative distin¬ 
 guished, VII. 471, 1 c. 
 
 Mas'ora : see Bible, II. 610,1 c; Ezra, VII. 49, 
 
 1 c. 
 
 Masoret'ic text , of the Hebrew Scriptures, II. 
 610, 1 be, 2 ab. 
 
 Maso'via, Polish territory, XI. 243. 
 
 Masque, dramatic entertainment, XI. 243. 
 
 Mass, in the Roman Catholic church, XI. 244; 
 
 32 
 
 X. 638, 1 ab. Mass book, 535, 1 b. Mas9 
 of the presanctified, VIII. 776, 2 b. 
 
 Massa, town of Italy, XI. 245. 
 
 Massa e Carrara, province of Italy, XI. 245. 
 Mas'sac, county, XI. 245. 
 
 Massachusetten'sis , nom de plume, I. 86, 1 b. 
 Massachusetts, state, XI. 245. State seal (ill.), 
 246. Population, 1 a. Physical features, 
 2 be. Geology and minerals, 247,1 b. Soil 
 and climate, 2 b. Agriculture, 2 c. Manu¬ 
 factures, 248, 1 ab. Commerce, 249, 2 c. 
 Intercommunication, 250, 2 b. Banks, &c., 
 251, 2 c. Government, 252,1 a. Finances, 
 2 b. Public institutions, 253, 1 b. Educa¬ 
 tion, 254, 2 c. Libraries, &c., 257, 1 b. 
 Religious organizations, 2 a. History, 2 b. 
 Bay colony founded, XIV. 562, 2 c; XVI. 
 151, 1 a. 
 
 Massachusetts emigrant aid company, IX. 753, 
 
 1 c. 
 
 Massachusetts Indians, XI. 260. 
 
 Massage't^e, ancient nomad people, XI. 260; 
 IX. 821, 1 b. 
 
 Massaruni [-roo'-ne], river of Guiana, XI. 260. 
 Mas'sasoit, Indian sachem, XI. 261. 
 
 Masse, Gabriel [mas-sa], French jurist, XI. 261. 
 Masse'na, town of New York, XI. 261. 
 Massena, Andr6 [mas-sa-na], French marshal, 
 
 XI. 261. 
 
 Massey, Gerald, English poet, XI. 262. 
 Massey's indicator , for soundings, II. 69, 2 c. 
 Massicot: see Lead, X. 245, 1 b. 
 
 Massilia : see Marseilles. 
 
 Mas'sillon, city of Ohio, XI. 263. 
 
 Massillon, Jean Baptiste [mas-se-yo ng ], French 
 prelate, XI. 263. 
 
 Massingberd, Francis Charles, English clergy¬ 
 man, XI. 263. 
 
 Massinger, Philip, dramatist, XI. 263. 
 Massinissa : see Masinissa. 
 
 Masson, David, Scottish author, XI. 264. 
 Massowah, town of Egypt, XI. 264. 
 
 Mast: see Ship, XIV. 855, 1 c; 864, 2 a. 
 
 Mast (acoms), XII. 551, 2 ab. 
 
 Mastaba: see Pyramid, XIV. 104, 2 b (ill.). 
 Mastai-Ferretti, Giovanni Maria [mas-tl'-fair- 
 ret'-te], (Pope Pius IX.), XIII. 560, 2 c. 
 Master and Servant, XI. 264. Stewards, 
 factors, and bailiff’s as temporary servants, 
 
 2 b. Liability of the master for injury done 
 by the servant, 2 c. In the case of carriers 
 of passengers, 265,1 a. Servants for whose 
 acts the employer is not liable, 1 b. The 
 master’s rights, 1 c. Liability of a corpora- 
 
498 
 
 MASTER 
 
 MATTHIAS 
 
 tion for acts under direction of its executive 
 officer, ib. 
 
 Master Singers, XI. 265; VII. 764, 2 c. 
 
 Master of sentences (Peter Lombard), X. 587, 2 b. 
 
 Master of the buckhounds, VII. 75, 2 b. 
 
 Master of a vessel: see Shipping, XIV. 870, 2 a. 
 
 Master of the stone , in Athens, VI. 385, 2 be. 
 
 Mastic, plant, XI. 265 (ill.). 
 
 Masticating machine , for gutta perclia, VIII. 
 344, 1 ab. 
 
 Mastic 1 ophis, genus of snakes, IV. 724, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Mastiff, variety of dog, XI. 266 (ill.). 
 
 Mastodon, extinct mammal, XI. 266. M. gi- 
 ganteus (Ohioticus), 267,1 a (ill., 266). Other 
 species, 268, 2 c. Skeleton (ill.), 267. Tooth 
 (ill.), 268. 
 
 Mastodonsaurus : see Labyrinthodon. 
 
 Masudi, Abul-Hasan Ali ben Husein ben Ali 
 [ma-soo'-de], Arabian scholar, XI. 269. 
 
 Masulahs , Madras boats, X. 832, 2 a. 
 
 Masulipatam', town of India, XI. 270. 
 
 Mat, XI. 270. Bast mats, 2 a; X. 502, 2 a. 
 
 Matador': see Bull Fight, III. 426, 1 b. 
 
 Matagorda, county, XI. 270. 
 
 Matagorda , county seat, XI. 270, 2 b. 
 
 Matamata , species of tortoise, XV. 810, 2 b. 
 
 Matamoros [ma-ta-mo'-roce], city of Mexico, 
 XI. 270. Cathedral (ill.). 
 
 Matamoros, Mariano, Mexican patriot, XI. 271. 
 
 Matanzas [ma-tan'-sass], seaport of Cuba, XI. 
 271 (view). 
 
 Matapan', Cape: see Cape Matapan. 
 
 Matara [ma-ta'-ra]: see Muscat, XII. 65, 2 c. 
 
 Mdtari$van [ma'-ta-ris-van], in Hindoo mythol¬ 
 ogy, IX. 224, 1 c. 
 
 Matariyeh [ma-ta-re'-yffii], (Heliopolis), VIII. 
 619, 1 c. 
 
 Mataro [ma-ta-ro'], city of Spain, XI. 272. 
 
 Match, for producing fire, XI. 272. Material 
 of, 1 be. Manufacture, 2 b. Disease caused 
 by it, 273, 1 a. 
 
 Matchlock , first use of in battle, I. 735, 1 c; 
 745, 2 a. 
 
 Mat£ [ma-ta'], or Paraguay Tea, XI. 273 (ill.). 
 
 Mater a [ma-ta'-ra], town of Italy, XI. 274. 
 
 Materia Medica : see Medicine. Improved 
 nomenclature, author of, II. 631, 1 b. 
 
 Mathematical school , in medicine, XI. 350, 2 b. 
 
 Mathematics, XI. 274. Pure, 2 a;, mixed, 
 275, 2 a. Illustrations of pure mathematics, 
 2 b. History, 276, 1 b. 
 
 Mather, Richard [ma£A'-er], English clergy¬ 
 man, XI. 277. Increase, American clergy¬ 
 man, 2 a. Cotton, 278,1 a; XVI. 189, 1 c. 
 
 Mathew, Theobald (Father Mathew), XI. 278. 
 Mathews, Charles, English actor, XI. 279. 
 Charles (2d), 2 a. 
 
 Mathews, Cornelius, American author, XI. 279. 
 Mathilde, Princess [ma-teeld]: see Bonaparte, 
 III. 29, 2 b. 
 
 Mathi'as, Thomas James, English author, XL 
 279. 
 
 Mathio'la (botany), VII. 811, 1 a. M. annua, 
 1 c. M. incana, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Maths , religious establishments in Bengal, IX. 
 706, 1 a. 
 
 Matilda , daughter of Henry I. of England, VIII. 
 
 642, 1 b, c; XV. 372, 1 a, c. 
 
 Matisco : see Macon. 
 
 Matrass' , chemical vessel, XI. 404, 1 a. 
 Matricaria chamomilla (botany), IV. 245, 1 b. 
 Matrix , for type, XVI. 93, 1 b. 
 
 Matro’na : see Marne, river. 
 
 Matrone’um , in the early church, V. 725, 1 ab. 
 Matsmai : see Matsumae. 
 
 Matsumae [mat-soo-mi'], city of Japan, XI. 280. 
 Matsys, Quintin, Flemish painter, XI. 280. 
 Matt , in copper smelting, V. 325, 2 ab. 
 
 Mattas , a division of Pernambuco, XIII. 307,2 c. 
 Mattathias , founder of the Asmonean family, 
 II. 18, 1 a. 
 
 Matter , germinal: see Protoplasm, XIV. 35, 
 1 c. Formed matter, ib. Existence of mat¬ 
 ter denied, II. 560,1 a. Matter and form, I. 
 706, 2 c. 
 
 Matter, Jacques [ma-tair], French philosopher 
 and historian, XI. 280. 
 
 Matterhorn, Alpine mountain, XI. 280 (ill.). 
 Matteucci, Carlo [mat-ta'-oot-che, or mat- 
 toot'-che], Italian savant, XI. 281. Muscular 
 galvanic currents proved,!. 519, 1 a. Dis¬ 
 covery of induced animal electricity, 520, 
 
 1 b, 2 a. Electrical experiment, VI. 503,1 b. 
 Theory of animal phosphorescence, VIII. 
 40, 2 b. 
 
 Matthew, Saint, apostle, XI. 281. Gospel of, 2 c. 
 Matthew Paris, English historian, XI. 282. 
 Matthews, county, XI. 282. 
 
 Matthews , county seat, XI. 282, 2 a. 
 
 Matthew" 1 s Bible: see Rogers, John, XIV. 387, 
 
 2 c. 
 
 Matthews's apparatus , for mineral water, XI. 
 596, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Matthi'as, religious impostor, XI. 282. 
 Matthias [Ger. mat-te'-as], emperor of Ger¬ 
 many, XI. 282. Governor of the Nether¬ 
 lands, 2 b; IX. 653, 1 c; XVI. 636, 2 a. 
 Matthias I., the Great (Matthias Corvinus), 
 
MATTHIAS 
 
 MAXETIA 
 
 499 
 
 king of Hungary, XI. 283; IX. 57, 1 c. Re¬ 
 ferred to, VII. 320, 1 c. John, XI. 283, 2 a. 
 Matthias, John : see Anabaptists, 1.442, 2 c. 
 Mattiiisson, Friedrich von [mat'-tis-son], Ger¬ 
 man poet, XI. 283. 
 
 Mattioli , Ercole [mat-te-o'-le]: see Ikon Mask, 
 Man in the, IX. 404, 1 c. 
 
 Mattison, Hiram, American clergyman,XI.283. 
 Matto Gkosso, province of Brazil, XI. 284. 
 Mat'urin, Charles Robert, Irish author, XI. 
 
 284. Edward, 2 a. 
 
 Maubeuge [mo-buzh], town of France, XI. 284. 
 Matjoh Chunk [mawk chunk], borough of 
 Pennsylvania, XI. 284 (view) ; III. 770, 2 c. 
 Maudsley, Henry, English physiologist, XI. 
 
 285. His classification of insanity, IX. 302, 
 
 1 c. Comparative frequency in women and 
 men, 299,1 b. Influence of occupations, 2 be. 
 
 Maui [mow'-e], Hawaiian island, XI. 285. 
 Maule [mow'-la], province of Chili, XI. 285. 
 Maulmain [mawl-mine'], port of Tenasserim, 
 XI. 286. 
 
 Maumee' river , Ohio, VI. 713,1 a; XII. 591, lb. 
 Mauna Kea [mow'-na ka'-a], mountain of Ha¬ 
 waii, XI. 286. 
 
 Mauna Lo'a, volcanic mountain of Hawaii, XI. 
 
 286; VIII. 525, 2 c; IX. 830, 2 b. 
 
 Maundy Thursday : see Holy Week. 
 
 Maupas [mo-pa], (Charlemagne Emile de, born 
 1818, minister of police 1852-’3, senator 
 1853-70), III. 50, 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 Maupertuis, Pierre Louis Moreau de [mo-pair- 
 tu-e], French astronomer, XI. 287. 
 
 Maur, Congregation of St.: see Saint-Maur, 
 and II. 520, 1 ab. 
 
 Maurepas, Jean Fr6d6rie Phelypeaux, count 
 [more-pa], French statesman, XI. 287; IV. 
 335, 1 a. 
 
 Maurer, Georg Ludwig von [mow'-rer], Ger¬ 
 man jurist, XI. 287. Konrad, author, 2 b. 
 Mauretania : see Mauritania. 
 
 Maurevel , De [dull more-vSl], assassin of Ad¬ 
 miral Coligni, II. 348, 1 ab; V. 55, 1 b. 
 Maurice [maw'-ris], count of Nassau and prince 
 of Orange, XI. 287; I. 728, 1 c; XII. 247, 
 
 2 c, ff. 
 
 Maurice, duke and elector of Saxony, XI. 288. 
 
 See CnARLES V., IV. 296, 1 b-c. 
 
 Maurice, John Frederick Denison, English 
 clergyman and author, XL 289. Referred 
 to, XIII. 446, 2 c. 
 
 Maurice, Thomas, English clergyman, XI. 289. 
 Maurice or Saxony : see Saxe, and X. 42,1 c ; 
 285, 2 c; II. 116, 1 c. 
 
 Maurice river , New Jersey, XII. 303, 1 b. 
 
 Mauricius, Flavius Tiberius, Byzantine em¬ 
 peror, XI. 289. 
 
 Maurice Flassan [mo-ree(je flas-sa ng ], pseudo- 
 nyme, III. 480, 2 b. 
 
 Mauritania, in ancient geography, XL 290. 
 
 Mauritia (botany), XIII. 19,1 b. M. flexuosa, ib. 
 
 Mauritius [maw-rish'-us], island, Indian ocean, 
 XI. 290 (map). Population, 2 c. Coast, ib. 
 Surface, 291, 1 ab. Climate, 2 a. Produc¬ 
 tions, 2 c. Animals, 292, 1 b. Commerce, 
 1 c. Intercommunication, 2 b. Education, 
 ib. Religion, 2 c. Government, ib. De¬ 
 pendencies, 293, 1 a. History, 1 c. 
 
 Mauritius river (Hudson river), IX. 30, 2 b. 
 
 Maurocordatos : see Mavrocordatos. 
 
 Mau'ry, county, XI. 293. 
 
 Maury, Jean Siffrein [mo-re], French cardinal, 
 
 XI. 293. 
 
 Maury, Louis Ferdinand Alfred, author, XI. 294. 
 
 Maury, Matthew Fontaine, American hydrog- 
 rapher, XI. 294. His explanation of baro¬ 
 metric anomalies, II. 331, 2 a. 
 
 Mauser rifle [mow'-zer], IX. 270, 2 b. 
 
 Mdusethurm [moi'-zeh-toorm], tower in Bingen, 
 II. 644, 2 c. 
 
 Mausole'um : see Halicarnassus, VIII. 393, 
 1 a (ills.) ; I. 773, 2 c. 
 
 “ Mausoleum of hearts speech ,” by Franklin 
 Pierce, XIII. 503, 1 a. 
 
 Mauso'lus , king of Caria, I. 773, 2 b. See 
 Mausoleum (Index). 
 
 Maut [mowt], Egyptian goddess, VI. 464, 1 a; 
 
 XII. 116, 2 a. 
 
 Mauththurm [mowt'-toorm], tower in Bingen, 
 II. 645, 1 a. 
 
 Mauvaises terres [mo-vaiz tair], (bad lands), 
 XI. 622, 2 b; XIV. 381, 1 c. 
 
 Mauve [moav], dyeing material, XI. 295 ; I. 
 509, 2 b. See Mallow, XI. 66, 2 a, b, and 
 VI. 343, 1 a. 
 
 Mav'erick, county, XI. 295. 
 
 Maverick , island, III. 116, 1 be. 
 
 Ma'vis , bird, XV. 728, 2 b. 
 
 Mavrocordatos, Alexander [mav-ro-kor-da/- 
 tos], Greek statesman, XI. 295. 
 
 Mavromichalis , Constantine and George [mav- 
 ro-me-ka'-lis], III. 758, 2 c. 
 
 Mavro- Yuno : see Itymettus. 
 
 Mawmoisine : see Malvoisine. 
 
 Maxcy, Jonathan, clergyman, president of 
 Brown university, XI. 295. 
 
 Max^ntius : see Constantine, V. 271, 1 a-b. 
 
 Maxetia (Macedonia), X. 782, 1 ab. 
 
500 
 
 MAXILLIPEDS 
 
 MAZZIHI 
 
 Maxillipeds, jaw feet of lobster, X. 561, 1 b. 
 Maxima Sequanorum, ancient province of Gaul, 
 VII. 415, 1 a. 
 
 Maximianus I.: see Diocletian, and Con¬ 
 stantine, V. 271, 1 a (Maximian). 
 Maximianus II.: see Galerius. 
 
 Maximilian I., emperor of Germany, XI. 295. 
 
 Monument of, IX. 292, 1 a. 
 
 Maximilian (Ferdinand Maximilian Joseph), 
 archduke of Austria and emperor of Mexico, 
 XI. 296. Empress Charlotte (Carlotta), 2 c. 
 Maximilian Joseph, duke, German author, 
 XI. 297. 
 
 Maximiliana (botany), XIII. 21,1c. M. regia, ib. 
 Maximin, Roman emperor, XI. 297. 
 
 Maximus , Petronius , Roman emperor, XVI. 
 
 245, 1 a; 564, 2 ab; VI. 771, 1 c. 
 
 Maxwell , county seat, IX. 92, 2 c. 
 
 Maxwell, James Clerk, physicist, XI. 297. 
 Maxwell, Sir William Stirling: see Stirling. 
 Maxwelltown , Scotland, VI. 309, 2 c. 
 
 May, month, XI. 298. 
 
 May , plant: see Thorn, XV. 722, 1 c. 
 
 May, Caroline, American authoress, XI. 298. 
 
 Edward H., painter, 1 b. 
 
 May, Samuel Joseph, clergyman, XI. 298. 
 May, Sir Thomas Erskine, author, XI. 298. 
 Mayapan [ma-ya-pan'J: see Mayas, XI. 298,2 b. 
 May apple , XI. 101, 2 be; XIII. 633, 1 c (ill.). 
 Mayas [ma'-yas], Yucatan Indians, XI. 298. 
 
 Maya alphabet, 299, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 May beetle , IV. 787, 1 ab, 2 a. Larva of, how 
 destroyed, VII. 528, 2 b. 
 
 May Bug : see Cockchafer. 
 
 Mayence [ma-ya ng s]: see Mentz. 
 
 Mayenne [ma-yen], department of France, XI. 
 299. River, 300, 1 a. 
 
 Mayer, Alfred Marshall [ml'-er], American 
 physicist, XI. 300. 
 
 Mayer, Brantz, American author, XI. 300. 
 Mayer, Johann Tobias, German mathema¬ 
 tician, XI. 300. 
 
 Mayer, Julius Robert, physicist, XI. 300. His 
 theory of the sun’s heat, VIII. 568, 1 c. 
 Mayer, Karl, pianist and composer, XI. 301. 
 Mayer, Karl Friedrich Hartmann, poet, XI. 
 301. 
 
 Mayfair , London, X. 596, 1 b. 
 
 Mayfield, county seat, VIII. 175, 1 b. 
 
 May fish , or t waite shad, XIV. 807, 2 c. 
 Mayflower , plant, I. 640, 1 a. 
 
 Mayflower, the , vessel, XVI. 150,2 c. See Cape 
 Cod, III. 742, 2 a. The famous compact on 
 board the vessel, ib. 
 
 Mayfly, XI. 301. Genus phryganea, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Ephemera, 302, 1 c (ill.): see Ephemera. 
 Mayhew, Henry [ma'-yu], English author, XI. 
 
 302. Works by the ‘‘Brothers Mayhew,” 
 2 c. Edward, 303, 1 a. Thomas, ib. Hor¬ 
 ace, 1 b. Augustus, ib. 
 
 Mayhew, Jonathan, American clergyman, XI. 
 
 303. 
 
 Mayhew , Thomas , missionary to the Indians, 
 XI. 640, 2 a; 206, 1 a. 
 
 Maynardmlle , county seat, XVI. 112, 1 be. 
 Maynooth, town of Ireland, XI. 303. May- 
 nootli college (St. Patrick’s college), 1 c (ill.). 
 Mayo [ma'-o], county of Ireland, XI. 304. 
 Mayo, Amory Dwight, American clergyman, 
 XI. 304. Sarah C., authoress, 2 a. 
 
 Mayo, Richard Southwell Bourke, earl of, 
 statesman, XI. 304; I. 162, 2 b; 471, 1 a. 
 Mayo, William Starbuck, American author, 
 XI. 304. 
 
 Mayor, municipal officer, XI. 304. 
 
 Mayor of the Palace, XI. 305 ; VII. 379,1 c. 
 Maypop , plant, VIII. 149, 1 c; XIII. 151, 1 a. 
 Maypures : see Maipures. 
 
 May's Landing , county seat, II. 68, 2 c. 
 Maysville, city of Kentucky, XI. 305. 
 Maysville , county seat, V. 766, 1 b. 
 
 May tree , XV. 722, 1 c. 
 
 Mayville , county seat, IV. 346, 1 c. 
 
 Mayweed, plant, XI. 305 (ill.). 
 
 Maz'aca : see Caesarea (II.), and IX. 733, 1 c. 
 Mazanderan' , division of Persia, XIII. 314, 2 a 
 (see map); I. 6, 2 a. 
 
 Mazakin, Jules, cardinal [ma-za-ra ng ], French 
 statesman, XI. 305. 
 
 Mazarin , Duchess of: see Mancini, Hortense, 
 XI. 96, 1 c. 
 
 Mazarin Bible , sale of, II. 622, 2 a. Referred 
 to, III. 299, 1 a. 
 
 Mazatlan [ma-sa-tlan'J, city of Mexico, XI. 
 306 (view). 
 
 Mazdak , Persian sectary, IV. 519, 1 b. 
 
 Mazeas , adobe [ma-za-a], (Guillaume, 1712—’76, 
 canon of Vannes), electrical experiments by, 
 X. 464, 2 b. 
 
 Mazeppa, Jan, hetman of the Cossacks, XL 
 307; IV. 305, 2 a, ff. 
 
 Mazers, “ indulgenced ” cups, XI. 156, 1 ab. 
 Mazovia: see Masovia. 
 
 Mazzara, Count [mat-sa'-ra], II. 240, 1 a. 
 Mazzikim, of the Jews, VII. 63, 1 c. 
 
 Mazzini, Giuseppe [mat-se'-ne], Italian revolu¬ 
 tionist, XI. 307. League of Young Italy, 2 b. 
 Young Europe, &c., 308,1 b. International 
 
MAZZOLINI 
 
 MEDEOLA 
 
 501 
 
 league of peoples,2 b. Dagger insurrection in 
 Milan, 309, 1 ab. Efforts to unify Italy, 1 c. 
 
 Mazzolini, Lodovico [mat-so-le'-ne], painter, 
 XI. 309. 
 
 Mazzuciielli, Giovanni Maria [mat-soo-kel'-le], 
 jurist, XI. 309. 
 
 Mazzuola, Francesco: see Parmigiano. 
 
 Mead, Larkin Goldsmith, American sculptor, 
 XI. 309. 
 
 Mead, Richard, English physician, XI. 309. 
 
 Meade, county, XI. 310. 
 
 Meade , George Gordon , general, XI. 310, 2 c. 
 
 Meade , Joseph : see Mede. 
 
 Meade, Richard Kidder, American soldier, XI. 
 310. William, bishop, 1 be. 
 
 Meade, Richard Worsam, merchant, XI. 310. 
 Meade claim, 2 b. George Gordon, general, 2 c. 
 
 Meadow beauty , flowering plant, Y. 762, 1 a. 
 
 Meadow foxtail , grass, VIII. 168, 1 c. 
 
 Meadow grasses , VIII. 167, 2 ab. 
 
 Meadow Lark, XI. 311 (ill.). 
 
 Meadow Mouse, XI. 311. Common American, 
 2 c; campagnol, 312,1 a (ill.); economic, ib. 
 
 Meadow ore : see Bog Ore. 
 
 Meadow Saffron : see Colchicum. 
 
 Meadow sweet , plant, XV. 274, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Meadows , the , near Edinburgh, VI. 405, 1 c. 
 
 Meadville, city of Pennsylvania, XI. 312. 
 
 Meadville , county seat, VII. 433, 2 c. 
 
 Meagher [me'-gher], county, XI. 312. 
 
 Meagher, Thomas Francis [ma'-her], Irish rev¬ 
 olutionist, and American officer, XI. 312. 
 
 Meal Worm, XI. 313 (ill.); II. 477, 2 a. 
 
 Mealy Bug, XI. 313 ; VIII. 630, 1 c. 
 
 Mealy canary , III. 692, 1 c. 
 
 Meandrina [me-an-drl'-na]: see Coral, V. 
 340, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Mean solar time , V. 722, 1 c. 
 
 Mean synodical period , IX. 719, 1 be. 
 
 Mearim [ma-a-ree ng/ ], river of Brazil, XI. 313. 
 
 Mearns, The [mairns]: see Kincardineshire. 
 
 Measles, XI. 313. In swine, VI. 665, 1 c; 
 how produced, 2 c. 
 
 Measure , natural unit of, XVI. 537, 2 b. Sug¬ 
 gestion of Soleil, II. 588, 2 a. 
 
 Measures: see Weights and Measures. 
 
 Meat fever , VI. 101, 1 be. 
 
 Meath, county of Ireland, XI. 314. 
 
 Meaux [mo], town of France, XI. 314. Bish¬ 
 op of, 1 be; III. 115, 1 b. 
 
 Mecanique celeste [ma-ka-neek sa-lest]: see La¬ 
 place, X. 163, 1 a; BowDiTcn, III. 163, 
 2 b. 
 
 Mecca, holy city of Arabia, XI. 314. Great 
 
 mosque, 2 a (ill.). Caaba, 2 c. Climate of, 
 I. 619, 2 a. Little Mecca, III. 150, 1 b. 
 
 Mecca balsam , II. 250, 1 c. 
 
 MkcnAiN, Pierre Francois Andr6 [ma-sha ng ], 
 French astronomer, XL 315. 
 
 Mechanical forces of nature , neglect of by the 
 ancients, I. 201, 2 c; 202, 1 a. 
 
 Mechanical paradox, VIII. 359, 2 ab. 
 
 Mechanics, XI. 315 (ills.). In ancient times, 
 316, 1 a; in modern, 317, 1 a. Laws of 
 motion, 318, 1 a. Momentum and impact, 
 1 c. Uniformly accelerated rectilinear mo¬ 
 tion, laws of falling bodies, 319, 1 c. Com¬ 
 position and resolution of forces, 321, 1 be. 
 Centre of gravity, 322, 1 be. Centrifugal 
 force, 323,1 be; centripetal, 2 a. The pen¬ 
 dulum, 324, 2 a. Mechanical powers, 326, 
 1 ab. Theory of machines, ib. ; the lever, 
 1 c ; wheel and axle, 327, 1 b; pulley, 2 c; 
 inclined plane, 328, 2 a; wedge, 2 c; screw, 
 
 329, 1 a; toggle joint, 1 c. 
 
 Mechoinicsburg , county seat, II. 694, 2 c. 
 
 Mecheln, Israel von [ma'- k heln], German en¬ 
 graver and painter, XI. 330. 
 
 MEcnERiNO [ma-ka-re'-no] : see Beccafumi. 
 
 Mechi, John Joseph [mek'-e], English agricul¬ 
 turist, XI. 330. 
 
 MEcniTAR: see Mekhitar. 
 
 Mechlin [mek'-lin], city of Belgium, XI. 
 
 330. 
 
 Meciioacan : see MicnoACAN. 
 
 Meckenen , Israel von : see Mecheln. 
 
 Meck'lenburg, county of Virginia, XI. 330. 
 Of Xorth Carolina, 2 c; declaration of in¬ 
 dependence, 331, 1 a, IV. 320, 2 ab. 
 
 Mecklenburg [mek'-len-boorg], territory of 
 Germany, XI. 331. Mecklenburg-Scliwerin, 
 grand duchy, 1 b. Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 2 a. 
 
 Meco'nia: see Opium, XII. 650, 1 b. 
 
 Mecon'ic acid , XII. 649, 1 b. 
 
 Meconium , extract of poppy, XII. 647, 1 a. 
 
 Mecosta, county, XI. 331. 
 
 Medal , medallet , medallion , defined, XII. 535, 
 1 c. 
 
 Medallion ruling machine , for bank-note en¬ 
 graving, VI. 655, 2 a. 
 
 Medals : see Numismatics, XII. 537, 1 c. 
 
 Medard , St. [ma-dar], (Medardus, about 456- 
 545, bishop of Noyon and Tournay), festival 
 of roses instituted by, XII. 529, 1 c. Abbey 
 of (over his tomb), XV. 154, 1 b. 
 
 Mede, Joseph, English theologian, XI. 331. 
 
 Mede'a, mythical princess, XI. 332. 
 
 Mede'ola Virgin'ica (botany), IX. 243, 1 c. 
 
502 
 
 MEDES 
 
 MEDULLARY 
 
 Medes, the: see Media, and Iranic Races, &c., 
 IX. 346, 1 c. 
 
 Medford, town of Massachusetts, XI. 332. 
 
 Medhurst, Walter Henry, English missionary, 
 XI. 332. 
 
 Me'dia, ancient country of Asia, XI. 332. 
 
 Media, county seat, Y. 775, 1 c. 
 
 Medice'val architecture , revival of in England, 
 I. 666, 1 b. 
 
 Median operation , for the stone, XY. 398, 2 c. 
 
 Mediate auscultation , X. 92, 1 c. 
 
 Mediation, act of, XY. 531, 1 b. 
 
 Medica'go (botany), X. 702, 2 ab. M. sativa, 
 ib. (ill.). M. Ippulina, 703, 2 a. M. denti- 
 culata, ib. 
 
 Medical Electricity, XI. 333. Its four peri¬ 
 ods, 2 be. In ancient times, 2 c. Modern 
 use of, ib. Galvanism, 334, 1 b. Inductive 
 electricity, 2 a. Modes of applying it, 2 be; 
 galvano-causty, 2 c; galvanization, 335, 1 a; 
 faradization, ib. ; electrolysis, ib. Effects 
 on various parts of the body, 1 b. 
 
 Medical Jurisprudence, XI. 336. Treatises 
 upon, 1 b. Reproduction of the species, 
 337, 2 a. Death by violence, 339, 1 c; from 
 starvation, 340, 1 b; by asphyxia, 1 be; by 
 strangulation, 2 a; by suffocation, 341, 1 a; 
 by drowning, 1 b; by poisons, 2 a. 
 
 Medice'an chapel, in Florence, YII. 275, 2 c. 
 
 Medicean Virgil, XI. 132, 2 b. 
 
 Medici [ma'-de-che], Florentine family, XI. 
 
 342. Cosmo I., the Elder, 2 c. Pietro I., 
 
 343, 1 b. Lorenzo the Magnificent, 1 c. 
 Pietro II., 344, 2 a. Giuliano, 2 b. Ippo- 
 lito, 2 c. Lorenzo II., ib. Alessandro, 345, 
 1 a. Cosmo the Great, 1 b. Patronage of 
 literature by, IX. 460, 1 c. 
 
 Medici, Catharine de’: see Catharine de’ 
 Medici. 
 
 Medici, Fernando de\ cardinal: see Capello, 
 Bianca, III. 749, 2 ab. 
 
 Medici, Gianangelo de ’ (Pope Pius IY.), XIII. 
 558, 2 a. 
 
 Medici, Giovanni de ’ (Leo X.), X. 346, 2 c. 
 
 Medici, Giulio de ’ (Clement YII.), IY. 662, 2 a. 
 
 Medici, Maria de’: see Maria de’ Medici. 
 
 Medicine, XI. 345. In Greece, 1 c; in Alex¬ 
 andria, 346,1 c; in Rome, 347,1 a. Influence 
 of Christianity on, 348,1 a ; of the Arabians, 
 1 b. In the middle ages, 1 c. Human dis¬ 
 sections, 2 c. In modern times, 349, 1 ab; 
 improvements in surgery, 1 be; advance in 
 anatomy, 2 b; enlargement of the materia 
 medica, 350,1 a. Influence of chemistry on 
 
 medical science, 1 c. Iatro-mathematical 
 school, 2 a. Metaphysical system of Stahl, 
 351, 1 a. Advance in the 18th and 19th 
 centuries, 1 be.—Eclectic medicine, 352,1 a. 
 Legal or forensic medicine: see Medical 
 Jurisprudence. 
 
 Medicine Bow mountains , XYI. 749, 2 b. 
 Medill', Joseph, American journalist, XI. 352. 
 Medi'na, two counties, XI. 352. 
 
 Medina , county seat, XI. 352, 2 b. 
 
 Medina, city of Arabia, XI. 352 (view, 353). 
 Climate of, I. 619, 2 a. 
 
 Medina [ma-de'-na], old name of Citta Yecchia, 
 IY. 616, 1 ab. 
 
 Medina Sidonia, town of Spain, XI. 353. 
 Medina Sidonia, dulce of: see Armada, Span¬ 
 ish, I. 719, 2 a. 
 
 Medinet-Abu [ma-de'-net-a-boo'], village of 
 Egypt, XY. 687, 2 c; 688, 1 b. 
 
 Medinet el-Fciyoom [-fi-oom'J, town of Egypt, 
 YII. 102, 2 c. 
 
 Medinet en-JSfebi [-na'-be]: see Medina, Arabia. 
 Mediola'num (Evreux), YII. 17, 2 c. 
 Mediolanum: see Milan, XI. 533, 1 a. 
 Mediomat'rici: see Metz, XI. 462, 1 c. 
 Mediterranean Sea, XI. 353. Coasts, 2 b. 
 Its two basins, ib. ; their subdivisions, 2 c. 
 Islands, 354, 1 a. Affluents, 1 b. Color of 
 the water, ib. Depth in different parts, 1 c. 
 Tidal motion, 2 a. Local currents, 2 b. 
 Prevailing winds, 2 c. Electrical phenom¬ 
 ena, 355, 1 a. Fauna, 1 c. Temperature 
 and constitution of the water, 1 a (see Car¬ 
 penter, IY. 19, 2 ab). Saltness and spe¬ 
 cific gravity, 354, 2 c; XII. 572, 1 b. 
 Mediterraneans: see Ethnology, YI. 759, 1 b. 
 Medium: see Spiritualism, XY. 275, 2 b. 
 Medjidie [med-je'-de-a], gold coin, XIII. 494,1 b. 
 Medjidieh, town of European Turkey, XI. 355. 
 Medlar, tree, XI. 355 (ill., 356). European, 
 2 c. Japan, 356, 1 a. 
 
 Medo'acus Major, river : see Brenta. 
 
 Medoc [ma-duk]: see France, Wines of, YII. 
 410, 2 a, ff. 
 
 Medon, first Athenian archon, I. 666, 2 b; II. 
 54, 2 c. 
 
 Medreses [med-res'-es], Mohammedan colleges, 
 
 IX. 822, la; X. 40, 1 c. 
 
 MeduVla : see Marrow. Medulla of bone re¬ 
 ferred to, III. 58, 2 b, c. Medulla oblongata, 
 III. 186, 1 b, 2 ab; 189, 1 c. 
 
 Med'ullary layer, of the brain, III. 186, 2 c; 
 
 X. 409, 1 a; XII. 232, 1 be. 
 
 Medullary rays, of exogens, YII. 30, 2 ab. 
 
MEDUSA 
 
 MELAZZO 
 
 503 
 
 Medu'sa, in mythology: see Gorgons. 
 
 Medusa, in zoology: see Jelly Fisrr. Struc¬ 
 ture of, IX. 96, 2 be. 
 
 Medusa's head , star fish, XII. 644, 1 b. 
 
 Medway, river of England, XI. 356. 
 
 Meek, Alexander Beaufort, American author, 
 XI. 356. 
 
 Meeka, Bible translator in Amharic, I. 49, 1 c. 
 
 Meeker, county, XI. 356. 
 
 Meel [mail]: see Miel. 
 
 Meerane [ma'-ra-neh], Saxony, XI. 356. 
 
 Meer Jaffier: see Clive, IV. 694, 1 a, 2 a, b. 
 
 Meer'schaum [Ger. mair'-showm], mineral, XI. 
 356. Pipes of, 357, 1 a. Massa bowls, 1 b. 
 
 Mee'rut, district of India, XI. 357. City, 1 c. 
 
 Megaceros Miber'nicus [meg-as'-e-ros], fossil 
 elk, VI. 541, 1 a. 
 
 Megachile centuncula'ris [meg-a-ki'-le], (ento¬ 
 mology), II. 459, 1 be (ill.). 
 
 Megacles [meg'-a-kleez], archon of Athens, I. 
 263, 2 c; II. 55, 1 a. 
 
 Megce'ra: see Eumenides. 
 
 Megalich’thys , fossil fish, VII. 616, 1 c. 
 
 Megalocas’ tron (Candia), III. 697, 2 a. 
 
 Megaloch'elys Indica (zoology), XV. 813, 1 b. 
 
 Megalo'nyx, extinct animal, XI. 357. 
 
 Megalopolis, ancient city of Greece, XI. 358. 
 
 Megalosau'rus, fossil reptile, XI. 358 (ill.); 
 749, 1 be. 
 
 Megalo'tis (zoology), VII. 130, 2 c. M. Bru- 
 cei, 131, 1 a (ill.). M. Lalandii, 1 b. 
 
 Megantic, county, XI. 359. 
 
 Megapodius tumulus (ornithology), III. 367,2 a. 
 
 Meg'ara, ancient city of Greece, XI. 359. 
 
 Mega'ric school , referred to, XIII. 437, 2 c. 
 
 Meg'aris, district of ancient Greece, XI. 359. 
 
 Megasthenes [meg'-a-stheens], division of 
 mammals, XI. 359. 
 
 Megathe'rium, extinct animal, XI. 359 (ills.). 
 
 Mege-Mouriez [maizh-moo-re-a], French chem¬ 
 ist, XII. 614, 2 b. 
 
 Megerle, Ulrich von [ma'-gher-leh]: see Abra¬ 
 ham a Sancta Clara. 
 
 Meggot: see Elwes, John. 
 
 Megiddo [me-ghid'-do], battle of, IX. 690, 1 be. 
 
 Mego [ma'-go], shark, VII. 110, 2 a. 
 
 Meiiadia [ma-ha'-de-a], Hungary, XI. 361. 
 
 Meiiemet Ali [ma'-hem-et a'-le], pasha of 
 Egypt, XI. 361; VII. 116, 2 a. 
 
 Mehemet Ali, mosque of, III. 553, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Mehemet Murad , 1.16, 2 a. (Sultan as Murad or 
 AmurathV M May30-Aug.31,1876; deposed.) 
 
 Mehul, Etienne Henri [ma-til], French com¬ 
 poser, XL 362. 
 
 Meiggs, Henry [megz], American merchant, 
 XI. 362. (Died 1877.) 
 
 Meigs, two counties, XI. 363. 
 
 Meigs, James Atkins, physician, XI. 363. 
 Meigs, Beturn Jonathan, soldier, XI. 363. 
 Meinder [main'-der], river: see Meander. 
 Meiners, Christoph [mi'-nerce], German his¬ 
 torian, XI. 363. 
 
 Meiningen [ml'-ning-en], Germany, XI. 363. 
 Meissen [mi'-sen], Saxony, XI. 363. 
 
 Meissner, Alfred [mice'-ner], German poet, 
 XI. 363. 
 
 Meissonier, Jean Louis Ernest [ma-suh-nya], 
 French painter, XI. 364. Jean Charles, 1 b. 
 Meistersdnger [mice'-ter-seng-er]: see Master 
 Singers. 
 
 Mejerda [med-j&r'-da], river of Africa, XI. 364. 
 Mejia, Tomas [ma- k he'-a], Mexican soldier, 
 
 XI. 364. 
 
 Mejico [ma/- k he-ko]: see Mexico. 
 
 Mejillones [ma- k he-lyo'-nace], town and bay of 
 Bolivia, III. 12, 1 b. 
 
 Mekhilta, in Hebrew literature, VIII. 595, 1 a. 
 Mekhitar [mek'-e-tar], founder of the Mekhi- 
 tarists, XI. 364. 
 
 Mehhitarists , congregation of Armenian monks, 
 I. 726, 1 a. Improved edition of Mezrob’s 
 Bible, 727, 1 c. Mekhitarists of San Lazaro, 
 2 be. See Mekhitar. 
 
 Mekong', river of Further India, XI. 365. 
 Mela, Pomponius, Roman geographer, XI. 365 ; 
 
 VII. 684, 1 b; X. 196, 2 c. 
 
 Melaleuca (botany), III. 559, 1 c. M. cajuputi, 
 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Melampus, in Greek mythology, XI. 365. 
 Melancholia : see Insanity, IX. 302, 2 c. 
 MELANcn'raoN, Philipp, second leader of the 
 Lutheran reformation, XI. 365. His ser¬ 
 vices as a reformer, 1 c, fF. “ Qualified 
 countenance” of the bigamy of Philip of 
 Hesse, 367, 1 c; XIII. 416, 1 c. His faith 
 in omens, XII. 627, 1 a. See XI. 811, 1 c; 
 XIII. 440, 2 a. 
 
 Melanchthonians , V. 534, 1 c ; XIV. 246, 1 c. 
 Melandra castle, VIII. 35, 2 c (Glossop). 
 Melaner'pes erythroceph' alus (ornithology), 
 XVI. 710, 1 be. 
 
 Melanesia : see Micronesia, and II. 128, 1 c; 
 
 XII. 573, 1 b. 
 
 Melanesians, XI. 56, 1 b; 57, 1 ab. 
 
 Melanite, black garnet, VII. 625, 2 a. 
 Melano'sis, a morbid growth, XI. 367. 
 Melanospores: see Alg^e, I. 300, 2 b. 
 
 Melazzo : see Milazzo. 
 
504 
 
 MELBOURNE 
 
 MELVILLE 
 
 Melbourne [mel'-burn], city of Australia, XI. 
 367 (ill.). 
 
 Melbourne, William Lamb, viscount, British 
 statesman, XI. 369. Caroline (Lady Caro¬ 
 line Lamb), novelist, 1 c. 
 
 Melchite party [mel'-kite]: see Monophysites, 
 XI. 757, 2 c; Copts, V. 334, 1 a. 
 MELcnizEDEK [mel-kiz'-e-dek], XI. 369; IX. 620, 
 
 1 ab. 
 
 Melchthal, Arnold vom [mel k h'-tal], Swiss pa¬ 
 triot, XI. 369. 
 
 Melcombe, Lord [mel'-kum]: see Dodington. 
 Meldi , country of the, III. 284, 1 a. 
 
 Meleager [me-le-a'-jer], mythical hero of 
 Greece, XI. 369. Macedonian general, 370, 
 1 a. Greek epigrammatist, ib. 
 
 Melea'gris (ornithology), XVI. 54, 1 c. M. 
 gallopavo, 2 a (ill.). M. ocellata and M. 
 Mexicana, 55, 1 b. 
 
 Melee [ma-la]: see Tournament, XV. 824, 2' 
 be. 
 
 Melegnano [ma-la-nya'-no], town of Italy, XI. 
 
 370. Battle of, 1 b; VII. 416, 2 b. 
 Melendez Valdez, Juan Antonio [ma-lain'- 
 tAaith val'-^aith], Spanish poet, XI. 370. 
 Me'les (zoology), II. 212, 1 a. M. vulgaris, 
 
 1 c (ill.). M. Labradorica, 2 be (ill.). M. 
 collaris, 213, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Melesigines [inel-e-sij'-e-neez], name given to 
 Homer, VIII. 778, 2 a. 
 
 Melesville [mail-veel], pseudonyme, VI. 334, 2 b. 
 Meletian schism : see Meletius. 
 
 Meletius, ancient schismatic, XI. 370. 
 Meletius, Saint, XI. 370. 
 
 Melez'itose , kind of sugar, XV. 441, 2 b. 
 Melgarejo [mail-ga-ra'- k ho], president of Bolivia, 
 III. 16, 1 a, ff. 
 
 Meli, Giovanni [ma'-le], Italian poet, XI. 371. 
 Melia (botany), XIII. 831, 1 ab. M. Indica, 
 
 2 a. M. azedarach, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Melia'cece (botany), XIII. 831, 1 b. 
 
 Melicer'tes , in Greek legend, IX. 437, 2 b. 
 
 Greek name of Melkart, XII. 118, 1 b. 
 Mel'ita : see Malta, and Civita Veccuia, IV. 
 616, 1 b. 
 
 Melitce'a (entomology), III. 498, 2 c. M. my- 
 rina, ib. M. selene, ib. 
 
 Melite [mel'-e-te]: see Samothrace. 
 Melithrep'tes Pacifica (ornithology), VIII. 526, 
 2 b. 
 
 Melitius : see Meletius. 
 
 Mel'itose: see Sugar, XV. 441, 2 b. 
 
 Melittoth'eres Hu'bicus (ornithology), II. 464, 
 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Melkart, Melkarth , Melk-karth , Phoenician di¬ 
 vinity, XII. 118, 1 b; IV. 37, 2 c. 
 
 Mellarium , III. 23, 2 c (Bona Dea). 
 
 Mellen, Grenville, American poet, XI. 371. 
 Mellier's process , for paper pulp, XIII. 47, 2 b. 
 MELLiN,Gustaf Henrik, Swedish author, XI. 371. 
 Mello: see Melo. 
 
 Mellon , Harriet: see Saint Albans, duchess of. 
 Mello'ni, Macedonio, Italian physicist, XI. 
 371. His investigations respecting heat, VI. 
 
 81, 1 ab-2 c (ill.); 83, 2 b; referred to, II. 
 666, 2 c. 
 
 Melmoth, William [mel'-muth], English author, 
 XI. 371. William (2d), 2 c. 
 
 Melo, Francisco Manuel de [ma'-lo], Portu- 
 guese-Spanish historian and poet, XI. 371. 
 Melodeon, musical instrument, XI. 372; XII. 
 
 82, 1 b; XIV. 242, 2 b. 
 
 Melodrama : see Drama, VI. 246, 2 c. 
 Melodu'num: see Melun. 
 
 Melody : see Music, XII. 83, 1 c. “ Endless 
 melody” (melos), 93, 2 a; XVI. 418, 1 c. 
 Melolontha (entomology), II. 477, 1 be. M. 
 subspinosa, XIV. 438, 1 c (ill.). M. vulgaris, 
 IV. 786, 2 a (ills., 786, 787). 
 
 Melon, fruit, XI. 372. Muskmelon, 1 be (ills.). 
 Watermelon, 373, 2 c (ills.). Citron water¬ 
 melon, 374, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Melon thistle (Turk’s cap), III. 533, 2 be. 
 Meloph'agus (entomology), VI. 130, 1 c. 
 Meloplaste , le [lull ma-lo-plast], musical sys¬ 
 tem, VII. 569, 2 be. 
 
 Melopsittacus (ornithology), XIII. 124, 1 a. 
 Melos, island of Greece, XI. 374. 
 
 Melos , endless melody, XVI. 418, 1 c (Wag¬ 
 ner) ; XII. 93, 2 a. 
 
 Melospiza (ornithology), VII. 192, 1 b; XV. 
 229, 2 c. 
 
 Melpom'ene, muse of tragedy, XI. 374. 
 
 Melrir [mel-reer'J, salt lake of Algeria, 1.303,1 c. 
 Mel'rose , county seat, VIII. 463, 1 b. Village, 
 New York city, XII. 374, 1 ab. 
 
 Melrose' Abbey, Scotland, XI. 374 (ill.). 
 Meltem: see Etesian Winds. 
 
 Melting point , effect upon it of increase of 
 pressure, VIII. 578, 2 c. 
 
 Melton-Mowbray, town of England, XI. 375. 
 Melun [muh-lu nB J, town of France, XI. 375. 
 Melville, Andrew, Scottish reformer, XI. 375. 
 Melville, Herman, American author, XI. 376. 
 Melville, Sir James, Scottish soldier, XI. 376. 
 Melville, Lord: see Dundas. 
 
 Melville Island, in polar America: see Mel¬ 
 ville Sound. Near Australia, XI. 376, 2 be. 
 
MELVILLE 
 
 MEXNO 
 
 505 
 
 Melville Sound, polar America, XI. 370. 
 
 Island, 377, 1 a. Peninsula, 1 b. 
 
 Melyador, collection of poems, VII. 507, 2 c. 
 Membertou, Henry [ma“ g -bair-too'J, Micmac 
 sagamore, XI. 377. 
 
 Membracis (entomology), VIII. 629, 2 c (ill.). 
 Membrana basilar is, of the ear, XV. 185, 1 c; 
 186, 2 a, c; 187, 1 a, b. M. Reissneri, 185, 
 1 be. M. tectoria, 1 c; 186, 2 c. 
 
 Membrane, in anatomy, XI. 377. 
 
 Membranes of pollen grains, XIII. 587, 1 be. 
 Membre, Zenobius [mfi ng -bra], French mission¬ 
 ary, XI. 378. 
 
 Memel [ma'-mel], town of Prussia, XI. 378. 
 Memel River : see Niemen. 
 
 Meminna (zoology), XII. 95, 2 b. M. Indica, 
 96, 1 ab. 
 
 Memling, Hans, Flemish painter, XI. 378. 
 Memmi, Simone, Italian painter, XI. 378. 
 Memmingen [mem'-ming-en], town of Bavaria, 
 XI. 379. 
 
 Memminger, Charles Gustavus [mem'-min-jer], 
 American politician, XI. 379. 
 
 Memnon, Homeric hero, XI. 379. The vocal 
 Memnon, colossal statue, 1 c; I. 387, 1 a. 
 The young Memnon, colossal head, II. 512,1 c. 
 Memnonium , Egyptian building, XV. 688, 1 a. 
 Memorandum articles , in insurance, IX. 317, 2 a. 
 Memphis, city of Tennessee, XI. 379 (view, 380). 
 Memphis, county seat, XIV. 697, 2 be. 
 Memphis, ancient capital of Egypt, XI. 380. 
 Memphitic version of the Scriptures, V. 333,1 a. 
 Memphrema'gog, Lake, XI. 381. 
 
 Menacannite, ore of iron, IX. 407, 1 a. 
 Menage, Gilles [ma-nazh], French author, XI. 
 381. 
 
 Menai Strait, Wales, XI. 381. 
 
 Menam ', river of Siam, XV. 10, 2 ab. 
 
 Menan, island: see Grand Manan. 
 
 Menander, Athenian dramatic poet, XI. 381. 
 Menapii, ancient people, III. 176, 1 b. 
 Menard', two counties, XI. 382. 
 
 Menard, Rene [muh-nar], missionary to the 
 Indians, XI. 382. 
 
 Menardville, county seat, XI. 382, 1 a. 
 Menasseii ben Israel, rabbi, XI. 382. 
 
 Mencius : see China, IV. 473, 2 a. 
 
 Mencke, Otto [menk'-kgh], I. 74, 1 a (Acta 
 Eruditorum). 
 
 Mendhs'ans : see Christians of St. John. 
 MendaSa Archipelago [main-da'-nya]: see 
 Marquesas Islands. 
 
 Mendelssohn, Moses [men'-dels-zone], German 
 philosopher, XI. 382. 
 
 Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, Felix [-bar-tole'-de], 
 composer, XI. 383; XII. 93, 1 b. 
 
 Men'des, city of ancient Egypt, XI. 384. 
 Mendez Pinto, Fernam, Portuguese adventurer, 
 XI. 384; IX. 543, 2 a. 
 
 Mendicants : see Religious Orders, and Mon- 
 achism. 
 
 Mendizabal, Juan Alvarez y [main-^e-tha'- 
 bal], Spanish financier, XI. 385. 
 
 Mendocino [men-do-se'-no], county, XI. 385. 
 Mendoza [main-do'-sa], Argentine province, 
 XI. 385. Capital, 386, 1 b. 
 
 Mendoza [main-£Ao'-tha], Spanish family, XI. 
 386. Inigo Lopez de, marquis de Santillana, 
 poet, 1 c. Pedro Gonzales de, cardinal, 2 a; 
 IX. 294,1 c. Diego Hurtado de, author and 
 diplomatist, XI. 386, 2 b ; XV. 220, 2 be, 
 221,1 c. Antonio de, viceroy of Xew Spain, 
 XI. 387, 1 a. 
 
 Menede'mus, his school of philosophy referred 
 to, VI. 707, 2 be. 
 
 Menela'us, Homeric hero, XI. 387. 
 
 Menendez de Aviles, Pedro [ma-nain'-^aith 
 da a-ve'-lace], Spanish admiral, XI. 387. Mas¬ 
 sacre of French prisoners, 2 b; XIV. 305, 
 2 a. 
 
 Menes [me'-neez]: see Egypt, VI. 459, 1 a, b. 
 Menes Magyarat [ma'-nesh mod'-yor-ot], wine, 
 
 IX. 66, 2 a. 
 
 Mengs, Anton Rafael [menks], German paint¬ 
 er, XI. 388. 
 
 Meng-tse [meng-tsa']: see Mencius (Index). 
 Menha'den, fish, XI. 388 (ill.); XIV. 631, 2 b. 
 
 Oil of, XI. 389, 1 a; VII. 232, 1 ab. 
 
 Men'hir : see Finds, VII. 198, 2 a. 
 
 Menifee, county, XI. 388. 
 
 Menilite, variety of opal, XII. 642, 1 b. 
 Meningeal haemorrhage, III. 199, 2 c; traumatic 
 cases of, ib. 
 
 Menin'ges of the brain, III. 187, 2 c. 
 Meningi'tis: see Brain, Diseases of the, III. 
 200, 1 be, ff. 
 
 Menip'pe mercena'ria, crab, V. 450, 1 a. 
 Menippus, Greek philosopher, XI. 388. 
 Meniscus, converging and diverging, lenses, 
 
 X. 342, 2 c, 343, 1 a; XII. 658, 2 c (ill.). 
 Menispermum cocculus (botany), IV. 775, 1 c. 
 Menkar, star, IV. 218, 2 a. 
 
 Mennas, council of: see Universalists, XVI. 
 208, 2 a. 
 
 Mennonites, religious sect, XI. 389; II. 292, 
 1 c, 293, 2 b. 
 
 Menno Simonis : see Menno Symons. 
 
 Menno Symons, religious reformer, XI. 390. 
 
506 
 
 MENOBRANCHUS 
 
 MERGANSER 
 
 Menobranchus, batrachian reptile, XI. 391. 
 
 M. maculatus, 1 c. M. lateralis, ib. (ill.). 
 Menologium , illuminated calendar, XI. 599, 2 a. 
 Menom'inee, county, XI. 391. 
 
 Menominee , county seat, XI. 392, 1 a. 
 Menominee 8 : see Menomonees. 
 
 Menomonee , county seat, VI. 318, 1 b. 
 Menomonees, tribe of Indians, XI. 392. 
 Menopo'ma, batrachian reptile, XI. 392. M. 
 Alleghaniense, 2 be (ill.). M. fuscum, 393, la. 
 Gigantic salamander of Japan, ib. ; fossil, 2 a. 
 Menorrhagia: see Haemorrhage, VIII. 374, 2 c. 
 Menses : see Catamenia. 
 
 Men'shikoff, Alexander Danilovitch, prince, 
 Russian general and statesman, XI. 393 ; IV. 
 110, 2 a, c, 111, 1 a. Alexander Sergeye- 
 vitcb, prince, XI. 393, 2 c. 
 
 Menstruation: see Catamenia. 
 
 Mensuration, XI. 394. Of length, 1 c; me¬ 
 chanical, ib. ; geometrical, 2 ab; algebraic, 
 2 be. Of surface, 2 c. Of solidity, 395,1 ab; 
 mechanical, ib. ; geometrical and algebraic, 
 
 1 b; fluxional, 1 c. Gauge rod, ib. Device 
 of Archimedes, and of Galileo, for measuring 
 complicated figures, 2 a. 
 
 Mentana [men-ta'-na], battle of, VII. 624,1 b; 
 
 IX. 454, 1 be; XIII. 43, 2 b. 
 
 Mentchikoff : see Menshikoff. 
 
 Mentha (botany), XI. 614, 2 c. M. viridis, 2 c 
 (ill., 615). M. piperita, 615,1 be. M. arven- 
 sis, rotundifolia, aquatica, and sativa, 2 c. 
 M. Canadensis and borealis, 616, 1 a. M. 
 pulegium, XIII. 271, 2 c. 
 
 Menton [ma ng -to ng ]: see Mentone. 
 
 Mentone [men-to'-na], town of France, XI. 
 
 395. Bone caves, 2 c (ill., 396). 
 
 Mentor, in Homer’s Odyssey, XI. 396. 
 
 Mentu [men-too'], Egyptian deity, XII. 116, 2 b. 
 Mentz, city of Germany, XI. 396. Cathedral, 
 
 2 a (ill.). The Eiclielstein, 2 c. History, 
 397, 1 a. 
 
 Mentz Latin Bible , referred to, III. 299, 1 a. 
 Mentzer : see Fischart. 
 
 Menu: see Manu (Index). 
 
 Menura (ornithology), X. 760, 2 a. M. superba, 
 ib. (ill.). M. Alberti, 2 c. 
 
 Menzel, Adolf Friedrich Erdmann [men'-tsel], 
 German painter, XI. 397. 
 
 Menzel, Karl Adolf, historian, XI. 397. 
 Menzel, Wolfgang, author, XI. 397. 
 
 Meor haggolah , Hebrew appellation, VII. 777, 
 1 c. 
 
 Mephistopheles [mef-is-tof'-e-leez], demon, XI. 
 398; VII. 96, 1 b. 
 
 Mephi'tis (zoology), XV. 82, 1 a; II. 212, 1 c. 
 
 M. mephitica, XV. 82, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Mequinez [mek'-e-nez], city of Morocco, XI. 398. 
 Mercadante, Saverio [mair-ka-dan'-ta], Italian 
 composer, XI. 398. 
 
 Mercantile association , discarding British fab¬ 
 rics, IV. 46, 2 a. 
 
 Mercantile system , of political economy, XIII. 
 666, 1 ab. 
 
 Mercantile usage , in law, X. 218, 2 c; 220,1 a. 
 Mercap'tan , in chemistry, XV. 455, 1 b. 
 Merca'tor, Gerard, Flemish geographer, XI. 
 
 398. Mercator’s projection, XII. 180, 2 b. 
 Mer'ced [Sp. mair-saRA'], county, XI. 398. 
 Merced , river of California, XI. 398, 2 a; XVI. 
 
 792, 1 b, ff. 
 
 Mercer, name of eight counties, XI. 398. 
 Mercer , county seat, XI. 399, 1 a. 
 
 Mercer, Hugh, American soldier, XI. 399. 
 Mercersburg, borough of Pennsylvania, XI. 
 
 399. 
 
 Mercersburg system of theology , XII. 270, 1 c. 
 Mercer university , X. 802, 1 b. 
 
 Merchant, Commission: see Factor. 
 Merchants ’ club , Boston (political), I. 107, 2 b. 
 Merchants' exchange , in New York, VII. 21, 
 2 ab. 
 
 Merchant Taylors' 1 school , London, X. 604, 2 a. 
 Mercia, Anglo-Saxon kingdom, XI. 400. 
 Merck, Johann Heinrich [mairk], German 
 scholar, XI. 400. 
 
 Mercurial air pump, I. 221, 1 a (ill.). 
 Mercurous oxide , XII. 720, 2 a. 
 
 Mercury, metal, XI. 400. Physical character, 
 1 c. Distribution, 2 c. Mining of, 401, 2 be. 
 Medicinal use of, 402, 2 c. Compounds of, 
 403, 2 c. Use of in the arts, 404, 1 a.—Mer¬ 
 cury fulminate, VII. 39,1 ab. Protochloride 
 of, V. 382, 2 a. 
 
 Mercury, Greek and Roman deity, XI. 404. 
 Mercury, planet, XI. 404. His transits, 405, 
 1 be. The “black drop,” 1 c. 
 
 Mercury vine , XV. 462, 2 b. 
 
 Mercy,, Sisters of, religious order, XI. 405. 
 Mer de Glace [mail* duh glas], Alpine glacier, 
 I. 352, 2 ab; IV. 245, 2 a. 
 
 Mere , small lake, IV. 384, 1 ab; IX. 75, 1 b. 
 Mereau, Sophie [mhh-ro]: see Brentano, III. 
 250, 2 a. 
 
 Merganetta (ornithology), XI. 407, 1 a. M. 
 armata, ib. 
 
 Mergan'ser, class of ducks, XI. 405. Red¬ 
 breasted, 406, 1 a (ill.); hooded, 2 a (ill.); 
 South American, 407, 1 a. 
 
MERGELLUS 
 
 MESEMBR Y ANTHEMUM 5 0 T 
 
 Mergellus albellus (ornithology), XV. 112, 2 c 
 (ill., 113); XI. 40G, 2 c. 
 
 Merger , doctrine of, in law, IX. 701, 2 ab. 
 Merger [mair-zha], fictitious name, YI. 267, 
 
 1 be (Drouet). 
 
 Mergni [mer-ghe'], town of British Burmah, 
 XY. 636, 2 c; 637, 1 c. Archipelago, 1 a. 
 Mer'gulus (ornithology), II. 116, 2 c. M. me- 
 lanoleucos, 117, 2 b. 
 
 Mergus (ornithology), YIII. 104,1 b. M. Amer- 
 icanus, ib. (ill.). M. merganser, 2 ab. M. 
 serrator, XI. 406, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Merian, Matthaus, the elder [ma'-re-an], Swiss 
 engraver, XI. 407. Matthaus, the younger, 
 painter and engraver, 1 b. Maria Sibylla, 
 painter and entomologist, 1 be. On the lu¬ 
 minous power of the firefly, YII. 214, 2 a. 
 Merida [ma'-re-^a], city of Spain, XI. 407. 
 Merida, capital of Yucatan, XI. 407. 
 
 Merida, state of Yenezuela, XI. 408. City, 1 b. 
 Meriden, town and city of Connecticut, XI. 408. 
 Meridian : see Longitude. 
 
 Meridian , county seat, III. 113, 2 c. 
 
 Merid'ion verna'le , diatom, YI. 84, 2 c (ill., 85). 
 MerimAe, Prosper [ma-re-ma], French author, 
 XI. 408. 
 
 Merino Sheep [meh-re'-no]: see Sheep, XIY. 
 837, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Merinthians , sect, IY. 211, 2 a. 
 
 Merinthus : see Cerinthus. 
 
 Merionethshire, county of Wales, XI. 408. 
 Merismopce'dia ventric'uli , epiphyte, YI. 688, 
 
 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Merivale, John Herman, English author, XI. 
 
 409. Herman, 1 a. Charles, 1 b. 
 Meriwether, county, XI. 409. 
 
 Merian, fish, YIII. 385, 1 a. 
 
 Merlangus (ichthyology), XIII. 681, 2 ab; YIII. 
 
 368, 1 a. M. purpureus, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Merle d’Aubigne, Jean Henri [mairl do-be- 
 nya], Swiss clergyman and historian, XI. 409. 
 Merle (blackbird), II. 675, 1 c. 
 
 Mer'lin, falcon, XI. 409 (ill.). 
 
 Merlin, two British seers, XI. 410. Merlin 
 Ambrosius, 1 a: see Arthur, I. 781, 1 b; 
 Fairies, YII. 64, 1 b, 65, 1 c. Merlin Cale- 
 donius Sylvestris, or the Wild, XI. 410, 1 b. 
 Merlino Coccajo [mair-le'-no kok-ka'-yo], sobri¬ 
 quet, X. 767, 2 ab. 
 
 Merlucius (ichthyology), YIII. 385, 1 a. M. 
 
 vulgaris, 1 ab (ill.). M. albidus, 1 c. 
 Mermaid: see Merman and Mermaid. 
 Mermaid club, London, IX. 682, 1 a; XIY. 
 193, 2 b, 817, 1 b. 
 
 Mermaid tavern , London, X. 619, 2 c; XIY. 
 
 817, l b. Allusion to, II. 431, 1 be. 
 
 Merman and Mermaid, fabulous beings, XI. 410. 
 Merm'nadce , Lydian dynasty, X. 746, 2 c. 
 Merneptah /., king of Egypt, YI. 458, 1 b, 
 462, 2 a. Merneptah II., 2 ab. 
 Merneph'theum, Egyptian building, XY. 688,1 a. 
 Merodach [m&r'-o-dak], Babylonian divinity, 
 
 XI. 410. 
 
 Merodach-baladan , Babylonian king, II. 35, 1 c. 
 Merode, Francois Xavier Marie Fred6ric Gliis- 
 lain de [ma-rud], papal statesman and pre¬ 
 late, XI. 410. Count Felix de (1791-1857), 
 Belgian statesman, 2 c. 
 
 Meroe [mer'-o-a], state and city of ancient 
 Ethiopia, XI. 411; YI. 749, 1 b. 
 
 Merom , lake of Palestine, IX. 683, 2 a. 
 Mer'opis : see Cos. 
 
 Mero'pius of Tyre , I. 48, 1 b. 
 
 Me’rops (ornithology), II. 463, 2 b. M. apiaster, 
 464, 1 ab (ill., 463). 
 
 Merove'us, Frankish king, YII. 378, 2 c; XI. 
 
 411, 2 c. 
 
 Merovingian architecture , I. 662, 2 a. 
 Merovingians, Frankish dynasty, XI. 411. 
 Merrick, county, XI. 412. 
 
 Merrick, James, English poet, XI. 412. 
 Merrimack, river of New England, XI. 412. 
 Merrimack, county, XI. 412. 
 
 Merrimack , frigate, YIII. 432, 2 a; IX. 380, 2 c. 
 Merrimack (Lawrence, Mass.), X. 232, 1 c. 
 Merritt, Timothy, American clergyman, XI. 
 
 412. 
 
 Merrows (mermaids), XL 410, 2 a. 
 
 Merry Andrew: see Borde, Andrew. 
 
 Merry counsellors: see Fool, YII. 307, 2 c. 
 Merseburg [mair'-z&h-boorg], Prussia, XI.413. 
 Mersey, river of England, XI. 413. 
 
 Merthyr Tydfil [mer'-t^er], Wales, XI. 413. 
 Merulius lacrymans , fungus, YII. 531, 2 be. 
 Merv [mairv], town of Turkistan, XI. 413. 
 Mery, Joseph [ma-re], French author, XI. 413. 
 Merychippus [me-rik-hip'-pus], fossil mammal, 
 VIII. 739, 1 ab. 
 
 Mesa [ma'-sa], a name of Hawaii, YIII. 529,1 a. 
 Me'sa: see Mesha (Index). 
 
 Mesas , table lands, I. 709, 2 c; IY. 50, 2 c; 
 
 XII. 317, 2 ab. 
 
 Mescal', liquor, XIY. 79,1 c. S QzMezcal (Index). 
 Mescal a [mes-ka'-la], river of Mexico, XI. 413. 
 Mesdemoiselles [ma-duk-mwa-z81], under the 
 old French monarchy, X. 815, 1 b. 
 Mesembryan'themum, genus of plants, XI. 413. 
 M. crystallinum: see Ice Plant. M. doli- 
 
508 
 
 MESENTERY 
 
 METEORIC 
 
 briforme, 1 c (ill.). M. deltoideum, ib. (ill.). 
 M. tigrinum, 2 a. M. felinum, ib. (ill.). M. 
 edule, 2 ab. 
 
 Mes'entery (anatomy), I. 318, 1 c; XIII. 302, 
 2 a. See Gland, VII. 836, 1 c. 
 
 Me'slia , king of Moab, XI. 685, 1 b. 
 
 Meshech: see Japhetu, IX. 566, 2 c. 
 
 Mesh'ed, city of Persia, XI. 414. 
 
 Meshtcheriaks , Finnish tribe, VII. 207, 1 be. 
 Mesil'la [Sp. ma-se'-lya], town of New Mexi¬ 
 co, XI. 415. 
 
 Meslin , mixture of wheat and rye, XIV. 504,1 c. 
 Mesmer, Friedrich Anton, German physician, 
 XI. 415. 
 
 Mesmerism: see Mesmer, and Animal Magne¬ 
 tism. 
 
 Mesoceph'ali : see Ethnology, VI. 756, 2 a. 
 Mesocolon (anatomy), XIII. 302, 2 a. 
 Mesolonghi : see Missolonghi. 
 
 Mesopotamia., ancient country of Asia, XI. 415. 
 Mesorectum (anatomy), XIII. 302, 2 a. 
 
 Mesotho'rax: see Insects, IX. 311, 1 b. 
 Mesozo'ic rocks, VII. 694, 1 a; 697, 1 be. 
 Mes'pilus German'ica (botany), XI. 355, 2 c. 
 Mesquite: see Mezquite. 
 
 Messa'la, or Messalla, Roman general, XI. 415. 
 Messali'na, Valeria, Roman empress, XI. 415. 
 
 Statilia, empress, 416, 1 a. 
 
 Messana : see Messina. 
 
 Messapia, peninsula of Italy, XI. 416. 
 Messapians, Italic race, IX. 439,1 c; XI. 416,1 b. 
 Messe'ne, ancient city of Greece, XI. 416. 
 Messenger: see Secretary Bird, XIV. 746, 1 a. 
 Messenia, ancient country of Greece, XI. 416. 
 Messenian wars, 2 be; VIII. 188,1 c. Nom- 
 archy, XI. 417, 1 a. 
 
 Messer, Asa, American clergyman, president 
 of Brown university, XI. 417. 
 
 Messiah: see Jesijs Christ. Pretended: see 
 Bar-Cokheba ; Hebrews, VIII. 597, 2 a; 
 and Mahdi (Index). 
 
 Messina [mes-se'-na],province of Sicily, XI.417. 
 
 Capital city, 2 b (view). History, 418, 1 b. 
 Mestizo [mes-te'-zo], half-breed, XI. 418; X. 
 
 89, 1 ab; IV. 163, 1 b ; XII. 424, 1 ab. 
 Mesy : see Halicarnassus, VIII. 392, 2 c. 
 Meszaros, Lazar [ma'-sa-rosh], Hungarian gen¬ 
 eral, XI. 418. 
 
 Metacentre, in floating bodies, IX. 120, 2 c (ill.). 
 Metachloral (chemistry), IV. 500, 1 be. 
 
 Metal, XL 419. Table of known metals, 1 c. 
 Tables of their mutual relations, 2 c, ff. 
 Conditions affecting their physical proper¬ 
 ties, 420, 1 b. Native, 2 ab; in chemical 
 
 combination, 2 b. Classification, 2 c; in 
 modern chemistry, 421, 1 b. Combinations 
 with non-metallic elements, 1 c; among them¬ 
 selves, ib. Detection of in solutions, IX. 130, 
 
 1 b. Transmutation of: see Alchemy. 
 Metallic age , VII. 197, 1 b. 
 
 Metallic ores , distribution of, VII. 698, 1 c. 
 Metallic tractors, Perkins' 1 s, XIII. 306, 1 a. 
 Metalloids : see Metals, XI. 420, 2 be. 
 Metallurgy, XI. 421. Ore dressing, 2 b. 
 Mechanical separation of minerals, 422, 1 be. 
 Extraction of metals from their ores, 424, 
 
 2 c. Metals reduced from the state of oxide 
 by carbon, ib. ; produced by the mutual re¬ 
 action of an oxide and sulphide, 425, 1 c. 
 Replacement of one by another, ib. Fur¬ 
 naces, 426, 1 a. Removal of slag or cinder, 
 
 1 be. Roasting, 2 a. Separation of alloys, 
 
 427, 1 b. 
 
 Metals, in heraldry, VIII. 671, 2 a. 
 
 Metamer'ic substances, IX. 432, 1 ab. 
 Metamora, county seat, XVI. 708, 2 b. 
 MetamorpMc strata, VII. 693, 1 c. 
 
 Metani'ra, in Greek legend, IV. 209, 2 b. 
 Metaphysics : see Philosophy. 
 
 Metapontum, plains of, Italy, II. 363, 2 be. 
 Metastasio, Pietro Antonio Domenico Bona- 
 ventura[ma-tas-ta'-ze-o], Italianpoet, XI. 427. 
 Metas'tasis, in pathology, XI. 428. 
 Metatho'rax, of insects, IX. 311, 1 b. 
 
 Metatl, for grinding maize, XI. 43, 2 be. 
 Metaweli, nomad tribe, Syria, II. 179, 1 a. 
 Metcalfe, county, XI. 428. 
 
 Metcalfe, Frederick, English clergyman, XI. 
 
 428. 
 
 Metellus, Roman family, XI. 428. Lucius 
 Caecilius, 1 be. Quintus Caecilius, 1 c; his 
 four sons, 2 a. Quintus Caecilius Metellus 
 Macedonicus, ib. Lucius Caecilius Metellus 
 Dalmaticus, 2 a. Quintus Caecilius Metellus 
 Numidicus, ib. ; IX. 709, 1 a. Quintus Cae¬ 
 cilius Metellus' Pius, XI. 428, 2 b. Quintus 
 Caecilius Metellus Celer, 2 c. Quintus Cae¬ 
 cilius Metellus Pius Scipio, 429, 1 a. Quin¬ 
 tus Caecilius Metellus Creticus, ib. 
 Metempsycho'sis, XI. 429. 
 
 Me'teor, XI. 429. In common language, 2 ab. 
 Ancient accounts and views of meteors, 2 b. 
 Fire balls and shooting stars, 2 c. Notable 
 occurrences of, 430, 1 ab. Falling stars, 
 
 2 be; theories of, 431, 1 c; their orbit, 2 b. 
 Association of meteor systems with comets, 
 2 c; number of, 432, 1 c. 
 
 Meteor'ic iron, XI. 429, 2 ab. 
 
METEORIC 
 
 MEXICANS 
 
 509 
 
 Meteoric shoicers, I. 143, 2 b; XI. 430, 2 ab, ff. 
 
 Meteor'olites, XI. 429, 2 ab. 
 
 Meteorology, XI. 432. Inductive meteorology, 
 2 ab. Constitution and properties of air, 
 2 b. Temperature, 433, 1 b; sources of, 
 ib. ; at different altitudes, 435, 1 b; varia¬ 
 tions of, 2 c (diagrams, 436, 437). Winds 
 and currents, 436, 2 b; empirical scale of 
 winds, 2 c ; variations, 438, 2 b (diagrams). 
 The aqueous vapor, 440, 2 b ; variations, 
 441, 2 a (diagrams); distribution, 2 c. Pre¬ 
 cipitation, 442, 2 a (rain chart). Barometric 
 pressure, 444, 2 a (diagrams of variations).— 
 Deductive meteorology, 446, 2 b (ills.). 
 
 Meter : see Gas, YII. 638, 2 b, and Water 
 Meter. Dry meter of Bogardus, YII. 639,1 a. 
 
 Methodism, XI. 448. Early history and prin¬ 
 ciples, 1 be. Confession, 450, 2 a. Polity, 
 451, 1 be.—Divisions of Methodism, 452,1 a. 
 Wesley ans, 1 b. Calvinistic Methodists, 453, 
 2 ab. Methodist New Connection, 2 c. 
 Primitive Methodists, 454,1 a. Bible Chris¬ 
 tians, 1 be. Other bodies, 1 c.—Methodism 
 in America, 2 a. Methodist Episcopal church, 
 ib. ; doctrines, 455,1 be; polity, 2 c. Meth¬ 
 odist Episcopal church, South, 457, 1 a. Af¬ 
 rican Methodist Episcopal churches, 458,1 a. 
 Methodist Protestant church, 1 b. Wesleyan 
 Methodist Connection of America, 459, 1 b. 
 Canadian Methodism, 2 b. Other Meth¬ 
 odist bodies, 460,1 a.—Literature, 1 b.—Ori¬ 
 gin of Methodism, XYI. 557, 1 c (Wesley). 
 Episcopacy not an order, but an office, YIII. 
 426, 1 a. Right of general conference to de¬ 
 pose a bishop, 425,2 c. See Wesley, White- 
 field, and Asbury. 
 
 Methodist booh concern, XY. 831,1 a; XI. 456, 
 2 c. Its origin, YI. 90, 1 c. 
 
 Methodist church, so called, XI. 459, 1 a. 
 
 Methodius : see Cyril and Methodius. 
 
 Meth'uen treaty, XIII. 745, 2 c. 
 
 Meth'yl acetate, I. 62, 1 a. 
 
 Methylated spirit, I. 265, 2 b. 
 
 Methyle, hydrate of [meth'-il]: see Pyroxylio 
 Spirit. 
 
 Methyl'ic alcohol: see Pyroxylio Spirit, and 
 XII. 133, 1 c; I. 265, 2 c. 
 
 Metics, manumitted Greek slaves, XY. 90, 1 b. 
 
 Metis, mediaeval name of Metz, XI. 462, 2 c. 
 
 Metius, Jacob [ma'-te-us], claimant of the in¬ 
 vention of the telescope, XY. 622, 2 c. 
 
 Metoeci, foreigners in Athens, XII. 160, 2 c. 
 
 Meton, Athenian astronomer, III. 579, 2 c; 
 618, 1 c. 
 
 Meton’ic cycle: see Chronology, IY. 557, 2 b, 
 and Lunar Cycle. 
 
 Met'opes, in the Doric order, I. 656, 2 c. 
 
 Metre, and Metric System: see Weights and 
 Measures, XYI. 541, 1 a. 
 
 Metridium (actinia), I. 75, 2 a (ills., 74). 
 
 Met'ronome, instrument, XI. 460 (ill.). 
 
 Metropolis, county seat, XI. 245, 2 be. 
 
 Metropolitan, a chief bishop, I. 646, 1 b, c, 2 a. 
 
 Metropolitan fire brigade, London, X. 612, 2 b. 
 
 Metropolitan museum of art, New York, XII. 
 404, 1 c. 
 
 Metropolitan police, of London, XIII. 661, 1 b; 
 of New York, 662, 1 b. 
 
 Metrorrhagia , a form of haemorrhage, YIII. 
 374, 2 c. 
 
 Metsys : see Matsys. 
 
 Metternich, Clemens Wenzel Nepomuk Lothar, 
 prince [met'-ter-niTi], Austrian statesman, 
 XI. 460. Referred to, I. 283, 1 b, 2 b; II. 
 145, 2 b. Attempt against the constitution 
 of Hungary, IX. 58, 2 c. Richard, prince, 
 XI. 461, 2 b. 
 
 Mettis, mediaeval name of Metz, XI. 462, 2 c. 
 
 Mettray [ma-tra], agricultural and penitentiary 
 colony of France, XI. 461. 
 
 Metualis [ma-too-a'-lees], Mohammedan sect of 
 Syria, XY. 546, 1 a. 
 
 Metz [Fr. mace], city of Alsace-Lorraine, XI. 
 462 (view). Kingdom of Metz, 2 c. Siege 
 of, 463,1 a. 
 
 Metz Chronicle, referred to, IY. 558, 2 ab. 
 
 Metzu, Gabriel, Dutch painter, XI. 463. 
 
 Meudon [muh-d6 ng ], village of France, XI. 463. 
 
 Meulen, Antoine Francois van der [muh-la ng ], 
 French artist, XI. 463. 
 
 Meur'sius, or De Meurs [deh mhree], Johannes, 
 the elder, Dutch scholar, XI. 463. Johannes 
 (2d), 2 ab. 
 
 Meurthe-et-Moselle [mftrt-a-mo-zel], depart¬ 
 ment of France, XI. 463. 
 
 Meuse [muhz], river of Europe, XI. 463. 
 
 Meuse, department of France, XI. 464. 
 
 Mevlevis [mev-la'-vees], whirling dervishes, YI. 
 33, 1 a (ill.). Tomb of Mevlevi Jelal ed-Din, 
 their founder, X. 40, 1 c. 
 
 Mew, or Sea Mew, bird, XI. 464. 
 
 Mewattis, predatory people of India, I. 371, 1 c. 
 
 Mexi, Aztec war chief, II. 176, 1 be. 
 
 Mexican Picture Writing : see Hieroglyph¬ 
 ics, YIII. 719, 2 a (ill., 720). 
 
 Mexicans, ancient: see Aztecs, and Mexico, 
 XI. 472, 2 a, ff. Their human sacrifices, IY. 
 515, 2 c; XI. 474, 1 c. 
 
510 
 
 MEXICO 
 
 MICHAUD 
 
 Mexico, republic of North America, XI. 464. 
 (Map.) Divisions and population, 1 c. 
 Coasts, 2 ab. Surface, 465,1 b. Rivers and 
 lakes, 466, 1 b. Geology, 2 be. Minerals, 
 2 c; gold and silver, 467, 1 a; coinage, 2 a; 
 other minerals, 2 be. Pearls, 468, 1 a. Min¬ 
 eral springs, 1 ab. Climate, 1 b. Diseases, 
 
 1 c. Soil, 2 a. Value of landed property, 
 ib. Flora, 2 ab. Agriculture, 2 c. Manu¬ 
 factures, 469,1 b. Fauna, 2 a. Inhabitants, 
 
 2 c. Commerce, 470, 1 a. Intercommuni¬ 
 cation, 2 b. Government, 471, 1 a. Reli¬ 
 gion, 1 be. Finances, 1 c. Education, 2 b. 
 —Ancient history, 2 c. Races, ib .; I. 455, 
 1 c. Government, laws, army, &c., XI. 473, 
 1 b; religion, 474, 1 b; books, manners, cus¬ 
 toms, &c., 475, 1 a. Antiquities of, I. 396, 
 
 1 c.—Modern history, XI. 476, 1 a. Conquest 
 of, ib. War of independence, 477, 1 a; with 
 the United States, 478,1 b. French interven¬ 
 tion in, III. 51, 2 c; II. 411, 1 ab; IX. 697, 
 
 2 c; X. 495, 2 a; XI. 296, 2 a. 
 
 Mexico, state, XI. 479. 
 
 Mexico, city, XI. 480. Population, 2 b. Pub¬ 
 lic edifices, 481, 1 a, ff. Plaza de Armas, 
 
 1 b (view). Cathedral, ib. (ill.). Museum, 
 
 2 c. Education, 482, 1 ab. Learned socie¬ 
 ties, 1 be. Hospitals, 1 c. Water supply, 2 a. 
 Climate, ib .; diseases, ib. Occupations, 2 ab. 
 Financial institutions, 2 b. History, 2 be. 
 
 Mexico , county seat, II. 104, 1 b. 
 
 Mexico, Gulf of, XI. 483. 
 
 Meyendorff [ml'-en-dorf], Russian family, XI. 
 484. 
 
 Meyer, Felix [ml'-er], Swiss painter, XI. 484. 
 Meyer, Johann Georg, German painter, XI. 
 484. 
 
 Meyer, Johann Heinrich, author, XI. 484. 
 Meyer, Leo, philologist, XI. 484. 
 
 Meyer non Bremen: see Meyer, Johann Georg. 
 Meyer and Wolff, classification of birds by, XII. 
 705, 1 c. 
 
 Meyerbeer, Giacomo [mi'-er-bair], composer, 
 XI. 484; XII. 92, 2 c. 
 
 Meyeriieim, Friedrich Eduard [mi'-er-hime], 
 painter, XL 486. Wilhelm Alexander, 2 ab. 
 Eduard Franz, 2 b. Paul Friedrich, ib. 
 Meyers [mi'-erz], county, XI. 486. 
 
 Meyr, Melchior [mire], German author, XI. 486. 
 Mezcal [mes-kal'], spirituous liquor, XI. 468,2 b. 
 Mezeray, Francois Eudes de [maiz-ra], French 
 historian, XI. 487. 7 
 
 MeziJires [ma-ze-air], town of France, XI. 487. 
 MnzikRES, Alfred, French author, XI. 487. 
 
 Mezquite [mes-keet'; Sp. mes-ke'-ta], tree, XI. 
 487 (ills.). 
 
 Mezquite grass , VIII. 169, 1 a; XII. 319, 1 ab. 
 Mezquite gum, VIII. 321, 1 be. 
 
 Mez'rob, Armenian monk, I. 727,1 a. Transla¬ 
 tion of the Bible, 1 c. 
 
 Mezu'zoth, amulets, XIII. 477, 2 b. 
 
 Mezzofanti, Giuseppe Gaspardo [med-so-fan'- 
 te], Italian linguist, XI. 488. 
 
 Mezzo rilievo [re-lya'-vo], XIV. 715, 2 a. 
 Mezzotinto: see Engraving, VI. 653, 1 a. 
 
 Alleged inventor of, XVI. 735, 2 c. 
 
 MJiars, lowest class in India, IX. 214, 2 a. 
 Mhor, species of gazelle, VII. 655, 2 a. 
 
 Miako [me-a'-ko]: see Kioto. 
 
 Miall, Edward [mi'-ul], English journalist, XI. 
 488. 
 
 Miami [me-am'-e], river of Ohio, XI. 489. 
 Miami, three counties, XI. 489. 
 
 Miamis, Indian tribe, XI. 489. 
 
 Miantono'moh, Indian sachem, XI. 490. 
 
 Miar'gyrite, ore of silver, XV. 50, 1 a. 
 
 Mias [me'-as], (orang-outang), III. 104, 2 a. 
 Miasma : see Malaria. 
 
 Miattlis, Andros [me-ow'-lis], Greek admiral, 
 XI. 490. Athanasios, statesman, 2 b. 
 Miautze [me-ow-tsa'j, Indo-Chinese race, IX. 
 
 253, 2 a; IV. 447, 1 c. 
 
 Mica, in mineralogy, XI. 490. 
 
 Micah, Hebrew prophet, XI. 491. Another 
 (Micah or Micaiah), 2 a. 
 
 Micali, Giuseppe [me-ka'-le], Italian archaeolo¬ 
 gist, XI. 491. 
 
 Mica Slate, metam orphic rock, XI. 491. 
 
 Mice tower, on the Rhine, II. 644, 2 c. 
 Michdbou’, Indian myth, XII. 734, 2 c. 
 Michael [ml'-kel], angel, XI. 491; 697, 2 c. 
 Michael /., Byzantine emperor, III. 515, 1 a; 
 X. 350 2 b. 
 
 Michael II., the Stammerer, III. 515, 2 ab; 
 X. 350, 2 c. 
 
 Michael Angelo : see Buonarroti. 
 
 Michael Pal^eologus : see Byzantine Em¬ 
 pire, III. 517, 2 ab ; XI. 208, 2 a; II. 238,1 c. 
 Michael Roman'off; see Russia, XIV. 491, 
 1 ab. 
 
 Michaelis, Johann David [me- k lia-a/-lis], Ger¬ 
 man Biblical scholar, XI. 492. 
 
 Michaelite, mineral, XII. 642, 1 be. 
 Michaelmas [mik'-el-mas], festival, XI. 492. 
 Popular objection to the reformation of the 
 calendar, 1 b. 
 
 Michaud, Joseph [me-sho], French author, XI. 
 492. Louis Gabriel (M. the Younger), 2 c. 
 
MICHAUX 
 
 MIDDLETON 
 
 511 
 
 MicnAUx, Andre [me-sho], botanist, XI. 492. 
 Frangois Andre, botanist, 493, 1 b. 
 
 Mioiiel, Francisque Xavier [me-shel], arclueolo- 
 gist, XI. 493. 
 
 Mioiiel Angelo [me'-kel An'-ja-lo]: see Buo¬ 
 narroti. Ilia frescoes, VII. 484, 2 ab. His 
 criticism on a boast of Bandinelli, II. 269,1 a. 
 
 Michelet, Jules [meesh-la], French historian, 
 XI. 493. Athanalse, 494, 1 b. 
 
 Michelet, Karl Ludwig, German philosopher, 
 XI. 494. (Died 1876.) 
 
 MicnELis, Friedrich [me-ka'-lis], theologian, 
 XI. 494. 
 
 Michell , Rev. J., on earthquakes, VI. 368, 2 be. 
 His method for determining the earth’s den¬ 
 sity, 357, 2 c. His torsion balance, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Michemichequipy [mish-e-mish-e-ke'-pe], Nat- 
 chez Indians, XII. 157, 2 c. 
 
 Michigameas , Indians, IX. 180, 2 c. 
 
 Michigan [mish'-e-gan], state, XI. 494. State 
 seal (ill.), 495. Population, 1 c. Topog¬ 
 raphy, 496, 1 ab. Rivers, 2 c. Geology 
 and minerals, 497, 1 a. Natural curiosities, 
 2 be. Antiquities, 2 c. Climate, 498, 1 a. 
 Soil and productions, 1 c. Agriculture, 2 a. 
 Manufactures, 499, 1 a. Commerce, 2 be. 
 Intercommunication, 500, 2 ab. Banks, &c., 
 501, 1 a. Government, 1 b. Finances, 502, 
 1 ab. Public institutions, 2 b. Education, 
 503, 2 be. Libraries, &c., 505, 1 c. Reli¬ 
 gious organizations, 2 a. History, 2 b. 
 
 Michigan, Lake, XI. 506. 
 
 Michigan, University of, XI. 507 (ill.). 
 
 Michigan City, town of Indiana, XI. 508. 
 
 Michigan female seminary , IX. 734, 1 b. 
 
 Michilimackinao [mish-il-e-mak'-e-naw]: see 
 Mackinaw. 
 
 Michoacan [me-chwa-kan'J, state of Mexico, 
 XI. 508. 
 
 Micipsa: see Jugurtiia, IX. 708, 2 a. 
 
 Mickiewicz, Adam [mits-kyeh'-vich], Polish 
 poet, XI. 509. 
 
 Mickle, William Julius, Scottish poet, XI. 510. 
 
 Micmacs, branch of the Algonquins, XI. 510. 
 Micmac characters, 2 be (ill.). 
 
 Micrasterias (botany), VI. 43, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Micrococcus , in fermentation, VII. 145, 2 c 
 (ill.); 146, 1 a; IV. 349, 2 a. 
 
 Microcrith , molecular unit of weight, XI. 712, lb. 
 
 Microglossum aterrimum (ornithology), IV. 
 785, 1 be (ill.). 
 
 Microles'tes , fossil animals, XII. Ill, 1 b. 
 
 Microm'eter, XI. 511. Telescope microme¬ 
 ters, 1 a; filar, ib. (ill.); Huygens’s, 2 ab; 
 
 Fraunhofer’s annular, 2 b (ill.) ; double¬ 
 image, 2 c; Rutherfurd’s, 512, 2 a (ill.). 
 Microscope micrometers, 2 b (ill.); 519, 1 c. 
 Invention of the micrometer, 511, 1 a; VII. 
 641, 1 b; XV. 264, 2 ab. 
 
 Micronesia and Melanesia, divisions of the 
 Pacific islands, XI. 512; XII. 573, 1 b. Mi- 
 cronesians, XI. 56, 1 b; language, 57, 1 ab. 
 Micropyle: see Plant, XIII. 587, 2 c. 
 Microscope, XI. 513. Lenses, 1 b. Mount¬ 
 ing, 514, 1 b. Magnifying power, 2 ab. 
 Compound microscope, 515, 1 a (ill.); VII. 
 567, 2 ab (Galileo). Eminent opticians, 
 XI. 516, 1 a; Zentmayer’s microscope, 1 c 
 (ill.). Stands, 517, 2 be; 521, 1 b. Re¬ 
 quisites, 518, 1 b. Binocular microscope, 
 2 a (ill.). Accessories, 519, 1 b, ff. Mode 
 of using, 521, 2 a. Test objects, 2 c. Read¬ 
 ing microscopes, XV. 844, 1 be. 
 
 Microscopic Animals : see Animalcules. 
 Microspore , in botany, XIV. 151, 1 b (ill.). 
 Microsporon Audouini, epiphyte, VI. 689, 2 a. 
 
 M. mentagrophytes, ib. M. furfur, ib. 
 Microstiienes : see Megasthenes. 
 
 Microzy'ma , minute living organism, II. 207, 
 2 c. M. cretse, ib ., and VII. 146, 2 ab. 
 Midas, mythical king, XI. 523. 
 
 Midas (zoology), XI. 181, 1 b. M. rosalia, 2 b 
 (ill.). M. leoninus, 2 c. 
 
 Midas (entomology), VI. 129, 2 b. M. filatus, ib. 
 Middelburg, town of Holland, XI. 523. 
 Middle Ages: see Ages, I. 186, 1 a. 
 Middlebourne , county seat, XVI. 87, 2 c. 
 Middleburg , county seat, XV. 138, 1 c. 
 Middlebury, town of Vermont, XI. 523. 
 
 Middlebury college, 2 c. 
 
 Middle chief in heraldry, VIII. 671, 2 a. Mid¬ 
 dle base, ib. (See plate.) 
 
 Middle comedy , in Greece, VIII. 213, 2 c. 
 Middle park, Colorado, V. 101, 1 a. 
 Middleport, county seat, IX. 414, 1 c. 
 Middlesborough, town o^ England, XL 524. 
 Middlesex, four counties, XI. 524. 
 
 Middlesex, county of Canada, XI. 524. 
 Middlesex, county of England, XI. 524. 
 Middle Temple (Inns of Court), IX. 289, 2 c; 
 
 290, 1 ab, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Middle term , in logic, X. 579, 1 a. 
 
 Middle Thibet : see Ladakh. 
 
 Middleton, family of South Carolina, XI. 525. 
 Edward, its founder, 1 a. Arthur, governor, 
 ib. Henry, president of congress, 1 b. Ar¬ 
 thur, a revolutionary leader, ib. Henry, 
 statesman, 1 c. 
 
512 
 
 MIDDLETON 
 
 MILK 
 
 Middleton, Conyers, English clergyman, XI. 
 
 525. Charge of plagiarism: see Bellenden. 
 Middleton, Thomas, dramatist, XT. 525. 
 Middleton, Thomas Fanslia we, scholar, XI. 526. 
 Middletown, city of Connecticut, XI. 526. 
 Middletown, village of New York, XI. 526. 
 Middlings, of wheat, XYI. 588, 1 c. 
 
 Middlings , in ore, XI. 422, 1 b. 
 
 Midgard , in northern mythology, XII. 120, 1 a. 
 Serpent of, ib. 
 
 Midge : see Diptera, YI. 129, 1 c, and Black 
 Fly. 
 
 Midianites, Arabian nomads, XI. 526. 
 
 Midias , enemy of Demosthenes, Y. 797, 2 b. 
 Midland, county, XI. 526. 
 
 Midland , county seat, XI. 527, 1 a. 
 
 Mid-Lent Sunday , X. 344, 2 a. 
 
 Midlothian: see Edinburghshire. 
 
 Midnight appointments: see Adams, I. 95,1 a. 
 Midrash (plural, midrashim), in Jewish litera¬ 
 ture, YIII. 595, 2 ab. 
 
 Midshipman, XI. 527. In the IT. S. navy, 1 a; 
 
 British, 2 a. French aspirants , 2 b. 
 Midsummer-men , plant, XIY. 751, 2 a. 
 
 “ Midsummer Might's Dream," YII. 65, 1 b. 
 Midwifery [mid'-wif-re]: see Obstetrics. 
 Midwives, schools for, YI. 431, 2 be. 
 
 Miel, Jan [meel], Flemish artist, XI. 527. 
 Mieris, Frans, the elder [me'-ris], Dutch paint¬ 
 er, XI. 527. Willem, 2 c. Frans, the young¬ 
 er, 528, 1 a. 
 
 Mieroslawski, Ludwik [my&h-ro-slav'-ske], 
 Polish revolutionist, XI. 528. 
 
 Mifflin, county, XI. 528. 
 
 Mifflin, Thomas, revolutionary general,XI.528. 
 Mifflintown, county seat, IX. 715, 1 b. 
 
 Migdol: see Exodus, YII. 29, 2 a. 
 
 Migne, Jacques Paul [meeny 7 ], French editor, 
 XI. 528; IY. 567, 1 c. 
 
 Mignet, Francois Auguste Marie [me-nya], his¬ 
 torian, XI. 529. 
 
 Mignonette [min-yup-et'], plant, XI. 529 (ill.). 
 
 Jamaica mignonette, YIII. 638, 1 a. 
 Migration , first historical, YII. 737, 2 ab. 
 Miguel, Dom Maria Evaristo [me-ghel'], Por¬ 
 tuguese prince, XI. 529. Ingratitude of, IY. 
 347, 2 c. 
 
 Mihagua [me-a'-gwa], bark, II. 314, 1 b. 
 Mihriya [me-re'-ya], followers of Mihr, head of 
 the Manichseans, XI. 108, 2 a. 
 
 Mikado [me-ka'-do], Japanese title of sover¬ 
 eignty, XI. 530. See IX. 538, 1 ab; 539,1 c; 
 541, 1 a; 543, 1 ab; 544, 2 a; 546, 2 b. 
 Mikania guaco (botany), YIII. 275, 1 be. 
 
 Miklasiya [mik-la-se'-ya], followers of Miklas, 
 Manicha3an leader, XI. 108, 1 c. 
 
 Miklosich, Franz von [mik'-lo-shich], Slavic 
 philologist, XI. 530. 
 
 Miknas: see Mequinez. 
 
 Mi'lam, county, XI. 531. 
 
 Mil'an, province of Italy, XI. 531. City, 1 c. 
 Cathedral, 532, 1 ab (ill., 531) ; IY. 118,1 ab. 
 History, XI. 533, 1 a. Edict of, regulating 
 fiefs, YII. 161, 1 b. 
 
 Milan ' (Syracuse, N. Y.), XY. 544, 2 a. 
 
 Milan Obrenovitch IV., prince, XIY. 782, 2 c. 
 
 Mila’nion, husband of Atalanta, II. 50, 2 c. 
 
 Milazzo [me-lat'-so], town of Sicily, XI. 534. 
 
 Milborne, Jacob, X. 330, 1 c; 331, 1 a. 
 
 Milbukn, William Henry, American clergyman, 
 XI. 534. 
 
 Mildew, XI. 534 (ills.). See Fungi, YII. 528, 
 2 a, 531, 2 a; Grape, YIII. 164, 2 a. 
 
 Mile, measure of distance, XI. 535. 
 
 Miletus [mi-le'-tus], city of Asia Minor, XI. 535. 
 
 Milfoil: see Yarrow, plant. 
 
 Milford, town of Massachusetts, XI. 536. 
 
 Milford, county seat, XIII. 511, 1 b. 
 
 Milford Haven, Wales, XI. 536 (view). 
 
 Milfort, Le Clerc [mil-for], French adventurer, 
 XI. 537. 
 
 Milhau [me-yo]: see Millau. 
 
 Miliaria, disease, XY. 501,1 be. Miliary fever, 
 ib. Miliary tubercles of the lungs, Y. 282, 
 2 be. 
 
 Military Frontier, Austrian, XI. 537. 
 
 Military Law : see Court Martial, and Mar¬ 
 tial Law. 
 
 Military Schools, XI. 537. 
 
 Military systems: see Army (Index). 
 
 Militia, XI. 538. In England, 1 ab; on the 
 European continent, 539, 2 a; in Turkey, 
 540, 1 c; in the United States, ib. 
 
 Militia Jesu Ghristicontrahcereticos, IX. 293,2c. 
 
 Milium (botany), XI. 555,1 a. M. effusum, ib. 
 
 Milk, XI. 541. Globules, 542, 1 b (ill.); I. 
 119,1 b. Constituents of milk, XI. 542, 2 a. 
 Yolcker’s analysis, IY. 349, 1 a. Methods 
 of testing, XI. 542, 2 c. Adulterated and 
 diseased milk, 543, 1 b (ills., 544). Fungi in, 
 544, 1 b. Preservation from putrefaction, 
 1 c. Condensation by the air pump, I. 222, 
 1 b. Yegetable milk, III. 223, 2 ab. Pi¬ 
 geon’s milk, 504, 2 a. 
 
 Milk of lime, X. 478, 1 b. 
 
 Milk, Sugar of, XI. 544. 
 
 Milk Leg, disease, XI. 545. 
 
 Milk sickness, in cattle, IY. 131, 2 a. 
 
MILK 
 
 MILNOR 
 
 513 
 
 Milk make , IV. 420, 2 c. 
 
 Milk thistle , XV. 713, 2 ab. 
 
 Milk Tree : see Cow Tree. 
 
 “ Milk of icax ,” varnish, XVI. 269, 1 a. 
 
 Milkath (Astarte), XII. 118, 1 b. 
 
 Milkers ’ spasm , XIV. 713, 2 c. 
 
 Milkweed, XI. 545. Common, 546, 1 a (ill., 
 545); variegated, ib. (ill.), &c. Other gen¬ 
 era, 2 b; XIII. 549, 2 b. Fertilization of 
 by insects, IX. 309, 2 b. 
 
 Milky Way: see Galaxy. 
 
 Mill , in calico printing, III. 596, 1 ab; in gem 
 engraving, VII. 664,1 b; lapidary, X. 160, 2 a. 
 
 Mill, James, English philosopher, XI. 546; 
 XIII. 446, 1 a, 672, 1 c: see Bentham, II. 
 536, 2 b. John Stuart, philosopher, 547,1 b; 
 814, 2 ab; XIII. 446, 1 ab; 673, 1 a. Sys¬ 
 tem of logic, X. 580, 2 b, 581, 1 b. • 
 
 Mill, John, English scholar, XI. 548. 
 
 Millais, John Everett [mil-la'], English painter, 
 XI. 548. 
 
 Millard, county, XI. 548. 
 
 Millard, David, American clergyman, XI. 548. 
 
 Millait, or Millaud [me-yo], town of France, 
 XI. 549. 
 
 Millbank , London, X. 611, 2 be. 
 
 Milldam road , Boston, III. 116, 2 a. 
 
 Milledge, John, American soldier, XI. 549. 
 
 Milledgeville, town of Georgia, XI. 549. 
 
 Milledoler [mil'-dol-er], Philip, American cler¬ 
 gyman, XI. 549. 
 
 Mille-Jiori [mil'-la-fyo'-re], glass, VIII. 23, 2 b. 
 
 Mille islands: see Mulgrave Islands. 
 
 Mille Lacs [mil lak], county, XI. 549. 
 
 Millenarians : see Millennium. 
 
 Millennial church , so called, XI. 550, 2 a. 
 
 Millennium, in theology, XI. 549. 
 
 Mil'lepede: see Centipede, and Wire Worm. 
 
 Millep'ora (zoology), XI. 550, 2 c. M. alcicor- 
 nis, 551, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Millepore, XI. 550 (ill.). 
 
 Miller , moth, XI. 867, 2 b. 
 
 Miller, two counties, XI. 551. 
 
 Miller, Benigne Emmanuel Clement [me-lair], 
 French philologist, XI. 551. 
 
 Miller , Cincinnatus Miner: see Miller, Joaquin. 
 
 Miller, Edward, American physician, XI. 551. 
 
 Miller, Hugh, British geologist, XI. 551. Early 
 training, 552, 1 a. His career as a stone 
 mason, 2 b. Excursions among the rocks, 
 553, 1 a; discoveries in the old red sand¬ 
 stone, ib. Religious views, 1 b. Discovery 
 of ichthyic remains, 1 c. “Letter to Lord 
 Brougham,” ib. Position as a journalist, 2 a. 
 
 33 
 
 Contributions to geological science, 2b; es¬ 
 timate of them, ib. Suicide, 554, 1 a. 
 
 Miller, James, American general, XI. 554. 
 
 Miller, James, Scottish surgeon, XI. 554. 
 
 Miller, Joaquin, American poet, XI. 554. 
 Minnie Theresa (Dyer) Miller, 2 a. 
 
 Miller, Joseph, English actor, XI. 554. 
 
 Miller, Samuel, American clergyman, XI. 554. 
 
 Miller, Thomas, English author, XI. 555. 
 
 Miller, William, American fanatic, XI. 555. 
 
 Miller, William Allen, English chemist, XI. 555. 
 
 Millersburg, county seat, VIII. 770, 2 c. 
 
 Millerton, county seat, VII. 489, 1 c. 
 
 Millet, XI. 555. Millet grass, 2 a, b. True mil¬ 
 let, 2 c (ill.) ; Hungarian, 556, 1 ab (ill.); In¬ 
 dian, 2 a; Italian, VIII. 168, 2 be. 
 
 Millet, Aimd [me-ya], French sculptor, XI. 556. 
 
 Millet, Jean Frangois, painter, XI. 556. 
 
 Millet, Pierre, missionary, XI. 556. 
 
 Millin, Aubin Louis [me-ya ng ], archaeologist, 
 XI. 556. 
 
 Milliner , origin of the word, XI. 533, 2 b. 
 
 Milling: see Fulling. 
 
 Milling , in manufacture of lead, X. 262, 1 c. 
 
 Milling machine (mint), XI. 619, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 “ Millions for defence , not a cent for tribute ,” 
 origin of the expression, XIII. 521, 1 a. 
 
 Millot, Claude Frangois Xavier [me-yo], 
 French ecclesiastic, XI. 556. 
 
 Mill river , bursting of the reservoir of, VIII. 
 430, 2 a. 
 
 Mills, two counties, XI. 557. 
 
 Mills, Charles, English historian, XI. 557. 
 
 Mills, Clark, American sculptor, XI. 557. 
 
 Mills, Samuel John, jr., clergyman, XI. 557. 
 
 Mill Spring , battle of, IX. 805, 2 ab. 
 
 Millstone, XI. 557. 
 
 Millstone Grit, geological formation, XI. 558. 
 
 Millville, city of New Jersey, XI. 558. 
 
 Milman, Henry Hart, English author, XI. 558. 
 
 Milne, William [miln], missionary, XI. 559. 
 
 Milne-Edwards, Henri [meel-na-dwar], French 
 naturalist, XI. 559. His experiments in 
 feeding bees, I. 316, 1 a. His classification 
 of the Crustacea, V. 532, 2 b, 533, 2 b; 
 of fishes, IX. 161, 2 a; of insects, VI. 662, 
 1 be; of mollusca, XI. 51, 2 a; of mollus- 
 coids, 724, 1 c; of reptiles, VIII. 694, 1 c. 
 
 Milner, John, English author, XI. 559. 
 
 Milner, Joseph, historian, XI. 559. Isaac, au¬ 
 thor, 2 b. 
 
 Milnes, Richard Monckton [milnz]: see Hough¬ 
 ton, Lord. 
 
 Milnor, James, American clergyman, XI. 559. 
 
514 
 
 MILO 
 
 MINERAL 
 
 Milo, island : see Melos. Venus of: see Ve¬ 
 nus (Index). 
 
 Milo, Greek athlete, XI. 560. 
 
 Milo, Titus Annius Papinianus, Roman tri¬ 
 bune, XI. 560. 
 
 Milon , athlete : see Milo. 
 
 Milona Ccesonia, wife of Caligula, III. 616, 2 b. 
 Milosh Kobilo'mtch [me'-losh], I. 446, 1 b. 
 Milosh Obreno'vitch , XIV. 782, 1 c, 2 be. 
 Miltiades [mil-tl'-a-deez], Athenian statesman, 
 
 XI. 560. 
 
 Milton, county, XI. 560. 
 
 Milton, township of Wisconsin, XI. 561. Mil- 
 ton college, 1 a. 
 
 Milton , county seat, XIV. 620, 1 be. 
 
 Milton, John, English poet, XI. 561. Discus¬ 
 sion of church reform, 562, 1 a. Marriage, 
 
 1 c; discussion of the doctrine of divorce, 
 
 2 a. “Tenure of kings and magistrates,” 
 563, 1 a. Foreign secretary of the common¬ 
 wealth, ib. Controversy with Salmasius, 1 b. 
 His blindness, 1 c. His “ Defensio Secunda,” 
 563, 2 a. His ideal of a free commonwealth, 
 2 b. Second and third marriages, 2 c. Pub¬ 
 lication of “Paradise Lost,” ib. ; of “ Para¬ 
 dise Regained,” 564, 1 a. Discovery of his 
 “De Doctrina Christiana,” 564, 1 b. His 
 personal habits, 1 c. Allusion to him, XVI. 
 640, 2 b. Pretended plagiarism : see Lauder, 
 William. 
 
 Milutin, Nikolai Alexeyevitch [mil-yoo'-tin], 
 Russian statesman, XI. 564. 
 
 Milvus regain (ornithology), X. 20, 2 ab. 
 Milwaukee, county, XI. 564. 
 
 Milwaukee, city of Wisconsin, XI. 565 (view). 
 Milwaukee cement stone , XVI. 681, 2 b. 
 
 Milyas [mil'-e-as] : see Lycia, X. 742, 1 ab. 
 Milyutin : see Milutin. 
 
 Mimet'esite, mineral, X. 250, 1 ab. 
 
 Mimetic theory of language , X. 147, 2 b. 
 Mimigardevord: see Munster, XII. 46, 2 b. 
 Mimir [me'-mer], in Scandinavian mythology, 
 
 XII. 120, 1 b. 
 
 Mimner'mus, Greek poet, XI. 567. 
 
 Mimo'sa, plant, XI. 567. M. pudica, 2 a (ill.). 
 M. strigillosa, 568, 1 a. Genus Schrankia, 
 1 b. S. uncinata and angustata, ib. 
 
 Mimus (ornithology), XI. 688, 2 c. M. poly- 
 glottus, 689, 1 b (ill.). M. montanus, 1 be. 
 M. rufus, 2 a. M. Carolinensis, IV. 104, 1 c 
 (ill.). 
 
 Mim'usops ela'ta (botany), III. 223, 2 ab. 
 
 Mina , weight and money, XV. 555, 1 c. 
 
 Mina Bird : see Mino Bird. 
 
 Minargent , alloy, I. 368, 2 b. 
 
 Minas Geraes [me'-nas zha-rice'], province of 
 Brazil, XI. 568. 
 
 Minatitlan [me-na-te-tlan'], town of Mexico, 
 XI. 568. 
 
 Minch , ocean channel, VIII. 600, 1 ab. 
 
 Mincio [min'-cho], river of Italy, XI. 569. 
 
 Mincius : see Mincio. 
 
 Mind, Gottfried [mint], Swiss painter, XI. 569. 
 
 Mindanao [meen-da-now'J : see Philippine 
 Islands, XIII. 417, 1 c. 
 
 Minden, town of Prussia, XI. 569. Battle, 2 a. 
 
 Minden , county seat, XVI. 528, 1 a. 
 
 Mindog , king of Lithuania, X. 530, 2 b. 
 Mindoro: see Philippine Islands, XIII. 417,1 c. 
 
 Mine, XI. 569. Ancient mining, 2 ab, ff. Dis¬ 
 covery and testing of mineral deposits, 570, 
 2 ab. Approaches to mines, 571,1 b. Ex¬ 
 traction of minerals, 572, 1 b; hydraulic 
 mining, 2 a; stoping, 2 c (ills.); without 
 packing, 574, 2 b; transportation of men 
 and materials, 2 c. Protection of works 
 and workmen, 575, 2 a. Mining laws and 
 schools, 576,1 b. Deepest mine in the world, 
 VIII. 493, 2 a. 
 
 Mine , submarine , so called, XV. 804, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Miner, county, XI. 576. 
 
 Miner, Alonzo Ames, American clergyman, 
 XI. 576. 
 
 Miner, Thomas, physician, XI. 577. 
 
 Mineral, county, XI. 577. 
 
 “ Mineral blossom ,” X. 253, 2 c. 
 
 Mineral Deposits, XI. 577. Superficial, 1 be. 
 Stratified, 2 a. Unstratified, 2 ab; eruptive 
 masses, ib. ; minerals disseminated through 
 them, 2 c ; contact deposits, ib. ; impregna¬ 
 tions, 578, 1 a; fahlbands, ib. ; stockwork, 
 1 ab. Mineral veins, 1 b; gash veins, 1 be 
 (ills.); segregated, 2 b (ill.); fissure, 579, 
 1 b (ills.). Filling of mineral veins, 580, 2 c; 
 theory of injection, 2 c; of aqueous deposi¬ 
 tion, 581, 1 b; lateral secretion, 1 be; sub¬ 
 limation, 2 a; chemical precipitation, 2 b. 
 Systems of veins, 582, 1 b; gossans, 2 a. 
 
 Mineral mud bath , XI. 595, 2 b. 
 
 Mineral'ogy, XI. 583. Chemistry of minerals, 
 1 b. Classification of elements, 585, 2 ab. 
 Crystalline form, 1 c. Physical characteris¬ 
 tics, 586, 2 be. Classification of minerals, 
 587 1 a. Nomenclature, 588,1 a. Mineral- 
 ology, 1 c. Artificial minerals, 2 b. His¬ 
 torical, 2 c. 
 
 Mineralol'ogy , study of minerals, XI. 588, 1 c. 
 
 Mineral pitch, II. 19, 2 c (Asphaltum). 
 
MINERAL 
 
 MINUCIUS 
 
 515 
 
 Mineral Point, city of Wisconsin, XI. 591. 
 
 Mineral po-isons in coloring matter , I. 133, 1 ab, 
 2 a. 
 
 Mineral Springs, XI. 591. Ancient, 2 be. 
 Origin and properties of, 592, 1 a. Chaly¬ 
 beate springs, 1 c ; muriated, 2 be ; sulphur, 
 593, 1 c; alkaline, 594, 1 a; alkaline saline, 
 1 be; purgative, 2 a; calcic, 2 b ; indiffer¬ 
 ent thermal, 2 c. Uses, 595, 1 c. 
 
 Miners (of California), law regarding their 
 regulations and customs, VII. 177, 1 b. 
 
 Mineral tallow, XVI. 516, 1 c. 
 
 Mineral waters, XVI. 498, 2 b. 
 
 Mineral Waters, Artificial, XI. 595. Appara¬ 
 tus for manufacturing, 596, 1 c. Geneva 
 system, ib. Self-generator, 2 b; Matthews’s 
 apparatus, ib. (ill.). Champagnebaths, 597,2a. 
 
 Miner's inch , in gold washing, VIII. 83, 2 c. 
 
 Minersville, borough of Pennsylvania, XI. 597. 
 
 Minerva, goddess, XI. 597. 
 
 Min'ever, fur, VII. 537, 1 c; XV. 298, 1 c. 
 
 Minghet'ti, Marco, Italian statesman, XI. 598. 
 
 Mingrelia, in Asiatic Russia, XI. 598. 
 
 Minho [me'-nyo], river of Spain and Portugal, 
 XI. 598. 
 
 Minho, province of Portugal, XI. 598. 
 
 Minia'tor, of ancient manuscripts, XI. 131, 2 a. 
 
 Min'iature Painting, XI. 598. Origin of the 
 expression, 599, 1 a. Ancient and medieeval 
 practice, ib., ff. As now applied, 2 c. 
 
 Minie, Claude Etienne [min'-e; Fr. me-nya], 
 French inventor, XI. 600. Minie bullet, 1 c; 
 XIV. 330, 1 ab (ill.). 
 
 Minim, fish, XI. 613, 1 c. 
 
 Minims, order of, established, VII. 424, 1 c. 
 
 Mining , effect of the science of geology on, 
 VII. 688, 2 ab. 
 
 Mining bees , II. 458, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Milling schools, VI. 430, 2 ab; XI. 576, 2 ab. 
 
 Mining shafts, XI. 571, 2 ab. 
 
 Minister, foreign, domicile of, XIV. 20, 1 c. 
 
 Minister plenipotentiary : see Ambassador. 
 
 Minium : see Lead, X. 245, 1 c ; XI. 599, 1 a. 
 
 Minins: see Minho. 
 
 Mink, animal, XI. 600 (ill.). Fur of, VII. 
 537, 1 ab. 
 
 Minne [min'-neh], in German literature, VII. 
 763, 1 be. See Minnesingers. 
 
 Minneapolis, city of Minnesota, XI. 601. 
 
 Minneapolis, county seat, XII. 733, 1 a. 
 
 Minnehaha [min-ne-lia'-ha], county, XI. 602. 
 
 Minnehaha falls, Minnesota, XI. 605, 1 a. 
 
 Minnesingers, German poets, XI. 602. 
 
 Minnesota, state, XI. 602. State seal (ill.). 
 
 Population, 2 c. Topography, 603, 1 c. 
 Rivers and lakes, 2 be. Geology and mine¬ 
 rals, 604,1 b. Soil and climate, 2 ab. Flora 
 and fauna, 2 c. Natural curiosities, 605,1 a. 
 Agriculture, 1 b. Manufactures, 2 c. Com¬ 
 merce, 606, 1 c. Intercommunication, 607, 
 1 a. Banks, &c., 1 be. Government, 1 c. 
 Finances, 608, 2 a. Public institutions, 609, 
 
 1 ab. Education, 2 a. Libraries, 610, 2 a. 
 Religious organizations, 2 b. History, 2 o. 
 
 Minnesota, river, XI. 611. 
 
 Minnesota, University of, XI. 611. 
 Minnetarees', Indian tribe, XI. 612. 
 
 Minnewit: see Minuit, Peter. 
 
 Minnie Myrtle, pseudonyme, XI. 554, 2 a. 
 Minniwahan, salt lake, Dakota, V. 639, 2 b. 
 Minnow, fish, XI. 613 (ill.). 
 
 Mino Bird, XI. 613 (ill.). 
 
 Miho [me'-nyo]: see MiNno. 
 
 Minorca, Balearic island, XI. 613. 
 
 Minorites : see Franciscans. 
 
 Minor mode, in music, XII. 78, 2 b. 
 
 Minos, king of Crete, XI. 614 ; XIV. 284, 2 b. 
 Minot, George Richards, American jurist, XI. 
 614. 
 
 Minot’s Ledge: see Lighthouse, X. 461, 1 c. 
 Minotaur: see Minos, XI. 614, 1 ab, be. 
 
 Labyrinth of the, III. 696, 1 a. 
 
 Minsis : see Munsees. 
 
 Minsk, government of Russia, XI. 614. Capi¬ 
 tal city, 2 a. 
 
 Minstrels, medieval poets and musicians, XI. 
 
 614. Swabian school, VII. 763, 2 ab. 
 
 Mint, plant, XI. 614. Spearmint, 2 c (ill., 
 615). Peppermint, 615, 1 be. Corn mint, 
 
 2 c. Wild mint, ib. 
 
 Mint, place of coinage, XI. 616. Early coin¬ 
 ing, 1 a; in Britain, 1 b, ff. Hammer money, 
 2 b. Early coining machines, 2 c (ills., 617). 
 Seigniorage, 617, 1 c. Mints and assay of¬ 
 fices in the United States, 2 b. Gold and 
 silver bullion, 618, 1 a. Assaying, 1 c. 
 Standard metal, 2 a. Alloy, ib. Machinery 
 for coining, 618-620 (ills.). Chlorination 
 process referred to, 620, 2 a. Weights of 
 coins, ib. Amount of coinage, 2 c. List 
 of directors, ib. —Mint of France, 621, 1 a. 
 Mint pieces, XII. 535, 2 ab. Mint mark, 2 c. 
 Mintha, legendary nymph, XI. 614, 2 c. 
 
 Minto, Gilbert Elliot, first earl of, English 
 statesman, XI. 621. Gilbert Elliot-Murray- 
 Kynynmound, second earl of, 1 c. 
 
 Minucius Felix, Marcus, Latin Christian writer, 
 XI. 621. 
 
516 
 
 MINUET 
 
 MISSI 
 
 Minuet, dance, XI. 621. Musical movement, 2 b. 
 Minuetto , in music, XI. 621, 2 b. 
 
 Minuit, Peter, colonial governor, XI. 621. 
 Minus'cule writing , XI. 134, 1 a. Date of, 
 VIII. 209, 2 be. 
 
 Minute, of time and of arc, XI. 622. 
 
 Minutoli, Heinrich Menu von, baron [me-noo'- 
 to-le], German archaeologist, XI. 622. Wol- 
 fradine, countess von der Schulenburg, au¬ 
 thoress, 1 c. Julius von, writer, ib. 
 
 Minx } or mink, fur of, VII. 537, 1 ab. 
 
 Minyce [min'-e-e], people of Bceotia, II. 774, 
 2 be; of Lemnos, X. 336, 1 a. 
 
 Minyas [min'-e-as], referred to, I. 208, 1 b. 
 Mi'ocene, in geology, XI. 622. 
 
 Miolan-Carvalho, Caroline Marie Felix [myo- 
 la ng -kar-va'-lyo], French singer, XI. 622. 
 Miot, Andre Francois, count de Melito [myo], 
 author, XI. 623. Referred to, III. 34, 1 b. 
 Miquelon [meek-lo ng ]: see Saint-Pierre. 
 
 Mira tree , VIII. 301, 2 ab. 
 
 Mirabaud [me-ra-bo], nom de plume, VIII. 
 763, 2 b. 
 
 Mirabeau, Gabriel HonoiA Riquetti, count de 
 [me-ra-bo], French author and statesman, 
 XI. 623. Early traits of person and mind, 
 
 1 ab. Victim of paternal tyranny, 1 b, ff. 
 Early indications of talent, ib. Political 
 agitator, 624, 1 a. Elected to the states 
 general, 1 b ; influence in the assembly, ib .; 
 support of the third estate, 1 c; bold mes¬ 
 sage to the king, ib. ; favors restoration of 
 his legitimate authority, ib. Labors as dep¬ 
 uty and journalist, 2 a. Death, 2 c. 
 
 Mirabichi [me-ra-be'-she], Indian god, XII. 
 734, 2 c. 
 
 MiraVilis (botany), XI. 215, 2 b. M. Jalapa, 
 
 2 c (ill.), and other species. 
 
 Miracle, in theology, XI. 625. 
 
 Miracles , modern , VIII. 761, 2 ab. 
 
 Miracles and Moralities, mediaeval plays, 
 
 XI. 626. Source in the early church, 1 be. 
 Miracle plays in the middle ages, 1 c, ff. 
 Miracle of the passion, 2 be; of the con¬ 
 ception, &c., 2 c ; of the Acts of the Apostles, 
 627, 1 a. German, 1 ab. English, 1 c; VI. 
 634, 1 b.—Moralities, XI. 628, 1 ab. Transi¬ 
 tion in England to the drama, 1 c; sup¬ 
 pressed in Paris, ib. Mysteries still per¬ 
 formed in parts of Europe, ib. 
 
 Mirajlores , Carthusian convent of, III. 449, 2 c. 
 Miraflores, Manuel de Pando, marquis of 
 [me-ra-flo'-race], Spanish statesman, XI. 628. 
 Mirage [me-razh'], optical illusion, XI. 628. 
 
 Four cases of, 2 c. Mirage of the desert, 
 629, 1 b (ill.) ; over water, 1 c (ill.). Re¬ 
 markable cases of, 2 b. 
 
 Miramichi [me-ra-me-she'], bay and river of 
 New Brunswick, XI. 629. 
 
 Miramon, Miguel [me-ra-mone'], Mexican sol¬ 
 dier, XI. 630. 
 
 Miranda, Francisco [me-rfm'-da], Venezuelan 
 revolutionist, XI. 630; III. 7, 1 c. Ben- 
 tham’s interest in his project, II. 536, 2 c. 
 
 Miran'dola, Giovanni Pico della, count, and 
 prince, XI. 631. 
 
 Mirbane , essence of | XIII. 289, 1 b. 
 
 Mirbel, Charles Francois Brisseau de [meer- 
 bel], French naturalist, XL 631. 
 
 Mirdites , Albanian tribe, I. 244, 2 a. 
 
 Mirecourt [meer-koor], France, XI. 631. 
 
 Mire-drum , fen fowl, II. 670, 2 a. 
 
 Mmks, Jules [me-race], French speculator, XI. 
 631. 
 
 Miriam, sister of Moses, XI. 631. 
 
 Miriti [me-re-te'J, tree, III. 224, 1 b. 
 
 Mirror, XI. 632. Ancient mirrors, material 
 of, 1 a. Glass mirrors, 2 b. Process of 
 coating, 2 be; modern improvements, 2 c; 
 difficulties of, 633, 1 b. Other methods, 1 c. 
 Bottger’s process of platinizing glass, 2 ab. 
 See Aldehyde, I. 268, 1 ab. 
 
 Mirror , concave , principal focus of, XII. 656, 
 1 c (ills.). Conjugate foci, 657, 1 c. 
 
 Mirrors , burning: see Burning Glass, &c. 
 Of great size, 2 b. 
 
 Mirza Ali Moham'med [meer'-za a'-le], founder 
 of Babism, II. 182, 2 b; XIII. 320, 1 b. 
 
 Mirza Gahara , Bab, II. 183, 1 a. 
 
 Mirzapore', town of India, XI. 633. 
 
 Misach Palceologus (Messih Pasha), Turkish 
 commander, II. 100, 2 c. 
 
 Misal: see Sikhs, XV. 37, 1 b. 
 
 Miscarriage , XII. 569, 1 be (Obstetrics). 
 
 Misdemeanor, in law, XI. 633. 
 
 Miserere [miz-e-re'-re], penitential hymn, XI. 
 634. Music, author of, I. 327, 2 c. 
 
 Mishmish , a dried fruit, I. 606, 1 a. 
 
 Mishnah, XI. 634 ; VIII. 595,1 a; 728, 1 b. 
 
 Mishneh torah: see Maimonides, XI. 28, 1 c. 
 
 Miskolcz [mish'-kolts], Hungary, XI. 635. 
 
 Misnia : see Meissen. 
 
 Mis'picTcel , ore of arsenic, I. 769, 2 c. 
 
 Missdbizi [-be'-ze], Indian god, XII. 734, 2 c. 
 
 Missal, mass book, XI. 635; X. 535, 1 b. 
 “ Roman missal,” ib. 
 
 Missau'kee, county, XI. 636. 
 
 Missi dominici , Charlemagne’s imperial dele- 
 
MISSISSIPPI 
 
 MITHRIDATES 
 
 517 
 
 gates, II. 291, 1 c (twice). Missi regii, III. 
 
 757, 2 b. 
 
 Missinnippi River : see Chttrciiill, IV. 568,1 c. 
 Missionary ridge , IV. 339, 2 b. Battle of, ib. 
 Missionary union , American Baptist , XI. 643, 
 2c; IX. 703, 1 c. 
 
 Missions, Foreign, XI. 636. Roman Catholic 
 637, 1 a; in the East, 1 ab; in America, 1 b. 
 Jesuit missions, 1 c. Training of mission¬ 
 aries, 639, 1 a. Missionary societies, 1 c.— 
 Protestant, 639, 2 c. Missionary societies, 
 641, 2 be. Missionary field, 645, 2 b. 
 Mississagas [-saw'-gas], Indian tribe, XI. 635. 
 Missis'quoi, county, XI. 650. 
 
 Mississippi, state, XI. 650. State seal (ill.). 
 Population, 2 b. Topography, 651, 1 c. 
 
 Hydrography, 2 a. Geology, 652, 1 a. Cli¬ 
 mate, 1 be. Soil and productions, 2 a. Ag¬ 
 riculture, 2 be. Manufactures, 653, 2 a- 
 
 Commerce, 1 b. Intercommunication, 2 b. 
 Banks, &c., 654, 1 a. Government, 1 ab. 
 Finances, 2 c. Public institutions, 655, 1 be. 
 Education, 2 b. Libraries, &c., 657, 1 b. 
 Religious organizations, 1 c. History, 2 a; 
 secession, 2 c; reconstruction, 658, 1 a. 
 Mississippi, two counties, XI. 658. 
 
 Mississippi City , county seat, VIII. 480, 2 c. 
 Mississippi company: see Law, John (Index). 
 Mississippi River, XI. 658. Source, 2 c. Falls 
 of St. Anthony, 659, 1 be. Rock Island 
 rapids, 1 c. Des Moines rapid, 2 a. Table 
 of the hydraulics of the Mississippi, 660, 1 a. 
 The delta, 1 ab, 2 c; I. 338, 2 b. Water of 
 the Mississippi, XI. 661, 1 ab. Its channel, 
 1 c ; rate of descent, 2 a; obstructions, 2 ab. 
 Early explorers, 662, 1 a. 
 
 Missolonghi, town of Greece, XI. 662. Siege, 1 b. 
 Missoula [mis-soo'-la], county, XI. 662. 
 Missoula , county seat, XI. 662, 2 b. 
 
 Missouri, state, XI. 662. State seal (ill.), 663. 
 Population, 1 c. Topography, 2 c. Rivers. 
 
 664, 2 a. Soil, ib. Geology and minerals, 
 
 665, 1 a. Lead deposits of, X. 253, 2 a. 
 Climate, XI. 666, 1 a. Productions, 1 b. 
 Agriculture, 1 be. Manufactures, 2 b. Com¬ 
 merce, 667, 1 c. Intercommunication, 668, 
 1 a. Banks, 1 c. Government, ib. Finances, 
 669, 1 c. Public institutions, 2 b. Educa¬ 
 tion, 2 c. Libraries, &c., 674, 2 b. Re¬ 
 ligious organizations, 2 c. History, 672, 
 1 ab. Opposition to the admission of Mis¬ 
 souri as a state, IX. 836, 1 he. Abolition of 
 slavery, XI. 673, 1 c. 
 
 Missouri compromise , XI. 672, 2 a; 763, 1 b; 
 
 IX. 753, 1 b. Secret history of, I. 101, 2 ci 
 102, 1 ab. 
 
 Missouri River, XI. 673. Source, 2 a. Junc¬ 
 tion with the Mississippi, 2 b. Navigation 
 of, 2 c. Area drained by it, 674,1 a. “ Gates 
 of the Rocky mountains,” 1 ab. The Great, 
 falls, ib. Missouri river bridge, V. 425, 1 b. 
 Missouris, Indian tribe, XI. 674. 
 
 Missourium , extinct animal, XI. 267, 1 c. 
 Mistake, in law, XI. 674. 
 
 Misti [mees-te'], volcano of, I. 632, 2 a (ill.). 
 Mistletoe [miz'-z’l-to], parasitic shrub, XI. 
 675 (ill.). Druidical use of, VI. 270, 2 a. 
 American mistletoe, XI. 676, 1 b. 
 
 Mistral, Frederic, French poet, XI. 676. 
 Mistral , a wind, XVI. 658, 2 b ; XII. 427, 2 a. 
 Mitau [me'-tow], capital of Courland, XI. 676. 
 Mitchel, John, Irish revolutionist, XI. 676 ; 
 
 IX. 360, 1 b ; VII. 126, 2 a. (Died 1875.) 
 Mitchel, Ormsby Macknight, American as¬ 
 tronomer and soldier, XI. 677; I. 233, 2 a. 
 Mitchell, four counties, XI. 677. 
 
 Mitchell , county seat, XI. 677, 2 c. 
 
 Mitchell, Donald Grant, American author, 
 XI. 678. 
 
 Mitchell, Elisha, chemist, XI. 678; II. 682, 
 1 be, 2 a. 
 
 Mitchell, John Kearsley, physician, XI. 678. 
 S. Weir, physician, 1 c. 
 
 Mitchell, Maria, astronomer, XI. 678; XII. 
 567, 2 ab. 
 
 Mitchell , Mt ., North Carolina, II. 682, 1 be. 
 Mitchell, Sir Thomas Livingstone, British 
 engineer, XI. 678. 
 
 Mitchella repens (botany), XIII. 143, 1 c (ill.). 
 Mitchell’s Peak: see Black Mountains. 
 MitchelVs screic pile , X. 454, 1 ab ; 462, 1 b. 
 MitchelVs theory of hurricanes, IX. 80, 2 be. 
 Mitchill, Samuel Latham, American physi¬ 
 cian and naturalist, XI. 679; XVI. 191, 2 b. 
 His writings on fishes, IX. 126, 1 a. 
 
 Mite, insect, XI. 679 (ill.). Locust mite, XIV. 
 374, 1 b (ill.). Silky mite, ib. (ill.). See 
 Epizoa, VI. 694, 2 a, ff. (ills.). 
 
 Mitford, Mary Russell, English authoress, XL 
 679. 
 
 Mitford, William, historian, XI. 680. 
 
 Mith'ra , Persian deity, allusion to, XI. 681,1 c; 
 I. 32, 2 c (Mithras). Mysteries of, XII. 115, 
 1 h. Representations of, 1 c. 
 
 Mithradates : see Mithridates. 
 
 Mithridates [mith-re-da'-teez], king of Pontus, 
 XI. 680. 
 
 Mithridates , kings of Parthia, XIII. 135,1 c, If. 
 
518 
 
 MITHRIDATES 
 
 MOHAMMED 
 
 Mithridates , account of all known languages, 
 I. 114, 2 a (Adelung). 
 
 Mitra [me'-tra], in Indian mythology, IX. 223, 
 2 b (twice). 
 
 Mitrailleuse [me-tra-yuz]: see Artillery, 
 I. 792, 1 c. 
 
 Mitral valve, of the heart, VIII. 558, 1 c. 
 
 Mitre, ornament, XI. 681 (ills.). Bishop’s, 681, 
 1 c (ill.). Referred to, II. 663, 2 c. 
 
 Mitre tavern, London, X. 620, 1 b. 
 
 Mitsoherlich, Eilhard [mit'-sher-li c h], German 
 chemist, XI. 681; IV. 368, 1 a. Discovery 
 of benzine, II. 544, 1 a. 
 
 Mittau: see Mitau. 
 
 Mittermaier, Karl Joseph Anton [mit'-ter-ml- 
 er], German jurist, XI. 682. 
 
 Mittimus, in law, XI. 682. 
 
 Mittoo', country of Africa, XI. 682. 
 
 Mitylene : see Mytilene. 
 
 Mixtecas [mees-ta'-kas], Indian nation, XI. 683. 
 
 Mizar, star in Ursa Major, II. 420, 2 a. 
 
 Mjolnir [myol'-ner], in Scandinavian mythol¬ 
 ogy, V. 512, 1 c. 
 
 Mnemonics, artificial memory, XI. 683. Sys¬ 
 tem of, 2 a, ff. 
 
 Mnemosyne [ne-moz'-e-ne], goddess, XI. 684. 
 
 Mnesicles [nes'-e-kleez], Athenian architect, II. 
 56, 1 b. 
 
 Mniotilta varia (ornithology), V. 473, 1 c. 
 
 Moa : see Dinornis. 
 
 Mo'ab, land of, XI. 684. Moabite stone, 2 c. 
 
 Moallakat', Arabic poems, I. 623, 2 b; 442, 2 c 
 (Moallacahs). 
 
 Moat, in fortification, VII. 328, 2 ab. 
 
 Moawiyah I. [mo-a-we'-ya], caliph, founder of 
 the Ommiyade dynasty, XI. 685 ; I. 311, 2 ab; 
 XII. 628, 1 a. Moawiyah II., XI. 685, 2 b. 
 
 Moberly, George, English bishop, XI. 685. 
 
 Mobile [mo-beel'j, river and bay of Alabama, 
 XI. 685; I. 228, 2 c. 
 
 Mobile, county, XI. 686. 
 
 Mobile, city of Alabama, XI. 686. History, 
 687, 1 c. 
 
 Mobile equilibrium of temperature [mo'-bil], 
 Prevost’s theory of, VIII. 570, 2 ab. 
 
 Mobile Point, XI. 688. 
 
 Mobius, August Ferdinand [mo'-be-oos], Ger¬ 
 man mathematician, XI. 688. Theodor, phil¬ 
 ologist, 2 a. Paul Heinrich August, author, ib. 
 
 Mocanna : see Atha ben Hakem. 
 
 Moccason flower, X. 90, 2 b. 
 
 Mocha [mo'-ka], seaport of Arabia, XI. 688. 
 Temperature, I. 619, 2 a. Mocha coffee, 2 b; 
 V. 16, 2 a. 
 
 Mocha stone, or moss agate, I. 178, 2 b. 
 Moohuana : see Bechuana, II. 438, 1 b. 
 
 Mock orange, XIII. 404, 1 c; X. 468, 1 be. 
 Gordon’s mock orange, 2 a (ill.). See Squash, 
 XV. 293, 1 be. 
 
 Mocking Bird, XI. 688 (ilk). See Poe Bird, 
 XIII. 635, 1 c, and XII. 410, 2 c. 
 
 Mock-sun, VIII. 406, 2 a. 
 
 Mocksville, county seat, V. 708, 1 b. 
 
 Mococo, monkey, X. 339, 1 be. 
 
 Mod'ena, duchy of Italy, XI. 689. Province, 2 c. 
 
 Capital city, ib. (view, 690). 
 
 Moderados [mo-^a-ra'-^/mce], Spanish political 
 party, IX. 423, 1 c. 
 
 Moderations , Oxford examination, XII. 766,1 c. 
 Modesto, county seat, XV. 306, 2 c. 
 
 Mod'ica, town of Sicily, XI. 691. Valley of 
 Ipsica, 1 b. 
 
 Modi'ola (mollusca), XII. 103, 2 c. M. modio¬ 
 lus, ib. 
 
 Modlin : see Novogeorgievsk. 
 
 Modocs, Indians, XI. 691; X. 22, 1 b. 
 Modulation, in music, XII. 85, 1 b. 
 
 Mce'ris, lake of Egypt, XI. 691. Its remains 
 identified, VI. 455, 1 b. 
 
 Mcesia, ancient country of E. Europe, XI. 692; 
 VIII. 126,1 b. Superior, XI. 692,1 b ; XIV. 
 781, 2 a. Inferior, XI. 692,1 b; III. 422, 1 b. 
 Mceso- Goths, XI. 692, 1 b. 
 
 Mo'ez, caliph, VII. 94, 2 a. 
 
 Moffat, Robert, Scottish missionary, XI. 692; 
 
 X. 548, 1 a. 
 
 Mogador, pseudonyme, IV. 223, 2 a. 
 Mogadore', town of Morocco, XI. 692 (view) • 
 839, 1 a. 
 
 Moggia [mod'-ja], Neapolitan acre, I. 72, 2 c. 
 Moghilev, or Mogilev: see Mohilev. 
 
 Mogila [mo-ghe'-la], or Mogilas, Peter, Russian 
 author, XI. 693. 
 
 Mogollon range [mo-go-lyone'], Arizona, I. 
 709, 2 be. 
 
 Moguls' (Mongols), XI. 693. Great Mogul, 1 c. 
 Mogunti'acum: see Mentz. 
 
 Monies [mo'-hatch], town of Hungary, XI. 
 
 693. Battle of, 2 a; IX. 57, 2 a. 
 
 Mohair, Angora goat’s wool, XVI. 713, 1 a. 
 Moham'med, founder of the Mussulman religion, 
 
 XI. 693. Parentage and early fortunes, 2 b. 
 First marriage, 694, 1 a. Call to his mission, 
 1 ab. Outlawed and banished from Mecca, 
 1 be. The Hegira, 2 a. War against unbe¬ 
 lievers, 2 ab. Arabia subjected, 2 c. Holy 
 war against the Byzantine empire, 695, 1 a. 
 Last pilgrimage to Mecca, ib. His death, 
 
MOHAMMED 
 
 MOLINISTS 
 
 519 
 
 1 ab. Personal characteristics, 1 b. Ilis 
 tomb: see Medina, 353, 1 a. 
 
 Mohammed II., Turkish sultan, XL 695. 
 Mohammed IV., Turkish sultan, XI. 696. 
 Mohammed Ali : see Mehemet Ali. 
 Mohammed Ghore , monarch, IX. 207, 2 ab. 
 Mohammed Ghous , tomb of, VIII. 349, 1 c. 
 Mohammed Togluk , king, IX. 208, 1 a. 
 Mohammedanism, XI. 696. Standards of faith 
 and morals, 697, 1 ab. Fundamental doc¬ 
 trine, 2 ab; views of Christ, 2 b; of angels, 
 
 2 be; of good and evil spirits, 2 c; of the 
 last judgment, 698, la; of the passage thence 
 to the award, 1 ab; of heaven and hell, 1 b; 
 of the divine foreknowledge and predestina¬ 
 tion, and man’s responsibility, ib. Practical 
 religion, 1 be; prayer, 1 c; almsgiving, 2 a; 
 fasting, 2 ab; pilgrimage to Mecca, 2 b. The 
 Koran the rule of civil and social as well 
 as religious life, 2 c; things forbidden, ib. ; 
 crimes and punishments, 699, 1 a. Polyga¬ 
 my and divorce, 1 ab; ethics outside of the 
 domestic relations, 1 b. Spread of Moham¬ 
 medan doctrines and rule, 1 c, ff. Statistics, 
 
 700, 1 ab. 
 
 Mohave [mo-ha'-va], county, XI. 700. 
 
 Mohave City , county seat, XI. 700, 2 a. 
 Mohaves, Indian tribe, XI. 700. 
 
 Mo'hawk, river of New York, XI. 700. 
 Mohawks : see Agmegue, and IX. 412, 1 be. 
 Mohe'gans, Indian tribe, XI. 700. 
 
 Mohicans [mo-he'-kans]: see Mohegans. 
 Mohilev [mo-he'-lev], Russian government, XI. 
 
 701. Capital city, 2 a. 
 
 Mohl, Hugo von [mole], German botanist, XI. 
 
 701. Robert, jurist, 2 b. Julius, scholar, ib. 
 Mohler, Johann Adam, theologian, XI. 701. 
 Mohs, Friedrich [moce], mineralogist, XI. 702. 
 
 Classification of minerals, 589, 2 ab, c. 
 Moigbota , Anglo-Saxon penalty for murder, III. 
 755, 2 a. 
 
 Moigno (de Villebeau), Francois Napoleon 
 Marie [mwa-nyo duh. veel-bo], French scien¬ 
 tific author, XI. 702. 
 
 Moigwenas, Indians, IX. 180, 2 c. 
 
 Moir, David Macbeth, Scottish author, XI. 703. 
 Moira, Earl of: see Hastings, Francis. 
 Moissac chronicle [mwa-sak], allusion to, IV. 
 558, 2 ab. 
 
 Moivre, Abraham de [duh mwavr’], French 
 mathematician, XI. 703. 
 
 Mojos: see Moxos (Index). 
 
 Mokanna : see Atha ben Hakem. 
 
 Mokha : see Mocha. 
 
 Moksha , in Buddhism, III. 396, 1 c; 403, 1 a. 
 Moktana Boha ed-Din [mok-ta'-na bo'-ha ed- 
 deen'], VI. 272, 2 b; 273, 1 c. 
 
 Mokzhas, Russian people, XI. 822, 1 a. 
 
 Mola, Pietro Francesco, Italian painter, XI. 
 
 703. Giambattista, painter, 1 c. 
 
 Molasse [mo-las'], stone, XI. 703. 
 
 Molasses, XI. 703 ; XV. 446, 2 b, 447, 2 b. 
 Moldatj [mole'-dow], river of Bohemia, XI. 703. 
 Moldavia, country of Europe, XI. 703. 
 
 Mole, animal, XI. 705. European, 1 c (ill.). 
 Star-nosed, 706, 1 ab (ill.). Shrew mole, 
 
 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Mole , abnormal foetus, XI. 765, 1 be (Monster). 
 Mole, Louis Mathieu [muh-la], French states¬ 
 man, XI. 706. 
 
 Mole Cricket, XI. 707 (ill.). 
 
 Molech : see Moloch. 
 
 Molec’ular attraction and repulsion: see Cohe¬ 
 sion, V. 20, 2 a. Molecular combination, 
 VII. 597, 2 a. Molecular constitution of 
 matter: see Diathermancy, VI. 83, 1 be. 
 Molecular granulations, II. 208,1 a. Molec¬ 
 ular impressions, XIV. 428, 1 b. 
 
 Mol'ecule, XI. 707. Definition, 2 c, 708, 2 c; 
 II. 87, 1 c. Molecular motion, XI. 708, 2 c. 
 Conservation of energy, 709,1 b. Mechani¬ 
 cal condition of molecules of same substance, 
 
 2 b. Collisions of unequal masses, 710, 1 a. 
 Effect of increase of temperature on a con¬ 
 fined mass of gas, 2 b. Diffusion of gas 
 molecules, 713, 1 ab. Molecules of a liquid, 
 2 c. Molecular magnitudes, 714,1 b. Chem¬ 
 ical point of view, 715, 1 b. Elementary 
 substances, 716, 1 a. Distinction between 
 atom and molecule, 717,1 b; 583,1 b. Iso¬ 
 meric substances, 718, 1 a. Polarity of mo¬ 
 lecular force, V. 539, 2 c. 
 
 Molenbeek - St. - Jean [mo-len-baik-sa ng -zha ne ], 
 town of Belgium, XI. 718. 
 
 Moleschott, Jacob [mo'-leli-shot], German 
 physiologist, XI. 718. 
 
 Mole shrew, animal, XV. 8, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Moles worth, "William Nassau, English author, 
 XI. 718. (Died 1877.) 
 
 Molfetta, seaport town of Italy, XI. 718. 
 MoLikRE [mo-lyair], French dramatist, XI. 718. 
 Molina, Luis [mo-le'-na], Spanish theologian, 
 XI. 719. 
 
 Molina, count of, adopted name, III. 793, 1 c. 
 Molina, Maria de, mother of Ferdinand IV., 
 VII. 135, 2 c. 
 
 Moline [mo-leen'], city of Illinois, XI. 720. 
 Molinists : see Molina, Luis. 
 
520 
 
 MOLINOS 
 
 mondovi 
 
 Molinos, "Miguel de [mo-le'-noce], Spanish mys¬ 
 tic, XI. 720; IX. 289, 2 ab (Michael). 
 
 Molique, Wilhelm Bernhard [mo-leek'], Ger¬ 
 man violinist and composer, XI. 720. 
 
 Molise [mo-le'-za]: see Campobasso. 
 
 Mollah , Moslem judge and priest, III. 536, 1 b; 
 VII. 66, 2 a; XIII. 318, 2 b; XVI. 103, 1 c. 
 
 Molleb, Georg [mul'-ler], German architect, 
 
 * XI. 720. 
 
 Mollhausen, Balduin [raol'-how-zen], German 
 traveller, XI. 720. 
 
 Mollusca, XI. 720. General characteristics, 
 721, 1 b. Acephala, 1 c. Encephala, 722, 
 1 ab. Ileteropoda, 1 c. Gasteropoda, 2 b. 
 Cephalopoda, 723, 1 c. Distribution, local, 
 724,1 a; in time, 1 b. Uses of, 1 c. Number 
 of species, ib. 
 
 Molluscoi'da , III. 178, 1 a. 
 
 Mollus'coids, XI. 724. Brachiopods, 725, 1 b. 
 
 Mollwitz [mul'-vits], (village, 25 m. S. E. of 
 Breslau), battle of, VII. 456, 1 b; I. 748, 
 1 be; IV. 145, 2 a. 
 
 Molo of Rhodes, Cicero’s teacher, IV. 572,2 ab. 
 
 MoLocn [mo'-lok], god of the Ammonites, XI. 
 725; XII. 117, 2 c. 
 
 MoLocn, reptile, XI. 725. M. horridus, ib. 
 
 Mololconi , Russian religious sect, XIV. 485,1 be. 
 
 Molossia, or Molossis, part of Epirus, XI. 725. 
 
 MoVothrus (ornithology), V. 440, 1 c; II. 657, 
 1 a. M. pecoris, V. 440, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Moltke, Helmuth Karl Bernhard von, count 
 [molt'-keh], German general, XI. 725. 
 
 Moluccas, or Spice Islands, # XI. 726. 
 
 MolyVdates, XI. 727, 2 ab. Molybdate of lead 
 first made known, X. 23, 1 a. 
 
 Molyb'denum, metal, XI. 727. 
 
 Mombas, town of Zanzibar, XI. 727. 
 
 Mombasah , Mombaz : see Mombas. 
 
 Momeca , resin of hemp, VIII. 633, 1 b. 
 
 Momentum , of matter in motion, XI. 318, 1 c. 
 
 Mommsen, Christian Matthias Theodor [mum'- 
 zen], German historian, XI. 727. 
 
 Momordica elaterium (botany), V. 559, 1 a (ill., 
 558) ; VI. 492, 1 b. 
 
 Momotombita [-tome-be'-ta], island, XI. 87, 2 be. 
 
 Momotombo, volcano of Nicaragua, XI. 728. 
 
 Momotus (ornithology), XI. 872, 1 a. M. Bra- 
 siliensis, 2 ab (ill.). 
 
 Mbmpelgard [mom'-pel-gart]: see Montbe- 
 
 LIARD. 
 
 Mompos [mome-poce'], city of Colombia, XI.728. 
 
 Mompox: see Mompos. 
 
 Momus, in Greek mythology, XI. 728. 
 
 Mona , island: see Anglesea, I. 497, 2 a. 
 
 Monacello [-chel'-lo]: see Fairies, VII. 63,2 be. 
 
 Monachism [mon'-a-kizm], XI. 728. First type 
 of, 2 a. Egyptian, 2 b; employments, ib. 
 In eastern countries, 729, 1 a. Disfavored 
 by church fathers and councils, 1 b. Trans¬ 
 ferred from deserts to towns, ib. Literary 
 treasures, 2 a (see Athos). In the West, ib. 
 Attempts for reform, 730,1 a. Different or¬ 
 ders, 1 b. Influence of the reformation, 2 b; 
 direction to foreign missions, 731,1 be. De¬ 
 crease in the 18th century, 1 c; increase in 
 the 19th, 732, 1 ab.—Protestant sisterhoods 
 and brotherhoods, 1 c. 
 
 Mon'aco, principality and town of Italy, XI. 
 732 (view). 
 
 Mon'ad, in philosophy, XI. 733. Leibnitz’s 
 doctrine of monads, X. 325, 1 a. Infusorial 
 monads referred to, XV. 283, 1 be. 
 
 Monad 'nock, Grand, mountain of New Hamp¬ 
 shire, XI. 733. 
 
 Monagas , Jose Tadeo [mo-na-'gas], president of 
 Venezuela, XVI. 296, 1 b; XIII. 788, 2 b. 
 
 MoNAGnAN [mon'-a-han], county of Ireland, 
 XI. 733. 
 
 Monaldeschi [mon-al-des'-ke], murdered by or¬ 
 der of Queen Christina, IV. 549, 2 c. 
 
 Monapia: see Man, Isle of. 
 
 Monarchian doctrine (theology), XII. 473, 1 b. 
 Monarchians in the early church: see Noe- 
 tians, and Sabellius, XIV. 507, 1 a. 
 
 Monas crepusculum (infusoria), VII. 144, 2 a. 
 
 Mon'astery, XI. 734. Refuge of learning in 
 the dark ages, VI. 412, 1 be; especially the 
 Irish monasteries, 1 c. 
 
 Monastic bodies , abolition of, in Italy, Portugal, 
 and Spain, XI. 731, 2 b. 
 
 Monasticon Anglicanum , VII. 61, 2 be. 
 
 Monastir [mo-nas-teer'], town of European 
 Turkey, XI. 734. 
 
 Monbeliard : see Montb£liard. 
 
 Monboddo, James Burnet, lord, Scottish jurist, 
 XI. 734. 
 
 Monbuttoo', country of Africa, XI. 734. 
 
 Monck [munk], district of Canada, XI. 735. 
 
 Moncreiff (Well wood), Sir Henry [mon- 
 kreef'], Scottish divine, XI. 735. 
 
 Moncton [munk'-ton], town of New Bruns¬ 
 wick, XI. 735. 
 
 Monday, day of the week, XI. 735. 
 
 Mondino da Luzzi [mon-de'-no da loot'-se], Ital¬ 
 ian anatomist, I. 460, 2 b; XI. 348, 2 c. 
 
 MondojJedo [mone-£Ao-nya'-4Ao], city of Spain, 
 XL 735. 
 
 Mon'dovi, Italy, XI. 735. Battle of, 2 ab. 
 
MONE 
 
 MONOLEINE 
 
 521 
 
 Mone, Franz Joseph [mo'-n&h], German scholar, 
 XI. 735. 
 
 Moners: see Protoplasm, XIV. 33, 1 b, ff. 
 Moneta sacra , on ancient coins, III. 315, 1 c. 
 Money, XI. 735. Nature of money, 2 c. Dis¬ 
 similar substances used as money, 736, 1 b. 
 Origin of metallic money, 737, 1 c. Inven¬ 
 tion of coinage, 2 be.—Money in Great Brit¬ 
 ain, 738,1 b; adoption of gold standard, 739, 
 2 b; relative value of gold and silver, 740, 
 1 c. Establishment of banks, 2 b.—Money 
 in America, 741, 1 b. Financial condition 
 of American colonies, 1 be; under the con¬ 
 tinental congress, 2 c. Banks in the United 
 States, 742, 2 b.—Amount in circulation, 
 743, 2 c; 744, 1 a. Money of account, 744, 
 1 b. Theory of money, 2 be. 
 
 Money , Indian, II. 412, 2 b. 
 
 Money order system , in England, XIII. 749, 
 1 c; in the United States, 753, 2 c. 
 Monferrato [mon-fair-ra'-to]: see Montferrat. 
 Monge, Gaspard [mo nfr zh], French mathema¬ 
 tician, XI. 745. Mirage explained by, XI. 
 628, 2 c. 
 
 Monghir [mon-gheer'], town of India, XI. 746. 
 Mongo John: see Canot, III. 720, 2 c. 
 
 Mongol, origin of the name, VII. 672,1 a; XV. 
 576, 1 b. 
 
 Mongolia, country of Asia, XI. 746. Surface, 
 
 1 c. Divisions and tribes, 2 a. Animals, 
 
 2 b. Soil and climate, 2 c. Inhabitants, 747, 
 
 1 a. Religion, 2 b. Trade, 2 c. Language, 
 
 748, 1 a. History, ib. 
 
 Mongolians, VI. 758, 1 b; XI. 747, 1 a; XVI. 
 42, 1 c. 
 
 Mongous [mon-goos'J: see Ichneumon, IX. 157, 
 
 2 c; Cobra de Capello, IV. 772, 2 be (mon¬ 
 goose) ; and Lemur, X. 339, 1 c. 
 
 Monhe'gan , Maine, settlement of, XVI. 151,1 b. 
 Mon'ica, mother of St. Augustine, II. 112, 1 b. 
 Moniteau [mon-e-to'], county, XI. 748. 
 Monitor, reptile, XI. 748. Nilotic monitor, 
 
 749, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Monitor: see Iron-clad Snips, IX. 381, 1 a, 
 385, 1 a. 
 
 Monitorial system , in schools, II. 498, 1 c. 
 Monjuich , Mount [mone- k hweech / ], II. 303, 1 c. 
 
 Fort of, 2 c. 
 
 Monk : see Monachism. 
 
 Monk, George, duke of Albemarle, English 
 general, XI. 749. Effects the restoration 
 of Charles II., 750, 1 ab. 
 
 Monk, James Henry, author, XI. 750. 
 Monkfish , I. 493, 1 b. 
 
 Monk saki (monkey), XI. 751, 2 c. 
 
 Monkey, XI. 750. New world monkeys, 2 a, ff. 
 Howlers, 2 ab. Brown howler, or araguato, 
 2 c (ill.). Sapajous, 'ib. Coaita, ib. (ill., 
 751). Spider monkey, 751, 1 a. Horned 
 sapajou, 1 b. Capuchin monkey, 1 c (ill.). 
 Squirrel monkey, 2 a. Couxio or black saki, 
 2 c. Monk saki, ib. Cacajao or black-headed 
 saki, ib. (ill.). Yarke, 752, 1 a.—Old world 
 monkeys, ib. Capped monkey, 1 b. King 
 monkey, 1 be. Proboscis monkey, 1 c (ill.). 
 Cochin-China monkey, 2 a. Entellus, 2 c 
 (ill.). Varied monkey, ib. Diana monkey, 
 753, 1 a (ill.). Mangabeys, 1 b; white-eye¬ 
 lid do., lbc. Green monkey, 1 b. Malbrouck, 
 ib. Of the eocene and miocene periods, 1 c. 
 —Fox-nosed monkeys, lion-tailed, &c.: see 
 Lemur, and Macaque. The only wild mon¬ 
 keys in Europe, VII. 799, 2 b. 
 
 Monkey bread , fruit, II. 290, 1 b. 
 
 Monkey cap, of a plant, III. 223, 2 c. 
 
 Monkey grass: see Palm, XIII. 21, 2 c. 
 
 Monks of St. Basil: see Basilian Monks. 
 Monkshood : see Aconite, I. 68, 1 a. 
 Monmouth [mon'-muth], county, XI. 753. 
 Monmouth, city of Illinois, XI. 753. 
 Monmouth, town of England, XI. 753. 
 Monmouth, Battle of, XI. 754. See Lafayette, 
 
 X. 96, 1 b ; Lee, Charles, 301, 1 b. 
 Monmouth, Geoffrey of: see Geoffrey. 
 Monmouth, James Scott, duke of, XI. 754. 
 Monmouthshire, county of England, XI. 755. 
 Monnard, Charles [muh-nar], Swiss author, 
 
 XI. 755. 
 
 Monnier, Henri Bonaventure [nmh-nya], 
 French author, XI. 755. 
 
 Monnier, Marc, author, XI. 755. 
 
 Monnier, Sogjhie, marchioness de, XI. 623, 2 a, be. 
 Monnier's method , in copper smelting, V.326,2 a. 
 Mono, county, XI. 755. Lake, 2 c; III. 601,1 c. 
 Monoc'acy river, Maryland, XI. 221, 2 be; 
 XIII. 773, 2 c. 
 
 Monod, Jean [mhh-no], French clergyman, XI. 
 756. Frederic Joel Jean Gerard, 1 a. Adolphe 
 Frederic Theodore, 1 b. 
 
 Mon'odon (zoology), XII. 148, 1 b. M. mono- 
 ceros, 1 c. 
 
 Monodo'ra myris'tica (botany), XII. 543, 2 ab. 
 Monody: see Chant, IV. 265, 1 a. 
 
 Monogatari, in Japanese literature, IX. 557, 2 c. 
 Monogenic elements , chemical, II. 87, 2 a; 88, 2 a. 
 Monogram, XI. 756 (ills.). 
 
 Monoleine [mon-o'-le-inj, (chemistry), XII. 614, 
 2 b. 
 
522 
 
 MONOLITH 
 
 MONTCALM 
 
 Monolith , largest known, X. 183, 2 ab. 
 
 Monomania : see Insanity, IX. 302, 1 be, 2 a. 
 
 Mono'na, county, XI. 756. 
 
 Monongaiie'la Kiver, XI. 756. 
 
 Monongalia, county, XI. 757. 
 
 Monophy'odonts, division of mammals, XV. 
 607, 1 a. 
 
 Monoph'ysites, religious sect, XI. 757. See 
 Eutyches ; Monothelites ; Byzantine Em¬ 
 pire, III. 514, 1 b-c, 2 a; and VIII. 800, 1 a. 
 
 Monophysitism , allusion to, I. 586, 1 b. 
 
 Monopleura , bivalves, IV. 237, 2 b. 
 
 Monop'oli, town of Italy, XI. 758. 
 
 Monotii'elites, religious sect, XI. 758. See 
 Byzantine Empire, III. 514, 1 c, 515, 1 a; 
 Eutyches, VI. 791, 2 a; and VIII. 800, 1 a. 
 
 Monotrem'ata, order of implacental mammals, 
 XI. 758; XII. 709, 1 c. 
 
 Monreale [-ra-a'-la], town of Sicily, XI. 758. 
 
 Monro, Alexander [mun-ro'], English anato¬ 
 mist, XI. 759. 
 
 Monroe, name of seventeen counties, XI. 759. 
 
 Monroe, city of Michigan, XI. 761. 
 
 Monroe , county seats, VIII. 225,1 c; XII. 738, 
 1 b; XVI. Ill, 2b; 444, 2 a. 
 
 Monroe, James, president of the United States, 
 XI. 761. In congress, 2 b. U. S. senator, 
 
 . 762, 1 a. Minister to France, ib. ; recalled, 
 1 b, I. 91, 2 b. Governor of Virginia, XI. 
 762, 1 b, 2 a. Envoy to France, 1 b. Min¬ 
 ister to England and to Spain, 1 be. Secre¬ 
 tary of state and of war, 2 a. President, 2 b. 
 Era of good feeling, 763, 1 a. Beelected, 
 1 ab. Missouri compromise, 1 b. Monroe 
 doctrine, ib. Characterization, 1 c. Liber¬ 
 ation of Paine obtained by him, XII. 792, 2 c. 
 
 Monrovia, capital of Liberia, X. 397, 1 ab. 
 
 Mons [mo ng s], city of Belgium, XI. 763. 
 
 Monseigneur [mo ng -sa-nyur], title, XI. 763. 
 
 Monserrat', mountain of Spain, XI. 763. 
 
 Monserrat : see Montserrat, island. 
 
 Mons Jovis , Juda'icus , II. 303, 1 c. 
 
 Mons Maledictus , Medius : see Montmedy. 
 
 Mons Meg , a cannon, VI. 406, 1 a. 
 
 Mons Setius , IV. 217, 2 c. 
 
 Mouseys : see Munsees. 
 
 Monsieur [muh-se-uli], title, XI. 764. 
 
 Monsignore [mone-se-nyo'-ra], title, III. 748, 
 2c; 749, 1 a. 
 
 Monsoon', a wind, XI. 764; XVI. 658, 1 c; 
 II. 526, 1 b. 
 
 Monster (monstrous birth), XI. 764. Hun¬ 
 garian sisters, 765, 2 a. Carolina sisters, ib. 
 Siamese twins, 2 c (ill., 766). Frequency of 
 
 monstrosities, 766, 2 be. Hereditary mon¬ 
 strosity, 2 c. See Teratology. 
 Monstrelet, Enguerrand de [mo ng -struh-la], 
 French chronicler, XI. 767. 
 
 Montagnais [mo ng -ta-nya] : see Nascapees. 
 Montagnards [mo ng -ta-nyar] : see Mountain , 
 political party (Index). 
 
 Mon'tagu, Basil, English lawyer, XI. 767. 
 Montagu, Edward Wortley, author, XI. 767. 
 Montagu, Elizabeth, authoress, XI. 767. 
 Montagu, Lady Mary Wortley, authoress, XL 
 767. See Pope, Alexander, XIII. 709, 1 b. 
 Montague [mon'-ta-gu], county, XI. 768. 
 Montague, Charles, earl of Halifax, British 
 statesman, XI. 768. 
 
 Montaigne, Michel, seigneur de [mo ng -tainy’], 
 French author, XI. 769; 811, 1 c. 
 Montalant, Mlle.[mo ng -ta-la ng ]: seeDAMOREAu. 
 Montalembert, Marc Bene de, marquis [mo ng - 
 ta-la ng -bair], French engineer, XI. 770. 
 Charles Forbes Bend de, count, statesman, 
 1 c; X. 84, 1 b ; 126, 1 a. 
 
 Montalto, Cardinal (Pope Sixtus V.), XV. 74,1 b. 
 Montalvan', Juan Perez de, Spanish dramatist, 
 XI. 771. 
 
 Montana [mon-ta'-na], territory, XI. 771. In¬ 
 dians, 2 b. Physical features, 2 c. Geology 
 and minerals, 772, 2 ab. Climate, 773, 1 b. 
 Productions, 2 a. Agriculture, 2 b. Gov¬ 
 ernment, &c., 774, 1 b. History, 2 b. 
 Montafia [mone-ta'-nya], plains, XIII. 335, 2 c. 
 Montanelli, Giuseppe, Italian revolutionist, 
 XI. 774. 
 
 Mon'tanists, religious sect, XI. 775. 
 Monta'nus : see Montanists. 
 
 Montanus, Arias : see Arias Montanus. 
 Montargis [mo ng -tar-zheece], town of France, 
 XI. 775. Dog of Montargis, 2 a. 
 
 Montasals, Mohammedan rationalists, XI. 697, 
 
 1 c. 
 
 Montauban [mo ng -to-ba ng ], France, XI. 775. 
 Montbar [mo ng -bar], buccaneer, III. 375, 1 c. 
 Montbeliard [mo ng -ba-lyar], France, XI. 775. 
 Mont Blano [mo ng bla ng ], highest of the Alps, 
 XI. 775 (ill., 776); I. 351, 2 c, 352, 2 c. See 
 IV. 245, 2 a (ill.). Glaciers of, ib. ; I. 352, 
 
 2 ab. 
 
 Montbrison [mo ng -bre-zo ng ], town of France, 
 XI. 776. 
 
 Montcalm [mont-kam'j, county, XI. 776. 
 Montcalm [Fr. mo ng -kalm], county of Canada, 
 XI. 777. 
 
 Montcalm de Candiao : see Candiac. 
 Montcalm de Saint-Veran, Louis Joseph, 
 
MONT CENTS 
 
 MONTJOYE 
 
 523 
 
 marquis de [mo ng -kalm dti.li sa ng -va-ra ng ], 
 French soldier, XI. 777. 
 
 Mont Cenis: see Cenis. 
 
 Mont de Marsan [mo" 8 dtih mar-sa ng ], town of 
 France, XI. 777. 
 
 Mont de Piete [pya-ta], XI. 777. Oldest in 
 Europe, VII. 119, 2 c. 
 
 Monte, Gian Maria del [mon'-ta], (Pope Julius 
 III.), IX. 712, 1 b. 
 
 Montebello, Italy, battle of, XI. 778. 
 
 Monte Casino: see Casino (Index). 
 
 Monte Cerboli [chair'-bo-le], Tuscany, III. 96,2 a. 
 
 Monte del Ilacho [a'-cho], ancient Abyla, IV. 
 218, 2 ab. 
 
 Monte Minardo, volcano, Sicily, VI. 762, 1 c. 
 
 Monte San Giuliano, VI. 722, 1 a (Eryx). 
 
 Monte di Sant ’ Oreste : see Soracte. 
 
 Monte di San Silvestro : see Soracte. 
 
 Monte Solaro , in Capri, III. 760, 2 ab. 
 
 Montecuccoli : see Montecucijli. 
 
 Monteououli, Raimondo, count [mon-ta-koo'- 
 koo-le], Austrian general, XI. 778. 
 
 Montefiore, Sir Moses [-fe-o'-re], Jewish phi¬ 
 lanthropist, XI. 779. 
 
 Montegut, Emile [mo ng -ta-gu], French author, 
 XI. 779. 
 
 Montelimart [-le-mar], France, XI. 799. 
 
 Montello , county seat, XI. 186, 2 a. 
 
 Montemayor , Jorgede [mone-ta-ma-yore'],Span¬ 
 ish poet, XIII. 743, 1 a; XV. 221, 1 a. 
 
 Montemolin, Count of [-mo-leen'J: see Carlos 
 III., III. 793, 1 c. 
 
 Montemorelos : see Morelos. 
 
 Monten, Dietrich, German artist, XI. 779. 
 
 Montenegro [mon-ta-na'-gro], principality of 
 European Turkey, XI. 779. History, 780,1 c. 
 
 Montepin, Xavier Aymon de [mo ng -ta-pa ng ], 
 French author, XI. 780. 
 
 Montepulciano [mon-ta-pool-cha'-no], wine, IX. 
 468, 2 a. 
 
 Monterey [mon-ta-ra'], county of California, 
 XI. 780. Town, 781, 1 ab. 
 
 Monterey , county seat, VIII. 722, 2 b. 
 
 Monterey, city of Mexico, XI. 781. Battle, 1 c. 
 
 Montesano [-sa'-no], county seat, IV. 354, 1 b. 
 
 Montespan, Fran<?oise Ath6nais de Rochechou- 
 art de Mortemart, marquise de [dtih mo ng -tes- 
 pa ng ], mistress of Louis XIV., XI. 781. 
 
 Montesquieu, Charles de Secondat, baron de 
 [mo ng -tes-kytih], French philosopher, XI. 781. 
 On political economy, XIII. 667, 2 b. 
 
 Monteverde, Claudio [mon-ta-vair'-da], Italian 
 composer, XI. 782; XII. 90, 1 ab. 
 
 Montevideo [Sp. mone-ta-ve-^a'-o], capital of 
 
 Uruguay, XI. 782 (view). Origin of name, 
 2 b ; XIII. 597, 1 a. 
 
 Montez, Lola: see Lola Montez. 
 
 Montezu'ma, two emperors of Mexico, XI. 
 
 783. Montezuma I., 2 c. Montezuma II., 
 
 784, 1 ab; V. 385, 2 be, ff. 
 
 Montezuma , county seat, XIII. 797, 1 c. 
 Montfaucon, Bernard de [mo ng -fo-ko ng ], French 
 
 scholar, XI. 784. 
 
 Montferrat', territory of Italy, XI. 784. 
 Mont'fort, Jean (IV.) de [Fr. mo ng -for], duke 
 of Brittany, XI. 784. 
 
 Montfort, Mathilde de, V. 790, 1 ab. See 
 Bonaparte, III. 29, 2 b. 
 
 Montfort, Simon de, French soldier, XI. 785. 
 His barbarities, 1 be; III. 777, 1 ab. Simon 
 de, earl of Leicester, XI. 785, 2 a. 
 Montgolfier, Stephen and Joseph [mo ng -gul- 
 fya]: see Aeronautics, I. 145, 2 c. 
 Montgomerie charter, of New York, XII. 408, 2 c. 
 Montgomery [mont-gum'-e-re], name of eight¬ 
 een counties, XI. 785. 
 
 Montgomery, capital of Alabama, XI. 787. 
 
 State capitol, 788, 1 ab (ill.). 
 
 Montgomery, county seat, XI. 786, 2 c. 
 Montgomery, James, English poet, XI. 788. 
 Montgomery, Richard, American general, XI. 
 789. 
 
 Montgomery, Robert, English poet, XI. 789. 
 Montgomeryshire, county of Wales, XI. 789. 
 Month, XI. 789 ; III. 578, 2 c. Lunar month, 
 XI. 789, 2 b, 798, 2 c; sidereal, 799, 1 a; 
 synodic, ib. Calendar months, 789, 2 be. 
 Montholon, Charles Tristan, count, afterward 
 marquis de [mo ng -ttih-lo ng ], French soldier, 
 XI. 789; III. 49, 1 b, c. 
 
 Montholon-Semonville [-sa-mo ng -veel]: see Mon¬ 
 tholon. 
 
 Monthyon : see Montyon. 
 
 Monti, Vincenzo, Italian poet, XI. 790; IX. 
 464, 1 a. 
 
 Monticello, home of Jefferson, IX. 589, 2 a. 
 Monticello, county seats, VI. 263, 2 b; IX. 
 571, 1 b; 586, 2 b ; X. 230, 1 b; 383, 2 a; 
 XIII. 494,1 c ; XV. 451, 1 b; XVI. 519, 2 b; 
 602, 2 be. 
 
 Montigny, Rose Marie Cizos Lemoine [mo ng -te- 
 nye]: see Cheri. 
 
 Monti Rossi , double hill, VI. 762, 1 c, 2 ab. 
 Montijo, Eugenie Marie de [Fr. mo ng -te-zbo; 
 Sp. mone-te'- k ho], wife of Napoleon III., III. 
 55, 1 a; 50, 2 c. 
 
 Montjoye Saint Denis [mo ng -zhwa sa ng dtih-ne], 
 French war cry, VI. 9, 2 a. 
 
524 
 
 MONTLOSIER 
 
 MOORE 
 
 Montlosier, Be [duh mo ng -luh-ze-a], (Francois 
 Dominique de Reynaud, count, 1755-1838), 
 his services to geology (on the volcanoes of 
 Auvergne, 1789) referred to, XII. 9, 1 b. 
 
 Montluqon [md ng -lu.-so ng ], France, XI. 790. 
 
 Montmagny [mo ng -ma-nye], county of Canada, 
 XI. 790. 
 
 Montmartre, hill [mo ng -martr’]: see Paris, 
 XIII. 79, 1 a. Origin of name, 89, 2 ab. 
 Votive church upon, 85, 2 ab. Boulevard 
 Montmartre, 79, 2 a, b. 
 
 Montmedy [mo ng -ina-de], France, XI. 790. 
 
 Montmorenci , river: see Montmorency. 
 
 Montmorency, county of Michigan, XI. 791. 
 
 Montmorency, county of Canada, XI. 791. 
 
 Montmorency [Fr. mo ng -muh-ra ng -se], river of 
 Canada, XI. 791. Falls, 1 ab. 
 
 Montmorency, town of France, XI. 791. 
 
 Montmorency, French feudal family, XI. 791. 
 Anne, duke de, 2 a. Henri II., duke de, 2 c. 
 Matthieu Jean Felicite, viscount, and duke 
 de Montmorency-Laval, 792, 1 a. 
 
 Montmorency, Francois de: see Bottteville. 
 
 Montmorency-Nivelle, line of, XII. 469, 2 b. 
 Philip II. de: see Horn, count. 
 
 Montorsoli, Angelo da , sculptor, I. 586, 2 b. 
 
 Montour [mon-toor'J, county, XI. 792. 
 
 Montpelier [mont-pe'-lyer], capital of Ver¬ 
 mont, XI. 792. State capitol, 2 ab (ill.). 
 
 Montpellier [mo ng -pa-lya], city of France, XI. 
 793. Edict of Montpellier, 1 c. 
 
 Montpensier, Anne Marie Louise d’Orleans, 
 duchess of [mo ng -pa ng -se-a], French princess, 
 XI. 793; X. 212, 2 b. 
 
 Montpensier, Antoine Marie Philippe Louis 
 d’Orleans, duke de, French prince, XI. 793. 
 
 Montrachet [mo ng -tra-sha], wine, VII. 413, 1 c. 
 
 Montreal [munt-re-awl'; Fr. Montreal , mo Dg - 
 tra-al], city of Canada, XI. 794 (view). Ori¬ 
 gin of name, 2 ab; IV. 41, 1 ab. 
 
 Montreux [mo ng -truh], commune of Switzer¬ 
 land, XI. 796. Village, 2 a. 
 
 Montrevel, marshal de [mo ng -truh-vel], his cruel 
 treatment of the Camisards, III. 657, 2 b. 
 
 Montrose', seaport of Scotland, XI. 796. 
 
 Montrose, county seat, XV. 494, 1 a. 
 
 Montrose, James Graham, marquis of, Scotch 
 soldier, XI. 796. 
 
 Montross , county seat, XVI. 569, 1 b. 
 
 Mont Royal [mo ng rwa-yal], (Montreal), IV. 41, 
 1 ab; XI. 794, 2 ab. 
 
 Mont St. Michel [sa ng me-shSl], tumulus of, at 
 Carnac, IV. 6, 1 c. 
 
 Montserrat', island, West Indies, XI. 797. 
 
 Montserrat , monastery of, II. 520, 1 c. See 
 Monserrat. 
 
 Montsoreau, countess of [mo ng -suh-ro]: see Bus- 
 sy d’Amboise, III. 485,1 a. 
 
 Montucla, Jean Etienne [mo ng -tu-kla], French 
 mathematician, XI. 797. 
 
 Mont yon, Antoine Jean Baptiste Robert Auget, 
 baron de [mo ng -te-6" g ], philanthropist, XI. 797. 
 
 Monument, the , London, X. 606, 2 b. 
 
 Monumentum Ancyranum, I. 470, 1 c. 
 
 Monza, city of Italy, XI. 798. Iron crown, 1 c. 
 
 Mood, in logic, X. 579, 1 b. 
 
 Moodie, Mrs. Susannah, English authoress, XV. 
 424, 2 b. 
 
 Moody, county, XI. 798. 
 
 Mooltan', city of India, XI. 798. Tomb of 
 Rookum Alum, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Moon, XI. 798. Shape and diameter, 2 c. Dis¬ 
 tance from the earth, and revolution round 
 it, ib. Mean synodical revolution, ib. Side¬ 
 real and synodic month, 799, 1 a. Positions 
 and phases, ib. Full moon (ill. from pho¬ 
 tograph), 1 c. Shape of her orbit, and her 
 librations, 1 c, 2 a. Irregular motions at dif¬ 
 ferent seasons, 2 b. Nodes, 2 be. Perigee, 
 2 c. Apsides, ib. Moon’s surface, 800, 1 a; 
 at first quarter (ill. from photograph), 1 c. 
 Mountain peaks, ib. Lunar photographs, 2 b. 
 Moon’s mass, 2 c. Lunar parallax, 801, 1 b. 
 Lunar heat, discovery of, 371, 2 b; measure¬ 
 ment of, II. 666, 2 b; influence on the earth’s 
 temperature, XI. 433, 2 b. Moon’s accelera¬ 
 tion, I. 55, 2 c. Spherical domain of earth 
 and moon, XIII. 570, 2 a. See Tides, XV. 
 738, 2 a, 739, 2 ab. 
 
 Moon fish, XV. 481, 1 b. 
 
 Moonwort, sporangia of, VII. 150, 2 c. 
 
 Moorcock, bird, XIV. 61, 1 c. 
 
 Moorcroft, William, English traveller, XI. 801. 
 
 Moore, two counties, XI. 801. 
 
 Moore, Alfred, American jurist, XI. 801. 
 
 Moore, Benjamin, bishop, XI. 801. Clement 
 Clarke, scholar, 2 b. 
 
 Moore, Edward, English poet, XI. 801. 
 
 Moore, Henry, Irish clergyman, XI. 802. 
 
 Moore, Jacob Bailey, American author, XI. 
 802. George Henry, author, 1 c. Frank, 
 editor, ib. 
 
 Moore, John, Scottish author, XI. 802. 
 
 Moore, Sir John, British general, XI. 802; V. 
 388, 1 c. 
 
 Moore, Nathaniel F., American scholar, XI. 803. 
 
 Moore, Richard Channing, bishop, XI. 803. 
 
 Moore, Thomas, Irish poet, XI. 803. 
 
MOORE 
 
 MORGAN 
 
 525 
 
 Moore, Zephaniah Swift, American clergy¬ 
 man, XI. 804; I. 424, 1 a. 
 
 Moorefeld , county seat, VIII. 455, 2 c. 
 
 Moore's test of urine , VI. 66, 2 be. 
 
 Moor Fowl : see Ptarmigan. 
 
 Moorish architecture , I. 661, 2 c. 
 
 Moors, race, XI. 804. Spanish tribute of 
 maidens abolished, I. 295, 2 a. 
 
 Moor's Indian charity school , V. 695, 2 b. 
 
 Moorshedabad', town of India, XI. 805. 
 
 Mooruk', bird, XI. 805 (ill.). 
 
 Moorzooh ', capital of Fezzan, VII. 172, 2 a. 
 
 Moose: see Elk, VI. 539, 1 ab (ill.). 
 
 Moosehead Lake, Maine, XI. 805. 
 
 Moose Wood: see Maple, XI. 139, 1 c, and 
 XVI. 615, 2 ab. 
 
 Moqtjis [mo'-kees], Indian tribe, XI. 806. 
 
 Moquette [mo-ket'], carpet, IV. 21, 2 c. 
 
 Mora, county, XI. 806. 
 
 Mora , county seat, XI. 806, 2 a. 
 
 Mora, Alberto de (Pope Gregory VIII.), VIII. 
 244, 2 be. 
 
 Mora stones, XVI. 218, 2 ab. 
 
 Moradabad', town of India, XI. 806. 
 
 Moraines, in glaciers, VII. 828, 2 be. 
 
 Morales, Luis de [mo-ra'-lace], Spanish painter, 
 XI. 806. 
 
 Morality, a form of the drama, VI. 246, 1 be. 
 See Miracles and Moralities. 
 
 Moral Philosophy, XI. 806. Elements of, 2 c. 
 Science of ethics, 807,2 ab. Christian ethics, 
 2 c. Among the Greeks, 808, 1 a; among 
 the early Christians, 810, 2 a; mediaeval, 2 c; 
 in the 16th and 17th centuries, 811, 1 c; in 
 the 18th century, 812, 1 ab; from close of 
 the 18th to the present day, 2 c; in Amer¬ 
 ica, 815, 2 a. 
 
 Moral plays, so styled, XI. 626, 1 a; 628, 1 b. 
 
 Moran', Thomas, American artist, XI. 816. 
 Peter, 1 c. Edward, 2 a. 
 
 Morat [muh-ra], town of Switzerland, XI. 816. 
 Lake, 2 ab. 
 
 Morat a, Olympia Fulvia [mo-ra'-ta], Italian 
 scholar, XI. 816. 
 
 Moratin, Nicolas Fernandez [mo-ra-teen'], 
 Spanish poet, XI. 816. Leandro Fernandez 
 de, dramatist, 2 c. 
 
 Moravia, margraviate of Austria, XL 817. 
 History, 2 b. 
 
 Moravians, religious denomination, XI. 818. 
 History, 1 a. Church polity, 819, 1 b; 820, 
 lb. Doctrines, 820,1 a. Numerical strength, 
 1 c. Schools, 2 a. Missions, 2 ab. In Amer¬ 
 ica, 1 c; XV. 227, 1 c. Time of celebrating 
 
 communion, X. 640, 2 a; self-communion of 
 the clergy, 2 c. 
 
 Morawa [mo-ra'-va], river: see March. 
 
 Mo'ray, Earl of: see Murray, James Stuart. 
 
 Moray, Sir Robert : see Murray. 
 
 Morayshire : see Elginshire. 
 
 Morazan, Francisco [mo-ra-san'], last presi¬ 
 dent of Central America, XI. 821. 
 
 Morbihan [mor-be-a ng ], department of France, 
 XI. 821. 
 
 Morchella [mor-kel'-la], (botany), VII. 532, 
 1 be. M. esculenta, XI. 824, 2 ab (ill.). M. 
 semilibera, 825, 1 a. 
 
 Mordants, XI. 821. See Dyeing, VI. 339, 1 c, 
 340, 1 ab; Calico Printing, III. 595, 1 c. 
 Methods of preparing and applying, 596, 2 b. 
 
 Mordaunt, Charles: see Peterborough, Earl of. 
 
 Mordvins, Finnish race, XI. 821; VII. 206, 2 c. 
 
 More, Sir Anthony : see Moro. 
 
 More, Hannah, English authoress, XI. 822. 
 
 More, Henry, philosopher, XI. 822. Deferred 
 to, XIII. 440, 2 be. 
 
 More, Sir Thomas, statesman, XI. 822. Re¬ 
 ferred to, VIII. 651, 1 b. His attacks upon 
 Tyndale, XVI. 90, 2 a. Implicated in the 
 imposture of the nun of Kent, XI. 823, 1 be ; 
 II. 352, 2 c. 
 
 More'a: see Peloponnesus. 
 
 Moreau, Jean Victor [muh-ro], French general, 
 XI. 823. 
 
 Moreau-Lislet, Louis [-le-la], a reviser of the 
 Louisiana code, X. 547, 1 ab. 
 
 Morecambebay [more'-kam], England, X. 134,1 b. 
 
 Morehouse, parish of Louisiana, XI. 824. 
 
 Morel', fungus, XI. 824 (ill.) ; VII. 532, 1 be. 
 
 Morelia [mo-ra'-le-a], city of Mexico, XI. 825. 
 
 Morell' (J. D., author of “View of Philosophy 
 in the 19th Century,” 1846, &c.), his defini¬ 
 tion of philosophy, XIII. 430, 1 b. 
 
 Morella, Count de [mo-ra'-lya]: see Cabrera, 
 Ramon. 
 
 Morelos [mo-ra'-loce], state of Mexico, XI. 825. 
 
 Morelos, city of Mexico, XI. 825. 
 
 Morelos, Jos6 Maria, revolutionist, XI. 825. 
 
 Moreto, Agustin [mo-ra'-to], Spanish drama¬ 
 tist, XI. 826. 
 
 Moretto, II: see Bonvicino. 
 
 Moreville, Huqh de , one of Becket’s murderers, 
 II. 441, 2 b. 
 
 Morfit, Campbell, American chemist, XI. 826. 
 
 Morgagni, Giovanni Battista [mor-ga'-nye], 
 Italian anatomist, XI. 826. Liquid of Mor¬ 
 gagni, V. 535, 1 b. 
 
 Morgan, name of ten counties, XI. 826. 
 
526 
 
 MORGAN 
 
 MORRISANIA 
 
 Morgan , county seats, III. 582, 2 c; XI. 827, 2 b. 
 
 Morgan, Daniel, American general, XI. 827. 
 
 Morgan, Sir Henry, buccaneer, XI. 828; III. 
 375, 2 ab. 
 
 Morgan, Lewis Henry, American author, XI. 
 828. 
 
 Morgan, Sydney, Lady, Irish authoress, XI. 
 828. Sir Thomas Charles, English author, 2 b. 
 
 Morgan, William: see Anti-Masonry. 
 
 Morgana : see Fata Morgana. 
 
 Morganat'ic Marriage, XI. 828. 
 
 Morganfleld , county seat, XVI. 112, 1 c. 
 
 Morgantown , county seats, III. 455, 2 b; 488, 
 2 b; XI. 757, 1 b. 
 
 Mor'garten, Switzerland, battle of, XI. 829. 
 
 Morgen [mor'-ghen], German acre, I. 72, 2 c. 
 
 Morgenstern, Christian, painter, XI. 829. 
 
 Morghen, Raffaelle Sanzio, Italian engraver, 
 XI. 829; VI. 649, 1 c. 
 
 Morgue [morg], place for exhibiting unknown 
 corpses, XI. 829. 
 
 Morhof, Daniel Georg [mor'-hofe], German 
 scholar, XI. 830. 
 
 Moriah, Mount: see Jerusalem, IX. 614, 1 c. 
 
 Moriche [mo-re'-cha], palm, XIII. 19, 1 b. 
 
 Morier, James [mo'-re-er], English author, XL 
 830. 
 
 Morigia [mo-re'-ja], (Jacopo Antonio, 1497- 
 1546, first provost of the Barnabites), II. 
 318, 2 c. 
 
 Morike, Eduard [mo'-re-k&h], German poet, 
 XI. 830. 
 
 Morin [muh-ra ng ], (Arthur Jules, born 1795, 
 French general and physicist, director from 
 1852 of the Conservatoire des Arts et Me¬ 
 tiers, Paris), his experiments in regard to 
 friction, VII. 491, 1 be; XVI. 591, 2 c. 
 His apparatus for measuring the motion of 
 falling bodies, XI. 320, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Morin (Jean Baptiste, 1583-1656, called the 
 last of the astrologers), his attempts to mea¬ 
 sure the fixed stars accurately, XV. 624, 2 a; 
 the first to gain sight of stars in the day¬ 
 time, ib. 
 
 Morine [mo'-rin], crystalline substance, VII. 
 547, 1 c. 
 
 Moriscoes , persecution of in Spain, XI. 805, 
 1 a; XV. 212, 2 ab, b. 
 
 Moritannic acid , XV. 567, 1 c. 
 
 Morlacca , coast and strait, Adriatic, XI. 831,1 a. 
 
 Morlaks, a Slavic people, XI. 831. 
 
 Morland, George, English painter, XI. 831. 
 
 Morley, Henry, author, XI. 831. 
 
 Morley, John, author, XI. 831. 
 
 Morley, Thomas, composer, XI. 831; XII. 89,1 b. 
 Mormons, XI. 831. Book of Mormon, 832, 
 lb; its real origin, 833, 1 b. Establishment 
 of Mormon church, 834, 1 ab. Settlement 
 in Ohio, 1 be; in Missouri, 2 b; in Illinois, 
 835, 1 b; in Utah, 836, 1 be. Introduction 
 of polygamy by Smith, 835, 2 b; revived by 
 Young, XVI. 795, 2 a. Church polity and 
 doctrines, XI. 837,1 ab. See Utah. Dissent¬ 
 ing branch established: see Beaver Islands. 
 Mornay, Philippe de, French soldier, XI. 837. 
 Morny, Charles Auguste Louis Joseph de, duke, 
 statesman, XI. 838. Referred to, XIII. 329, 
 
 1 c; III. 50, 2 a. 
 
 Moro , scientist, his views of geology, VII. 688,1 c. 
 Moro, Attoni, Flemish painter, XI. 838. 
 
 Moro , II (Ludovico Sforza), XIV. 806, 2 b ; 
 XI. 295, 2 c, 296, 1 a. 
 
 Morocco, sultanate of Africa, XI. 838. De¬ 
 scription, 2 c. Productions, 839, 2 b. In¬ 
 habitants, 840, 1 be. Occupations, 841, 1 a. 
 Government, 2 ab. History, 842, 1 b. 
 Morocco, city, XI. 842 (view, 843). 
 
 Morocco , leather, X. 271, 1 c. Coloring of, I. 
 366, 1 b. 
 
 Morpeth , Lord: see Carlisle, III. 792, 2 ab. 
 Morpheus [mor'-fuce], in mythology, XI. 843. 
 Morphia : see Opium, XII. 648, 1 e, 2 be. 
 
 Bimeconate of, 649, 1 be. Its action, 1 c. 
 Morphine [mor'-fin], (synonyme of morphia), 
 discovery of, I. 322, 2 a. Its absorption by 
 a raw surface, II. 724, 1 c. 
 
 Morphnus (ornithology), VI. 350, 1 b. M. uru- 
 bitinga, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Morpholoqical characters: see Species, XV. 
 234, 1 b. 
 
 Morphology of the flower, in plants, XIII. 588,1 b. 
 Morphy, Paul Charles, American lawyer and 
 chess player, XI. 844. 
 
 Mor'rhua (ichthyology), IV. 792, 2 be. M. 
 Americana, ib. (ill.). M. vulgaris, 793, 1 a 
 M. tomcodus, 1 b. M. seglefinus, VIII. 367, 
 
 2 be (ill.). 
 
 Morris, two counties, XI. 844. 
 
 Morris, city of Illinois, XI. 844. 
 
 Morris, Charles, American naval officer, XI. 844. 
 Morris, George P., journalist and poet, XI. 844. 
 Morris, Gouverneur, statesman, XI. 845. 
 Morris, Lewis, signer of the Declaration of In¬ 
 dependence, XI. 845. 
 
 Morris, Robert, financier, XI. 845. 
 
 Morris, Thomas A., bishop, XI. 846. 
 
 Morris, William, English poet, XI. 846. 
 Morrisania , part of New York, XII. 374,1 a, c, 
 
MORRISBURG 
 
 MOSENTHAL 
 
 527 
 
 Morrisburg, county seat, VI. 313, 1 c. 
 
 Morris Dance, XI. 846. 
 
 Morrison, county, XI. 847. 
 
 Morrison , county seat, XVI. 608, 2 a. 
 Morrison, Robert, English missionary, XI. 847; 
 IV. 459, 2 c. 
 
 Morristown, village of New Jersey, XI. 847. 
 
 State insane asylum, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Morristown , county seat, VIII. 410, 1 b. 
 Morrisville , county seat, X. 819, 2 b. 
 
 Morrow, county, XI. 848. 
 
 Morrow, Jeremiah, American statesman, XI. 
 848. 
 
 Morse : see Walrus. 
 
 Morse, Edward S., American naturalist, XI. 
 848. His investigations into the nature of 
 the annelida, I. 533, 2 c; of brachiopoda, III. 
 178, 1 a-c, 373, 2 a; of the dentalium, VI. 
 21, 1 a; of molluscoids, XI. 724, 2 a, and 
 XVI. 834, 2 be. Anatomical theory of, 
 
 XIII. 429,1 ab. (Professor in Japan, 1877.) 
 Morse, Jedidiah, geographer, XI. 848. Sam¬ 
 uel Finley Breese, artist and inventor, 849, 
 1 a. Invention of the electric telegraph, 1 c; 
 XV. 611, 2 b: see Jackson, Charles Thomas. 
 Sidney Edwards, journalist, XI. 850, 1 c. 
 
 Morse telegraph instrument, XV. 612,1 a (ills.) ; 
 alphabet, 2 c. 
 
 Mortality , rate of, I. 181, 2 c, 182, 1 a. Sta¬ 
 tistics of, in the U. S. census, IV. 198, 1 a. 
 
 “ Mortality, the great,' 1 ' 1 so styled, XV. 501, 2 b. 
 Mortar: see Artillery, I. 785, 1 b, 2 a (ill.), 
 786, 2 be; Cannon, III. 706, 1 c. Coehorn 
 mortars, 707, 1 be, I. 786, 2 c (ill.); 13-inch 
 mortar (ill.), 791, 1 a. 
 
 Mortar, for building, IV. 181, 2 b. Setting 
 and hardening of, 2 c. Ancient mortars, 
 composition of, 186, 2 ab. 
 
 Mortar boat , XII. 187, 1 b. 
 
 Mortgage [mor'-ghij], in law, XI. 850. See 
 Chancery, IV. 258, 2 c. 
 
 Mortier, Fdouard Adolphe Casimir Joseph, 
 duke of Treviso [mor-te-a], French soldier, 
 XI. 852. 
 
 “ Mortier 1 s Bible' 1 ' 1 (so called from the name of 
 its editor): see Martin, David, XI. 209, 2 be. 
 Mortification : see Gangrene. 
 
 Mortimer, Roger, earl of March, XI. 852; 
 
 XIV. 314, 1 ab; VI. 435, 1 a. 
 
 Mortmain, in law, XI. 853. Statutes of, 1 c, 
 
 ff.; I. 434, lb; IV. 258, 1 c ; V. 150, 2 a. 
 Morton, county, XI. 854. 
 
 Morton, physicist, his investigations and dis¬ 
 coveries in fluorescence, VII. 291, 1 ab, be. 
 
 Morton, James Douglas, earl of, regent of 
 Scotland, XI. 854. 
 
 Morton, John, a signer of the Declaration of 
 Independence, XI. 854. ( 
 
 Morton, Nathaniel, secretary of Plymouth 
 colony, XI. 854. 
 
 Morton, Samuel George, American physician, 
 XI. 854. On human crania, 855, 1 a; VI. 
 753, 2 c. 
 
 Morton, William Thomas Green, dentist, XI. 
 855. Introduction of anesthetics into sur¬ 
 gery by him, 1 b. See Anaesthetics, I. 453 ? 
 2 b ; Jackson, Charles Thomas, IX. 495,1 c; 
 and Wells, Horace. 
 
 Mortuary houses, III. 454, 2 be. Introduction 
 of the system, IX. 31, 2 c. 
 
 Morum prcefecti: see Censor, IV. 191, 1 b. 
 Morus (ornithology), III. 73, 1 a. 
 
 Morus (botany), XII. 28, 2 a. M. rubra, 2 ab. 
 M. nigra, 2 c (ill.). M. alba, 29, 1 b; mul- 
 ticaulis, 1 c. M. tinctoria, VII. 547, 1 be 
 (synonyme, Maclura tinctoria, XII. 715,1 a). 
 Morveau: see Guyton de Morveau. 
 
 Mosa : see Meuse, river. 
 
 Mosa'io, a kind of inlaid work, XI. 856. 
 
 Mosaic gold , an alloy, XV. 760, 1 a. 
 
 Mosaic law : see Hebrews, VIII. 583, 2 c. 
 Mosaic process, for sword blades, V. 653, 2 c. 
 Mosander , chemist: see Erbium. 
 
 Mosasaurus, fossil reptile, XI. 857 (ill., 858); 
 749, 1 b. 
 
 Moscheles, Ignaz [mo'-shell-less], German com¬ 
 poser, XI. 858. 
 
 Moscm [mos'-ke], ancient people of Asia, XI. 
 858 ; IX. 566, 2 c. 
 
 Moschus [mos'-kus], Greek poet, XI. 858. 
 Moscow [mos'-ko], Russian government, XI. 
 858. Capital city, 2 c. The Kremlin, 859, 
 1 a, c (ill.); sacred gate of (ill.), 860. Kitai- 
 Gorod, 860, 2 a. Bieloi Gorod, 2 be. Zem- 
 lianoi Gorod, 861, 1 a. Slobodi, 1 ab. Edu¬ 
 cational establishments, 1 c. Commerce and 
 manufactures, 2 b. History, 862,1 a. Fires 
 in, 1 ab; V. 236, 1 c; XIV. 446, 2 c. 
 “ School of,” in literature, XIV. 497, 2 c. 
 Mo'sel, river : see Moselle. 
 
 Moseley, Henry, English scientific writer, XI. 
 
 862 . 
 
 Moselle', river of Europe, XI. 862. 
 
 Moselle Wines: see Germany, Wines of, VII. 
 
 775, 1 c; sparkling, 2 ab. 
 
 Mo'sen, Julius, German poet, XI. 862. 
 Mosenthal, Salomon Hermann [mo'-zen-tal], 
 dramatist, XI. 862. (Died 1877.) 
 
528 
 
 MOSER 
 
 MOULTRIE 
 
 Moser , on roric figures, XIV. 427, 2 c. Mo¬ 
 ser’s images, 428, 1 ab. 
 
 Moser, George Michael, English enameller, XI. 
 862. Mary (Lloyd), painter, 2 c. 
 
 Moser, Johann Jakob, German jurist, XI. 862. 
 Friedrich Karl von (baron), publicist, 863,1 a. 
 
 Moser, Justus, author, XI. 863. 
 
 Moses : see Hebrews, VIII. 583, 1 c. 
 
 “Moses, a ” (Bass-Terre lighter), II. 371, 2 b. 
 
 Moses of Chore'ne, Armenian author, I. 727, 2 a. 
 
 Mosheim, Johann Lorenz von [moce'-hime], 
 German ecclesiastical historian, XI. 863. 
 
 Moshesh , chief of the Bassutos, II. 372, 2 a. 
 
 Moskva: see Moscow. 
 
 Moskva, Battle of the : see Borodino, III. 106, 
 1 b. Prince of, ib. 
 
 Moslem (corruption of Muslim): see Moham¬ 
 med, XI. 694, 1 b; Mohammedanism, 696, 2 c. 
 
 Mosque [mosk], Mohammedan place of wor¬ 
 ship, XI. 863. Mosques in Jerusalem, IX. 
 615, 1 a; the great mosque, 1 ab (ill., 614). 
 
 Mosquito [mus-ke'-to]: see Gnat. 
 
 Mosquito Coast : see Nicaragua, XII. 424, 
 1 a, 425, 2 a. 
 
 Moss: see Mosses. Black, long, or Spanish, 
 XV. 754, 1 a (ill.); referred to, I. 228, 2 b. 
 
 Moss agate , or Mocha stone, I. 178, 2 ab. 
 
 Moss animals : see Bryozoa. 
 
 Mossbunker , fish, XI. 388, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Mosseilama [mos-sa-la'-ma], leader of a Moham¬ 
 medan sect, I. 41, 1 c. 
 
 Mosses, XI. 863. Leaves, 864, 1 ab. Floral 
 organs, 1 c (ills.). Fructification, 865, 1 b. 
 Peat moss, 2 be (ill.). Distribution of mosses, 
 866, 1 ab. Writers on, 1 be. Club mosses: 
 see Lycopodium. 
 
 Moss locust , tree, X. 572, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Moss pink , plant, XIII. 450, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Mossul: see Mosul. 
 
 Most Holy Redeemer , congregation of the, X. 
 467, 2 b. 
 
 Mostar', capital of Herzegovina, XI. 867. 
 
 Mosul', town of Asiatic Turkey, XI. 867. 
 
 Motagua, Rio [re'-o mo-ta'-gwa]: see Gua¬ 
 temala, VIII. 289, 2 ab. 
 
 Motawakkel , last Abbasside caliph, I. 7, 1 c. 
 
 Motella (ichthyology), X. 506, 2 b. 
 
 Moth, insect, XI. 867. Spinners, 2 c (ills., 
 868, 869). Owlet moths, 869, 2 c. Geome- 
 trse, 870, 1 a. Delta moths, ib. Leaf-rollers, 
 1 ab. Tineae (household moths, &c.), 1 c.— 
 Fecundity of moths, IX. 313,1 be. Instinct 
 of self-protection, 2 be. Bee or wax moth, 
 II. 456, 2 b; 467, 2 be. Angoumois grain 
 
 moth, XVI. 589, 1 c, 2 b. Corn moth, 1 c. 
 Wheat moth, ib. Moth of the canker worm, 
 III. 703, 1 c. Delta moth, XI. 302, 1 c. 
 Glaucopidian moth, VIII. 533, 2 b. Hum¬ 
 ming-bird moth, 532, 2 a. Hawk moth, 1 c. 
 Motiie Cadillac : see Cadillac. 
 
 “ Mother ,” of vinegar, XVI. 360, 1 a. 
 
 Mother Ann: see Lee, Ann, X. 298, 1 c. 
 Mother Carey’s Chicken: see Petrel, XIII. 
 365, 2 ab. 
 
 Mother of the Gods , temple of (site), II. 59, 2 c. 
 Mother houses , of deaconesses, V. 725, 1 c, 2 a. 
 Mother liquor , of salt brine, III. 307, 2 be; 
 XIV. 578, 2 ab. 
 
 Mother of Pearl: see Pearl, XIII. 214, 2 b, 
 and V. 203, 1 c. 
 
 Mother of thousands , plant, XIV. 657, 1 a. 
 Motherwell, William, Scottish poet, XI. 870. 
 Motherwort, plant, XL 871 (ill.). 
 
 Motion: see Mechanics, XI. 318, 1 a, if.; 
 IX. 99, 1 b, be. 
 
 Motley, John Lothrop, American historian, XI. 
 
 871 ; XVI. 194, 1 a. (Died 1877.) 
 
 Motmot, bird, XI. 872 (ill.). 
 
 Motobri Norinaga [mo-to-o'-re no-re-na'-ga], 
 Japanese author, IX. 565, 1 a. 
 
 Motril [mo-treel'J, town of Spain, XL 872. 
 Mott, Lucretia, American philanthropist, 
 XII. 5. 
 
 Mott, Valentine, surgeon, XII. 5. 
 
 Motte Cadillac : see Cadillac. 
 
 Motteville, Frangoise Bertaut de [mut-veel], 
 French authoress, XII. 6. 
 
 Mottez, Victor Louis [mut-ta], painter, XII. 6. 
 Mott Haven , part of New York, XII. 374, 1 ab. 
 Mouchard , Marie Anne Frangoise [moo-shar]: 
 
 see Beauharnais, Fanny. 
 
 Moufette , animal, referred to, II. 212, 1 c. 
 Moufflon : see Sheep, XIV. 836, 2 ab. 
 
 Mould, Jacob Wrey, American architect, XII. 6. 
 Moulding flask: see Casting, IV. 75, 2 c (ill.). 
 Moulding loft: see Ship, XIV. 862, 1 c. 
 Moulding pan, in electrotyping, XIII. 851, 1 b. 
 Moulinets [moo-le-na], in fencing, VII. 121, 2 be. 
 Moulins [moo-la ng ], town of France, XII. 6. 
 
 Edict of, XIII. 182, 2 b; X. 394, 1 a. 
 Moulmein [mool-main']: see Maulmain. 
 Moulting , of fowls, VII. 106, 1 c ; V. 184, 2 a. 
 Moulton [mole'-tun], county seat, X. 230, 1 b. 
 Moulton, Louise Chandler, American author¬ 
 ess, XII. 6. 
 
 Moultrie [mole'-tre], county, XII. 6. 
 
 Moultrie , county seat, V. 112, 2 a. 
 
 Moultrie, Fort, XII. 6. 
 
MOULTRIE 
 
 MOZART 
 
 529 
 
 Moultrie, William, American soldier, XII. 7. 
 Mound Bird : see Brush Turkey. 
 Mound-builders , ancient American race, I. 392, 
 1 be. Sewer constructions of, referred to, 
 
 XIV. 796, 2 ab. 
 
 Mound City, county seat, XIV. 78, 2 a. 
 Mounds : see American Antiquities. 
 Moundsyille, town of West Virginia, XII. 7. 
 Mount, William Sidney, American painter, 
 XII. 7. 
 
 Mountain, XII. 8. Mountain systems, 1 ab. 
 Slopes, 2 b. Orography, 2 c. Structure of 
 mountains, 9, 2 b. Geological age of, 10,1 b. 
 Mountain, the (Montagnards ), political party, 
 
 VII. 388, la; 825, 2 b. 
 
 Mountain, Jacob, Canadian bishop, XII. 10. 
 
 George Jehoshaphat, bishop, 2 a. 
 
 Mountain blue , color, II. 757, 1 b. 
 
 Mountain cork: see Asbestus, I. 803, 1 a. 
 Mountain house , in the Catskills, IV. 126, 1 a. 
 Mountain leather: see Asbestus, I. 802, 2 c. 
 Mountain river , British America, X. 791, 1 b. 
 Mountains of the Moon, Africa, XII. 10. 
 Mountain Sheep Eaters , Indian tribe, XV. 6, 2 a. 
 Mountain tea (wintergreen), XVI. 674, 2 ab. 
 Mountain View , county seat, XV. 399, 1 c. 
 Mountain whortleberry (June berry), IX. 713,2 c. 
 Mount Auburn, cemetery: see Cambridge 
 (Mass.), III. 642, 2 a. Rounder of, II. 631,1 c. 
 Mount Ayr , county seat, XIV. 338, 2 b. 
 
 Mount Bagistanus : see Behistun. 
 
 Mount Carmel , county seat, XVI. 414, 2 b. 
 Mount Carroll , county seat, IV. 30, 1 c. 
 Mount Desert', island of Maine, XII. 10. 
 Mount Clemens , county seat, X. 802, 2 c. 
 Mount Everest: see Himalaya Mountains, 
 
 VIII. 732, 1 be (ill., 731). 
 
 Mountford, William, American clergyman, 
 XII. 11. 
 
 Mount Gilead, county seat, XI. 848, 1 b. 
 Mount Ida , county seat, XI. 787, 1 a. 
 
 Mount Lebanon, Shaker settlement, XII. 313,1 a. 
 Mount Mori'ah, Jerusalem, IX. 614, 1 c. 
 
 Mount Moriah, county seat, XII. 269, 2 b. 
 Mount Olive, county seat, IX. 478, 2 b. 
 
 Mount Olivet , county seat, XIV. 357, 1 a. 
 Mount Orgueil castle [or-guhy’J, island of Jer¬ 
 sey, IX. 610, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Mount Pleasant, town of Iowa, XII. 11. 
 Mount Pleasant, county seats, IX. 422, 1 a; 
 
 XV. 775, 2 b. 
 
 Mountraille [mown-trail'], county, XII. 11. 
 Mount Saint Elias: see Alaska, I. 241, 1 a. 
 Mount Seir [se'-er], (Edom), VI. 409, 1 be. 
 
 34 
 
 Mount Sterling, county seats, III. 335,1 a; XI. 
 787, 1 b. 
 
 Mountstuart, Baroness, III. 487, 2 b. 
 
 Mount Tabor-, Bohemia, XVI. 829, 2 c. 
 
 Mount Tabor, county seat, XV. 467, 2 be. 
 
 Mount Vernon, homo of Washington, XII. 
 11 (ill.). Origin of the name, XVI. 483,1 ab. 
 
 Mount Vernon, city of Ohio, XII. 12. Town 
 of Indiana, 1 c. 
 
 Mount Vernon, county seats, IX. 587, 2 c; X. 
 32, 2 a; 231, la; XI. 786, 2 ab; XIII. 747, 
 2 a; XIV. 367, 1 be. 
 
 “ Mount Vernon Papers: ” see Everett, Ed¬ 
 ward, VI. 800, 2 a. 
 
 Mount Wingen (Burning Mountain), Australia, 
 III. 290, 2 c. 
 
 Mourning, XII. 12. In ancient times, 1 c; in 
 modern, 13, 1 a« “Second mourning,” 2 b. 
 Court mourning, 2 c. Public mourning, ib. 
 
 Mouse, animal, XII. 14. Murine group, 1 b. 
 House mouse, 1 c (ill.). Albino or white 
 mice, 2 a; singing, ib. European harvest 
 mouse, 2 be (ill.) ; American, 15, 1 a. Ameri¬ 
 can mice, 14, 2 c. Deer mouse, 15,1 be (ill.). 
 Hamster mouse, VIII. 433, 2 ab. Jumping 
 mouse, IX. 606, 1 b. See Meadow Mouse. 
 
 Mouse deer , so styled, XII. 95, 2 c. 
 
 Mouse-ear , plant, VII. 320, 1 a. 
 
 JTowssew:c[moos-shh], (champagne), VII. 413,2 b. 
 
 Mouton, Georges [moo-to ng ]: see Lobau. 
 
 Moutouck, insect, XI. 292, 1 a. 
 
 Movable plugs, in heart and brain disease, VIII. 
 561, 2 c; III. 198, 2 a. 
 
 Movement cure, origin of, X. 506, 2 c. 
 
 Movers, Franz Karl [mo'-verce], German ori¬ 
 entalist, XII. 15. 
 
 Mow att (Ritchie), Anna Cora, American au¬ 
 thoress and actress, XII. 15. 
 
 Mower, county, XII. 16. 
 
 Mowing and Reaping Machines; XII. 16 (ills.). 
 
 Moxa, a counter-irritant, XII. 18; I. 773, 2 c. 
 
 Moxos [mo'- k hoce], South American Indians, 
 XII. 18; III. 10, 2 b. See Maipures. 
 
 Moxos plain, Bolivia, III. 12, 2 be. 
 
 Mozaffer Eddin, emir of Bokhara,. II. 8; 1 ab, 
 
 Mozambique [mo-zam-beek'], region in Africa, 
 XII. 18. Capital city, 19, 1 a (view). 
 
 Mozambique Channel, XII. 19. 
 
 Mozambique current , IX. 244, 2 ab. 
 
 Mozarabes, Christians of Andalusia, I. 296, 2 a. 
 
 Mo'zart, Johann Georg Leopold [Ger. mo'- 
 tsart], German musician, XII. 19. Johannes' 
 Chrysostomus Wolfgang Amadeus (Wolf¬ 
 gang), composer, 2 c. Residence in Vienna, 
 
530 
 
 MOZIER 
 
 MULGRAVE 
 
 22,1 a. “ Marriage of Figaro,” 2 a. “ Don 
 Giovanni,” 2 b. “ Magic Flute,” 23, 1 c, 
 2 be. “Requiem,” 2 a, ab, c. Number of 
 his works, 24,1 b. Character of his genius, 
 
 1 c; 91, 2 b; 92, 2 ab. 
 
 Mozier, Joseph [mo'-zher], American sculptor, 
 XII. 24. 
 
 Mozley, James Bowling, English clergyman, 
 
 XII. 25. 
 
 Mozza, torre [tor'-ra mot'-sa], (leaning tower of 
 Bologna), III. 18, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Mpongo, Mpongwe: see Gaboon. Mpongwe 
 dialect, I. 171, 1 c. 
 
 “ Mrs. Pollock ,” geranium, "VII. 733, 1 a. 
 
 MS. D, Beza’s codex, II. 603, 2 a. 
 
 Mtzensk, town of Russia, XII. 25. 
 
 Muahids: see Druses, YI. 272, 2 b. 
 
 Mucilage , gummy substance, VIII. 320, 1 b. 
 Mucius Sc^evola : see Sojevola. 
 
 Muck , fertilizing material, I. 196, 1 ab; XIII. 
 218, 1 a. 
 
 Muck, running a: see Amuck. 
 
 Muck bar, in iron manufacture, IX. 401, 1 c. 
 Mucke, Heinrich Karl Anton [muk'-k&h], Ger¬ 
 man painter, XII. 25. 
 
 Muckross , lake: see Killarney, IX. 832, 2 a. 
 Mucor mucedo , fungus, XVI. 776, 2 c. M. ra- 
 cemosus, ib. (ill., 777). 
 
 Mucosine [mu'-ko-sin]: see Mucus, XII. 25, 2 a. 
 Mucous Membrane : see Membrane, XI. 377, 
 
 2 a; also Epithelium, Gland, and Intestine, 
 IX. 323, 2 c. Of the stomach, XV. 396,1 ab. 
 
 Mucu'na pru'riens (botany), V. 441, 2 b. 
 Mucus, animal secretion, XII. 25; 569, 2 c; 
 570, 1 a. 
 
 Mud creeper , fish, X. 556, 1 a. 
 
 Mud Eel: see Siren, XV. 68, l.bc. 
 
 Mud Fish, XII. 25 (ill.). Others, X. 360, 1 b; 
 IV. 110, 1 a. 
 
 Mud Hen: see Coot, V. 312, 2 ab. 
 
 Mudie, Robert, British author, XII. 26. 
 
 Mudir [moo-deer'], Egyptian governor, VI. 
 456, 1 c; 457, 1 a. 
 
 Mud lakes , in Nevada, XII. 264, 1 be. 
 
 Mud puppy, batrachian so styled, XI. 391, 2 a. 
 Mudsills , term of contempt, VIII. 428, 1 c. 
 Mud theatre , so styled, I. 270, 2 a. 
 
 Mud volcanoes, XVI. 399, 1 c; of California, 
 III. 607, 1 b; of Sicily, VII. 825, 1 b; of 
 Java, IX. 574, 1 c. 
 
 Muez'zin, mosque officer, XII. 26 ; XI. 698,1 c. 
 Muffle, for assaying, II. 27, 1 b; for pottery, 
 
 XIII. 792, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Muffling (Friedrich Karl Ferdinand, baron, 
 
 1775-1851, author of several military works), 
 Bliicher’s quartermaster general, II. 751,1 b; 
 754, 1 c; 756, 2 a. 
 
 Mufti, Mohammedan officer, XII. 26. Grand 
 mufti, 2 ab: see Ulema. 
 
 Muggar (crocodile), VII. 611, 1 a. 
 
 Mugge, Theodor [miig'-geh], German author, 
 XII. 26. 
 
 Muggleton, Ludowick, English fanatic, XII. 26. 
 Muggletonians: see Muggleton. 
 
 Mughs, aborigines of Aracan, I. 626, 2 b. 
 Mugil (ichthyology), XII. 36, 2 a. M. lineatus, 
 2 c (ill.), and other species. 
 
 Mugil'idee (ichthyology), XII. 36, 1 c. 
 Muhamedes Aractensis: see Albategnius. 
 Muhlbach, Luise [mtil'-ba k h]: see Mundt, 
 Klara. 
 
 Muhlberg [-bairg], Prussia, battle of, XII. 27. 
 Muhldorf, Battle of : see Ampfing. 
 Muhlenberg, Peter John Gabriel [mu'-len- 
 burg], American clergyman and general, XII. 
 
 27. Henry Melchior, founder of the German 
 Lutheran church in America, 1 b. Gotthilf 
 Henry Ernst, clergyman and botanist, 1 c. 
 William Augustus, clergyman, 2 a (died 1877). 
 
 Muhlenburg, county, XII. 27. 
 
 Muhlhausen [mul'-how-zen], town of Alsace- 
 Lorraine, XII. 27. 
 
 Muhlhausen, town of Prussia, XII. 28. 
 MuHLHEiM-ON-TnE-RniNE, Prussia, XII. 28. 
 MuHLHEiM-oN-THE-RunR, Prussia, XII. 28. 
 Muir, John [mure], British orientalist, XII. 
 
 28. Sir William, governor, 1 c. 
 
 Muk-a-mur , species of toadstool, XV. 17, 2 b. 
 Mukden [mook-den'], Mantchooria, XI. 126,2 be. 
 Mukhtar [mook'-tar], Turkish officer, XVI. 
 
 59, 1 c. 
 
 Mulatto : see Negro, XII. 217, 1 b. 
 Mulberry, tree, XII. 28. Red mulberry, 2 ab; 
 black, 2 c (ill.); white, 29, 1 b; paper, 2 ab 
 (ill.). Color of the fruit, legendary theory 
 respecting, XIV. 107, 2 b. See Silkworm, 
 XV. 44, 2 c. 
 
 Mulberry calculus: see Calculi, III. 570, 1 b. 
 Mul'der, Gerardus Johannes, Dutch chemist, 
 XII. 30. 
 
 Mule : see Ass, II. 23, 1 b, and IX. 102, 2 be. 
 Mule Deer: see Deer, V. 760, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Mule, or mule jenny, cotton-spinning machine, 
 V. 412, 1 a. 
 
 Muley-Malek, sultan of Morocco, XIV. 742, 2 c. 
 Muley-Mohammed, sultan, XIV. 742, 2 c. 
 Mulgrave, Constantine John Phipps, lord, 
 English navigator, XII. 30. Henry Phipps 
 
MULGRAVE 
 
 Munich 
 
 531 
 
 earl of, and Viscount Normanby, states¬ 
 man, 1 c. 
 
 Mulgraye, John Sheffield, earl of: see Buck¬ 
 ingham, or Buckinghamshire, Duke of. 
 
 Mulgraye Islands, N. Pacific ocean, XII. 30. 
 
 Mulhar Roio IlolJcar , Mahratta leader, IX. 254, 
 1 be, 2 a. 
 
 Millhausen: see MununAUSEN. 
 
 MuLnousE [mtil-ooz]: see Muhliiausen. 
 
 Mull, island of Scotland, XII. 30. 
 
 Mulle , variety of madder, X. 816, 1 c. 
 
 Mullein [mul'-linj, plant, XII. 30. Common 
 mullein, 2 c (ill., 31). Moth mullein, 31, 
 1 be; white, 1 c. 
 
 Mullein pink , plant, X. 741, 2 b. 
 
 Mullenhoff, Karl Victor [mul'-len-huf], Ger¬ 
 man philologist, XII. 31. 
 
 Muller , August [mul'-ler], naturalist, on meta¬ 
 morphosis of fishes, VII. 240, 1 ab. 
 
 Muller, Charles Louis [mu-lair], (Muller de 
 Paris), French painter, XII. 31. 
 
 Muller, Friedrich, German painter and poet, 
 XII. 31. 
 
 Muller, Friedrich, German philologist, XII. 31. 
 
 Muller, Friedrich Max, English philologist, 
 XII. 32; X. 147, 2 b (Language). 
 
 Muller, George, philanthropist, XII. 32. 
 
 Muller, Gerhard Friedrich, Russian historian, 
 XII. 33. 
 
 Muller, Johann: see Regiomontanus. 
 
 Muller, Johann Gotthard von, German en¬ 
 graver, XII. 33; VI. 649, 2 b. Johann 
 Friedrich Wilhelm (or Christian Friedrich 
 von), engraver, XII. 33, 2 ab; VI. 649, 2 b. 
 
 Muller, Johann Heinrich Jakob, physicist, 
 XII. 33. (Died 1875.) 
 
 Muller, Johannes, physiologist, XII. 33. His 
 classification of fishes, IX. 161, 1 c. Use of 
 the muscles of the larynx in the classification 
 of birds, XII. 708, 1 b. 
 
 Muller, Johannes von, Swiss historian, XII. 34. 
 
 Muller, Karl Otfried, German archasologist, 
 XII. 34. Julius, theologian, 35,1 b. Eduard, 
 writer, 1 be. 
 
 Muller, Otto, novelist, XII. 35. 
 
 Muller, Otto Frederik, Danish naturalist, XII. 
 35. Infusorial organisms classified by, XI. 
 733, 1 c. 
 
 Muller, Peder Erasmus, bishop, XII. 35. 
 
 Muller, Sophie, German actress, XII. 35. 
 
 Muller, Wilhelm, poet, XII. 36. 
 
 Muller, AVilliam John, English painter, XII. 36. 
 
 Muller von Konigswinter, Wolfgang [fon 
 ko'-niks-vin-ter], German poet, XII. 36. 
 
 Mullet, fish, XII. 36. Gray mullet, 2 ab; 
 striped, 2 c (ill.); red, 37, 1 ab; bearded, 
 1 b (ill.). Fish so called, 1 c. 
 
 Mullet , in heraldry, VIII. 673,2 be. (See plate.) 
 
 Mullidce (ichthyology), XII. 37, 1 a. 
 
 Mullion , in Gothic architecture, I. 664, 1 c. 
 
 Mullner, Amadeus Gottfried Adolf, German 
 dramatist, XII. 37. 
 
 Mullus (ichthyology), XII. 37, 1 ab. M. bar- 
 batus, 1 b (ill.), &c. 
 
 Mulock, Dinah Maria: see Craik. 
 
 Mulready, William [mul'-red-e], British paint¬ 
 er, XII. 37. 
 
 Mulso, Hester : see Chapone. 
 
 Multan [mool-tan'J: see Mooltan. 
 
 Multani , a Hindoo dialect, IX. 216, 2 c. 
 
 Multeka [mool-ta'-ka], Mohammedan code of 
 laws, XVI. 57, 2 a. 
 
 Multiple proportions, law of, II. 86, 1 a. 
 
 Multiplier , Schweiger’s (galvanic), VII. 593, 
 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Multno'mah, county, XII. 37. 
 
 Murnhan: see Munster, Ireland. 
 
 Mumia nativa , a liquid petroleum, V. 683, 2 ab. 
 
 Mummied maize , &c., XVI. 587, 2 b. 
 
 Mummius, Lucius, Roman general, XII. 38. 
 
 Mummy, XII. 38 (ill.). Mummy cloth, material 
 of, II. 373, 1 b ; III. 513, lb; V. 402, 2 ab. 
 
 Mummy wheat , XVI. 587, 2 ab. 
 
 Mumps, disease, XII. 39. 
 
 Munasihis , class of dervishes, VI. 33, 1 c. 
 
 Munch, Ernst Hermann Joseph von [mun c h], 
 German historian, XII. 39. 
 
 Munch, Friedrich, German author, XII. 39. 
 
 Munch, Peder Andreas [moon c h], Norwegian 
 historian, XII. 39. Andreas, poet, 2 c. 
 
 Munchausen [-chaw'-sen] : see Munchhausen. 
 
 MuNcn-BELLiNGHAusEN, Eligius Franz Joseph 
 von, baron [initnTi-beF-ling-how-zen], Ger¬ 
 man author, XII. 40. 
 
 Munchen [mun'- c hen] : see Munich. 
 
 MuNcimAusEN, Hieronymus Karl Friedrich von, 
 baron [mun c h'-how-zen], German soldier and 
 story teller, XII. 40. 
 
 Muncie , county seat, V. 775, 2 b. 
 
 Munda , tattle of,\ XIII. 698, 2 b. 
 
 Mundas , race in India, IX. 214, 2 be, c. 
 
 Mundic , cubic pyrites, XIV. 109, 1 ab. 
 
 Mundt, Theodor [moont], German author, 
 XII. 40. Klara (Miiller), author, 2 c. 
 
 Munfordsville , county seat, VIII. 483, 2 c. 
 
 Mungo: see Shoddy, XIV. 872, 2 c. 
 
 MuNicn [mu'-nik], capital of Bavaria, XII. 41. 
 University, 42, 1 ab. Glyptothek, 2 a (ill.); 
 
532 
 
 MUNINN 
 
 MURRAY 
 
 Pinakothek, 2 c. Ruhmeshalle, 43, 2 c (ill.). 
 History, 44, 1 c. 
 
 Muninn, raven, messenger of Odin, XII. 119,2 c. 
 
 Munjeet', root, XII. 44; X. 816, 2 c. 
 
 Munk, Salomon [mu ne k], French orientalist, 
 XII. 44. 
 
 Munkacs [moon'-katch], Hungary, XII. 45. 
 
 Munnich, Burkhard Christoph, count [mim'- 
 ni c h], Russian soldier, XII. 45. 
 
 MuSoz, Fernando [moo-nyoath'], duke of Rian- 
 zares and of Montmorot, husband of Maria 
 Christina, XII. 45. 
 
 Mufloz , Oil, antipope (Clement VIII.), IV. 662, 
 2 c. 
 
 Muneo', Alexander, English sculptor, XII. 45. 
 
 Mun'sees, Indian tribe, XII. 45. 
 
 Munsell, Joel, American printer, XII. 45. 
 
 Munster, province of Ireland, XII. 46. 
 
 Munster, city of Prussia, XII. 46. See Ana¬ 
 baptists, I. 449, 2 c, 450, 2 ab. 
 
 Munter, Balthasar, German clergyman,XII.46. 
 Friedrich, theologian and archaeologist, 1 c. 
 
 Muntjac, animal, XII. 47. Common, 1 c (ill.). 
 Nepaul and Chinese, 2 a. 
 
 Muntz's yellow metal , I. 336,1 c; III. 213, 2 a. 
 
 Munychia [mu-nik'-e-a], port of Athens, II. 59, 
 1 c (plan). 
 
 Munychion , Athenian month, I. 606, 2 a. 
 
 Munzer, Thomas [mun'-tser], German mystic, 
 XII. 47; I. 449, 2 b. 
 
 Munzinger, Werner [moon'-tsing-er], Swiss 
 traveller, XII. 48. (Died 1875.) 
 
 Murad [moo-rad']; see Amuratii, and Mehemet 
 Murad (Index). 
 
 Mur^e'na : see Eel, VI. 447, 2 ab. 
 
 Mural circle: see Observatory, XII. 566, 1 b. 
 
 Murat, Joachim [mii-ra], French soldier and 
 king of Xaples, XII. 48. Napoleon Achille, 
 
 49, 2 be. Napoldon Lucien Charles Joseph 
 Francois, 2 c. Joseph Joachim Napoleon, 
 
 50, 1 a. 
 
 Muratori, Ludovico Antonio [moo-ra-to'-re], 
 Italian scholar, XII. 50. 
 
 Muravieff [moo-rav-ySF], noble Russian fam¬ 
 ily, XII. 50. Mikhail, tutor in the royal 
 family, 1 b. Nikolai, soldier and teacher, 
 1 be. Nikolai (2d), soldier, 1 c. Mikhail, 
 soldier and governor general, 2 b. Nikolai 
 (Count Amurski), soldier and governor gen¬ 
 eral, 2 c. Alexander, soldier and governor, ib. 
 
 Muravieff-Apostol, branch of the Muravieffs, 
 XII. 51, 1 a. Ivan, author and diplomatist, 
 ib. Sergei, conspirator, 1 ab. 
 
 Murchison, Sir Roderick Impey [mur'-ke-sun], 
 
 British geologist, XII. 51. His hypothesis 
 of the hydrography of interior Africa, I. 
 165, 2 c. 
 
 Mur'cia [Sp. moor'-the-a], ancient kingdom of 
 Spain, XII. 51. Province, 52, 1 a. Capital 
 city, 1 ab (ill.). 
 
 Murder, crime, XII. 52. 
 
 Murdoch, James Edward [mur'-dok], American 
 actor, XII. 53. 
 
 Murdock, James, American clergyman, XII. 54. 
 
 Mure, William, Scottish author, XII. 54. 
 
 Muret, Theodore Cesar [mii-ra], French au¬ 
 thor, XII. 54. 
 
 Mu'rex, genus of mollusks, XII. 54. M. tenui- 
 spina, 2 c (ill.), and other species. 
 
 Murexide [mu-rex'-id], dye, XII. 54, 2 b; XIV. 
 95, 1 b. 
 
 Murfreesboro, city of Tennessee, XII. 54. 
 Battle of (or Stone River), 55, 1 be. 
 
 Murfreesborough , county seat, XIII. 511, 2 b. 
 
 Murg [moorg], river of Germany, II. 679, 1 a. 
 Valley of the, 1 be. 
 
 Murger, Henry [mur-zha], French author, XII. 
 55. 
 
 Muriatic Acid : see Hydrochloric Acid, IX. 
 109, 2 b. 
 
 Murillo, Bartolom6 Estdban [moo-re'-lyo], 
 Spanish painter, XII. 55. 
 
 Muri'nce (zoology), XII. 14, 1 a. 
 
 Murk , refuse of grapes, III. 210, 2 be. 
 
 Murner, Thomas [moor'-ner], German satirist, 
 XII. 56. 
 
 Murphy , county seat, IV. 377, 2 a. 
 
 Murphy, Arthur, British dramatist, XII. 57. 
 
 Murphy , Henry G. (Henry Crude, born 1810, 
 minister to Holland 1857—’61, state senator 
 of New York, mayor of Brooklyn, &c.), on 
 Verrazzano’s voyage, XVI. 324, 1 a. 
 
 Murphysborough , county seat, IX. 483, 2 c. 
 
 Murrain, XII. 57. Russian cattle plague, 
 steppe murrain, or rinderpest, 1 c. Aph¬ 
 thous fever, vesicular murrain, eczema epi- 
 zootica, or foot and mouth disease, 58, 1 be. 
 Lung fever, pulmonary murrain, epizootic or 
 contagious pleuro-pneumonia, or lung plague, 
 2 c. Malignant anthrax, malignant carbuncle, 
 carbuncular fever, bloody murrain, black 
 murrain, hsematosepsis, typhoemia, pelcemia, 
 or blood-striking, 60, 1 ab. 
 
 Murray, two counties, XII. 61. 
 
 Murray , county seat, III. 620, 1 b. 
 
 Murray, river of Australia, XII. 61. 
 
 Murray, Alexander, American naval officer, 
 XII. 61. 
 
MURRAY 
 
 MUSIC 
 
 533 
 
 Murray, Alexander, Scottish philologist, XII. 
 62. 
 
 Murray, Lady Augusta, her marriage with the 
 duke of Sussex annulled, II. 116, 2 b. 
 Murray, James Stuart, earl of, regent of Scot¬ 
 land, XII. 62. 
 
 Murray, John, American clergyman, XII. 62. 
 Murray, John, Scottish physician, XII. 63. 
 Murray, John, English publisher, XII. 63. 
 Murray, Lindley, grammarian, XII. 64. 
 Murray, Nicholas,American clergyman,XII.64. 
 Murray, Patrick, Baron Elibank, Scottish 
 author, XII. 64. 
 
 Murray, Sir Robert, one of the founders of 
 the London royal society, XII. 64. 
 
 Murray, William : see Mansfield, earl of. 
 Murray, William Henry Harrison, American 
 clergyman, XII. 64. 
 
 Murray, William Vans (of Maryland,1762-1803, 
 minister to Holland and France), I. 92, 2 a. 
 Murray centenary fund, XYI. 208, 2 c. 
 
 Mursa, Roman colony, VI. 743, 1 c (Eszek). 
 
 Battle of, Y. 279, 1 a. 
 
 Murten [moor'-ten]: see Morat. 
 
 Murviedro [moor-ve-a'-^ro], town of Spain, 
 XII. 65. Origin of the name, XIY. 521, 2 c. 
 Mus (zoology), XII. 14, 1 b. M. musculus, 2 a 
 (ill.). M. sylvaticus, 2 ab. M. minutus or 
 messorius, 2 be (ill.). M. pumilio and M. 
 mesomelas, ib. M. decumanus, XIY. 211, 1 c 
 (ill.). M. Alexandrinus, Americanus, or tec- 
 torum, 212, 1 a, ab. M. giganteus, 1 ab. 
 M. rattus, 211, 2 be (ill.). 
 
 Musa (botany), II. 263, 1 b. M. sapientum, 2 c. 
 M. paradisiaca, ib., and XIII. 595, 1 a. M. 
 textilis, XI. 110, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Musa the Barmecide [moo'-sa], referred to,YIII. 
 471, 2 be. 
 
 Musceon (museum), in Alexandria, I. 49, 2 c. 
 Mus^'us, Greek poet, XII. 65. Grammarian, 
 
 1 b. 
 
 Musang', animal, XIII. 62, 1 a. 
 
 Musaus, Johann Karl August [moo-za'-oos], 
 German author, XII. 65. 
 
 Musca (entomology), YI. 130, 1 be. M. car- 
 naria, 697, 2 a: see Sarcophaga (Index). 
 M. domestica, ib., and YII. 293, 2 c (ill., 
 294); maggots of, 296, 1 ab. M. harpyia, 
 293, 2 c. M. vomitoria (calliphora), 294, 
 
 2 b (ill.); YI. 697, 2 a. 
 
 Muscadin [mus-ka-da ng ], sobriquet, IY. 222, 2 c. 
 Mus'cadine, grape, VIII. 163, 2 ab. 
 
 Muscai: see Japheth, IX. 566, 2 c. 
 
 Muscalonge, fish, XIII. 510, 1 b. 
 
 Muscardine [mus'-kar-din], silkworm disease, 
 XII. 65 ; VI. 690, 1 a; XV. 45, 1 a. Al¬ 
 luded to, IY. 108, 2 be. 
 
 Muscardi'nus (zoology), V\ 216,1 ab. M. avel- 
 lauarius, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Muscat', chief city of Oman, XII. 65 (view, 66). 
 
 Muscat, imam of (sultan of Oman), I. 618, 1 b. 
 
 Muscat Wine : see France, Wines of, YII. 411, 
 •2 b; Germany, Wines of, YII. 775, 1 c. 
 Muscats of Albano and Montefiascone, IX. 
 468, 2 b ; of Juencaral, XY. 225, 1 a. 
 
 Muscatel', essence of, so styled, YII. 775, 1 c. 
 
 Muscatel wine: see Muscat Wine (Index). 
 
 Muscatine [mus-ka-teen'J, county, XII. 66. 
 
 Muscatine, city of Iowa, XII. 66. 
 
 Muscle, in anatomy, XII. 67 (ills.). Con¬ 
 tractility of, 68, 2 a. Power of, 2 c. De¬ 
 velopment of, 69, 1 c. Antagonist muscles, 
 2 a. Muscles of the eye, YII. 46, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Muscle, mollusk: see Mussel. 
 
 Muscles, insanity of the, so styled, XII. 238, 2 c. 
 
 Muscle Siioals : see Tennessee River, and I. 
 229, 1 a. 
 
 Muscogee [mus-ko-ghe'], county, XII. 69. 
 
 Muscogees: see Creeks. 
 
 Muscology, department of botany, XI. 863, 2 c. 
 
 Muscovite, mineral: see Mica, XI. 490, 2 c. 
 
 Muscovites, ancient Russians, IX. 566, 2 c. 
 
 Muscovy : see Russia, XIY. 480, 1 a. 
 
 Muscovy Duck : see Duck, YI. 289, 1 be. 
 
 Muscovy glass : see Mica, XI. 490, 2 c. 
 
 Muscular fibre: see Muscle, and Heart, YIII. 
 557, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Musculus (zoology), XIY. 430, 2 a. 
 
 Muse, the tenth, so styled: see Bradstreet, 
 Anne, and Desiioulieres. 
 
 Musee Marie Therese [mii-za ma-re ta-raiz], in 
 Nimes, XII. 454, 2 c. 
 
 Muses, in mythology, XII. 69. 
 
 Muse'um, XII. 70. Museum at Alexandria, I. 
 49, 2 c; 292, 1 a. 
 
 Mushmelon (muskmelon), XI. 372, 2 c. 
 
 Mush'room, fungus, XII. 70. Common mush¬ 
 room, 71, 1 a (ill.). Horse mushroom, 2 b 
 (ill.). Parasol mushroom, ib. (ill.). Fairy 
 ring champignon, 72,1 a (ill.). Chantarelle, 
 1 c (ill.). Cultivation, ib. Mushrooms grown 
 in a cask, 73,1 b (ill.). Mushroom cave, 1 c 
 (ill.). See Fungi, YII. 528, 2 a, 530, 2 b. 
 Sugar of: see Mannite. 
 
 Mushroom anchor, I. 466, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Mushteshed, ecclesiastical order, XIII. 318, 2 b. 
 
 Music, XII. 73. Sounds, nature of, 2 b (see 
 Sound) ; instrumental, 74, 1 c; vocal, 75, 
 
534 
 
 MUSICAL 
 
 MUTULE 
 
 2 a. Vibration ratios, 76, 1 a (see Harmony) ; 
 gamut, 1 be. Musical notation, 1 c; mod¬ 
 ern signs, 77, 1 c. Pitch of a tone, how de¬ 
 termined, 2 be. Musical intervals, 76, 2 a; 
 
 78, 2 ab. Vibration fraction of an interval, 
 
 79, 2 b. Chords, 80, 1 b. Sedley Taylor on 
 notation, 82, 1 ab. Melody and harmony, 
 83, 1 be. Consonance and dissonance, rela¬ 
 tions between the physical theory of and the 
 aesthetics of music, 85, 1 b.—History of mu¬ 
 sic, 86, 1 ab. Oriental, 1 b ; ancient Greek, 
 87, 1 c ; Roman, 2 b; early Christian, 2 be. 
 Mediaeval popular music, 88,1 b; Netherland, 
 2 b; English, 89, 1 b, 90, 1 be; Italian, 89, 
 1 be, 91, 2 be; French, 90, 1 b. Composers 
 of the 18th century, 1 be; of the 19th, 92, 
 
 1 b. Influence of the pianoforte on musical 
 art, 93, 2 be. Methods of writing and teach¬ 
 ing, 76, 2 b; I. 683, 1 b. 
 
 Musical Box, XII. 94. 
 
 Musimon: see Sheep, XIV. 836, 2 ab, 837, 2 a. 
 Musk, odorous secretion, XII. 94. 
 
 Musk, essence of, XIII. 290, 1 a. 
 
 Musk beaver, XII. 102, 1 b (Muskrat). 
 
 Musk Deer, XII. 95. True musk deer, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Napu musk deer, 2 b. Kanchil, 2 c (ill., 96). 
 Musk duck: see Duck, VI. 289, 1 be. 
 Muske'gon, county, XII. 96. 
 
 Muskegon, city of Michigan, XII. 96. 
 
 Musket, XII. 96. First portable firearms, 2 b; 
 bombard, ib. (ill.); arquebus, 97, 1 a (ills.). 
 Locks, 1 c, ff. (ills.). Ancient musketeer, 
 98, 1 c (ill.). Schweinsfeder, 2 c; bayonet, 
 ib. (ills., 99). Improvements, 99,1 b. Per¬ 
 cussion cap and lock, 2 b (ills.). Calibres, 
 
 2 c. English musket, “Brown Bess,” 100, 
 1 a (ill.). American muskets, 1 ab (ill.). Oth¬ 
 er names of muskets, 2 a. 
 
 Musketaquid (Concord, Mass.), V. 206, 1 ab. 
 Muskin'gum, river of Ohio, XII. 101. 
 Muskingum, county, XII. 101. 
 
 Muskmelon, XI. 372, 1 be (ills., 373). Vine, 
 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Muskoka, electoral district of Canada, XII. 101. 
 Muskokees : see Creeks. 
 
 Musk Ox, XII. 101 (ill.). 
 
 Muskrat, XII. 102 (ill.). Fur of, VII. 539,1 ab. 
 Musk Turtle : see Tortoise, XV. 811,1 c. 
 Musonius, Caius Rufus, Roman stoic, XII. 102. 
 Musoph'aga (ornithology), XIII. 595, 2 ab. M. 
 violacea, 2 b. 
 
 Musophagi'nce (ornithology), XIII. 595, 2 a. 
 Muspelheim [moos'-pel-hime], in northern my¬ 
 thology, XII. 119, 2 b. 
 
 Muspratt, James Sheridan, English chemist, 
 XII. 103. 
 
 Musquakink , Fox Indians, VII. 362, 1 c. 
 
 MusQUAsn: see Muskrat. 
 
 Musquash root, IV. 577, 2 a. 
 
 Musquetoon, firearm, XII. 100, 2 c. 
 
 Musschenbroek, Pieter van [mus'-ken-brook], 
 Dutch mathematician, XII. 103. 
 
 Mussel, mollusk, XII. 103. Shell of (ill.), V. 
 199, lb. Foot of, 1 c. Common salt-water 
 mussel, XII. 103, 2 b (ill.). Horse mussel, 
 2 c. Fresh-water mussel, 104, 1 a; river 
 mussel, ib. Pearl mussel, 1 b. 
 
 Musset, Louis Charles Alfred de [duh mu-sa], 
 French poet, XII. 104. Victor Donatien de 
 (Musset-Pathay), writer, 1 b. Paul Edme de, 
 author, 2a; V. 53, 1 a. 
 
 Mussey, Reuben Dimond [muz'-ze], American 
 surgeon, XII. 104. 
 
 Mussulman: see Moslem (Index). 
 
 Must: see Wine, XVI. 664, 2 be. 
 
 Mustache [mus-tash'], II. 420, 2 b; 421, 1 a. 
 
 Mustag mountains: see Karakorum. 
 
 Mustang, wild horse, VIII. 827, 2 b (ill.) ; XV. 
 672, 2 a. 
 
 Mustapha II., sultan of Turkey, XVI. 61, 2 b. 
 Mustapha IV., 2 c. 
 
 Mustapha ben Abdallah: see Hadji Khalfa. 
 
 Mustard, plant and condiment, XII. 105 (ill.). 
 Flour of, 2 ab. Volatile oil of, 2 c. Uses of, 
 106, 1 a. Wild mustard, 1 c. Hedge mus¬ 
 tard, 2 b. Tansy mustard, ib. 
 
 Muste'la (zoology), XI. 205,1 a. M. Americana, 
 ib. (ill.). M. martes, 1 c. M. foina, 2 a. 
 M. zibellina, 1 c; XIV. 508, 1 c (ill.); fur 
 of, VII. 536, 2 a. M. Pennantii, or M. Cana¬ 
 densis, 223,1 c (ill.). M. Siberica, I. 358, 2 b. 
 
 Mustel'idce (zoology), IV. 10, 2 b; XVI. 522, 
 2 a. 
 
 Muste'lus (ichthyology), XIV. 828,1 c. M. canis 
 VI. 183, 2 b. M. lands, 2 c. 
 
 Musus [moo-soos']: see Maipures. 
 
 Mut [moot], Egyptian goddess, XII. 116, 2 b. 
 
 Mutes: see Mourning, XII. 13, 2 be. 
 
 Mutessarif Turkish governor, XVI. 59, 1 c. 
 
 Mu'tina : see Modena. 
 
 Muti'nus, in mythology, XIII. 380, 2 c. 
 
 Mutiny, in law, XII. 106. 
 
 Mutiny bill: see George II., VII. 706, 1 c. 
 
 Mutokwa'ne, plant, II. 391, 1 c. 
 
 Mut'tra, city of India, XII. 107. 
 
 Muttra, bay of: see Muscat, XII. 65, 2 a. 
 City, 66, 2 a. 
 
 Mu'tule , in the Doric order, I. 657, 1 b. 
 
MUTURU 
 
 MYSTERIES 
 
 535 
 
 Muturu [moo-too-roo'], kind of ox, I. 81, 2 b. 
 Mutuum, in law, X. 557, 1 c. 
 
 Muyscas [moo-ees'-kas], South American In¬ 
 dians, XII. 107. Referred to, Y. 88, 2 a. 
 Muziano, Girolamo [moo-dze-a'-no], Italian 
 artist, XII. 108. 
 
 Muzzey, Artemas Bowers, American clergy¬ 
 man, XII. 108. 
 
 My a arenaria (concliology), IY. 629, 1 c (ill.). 
 Mycale [mik'-a-le], mountain and promontory, 
 Asia Minor, XII. 108. Battle of, 1 c. 
 Myce'lium , in botany, YII. 529, 1 b; YI. 687, 
 2 a; I. 173, 2 a; XYI. 13, 2 ab, 359, 2 c. 
 Myce'isle, ancient city of Greece, XII. 108. 
 Gate of lions, 2 ab (ill.). Treasury of Atreus, 
 2 be. (Excavated by Schliemann, 1876-7.) 
 Myce'ne: see Mycenje. 
 
 Myce'tes (zoology), XI. 750, 2 ab. M. ursinus, 
 2 be (ill.). 
 
 Mycoderma aceti, fungus, YII. 144, 2 b. M. 
 
 vini, XYI. 775, 2 b ; 776, 2 c ; 777,1 b (ill.). 
 Mycology, the study of fungi, YII. 533, 2 c. 
 Myconi [mik'-o-ne], island of Greece, XII. 108. 
 My c'onus: see Myconi. 
 
 My'cose: see Sugar, XY. 441, 2 c. 
 
 Mycrozy'ma ere'tee, animalcule, YII. 146, 2 b. 
 Myda'us mel'iceps (zoology), II. 212, 1 c. 
 Myeli'tis, disease, XY. 269, 2 c. 
 
 Myelo-phthisis, disease, XY. 270, 1 c. 
 
 Myer, Albert J., American meteorologist, XII. 
 109. 
 
 Myers, Peter Hamilton, novelist, XII. 109. 
 Mygale [mig'-a-le]: see Spider, XY. 265, 1 
 ab, b; 571, 1 a. M. avicularia, 265, 1 be. 
 M. Hentzii, 1 c. M. Pyrenaica, YI. 42, 1 ab 
 (ill.). M. Muscovitica, 2 be. 
 
 My lee: see Milazzo. 
 
 Myliobat'idce (ichthyology), XIY. 223, 1 a. 
 MylioVatis (ichthyology), XIY. 223, 1 b. M. 
 
 acuta, ib. M. aquila, 1 be. 
 
 Mylitta, Babylonian goddess, XII. 109 ; II. 
 7, 1 b. 
 
 Myl'odon, genus of fossil edentates, XII. 109. 
 
 M. robustus, 2 c (ill., 110), and other species. 
 Myocardi'tis: see Carditis (Index). 
 
 Myo'des (zoology), X. 335, 1 ab. M. lemmus, 
 1 be (ill.), and other species. 
 
 Myo'pia, near-sightedness, XYI. 391,1 a; XY. 
 237, 1 a. 
 
 Myopot'amus coypus (zoology), Y. 448,1 a (ill., 
 447). 
 
 Myoso'tis palustris (botany), YII. 319, 2 b (ill.). 
 M. scorpioides, 2 c. M. verna, 320, 1 a. 
 Other species. 
 
 Myoxus (zoology), YI. 216, 1 ab. M. glis, 1 c. 
 M. quercinus, 2 a. 
 
 Myrcia acris (botany), XII. 112, 2 c. 
 
 Myriapod : see Centipede. 
 
 Myriap'oda (zoology), IY. 202, 2 c. 
 
 Myr'ica cerif'era (botany), II. 406, 2 b (ill., 
 407). Other species, 407, 1 b. 
 
 Myrica'cece (botany), II. 406, 2 be. 
 
 Myricine [mir'-e-sin], (chemistry),XYI. 515,2 a. 
 Myri'na, ancient town, X. 335, 2 c. 
 
 Myris'tica (botany), XII. 541, 1 c. M. fra- 
 grans (M. moschata, or M. officinalis), ib. 
 (ill.); fruit and seed of, 542, 1 a (ill., 541). 
 Seeds of M. bicuiba and M. sebifera, 543,1 ab. 
 M. fatua, 1 a. M. ocuba, XYI. 516, 1 ab. 
 Myristicece [-tis'-e-e], (botany), XII. 541, 2 a. 
 Myrmeco'bius, genus of animals, XII. 110. 
 
 M. fasciatus, 1 c (ill., 111). 
 
 Myrmecoph'aga (zoology), I. 543, 2 b. M. 
 
 jubata, 2 c (ill.). M. tamandua, 544, 1 c. 
 Myrme'leon : see Ant Lion, I. 573, 1 be. M. 
 formicarium, ib. 
 
 Myr'midon, legendary, XII. Ill, 1 be. 
 Myemidones [mur-mid'-o-neez], ancient Achae¬ 
 an race, XII. 111. 
 
 Myrmidons, origin of the word, XII. Ill, 1 c. 
 Myron, Greek sculptor, XII. 111. 
 
 Myron'ic acid, XII. 105, 2 c. 
 
 Myrop'tera scutella'ris (entomology), XYI. 493, 
 2 b. 
 
 Myrosine [mir'-o-sin], (chemistry), XII. 105, 2 c. 
 Myrosper'mum pubes'cens (botany), II. 248, 2 b 
 (ill.). M. toluiferum, 249, 1 b (ill.) 
 
 Myrrh, gum resin, XII. 111. Tree, 2 ab (ill.). 
 Myrsiphyl'lum asparagoi'des (botany), XY. 114, 
 1 ab (ill.). 
 
 Myrta'ceoe (botany), XII. 112, 1 be. 
 Myrtid'anum, a kind of wine, XII. 112, 2 c. 
 Myrtile'tum: see Heidelberg. 
 
 Myrtle, plant, XII. 112. Common myrtle, 1 c 
 (ill.). Uses of, 2 b. Sand myrtle, 113, 1 a. 
 Crape myrtle, ib. (ill.). Running myrtle, or 
 myrtle, XIII. 304, 1 c. Wax myrtle: see 
 Baybeery. 
 
 Myrtus communis (botany), XII. 112,1 be (ill.). 
 Mysia, in ancient geography, XII. 113. 
 
 Mysia VS-punctata (entomology), XIII. 770, 
 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Mysore', state of India, XII. 113. History, 
 114, 1 ab. Capital city, 1 c. 
 
 Mysteries, in ancient religions, XII. 114. 
 Eleusinian, 114, 2 c. Of the Cabiri, 2 c: 
 see Cabiri. Dionysiac, 115,1 a. Orphic, ib. 
 Of Mitlira, 1 b. 
 
53 G 
 
 MYSTERIES 
 
 NAMES 
 
 Mysteries, mediae val dramas: see Miracles and 
 Moralities, XI. 626, 1 ab, and VI. 246, 1 b. 
 “Mystery” a craft, VIII. 306, 2 ab. 
 Mystice'tus (zoology), XIV. 430, 2 a. 
 
 Mysticism: see Moral Philosophy, XI. 810, 
 1 c, 2 c. See Gerson, VII. 777, 1 be. 
 Mystriosaurus (palaeontology), XV. 621, 2 c. 
 M. Chapmanni, ib. 
 
 Mythenstein [me'-ten-stine], rock near Griitli, 
 VIII. 274, 2 a. 
 
 Mythology, XII. 115. Egyptian, 116, 1 be; 
 Accadian and Babylonian, 117, 1 a; Ara¬ 
 bian, 2 a; Phoenician, 2 b; Greek and 
 Roman, 118, 2 a; Scandinavian, 119, 2 b; 
 
 German, 120, 1 be. See Buddhism; India, 
 Religions and Religious Literature of; Ko¬ 
 ran; ZendAvesta; and Zoroaster. Minor 
 deities of the Germanic races: see Fairies, 
 and Demonology. 
 
 Mytile'ne, island of Greece, XII. 120. City, 
 121, 1 a (view). 
 
 Myt'ilus (mollusca), XII. 103, 2 a. M. edulis, 
 2 ab (ill.): see Byssus. M. borealis, 2 c. 
 
 Myxi'ne (ichthyology), XII. 121, 2 be. M. 
 glutinosa, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Myx'inoids, order of fishes, XII. 121 (ill.). 
 
 Myzonts: see Myxinoids, and X. 132, 1 c. 
 
 Mzensh [mtsensk]: see Mtzensk. 
 
 N 
 
 N, a letter, XII. 122. Sound in English, 1 b; 
 
 in other languages, 1 c. As a numeral, ib. 
 Naasenes , religious sect, VIII. 54, 2 a. 
 Nabathe'ans : see Edom, VI. 409, 2 c, and I. 
 
 621, 2 a. Religion of, XII. 117, 2 a. 
 
 Nabis, Spartan tyrant, XJI. 122. 
 
 Nablus [na'-bloos], town of Palestine, XII. 
 122; IX. 728, 2 ab. 
 
 Nabob, title in India, XII. 123. Signification 
 in English, 1 a. 
 
 Nabonaclius ) king of Babylonia, II. 187, 2 c; 
 188, 1 a; 190, 1 a-2 a. 
 
 Nabonassar , king of Babylonia, IV. 229, 1 a, 
 2 b. Era of, 1 a; 557, 2 b. 
 
 Nabop>olassar, king of Babylonia, II. 189, 1 b; 
 
 36, 2 be; IV. 229,1 a. Dynasty of, 230, 2 c. 
 Nabulus [na'-boo-loos]: see Nablus. 
 Nachtigal, Gustav [na k li'-te-gal], traveller, 
 XII. 123. 
 
 Nacogdoches [nak-o-do'-chiz], county, XII. 123. 
 Nacogdoches, county seat, XII. 123, 1 c. 
 
 Nadar Singh , Bheel chief, referred to, II. 605, 
 2 b. 
 
 Na'dir: see Zenith. 
 
 Nadir SnAn [na'-der], king of Persia, XII. 123. 
 Nmi materni , V. 191, 1 c. 
 
 N^evius, Cneius, Roman poet, XII. 124. 
 Ndfels [na'-felce], victory of, VII. 838, 2 a. 
 Nagar [na'-gar]: see Ahmednuggur, district. 
 Nagasaki [na-ga-sa'-ke], town of Japan, XII. 
 124 (view). 
 
 Nago'ya, city of Japan, XII. 124. 
 
 Nagpore', city of India, XII. 125. 
 
 Nagpore , province: see Berar. 
 
 Nagy-Koros [nodj-ko'-rosh]: see Koros. 
 
 Nahant', town of Massachusetts, XII. 125. 
 
 Great, 1 be; Little, 1 c. 
 
 Nahe [na'-eh], river of Germany, XII. 125. 
 Nahiyes [na-he'-yShs], Turkish communes, 
 XVI. 59, 1 c. 
 
 Nahoa [na'-wa], ancient American language, 
 
 XI. 472, 1 c. 
 
 Nalmatl [na-watl'], ancient American lan¬ 
 guage, II. 175, 1 c; XI. 472, 1 c. 
 Nahuatlecas [na-wat-la'-kas], ancient American 
 tribe, II. 175, 1 c. 
 
 Na'iium, Hebrew prophet, XII. 125. 
 
 Naiads [na'-yads], in mythology, XII. 125; 
 
 VII. 63, 2 a. See Nymphs. 
 
 Naib [na'-eeb]: see Nabob. 
 
 Nail, XII. 125. Nail machines, 126, 1 a. 
 Nain, town of Palestine, XII. 126. 
 
 Nairne, Baroness: see Oliphant, Carolina. 
 Nairnshire, county of Scotland, XII. 126. 
 Nairs [nires], a class of Hindoos, XI. 47, 2 a, 
 be; 48, 1 b. 
 
 Naissus [na-is'-sus]: see Nissa. 
 
 Naja tripudians (zoology), IV. 771, 1 c, ff.; 
 II. 18, 2 a (naia). N. haje, IV. 772, 2 c; 
 II. 18, 1 c (naya haye). 
 
 Nakhitch'evan, town of European Russia, 
 
 XII. 126. City of Russian Armenia, 127, 1 a. 
 Nama dialect: see Hottentots, IX. 9, 1 c. 
 Namaqua [na-ma'-kwa], African tribe, XII. 
 
 127. Referred to, IX. 9, 1 c. 
 
 Namburis , a class of Hindoos, XI. 47, 2 a. 
 
 “Nameless sect” in China, XI. 646, 1 ab. 
 Names, XII. 127. Among the ancients, 1 b. 
 
 Origin of surnames, 2 b. Significant names, 
 
 128, 1 c. 
 
NAMUR 
 
 NARCEIA 
 
 537 
 
 Namur [n5-mur], province of Belgium, XII. 
 
 128. Capital city, 129, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Na'na Sa'hib, Hindoo chieftain, XII. 129; 
 IX. 211, 2 a. Referred to, II. 6G9, 1 c; 
 IV. 158, 2 a. 
 
 Nanak, founder of a sect, XY. 36, 2 be. 
 
 Nancy [na ng -se], city of France, XII. 130. 
 
 “ Nancy-'pretty ,” plant, XVI. 363, 1 a. 
 
 JVanda Devi [da'-ve], Himalayan peak, VIII. 
 732, 1 c. 
 
 Nandou': see Ostrich, XII. 725, 2 b. 
 
 Nanemys gutta’ta [na-ne'-mis], (zoology), XY. 
 811, 2 c (ill., 812). 
 
 Nang Harm , in Bangkok, VIII. 461, 1 c. 
 Nanguer , species of gazelle, VII. 655, 2 a. 
 Nankeen', a kind of cloth, VI. 343, 1 c. 
 Nankin: see Nanking. 
 
 Nanking', city of China, XII. 130. Tombs of 
 the kings, 2 a. Porcelain tower, 2 c (ill.). 
 Treaty of, I. 434, 2 a. 
 
 Nanna, wife of Baldur, II. 237, 2 a, be. 
 
 Nanni, Giovanni: see Annius of Viterbo. 
 Nano'des (ornithology), XIII. 124, 1 a. 
 Nan'semond, county, XII. 131. 
 
 Nantasket, peninsula of Massachusetts, XII. 
 131. 
 
 Nanterre [na ng -tair], town of France, XII. 131. 
 Nantes [na ng t], town of France, XII. 131. 
 Castle and cathedral of, 1 c (ill.). Edict of, 
 2 c; VII. 383, 1 a; IX. 37, 2 c. Revocation 
 of, IX. 38, 1 a; X. 659, 1 be, 687, 1 c; XI. 
 40,1 ab. Effect on the legal status of Prot¬ 
 estant children, V. 212, 2 ab. 
 
 Nanteuil, Celestin [na ng -tuhy’], French artist, 
 XII. 132. 
 
 Nantucket, town and county of Massachu¬ 
 setts, XII. 132. Nantucket island, 1 b. 
 Na'os , in a Grecian temple, I. 654, 2 c. 
 
 Napa [na'-pa], county of California, XII. 132. 
 
 Napa valley, 2 c; VII. 785, 2 a. 
 
 Napa City, county seat, XII. 133, 1 a. 
 
 Napata , Ethiopian capital, VI. 749, 1 b. 
 Naperville , county seat, VI. 320, 1 a. 
 
 Naphce'ce: see Nymphs. 
 
 Naph'tali, son of Jacob, XII. 133. Tribe, ib. 
 Naphtha, XII. 133. Boghead, bone, coal, and 
 mineral naphtha, 1 be. A, B, and C naph¬ 
 thas, 1 c; XIII. 371, 1 c. Wood naphtha, 
 
 XII. 133, 1 c; XIV. 118, 1 be. Dangerous 
 character of all naphthas, XII. 133, 2 b; 
 
 XIII. 373, 2 be. Oil of, 369, 2 b. Naph¬ 
 thas mentioned, XII. 466, 2 b; IX. 812, 1 b. 
 
 Naphthalic acid, XII. 134, 2 b. 
 
 Naphthaline [naf'-tha-lin], XII. 133. Naph¬ 
 
 thaline yellow, 134, 2 b. Naphthaline alco¬ 
 hol, 2 c. Hoffmann’s naphthaline red, ib. 
 
 Naphthazarine: see Naphthaline, XII. 134, 
 2 be. Naphthole, naplithylamine, naphthyl- 
 rosaniline, 2 b-c. 
 
 Napier, Sir Charles [na'-pe-er], British ad¬ 
 miral, XII. 134. 
 
 Napier, Sir Charles James, soldier, XII. 135. 
 
 Napier, Henry Edward, author, XII. 136. 
 
 Napier, John, inventor of logarithms, XII. 
 136; X. 577, 1 b; III. 569, 1 a. Napier’s 
 bones, so styled, XII. 136, 1 c. 
 
 Napier, Macvey, Scottish writer, XII. 136. 
 
 Napier, Robert, engineer, XII. 136. (D. 1876.) 
 
 Napier, Sir William Francis Patrick, British 
 author, XII. 136. 
 
 Napier's method , in copper smelting, V. 325, 2 c. 
 
 Napier of Magdala, Robert Cornelius Na¬ 
 pier, baron, British general, XII. 137; I. 47, 
 1 c; 48, 1 a. 
 
 Napierville, county of Canada, XII. 137. 
 
 Napierville, county seat, XII. 137, 1 ab. 
 
 Naples, kingdom of: see Sicilies, the Two. 
 Province of Italy, XII. 137, 2 b. 
 
 Naples, city of Italy, XII. 137 (view, 138). 
 Public squares, 139, 1 a. Villa Nazionale, 
 1 b. Castel Nuovo, 1 c (ill.); castel dell’ 
 Ovo, 2 b; castel Sant’ Elmo, 2 be; castel 
 Capuano, 2 c; castel Carmine, ib. Palazzo 
 del municipio, ib. Churches, 140, 1 a. Char¬ 
 itable institutions, 2 a. Scientific institu¬ 
 tions, libraries, &c., 2 be. Museum, 2 c. 
 Private palaces, 141, 1 b. Theatres, 2 a. 
 Ports and commerce, 2 be. Manufactures, 
 142, 1 a. Municipal government, 1 b. An¬ 
 tiquities, 1 be (see Catacombs, IV. 95, 2 a). 
 History, ib. 
 
 Napo, river: see Ecuador, VI. 394, 2 be. 
 
 Napoleon, county seats, VI. 41,2 a; VIII. 641,1 a. 
 
 Napoleon blue, color, VI. 342, 2 be. 
 
 Napoleon Bonaparte : see Bonaparte. 
 
 Napoleon gun, I. 789, 2 b. 
 
 Napoleon-Vendee [na-po-la-o ng -va ng -da], town, 
 France, XII. 143. (Now La Roche-sur-Yon.) 
 
 Napoli di Romania [na'-po-le de ro-ma-ne'-a]: 
 see Nauplia. 
 
 Naquet, Alfred Joseph [na-ka], French chem¬ 
 ist, XII. 143. 
 
 Narbo Hartius: see Narbonne. 
 
 Narbonne [nar-bun], city of France, XII. 143. 
 
 Narbonne-Lara, Louis, count de [-la-ra],French 
 soldier, XII. 143. 
 
 Narceia [nar-se'-ya]: see Opium, XII. 649, 1 b, 
 650, 1 a. 
 
538 
 
 NARCISSUS 
 
 NATIONAL 
 
 Narcissus, in mythology, XII. 143. Freed¬ 
 man, secretary of the emperor Claudius, 144, 
 1 a. Roman athlete, 1 b. 
 
 Narcissus, genus of plants, XII. 144. N. po- 
 eticus, 1 c (ill.). N. biflorus, 2 b (ill.). N. 
 bulbocodium, ib. N. Tazetta, 145, 1 a (ill.). 
 N. jonquilla, 1 c. N. pseudonarcissus, 2 a 
 (ill.). N. incomparabilis, ib. 
 
 Narcotics, XII. 145; XIII. 639, 1 be. 
 
 Narcoti'na : see Opium, XII. 649,1 a, 650,1 a. 
 
 Narcotine [nar'-ko-tin] : see Opium, XII. 648,1 c. 
 
 Narcotization: see Anesthetics, I. 453, 1 a. 
 
 Nard : see Spikenard. 
 
 Nardos'tacky sjatamansi (botany), XV. 267,2 b. 
 
 Nardus spicatus (botany), XV. 267, 2 b. 
 
 Nares, James, English composer, XII. 146. 
 Robert, author, 1 ab. Edward, author, 1 b. 
 
 Naro [na'-ro], town of Sicily, XII. 146. 
 
 Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, XII. 146. 
 
 Narragansetts, North American Indians, XII. 
 146; XIV. 291, 1 c. 
 
 Narroics , mountain gaps, XIII. 255, 2 ab. 
 
 Narrows , New York harbor, XII. 384, 1 b. 
 
 Narses, Byzantine general, XII. 146; IX. 728, 
 1 a, ab. 
 
 Narthex, in ecclesiastical architecture, II. 90, 
 la; IV. 566, 2 ab. 
 
 Narthex asafeetida (botany), I. 802, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Naruszewicz, Adam Stanislaw [nu-roo-sheh'- 
 vich], Polish historian, XII. 147. 
 
 Narya, town and port of Russia, XII. 147. 
 Battle of, ib. ; IV. 304, 2 b. 
 
 Narvaez, Pamfilo de [nar-va'-aitli], Spanish 
 explorer, XII. 147. 
 
 Narvaez, Ramon Maria, duke of Valencia, 
 Spanish statesman, XII. 147. 
 
 Narwhal, cetacean animal, XII. 148 (ill.). 
 
 Nasal bones , XII. 515, 2 be; cavities, 2 c; 
 canal, 516, 1 a; passages, 1 be (ills.). 
 
 Nasa'lis larva'tus (zoology), XI. 752, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Nasby, Petroleum V., pseudonyme : see Locke, 
 David Ross. 
 
 Nascapees', and Nehiroirini or Montagnais, 
 Indian tribes of Labrador, XII. 148. 
 
 Nascent state , of bodies, IX. 433, 1 c. 
 
 Naseby [naz'-be], England, battle of, XII. 149 ; 
 V. 503, 1 ab. 
 
 Nash, county, XII. 149. 
 
 Nash, Joseph, English painter, XII. 149. 
 
 Nash, Richard (Beau Nash), XII. 149. 
 
 Nash, Thomas, English dramatist, XII. 150. 
 
 Nash, Thomas, extradition case of, I. 93, 1 b. 
 
 Nashik : see Nassick. 
 
 Nasii'ua, city of New Hampshire, XII. 150. 
 
 Nashville, capital of Tennessee, XII. 150 (view, 
 151). University of, 151,2c. History, 152,1c. 
 
 Nashville , county seats, II. 581, 1 a; III. 335, 
 la; XII. 149, 2 a; XVI. 475, 2 a. 
 
 Nasicornis (zoology), XVI. 368, 2 a. 
 
 Nasicus (entomology), XVI. 536, 1 a. 
 
 Nasir , Egyptian magistrate, VI. 456, 1 c. 
 
 Nasir-ed-Din: see Nasr-ed-Din (Index). 
 
 Naskapis: see Nascapees, XII. 148, 2 c. 
 
 Na'smyth, James, British inventor, XII. 153. 
 
 Naso [na'-zo], town of Sicily, XII. 153. 
 
 Nasquapees [nas-ka-pees'J, III. 679, 2 ab. See 
 Nascapees. 
 
 Nasr-ed-Din [nas’r-ed-deen'], shah of Persia, 
 XII. 153; II. 182, 2 c; XIII. 323, 2 b. 
 
 Nasrullah Khan, emir of Bokhara, II. 799, 2 b. 
 
 Nas'sau [Ger. nas'-sow], former German duchy, 
 XII. 153. History, 1 c. 
 
 Nassau, county, XII. 153. 
 
 Nassau, island, Pacific ocean, XII. 153. 
 
 Nassau, city, Bahamas, XII. 153. 
 
 Nassau Islands, off Sumatra, XII. 154. 
 
 Nassau Hall : see Princeton, XIII. 842, 2 a. 
 
 Nassau-Orange, princes of, XII. 153, 2 a. 
 
 Nassick, town of India, XII. 154. 
 
 Nast, Thomas, American artist, XII. 154. 
 
 Nasturtium [nas-tur'-shum], plant, XII. 154. 
 Garden nasturtium, 2 c ; dwarf, 155,1 a (ill.). 
 Canary-bird flower, 1 b (ill.). Tuberous 
 nasturtium, &c., 2 a. 
 
 Nasturtium (botany), XII. 154, 2 b; V. 477, 
 1 a (ill., N. officinale: see XVI. 501, 1 b). 
 N. Armoracia, VIII. 831, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Na'sua rufa (zoology), IV. 725, 2 c (ill.). N. 
 narica, ib. 
 
 Natal', British colony, Africa, XII. 155. 
 
 Natal rock snake , II. 762, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Natalie [na-ta-le'], nom de plume, I. 211, 1 b. 
 
 Natatio , in ancient baths, II. 382, 2 b. 
 
 Natatorium , II. 382, 2 b ; 384, 1 a. 
 
 Natchez, Indian tribe, XII. 157. Referred to, 
 XIV. 149, 1 b. 
 
 Natchez, city of Mississippi, XII. 158. Nat- 
 chez-on-the-Hill, 1 c (view). 
 
 Natchitoch'es, Indian tribe, XII. 159. 
 
 Natchitoches [locally, nak-e-tush'J, parish of 
 Louisiana, XII. 159. 
 
 Natchitoches, county seat, XII. 159, 2 b. 
 
 Na'tick, town of Massachusetts, XII. 159. 
 
 Nations, Law of: see Law or Nations. 
 
 National bank, question of a, XVI. 88, 2 c. 
 
 National banks, United States, II. 281, 1 a. 
 
 National gallery, London, X. 605, 2 c. Na¬ 
 tional portrait gallery, 606, 1 a. 
 
NATIONAL 
 
 NAZAKENE 
 
 539 
 
 National recompenses, in France: see Pension, 
 XIII. 275, 2 b. 
 
 National Republicans, political party, 1.103,1 b. 
 a ‘ Nationalists: ” see Fenians, VII. 124, 2 b. 
 Nationality, letters of, XII. 169, 1 b. 
 
 Natolia: see Asia Minor, II. 17, 2 a. 
 
 Natous, in Indian mythology, II. 677, 2 b. 
 Natron: see Soda, XV. 150, 1 a. 
 
 Natter of Swabia, gem engraver, VII. 664,1 ab. 
 Natterjack, kind of toad, XV. 777, 2c; 778, 2 a. 
 Natural, in card playing, II. 192, 1 ab. 
 Natural Bridge : see Bridge, Natural. 
 Natural History, XII. 159. 
 
 Natural history museum, London, X. 605, 2 be. 
 Naturalisti [na-too-ra-lis'-te], school of paint¬ 
 ing, XII. 799, 2 b. 
 
 Naturalization, XII. 160; I. 326, 1 c. In 
 ancient times, XII. 160, 1 b; in the United 
 States, 161, 2 a; in Great Britain, 167, 1 a; 
 on the continent of Europe, 168,1 c; in Mo¬ 
 hammedan countries, 172, 1 a; in the West 
 Indies, 2 a; in South America, 173, 1 b. 
 English naturalization act, 167, 1 b; I. 314, 
 1 be; 327, 2 b. Letters of naturalization, 
 XII. 169, 1 b. 
 
 Natural Philosophy, XII. 174. 
 
 Natural selection, principle of, VII. 13, 2 c. 
 Nau'clea (botany), VII. 607, 1 be. 
 
 Naucle'rus (ornithology), X. 20, 1 a. N. fur- 
 catus, ib. 
 
 Nau'crates (ichthyology), XIII. 516, 2 c. N. 
 
 ductor, 517,1 a (ill.). N. Noveboracensis, 1 b. 
 Naugatuck' river, Connecticut, V. 251, 2 be. 
 Nauheim [now'-hime], German watering place, 
 XII. 174. 
 
 Naumann, Johann Friedrich [now'-man], Ger¬ 
 man ornithologist, XII. 174. 
 
 Naumann, Johann Gottlieb, composer, XII. 
 174. Karl Friedrich, mineralogist, 2 a. Mo¬ 
 ritz Ernst Adolf, phvsiciaD, 2 b. Emil, com¬ 
 poser and author, ib. 
 
 Naumburg [nowm'-boorg], town of Prussia, 
 
 XII. 174 (view, 175). 
 
 Naumkeag [nawm-keg'J: see Salem, XIV. 
 562, 2 c. 
 
 A 7 awTi^e?^[nown'-dorf], pretender, X. 664, 2 b. 
 Naupactus: see Lepanto. 
 
 Nau'plia, seaport town of Greece, XII. 175. 
 Nausea, XII. 175. 
 
 Nausets : see Massachusetts Indians. 
 Nausiion : see Elizabeth Islands. 
 
 Nautce Parisiaci , ancient trading company, 
 
 XIII. 89, 1 c. 
 
 Nautch girl: see Nautchnee (Index). 
 
 Nautchnee, Hindoo dancing girl, II. 404, 2 b. 
 Nautical almanac: see Almanac, I. 342, 2 a. 
 Nautilus, mollusk, XII. 175. Genus, 176,1 a. 
 Pearly nautilus, ib. (ill. v 175); V. 203, 2 ab. 
 Paper nautilus, XII. 177, 1 a (ill.). Eyes of, 
 VII. 48, 1 c. 
 
 Nautilus , submarine boat, VI. 156, 1 c (ill.); 
 VII. 525, 2 b. 
 
 Nauvoo', township and city of Illinois, XII. 
 
 177. Mormon temple, 2 c. Icarians, 178,1 a. 
 Navajos [na-va'-lioce], Indians, XII. 178. 
 Naval academy, Annapolis, I. 529, 2 c (ill.). 
 Navarino [na-va-re'-no], town of Greece, XII. 
 
 178. Bay of, 2 a. Battle of, 2 ab. 
 
 Navarre [na-var'J, province of Spain, XII. 179. 
 
 Kingdom of, 179, 1 a. Lower, 1 a, c. 
 Navarre, chateau of, VII. 18, 1 a. 
 
 Navarrete, Domingo Fernandez [na-var-ra/- 
 ta], Spanish missionary, XII. 179. 
 Navarrete, Juan Fernandez, artist, XII. 179. 
 Navarrete, Martino Fernandez, historian, 
 XII. 179. 
 
 Navarro, county, XII. 180. 
 
 Nave, of a wheel, XVI. 591, 2 b. 
 
 Navel point , in heraldry, VIII. 671, 2 a. (Plate.) 
 Navez, Francois Joseph [na-va], Belgian paint¬ 
 er, XII. 180. 
 
 Navicella (mollusca), V. 201, 2 a (ill.). 
 Navicellce: see Gregarina, VIII. 241, 1 be. 
 Navic'ula vir'idis, diatom, VI. 84, 2 ab. 
 Navicular bone, VIII. 825, 2 b. 
 
 Navicular disease, XVI. 334, 2 c. 
 
 Navigation, XII. 180. Schools of, VI. 431,2 b. 
 Navigation Laws, XII. 182. Laws of Great 
 Britain restricting the commerce of her Amer¬ 
 ican colonies, referred to, XVI. 152, 1 b. 
 Navigators’ Islands: see Samoan Islands. 
 Navy, XII. 182. Ancient war vessels, 2 c (ills., 
 183); mediaeval, 184, 1 a. Foundation of 
 the British navy, 2 a (ills.). Improved ar¬ 
 mament, 185, 2 c. Steam ships of war, 186, 
 
 1 ab. Classification and armament, 187,1 c. 
 Naval officers, 189,1 a. United States navy, 
 
 2 a. See Iron-clad Ships. 
 
 Naxos, island of Greece, XII. 190. 
 
 Naya haye [na'-ya lia'-yeh]: see Naja tripudi- 
 ans (Index). 
 
 Naylor, James, English religious enthusiast, 
 
 XII. 190. 
 
 Nazaire, St. [na-zair], (Nazarius, martyred at 
 Milan for preaching in the 1st century), ca¬ 
 thedral of, at Beziers, II. 603, 2 c (ill., 604). 
 Nazare'ans : see Christians of St. JonN. 
 Nazarene', a term of contempt applied to 
 
540 
 
 NAZARETH 
 
 NEGRELLI 
 
 Christ and his disciples, XII. 191. A reli¬ 
 gious sect, 2 a: see Ebionites, VI. 383, 2 c. 
 Naz'aretii, town of Palestine, XII. 191 (view). 
 Nazareth, village of Pennsylvania, XII. 191. 
 Nazarite, in the Levitical law, XII. 191. 
 Neal, Daniel, English historian, XII. 191. 
 Neal, Alice Bradley: see Haven. 
 
 Neal, John, American author, XII. 192. (Died 
 1876.) 
 
 Neal, Joseph Clay, humorist, XII. 192. 
 
 Neale, John Mason, English clergyman, XII. 
 192. 
 
 Neander, Johann August Wilhelm [na-an'- 
 der], German church historian, XII. 192. 
 Neap'olis, in Campania: see Naples. In Pal¬ 
 estine : see Nablus, and Shechem. 
 Near-sightedness , XV. 237, 1 a. 
 
 Nearchus [ne-ar'-kus], Greek admiral, XII. 
 193; I. 278, 2 a. 
 
 Neath, town of Wales, XII. 193. 
 
 Nebi Yunus , mound of [na'-be yoo'-noos]: see 
 Nineveh, XII. 457, 1 ab. 
 
 NebOj mountain of Palestine, XIII. 542, 1 c. 
 Nebo, Assyrian god, II. 37, 1 b. 
 
 Nebraska, state, XII. 193. State seal (ill.), 
 
 194, Population, 1 a. Physical features, 
 2 b. Geology, 2 c. Soil and productions, 
 
 195, 1 b. Climate, 2 a. Agriculture, ib. 
 Manufactures, 2 c. Intercommunication, 
 
 196, 2 a. Government, 1 b. Finances, 2 c. 
 Public institutions, 197, 1 b. Education, 
 1 c ; state university, 2 b. Libraries, news¬ 
 papers, &c., 2 c. Religious organizations, 
 198, 1 a. History, 1 b. 
 
 Nebraska City, city of Nebraska, XII. 198. 
 Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, XII. 198. 
 See Babylon,Babylonia, and Hebrews, VIII. 
 589, 2 ab. 
 
 Neb'ula (astronomy), XII. 199. Spiral nebula 
 in Canes Venatici, 1 c (ill.). Stellar nebulae, 
 ib. (ill.) ; planetary, 2 a (ill.). Annular neb¬ 
 ula in Lyra, 200, 1 a (ill., 199). Great neb¬ 
 ula in Orion, 200, 1 b (ill.). Magellanic 
 clouds, 1 be (ill.). Recent discoveries re¬ 
 specting nebulae, 2 b. Their nature, 2 c. 
 Nebular Hypothesis, XII. 201; 200, 2 c. 
 Necessity , creed of in pagan legends, 1.152,1 c. 
 Neches river [netch'-iz], Texas, XV. 671, 1 b. 
 NEcno [ne'-ko], Egyptian king, XII. 203. 
 
 Neck, the: see Boston, III. 116,1 b. 
 
 Neckak, or Necker, river of Germany, XII. 203. 
 Neckek, Jacques [Fr. na-kair], French states¬ 
 man, XII. 203. Susanne Curchod de Nasse, 
 his wife, 204, 2 b. 
 
 Neeles : see Fairies, VII. 64, 2 b. 
 
 Neco: see Necho. 
 
 Necrobi' osis, brain disease, III. 202, 1 a. 
 Neo'romancy, a form of divination, XII. 204. 
 Necromante’um , place for necromantic rites, 
 XII. 205, 1 a. 
 
 Necroph'orus (entomology), II. 476, 2 c. 
 Necro'sis, disease of bone, XII. 205. See 
 Gangrene, VII. 612, 1 b. 
 
 Nectan’abis, Egyptian usurper, 1.186,2 c, 187,1 a. 
 Nectandra leucantha (botany), VIII. 231, 1 a. 
 
 Synonyme,N.Rodiei,i5.; 301,2a; II.436,1c. 
 Nectar, in mythology, XII. 206. 
 
 Nectarine [nek'-ta-rin], fruit, XII. 206. 
 Nectarinia (ornithology), XV. 477, 1 ab. N. 
 ignicauda (ill.), ib. 
 
 Nectarius , archbishop of Constantinople, IV. 
 562, 1 c, 2 ab. 
 
 Nectary, of a flower, XII. 206. 
 
 Nectu'rus (zoology), XI. 391, 1 b. 
 
 Ne'cyomancy, a form of divination, XII. 204, 2 c. 
 Nedjed, country of Arabia, XII. 206. 
 
 Needle, for sewing, Xll. 208. 
 
 Needle , in weaving, XVI. 524, 1 ab. 
 
 Needlefish , so styled, XIII. 536, 1 c. 
 
 Needle gun: see Rifle, XIV. 329, 1 c, 331, 
 
 1 b (ill.); IX. 270, 2 b ; and Dreyse. In¬ 
 troduction of, I. 750, 2 a; inferior to the 
 Chassepot, 756, 2 b. 
 
 Needle point, lace, X. 78, 1 b. 
 
 Needles, Mont Blanc, XI. 776, 1 b. 
 
 Needles, The, cluster of rocks, XII. 209. 
 
 Neef [naif], Pieter, Flemish painter, XII. 209. 
 Neele, Henry, English author, XII. 209. 
 Neenah : see Fox River, VII. 363, 1 c. 
 
 Nees von Esenbeck, Christian Gottfried Da¬ 
 niel [nace fon a'-zen-bek], German botanist, 
 XII. 209. 
 
 Ne Exeat, legal writ, XII. 210. 
 
 Nefasti, in Roman law, VII. 93, 2 a. 
 
 Neff, Felix, Swiss missionary, XII. 210. 
 Negative slip: see Steam Engine, XV. 349, 2 b. 
 Negau'nee, city of Michigan, XII. 210. 
 Negligence, in law, XII. 210. 
 
 Negociants reunis [na-go-se-a ng ra-ii-ne], bank¬ 
 ing company, XII. 743, 2 c. 
 
 Negotiable bills and notes , in pawn, XIII. 196, 
 
 2 c. 
 
 Negotiable Paper, XII. 212. Indorsement 
 without recourse, 213, 1 ab. Waiver of 
 demand and notice, 214, 2 be. Days of 
 grace, 2 c. “ Without grace,” 215, 1 a. 
 Negrelli, Aloys von [na-grel'de], Austrian en¬ 
 gineer, XII. 215. 
 
NEGRETIA 
 
 NEPENTHES 
 
 541 
 
 Negretia prurient (botany), Y. 441, 2 b. 
 
 Negrier [na-gre-a], on tlie spontaneous ripen¬ 
 ing and discharge of ova, YI. 561, 1 c. 
 
 Negritos [na-gre'-toce], race, XII. 215 (ill.). 
 
 Negro, African, XII. 215 (ill.). See Ethnol¬ 
 ogy, YI. 787, 1 c. Negro languages: see 
 Africa, Languages of. 
 
 Negro, Rio: see Rio Negro. 
 
 “Negro-head see Tobacco, XY. 783, 1 be. 
 
 Negro mountain , Pennsylvania, I. 590, 2 b. 
 
 Negro plot, alleged, in New York (1741), XII. 
 407, 1 b. 
 
 Negropont, island: see Ettbcea. City: see 
 Ciialcis. 
 
 Negropon'te, channel: see Eitripus. 
 
 Negro slavery, origin of, XY. 95, 1 c. Num¬ 
 ber enslaved, 98, 2 b. 
 
 Negundo (botany), XI. 140, 2 c. N. aceroides, 
 ib. (ill., 141). 
 
 Negus, Abyssinian regal title, I. 46, 1 a ; XIII. 
 827, 1 a. 
 
 Nehavend [na-lia-vend'], battle of, XYI. 785, 
 2 ah; XIII. 323, 1 ab; XIY. 638, 1 a. 
 
 Neiiemiah, governor of Judea, and book of, 
 XII. 217. See Hebrews, YIII. 590, 2 ab. 
 “ Well of Nehemiah,” XII. 619, 1 b. 
 
 Neher, Bernhard von [na'-er], German painter, 
 XII. 217. 
 
 Nehiroirini: see Nascapees. 
 
 Nehlig, Yictor [na'-lig], American painter, 
 XII. 217. 
 
 Neilgherriet: see Neilgherry Hills (Index). 
 
 Neilgheery Hills [neel-gh&r'-e], India, XII. 
 218; YII. 789, 2 b, be. 
 
 Neilsville, county seat, IY. 636, 2 a. 
 
 Neipperg, Count Albert Adam von [nl'-pairg], 
 second husband of Maria Louisa, III. 48,1 a. 
 
 Neisse [nT-s&h], town of Prussia, XII. 218. 
 
 Neit-aher [nait-a'-ker], (Nitocris), YI. 460,1 a. 
 
 Neith [naith], Egyptian goddess, XII. 116, 1 c. 
 
 Nejd: see Nedjed. 
 
 Nekrasojf [ne-kra'-sof], Russian poet and Ni¬ 
 hilist, XIY. 499, 1 b, 2 a. 
 
 NSlaton, Auguste [na-la-to ng ], surgeon, XII.218. 
 
 Nelson, three counties, XII. 218. 
 
 Nelson, province of New Zealand, XII. 219. 
 Capital, 1 b. 
 
 Nelson, David, American clergyman, XII. 219. 
 
 Nelson, Horatio, Yiscount, British admiral, 
 XII. 219. Battle of Cape St. Yincent, 220, 
 1 a; of the Nile, 1 c. Treatment of the 
 Neapolitan insurgents, 2 be. Connection 
 with Lady Hamilton, 221, 1 b, be. Attack 
 on Copenhagen, 1 c. Battle of Trafalgar, 
 
 2 c. nis friendship for Lord Collingwood, 
 Y. 75, 2 ab, c. 
 
 Nelson, Samuel, American jurist, XII. 222. 
 Nelson, Thomas, statesman, XII. 222. 
 
 Nelson River, British America, XII. 223. 
 Nelumbium (botany): see Water Lily, XYI. 
 504, 1 a. N. luteum, 1 b (ill.). N. specio- 
 sum, 1 c; X. 649, 1 c. 
 
 Nelumbo, plant, XYI. 504, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Nem'aha, two counties, XII. 223. 
 
 Nematoidea (entozoa), YI. 668, 1 ab. 
 
 Nemausus: see Nimes. 
 
 Neme'an Games, in ancient Greece, XII. 223. 
 Nemean lion, fight with the, YIII. 679, 1 be. 
 Nemesianus, Marcus Aurelius Olympius, Latin 
 poet, XII. 223. 
 
 Nem'esis, in Grecian mythology, XII. 224. 
 See Adrastea. 
 
 Neme'sius, bishop and philosopher, XII. 224. 
 Nemet'acum, Nemetocen'na: see Arras. 
 Neme'tum: see Clermont, IY. 673, 1 c. 
 
 Nemi [na'-me], lake of Italy, XII. 224. 
 Nemorensis, lacus: see Nemi. 
 
 Nemossus: see Clermont, IY. 673, 1 c. 
 Nemours, Louis Charles Philippe Raphael d’Or- 
 16ans, duke de [nuli-moor], French prince, 
 
 XII. 224. 
 
 Nena Saotb : see Nana Sahib (Index). 
 Nennius, British historian, XII. 224. 
 Neograd: see N6grad. 
 
 Neocastro: see Navarino. 
 
 Neoc'orys Spraguei [spra'-ghe-i], (ornithology), 
 XY. 774, 1 c. 
 
 Neo-grecque architecture [na-o-grek], I. 666,1 a. 
 Ne'ophron perenop'terus (ornithology), XYI. 
 413, 1 a. 
 
 Neo-Platonism, XII. 224. See Alexandrian 
 ScnooL; Moral Philosophy, XI. 810, 1 c; 
 and Philosophy, XIII. 439, 1 a. 
 Neoptol'emus, son of Achilles, XII. 225. Offi¬ 
 cer of Alexander the Great, 2 a. 
 
 Neo'siio, county, XII. 225. 
 
 Neosho, county seat, XII. 345, 1 b. River, IX. 
 748, 1 a. 
 
 Neos'orex (zoology), XY. 7, 2 b. 
 
 Neot'oma (zoology), XIY. 212, 2 b. N. Flori- 
 dana, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Nepa (entomology), YIII. 629, 2 c. N. cinerea, 
 XYI. 500, 1 ab (ill.). N. apiculata, ib. 
 Nepaul', kingdom of India, XII. 225. 
 Nepaulese language, IX. 216, 2 c; 218, 1 ab, 
 Nepen'the, Egyptian drug, XII. 227. 
 Nepenthes (botany): see Pitcher Plants, 
 
 XIII. 549, 2 c. N. distillatoria, 550,1 be (ill.). 
 
542 
 
 NEPETA 
 
 NESTORIUS 
 
 Nep’eta cata'ria (botany), IY. 121, 2 c (ill., 122). 
 
 Neplielium litchi (botany), X. 525, 1 ab. Oth¬ 
 er species, 1 c. 
 
 Nephi, county seat, IX. 695, 2 a. 
 
 Neph!ila plulmipes (entomology), XY. 42, 2 c. 
 
 Nephralgia: see Neuralgia, XII. 257, 2 b. 
 
 Neph'rite: see Jade Nephrite. 
 
 Nephritis , desquamative: see Fevers, YII. 170, 
 2 b. Tubal nephritis, ib. 
 
 Nepigon: see Nipigon. 
 
 Nepissing : see Nipissing (lake). 
 
 Nepomucen', John, saint, XII. 227. 
 
 Nepomuk, John of [na'-po-mook]: see Nepo¬ 
 mucen. 
 
 Nepos, Cornelius, Roman author, XII. 227; X. 
 195, 1 ab. 
 
 Nepos , Julius , Roman emperor, XYI. 565, 1 c. 
 
 Neptune, god of the sea, XII. 227. 
 
 Neptune, planet, XII. 228. Discovery of, 
 YII. 575, 1 b. Previous calculation of its 
 place by Leverrier, X. 378, 2 b ; by Adams, 
 I. 98, 1 b. Observed by Lalande, and mis¬ 
 taken for a star: see Walker, Sears Cook, 
 XYI. 430, 1 a. Paper on its discovery by 
 Prof. Peirce, XIII. 228, 1 b. Satellite of, 
 first discovered, XII. 567, 1 a. 
 
 Neptune grotto , Adelsberg, I. 114, 1 b. 
 
 Neptunists , in geology, YII. 689, 1 b. 
 
 Nerac [na-rak], town of France, XII. 229. 
 
 Ner'acum, : see Nerao. 
 
 Nerbud'da, river of India, XII. 229. 
 
 Nereids [ne'-re-ids], in mythology: see Ne- 
 reus, Nymphs, and Fairies, YII. 63, 2 a. 
 
 Nereids, sea centipedes, XII. 229 (ill.). 
 
 Nere’is (annelida), XII. 229, 2 a. 
 
 Nereus [ne'-ruce], in mythology, XII. 229. 
 
 Neri, Filippo de’ [da na'-re], (St. Philip Neri), 
 XII. 230. 
 
 Neri (blacks), Guelphic faction at Florence, Y. 
 670, 2 c, ff.; YII. 277, 2 a; YIII. 297, 1 b. 
 
 Neriglissar , king of Babylonia, II. 190, 1 a. 
 
 Nerium (botany) : see Oleander, XII. 613, 2 a. 
 N. oleander, 2 b (ills.). 
 
 Nero, Roman emperor, XII. 230. See Agrip¬ 
 pina, I. 209, 1 b. 
 
 Nero, Claudius: see Claudius Nero. 
 
 Nero, Claudius Drusus : see Drusus. 
 
 Nero, Claudius Tiberius: see Claudius Nero, 
 Tiberius. 
 
 Nero Germanicus, Tiberius Claudius Drusus: 
 see Claudius I. 
 
 Nero'li [It. na'-ro-le]: see Orange, XII. 663, 
 2 c ; Perfume, XIII. 289, 2 b. 
 
 Neronia, ancient city, I. 773, 1 a. 
 
 NERTcniNSK [nSr-chinsk'j, town of Siberia, 
 XII. 231. Peace of, 2 be; I. 433, 2 b. 
 Nerthus: see IIertha. 
 
 Nerva, Marcus Cocceius, Roman emperor, XII. 
 
 231. Referred to, X. 197, 2 be. 
 
 Nerval, Gerard de: see Gerard de Nerval. 
 Nerve, XII. 232. Ischiatic nerve (ill.), ib. 
 Nervousfilaments, 1 be (ill.). Cranial and spi¬ 
 nal nerves, 235, 1 c (ill.). Olfactory nerves, 
 XY. Ill, 2 b; of reptiles, XII. 236, 1 a. 
 Motor nerves, 233, 1 a; 236, 1 c, 2 be; 237, 
 2 be. Sensitive nerves, 233, 1 a; 236, 1 c, 
 2 ab. Nerves of special sense, ib., 2 b. Ex- 
 cito-motory nerves, 2 a. Spinal nerves, 237, 
 2 a. See Brain. —Lesser internal cutaneous 
 nerve: see W risberg. Nerves of taste, XY. 
 581, 2 b. Recurrent laryngeal nerves, XYI. 
 398, 2 c. 
 
 Nerve Cell, XII. 233 (ill.). 
 
 Nerve fibres, III. 186, 2 c (ill.); XII. 232, 1 be 
 (ill.). 
 
 Nerve-root, medicinal, X. 91, 1 a. 
 
 Nervii, ancient people of Gaul, XII. 233. 
 Nervine, medicinal substance, X. 91, 1 a. 
 Nervous filaments, XII. 232, 1 be (ill.). 
 
 Nervous force , XII. 236, 1 b. 
 
 Nervous System, XII. 233. Of radiata, 234, 
 
 1 b*; of mollusca, ib. ; of articulata, 1 c; 
 of vertebrata, 2 b (ills.). Functions of the 
 several parts of, 236,1 a. Nature of nervous 
 force, 237, 1 ab. Reflex action of spinal 
 cord, 238, 1 a. Sympathetic or ganglionic 
 system, 1 c. Nervous diseases, 2 b. See 
 Brain, Diseases of the, and Neuralgia. 
 
 Nesho'ba, county, XII. 239. 
 
 Neslchi [nes'-ke], Arabic written character, I. 
 
 623, 1 a. Referred to, Y. 561, 2 b, c. 
 
 Nesiim [nes-e-eem'J: see Hebrews, YIII. 594,2 c, 
 Ness, county, XII. 239. 
 
 Ness, Loch , lake of Scotland, IX. 325, 1 a. 
 Nesselrode, Karl Robert von, count [nes'-sel- 
 ro-d&h], Russian statesman, XII. 239. His 
 circular respecting Russian commerce, XIII. 
 671, 2 b. Alluded to, I. 283, 2 b. 
 
 Nestor, legendary Grecian hero, XII. 240. 
 Nestor, Russian chronicler, XII. 240. 
 
 Nestor (ornithology), IY. 785, 1 c. N. pro- 
 ductus (ill.). N. australis, 2 a. 
 
 Nestorian character (writing), XY. 548, 1 a. 
 Nestorians, religious sect, XII. 240. History, 
 
 2 a. Present condition, 241,1 a. Protestant 
 missions among them, 2 b; XI. 647, 2 a. 
 See Barsuma. 
 
 Nestorius, patriarch of Constantinople, XII. 
 
NEST 
 
 NEVADA 
 
 543 
 
 241. His doctrine of the nature of Christ, 
 2 c. See Eutyciies, VI. 791, 1 b ; Mono- 
 rnYSiTEs, XI. 757, 1 b. 
 
 Nest, of anthracite, I. 550, 1 c. 
 
 Nests, birds', II. 655, 1 a, ff. 
 
 Ne sutor ultra crepidam, origin of the phrase, 
 I. 581, 2 a. 
 
 Netherlands, country of Europe, XII. 242. 
 Kingdom, 1 c. Hydrography, 2 b. Surface, 
 soil, productions, &c., 243,1 c. Population, 
 2 c. Industries, 244,1 ab. Commerce, 1 c. 
 Public institutions, 2 b. Education, 245, 
 
 1 a. Religion, 1 ab. Government, 1 c. His¬ 
 tory, 246, 1 c. Kingdom of the, established, 
 249, 1 c; II. 491, 1 ab. 
 
 Netherlands, Language and Literature of the, 
 XII. 249. 
 
 Netsciier, Gaspar or Kaspar, Dutch painter, 
 XII. 253. Theodore, 2 c. Constantine, ib. 
 Nettapus (ornithology), VIII. 105, 1 a; 107, 
 
 2 be. N. Coromandelianus, 2 c. 
 
 Nettement, Alfred Francois [net-ma" e ], French 
 
 author, XII. 254. Francis, author, 1 ab. 
 Nettion [net'-te-un], (ornithology), XV. 603, 
 
 1 be. N. Carolinensis, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Nettle, plant, XII. 254. Small nettle, 2 a (ill.). 
 Wood nettle^ 255,1 a. False nettle, ib. ; dead 
 nettle, ib. 
 
 Nettle Rash, XII. 255. 
 
 Nettleton, Asahel, American clergyman, XII. 
 255. 
 
 Nettle Tree: see Hackberry, and Elm, VI. 
 551, 2 c. 
 
 Neubeck [noi'-bek]: see Achard, Franz Karl. 
 Neu-Brandenburg, town, Germany, XII. 255. 
 Neu-Breisach : see Breisach. 
 
 Neuchdtel: see Neufchatel. 
 
 Neuf-Brisach : see Breisach. 
 
 Neufchatel [niih-sha-tel], canton of Switzer¬ 
 land, XII. 256. Lake, 1 a. Town, 1 c. Cas¬ 
 tle of, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Neufchatel asphaltic rock, XIII. 193, 1 c. 
 Neufchatel cheese, IV. 351, 2 c. 
 
 Neuhof, Theodor von, baron [noi'-hofe], Ger¬ 
 man adventurer, XII. 256. King of Corsica, 
 
 2 c. Col. Frederick, 257, 1 a. 
 
 Neuilly [nuh-ye], town of France, XII. 257. 
 Count of (Louis Philippe), 1 ab. Countess 
 of (Marie Am61ie), XI. 162, 1 c. 
 
 Neukomm, Sigismund, chevalier [noi'-kum], 
 German composer, XII. 257. 
 
 Neumann, Karl Friedrich [noi'-man], German 
 orientalist, XII. 257. 
 
 Neumann , Major, pseudonyme, XVI. G16, 1 b. 
 
 Neumeyer powder [noi'-mi-er], VII. 36, 1 c. 
 Neu-Pilsen: see Pilsen, XIII. 517, 2 ab. 
 Neuralgia, disease, XII. 257. Referred to, 
 VIII. 133, 1 a. Neuralgia of the brain, III. 
 202, 2 c. 
 
 Neurapoph’yses, in anatomy, XIII. 425, 1 a. 
 Neureuther, Eugen [noi'-roi-ter], German 
 painter, XII. 258. 
 
 Neurop'tera, order of insects, XII. 258. 
 Neurilemma: see Nerve, XII. 232, 1 b. 
 Neurom'ata: see Neuralgia, XII. 258,1 a. 
 Neuro'nia fascia'ta (entomology), III. 535,1 c. 
 Neuro'ses, nervous affections, III. 204, 2 be. 
 Neuroskeleton, XIII. 424, 1 a, c. 
 
 Neurypnology, I. 527, 1 b. 
 
 Neusatz [noi'-sats], town of Hungary, XII. 258. 
 Neuse, river of North Carolina, XII. 258. 
 Neusiedler Lake [noi'-zeed-ler], XII. 259. 
 Neuss [noice], town of Prussia, XII. 259. 
 Neu-Stkelitz [noi-stra'-lits], capital of Meck- 
 lenburg-Strelitz, XII. 259. Alt-Strelitz, 1 c. 
 Neus'tria, former kingdom in France, XII. 
 259 ; VII. 379, 1 a-c. 
 
 Neuters, ants, I. 540,1 ab; 541,1 a. Bees, II. 
 452, 1 ab ; 453, 2 be. 
 
 Neuters, American Indians, XII. 259. See 
 Attiwandaronk. 
 
 Neutra [noi'-tra], county of Hungary, XII. 
 259. Town, 2 b. 
 
 Neutral Nation, of Indians, II. 96, 1 a. 
 Neutrality, in international law, XII. 259. 
 Baltic code of, 260, 2 a. Contraband of war, 
 261, 1 a. Right of search, 1 c. Law of 
 blockade, 2 a. Law of marine insurance, 
 2 be.—Neutrality policy of Washington and 
 Adams, I. 90, 2 c; 91, 2 a: see Genest. 
 Neutrals, rights and duties of, X. 226, 2 c, 228, 
 1 be; XIV. 21, 1 a. See Blockade, Con¬ 
 traband, and Neutrality. 
 
 Neutral vessels, treatment of by decree of the 
 French directory, 1.115, 1 b (Adet). 
 Neuville, Hyde de: see Hyde de Neuyille. 
 Neuwied [noi'-veet], town, XII. 262. Princes 
 of, 2 a. Hermann, soldier and author, ib. 
 William, ib. Maximilian, traveller, 2 ab. 
 Neva [neh'-va], river of Russia, XII. 262; XIV. 
 550, 2 a. 
 
 Nevada [ne-va'-da], state, XII. 262. State seal 
 (ill.), 263. Population, 1 a. Topography, 2ab. 
 Rivers, 2 be. Lakes, 264, 1 a. Springs, 1 c. 
 Salt deposits, &c., 2 b. Geology, 265, 1 b. 
 Minerals, 2 a; silver mines, 2 b. Climate, 
 266,1 c. Flora, 2 a. Fauna, 267, 1 be. Ag¬ 
 riculture, 1 c. Manufactures, 2 a. Govern- 
 
544 
 
 NEVADA 
 
 NEW HAMPSHIRE 
 
 ment, 2 c. Finances, 268,1 be. Public insti¬ 
 tutions, 2 c. Education, ib. Libraries, &c., 
 269, 1 be. History, 1 c. 
 
 Nevada, two counties, XII. 269. 
 
 Nevada, county seats, XII. 270,1 a; XV. 406,1 b. 
 Nevers [nub-vair], town of France, XII. 270. 
 Neyiansk [nev-yansk'], Russia, XII. 270. 
 Neville’’s Cross [nev'-ils], battle of, III. 352, 2 c; 
 memorial, VI. 330, 1 c. 
 
 Nev'in, John Williamson, American clergyman, 
 XII. 270. 
 
 Nevis, island, West Indies, XII. 270. 
 
 New Albany, city of Indiana, XII. 270 (view). 
 New Albany, county seat, XVI. 112, 1 a. 
 
 New Albion: see Albion, New, and New Jer¬ 
 sey, XII. 310, 2 c. 
 
 New Almaden', California, III. 602, 2 b; XI. 
 401, 1 be. 
 
 New Amsterdam (New York), XVI. 151, 1 c, 
 2 a; XII. 407, 1 a. 
 
 New Archangel: see Sitka (Index). 
 
 Newark, city of New Jersey, XII. 271. 
 Newark, city of Ohio, XII. 273. 
 
 Newark, borough of England, XII. 273. 
 Newark lime and manufacturing company: see 
 Kingston, X. 8, 2 c. 
 
 Ne'wars, Nepaulese tribe, XII. 226, 2 ab. 
 Newaygo, county, XII. 273. 
 
 Newaygo, county seat, XII. 273, 2 a. 
 
 New Barcelona: see Barcelona, II. 304, 2 c. 
 New Bedford, city of Massachusetts, XII. 
 273 (view). 
 
 New’bern, city: see New Berne. 
 
 Newbern, county seat, XIV. 77, 2 c. 
 
 New Berne, city of North Carolina, XII. 274. 
 New'berry, county, XII. 274. 
 
 Newberry, John Strong, American geologist, 
 XII. 275. 
 
 Neicberry C. IT., county seat, XII. 274, 2 c. 
 
 New Biscay: see Durango, VI. 326, 2 c. 
 
 New Braunfels, county seat, V. 131, 2 b. 
 
 New Brighton, N. Y.: see Staten Island. 
 New Brighton, Pennsylvania, XII. 275. 
 
 New Britain, islands of, XII. 275. 
 
 New Britain, town of Connecticut, XII. 275. 
 New Brunswick, province of Canada, XII. 275. 
 
 Industrial statistics, 822-’3 (Appendix). 
 
 New Brunswick, city of New Jersey, XII. 278. 
 Newburgh, city of New York, XII. 279 (view). 
 Newbury, England, first battle of, IV. 280, 2 c ; 
 second, V. 502, 1 c. 
 
 Newburyport, city of Massachusetts, XII. 280 
 (view). University of modern languages, XI. 
 257,1 a. 
 
 New Calabar : see Calabar. 
 
 New Caledonia, island of Australasia, XII. 
 281. Numea, 2 c (view). 
 
 New Castle, county of Delaware, XII. 282. 
 
 New Castle, borough of Pennsylvania,XII. 282. 
 
 New Castle, county seats, V. 454, 2 a; X. 230, 
 1 a; XII. 282, 1 c. 
 
 Newcastle, county seats, VIII. 640, 2 c; 641, 
 1 b; XII. 500, 1 a. 
 
 Newcastle, William Cavendish, duke of, Eng¬ 
 lish general, XII. 282. Margaret Cavendish, 
 duchess of, authoress, 2 be. 
 
 Newcastle, or Newcastle-under-Lyme, Thomas 
 Holies Pelham, duke of, English statesman, 
 XII. 283. Henry Pelham Fiennes Pelham 
 Clinton, duke of, statesman, 2 a. Henry 
 Pelham Alexander, sixth duke of, 2 c. 
 
 Newcastle-under-Lyme, borough of England, 
 XII. 283. 
 
 Newcastle-upon-Tyne, borough of England, 
 XII. 284 (view). 
 
 New City, county seat, XIV. 369, 2 c. 
 
 Newcomb, Harvey [nu'-kum], American cler¬ 
 gyman and author, XII. 285. 
 
 Newcomb, Simon, astronomer, XII. 285. 
 
 Newcome, William, English archbishop,XII.285. 
 
 Newcomen engine , XV. 339, 2 be, 340, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 New Creek, county seat, XI. 577, 1 b. 
 
 New Dungeness, county seat, IV. 629, 1 a. 
 
 Newell, Robert Henry, American humorist, 
 XII. 285. 
 
 Newell, Samuel, missionary, XII. 285. Har¬ 
 riet Atwood, his wife, 2 c. 
 
 New England, XII. 286 ; XVI. 150, 2 b. 
 
 New England Primer, XVI. 568, 2 b. 
 
 Newfield (Bridgeport), III. 280, 2 a. 
 
 New Florence , slave station, III. 721, 1 a. 
 
 Newfoundland [nu'-fund-land], colony of Brit¬ 
 ish America, XII. 286. Island, 1 b. Descrip¬ 
 tion, 2 ab. Geology, 287, 2 ab. Minerals, 
 288, 1 a. Climate, 1 b. Flora, 1 c. Agri¬ 
 culture, 2 ab. Fauna, 2 c. Fisheries, ib. 
 Commerce, &c., 289,1 a. Government, 2 b. 
 Education, 290, 1 a. History, 2 a. 
 
 Newfoundland Dog: see Dog, VI. 180, 2 a 
 (ill.); XII. 288, 2 be; XV. 228, 1 c. 
 
 New France, French colony, XII. 278, 2 b. 
 
 Newgate prison, London, X. 594, 1 a; 611,1 c. 
 
 New Granada : see Colombia. Antiquities 
 of, I. 398, 2 b. 
 
 New Greek school of art, VII. 776, 1 b. 
 
 New Guinea: see Papua. 
 
 New Hampshire, state, XII. 291. State seal 
 (ill.). Population, 2 be. Topography, 292, 
 
NEW HAMPTON 
 
 NEW LONDON 
 
 545 
 
 1 c. Divers, 2 c. Lakes, 293, 1 b. Geology 
 and minerals, 1 c. Soil and climate, 2 c. 
 Flora and fauna, 294,1 b. Agriculture, 1 be. 
 Manufactures, 2 a. Commerce, 295, 1 b. 
 Intercommunication, 2 b. Banks, &c., 296, 
 1 ab. Government, 1 b. Finances, 297, 1 a. 
 Public institutions, 2 b. Education, 298,1 a. 
 Libraries, &c., 2 b. History, 299, 1 ab. 
 “New Hampshire Grants,” XVI. 318, 1 a; 
 554, 1 a; I. 328, 2 a. 
 
 New Hampton, county seat, IV. 418, 2 b. 
 
 New Hanover, county, XII. 299. 
 
 New Harmony, town of Indiana, XII. 299; 
 
 750, 2 a; X. 799, 1 be. 
 
 New Haven, county, XII. 299. 
 
 New Haven, city, Connecticut, XII. 300 (view). 
 New Hebrides, islands, Pacific ocean, XII. 301. 
 New Helvetia , fort of, XIV. 512, 2 b. 
 
 New Holland : see Australia. 
 
 New Holland vultures , III. 367, 1 b. 
 
 New Iberia, county seat, IX. 142, 1 b. 
 Newichawannoc , river, XIII. 541, 2 c. 
 
 New Ida, county seat, IX. 165, 2 b. 
 
 New Idria, California, VII. 489,1 c; XI. 401,2 a. 
 New Ilium, ancient city, XVI. 10, 1 a. Bank 
 of, II. 273, 1 b. 
 
 New Independents, religious sect, IX. 199, 2 b. 
 New Ireland, island, S. Pacific, XII. 301. 
 
 New Jersey, state, XII. 302. State seal (ill.). 
 Population, 1 c. Hydrography, 303, 1 a. To'- 
 pography, 1 b. Geology and minerals, 2 a. 
 Natural curiosities, 304, 2 be. Climate, 2 c. 
 Soil, 305,1 a. Productions, 1 ab. Agriculture, 
 
 1 be. Manufactures, 2 c. Commerce, 306,1 c. 
 Intercommunication, 307,1 a. Government, 
 
 2 c. Finances, 308, 2 a. Public institutions, 
 2 c. Education, 309, 1 b. Libraries, &c., 
 310,1 c. Religious organizations, 2 b. His¬ 
 tory, ib. Origin of the name, XVI. 151, 2 a. 
 
 New Jersey, College of: see Princeton, XIII. 
 
 842, 2 b (ill.). Establishment of, 812, 2 c. 
 New Jersey Tea, plant, XII. 312 (ill.). 
 
 New Jerusalem, church of the, XII. 312. Doc¬ 
 trines of: see Swedenborg. 
 
 New Kent, county, XII. 312. 
 
 New Kent G. H, county seat, XII. 312, 2 c. 
 New Lanark : see Lanark, X. 133, 2 b. 
 
 New Lebanon, town of New York, XII. 312. 
 Mount Lebanon, Shaker settlement, 313,1 a; 
 X. 298, 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 New Leon : see Nuevo Leon. 
 
 New Lights, religious sect so called, II. 201,1 b. 
 New Lisbon, county seats, V. 122, 2 b; IX. 
 713, 2 a. 
 
 35 
 
 New London, county, XII. 313. 
 
 New London, city, Connecticut, XII. 313 (view). 
 New London, county seat, XIV. 193, 2 c. 
 
 New Mad'rid, county, XII. 314. 
 
 New Madrid, county seat, XII. 314, 1 c. 
 Newman, Edward, English naturalist, XII. 314. 
 Newman, John Henry, clergyman and author, 
 XII. 314. Francis William, author, 315, 2 c. 
 Newmarket, town of England, XII. 316. 
 
 New Martinsville, county seat, XVI. 578, 2 c. 
 New Mexico, territory, XII. 316. Popula¬ 
 tion, 2 b. Surface, 317, 1 be. Rivers, 2 b. 
 Geology, 2 c. Minerals, 318, 1 a. Climate, 
 2 a. Diseases, 2 b. Productions, 2 c. Agri¬ 
 culture, 319, 1 b. Manufactures, 1 c. Inter¬ 
 communication, 2 a. Government, 2 b. 
 Education, 2 c. Religious organizations, 320, 
 1 b. History, 1 be. 
 
 New Milford, town of Connecticut, XII. 321. 
 Newnan, county seat, V. 441, 2 b. 
 
 New Netherland: see New York, XII. 371, 
 1 ab, and XVI. 151, 1 c. 
 
 New Orange (Albany, N. Y.), I. 248, 2 a. 
 
 New Oregon, county seat, IX. 18, 1 ab. 
 
 New Or'leans, capital of Louisiana, XII. 321 
 (view). Suburbs, 2 a. Streets, 322, 2 b. 
 Public buildings, 323, 1 ab. Diseases, 2 c. 
 Population, 324, 1 a. Intercommunication, 
 
 1 be. Commerce, 2 b. Manufactures, 325, 
 
 2 b. Government, 326, 1 a. Markets, 2 b. 
 Charitable associations, 327, 1 b. Educa¬ 
 tion, 2 b. Churches, 328, 2 a. History, 2 ab. 
 Founding of, ib.; II. 629, 2 c. Battle of, 
 IX. 490, 1 a. 
 
 New Philadelphia, county seat, XVI. 84, 1 b. 
 New Philippines : see Caroline Islands. 
 
 New Philippines: see Texas, XV. 676, 2 ab. 
 Newport, county, XII. 329. 
 
 Newport, city of Rhode Island, XII. 329 (view). 
 
 “ Old mill,” 330, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Newport, city of Kentucky, XII. 330. 
 Newport, county seats, IV. 787, 2 c; XV. 451, 
 1 a; XVI. 311, 2 b. 
 
 Newport, borough of Monmouthshire, England, 
 XII. 330. Of Hampshire, 331, 1 b. 
 Newport, Christopher, one of the founders of 
 Jamestown, Va., XII. 331. 
 
 New Providence, Bahama island, XII. 331. 
 New road, London, X. 593, 1 c. 
 
 New Ross, borough of Ireland, XII. 331. 
 
 New Russia (Yekaterinoslav), XVI. 779, 1 a, 
 Newry, borough of Ireland, XII. 331. 
 
 New Sarum : see Salisbury. 
 
 New Servia (Yekaterinoslav), XVI. 779, 1 a. 
 
546 
 
 NEW SOUTH 
 
 NEW YORK 
 
 New south shoal , off Nantucket, V. 710, 2 c. 
 New SouthWales, colony, Australia, XII. 331. 
 New Spain: see Mexico, XI. 476, 1 c. 
 
 New Sweden , settlement in Delaware, Y. 774, 
 
 1 be; XI. 622, 1 a; XVI. 151, 1 c. 
 
 Neva Syr os , town: see Syea. 
 
 Newspapees, XII. 334. English, 1 b ; French, 
 
 336, 1 c; Italian, 338, 1 a; Spanish, 1 c; 
 Portuguese, 2 a ; German and Austrian, 2 b; 
 Hungarian, 339, 2 be; Turkish, 340, 1 a; 
 Greek, 1 b; Dutch and Belgian, ib. ; Swiss, 
 
 2 a; Russian, 2 b; Scandinavian, 341, 1 a; 
 Chinese, 1 b; East Indian, 1 c; English colo¬ 
 nial, 2 a; Hawaiian and Japanese, 2 b; South 
 American, ib. ; American, 342,1 ab. See Ad- 
 veetisement, and Peeiodical Liteeatuee. 
 
 Newspaper Directory , American , I. 139, 1 b. 
 Newstead Abbey, family seat of Lord Byron, 
 XII. 344 (ill.). 
 
 Newt : see Teiton. 
 
 New Testament: see Bible. 
 
 New Toledo: see Cumana, Y. 565, 2 b. 
 Newton, name of six counties, XII. 344. 
 Newton, city of Massachusetts, XII. 345. 
 Newton , county seats, II. 228, 1 c; IY. 103, 
 2 c; Y. 642, 1 c; YIII. 503, 1 a; IX. 571, 
 2 a, 2 b; XII. 344, 2 c; XY. 494, 1 b. 
 Newton (Wilmington, N. C.), XYI. 649, 1 b. 
 Newton, Charles Thomas, English archaeologist, 
 XII. 345. His discovery of the Mausoleum, 
 YIII. 393, 1 c. 
 
 Newton, Gilbert Stuart, painter, XII. 345. 
 Newton, Sir Isaac, philosopher, XII. 346. His 
 improvements in telescopes, 2 a, be. Optical 
 researches, 347, 1 a; Y. 96, 1 a; YI. 746, 
 
 1 c; X. 435,1 be, 440, 2 be, 443, 1 c, 444, 
 
 2 a; XII. 654, 1 a. Theory of gravitation, 
 347, 2 ab; of the earth’s figure, 2 be, YI. 
 355, 1 ab, c. His Principia, XI. 317, 2 b, 
 318,1 ab ; XII. 348, 1 be. His quarrel with 
 Flamsteed, 2 c; VII. 258, 2 ab. Dispute 
 ■with Leibnitz, X. 324, 1 b; XII. 349, 1 b. 
 His writings, 2 a. Investigations in hydro¬ 
 mechanics, IX. 116, 1 a. His opinion of 
 Huygens, 98, 2 be. Term polarization sug¬ 
 gested by him, X. 445, 1 be. 
 
 Newton, John, clergyman, XII. 350. 
 
 Newton, Major Gen. John , blasting operations 
 of, II. 702, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Newton, Robert, English clergyman, XII. 351. 
 Newton, Thomas, bishop, XII. 351. 
 
 Newton's rings: see Light, X. 444, 1 b (ill.). 
 Newton's scale : see Light, X. 444, 2 b. 
 Newtown (Cambridge, Mass.), III. 643, 1 c. 
 
 Newtown (Hartford), YIII. 488, 2 c. 
 
 New Dim, county seat, III. 335, 1 be. 
 
 New Westminstee, capital of British Colum. 
 bia, XII. 351. 
 
 New Yeae’s Day, XII. 351. 
 
 New Yoek, state, XII. 352. State seal (ill.), 
 353. Population, 352, 2 b. Boundaries and 
 islands, 353, 2 be. Rivers, 354, 1 ab. Lakes, 
 2 a. Topography, 2 b. Geology, 355, 2 be. 
 Productions, 357, 1 b. Climate, 1 c. Natu¬ 
 ral curiosities, 2 a. Mineral springs, 2 b. 
 Agriculture, 2 c. Manufactures, 358, 2 a. 
 Commerce, 360, 1 a. Railroads, 2 a. Canals, 
 362, 1 c. Banks, &c., 363, 1 c. Govern¬ 
 ment, 364, 1 a. Finances, 365, 2 a. Public 
 institutions, 366, 1 a. Prison system, 367, 
 1 a. Education, 2 a. Newspapers, &c., 
 370, 1 b. Religious organizations, 2 b. His¬ 
 tory, 371, 1 a. Leisler’s revolt, X. 330, 2 a. 
 New Yoek, city, XII. 373. (Map.) Component 
 parts, 2 ab. Streets, 374, 2 a. Buildings, 
 375, 1 b; new post office, 376, 1 c (ill.); 
 custom house, 2 b (ill.); Grand Central 
 depot, 377, 1 b (ill.) ; Masonic temple, 1 c 
 (ill.). Churches, 377, 2 b; Trinity church, 
 
 377, 2 c (ill., 378); Reformed (Dutch) church, 
 
 378, 2 c (ill., 379); Temple Emanuel, 379, 
 
 1 b (ill.); Roman Catholic cathedral, 379, 
 
 2 a (ill., 380). Parks, 379, 2 c. Cemeteries, 
 381, 1 a. Climate, 1 b. Population, 2 b. 
 Hotels, 382, 2 c. Intercommunication, 383, 
 
 1 c. Harbor, 384, 1 ab. Foreign commerce, 
 
 2 b. Immigrants, 387, 2 a. Quarantine, 2 b. 
 Domestic receipts and exports, 2 c. Finan¬ 
 cial institutions, 390, 2 a. Government, 392, 
 
 1 c. Manufactures, 391, 2 ab. Water sup¬ 
 ply, 394, 1 b. Health, 2 b. Markets, 2 c. 
 Finances, 395, 2 a. Post office, 2 c. Pubhe 
 institutions, 396, 1 a. Private charitable 
 institutions, 397, 1 c. Religious societies, 
 400, 1 c. Education, 400, 2 b; normal 
 college, 401, 2 b (ill., 402). Scientific and 
 art societies, 404, 1 a; national academy of 
 design, 2 a (ill.). Places of amusement, 2 b ; 
 Booth’s theatre, ib. (ill.). Clubs, 405, 1 b. 
 Libraries, 1 c; Lenox library, 2 c (ill., 406). 
 Statistics of churches, 406, 1 a. The press, 
 
 2 a. History, 2 b. Leisler’s revolt, X. 330 k 
 2 a. Fires in : see Conflagkations, Y. 237, 
 1 b. Origin of name, XYI. 151, 2 a. Police 
 of, XIII. 662, 1 ab. 
 
 New York associated press , XII. 343,. 2 a. 
 
 Neio York system , in geology, VII. 696, 1 c, 
 XII. 355, 2 c. 
 
NEW ZEALAND 
 
 NICOLAUS 
 
 547 
 
 New Zealand, XII. 409. Islands, 1 b. Topog¬ 
 raphy, 2 a. Rivers and lakes, 2 be. Geol¬ 
 ogy, 2 c. Flora, 410, 1 c. Fauna, 2 ab. Cli¬ 
 mate, 411, 1 ab. Provinces and towns, 1 c. 
 Government, 2 ab. Industries, 2 c. Educa¬ 
 tion and religion, 412, 1 ab. The Maoris, 1 
 be. Language, 413, 1 c. History, 414, 1 a. 
 Net, Michel [na], duke of Elchingen and prince 
 of the Moskva, French soldier, XII. 414. 
 Joseph Napoleon, prince, 415, 2 c. 
 
 Nez Perce [na per'-se], county, XII. 416. 
 
 Nez Perces [Fr. na pair-sa], North American 
 Indians, XII. 416 ; IX. 166, lb; 11.436,1 be. 
 Ngami [nga'-me], lake of Africa, XII. 416; X. 
 548, 1 b. 
 
 Niadis [ne-a'-dees], class in Malabar, XI. 47, 2 b. 
 Niag'ara, river, XII. 416. Falls of, 417, 1 a 
 (ill.). Suspension bridge, 2 c. 
 
 Niagara, county, XII. 419. 
 
 Niagara, town of New York, XII. 419. Niag¬ 
 ara Falls, village, 1 c. 
 
 Niagara , battle of, X. 720, 1 a. 
 
 Niagara limestone , X. 252, 2 ab. 
 
 Niassa : see Nyassa. 
 
 Nibelungenhort [ne'-bgh-loong-en-hort], Nibe- 
 lung’s treasure, II. 645,1 ab. 
 Nibeltjngenlied [-leet], poem, XII. 419. 
 Nibelungennot [-note]: see Nibelungenlied. 
 Nibs , of cacao shells, IV. 789, 2 c. 
 
 Nic^e'a : see Nice, in Bithynia. 
 
 Niccea: see Nice, in France, XII. 427, 1 c. 
 Nican'der, Greek poet, XII. 420. 
 
 Nicaragua [ne-ka-ra'-gwa], republic, XII. 420 
 (map). East coast, 2 c. West coast, 422, 
 
 1 a. Mountains and plains, 1 be. Geology, 
 
 2 b. Climate, 423, 1 a. Soil and agricul¬ 
 ture, 1 b. Flora, 2 a. Fauna, 2 b. Divi¬ 
 sions and population, 424,1 a. Intercommu¬ 
 nication, 1 c. Commerce, 2 a. Government, 
 2 b. Education, 2 c. Religion, 425, 1 ab. 
 History, 1 b. 
 
 Nicaragua, Lake, XII. 425. 
 
 Nicaragua Wood : see Brazil Wood. 
 Niccolini, Giovanni Battista [nik-ko-le'-ne], 
 Italian poet, XII. 426. 
 
 Nice [neece], former province of Sardinia, 
 XII. 426. Town of France, 2 b (view, 427). 
 Nice, ancient city of Bithynia, XII. 427. 
 
 Nice, Councils of, XII. 428 ; I. 700, 1 b; IX. 
 164, 2 b. 
 
 Nicene creed , XII. 428, 2 a. Term Filiogue in 
 the, ib. ; 611, 1 be; X. 346, 2 a. 
 
 Niceph'orus, Byzantine emperor, IX. 363, 1 c. 
 Hie refusal to pay tribute to Haroun al- 
 
 Raschid, VIII. 472, 1 a; defeat and over¬ 
 throw, 1 ab.—Nicephorus Bryennius, noble¬ 
 man, I. 528, 2 a. Nicephorus Phocas, usurper, 
 
 II. 361,.2 c. Nicephorus Xiphias, general, 
 362, 1 a. 
 
 Niceron, Jean Pierre [ne-sa-ro" 8 ], French au¬ 
 thor, XII. 428. 
 
 Nice'tas , of Syracuse, II. 44, 1 c (Astronomy). 
 Nichol, John Pringle [nik'-ul], Scottish as¬ 
 tronomer, XII. 428. 
 
 Nicholas, two counties, XII. 429. 
 
 Nicholas, name of five popes and one anti¬ 
 pope, XII. 429. Nicholas I., the Great, and 
 Saint, 1 be. Nicholas V. (Tommaso Paren- 
 tucelli), 2 be. Nicholas V., antipope (Pie¬ 
 tro da Corvario), IX. 647, 2 be. 
 
 Nicholas I., emperor of Russia, XII. 430. 
 His influence on Russian literature, XIV. 
 497, 2 b. His visit to Pope Gregory, VIII. 
 245, 2 c. 
 
 Nicholas, Saint, bishop of Myra, XII. 431. 
 Nicholasville , county seat, IX. 623, 2 a. 
 Nichols, Ichabod, American clergyman, XII. 
 431. 
 
 Nichols, John, English printer, XII. 431. 
 Nicholson , Margaret , her attempt to kill George 
 
 III. , VII. 708, 1 be. 
 
 Nicholson’s hydrometer , IX. 124, 1 a (ill.). 
 Nicias, Athenian general, XII. 431. Peace 
 of, 2 b. Syracusan expedition, 2 be; VIII. 
 193, 2 a, be; XV. 542, 2 be. Rivalry with 
 Alcibiades, I. 262, 1 c. 
 
 Nickel, metal, XII. 431. Ores of, 2 c ; nickel 
 glance, 432,1 ab ; emerald nickel, 1 b. Com¬ 
 pounds of, 2 a. Nickel plating, 433, 1 c. 
 Nichelerz , weisses [vF-sess nik'-el-airts], ore, 
 XII. 432, 1 b. 
 
 Nickelous chloride , XII. 432, 2 b. N. nitrate, 
 
 433, 1 a. N. sulphate, 1 ab. 
 
 Nicobar Islands, Indian ocean, XII. 433. 
 Nicode'mus, Jewish ruler, XII. 434. 
 
 Nic'ol, Erskine, British painter, XII. 434. 
 Nicol , optician, prism of, X. 446, 2 c (ill.). 
 Nicolai, Christoph Friedrich [ne-ko-lF], Ger¬ 
 man author, XII. 434. 
 
 Nicolai, Karl Otto Ehrenfried, composer, XII. 
 
 434. 
 
 Nicolaiev : see Nikolayev. 
 
 Nicola'itans, sect, XII. 434; VIII. 54, 1 b. 
 Nicolas, Sir Nicholas Harris, English anti¬ 
 quary, XII. 435. 
 
 Nicolas of Antioch , supposed founder of the 
 Nicolaitans, XII. 434, 2 c; VIII. 54, 1 b. 
 Nicola'us: see Nicolas of Antioch (Index). 
 
548 
 
 NICOLE 
 
 NILE 
 
 Nicole, Pierre [ne-kul], French moralist, XII. 
 435. 
 
 Nicolet [ne-khh-la], county ot Canada, XII.435. 
 
 Nicollet [nik-ul-la'J, county of Minnesota, 
 XII. 435. 
 
 Nicollet, Jean Nicolas, explorer, XII. 435. 
 
 Nicolo da Pisa : see Pisano. 
 
 Nicomachus [ni-kom'-a-kus], Greek painter, 
 XIL 435. Philosopher, 436,1 a. 
 
 Nicomedes [nik-o-me'-deez], name of three 
 Bithynian kings, XIL 436. Nicomedes I., 
 la; II. 669, 2 a. Nicomedes II., Epiphanes, 
 XII. 436, 1 b. Nicomedes III., Philopator, 
 1 be ; II. 669, 2 ab. 
 
 Nicomedi'a, capital of Bithynia, XII. 436. 
 
 Nicop'oli, city of Bulgaria, XII. 436. 
 
 Nicopolis, city of ancient Greece, XIL 436; 
 L 384, 2 a. 
 
 Nicopolis : see Nicopoli. 
 
 Nicosia, capital of Cyprus, XII. 436. 
 
 Nicosia, town of Sicily, XIL 436. 
 
 Nicot, Jean [ne-ko], French diplomatist, XII. 
 437. See Tobacco, XY. 779, 2 c. 
 
 Nicotia, active principle of tobacco, XIL 437. 
 First extraction of, II. 334, 1 a. 
 
 Nicotiana (botany), XY. 780, 1 a. N. taba- 
 cum, 1 ab (ill.). Origin of the name, XIL 
 437, 1 a; XY. 779, 2 c. 
 
 Nicotianine [ne-ko'-sha-nin], odorous principle 
 of tobacco, XIL 437, 1 c; XY. 784, 1 a. 
 
 Nicotine [nik'-o-tin]: see Nicotia. 
 
 Nico'ya, Gulf of, Costa Rica, XII. 437. 
 
 Nictheroy [nik-ta-ro'-e], city of Brazil, XIY. 
 339, 2 a. 
 
 Nictitan'tes (ichthyology), XIY. 827, 1 b. 
 
 Nictitating membrane , XY. 604, 1 be. In 
 birds, II. 654, 2 a (ill., 652). 
 
 Niebuhr, Barthold Georg’ [ne'-boor], German 
 historian and statesman, XII. 437. His “His¬ 
 tory of Rome,” 438, 1 c. Discovery of the 
 palimpsest of the Institutes of Gaius, YII. 
 555, 2 b; XI. 132, 2 b. 
 
 Niebuhr, Ivarstens, traveller, XII. 438. His 
 theory in regard to the cuneiform inscrip¬ 
 tions, Y. 571, 2 b. 
 
 Niederbeuthen [ne'-der-boi-ten]: see Beuthen. 
 
 Niedermeyer, Louis [ne'-der-ml-er], composer, 
 XII. 439. 
 
 Niel, Adolphe [nyel], French general, XII. 439. 
 
 Niello work [ne-el'-lo], YI. 649, 1 a. 
 
 Niemann, Albert [ne'-man], German singer, 
 XIL 439. 
 
 Niembsch von Strehlenau [neempsh fon stra'- 
 leh-now]: see Lenau, Nikolaus. 
 
 Niemcewicz, Julian Ursin [nyem-ts&k'-vick], 
 Polish author, XII. 439. 
 
 Niemen [nya'-men], river, XIL 440. 
 
 Niemeyer, August Hermann [ne'-ml-er], Ger¬ 
 man author, XIL 440. 
 
 Niepce, Joseph Nicephore [nyeps], French 
 chemist, XIL 440; X. 528, 1 c. See Da¬ 
 guerre. 
 
 Niepce de Saint-Yictor, Claude Marie Fran¬ 
 cois [duh sa Dg -vik-tor], chemist, XII. 440. 
 His experiments on light, YII. 290, 2 c. 
 
 Nieshin [nyesh-in'j, town of Russia, XII. 440. 
 
 Nieuwentyt, Bernardus [ne'-ven-tite], Dutch 
 mathematician and philosopher, XII. 440. 
 
 Nieuwerkerke, Alfred Lmilien de, count 
 [nyuh-vair-kairk], French sculptor, XIL 441. 
 
 Nieuwland: see Spitzbergen, XY. 279, 2 a. 
 
 Nievre [nyaivr’j, French department, XII. 441. 
 
 Niflheim [nif’l'-hime], in Norse mythology, 
 XII. 119, 2 b. 
 
 Niger, river of Africa, XIL 441 , I. 166, 1 c. 
 
 Night butterfly , XI. 867, 2 b. 
 
 Night Hawk, bird, XII. 442 (ill.). 
 
 Night Heron, bird, XIL 443 (ill.). 
 
 Nightingale, bird, XII. 443 (ill., 444). 
 
 Nightingale, Florence, English philanthropist, 
 XII. 444; X. 602, 1 b. 
 
 Nightmare, XIL 444. 
 
 Nightshade, plant, XIL 445. Common, 1 ab 
 (ill.). Enchanter’s, 2 ab. Deadly: see Bel¬ 
 ladonna. Three-leaved: see Trillium, XY. 
 867, 1 a. Nightshade family, 154, 2 ab (So- 
 lanum). A species referred to, I. 601, 1 c. 
 
 Nigritia: see Soodan. 
 
 Nihil zinc white, XYI. 816,2 ab; 817,2 c. 
 
 Nihilists , Russian party, XIY. 499, 1 a-c. 
 
 Niigata [ne-e-ga'-ta], seaport of Japan,XII.445, 
 
 Nijmegen [ni'-meh-ghen]: see Nimeguen. 
 
 Nijni Novgorod : see Nizhni Novgorod. 
 
 Ni'Jce Ap'teros , temple of, II. 64, 1 b. 
 
 Nikko, mountain range of Japan, XII. 445. 
 
 Nikolayev [nik-o-la'-yev], town of Russia, 
 XII. 446 (view). 
 
 Nikolsburg [ne'-kolss-boorg], town of Mo¬ 
 ravia, XII. 446. 
 
 Nikshity , fortress of Bosnia, III. 112, 1 ab. 
 
 Nile, river of Africa, XII. 446. Blue Nile, 
 1 be. White Nile, 1 b. Sources of the, 447, 
 1 ab. Course to the Blue Nile, 448, 2 a; 
 from their junction, 449, 1 c. The delta, 
 451, 2 c. Inundations of the Nile, 452, 1 b. 
 Basin of the, 2 ab. Fauna and flora, 2 c. 
 Explorations, ib. Its alluvial matter dis¬ 
 tributed by sea currents, XIII. 452, 2 a. See 
 
NILE 
 
 NITROUS 
 
 549 
 
 Africa, I. 166, 2 ab; Egypt, VI. 454, 2 be, 
 455, 2 ab. 
 
 Nile, battle of the , I. 30, 2 a; XII. 220, 1 c. 
 
 Niles, city of Michigan, XII. 453. 
 
 Niles, Ilezekiali, American journalist, XII.453. 
 
 Niles, Nathaniel, inventor, XII. 453. 
 
 Nilghau [nil'-gaw]: see Antelope, I. 546, 2 a. 
 
 Nilom'eter , XII. 452, 1 c; III. 554, 1 b. 
 
 Nils'son, Christine, Swedish vocalist, XII.453. 
 
 Nilsson, Sven, naturalist, XII. 454. 
 
 Nimeguen [ne'-meh-ghen], town of the Nether¬ 
 lands, XII. 454. Treaty or peace of, IV. 
 301, 1 c; VII. 383, 2 b. 
 
 NImes [neem], city of France, XII. 454. Mai- 
 son carr6e, 2 b (ill.). Amphitheatre, 2 c (ill., 
 455). Aqueduct of, I. 613, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Nimrod, son of Cush, XII. 455. See Chaldea, 
 IV. 228, 2 b, c, 230, 2 a. 
 
 Nimrod , pseudonyme : see Apperley. 
 
 Nimrud [nim-rood'], mounds of: see Nineveh, 
 XII. 457, 1 b, c; Layard, X. 238, 2 be. 
 
 Nimrud, Birs : see Babel, and Babylon. 
 
 Nimwegen [nim'-wa-ghen]: see Nimeguen. 
 
 Nine-baric, shrub, XV. 274, 2 b. 
 
 Nin'eveh, capital of ancient Assyria, XII. 456. 
 Site, 1 c (plan). Explorations of, 2 a. Mounds 
 of, 2 b. Discoveries at, 457, 1 c, ff. (ill.). 
 See Layard, and Assyria, I. 34, 2 ab, ff. 
 
 Ningpo', city of China, XII. 459. 
 
 Ninon de l’Enolos : see L’Enclos. 
 
 Niobe [ni'-o-be], in Greek mythology, XII. 459. 
 
 Nio'bium : see Columbium. 
 
 Niobrara, county seat, X. 33, 1 a. River, V. 
 639, 1 c. 
 
 Niort [ne-or], town of France, XII. 459. 
 
 Nipdli [ne-pa'-le]: see Nepaulese (Index). 
 
 Niph'on : see Nippon. 
 
 Nipigon, lake of Canada, XII. 460. 
 
 Nip'issing, district of Canada, XII. 460. 
 
 Nipissing, lake, XII. 460. 
 
 Nipissings, Indian tribe, XII. 460. 
 
 Nipmucks, American Indians, XI. 260, 1 c, 2 b. 
 
 Nipnets: see Nipmucks (Index). 
 
 Nippon, main island of Japan, XII. 460. 
 
 Nirvana [neer-va'-na], in Buddhism, III. 399, 
 1 b; XII. 435, 2 a. 
 
 Nisard, Je'an Marie Napoleon Desir6 [ne-zar], 
 French author, XII. 460. Marie Edouard 
 Charles, author, 461, 1 ab. 
 
 Nish: see Nissa. 
 
 Nis'ibis, ancient city of Mesopotamia, XII. 461. 
 
 Nisi Prius, in law, XII. 461; V. 430, 2 b. Ori¬ 
 gin of the term, II. 32, 1 c. 
 
 Nismes: see NImes. 
 
 Nisroch , Assyrian god, II. 37, 1 b. 
 
 Nissa, town of European Turkey, XII. 461. 
 
 Nissage-Saget [nees-sazh-sa-zha], president of 
 Hayti, VIII. 553, 1 b. , 
 
 Nisses: see Fairies, VII. 64, 1 a, 2 ab. 
 
 Nito'cris, queen of Babylonia, II. 186, 2 c, 190, 
 1 a-c. 
 
 Nitocris , queen of Egypt, VI. 460, 1 a. 
 
 Nitra’ria tridenta'ta (botany), X. 649, 1 c. 
 
 Nitrate bath: see Photography, XIII. 470, 1 c. 
 
 Nitrates, XII. 461. Nitrate of potash, 2 c. 
 Of soda, 462, 2 c. Of silver, 463, 1 ab; its 
 action as a caustic, 1 b, IX. 127, 2 b; use 
 in photography, XIII. 470, 1 c. Of ammo¬ 
 nium, XII. 463, 2 a. Of barium, 2 b. Of 
 bismuth, 2 be. Of cobalt, 464, 1 a. Of cop¬ 
 per, 1 ab. Nitrates of iron, 1 b; of lead, 
 
 1 c; of mercury, 2 a. Alcoholic nitrates, 
 
 2 b : see Nitrites. Nitrate of amyl, I. 447, 
 2 b. Of calcium, X. 479, 1 be. 
 
 Nitre : see Nitrates, XII. 461, 2 c. Sweet 
 spirits of, 466, 2 b. Nitre in caves and cel¬ 
 lars accounted for, VI. 707, 2 a. 
 
 Nitria, valley of, XI. 728, 2 c. 
 
 Nitric Acid, XII. 464. Manufacture, 465,1 b 
 (ill.). Properties, 2 a. Nitric acid gas pro¬ 
 cess, in manufacture of India rubber, VIII. 
 103, 1 c. 
 
 Nitric ethers, XII. 464, 2 b. Nitric ether, 466, 
 2 b. Nitric oxide, 467, 1 c. Nitric perox¬ 
 ide, 2 c. 
 
 Nitrides [nl'-trids], XII. 468, 1 a. Nitride of 
 copper, 1 b ; of boron, ib. 
 
 Nit'rion, XII. 464, 2 c; XIV. 583, 1 a. 
 
 Nitrites, XII. 466. Nitrite of amyl, 2 a; of 
 ethyl, 2 b ; of methyl, 2c; of butyl, ib. 
 
 Nitro-acetonitril (acid), VII. 39, 1 a. 
 
 Nitro-benzole, II. 546, 1 b. 
 
 Nitrogen, XII. 466. Proportion in the atmos¬ 
 phere, 1 c; II. 83, 2 c. Chief function of, 
 84, 2 b. Chloride of, VII. 38, 2 ab. Deu- 
 toxide of, XII. 467, 1 c. Peroxide of, 2 be. 
 
 Nitro-glycerine [nl'-tro-glis'-er-in]: see Ex¬ 
 plosives, VII. 36, 2 a. 
 
 Nitro-mannite: see Mannite, XI. 120, 1 c. 
 
 Nitro-Muriatic Acid, XII. 468. 
 
 Nitrogenous tissues [ni-troj'-e-nus], in plants 
 and animals, XII. 467, 1 be. 
 
 Nitroleum, explosive, VII. 36, 2 a. 
 
 Nitrophenisic acid: see Picric Acid. 
 
 Nitrosion, XII. 467, 2 be; XIV. 583, 1 a. 
 
 Nitrous Acid : see Nitrogen, XII. 467, 2 be. 
 
 Nitrous Oxide [ox'-id], XII. 468. 
 
 Nitrous anhydride [an-hi'-drid], XII. 467, 2 b. 
 
550 
 
 NITRUM 
 
 NONCONFORMISTS 
 
 Nitrum, kind of salt, XIII. 756, 2 a. Nitrum 
 vitriolatum, 761, 1 c. 
 
 Nitzsoh, Friedrich August Berthold [nitsh], 
 German theologian, XII. 468. 
 
 Nitzsch, Karl Ludwig, theologian, XII. 468. 
 Karl Immanuel, theologian, 2 c. Gregor 
 Wilhelm, philologist, 469, 1 a. Karl Wilhelm, 
 historian, 1 b. 
 
 Niyelles, or Nivelle [ne-vel], town of Belgium, 
 XII. 469. “Jean de Nivelle,” statue, 2 a; 
 nobleman, ib. 
 
 Nivernais [ne-vair-na], old province of France, 
 XII. 469. 
 
 Nixes: see Fairies, VII. 64, 2 be. 
 
 Nizam, and Nizam’s Dominions : see Hydera¬ 
 bad, and India, IX. 201, 1 c, 210, 1 be. 
 
 Nizam-jadid , body of troops, IX. 526, 2 be. 
 
 Nizhegorod : see Nizhni Novgorod. 
 
 Nizh'ni Novgorod, government of Russia, 
 XII. 469. Capital city, 470, 1 b (view, 469). 
 Fair at, VII. 59, 2 b. Sewerage of, XIV. 
 797, 1 be. 
 
 Nizibin, Nizib : see Nisibis. 
 
 Nizza [neet'-sa]: see Nice. 
 
 Nizzard [ne-zar], Provencal dialect,XII.427,lbc. 
 
 No: see Thebes, XV. 687, 2 ab. 
 
 Noah, Hebrew patriarch, XII. 470. 
 
 Noah, Mordecai Manuel, American journalist, 
 XII. 470. 
 
 Noailles [no-ay’], French noble family, XII. 
 470. Antoine de, grand admiral and diplo¬ 
 matist, 2 be. Anne Jules, duke de, general, 
 2 c. Adrien Maurice, duke de, marshal of 
 France, 471, 1 a. Louis Marie, viscount de, 
 general, 1 b. Paul, duke de, historian, 1 be. 
 Emmanuel Victurnien Henri, marquis de, 
 diplomatist, 1 c. 
 
 No-Ammon: see No (Index). 
 
 Nobel, Alfred, manufacturer of nitro-glycerine, 
 VII. 36, 2 ab ; 37, 1 c, 2 c. 
 
 Nobili [no'-be-le], physicist: see Animal Elec¬ 
 tricity, I. 518, 2 c, 519, 1 c. His thermo¬ 
 electric pile, VI. 81, 1 b. 
 
 Nobili, Roberto de\ Jesuit missionary (Italian), 
 
 X. 837, 2 c. 
 
 Noble, two counties, XII. 471. 
 
 Noble, Louis Legrand, American clergyman, 
 XII. 471. 
 
 Noble, Mark, English clergyman, XII. 471. 
 
 Noble, Samuel, English clergyman, XII. 471. 
 
 Noble, Capt. W. H ., VIII. 326, 1 be; 331, 2 a. 
 
 Noble metals , among alchemists, I. 335, 1 b. 
 
 Nobles, county, XII. 472. 
 
 Noblesville , county seat, VIII. 413, 2 a. 
 
 Nobttnaga [no-boo-na'-ga], Japanese warrior 
 and legislator, XII. 472; IX. 542, 2 b. 
 Nocera [no-cha'-ra]: see Lucera. 
 
 Noc'thora (zoology), VI. 229, 1 c. 
 
 Noctilu'ca , Roman deity, X. 715, 1 b. 
 
 Noc'tua xyli'na (entomology), V. 419, 2 b (ill.). 
 Noctuce (entomology), XI. 869, 2 c. 
 
 Noctucelites [nok-tu-e'-le-teez], (entomology), 
 
 XI. 869, 2 c. 
 
 Nocturnal men (albinos), I. 253, 2 b. 
 
 Nodal points and lines , I. 71, 2 a. 
 
 Nodal sound figures, Chladni’s, I. 71, 2 b (ill.). 
 Nodaway, county, XII. 472. 
 
 Noddle's island, Boston harbor, III. 116, 1 be. 
 Noddy, bird, XII. 472 (ill.). 
 
 Node, in plants, XIII. 576, 1 b. 
 
 Nodier, Charles [nuh-de-a], author, XII. 473. 
 Noe, Amadee [nuh-a]: see Cham. 
 
 Noel, Baptist Wriothesley, English clergyman, 
 
 XII. 473. 
 
 Noel-Fearn: see Christmas, Henry. 
 
 Noetians [no-e'-shans], religious sect, XII. 473. 
 Noetus: see Noetians, Patripassians, and 
 Sabellius. 
 
 Nceud vital [null ve-tal], III. 189, 1 c (Brain). 
 NoGGERATn, Jakob [nog'-ger-at], German ge¬ 
 ologist, XII. 473. (Died 1877.) 
 
 N6grad, county of Hungary, XII. 473. 
 
 Noils: see Wool, Manufactures of, XVI. 721,1 a. 
 Noir, Victor [nwar], French journalist, XII. 
 
 473 ; III. 36, 1 b. 
 
 Nola, city of Italy, XII. 473. 
 
 Nola, bell, II. 495, 2 ab. 
 
 Noldeke, Theodor [nol'-deh-keh], German ori¬ 
 entalist, XII. 473. 
 
 Nollekens, John, English sculptor, XII. 473. 
 Nol'le Pros'equi, in law, XII. 474. 
 
 Nombril, in heraldry, VIII. 671, 2 a. (Plate.) 
 Nomen: see Names, XII. 127, 2 a. 
 Nomenclature, Chemical, XII.474. Elements, 
 2 c. Compounds, ib. ; of oxygen, 475,1 be; 
 of sulphur, 476, 1 ab; of other elements, 1 b. 
 Ternary compounds, 2 b. Combination in 
 different proportions, 477, 1 ab. Defects in 
 the old system, 477, 2 b. Compound radi¬ 
 cles, 478,1 a. Changes in nomenclature, 2 b. 
 Nomen Latinum: see Latium, X. 202, 2 b. 
 Nominalism: see Philosophy, XIII. 439, 2 a. 
 Nominalists and realists, I. 707, 1 b; XIII. 
 439, 2 a. 
 
 Nominating conventions, origin of, IV. 135,2 b, c. 
 Nonagrians (entomology), XI. 869, 2 c. 
 
 Non compos mentis: see Lunacy, X. 715, 2 ab. 
 Nonconformists, XII. 479. 
 
NONES 
 
 NORTHERN 
 
 551 
 
 Nones: see Calendar, III. 579, 1 a. 
 None-so-pretty, plant, XVI. 363, 1 a. 
 Non-importation associations , XVI. 155, 1 b, c. 
 Non-intercourse act , under Madison, X. 825, 2 b. 
 Nonius: see Nunez , Pedro (Index). 
 
 Nonpareil [non-pa-rel'J, bird, VII. 192, 2 c. 
 
 Size of type, XIII. 847, 1 a. 
 
 Non-resistance society , New England , origin of, 
 VII. 630, 1 b. 
 
 Nonsuch , plant, X. 703, 2 a. 
 
 Nonsuit, in law, XII. 479. 
 
 Noobas: see Nubia, XII. 530, 1 c. 
 
 Noor Mahal , wife of Jehangbir, IX. 208, 2 c. 
 Tomb (correctly, of Mumtazi Mahal, wife of 
 Shah Jehan), I. 191, 1 be, c (ill.). 
 
 Nootka Sound, Vancouver island, XII. 480. 
 Nootkas, family of Indian tribes, XII. 480. 
 
 “ No-popery ” riots , VIII. 112, 2 a. 
 
 Norbert , Saint , XIII. 807, 2 b. 
 
 Norbertines: see Premonstratensians. 
 
 Nord, Le [luh nor], department of France, 
 XII. 480. 
 
 Nordenskjold, Adolf Erik [nor'-den-sliold], 
 Swedish explorer, XII. 480. 
 
 Nordhausen [nort'-how-zen], town of Prussia, 
 XII. 480. 
 
 Nordhausen acid (sulphuric), XV. 458, 2 be. 
 
 Distillation of, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Nordhoff, Charles, American author, XII. 481. 
 Nordlingen [nort'-ling-en], Bavaria, XII. 481. 
 Nordmaric , III. 209, 2 ab (Brandenburg). 
 Nore : see Thames, XV. 683, 1 be. 
 
 Norfolk, two counties, XII. 481. 
 
 Norfolk, county of Canada, XII. 481. 
 Norfolk, county of England, XII. 482. 
 Norfolk, city of Virginia, XII. 482 (view). 
 Norfolk , county seat, X. 821, 2 a. 
 
 Norfolk, Duke of: see Howard, Thomas. 
 Norfolk Island, XII. 483. Norfolk island 
 pine, 1 be. 
 
 Norge [nor'-ggh] : see Norway. 
 
 Norian group of rocks, VII. 695, 2 c. 
 
 Nor'icum, in ancient geography, XII. 483. 
 Norite , in geology, VII. 695, 2 c. 
 
 Norium: see Element, Chemical, VI. 517, 2 a. 
 Normal Schools, XII. 483. 
 
 Norman architecture , I. 661, 1 b; 662, 2 a. 
 Nor'manby, Constantine Henry Phipps, mar¬ 
 quis of, statesman, XII. 484. 
 
 Normandy, old province of France, XII. 484. 
 Duchy, 2 a. 
 
 Normans: see Northmen. 
 
 Norma verticalis , Blumenbach’s, VI. 753, 2 c. 
 Norrbin , Swedish chemist, VII. 38, 2 c. 
 
 Norrbotten, province of Sweden, XII. 485. 
 
 Norrige [nor'-re-gSh]: see Norway. 
 
 Norris, John, English clergyman, XII. 484. 
 
 Norristown, borough, Pennsylvania, XII. 485. 
 
 Norrland, "Wester: see "Wester Norrland. 
 
 Norrkoping [nor'-cho-ping], town of Sweden, 
 XII. 485. 
 
 Norse Languages: see Iceland, Denmark, 
 Sweden, and Norway, Languages and Lit¬ 
 erature of. 
 
 North, Christopher: see "Wilson, John. 
 
 North , Sir Dudley (1641—’91, merchant and 
 financier, brother of Lord Guilford), on po¬ 
 litical economy, XIII. 666, 2 c. 
 
 North, Francis, Lord Guilford, English jurist, 
 XII. 485. Frederick, earl of Guilford and 
 Baron North, statesman, 486, 1 b. 
 
 North Adams: see Adams, Mass. 
 
 North Albingia , VIII. 772, 2 a (Holstein). 
 
 North America : see America. 
 
 North American phalanx , socialist experiment, 
 VIII. 223, 2 b. 
 
 Northampton, three counties, XII. 486. 
 
 Northampton, town of Massachusetts, XII. 487. 
 
 Northampton, borough of England, XII. 487. 
 
 Northampton (now Allentown), I. 331, 1 b. 
 
 Northampton table , for life insurance, X. 425,2 a. 
 
 Northamptonshire, county, England, XII. 487. 
 
 North Bridgewater: see Bridgewater, III. 
 281, 2 b. 
 
 “ North Briton ,” the: see Wilkes, John. 
 
 Northbrook, Barons : see Baring. 
 
 North Cape: see Cape North. 
 
 North Carolina, state, XII. 487. State seal 
 (ill.), 488. Population, 1 be. Surface, 2 c. 
 Coast, 489, 1 b. Rivers, 2 a. Geology and 
 minerals, 2 c. Natural curiosities, 490, 2 be. 
 Climate, 491, 1 a. Soil and productions, ib. 
 Agriculture, 1 c. Manufactures, 2 a. Com¬ 
 merce, 492, 1 b. Fisheries, 2 b. Intercom¬ 
 munication, ib. Banks, 493, 1 a. Govern¬ 
 ment, 1 ab. Finances, 2 b. Public institu¬ 
 tions, 494, 1 a. Education, 1 b. Libraries, 
 newspapers, &c., 495, 1 ab. Religious or¬ 
 ganizations, 1 b. History, 1 c. 
 
 North downs, in England, VI. 217, 2 c. 
 
 Northcote, James, English painter, XII. 497. 
 
 Northcote, Sir Stafford Henry, statesman, 
 XII. 497. 
 
 Norther: see Texas, XV. 672, 1 a; Wind, 
 XVI. 659, 1 a. 
 
 Northern Circars: see Circars, Northern. 
 
 Northern embankment , London, X. 592, 1 c. 
 
 Northern Lights : see Aurora Borealis. 
 
552 
 
 NORTHERN 
 
 NOTTINGHAMSHIRE 
 
 I 
 
 Northern Neck, region in Virginia, X. 290,1 c. 
 
 Northern streamers : see Aurora Borealis. 
 
 North German confederation , VII. 758, 2 c; 
 760, 1 b; XIV. 56, 2 b. 
 
 North German Lloyd's, X.555,2 be; 111.248,1 b. 
 
 North Hero , county seat, VIII. 150, 2 a. 
 
 North Loch , near Edinburgh, VI. 405, 2 a. 
 
 Northmen, and Normans, XII. 498. 
 
 North Platte , county seat, X. 488, 1 b. 
 
 Northport , county seat, X. 318, 1 a. 
 
 North Riyer : see Hudson River, IX. 30,2 b. 
 
 North river , in China: see PEi-no. 
 
 North Sea, or German Ocean, XII. 499. 
 
 Northumberland, two counties of the United 
 States, XII. 499. 
 
 Northumberland, two counties of Canada, 
 XII. 499. 
 
 Northumberland, county of England, XII. 500. 
 
 Northumberland, Dukes of: see Dudley, and 
 Percy. 
 
 Northumberland house , XIII. 285, 2 c. 
 
 North Virginia: see New England, XII. 286,1 a. 
 
 Northwest company , VII. 535,1 ab; XII. 504,1 a. 
 
 Northwestern University, Illinois, XII. 500 
 (ill.). 
 
 Northwest Passage: see Arctic Discovery, 
 Polar Seas, and Geography, VII. 685, 1 b. 
 
 Northwest Provinces, India, XII. 500. 
 
 Northwest territory , of British America, XII. 
 504, 1 a. 
 
 Northwest territory , of the United States : see 
 Illinois, IX. 192,1 b; Onio, XII. 602, 2 ab. 
 
 Northwest Territories, of Canada, XII. 501. 
 See Manitoba, XI. 114, 2 b. 
 
 Northwood , county seat, XVI. 732, 1 b. 
 
 Norton, county, XII. 505. 
 
 Norton, Andrews, American author, XII. 505. 
 Charles Eliot, author, 1 c. 
 
 Norton, Caroline Elizabeth Sarah (Sheridan), 
 English authoress, XII. 505. (Died 1877, 
 soon after her marriage ■with Sir William 
 Stirling Maxwell.) 
 
 Norton, John, American clergyman, XII. 505. 
 
 Norwalk, town of Connecticut, XII. 506. 
 
 Norwalk, town of Ohio, XII. 506. 
 
 Norway, XII. 506. Coasts, 2 b. Surface, 507, 
 1 b. Natural curiosities, 1 c. Geology and 
 minerals, 2 a. Soil and climate, 2 b. Agri¬ 
 culture, 2 c. Forests, 508, 1 a. Animals, 
 1 b. Population, 1 be. Religion, &c., 2 a. 
 Education, 2 be. Commerce, 2 c. Inter¬ 
 communication, &c., 509, 1 ab. Fisheries, 
 1 be. Government, 2 ab. History, 510, 2 a. 
 
 Norway, Language and Literature of, XII. 512. 
 
 Norway spruce , XV. 291, 2 c (ill.). Used in 
 hedges, VIII. 604, 2 c. 
 
 Norwegian language , old (Iceland), IX. 154,1 c. 
 Norwich [nor'-rich], city of Connecticut, XII. 
 514 (view). 
 
 Norwich, village of New York, XII. 515. 
 Norwich [nor'-rij], city of England, XII. 515. 
 Cathedral, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Norwood , Richard: see Navigation, XII. 181, 
 1 ab. 
 
 Nose, XII. 515 (ills., 516). 
 
 No-see-em, flies so called by Indians, VI. 129, 
 1 c ; II. 678, 2 a. 
 
 Nossairians: see Ansaries, and XV. 546, 1 a. 
 Nossa Senhora do Desterro : see Destekro. 
 Nostoc: see Algjs, I. 299, 1 c. 
 
 Nostrada'mus, Michel de, French astrologer, 
 XII. 517; I. 342, 1 a. 
 
 Nostradamus, the Portuguese : see Bandarra. 
 Notce , shorthand characters, XII. 517, 2 a. 
 
 Notae Tironianae, XI. 134, 1 b. 
 
 Notables, assembly of in France, VII. 384, 2 c. 
 Notarii, Roman scribes, XII. 517, 2 a. 
 Notarion , cabalistic formula, III. 522, 1 a. 
 Notation, decimal, origin of, XIV. 615, 2 ab. 
 Notary Public, legal officer, XII. 517. 
 
 Not Being , in Gnosticism, VIII. 52, 2 be. 
 Notches , of the White mountains, XVI. 606, 2 c. 
 Notice, waiver of XII. 214, 2 be. 
 
 Noto, Sicily, XII. 518. Noto Vecchio, 2 be. 
 Notodon'tadee (entomology), XI. 869, 2 b. 
 Notonecta Americana (entomology), XVI. 500, 
 
 1 a. 
 
 Notonec'tida (entomology), XVI. 499, 2 c. 
 Notophthal'mus (zoology), XV. 875, 2 a. N. 
 
 miniatus, XIV. 558, 1 c. 
 
 Notornis, bird, XII. 518. 
 
 Nototherium (palaeontology), IX. 744, 2 c. 
 Notre Dame [nuh-truli dam], cathedral of, in 
 Antwerp, IV. 118, 2 ab; in Paris, IV. 118, 
 
 2 c, XIII. 84, 1 c (ill.) ; in Montreal, XI. 
 794, 1 c, IV. 119, 2 c. Church of, in Cha- 
 lons-sur-Marne, 236,1 be (ill.). Notre Dame 
 de Brou, church of, referred to, III. 158,1 c. 
 
 Notredame, Michel de: see Nostradamus. 
 Nott, Eliphalet, American clergyman, presi¬ 
 dent of Union college, XII. 519. 
 
 Nott, Josiah Clark, ethnologist, XII. 519. 
 Nottingham [not'-ting-um], town of England, 
 XII. 519. 
 
 Nottingham, Earl of: see Finch, Heneage, 
 and Howard, Charles. 
 
 Nottingham, Lord (Heneage Finch), IX.795,2b. 
 Nottinghamshire, county of England, XII. 520. 
 
NOTTOWAY 
 
 NUEVA 
 
 553 
 
 Nottoway, county, XII. 520. 
 
 Nottoway G. H ., county seat, XII. 520, 1 c. 
 
 Nottoways, Indian tribe, XII. 520. 
 
 Notts: see Nottinghamshire. 
 
 Notum , ancient town, XII. 518, 2 be. 
 
 Nouffer , [noo-fa], referred to, XI. 64,1 a. 
 
 Noureddin [noor-ed-deen'], ruler of Syria and 
 Egypt, XII. 520. 
 
 Nourmahal: see Noor Mahal (Index). 
 
 Nourrisson, Jean Felix [noo-rees-so ng ], French 
 philosopher, XII. 520. 
 
 Nous [nowce], in Neo-Platonism, XII. 225,1 b; 
 in Gnosticism, VIII. 52, 2 c. 
 
 Nouvelles Gatholiques [noo-vel ka-tuh-leek], 
 society of, referred to, VII. 122, 2 a. 
 
 Nova Acta Eruditorum , I. 74, 1 ab. 
 
 Novac'ulite , oil stone, I. 714, 1 c. 
 
 No'valis : see Hardenberg, Friedrich von. 
 
 Novanglus , nom de plume, I. 86, 1 b. 
 
 Novara [no-va'-ra], province of Italy, XII. 
 520. Capital city, 521, 1 ab. Cathedral, ib. 
 Battle of, 1 b; IV. 300, 2 b; 564, 2 b. 
 
 Nova Scotia, province of Canada, XII. 521. 
 Industrial statistics, 822-’3 (Appendix). Nova 
 Scotia baronets, 524, 2 be ; I. 287, 1 b. 
 
 Nova Trajana Bostra , ancient city, III. 175, 2 a. 
 
 Novatian , ancient sectary: see Novatians. 
 
 Novatians, religious sect, XII. 525. 
 
 Novation, in law, XII. 525. 
 
 Novatus, priest: see Novatians, XII. 525, 1 c. 
 
 Nova Zembla, islands, Arctic ocean, XII. 526. 
 
 Novella constitutiones: see Novels (Index). 
 
 Novellis , Jacques de [ndh-va-le], (Pope Bene¬ 
 dict XII.), II. 518, 2 a. 
 
 Novello, Vincent, English organist and com¬ 
 poser, XII. 526. Clara Anastasia, singer, 2 b. 
 
 Novels : see Civil Law, IV. 622, 2 be, 624,2 b. 
 
 November, month, XII. 526. 
 
 Novempopulana (Gascony), VII. 641, 1 ab. 
 
 Novendia'le: see Mourning, XII. 13, 1 a. 
 
 Noverre [nhh-vair], (Jean Georges, 1727-1810), 
 dancer, II. 243, 2 c. 
 
 Novesium , Roman fort, XII. 259, 1 b. 
 
 Nov'gorod, government of Russia, XII. 526. 
 Town, 527, 1 c. Millennial monument, 2 a 
 (ill.). Lower: see Nizhni Novgorod. 
 
 Novi [no'-ve], town of Italy, XII. 527. Battle 
 of, 2 b ; IX. 691, 1 b. 
 
 Novibazar', town of Bosnia, XII. 527. 
 
 Novice, candidate for a religious order, XII. 
 527. Among the Jesuits, IX. 626, 1 b. 
 
 Noviceship : see Novice (Index). 
 
 Novikoff', Nikolai Ivanovitch, Russian author, 
 XII. 528. 
 
 Noviodu'num: see Nevers, XII. 270, 1 a, and 
 Soissons. 
 
 Noviom'agus : see Lisieux, Nimeguen, Noyon, 
 and Spire, XV. 275, 1 c. 
 
 Novitiate: see Novice, XII. 528, 1 a. 
 
 Novogeorgievsk [-geh-or-ghe-evsk'J, town of 
 Poland, XII. 528. 
 
 Novum Organum , Bacon’s, II. 203, 2 b. 
 
 Nowell, Alexander [no'-el], English clergy¬ 
 man, XII. 528. 
 
 Nox, in mythology, XII. 528. 
 
 Nox'ubee, county, XII. 528. 
 
 Noyade de Nantes [nwa-yad dub na ng t], form 
 of execution, IV. 27, 1 ab. 
 
 Noyer d bijoux [nwa-ya ra be-zhoo], double 
 walnut, XVI. 440, 2 a. 
 
 Noyes, George Rapall [noice], American cler¬ 
 gyman and Biblical scholar, XII. 528. 
 
 Noyes, John Humphrey, perfectionist, XII. 528. 
 
 Noyon [nwa-yo ng ], town of France, XII. 529. 
 Treaty of, 1 c; X. 348, 1 ab. 
 
 Nuba , ancient African tribe, XII. 530, 1 c; 
 449, 2 c. 
 
 Nubata : see Nuba (Index). 
 
 Nubec'ula Major , nebulous tract, XII. 200,1 c. 
 Minor, ib . 
 
 Nubia, country of Africa, XII. 529. Origin 
 of the name, 530, 1 c ; 449, 2 c. 
 
 Nubians, race, VI. 758, 2 c ; XII. 530, 1 b. 
 
 Nuble [nyoo'-bla], province of Chili, XII. 530. 
 
 Nucif'raga (ornithology), XII. 540. N. caryo- 
 catactes, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Nuckolls, county, XII. 530. 
 
 Nuclei , in the capillary vessels, III. 753, 2 c. 
 
 Nucleobranchiates (mollusca), XII. 530 (ill.). 
 
 Nucleo'lus, in living cells, IV. 172, 1 c, 2 b. 
 
 Nucleus , in vegetable cells, IV. 172, 1 c. In 
 animal cells, 2 b; XIV. 34, 1 ab. In hail¬ 
 stones, VIII. 379, 2 c. In plants, XIII. 592, 
 1 b. In sun spots, XV. 471, 2 c. 
 
 Nu'cula (mollusca), V. 199, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Nudibranchiates : see Mollusca, XI. 722, 2 c. 
 
 Nudis , Brahmanic sect, IX. 231, 1 b. 
 
 Nueces [nwa'-seez; Sp. nwa'-sace], county, 
 XII. 531. River, XV. 671, 1 b, c. 
 
 Nuestra Se flora de Guadalupe [nwais'-tra sa- 
 nyo'-ra da gwa-da-loo'-pa], church of, VIII. 
 276, 1 b. 
 
 Nuestra Seflora de la Paz , city, X. 159, 1 c. 
 
 Nueva Guatemala [nwa'-va]: see Guate¬ 
 mala, VIII. 290, 2 c. 
 
 Nueva Isabella , city (Santo Domingo), XIV. 
 624, 2 b. 
 
 Nueva Segovia , city (Barquisimeto), IL 333, 1 a. 
 
55L 
 
 NUEVA 
 
 NYCTALOPIA 
 
 Nueya Sparta, island and province (state) of 
 Venezuela, XII. 531. 
 
 Nuevo Leon [nwa'-vo la-oan'], state of Mexico, 
 XII. 531. 
 
 Nuevo Santander : see Tamaulipas. 
 
 Nuisance, in law, XII. 531. 
 
 Nuitter, Charles Louis Etienne Truinet [nii-e- 
 tair], French dramatist, XII. 533. 
 
 Nukahiva [-lie'-va]: see Marquesas Islands. 
 Nukha [noo- k ha'], Asiatic Russia, XII. 533. 
 Nulle terre sans seigneur [mil tair sa ng sa-nyur], 
 law maxim, I. 334, 1 b. 
 
 Nullification, XII. 533; II. 543, 1 b; III. 
 587, 2 a; VIII. 547, 2 ab; IX. 492, 2 a; XV. 
 198, 2 b ; XVI. 88, 2 a; 166, 2 c; 530, 2 b. 
 Nullum tempus occurrit regi f law maxim, I. 
 334, 2 a. 
 
 Num [noom], Egyptian deity, VI. 464, 1 a; 
 XII. 116, 2 b. 
 
 Numantia, ancient city of Spain, XII. 534. 
 Numa Pompilius, legendary king of Rome, 
 XII. 534. 
 
 Numbfish: see Torpedo, XV. 802, 1 b. 
 Number 290 (the Alabama), X. 494, 1 a. 
 Number Nip : see Fairies, VII. 65, 1 c. 
 Numbers, book of, XII. 534. See Pentateuch. 
 Numbers, decimal scale of, I. 708, 1 b; binary, 
 1 c; ternary, ib. Properties of, 2 a. 
 
 Numea, New Caledonia, XII. 281, 2 c (view). 
 Numenius (ornithology), V. 583, 1 ab. N. 
 longirostris, 1 c (ill.)* N. borealis, 2 ab (ill.). 
 N. Iludsonicus, 584, 1 a. N. arquatus, 1 be. 
 N. pliseopus, ib. 
 
 Numerals , I. 707, 2 b-c. Origin of Arabic 
 numerals, 2 c; 622, 1 a; 625, 1 c. 
 
 Numerian, Roman emperor, III. 789, 1 c. 
 Nu'mida (ornithology), VIII. 313, 1 ab. N. 
 
 meleagris, 1 c (ill.). N. cristata, 2 a. 
 Numidia, in ancient geography, XII. 534. 
 Numismatics, science of coins and medals, XII. 
 
 535 (ills., 536). 
 
 Numitor : see Romulus. 
 
 Nummulite, protozoan, XII. 537. Nummulites 
 leevigatus (ill.), 538. See Foraminifera. 
 Nummulitic limestone, XII. 537, 2 c. 
 
 Nun of Kent: see Barton, Elizabeth. 
 
 Nuncii: see Post, XIII. 748, 1 a. 
 
 Nuncio, papal ambassador, XII. 538; X.318,2 b. 
 Nundince, in the Roman calendar, VII. 93, 2 a. 
 NuStez, Alvar [noo'-nyaith], Spanish explorer, 
 XII. 538 ; 147, 2 ab. 
 
 NuSez, Fernan, Spanish scholar, XII. 538. 
 Nunez, Pedro [noo'-ness], Portuguese mathema¬ 
 tician, XII. 181, 1 a. 
 
 Nunnery: see Monastery, XI. 734, 1 c. 
 
 Nuphar: see Water Lily, XVI. 502, 2 c. N. 
 advena, 503,1 a (ill.). N. lutea and N. sagit- 
 tsefolia, ib. 
 
 Nuraghe, sepulchral towers, VI. 764, 2 ab. 
 
 Nureddin [noor-ed-deen']: see Noureddin. 
 
 Nuremberg, city of Bavaria, XII. 538 (ill., 
 539). Nuremberg eggs (watches), 539, 2 c. 
 
 Nuremberg agreement , by Charles V., IV. 295, 
 2 c. 
 
 Nuremberg violet , a color, XI. 104, 1 a. 
 
 Numberg [ntirn'-bairg]: see Nuremberg. 
 
 Nurse, shark so called, XIV. 829, 2 b ; 830,1 a. 
 
 Nurses , European schools for, VI. 431, 2 be. 
 In London, X. 602, 1 b. 
 
 Nursia , Etruscan deity, VII. 337, 1 ab. 
 
 Nushirvan [noo-sher-van'J, surname of Chos- 
 roes I., IV. 519, 1 a. 
 
 Nut [noot], Egyptian deity, XII. 116, 2 be, c. 
 
 Nut, of a screw, XIV. 712, 1 b. 
 
 Nutation, in astronomy, XII. 540. See Pre¬ 
 cession of the Equinoxes. Discovery of, 
 III. 181, 1 c. 
 
 Nutcracker, bird, XII. 540 (ilk). The nut¬ 
 hatch so called, 541, 1 c. 
 
 Nutgall: see Galls. Composition of, IX. 
 283, 1 a; use in making ink, ib. Nutgall 
 ointment, VII. 584, 1 b. 
 
 Nuthatch, bird, XII. 540. White-bellied, 2 c ; 
 red-bellied, 541, 1 a; European, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Nutmeg, tree and seed, XII. 541. Flower and 
 leaf, 2 b (ill.). Fruit and seed, 542, 1 a (ill., 
 541). Cultivation, 1 b. Oil of nutmegs, 
 2 b. Uses, 2 be. Long or wild nutmeg, 
 543, 1 a. History, 1 b. Other seeds so 
 called, 2 a; XV. 807, 2 c. 
 
 Nutmeg pigeon, XII. 543, 1 c. 
 
 Nutria : see Coypu, V. 448, 1 a; Fur, VII. 
 539, 1 c. Referred to, I. 690, 1 c. 
 
 Nutrition, in physiology, XII. 543. 
 
 Nutshur, Hindoo knife, XII. 647, 2 c. 
 
 Nuttall, Thomas, American naturalist, XII. 
 545. 
 
 Nux Vomica, drug, XII. 545. Tree, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Ny'ack, village of New York, XII. 546. 
 
 Nyam-Nyam [n’yam-n’yam], negro tribe, XII. 
 547. 
 
 N’yanza, lakes in Africa, XII. 547. Victoria 
 N’yanza, 1 b. Albert N’yanza, 548, 1 a. 
 
 Nyassa, lake of Africa, XII. 548; I. 167, 2 a. 
 
 Nyaya system [nya'-ya], of Hindoo philosophy, 
 IX. 227, 2 c. 
 
 Nyborg [nti'-borg], town of Denmark, XII. 549. 
 
 Nyctalopia, night blindness, XII. 549. 
 
NYCTALE 
 
 OBER-AMMERGAU 
 
 555 
 
 A Tye'tale (ornithology), XII. 755,1 a. X. Aca- 
 dica, 1 ab. 
 
 A r ycte'a (ornithology), XII. 755, 2 c. X. nivea, 
 ib. (ill.). 
 
 JSTycteini'na) (ornithology), XII. 755, 2 be. 
 
 Nycterib'ia (entomology), YI. 180, 1 c. 
 
 Nyc'teris (zoology), II. 376, 2 c; 378, 1 b. 
 
 Nyctiar'dea Garde'ni (ornithology), XII. 443, 
 1 be (ill.). X. griseus, 2 be. 
 
 Nyctib'ius (ornithology), VIII. 58, 1 c. 
 
 Nyctico'rax nce'vius (ornithology), XII. 443,1 be. 
 
 Nyctipithe'cus (zoology), XI. 751, 2 ab. X. 
 trivirgatus, YI. 229, 1 ab. 
 
 NydecJc bridge, at Bern, II. 570, 1 c. 
 
 Nye, county, XII. 549. 
 
 Nyerup, Nasmus [nii'-er-oop], Danish antiqua¬ 
 ry, XII. 549. 
 
 Nykoping [nii'-chd-ping], Sweden, XII. 549. 
 
 Nymph : see Chrysalis, IV. 560, 2 c. 
 
 Nymph^e'a : see Cos. 
 
 Nymphcea (botany), XVI. 503, 1 c. Petals and 
 stamens, ib. (ill.). N. odorata, 2 a (ill.). N. 
 alba, lotus, dentata, cewulea, and gigantea, 
 2 c. N. rubra, 504, 1 a. 
 
 Nymphceum , school: see Aristotle, I. 706, 1 a. 
 Nymphceum, ancient temple in Nunes, XII. 
 455, 1 b. 
 
 Nympha'lis: see Apatura (Index). 
 
 Nym'phicus (ornithology), XIII. 123,1 be. N. 
 
 Novae Ilollandiae, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Nymphs, in mythology, XII. 549 ; VII. 63, 2 a. 
 Nymphs, hill of the, in Athens, II. 59, 2 c. 
 Nysiads: see Nymphs. 
 
 Nyssa (botany): see Tupelo, XVI. 40, 2 c. 
 N. multiflora, ib .; II. 679, 1 c (ill.). N. 
 uniflora, XVI. 40, 2 c. Other species, 41, 1 a. 
 Nystad [nti'-stad], treaty of, XIII. 350, 2 c. 
 
 A r yx, in the Orphic cosmogony, XII. 711, 1 b. 
 
 0 
 
 O, a letter, XII. 550. Phonetic position, 1 a. 
 English sounds, 1 ab; in diphthongs, 1 b. 
 Exclamatory, 1 be. Prefix to Irish names, 
 
 1 c; 128,1 ab. As an abbreviation, 550,1 c. 
 Greek and Roman numeral, ib. 
 
 Oahu [wa'-hoo], Hawaiian island, XII. 550. 
 Oajaca [wa- k M'-ka], province of Mexico, XII. 
 
 550. Capital city, 551, 1 a. 
 
 Oak, tree, XII. 551. White, 2 c (ills., 552); 
 post, 552, 2 ab (ill.); burr, 553, 1 a (ill.); 
 swamp white, 2 a (ill.) ; chestnut, 2 ab; 
 rock chestnut, 2 c (ill., 554); Michaux’s, 
 554, 1 c; chinquapin, ib. ; live, 2 b (ill.); 
 willow, 555, 1 c (ill.); shingle, water, and 
 blackjack, 2 a; bear or black scrub, 2 b (ill.) ; 
 Spanish, 2 c; scarlet, 556, 1 ab (ill.); red, 
 
 2 a. Oaks of the Pacific coast, ib. Cali¬ 
 fornia evergreen oak, 557, 1 a (ill.). Euro¬ 
 pean, British, or royal oak, 1 b (ill.) ; Turkey, 
 2 b ; holly, 2 c; valonia, 558,1 b (ill.). Cul¬ 
 tivation, 2 a. Uses of oak products, 1 a; in 
 tanning, X. 272, 2 a, XIV. 147, 2 be: see 
 Cork, and Quercitron - . Age of oaks, I. 
 184, 1 c. 
 
 Oak manna, XII. 558, 1 c. 
 
 Oak Apple, vegetable excrescence, XII. 558. 
 American, 2 b (ill., 559). Bastard, 559, 2 a 
 (ill.). Cause of, 2 b. Gall fly, 558, 2 e (ill.). 
 Oakeley, Frederick, English clergyman, XII. 
 559. 
 
 Oakland, county, XII. 559. 
 
 Oakland, city of California, XII. 560. 
 
 Oakland, county seat, XI. 240, 1 b. 
 
 “ Oak knobsf hills, IX. 798, 1 b. 
 
 Oaks, the: see Turf, XVI. 50, 1 a. 
 
 Oakville, county seat, X. 536, 2 a. 
 
 Oannes [o-an'-neez], in Chaldean legend, IV. 
 229, 1 be. 
 
 Oasis [o-a'-sis or o'-a-sis], fertile spot in a des¬ 
 ert, XII. 560. 
 
 Oat, XII. 560. Wild, 561, 2 a (ill.); animated, 
 1 c; perennial, 562, 1 a; yellow, ib. Oat 
 grass (Andes grass), ib. 
 
 Oates, Titus, contriver of the popish plot, XII. 
 562. Referred to, XV. 301, 2 a. 
 
 Oath, XII. 562. Definition of, 563,1 a. Kinds 
 of, 2 a. Extra-judicial, 2 c. 
 
 Oats, water, XIV. 310, 1 b. 
 
 Oaxaca: see Oajaca. 
 
 Ob : see Obi. 
 
 OBADiAn, Hebrew prophet, XII. 563. 
 
 Obelisks , Egyptian, I. 653, 2 b, 654, 1 c; in 
 Rome, XIV. 413, 1 c. Obelisk of Osortason 
 I., VIII. 619, 2 ab. Obelisk in front of St. 
 Peter’s church, Rome, VII. 304, 2 c. Obe¬ 
 lisk of Luxor, XV. 688, 2 b (ill.); in Paris, 
 XIII. 80,1 be. Obelisk of St. John Lateran, 
 Rome, XV. 689, 1 ab; X. 183, 2 ab. 
 
 Ober-Ammergau [o-ber-am'-mer-gow], Upper 
 Bavaria, XII. 564. Decennial passion play, ib. 
 
556 
 
 OBERBEUTHEN 
 
 O’CONNOR 
 
 Oberbeuthen : see Beuthen. 
 
 Ober-Elsass , district, Alsace-Lorraine, I. 357,2 a. 
 Oberlin, village of Ohio, XII. 564. Oberlin 
 college, 1 b. 
 
 Oberlin, Jean Fr6d6ric, French philanthropist, 
 XII. 564. 
 
 Oberon , fairy, VII. 65, 1 b. 
 
 Oberstein [o'-ber-stine], town, I. 178, 2 a. 
 Obes'ity: see Banting, and Corpulence. 
 
 O'bi [Russ, oby’], river of Siberia, XII. 564. 
 Obion, county, XII. 564. River, XV. 642, 2 c. 
 Obiter Dictum, in law, XII. 564. 
 
 Object mirror : see Telescope, XV. 622, 2 a. 
 Object glass, in a microscope, XI. 513, 1 ab, 
 515, 2 ab ; in a telescope, XV. 622, 2 a. 
 Objective , in a microscope, XI. 513, 1 ab, 515, 
 2 ab. 
 
 Objective and subjective (object and subject): 
 see Identity (Index). 
 
 Oblates', Catholic congregations, XII. 565. 
 Of St. Charles, 1 a; of St. Ambrose, ib. ; of 
 Mary Immaculate, 1 c. Sisters of Provi¬ 
 dence, 2 a. Institution of, III. 108, 1 c. 
 Obligation: see Bond, Charter, and Con¬ 
 tract. 
 
 Obligor' and obligee', on a bond, III. 56, 1 be. 
 Oboe : see Hautboy. 
 
 Ob'olus, coin, XII. 565. 
 
 O'botrits, Slavs, XVI. 552, 2 c; III. 209, 2 a. 
 Obreno'vitch : see Servia, XIV. 782, 1 c, ff. 
 O’Brien, county, XII. 565. 
 
 O'Brien, county seat, XII. 565, 2 b. 
 
 O'Brien, Donald, king of Limerick, IV. 53, 2 c. 
 O’Brien, William Smith, Irish patriot, XII. 565. 
 Observants : see Franciscans, VII. 425, 2 c. 
 Dress of, 427, 1 b. 
 
 Observatory, XII. 566. The three kinds of, 
 1 a. Equipments of an astronomical obser¬ 
 vatory, ib. Principal observatories, 1 c. Of 
 Tycho Brahe, III. 184,1 c; of Hevelius, VIII. 
 710, 1 c; of Lord Rosse, XIV. 444, 1 c; of 
 William Huggins, IX. 32, 2 a. 
 
 Observantines, religious order, II. 576, 1 a. 
 Obsidian and Pumice, forms of lava, XII. 567. 
 Obstetrics, XII. 568. What it includes, 1 b. 
 Gestation or pregnancy, 2 a; signs of, 569, 
 
 1 a; duration of, 1 b; premature termina¬ 
 tion of, 1 be, and its causes, 1 c. Influence 
 on the system, 2 ab. Labor or parturition, 
 
 2 be; earliest and latest known age of its 
 occurrence, 1 a; stages of, 2 c; duration of, 
 570, 1 ab; mechanical phenomena of, 1 b. 
 Operations in difficult cases, 2 b. Progress 
 of the science, 2 c. 
 
 Obtura'torforamina (anatomy), XIII. 241, 2 c. 
 
 Obturator ligament, ib. 
 
 Oca, Peruvian food, XII. 759, 1 be. 
 
 Ocala, county seat, XI. 168, 2 b. 
 
 O’ Callaghan, Edmund Bailey [o-kal'-la-han], 
 American author, XII. 571. 
 
 O' Garolan: see Carolan. 
 
 Occam, William of, scholastic philosopher, XII. 
 
 571; XI. 811, 2 a; XIII. 440, 1 be. 
 Occitania (Languedoc), XIV. 39, 1 a. Occi- 
 tanian dialects, 2 b. 
 
 Occom, Samson, Indian preacher, XII. 571; V. 
 695, 2 a, b. 
 
 Occoquan river, Virginia, III. 428, 2 be; XIII. 
 773, 2 c. 
 
 Occultation, of a celestial body, VI. 391, 2 c. 
 
 “ Occupying claimants law," X. 327, 1 c. 
 Ocean, XII. 571. Saltness of, 572,1 a, c. Color, 
 2 a. Phosphorescence, 2 c. Depth and ex¬ 
 tent, ib. —Ocean bottom, II. 71,1 a, ff. Ocean 
 currents: see Atlantic Ocean, II. 72, 2 a, 
 ff.; Indian Ocean, IX. 244, 2 a; Pacific 
 Ocean, XII. 781, 1 be. Carpenter’s theory 
 of, II. 78, 1 b-2 b. Ocean temperature and 
 constitution of the water, IV. 19, 2 a. Ocean 
 vegetation, II. 78, 2b; animal life, 80, 1 a. 
 Ocean, county, XII. 572. 
 
 Oceana [o-she-an'-a], county, XII. 573. 
 Oceana, county seat, XVI. 753, 1 a. 
 
 “ Oceana ,” political romance, VIII. 476, 2 c. 
 Oceania, a division of the globe, XII. 573. 
 Oceanica: see Oceania. 
 
 Oceanids: see Nymphs. Referred to, XII. 
 
 573, 1 b. 
 
 Oce'anus, in mythology, XII. 573. 
 
 Ocellus Luoanus, Greek philosopher, XII. 573. 
 O'celot, animal, XII. 573. Common, 2 a (ill.) ; 
 linked, 574, 1 a; long-tailed, ib. ; margay, 
 ib. (ill., 573). 
 
 Ochra : see Okra. 
 
 Ochre [o'-ker], XII. 574; IX. 407, 1 a, 408,1 a. 
 Ochterlony monument, in Calcutta, III. 572, 
 2 ab (ill., 573). 
 
 Ockenheim, Jan [ok'-en-hime]: see Okeghem. 
 Ockham, William of: see Occam. 
 
 Ockham, viscount (by courtesy), III. 512, 2 ab. 
 Ockley, Simon, English orientalist, XII. 574. 
 Ocmulgee [ok-mul'-ghe], river of Georgia, XII. 
 
 574. 
 
 Oco'nee, county, XII. 574. 
 
 Oconee, river of Georgia, XII. 574. 
 O’Connell, Daniel, Irish statesman, XII. 574. 
 O'Connell, C. U., Fenian, VII. 126, 1 b. 
 O’Connor, Arthur, Irish rebel, XII. 575. 
 
(ENA 
 
 557 
 
 O’CONNOR 
 
 O’Connor, Feargus Edward, British agitator, 
 XII. 575. 
 
 O’Connor, William Douglas, American author, 
 XII. 576. 
 
 O’Con'or, Charles, American lawyer, XII. 576. 
 Oconto, county, XII. 576. 
 
 Oconto , county seat, XII. 576, 2 a. 
 
 Ooosin'go, town of Mexico, XII. 576. 
 
 Ocracoke inlet , North Carolina, XII. 489, 2 a. 
 Octaeteris, in Greek chronology, IV. 557, 2 a. 
 Octapla , Origen’s, XII. 692, 2 b (twice). 
 Octayia, wife of Mark Antony, XII. 576. 
 Octavius : see Augustus. Octavius and the 
 triumvirate, X. 360, 2 c. 
 
 Octavo [ok-ta'-vo], fornl of book, III. 75, 2 c. 
 
 Crown octavo, ib. 
 
 October, month, XII. 576. 
 
 Oc'topods: see Octopus, XII. 577, 1 b; XI. 
 723, 2 c. Referred to, VII. 48, 1 c. Used 
 as food in Lent, 228, 2 c. 
 
 Octo'pus, mollusk, XII. 576. Mode of crawl¬ 
 ing, 577, 1 a (ill.). O. vulgaris, 1 b (ill.). 
 0. tuberculata, ib. (ill.). Victor Hugo’s 
 devil fish, 2 ab. The kraken, 2 b. O. Bair- 
 dii, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Octroi [uk-trwa], customs duty, XIII. 88, 1 a; 
 91, 1 b. 
 
 Ocular , in a microscope, XI. 513, 1 ab. 
 O’Curry, Eugene, Irish archaeologist, XII. 578. 
 O'cymum (botany), II. 360, 2 c. O. basilicum 
 (ill.), 361. 
 
 Ocypete [o-sip'-e-te], harpy, VIII. 474, 1 c. 
 Ocyp’oda arena'via, crab, V. 450, 1 a. 
 
 Ocythoe [o-sith'-o-e], (mollusca), XII. 177, 2 ab. 
 Od : see Reichenbach, Karl, XIV. 264, 1 a. 
 Odcombian leg-stretcher, the , pseudonyme, V. 
 
 389, 1 c. Odcombian banquet, 2 a. 
 
 Odd Fellows, Independent Order of, XII. 578. 
 Odena'thus, husband of Zenobia, XIII. 28, 2 b. 
 
 Referred to, II. 119, 2 a. 
 
 Odense [o'-den-s&h], seaport of Denmark, XII. 
 
 579. Odense recess, decree, II. 556, 2 c. 
 Odenwald [o'-den-valt], region of Germany, 
 XII. 679. 
 
 Ode'on, Greek public building, XII. 579. Of 
 Pericles, ib. ; II. 61, 1 c. 
 
 Oder, river of Germany, XII. 579. 
 
 Odescalchi [o-des-kal'-ke], noble Italian family, 
 XII. 579. Marc’ Antonio, 2 be. Tommaso, 
 2 c. Carlo, 580, 1 a. Baltassare, ib. Bal- 
 tassare III., ib. Benedetto (Pope Innocent 
 XI.), IX. 289, 1 b. 
 
 Odessa, city of Russia, XII. 580 (view). 
 Odessus, ancient city, XVI. 267,1 c. 
 
 Odette de Champdivers [o-det dhh sha ng -de-vair], 
 “the little queen,” IV. 286, 1 c. 
 
 Ode'urn: see Rome, XIV. 411, 1 be. 
 
 Odevaere, J osephus Dionysius [o-dSh-va'-rfeh], 
 Flemish painter, XII. 581. 
 
 Odger , George, English agitator, IX. 321, 2 a, be. 
 
 Odilia, /St. (about A. D. 700), allusion to, II. 
 333,1 b. Monastery of, ib. 
 
 Odilon Barrot [o-de-lo ng bar-ro]: see Barrot. 
 
 Odin, principal Scandinavian god, XII. 581; 
 119, 2 c. Referred to, VI. 399, 1 c. Odin 
 the conqueror, XII. 581, 1 b; XV. 508, 2 a. 
 Traditional capital of, XVI. 218, 2 a. 
 
 Odo, Archbishop, his cruel treatment of Elgiva, 
 VI. 446, 1 a. 
 
 Odoa'cer, king of Italy, XII. 581; XVI. 565,2 a. 
 
 Odo'herty, Morgan, sobriquet, XI. 848, 2 a. 
 
 Odom'eter, road measure, XII. 581. 
 
 O’Donnell, Leopold, duke of Tetuan, Spanish 
 soldier and statesman, XII. 581. 
 
 O’Donovan, John, Irish arch geologist, XII. 582. 
 
 O 1 Donovan-Rossa, Fenian leader, VII. 126,1 a, 
 2 b; 130, 1 c. 
 
 Odontaspis griseus (ichthyology), XIV. 828, 2 c. 
 
 Odontophori'ncB (ornithology), XIV. 125, 2 be. 
 
 Odors : see Perfumes, and Smell. 
 
 Odra (Orissa), XII. 695, 1 c. 
 
 Od'yssey : see Homer, VIII. 779, 1 b. 
 
 Odysseus [o-dis'-suce]: see Ulysses. 
 
 Odysseus, modern Greek general, II. 58, 1 c. 
 
 (E'a, ancient city, XV. 873, 2 a. 
 
 CEcanthus (entomology), V. 480, 2 c; 481, 2 c. 
 (E. niveus, ib. 
 
 (Ecet'icus, moth, XI. 869, 2 b. 
 
 (Ecolampadius, Johannes, German reformer, 
 XII. 582. His view of the sacrament, X. 
 639, 1 b. 
 
 CEcumen'ical Council : see Council, V. 423, 
 1 be. Of 1869: see Vatican, Council of 
 the, and Infallibility, IX. 265, 2 a. 
 
 (Ede'ma, a swelling, XII. 582 ; VI. 266, 1 a. 
 
 (Edem'atous erysip'elas, XII. 583, 1 ab. 
 
 Oedenburg [o'-den-boorg], county of Hungary, 
 XII. 583. Capital, 2 ab. 
 
 (Edicor'yphus (zoology), II. 365, 1 a. 
 
 (Edipus [ed'-e-pus], mythical king of Thebes, 
 XII. 583. 
 
 OEnLENSCHLAGER, Adam Gottlob [o'-len-shla- 
 gher], Danish poet, XII. 584. 
 
 Oekolampad, Johannes [o-ko-lam-pad'j: see 
 (Ecolampadius. 
 
 Oels [olee], town of Prussia, XII. 584. 
 
 (Ena (ornithology), XVI. 82, 1 b. (E. Capen- 
 eis, ib. 
 
558 
 
 CENANTHIC 
 
 OIDIUM 
 
 (Enanthic ether , XVI. 666, 2 c; and oenanthic 
 acid, VI. 748, 2 ab. 
 
 (Enanthine [e-nan'-thin], XVI. 666, 2 c. 
 (Enipontum: see Innspeuck, IX. 291, 2 b. 
 
 (Enocarpus (botany), XIII. 18, 1 a. 
 tEno'ne , mythical, XIII. 93, 2 c. 
 
 (Enothe'ea, genus of plants, XII. 584. (E. 
 
 biennis, 585, 1 a (ill.). CE. Missouriensis or 
 macrocarpa, 2 a (ill.). (E. frnticosa and CE. 
 
 linearis, 2 ab. CE. grandiflora, 2 b. 
 
 (Eno'tria (Italy), IX. 449, 1 ab. 
 
 CEnotrians , Pelasgian race, III. 369, 1 b; X. 
 700, 2 a. 
 
 (Enus , river: see Inn. 
 
 Oeested, Anders Sandoe [or'-sted], Danish 
 statesman, XII. 585. 
 
 Oeested, Hans Christian, Danish natural phi¬ 
 losopher, XII. 585. See Galvanism, VII. 
 
 586, 1 b; Electeo-Magnetism, VI. 513, 2 a. 
 Oeetel, Philipp Friedrich Wilhelm [or'-tel], 
 
 German author, XII. 586. 
 
 (Esculus [es'-ku-lus], (botany), VIII. 828, 2 b. 
 Oesel [o'-zel], island, Baltic sea, XII. 586. 
 
 (Esoph'agus (anatomy), I. 317, 2 b. 
 
 Oesteeley, Karl [os-ter-li'J, German painter, 
 XII. 586. 
 
 Oesterreich [os'-ter-ri e h]: see Austeia. 
 
 CEstrus (entomology),VII.551,1 be; VI. 130,1 c. 
 Oetingee, Friedrich Christoph [o'-ting-cr], 
 German theologian, XII. 586. 
 
 Oettingen [ot'-ting-en], county of Germany, 
 XII. 587. Prince Ludwig Kraft Ernst von 
 Oettingen-Wallerstein, Bavarian statesman, 
 1 ab. 
 
 Oettingee, Eduard Maria, author, XII. 587. 
 
 ( Exmelin , Alexandre Olivier [ux-muh-lft ng ], III. 
 376, 1 c. 
 
 O'Earrill (Don Gonzalo, 1754-1831, Spanish 
 general, minister of war 1808-’14), III. 31,1 be. 
 Ofen: see Buda, III. 391, 2 c. 
 
 Offa, king of Mercia, XII. 587. 
 
 Offenbach [uf-fen-ba k h], town of Germany, 
 XII. 587. 
 
 Offenbach, Jacques, French composer, XII. 
 
 587. 
 
 Offenbueg [-boorg], town of Baden, XII. 587. 
 Offence , Mount of Jerusalem, XII. 619, 1 b. 
 Office-found , in law, VI. 9, 2 b. 
 
 Ofteedingen, Heinrich von [fon ofe'-ter-ding- 
 en], German minstrel, XII. 588. 
 
 “ Of unsound mind: ” see Lunacy, X. 715, 2 b. 
 Og, king of Bashan, XII. 588. 
 
 Ogboni lodges , in Abbeokuta, I. 8, 1 be. 
 
 Ogden City , county seat, XVI. 526, 2 b. 
 
 Ogdensbueg, city of Hew York, XII. 588. 
 Ogeechee [o-ghe'-che], river of Georgia, VII. 
 717, 1 b. 
 
 Ogeechee lime , tree, XVI. 41, 1 a. 
 
 Ogemaw [o'-ghe-maw], county, XII. 588. 
 Oggione, Marco da [od-jo'-na], Italian painter, 
 XII. 588. 
 
 Ogilby, John, Scottish poet, XII. 588. 
 
 Ogilvie, John, Scottish poet, XII. 588. 
 
 Ogle, county, XII. 588. 
 
 Oglethoepe, county, XII. 589. 
 
 Oglethoepe, James Edward, founder of the 
 colony of Georgia, XII. 589; VII. 724, 2 c. 
 Oglio [o'-lyo], river of Italy, XII. 589. 
 
 Ogobay [o-go-bi'], river of Africa, XII. 589. 
 Ogowai: see Ogobay. 
 
 Ogress , in heraldry, VIII. 672, 2 c. 
 
 Ogulnian laic , II. 109, 1 b; XIV. 404, 2 b. 
 Ogy'ges, mythical king, XII. 589. Ogygia, 
 
 1 be. Ogygian deluge, ib. Ogygian gate of 
 Thebes, ib. 
 
 O' 1 Higgins, Don Bernardo (son of a viceroy of 
 Peru), dictator of Chili, IV. 432, 1 b. 
 
 Ohio, state, XII. 589. State seal (ill.), 590. 
 Population, 1 b. Topography, 2 c. Soil 
 and productions, 591, 1 c. Geology, 2 b. 
 Minerals, 592, 2 c. Climate, 593, 1 c. Agri¬ 
 culture, ib. Manufactures, 594, 1 e. Com¬ 
 merce, 595, 2 c. Railroads, 596, 2 a. Ca¬ 
 nals, 597, 1 b. Banks, 1 c. Government, 
 ib. Finances, 598, 1 c. State institutions, 
 
 2 c. Education, 599, 1 c. Libraries, &c., 
 601, 2 c. Religious organizations, 602, 1 ab. 
 History, 1 c. Ohio and Michigan boundary 
 controversy, XI. 241, 1 c. 
 
 Ohio, three counties, XII. 602. 
 
 Ohio company: see Cutlee, V. 695, 2 b. 
 
 Ohio Rivee, XII. 603. Area of drainage, 1 c. 
 River bed and banks, 2 a. Antiquities, 2 b. 
 Total length, 2 be; width and depth, 2 c. 
 Navigation, ib. Rate of current, 604, 1 a. 
 Neighboring country, 1 ab. Tributaries, 1 b. 
 Ohm, Georg Simon [oam], German physicist, 
 XII. 604. Ohm’s law, 1 be; VII. 586,1 c, 593, 
 2 a. Martin, mathematician, XII. 604, 1 c. 
 Ohmacht, Landolin [o'-ma k ht], German sculp¬ 
 tor, XII. 604. 
 
 Oidemia (ornithology), VI. 291, 1 a. O. fusca, 
 ib. O. perspicillata, 1 c (ill.). O. America¬ 
 na, ib. O. nigra, 2 a. See Coot, V. 312, 2 b. 
 Oidium (botany), VII. 532, 1 c; VIII. 164, 
 2 ab; X. 818, 1 a. O. albicans, VI. 688. 
 1 b (ill.). O. Tuckeri, ib., and XI. 534, 2 a 
 (ill.). O. lactis, XVI. 777, 1 be. 
 
OIL 
 
 OLD 
 
 559 
 
 Oil: see Essential Oils, Oils and Fats, Olive, 
 Petroleum, and Wiiale (Index). Oil of 
 bays, X. 208, 2 c; of beech nuts, II. 460, 
 2 b; of cade, IX. 715, 2 a; of eitronelle, X. 
 837, 1 be; of lemon grass, ib. ; of spike, 
 215, 2 c. Effect of oil on waves, I. 117,1 a. 
 Oil birds , VIII. 58, 1 b. 
 
 Oil cake , X. 513, 2 a; VII. 262, 1 c. 
 
 Oil creek, Pennsylvania, XIII. 367, 2 a, ff. 
 Olleus [o-i'-luce], father of the lesser Ajax, I. 
 225, 1 c. 
 
 Oil gas , VII. 640, 1 a. 
 
 Oil gold size , in gilding, VII. 808, 2 b. 
 
 Oil palm, XIII. 27, 1 c (ills.). 
 
 Oil of prayer, in the Greek church, VII. 44, 2 b. 
 Oil of vitriol, XV. 458, 1 c, 460, 1 c (Sulphu¬ 
 ric Acid) ; IX. 107, 2 a. 
 
 Oils and Fats, natural, XII. 604. Distinction 
 of, 1 c. Specific gravity, ib. Composition 
 of, 605, 1 a. Investigations of Chevreul, 
 Berthelot, and Heintz, 1 ab. Effect of high 
 temperature, 1 b. Drying and non-drying, 
 
 1 be. Uses, 2 a. 
 
 Oils, determination of fusing point of, VII. 546, 
 
 2 c. 
 
 Oils, fixed, tendency to ignite: see Combus¬ 
 tion, Spontaneous. 
 
 Oise [waz], river of France, XII. 605. 
 
 Oise, department of France, XII. 605. 
 Ojib'ways, Indian tribe, XII. 605. 
 
 Oka, river of Russia, XII. 606. 
 
 Okanagans [-na'-gans], Indian tribe, XII. 606. 
 Okcecho'bee, lake of Florida, VII. 280, 2 a. 
 O’Keefe, John, Irish dramatist, XII. 606 . 
 Okefino’kee swamps, II. 778, 2 c; VII. 716, 2 a. 
 Okeghem, Jan [ok'-eh-ghem], Flemish musi¬ 
 cian, XII. 607. 
 
 Oken, Lorenz, German naturalist, XII. 607. 
 Classes of the animal kingdom, V. 186, 1 ab. 
 Distinction of invertebrates from vertebrates, 
 IX. 325, 1 c. Classification of insects, VI. 
 660, 2 be; of reptiles, VIII. 693, 2 a; of 
 fishes, IX. 160, 2 c; of mollusca, XI. 50, 
 2 c; of mammals, 80, 2 b; of birds, XII. 
 707, 1 a. On philosophical anatomy, XIII. 
 422, 2 b, 424, 2 a. On development of spe¬ 
 cies, referred to, VII. 10, 2 b. Origin of all 
 organic beings, XII. 607, 1 ab; of the intes¬ 
 tines, ib. 
 
 Okhotsk [o'- k hotsk], town of Siberia, XII. 607. 
 Okhotsk, Sea of, XII. 607. 
 
 Okkoro, okro : see Okra. 
 
 Okra, plant, XII. 607 (ill.). 
 
 Oksu : see Aksu. 
 
 Oktibbeha [ok-tib'-be-haw], county, XII. 608. 
 Olaf, Saint, king of Norway, XII. 608. 
 Oland, island of Sweden, XII. 608. 
 
 Olathe, county seat, IX. 657, 1 c. 
 
 Olbers, Heinrich Wilhelm Matthaus [ole'- 
 berce], German astronomer, XII. 608. 
 
 Olbia, or Olbiopolis, ancient town, VI. 163, 2 b. 
 Olcinium: see Dulcigno. 
 
 Old Bactrian language, IX. 347, 2 a. 
 
 Old Bailey, London, X. 594, 1 a. 
 
 Old Bullion, sobriquet of Benton, II. 543, 1 a. 
 Oldcastle, Sir John, Baron Cobham, XII. 609. 
 Martyrdom of, 1 b. 
 
 Old Catholics, religious organization, XII. 
 609. Protests against the doctrine of papal 
 infallibility, the oecumenical character of the 
 Vatican council, &c., 1 c, ff. First Old 
 Catholic congress, 610, 1 a; second, 1 c; 
 third, 2 b. Legal claims, 2 a, 611, 1 ab; 
 VII. 761, 1 b. German statistics of, XII. 
 611, 1 a. Union conference with eastern 
 and Anglican theologians, 1 be ; on Filioque, 
 &c., ib. Outside of Germany, 2 ab. Con¬ 
 vention at Olten (Christian Catholics), 2 c. 
 In France, ib. ; IX. 527, 2 be. Origin of in 
 Bavaria, VI. 188, 2 c. Their periodicals, 
 XII. 612, 1 a. 
 
 Old comedy , Grecian, VIII. 213, 2 c. 
 
 “ Old continental congress, ” XVI. 155, 2 b. 
 Oldenbarneveldt : see Barneveldt. 
 Oldenburg [ole'-den-boorg], grand duchy of 
 Germany, XII. 612. Capital city, 2 c. 
 
 Old Faithful, geyser, VII. 786, 2 c. 
 
 Old-field pine, tree, XIII. 524, 2 a. 
 
 Oldfieldia (botany), XV. 603, 1 be. 
 
 Old Gothic architecture, I. 661, 1 b; 662, 2 a. 
 Oldham, county, XII. 612. 
 
 Oldham, town of England, XII. 613. 
 
 Oldham, John, English satirical poet, XII. 613. 
 Old Hickory, sobriquet of Jackson, IX. 488, 
 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 Oldi, countess of, II. 554, 2 b. 
 
 Old Man of the Mountain : see Assassins, 
 II. 25,1 a; White Mountains, XVI. 607, 1 a. 
 Old'mixon, John, English author, XII. 613. 
 Old Norse language, VII. 741, 1 b; IX. 154, 1 c. 
 Old Northern language, IX. 154, 1 c. 
 
 Old Point Comfort: see Point Comfort, Old 
 “ Old Presbyterian Dissenters, ” III. 656, 2 a. 
 Old Prussians, X. 374, 1 ab. 
 
 Old Rough and Ready, sobriquet of Gen. Tay¬ 
 lor, XV. 596, 2 be. 
 
 Old Sarum : see Salisbury. Referred to, IX. 
 655, 2 b. 
 
560 
 
 OLD-SIGHTEDNESS 
 
 OLYXTIIUS 
 
 Old-sigbtedness, XY. 237, 2 b. 
 
 Old squaw, duck, YI. 290, 2 b (ill., 289). 
 
 Old Tolbooth , Edinburgh, YI. 408, 1 a. 
 
 Old'town, Maine, XII. 613. 
 
 Old wife , duck, YI. 290, 2 b (ill., 289). 
 
 Old wives, fish : see Wrasse, XVI. 734, 1 be. 
 
 O'lea (botany), XII. 616, 2 be. O. Europaea, 
 2 c (ill., 617). O. Americana, 618, 1 b. O. 
 fragrans, 1 c. O. ilicifolia, ib. 
 
 Oleana, Ole Bull’s colony, III. 425, 1 c. 
 
 Olean'der, plant, XII. 613. Common, 1 ab 
 (ills.). Sweet, 1 b. 
 
 Olearus [o-le-a'-rus]: see Antiparos. 
 
 Oleate of glycerine, XII. 614, 1 b. Oleates, 2 b. 
 
 Ole Bull [o'-leli]: see Bull, Ole Bornemann. 
 
 Olef'iant Gas : see Carburetted Hydrogen, 
 III. 776, 1 be. 
 
 O'leic Acid, XII. 614; III. 698, 2 a. Its use 
 in preparing wool for cloth, IY. 393, 2 b. 
 
 Oleine [o'-le-in], XII. 614, 1 be; 605, 1 a; III. 
 698, 2 a. Lowest temperature of fluidity, 
 I. 119, 1 a. 
 
 Oleo-Margarine, artificial butter, XII. 614. 
 
 Oleophosphoric acid, of the brain, III. 186, 2 b. 
 
 Oleoresin, Y. 556, 1 c. 
 
 OlLron [o-la-ro ng ], island of France, XII. 614. 
 
 Oleron, Laws of : see Law Merchant, X. 
 219, 2 a. 
 
 Oleum carui, caraway oil, III. 767, 2 c. 
 
 Oleum ligni fossilis, brown coal oil, III. 344,2 a. 
 
 Oleum theobromce, cocoa butter, IY. 790, 1 ab. 
 
 Olfactory membrane, XII. 516, 1 c; of the 
 sheep (ill.), ib. 
 
 Olfactory nerves, XY. Ill, 2 b. 
 
 Olga, Russian princess and saint, XII. 615. 
 
 Olia'rus : see Antiparos. 
 
 Olib'anum : see Frankincense, YII. 431, 2 b 
 (ill.). 
 
 Olier de Yerneuil, Jean Jacques [uh-lya diih 
 vair-nuhy’], French priest, XII. 615; XI. 
 731, 1 a. 
 
 Oligocene, in geology, XI. 622, 2 ab. 
 
 Olin, Stephen, American clergyman, president 
 of the Wesleyan university, XII. 615. 
 
 Oliphant, Carolina, Baroness Nairne, Scottish 
 poetess, XII. 615. 
 
 Oliphant, Laurence, English author, XII. 615. 
 
 Oliphant, Margaret, authoress, XII. 616. 
 
 Olisipo (Lisbon), X. 521, 2 c. 
 
 Oliva, Alexandre Joseph [uh-le-va], French 
 sculptor, XII. 616. 
 
 Oliva, treaty of, referred to, YI. 741, 2 c. 
 
 Olivarez, Gasparo de Guzman, count [o-le- 
 va'-raith], Spanish statesman, XII. 616. 
 
 Olive, XII. 616. Common, 1 c (ill., 617). 
 Olive oil, 617, 2 a. Virgin oil, 2 b. Sweet 
 oil, 618, 1 a. Olive gum, 1 b. American 
 olive, ib. Holly-leaved, 1 c. 
 
 Oliver, Andrew, lieutenant governor of Mas¬ 
 sachusetts, XII. 618. Andrew, judge, 2 ab. 
 Peter, chief justice, 2 b. 
 
 Oliver Oldschool, editorial cognomen, YI. 19,2 be. 
 
 Oliver Optic, pseudonyme, I. 110, 2 b. 
 
 Oliver's blasting powder, VII. 35, 1 c. 
 
 Olives, Mount of, Palestine, XII. 618 (view). 
 
 Olivet, Mount: see Olives, Mount of. 
 
 Olive trees (Mt. of Olives), age of, I. 184, 1 b. 
 
 Olivier, Guillaume Antoine [uh-le-vya], French 
 entomologist, XII. 619. Classification of in¬ 
 sects, YI. 660, 1 b. 
 
 Olivier, Juste Daniel, Swiss poet, XII. 619. 
 
 Olivier, Theodore, French mathematician, 
 XII. 619. 
 
 Ol'la Podri'da [Sp. o'-lya po-£/*re'-£Aa], Span¬ 
 ish dish, XII. 619. 
 
 Ollius : see Oglio. 
 
 Ollivier, Emile [ul-le-vya], French politician, 
 XII. 620; III. 53, 1 ab, 2 ab. 
 
 Olmsted [um'-sted], county, XII. 620. 
 
 Olmsted, Denison, American natural philoso¬ 
 pher, XII. 620. 
 
 Olmsted, Frederick Law, American landscape 
 gardener, XII. 620. 
 
 Olmutz [ole'-miits], Austria, XII. 621. See 
 Lafayette, X. 98, 1 c, ff. 
 
 Olney, county seat (city), XIY. 319, 1 c. 
 
 Olon'etz, government of Russia, XII. 621. 
 
 Olor (ornithology), XY. 500, 1 ab. 
 
 Olshausen, Hermann [oalss'-how-zen], Ger¬ 
 man theologian, XII. 621. 
 
 Oltmann's tables, for barometric calculations, 
 referred to, II. 331, 1 c. 
 
 Olyb’rius, Roman emperor, XYI. 565, 1 c. 
 
 Olympia, capital of Washington territory, 
 XII. 621. 
 
 Olympia, Greece, XII. 622. Temple of Jupi 
 ter Olympius, 1 ab. 
 
 Olympiad: see Chronology, IY. 557, 1 c. 
 
 Olympias, mother of Alexander the Great, 
 XII. 622; XIII. 408, 1 b. 
 
 Olympic Games, XII. 622. 
 
 Olympie’um, temple at Athens, II. 61, 1 a. 
 (See plan.) 
 
 Olympus, Mount, XII. 623. Other mountains 
 so called, 2 a; III. 365, 1 a, be (see IX. 822, 
 1 be); Y. 616, 1 b; XVI. 469, 2 c. 
 
 Olynthiacs, orations by Demosthenes, Y. 798,1 b. 
 
 Olynthus, ancient town of Macedonia, XII. 
 
OMAGUAS 
 
 ONTARIO 
 
 561 
 
 623. War with Sparta, VIII. 196, 2 a ; with 
 Philip of Macedon, 198, 1 a, XIII. 407, 1 b. 
 
 Omaguas [o-ma'-gwas], South American In¬ 
 dians, XVI. 41, 1 ab, 2 a. 
 
 Omaha [o'-ma-haw], city of Nebraska, XII. 623. 
 
 Omahas, Indian tribe, XII. 624. 
 
 O'Mahony, John [o-ma'-ho-ne], Fenian leader, 
 VII. 124, 2 b, ff. (Died 1877.) 
 
 Oman [o-man'J, country of Arabia, XII. 624. 
 Oman proper, 1 c. Minerals, 2 ab. Pro¬ 
 ductions, 2 be. Divisions, 625, 1 a. Occu¬ 
 pations, 1 c. People, 2 a. Government, ib. 
 History, 2 c. See Arabia, I. 618, 1 b. 
 
 O'mar I., second caliph, XII. 626. Referred 
 to, I. 291, 2 c. Tomb of: see Medina. 
 
 Omar II., Ommiyade caliph, XII. 626. 
 
 Omas , fish, VIII. 301, 2 c. 
 
 O’Meara, Barry Edward [o-ma'-ra], Irish sur¬ 
 geon, XII. 626. Napoleon’s medical atten¬ 
 dant at St. Helena, 2 b. 
 
 Omen, XII. 626. Various kinds of, 627, 1 ab, 
 ff. In augury, II. 109, 1 a. 
 
 Omental hernia , XII. 627, 2 a. 
 
 Omentum (anatomy), XII. 627; XIII. 302, 
 2 a; I. 119, 2 c. 
 
 Omer , Saint [o-mair], (Audomarus, bishop of 
 Terouanne 637-’68), XIV. 548, 2 b. 
 
 Omer Pasha (Michael Lattas), Turkish soldier, 
 XII. 627. Referred to, XVI. 60, 1 c. 
 
 Ometepec [o-ma-ta-paik'], volcanic cone of Ni¬ 
 caragua, V. 345, 2 a. 
 
 Omichund': see Clive, Robert, IV. 694, 1 a. 
 
 O. Min. Cap., abbreviation, III. 763, 2 b. 
 
 Omish : see Mennonites. 
 
 Ommiyades rom-me'-yadsl, dynasty of caliphs, 
 XII. 628; III. 617, 1 a. 
 
 Ommastrephes (zoology), XV. 294, 2 a; 295,1 a. 
 
 Omne animal ex ovo, physiological aphorism, 
 VI. 561, 1 a. 
 
 Omnia mea mecumporto (“I carry all my pos¬ 
 sessions with me ”), proverb, II. 607, 2 c. 
 
 Omnia quee movent, &c.: see Deodand, VI. 
 26, 2 ab. 
 
 Omnibus, long coach, IV. 723, 2 ab. Sugges¬ 
 tion of, XIII. 90, 2 c. Omnibus service in 
 London, X. 617, 1 c. 
 
 Omnium urbis, &c., inscription on the pope’s 
 cathedral at Rome, IV. 117, 2 a. 
 
 Omo'sis, in liquids, VIII. 143, 1 c. 
 
 OMPnALE [om'-fa-le], in Greek legend, XII. 628. 
 
 Omphalos, or navel stone: see Delphi, V. 
 785, 2 a. 
 
 OmphaVosites, monsters, XI. 765, 1 b. 
 
 Omri, king of Israel: see Hebrews, VIII. 587,2 c. 
 
 36 
 
 Omsk, town of Siberia, XII. 628. Former 
 government, 1 be. 
 
 On : see Heliopolis, and XII. 452, 1 a. 
 Onagra'cece (botany), XII. 584, 2 c. 
 
 Onaioa, county seat, XI. 756, 2 c. 
 Onchorhynchus orientalis (ichthyology), VII. 
 232, 1 c. 
 
 Oncidium papilio (botany), XII. 673, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 O. altissimum, I. 218, 2 b. 
 
 Oncken, Johann Gerhard, German missionary, 
 XII. 628. 
 
 Ondatra (muskrat), XII. 102, 1 b. 
 
 Onderdonk, Henry Ustick, American bishop, 
 XII. 628. Benjamin Tredwell, bishop, 2 c. 
 O’Neall, John Belton, jurist, XII. 629. 
 One-berry, plant, XIII. 143, 2 b. 
 
 Onega [o-nSh'-ga], lake of Russia, XII. 629. 
 Oneida [o-ni'-da], two counties, XII. 629. 
 Oneida, lake of New York, XII. 629. 
 
 Oneida Community : see Noyes, John Hum¬ 
 phrey, XII. 529, 1 b. 
 
 Oneidas, Indian tribe, XII. 629. See Iroquois. 
 O’Neill, Eliza, English actress, XII. 630. 
 Onesimus [o-nes'-e- mus], converted slave, XIII. 
 405, 1 c. 
 
 One Study university, XII. 601,1 ab (table), c. 
 “ One third off, new for old," in marine insu¬ 
 rance, IX. 319, 1 b. 
 
 Oneiza [o-na'-za], city of Arabia, XII. 630. 
 Ongaro : see Dall’ Ongaro, Francesco. 
 Onion, XII. 630. Potato or multiplier, 2 be 
 (ill.); top or tree, 2 c (ill., 631); Welsh, 
 631, 2 a. Cultivation, 630, 2 c. Onion fly, 
 631, 2 a. Cives, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Onion river, Vermont, XVI. 312, 2 c. 
 
 Onlaf : see Aulaf. 
 
 On'oba, ancient town, IX. 31, 1 b (Huelva). 
 Onob'rychis sati’va (botany), XIV. 523, 1 c 
 (ill., 524). 
 
 Onomac'ritus, Orphic poet, XII. 710, 2 c. 
 Onomatopoeia [-pe'-ya], X. 147, 1 c. 
 
 Onondaga [on-un-da'-ga], county, XII. 631. 
 Onondagas, Indian tribe, XII. 632 ; IX. 412, 
 
 1 be, ff. 
 
 Onopordon acanthium (botany), XV. 713, 2 a. 
 Onota, county seat, XIV. 683, 1 c. 
 
 Onslow [on'-zlo], county, XII. 632. 
 
 Onslow, George, French composer, XII. 632. 
 Onslow Court House, county seat, XII. 632, 2 c, 
 Ontario, county of New York, XII. 632. 
 Ontario, province of Canada, XII. 633. Popu¬ 
 lation, 2 be. Topography, 634,1 a. Hydrog¬ 
 raphy, 1 c. Geology, 635, 1 b. Minerals, 
 
 2 a. Climate, 2 c. Soil and productions, 
 
562 
 
 ONTARIO 
 
 OPTIO 
 
 636, 1 a. Fauna, 2 c. Industries, ib ., 822-’4 
 (Appendix). Commerce, 637, 1 a. Inter¬ 
 communication, 2 a. Government, 1 c. Fi¬ 
 nances, 638, 1 b. Public institutions, 1 c. 
 Education, 2 c. Libraries, newspapers, &c., 
 639, 2 c. Religious organizations, ib. His¬ 
 tory, 640, 1 a. 
 
 Ontario, county of Canada, XII. 640. 
 Ontario, Lake, XII. 640. 
 
 Ontology: see Philosophy, XIII. 431, 2 c, 
 432, 1 be. 
 
 Ontonagon [on-to-na'-gun], county, XII. 641. 
 Ontonagon , county seat, XII. 641, 2 a. 
 
 Onygena equi'na [o-nij'-e-na], fungus, VII. 
 528, 2 be. 
 
 O'nyx, variety of quartz, XII. 641; I. 178, 1 a. 
 Oogo'niim , in botany, XIII. 772, 1 c. 
 
 O'olite, kind of limestone, XII. 641. 
 
 Ooltewah , county seat, IX. 513, 2 b. 
 
 Oomiah , Esquimaux boat, YI. 730, 1 c. 
 Oonalaslca: see TInalashka (Index). 
 
 Oort, Adam van [van oart], Flemish painter, 
 
 XII. 641. 
 
 Oostenaula river, XIY. 401, 2 be, c. 
 
 Ootocoids [o-ot'-o-koids]: see Megasthenes. 
 Obzoa [o-o-zo'-a], (zoology), XIY. 36, 2 b. 
 Opal, mineral, XII. 642. Composition of, 
 XY. 39, 1 c. 
 
 Opalia , festival, referred to, XIY. 641, 2 c. 
 Opatas [o'-pa-tas], Indian tribe, XII. 642; 
 
 XIII. 518, 1 a. 
 
 OpdyTce , George , on political economy, XIII. 
 677, 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 Opechanganough, Indian chief, I. 405, 1 c. 
 Opelika, county seat, X. 289, 2 b. 
 
 Opelou'sas, town of Louisiana, XII. 642. 
 Op’equan, battle of the, XYI. 655, 2 a. 
 
 Opera, XII. 642. Origin of, 89, 2 b. 
 Ophib'olus exim’ius, serpent, Y. 114, 2 b; IY. 
 
 420, 2 a. O. clericus, ib. 
 
 Ophicleide [of'-e-klide], musical instrument, 
 XII. 643. 
 
 OpniDiANS: see Serpent. 
 
 Ophioc'oma , star fish, XII. 644, 1 a. 
 Ophioglossa 1 'cece (botany), YII. 150, 2 b. Ophi- 
 oglossum vulgatum (ill.), 151. 
 
 Ophioph'olis, star fish (ill.), XII. 644, 1 a. 
 Ophiophthalmes [Fr. o-fe-of-talm], (zoology), 
 XY. 80, 1 b. 
 
 Ophiorrhi'za mun'gos (botany), IX. 157, 2 c. 
 O'phie, in Biblical geography, XII. 643. 
 Opliisaurians, reptiles, XIY. 643, 1 c. 
 Ophisaurus ventralis , YIII. 27, 2 c. Referred 
 to, II. 724, 1 a. See Satjrians. 
 
 O'phites : see Gnostics, YIII. 54, 2 a. 
 Ophiu'ra, star fish, XII. 644, 1 a. 
 
 Ophiueans, family of star fishes, XII. 643 (ills.). 
 
 Referred to, XV. 320, 2 a. 
 
 Ophiuridce: see Ophiueans. 
 
 Ophryocerclna , class of animalcules, I. 515, 1 c. 
 Oplirydi'na, class of animalcules, I. 515, 1 be. 
 Ophthalmia, XII. 644. Catarrhal, 2 a. Egyp¬ 
 tian, 2 c. Ophthalmia neonatorum, 645, 2 a. 
 Scrofulous or strumous, 2 b. Sclerotitis, 
 646, 1 ab. 
 
 Ophthalmoscope , invention of the, YIII. 623,1 c. 
 Opiania: see Opium, XII. 650, 1 b. 
 
 Op'ica (Italy), IX. 449, 1 ab. 
 
 Opicans , Italic race, IX. 439, 2 a. 
 
 Opie, John, English painter, XII. 646. Amelia, 
 authoress, 2 b. 
 
 Opisthocom'idee (ornithology), XIII. 595, 2 c. 
 Opisthoc'omus (ornithology), XIII. 596, 1 a. 
 O. cristatus, ib. 
 
 Opisthod'omus, of a Grecian temple, I. 654, 2 c. 
 Opistholonos, spasmodic disease, XY. 666, 2 a; 
 428, 1 c; 269, 1 ab. 
 
 Opitz, Martin, German poet, XII. 646. Re¬ 
 ferred to, XIII. 635, 2 c. 
 
 Opium, medicinal drug, XII. 647. Production 
 of, 1 b. Chemical character, 648, 1 c. Con¬ 
 stituents, 2 be. Action of morphia, 649, 1 c. 
 Other alkaloids, 650, 1 a. The opium habit, 
 1 b. Opium war, 1 c: see China, IY. 460, 
 1 a.—Camphorated tincture of opium: see 
 Paregoric Elixir. Opium treatment in peri¬ 
 tonitis, XIII. 303, 2 a. Adulteration of Tur¬ 
 key opium, I. 134, 1 c. Patna opium, II. 
 524, 2 b. Wine of opium, X. 205, 1 c. 
 Opobabam, II. 250, 1 c. 
 
 Opodeldoc, XII. 650; XY. 139, 1 a. 
 
 Oporto, city of Portugal, XII. 650 (view). 
 
 History, 651, 1 c. 
 
 Opos, XII. 647, 1 a (Opium). 
 
 Opossum, animal, XII. 651. Common, 2 c 
 (ill., 652). 
 
 Oppeln [up'-peln], town of Prussia, XII. 652. 
 Oppenheim [-hime], town of Germany, XII. 653. 
 Oppert, Jules [up-pair], French orientalist, XII. 
 653. Ivey to the cuneiform inscriptions, Y, 
 572, 2 be. 
 
 Oppian, Greek poet, XII. 653. 
 
 Oppidan, at Eton college, YI. 763, 2 c. 
 Oppulum Ubiorum (Cologne), Y. 82, 2 c. 
 
 11 0. P. riots,” IX. 784, 1 b. 
 
 Ops, wife of Saturn, XIV. 639, 2 a. 
 
 Opslo, ancient town of Sweden, IY. 530, 1 c. 
 Optic axis, X. 441, 2 a, b. 
 
OPTIC 
 
 ORDERICUS 
 
 563 
 
 Optic nerves, VII. 46, 2 a. 
 
 Optics, XII. 653 (ills.). Catoptrics, 654, 1 c. 
 
 Dioptrics, 657, 1 c. Dispersion, 659, 2 c. 
 Optic thaVami , of the brain, III. 191, 1 be, 2 a. 
 Optic tubercles , of reptiles, XII. 235, 2 c; of 
 fishes, 236, 1 a. 
 
 Optima'tes , Roman aristocrats, XV. 91, 1 b. 
 Optimes [op'-te-meez], university term, III. 
 
 645, 1 b. Senior and junior optimes, ib. 
 Optimism , Leibnitz’s doctrine of, X. 325, 1 c. 
 Option , in stock dealing, XII. 388, 1 c, 2 a. 
 Opuntia : see Cactus. 
 
 Opus mallei, in engraving, VI. 652, 2 c. 
 Opyornis maximus , fossil bird, X. 810, 2 ab. 
 Opzoomer, Carolus Wilhelmus [op'-zo-mer], 
 Dutch philosopher, XII. 660. 
 
 Oquawka, county seat, VIII. 635, 2 b. 
 
 Oquirrh mountains , Utah, XVI. 232, 1 c. 
 
 Or, in heraldry, VIII. 671, 2 a, be. 
 
 Oracle, in ancient religion, XII. 660. Chief 
 heathen oracles, 2 ab, £f. Said to have be¬ 
 come dumb at the birth of Christ, 2 ab. 
 Oran' [Fr. o-ra ng ], province of Algeria, XII. 
 
 661. Capital city, 2 a. 
 
 Orange, XII. 661 (ill.). Flower and fruit, 
 
 662, 1 a (ill.). Sweet and bitter, 1 c. Or¬ 
 ange with horned fruit, 2 be (ill.). Manda¬ 
 rin orange, 663, 1 b (ill.). Orange-flower 
 water, 2 c. Oil of orange or orange peel, 
 ib. Methods of cultivating, 664, 1 ab. Im¬ 
 ports into the United States, 2 c. 
 
 Orange, name of seven counties, XII. 665. 
 Orange, city of New Jersey, XII. 666. 
 
 Orange, county seat, XII. 665, 2 c. 
 
 Orange [o-ra ng zh], town of France, XII. 666. 
 Orange, Principality of, XII. 666. Dutch 
 princes of, their origin, XII. 153, 2 a. See 
 William of Nassau, Maurice, count of Nas¬ 
 sau, and William III. of England. 
 
 Orange Free State, S. Africa, II. 776, 2 b; 438, 
 2 a; I. 170, 1 c. 
 
 Orangeburg, county, XII. 666. 
 
 Orangeburg 0. H, county seat, XII. 666, 2 b. 
 Orange 0. II., county seat, XII. 665, 2 a. 
 Orange gourd, XV. 293, 1 be. 
 
 Orangemen, British political society, XII. 666. 
 Orange Peel, sobriquet, XIII. 224, 2 c.» 
 
 Orange riots, in Ireland, II. 486, 2 be; in New 
 York, XII. 408, 2 ab, 667, 2 a. 
 
 Orange River: see Cape Colony, III. 743, 2 c, 
 746, 1 c. 
 
 Orange River Republic : see Boers, II. 776, 
 2 b, and 438, 2 a; I. 170, 1 c. 
 
 Orange-root, plant, XIV. 65, 2 b. 
 
 Orang gunung, natives of Bancn, II. 264, 2 b. 
 
 Orang'-Outang', ape, XII. 667 (ill.)* Anatomy 
 of, 2 b, ff. Anthropoid resemblances taken 
 from immature specimens, 668, 2 b. Bor¬ 
 nean pongo, ib. Its habitat, III. 104, 2 a. 
 
 Oranienbaum [o-ra'-ne-en-bowm],town of Rus¬ 
 sia, XII. 669. 
 
 Orator, in equity proceedings, II. 640, 1 ab. 
 
 “Orator Ilenley ,” VIII. 637, 1 c. “The Ora¬ 
 tory,” 2 a. 
 
 Oratorians, two religious orders, XII. 669. 
 The French : see Monachism, XI. 731, 1 b. 
 
 Oratorio, sacred musical composition, XII. 
 669. Origin of, 89, 2 b. 
 
 Oratory, art of public speaking, XII. 670. 
 
 Oratory, congregation of the, XII. 669, 1 be. 
 Oratory of Jesus, Priests of the, 1 c. Ora¬ 
 tory of Christ our Lord and of Mary Immac¬ 
 ulate, or Oratory of the Immaculate Concep¬ 
 tion, 2 ab. 
 
 Orbigny, Alcide Dessalines d’ [dor-be-nye], 
 French naturalist, XII. 670. Charles Dessa¬ 
 lines d’, geologist, 2 b. 
 
 Orca : see Grampus. 
 
 Orcades [or'-ka-deez]: see Orkney Islands. 
 
 Orcagna [or-ka'-nya], (Andrea di Cione), Ital¬ 
 ian artist, XII. 670. 
 
 Orchelimum vulga're [or-kel'-e-mum], (ento¬ 
 mology), VIII. 170, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Orchella [or-kel'-la]: see Litmus, X. 531, 1 b. 
 
 Orchestra [or'-kes-tra], of the Greek theatre, 
 XII. 670. Body of instrumental performers, 
 671, 1 a. Instruments of, 1 c. 
 
 Orchida'cece : see Orchids. 
 
 ORcniDS [or'-kidz], XII. 671. Structure of 
 flower, 2 a (ill.). Mode of fertilization, 672, 
 1 b (ills.). American orchids, 673, .1 ab. 
 Butterfly orchids, 2 b (ill.). Cultivation, ib. 
 (ill.). 
 
 Orchil : see Archil. 
 
 Orchis (botany) : see Orchids, and Salep, 
 XIV. 563, 2 b. O. mascula (ill.), ib. 
 
 Orchomenus [-kom'-], city of Greece, XII. 674. 
 
 Orcus, in the Roman poets, XIII. 623, 1 a. 
 
 Ord, George (1781-1866), American naturalist, 
 XVI. 650, 2 b. 
 
 Ordeal [or'-de-al], form of trial, XII. 674. 
 Abolition of, VI. 296, 2 a. Ordeal bean, III. 
 560, 2 a. 
 
 Order, in botany: see Plant, XIII. 592, 2 c. 
 
 Order, sacrament of, XII. 676, 2 b. 
 
 “ Order of Geneva ,” liturgy, X. 35, 1 be. 
 
 Orderi'cus Vita'lis, English chronicler, XII. 
 675. 
 
564 : 
 
 ORDERS 
 
 ORICHALCUM 
 
 Orders, or Holy Orders: see Ordination. 
 Orders, Religious r see Religious Orders, and 
 Monachism. 
 
 Orders in Council, by the British sovereign, 
 XII. 675. Famous orders of 1807-8 : see 
 Continental System, British orders in coun¬ 
 cil (Index), and Berlin and Milan decrees 
 (Index). 
 
 Orders of architecture, I. 655, 2 b (ills., 656). 
 Ordinary, in law, XII. 675 ; XIV. 23, 1 be. 
 
 See Will, XVI. 627, 1 c. 
 
 Ordinate, in analytic geometry, I. 456, 1 a. 
 Ordination, ecclesiastical, XII. 676. 
 Ordonnance capochienne [or-dun-na" g ce ka-piih- 
 she-Sn], III. 528, 2 a. 
 
 Ordonnance civile [se-veel], X. 657, 2 a. 
 Ordonnance de Blois [duh blwa], II. 597, 2 c. 
 Ordonnance de la marine [duh la ma-reen], X. 
 219, 2 be. 
 
 Ordonnance minarde [me-nard], III. 158, 2 ab. 
 Ordovi'ces, Celtic people, XYI. 427, 2 a. 
 
 Ord's propositions, regarding Irish trade, YIII. 
 172, 2 be. 
 
 Oreads [o'-re-adz], YII. 63, 2 a. See Nymphs. 
 Ore Altai, mountain ridges, I. 358, 1 b. 
 
 Oreas canna (zoology), YI. 486, 1 c (ill.). 
 Orebro, city of Sweden, XII. 676. Synod of, 
 XIY. 249, 1 a. 
 
 Or'egon, state, XII. 676. State seal (ill.), 677. 
 Population, 1 ab. Topography, 2 c. Coast, 
 678, 1 be. Rivers, 2 b. Lakes, 679, 1 be. 
 Geology, 1 c. Minerals, 2 a. Climate, 680, 
 1 a. Soil and productions, 2 be. Fauna, 
 
 681, 2 a. Agriculture, 2 b. Manufactures, 
 
 682, 1 a. Commerce, 1 ab. Government, 
 
 1 c. Finances, 683, 2 a. Public institutions, 
 
 2 c. Education, 684, 1 ab. Libraries, &c., 
 2 c. Religious organizations, 685, 1 a. His¬ 
 tory, ib. Northern boundary of, II. 543, 1 a. 
 Oregon boundary question, XIII. 680, 2 b. 
 
 Oregon, county, XII. 685. 
 
 Oregon, county seat, XII. 589, 1 a. 
 
 Oregon River : see Columbia River. 
 
 Oreide [o'-re-id], alloy, III. 213, 2 ab. 
 O’Reilly, Alexander, count [o-ri'-le], Spanish 
 soldier, XII. 685. 
 
 Orel, government of Russia, XII. 686. Capi¬ 
 tal, 1 b. 
 
 Orellana, Francisco [o-ra-lya'-na], Spanish 
 adventurer, XII. 686. 
 
 Orellana river: see Amazon, I. 380, 2 a. 
 Orelli, Johann Kaspar, Swiss philologist, XII. 
 686 . 
 
 Ore Mountains : see Erzgebirge. 
 
 Orenburg [o'-ren-boorg], government of Rus¬ 
 sia, XII. 686. Capital, 687, 1 a. 
 
 Orense [o-rain'-sa], province of Spain, XII. 
 
 687. Capital, 1 b. “ Three marvels ” of, ib. 
 Orense, Jos6 Maria d’Albaida, marquis, Span¬ 
 ish statesman, XII. 687. 
 
 Oreodaphne (botany): see Laurel, X. 209, 
 
 1 ab (O. Californica). 
 
 Oreodoxa oleracea (botany), XIII. 17, 2 c. 
 
 (Synonyme, areca oleracea, III. 524,1 be, ill.) 
 Oreoph'asis (ornithology), YIII. 278, 1 b. O. 
 Derbianus, 2 b. 
 
 Oreot'ragus salta'trix (zoology), X. 25, 1 c (ill.). 
 Ores'tes, in Greek legend, XII. 687. 
 
 Orestes, father of Augustulus, XYI. 565, 2 a. 
 Orestiads: see Nymphs. 
 
 Oreste'ian trilogy, in Greek tragedy, 1.152, 1 a. 
 Oreus [o'-re-us]: see Histi^ea. 
 
 Orf, species of carp, XII. 687. 
 
 Orfa : see Uefa (Index). 
 
 Orfila, Mateo Jose Bonaventura [or-fe'-la], 
 French chemist, XII. 687. 
 
 Orford, Earls of: see Walpole. 
 
 Orgagna: see Orcagna. 
 
 Organ, musical instrument, XII. 688. Struc¬ 
 tural portions, 2 c. Pipes, 689, 1 c; flue 
 and reed, 2 a. Organ tuning, 2 c. Pneu¬ 
 matic power, 690, 1 c. Barker’s electro¬ 
 magnetic contrivance, 2 a. Largest organs, 
 
 2 c. Barrel organ, &c., 691, 1 b.—Great 
 organ of Fribourg, YII. 490, 2 c; of Haar¬ 
 lem, YIII. 362, 1 c. Chinese organ, XIY. 
 242, 1 c. Reed organ, 2 ab ; 243, 2 b. Alex¬ 
 andre organ, 242, 2 b; 243, 2 c. 
 
 Organ gun: see Artillery, I. 796, 2 c. 
 
 “ Organic articles ,” of the concordat between 
 Bonaparte and Pius YII., IX. 265, 1 c. 
 Organic compounds, XII. 478, 1 b. 
 
 Organic granules, II. 208, 1 a. 
 
 Organ Mountains : see Brazil, III. 218, 2 c. 
 Organista, bird, XV. 564, 1 b. 
 
 Organocleide, music box, XII. 94, 2 b. 
 Organolyricon, musical instrument, XII. 691,1 c. 
 Organology: see Phrenology, XIII. 475, 1 b. 
 Or'ganon, of Aristotle, X. 580, 1 b. 
 
 Organs, animal, classification of, I. 461, 1 c. 
 Organs of special sense, Y. 177, 2 ab; of 
 alimentation and digestion, 180, 1 ab. 
 Organzine, silk thread, XV. 42, 1 b. 
 
 Orgyia [or'-je-ya], measure of length (Athe¬ 
 nian), XYI. 538, 2 a. 
 
 Oribe [o-re'-ba], (Manuel, president of Uruguay 
 1835—’8, died 1857), XVI. 228, 2 a. 
 Orichalcum , compound metal, XYI. 818, 2 c. 
 
ORIENTAL 
 
 ORNITHOSAURIANS 
 
 565 
 
 Oriental amethyst, gem, XIY. 627, 1 a. 
 
 Oriental chrysolite , gem, IY. 561, 1 c. 
 
 Oriental emerald , gem, YI. 568, 1 c; XIY. 
 627, 1 a. 
 
 Oriental topaz, gem, IV. 561,1 c; XIY. 626, 2 c. 
 
 Oriflamme [o-re-flam], French royal banner, 
 XII. 691; II. 263, 1 b. See Flag, YII. 249, 
 2 b. Adoption of: see Saint-Denis. 
 
 Orig'anum (botany), XI. 174, 2 be. O. majo- 
 rana and 0. vulgare, 2 c. Oil of origanum, ib. 
 
 Origen, church father, XII. 691. Early taught 
 pagan philosophy and the Scriptures, 2 a. 
 Asceticism, 2 b ; voluntary mutilation, ib. 
 Study of Hebrew, and of all known philoso¬ 
 phy, 2 c. Denied all clerical rank, 692, 1 ab ; 
 excommunicated for heresy, 1 b. Whether 
 the soul dies with the body and is quickened 
 at the resurrection, 2 ab. Martyred under 
 the Decian persecution, 2 b. His writings, ib. 
 
 Origines, the [o-rij'-e-neez], of Cato, X. 193,1 be. 
 
 Orihuela [o-re-wa'-la], city of Spain, XII. 693. 
 
 Orinoco, river of Venezuela, XII. 693. 
 
 O'riole, bird, XII. 693. European golden, 
 694, 1 a (ill.). Australian orioles, 2 a. See 
 Baltimore Bird, and Troopial, XY. 6, 1 b. 
 
 Ori'olus (ornithology), XII. 694, 1 a. O. gal- 
 bula, 1 ab (ill.). O. auratus, 1 c. 
 
 Ori'on, Greek mythical hero, XII. 694. 
 
 Oris'kany formation , in geology, VI. 57, 2 b. 
 
 Orissa, ancient province of India, XII. 694. 
 
 Oriya [o-re'-ya], a Hindoo tongue, IX. 216, 2 c; 
 218, 1 ab. 
 
 Orizaba [o-re-sa'-ba], city of Mexico, XII. 695. 
 Pico de, mountain, 2 b. 
 
 Orkhan , Turkish sultan (1326-’60), XYI. 61,1 a. 
 
 Orkney Islands, Scotland, XII. 695. 
 
 Orlando : see Roland. 
 
 Orlando , county seat, XII. 665, 2 b. 
 
 Orle , in heraldry, VIII. 672, 2 b. (See plate.) 
 
 Orleanais [or-la-a-na], old province of France, 
 XII. 696. 
 
 Orleanists , French party, YII. 399, 2 a; X. 
 800, 2 c. Orleanists and Burgundians, IY. 
 286, 1 b. 
 
 Orleans [or'-le-anz], three counties, XII. 696. 
 
 Orleans, island of Canada, XII. 697. 
 
 Orleans (Fr. Orleans , or-la-a" B ), city of France, 
 XII. 697 (view). History, 1 c. 
 
 Orleans, Duchy and Families of, XII. 698. 
 Louis, duke of, lieutenant general of the 
 kingdom, 2 ab. Charles, father of King 
 Louis XII., 2 c. Jean Baptiste Gaston, brother 
 of Louis XIII., 699, 1 b. Philippe II., re¬ 
 gent of France, 2 a; II. 581, 2 ab. Cheva¬ 
 
 lier d’Orleans, XII. 700, 1 c. Louis Philippe 
 Joseph (Philippe Egalit6), ib. Ferdinand 
 Philippe Louis Charles Henri Joseph, son 
 of King Louis Philippe, 701, 1 c. IKlene 
 Louise Elisabeth, duchess of, 2 b. 
 
 Orleans, Maid of: see Joan of Arc. 
 
 Orleans , John , bastard of: see Dunois, Jean, 
 YI. 318, 2 a; Chateaudun, IY. 334, 2 a. 
 Orleans, ordinance of X. 393, 2 c. 
 
 Orleans, territory of X. 678, 1 a. 
 
 Orleans Bar , county seat, X. 22, 1 a. 
 
 Orleans house: see Twickenham. 
 
 Orleans princes: see Atjmale, II. 118, 2 c; 
 Chartres, IY. 325, 1 b ; Eu, YI. 767, 1 b ; 
 Joinville, IX. 672, 2 c ; Montpensier, XI. 
 793, 2 c ; Nemours ; Orleans, XII. 701, 
 
 1 c; Paris, XIII. 94, 1 b. 
 
 Orloff', Russian family, XII. 702. Ivan, its 
 founder, 1 a. Grigori Grigorievitcli, favor¬ 
 ite of Catharine II., ib. Alexei, admiral, 1 b. 
 Fedor, general, 1 c. Alexei, prince, general 
 and diplomatist, ib. Nikolai, prince, diplo¬ 
 matist, 2 b. 
 
 Orloff diamond, YI. 75, 2 c. 
 
 Orme, Robert, English author, XII. 702. 
 Ormer, mollusk, YI. 354, 2 b. 
 
 Ormond, James Butler, duke of, XII. 702. 
 Ormond (Mongo John), slave trader, III. 720,2 c. 
 Ormsby, county, XII. 703. 
 
 Or'muz, island of Persia, XII. 703 (view). 
 Ormuzd, Persian deity, XII. 704. 
 
 Orne, department of France, XII. 704. 
 Ornithichnites [or-ne-thik'-nites]: see Fossil 
 Footprints. Origin of the name, YII. 341, 
 
 2 ab. 
 
 Ornithoceph'alus (fossil ichthyology), XIY. 62, 
 2 ah. 
 
 Ornithog'alum (botany), XY. 323, 1 c. O. 
 umbellatum, 1 ab (ill.). 
 
 Ornithology, XII. 704. Classification of birds, 
 1 c, If. First systematic attempt, 2 b; of 
 Linnaeus, 2 be; of Latham, 705, 1 a; of 
 Lac6pede, lb; of Cuvier, 2 ab ; of Macleay 
 (quinary system), 706, 1 b ; of Oken, 707,1 a. 
 Embryology, 1 c. Agassiz on the bird em¬ 
 bryo, 2 ab; his classification of birds, 2 c. 
 Other systems, 708, 1 a, if. Number of 
 species,709,1 b. Earliest geological epoch, ib. 
 Ornithomyia (entomology), YI. 130, 1 c. 
 Ornith'omancy, divination by birds, YI. 154,1 b. 
 Ornithop'terus (ornithology), XIY. 62, 2 b. 
 Oknithorhynchus, genus of mammals, XIL 
 709. O. paradoxus, 1 c (ill.). 
 Ornithosaurians : see Pterodactyl. 
 
566 
 
 ORNUS 
 
 OSCAN 
 
 Ornus (botany), 1.806,1 be. Species, 2 a (ills.). 
 Orobanche [o-ro-bang'-ke], vegetable parasite, 
 XII. 647, 2 b. O. minor, IV. 714, 2 be. 
 Oro'des, Parthian king, XIII. 135,2b,c; 136,1 ab. 
 Orog'raphy : see Mountains, XII. 8, 1 c. 
 Oroide [o'-ro-id], alloy, I. 336, 2 c. 
 
 Orolaunum: see Arlon. 
 
 'QpoXoyiov, of the Greek church, III. 257, 1 a. 
 Oromocto , county seat, XV. 477, 1 c. 
 
 Orono , Indian chief, I. 20, 1 a. 
 
 Orono , county seat, XIV. 846, 2 a. 
 
 O'ronsay : see Colonsay. 
 
 Oron'tes, river of Syria, XII. 710. 
 
 Oroomiaii : see Urumiah. 
 
 Oropa , Italian village, II. 628, 2 a. 
 
 Oropesa [o-ro-pa'-sa]: see Cochabamba, IV. 
 776, 1 a. 
 
 Orosinian seminary , in Calabria, VIII. 218,1 b. 
 Oeosius, Paulus, Spanish theologian, XII. 710. 
 Orotara [o-ro-ta'-va], Teneriffe, XV. 640, 1 c. 
 Oroville , county seat, III. 493, 1 b. 
 
 Orphan house at Halle , Francke’s, VII. 427, 2 a. 
 Orphat : see Arafat. 
 
 Orpheus [or'-fuce], mythical Greek poet, XII. 
 710. 
 
 Orpheus C. Kerr , pseudonyme, XII. 285, 2 b. 
 Orphica , ancient Greek poems, XII. 711, 1 b. 
 Orphic cosmogony , XII. 711, 1 a. Orphic 
 hymns, 1 b. 
 
 Orphici , followers of Orpheus, XII. 710, 2 c. 
 Orphic mysteries , XII. 115, 1 ab. 
 
 Orpine [or'-pin]: see Sedum. 
 
 Orr, James Lawrence, American statesman, 
 XII. 711. 
 
 Orrery, astronomical machine, XII. 711. 
 Orrery , first earl of, III. 173, 2 a; fourth, 174, 
 1 b; fifth, 1 c. 
 
 Orris Root : see Iris, IX. 364, 1 b. 
 
 Orsay, Alfred Guillaume Gabriel d’ [dor-sa] 
 count, XII. 711. 
 
 Orsini [or-se'-ne], Italian family, XII. 711. Re¬ 
 ferred to, III. 66, 2 b. 
 
 Orsini, Felice, Italian revolutionist, XII. 712. 
 Orsini , princess , XIII. 414, 1 b. 
 
 Orsua [or-soo'-a], Spanish adventurer, 1.210,1 b. 
 Orta-bashi , janizary officer, IX. 526, 1 c. 
 Ortala , count of [or-ta'-la]: see Torstenson. 
 Ortal'ida (ornithology), VIII. 278, 1 b, 2 ab. 
 O. katraca, 2 b. 
 
 Or'talis (entomology), VI. 130, 1 c. 
 
 Ortegal , Gape : see Cape Ortegal. 
 
 Orthagoria (Stagira), XV. 302, 2 c. 
 Orthagoriscus (ichthyology), XV. 480, 2 c. O. 
 mola, 481,1 b (ill.). 
 
 Orthoceras [or-thos'-e-ras], fossil animal, XII. 
 
 712. O. explorator (ill.), 2 a. 
 
 Orthoclase , species of feldspar, VII. 114, 2 b. 
 Orthodox Greek church: see Greek Church. 
 Orthodox and Hicksites : see Friends, VII. 
 
 498, 2 ab. 
 
 Orthog'nathi , VI. 756, 2 a (Ethnology). 
 Orthographic projection , in drawing, VI. 250, 
 1 b; in map making, XI. 135, 2 b. 
 Orthop'tera, order of insects, XII. 712. 
 Or'tolan, bird, XII. 712 (ill., 713). Ortolan 
 of Georgia, II. 768, 2 a. 
 
 Orton , Arthur: seeTiciiBORNE Trial, XV. 736, 
 
 1 b. 
 
 Orton, James, American naturalist, XII. 713. 
 
 (Died in Peru, 1877.) 
 
 Ortulan: see Ortolan. 
 
 Ortygia : see Delos, V. 783, 2 ab, and Syra¬ 
 cuse, XV. 541, 2 ab. 
 
 Ortygi’nce (ornithology), XIV. 125, 2 be. 
 Ortyx (ornithology), XIV. 125, 2 c. O. Vir- 
 ginianus, ib. (ill., 126); II. 654, 2 c. 
 
 Oruk'tor Amphib'olos , Evans’s road locomo¬ 
 tive, XV. 336, 1 b. 
 
 Oruro [o-roo'-ro], department of Bolivia, XII. 
 
 713. Capital, 2 b. Plateau of, III. 13, 2 a. 
 Tin mines of, 2 b. 
 
 Orvet : see Blindworm. 
 
 Orvieto [or-ve-a'-to], toAvn of Italy, XII. 713. 
 Wine of, IX. 468, 2 b. 
 
 Orycter'opus capensis (zoology), I. 3, 1 a (ill.). 
 Oryx : see Antelope, I. 545, 2 a, b. 
 
 Ory'za (botany), XIV. 307, 2 b. O. sativa, ib. 
 (ill.). 
 
 Ory’zece (botany), XIV. 307, 2 b. 
 
 Oryz'omys (zoology), XII. 15, 2 b. 
 
 Osage, two counties, XII. 714. 
 
 Osage Orange, plant, XII. 714 (ill.). Fruit, 
 
 2 be (ill.). Use of in hedges, VIII. 604, 1 c. 
 Osage River : see Missouri, XI. 664, 2 a. 
 Osages, Indian tribe, XII. 715. 
 
 Osaka : see Ozaka. 
 
 Os artifciel [o zar-te-fe-se-el], in dentistry, 
 VI. 23, 2 a. 
 
 Osaicatomie , battle of IX. 755, 1 a. 
 
 Osborn, Sherard, English author, XII. 715. 
 Osborne [oz'-burn], county, XII. 716. 
 
 Osborne , county seat, XII. 716, 1 a. 
 
 Osborne, Lord Sydney Godolpliin, philanthro¬ 
 pist, XII. 716. 
 
 Osborne , J. IF., photo-lithographic process ofj 
 X. 529, 1 b. 
 
 Osborne house , isle of Wight, XVI. 619, 1 ab. 
 Oscan dialect , IX. 455, 1 o, 2 a. 
 
OSCANS 
 
 Oscans, Italic race, IX. 439, 2 a. 
 
 Oscar I., Joseph Francis, king of Sweden and 
 Norway, XII. 716. 
 
 Oscar II., king, XII. 716. 
 
 Osceo'la, two counties, XII. 716. 
 
 Osceola, county seats, IY. 638, 2 b; XI. 658, 
 2 b; XIII. 680, 1 b; XIV. 527, 2 b. 
 Osceola, Indian chief, XII. 716 ; XIV. 759, 1 c. 
 Osceola Mills , county seat, XIII. 679, 2 b. 
 Oschophoria [os-ko-fo'-re-a], ancient festival, 
 XV. 701, 2 be. 
 
 Oscillating engine , XV. 345, 2 c (ill., 346). 
 Oscillation, centre of: see Mechanics, XI. 325, 
 1 c (ill.). Method of finding, IX. 99, 1 a. 
 Osco'da, county, XII. 717. 
 
 Osculatorium, tablet with crucifix, XIII. 198,2 b. 
 Os'culatory circle , in geometry, V. 589, 1 a. 
 Osel : see Oesel. 
 
 Osgar , legendary Irish warrior, VII. 124, 2 a. 
 Osgood, David, American clergyman, XII. 717. 
 Osgood, Frances Sargent, poetess, XII. 717. 
 Osgood, Samuel, clergyman, XII. 717. 
 
 Oshima [o-she'-ma], island of Japan, XII. 717. 
 Oshkosh, city of Wisconsin, XII. 717. 
 Oshmooneyn [-nain']: see IIermopolis Magna. 
 Osiander, Andreas [o ze-an'-der], German re¬ 
 former, XII. 718. 
 
 Osiandrian controversy, X. 733, 1 b. 
 
 Osier, basket willow, XII. 718. White or 
 common, 2 b (ill.) ; 719, 2 b. Other kinds, 
 ib. Cultivation, 1 a. 
 
 Osioot: see Sioot. 
 
 Osi'ris, Egyptian divinity, XII. 719 ; XIII. 436, 
 1 c. 
 
 Osius: see Chalcidius, IV. 227, 2 be. 
 Oskaloosa, city of Iowa, XII. 720. 
 
 Oskaloosa, county seat, IX. 588, 2 a. 
 Oskmeyjar, in Norse mythology, XII. 120, 1 b. 
 Osier's anemometer, I. 489, 2 c. 
 
 Osman : see Othman. 
 
 Osmanli dialect , XVI. 63, 2 be. Literature, 
 65, 1 b. 
 
 Osme'rus (ichthyology), XV. 112, 1 b, O. viri- 
 descens, 1 be (ill.). O. eperlanus, 1 c. 
 
 Osmia papaveris (entomology), II. 459, 1 b. 
 Osmic acid, XII. 720, 1 c, 2 b. 
 
 Osmiridium, alloy, XII. 720, 1 c. 
 
 Osmites, osmic salts, XII. 720, 2 b. 
 
 Osmium, metal, XII. 720. 
 
 Osmogenes, in sugar refining, VI. 72, 2 c. 
 Osmose', osmotic force, osmotic diffusion, in plant 
 circulation, XIII. 583, lb; I. 194, 1 ab, 2 a. 
 See Endosmose. 
 
 Osmunda, genus of ferns, XII. 720 . O. regalis, 
 
 OSTRICH 507 
 
 2 c (ill., 721). O. Claytoniana, 721, 1 b. O. 
 cinnamomea, ib. 
 
 Osmunda'cece (botany), XII. 720, 2 c. 
 Os'nabruck, XII. 721. Bishopric of, 1 c; 
 
 XVI. 789, 2 c. 
 
 Osnaburg: see Osnabruck. 
 
 Osorio, Hieronymo, Portuguese author, XII. 
 721. 
 
 Osortasen, name of Egyptian kings, VI. 460, 
 
 1 c. Obelisk of Osortasen I., VIII. 619, 2 b. 
 Osprey: see Fish Hawk, VII. 241, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Referred to, VI. 349, 2 ab. 
 
 Ossa, Mt. : see Pelion. 
 
 Ossa innominata (anatomy), XIII. 240, 2 c 
 (ills., 241). 
 
 Ossawattomie Brown, III. 399, 1 ab. See Osa- 
 watomie (Index). 
 
 Ossetes [os'-se-teez], Iranic race, IX. 347, 1 c. 
 Ossian, Celtic bard, XII. 721; X. 805, 2 c, 
 806, 1 c. 
 
 Ossification oftheheart , 1.495,1c; VIII.562,2b. 
 Ossifrage, bird, VI. 349, 2 ab. 
 
 Ossipee, county seat, IV. 29, 1 a. 
 
 Os'soli, Margaret Fuller, marchioness, Ameri¬ 
 can authoress, XII. 722; XVI. 200, 1 b. 
 Ossory, Thomas Butler, earl of, soldier, XII. 723. 
 Ossuna : see Osuna. 
 
 Ostade, Adrian van [os'-ta-deh], Dutch paint¬ 
 er, XII. 723. Isaac van, 2 a. 
 
 Ostend, town of Belgium, XII. 723. Ostend 
 manifesto, 2 c; III. 381, 2 ab. 
 
 Osteol'epis: see Ganoids, VII. 615,1 ab (ill.). 
 Osteology: see Anatomy, Bone, and Skele¬ 
 ton. 
 
 Osteo-Myeli'tis, disease, XII. 724. 
 
 Ostera, Teutonic goddess of spring, VI. 373, 2 b. 
 Osterley park, England, III. 250, 2 c. 
 Ostermann (Heinrich Johann Friedrich, or An¬ 
 drei, count, 1686-1747; banished to Siberia 
 1742), Russian statesman, I. 528, 2 b. 
 Osterwald, Jean Frederic [Fr. us-tair-vald], 
 Swiss clergyman, XII. 724. 
 
 Ostia, city of Latium, XII. 724. 
 
 Ostiaks : see Finns, VII. 207, 1 b. 
 
 Ostracion (ichthyology) : see Trunk Fisn, 
 XVI. 16, 2 a. O. Yalei, 2 be (ill.). 
 Ostracism, XII. 724; II. 245, 2 a; 55, 2 be; 
 V. 203, 1 c. 
 
 Ostracoids, crustaceans, VI. 663, 2 a. 
 
 Ostre'a (mgllusca), XII. 771, 2 b. O. parasi¬ 
 tica and polymorpha, 772, 2 a. O. edulis, 
 
 2 ab. O. Virginiana, 2 c. O. borealis, 773,1 a. 
 Ostrich, XII. 724. African, 1 c (ill.). Ameri¬ 
 can, 725, 2 be (ill.). Ostrich rearing, 2 a. 
 
568 
 
 OSTRICH 
 
 OUEN 
 
 Ostrich Fern, XII. 726 (ill.). 
 
 Ostrich fowl , IV. 783, 1 ab. 
 
 Ostrogoths: see Goths, VIII. 126, 1 ab. 
 Ostrolenka, town of Poland, XII. 726. 
 Os'trya (botany), VIII. 820, 1 a. O. vulgaris, 
 
 1 ab. O. Virginica (ill.), 819, 1 c. 
 
 Osuna, Pedro Tellez y Giron, duke of [o-soo'- 
 
 na], viceroy of Naples, XII. 726. 
 
 Oswal tribe, India, IX. 507, 2 c. 
 
 Oswald, Saint, king of Northumbria, XII. 726. 
 Oswe'go, county, XII. 726. 
 
 Oswego, city of New York, XII. 727. 
 
 Osicego , county seats, IX. 788, 1 c; X. 69, 1 b. 
 Osicego river , XII. 354, 1 b; 727, 1 ab, 2 c. 
 Otaiieite : see Society Islands. 
 Otariajubata( zoology), XIY. 734,1 a (ill., 733). 
 Otari’adce (zoology), XIY. 733, 2 b. 
 
 Otary, seal, XIY. 733, 2 be. 
 
 Otfried [ut'-freed], German poet, XII. 728. 
 Othman, founder of the Ottoman empire, XII. 
 728. 
 
 Othman ibn Affan, caliph, XII. 728. 
 
 Otho, Marcus Salvius, Roman emperor,XII. 729. 
 Otiio I., the Great, German emperor, XII. 
 729; IX. 647, 1 c. 
 
 Otho II., German emperor, XII. 729. 
 
 Otho III., German emperor, XII. 730. 
 
 Otho IY., German emperor, XII. 730. 
 
 Otho I. (Otto Friedrich Ludwig), king of 
 Greece, XII. 730; II. 58, 2 b. 
 
 Othomis : see Otomis. 
 
 Otis (ornithology), III. 485,1 c. O. tarda, 2 a 
 (ill.). O. tetrax, 2 c (ill., 486). O. nigriceps, 
 486,1 b. O. casrulescens, 2 a. O. Denhami, 
 ib. O. Australasiana, 2 ab (ilk). 
 
 Otis, Harrison Gray, American statesman, XII. 
 730; VII. 629, 2 ab. 
 
 Otis, James, revolutionary patriot and orator, 
 XII. 731. 
 
 Otoco'ris (ornithology), X. 172, 2 b. 
 
 Otoe, county, XII. 731. 
 
 Otoes, Indian tribe, XII. 732. 
 
 Otolic'nus (zoology), X. 339, 1 c. O. galago, 
 
 2 a. O. (microcebus) pusillus, ib. 
 
 Otoli'thus (ichthyology), XYI. 521, 1 ab. O. 
 
 regalis, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Otomis [o-to-mees'], Indian tribe, XII. 732. 
 O'toplasty , surgical operation, II. 156, 2 b. 
 Otranto, Italian seaport, XII. 732. 
 
 Otranto, Duke of : see Fouche. 
 
 Otse'go, two counties, XII. 732. Lake, 2 a. 
 Ot'tawa, three counties, XII. 732. 
 
 Ottawa, county of Canada, XII. 733. 
 
 Ottawa, city of Illinois, XII. 733. 
 
 Ottawa, capital of Canada, XII. 733. Parlia¬ 
 ment house, 734, 1 a (ill., 733). 
 
 Ottawa, river of Canada, XII. 734. 
 
 Ottawa , county seats, VII. 435, 1 a; XIY. 
 100, 1 a. 
 
 Ottawas, Indian tribe, XII. 734. 
 
 Ottendorfer, Oswald, American journalist, 
 XII. 735. 
 
 Otter, animal, XII. 735. American, 2 c (ill.). 
 Loutra of South America, 736, 1 b. Euro¬ 
 pean, 1 be. Others, 1 c. Sea otter, 2 a (ill.). 
 Fur of, VII. 538, 1 c. 
 
 Otter , Peaks of, Virginia, XYI. 373, 2 b. 
 
 Otterbein, Philip William [ot'-ter-bine], found¬ 
 er of a religious sect, XII. 736. 
 
 Otterbein university, XII. 601,1 ab (table), c. 
 
 Otter Tail, county, XII. 737. 
 
 Otter Tail City , county seat, XII. 737, 1 b. 
 
 Ottinger, Capt., X. 423, 1 a. His marine life 
 car, 422, 2 a. 
 
 Otto, Friedrich Julius, chemist, XII. 737. 
 
 Ottoboni, Marco (Pope Alexander VIII.), I. 
 280, 2 b. 
 
 Ottocar II., king of Bohemia, XII. 737. 
 
 Ottoes: see Otoes. 
 
 Ottokee, county seat, VII. 524, 2 c. 
 
 Ottoman Empire : see Turkey. 
 
 Ottoman Porte , origin of the name, XII. 728, 
 2 a. See Sublime Porte. 
 
 Otto of Roses : see Attar of Roses. 
 
 Ot'tumwa, city of Iowa, XII. 737. 
 
 Otus (ornithology), XII. 753, 2 c. O. Wilso- 
 nianus, ib. (ill., 754). O. vulgaris, 1 b. 
 
 Otus and Ephialtes : see Aloid^e. 
 
 Otway, Thomas, English poet, XII. 737. 
 
 Ouachita [wash-e-taw'J, two counties, XII. 738. 
 
 Ouachita , river: see Washita. 
 
 Oubliette [oo-ble-St'J: see Torture, XY. 815,1 c. 
 
 Oude [owd], province of British India, XII. 
 738. Physical features, 1 c. Climate, 2 ab. 
 Productions, 2 b. Industries, 739,1 a. Peo¬ 
 ple, 1 b. Land tax, 1 c. Revenue, 2 ab. 
 Education, ib. History, 2 c. Spoliation of 
 the begums, 740, 1 be. Sepoy mutiny, 741, 
 1 a.—Former capital, 1 b. 
 
 Oudenarde [ow'-d&h-nar-deh], town of Bel¬ 
 gium, XII. 741. 
 
 Oudh: see Oude. 
 
 Oudinot, Nicolas Charles, duke of Reggio [oo- 
 de-no], French soldier, XII. 741. Nicolas 
 Charles Victor, soldier, 2 b. 
 
 Oudney, Dr., explorer: see Clapperton. 
 
 Ouen , Saint [sa ne twa ne ], (Audoenus, 609-’83, 
 chancellor of Dagobert I., afterward arch- 
 
OUESSANT 
 
 OWENSON 
 
 569 
 
 bishop of Rouen), church of (over his tomb), 
 XIV. 449, 1 a. 
 
 Ouessant [wa-sa ng ]: see Ushant. 
 
 Oughtred [ot'-red], (Rev. William, 1573-1660), 
 English mathematician, I. 302, 1 b. 
 
 Ouida [oo-e'-da], pseudonyme, Y. 768, 1 a. 
 Ouistiti [wees-te'-te]: see Marmoset, XI. 181, 
 1 c; Monkey, 753, 2 a. 
 
 Ounce, animal, XII. 741 (ill.). 
 
 Ourebi [ow'-ra-be], antelope, I. 545, 2 a. 
 Ourique [o-re'-ka], battle of, I. 297, 1 c. 
 
 Our Lady , X. 828, 2 b (Madonna) ; 90, 1 c. 
 Our Lady of Bethlehem, church of, at Belem, 
 Portugal, II. 483, 2 c. 
 
 Our Lady of Mercy, the Yirgin Mary, X. 90, 
 
 1 c. Order of: see Mercy, Sisters of. 
 
 Ouro Preto [o'-roo pra'-too], city of Brazil, 
 
 XII. 742. 
 
 Ouseley, Gideon [ooz'-le], Irish clergyman, 
 XII. 742. 
 
 Ouseley, Sir William, English orientalist, XII. 
 
 742. Sir William Gore, diplomatist, 2 b. 
 Outag'amie, county, XII. 742. 
 
 Outagamies i see Foxes, VII. 362, 1 c. 
 
 Outer Rhodes, Swiss half-canton, I. 597, 1 b. 
 Outer Water, of Canton river estuary, II. 767,2 a. 
 Outlawry, XII.742. Women “waived,” 743,1 a. 
 Outram, Sir James [oot'-ram], British soldier, 
 XII. 743; VIII. 522, 1 c. 
 
 Outriggers, false, in racing boats, XIV. 455, 
 
 2 ab. 
 
 Ouvrard, Gabriel Julien [oo-vrar], French 
 financier, XII. 743. 
 
 Ouzel [oo'-zel], bird, XII. 744. American wa¬ 
 ter ouzel, 2 a. European ouzel, ib. (ill.). 
 Other birds so called, 745, 1 b. 
 
 Ova: see Embryology, VI. 561, 1 a. 
 
 Ovagim, victim of Turkish intolerance, 1.726,2 a. 
 Ovarian dropsy, XII. 569, 1 b. 
 
 Ovaries, XII. 568, 2 be. See Embryology, 
 VI. 561, 1 b, ff. 
 
 Ovary , in plants, XIII. 585, 2 a; 587, 2 b; 
 
 588, 1 b. Inferior ovary, 1 c. 
 
 Ovation, Roman, XV. 876, 1 b. 
 
 Oven Bird, XII. 745. Red, 1 b (ill.). Golden- 
 crowned thrush, 2 a. See Yellow-throat. 
 Ovens, enchanted: see Eye Stone, VII. 48, 2 be. 
 Ovens, hot-blast, of a furnace, IX. 394, 1 a. 
 Overbeck, Friedrich, German painter, XII. 
 
 745. Johannes Adolf, archaeologist, 746,1 a. 
 Overbury, Sir Thomas, English author, XII. 
 
 746. Victim of conspiracy, 1 be. 
 
 Overhand stoping , in mining, XI. 573, 1 a. 
 Overijssel : see Overyssel. 
 
 Overlook mountain, in the Catskills, IV. 126, 
 
 1 b; hotel, 1 a. 
 
 Overskou, Thomas, Danish dramatist, XII. 746. 
 Overslaugh [o'-ver-slaw], in the Hudson, IX. 
 
 30, 2 a; I. 245, 2 c. 
 
 Overton, county, XII. 746. 
 
 Overton, Judge, IX. 486, 2 a, b (Jackson). 
 Over-tones, in music, I. 70, 2 c. 
 
 Overture, musical, XII. 746. 
 
 O'verweg, Adolf [Ger. o'-fer-ve c h], German 
 traveller, XII. 746 ; II. 344, 2 a, be, 345,1 a. 
 Overyssel [o'-ver-i-sel], province of the Neth¬ 
 erlands, XII. 747. 
 
 Ovibos moschatus (zoology), XII. 101, 1 c (ill.). 
 Ov'id, county seat, XIV. 765, 1 c. 
 
 Ovid (Publius Ovidius Naso), Roman poet, 
 
 XII. 747; X. 195, 2 a. 
 
 Oviedo [o-ve-a/-£/io], city of Spain, XII. 748. 
 Oviedo y Valdes, Gonzalo Fernandez de, 
 Spanish chronicler, XII. 748. 
 
 Ovis (zoology), XIV. 835, 2 c. O. musimon, 
 836, 2 ab. O. Ammon, 2 c (ill., 837). O. 
 tragelaphus, 837, 1 b. O. montana, 1 c (ill.). 
 O. aries, 2 ab. O. steatopyga, 2 c. O. His- 
 panica, ib. (ill., 838). O. dolichura, 1 c. 
 O'volo, in architecture, I. 656, 1 c. 
 
 Ov'ule, in anatomy, XII. 568, 2 c. In plants, 
 
 XIII. 574, 2 a; 585, 2 a; 587, 2 be. 
 Owatonnci, county seat, XV. 368, 1 c. 
 
 Owego [o-we'-go], town and village of New 
 
 York, XII. 748. 
 
 Owen, two counties, XII. 748. 
 
 Owen, John, English divine, XII. 749. 
 
 Owen, Richard, British anatomist, XII. 749. 
 Vertebral theory, V. 186, 1 be. On mol- 
 lusca, XI. 50, 2 a, 51, 2 b. Vertebral theory 
 of, XIII. 424, 2 a, 425, 1 c, ff., 427, 2 c, 428, 
 
 2 a. On the spinal cord of fishes, V. 176, 
 2 c. Classification of reptiles, VIII. 694, 
 2 be; of fishes, IX. 161, 2 ab ; of mammals, 
 XI. 81, 2 a, c; of birds, XII. 708, 2 a. 
 Theory of evolution, VII. 11, 2 b. The 
 dinornis, VI. 115, 2 c. 
 
 Owen, Robert, reformer, XII. 750; XV. 142, 
 1 b. Robert Dale, American author, 2 be 
 (died 1877). David Dale, geologist, 751, 1 be. 
 Owen, William, English painter, XII. 751. 
 
 Owen . William: see Pughe, William Owen, 
 
 XIV. 72, 2 c. Aneurin Owen, 73, 1 a. 
 Owenborough, county seat, V. 708, 2 c. 
 
 Owen Meredith , pseudonyme, III. 435, 1 ab. 
 Owen's lake and river , California, IX. 326, 1 o. 
 
 (Lake salt, with no outlet.) 
 
 Owenson: see Morgan, Sydney. 
 
570 
 
 OWEN SOUND 
 
 OZANAM 
 
 Owen Sound, town of Canada, XII. 751. 
 Owenton , county seat, XII. 748, 2 c. 
 
 Owhyhee (Hawaii), VIII. 525, 2 be. 
 
 Owingsville , county seat, II. 387, 2 b. 
 
 Owl, XIT. 751. Barn owls, 752, 1 be (ill., 
 American barn owl). Horned owls, 2 c 
 (ills., American great horned owl, screech 
 owl, and long-eared owl). Gray owls, 754, 
 
 1 c (ill., barred owl). Bird owls, 755, 1 be 
 (ill., American burrowing owl). Day owls, 
 
 2 c (ills., snowy owl and hawk owl). 
 Owlespiegle: see Fairies, VII. 65, 1 c. 
 
 Owl Parrot, XII. 756 (ill.). 
 
 Owosso, city of Michigan, XII. 756. 
 
 Owsley, county, XII. 757. 
 
 Owy'hee, county, XII. 757. 
 
 Owyhee river , Oregon, XII. 679, 1 ab. 
 
 Ox, bovine animal, XII. 757. Skull of (ill.). 
 Age of, I. 182, 2 a. 
 
 Oxal'ic Acid, XII. 757. Artificial production 
 of, Sclilesinger’s method, 2 c: see Berg¬ 
 man, II. 558, 1 c. Poisoning by, XII. 758, 
 
 1 b. Uses of, 1 be. 
 
 Ox'alis (botany), XII. 758. O. stricta, 2 c. O. 
 acetosella, ib. (ill.); 759, 1 b. O. violacea, 
 759, 1 a. O. versicolor, 1 ab. O. Bowiei, 
 &c., 1 b. O. crenata, 1 be. O. Deppei, 1 c. 
 Oxenden, Ashton, English bishop, XII. 759. 
 Oxenford, John, English author, XII. 759. 
 (Died 1877.) 
 
 Oxenstiern, Axel, count [ox'-en-stern], Swe¬ 
 dish statesman, XII. 759; IV. 548,1 ab, 2 ab; 
 549, 1 ab, 2 a. 
 
 Oxcnstjerna [ox'-en-shair-na]: see Oxenstiern. 
 Oxeye, plant, XII. 760. Sea oxeye, 1 b. Ox- 
 eye daisy, ib. ; V. 638, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Oxeye: see Titmouse, XV. 775, 1 a. 
 
 Oxford, county of Maine, XII. 760. 
 
 Oxford, county of Canada, XII. 760. 
 
 Oxford , county seats, II. 542, 1 a; VIII. 161, 
 
 2 b ; X. 93, 1 b. 
 
 Oxford, city of England, XII. 760. 
 
 Oxford, Earl of: see Harley, Kobert. 
 Oxford, University of, XII. 760. History, 
 1 c. Constitution of, 762, 1 a. Congrega¬ 
 tion of the, 1 c. University buildings, 763, 
 1 c. Colleges and halls, 2 c, 765, 2 a, b; 
 V. 58, 1 be. Christ Church college, XII. 
 764, 2 b (ill.); 765, 1 c, 2 a. Oriel college, 
 
 764, 2 c (ill., 765). Corpus Cliristi college, 
 
 765, 1 b (ill.). Degrees and examinations, 
 
 766, 1 ab. Revenue and expenditure, 2 b. 
 Oxfordshire, county of England, XII. 767. 
 
 Ox Gall, bile of the ox, XII. 767. 
 
 Oxide of calcium [ox'-id]: see Lime. 
 
 Oxides, XII. 767; 475, 1 c. 
 
 Oxidized muriatic acid , so called, IV. 501, 2 a. 
 
 Oxion: see Salts, XIV. 583, 1 a. 
 
 Oxlee, John, English clergyman, XII. 768. 
 
 Oxlip : see Primrose, XIII. 837, 2 a. 
 
 Oxpecker, bird, XII. 768 (ill.). 
 
 Oxus, river of western Asia, XII. 768. 
 
 Oxychlorides , &c.: see Salts, XIV. 584, 2 a. 
 
 Oxydendrum (botany), XV. 855, 1 c. O. 
 arboreum, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Oxygen, XII. 769. Discovery of, and names 
 first given it, 1 ab. Present name, l.b; I. 
 66, 1 b; XIV. 582, 2 a. Preparation of, 
 XII. 769, 1 b (ills.); in large quantities, 1 c, 
 XI. 104, 1 b. Properties, XII. 770, 1 ab ; 
 combustion, 1 c. Compounds of, 2 ab; 
 475, 1 b. Oxyhydrogen blowpipe, 770, 
 2 be. Affinities, 2 c. Animal respiration, 
 771, 1 a. Action of gunpowder, 1 b. Oxi¬ 
 dation in the arts, 1 be. Proportion of oxy¬ 
 gen in nature, 769, la; II. 83, 2 c. 
 
 Oxygenated water: see Hydrogen, IX. 112, 1 a. 
 
 Oxygen ratio, in mineralogy, XI. 583, 2 a. 
 
 Oxy-hcemoglobine , XII. 771, 1 a. 
 
 Oxyhydrogen blowpipe, II. 749, 1 a; XII. 770, 
 2 b. Heat generated by it, VIII. 568, 2 a. 
 
 Oxyrhinapunctata { ichthyology), XIV. 828,2 ab. 
 
 Oxyrynchus, monasteries of, XI. 728, 2 c. 
 
 Oxysulphion: see Salts, XIV. 583, 1 a ; Gal¬ 
 vanism, VII. 590, 2 b. 
 
 Oxytrichi'na, class of animalcules, I. 515, 1 c. 
 
 Oxyu'ris vermicula'ris (entozoa), VI. 669, 1 a 
 (ill.); Xllf. 533, 2 b. 
 
 Oy or 0\ Irish prefix, XII. 128, 1 b. 
 
 Oyer, in law, XII. 771. 
 
 Oyer and Terminer, XII. 771. 
 
 “ Oyer of poisoning, grand:” see James I., 
 IX. 517, 1 be, and Overbury, Sir Thomas. 
 
 Oyster, XII. 771. At different stages of 
 growth (ill.), 772. Culture, VII. 217, 2 b. 
 
 Oyster Catcher, bird, XII. 773. American, 
 2 b (ill.). Pied oyster catcher, 774, 1 a. 
 
 Oyster fish: see Toad Fish. 
 
 Oyster Green, seaweed, XII. 774. 
 
 Oyster Plant, XII. 774 (ill.). Black, 2 b 
 (ill.). Spanish, 2 c. 
 
 Oyster shells, prepared, medicinal use of, X. 
 480, 1 b. 
 
 Oysterville, county seat, XII. 780, 2 b. 
 
 Ozaka [o-za'-ka], city of Japan, XII. 774. 
 Castle of, 775, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Ozanam, Antoine Frederic [o-za-na ng ], French 
 author, XII. 775. 
 
OZARK 
 
 PiEONY 
 
 5Y1 
 
 Ozark', county, XIT. 775. 
 
 Ozark , county seat, YIT. 434, 1 a. 
 
 Ozark Mountains, XII. 775. 
 
 Ozau'kee, county, XII. 775. 
 
 Ozaukee, county seat, XII. 77G, 1 a. 
 
 Ozoce'rite , ozokerite , fossil wax, XYI. 516,1 be; 
 XIII. 62, 1 c. 
 
 Ozolian Lociiians : see Locris. 
 
 O'zone, a condition of oxygen, XII. 776. Dis¬ 
 covery of, 1 a. Preparation of, 1 be (ills.). 
 Properties, 777, 1 ab. Presence in the at¬ 
 mosphere, 2 b. Influence of forests, and 
 atmospheric changes, 2 c. Its absence in¬ 
 dicative of adulteration of the air, ib. 
 
 P 
 
 P, a letter, XII. 778. Sounds, 1 ab. In ab¬ 
 breviations, 1 b. In numismatics, 1 be. As 
 a numeral sign, ib. 
 
 Paalzow, Ilenriette von [pal'-tso], German 
 novelist, XII. 778. 
 
 Paca [pa'-ka], animal, XII. 778 (ill.). 
 
 Paca, William, a signer of the Declaration of 
 Independence, XII. 779. 
 
 Paccard, Alexis [pak-kar], French architect, 
 XII. 779. 
 
 Pacchioni, Antonio [pak-kyo'-ne], Italian ana¬ 
 tomist, XII. 779. Glandulse Pacchioni, 1 c; 
 III. 188, 2 be. 
 
 Pacchionian glands: see Pacchioni (Index). 
 
 Pace eggs: see Easter, YI. 374, 2 ab. 
 
 Pacha [pa-sha'j: see Pasha. 
 
 Paciiacamac', Ruins of, XII. 779. Peruvian 
 deity, 2 ab ; XIII. 342, 1 a. Temple of, ib .; 
 XII. 779, 2 ab; I. 399, 1 b. 
 
 Pacheco, Francisco [pa-cha'-ko], Spanish 
 painter, XII. 779. 
 
 Pachomius, Saint [-ko'-], XII. 779; XI. 728, 2 b. 
 
 Pachydermata [pak-e-der'-ma-ta], group of 
 mammals, XII. 780. 
 
 Pacific, county, XII. 780. 
 
 Pacific Ocean, XII. 780. Configuration, 2 c. 
 Depth, 781, 1 a. Currents, 1 be. Winds, 
 2 b. Tides, 782, 1 a. Islands, 1 ab; in¬ 
 habitants, 1 c (see Malayo-Polynesian 
 Races); points of resemblance to South 
 American races, XYI. 41, 1 be. Fauna, 
 XII. 782, 2 ab. 
 
 Pacific railroads , XIY. 174, 2 a (profile). 
 
 Pacification , edict of, in France (1562), X. 
 393, 2 c. 
 
 Pacification of Ghent (1576), IX. 653, 1 b. 
 
 Pacifico, affair of: see Greece, YIII. 203,1 be. 
 
 Pacini, Giovanni [pa-che'-ne], Italian com¬ 
 poser, XII. 783. 
 
 Paciolus de Burgo, Lucas, mathematician, I. 
 301, 1 be (Algebra). 
 
 Pack, of ice, IX. 149, 1 a; XIII. 65, 2 c. 
 
 Packard, Alpheus Spring, jr., American natu¬ 
 ralist, XII. 783. 
 
 Packer collegiate institute, III. 325, 1 c. 
 Packfong (German silver), XYI. 817, 1 be; 
 XII. 432, 2 a. 
 
 Packing, in mining, XI. 572, 2 c. 
 
 Paco: see Llama, X. 553, 1 a. 
 
 Paoto'lus, river, XII. 783. See Midas. 
 Pactum Calixtinum, concordat of Worms, III. 
 618, 2 b. 
 
 Pacuvius, Marcus, Roman dramatist, XII. 
 783 ; X. 193, 2 a. 
 
 Padang': see Sumatra, XY. 464, 1 be, 2 b; 
 
 465, 1 b; 466, 1 a, ab. 
 
 Padda, bird, VII. 190, 2 a. 
 
 Padding style, of calico printing, III. 597, 1 ab. 
 Paderborn, town of Prussia, XII. 783. 
 
 Paddle fish, XY. 432, 2 a. 
 
 Paddock, toad, XY. 777, 2 c. 
 
 Paddy: see Rice, XIV. 309, 1 b. 
 
 Padilla, Juan Lopez de [pa-^e'-lya], Spanish 
 patriot, XII. 783. Maria Pacheco, his wife, 
 784, 1 c. 
 
 Padilla, Maria de, mistress of Pedro the Cruel, 
 II. 694, 1 a; XIII. 223, 2 be. 
 
 Padishah [pa-de-sha'], sovereign title, XYI. 
 59, 1 a. 
 
 Padova [pa'-do-va] : see Padua. 
 
 Pad'ua, province of Italy, XII. 784. Capital 
 city, 2 a. Municipal palace, 2 c (ill.). Uni¬ 
 versity, 785, 1 ab. History, 1 b. 
 
 Padu'cah, city of Kentucky, XII. 785. 
 
 Padus : see Po. 
 
 Pcedogen'esis, a kind of reproduction, XIII. 
 132, 2 c. 
 
 P^eo'nia : see Macedonia, X. 782, 1 b, c. 
 Pceonia (botany), XII. 785, 2 b. P. officinalis, 
 2 c (ill., 786). P. tenuifolia, 786, 1 b (ilk). 
 P. albiflora, 2 a. P. moutan, 2 be (ill.). 
 P. Brownii or Californica, 787, 2 a. 
 
 P^e'ony, plant, XII. 785. Common, 2 c (ill., 
 786). Slender-leaved, 786, 1 b (ill.). Chi- 
 
572 
 
 PAER 
 
 PALEONTOLOGY 
 
 nese, 2 a. Tree pieony, 2 c (ill.). Culture, 
 787, 1 a. 
 
 Paer, Ferdinando [pa-air'], Italian composer, 
 XII. 787. 
 
 Pcestan roses [pes'-tan], XII. 788, 1 a. 
 
 Pestum, ancient city of Italy, XII. 787. Ruined 
 temples at, 2 b (ill.); material of, III. 568, 1 b. 
 
 Pcetus , Ccecina: see Akria, I. 767, 1 a. 
 
 Paez, Francisco [pa-aith'], Spanish missionary, 
 XII. 788. 
 
 Paez, Jose Antonio, Venezuelan soldier and 
 statesman, XII. 788; III. 9, 2 c. Ramon, 
 author, XII. 788, 2 c. 
 
 Paganelli, Bernardo (Pope Eugenius III.), VI. 
 773, 1 b. 
 
 Paga'ni: see Paganism, XII. 789, 2 a. 
 
 Paganini, Nicolo [pa-ga-ne'-ne], Italian mu¬ 
 sician, XII. 788. 
 
 Paganism, heathenism, XII. 789. 
 
 Page, two counties, XII. 789. 
 
 Page , Prof. Charles G. (Charles Grafton, M. D., 
 1812-68, patent examiner in Washington), 
 discovery in electro-magnetism, VI. 515, 2 b. 
 His electro-magnetic engine, 516, 2 c; mag¬ 
 neto-electric apparatus, XL 13, 2 c; discovers 
 principle the telephone, XV. 622,* 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 Page, William, American painter, XII. 789. 
 
 Paget, Sir James [paj'-et], English surgeon, 
 XII. 790. His theory of inflammation, IX. 
 276, 2 c. 
 
 Pago'da, a kind of temple, XII. 790. 
 
 Pagoph'ila eburne'a (ornithology), VIII. 319,2 c. 
 
 Pagrus (ichthyology), XIV. 723, 2 a. P. ar- 
 gyrops, 2 be (ill.). P. vulgaris, 2 c. 
 
 Pahlavi: see Pehlevi (Index). 
 
 Pahlen, Peter Louis, count [pa'-len], Russian 
 conspirator, XII. 790; I. 281, 1 a. Assassi¬ 
 nation of Paul I., XIII. 172, 2 b; II. 531, 
 2 c.—Peter, XII. 790, 2 b. Frederick, 2 be. 
 
 Pailleron, Edouard [pa-yhh-ro ng ], French 
 dramatist, XII. 790. 
 
 Paillettes [Fr. pa-y&t]:. see Wire, XVI. 677, 2 c. 
 
 Paine, Martyn, American physician, XII. 790. 
 (Died 1878.) Robert Troup, 791, 1 be. 
 
 Paine, Robert Treat, statesman, XII. 791. 
 Robert Treat, jr., author, 1 c. 
 
 Paine, Thomas, political writer, XII. 791. 
 
 Painesville, village of Ohio, XII. 793. 
 
 Painted pig, animal, XVI. 466, 1 b. 
 
 Painted Pocks, the , on French Broad river, 
 VII. 480, 2 c. 
 
 Painter , fetid odor so called, XIII. 337, 2 c. 
 
 Painter (panther), V. 422, 1 c. 
 
 Painter of graces , the, so styled, III. 147, 1 a. 
 
 Painter’s Colic : see Colic, and Lead, X. 
 246, 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 Painting, XII. 793. In Egypt, 2 b. In Greece, 
 
 794, 1 b ; extant Greek paintings, 795, 1 be. 
 In Etruria, 1 c. In Rome, ib. ; earliest Ro¬ 
 man, VII. 51, 2 c. Early Christian, XII. 
 
 795, 2 b: see Mosaics, and Miniaturb 
 Painting. Byzantine school, 796, 1 c. Re¬ 
 vival of in Italy, 2 a. Schools of, 2 c. Tus¬ 
 can, ib. ; Venetian, 798, 2 b; Paduan, 799, 
 
 1 b ; Umbrian, ib. ; Roman, 1 c ; Bolognese, 
 
 2 c; of Parma, 800, 1 a; of Milan, ib. ; of 
 Naples, 1 b. See Fresco Painting, VII. 
 483, 2 ab. In Germany, XII. 800,1 be ; the 
 Netherlands, 2 b; Spain, 801, 2 b; France, 
 802, 1 a; England, 2 c; America, 803, 2 b. 
 
 Paint Pock , on Tennessee river, I. 229, 2 a. 
 Paints, coloring substances, XII. 804. Harden¬ 
 ing of paint, 771, 1 b. 
 
 Paintville, county seat, IX. 656, 2 b. 
 Paisiello, Giovanni [pl-ze-el'-lo], Italian com¬ 
 poser, XII. 805. 
 
 Paisley [paiz'-le], town of Scotland, XII. 806. 
 Paix des dames, la [la pa da dam]: see Ladies' 
 peace (Index). 
 
 Paix fourree [pafoo-ra], so styled, XII. 698, 2 c. 
 Paixhans, Henri Joseph [pa-za ng ], French gen¬ 
 eral and inventor, XII. 806. Paixhans 
 gun, 1 c; I. 789, 1 b; III. 709, 2 a, b; XII. 
 185, 2 c. 
 
 Pajou, Augustin [pa-zhoo], sculptor, XII. 806. 
 Pakenham, Sir E. [pak'-nura], (Edward Mi¬ 
 chael, 1798-1815), English general, IX. 490, 
 1 b, 2 a, b. 
 
 Palacky, Frantisek [pa-lats'-ke], Bohemian 
 historian, XII. 806. (Died 1876.) 
 
 Palce'mon , in Grecian mythology, IX. 437, 2 be. 
 Palcemon (crustacea), XIII. 805, 1 be. P. 
 serratus, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Palcemonop'sis rulga’ris (crustacea), XV. 9, 1 a. 
 Palceobotany : see Geology, VII. 687, 1 a. 
 Paleol'ogus, Byzantine family, XII. 806. See 
 Constantine XIII., Palasologus. John Pa- 
 lasologus, emperor, III. 724, 1 a. John Pa- 
 lseologus, duke of Montferrat, I. 373, 1 b. 
 See Byzantine Empire, III. 517, 2 b. 
 Palceoniscus , fossil fish, VII. 615, 1 b (ill.). 
 Paleontology, science of fossils, XII. 806. 
 Early theories, 807, 1 a; progress in the 
 science, 2 be. Fossil remains, 808, 2 b; 
 number of types within a limited period, 
 809, 2 a; limited duration of species, 810, 
 1 a. Classification of the animal kingdom, 
 811, 1 c; of plants, 813, 2 a. Tabular ar- 
 
PAL^EOPOLIS 
 
 PALLADIO 
 
 573 
 
 rangement of the geological formations, with 
 characteristic remains, 814-’16. 
 
 Palmp'olis , oldest part of Naples, XII. 142,1 c. 
 Palceornis (ornithology), XIII. 123, 2 ab. P. 
 Alexandri, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Pal^othe'rium, fossil animal, XII. 816 (ill.). 
 Foot of, VIII. 739, 1 c (ill.). Footprints of, 
 VII. 341, 1 c. 
 
 Palceozo'ic age, fauna of the, VII. 697, 2 c. 
 Palaeozoic rocks, VII. 694, 1 a; 696, 1 b. 
 Palceozoology : see Geology, VII. 687, 1 a. 
 Palcetyrus (Old Tyre), XVI. 97, 2 b. 
 
 Palafox y Melzi, Jose [Sp. pa-la-fd k h' e mail'- 
 the], Spanish patriot, XII. 816. 
 
 Palais des thermes [pa-la da tairm], ruins of, 
 in Paris, XIII. 89, 1 c. 
 
 Palais Royal [rwa-yal], Paris, XIII. 83, 2 ab. 
 Palaka , native town in Liberia, X. 398, 2 b. 
 Palamede'a (ornithology), XIV. 711, 2 b. P. 
 cornuta, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Palamedei’nee (ornithology), XIV. 711, 2 b. 
 Palame'des, legendary Greek hero, XII. 817. 
 Palampoors , counterpanes, III. 594, 2 c. 
 Palate (anatomy), XII. 817 (ill.). 
 
 Palat'inate, the Upper and Lower, XII. 818. 
 Pal'atine, title, XII. 818. Count (or county) 
 palatine, 1 ab (Palatinate) ; V. 426, 2 ab; 
 VI. 353, 1 b. 
 
 Palatine academy or school, of Charlemagne, 
 IV. 291, 2 a; VI. 412, 2 a. 
 
 Palatine arches: see Palate, XII. 817, 1 c. 
 Palatine hill: see Rome, XIV. 409, 1 ab. 
 Palatine school: see Palatine academy (Index). 
 Palatines, the, emigrants, IX. 781, 2 c. 
 Palati'nus mons: see Palatine hill (Index). 
 Palatium Franconenford, VII. 431, 1 a. 
 Palatka, county seat, XIV. 99, 2 b. 
 Palatoplasty , surgical operation, II. 156, 2 be. 
 Pale, in heraldry, VIII. 672, 1 b. (See plate.) 
 Palembang', province of Sumatra, XII. 818. 
 Capital, 2 be. 
 
 Palen'cia [Sp. pa-lain'-the-a], province of 
 Spain, XII. 818. Capital city, 819, 1 a. 
 Palenque [pa-lain'-ka], Ruins of, XII. 819. 
 
 Pyramidal temple of, I. 398, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Paleo- Vuno : see Helicon, VIII. 618, 2 b. 
 Paler'mo [It. pa-lair'-mo], province of Sicily, 
 XII. 819. Capital city, 2 c. Cathedral of, 
 820, 2 b (ill.). Other churches, 2 c. Uni¬ 
 versity, 821, 1 c. History, 2 ab. 
 
 Pa'les, in Roman mythology, XII. 821. 
 Palestine, country of western Asia, XIII. 5. 
 (Map.) Topography, 1 c. Hydrography, 
 6, 2 a. Ruins, 7, 1 a. Climate and pro¬ 
 
 ductions, 1 ab. Fauna, 2 a. Present in¬ 
 habitants, 2 ab; early, 2 c. Names of Pal¬ 
 estine, ih. Origin of the name, 419, 2 b. 
 Ancient divisions, 8, 1 a. History, 1 c. 
 Explorations, 2 be. “ Palestine Exploration 
 Fund,” 2 c; IX. 618, 1 c. 
 
 Palestine , county seat, I. 472, 1 b. 
 
 Palestrina [pa-les-tre'-na], town of Italy, XIII. 
 9. See Pr^eneste. 
 
 Palestrina, Giovanni Pietro Aloisio da, Italian 
 composer, XIII. 9; XII. 89, 1 b. 
 
 Palets , in grasses, VIII. 166, 1 c. 
 
 Palettes, of the ship worm, XIV. 871, 1 a; of 
 a wheel, XVI. 593, 1 a. 
 
 Paley, William, English theologian, XIII. 9; 
 XI. 807, 1 be, 814, 1 ab. Frederick Ap- 
 thorp, author, XIII. 10, 1 b. 
 
 Palffy [pal'-fe], Hungarian family, XIII. 10. 
 
 Palffy, Albert, author, XIII. 10. 
 
 Palfrey, John Gorham [pawl'-fre], American 
 author, XIII. 10. Sarah Hammond, author¬ 
 ess, 2 c. 
 
 Palgrave, Sir Francis [pawl'-grave], English 
 author, XIII. 10. Francis Turner, poet, 11, 
 1 b. William Gifford, traveller, 1 c. 
 
 Palibothra, of ancient geographers, I. 323, 2 ab. 
 
 Palikao, Charles Guillaume Marie Apollinaire 
 Antoine Cousin-Montauban, count de [pa-le- 
 kow], French soldier, XIII. 11. 
 
 Pali Language [pa'-le]: see India, Races and 
 Languages of, IX. 216, 2 be. 
 
 Palilia, Roman festival, XII. 821, 2 c. 
 
 Pal'impsest, XIII. 11. See Manuscript, XI. 
 132, 2 ab. 
 
 Palinu'rum, promontory, XIII. 12. 
 
 Palinurns, legendary pilot, XIII. 12, 2 c. So- 
 called tomb of, ib. 
 
 Palinurus (ornithology), XIV. 462, 2 b. P. 
 perciformis, 2 be (ill.). 
 
 Palisades', of the Hudson, IX. 30,1 b; II. 556,1 a. 
 
 Palisot, Ambroise Marie Frangois Joseph 
 Beauvois de [pa-le-zo], French naturalist, 
 XIII. 12. 
 
 Palissy, Bernard [pa-lees-se], potter, XIII. 13 ; 
 782, 1 b. Discovery of the animal origin of 
 fossil impressions, V. 600, 1 a. First to re¬ 
 fer fossil remains of fishes to marine animals, 
 VII. 687, 2 c. 
 
 Palk Strait: see Ceylon. 
 
 Pall, or Palla : see Pallium. 
 
 Pall, in heraldry, VIII. 672, 2 b. (See plate.) 
 
 Palladic chloride, XIII. 14, 2 b; oxide, 2 c. 
 
 Palladio, Andrea [pal-la'-de-o], Italian archi¬ 
 tect, XIII. 13. Villa of, XVI. 340, 1 be. 
 
574 
 
 PALLADIOUS 
 
 PALO 
 
 Palladious chloride, XIII. 14, 2 b; iodide, 
 2 be; nitrate, 2 c; oxide, 2 be. 
 
 Palladium, in Greek legend, XIII. 13; XVI. 
 328, 2 ab. 
 
 Palladium, metal, XIII. 13; XI. 585, 2 b. 
 Compounds of, XIII. 14, 2 b. 
 
 Palladius, surnamed Sophista or Iatrosophis- 
 ta, Greek medical writer, XIII. 14. Ruti- 
 lius Taurus iEmilianus, Roman writer on 
 agriculture, 15, 1 a. Christian father, ib. 
 
 Pallantia , ancient city, XII. 819, 1 a. 
 
 Pallantids , descendants of Pallas, XV. 701,1 c. 
 
 Pallas : see Minerva. 
 
 Pallas , asteroid, II. 38, 2 b. 
 
 Pallas, Peter Simon, German naturalist, XIII. 
 15. Ilis classification of fishes, IX. 160,1 b. 
 
 Pallavicino, Ferrante [pal-la-ve-che'-no], Ital¬ 
 ian author, XIII. 15. 
 
 Pallavicino, Sforza, author, XIII. 15. 
 
 Pallet , in heraldry, VIII. 672, 1 b. 
 
 Pallet , of a clock or watch, IY. 696, 2 be. 
 
 Pallial impression, in sea shells, Y. 201, 2 c. 
 
 Palliasse , kind of mattress, XY. 413, 1 b. 
 
 Palliobranchiata (mollusca), XI. 725, 1 b; III. 
 177, 2 a. 
 
 Palliser , Mrs. Bury , on lace making, X. 77, 
 2 a; 80, 1 be. 
 
 Palliser, Sir William, inventor, XIII. 15. 
 His method of making a gun, I. 794, 1 a. 
 John, traveller, XIII. 15, 2 c. 
 
 Palliser chilled shot , I. 792, 2 b. 
 
 Pallium, or Palla, XIII. 16; I. 646, 1 c. 
 
 Pall Mall [pel-meF], London, X. 595, 1 b. 
 
 Palm [pain], XIII. 16. Stem, 2 b (ill.). Mode 
 of growth, 2 c : see Endogens. Flowers and 
 fruit, 17, 1 a (ill., 16). Distribution and 
 uses of palms, 1 b. Areca tribe, 1 c (ills., 
 fruit and nut of betel palm, A. lutescens, 
 and toddy palm). Calamus tribe, 18, 2 a 
 (ill., rattan palm). Borassus tribe, 19, 2 be 
 (ills., Palmyra and doum palms). Tribe co- 
 ryphinese, 20, 2 c (ill., hardy palm). Tribe 
 cocoinete, 21, 1 b (ills., coquita and piassata 
 palms). Cultivation of palms, 22, 2 a. Cus¬ 
 tom of carrying palm branches, 2 b; YIII. 
 776, 1 be. Age of palms, I. 184, 2 c. 
 
 Palm , of an anchor, I. 465, 1 a. 
 
 Palm, Johann Philipp [palm], German pub¬ 
 lisher, XIII. 23. 
 
 Palma [pal'-ma], capital of Majorca, XIII. 23. 
 
 Palma, Jacopo, the elder, Italian painter, XIII. 
 23. Jacopo, the younger, painter, 2 a. 
 
 Palma, San Miguelde la, Canary island, XIII. 23. 
 
 Palma Christi : see Castor Oil. 
 
 Palmaroli, Pietro, Italian painter, XIII. 23. 
 
 Palmas, Cape: see Cape Palmas. 
 
 Palmas, Ciudad Real de las [thu-£7nU/i/ ra-al' 
 da las pal'-mass], city, Canaries, XIII. 24. 
 
 Palmblad, Yilhelm Fredrik [palm'-blad], Swe¬ 
 dish author, XIII. 24. 
 
 Palmeet plant, XIII. 27, 1 b. 
 
 Palmella, Dom Pedro de Souza-IIolstein, 
 duke de, Portuguese statesman, XIII. 24. 
 
 Palmer [pa'-mer], pilgrim, XIII. 514, 1 c. 
 
 Palmer, Christian von [pal'-mer], German the¬ 
 ologian, XIII. 24. 
 
 Palmer, Edward Henry, English orientalist, 
 XIII. 24. 
 
 Palmer, Erastus Dow, American sculptor, 
 XIII. 24. 
 
 Palmer, John, English clergyman, XIII. 25. 
 
 Palmer, Ray, American clergyman and author, 
 XIII. 25. 
 
 Palmer, Roundell, Lord Selbourne, English 
 statesman, XIII. 25. William, clergyman, 2 b. 
 
 Palmerston, Henry John Temple, viscount, 
 statesman, XIII. 25. 
 
 Palme'ta, plant, XIII. 27, 1 b. 
 
 Palmetto, XIII. 26. Tall or cabbage palmetto, 
 2 a (ill.); saw, 27,1 a; dwarf, 1 b ; blue, 1 be. 
 
 Palm honey , XIII. 21, 1 c. 
 
 Palmitic acid , XIII. 27, 2 c. 
 
 Palmitine [pal'-me-tin], chemical compound, 
 III. 698, 2 a; XII. 605, 1 a; XIII. 27, 2 c; 
 XYI. 516, 1 b. 
 
 Palm-nut oil , XIII. 27, 2 a. 
 
 Palm Oil, XIII. 27. Oil palm, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Palm rat , Y. 240, 2 c. 
 
 Palm Sunday : see Holy Week, YIII. 776, 1 be. 
 
 Palm wine , XIII. 19, 2 b; IY. 791, 1 a. 
 
 Palm worm , XVI. 536, 1 be. 
 
 Palmy'ra, ancient city of Syria, XIII. 28 (view). 
 
 Palmyra , county seats, YII. 293, 2 a; XI. 169, 
 2 c. 
 
 Palmyra palm, XIII. 19, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Palmyrene character , XV. 547, 2 a. 
 
 Pa'lo Al'to, county, XIII. 29. 
 
 Palo Alto [pa'-lo 41'-to], Texas, battle of, 
 XIII. 29. 
 
 Palo de Campeche, log-wood, III. 666, 1 b. 
 
 Palolo Tagh : see Bolor Tagh. 
 
 Palomino de Castro y Yelasco, Acislo Anto¬ 
 nio [pa-lo-me'-no], Spanish painter, XIII. 29. 
 
 Palo Pinto, county, XIII. 29. 
 
 Palo Pinto , county seat, XIII. 29, 2 ab. 
 
 Palongs, race, II. 604, 2 c (Bhamo). 
 
 Palos [pa'-loce], town of Spain, XIII. 29. 
 
 Palo de vaca, cow tree, Y. 445, 2 a. 
 
PALPITATION 
 
 PANTIIEON 
 
 575 
 
 Palpitation : see Heart, Diseases of tlie, VIII. 
 565, 2 c. 
 
 Palsy : see Paralysis. Lead palsy, X. 247, 2 b. 
 Pa'lus Mao'tis: see Azov, Sea of. 
 
 Pamiers [pa-myair], town of France, XIII. 29. 
 Pamir [pa-meer'J, table land of Asia,XVI.66,1 c. 
 Pam'lioo, county, XIII. 29. 
 
 Pamlico River, North Carolina, XIII. 29. 
 Pamlico Sound, XIII. 29. 
 
 Pamor , a kind of iron, II. 643, 2 b. 
 
 Pampas, plains of South America, XIII. 29. 
 Pampas Grass, XIII. 30 (ill.). 
 
 Pampeluna : see Pamplona. 
 
 Pamphi'lus, Greek painter, XIII. 30. 
 Pamphilus, early Christian writer, XIII. 30. 
 Pamphylia, in ancient geography, XIII. 31. 
 Pamplona, city of Spain, XIII. 31. 
 
 Pan, in mythology, XIII. 31; 380, 2 c. Rep¬ 
 resentations of, VIII. 58, 1 a. 
 
 Pan } of a musket, XII. 97, 2 a. 
 
 Pan^e'nus, Greek painter, XIII. 31. 
 
 Panama [pan-a-ma'J, state and isthmus of Co¬ 
 lombia, XIII. 31. Railway, 32, 2 b. History, 
 33,1 a. Proposed interoceanic canal, 1 b.— 
 Capital city, 34, 1 a. Cathedral, ib. (ill., 33). 
 Panamay congress of, referred to, I. 103, 2 c. 
 Panama hats , manufacture of, XV. 413, 2 c. 
 Panatiien.e'a, Athenian festival, XIII. 34; 
 XI. 598, 1 a. 
 
 Panathena'ic stadium, in Athens, II. 61, 1 c. 
 Panax quinquefolium (botany), VII. 816, 1 a. 
 Panay [pa-nl'j: see Philippine Islands, XII. 
 417, 2 a. 
 
 Pancake Tuesday: see Shrove Tide, XV. 9,1 c. 
 Panchique [pan-che'-ka], unknown animal, V. 
 86, 2 be. 
 
 Panckoucke, Charles Joseph [pa ng -kook], 
 French editor, XIII. 34. Charles Louis 
 Fleury, editor, 2 b. 
 
 Pan'oreas (anatomy), XIII. 34 (ill., 35). 
 Pancreat'ic juice, XIII. 35, 1 c; I. 318, 2 b. • 
 Pancreatine [pan-kre'-a-tin], XIII. 36; 35,1 c. 
 Pancsova [pon'-cho-vaw], town of Hungary, 
 
 XIII. 36. 
 
 Panda, animal, XIII. 36 (ill.). 
 
 Pandana'cea (botany), XIII. 36, 2 c. 
 Panda'nus, genus of trees, XIII. 36. P. can¬ 
 delabrum, 2 c (ill., 37). P. utilis, 37, 1 a; 
 XI. 291, 2 c. Method of growth, VI. 594, 2 b. 
 Pandects : see Civil Law, IV. 623, 2 a. 
 Pandi'on (ornithology), VII. 241,1 a. P. Caro- 
 linensis, 1 c (ill.), &c. 
 
 Pandiyan palace, in Madura, X. 837, 2 be. 
 Pando'ra, in Greek legend, XIII. 37. 
 
 Pandours , Austrian light infantry, I. 747, 2 c. 
 Pane, of buhrstone, III. 419, 2 c. 
 
 Panel: see Jury, IX. 724,1 a. 
 
 Pangaum' : see Goa, New v 
 Pan'golin, animal, XIII. 37. Short-tailed, 2 b 
 (ill.); long-tailed, 2 c. 
 
 “Panhandle ,” XV. 670, 2 b (Texas); XVI. 
 
 572, 1 c (West Virginia). 
 
 Pani [pa-ne'J, enslaved Indian, XIII. 197, 2 b. 
 “Panic fear," origin of the expression, XIII. 
 31, 2 a. 
 
 Panicle, of a plant, XIII. 584, 2 ab. 
 
 Panicum (botany), XI. 556, 1 a. P. miliaceum, 
 ib. (ill., 555); VIII. 168, 2 b. P. Germani- 
 cum, ib. P. crus-galli, 169, 1 b. P. san- 
 guinale, ib. 
 
 Panier [Fr. p&-nya], in dress, VII. 92, 2 c. 
 Panin, Count [pa-nin'J, (Nikita, l7l8-’83, min¬ 
 ister of foreign affairs from 1763), Russian 
 conspirator, IV. Ill, 2 a. 
 
 Panini [pa-ne'-ne], Sanskrit grammarian, XIII. 
 38. 
 
 Panionium, temple in Ionia, IX. 329, 2 a. 
 Paniput', town of India, XIII. 38. 
 
 Panizzi, Sir Anthony [pa-neet'-se], librarian, 
 XIII. 38. 
 
 Panjab: see Punjaub. 
 
 Panjabi [pan-ja'-be], Punjaub language, IX. 
 
 216, 2 c; 218, 1 c. 
 
 Panjim : see Goa, New. 
 
 Pannel, in Scotch law, IX. 724, 1 a. 
 Pannic'ulus carno'sus (anatomy), VIII. 825, 2 b. 
 Panning, of gold, VIII. 82, 2 ab. 
 
 Pannonia, in ancient geography, XIII. 38. 
 
 Pannonia Savia, XV. 104, 2 c. 
 
 Panoche Grande [pa-no'-cha gran'-da], estate 
 in California, XI. 401, 2 a. 
 
 Pano'la, two counties, XIII. 38. 
 
 Panola, county seat, XIII. 38, 2 be. 
 
 Panolia (zoology), V. 757,1 c, 2 a. P. Eldii, ib. 
 P<m0^'c<m,BenthanTs,XIV. 6, 2 b; 11.536,1 a. 
 Panora, county seat, VIII. 342, 1 b. 
 
 Panormus : see Palermo, XII. 819, 2 c, 821, 2 a. 
 Panslavism, X. 39, 1 c; X V. 103, 2 b (Pan- 
 slavic movement). 
 
 Pansy: see Violet, XVI. 362, 2 b (ill.). 
 Pantagraph, for wood type, XVI. 93, 2 ab. 
 
 See Pantograph (Index). 
 
 Pantalo'ne, in Italian comedy, VIII. 463, 2 a. 
 Pantchatantra , Hindoo work, II. 627, 2 a. 
 Pan'theism : see Philosophy, XIII. 433, 1 c. 
 Pantheon, temple in Rome, XIII. 38. Build¬ 
 er of, I. 208, 2 a. Changed to a church, 
 III. 65, 2 c; I. 337, 1 b. Dome of, VI. 195, 
 
576 
 
 PANTHEON 
 
 PAPUAN 
 
 2 c.—Church in Paris (church of Sainte 
 Genevieve), XIII. 39, lb; 84, 2 c; VI. 
 197, 1 a; VII. 671, 2 a. 
 
 Pantheon [pa ng -ta-6 Dg ], French revolutionary 
 society, III. 442, 1 b. 
 
 Panther, animal, XIII. 39. 
 
 Pantioap^e'um : see Kertch. 
 
 Pantisoc’racy , visionary scheme of society, V. 
 50, 1 ab. 
 
 Pantograph , repeating machine, in engraving, 
 IV. 764, 1 a. Geometrical pantograph, VI. 
 655, 2 ab. See Pantograph (Index). 
 
 Pantomime: see Drama, VI. 247, 1 b. 
 
 Pdnuco [pa'-noo-ko], river, Mexico, XI. 466,1 b. 
 
 Pao Jarco [pow dar'-ko], tree, III. 223, 2 ab. 
 
 Pao Brazil , tree, III. 223, 2 a. 
 
 Pao'la , county seat, XI. 489, 2 a. 
 
 Paoli, county seat, XII. 666, 1 a. 
 
 Paoli, Pasquale [It. pow'-le], Corsican patriot, 
 XIII. 39. Clemente, patriot, 40, 1 b. 
 
 Paolo, Fra [fra pow'-lo]: see Sarpi. 
 
 Paolo Veronese [va-ro-na'-za]: see Cagliari, 
 Paolo. 
 
 Papa [pa'-paw], town of Hungary, XIII. 40. 
 
 Papacy : see Pope, and Papal States. 
 
 Papagos [pa-pa'-goce], Indian tribe, XIII. 40. 
 
 Papal guarantees, bill of, XIII. 43, 2 b; IX. 
 454, 2 ab. 
 
 Papal States, XIII. 40. Growth of the tem- 
 
 . poral power of the popes, 41, 1 a. Removal 
 of the papal residence to Avignon, 2 c. Pon¬ 
 tificate of Pius IX., 42, 2 b. 
 
 Papal supremacy: see Boniface III., III. 65, 
 2 be; Boniface VIII., 66, 1 b, be, 2 a; Bos- 
 suet, 115, 1 be; and X. 222, 1 c. 
 
 Papa'rer (botany), XIII. 713, 2 c. P. somnife- 
 rum, 714, 1 c (ill.). P. rhoeas, 2 be. P. du- 
 bium, 2 c (ill., 715). P. alpinum and P. orien- 
 tale, 715, 1 b. 
 
 Papaveri'na: see Opium, XII. 650, 1 a. 
 
 Papaw', tree, XIII. 44. Common, 1 a (ill.); 
 fruit, 1 be (ilk). Small-flowered, &c., 2 be. 
 Tropical papaw, 2 c (ill., 45). 
 
 PapebroeJc , Daniel [pa'-peh-brook], (1628-1714), 
 editor of the Acta Sanctorum (1659-1709), 
 III. 16, 2 c. 
 
 Papenburg [pa'-pen-boorg], town of Prussia, 
 XIII. 45. 
 
 Paper, XIII. 45. Materials, 2 a. Preparation 
 of paper pulp, 46, 1 a; engine, 1 be (ills.). 
 Manufacture of paper, 48, 2 be; varieties of, 
 2 c, 50, 2 ab. Manufacture by machinery, 
 49, 2 a; Fourdrinier machine, ib. (ill.); other 
 machines, 50, 1 be. Method of finishing the 
 
 surface, 2 a. Trade names, 2 be. Uses, 51, 
 
 1 a. History, 1 b. See Printing, 846, 1 b. 
 Paper Hangings, XIII. 53. 
 
 Paper money: see Bank, and Money, XI. 740, 
 
 2 be, ff. First use of in the American colo¬ 
 nies, 741, 2 a; in Massachusetts, ib., and I. 
 107, 1 b. Depreciation and fluctuation in 
 prices from over-issues, ib., and XI. 259, 2 a. 
 
 Paper Nautilus : see Nautilus. 
 
 Paper reed, XIII. 59, 1 ab. 
 
 Paper weights, of glass, how made, VIII. 24,1 c. 
 Paphlagonia, in ancient geography, XIII. 53. 
 Paph'os, Old and New', Cyprus, XIII. 53. 
 Papia [pa-pe'-a], XIII. 195, 1 a (Pavia). 
 Pa'pia lex, XIII. 169, 2 ab. Papia et Poppsea 
 lex: see Lex Julia, &c. (Index). 
 
 Papianists, millenarians, XIII. 54, 1 a. 
 
 Papias, early Christian writer, XIII. 54. 
 Papier glace [pa-pya gla-sa]: see Gelatine, 
 VII. 660, 2 c. 
 
 Papier Mache [m&-sha], XIII. 54. rapier 
 mach£ process, in stereotyping, 850, 2 c. 
 Papilio (entomology), III. 497, 1 c. P. Ma- 
 chaon, 2 a. P. asterias, ib. (ill.); larva of, 
 XIII. 130, 1 c. P. philenor, III. 497, 2 c. 
 P. Turnus, 498, 1 a. 
 
 Papilio, kind of tent, XV. 652, 2 b. 
 
 Papiliona’ceous form, of plants, XIII. 201, 2 a. 
 Papilion'idce (entomology), III. 495, 2 be. In 
 Borneo, 104, 2 b. 
 
 Papil'lce, of the skin, XV. 78, 2 c (ills., 79). 
 
 Of the tongue, 795, 1 a, b, c (ills.). 
 
 Papillon, Fernand [pa-pe-yo" g ], French physi¬ 
 ologist, XIII. 54. 
 
 Papin, Denis [pa-pa ng ], physicist, XIII. 54. Pa¬ 
 pin’s digester, 2 b. His steam engine, 2 be; 
 XV. 339, 2 b. 
 
 Papineau, Louis Joseph [pa-pe-no], Canadian 
 politician, XIII. 54. 
 
 Papinian, jurist: see Papinianus. 
 
 Papiniani Pesponsa, IV. 623, 2 c. 
 
 Papinianus, zEmilius, Roman jurist, XIII. 55 ; 
 X. 198, 2 c. 
 
 Papirius Cursor, Roman family, XIII. 55. 
 
 Lucius, 1 c. Lucius, his son, 2 b. 
 Pappenheim, Gottfried Heinrich, count [pap'- 
 pen-hime], German general, XIII. 55. 
 Pappenheimers, regiment, XIII. 55, 2 c. 
 Pappoose root, plant, V. 23, 1 a. 
 
 Pappus, of the thistle, XV. 712, 2 b. 
 
 Pappus, Alexandrinus, Greek geometer,XIII.56. 
 Papua [pa-poo'-a], island, Oceania, XIII. 56. 
 Papuan Race and Languages, XIII. 57; VI. 
 757, 1 a-b; XI. 726, 2 b; XII. 215, 2 a. 
 
PAPYRINE 
 
 PARCIEUX 
 
 577 
 
 Papyrine [pap'-e-rin], vegetable parchment, 
 XIII. 74, 1 a. 
 
 Papy'rus, plant, XIII. 59 (ill.). Its manufac¬ 
 ture into paper, 2 c. See Egypt, Language 
 and Literature of, and Manuscript. 
 
 Para [pa-ra'j, province of Brazil, XIII. 60. 
 Capital: see Belem. 
 
 Para, Rio: see Amazon, I. 379, 2 a. 
 
 Parab'ola , in geometry, I. 456, 1 b. 
 
 Parabola, of a microscope, XI. 521, 1 a. 
 
 Pardbol’ic curve of double curvature, I. 456,1 c. 
 
 Paracelsus (Pliilippus Aureolus Theophrastus 
 Bombastus von Hohenheitn), Swiss alchemist, 
 XIII. 61. Ilis theory of insanity, IX. 297, 
 2 ab. See Chemistry, IY. 359, 1 a. 
 
 “Paracelsus of surgery: ” see Maisonneuve, 
 Jules Germain Francois. 
 
 Paracente'sis , surgical operation, YI. 266, 2 c; 
 abdominalis, ib. 
 
 Paraclete , oratory and abbey of the, I. 18, 2 a, 
 b, c; YIII. 625, 2 a. 
 
 Paracyan'ogen (chemistry), Y. 603, 2 be. 
 
 Paradise, XIII. 61. See Eden. 
 
 Paradise apple, I. 600, 1 b. 
 
 Paradis'ea (ornithology), II. 649, 1 c. P. Pa- 
 puana, 2 be. P. apoda, 650, 1 a (ill., 649). 
 P. rubra, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Paradise, Bird of: see Bird of Paradise. 
 
 Paradox'ides (crustacea), XY. 868, 1 c. P. 
 Harlani, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Paradoxu'rus (zoology), XIII. 61. P. typus, 
 2 c (ill., 62). P. musanga, 62, 1 ab. 
 
 Paraf flourish in writing, YIII. 513, 1 ab. 
 
 Paraffine [par'-af-fin], waxy substance, XIII. 
 62. Candles, III. 699,1 ab. Oils, XIII. 369, 
 2 be. Paraffine lubricating oils, 371, 2 a. 
 
 Paraffin'ic acid, XIII. 62, 2 c. 
 
 Para grass: see Palm, XIII. 21, 2 c. 
 
 Paraguay [pa-ra-gwi'J, republic of South Amer¬ 
 ica, XIII. 63 (map). Area, 2 a. Popula¬ 
 tion, 2 c. Physical features, 64, 1 b. Min¬ 
 erals, 2 c. Climate, 65,1 a. Soil, ib. Flora, 
 1 b. Agriculture, 2 a. Fauna, 66, 1 a. 
 Manufactures, 1 c. Commerce, ib. Inter¬ 
 communication, 2 c. Finances, ib. Educa¬ 
 tion, 67, 1 a. Religion, 1 b. Government, 
 ib. History, 1 c. 
 
 Paraguay, river, XIII. 69. 
 
 Paraguay Tea: see Mate. 
 
 Paraiiyba [pa-ra-e'-ba], province of Brazil, 
 XIII. 70. Capital city, 2 a. 
 
 Parallax, in astronomy, XIII. 70. 
 
 Parallel, first, in a siege, XY. 29, 1 a; second, 
 1 c; third, 2 b. 
 
 37 
 
 Parallel motion, in music, XII. 84, 2 c. In a 
 steam engine, XY. 341, 1 b. 
 
 Parallellitha, rows of stones: see Finds, YII. 
 198, 2 a. 
 
 Paral'ysis, XIII. 71. Muscular, 1 b; facial, 
 2 ab. Paralysis agitans (shaking palsy), III. 
 203, 1 a. Lead paralysis (lead palsy), X. 
 247, 2 ab. Paralysis of the insane, IX. 304, 
 2 b. See Brain, Diseases of the, and Spinal 
 Diseases. 
 
 Paramagnetic bodies, XI. 7, 1 b; YII. 85, 1 a. 
 Paramagnetism, YI. 73, 1 c. 
 
 Paramaribo, capital of Dutch Guiana, XIII. 71. 
 Paramat'ta, town of Australia, XIII. 72. 
 Paramorphia: see Opium, XII. 650, 1 ab. 
 Paramos [pa'-ra-moce], plateaus of Peru, XIII. 
 335, 2 ab. 
 
 Parana [pa-ra-nV], river, XIII. 72. 
 
 Parana, province of Brazil, XIII. 72. 
 Paranahyba [-e'-ba], river, XIII. 72, 1 ab. 
 
 Paranaphthaline: see Anthracene. 
 
 Parang', weapon, YIII. 450, 1 ab. 
 Paraphernalia, in law, XIII. 72. 
 
 Paraplegia: see Paralysis, XIII. 71, 2 a. Re¬ 
 ferred to, XY. 270, 2 b. 
 
 Paraph'yses, in lichens, X. 409, 1 c. 
 Parapoph'yses (anatomy), XIII. 425, 1 a. 
 Parasaccharose: see Sugar, XY. 441, 2 b. 
 Parasele'nce: see Halo, YIII. 406, 1 c, 2 a. 
 Parasitaires [pa-ra-ze-tair], monsters, XI. 765, 
 1 c, 766, 2 ab. 
 
 Parasites , monsters, XI. 765, 1 b. 
 
 Parasitic Animals : see Entozoa, and Epizoa. 
 Parasitic Plants : see Epiphytes, and Clo¬ 
 ver, IY. 714, 2 b. 
 
 Parasol: see Umbrella. 
 
 Parasuliotes: see Suliotes, XY. 449, 2 a. 
 Parasu Rama, in Hindoo mythology, I. 191, 
 2a; II. 159, 1 be. 
 
 Paratartaric acid , XY. 574, 2 c; 575, 1 c. 
 
 Par autre vie [o-truh ve], (tenure by another 
 life), YI. 738, 1 b. 
 
 Paeay-le-Monial [pa-ra-luh-mo-nyal], town 
 of France, XIII. 73. Shrine of Marie Ala- 
 coque, 1 c. 
 
 Parbattia, Hindoo dialect, XII. 226, 2 b. 
 Parbhu, race of India, IX. 213, 2 be. 
 
 Parc^e, in mythology, XIII. 73. 
 
 Parc aux cerfs [park o sair], Louis XY.’s harem, 
 X. 660, 2 b. 
 
 Parchment, skins prepared for writing, &c., 
 XIII. 73. Vegetable parchment, 74, 1 a. 
 Parcieux, Chevalier de [par-se-uh]: see Ri» 
 
 VAROL. 
 
578 
 
 PARDESSUS 
 
 pare: 
 
 Paedessus, Jean Marie [par-da-sii], French 
 jurist, XIII. 74. 
 
 Pardoe, Julia, English author, XIII. 74. 
 Pardon, in law, XIII. 74. IIow different from 
 amnesty, I. 429, 2 b. 
 
 Pare, Ambroise [pa-ra], French surgeon, XIII. 
 75. Ilis treatment of gun-shot wounds, 76, 
 
 1 a; XI. 349, 1 c. 
 
 Paregoric Elixir, medicine, XIII. 76 ; XII. 
 648, 2 b. 
 
 Pareja, Juan de [pa-ra ,Jc ha], Spanish artist, 
 XIII. 76. 
 
 Parelectronomic layer , of muscles, I. 521, 1 be. 
 Parembang' (emu), VI. 589, 1 a. 
 
 Parenchyma [pa-ren'-ke-ma], in anatomy, XV. 
 
 280, 1 c. In botany, X. 264, 2 c. 
 
 Parent [pa-ra ng ], (Antoine, 1666-1716, French 
 mathematician), VII. 702, 1 a. 
 
 Parent and Child: see Infant. 
 
 Parent du Chatelet, Alexandre Jean Bap¬ 
 tiste [dli sliat-la], physician, XIII. 76. 
 Parentalia , Roman festival: see Manes. 
 Parentucelli , Tommaso [pa-ren-too-chel'-le], 
 (Pope Nicholas V.), XII. 429, 2 be. 
 Parepa-Rosa : see Rosa. 
 
 Par’esis , paralytic insanity, IX. 304, 2 c. 
 Parhelia : see Halo, VIII. 406, 1 c. Re¬ 
 ferred to, XIV. 189, 1 a. 
 
 Pa'riahs, Hindoo caste, XIII. 76 ; IX. 226, 1 a. 
 
 Pariah dogs, XIII. 76, 2 b. 
 
 Parian biscuit , for statuettes, &c., XIII. 783, 
 
 2 a; 786, 2 c. 
 
 Parian cement , VIII. 359, 1 b. 
 
 Parian Chronicle , I. 652, 2 b; 798, 1 c, 2 b. 
 Parian marble , XIII. 124, 2 a; XI. 146, 1 be, 
 2 b; I. 652, 2 ab. 
 
 Parian Marbles : see Arundel, I. 798, 1 c, 
 2 b. Referred to, 652, 2 b. 
 
 Parietine [pa-ri'-e-tin], coloring principle, X. 
 411, 1 b. 
 
 Parilline [pa-ril'-lin], an extract of sarsa¬ 
 parilla, XIV. 635, 2 b. 
 
 Parima mountains [pa-re'-ma], Venezuela, 
 XVI. 292, 2 a. 
 
 Parini, Giuseppe, Italian poet, XIII. 76. 
 
 Paris [pa'-ris; Fr. pa-re], capital of France, 
 XIII. 76 (map, 78). Area at different dates, 
 2 be. Population, 2 c. Divisions, 77, 1 c. 
 Climate, 78, 1 a. Geological formation, 2 a. 
 Fortifications, 79, 1 a. Number of thorough¬ 
 fares and buildings, 1 be. Boulevards, 1 c. 
 Other streets and open spaces, 2 c. Arc de 
 Triomphe de l’Etoile, 80, 2 c (ill., 81). 
 Bridges, 81, 2 c (ill., 82). Quais, 82, 1 b. 
 
 Sewers, 1 c. Water works, 2 b (see Arte¬ 
 sian Wells, I. 775, 2 a). Intercommunica¬ 
 tion, 2 c. Buildings, ib. ; Tuileries and 
 Louvre before 1871 (ill.), 80 (see Louvre, 
 and Tuileries) ; the Bourse, 83, 2 c (ill.); 
 new opera house, 84, 1 b (ill.). Churches, 
 ib. ; Notre Dame, 1 c (ill.) ; la Sainte 
 Chapelle, 2 b (ill., 85); the Madeleine, 85, 
 2 a (ill.). Hotels, 2 b. Public charities, 
 ib. Prisons, 86, 1 b. Education, ib. Li¬ 
 braries, 2 b. Museums, 87, 1 a. Theatres 
 and opera houses, 2 a. Government, 2 b. 
 Police, 2 c; 659, 2 c. Commerce, indus¬ 
 tries, &c., 88, 1 a. Markets, 2 be. History, 
 89, 1 ab. Siege, 92, 1 ab. Fires in, V. 
 169, 1 a; 237, 1 a. 
 
 Paris , county seats, III. 155, 2 a; VI. 403, 
 1 be; VIII. 640, 2 be; X. 118, 1 a; XI. 
 761, 1 b; XII. 760, 1 c. 
 
 Paris, Trojan prince, XIII. 93. 
 
 Paris, Alexis Paulin, French author, XIII. 93. 
 Gaston, 94, 1 a. 
 
 Paris, John Ayrton, English physician, XIII. 94. 
 Paris, Louis Philippe d’Orleans, count de, 
 French prince, XIII. 94. 
 
 Paris, Matthew: see Matthew Paris. 
 
 Paris , congress of: see Paris , treaty of (Index). 
 Paris, Plaster of: see Gypsum. 
 
 Paris , treaty of (1856), XIV. 493, 2 a; XII. 
 
 260, 2 b; II. 591, 1 c. 
 
 Paris basin , XIII. 78, 1 c; VII. 368, 1 b. 
 Paris green , XIII. 639, 2 c; 770, 2 ab. 
 
 Parish, XIII. 94. See Congregationalism, V* 
 243, 1 a. 
 
 Parish, Elijah, American author, XIII. 94. 
 Parisii , ancient inhabitants of Paris, XIII. 89, 
 
 1 b. City (Paris), 1 c. 
 
 Park, XIII. 95. Private parks in England, 1 b 
 (ill., Windsor park: see Windsor). Forma¬ 
 tion of public parks, 96, 1 be. Places, place 
 parks, and parkways, 98, 1 c. In France, 
 
 99, 2 a; Fontainebleau, 1 b (ills.); Bois de 
 Boulogne, 100, 1 a (map). In England, 101, 
 
 2 b; Victoria park, 2 c (map), 103, 1 b ; Hyde 
 park, 102, 1 c (map); Birkenhead park, 103, 
 2 a (map). On continent of Europe, 104, 1 a. 
 In North America, 105, 1 a; Central park, 
 New York, ib. (map); Prospect park, Brook¬ 
 lyn, 106, 2 b (map, 107); Fairmount park, 
 Philadelphia, 106, 2 c; others, 107, 1 c.— 
 National parks: see Wyoming (territory), and 
 Yosemite. Natural parks of Colorado, V. 
 
 100, 2 be; XIII. 108, 1 c; XIV. 380, 1 c. 
 Park, county, XIII. 108. 
 
PARK 
 
 PARROTT 
 
 579 
 
 Park, Edwards Amasa, American theologian, 
 XIII. 108. 
 
 Park, Mungo, Scottish traveller, XIII. 108; I. 
 
 170, 2 c; XII. 442, 1 c. 
 
 Park range , Rocky mountains, XIY. 876, 2 be. 
 Parke, county, XIII. 109. 
 
 Parke, Sir James: see Wensleydale (Index). 
 Parker, county, XIII. 109. 
 
 Parker , lens made by, III. 471, 2 b. 
 
 Parker, Matthew, archbishop, XIII. 109. 
 Parker, Sir Hyde (1739-1807, knighted for ser¬ 
 vices in America), admiral, XII. 221, 1 c, 2 a. 
 Parker, Xathan, American clergyman, XIII. 
 110 . 
 
 Parker, Peter, American physician and mis¬ 
 sionary, XIII. 110. 
 
 Parker, Sir Peter (1723-1811), admiral, IY. 
 317, 1 ab; XII. 6, 2 c. 
 
 Parker, Theodore, American clergyman, XIII. 
 110; XYI. 202, 2 c. 
 
 Parker, Willard, American surgeon, XIII. 111. 
 Parker's hot-oil lamp , X. 129, 2 b. 
 Parkersburg, city of West Yirginia, XIII. 111. 
 Parkman, Francis, American author, XIII. 
 112; XVI. 192, 2 be. 
 
 Parley , Peter , nom de plume, VIII. 102, 1 c. 
 Parliament [par'-la-ment], XIII. 112. British, 
 2 a. First English, VI. 608, 2 a, 621, 1 b; 
 members first, privileged from arrest, 2 be. 
 Prerogatives, constitutional precedent for, II. 
 448, 2 b. House of lords, XIII. 113, 1 b. 
 House of commons, 114, 2 a. Scottish and 
 Irish parliaments, 116, 2 c. French parlia¬ 
 ments, 117, 1 a; Y. 431, 1 a, ff., 432, 2 b. 
 Parliament, long , IY. 280, 1 ab; YI. 613, 1 c. 
 
 Its dissolution, 2 b; Y. 506, 1 b. 
 Parliamentary Law and Privileges, XIII. 
 117. In England, 1 c: see Coke, Y. 38, 2 a. 
 Right to report debates, VII. 707, 2 b. In 
 the United States, XIII. 118, 1 be. 
 Parliamentary reform , YI. 617, 2 ab, 619, 2 a; 
 XIII. 115, 2 b, ff. 
 
 Parliamentum indoctum , diabolicum , parlia¬ 
 ments so called, Y. 438, 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 Parma , a kind of shield, XIY. 853, 2 b (ill.). 
 Parma, province of Italy, XIII. 120. History, 
 2 c. Capital city, 121, 1 c. 
 
 Parma, Alessandro Farnese, duke of: see Far- 
 nese, YI. 87, 2 c. 
 
 Parma, school of in painting, XII. 800, 1 a. 
 Parmegiano : see Parmigiano. 
 
 Parmelia parietina (botany), X. 411, 1 b. 
 Parmenides [par-men'-e-deez], Grecian philoso¬ 
 pher, XIII. 121. See Eleatio ScnooL. 
 
 Parmenio, Macedonian general, XIII. 121. 
 His death, 122, 1 a; I. 278, 1 a. 
 
 Parmesan cheese , IV. 352, 1 c. 
 
 Parmigiano [par-me-ja'-np], Italian painter, 
 XIII. 122. 
 
 Parmigianino : see Parmigiano. 
 
 Parnahyba [par-na-e'-ba], river, III. 220, 1 c. 
 
 Parnassius (entomology), III. 498, 1 a. P. 
 Apollo, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Parnassus, mountain of Greece, XIII. 122. 
 
 Par'nell, Sir Henry Brooke : see Congleton. 
 
 Parnell, Thomas, English poet, XIII. 122. 
 
 Parny, Rvariste D6sir6 Desforges, chevalier 
 de, French poet, XIII. 122. 
 
 Paro [pa'-ro], river: see Beni. 
 
 Paro , island : see Paros. 
 
 Paroi'des penduli'nus (ornithology), XY. 775, 
 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Parol [par'-ul], in law, XIII. 122. See Con¬ 
 tract, Evidence, and Frauds, Statute of. 
 
 Par'oli , in faro, VII. 89, 1 c. 
 
 Paroli, Dr., Italian author, III. 142, 2 b. 
 
 Paropam'isan Mountains, Asia, XIII. 122. 
 
 Paropamisus : see Paropamisan Mountains. 
 
 Paroquet [par'-o-ket], bird, XIII. 123. Crested 
 paroquet, 1 c (ill.); nonpareil, 2 a; ground, 
 ib. ; Alexandrine, 2 b (ill.). Grass paro¬ 
 quets, 124, 1 a. Lorikeets, 1 ab. 
 
 Paros, island of Greece, XIII. 124. Marble 
 of: see Parian marble (Index). 
 
 Parotia sexpennis (ornithology), II. 651, 2 a 
 (ill.). 
 
 Parot'id Gland : see Salivary Glands, XIY. 
 565, 2 c. Referred to, I. 317, 2 b. 
 
 Par'oican, county seat, IX. 376, 2 b. 
 
 Parquet [par-ka]: see Stock Exchange, XY. 
 389, 1 a. 
 
 Parr, young salmon, XIY. 568, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Parr, Catharine : see Catharine Parr. 
 
 Parr, Samuel, English author, XIII. 124. 
 
 Parr, Thomas, centenarian, XIII. 125. 
 
 Parra (ornithology), IX. 480, 1 c. P. jacana, 
 2 ab (ill.), &c. 
 
 Parrakeet : see Paroquet. 
 
 Parr aqua guans, birds, VIII. 278, 2 ab. 
 
 Parrhasius [par-ra'-ze-us], Greek painter, XIII. 
 125 ; XII. 794, 2 b, be. See Zeuxis. 
 
 Parrot, bird, XIII. 125. Carolina parrot, 2 o 
 (ill., 126). Gray parrot, 126, 2 b (ill.); green, 
 2 be; festive, 2 c. Love birds, 127, 1 a. 
 
 Parrot, Johann Jakob Friedrich Wilhelm, 
 German physician, XIII. 127. 
 
 Parrot Fish, XIII. 127 (ill.). 
 
 Parrott, Robert Parker, American inventor, 
 
580 
 
 PARRY 
 
 PASSAIC 
 
 XIII. 127. System of rifled guns, 128, 1 a; 
 I. 796, 1 c (ill.). (Died 1877.) 
 
 Parry, Sir William Edward, English naviga¬ 
 tor, XIII. 128. See Arctic Discovery, I. 
 670, 1 a-2 ab; 671, 1 a-2 ab, 2 c-672, 1 be. 
 Parry's group, of islands, III. 67, 2 ab. 
 
 Parry Sound : see Melville Sound. 
 
 Parry Sound, district in Canada, XIII. 129. 
 Parsees', XIII. 129 ; III. 22, 2 b ; IX. 216,1 b. 
 Language of, 348, 1 a; XIII. 324, 2 b. Re¬ 
 ligious tenets and history : see Zend-Avesta, 
 and Zoroaster. 
 
 Parsley, plant, XIII. 129 (ill.). Parsley worm, 
 
 130, 1 c. Fool’s parsley, 2 a. 
 
 Parsnip, plant, XIII. 130 (ill.). 
 
 Parson bird: see Poe Bird, XIII. 635, 1 c. 
 Parsons, city of Kansas, XIII. 131. 
 
 Parsons, Robert: see Persons, Robert. 
 Parsons, Theophilus, American jurist, XIII. 
 
 131. Theophilus (2d), jurist, 2 c. 
 
 Parsons, Thomas William, poet, XIII. 132. 
 
 “ Parsons' cause," in Virginia, VIII. 662, 1 b. 
 Parsonstown, Ireland, XIII. 132. 
 
 Parted, in heraldry, VIII. 671, 2 be, 672, 1 a. 
 Parterebenthene, polymeric oil, XVI. 78, 1 ab. 
 Parthenogenesis, XIII. 132. 
 
 Parthenon : see Athens, II. 62, 1 a, 2 c (ill., 
 63). Referred to, XI. 598, 1 a. 
 Partiien'ope, in mythology, XIII. 134. 
 Parthenope'an republic, IX. 451, 1 ab. Origin 
 of the name* XIII. 134, 1 c (Parthenope) ; 
 XII. 142, 1 c. Referred to, III. 765, 2 b 
 (Caraccioli), and XII. 221, 1 ab (Nelson). 
 Parthia, ancient country of Asia, XIII. 134. 
 
 Parthians, 2 ab. Kingdom, 2 c. 
 
 Parting, in comb manufacture, V. 133, 2 c. 
 Partition, in law, XIII. 137. 
 
 Partnership, in law, XIII. 137; IX. 672, 1 c. 
 Partnership, Limited, XIII. 141. 
 
 Parton, James, American author, XIII. 141. 
 
 Sara Payson Willis, author, 2 a. 
 
 Partridge, bird, XIII. 141. Common or gray 
 partridge, 142, 1 c (ill.). Guernsey or red- 
 legged partridge, 2 b (ill.). Greek or rock 
 partridge, 143, 1 a; sanguine, ib. Other 
 birds called partridges, 141, 2 c; VIII. 271, 
 2 c; XIV. 126, 2 a. 
 
 Partridge, Alden, American soldier, XIII. 143. 
 Partridge Berry, plant, XIII. 143 (ill.). 
 Partridge W t ood, XIII. 143. 
 
 Parturition: see Obstetrics, XII. 568, 2 b, 
 569, 2 b. 
 
 Party in interest, real, VII. 22, 2 ab (Ex¬ 
 change, Bill of). 
 
 Party per pale, in heraldry, VIII. 671, 2 be; 
 
 672, 1 a. (See plate.) 
 
 Party Wall, in law, XIII. 144. 
 
 Parus atricapillus (ornithology), II. 676, 2 ab. 
 P. Carolinensis, 2 be. 
 
 Pdrvati [par'-va-te], Hindoo deity, IX. 228,2 ab. 
 Parys copper mines, Wales, I. 426, 1 a; V. 
 318, 1 c. 
 
 Parys'atis, queen of Persia, V. 688, 1 c. 
 Pasar'gad^e, ancient city of Persia, XIII. 144. 
 Pascagou'la, river of Mississippi, XIII. 144. 
 Pascal, Blaise, French author, XIII. 144. 
 Referred to, 90, 2 c. Famous theorem in 
 geometry, VII. 701, 2 b. Arithmetical ma¬ 
 chine, III. 569, 1 b. Experiments on at¬ 
 mospheric pressure, II. 326, 1 a. “Pro¬ 
 vincial Letters” of, XIII. 145, 2 a: see Ar- 
 nauld, I. 755, 1 c.—Jacqueline Blaise, XIII. 
 
 146, 1 ab. 
 
 Pasch [pask], in the Greek church, VIII. 101, 
 
 1 b. Pasch of the crucifixion, ib. The sor¬ 
 rowful pasch, ib. See Easter, VI. 373, 2 be. 
 Pasch eggs, 374, 2 ab. 
 
 Pasch, Joachim [pash], first deaf-mute teacher 
 in Germany, V. 732, 1 c. 
 
 Paschal II., pope, XIII. 146. 
 
 “ Paschal letters of patriarchs and metropoli¬ 
 tans, VI. 686, 1 c. 
 
 Pas-de-Calais [pa-duh-ka-la], department of 
 France, XIII. 146. 
 
 Pasewa [pa-sa'-wa], juice of opium, XII. 647,2 c. 
 Pasha [pa-sha'], Turkish officer, XIII. 146. 
 
 Pasha of three tails, 2 b; XVI. 396, 2 ab. 
 Pashalic: see Turkey, XVI. 59, 1 c. 
 
 Pasht: seeBuBASTis. Referredto,XII.116,2 a. 
 Pasiphae [pa-sif-a-e]: see Minos, XI. 614,1 a. 
 PaskevTtch, Ivan Fedorovitch, prince of War^ 
 saw, Russian soldier, XIII. 146. 
 
 Pasquier, Etienne [pas-kya], French author, 
 XIII. 147. 
 
 Pasquier, Etienne Denis, duke, statesman, XIII. 
 
 147. Duke Gaston d’Audiffret-Pasquier, 2 c. 
 Pas'quin, statue, XIII. 148. Pasquin, tailor, 1 a. 
 Pasquinade', libel, XIII. 148, 1 ab. 
 
 Pasquino [pas-kwe'-no]: see Pasquin. 
 Pas'quotank, county, XIII. 148. River, 1 c; 
 
 VI. 135, 2 be. 
 
 “ Pass," to try for, at Oxford, XII. 766, 1 b. 
 Passage of arms: see Tournament, XV. 824, 
 
 2 b, and IV. 497, 2 ab. 
 
 Passaglia, Carlo [pas-sa'-lya], Italian theolo¬ 
 gian, XIII. 148. 
 
 Passa'ic, county, XIII. 148. 
 
 Passaic, river of New Jersey, XIII. 148. 
 
PASSAMAQUODDIES 
 
 PATRICK 
 
 581 
 
 Passamaquoddies : see Penobscots and Pas- 
 samaquoddies, and I. 20, 1 a. 
 Passamaquoddy Bay, XIII. 149. 
 Passamaquoddy river: see Saint Croix, river. 
 Passaroyitz [pas-sa'-ro-vits], town of Servia, 
 XIII. 149. Peace of, 1 ab; IY. 298, 1 b. 
 Passau [pas'-sow], town of Bavaria, XIII. 149. 
 
 Peace of, 1 c; IY. 296, 1 c. 
 
 Passavant, Johann David [pas-sa-va ng '], Ger¬ 
 man art historian, XIII. 149. 
 
 Passenger Pigeon, XIII. 149 (ill.). 
 
 Passer (ornithology), XY. 230, 1 b; YII. 191, 
 2 b. P. domesticus, XY. 230, 1 be (ill.). 
 Passiflo'ra (botany), XIII. 150, 1 a. Native 
 species, 2 b. Exotic species, 151, 1 c; P. 
 caerulea, ib. (ill:), &c. See Granadilla. 
 Passing under the yoke, by a defeated army, 
 IY. 136, 2 be. 
 
 “ Passion, master of the: ” see Mecheln, XI. 
 330, 1 be. 
 
 Passion docJc, for herb puddings on Good Fri¬ 
 day, YIII. 101, 2 b. 
 
 Passion Flower, XIII. 150. Flowers, 1 b (ill., 
 longitudinal section). Fruit, 2 a (ill.). Na¬ 
 tive species, 2 b. Blue passion flower, 151, 
 1 c (ill.). Edible, &c., 2 a, tf. Cultivation, 2 c. 
 Passionists, religious order, XIII. 152; XI. 
 730, 2 c. 
 
 Passion Plays see Miracles and Moralities, 
 and Ober-Ammergau. Of Persia, XIII. 320, 
 1 a. 
 
 Passion Sunday, X. 344, 2 a. 
 
 Passion Week : see Holy Week. 
 
 Passover, Jewish festival, XIII. 152. 
 
 Passow, Franz Ludwig Karl Friedrich [pas'-so], 
 German philologist, XIII. 152. 
 
 Passport, official document, XIII. 152. 
 
 Passy, artesian well at, I. 775, 2 b. 
 
 Pasta, Giuditta, Italian singer, XIII. 153. 
 Paste, hard, for porcelain, XIII. 778, 2 b ; 783, 
 
 1 c. Soft, 778, 2 b; 784, 2 a; 791, 2 b. 
 Pastel: see Woad, XYI. 693, 2 b. 
 
 Pasteur, Louis [pas-tur], French chemist, XIII. 
 
 153. His theory of fermentation, YII. 144, 
 
 2 a, ff.; X. 415, 2 c. Experiments on spon¬ 
 taneous generation, XY. 283, 2 c. 
 
 Paste worm, XYI. 338, 2 c. 
 
 Pastille : see Perfume, XIII. 290, 1 c. 
 Pastina’ca hasta'ta (ichthyology), XIY. 222, 
 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Pastinaca sati'va (botany), XIII. 130, 2 a (ill.). 
 Pastor (ornithology), XY. 323, 1 ab. 
 
 Pastorela or pastoreta, in Provengal literature, 
 XIY. 40, 2 a. 
 
 Pastoureaux, revolt of [pas-too-ro], referred to, 
 II. 694, 2 ab. 
 
 Patagonia, territory of South America, XIII. 
 153. Coasts, 154,1 a. Surface, 1 be. Riv¬ 
 ers, 2 be. Geology, 155, 1 a. Minerals, 2 a. 
 Climate, 2 ab. Flora, 2 b. Agriculture, 156, 
 
 1 a. Fauna, ib. Population, 1 be. Religion, 
 
 2 b. History, 2 c. Colonies, 157, 1 ab. 
 Patapsco, river of Maryland, XIII. 157. 
 Patavini [pa-ta-ve'-ne], Catharists, IY. 115, 2 c. 
 Patavium, ancient city, XII. 785, 1 be. 
 Patchouli [pa-choo'-le], perfume, XIII. 157. 
 
 Plant, 2 ab (ill.). Essence de patchouly, 
 158, 1 a. 
 
 Pate de Foie Gras [pa-ta duh fwa gra], XIII. 
 158. 
 
 Patella, knee-pan, XIII. 158 ; XY. 639, 2 a. 
 Patella (mollusca), X. 486, 2 b (ill.); Y. 201, 
 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Patent fuel, Y. 68, 1 c. 
 
 Patent leather, X. 276, 1 a. 
 
 Patents, Law of, XIII. 158. By whom ob¬ 
 tainable, 2 c. What may be patented, 159,1 b. 
 How letters patent may be obtained, 160, 
 2 ab. Term of, 161, 2 b. Infringement of, 
 2 c. Foreign patent systems, 162, 2 a. 
 Pater'culus, Caius Yelleius, Roman historian, 
 XIII. 164. 
 
 Paterini [pa-ta-re'-ne], Catharists, IY. 115,2 c. 
 Pat'erson, city of New Jersey, XIII. 164. 
 Paterson, William, founder of the bank of 
 England, and of the Darien colony, XIII. 
 165. See Bank, II. 274, 1 b, and Darien, 
 Colony of. 
 
 Pathology, medical, XIII. 483, 2 be. 
 
 Pat’ina: see Finds, YII. 196, 1 a. 
 
 Patio process, of silver refining, XY. 51, 1 a. 
 Patkul, Johann Reinhold [pat'-kool], Livonian 
 patriot, XIII. 165 ; IY. 304, 1 be, 305, 1 b. 
 Patmore, Coventry Kearsey Dighton, English 
 poet, XIII. 166. 
 
 Patmos, Greek island, XIII. 166. 
 
 Patna, division of Bengal, XIII. 166. District, 
 1 c. Capital city, 2 a. 
 
 Pat'on, Andrew Archibald, English author, 
 XIII. 166. 
 
 Paton, Sir Joseph Noel, painter, XIII. 166. 
 Patrce: see Patras. 
 
 Patras', seaport of Greece, XIII. 166 (view). 
 Pa'tres conscripti, Roman senate, XIY. 764,1 b. 
 Patres ecclesiee: see Church, Fathers of the. 
 Patriarch, title, XIII. 167; I. 646, 1 b. 
 Patricians, Roman, XIII. 167. 
 
 Patrick, county, XIII. 168. 
 
582 
 
 PATRICK 
 
 PAUXI 
 
 Patrick, Saint, apostle of Ireland, XIII. 168; 
 IX. 856, 1 c; XI. 729, 2 be. See Saint 
 Patrick (Index). 
 
 Patrick, Simon, English author, XIII. 168. 
 
 Patrick Court House, county seat, XIII. 168,1 c. 
 
 Patripassians, religious sect, XIII. 169. See 
 Noetians, XII. 473, 1 b. 
 
 Patristics , department of theological study, 
 IV. 567, 1 b. 
 
 Patro'clus, Greek legendary hero, XIII. 169; 
 I. 64, 2 c. 
 
 Patrology : see Patristics (Index). 
 
 Patron, Roman, XIII. 169. In canon law, 2 be. 
 
 Patroon ', land proprietor, I. 570, 1 c. “ The 
 Patroon: ” see Van Rensselaer, Stephen. 
 
 Pattawapura: see Mandelay. 
 
 Pattern piece, in numismatics, XII. 535, 2 b. 
 
 Patterson , Miss Elizabeth (Mme. Patterson, or 
 Mrs. Patterson-Bonaparte), first wife of Je¬ 
 rome Bonaparte, III. 26, 2 c; 27,1 c; 28,1 ab. 
 
 Patterson , P. H., on the origin of metallic 
 money, XI. 737, 1 c. 
 
 Patteson, John Coleridge, missionary bishop, 
 XIII. 169. 
 
 Patti, Adelina Maria Clorinda (Marquise de 
 Caux), singer, XIII. 170. Carlotta, singer, 1 c. 
 
 Pattison, Robert Everett, American clergy¬ 
 man and educator, XIII. 170. 
 
 Patty-pan: see Squash, XY. 293, 2 a. 
 
 Patu'mus , ruined city, II. 483, 1 b. 
 
 Patuxent, river of Maryland, XIII. 170. 
 
 Pau [po], town of France, XIII. 170. Castle 
 of, 2 c (ill., 171). 
 
 Paul, name of five popes, XIII. 171. III., 
 Alessandro Farnese, 1 b; VII. 87, 2 b. IV., 
 Giovanni Pietro Caraffa, XIII. 171, 1 c. V., 
 Camillo Borghese, 172, 1 a; III. 93, 2 b. 
 
 Paul, Father: see Sarpi, Paolo. 
 
 Paul I., Petrovitch, emperor of Russia, XIII. 
 172. Assassination of, 2 b ; I. 281, la; II. 
 531, 2 c. 
 
 Paul, Regular Clerks of St.: see Barnabites. 
 
 Paul, Saint, apostle, XIII. 172. Epistles of, 
 175, 1 a. See Saint Paul (Index). 
 
 Paul, Vincent de [Fr. va ng -sa ng duh pole], saint, 
 XIII. 175; X. 241, 1 c; XI. 731, 1 a. His 
 labors for the improvement of idiots, IX. 
 170, 2 b. 
 
 Paul of the Cross , Saint: see Passionists, 
 XIII. 152, 1 b, 2 a. 
 
 Paul the Hermit , Saint , I. 467, 1 b; XI. 728, 
 2 b (Paul of Thebes). 
 
 Paul of Samosata, heresiarch, XIII. 176. 
 
 Paul of Thebes: see Paul the Hermit (Index). 
 
 Paula, St. Francis of : see Francis of Paula, 
 
 Paulcon : see Constantin Faulcon. 
 
 Paulding-, two counties, XIII. 176. 
 
 Paulding , county seats, IX. 571, 1 b; XIII. 
 176, 2 b. 
 
 Paulding, Hiram, American naval officer, XIII. 
 176. 
 
 Paulding, James Kirke, author, XIII. 177. 
 
 Paulding , John , patriot, I. 483, 1 a. 
 
 Pauli, Georg Reinhold [pow'-le], German his¬ 
 torian, XIII. 177. 
 
 Paulianists , religious sect, XIII. 176, 2 a. 
 
 Paulicians, religious sect, XIII. 177; VIII. 
 54, 2 c. 
 
 Pauli'nus: see Eudocia, VI. 771, 1 a. 
 
 Paulinus, Pontius Mesopius Anicius, Saint, 
 XIII. 178. Saint, bishop of Treves, 2 a. 
 Saint, first archbishop of York, 2 ab. Saint, 
 patriarch of Aquileia, 2 b. 
 
 Paulists, religious society, XIII. 178; VIII. 
 602, 1 c; XI. 732, 1 b. 
 
 Paulownia, tree, XIII. 179 (ill.). 
 
 Paulus, Heinrich Eberliard Gottlob [pow'- 
 loos], German theologian, XIII. 179. On 
 miracles, XI. 625, 2 a. 
 
 Pau'lus, Lucius HSmilius, Roman general, XIII. 
 179. 
 
 Paulus HSgine'ta, Greek physician, XIII. 180. 
 
 Paulus Jovius: see Giovio, Paolo. 
 
 Paul Veronese: see Cagliari, Paolo. 
 
 Paumotou Islands : see Low Archipelago. 
 
 Paunaques [po-nak]: see Bonnacks. 
 
 Paunch: see Ruminantia, XIV. 467, 2 c. 
 
 Pauper , in distinction from vagrant, XVI. 241, 
 1 be. 
 
 Pauperism, XIII. 180. History of the modern 
 poor laws, 2 be; in Great Britain, 181, 1 a; 
 in France, 182, 2 a; in other European 
 countries, 183, 2 a. British poor-law statis¬ 
 tics, 184, 1 b. Relative amount of pauper¬ 
 ism, 2 c. Proportion of paupers to popula¬ 
 tion, 185, 2 c. Indoor and outdoor relief, 
 186, 1 c. Pauperism in the United States, 
 188, 1 b. 
 
 Pausanias, Spartan general, XIII. 190. 
 
 Pausanias, Greek topographer, XIII. 190. 
 See Athens, II. 59, 1 a. 
 
 Pausias, Greek painter, XIII. 190. 
 
 Pauthier, Jean Pierre Guillaume [po-tya], 
 French sinologue, XIII. 190. 
 
 Pauw, Cornelis de [d6h pow], Dutch histo¬ 
 rian, XIII. 191. 
 
 Pauwels, Ferdinand, Belgian painter, XIII. 191. 
 
 Pauxi (ornithology), V. 579, 2 be. P. galeata, 
 
PAVEMENT 
 
 PEA 
 
 583 
 
 580, 2 b (ill.). P. mitu, 2 c (ill.). P. tomen- 
 tosa, ib. 
 
 Pavement, XIII. 191. Ancient pavements, 
 2 a; modern, 192,1 be. Nicolson pavement, 
 2 a; ashlar, &c., 2 b; broken stone, 193, 
 1 ab; asphalt, 1 b; tessellated, XV. 753, 1 a. 
 Pavia [pa-ve'-a], province of Italy, XIII. 194. 
 Capital city, 1 b (ill.). University, 2 b. 
 Council of Pavia, referred to, XV. 31, 2 be. 
 Pavie, Theodore Marie [pa-ve], French orien¬ 
 talist, XIII. 195. 
 
 Pavilion, of the diamond, VI. 75, 1 b. 
 
 Pavilion [pa-ve-yo ng ], of the French horn, VIII. 
 818, 1 b. 
 
 Pavo (ornithology), XIII. 208, 2 a. P. crista- 
 tus, 209, 1 a (ill., 208). 
 
 Pavy, Louis Antoine Augustin [pa-ve], French 
 theologian, XIII. 195. 
 
 Pawcatuck' river, XIV. 291, 2 c. 
 
 Pawn, an article in pledge, XIII. 175. 
 Pawnbroker, XIII. 197. Pawnbrokers’ sign, 1 c. 
 Pawnee', two counties, XIII. 197. 
 
 Paicnee City, county seat, XIII. 197, 2 a. 
 Pawnees, Indian tribe, XIII. 197. 
 
 Pawpaw, shrub, XV. 645, 1 a. See Papaw. 
 Pawpaw, county seat, XVI. 253, 2 b. 
 Pawtucket, town of Rhode Island, XIII. 198. 
 
 River, XIV. 291, 2 be. 
 
 Pawtuxet river, XIV. 291, 2 c. 
 
 Pax, ecclesiastical tablet, XIII. 198. Giving 
 the pax, 2 b. 
 
 Pax Augusta, ancient town, II. 208, 2 b. 
 
 Pax Clementina: see Peace of the church 
 (Index). 
 
 Paxton, county seat, VII. 315, 1 ab. 
 
 Paxton, Sir Joseph, English horticulturist, 
 
 XIII. 198. 
 
 Paxton boys, lawless organization, II. 625,1 b ; 
 V. 221, 2 a. 
 
 Payen, Anselme [pa-ya ng ], French chemist, 
 XIII. 199. Experiments in regard to fer¬ 
 mentation, VII. 147, 2 a. 
 
 Payment, in law, XIII. 199. For honor, so 
 styled, XIV. 32, 1 a. See Negotiable Pa¬ 
 per, and Wager. 
 
 Payne, John Howard, American dramatist, 
 XIII. 201. 
 
 Pays Pas [pa-o ba]: see Netherlands. 
 
 Pays (VOuche [doosh], district, II. 576, 2 b. 
 Pays de Vaud: see Vaud. 
 
 Payson, Edward, American clergyman, XIII. 
 
 201 . 
 
 Paz, Juan Blanco de [path]: see Avellaneda, 
 Alonso Fernando de, II. 159, 2 be. 
 
 Pa-Zend: see Zend-Avesta, XVI. 811, 1 ab. 
 
 Language, IX. 348, 1 a. 
 
 Pazzi, Conspiracy of the [pat'-se]: see Medici, 
 XI. 343, 2 be, and XV. 73, 2 c. 
 
 Pea, XIII. 201. Garden pea, 2 a (ills.); class¬ 
 es and varieties of, 202, 1 be; cultivation of, 
 2 c; enemies of, 203, 1 ab. Cow pea, 1 be. 
 Chick pea, 1 c. Other kinds, 2 a. 
 
 Pea bannocks, XIII. 203, 1 a. 
 
 Peabody, town of Massachusetts, XIII. 203. 
 Peabody, Andrew Preston, American clergy, 
 man, XIII. 204. • 
 
 Peabody, Miss Elizabeth P. (Elizabeth Palmer, 
 born 1804, teacher and bookseller in Boston), 
 works by, II. 513, 2 a; IX. 274, 2 ab. 
 Peabody, George, merchant and philanthro¬ 
 pist, XIII. 204. Peabody institute, in Pea¬ 
 body, 1 be, 203, 2 c; in Baltimore, II. 255, 
 
 1 c. Peabody academy of science, in Salem, 
 XIV. 562, 2 a. Tenements in London erect¬ 
 ed by him, X. 603, 2 b. 
 
 Peabody, William Bourn Oliver, clergyman, 
 XIII. 204. Oliver William Bourn, 2 b. 
 
 Pea bug: see Pea weevil (Index). 
 
 Peace, prince of the: see Godoy, VIII. 62, 2 a. 
 Peace, treaty of: see Law of Nations, X. 228,2 c. 
 Peace of the church , so styled, IV. 663, 1 b; 
 
 IX. 528, 1 a; X. 631, 1 b. 
 
 Peace of Clement IX.: see Peace of the church 
 (Index). 
 
 Peace convention, of 1861, XVI. 89, 2 b. See 
 Confederate States, V. 226, 1 a. 
 
 Peace jubilee, in Boston, III. 128, 1 c. 
 
 Peace River, British America, XIII. 204. 
 Peace society, American, X. 89, 1 a. 
 
 Peach, fruit tree, XIII. 204 (ill., 205). Botan¬ 
 ical description, 205, 2 a (ills.). Varieties 
 of fruit, 206, 2 a. Where produced, 2 be. 
 Cultivation, 207, 1 a. Canning, &c., 2 a. 
 Cultivation under glass, 2 be. Diseases, &c., 
 
 2 c. Ornamental varieties, 208, 1 be. Sa¬ 
 cred fruit of Horus, IX. 6, 2 ab. 
 
 Peach black, X. 132, 1 be. 
 
 Peach borer, XIII. 208, 1 a; VIII. 533, 2 b. 
 Peach wood: see Brazil Wood, III. 233, 1 a. 
 Peacock, bird, XIII. 208. Common peacock, 
 209,1 a (ill., 208). Thibet peacock, 1 c (ill.). 
 Peacock, the, cruises of, XVI. 463, 2 ab. 
 Peacock “ in his pride' 1 ' 1 (heraldry), VIII. 673, 
 1 c. (See plate.) 
 
 Peacock, Thomas Love, English author, XIII. 
 209. 
 
 Peacock throne, at Delhi, V. 780, 1 a. 
 Peafowl: see Guinea Fowl, VIII. 313, 1 c. 
 
584 
 
 PEAK 
 
 PEELERS 
 
 Peak, of an anchor, I. 465, 1 a. 
 
 Peak and chop , in pugilism, XIY. 76, 2 b. 
 Peale, Charles Wilson, American painter, 
 XIII. 209. Rembrandt, painter, 210, 1 a. 
 Pean , in heraldry, VIII. 671, 2 ab. 
 
 Peanut, leguminous plant, XIII. 210 (ill.). 
 Peak, fruit tree, XIII. 211 (ill.). Number and 
 production of varieties, 2 a. Age, 2 c. Cul¬ 
 tivation, 212, 1 b. Enemies, 2 a. Classifi¬ 
 cation and kinds, 2 b (ills.). Treatment of 
 fruit, 213, 1 b. Perry, 1 c. 
 
 Peakce, Zachary, English prelate, XIII. 213. 
 Pearisburg, county seat, VII. 809, 2 c. 
 
 Pearl, gem, XIII. 213. Pearl fisheries, 214, 
 
 1 b. Mother of pearl, 2 b. Artificial pearls, 
 
 2 be. Pearls from mussels, XII. 104, 1 ab. 
 Pearl, county, XIII. 214. 
 
 Pearlash : see Potash, XIII. 757, 2 c, 758,1 a. 
 Pearl oyster , XII. 773, 2 a; XIII. 214, 1 a. 
 Pearl River, XIII. 214. 
 
 Pearl stone : see Rocks, XIV. 370, 2 b. 
 Pearl-white , a salt and cosmetic, II. 667, 1 b. 
 Pearly everlasting , plant, IX. 196, 2 c. 
 
 Pearly Nautilus : see Nautilus, XII. 175, 
 2 b (ill.), 176, 1 a. 
 
 Pearson, John, English bishop, XIII. 215. 
 Peasants , king of the (Casimir III.), IV. 56, 
 2 c; XIII. 645, 1 b. 
 
 Peasants’ War, XIII. 215; VII. 753, 2 c; 
 XII. 48, 1 a. See Luther, X. 727, 2 c, and 
 Berlichingen, II. 562, 2 be. 
 
 Pease: see Pea, XIII. 201, 2 a. 
 
 Pease, Calvin, American clergyman, XIII. 217. 
 Peat, XIII. 217. Distribution, 1 b. Qualities, 
 
 1 c. Constituents, 2 b; of peat and coal 
 ashes, II. 5,1 c-2 a. ITse as a fertilizer, XIII. 
 
 218, 1 a; as fuel, 1 be, 220, 2 b. Prepa¬ 
 ration by hand, 2 a (ills.); by machinery, 
 
 219, 1 be (ill., Leavitt’s peat machine). Peat 
 charcoal, 220,1 c. Peat gas, 2 a; VII. 639, 
 
 2 ab. 
 
 Peat marsh of Montoire, II. 778, 2 c. 
 
 Peat moss : see Mosses, XI. 865, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Pea weevil , XIII. 203,1 ab; XVI. 536,1 ab (ill.). 
 Pecan, tree, XIII. 220 (ill., 221). 
 
 Peccary, animal, XIII. 221 ; II. 764, 1 be. 
 Collared peccary, XIII. 221, 2 a (ill.); white- 
 lipped, 2 c. 
 
 Pecca'tor : see Isidore Mercator. 
 
 Pecht, Friedrich [pe c ht], German painter, XIII. 
 
 222 . 
 
 Peck, George, American clergyman, XIII. 222. 
 
 Jesse Truesdell, clergyman, 1 b. 
 
 Peck, John Mason, clergyman, XIII. 222. 
 
 Pec'ora: see Ruminantia, XIV. 467, 1 b. 
 Pecos [pa'-koce], county, XIII. 222. 
 
 Pecos , river, XIV. 341, 2 c. 
 
 Pecquet, Jean [pa-ka], French anatomist, XIII. 
 
 222. Reservoir of Pecquet, 223, 1 a. 
 
 Pecten (conchology), XIV. 661, 2 ab. P. con- 
 centricus, 2 b. P. Islandicus, 2 c (ill., 662). 
 P. pallium, &c., 662, 1 a. 
 
 Pecten , of a bird’s eye, VII. 47, 2 c; V. 179, 
 2 be (P. plicatuin). 
 
 Pectin , fruit jelly, XVI. 22, 2 ab. 
 Pectinibranchiata (mollusca), XI. 723, 1 b. 
 Pecunia, pecuniary , origin of the terms, XI. 
 736, 1 be. 
 
 Ped'als , in the organ, XII. 688, 2 b, 689, 1 b; 
 pedal stops, 688, 2 c. In the piano, XIII. 
 491, 2 b; tone-sustaining pedal, 493, 2 a. 
 Expression of pedals, and stop: see Reed 
 Instruments, XIV. 244, 1 a. 
 
 Pedastrium tetras (botany), VI. 43, 2 be (ill.). 
 
 P. biradiatum, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Peddlers' 1 French , XV. 85, 2 b (Slang). 
 
 Pedee', Great, river of South Carolina, XIII.223. 
 Pedicel , of a plant, XIII. 584, 2 a; 585, 2 b. 
 Pedic'ulus (epizoa), VI. 695, 2 c. P. capitis, 
 ib. (ill., 696). P. vestimenti, 696, 1 b. P. 
 tabescentium, 1 c. 
 
 Pediment , in the Doric order, I. 657, 1 b,- 
 Ionic, 657, 2 b. 
 
 Pedom'etek : see Odometer. 
 
 Pedrdo [pa-drow ug 'J, pile of stones, III. 637, 
 1 b, c. 
 
 Pedrigal', a rock formation, V. 102, 1 c. 
 Pedrini [pa-dre'-ne], Lazarist missionary, X. 
 242, 1 c. 
 
 Pe'dro I. [Port, pa'-dro], emperor of Brazil, IV. 
 
 as king of Portugal, XIII. 223. See Miguel. 
 Pedro II., emperor of Brazil, XIII. 223. See 
 Brazil, III. 232, 1 ab. 
 
 Pedro the Cruel [Sp. pa'-ZAro], king of Cas¬ 
 tile and Leon, XIII. 223; II. 694, 1 c. 
 
 Pedro, Dom, duke of Coimbra, regent of Por¬ 
 tugal, XIII. 224. 
 
 Pedro III., of Aragon, XI. 208, 2 a. 
 
 Pedrotti, Carlo, Italian composer, XIII. 224. 
 Peebles, town of Scotland, XIII. 224, 1 be. 
 Peeblesshire, county of Scotland, XIII. 224. 
 Peekskill, village of New York, XIII. 224. 
 Peel, county of Canada, XIII. 224. 
 
 Peel, Sir Robert, English manufacturer, XIII. 
 224. Sir Robert, statesman, 2 b. Sir Rob¬ 
 ert (3d), 225, 2 a. Frederick, ib. 
 
 Peele, George, dramatist, XIII. 225. 
 
 “ Peelers nickname, XIII. 224, 2 c. 
 
PEEL ISLAND 
 
 PELOPIUM 
 
 585 
 
 Peel island , III. 67, 2 be (Bonin Islands). 
 
 j Peep, bird, XIV. 599, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Peeper, fish, X. 556, 1 be. 
 
 Peeping Tom: see Coventry, V. 438, 2 a. 
 
 Peer, XIII. 225. Peeress, 226, 1 a. See Par¬ 
 liament, 113, 1 b, ff. 
 
 Peerage, benefit of, II. 521, 1 c. See Peer. 
 
 Peerysville, county seat, X. 780, 2 a. 
 
 Peet, Harvey Prindle, instructor of the deaf 
 and dumb, XIII. 226. Isaac, 1 c. 
 
 Peeters [pa'-terce]: see Peters, Bonaventura. 
 
 Peet-ieeet , bird, XV. 583, 2 c. 
 
 Peg'asus, in mythology, XIII. 226. 
 
 Pegasus (ichthyology), X. 635, 1 c. 
 
 Pegging machine, for shoes, XIV. 875, 2 a. 
 
 Pegu', division of British Burmah, XIII. 226. 
 Town, 2 c. 
 
 Pehlevi Language [pa-la-ve'] : see Iranic 
 Races and Languages, IX. 347, 2 c, and 
 Zend-Avesta, XVI. 810, 1 c. 
 
 Pehtsik, Indians, X. 22, 1 b. 
 
 Pei-ho [pa-ho'], river of China, XIII. 226. 
 
 Peine Forte et Dure [pain fort a dure], mode 
 of torture, XIII. 227. 
 
 Peinture mate [pa ng -tiir mat], a method of 
 painting, XVI. 617, 2 be. 
 
 Peipus, Lake [peh'-e-poos], Russia, XIII. 227. 
 
 Peirce, Benjamin [peerce or puree], American 
 mathematician, XIII. 228. See Mathemat¬ 
 ics, XI. 274, 1 be, 275, 1 ab. 
 
 Peirce, Bradford Kinney, clergyman, XIII. 228. 
 
 Peishwa [paish'-wa], title of a Mahratta chief, 
 XI. 26, 2 c. 
 
 PeJcan', animal, VII. 223, 1 b. 
 
 Pe'kin, city of Illinois, XIII. 228. 
 
 Pekin, China: see Peking. 
 
 Peking', capital of China, XIII. 229. Western 
 gate (ill.). Divisions, 2 a. Kin-ching, 2 b. 
 Hwang-ching, 230, 1 be. Tartar city (Nui- 
 ching), 2 be; temple of heaven, 231,1 c (ill.). 
 Chinese city (Wai-ching), 2 a. Climate^ 
 232, 1 b. Industries, 1 be. Government, 
 1 c. “ Peking Gazette,” 2 a. Environs, 2 b. 
 Summer palace, 2 c; destruction of, ib., and 
 IV. 463, 1 c. History, XIII. 233, 1 a. 
 
 Pekoe: see Tea, XV. 600, 2 a. 
 
 Pela, Chinese wax, XVI. 515, 2 be. 
 
 Pelagia: see Isis. 
 
 Pelagianism: see Pelagius. 
 
 Pelagius, sectary, XIII. 234; XI. 729, 2 be. 
 
 Pelagius: see Pelayo (Index). 
 
 Pelagius (zoology), XIV. 732, 2 be. P. mona- 
 chus, 2 c. 
 
 Pelagonia, diocese in Turkey, Xl/734, 2 a. 
 
 Pelagonius, his Latin translation of the Bible 
 referred to, X. 200, 1 b. 
 
 PeVagus Scyth'icum : see Baltic Sea. 
 
 PeVamys sarda (ichthyology), III. 68, 2 a. P. 
 Chiliensis, ib. 
 
 Pelargonium: see Geranium, VII. 732, 1 b. 
 P. inquinans, 2 c (ill.). P. zonale, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Pelasgians, early race, XIII. 234. Monu¬ 
 ments, 235, 1 b; I. 653, 1 a. Pelasgic ele¬ 
 ment in Greek civilization, VIII. 207, 1 ab, 
 b, be; in Latin, X. 186, 2 c. Pelasgic na¬ 
 tions referred to, X. 406, 2 b. 
 
 Pelayo [pa-la'-yo]: see Asturias, II. 48, 1 a. 
 
 Pelecanoi'des (ornithology), XIII. 366, 1 a. 
 
 Peleca'nus (ornithology), XIII. 235, 2 b. P. 
 onocrotalus, 236, 1 a (ill.). P. crispus, 2 a. 
 P. trachyrhynchus (erythrorhynchus), 2 b 
 (ill.). P. fuscus, 237, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Peleiades [pe-le-l'-a-deez] : see Achilles, I. 
 64, 2 a. 
 
 Peleus [pe'-luce], father of Achilles, I. 64, 2 a. 
 
 Pelew Islands, N. Pacific ocean, XIII. 235. 
 
 Pelham : see Newcastle, or Newcastle- 
 under-Lyme. 
 
 Pel'ican, bird, XIII. 235. White, 236, 1 a 
 (ill.); American white, 2 b (ill.); brown, 
 237, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Pelican “ in her piety ,” in heraldry, VIII. 673, 
 1 c. (See plate.) 
 
 Pelides [pe-li'-deez]: see Achilles, I. 64, 2 a. 
 
 Pelig'ni, ancient people of Italy, XIII. 237. 
 
 Peligot [puh-le-go], (Eugene Melchior, born 
 1812, professor of chemistry and mint as- 
 sayer), on alcohols (with Dumas), I. 265, 2 b. 
 
 Pelion, mountain range of Thessaly, XIII. 238. 
 
 Pelissier, Amable Jean Jacques [pa-le-se-a], 
 marshal of France and duke of Malakoff, 
 XIII. 238; I. 306, 2 b, c. 
 
 Pellegrini , Pellegrino [pel-la-gre'-ne]: see Ti- 
 baldi, Pellegrino. 
 
 Pellegrino, Monte, Palermo, XII. 821, 2 a. 
 
 Pellet , in heraldry, VIII. 672, 2 c. 
 
 Pelletan, Pierre Clement Eugene [pel-ta ng ], 
 French author, XIII. 238. 
 
 Pelletier, Laurent Joseph [pel-te-a], painter, 
 XIII. 238. 
 
 Pellew, Edward: see Exmouth. 
 
 Pellico, Silvio, Italian patriot and author, 
 XIII. 238. 
 
 Pells, clerkship of the, XIII. 553, 1 a. 
 
 Pelobius: see Bathybius, II. 391, 1 b. 
 
 Pelce’mia: see Murrain, XII. 60, 1 ab. 
 
 Pelop'idas, Theban general, XIII. 239. 
 
 Pelopium, supposed metal, XI. 419, 2 be. 
 
586 
 
 PELOPONNESIAN 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA 
 
 Peloponnesian war , VIII. 191, 2 b, ff. Re¬ 
 ferred to, V. 354, 1 a. 
 
 Peloponnesus, peninsula of Greece, XIII. 239. 
 
 Pe'lops, in Grecian mythology, XIII. 240. 
 
 Pelouze, Th6ophile Jules [puh-looz], French 
 chemist, XIII. 240. 
 
 Pelta, a shield, XIV. 853, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Peltastce , Greek troops, XIV. 853, 2 b; IX. 
 343, 1 b; I. 738, 2 c, 740, 1 b. 
 
 Pelusiac arm of the Pile, XII. 452,1 a. Traces 
 of, II. 483, 1 ab (Pelusian). 
 
 Pelvis, in anatomy, XIII. 240. Male pelvis, 
 242, 1 a (ill., 241) ; female, ib. (ill., 241); of 
 monkey, 242, 1 b (ill.). Ossa innominata, 
 240, 2 c (ill., 241). Cavity of, 242,1 c; XII. 
 568, 2 c. 
 
 Pembekton, John C., American soldier, XIII. 
 242. 
 
 Pembina [pem'-be-na], two counties, XIII. 242. 
 
 Pembina , county seat, XIII. 242, 2 b. 
 
 Pembroke , county seat, XIV. 270, 2 c. 
 
 Pembroke, borough of Wales, XIII. 242. 
 
 Pembroke, Countess of: see Sidney, Sir Philip, 
 XV. 25, 2 b. 
 
 Pembroke, Earl of: see Herbert, William. 
 
 Pembrokeshire, county of Wales, XIII. 242. 
 
 Pemigewasset river [pem-e-je-wos'-set], New 
 Hampshire, XII. 292, 2 c. 
 
 Pem'iscot, county, XIII. 243. 
 
 Pemmican, preserved meat, XIII. 243. 
 
 Pen, instrument for writing, XIII. 243 (ills.). 
 
 Pen , female swan, XV. 500, 2 a. 
 
 PeSafort, or Pefiaforte [pa-nya-fore'-ta]: see 
 Pennafort. 
 
 Penalties and forfeitures , relief from in chan¬ 
 cery, IV. 258, 2 be. 
 
 Penance, in the church, XIII. 244. 
 
 Penang', island, strait of Malacca, XIII. 245. 
 Penang lawyers, a kind of cane, 21, 1 a. 
 
 Penates [pe-na'-teez], Roman divinities, XIII. 
 245 ; VII. 63, 2 b. 
 
 Pencil, XIII. 245. Lead pencil, 2 c. Hair, ib.: 
 see Brush, III. 366, 2 c. 
 
 Pendennis castle, VII. 76, 2 c. 
 
 Penden'te li'te, in law, I. 319, 2 a. 
 
 Penden'tives, in architecture, I. 661, 2 a, c. 
 
 Pendleton, two counties, XIII. 246. 
 
 Pendleton, county seat, XVI. 107, 2 a. 
 
 Pendleton, Edmund, statesman, XIII. 246. 
 
 Pends d’Oreilles [Fr. pa ng do-ray’]: see Kalis- 
 pels. 
 
 Pendulum : see Clocks and Watches, IV. 696, 
 2 c, ff., and Mechanics, XI. 317, 2 a, 324, 
 2 a, ff. (ills.). As a motor, IV. 700, 2 ab. 
 
 Of a watch, 2 c. Isochronism of its vibra¬ 
 tions discovered, VII. 566, 2 ab. Use of in 
 measuring gravity, VIII. 176, 1 c. Value 
 of the seconds pendulum at different places, 
 2 c. Use of in determining the density of 
 the earth, VI. 357, 1 a; for determining its 
 rotary motion (Foucault’s experiment), 358, 
 2 c. Invention of the pendulum clock, IX. 
 97, 2 b. 
 
 Pendulum, Horizontal, XIII. 246 (ills., 247). 
 Penelope [pe-nel'-o-pe], (ornithology) : see 
 Guan, VIII. 278, 1 b. P. cristata, 1 c (ill.). 
 Penelope, wife of Ulysses, XIII. 248. 
 
 Penestce, Thessalian serfs, XV. 702, 2 be. 
 Pene'us, river, XV. 702, 2 a; X. 171, 1 c. 
 Penguin, bird, XIII. 248. King penguin, 2 c 
 (ill.). Crested penguin, 249, 2 a- (ill.). Cape 
 or jackass penguin, 2 be (ill.). Magellanic 
 penguin, 2 c. 
 
 Penha convent [pa'-nya], Portugal, IV. 602, 
 
 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Penicillium (botany), VII. 532, 2 a; 529, 2 a. 
 P. crustaceum, as a ferment, 143, 2 be, 145, 
 
 2 b (ills.). P. glaucum, XVI. 359, 2 c. 
 Penikese Island : see Elizabeth Islands, VI. 
 
 537, 2 b. Anderson school of natural his¬ 
 tory, ib. (Discontinued after 1874.) 
 Peninsular war, the , III. 43, 1 b; XI. 262, 
 1 be; XV. 213, 2 be; XVI. 548, 2 c. 
 Penitential, the: see Penance, XIII. 245,1 a. 
 Penitentiary, house of correction, XIV. 12,1 c. 
 Penn, Granville, English author, XIII. 250. 
 Penn, Sir William, admiral, XIII. 250. 
 
 Penn, William, founder of Pennsylvania, XIII. 
 250; XVI. 151, 2 ab. Provision for public 
 schools, XIII. 267, 2 b. Attack on the fa¬ 
 natics Muggleton and Reeve, XII. 27, 1 a. 
 His views of the Trinity, VII. 496, 1 b. 
 Pennacooks : see Massachusetts Indians, and 
 I. 19, 2 c. 
 
 Pennafort, Raymond de, Saint, XIII. 253. 
 Pennant, Thomas, English naturalist, XIII.253. 
 Pennant’s Marten : see Fisher, VII. 223, 1 b. 
 Pennatula'cea, XIII. 689, 2 a (Polyp). 
 Pennoncel, a small flag, IV. 496, 2 c. 
 Pennsylvania, state, XIII. 254. State seal 
 (ill.). Population, 2 c. Topography, 255, 
 
 1 c. Hydrography, 2 a, c. Geology and 
 minerals, 256, 1 b. Soil, 257, 2 be. Flora, 
 
 2 c. Climate, 258, 1 ab. Agriculture, 1 be. 
 Mineral products, 259, 1 a. Manufactures, 
 2 c. Commerce, 261, 1 a. Railroads and 
 canals, ib. Banks, &c., 263, 1 c. Govern¬ 
 ment, 264, 1 a. Finances, 265, 1 a. Public 
 
PENNSYLVANIA 
 
 PERCEVAL 
 
 587 
 
 institutions, 2 c. Education, 267, 2 b. Li¬ 
 braries, newspapers, &c., 270, 1 a. Re¬ 
 ligious organizations, 1 b. History, 2 a; 
 XVI. 151, 2 ab. Confederate invasion in 
 1863: see Gettysburg, Battle of; raid in 
 1864: see Chambersburg. See Penn, Wil¬ 
 liam, XIII. 251, 2 a. Origin of name, ib. 
 
 Pennsylvania, university of, XIII. 401,1 be (ill.). 
 
 Pennsylvania bank, establishment of, XII. 792, 
 1 b. 
 
 Pennsylvania castle, referred to, XIII. 730,1 c. 
 
 Pennsylvania Dutch, dialect, XIV. 227, 2 c. 
 
 Penny, coin, XIII. 271. 
 
 Penny , measure of nails, XII. 125, 2 c. 
 
 Penny dog, fish, XIV. 828, 1 c. 
 
 Penny universities , coffee houses so called, X. 
 607, 2 b. 
 
 Penn Yan, village of New York, XIII. 271. 
 
 Pennyroyal, species of mint, XIII. 271. 
 American pennyroyal, 2 c (ill., 272). 
 
 Penob'scot, river of Maine, XIII. 272. 
 
 Penobscot, county, XIII. 272. 
 
 Penobscots and Passamaquoddies, Indians, 
 XIII. 272 ; I. 20, 1 a. See Eteohemins. 
 
 Pensacola, city of Florida, XIII. 272. 
 
 Pensacola Bay, XIII. 273. 
 
 Pension, XIII. 274. Pensions in the United 
 States, 1 ab; in Great Britain, 275, 1 a; in 
 France, 2 b ; in other countries, 2 c. 
 
 Pensionary, Grand, officer of the Dutch re¬ 
 public, XIII. 276 ; XII. 249, 1 b. 
 
 Pentac'rinite, referred to, VI. 593, 1 a, 2 a. 
 
 Pentacrinus caput-medusa} (zoology), V. 491, 
 1 c; VI. 593, 2 a. 
 
 Pentap'olis, Cyrenaic, V. 617, 2 a; Dorian, 
 VI. 216, 1 a; Italian, XIII. 41, 1 c; Syra¬ 
 cusan, XV. 541, 2 ab. 
 
 Pentas'tomum (epizoa), VI. 694, 2 b. 
 
 Pentateuch [pen'-ta-tuke], division of the Old 
 Testament, XIII. 276. Hebrew text: see 
 Samaritans, XIV. 590, 1 b. 
 
 Pentat'oma (entomology), VIII. 629, 2 a. P. 
 griseum, ib. 
 
 Pentecost, religious festival, XIII. 276. 
 
 Pentheus [pen'-thuce], legendary, IV. 614,1 c; 
 II. 193, 2 a. 
 
 Pentlandite, ore of nickel, XII. 432, 1 a. 
 
 Penumbra: see Sun, XV. 471, 2 c. 
 
 Penza, government of Russia, XIII. 277. Capi¬ 
 tal city, 1 b. 
 
 Penzance', seaport of England, XIII. 277. 
 
 Pe'on [Sp. pa-oan'], laborer, XIII. 277. 
 
 Peony: soe P^eony. 
 
 “ People''s charter see Chartism. 
 
 Peoria, county, XIII. 277. 
 
 Peoria, city of Illinois, XIII. 277. 
 
 Peorias, Indian tribe, IX. 180, 2 c; 181, 1 c. 
 Peperino [pa-pa-re'-no], volcanic rock, XIV. 
 410, 1 c. 
 
 Pe'pin, county, XIII. 278. 
 
 Pep'in of Heristal (the Fat), duke of the 
 Franks, XIII. 278. Origin of his surname, 
 X. 417, 1 a. Pepin the Short, first Carlo- 
 vingian king, XIII. 278, 1 c; III. 793, 2 b. 
 Pepin I., king of Aquitania, XIII. 278. Pepin 
 II., 279, 1 a. 
 
 Pep'lus of Athena Polias, XIII. 34, 2 a. 
 
 Pepo, kind of fruit, XIII. 591, 1 ab. 
 
 Pepoli, Carlo [pa'-po-le], Italian author, XIII. 
 279. 
 
 Pepoli, Gioachino, marquis, Italian statesman, 
 XIII. 279. 
 
 Pepper, plant and fruit, XIII. 279 (ill.). Long 
 pepper, 280, 2 a. False pepper, tree, 281,1 b. 
 Pepper coast, of Africa, X. 57, 1 ab. 
 
 Pepperell, Sir William, American general, 
 XIII. 280. 
 
 Pepperellboro' : see Saco, XIV. 510, 2 c. 
 Pepperer, dealer in spices, XIII. 280, 1 a. 
 Pepper Grass, plant, XIII. 280. 
 
 Pepperidge : see Black Gum, II. 679, 1 c. 
 Peppermint : see Mint, XI. 615, 1 b. 
 Peppermint, tree, XVI. 345, 1 a. 
 
 Pepper Tree, XIII. 281 (ill.). 
 
 Pepsin, digestive substance, XIII. 281; VI. 
 
 105, 1 c. Pepsines, XIII. 281, 2 b. 
 
 Pepsin wine, XIII. 281, 2 be. 
 
 Peptones, VI. 106, 1 b; IV. 349, 2 be; XIV. 
 31, 1 c. 
 
 Pepusch, Johann Christoph [pa'-poosli], Ger¬ 
 man composer, XIII. 282. 
 
 Pepuzia'ni , a sect, XI. 775, 1 ab (Montanists). 
 Pep'ys, Charles Christopher: see Cotteniiam. 
 Pepys, Samuel, English author, XIII. 282. 
 Pepysian library, XIII. 282, 2 b. 
 
 Pequods : see Pequots. 
 
 Pequots, Indian tribe, XIII. 282 ; XI. 701,1 a. 
 Pequot war: see Pequots, and XI. 242, 1 b; 
 VIII. 489, 1 ab. 
 
 Pera [pa'-ra]: see Constantinople, V. 277,1 a. 
 Peracyon [per-as'-e-on], (zoology), XV. 731, 
 2 b. P. Harrissii, 732, 1 a. 
 
 Per^'a, division of Palestine, XIII. 283 ; 8,1 b. 
 Peram'bulator: see Odometer. 
 
 Perame'les (zoblogy) : see Bandicoot. 
 
 Perea (ichthyology), XIII. 283, 2 b. P. flaves- 
 cens, 2 c. P. fluviatilis, ib. 
 
 Perceval, Caussin de : see Caussin. 
 
588 
 
 PERCEVAL 
 
 PERIOSTEUM 
 
 Perceval, Spencer, English statesman, XIII. 
 
 283. 
 
 Perch, fish, XIII. 283. Fresh-water perch, 
 2 b. Sea perches, 284, 1 a. Salt-water 
 perch, 1 b (ill.). Red, VIII. 368, 1 b. Pond, 
 III. 239, 2 c. River, II. 368, 2 a. White, ib. 
 Perch , of the deer, V. 756, 2 b. 
 
 Perciie, Le [luh pairsh], ancient division of 
 France, XIII. 284. 
 
 Percheron [pair-shro ng ], draught horse, XIII. 
 
 284, 2 a. 
 
 Perchta [pair k h'-ta], XII. 120, 2 a. See Hertha. 
 Per'cidce (ichthyology), XIII. 283, 2 a. 
 
 Percival , Sir, legendary knight, VIII. 136, 1 a. 
 Percival, James Gates, American poet, XIII. 
 284. 
 
 Percival, Thomas, English physician, XIII.284. 
 Percussion, in medicine: see Auscultation, 
 II. 126, 1 ab. 
 
 Percussion , in reed organ, XIV. 243, 1 a. 
 Percussion Cap : see Explosives, VII. 39,1c; 
 XIII. 762, 1 a. 
 
 Percussion loch , introduction of, I. 750, 2 a. 
 Percussion table , in metallurgy, XI. 424, 1 c. 
 Percy, English historical family, XIII. 285. 
 Percy, Thomas, bishop, XIII. 286. 
 
 Perdic'cas, Macedonian general, XIII. 286. 
 Perdicidce [per-dis'-e-de], (ornithology), XIII. 
 141, 2 c. 
 
 Perdici'nce (ornithology), XIII. 141, 2 c. 
 Perdido [per-de'-do], river and bay, XIII. 286. 
 Perdix (ornithology), XIII. 142, 1 a; VIII. 
 
 272, 2 b. P. cinerea, XIII. 142, 1 c (ill.). 
 Perdix, alleged inventor of the saw, XIV. 651, 
 1 b. 
 
 Pere Duchesne [pair dii-shain]: see Hubert, 
 Jacques Ren6. 
 
 Pere Hyacinthe: see Loyson, Charles. 
 Peregrine Falcon [per'-e-grin]: see Falcon, 
 VII. 67, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Pereira, Jacob Rodriguez [pa-ra'-ra], Spanish 
 deaf-mute instructor, XIII. 286 ; V. 733, 1 b. 
 Pereira, Jonathan, English pharmacologist, 
 XIII. 286. 
 
 Pereira da Silva, Joao Manoel, Brazilian his¬ 
 torian, XIII. 287. 
 
 Pereira de Souza : see Caldas Pereira de 
 Souza. 
 
 P&reire, Emile and Isaac [pa-rair], French 
 financiers, XIII. 287. 
 
 Perekop', town of Russia, XIII. 287. 
 
 Pere Marquette , county seat, XI. 240, 1 ab. 
 Perennial flax, plant, X. 514, 2 a. 
 Perennibranchiate (batrachians), I. 436, 1 c. 
 
 Peres de la foi [pair dub la fwa], IX. 632, 1 a. 
 Perez, Antonio [pa'-raith], Spanish statesman, 
 XIII. 287. 
 
 Perfecti, class of Catharists, IV. 116, 2 a. 
 Perfecting machines, in printing, XIII. 853, 2 a. 
 Per'pume, XIII. 288. Perfumery, 1 a. 
 Per'gamus, or Pergamum, name of the citadel 
 of Troy, XIII. 290. Ancient city, 2 b. Ruins 
 of, 291, 1 b (ill.); II. 554, 2 a. 
 
 Pergolesi [pair-go-la'-ze], or Pergolese, Gio¬ 
 vanni Battista, Italian composer, XIII. 291. 
 Pergusa, lake of, IV. 90, 1 be. 
 
 Peri : see Fairies, VII. 63, 1 b. 
 
 Peri [pa'-re], Italian composer, XII. 89, 1 b; 
 90, 1 a. 
 
 Peri, fish, VIII. 301, 2 c. 
 
 Perian'der, tyrant of Corinth, XIII. 291. 
 Perianth, in plants, XIII. 586, 1 c. 
 Pericarditis : see Heart, Diseases of the, 
 VIII. 560, 2 b ; 558, 1 a; 559,1 b ; 562, 2 a. 
 Pericardium, membrane, VIII. 558, 1 a; 559, 
 
 1 b ; 560, 2 b. 
 
 Pericarp, in plants, XIII. 590, 2 b. 
 
 Periclase, mineral, X. 851, 2 ab. 
 
 Pericles [p&r'-e-kleez], Athenian statesman, 
 XIII. 292. Age of, so styled, II. 66, 1 a. 
 Pericles, his son, II. 19, 2 b. See Aspasia. 
 Periderme [per'-e-derm], of bark, II. 313, 2 c. 
 Peridi'na, class of animalcules, I. 515, 1 b. 
 Peridium, in fungi, VII. 529, 1 be. 
 
 Peridot , scoria (chrysolite), I. 145, 1 a. 
 
 Perier, Casimir [pair-ya], French statesman, 
 XIII. 293. Auguste Casimir Victor Laurent 
 (Casimir-Perier), statesman, 2 b. 
 
 Perier's experiments on atmospheric pressure, 
 II. 326, 1 b. 
 
 Perigee [per'-e-je], in astronomy, XIII. 293. 
 Pjerigord [pa-re-gor], ancient division of Franee, 
 XIII. 294. 
 
 Perigueux [pa-re-guh], town, XIII. 294. 
 Perihelion, in astronomy, XIII. 294. 
 
 Perillus, Athenian artist, XIII. 379, 2 c. 
 
 Perim [pa-reem'], island, Red sea, XIII. 294. 
 Perine’al operation, for the stone, XV. 398, 2 b. 
 Period of grace, in the inquisition, IX. 294, 1 c. 
 Periodical Literature, XIII. 294. In France, 
 
 2 a ; Great Britain, 295,1 a ; Germany, 296, 
 2 b; Italy, 297, 1 b; Spain and Portugal, 
 2 a ; Holland and Belgium, 2 c; Switzerland, 
 298, 1 b ; Scandinavia, ib. ; Russia, 2 b; Po¬ 
 land, Bohemia, and Hungary, 299, 1 b; 
 Greece, 1 c; India, 2 a; United States, 2 b. 
 
 Perioe'ci, Laconians, XV. 231, 2 a, b. 
 Perios'teum : see Bone, III. 58, 2 ab, 60,1 ab. 
 
PERIPATETIC 
 
 PERSEUS 
 
 589 
 
 Peripatetic Piulosopiiy : sec Aristotle, I. 
 
 706, 1 b, and XIII. 438, 2 a. 
 
 Peripatetic school , in Athens, VIII. 214, 2 a. 
 Peripatetics , school of philosophers, X. 741, 2 a. 
 Perip'loca Grceca (botany), XI. 546, 2 b. 
 Periplus of Hanno, VIII. 444, 2 b. 
 Peripneumonia: see Pneumonia. 
 
 Perisoreus Canadensis (ornithology), IX. 579,2 c. 
 Perisperm , of plants, XIII. 575, 2 c. 
 
 Perissad , in chemistry, II. 89, 1 ab; IV. 371, 
 
 1 be; XI. 585, 1 b; XII. 479, 1 b. 
 Perissodactyl: see Perissodactyla (Index). 
 Perissodac'tyla (zoology), XII. 816, 1 b; I. 797, 
 
 2 c; XVI. 111,1 a. 
 
 Peristeria : see Holy Spirit Plant. 
 Periihecia , in fungi, VII. 531, 2 be; 532, 1 b. 
 Peritone'um, membrane, XIII. 302; I. 462, 
 
 1 c; 15, 2 a. Referred to, II. 686, 2 a, b. 
 Peritonitis, disease, XIII. 302. Puerperal 
 
 peritonitis, XIV. 69, 1 be. 
 
 Perivascular cavities , of the brain, IX. 307,1 a. 
 Periwig: see Wig. 
 
 Periwinkle, in zoology, XIII. 304 (ills.). 
 Periwinkle, in botany, XIII. 304. Common, 
 
 2 b (ill.). Madagascar, 305, 1 b (ill., 304). 
 Perjury, in law, XIII. 305. 
 
 “ PerJcinismf curative system, XIII. 306, 1 b. 
 Perkins, Elisha, American physician, inventor 
 of the metallic tractors, XIII. 306. 
 
 Perkins, George Roberts, mathematician, XIII. 
 
 306. (Died 1876.) 
 
 Perkins, Jacob, inventor, XIII. 306. See En¬ 
 graving, VI. 653, 2 b, 654,1 b. His trans¬ 
 ferring process, 653, 1 b. 
 
 Perkins, Justin, missionary, XIII. 306. 
 Perkins, Thomas Handasyd, merchant, XIII. 
 
 307. 
 
 Perkins institute and Massachusetts asylum for 
 the blind, III. 123, 2 b; XIII. 307, 1 be. 
 Perm, government of Russia, XIII. 307. Capi¬ 
 tal city, 2 b. 
 
 Permanganates: see Manganese, XI. 103, 2 a, c. 
 Permessus , river god, I. 172, 2 b. 
 
 Permiaks, Finnish tribe, VII. 206, 2 be. 
 Permian branch of the Finns , VII. 206, 2 ab. 
 Permian rocks, VII. 697, 1 b ; XII. 51, 2 a. 
 
 “Permissive bill:' 1 ' 1 see Total Abstinence, 
 XV. 819, 1 c. 
 
 Permutation: see Combinations, V. 135, 2 a. 
 Pernambuco, province of Brazil, XIII. 307. 
 
 Capital city: see Recife. 
 
 Pernambuco wood , III. 232, 2 c. 
 
 Pernau [pair'-now], town of Russia, XIII. 308. 
 Pernis (ornithology), X. 19, 2 c. P. apivorus, ib. 
 
 Peron, Francois [pa-r6 ng ], French traveller, 
 XIII. 308. 
 
 Peronne [pa-riin], town of France, XIII. 308. 
 
 Peronos'pora (botany), VIII. 164, 2 a. P. in- 
 festans, XIII. 771, 2 b. P. vicia3, XI. 535,1 a. 
 P. gangliformis, 1 b. 
 
 Peroph'ora (entomology), XI. 869, 2 be. 
 
 Perouse, La: see La Perouse. 
 
 Perpetual league of the eight old places of the 
 confederacy , in Swiss history, XV. 530,1 ab. 
 
 Perpetual Motion, XIII. 308. Sketch by 
 Wilars de Honecourt, 2 a (ill.). Capra’s 
 machine, 2 c (ill., 309). 
 
 Perpignan [pair-pe-nya ng ], France, XIII. 309. 
 
 Perquim'ans, county, XIII. 309. 
 
 Perraud, Jean Joseph [pa-ro], French sculptor, 
 XIII. 309. (Died 1876.) 
 
 Perkault, Charles [pa-ro], author, XIII. 310. 
 Claude, physician and architect, 1 b. 
 
 Perrenot, Antoine [pair-no]: see Granvelle. 
 
 Perretti, Felice (Pope Sixtus V.), XV. 74, 1 b. 
 
 Perriere [pair-yair], early form of the cannon, 
 III. 706, 2 b. 
 
 Perron [pa-ro ng ], French adventurer, allusions 
 to, I. 314, 2 a, ab; 191, 2 a. 
 
 Perron, Anquetil du: see Anquetil-Duperron. 
 
 Perrone, Giovanni [pair-ro'-na], Italian theolo¬ 
 gian, XIII. 310. 
 
 Perroniana, I. 448, 2 c (Ana). 
 
 Perrot, Georges [pa-ro], French archaeologist, 
 XIII. 310. 
 
 Perrotine, calico printing machine, III. 595,2 be. 
 
 Perry , a kind of liquor, XIII. 213, 1 c. 
 
 Perry, name of ten counties, XIII. 310. 
 
 Perry , county seats, IX. 14, 2 ab; XV. 591, 2 b. 
 
 Perry, Arthur Latham, American political 
 economist, XIII. 311; 677, 2 b. 
 
 Perry, Christopher Baymond, naval officer, 
 XIII. 312. Oliver Hazard, commodore, 1 ab. 
 Matthew Calbraith, commodore, 2 ab. His 
 expedition to Japan, IX. 545, 1 c. 
 
 Perryville, county seats, XIII. 311, 1 b, 2 c. 
 
 Perryville, battle of, III. 405, 2 c; IX. 805, 2 be. 
 
 Persano, Carlo Pelion, count [pair-sa'-no], 
 Italian admiral, XIII. 312. 
 
 Persephone [per-sef'-o-ne]: see Proserpine. 
 
 Persep'olis, ancient capital of Persia, XIII. 
 312. Euins, 313, 1 a (ill.). Destruction of, 
 referred to, XV. 681, 2 a. Inscriptions at: 
 see Cuneiform Inscriptions, V. 574, 2 b. 
 
 Perserin : see Pkiskend. 
 
 Perses : see Perseus, king. 
 
 Perseus [per'-suce], Grecian legendary hero, 
 XIII. 314. 
 
590 
 
 PERSEUS 
 
 PETECHIAL 
 
 Perseus, last king of Macedon, XIII. 314. 
 
 Persia, country of Asia, XIII. 314. (Map.) 
 Divisions, 2 a. Topography, 2 be. Coasts, 
 315, 1 c. Hydrography, 2 a. Geology, 2 c. 
 Minerals, 316, 1 b. Climate, 1 c. Flora, 
 2 be. Soil and agriculture, 317,1 ab. Fauna, 
 2 a. Population, 2 c. Cities, 319, 1 b. An¬ 
 tiquities, 2 be. Religion, 2 c. Commerce 
 and manufactures, 320, 1 c. Intercommuni¬ 
 cation, 2 b. Education, 2 c. Government, 
 321, 1 b. History, 2 b. See Iranic Races 
 and Languages. 
 
 Persia, Language and Literature of, XIII. 324. 
 Literature, 326, 1 ab. 
 
 Persian Gulf, XIII. 328. 
 
 Persiani, Fanny [pair-se-a'-ne], Italian vocal¬ 
 ist, XIII. 328. 
 
 Persian Powder, XIII. 328. 
 
 Persian war: see Greece, VIII. 189, 1 c. 
 
 Persica vulgaris (botany), XIII. 204, 2 c. 
 
 Persigny, Jean Gilbert Victor Fialin, duke de 
 [pair-se-nye], French politician, XIII. 328; 
 III. 50, 2 a. 
 
 Persimmon : see Date Plum, V. 700,1 b (ill.). 
 
 Persis, in ancient geography, XIII. 329. 
 
 Persius Flacous, Aulus, Roman poet, XIII. 
 329; X. 197, 1 a. 
 
 Person, county, XIII. 329. 
 
 Personal Equation, XIII. 329. 
 
 Persons, Robert, English theologian, XIII. 330. 
 
 Perspective : see Drawing, VI. 250, 2 c. 
 
 Perspiration, XIII. 331. Perspiratory glands, 
 1 be (ill.). 
 
 Perth, county, XIII. 331. 
 
 Perth , county seat, X. 133, 2 c. 
 
 Perth, city of Scotland, XIII. 331 (view, 332). 
 
 Perth, city of Australia, XIII. 332. 
 
 Perth Amboy', city of Mew Jersey, XIII. 332. 
 
 Perthes, Friedrich Christoph [pair'-tess], Ger¬ 
 man publisher, XIII. 332. Johann Georg 
 Justus, 333, 1 a. Wilhelm, ib. Bernhard 
 Wilhelm, ib. Justus Perthes, firm of, 1 ab. 
 
 Perthshire, county of Scotland, XIII. 333. 
 
 Pertinax (Helvius, 126-193, general, consul, 
 and prefect of Rome), Roman emperor 
 (three months), XIV. 408, 1 ab. 
 
 Perty, Joseph Anton Maximilian [pair'-te], 
 German naturalist, XIII. 333. 
 
 Peru', city of Indiana, XIII. 333. 
 
 Peru, city of Illinois, XIII. 333. 
 
 Peru (Sp. Peru , pa-roo'), republic of South 
 America, XIII. 333. Divisions and popula¬ 
 tion, 334, 1 a. Coast, 1 c. Surface, 2 be. 
 Rivers, 335, 2 c. Geology and minerals, 
 
 336, 1 c. Climate, 337, 1 b. Flora, 338, 
 
 1 a. Fauna, 2 b. Inhabitants, 339, 1 a. 
 Industries, 2 a. Commerce, 2 b. Inter¬ 
 communication, 340,1 c. Government, 2 c. 
 Finances, 341, 1 b. Public institutions, 
 banks, &c., 1 be. Education, 1 c. Religion, 
 
 2 a. History, ib. Spanish conquest, 342, 
 2 b. War of independence, 343, 2 be. An¬ 
 tiquities, I. 398, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Perugia [pa-roo'-ja], province of Italy, XIII. 
 
 344. City, 345, 1 c (view). History, 2 a. 
 Perugino, Pietro [pa-roo-je'-no], Italian paint¬ 
 er, XIII. 345. 
 
 Perugio: see Bartoli, Pietro Santo. 
 
 Perun [pa-roon'], Slavic deity, referred to, 
 XV. 104, 2 a. 
 
 Perusia, ancient city : see Perugia. 
 
 Peruvian Bark : see Cinchona. 
 
 Peruvian current , XII. 781,1 c. Temperature 
 of, VII. 556, 2 be. 
 
 Peruzzi, Baldassare da Siena [pa-root'-se], Ital¬ 
 ian architect, XIII. 346. 
 
 Peruzzi, Ubaldino, statesman, XIII. 346. 
 Pervin, a liquid, IV. 791, 1 a. 
 
 Pesaro [pa'-za-ro], city of Italy, XIII. 346. 
 Pesaro ed Urbino, province of Italy, XIII. 346. 
 Pescara [pes-ka'-ra]: see Avalos. 
 
 Peschel, Oskar Ferdinand [pa'-shel], German 
 geographer, XIII. 346. 
 
 Peschieka [pes-kya'-ra], fortress of Italy, XIII. 
 346. 
 
 Peshawer, or Peshawur [pesh-ow'-er], district 
 of India, XIII. 346. Capital, 2 c (ill., 347). 
 Peshito [pa-she'-to], the Syriac version of the 
 Bible, XV. 548, 1 c. 
 
 Pessehs , the , African race, X. 398, 2 b. 
 Pestalozzi, Johann Heinrich [pes-ta-lot'-se], 
 Swiss teacher, XIII. 347. His system, VI. 
 414, 1 b; applied to arithmetic, I. 708, 2 ab. 
 Pesth [pesht], county of Hungary, XIII. 348. 
 
 Capital city, 2 a. See Buda. 
 
 Pesto , site of Psestum, XII. 787, 2 b. 
 
 Pet'als , of plants, XIII. 585, 1 a; 586, 2 be. 
 Pet'asus , kind of hat, VIII. 509, 2 b. 
 
 Petau, Denis [puh-to], French chronologist, 
 XIII. 349. 
 
 Petaurus (zoology), XIII. 379, 1 c. P. tagua- 
 noides, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Petavius : see Petau. 
 
 Petchenegs, early race, XIV. 489, 1 ab. 
 Petcherskoi monastery , Kiev, IX. 830, 1 a (ill.). 
 Petcho'ra, river of Russia, XIII. 349. 
 
 Petechice [pe-te'-ke-e], in fever, VII. 169, 1 a. 
 Petechial fever , VII. 166, 2 c. 
 
PETEX 
 
 PETROLEUM 
 
 591 
 
 Peten [pa-tain'], district of Guatemala, XIII. 
 
 349. Island, 2 c. 
 
 Peter I., the Great, emperor of Russia, XIII. 
 
 350. Instructed by Boerhaave, II. 775, 2 b. 
 Referred to, XIY. 57, 2 a. His influence 
 on Russian language and literature, XIY. 
 496, 2 c. See Saardam. 
 
 Peter IT, emperor of Russia, XIII. 351. 
 Peter III., emperor of Russia, XIII. 351. See 
 Catharine II. 
 
 Peter, or Pedro, several monarchs of Castile, 
 Portugal, and Brazil, XIII. 351. See Pedro. 
 Peter, Hugh: see Peters, Hugh. 
 
 Peter, Saint, apostle, XIII. 351. 
 
 Peter of Blois, ecclesiastical writer, XIII. 353. 
 Peter Clayer [kla-vair'J, missionary, XIII. 353. 
 Peter the Hermit, apostle of the first crusade, 
 XIII. 353. Referred to, 361, 1 a. See Cru¬ 
 sades, Y. 528, 1 b, 2 b. 
 
 Peterborough, county of Canada, XIII. 354. 
 Town, 1 b. 
 
 Peterborough, city of England, XIII. 354. 
 Peterborough, Charles Mordaunt, earl of, 
 British soldier, XIII. 354. 
 
 Peterbote , mountain of Mauritius, XI. 291,1 be. 
 Peter of Colechurch: see Bridge, III. 271, 1 a. 
 Peterhead, town of Scotland, XIII. 355. 
 Peter de Leon , antipope (Anacletus II.), I. 451, 
 2 b; IX. 287, 2 a (Pietro di Leone). 
 Petebmann, August [pa'-ter-man], German ge¬ 
 ographer, XIII. 355. 
 
 Petermann, Julius Heinrich, orientalist, XIII. 
 355. (Died 1876.) 
 
 Peter Martyr: see Anghiera, and Yermigli. 
 Peter pence : see Peter’s Pence (Index). 
 
 Peter Pindar , pseudonyme, XYI. 694, 2 c. 
 Peter Porcupine , pseudonyme, IY. 768, 2 ab. 
 Peters, Bonaventura [pa'-terce], Flemish paint¬ 
 er, XIII. 355. 
 
 Peters, Christian August Friedrich, German 
 astronomer, XIII. 355. 
 
 Peters, Christian Henry Frederick, astrono¬ 
 mer, XIII. 355. "Wilhelm Karl Hartwig, 
 naturalist, 356, 1 b. 
 
 Peters, Hugh, English clergyman, XIII. 356. 
 Peters, John Charles, American physician, 
 XIII. 356. 
 
 Peters, Richard, jurist, XIII. 357. 
 
 Peters, Samuel Andrew, clergyman, XIII. 357. 
 Untrustworthiness as a historian, ib. ; II. 
 758, 2 c. 
 
 Petersburg, city of Yirginia, XIII. 357. 
 Petersburg , county seat, XI. 382, 1 b. 
 Petersburg, Siege of, XIII. 357 (plan, 359). 
 
 Petersburgh, county seat, XIII. 512, 1 a. 
 
 Peterson, county seat, IY. 651, 2 a. 
 
 Peter’s Pence, papal tax, XIII. 360 ; X. 346,1 b. 
 
 Peterwardein [pa'-ter-var-dine], fortress of 
 Hungary, XIII. 360 (ill.). 
 
 Petherick, John, English traveller, XIII. 361. 
 (Died 1877.) 
 
 Pethion [pa-te-o ng ]: see Petion de Yilleneuye. 
 
 Pet'igrtd, James Louis, American lawyer, XIII. 
 361. . 
 
 Petiole [pet'-e-ole], leaf stalk, X. 264,1 c ; 266, 
 
 1 a. 
 
 Petion [pa-te-o ng ], (Anne Alexandre Sabes), 
 president of Hayti, XIII. 361; YIII. 552,1 c. 
 
 Petion de Yilleneuye, Jer6me, French revo¬ 
 lutionist, XIII. 361. 
 
 Petit [puh-te], (Alexis Therese, 1791-1820, 
 professor of physics in Paris), YII. 570, 2 be 
 (Dulong and Petit). 
 
 Petit grain [gra Dg ], essence of, XII. 663, 2 b. 
 
 Petition, Right of, XIII. 362. See Adams, 
 John Quincy, I. 105, 1 b, and Marshall, 
 Thomas Francis. 
 
 Petition of right , against arbitrary acts of 
 Charles I., IY. 279, 1 c; YI. 623, 2 b; II. 
 522, 2 c; Y. 151, 2 c. 
 
 Petitio principii, in logic, X. 580, 1 ab. 
 
 Petitot, Louis Messidor Lebon [phh-te-to], 
 French sculptor, XIII. 362. 
 
 Petit-Thouars : see Du Petit-Thouars. 
 
 Peto, Sir Samuel Morton, English railway con¬ 
 tractor, XIII. 362. 
 
 Petofi, Sand or [peh'-to-fe], Hungarian poet, 
 XIII. 362. 
 
 Petra, ancient city of Edom, XIII. 362 (ill., 
 363); YI. 409, 1 b. History of: see Edom, 
 and Horites. 
 
 Petr area, Petrarcha [pa-trar'-ka]: see Pe¬ 
 trarch. 
 
 Petrarch, Francesco [pe'-trark], Italian poet, 
 XIII. 363 ; IX. 459, 1 c. Referred to, XIY. 
 325, 2 be (Rienzi). Reputed portrait of, 
 YII. 550, 2 a. His friendship for Boccaccio, 
 II. 768, 1 b. 
 
 Petrarch, the Spanish, YII. 618, 2 ab. 
 
 Petrel, bird, XIII. 364. Giant petrel, 365, 
 1 b. Pintado petrel, 1 c (ill.). Stormy pe«- 
 trel, 2 b (ill.). Others, 366, 1 a. 
 
 Petrie, George, Irish archaeologist, XIII. 366. 
 
 Petrifactions : see Palaeontology. So-called 
 petrifaction of the dead body, I. 118, 1 a. 
 
 Petrobrussians : see Bruys, Peter de. 
 
 Petroc, St., referred to, II. 773, 2 b. 
 
 Petroleum, XIII. 366 ; IX. 811, 2 b; II. 672, 
 
592 
 
 PETROLEUM 
 
 PHALARIS 
 
 1 b. Distribution, XIII. 366, 2 c. Origin, 
 368, 2 ab. Varieties, 369, 1 c. Chemical 
 composition, 2 c. Wells, 370, 1 a; method 
 of sinking, I. 777, 2 be. Wells in Burmah, 
 III. 463, 2 a. Uses, XIII. 370, 1 c. Use 
 of in lighthouses, X. 455, 2 a. Petroleum 
 gas, VII. 639, 2 be. 
 
 Peteoleum Pboducts, XIII. 370; II. 544, 1 be. 
 Petroline [pet'-ro-lin], paraffine, XIII. 62, 1 b. 
 Petrolucene , fluorescent substance, VII. 291,1 be. 
 Peteomy'zon: see Lampeey, X. 132, 1 c. Re¬ 
 ferred to, VII. 240, 1 b. 
 
 Petronel , a kind of musket, XII. 100, 2 c. 
 Peteonius Aebitee, Roman poet, XIII. 374. 
 Peteopaylovsk', town of Kamtchatka, XIII. 
 
 374. Town of Siberia, 2 a. 
 
 Petroseli'num sati'vum (botany), XIII. 129, 2 b. 
 Peteozayodsk', town of Russia, XIII. 374. 
 Petrucci , Cardinal [pa-troot'-che], conspiracy 
 of, X. 348, 1 a. 
 
 Petrus Blesensis : see Petee of Blois. 
 
 Petrus of Dacia, almanac of, I. 341, 2 b. 
 Petetts Lombaedus : see Lombaed, Peter. 
 Pettenkofee, Max Yon, German chemist, XIII. 
 
 374. Experiments on gas from wood, VII. 
 639, 1 be. 
 
 Pettee, Anton, painter, XIII. 374. 
 
 “ Petticoat insurrection ,” in Mobile, XI. 687,2 a. 
 Pettis, county, XIII. 374. 
 
 Petteicii, Ferdinand [pet'-tri c h], German sculp¬ 
 tor, XIII. 375. 
 
 Petty , Lord Henry: see Lansdowne, X. 155,1 a. 
 Petty , Sir William (1623-87, inspector general 
 of Ireland, ancestor of the marquis of Lans¬ 
 downe), on political economy, XIII. 667,1 a. 
 Petun , petum [pa-toon', -toom'], tobacco, XIII. 
 
 375, 1 a; XV. 780, 1 a. 
 
 Petun Indians : see Wyandots. 
 
 Petunia, plant, XIII. 375 (ills.). 
 
 Petzholdt , examination of old mortars by, IV. 
 182, 1 b (Cement). 
 
 Peucce'a (ornithology), VII. 192, 2 be. P. sesti- 
 Yalis, ib. 
 
 Peucee, Kaspar [poi'-tser], German reformer, 
 XIII. 375. 
 
 Peucetians , early Italian race, IX. 439, 1 c. 
 Peurbach, Georg: see Puebach. 
 
 Peutingee, Konrad [poi'-ting-er], German an¬ 
 tiquary, XIII. 376. 
 
 Peutingeriana , tabula , map, XIII. 376, 1 a. 
 Pe'wee, bird, XIII. 376. Common pewee, 1 b 
 (ill.). Wood pewee, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Pewtee, alloy, XIII. 377 ; I. 336, 1 c, 565, 
 
 2 a; X. 263, 2 ab. 
 
 Peyee, Johann Konrad [pi'-er], Swiss anato¬ 
 mist, XIII. 377. Peyer’s glands, or Peyer’s 
 patches, 1 c; VII. 836, 1 c; IX. 323, 2 be. 
 Peyeonnet, Charles Ignace, count de [pa-ruh- 
 na], French statesman, XIII. 377. 
 
 Pezop'orus (ornithology), XIII. 123, 2 a. 
 Pfafees [pfa'-ferce], Swiss watering place, 
 
 XIII. 377. 
 
 Pfaffe vom Kohlenberg ] [pfaf'-f&h fom ka'-len- 
 bairg], humorous priest, IX. 732, 2 c. 
 Pfalzbueg [pfalts'-boorg], town of Alsace- 
 Lorraine, XIII. 377. 
 
 Pfalz-Zweibrucken (Zweibrucken Palatinate), 
 line of: see Zweibeucken, XVI. 839, 2 c. 
 PfefferJcorn , bigot and fanatic : see Reuciilin, 
 
 XIV. 280, 2 c; VI. 693, 1 ab. 
 
 Pf e ff ers •’ see Pfafees. 
 
 Pfeiffer , Charlotte: see Bieoh-Pfeiffee. 
 Pfeiffee, Ida [pfl'-fer], German traveller, XIII. 
 377; II. 379, 2 be. 
 
 Pfistee, Albrecht, printer, XIII. 378. 
 Pfoezheim [pforts'-hime], town of Baden, XIII. 
 378. 
 
 Phacochce'rus (zoology), XVI. 465, 2 b. P. 
 iEliani, 2 c. 
 
 Pii^ea'ces : see Sciieeia. 
 
 Piuedo, or Phaedon, Greek philosopher, XIII. 
 378 ; 437, 2 c. 
 
 Ph^edea, in Greek legends, XIII. 378. 
 Piuedeus, Latin fabulist, XIII. 378. 
 
 Phcedrus , dials of, VI. 68, 1 c. 
 
 Ptia'ethon, in Greek mythology, XIII. 378. 
 Phaeton (ornithology), XVI. 6, 2 c. P. sethe- 
 reus, 7, 1 be (ill.). P. phoenicurus, 1 c. 
 Phaeton'idee (ornithology), XVI. 6, 2 c. 
 Phagros , fish, XIV. 723, 2 c. 
 
 Phalcenites [fa-le'-ne-teez], (entomology), XI. 
 870, 1 a. 
 
 Phalcenop'sis amdb'ilis , orchid (ilk), XII. 673, 
 2 be. 
 
 Pn alan'gee, marsupial mammal, XIII. 378. 
 Ursine phalanger, 379, 1 ab; vulpine, 1 b 
 (ill.); flying, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Phalangista (zoology), XIII. 379, 1 a. P. ur- 
 sina, 1 ab. P. vulpina, 1 b (ill.). 
 Phalangium cornutum (entom.), XV. 266, 2 a, 
 Phalangium pomaridianum (bot.), XV. 138,2 a. 
 Phalangopsismaculata (entom.),VIII. 170, 1 b. 
 Phalanx , Athenian, I. 738, 2 b ; Spartan, 739, 
 2 c ; Macedonian, 740, 2 b ; Alexander’s, 2 c. 
 Phal'aeis, tyrant of Agrigentum, XIII. 379. 
 Epistles of, 2 c; controversy about, II. 540, 
 2 a-b, 93, 2 c; allusion to, III. 174, 1 be. 
 Phalaris Canariensis (botany), III. 692, 2 b. 
 
PHALAROPE 
 
 PHILADELPHIA 
 
 593 
 
 Phal'arope, family of birds, XIII. 380. Wil¬ 
 son’s pbalaropo, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Phalar'opus (ornithology), XIII. 380, 1 a. P. 
 Wilsonii, 1 c (ill.), &c. 
 
 Phale'ris (ornithology), II. 117, 2 be. P. psit- 
 tacula, ib. 
 
 Piiale'rum : see Athens, II. 59, 1 be, c. 
 Phallic Worship, XIII. 380. See Baccha¬ 
 nalia. In Japan, IX. 539, 2 b. Phallic 
 emblems : see Abacus, I. 5, 1 ab. 
 
 Phallism: see Phallic Worship (Index). 
 Phallus (botany), VII. 530, 1 be; 533, 2 b. 
 
 Expansive force of, 530, 1 a. 
 
 Phalsbourg [fals-boor]: see Pfalzburg. 
 Phanari , harbor, XIII. 539, 2 ab. 
 
 PnANARioTES : see Fanariotes. 
 
 Phaneroptera angustifolia (entomology), VIII. 
 170, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Pha'nes , in the Orphic cosmogony, XII. 711,1 a. 
 PnARAOH [fa'-ro], Egyptian royal title, XIII. 
 381. 
 
 Pharaoh's chicken , Egyptian vulture, so called, 
 XVI. 413, 1 a. 
 
 Pharaoh-Hophr a, Egyptian king, XII. 199,1 b. 
 See Apries. 
 
 Pharaoh's rat (ichneumon), IX. 157, 2 ab. 
 Pharisees, Jewish sect, XIII. 381. 
 
 Pharnaba'zus, Persian satrap (of Mysia and 
 Lesser Phrygia), referred to, I. 186, 2 a; 
 263, 1 b; 773,1 c ; V. 263, la; IX. 343, 1 c. 
 Piiaro : see Faro. 
 
 Pharos, island and lighthouse, XIII. 382 ; X. 
 458, 2 ab ; I. 290, 2 b. 
 
 Pharsalia , battle of, XIII. 382, 1 be; 698, 1 c. 
 Pharsa'lus, ancient city, XIII. 382. 
 
 Pharpar , river of Syria, V. 651, 2 b. 
 Pharyngeal aponeurosis (anatomy), XIII. 382, 
 2 c. Pharyngeal muscles, 2 c (ill.). 
 Pharyngi 1 tis, disease,XIII.383,1 b; III.310,la. 
 Pharynx (anatomy), XIII. 382; I. 317, 2 b. 
 Phascalotherium (palseontology), XV. 732,1 be. 
 Phascog'ale, genus of mammals, XIII. 383. 
 P. penicillata, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Phascolarctos (zoology), X. 36, 1 c. P. cine- 
 reus, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Phascol'omys wombat (zoology), XVI. 702, 2 c 
 (ill., 703). 
 
 Phase’olus (botany), II. 416, 2 a. 
 
 Phasiani’nce (ornithology), XIII. 383, 2 c; 384, 
 
 1 a. 
 
 Phasia’nus (ornithology), XIII. 384, 1 a. P. 
 
 Colcliicus, 1 c (ill.). P. torquatus, 2 b. 
 PnAsis, river of Transcaucasia, XIII. 383; X. 
 66, 1 ab ; IV. 133, 2 a. 
 
 38 
 
 Piiaulcon : see Constantin Faulcon. 
 Phazania : see Fezzan. 
 
 Pheasant, bird, XIII. 383. Common pheasant, 
 384, 1 c (ill.). Golden pheasant, 2 b (ill., 
 385). Argus pheasant, 2 c (ill., 385). Im- 
 peyan pheasant, 386, 1 a (ill., 385). Horned 
 pheasant, XV. 838, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Pheasant's island , river Bidassoa, II. 624, 2 be. 
 Phegeus [fe'-juce], legendary, I. 263, 2 b. 
 Phelan , Michael , billiard player, II. 641, 2 ab; 
 643, 1 a. 
 
 PnELPS, two counties, XIII. 386. 
 
 Phelps, Almira Hart Lincoln, American teach¬ 
 er, XIII. 386. 
 
 Phelps, Anson Greene, merchant, XIII. 386. 
 Phelps, Austin, XIII. 386. Elizabeth S., author¬ 
 ess, 2 c. Elizabeth S. (2d), authoress, 387,1 a. 
 Phelps , G. M. His telephone, XV. 622, 1 a. 
 Phene [fain], (benzole), II. 546, 2 b. 
 
 Phenol (synonymes, phenic acid, phenolic 
 acid, phenous acid, phenyl hydrate, phenyl 
 oxyhydrate, ph'enyl alcohol, phenylated wa¬ 
 ter, phenylic acid, phenylous acid) : see Car¬ 
 bolic Acid. 
 
 Phenyl sulphide: see Carbolic Acid, III. 769, 
 2 be. 
 
 Pher^e, ancient city of Thessaly, XIII. 387. 
 Alexander of, 1 be. Supposed site of, IX. 
 733, 2 c. 
 
 Pherecydes [fer-e-si'-deez], of Syros, philoso¬ 
 pher, XIII. 387. Of Leros, logographer, 2 b. 
 Phialia: see Phigalia. 
 
 Phi Beta Kappa society , origin of, XVI. 635, 2 a. 
 Phi-Beseth (Bubastis), III. 374, 2 a. 
 
 Phidalia : see Balta Liman. 
 
 Phid'ias, Greek sculptor and architect, XIII. 
 387; XIV. 719, 1 ab. 
 
 Phigalia, ancient town of Arcadia, XIII. 388. 
 
 Phigalian marbles, 2 ab. 
 
 Pliiladelphe'ne , in ancient geography, XIII. 
 389, 1 a. 
 
 Philadelphia, ancient town of Lydia, XIII. 
 
 388. Of Palestine, 2 c. 
 
 Philadelphia, city of Pennsylvania, XIII. 389. 
 Streets, 2 b. Buildings, 390, 1 ab. Public 
 Ledger building, 2 c (ill.). Masonic temple, 
 391,1 b (ill.). Churches, 2 b. Independence 
 hall, 392, 2 a (ill.). Squares, 393, 1 a. New 
 city hall, 2 a (ill., 392). Fairmount park, ib. 
 International exhibition, 2 b. Main build¬ 
 ing, 2 c (ill.). Fine art gallery, 395, 1 a (ill., 
 393). Centennial exhibition grounds (view), 
 394. Cemeteries, 395, 1 c. Population, 2 a. 
 Intercommunication, 2 c. Commerce, 396, 
 
594 
 
 PHILADELPHIA 
 
 PHILLIPSBURGH 
 
 1 ab. Manufactures, 2 be. Banks, &c., 398, 
 1 a. Government, 1 c. Public institutions, 
 399, 1 c. Education, 400, 1 c; Girard col¬ 
 lege, 2 c (ill.); university of Pennsylvania, 
 401, 1 be (ill.). Societies, 402, 1 c. Libra¬ 
 ries, 2 b. Theatres, &c., 403,1 ab. Newspa¬ 
 pers, &c., 1 c. Religious organizations, ib. 
 History, 2 a. Founded, XVI. 151, 2 be. Or¬ 
 igin of the name, XIII. 251, 2 b. 
 Philadelphia, county seat, XII. 239, 1 b. 
 Philadelphists , religious society, II. 774, 1 c. 
 Philadelphus, genus of shrubs, XIII. 404. 
 
 Species, 2 a (ill., P. Gordonianus). 
 
 Phil/e, island of the Nile, XIII. 404; XII. 451, 
 1 a. Ruins, XIII. 404, 2 c (ill., 405). 
 Philceni , Carthaginian patriots (said to have 
 consented to be buried alive), XV. 549, 1 b. 
 Philale'thes , pseudonyme, IX. 652, 1 a. 
 Philanthropic school , in education, VI. 414,1 a. 
 Philanthropin [fe-lan-tro-peen'J, Basedow’s 
 school, II. 357, 1 a. 
 
 PniLAEET', Russian prelate, XIII. 405. Three 
 others, 1 c. 
 
 Philat'ely , postage-stamp collecting, XIII. 756, 
 1 c. 
 
 Phile'mon, Athenian comic poet, XIII. 405. 
 Philemon, Epistle to, XIII. 405. 
 
 Philemon and Baucis : see Baucis. 
 Philetce'rus so'cius (ornithology), XVI. 522, 2 a. 
 Philidor : see Danican. 
 
 Philip, apostle, XIII. 406. Evangelist, 1 b. 
 Philip II., king of Macedon, XIII. 406 ; VIII. 
 197, 2 be. 
 
 Pnmip V., king of Macedon, XIII. 408 ; VIII. 
 200, 1 c. 
 
 Philip (Augustus) II., king of France, XIII. 
 
 409; VII. 380, 1 c ; IX. 648, 2 b. 
 
 Philip IV., the Fair, king of France, XIII. 410; 
 VII. 380, 2 b. See Templars, XV. 635, 2 a. 
 Referred to, XV. 323, 2 c. 
 
 PniLip VI., of Valois, king of France, XIII. 410. 
 PniLip I., the Handsome, archduke of Austria 
 and king of Castile, XIII. 411. 
 
 Philip II., king of Spain, XIII. 411 ; XII. 247, 
 1 b. His opposition to the Panama canal, 
 XIII. 33, 1 c. 
 
 Philip V., king of Spain, XIII. 413. See 
 Charles VI. of Germany, 
 
 Pnmp, King, sachem of Pokanoket, XIII. 414. 
 
 King Philip’s war, 415, 1 ab. 
 
 Philip Benizi , Saint , referred to, XIV. 785,1 b. 
 PniLip the Bold, duke of Burgundy, XIII. 415. 
 Philip xnE Good, duke of Burgundy, XIII. 415. 
 Embassy to Portugal, VII. 45, 1 c. 
 
 PniLip the Magnanimous, landgrave of Hesse, 
 XIII. 416. His bigamous marriage, 1 c ; X. 
 728, 2 b; XI. 367, 1 c. 
 
 Philipp of JSferi, St. : see Neri, Filippo de’. 
 
 Philipistic controversy , X. 733, 1 b. 
 
 Philippa , queen of Edward III., referred to, 
 VI. 435, 1 b ; 609, 1 ab ; III. 563, 2 b ; VII. 
 507, 2 b. 
 
 Philippeville [fe-leep-veel], town of Algeria, 
 XIII. 416. 
 
 Philippi, ancient city of Macedonia, XIII. 416. 
 Battle of, 2 b. 
 
 Philippi , county seat, II. 302, 1 b. 
 
 Philippians, Epistle to the, XIII. 416. 
 
 Philippics : see Demosthenes, V. 798, 1 b. 
 
 Philip’picus Barda'nes , Byzantine emperor 
 (711-713, blinded and deposed), IX. 728, 2 ab. 
 
 Philippine Islands [fil'-ip-peen], XIII. 417 
 (map). 
 
 Philippists , followers of Melanchthon, V. 534, 
 1 c; XI. 366, 2 be ; XIV. 246, 1 c. 
 
 Philippop'oli, town of Turkey, XIII. 418. 
 
 Philippopolis , ancient town, XIII. 418, 2 c. 
 
 Philippoteaux, F61ix Emmanuel Henri [fe-le- 
 puh-td], French painter, XIII. 418. 
 
 Philippsburg [fe'-lips-boorg], town of Baden, 
 XIII. 419. 
 
 Philippson, Ludwig, Jewish author, XIII. 419. 
 
 Phil'ips, Ambrose, English poet, XIII. 419. 
 
 Philips, John, poet, XIII. 419. 
 
 Philistines [fe-lis'-tins], early race in Pales¬ 
 tine, XIII. 419. 
 
 Phillimore, John George, English jurist, XIII. 
 420. Sir Robert Joseph, jurist, 1 be; on the 
 law of embassies, X. 225, 2 b. 
 
 Phillip, Capt. Arthur (1738-1814, first gov¬ 
 ernor of New South Wales, 1788-’93, after¬ 
 ward vice admiral), III. 138, 1 be; II. 134, 
 1 ab, c. 
 
 Phillip, John, Scottish painter, XIII. 420. 
 
 Phillips, two counties, XIII. 420. 
 
 Phillips (correctly, Phillipps), Adelaide, Amer-r 
 ican singer, XIII. 420. 
 
 Phillips, Charles, Irish barrister, XIII. 420. 
 
 Phillips, Georg, German historian, XIII. 420. 
 
 Phillips, John, American merchant, XIII. 421. 
 Samuel, jr., 1 a. 
 
 PniLLiPS, John, English geologist, XIII. 421. 
 
 Phillips, John , poet: see Philips, John. 
 
 Phillips, Watts, dramatist, XIII. 421. 
 
 PniLLiPS, Wendell, American orator, XIII. 421. 
 
 Phillips academy , I. 481, 1 a; VII. 27, 2 ab; 
 XIII. 421, 1 a, ab. 
 
 Phillipsburgh county seat, XIII. 420, 1 c. 
 
PHILO 
 
 PHCENIX 
 
 595 
 
 Philo of Byblos, referred to, XII. 117, 2 b; 
 
 XIV. 596, 1 b (Herennius Philo of Byblus). 
 PniLO Jud/eus, Jewish philosopher, XIII. 421; 
 
 XII. 224, 2 c; I. 292, 1 b. 
 
 Philohela minor (ornithology), XVI. 707, 1 b 
 (ill.). 
 
 Philology : see Language, X. 146, 2 a. 
 Philom'achus (ornithology), XIV. 464, 2 a. 
 
 P. pugnax, 2 ab (ill.). 
 
 Philomelium , ancient town, I. 227, 1 b. 
 
 Philo Pacificus , pseudonyme, XVI. 727, 1 ab. 
 Philopappus , monument of II. 59, 2 b. 
 Philopce'men, Greek general, XIII. 422 ; I. 62, 
 2 c; VIII. 200, 2 ab, be. 
 
 Philosopher's lamp , XIV. 116, 2 b. 
 Philosopher's stone , I. 261, 2 c; X. 846, 2 b, 
 322, 2 a. 
 
 Philosophical Anatomy, XIII. 422. Theories 
 of Oken, 2 b; Goethe, Dumeril, &c., 423, 
 1 b ; Geoffrey Saint-Hilaire, 2 a; Cams, 2 c; 
 Owen, 424, 2 a (ill.); J. D. Dana (cephali- 
 zation), 428, 2 b ; Maclise, 429, 1 ab; Hux¬ 
 ley, 1 be; Wyman and Wilder, 1 c. Diffi¬ 
 culty of reducing it to a science, 427, 2 be. 
 Philosophy, XIII.429. Definitions,2 c. Method, 
 430, 2 a. Domain, 2 b. Divisions, 431, 1 a. 
 Development, 433, 1 c. Schools, 434, 2 ab. 
 History, 2 b. Indian, 2 c ; IX. 227, 2 b. 
 Chinese, XIII. 435, 2 b. Perso-Median, 436, 
 
 1 a. Egyptian, 1 b. Greek, 2 a. Roman, 
 438, 2 c; X. 193, 2 c. Alexandrian, XIII. 
 438, 2 c. Mediaeval, 439, 1 b. English and 
 Scottish, 440, 2 ab ; 441, 2 ab; 445, 1 c. 
 Italian, 440, 2 c; 444, 2 a. French, 440, 
 
 2 c; 441, 2 a; 444, 1 a. German, 441, 1 b, 
 2 c. American, 447, 1 a. 
 
 Philosophy , academic , XIII. 438, 2 a. 
 Philosophy, Moral: see Moral Philosophy. 
 Philosophy of identity: see Schelling, XIV. 
 667, 2 c. 
 
 Philo'tas, Alexander’s general, put to death, I. 
 
 278, 1 a; XIII. 121, 2 c. 
 
 Philp , Robert , philanthropist, X. 17, 1 be. 
 Phineus [fi'-nuce], myth of, VIII. 474, 2 b. 
 Phintias [fin'-te-as]: see Damon and Pythias. 
 Phipps, Sir William : see Pmps. 
 
 Phippsia (botany), referred to, VIII. 167, 1 b. 
 Pmps, Sir William, governor, XIII. 448. 
 
 Phiz , pseudonyme, VI. 88, 1 c. 
 
 Piilebi'tis, disease, XIII. 449 ; XVI. 283, 2 a. 
 PhleboVithes (vein stones), XVI. 283, 2 b. 
 PnLEBOT'oMY: see Bloodletting. 
 
 Phlegmasia Dolens : see Milk Leg, and XII. 
 583, 1 a. 
 
 Phle'um (botany), VIII. 166, 1 b (ill). P. pra- 
 tense, 167, 2 b; XV. 757, 2 c (ill., 758). P. 
 alpinum, ib. 
 
 Piilius, ancient city of Greece, XIII. 449. 
 
 Phlogistic {or phlogiston ) theory , of heat: see 
 Phlogiston (Index). 
 
 Phlogiston : see Chemistry, IV. 360, 2 a, and 
 IX. Ill, 1 b. Phlogiston theory, IV. 360, 
 1 be; VIII. 567, 2 b. 
 
 Phlo'gopites: see Mica, XI. 490, 2 c. 
 
 Pliloridzine [flo-rid'-zin], bitter principle, II. 
 671, 1 be. 
 
 Phlox, genus of plants, XIII. 449. Drum¬ 
 mond’s phlox, 2 b (ill.). P. subulata, 450, 
 1 b (ill.). Herbaceous perennial phlox, 1 c 
 (ill). Other species. 
 
 Phoca (zoology), XIV. 730, 1 be; 732, 1 a. 
 P. vitulina, 1 ab (ill.). P. Groenlandica, 1 b 
 (ill). P. Caspica, 2 ab. 
 
 Phoo^e'a, ancient town, Asia Minor, XIII. 450. 
 
 Phoccena (zoology), XIII. 719, 2 be. P. com¬ 
 munis, 720, 1 b (ill). P. Americana, 2 a. 
 
 Phocen'ic acid: see V alerianic Acid. 
 
 Phocicum, building, XIII. 451, 2 b. 
 
 Pho'cidce (zoology), IV. 10, 2 b. 
 
 Phocion, Athenian general, XIII. 451. 
 
 Pnocis, country in ancient Greece, XIII. 451. 
 
 Phoc'odon (zoology), XVI. 813, 2 ab; 814, 1 c. 
 
 Phoebe: see Diana, VI. 77, 2 a, and X. 715,1 a. 
 
 Phoebe bird , XIII. 376, 1 b. 
 
 Phoeb'idas, general, referred to, 1.186, 2 b. 
 
 Phoebus : see Apollo. 
 
 Phoeni'ce: see Tenedos. 
 
 Phoenicercus carnifex (ornithology), XI. 87, 2 c 
 (ill). P. nigricollis, 88, 1 b. 
 
 Phoenicia, XIII. 452. Description, 1 ab. Phoe¬ 
 nicians, 2 b. Commerce, settlements, and 
 manufactures, 453, 1 a. Commerce with 
 Britain, III. 294, 1 a ; settlements in Africa, 
 XI. 290, 2 a. Government, XIII. 454, 1 c. 
 History, 2 b. Language, 455, 2 a; alpha¬ 
 bet, 2 c (ill, 456) ; I. 348, 2 be. 
 
 * Phoenician sea: see Mediterranean Sea, XI. 
 354, 1 a. 
 
 Phoenicop'terus (ornithology), VII. 256, 1 c. 
 P. ruber, 2 c (ill). P. antiquorum, 257, 1 b. 
 
 PnasNix, mythical bird, XIII. 457. 
 
 Phoenix , tutor of Achilles, I. 64, 2 a, b. 
 
 Phoenix , county seat, XI. 162, 1 a. 
 
 Phoenix, steamboat, XV. 381, 1 b (Stevens, 
 John). 
 
 Phoenix dactylifera (botany), V. 699, 1 ab. P. 
 sylvestris and P. farinifera, 2 c. 
 
 “ Phoenix society see Fenians, VII. 124, 2 ab. 
 
596 
 
 PHCENIXVILLE 
 
 PHEYNE 
 
 PncENixYiLLE, borough of Pennsylvania, XIII. 
 457. 
 
 Phol , in northern mythology, XII. 120, 1 c. 
 Pholad'idce (conchology), XY. 400, 1 a. 
 
 Pholas (conchology), XY. 400, 1 a; XI. 722, 
 
 1 a, 724, 1 c; Y. 202, 2 ah (pliolades). P. 
 dactylus, XY. 400, 1 b (ills.). 
 
 Pholcus Atlanticus (entomology), XY. 266,1 a. 
 P. phalangioides, 1 b. 
 
 Pholidoph'or us (fossil ichthyology), YII. 615, 
 
 2 a. P. limbatus, referred to, Y. 827, 2 ab. 
 Pholis (ichthyology), XIY. 825, 2 ab. P. laavis, 
 
 2 b (ill.). P. subbifurcatus, 826, 1 b. 
 Phonautograph , acoustic apparatus, I. 72, 1 c 
 (ill.). 
 
 Phonet'ics, XIII. 457. “Phonetic types” of 
 language, X. 147, 2 b. System of Gray and 
 Bell: see Telegraph, XY. 621, 1 b. 
 Phonicity , in music, XII. 84, 2 a. 
 
 Phonograph, XIII. 458 (ills.); improvements 
 iu, 459*, 1 a. 
 
 Phonog'raphy, XIII. 459*» Phonographic 
 signs, 459-461. Cheke’s system, IY. 354,2 ab. 
 Phoradendron (botany), XI. 676, 1 be. P. 
 flavescens, 1 c. 
 
 Phormium tenax (botany), YII. 262, 2 b. 
 Phospham , phosphoric compound, XIII. 467,1 a. 
 Phosphates: see Phosphorus, XIII. 464, 1 b ; 
 465, 1 c, 2 c; 466, 1 a. Phosphates of lime, 
 X. 478, 2 c; use of in medicine, 480, 2 b; 
 in agriculture, III. 64, 1 a, b. Phosphates 
 of sodium, XY. 152, 2 be. Phosphates in 
 urine, XYI. 224, 2 c. Calcic phosphate (apa¬ 
 tite), IX. 406, 1 c: see X. 479, 1 a. 
 Phosphat'ic diath'esis (medical), YIII. 174, 2 b. 
 Phosphides [fos'-fidz], XIII. 466, 1 c, ff. 
 PnospnoR Bronze, metallic compound, XIII. 
 461. 
 
 PnospnoRESOENCE, XIII. 461; YI. 707, 1 ab. 
 
 Of the ocean, IX. 602, 1 c. 
 
 Phosphoric anhydride , XIII. 465, 1 c. For¬ 
 mation of, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Phosphorist party , in Swedish literature, YII. 
 
 659, 2 be; XY. 514, 2 c. 
 
 Phosphoroscope , XIII. 463, 1 c (ills.). 
 Phosphorous anhydride , XIII. 466, 1 a. Phos¬ 
 phorous acid, 1 ab. 
 
 Phosphorus, elementary substance, XIII. 463. 
 Preparation, 464, 1 b (ill.). Properties, 2 b. 
 Compounds, 465, 1 c. Uses, 467, 1 c. Dis¬ 
 covery of, 463, 2 c; I. 261,1 b. Phosphorus 
 of the brain, III. 186, 2 be. In iron, IX. 371, 
 2 ab, 406, 1 c; in steel, XY. 356, 1 a. Bald¬ 
 win’s or Baudoin’s phosphorus (Christian 
 
 Adolf Balduin, a German alchemist, 1632- 
 ’82), X. 479, 1 c; XIII. 462, 2 be. 
 Phosphorus , star : see Lucifer. 
 
 Phosphurets , XIII. 466, 1 c. Phosphuret of 
 calcium, X. 478, 2 b; of iron, alluded to, 
 II. 558, 2 ab. 
 
 Phosphuretted hydrogen , XIII. 466, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Inflammability of, IX. 177, 2 c. 
 
 Photinia (botany), XI. 356, 1 b. 
 
 Plioti'nuspyra'lis (entomology), YII. 214, 1 c. 
 PnoTius, patriarch of Constantinople, XIII. 
 
 467; YIII. 207, 2 c. 
 
 $G)TicThpia (baptisteries), II. 291, 2 c. 
 
 Photogen'ic drawing , XIII. 469, 2 b. 
 Photog'rapiiy, XIII. 468. Decomposition of 
 bodies by light, 1 b. First attempts at, 469, 
 
 1 a. Daguerre’s process, 1 be; Talbot’s, 
 
 2 ab. Applications of, 2 c. Improvements 
 in, 470,1 be. Printing from a negative, 2 c. 
 The stereoscope, 471, 1 c. Imperfections of 
 photographs, ib. Instruments for measure¬ 
 ment of light, 2 ab. Attempts to increase 
 durability of photographs, 2 b. Agent in 
 their production, 2 c; photography a mis¬ 
 nomer, ib. Popularity and uses of, 472, 
 
 1 ab. Application to the fine arts, &c., 
 473, 1 ab. See Actinism, and Light. 
 
 Photo-lithography , X. 528, 1 c. 
 
 Photom'etry, XIII. 473. Bouguer and Eit- 
 chie’s photometer, 2 b (ill.). Bumford’s, 
 
 2 c. Bunsen’s, ib. ; YII. 638, 1 ab (ill.). 
 Chemical photometers, XIII. 474, 1 c; pen¬ 
 dulum photometer, 2 be.. 
 
 Photo-relief process , in photography, XIII. 
 473, 1 a. 
 
 Photosphere , of the sun, XY. 472, 1 c. 
 Photozincography, for producing facsimile, re> 
 ferred to, YI. 198, 2 c. 
 
 Photuris versicolor (entomology), YII. 214,1 be. 
 Phraates [fra-a'-teez], four kings of Partliia, 
 XIII. 135, 1 c, flP. 
 
 Phra-cha-dee, minaret, II. 270, 1 c. 
 Phragmi'tes (botany), XIY. 240, 2 b. P. com¬ 
 munis, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Piiraor'tes : see Media, XI. 332, 2 c. 
 Phrenology, XIII. 474. See Hamilton, Sir 
 William, YIII. 422, 2 b. 
 
 Phrixus: see Helle, YIII. 621, 1 a. 
 Phrygane'a (entomology), XI. 301, 2 c. P. 
 
 grandis and other species, 302, 1 be (ills.). 
 Phrygan'idce (entomology), III. 535, 1 be. 
 Phrygia, in ancient geography, XIII. 476. 
 Phry'ne, Athenian courtesan, XIII. 477. De¬ 
 ferred to, 806, 1 a. 
 
PHRYNICHUS 
 
 PICARDY 
 
 597 
 
 Phrynichus [frin'-e-kus], Greek tragic poet, 
 VIII. 213, 2 a. Comic poet, 2 be. 
 Phrynoso'ma (zoology), VIII. 822, 1 ab. P. 
 
 cornutum, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Phtah, Phthah: see Ptaii (Index). 
 
 Phthalic acid, XII. 134, 2 b. 
 
 Piitiiiotis [thi-o'-tis], district of ancient Thes¬ 
 saly, XIII. 477. Nomarchy of Phthiotis 
 and Phocis, 2 a. 
 
 PiiTniRiAsis [the-ri'-a-sis], disease: see Epi- 
 zoa, VI. 696, 1 c. 
 
 Phthir'ius pubis or inguinalis (epizoa), VI. 
 696, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Phthisis [thi'-zis]: see Consumption, V. 282, 
 
 1 c. Acute, 2 b. 
 
 Phya: see Pisistratus, XIII. 543, 1 b, and 
 Giant, VII. 794, 2 a. 
 
 Phycis (ichthyology), VIII. 385, 1 a, 2 a. P. 
 
 Americanus, 2 b (ill.). P. filamentosus, 2 be. 
 PhyVacue , sanctuary of, referred to, V. 785, 2 c. 
 Phylac'tery, amulet, XIII. 477. 
 
 Phy'le : see Demos. 
 
 Phyllodac! txylus (zoology), VII. 657, 1 a. 
 Phyllodium , of a leaf, X. 266, 1 c. 
 Phyllograptus typus (paleontology), (ill.), VIII. 
 165, 2 b. 
 
 Phylloph'aga querci'na (entomology), IV. 787, 
 
 2 a. 
 
 Phyllop'tera oblongifo'lia (entomology), VIII. 
 
 170, 1 b (ill.). P. curvicauda, 1 c. 
 Phyllopteryx (ichthyology), X. 635, 1 c. 
 Phyllos'toma (zoology), II. 376, 2 c; 378, 1 c. 
 Phyl'lotaxy , department of botany, X. 267, 2 b. 
 Phyllox'era, genus of plant lice, XIII. 477 
 (ills., 478-480). P. quercus, 2 be. P. Rileyi, 
 478, 1 a. P. vastatrix, 2 b; VIII. 164,1 b. 
 Grape-vine disease, XIII. 478, 2 b. 
 
 Physalia (zoology), IX. 601, 2 ab. 
 
 Phys'alis, genus of herbs, XIII. 480. P. 
 Peruviana, 481, 1 a (ill.). Fruit, 1 b (ill.). 
 P. alkekengi, 1 c. P. Philadelphica, 2 a. 
 Physalite: see Topaz, XV. 798, 2 b. 
 
 Physe'ter (zoology), XVI. 581, 1 b. P. ma- 
 crocephalus, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Physeter'idce (zoology), XVI. 580, 2 c. 
 Physical Geography, XIII. 481. 
 
 PnYsicK, Philip Syng, American physician, 
 XIII. 482. 
 
 Physics : see Natural Philosophy. 
 
 Physioc' ratists , in political economy, XIII. 
 667, 1 be. 
 
 Physiognomy, XIII. 482. First attempt to 
 reduce it to a science, X. 214, 2 c. 
 Physiology, XIII. 483. Living beings, 484, 
 
 1 a. Views of the nature of life, 1 b, ff. 
 Vital phenomena, 485, 2 c. 
 
 Physomyce'tes (botany), VII. 532, 1 c. 
 
 Physostigma venenosum (bbtany), III. 560, 1 c 
 (ill.). 
 
 PnYTELEpnAs (botany), XIII. 486. P. macro- 
 carpa, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Phytoc'oris (entomology), VIII. 629, 2 b. 
 
 Phytolacca decandra (botany), XIII. 641, 1 b 
 (ill.). 
 
 Phytot'oma (ornithology), XIII. 596, 1 b. P. 
 rara, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Piacenza [pe-a-cen'-za; It. pya-chen'-dza], 
 province of Italy, XIII. 487. Capital city, 
 
 1 c. History, 2 a. Council at, I. 293, 1 c; 
 V. 528, 1 c. 
 
 Piacenza, Duke of : see Lebrun, X. 282, 1 c. 
 
 Pi'a ma'ter, of th6 brain, III. 188, 2 ab. 
 
 Piana del Greci [pya/-na del gra'-che], town 
 of Sicily, XIII. 487. 
 
 Piano: see Pianoforte (Index). 
 
 Pianoforte, XIII. 487; XII. 75, 1 ab. In¬ 
 vention of, 92, 1 a; XIII. 488, 1 c. Sup¬ 
 posed origin of the name, 2 b. Forms of, 
 489, 1 b. Parts of, 2 b. Framing and sound 
 board, ib. Strings, 490, 2 a. Action, 2 c. 
 Case and making, 492, 1 a. American man¬ 
 ufacture and improvements, 1 b. 
 
 Pianori [pya-no'-re], attempt on the life of 
 Napoleon III., III. 51, 1 ab. 
 
 Pianta Capitolina, ground plan of ancient 
 Rome, III. 756, 2 c. 
 
 Pi'arists, religious order, XIII. 493. 
 
 Piast, Dynasty of [pyast]; see Poland, XIII. 
 644, 1 be. 
 
 Piaster [pe-as'-ter], coin, XIII. 494. 
 
 Pi'att, county, XIII. 494. 
 
 Piatt, John James, American poet, XIII. 494. 
 Sarah Morgan Bryan, poet, 2 a. 
 
 PiAunv [pe-ow'-e], province of Brazil, XIII.494. 
 
 Piazza Armerina [pyat'-sa ar-ma-re'-na], town 
 of Sicily, XIII. 494. 
 
 Piazzi, Giuseppe [pyat'-se], Italian astronomer, 
 XIII. 495. 
 
 Pi'ca (ornithology), XI. 22, 1 c. P. melano- 
 leuca, 2 a. P. Hudsonica, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Pica, size of printing type, XIII. 846, 1 c, ff. 
 
 Picador', bull fighter, III. 426, 1 b. 
 
 Picard [pe-kar], French fanatic, I. 81, 2 c. 
 
 Picard, Jean, astronomer, XIII. 495. Length 
 of a degree defined by him, VI. 355, 1 ab. 
 
 Picard, Louis Joseph Ernest, statesman, XIII. 
 495. (Died 1877.) 
 
 Pic'ardy, old province of France, XIII. 495. 
 
593 
 
 PICCADILLY 
 
 PIERCE 
 
 Piccadilly , London, X. 595, 1 c. 
 
 Piccini, Nicold [peet-che'-ne], Italian composer, 
 XIII. 495. 
 
 Piccinists, musical faction, XII. 91, 1 c. Re¬ 
 ferred to, VIII. 44, 2 ab ; XIII. 496, 1 a. 
 Piccinni: see Piccini. 
 
 Pic'colo , musical instrument, VII. 293, 1 b; 
 
 XII. 94, 2 b. 
 
 Piccolomini [pik-ko-lo'-me-ne], Italian family, 
 
 XIII. 496. 
 
 Piccolomini, Marietta, singer, XIII. 496. 
 Piccolomini, Ottavio, Austrian general, XIII. 
 496; XVI. 437, 1 a. 
 
 Pi'cea (botany), VII. 207, 2 be. P. Webbiana, 
 209, 1 c. 
 
 Pice'ni , a Sabine people, XIII. 496, 2 b. 
 Picen'tes: see Piceni (Index). 
 
 Picenum, ancient division of Italy, XIII. 496. 
 Pichegku, Charles [peesh-grii], French general, 
 XIII. 496. See Cadoudal. 
 
 PicmNcnA [pe-cheen'-cha], mountain peak: see 
 Ecuador, VI. 394, 2 a. Battle of, 398, 1 c. 
 Pichler [pi c h'-ler], father and son (Johann An¬ 
 ton, 1697-1779, and Johann von, 1734-’91), 
 gem engravers, referred to, VII. 664, 1 a. 
 Pichler, Aloys, German author, XIII. 497. 
 PicnLEE, Karoline von, novelist, XIII. 497. 
 Piciion, Pierre Auguste [pe-sho Ilg ], French 
 painter, XIII. 497. 
 
 Pici'nce (ornithology), XVI. 709, 2 a. 
 Pickaway, county, XIII. 497. 
 
 Pickelherring , VIII. 463, 2 b (Harlequin). 
 Pickens, three counties, XIII. 497. 
 
 Pickens, Andrew, American general, XIII. 497. 
 
 Francis W., statesman, 2 c. 
 
 Pickens, Fort: see Pensacola, XIII. 273,1 c, 
 and 2 be. 
 
 Pickens Court House , county seat, XIII. 497, 2 a. 
 Pickerel: see Pike, XIII. 509, 2 c. Long or 
 shovel-nosed pickerel, 510, 1 c (ill.); trout 
 or short-nosed, 2 b. 
 
 Pickering, Timothy, American statesman, XIII. 
 498. On the Cunningham correspondence, 
 2 ab ; I. 96, 2 c. His attacks on J. Q. Adams, 
 99, 2 c; 102, 2 a.—John, scholar, XIII. 498, 
 2 ab.—Charles, naturalist, 2 c. His divisions 
 of the human race, VI. 755,1 ab; V. 193, 2 b. 
 Pickers , in a loom, XVI. 523, 2 c. 
 
 Pickersgill, Henry William, English painter, 
 XIII. 499. Frederick Richard, painter, 1 a. 
 Picking peg, in a loom, XVI. 523, 2 c. 
 
 Pickles, XIII. 499. Alleged etymology of the 
 word, II. 599, 1 a. 
 
 Pickling, XIII. 823, 2 b. See Pickles. 
 
 Pico, peak o/^pe'-ko], Azores, II. 174, 2 c. 
 
 Pico della Mirandola : see Mirandola. 
 Picoi'des arc'ticus (ornithology), XVI. 710, 1 b. 
 Picot, Frangois Edouard [pe-ko], French paint¬ 
 er, XIII. 499. 
 
 Picou, Henri Pierre [pe-koo], painter, XIII. 499. 
 Picpus society [peek-ptis], monastic, XI. 732, 
 1 b. Les Picpus, II. 309, 1 a. 
 
 Pier ana excelsa (botany), XIV. 132, 1 c (ill.). 
 Pic’rate of potash powders, VII. 38, 2 b. 
 
 Picric Acid, XIII. 499; III. 262, 2 c; VII. 
 38, 2 b. 
 
 Picromel, biliary sugar, II. 634, 1 c. 
 Picrotoxine [pik-ro-tox'-in], a bitter principle, 
 IV. 775, 2 a; III. 262, 2 b. 
 
 Picta'vi: see Poitiers, and Poitou. 
 
 Pictet, Frangois Jules [peek-ta], French natu¬ 
 ralist, XIII. 500. Adolphe, 1 a. 
 
 Pic'ton, town of Canada, XIII. 500. 
 
 Pictones [pik'-to-neez]: see Poitou. 
 
 Pictor, Fabius: see Fabius, VII. 52, 1 a. 
 Pictorial advertisements, first known, 1.138,1 a. 
 Pictou [pik-too'J, county of Nova Scotia, XIII. 
 
 500. Town, 1 be. 
 
 Picts, ancient people of Scotland, XIII. 500; 
 
 III. 578, 1 c. Piets’ houses, XIII. 500, 2 b. 
 Pictured rocks , on Lake Superior, XIV. 683, 
 1 c; XV. 484, 1 b. 
 
 Picture writing: see Hieroglyphics, VIII. 719, 
 1 b. Mexican, 2 a; I. 402, 2 c. Central 
 American, VIII. 720, 2 c. Of British Guiana, 
 721,1 b. Of North American Indians, VIII. 
 719, 1 b. 
 
 Pic’ulets, birds, XVI. 710, 2 b. 
 
 Picumni'nce (ornithology), XVI. 710, 2 b. 
 Picus villosus (ornithology), XVI. 709, 2 ab. 
 Piddock, date shell, XV. 400, 1 b. 
 
 Pidgin English: see Pigeon English. 
 
 Pie, Louis Frangois Desir6 Edouard [pe], French 
 bishop, XIII. 500. 
 
 Pie plant, XIV. 302, 2 c. 
 
 Piece of eight (dollar), VI. 187, 2 b. 
 Piedimonte d’Alife [pya-de-mon'-ta da-le'-fa], 
 town of Italy, XIII. 500. 
 
 Piedmont [peed'-mont], division of Italy, XIII. 
 
 501. See Italy, Sardinia, and Savoy. 
 Piedmont, division of Virginia, XVI. 373, 2 a. 
 Piedras de los ojos [pe-a'-^ras daloce o'- k hoce], 
 
 (eye stones), VII. 48, 2 c. 
 
 Piegans [pe'-ganz], Indian tribe, XIII. 501, 
 Piegan massacre, 1 c. 
 
 Piemonte [pya-mon'-ta]: see Piedmont. 
 
 Pierce [peerce], four counties, XIII. 501 o 
 Pierce, county seat, XIII. 501, 2 b. 
 
PIERCE 
 
 PILLAR 
 
 599 
 
 Pierce, Gen. Benjamin [peerce or puree], (1757- 
 1839), XIII. 501, 2 c. 
 
 Pierce, Franklin, president of tlie United 
 States, XIII. 501. 
 
 Pierce, George Foster, American bishop, XIII. 
 503. 
 
 Pierce, John, first patentee of Plymouth col¬ 
 ony, III. 180, 1 c. 
 
 Pierce City , county seat, XV. 6, 1 c. 
 
 Pierer, Johann Friedrich [pe'-rer], German 
 publisher, XIII. 503. Heinrich August, 1 c. 
 Victor and Eugen, 2 a. 
 
 Pierpont, John, American poet, XIII. 503. 
 
 Pierson, Abraham (1608-’78), first minister of 
 Newark, XII. 272, 2 c. Abraham (his son), 
 first rector of Yale college, XVI. 763, 2 b, be. 
 
 Pieter Booth [pe'-ter bote], mountain of Mauri¬ 
 tius, XI. 291, 1 be. 
 
 Pietermaritzburg [pe'-ter-ma'-rits-boorg], capi 
 tal of Natal, XII. 155, 2 c. 
 
 Pietistic school , in education, VI. 413, 2 be. 
 In the Lutheran church, X. 734, 2 be. 
 
 Pietists , religious sect: see Spener, and Pie¬ 
 tistic school (Index). 
 
 Pietra fungliia [pya'-tra foon'-ghe-a], (fungus 
 stone), VII. 530, 2 be. 
 
 Pietro da Murrone [pya'-tro d& moor-ro'-na], 
 (Pope Celestine V.), IV. 170, 2 c. 
 
 Pietro di Leone : see Peter de Leon (Index). 
 
 Pieuvre [pyuvr’], Victor Hugo’s fictitious mon¬ 
 ster, VI. 56, 1 c. 
 
 Pigafetta , companion of Magalhaens, log men¬ 
 tioned by, X. 574, 1 c. 
 
 Pigault de VEpinoy: see Pigault-Lebrun. 
 
 Pigault-Lebrun [pe-go-liih-bru ng ], French au¬ 
 thor, XIII. 503. 
 
 Pigeon, family of birds, XIII. 503. Common 
 pigeon or dove, 504, 1 c; varieties, 2 b. 
 Cushat or ring pigeon, 505, 1 b (ill.). Wood 
 pigeon, 1 c. Fruit pigeons, 2 a; nutmeg 
 pigeon, 2 b (ill.). Tree pigeons, 2 c. Ground 
 pigeons, 506, 1 b ; Nicobar pigeon, 2 a (ill.); 
 crowned pigeon, 2 c (ill., 507). Samoan 
 pigeon, 507, 1 c.—Cape pigeon, so styled, 
 365,1 c. Tooth-billed, XIV. 591, 2 b. Wild: 
 see Passenger Pigeon. 
 
 Pigeon Berry : see Poke, XIII. 641, 1 b. 
 
 Pigeon English, Chinese jargon, XIII. 507. 
 
 Pigeon Hawk, XIII. 507 (ill., 508). 
 
 Pigeon keys, islands so called, XIII. 506, 1 c. 
 
 Pigeon's blood, tint, XIV. 626, 2 b. 
 
 “ Pigeon's milk," XIII. 504, 2 ab. 
 
 Pigment cells, of the skin, V. 191, 2 c. 
 
 Pigment prints, in photography, XIII. 472, 2 c. 
 
 Pigments, XIII. 508. See Paints. 
 
 Pigmentum nigrum, of the skin, V. 191, 2 c. 
 
 Pig of the saunder, II. 764, 2 a (Boar). 
 
 Pig sticking (boar hunting), II. 764, 2 b. 
 
 “ Pig-tail:" see Tobacco, XV. 783, 1 be. 
 
 Pigmy : see Pygmy. 
 
 Pignerol [pe-nyuh-rhl]: see Pinerolo. 
 
 Pignut: see Hickory, VIII. 715, 2 be (ill.). 
 
 Pigweed, plant, XIII. 508 (ill.). 
 
 Pi-hahiroth: see Exodus, VII. 29, 1 c. 
 
 Pika, animal, XIII. 509. Alpine pika, 1 c. 
 Rocky mountain pika, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Pike, weapon, I. 734, 2 b; 735,1 b, 2 a; 740, 2 b. 
 
 Pike, fish, XIII. 509. Common pike of Eu¬ 
 rope, 2 be. Lake pike of America, 510, 1 b. 
 Muscalonge, ib. Shovel-nosed pickerel (com¬ 
 mon pike), 1 c (ill.). Trout pickerel, 2 b. 
 Long-jawed or gar pike, 2 c (ill., 511). Sea 
 pike, 511, 1 a. 
 
 Pike, name of ten counties, XIII. 511. 
 
 Pike, Albert, American writer, XIII. 512. 
 
 Pike, Zebulon Montgomery, soldier, XIII. 512. 
 
 Pike’s Peak, Rocky mountains, XIII. 512. 
 
 Pikesville, county seat, II. 708, 1 a. 
 
 Piketon, county seat, XIII. 511, 2 b. 
 
 Pikerille, county seat, XI. 168, 2 b. 
 
 Pilaster, in the Doric order, I. 657, 1 b. 
 
 Pilate, Pontius, Roman governor, XIII. 513. 
 
 Pilatka : see Palatka (Index). 
 
 Pildtre de Eozier [pe-latr’ diih ro-ze-a], (Fran¬ 
 cois, 1756-’85), first aeronaut, 1.146, 1 b, 2 a. 
 
 Pilatus, Mt. [pe-la'-toos], Switzerland, XIII. 
 513, 1 c; X. 703, 2 c. 
 
 Pilchard, fish, XIII. 513 (ill.); XIV. 631, 2 b. 
 
 Pilcomayo [peel-ko-ma'-yo], South American 
 river, XIII. 513. 
 
 Pile, in heraldry, VIII. 672, 2 be. (See plate.) 
 
 Piles : see Haemorrhoids. 
 
 Pile threads, of velvet, XVI. 287, 1 c. 
 
 Pile worm: see Snip Worm. 
 
 Pi'leus, ancient cap, VIII. 509, 2 a. 
 
 Pileus, of fungi, VII. 529, 1 c. 
 
 Pilgrim fathers, at Leyden, X. 393, 1 ab ; re¬ 
 ferred to, XIV. 45,- 2 c. See Plymouth, 
 and Massachusetts, XI. 257, 1 b. 
 
 “ Pilgrim Society of St. Krishana," for Abys¬ 
 sinian missions, XI. 648, 1 c. 
 
 Pilgrimage, XIII. 513. Pilgrimages to Pales¬ 
 tine, 2 c; to European shrines, 514, 2 a, 
 Oriental pilgrimages, 515, 1 c. 
 
 Pilica [pe-le'-tsa], river of Poland, XIII. 643,1 c. 
 
 Pillar in church of St. John, Constantinople 
 (ill.), I. 662. 
 
 Pillar plate, in a lever watch, IV. 703, 2 c. 
 
GOO 
 
 PILLAR 
 
 PINGUICULA 
 
 Pillar saints , pillarists, XV. 434, 1 c. 
 
 Pillar system of mining, V. 70, 1 c. 
 
 Pillars of Hercules : see Gibraltar, VII. 
 800, 2 c ; Calpe ; and VIII. 679, 2 c. 
 
 Pillau [pil'-low], town of Prussia, XIII. 515. 
 
 Pillnitz, village of Saxony, XIII. 515. 
 
 Pillory, instrument of punishment, XIII. 516 
 
 (m.). 
 
 Pillow, Gideon Johnson, American soldier, 
 XIII. 516. See Fort Donelson. 
 
 Pillwort , aquatic plant, referred to, X. 744,1 b. 
 
 Pilnitz : see Pillnitz. 
 
 Pilosty'les Thurberi (botany), XIV. 167, 1 he. 
 
 Pilot, XIII. 516. 
 
 Pilot Fisn, XIII. 516 (ill., 517). 
 
 Pilot Hill, county seat, VII. 524, 2 b. 
 
 Pilot Knob : see Iron Mountain, IX. 405, 2 a. 
 
 Pilot Mountain : see Ararat, I. 633, 2 a. 
 
 Pilot weed, plant, XV. 46, 2 a. 
 
 Piloty, Karl Theodor von [pe'-lo-te], German 
 painter, XIII. 517. Ferdinand, painter, 1 c. 
 
 Pilpay : see Bidpay. 
 
 Pils, Isidore Alexandre Augustin [peelss], 
 French painter, XIII. 517. 
 
 Pilsen [pil'-zen], city of Bohemia, XIII. 517. 
 
 Pilsenetz [pil'-zeh-nets], village, XIII. 517, 2 ab. 
 
 Pilularia (botany), referred to, X. 744, 1 b. 
 
 Pilum, Roman weapon, I. 742, 2 b. 
 
 Pim, Bedford Capperton Trevylian, English 
 naval officer, XIII. 517. 
 
 Pima [pe'-ma], county, XIII. 517. 
 
 Pimap'terus (ichthyology), IV. 109, 2 c. 
 
 Pimas, family of Indians, XIII. 518. 
 
 Pime'lea (botany), referred to, II. 287, 1 b. 
 
 Pimelo'dus (ichthyology), IV. 109, 1 c. P. 
 atrarius, 2 a (ill.)* P- nigricans and other 
 species, 2 c, If. 
 
 Pimento : see Allspice, I. 337, 1 c. 
 
 Pimos : see Pimas, and IV. 791, 2 b. 
 
 Pimpernel, plant, XIII. 518 (ill.). 
 
 Pimpinella (botany), I. 527, 2 be. P. anisum, 
 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Pin, XIII. 518. Pin-making machines, 519, 
 1 c. Methods of manufacture, 2 ab. Stick¬ 
 ing machines, 520, 1 ab. 
 
 Pinakothek [pe-na-ko-tek'j, picture gallery of 
 Munich, XII. 42, 2 c. 
 
 Pinang : see Penang. 
 
 Pinang, palm, XIII. 17, 2 a. 
 
 Pinchbeck, alloy, III. 213, 2 ab. Supposed 
 inventor of, XIV. 470, 2 c. 
 
 Pinching, in pruning, XIV. 42, 2 c. 
 
 Pincian hill, Rome, XIV. 414, 2 c. (See 
 plan, 402.) 
 
 Pinckney, family of South Carolina, XIII. 
 
 520. Charles Cotesworth, 2 ab. Thomas, 
 
 521, 1 ab. Charles, 1 c. 
 
 Pinckneya : see Georgia Bark. 
 
 Pinckneyville, county seat, XIII. 311, 2 c. 
 Pindar, Greek poet, XIII. 521. 
 
 Pindar, a name of the peanut, XIII. 210, 1 b. 
 Pindar, the Polish, so styled, X. 37, 1 b. 
 Pindarries, Hindoo marauders, IX. 210, 2 c. 
 Pindemonte, Ippolito [pin-da-mon'-ta], Italian 
 poet, XIII. 522. Giovanni, 1 be. 
 
 Pindus, mountain range of Greece, XIII. 522; 
 
 VIII. 186, 1 be; XVI. 56, 1 be. 
 
 Pine, tree, XIII. 522. Botanical description,* 
 2 a (ill.). Species of the Atlantic states, 523, 
 1 c. White or Weymouth pine, ib. (ill.). 
 Southern yellow pine, 524, 1 a. Old-field 
 pine, 2 a. Pitch pine, 2 b. Short-leaved 
 yellow pine, 2 c. Red pine, 525, 1 a. Scrub 
 pines, &c., 1 b.—Western pines, 2 a. Sugar 
 pine, 2 c (cone, ill.). Great-hooked or Coul¬ 
 ter’s pine, 526, 1 be (cone, ill.). Sabine’s or 
 nut pine, 1 c. Western yellow pine, 2 c 
 (ill.). Hew Mexican nut pine, 527,1 a (cone, 
 ill., 526).—Extra-American cultivated pines, 
 ib. Scotch pine, 1 be (cone, ill.), &c.—Prop¬ 
 agation, 2 a.—Kauri pine, XII. 410, 1 c; 
 Totara, 2 a. 
 
 Pine, county, XIII. 527. 
 
 Pineapple, fruit, XIII. 527 (ill., 528). Flower, 
 528, 1 b (ill.). Trade in pineapples, 2 a. 
 Varieties, 2 b. Pineapple goods, 529, 1 a. 
 Pine barrens, XIII. 524, 1 ab. 
 
 Pine Bluff, county seat, IX. 587, 1 b. 
 
 Pineal body [pin'-e-al], of the brain, III. 191,1 c. 
 Pinel, Philippe [pe-nSl], French physician, 
 XIII. 529. See Insanity, IX. 298, 1 a. His 
 theory of disease, opposition to : see Brous- 
 
 SAIS. 
 
 Pine Level, county seat, XI. 90, 1 b. 
 
 Pine marten, animal, XI. 205, 1 a (ill.); XIV. 
 508, 2 ab. 
 
 Pinerolo [pe-na-ro'-lo], city of Italy, XIII. 529. 
 Pines, Isle of, in the Caribbean sea, XIII. 529. 
 
 In the South Pacific, 2 c. 
 
 Pine Snake, XIII. 530. 
 
 Pineta [pe-na'-ta], pine forest, XIV. 219, 2 be. 
 Pineville, county seat, X. 778, 1 c. 
 
 Piney dammar, resin, V. 313, 1 c. 
 
 Pin grass, kind of geranium, VII. 733, 2 b (ill.). 
 Pingre, Alexandre Gui [pa ng -gra], French as¬ 
 tronomer, XIII. 530. 
 
 Pinguic'ula, genus of plants, XIII. 530. P. 
 vulgaris, 1 c (ill.). Insectivorous, 2 a. 
 
PINICOLA 
 
 PISA 
 
 601 
 
 Pinic'ola Canadensis (ornithology), VIII. 264, 
 1 a. P. enucleator, 1 c. 
 
 Pinion, of a wheel, XVI. 591, 2 a. Of a clock 
 or watch, IV. 699, 2 c; centre pinion, 700, 
 1 b ; cannon pinion, ib. 
 
 Pink, plant, XIII. 530. Sweet William, or 
 bunch pink, 531, 1 a (ill., 530). Florist’s 
 pink, 2 be (ill.). Clove pink, 1 c. Picotee 
 pink, 2 b (ill.). Carnation pink, 2 b (ill.). 
 China pink, 532, 1 a (ill., 531). Mule pinks, 
 531, 2 c. Indian pink, &c.: see Pinkroot. 
 
 Pinkerton, John, Scottish author, XIII. 532. 
 
 “ Pink of my Johnf plant, XVI. 363, 1 a. 
 
 Pink-gill, mushroom, XII. 71, 1 be. 
 
 Pinkney, William, American lawyer and diplo¬ 
 matist, XIII. 532. Edward Coate, poet, 2 b. 
 
 Pinkroot, plant, XIII. 532 (ill., 533). 
 
 Pin machine , for making lace, X. 79, 2 b. 
 
 Pinna , shell fish, III. 513, 1 ab, b. P. nobilis, 
 XV. 40, 1 b. 
 
 Pinnately veined (leaf), X. 264, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Pinna Vestina : see Civita di Penne. 
 
 Pinnigrades, a division of mammals, XIII. 
 533; IV. 10, 2 b. 
 
 Pinnoth' cres ostre'um (zoology), V. 450, 1 c. 
 
 Pinole [pe-no'-la], food, XI. 43, 2 be. 
 
 Pinones [pe-nyo'-nace], pine seeds, XIII. 527,1 a. 
 
 Pinos Altos [pe'-noce al'-toce], county seat, 
 VIII. 155, 2 c. 
 
 Pintado [pin-tu/-do]: see Guinea Fowl. 
 
 Pinto , species of leprosy, VIII. 299, 2 c. 
 
 Pinto, Mendez: see Mendez Pinto. 
 
 Pinto de Fonseca : see Chaves, Marquis of. 
 
 Pinturicchio, Bernardino [pin-too-reek'-kyo], 
 Italian painter, XIII. 533. 
 
 Pinus (botany), XIII. 522, 1 c. P. cedrus, 
 IV. 164, 2 c. P. deodara, ib. P. Douglasii, 
 III. 606, 1 c. P. brachyptera, ib. P. Coul- 
 teri (P. macrocarpa), XIII. 526, 1 c (ill.). 
 P. edulis, 527, 1 a; III. 606, 2 a. P. Lam- 
 bertiana, 1 c ; XIII. 525, 2 c. (ill.). P. pon- 
 derosa, 526, 2 c (ill.). P. strobus, 523, 1 c 
 (ill.). P. sylvestris, 527, 1 b (ill.). See 
 Pine for other species. 
 
 Pin Worm, XIII. 533; I. 804, 1 a. 
 
 Pin'zon [Sp. peen-thoan'], Spanish family of 
 navigators, XIII. 533. Martin Alonso, 2 c. 
 Vicente Yafiez, 534,1 b. Francisco Martin, 
 1 c. See Columbus. 
 
 Pioche [pe-o'-cha], county seat, X. 488, 1 c. 
 
 Piombino [pyome-be'-no], town of Italy, XIII. 
 534. Princess of, III. 25, 2 be. 
 
 Piombo, Fra Sebastiano del, painter, XIII. 534. 
 
 Pi'ony : see P^eony. 
 
 Pioph'ila (entomology), VII. 295, 2 b. P. 
 
 casei, 1 c (ills.); VI. 130, 1 be. 
 
 Piorry, Pierre Adolphe [pyor-re], French phy¬ 
 sician, XIII. 534. 
 
 Piotrkow [pyotr'-kov], government of Russia, 
 XIII. 535. Capital, 1 a. 
 
 Pioz'zi, Hester Lynch [It. pyot'-se], English 
 authoress, XIII. 535. See Johnson, Samuel, 
 IX. 666, 2 a. 
 
 Pipa (zoology), XV. 778, 2 c. P. Americana, 
 779, 1 b (ill.); I. 438, 1 b. 
 
 Pipe, organ: see Pipes (Index). 
 
 Pipe, Tobacco, XIII. 535. 
 
 Pipe Fish, XIII. 536 (ill.). Serrated, 2 be (ill.). 
 
 Method of incubation, VII. 239, 2 a. 
 
 Pipe tree: see Lilac, X. 468, 1 be. 
 
 Piper (botany), XIII. 279, 2 be. P. betle, II. 
 593 (ill.). P. cubeba, V. 555, 2 c (ill., 556). 
 P. mythisticum, VII. 110, 2 a. P. nigrum, 
 XIII. 279, 2 a (ill.). P. trioicum, 280, 2 a. 
 Piper bird, XVI. 109, 2 c. 
 
 Piper of Hameln, VIII. 411, 2 c. 
 
 Pipera'cece (botany), III. 761, 1 a. 
 
 Pipes, of organs, XII. 689, 1 c; 74, 1 c, ff. 
 
 Reed pipes, 689, 2 ab; 74, 2 b. 
 
 Pipestone, county, XIII. 537. 
 
 Pip'ilo erythrophthal'mus (ornithology), IV. 
 394, 1 b. 
 
 Pip'it, bird, XV. 774, 1 c. 
 
 Pippi : see Giulio Romano. 
 
 Pi'pra pare’ola (ornithology), XI. 88, 1 b. 
 Pips, of lily of the valley, X. 474, 1 a. 
 Pipsis'sewa : see Chimapiiila. 
 
 Piqua [pe'-kwa], city of Ohio, XIII. 537. 
 Piquet [pe-ket'; Fr. pe-ka], game of cards, 
 XIII. 537. Piquet pack, VI. 384, 2 ab. 
 Piracy, XIII. 538. Legal definitions of, 1 c. 
 Procedure against, 2 a. In the United States, 
 2 b, ff. Slave trade declared piracy, 539, 1 b. 
 Phle'us, port of Athens, XIII. 539; II. 59,1 be. 
 Piranesi, Giovanni Battista [pe-ra-na'-ze], 
 Italian engraver, XIII. 539. 
 
 Piranha [pe-ra'-nya], fish, III. 226, 1 a. 
 Piranhas, river of Brazil, XIV. 342, 1 ab. 
 Pire'ne, fountain, V. 353, 1 a. City of, ib. 
 Pirithous [pi-rith'-o-us], mythical, X. 161, 2 c. 
 Pirmasens [peer'-ma-zence], Bavaria, XIII. 539. 
 Pirna [peer'-na], Saxony, XIII. 539. 
 
 Piron, Alexis [pe-ro ng ], French dramatist, XIII. 
 
 539. Marie Th6rese Quenaudon, his wife, 
 
 540, 1 b. 
 
 ' » 
 
 Pi'sa, town of ancient Greece, XIII. 540. 
 
 Pisa [pe'-za], province of Italy, XIII. 540. 
 Capital city, 2 ab. Cathedral, baptistery, 
 
602 
 
 PISACANE 
 
 PITT 
 
 and leaning tower, 2 b (ill.); leaning tower, 
 
 III. 661, 2 a. Campo Santo, XIII. 541, 1 a; 
 
 IV. 187, 2 be. History, XIII. 541, 1 ab. 
 Council of Pisa, V. 268, 1 be. 
 
 Pisacane , Col. [pe-za-ka'-na], (Carlo, duke of 
 San Giovanni, born 1823), insurgent leader, 
 IX. 452, 1 c. 
 
 Pisan calculation , of the civil year, III. 580,1 a. 
 Pisano, Nicola [pe-za'-no], Italian sculptor, 
 XIII. 541. Giovanni, architect, 2 b. An¬ 
 drea : see Andrea Pisano. 
 
 Pisa'tis , district of Greece, VI. 529,1 be, c. 
 Pisaurum: see Pesaro. 
 
 Piscat'aqua, river of New England, XIII. 541. 
 Piscataquis, county, XIII. 541. 
 
 Pisciculture : see Fish Culture. 
 
 Piscina, in ancient baths, II. 382, 2 b, c. Syn- 
 onyme for baptistery, 292, la. A basin in 
 the chancel, IV. 253, 2 b. 
 
 Pise, Charles Constantine, American clergy¬ 
 man, XIII. 542. 
 
 Pisoah, mountain of Palestine, XIII. 542. 
 Pishtak'a , river, VII. 363, 2 a. 
 
 Pisidia, in ancient geography, XIII. 542. 
 Pisis'tratus, tyrant of Athens, XIII. 543 ; II. 
 
 55, 2 a; I. 263, 2 c, 264, 1 a.. 
 
 Pisseleu, Anne de [pees-luh]: see Etampes, 
 Duchess d’. 
 
 Pista'cia (botany), XIII. 543, 1 c. P. vera, 
 ib. P. terebinthus, 2 c. P. lentiscus, ib. 
 (ill.); XI. 265, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Pistachio [pis-ta'-sho], tree and nut, XIII. 543 
 (ill.). 
 
 Pistil , of plants, XIII. 585, 1 b, 2 a (ills.); 
 557, 1 c; 590, 1 c. 
 
 Pistillidia , of liverworts, X. 542, 1 c. 
 
 Pistoja, or Pistoia [pis-to'-ya], city of Italy, 
 XIII. 543. Synod at, XVI. 106, 2 a. 
 
 Pistol, XIII. 544. Early pistols, 2 a (ills.). 
 Delvigne’s pistol, 2 c (ill.). Colt’s revolver, 
 
 545, 1 a (ill.); Lefaucheux’s, 1 c; Smith and 
 Wesson’s, 2 ab (ill.); Eemington, 2 b (ill.). 
 Annual production of revolvers, 2 c. U. S. 
 cavalry pistol, cartridge, and ball, ib. ; navy, 
 
 546, 1 a. Origin of the name, I. 745, 2 a. 
 Pistole, gold coin, XIII. 546. 
 
 Pistorium : see Pistoja. 
 
 Pisum sativum (botany), XIII. 201, 1 c (ill.). 
 P. arvense, 202, 1 a. 
 
 Pita [pe'-ta], vegetable fibre, VIII. 633, 2 b. 
 Pita flax, I. 180, 1 c. Pita plant, III. 665, 
 2 b ; XVI. 800, 1 a. 
 
 Pitaval, Francois Gayot de [pe-tii-val], French 
 author, XIII. 546. 
 
 Pitcairn , Major (John), X. 389, 1 be; III. 
 437, 1 b. 
 
 Pitcairn Island, Pacific ocean, XIII. 546. 
 Mutineers of the Bounty, 1 c. 
 
 Pitch, XIII. 546. Pitch knot, 524, 1 c; wood, 
 2 be. Burgundy pitch, 547, 1 a; spurious, 
 lab. Canada pitch, 1 b. Coal-tar pitch, 1 be. 
 
 Pitch of a saw , XIV. 651, 2 b. 
 
 Pitch of sound , in the musical scale, XV. 175, 
 1 be, 184, 2 c; XII. 73, 2 be; I. 70, 1 a. 
 Pitch of tone, XII. 77, 2 b. Pitch pipe, XIV. 
 242, 1 c. 
 
 Pitcher Plants, XIII. 547. Traveller’s tree, 
 
 1 c. Northern pitcher plant, 2 be (ill.); 
 California, 548, 2 b (ill.); Venezuela, 549, 1 a 
 (ill.); Australian, 1 c (ill.). Nepenthes, 2 c 
 (ill., 550). Insectivorous, 550, 2 a. Pitcher 
 plants referred to, IX. 310, 1 be; X. 267,1 c; 
 III. 104, 1 c. 
 
 Pith, of a plant, XIII. 579, 1 c. Of a feather, 
 VII. 104, 1 a. 
 
 Pithecia (zoology), XI. 751, 2 c. P. satanas, 
 chiropotes, and melanocephala, ib. P. leu- 
 cocephala, 752, 1 a. 
 
 Pithe'cus (zoology), XII. 667, 2 a; I. 580, 2 b. 
 P. satyrus, XII. 667, 2 a (ill.). P. Wurmbii, 
 ib. P. Abelii or bicolor, 669, 1 a. P. morio, 
 ib. P. antiquus, XI. 753, 1 c. 
 
 Pithour, supposed ruins of, II. 483, 1 b. 
 
 Pitkin, Timothy, American historian, XIII. 550. 
 
 Pitman, Isaac, inventor of phonography, XIII. 
 551. Benn, 459,* 2 b; 459, 2 a; 461, 1 c. 
 
 Pitra, Jean Baptiste [pe-tra], French cardinal, 
 XIII. 551. 
 
 Pitt, county, XIII. 551. 
 
 Pitt, William, first earl of Chatham, English 
 statesman, XIII. 551. Opposition to Wal¬ 
 pole’s ministry, 2 ab. Secretary of state, and 
 virtually prime minister, 2 c. Military suc¬ 
 cesses and commercial prosperity, ib. Lord 
 privy seal, 552,1 ab. Elevation to the peer¬ 
 age and decline in popular favor, 1 ab. Op¬ 
 position to the stamp act and other measures 
 affecting the American colonies, 1 a, b. Last 
 appearance in public, 1 c.—William, his son, 
 statesman, 2 a. Parliamentary career, 2 b, 
 ff. Prime minister, 553, 1 a. Plan for re¬ 
 deeming the national debt, 1 be. War with 
 France, 2 ab. Domestic policy, 2 b. Legis¬ 
 lative union of Ireland with Great Britain, 
 
 2 be. Retirement from office, 2 c; recalled, 
 ib. Disappointments and death, 554, 1 a. 
 
 Pitt diamond , XIII. 551, 2 a. 
 
 Pitt and Newcastle ministry , VII. 706, 2 b. 
 
PITTACIAN 
 
 PLANETS 
 
 603 
 
 Pittacian land, XIII. 554, 1 b. 
 
 Pittacus, one of the seven wise men, XIII. 554. 
 Pitti palace, gallery of the, VII. 276, 1 ah. 
 Pitt river , California, XIV. 511, 2 a. 
 
 Pittsboro , county seats, III. 583, 1 b; IV. 336, 1 c. 
 Pittsburgh, city of Pennsylvania, XIII. 554 
 (view). Population, 2 a. Description, 2 b. 
 Intercommunication, 2 c. Shipping business, 
 555, 2 a; manufacturing, 1 c, ff. Charitable 
 and educational institutions, 556, 1 b. Church¬ 
 es, 2 a. History, 2 ab. 
 
 Pittsburgh Landing, Battle of: see SniLon, 
 and VIII. 15V, 2 c. 
 
 Pittsfield, town of Massachusetts, XIII. 557. 
 Pittsfield , county seat, XIII. 512, 1 b. 
 Pittston, borough of Pennsylvania, XIII. 557. 
 Pittsylvania, county, XIII. 557'. 
 
 Pittsylvania C. H., county seat, XIII. 557, 2 b. 
 Pitwitary body , of the brain, III. 191, 2 b. 
 Pitu'ophis melanoleucus (zoology), XIII. 530,1 a. 
 Pityri'asis versicolor , skin disease, VI. 687, 1 c 
 (ill.) ; 689, 2 a. 
 
 Pityusa: see Lampsacus, and Miletus. 
 
 Piura [pu'-ra], city of Peru, XIII. 557. 
 
 Pius, name of nine popes, XIII. 557. I., Saint, 
 2 c. II., iEneas Sylvius Piccolomini, 558, 
 1 a. IV., Gianangelo de’ Medici, 2 a. V., 
 Saint (Michele Ghislieri), 2 c; XIV. 325, 
 1 ab. VI., Gianangelo Braschi, XIII. 559, 
 
 1 c; XV. 660, 2 b. VII., Barnaba Luigi 
 Chiaramonti, XIII. 560, 1 a. IX., Giovanni 
 Maria Mastai-Ferretti, 2 c (died 1878). 
 
 Piute', county, XIII. 565. 
 
 Pi-Utes ; see Utes. 
 
 Pixies: see Fairies, VII. 65, 1 b. 
 
 Pixis, Theodor Ludwig August, German paint¬ 
 er, XIII. 565. 
 
 Piyutim [pe-yoo-teem'], (plural of piyut or 
 pijut ), in Hebrew literature, VIII. 596, 1 a. 
 Pizar'ro, Francisco [Sp. pe-thar'-ro], Spanish 
 adventurer, XIII. 565. His cruelty, XI. 97, 
 
 2 a. Gonzalo, XIII. 566, 1 b. Hernando, 
 
 1 c. Juan, referred to, I. 400, 2 a. 
 Placenta, in anatomy: see Embryology, VI. 
 
 564, 2 a, and Obstetrics, XII. 569, 2 c, 570, 
 
 2 c. Placenta of pistil, in botany, XIII. 
 587, 2 b. 
 
 Placental murmur, in auscultation, II. 126,1 a. 
 Placentia : see Piacenza, XIII. 487, 1 c, 2 a. 
 Placer [plas'-er; Sp. pla-sair'], XIII. 566. 
 Placerville , county seat, VI. 496, 2 be. 
 Placidia, Galla , Roman princess, II. 51, 1 a 
 (married to Ataulphus) ; V. 279,1 be; XVI. 
 564, 1 c. (Died 450 or 451.) 
 
 Placita [plas'-e-ta], of Roman emperors, IV. 
 620, 2 c. 
 
 Placita [pla-se'-ta], county seat, X. 488, 1 c. 
 
 Placoids, fishes, XIII. 566 ;« V. 183, 2 b. 
 
 Plactia, meetings of Frankish tribes, IV. 247,2 a. 
 
 Placuna (ichthyology), XII. 773, 2 a. P. pla¬ 
 centa, ib. P. sella, ib. 
 
 Plagiochila macros'toma [pla-je-o-ki'-la], liver¬ 
 wort (ill.), X. 543. 
 
 Plagiostomes [pla'-je-o-stomes], fishes, XIII. 
 566; XIV. 826, 1 c. 
 
 Plague, XIII. 567; VII. 164, 2 be. Plague 
 of Athens, VIII. 192, 1 c. 
 
 Plaice: see Flounder, VII. 287, 1 a. 
 
 Plaid [plad], highland garment, XIV. 700, 2 a. 
 
 Plain, the: see Palestine, XIII. 5, 2 b. 
 
 Plain of Malpais, IX. 686, 1 b. 
 
 Plain ruling machine , for bank-note engra¬ 
 ving, VI. 655, 2 a. 
 
 Plainfield, city of New Jersey, XIII. 568. 
 
 Plains of Abraham: see Abraham, heights of 
 (Index). 
 
 Plan, in ship building, XIV. 862, 1 b. 
 
 Plan of Ayutla [a-yoot'-la], I. 372, 2 a. 
 
 Plan of Iguala [e-gwa'-la], IX. 472, 1 ab. 
 
 Plana, Giovanni Antonio Amadeo de, baron 
 [pla'-na], Italian astronomer, XIII. 568. 
 
 Planarians, family of worms, XIII. 568 (ill.). 
 
 Planasia: see Lerins. 
 
 Planche, James Robinson [pla ng -sha/], English 
 author, XIII. 568. 
 
 Planche, Jean Baptiste Gustave [pla ng sh], 
 French critic, XIII. 568. 
 
 Plancher, in architecture, I. 657, 1 b. 
 
 Plane of polarization, of light, X. 446, 1 a. 
 
 Plane polarized light, X. 447, 2 a. 
 
 Plane of projection, in drawing, VI. 251, 1 a. 
 
 Plane table, in metallurgy, XI. 423, 2 c. 
 
 Planer, in printing, XIII. 851, 2 a. 
 
 Planera aquatica (botany), VI. 552, 1 a. 
 
 Planer Tree : see Elm, VI. 552, 1 a. 
 
 Planet, XIII. 568. Scale of the parts of the 
 planetary system, 569, 1 b. Spherical do¬ 
 main of a planet, 2 be. Rotation periods, 
 571, 1 a. Orbital motions, 1 c. 
 
 Planeta, vestment, IV. 332, 1 ab. 
 
 Planetarium, XII. 711, 1 c; IX. 98, 1 be. 
 
 Planetary system, constitution of the, X. 379, 
 1 c, 2 ab. 
 
 Plane Tree, XIII. 572. American, 1 c (ill.); 
 California, 2 ab (ill.). Oriental plane tree 
 (valley of Buyukdere), age of, I. 184, 1 b. 
 
 Planets, superior, XI. 191, 1 a; primary, XIII. 
 569, 1 be; of ancient astronomy, 1 a. 
 
604 
 
 PLANH 
 
 PLATINOUS 
 
 Planh^ in Provencal poetry, XIV. 40, 1 c. 
 Planim'etry , in geometry, VII. 700, 1 a. 
 Planing Machine, XIII. 573. 
 
 Planishing: see Saw, XIV. 651, 2 a. 
 
 Plant, XIII. 573. Development of the lower 
 plants, 2 b (ills.). Germination and growth 
 from tire seed, 574, 2 a. The root, 576, 1 c. 
 The stem, 2 c. The leaf, 578, 1 a. Internal 
 structure, 1 b (ills.). Growth of dicotyledo¬ 
 nous stems, 579, 1 b (ills.): see 575, 2 c. 
 Monocotyledonous stems, 580, 2 a (ills.): see 
 575, 2 c. Epidermal tissue, 581, 1 a. Phys¬ 
 iology of plants, 1 b; relation to animals, 
 582, 1 c. Movement of liquids in plants, 2 c. 
 Automatic movements and irritability, 583, 
 2 a. Propagation by division, 2 c. Inflores¬ 
 cence, 584, 1 c. Structure of the flower, 2 c 
 (ills., 585); floral envelopes, 586, 1 b; or¬ 
 gans, 2 c. The ovule and fertilization, 587, 
 2 c. Morphology of the flower, 588, 1 b. 
 Double flowers, 589, 2 c. The fruit, 590, 
 
 1 c. The seed, 591, 2 b. Classification of 
 plants, 592,1 c. Plant distribution, 593, 1 a 
 (chart of). See Plants (Index). 
 
 Plantagenet [plan-taj'-e-net], surname of a 
 royal family of England, XIII. 594. 
 Planta'go (botany), XIII. 594, 2 ab. P. major, 
 
 2 b (ill., 595). P. lanceolata, 2 c. P. Vir¬ 
 ginia, 595, 1 b. P. Patagonica, ib. P. de- 
 cumbens, 1 be. 
 
 Plantain, weed-like plant, XIII. 594. Com¬ 
 mon, 2 b (ill., 595). Rib grass, 2 c. Ameri¬ 
 can species, 595, 1 b.—A fruit, 2 a. 
 Plantain Eater, bird, XIII. 595. Senegal, 
 2 b' (ill.). American, 2 c. 
 
 Plant bug , VIII. 629, 2 b. 
 
 Plant Cutter, bird, XIII. 596 (ill.). 
 Plantigrades, division of mammals, XIII. 596 ; 
 
 VI. 107, 2 a; IV. 10, 2 b. 
 
 Plant Louse: see Aphis. Fecundity of, IX. 
 313, 1 be. 
 
 Plants , elements of, 1.193, 2 b; organized and 
 unorganized substance, 194, 2 c. Formation 
 of wood, 218,1 a. Chemical effects of their 
 respiration, II. 84, 2 a. Natural division of, 
 
 VII. 632, 2 a. Migration of, IX. 44, 1 be. 
 Metamorphosis of, Goethe’s theory, XII. 
 210, 1 a. Sexual production, XIII. 134,1 c. 
 Phosphorescence, 461, 2 c. Age of plants 
 and trees, I. 183, 2 c; of trees, how com¬ 
 puted, 184, 2 b. See Plant. 
 
 Planu'des, Maximus (Byzantine ambassador to 
 Venice 1327, editor of the Greek Anthology, 
 author of works on theology, natural history, 
 
 &c.), life of iEsop by, I. 153, 1 b. Arith¬ 
 metic of, 708, 1 ab. 
 
 Plaquemines [plak-meen'], parish of Louisiana, 
 XIII. 596. 
 
 Plaquemines , county seat, IX. 142, 1 be. 
 Plassey, Battle of: see Clive, IV. 694, 1 c. 
 Plasson: see Protoplasm, XIV. 33, 2 c, 35,2 c. 
 Plaster, lead , VIII. 47, 2 ab. 
 
 Plaster of Paris : see Gypsum, VIII. 358,2 a, 
 359, 1 ab. In fire-proof safes,573, 1 ab: see 
 Safe. Hard plaster, 359, 1 c ; soft, ib. 
 Plastic corpuscles, in inflammation, IX. 276, 2 a. 
 Plastic nature, Cudworth’s theory of, V. 560, 
 1 ab. 
 
 Plastids, plastidules: see Protoplasm, XIV. 
 34, 2 be. 
 
 Plata, La: see Argentine Republic. 
 
 Plata, Rio de la [re'-o da la pla'-ta], river of 
 South America, XIII. 596. 
 
 Plat^e'a, or Platseae, city of Boeotia, XIII. 597. 
 
 Battle of, VIII. 190, 2 b. 
 
 Plata'lea (ornithology), XV. 285, 1 c. P. leu- 
 corodia, 286, 1 a (ill., 285). 
 
 Platale'idce, family of birds, XV. 285, 1 c. 
 Platanista Gangetica (ichthyology), XV. 167, 
 
 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Plat'anus (botany), XIII. 572, 1 a. P. occi¬ 
 dentals, 1 c (ill.). P. racemosus, 2 ab (ill.). 
 Plate, in heraldry, VIII. 672, 2 c. 
 
 Plateau [pla-to'J: see Mountain, XII. 8, 1 a. 
 Plateau du Goteau du Missouri, X. 575, 1 b. 
 Plateau du coteau desprairies, XIII. 802,1 c. 
 Plated Ware, XIII. 598. French plating, 1 ab; 
 English (true plating), ib. Electro-plating, 
 
 2 ab; VII. 600, 1 a. 
 
 Plat'emys (zoology), XV. 810, 2 b. 
 
 Plat'en, of printing press, XIII. 852, 1 b. 
 Platen, August, count [pla'-ten], German poet, 
 
 XIII. 598. 
 
 Plater, Thomas [pla'-ter], mediaeval university 
 bacchant, autobiography of, II. 193, 1 b. 
 Platessa (ichthyology), VII. 286, 2 a. P. plana, 
 ib. (ill.). P. ferruginea, &c., 2 b. P. vul¬ 
 garis, 287, 1 a. P. flesus, ib. (ill.). P. li- 
 manda, 1 b. 
 
 Platform, of a political party, IV. 136, 1 a. 
 Platform scale, XVI. 537, 1 be. 
 
 Plate, Johann Heinrich [plat], German sino¬ 
 logue, XIII. 598. 
 
 Plating , French, XIII. 598, 1 b. English meth¬ 
 od (true plating), ib. 
 
 Platinic chloride, XIII. 600, 1 be. 
 Platinosochlorides, XIII. 600, 1 be. 
 
 Platinous chloride , XIII. 600, 1 b. 
 
PLATINUM 
 
 PLEURAPOPHYSES 
 
 605 
 
 Plat'inum, metal, XIII. 598. Discovery and 
 sources of, 2 c, ff. Extraction of, 599, 1 b. 
 Properties, 2 ab. Compounds, 600, 1 ab. 
 
 Platinum retort: see Sulphuric Acid, XV. 
 459, 2 c (ill., 460). 
 
 Platirostra (ichthyology), XV. 432, 2 a. 
 
 Plato, Greek philosopher, XIII. 600. Ilis 
 writings, 601, 1 b. His philosophy, 2 c; 
 437, 2 c. Dialectics, 601, 2 c. Physics, 603, 
 1 a; theory of the ether, VI. 746,1 b. Ethics, 
 XIII. 603, 1 c; XI. 808, 2 a, c. Tendency 
 to a trinity of doctrines, XIII. 604,1 a. Spirit 
 of his writings, ib. Translations of them, 
 1 b. His Republic, XV. 139, 2 b. See Po¬ 
 litical Economy, XIII. 664, 2 c. Dissuaded 
 from burning the works of Democritus, IV. 
 684, 1 be. 
 
 Platoff, Matvei Ivanovitch, count [pla'-tof], 
 Russian general, XIII. 604; II. 93, 1 b. 
 
 Pla'ton Levshin', Russian prelate and his¬ 
 torian, XIII. 604. 
 
 Platonic academy of Cosmo , VII. 665, 2 be. 
 
 Platonic or great year: see Firmament. 
 
 Platt, Sir Hugh , on farming, I. 203, 1 b. 
 
 Platt-Deutsch [plat'-doitsh], modern Low Ger¬ 
 man, VII. 740, 1 b. 
 
 Platte, two counties, XIII. 605. 
 
 Platte City , county seat, XIII. 605, 1 ab. 
 
 Platte county defensive association , IX. 753,2 ab. 
 
 Platte River: see Nebraska, XII. 194, 2 be. 
 
 Plattsburgh, town of New York, XIII. 605. 
 
 Plattsburgh , county seat, IV. 686, 1 a. 
 
 Plattsmouth , county seat, IV. 59, 2 a. 
 
 Platycercus (ornithology), XIII. 123, 1 c. P. 
 eximius, 2 a. 
 
 Platyce'rium gran'de (botany), (ill.), VII. 151, 2. 
 
 Platydac’ tylus (zoology), VII. 656, 2 c. P. 
 guttatus, 657, 1 b (ill.), &c. 
 
 Platypeltis (zoology), XV. 810, 2 a. 
 
 Plat'ypus : see Ornithorhynchus, XII. 709, 
 1 c. Duck-billed platypus, ib. 
 
 Platyrrhini (zoology), XI. 750, 2 a, 753, 1 c. 
 
 Platysma myoides (anatomy), VIII. 825, 2 b. 
 Referred to, II. 738, 1 a. 
 
 Plauen [plow'-en], town of Saxony, XIII. 605. 
 
 Plautus, Titus Maccius, Roman dramatist, 
 XIII. 605. 
 
 u Player's card,” in faro, VII. 89, 2 ab. 
 
 Playfair, John, Scottish natural philosopher, 
 XIII. 606. 
 
 Playfair, Lyon, English chemist, XIII. 606. 
 
 Playing \possum , XII. 652, 1 c. 
 
 Plaza de toros [pla'-tha da to'-roce], III. 426, 
 1 b; of Madrid, X. 836, 2 a. 
 
 Pleading, in law, XIII. 606. Special plead¬ 
 ing, 2 b; method of, 607, 1 c. Necessity 
 of reform, 608, 1 b. New Y T ork code, 2 a. 
 Pleasant Hill , county seat, XIV. 565, 2 a. 
 Pleasants, county, XIII. 608. 
 
 Pleasonton , county seat, II. 50, 2 c. 
 Plebe'ians, class of Roman citizens, XIII. 608. 
 Laws respecting them, 609, 1 a, ff. Seces¬ 
 sion of the, XIV. 403, 1 c. 
 
 Plebis'citum, in Roman law, XIII. 609; IV. 
 619, 1 a, 2 a. 
 
 Plectroph’anes (ornithology), III. 440, 1 b. P. 
 
 nivalis, ib. P. Lapponicus, ib. (ill.). 
 Plectropteri’nee (ornithology), VIII. 104, 2 c. 
 Plectrop’terus (ornithology), VIII. 104, 2 c. 
 Plectruda , wife of Pepin of Heristal, XIII. 
 278, 1 c; IV. 284, 1 a. 
 
 Plectrum , X. 760, 1 ab. Plectra, XIII. 488,1 a. 
 Pledge: see Pawn, and Pawnbroker. 
 
 Plegios de prosequendo, de retorno habendo , legal 
 pledges, XIV. 272, 2 b. 
 
 Pleiad, the [ple'-yad], association of French 
 poets, XIV. 419, 2 c. 
 
 Pleiades [ple'-ya-deez], group of stars, XIII. 
 
 609. Great year of the, II. 43, 2 c. 
 Pleiocene : see Pliocene. 
 
 Pleio’tus auri'tus (zoology), II. 377, 2 b (ill.). 
 Pleistocene epoch [plice'-to-seen], XIII. 613, 2 c. 
 Plenary indulgence , IX. 256, 2 c. 
 
 Plenum , allusion to the doctrine of in natural 
 philosophy, II. 325, 1 c. 
 
 Pleoch' roism, in crystallography, V. 539, 1 b. 
 Ple'odont : see Lizard, X. 551, 1 ab. 
 Pleom'eter , instrument for measuring a ship’s 
 velocity, XIII. 306, 2 be. 
 
 Pleonaste , precious stone, XV. 271, 2 b. 
 
 Piero'ma, in the Gnostic system, VIII. 52, 2 c. 
 Plesiosaurus, extinct marine reptile, XIII. 
 609. P. dolichodeirus, 2 c (ill.). Skeleton 
 of (ill.), 610. 
 
 Pleskov : see Pskov. 
 
 Pies'off, Russian grand chancellor, I. 293, 2 c. 
 Plessis, Joseph Octave [pla-se], Canadian bish¬ 
 op, XIII. 610. 
 
 Plessis-Marly, Seigneur du : see Moenay. 
 PuETno : see Gemistus. 
 
 Pleth'odon (zoology), XIV. 558, 1 ab. 
 
 Plethron, Greek land measure, I. 72, 2 c. 
 
 Pleti [pleh'-te], Russian scourge for criminals, 
 X. 31, 1 be. 
 
 Pleura, membrane, XIII. 610; X. 722, 1 b; 
 
 I. 462, 1 c. See Chest, XVI. 387, 2 a. 
 Pleural cavity, XIII. 610, 2 be. 
 Pleurapoph'yses (anatomy), XIII. 425, 1 a. 
 
606 
 
 PLEURISY 
 
 PNEUMATIC 
 
 Pleueisy, disease, XIII. 610. Treatment of 
 acute pleurisy, 611, 2 b; of chronic, 2 c. 
 Latent pleurisy, 612, 1 ab. 
 
 Pleueisy Root : see Milkweed, XI. 546, 1 c. 
 
 Pleurobrachia (zoology), Y. 543, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Pleuronec'tes (ichthyology), XYI. 45, 2 c. 
 
 Pleueo-Pneumonia : see Mueeain, XII. 58, 2 c. 
 
 Pleurosthot'onos , spasmodic disease, XV.666,2 a. 
 
 Pleyel, Ignaz [pli'-el; Fr. 3 *pla-yel], German 
 composer, XIII. 612. Joseph Ltienne Ca¬ 
 mille, French composer, 1 b. Marie Felicite, 
 pianist, ib. 
 
 Plica Polonica, disease, XIII. 612. P. cau- 
 data, 2 a.' 
 
 Pliniana , villa, Y. 171, 1 c. 
 
 Plin'y the Eldee, Roman author, XIII. 612. 
 His Historia Naturalis, 613, 1 be; Y. 606, 
 1 a ; X. 197, 1 b. On botany, III. 131, 2 ab ; 
 classification of reptiles, YIII. 692,1 c ; min¬ 
 erals, XI. 589, 1 a; iron, uses and manufac¬ 
 ture of, IX. 390, 1 a. Place of his death, 
 IY. 68, 2 c.—Pliny the Younger, XIII. 613, 
 1 c. Correspondence with Trajan, 2 ab; 
 discoverer of, YII. 818, 1 be. 
 
 Pliocene, geological epoch, XIII. 613. 
 
 Pliosaurus , extinct marine reptile, XIII. 610,1 b. 
 
 Plocaria tenax (botany), I. 299, 2 c. 
 
 Ploce'us (ornithology), XYI. 522, 1 ab. P. 
 pensilis, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Plock [plotsk], government of Russia, XIII. 
 614. Capital, 1 c. 
 
 Plockhuest, Bernhard [pluk'-hoorst], German 
 painter, XIII. 614. 
 
 Plombieees [pl6 ng -byair], French watering place, 
 XIII. 614. 
 
 Plon-plon [pl6 ng -plo ng ], nickname, III. 29, 2 a. 
 
 Ploti'nus, Neo-Platonic philosopher, XIII. 614. 
 See Philosophy, 439, 1 ab ; Moeal Philoso¬ 
 phy, XI. 810, 2 be; and Neo-Platonism. 
 
 Plotus (ornithology), Y. 692, 1 a. P. anhinga, 
 
 1 c (ill.), &c. 
 
 Plotzk : see Plock. 
 
 Plough, XIII. 615. Ancient ploughs, 1 ab 
 (ills.). Roman plough, I. 201, 2 ab. Mod¬ 
 ern ploughs, XIII. 615, 2 c. The most ap¬ 
 proved, 616,1 ab (ill.). Steam ploughs, 2 be, 
 ff.; steam draining apparatus, 617, 1 a (ill.); 
 Hinsdale’s ploughing engine, 1 c (ills.). 
 
 Plovee [pluv'-er], bird, XIII. 617. Golden 
 plover, 618, 1 c (ill.); "Wilson’s, 2 a; ring, 
 
 2 b; piping, 2 c; European ring, 619, 1 a; 
 black-bellied, 1 b; upland, 1 c (ill.). Dot¬ 
 terel, 618, 2 a. Spur-winged plover: see 
 Ceocodile, Y. 496, 2 a. 
 
 Plowden, Edmund, English lawyer, XIII. 619. 
 Plowden, Walter , consul, I. 46, 2 b, c. 
 
 “ Plucked” in university examinations, XII. 
 766, 1 b. 
 
 Plum, tree and fruit, XIII. 619. Beach plum, 
 
 620, 1 a; wild yellow or red, 1 b; Chicka¬ 
 saw, 1 c. European plum, 2 a. Green gage, 
 2 b (ill.). Quetsche, or German prune, 621, 
 1 c (ill.). Black wart, 1 a. Plum weevil, ib. 
 
 Plumage of birds: see Feathees. 
 
 Plumas, county, XIII. 621. 
 
 Plumbago : see Geaphite. 
 
 Plumbic acetate , I, 61, 2 ab. See Lead, X. 
 
 246, 1 a. • .*—• 
 
 Plumbum cinereum , alchemical, II. 666, 2 c. 
 Plum'ee, William, American politician, XIII. 
 
 621. 
 
 Plumee, William Swan, clergyman, XIII. 621. 
 Plumptee, Edward Hayes, English clergyman, 
 XIII. 622. 
 
 Plumule , of the young plant, XIII. 575, 1 a. 
 Plhm weevil , XIII. 621, 1 a; Y. 581, 2 a. 
 Plunket, William Conyngham, baron, Irish 
 lawyer, XIII. 622. 
 
 Plutaech, Greek writer, XIII. 622. His opin¬ 
 ion of the Epicurean philosophy, 438, 2 b. 
 Pluto, in mythology, XIII. 623. 
 
 Pluton: see Plutus. 
 
 Plutonian or iron age , I. 185, 2 c. 
 
 Plutonian theory: see Centeal Heat. 
 Plutonium , cave, YIII. 717, 2 c. 
 
 Plutus, in mythology, XIII. 623, 1 b. 
 
 Plymley, Peter, pseudonyme, XY. 121, 2 b. 
 Plymouth [plim'-uth], two counties, XIII. 623. 
 Plymouth, town of Massachusetts, XIII. 623. 
 Plymouth rock, 624, 1 a (canopy over, ill., 
 623) ; material and original place, III. 167,1 b. 
 Plymouth, town of North Carolina, XIII. 624. 
 Plymouth , county seat, XI. 198, 2 c. 
 Plymouth, seaport of England, XIII. 624. 
 
 Guildhall, 625,1 a (ill.). Cottonian library, ib. 
 Plymouth breakwater, III. 236, 2 b (ill.). 
 Plymouth Beetheen, Christian denomination, 
 XIII. 625. 
 
 Plymouth Centre, county seat, XIII. 623, 2 a. 
 Plymouth colony, XI. 257, 2 c. 
 
 Plymouth company for colonizing America , 
 XVI. 150, 1 c. 
 
 Plymouth Dock (Devonport), YI. 58, 2 c. 
 Pneumatic Despatch, XIII. 626; 629, 2 b. 
 Pneumatic lift, Y. 73, 2 b. 
 
 Pneumatic power, for organs, XII. 690, 1 c. 
 Pneumatic pump, double, XIII. 626, 1 ab. 
 Pneumatic Railway, XIII. 627. 
 
PNEUMATIC 
 
 POINT 
 
 607 
 
 Pneumatic stop, of reed instruments, XIV. 
 243, 2 a. 
 
 Pneumatics, XIII. 628; XII. 690, 2 a. Dis¬ 
 tinguishing characteristic of aeriform bodies, 
 XIII. 628,1 b. Atmospheric pressure, 2 ab. 
 First pneumatic law (Boyle’s and Mariotte’s), 
 2 b; second (of Dalton and Gay-Lussac), 
 2 be; modifications of^2 c, ff. Table of den¬ 
 sities, pressures, &c., 629, 1 be. Velocity of 
 liquids flowing from an orifice, 2 a. Papin’s 
 pneumatic despatch, 2 b. Blowing tube 
 (trompe), ib .; II. 746, 2 be; I. 116, 2 c. 
 
 Pneumonia, XIII: 629. Symptoms, 630, 1 a, ff. 
 
 ^Treatment, 2 c. Chronic pneumonia, ib. 
 Latent pneumonia of old people, IX* 275, 
 2 c. Tuberculous, cheesy, chronic, lobular, 
 or catarrhal pneumonia: see Consumption, 
 V. 282, 2 a. 
 
 Pnyx, hilhin Athens, II. 59, 2 b; VI. 385, 2 b. 
 
 Po, river of Italy, XIII. 631. 
 
 Po'a (botany), VIII. 166, 2 b (ill.). P. praten- 
 sis, 168,1 a (ill., 167). Other species, 1 be. 
 
 Poaching : see Game Laws. 
 
 Pocahontas, two counties, XIII. 631. 
 
 Pocahontas , county seat, XIV. 199, 1 c. 
 
 Pocahontas, Indian princess, XIII. 631. Ab¬ 
 duction of, I. 683, 2 c; XIII. 631, 2 b. Mar¬ 
 riage of, ib. ; XVI. 150, 2 a. 
 
 Pockets , of anthracite, I. 550, 1 c ; X. 254, 1 a. 
 
 Po'cock, Edward, English orientalist, XIII. 632. 
 
 Pooocke, Richard, traveller, XIII. 632. 
 
 Pod , of musk, XII. 94, 2 b. 
 
 Pod'ager (ornithology), VIII. 59, 1 ab. 
 
 Pod'agr a , disease, VIII. 132, 2 a. 
 
 Podestd [po-des-ta/], Italian magistrate, VII. 
 277,1 c; 676, 2 be. * A 
 
 Pod'iceps (Ornithology), VIII. 184, 2 b. P. 
 cristatus, 2 c (ill., 185). P. griseigina, &c., 
 185, 1 b. 
 
 Podiebrad, George [pod-yeh'-brad], king of 
 Bohemia, XIII. 632. 
 
 Podilymbus (ornithology), VIII. 185, 1 c. P. 
 podiceps (P. Carolinensis), 2 a. 
 
 Podiscus Rogerii (diatomacese), VI. 85, 1 be. 
 
 Podiso'ma , fungus, VII. 533, 1 a. 
 
 Podlachia [pod-la'-ke-a]: see Siedloe. 
 
 Podoc'nemys (zoology), XV. 810, 2 b, be. 
 
 Podol: see Kiev, IX. 830, 1 b. 
 
 Podolia, government of Russia, XIII. 633. 
 
 Podophylline [pod-o-fiT-lin], XIII. 633, 2 be. 
 
 Podophyllum, genus of plants, XIII. 633. P. 
 peltatum, 1 c (ill.); XI. 101, 2 be. 
 
 Poe, Edgar Allan, American author, XIII. 633 ; 
 XVI. 196, 1 c, 198, 1 c. 
 
 Po'e Bird, XIII. 635. 
 
 Pcecilop'tera (crustacea), IX. 838, 2 b. 
 
 Pcecilop'oda (crustacea), IX. 838, 2 be. 
 
 Po'e dog , VI. 181, 2 a. 
 
 Poena, blood money, II. 738, 1 c; penalty, XV. 
 435, 2 a. 
 
 Poeph'agus grun'niens (zoology), XVI. 762, 1 c 
 (ill.). , •„ -v * ’ 
 
 Poerio, Carlo, baron [po-a'-re-o], Italian patriot, 
 XIII. 635. Alessandro, poet, 2 b. 
 
 Poet Laureate, XIII. 635. Origin of the 
 term, X. 208, 2 ab. 
 
 Poetry, XIII. 636. 
 
 Poey, Felipe [po-a'-e], Cuban naturalist, XIII. 
 636. Andres, meteorologist, 2 b. 
 
 Poggendorff, Johann Christian, German nat¬ 
 ural philosopher, XIII. 637. (Died 1877.) 
 i See Galvanism, VII. 587, 2 be. 
 
 Poggio Bracciolini, Giovanni Francesco [pod'- 
 jo brat-cho-le'-ne], Italian scholar, XIII. 637. 
 
 Poggy Islands : see Nassau Islands. 
 
 Pogod'in, Mikhail Petrovitch, Russian histo¬ 
 rian, XIII. 637. 
 
 Poindexter, George, American politician, 
 XIII. 637. 
 
 Pogona'tus, surname, V. 272, 1 b. 
 
 Pogonornis cincta (ornithology), XIII. 635, 1 c. 
 
 Pogoste'mon (botany), XIII. 157, 2 b. P. 
 patchouly, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Pohlik, Indians, X. 22, 1 b. 
 
 Poi, a kind of food, III. 562, 1 c. 
 
 Poictiers: see Poitiers. 
 
 Po'ik cavern , near Adelsberg, I. 114, 1 c. 
 
 IToa^, blood money, II. 738, 1 c. 
 
 Poinsett, county, XIII. 637. 
 
 Poinsett, Joel Roberts, American statesman, 
 XIII. 637. 
 
 Poinsettia (botany), XIII. 585, 2 c; 590, 1 be 
 
 Point, of an anchor, I. 465, 1 a. 
 
 Point , of a boil, II. 792, 1 c. 
 
 Point , in stock dealing, XV. 388, 2 ab. 
 
 Point , in pugilism, XIV. 76, 1 be. 
 
 Point d la Hache [a la hash; Fr. pwa ng ta 1& 
 ash], county seat, XIII. 596, 2 b. 
 
 Point a Vaiguille [la-ghey’J, lace, X. 78, 1 b. 
 
 Point P Alengon [pwa ng da-la ng -so ng ], lace, X. 
 78, 2 c; I. 272, 2 c. 
 
 Point of application: see Mechanics, XI. 
 321, 1 c. 
 
 Point Breeze, residence of Joseph Bonaparte, 
 III. 31, 1 ab. 
 
 Point Comfort, Old, Virginia, XIII. 637. 
 
 Point de Galle [de gal; Fr. pwa ng diih gal], 
 town of Ceylon, XIII. 638. 
 
608 
 
 POINTE-A-PITRE 
 
 POLIANTHES 
 
 Pointe-a-Pitre [pwa ng -ta-peetr’], city of Gua¬ 
 deloupe, XIII. 638. 
 
 Pointe Coupee [point koo-pe'; Fr. pwa ng t koo- 
 pa], parish of Louisiana, XIII. 638. Capi¬ 
 tal, 2 a. 
 
 Pointer, dog, XIII. 638 (ill.); IX. 11, 2 a. 
 
 Pointers, in the Great Bear, II. 420, 2 a. 
 
 Pointis [pwa ng -te], buccaneer, III. 376, 1 b. 
 (Jean Bernard Louis Desjean, baron de 
 Pointis, 1645-1707, French naval command¬ 
 er, aided by the buccaneers.) 
 
 Point Levi : see Levis. 
 
 Point net , in lace making, X. 80, 1 a. 
 
 Point no Point , treaty of with the Clallams, 
 IV. 629, 1 ab. 
 
 Point Pleasant , county seat, XI. 239, 2 b. 
 
 Point of view, of a picture, VI. 251, 1 a. 
 
 Poirson, Auguste Simon Jean Chrysostome 
 [pwar-so ng ], French historian, XIII. 638. 
 
 Poison, XIII. 639. Poisonous substances, 1 ab. 
 Chronic poisoning, 2 a. Accidental or crim¬ 
 inal poisoning, 2 b. Antidotes for snake 
 bites, 640, 1 a. See Antidotes, and Medi¬ 
 cal Jurisprudence, XI. 341, 2 a.—Poison¬ 
 ing by hydrochloric acid, how neutralized, 
 IX. 109, 2 c; by hydrocyanic acid, 110, 2 c. 
 Lead poisoning, X. 246, 1 be, ff. 
 
 Poison dogwood , XV. 462, 2 c. 
 
 Poison elder, XV. 462, 2 c. 
 
 Poison Ivy : see Sumach, XV. 462, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Poison oak: see Sumach, XV. 462, 2 b. 
 
 Poisson, Sim6on Denis [pwa-so ng ], French ma¬ 
 thematician, XIII. 640. On central heat, 
 IV. 25, 1 c, 2 ab. Poisson’s law of storms, 
 IX. 81, 1 b. 
 
 Poisson Pavril [da-vreel], April fool, I. 606, 2 b. 
 
 Poissy [pwa-se], (on the Seine, 10 m. X. W. of 
 Versailles), conference at (in 1561), XIV. 
 247, 2 b. 
 
 Poitevin [pwat-va ng ], photo-lithographic pro¬ 
 cess of, X. 528, 2 b. 
 
 Poitevin, Auguste, French sculptor, XIII. 640. 
 
 Poitevin, Prosper, lexicographer, XIII. 640. 
 
 Poitiers [pwa-tya], town of France, XIII. 640. 
 Battle of, 2 b; IX. 650, 1 c. 
 
 Poitiers, Diana of: see Diana. 
 
 Poitou [pwa-too], ancient province of France, 
 XIII. 640. Colic of, origin of the name, X. 
 246, 2 ab. 
 
 Poitrel, piece of horse armor, I. 734, 1 a. 
 
 Pokanokets : see Massachusetts Indians. 
 
 Poke, plant, XIII. 641 (ill.). Indian poke, 
 2 b; VIII. 621, 2 c. 
 
 Poker, game of cards, XIII. 641. 
 
 Pola, seaport of Austria, XIII. 643. 
 
 Polabs: see Wends, XVI. 552, 2 c. 
 
 Poland, Kingdom of, XIII. 643. Description, 
 
 1 be. Inhabitants, 2 be. Industries, 2 c. 
 History, 644, 1 ab. First partition, 647, 
 
 2 a; second, 2 c; third, 648, 1 ab. Insur¬ 
 rection of 1830, 2 a; of 1846, 649, 1 b; of 
 1863, 2 b. 
 
 Poland, Language and Literature of, XIII. 650. 
 Poland chicken, IV. 783, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Polar Circles, XIII. 652. 
 
 Polar Clock, XIII. 652 (ill.). 
 
 Polar current (ocean), II. 73,1 c, 2 a; 75, 2 c; 
 77, 1 c, 2 b, c. 
 
 Polar force , of nerves, XII. 236, 1 b. 
 
 Polaris, the, exploring steamer, VIII. 397, 1 c. 
 Polariscope, of Malus, X. 447, 1 c (ill.). 
 Polarity: see Magnetism, XI. 5, 1 c. Of 
 nerves: see Polar force (Index). 
 Polarization: see Light, X. 445, 1 b. Of 
 the electric medium, VI. 503, 1 a. 
 
 Polarizer, X. 446, 2 be. 
 
 Polarizing angle, X. 446, 1 a. 
 
 Polarizing apparatus, of a microscope, XI. 
 520, 1 be. 
 
 Polar plant, XV. 46, 2 a. 
 
 Polar Seas, XIII. 653. Arctic ocean, 1 c. 
 Open polar sea, 654, 1 a. Currents, 2 ab. 
 Regions of greatest cold, 655, 1 ab. Fauna, 
 1 b. Recent explorations, 2 a; Swedish ex¬ 
 pedition, 2 c; Austrian, 656, 1 ab (map, 654). 
 See Arctic Discovery. —Antarctic ocean, 
 657, 1 b. See Antarctic Discovery. 
 Polders, tracts in the Netherlands, I. 577, 1 c; 
 VI. 242, 1 b, c. 
 
 Poldrons, in armor, I. 732, 2 c. 
 
 Pole, analogous: see Thermo-Electricity, XV. 
 
 697, 2 b. Antilogous, ib. 
 
 Pole, Reginald, English cardinal, XIII. 658. 
 
 “ Pole-burn ,” to: see Tobacco, XV. 782, 1 a. 
 Polecat, animal, XIII. 658 (ill.). 
 
 Polemarch [pob-e-mark], Athenian officer, I. 
 
 666, 2 c; II. 55, 2 b ; XV. 449, 2 b. 
 Pol'emo, Greek philosopher, XIII. 658. Geog¬ 
 rapher, 2 c. Two kings of Pontus, 659, 
 1 a, ab. 
 
 Poles: see Equator, VI. 699, 1 be. 
 
 Polevoi, Nicolai Alexeyevitch [po-l&h-voi'j, 
 Russian author, XIII. 659. Xenophon Alex¬ 
 eyevitch, 1 c. Katarina Alexeyevna Avde- 
 yeff, 2 a. Petr, ib. 
 
 Poli, Giuseppe Saverio, Italian naturalist, 
 XIII. 659. 
 
 Polian'thes: see Tuberose, XVI. 21, 2 a (ill.). 
 
POLIARS 
 
 POLYGAMY 
 
 609 
 
 Poliars, degrade! class in Malabar, XI. 47, 2 ab. 
 
 Police, XIII. 659. In ancient Rome, 2 b. In 
 France, 2 c: see Paris, 87, 2 be. In Eng¬ 
 land, 660, 2 b. In Scotland, 661, 2 c. In 
 Ireland, ib. In the United States, 662, 1 a: 
 see New York, XII. 393, 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 Policy , in marine insurance, IX. 315, 2 ab ; 
 valued, open policy, 316, 1 ab, 318, 1 b. 
 Difference between marine and fire insu¬ 
 rance policies, 320, 1 a. Life insurance poli¬ 
 cies: see Life Insurance. Various kinds 
 of, X. 432, 1 ab, c, 434, 2 a. 
 
 Polignac, Jules Auguste Arm and Marie, prince 
 de [puh-le-nyak], French statesman, XIII. 
 663; IV. 289, 1 a. Prince Camille Arm and 
 Jules Marie, XIII. 663, 2 c. 
 
 Poling , of lead, X. 259, 2 c; of tin, XV. 763, 2 a. 
 
 Polishers , of the stone age, VII. 196, 1 be. 
 
 Polis'tes nid'ulans (entomology), XVI. 493, 
 2 c. P. fuscata, 494, 1 a (ill., nest, 493). 
 
 Politianus, Angelus : see Poliziano. 
 
 Political Economy, XIII. 663. Definitions, 
 2 c. In ancient times, 664, 1 c. In the 
 middle ages, 665, 2 b. In modern times, 
 2 c. Early English writers, 666, 1 a; later, 
 667, 2 b; David Hume, ib. ; Sir James 
 Steuart, 668, 1 c; Adam Smith, 2 b; Mal- 
 thus’s theory of population, 669, 2 a; his 
 opponents and followers, 670, 1 a; Ricar¬ 
 do’s theory of rent, 671, 2 b; Nassau W. 
 Senior, 672, 2 a; J. S. Mill, 673, 1 a; other 
 leading economists, 674, 1 a, 678, 1 a. In 
 France, 666, 2 b; Colbert, ib. ; the pliysi- 
 ocratists, 667, 1 be; Montesquieu, 2 b; J. B. 
 Say, 671, 1 a; Frederic Bastiat, 678, 1 b; 
 other writers, ib. In Spain, 667, 2 a. In 
 Italy, 668, 1 c; 678, 2 a. In Germany, 678, 
 1 c. In America, 674, 2 a; Franklin, ib. ; 
 Henry C. Carey, 675, 1 c; other American 
 writers, 677, 1 b, c. Books of reference, 
 678, 1 be. 
 
 Politician , the, bird so called, XVI. 369, 2 c. 
 
 Poliziano, Angelo [po-le-tse-a'-no], Italian 
 poet, XIII. 679; IX. 460, 2 b. 
 
 Polk, name of twelve counties, XIII. 679. 
 
 Polk, James Knox, president of the United 
 States, XIII. 680; XVI. 168, 1 c. 
 
 Polk, Leonidas, American clergyman and gen¬ 
 eral, XIII. 681. 
 
 Polka, dance, XIII. 681. 
 
 Polko, Elise, German novelist, XIII. 681. 
 
 Pollack, fish, XIII. 681 (ill.) ; VIII. 368, 1 a. 
 
 Pollanarru'a, ruined city of Ceylon, XIII. 
 682 (ill.). 
 
 39 
 
 Pollard, coarse flour, XVI. 588, 1 c. 
 
 Pollard, county seat, VI. 723, 2 a. 
 
 Pollards , coins, XI. 738, 2 b. 
 
 Pollen : see Plant, XIII. 585, 1 c; 587, 1 b. 
 Pollen masses in milkweeds, XI. 545, 2 a 
 (ill.); in orchids, XII. 672, 1 b (ills.). 
 Pollet, Joseph Michel Ange [pul-la], French 
 sculptor, XIII. 682. 
 
 Pollinia, pollen mass, XII. 672, 1 b; XIII. 
 587, 1 b. 
 
 Pollio, Caius Asinius, Roman general, XIII. 
 682. 
 
 Pollnitz, Karl Ludwig von, baron, German- 
 French writer, XIII, 682. 
 
 Pollock, fish: see Pollack. 
 
 Pollock, Sir George, English soldier, XIII. 
 683; I. 161, 2 c. Sir Frederick, jurist, 
 XIII. 683, 1 c. , 
 
 Pollok, Robert, Scottish author, XIII. 683. 
 Pollux : see Castor and Pollux. 
 
 Pollux, mineral, III. 545, 1 b. 
 
 Pollux, Julius, Greek grammarian, XIII. 683. 
 
 Byzantine author, 2 b. 
 
 Polo, Marco, Venetian traveller, XIII. 683. 
 Polochique [po-lo-che'-ka], river, VIII. 289, 2 b. 
 Polonus, Martinus (= Martin the Pole, a Do¬ 
 minican at Rome, archbishop of Gnesen 
 1278), chronicler: see Joan, Pope. 
 
 Polo'ny, tree so called, XIII. 179, 1 ab. 
 Polotzk', town of Russia, XIII. 684. 
 
 Poltava [pol-ta'-va], government of Russia, 
 XIII. 684. Capital city, 2 c. Defeat of 
 Charles XII. at, IV. 305, 2 b-c. 
 
 Polvan-Ata, building in Khiva, IX. 821, 2 c. 
 Polyandrium, monument, XV. 701, 1 a. 
 Polyandry: see Polygamy, XIII. 686, 1 c. 
 Polyanthus : see Primrose, XIII. 857, 2 be. 
 Polybasite, ore of silver, XV. 50, 1 a. 
 Polybius, Greek historian, XIII. 685. 
 Polyb'orus tharus (ornithology), VI. 350, 2 a 
 (ill.). 
 
 Polycarp, early Christian father, XIII. 685. 
 Pol'ychroism, absorption of colors, I. 38, 2 a. 
 Polychroite, coloring matter, XIV. 517, 2 be. 
 Polycle'tus, Greek sculptor, XIII. 685; XIV. 
 719, 1 be. 
 
 Polycrates [po-lik'-ra-teez], tyrant of Samos, 
 XIII. 686. 
 
 Polydec'tes, legendary king, XIII. 314, 1 a, b. 
 Polydore Vergil : see Vergil. 
 
 Polyg'ala (botany), XV. 130, 1 a. P. senega, 
 1 a (ill.). P. polygama, 1 c. P. pauciflora, ib. 
 Polygalic acid , XV. 130, 1 c. 
 
 Polyg'amy, XIII. 686. See Mormons, XI. 835, 
 
610 
 
 POLYGASTRICA 
 
 POMPES 
 
 2 b, 837, 1 c; Young, Brigham, XVI. 795, 
 2 a. Polygamy of European Jews opposed: 
 see Gerson ben Judaii, VII. 777, 1 c. 
 
 Poly gas' trica, animalcules, I. 514, 2 c; 515, 1 a. 
 Polygenic elements [po-lij'-e-nik], II. 87, 2 a ; 
 88, 2 a. 
 
 Polyglot, XIII. 687. See Bible, II. 610, 2 c, 
 611, 1 a. 
 
 Polygno'tus, Greek painter, XIII. 688; XII. 
 794, 1 c. 
 
 Polygona'cece (botany), XIII. 688, 2 a. 
 Polyg'onal system , in fortification, VII. 329, 2 c; 
 332, 2 a. 
 
 Polygona'tum (botany), XV. 158, 1 be (ill.). 
 P. giganteum, &c., 2 a. 
 
 Polygons , in the bastioned system of fortifica¬ 
 tion, VII. 330, 1 b. 
 
 Polyg'onum, genus of herbs, XIII. 688. P. 
 amphibium, &c., 2 c. P. bistorta, 689, 1 a 
 (ill., 688). P. fagopyrum, III. 391, 1 a (ill.). 
 P. Tartaricum, 2 a. 
 
 Poly'halite , mineral, XIV. 573, 1 b. 
 Polyhymnia, in mythology, XIII. 689. 
 Polymer'ic substances , IX. 432, 1 ab. 
 
 Polymnia: see Polyhymnia. 
 
 Polymorphism , I. 334, 2 b (Allotropism). 
 Polynesia, Pacific islands, XIII. 689. See 
 Malayo-Polynesian Races and Languages. 
 Polynia , Gulf stream, II. 76, 2 b. 
 
 Polyni'ces : see Eteocles, CEdipus, and I. 
 263, 2 a. 
 
 Poly'odon (ichthyology), XV. 432, 1 c. P. fo¬ 
 lium, ib. 
 
 Polyp, radiated animal, XIII. 689. See Ac¬ 
 tinia, and Coral. 
 
 Polype'mon, legendary robber, XIV. 26, 2 c. 
 Polyphe'mus, in mythology, XIII. 689: see 
 Acis. Cave of, I. 66, 2 b (Aci Reale). 
 Polypi , of Homer and Aristotle, XII. 577, 1 b 
 (Octopus). 
 
 Polyp'ides, XIII. 691, 1 a (Polyzoa). 
 
 Poliyplec'tron (ornithology), XIII. 209, 1 b. 
 
 P. Thibetanum, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Polypodia'cece (botany), VII. 150, 1 a. 
 Polypodium : see Ferns, VII. 150, 2 a. P. 
 vulgare (ilk), 1 a. 
 
 Polyp'orus (botany), I. 173, 1 c; VII. 530, 1 a, 
 533, 2 be (polypori). P. betulinus, I. 173, 
 1 c. P. igniarius, 2 a; VII. 531, 1 b. P. 
 tuberaster, 530, 2 be. P. corylinus, 2 c. P. 
 fomentarius, 531, 1 b. P. destructor, 2 be. 
 Polyp ; terus : see Gar Fish, VII. 621, 2 c, 
 622, 1 c. 
 
 Polypus, morbid growth, XIII. 689. 
 
 Polysperchon, general of Alexander, XIII. 690. 
 
 Polytechnic institution , London, X. 605, 2 c. 
 
 Polytechnic schools , VI. 430, 2 c. 
 
 Polytechnic society, royal Cornwall, VII. 77,1 a. 
 
 Polythionic acids, XV. 457, 2 a. 
 
 Polyx'ena, Trojan princess, XIII. 690. Re¬ 
 ferred to, I. 65, 1 a. 
 
 Polyzo'a, class of molluscoids, XIII. 690. 
 
 Pomade, perfumed ointment, XIII. 289, 2 b. 
 
 Pomare [po-mA-ra], king and queen of Tahiti, 
 XV. 145, 1 ab, If. 
 
 Pomatum, original, I. 600, 2 b. 
 
 Pombal, Dom Sebastiao Jose de Carvalho e 
 Mello, marquis of, Portuguese statesman, 
 XIII. 691; IX. 630, 2 c. 
 
 Pome, kind of fruit, XIII. 591, 1 c. 
 
 Pomegranate [pum-gran'-it], tree, XIII. 691 
 (ill., 692). Fruit, 692, 1 a (ill.). Uses, 2 a. 
 
 Pomerania, province of Prussia, XIII. 692. 
 
 Pomeranus : see Bugenhagen. 
 
 Pomeroy [pum'-e-roi], city of Ohio, XIII. 693. 
 
 Pomeroy , county seat, XI. 363, 1 b. 
 
 Pomeroy (Gen. Seth, died 1777), at Bunker Hill 
 (as a private), III. 435, 2 c ; 437, 1 c. 
 
 Pomfret: see Pontefract. 
 
 Pomfret, countess dowager of, contributions to 
 the Arundelian marbles, I. 798, 2 a, b, c. 
 
 Pomme [pum], in heraldry, VIII. 672, 2 c. 
 
 Pommer [pum'-mer]: see Bugenhagen. 
 
 Pomo'na, in mythology, XIII. 693. 
 
 Pomona, island: see Orkney Islands, XII. 
 696, 1 b. 
 
 Pomo'tis vulga'ris (ichthyology), III. 239, 2 c 
 (ill., 240). 
 
 Pompadour, Jeanne Antoinette Poisson, mar¬ 
 chioness de [p5 ng -pa-door], mistress of Louis 
 XV., XIII. 693; X. 203, 2 b. 
 
 Pompeii [pom-pa'-ye], ancient city of Italy, 
 XIII. 694. Excavations at, 1 c. Street of 
 tombs, 2 b (ill., 696). House of the tragic 
 poet, 695, 2 b (ill.). Works of art discov¬ 
 ered in, 2 be ; 696, 2 a. Public bath, II. 382, 
 1 c; plan, 2 a (ills., 383). Paintings in, how 
 preserved, XVI. 269, 1 ab. 
 
 Pompeii of northern Italy, town so called, 
 XIII. 487, 2 a. 
 
 Pompeiian school of art [pom-pe'-yan], so called, 
 VII. 776, 1 b. 
 
 Pompe'ium, building in Athens, II. 59, 2 a. 
 
 Pompejanum [pom-pa-ya'-noom], in Aschaffen- 
 burg, I. 804, 2 a. 
 
 Pompelon: see Pamplona. 
 
 Pompes portatives [po ng p por-ta-teev]: see Fire 
 Engine, VII. 210, 2 a. 
 
POMPEY 
 
 POOR 
 
 611 
 
 Pompey (Cneius Pompeius Magnus), Roman 
 general, XIII. 696. Superstition of, XII. 
 626, 2 c. War with Tigranes, XV. 751, 2 ab. 
 Villa of, I. 245, 1 c.—Cneius, XIII. 698, 2 a. 
 Sextus, 2 b. 
 
 Pom'pholyx, zinc white, XVI. 816,2 ab ; 818,2 c. 
 Pom’pilus formo'sus (entomology), referred to, 
 XV. 571, 1 a. 
 
 Pompion : see Pumpkin. 
 
 Pomponius Mela : see Mela (Index). 
 Pomptine Marshes : see Pontine Marshes. 
 Ponca , county seat, VI. 162, 1 c. 
 
 Poncas, Indian tribe, XIII. 699. 
 
 Ponce, Pedro [pone'-tha], Spanish Benedictine, 
 XIII. 699. See Deaf and Dumb, V. 730, 2 b. 
 Ponce de Leon, Juan [da la-oan'], discoverer, 
 XIII. 699; II. 644, 2 ab; XVI. 150, 1 a. 
 Ponce de Leon, Luis, poet, XIII. 699. 
 Poncelet, Jean Victor [po ng s-la], French geo¬ 
 metrician, XIII. 700. 
 
 Pond, Enoch, American clergyman, XIII. 700. 
 Pond, John, English astronomer, XIII. 700. 
 Pondicherry [pon-de-sher'-e], town of India, 
 XIII. 700. 
 
 Pond Lily : see Water Lily, XVI. 503, 1 be. 
 Pongo : see Orang-Outang, XII. 667, 2 b. 
 Poniatowski [po-nya-tov'-ske], Polish family, 
 XIII. 700. Stanislaw, 701, 1 a. Stanislaw 
 August, king of Poland, ib. ; 647, 1 c; IV. 
 Ill, 1 c, 2 c, 112, 2 a. Jozef Antoni, prince, 
 and marshal of France, XIII. 701, 1 ab. 
 Joseph, prince, composer, 1 c. Poniatow¬ 
 ski collection of antique gems, VII. 664, 1 ab. 
 Pons, Jean Louis [pd ng ], French astronomer, 
 XIII. 701. 
 
 Pons Ailius, bridge at Rome, III. 270, 2 a. P. 
 Cestius, ib. P. Fabricius, 1 c. P. Janiculi, 
 2 a. P. Milvius, ib. P. Palatinus or P. 
 Senatorius, ib. (ilk). P. Triumphalis or P. 
 Vaticanus, 1 c. See Rome, XIV. 413, 2 b. 
 Ponsard, Francis [po ng -sar], French dramatist, 
 XIII. 701. 
 
 Pons Drusi , citadel: see Botzen, III. 146, 2 be. 
 Ponson du Terrail, Pierre Alexis de, viscount 
 [p6 ng -so ng du tair-ray’], French novelist, XIII. 
 701. 
 
 Pons Varolii (anatomy), XVI. 269, 2 b. 
 
 Ponta Delgada, town of the Azores, XIII. 701. 
 Pont-a-Mousson [po ng -ta-moo-so ng ], town of 
 France, XIII. 702. 
 
 PoNTcnARTRAiN', lake of Louisiana, XIII. 702. 
 Pont du Oard [po ng dti gar], aqueduct, I. 613, 
 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Ponte, Da : see Bassano, and Da Ponte. 
 
 Ponte Corvo, town of Italy, XIII. 702. Prin¬ 
 cipality of, ib. ; II. 571, 2 be, 572, 1 b. 
 
 Ponte di Quattro Capi , bridge in Rome, XIV. 
 413, 2 be. P. Rotto, il(. P. San Angelo, 
 2 b (ill., 415) ; III. 270, 2 a. P. Sisto, XIV. 
 413, 2 be. P. di Santa Trinita, at Florence, 
 VII. 274, 2 c. P. Vecchio, 275, 1 a. 
 Pon'tefract, town of England, XIII. 702. 
 
 Pontefract lozenges, X. 519, 2 a. 
 
 Ponthieu, count de [po ng -te-uh], (Charles X.), 
 IV. 289, 2 ab. 
 
 Pontia (entomology), III. 498,1 b. P. oleracea, 
 1 c ; XVI. 76, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Pontiac, county, XIII. 702. 
 
 Pontiac, city of Michigan, XIII. 702. 
 
 Pontiac , county seat, X. 545, 1 c. 
 
 Pontiac, Indian chief, XIII. 702. 
 
 Pontic dog (beaver), VII. 534, 1 c. 
 
 Pontifex, title of a priest, XIII. 703. Ponti- 
 fex maximus, 1 be. 
 
 Pontifical States : see Papal States. 
 Pontigny [po ng -te-nye], village of France, XIII. 
 
 703. Abbey, 1 c; shrine, 2 a, ab. 
 
 Pontil , in glass making, VIII. 14, 2 c. 
 
 Pontine Marshes, Italy, XIII. 703 ; X. 202, 2 a. 
 Pontmartin, Armand Augustin Joseph Marie 
 de [po ng -mar-ta ng ], French author, XIII. 704. 
 P ontoise [po ng -twaz],town of France, XIII. 704. 
 Ponton , Mungo : see Lithography, X. 528, 2 b. 
 Pontoon': see Bridge, Military, III. 277, 2 be. 
 
 Pontoon trains, 278, 1 c. 
 
 Pontoppidan, Erik, Danish author, XIII. 704. 
 Pontormo, II, Italian painter, XIII. 704. 
 Pontotoc', county, XIII. 704. Capital, 1 a. 
 Pontus, in ancient geography, XIII. 704. King¬ 
 dom, 2 b. 
 
 Pontus Euxi'nus : see Black Sea, II. 682, 2 ab. 
 
 Supposed origin of the name, 2 c. 
 
 Poocce'tes (ornithology), VII. 191, 2 b. 
 
 Poodle, dog, XIII. 704 (ill., 705). 
 
 Pool , the , London, X. 593, 2 ab; 614, 1 be. 
 Pool , the , summer resort, Maine, II. 625, 1 a. 
 Pool of HezeMah , X. 344, 2 c. 
 
 Poole, town of England, XIII. 705. 
 
 Poole, John, English dramatist, XIII. 705. 
 Poole, Matthew, clergyman, XIII. 705. 
 
 Poole, Paul Falconer, painter, XIII. 705. 
 Poonah, town of India, XIII. 705. 
 
 Poor, Daniel, American missionary, XIII. 706. 
 Poor, Little Sisters of the: see Sisterhoods, 
 XV. 71, 1 be. 
 
 Poor of Christ , anchorets, I. 638, 2 b. 
 
 Poor Clares , order of, VII. 427, 1 a. 
 
 Poor Conrad , the , secret league, XIII. 215, 1 < 
 
612 
 
 POOR 
 
 PORSENA 
 
 Poor John , fish, VIII. 385, 1 c. 
 
 Poor laws , modern , history of, XIII. 180, 2 be. 
 Poor man’s weather glass , plant, XIII. 518, 2 c. 
 Poor Richard''s Almanac , Franklin’s, I. 342, 
 2 b ; VII. 437, 1 b. 
 
 Poor Robin's Almanack , I. 341, 2 c; 342, 1 a. 
 Poor Soldiers of the Holy City : see Templaes, 
 XV. 634, 1 c. 
 
 Popayan', city of Colombia, XIII. 706. 
 Pop-corn , XI. 44, 1 a. Rice pop-corn, 42, 2 c. 
 Pope, three counties, XIII. 706. 
 
 Pope, ecclesiastical title, XIII. 706. Table of 
 popes, 707, 1 a. Temporal sovereignty of 
 founded, 278, 2 b ; 41, 1 be; XV. 371, 2 ab. 
 Supremacy of in church and state asserted, 
 III. 66,1 c. See Gallican Chukch, and Ul- 
 teamontanists. Infallibility of: see Infal¬ 
 libility (Index). 
 
 Pope, Alexander, English poet, XIII. 707; VI. 
 639, 2 b. His praise of Johnson’s Latin 
 translation of the “Messiah,” IX. 663, 2 c. 
 Controversy with Bentley alluded to, II. 
 540, 2 b. “Pope and Bowles controversy,” 
 alluded to, III. 168, 1 ab. 
 
 Pope, John, American soldier, XIII. 710. See 
 Bull Run (II.). 
 
 Popham, Andrew: see Buenet, Thomas. 
 Popish Plot : see Oates, Titus, and IV. 283, 
 
 1 b; XV. 301, 2 a. 
 
 Poplae, tree, XIII. 711. Cottonwood, 2 c (ill.). 
 American aspen, 712, 1 b. Balsam poplar, 
 
 2 a. White poplar, 2 ab (ill.) ; black, 713, 
 1 a ; Lombardy, 1 b. European aspen, 1 be. 
 So-called poplar : see Tulip Teee, XVI. 28, 
 1 ab. 
 
 Poplar Bluff, county seat, III. 489, 1 a. 
 Popocatepetl', volcano of Mexico, XIII. 713 ; 
 V. 346, 2 b. 
 
 Popoffka , Russian batteries, IX. 387, 2 ab. 
 Popolia (Amphipolis), I. 439, 1 b. 
 
 Popped a, wife of Hero, XII. 230, 2 be, c ; 231, 
 
 1 ab. See Papia lex (Index). 
 
 Poppelsdorf villa near Bonn, III. 69, 1 c. 
 Poppets, in ship launching, XIV. 864, 1 a. 
 Poppig, Eduard, German naturalist, XIII. 713. 
 Popping crease, in cricket, V. 482, 1 b (dia¬ 
 gram). 
 
 “ Popple ,” tree, XVI. 28, 1 ab. 
 
 Poppy, plant, XIII. 713. Opium or common 
 poppy, 714, 1 c (ill.). Poppy heads, 2 a. 
 Sirup of poppies, 2 ab. Field or corn poppy, 
 
 2 be (ill., 715). Perennial species, 715, 1 b. 
 Horn poppy, 1 c; prickly, ib. California 
 poppy, 2 a; tree, 2 b ; bear, ib. 
 
 “ Pops," of peanuts, XIII. 210, 2 c. 
 
 Populine [pop'-u-lin], (chemistry), XIII. 711,2 c. 
 Populus (botany), XIII. 711, 1 b. P. monili- 
 fera, 2 c (ill.). P. tremuloides, 712, 1 b. 
 P. balsamifera, 2 a; II. 247, 1 c. P. alba, 
 XIII. 712, 2 b (ill.). P. nigra, 713, 1 a. P. 
 dilatata, &c., 1 b. 
 
 Poquelin, Jean Baptiste [puk-la ng ]: see Moli^ee. 
 Poras: see Peuth. 
 
 Poe'bus, Frans, Flemish painter, XIII. 715. 
 Poecelain : see Potteey and Poecelain. Ori¬ 
 gin of the name, XIII. 781, 2 a. Reaumur’s, 
 IV. 180, 2 be; XIV. 229, 1 b.* 
 
 Porcelain tower, at Nanking, XII. 130, 2 c (ill.); 
 790, 2 a. 
 
 Porcellanians, class of crabs, V. 451, 1 be. 
 Porc-epic [por-ka-peek]: see Poecupine, XIII. 
 717, 2 b. 
 
 Porcia, first basilica at Rome, II. 363, 2 a. 
 Porcia , wife of Brutus, III. 370, 1 ab, b. 
 Poecupine, animal, XIII. 715. Canada porcu¬ 
 pine, 716, 1 c (ill.). Brazilian tree porcu¬ 
 pine, 717, 1 b (ill.). Crested porcupine, 2 a 
 (ill.). See VIII. 606, 1 b. 
 
 Poecupine Ant-Eatee, XIII. 717 (ill., 718). 
 Porcupine wood, IV. 790, 2 a. 
 
 Poegy [por'-ghe]: see Scuppaug. 
 
 Poeisms, in geometry, XIII. 718. 
 
 Porite (species of madrepore), referred to, V. 
 340, 2 ab. 
 
 Pororocd', tidal flood, I. 379, 2 ab. 
 
 Poeosity, XIII. 719 ; V. 194, 2 c. 
 
 Por'phyra (botany), I. 299, 1 be. P. vulgaris, 
 VII. 248, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Porphyr'io (ornithology), VII. 579, 2 b. P. 
 
 Martinica, 2 c (ill., 580). 
 
 Porphyrit'ic rocks, XIII. 719, 1 be. Porphy- 
 ritic granite, ib. ; VII. 114, 1 c. 
 Porphyrogen'itus, surname, V. 272, 2 c. 
 Porphyroxia, narcotic, referred to, XII. 650,1 b. 
 Porphyrula (ornithology), VII. 579, 2 b. 
 Poephyey, rock, XIII. 719; VII. 114, 1 c; X. 
 
 253, 2 c; XIV. 370, 2 be. 
 
 Poephyey, philosopher, XIII. 719; XII. 225, 
 1 b. On logic, X. 580, 1 be. See Philoso¬ 
 phy, XIII. 439, 1 b. 
 
 Poepoise [por'-pus], cetacean mammal, XIII. 
 
 719. Common, 720, 1 b (ill.). American, 2 a. 
 Poe'poea, Nicold, Italian composer, XIII. 720. 
 
 See Haydn, VIII. 539, 2 a. 
 
 Porri'go favo'sa, scalp disease, VI. 689, 1 b. 
 Poese'na, Lars, legendary king, XIII. 720. 
 See Cloelia, and VI. 766,1 c. Labyrinthine 
 tomb of, so called, X. 75, 1 c. 
 
PORSENNA 
 
 PORTO 
 
 613 
 
 Porsenna: see Porsena. 
 
 Porson, Richard, English classical scholar and 
 critic, XIII. 721. 
 
 Port , wine, XIII. 745, 1 b, c; XI. 598, 2 c. 
 
 “British port,” basis of, XY. 107, 1 be. 
 Port, establishment of the: see Tides, XY. 
 738, 2 a. Mean or corrected establishment, 
 741, 1 c. Yulgar establishment, ib. 
 
 Porta, Baccio della: see Bartolommeo, Fra. 
 Porta, Giambattista della, Italian natural phi¬ 
 losopher, XIII. 721. 
 
 Porta Aurea, gateway of Jerusalem, IX. 615,2 a. 
 Porta Aurea, gate of Benevento, II. 522, 1 a. 
 Portaels, Jean Frangois [por'-talss], Flemish 
 painter, XIII. 721. 
 
 Portage, two counties, XIII. 721. 
 
 Portage, city of Wisconsin, XIII. 722. 
 Portage falls, in the Genesee, YII. 666, 2 b. 
 Aqueduct, 2 c. 
 
 Portal congestion, YI. 266, 1 c. 
 
 Portalis, Jean Etienne Marie [por-ta-leece], 
 French statesman, XIII. 722. Count Joseph 
 Marie, statesman, 2 a. 
 
 Porta nigra, in Treves, XY. 861, 2 c (ill.). 
 Porta Palatina, at Turin, XYI. 53, 2 c (ill.). 
 Porta Santa, of the Lateran, X. 183, 1 c. 
 Port-au-Prince [por-to-pra ng s], capital of Hay- 
 ti, XIII. 722. 
 
 Port Austin, county seat, IX. 78, 1 c. 
 
 Porta Westphalica, pass, Germany, XI. 569, 2 a. 
 Port Clinton, county seat, XII. 732, 2 c. 
 Portcullis, falling gate, I. 663,1 c; YII. 328,2 b. 
 Porte Crayon, pseudonyme, XY. 426, 2 b. 
 Port Elizabeth, Cape Colony, XIII. 722. 
 Porte-lumiere [port-1 ti-myair], XY. 248,2 c (ill.). 
 Porteous, John, YI. 408,1 a. Porteous mob, ib. 
 Porter, malt liquor: see Brewing, III. 258, 
 2 c, and II. 470, 1 a. 
 
 Porter, guide rod, YII. 318, 2 b. 
 
 Porter, county, XIII. 722. 
 
 Porter, David, American naval officer, XIII. 
 
 723. David Dixon, admiral, 724, 1 ab. 
 Porter, Ebenezer, clergyman, XIII. 724. 
 Porter, Fitz John, soldier, XIII. 724. 
 
 Porter, Jane, English novelist, XIII. 725. 
 
 Anna Maria, novelist, 1 b. 
 
 Porter, Noah, American scholar, XIII. 725. 
 Porter, Peter Buel, soldier, XIII. 725. 
 
 Porter, Sir Robert Ker, English artist, XIII. 
 726. 
 
 Porter anchor , I. 466, 1 b. 
 
 Poeteus, Beilby, English prelate, XIII. 726. 
 Port Folio, periodical, VI. 19,2 be; XIII. 300,1 a. 
 Port Gibson, county seat, IY. 627, 2 c. 
 
 Port Glasgow, town of Scotland, XIII. 720. 
 Port Hope, town of Canada, XIII. 726. 
 
 Port Hudson (East Feliciana parish, La.), bat¬ 
 teries of, VII. 91, 2 a. Reduction of, 2 ab; 
 
 II. 286, 2 a. 
 
 Port Huron, city of Michigan, XIII. 726. 
 Portici [por'-te-che], town of Italy, XIII. 727. 
 Portico of Octavia: see Rome, XIY. 411, 1 b. 
 Porticus Argonautarum: see Rome, XIY. 411, 
 1 b. 
 
 Portillo [pore-te'-lyo], of Guasaco, mountain 
 pass, III. 12, 2 ab. 
 
 Portinari: see Beatrice Portinari. 
 
 Portio canonica preebenda, XIII. 806, 1 c. 
 Portionistce: see Eton, YI. 763, 2 c. 
 
 Port Jervis, village of New York, XIII. 727. 
 Portland, city of Maine, XIII. 727 (view). 
 
 Burning of, 729, 1 b; Y. 237, 2 be. 
 Portland, city of Oregon, XIII. 729. 
 Portland, county seat, IX. 580, 1 c. 
 
 Portland, New Brunswick: see Saint JonN, 
 XIY. 533, 2 c. 
 
 Portland, Isle of, England, XIII. 730. Break¬ 
 water of, III. 237, 2 a. 
 
 Portland, earl and dukes of: see Bentinck. 
 
 Portland ministry, YII. 709, 1 a, ab. 
 Portland arrowroot, XYI. 422, 2 b. 
 
 Portland Bill, promontory, XIII. 730, 1 b. 
 Portland stone, XIII. 730, 1 b. 
 
 Portland vase, VIII. 8, 1 c (ills.); III. 756, 2 c. 
 Port Lloyd , Bonin islands, III. 67, 2 c. Chasm 
 near, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Port de V Orient [por duh lo-re-a ng ], naval depot, 
 X. 642, 1 b. 
 
 Port Louis, capital of Mauritius, XIII. 730. 
 Port Madison, county seat, X. 20, 2 b. 
 
 Port Mahon [ma-hone'], capital of Minorca, 
 XIII. 730. 
 
 P ortneuf [Fr. por-nuf], county of Canada, 
 XIII. 730. 
 
 Porto [pore'-to]: see Oporto. 
 
 Porto Alegre [a-la'-gra], city of Brazil, XIII. 
 730. 
 
 Porto d'Anzo, site of Antium, I. 573, 1 b. 
 Porto Bello [Sp. ba'-lyo], seaport of Colom¬ 
 bia, XIII. 731. 
 
 Porto- Carrero family [-kar-ra'-ro], referred to, 
 
 III. 55, 1 ab. 
 
 Porto Ferrajo, [fair-ra'-yo], capital of Elba, 
 XIII. 731; YI. 492, 2 c (ill., 493). 
 
 Porto Leone [la-o'-na]: see Piraeus, XIII. 539,2 a. 
 Porto Maurizio [mow-re'-tse-o], province of 
 Italy, XIII. 731. 
 
 Porto Plata : see*PuEETO Plata. 
 
614 
 
 PORTO 
 
 POTASH 
 
 Poeto Rioo [re'-ko], island, XIII. 731. 
 
 Porto Santo, island, XIII. 732. 
 
 Portreeve: see Mayor, XI. 304, 2 c. 
 
 Port Republican (Port-au-Prince), XIII. 722,2 c. 
 Port Richmond , Staten Island, XV. 323, 2 b. 
 Port Royal [Ft. por rwa-yal], name of two 
 French monasteries, XIII. 732. Port Royal 
 des Champs, 2 a, c; 733, 1 c; 734, 1 h. 
 Port Royal de Paris, 732, 2 a, h; 734, 1 h. 
 Recluses of Port Royal, 732, 2 c; their 
 works, 733, 1 c; controversies, 2 c. Sup¬ 
 pression, 734, 1 c. 
 
 Port Said [sa-eed'J, town of Egypt, XIII. 734. 
 Port Sarnia: see Sarnia. 
 
 Port of silver : see Cape Gat a. 
 
 Portsmouth, city of New Hampshire, XIII. 
 
 734. Settlement of, XVI. 151, 1 h. 
 Portsmouth, city of Virginia, XIII. 735. 
 Portsmouth, city of Ohio, XIII. 735. 
 Portsmouth, England, XIII. 735 (view). 
 Portsmouth,duchess of: see Querouaille (Index). 
 Port Tobacco , county seat, IV. 278, 2 a. 
 
 Port Townsend , county seat, IX. 588, 2 c. 
 Portugal, kingdom of Europe, XIII. 736. 
 Coast, 1 c. Surface, 2 c. Rivers, &c., 737, 
 
 1 b. Geology and minerals, 1 c. Climate, 
 
 2 a. Flora and fauna, 2 b. Divisions and 
 population, ib. Agriculture, 738,1 h. Com¬ 
 merce, 2 ab. Intercommunication, 2 he. 
 Manufactures, 2 c. Government, 739, 1 a. 
 Religion, 2 a. Education, 2 h. History, 
 2 c.—Portuguese discoveries on the African 
 coast, VIIL 667, 1 c. Possessions in India, 
 IX. 209, 2 b. Map : see Spain. 
 
 Portugal, Language and Literature of, XIII. 
 
 741. Brazilian literature, 744, 2 a. 
 Portugal, Wines of, XIII. 745. 
 
 Portuguese Man-of-War : see Jelly Fish, 
 IX. 601, 2 a, 602, 1 a. 
 
 Portulac'a : see Purslane. 
 
 Portulaca'cece (botany), XIV. 95, 1 c. 
 
 Portus Argo'us : see Porto Ferrajo. 
 
 Portus Blendium: see Santander, XIV. 620, la. 
 Portus Ca'le: see Oporto, XII. 651, 1 c. 
 Portus Classis: see Ravenna, XIV. 219, 2 c. 
 Portus Mulierum : see Balta Liman. 
 
 Portus Trajani: see Civita Vecchia, IV. 
 627, 2 a. 
 
 Porus, two kings of India, XIII. 746. 
 
 Porussi , early race of Prussia, XIV. 54, 2 a. 
 Porzana (ornithology), XIV. 169, 2 b. P. Caro¬ 
 lina, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Posche [poce'-ka], musical instrument, XVI. 
 366, 2 c. , 
 
 Poseidon [po-sF-don]: see Neptune. 
 
 Posen, province of Prussia, XIII. 747. Cap¬ 
 ital city, 1 b. 
 
 Posey, county, XIII. 747. 
 
 Posey, Thomas, American general, XIII. 747- 
 Posidonia: see Pjestum. 
 
 Posidonius, Greek philosopher, XIII. 747. 
 Posilippo, grotta di , XII. 141, 1 c. 
 
 Position , in obstetrics, XII. 570, 1 b. 
 
 Positive philosophy : see Positivism (Index). 
 Positive process, of engraving, VI. 652, 1 a. 
 Positivism : see Comte, and XIII. 444, 1 c. 
 Pos'se comita'tus, in law, XIV. 849, 1 b. 
 Possessory and petitory actions, in maritime 
 commerce, I. 127, 2 a. 
 
 ’ Possum, playing, slang, XII. 652, 1 c. 
 
 Post, for conveying letters, &c., XIII. 747. 
 In Great Britain, 748, 1 c. Official violation 
 of the post office, XI. 308, 2 ab. In the 
 German empire, XIII. 750, 1 b. In France, 
 
 1 be. In Russia, &c., 2 a. In Asia, ib. In 
 the American colonies, 2 b; United States, 
 
 2 c. International postal union, 755, 1 b. 
 Postage, cheap: see Bates, Barnabas; Hill, 
 
 Sir Rowland, VIIL 727, 1 c; and Post, XIII. 
 748, 2 be, 751, 1 b. 
 
 Postage Stamps, XIII. 756 (chart of speci¬ 
 mens). Author of the English system, II. 
 780, 2 b. 
 
 Post coaches, IV. 723, 2 c. 
 
 Postmasters, university scholars, VI. 763, 2 c; 
 XII. 764, 2 a. 
 
 Postel, Karl: see Sealsfield. 
 
 Posticum,.oi a Grecian temple, I. 654, 2 c. 
 Posting, mode of travelling, XIII. 748, 1 ab. 
 Pot , the, in faro, VII. 89, 2 a. 
 
 Pot'amids: see Nymphs. 
 
 Potamochodrus (zoology), XVI. 466, 1 a. P. 
 
 Africanus, ib. (ill.). P. penicillatus, 1 b. 
 Pot'amon, Alexandrianphilosopher,VI. 391,2b. 
 Potash, XIII. 756. Preparation of caustic 
 potash, 2 b. Hydrate of, 757, 1 a; IX. 107, 
 2 a. Commercial potash, XIII. 757, 1 be; 
 manufacture of, 2 ab. Pearlash, 2 c. Alka¬ 
 limetry, 758,1 a.—Decomposition of potash, 
 VII. 597, 1 b. Bicarbonate of, XIII. 760, 
 2 c, 761, 1 b. Sulphate, 2 a; bisulphate, ib. 
 Chlorate, 2 b, 762, 1 a; VII. 38, 1 a; XII. 
 769, 2 b. Yellow prussiate, XIII. 762, 2 a; 
 red, 763, 1 b. Citrate, 764, 1 a. Tartrate, 
 XIV. 364, 1 b. Potassa cum calce, X. 480, 
 1 a. P. fusa, XIII. 756, 2 c. Permanganate 
 of potassa, VI. 134, 2 a.—See Ashes, II. 5,2 a. 
 Potash alum , I. 364, 1 c; 365, 2 c. 
 
POTASH 
 
 POTTERY 
 
 615 
 
 a Potash kettles ,” depressions in Wisconsin, 
 XVI. G80, 2 ab. 
 
 Potassa: see Potash (Index). 
 
 Potassic acetate, I. 61, 2 ab ; normal, XIII. 763, 
 2 a; acid, 2 b. P. tartrate, normal, 1 c. 
 P. ferricyanide, 1 b. P. ferrocyanide, 762, 2 a. 
 Potassium, alkali metal, XIII. 758; X. 23, 1 a. 
 Methods of obtaining, XIII. 758, 1 c (ills.). 
 Properties of, 759, 1 ab. Diffusion of, 1 c. 
 Oxides, 2 a. Salts, 2 b; XV. 153, 1 be. 
 Chloride, XIII. 759, 2 b; bromide, 760, la; 
 iodide, 1 be, IX. 328, 1 ab, be; phosphide, 
 XIII. 760,2 ab ; fluoride, 2 b; sulphides, 2 be; 
 carbonates, 2 c; nitrate: see Nitrates ; 
 sulphates, 761, 1 c; chlorate, 2 b; phos¬ 
 phates: see Phosphorus ; cyanide, 762, 1 b; 
 ferrocyanide, 2 a; ferricyanide, 763, 1 b; 
 tartrates, 1 c: see Rochelle Salt ; bitar¬ 
 trate : see Cream of Tartar ; acetates, 2 a; 
 oxalates, 2 be; citrates, 764, 1 a; malate, 
 
 1 ab. Potassium hydroxide, 756, 2 a, b. P. 
 platinochloride, 600, 1 c. 
 
 Potato, XIII. 764. Its original source, 1 c; 
 II. 783, 1 ab. Growth of, XIII. 764, 2 a 
 (ills.). Poisonous principle in, 765, 1 b. 
 Multiplication of, 1 c. Varieties, 766, 1 ab. 
 Cultivation, 2 b. Uses, 767, 1 a. Produc¬ 
 tion in the United States, 1 c. 
 
 Potato, Sweet, XIII. 767 (ill.). 
 
 Potato Bug, XIII. 768. Colorado potato bee¬ 
 tle, 2 b (ill.). Enemies of, 769, 2 a; lydella 
 doryphora, 2 be (ill.); spined soldier bug, 
 
 2 c (ills.); harpactor cinctus, 770, 1 a (ill.); 
 mysia 15-punctata, 1 b (ill.). Bogus Colo¬ 
 rado potato beetle, 771, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Potato Fly: see Cantharides, III. 726,1 ab, c. 
 Potato murrain: see Potato Rot. 
 
 Potato Rot, XIII. 771 (ills.); VII. 531, 2 b, 
 532, 1 c. 
 
 Potato spirit , I. 447, 2 a; VI. 144, 2 b. 
 Potato Worm: see Hawk Moth, VIII. 532, 
 2 c; IV. 106, 2 b; IX. 158, 2 a. 
 
 Potemkin, Grigori Alexandroviteh, prince, 
 Russian soldier, XIII. 772. See Catharine 
 II., IV. 112, 1 b. Treatment of his body, 
 XIII. 172, 1 c. 
 
 Potent , in heraldry, VIII. 671, 2 b. 
 
 Potential energy : see Correlation of Forces, 
 V. 379, 2 ab. 
 
 Potenza, province of Italy, XIII. 773. Cap¬ 
 ital, 1 a. 
 
 Pothier, Robert Joseph [puh-tya], French ju¬ 
 rist, XIII. 773. 
 
 Poti [po'-te], town of Russia, XIII. 773. 
 
 Potin [phh-ta ng ], a kind of steel, XVI. 676, 2 c; 
 
 XII. 535, 2 b. 
 
 Potiphar's wife , IX. 686, 2 c. Like cases in 
 classic legend, II. 504, 2 a; XIII. 378, 2 ab. 
 Potocki [po-tots'-ke], Polish'family, XIII. 773. 
 Stanislaw Felix, field marshal, 1 c. Ignacy, 
 grand marshal of Lithuania, ib. Stanislaw 
 Ivostka, statesman and author, 2 a. Jan, 
 historian, 2 b. 
 
 Poto'mac, river, XJII. 773. 
 
 Poto'si , county seat, XVI. 476, 1 b. 
 
 Potosi [po-to-se'j, department of Bolivia, XIII. 
 774. Silver mines of, 1 b ; XV. 56, 1 c. 
 Capital city, XIII. 774, 1 c; I. 476, 2 a. 
 Potsdam, town of Hew York, XIII. 774. 
 Potsdam, town of Prussia, XIII. 774. Royal 
 palace, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Potsdam sandstone , XIV. 600, 1 be. 
 
 Potstone (soapstone), XV. 555, 1 b. 
 
 Pott, August Friedrich, German philologist, 
 
 XIII. 775. 
 
 Pott, Percival, English surgeon, XIII. 775. 
 
 “Pott’s disease,” 2 a; XV. 268, 1 b, 2 a. 
 Pottage , red , III. 344, 2 c. 
 
 Pottawattamie, two counties, XIII. 775. 
 Pottawattamies, Indian tribe, XIII. 775. 
 Potter , terrapin so called, XV. 661, 2 a. 
 Potter, county, XIII. 776. 
 
 Potter, Alonzo, American bishop, XIII. 776, 
 Horatio, bishop, 777, 1 a. 
 
 Potter, Hazard Arnold, surgeon, XIII. 777. 
 Potter, John, English prelate, XIII. 777. 
 Potter, Louis Joseph Antoine de, Belgian 
 revolutionist, XIII. 777; II. 491,1 c, 2 b, c. 
 Potter, Paul, Dutch painter, XIII. 777. 
 Potters’ Olay : see Clay, IV. 649, 2 a. 
 Potter's field, at Jerusalem, IX. 612, 2 b. 
 Potter's lathe, XIII. 787, 2 ab (ill.). Potter’s 
 wheel, 778, 2 c. 
 
 Pottery and Porcelain, XIII. 777. Varie¬ 
 ties of, 778, 1 b. History of pottery, 2 c; 
 Egyptian, ib. (ill.); in the Euphrates valley, 
 779, 1 c; Phoenician, 2 ab (ill.) ; Greek, 2 c 
 (ill.) ; Etruscan, 780, 1 c ; Roman, 2 a (ill.) ; 
 Saracenic, 2 c (ill.); early German, 781,1 a; 
 Italian, ib. (ill.); French, 2 c (ills.); Ger¬ 
 man, 782, 1 c; Dutch, 2 a; English, 2 c 
 (ill.) ; ancient American, 783, 2 a (ill.); mod¬ 
 ern, 2 b.—Porcelain, 2 c ; Chinese, ib. (ill.) ; 
 Japanese, 784, 1 c; European, ib. Dresden 
 china, 2 b (ill., 785) ; Sevres, 785, 2 a (ill.). 
 English porcelain, 2 c. American porcelain 
 and pottery, 786, 1 c; II. 532, 2 a.—Manu¬ 
 facture, XIII. 786, 2 ab. Pug mill, 787, 1 c 
 
616 
 
 POTTINGER 
 
 PRAGUE 
 
 (ill.). Potter’s lathe, 2 ab (ill.). Formation 
 of stoneware, 2 c (ill.); kilns for, 788, 1 b 
 (ills.). Earthenware, 2 a (ills.) ; kiln, 789, 
 2 c (ills.) ; seggar, ib. (ill.). Fine stoneware, 
 790, 2 b; grinding mill, 2 c (ill.). Hard 
 porcelain, 791, 1 b; kiln, 2 a (ilk). Tender 
 porcelain, 2 b. Decoration, 792, 1 ab ; muf¬ 
 fle, 1 c (ill.). Centre of Chinese manufacture, 
 X. 12, 1 a. Porcelain clay, IV. 649, 1 be. 
 
 Pottinger, Sir Henry, statesman, XIII. 792. 
 
 Potto, animal, XIII. 792. Common, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Pottstown, borough of Pennsylvania,XIII.793. 
 
 Pottsville, borough of Pennsylvania, XIII.793. 
 
 Pouched Rat : see Gopher. 
 
 Pouched wolf: see Thylacine. 
 
 PoucnET, Felix Archimede [poo-sha], French 
 naturalist, XIII. 793. Pouchet’s laws, re¬ 
 ferred to, 2 a. On the spontaneous ripen¬ 
 ing and discharge of eggs, YI. 561, 1 c. On 
 spontaneous generation, 560, 2 be ; XY. 283, 
 2 c.—Louis Ezechiel, XIII. 793,1 c. Georges, 
 anthropologist, 2 a. 
 
 Poudrette , a kind of manure, XIY. 798, 2 c. 
 
 Poughkeepsie [po-kip'-se], city of New York, 
 XIII. 793. 
 
 Pouillet, Claude Gervais Mathias [poo-ya], 
 French physicist, XIII. 794. On the sun’s 
 heat, YIII. 568, 2 c. 
 
 Pouilly wine [poo-ye], YII. 412, 2 be. 
 
 Poujoulat, Jean Joseph Francois [poo-zkoo- 
 14], French author, XIII. 794. 
 
 Poulpe [poolp]: see Octopus. 
 
 Pounce , cuttle bone, Y. 596, 2 ab. 
 
 Pounce , used with marking inks, IX. 283, 2 c. 
 
 Pound, measure of weight, XIII. 794. 
 
 Pound, an enclosure, XIII. 794; YI. 146, 1 b. 
 Pound covert, 1 be. 
 
 Pound Sterling, XIII. 794. 
 
 Pounxa , borax, III. 88, 2 be. 
 
 Poupart, Frangois [poo-par], French anato¬ 
 mist, XIII. 794. Poupart’s ligament, 2 c. 
 
 Pourtales, L. F. de , count [poor-ta-less], scien¬ 
 tist, referred to, II. 71, 2 be ; YI. 258, 2 b, c. 
 
 Poussin, Nicolas [poo-sa ng ], French painter, 
 XIII. 795. Gaspar, painter, 2 ab. 
 
 Pout, young of partridge, XIII. 142, 2 a. 
 
 Pouter , pigeon, XIII. 504, 2 c. 
 
 Powell, county, XIII. 795. 
 
 Powell, Baden, English author, XIII. 795- 
 On evolution, YII. 12, 2 be. 
 
 Powell, John Wesley, American geologist, 
 XIII. 796; Y. 108, 1 ab. 
 
 Power, in law, XIII. 796. 
 
 Power, Mrs., naturalist, I. 609, 1 a. 
 
 Power, Tyrone, Irish actor, XIII. 796. 
 
 Power loom : see Cartwright, Edmund; Car¬ 
 pet, IY. 20, 2 b; Weaving, XVI. 524, 1 a. 
 Powers, Hiram, American sculptor, XIII. 797. 
 Powers, Mechanical : see Mechanics, XI. 326, 
 1 ab. 
 
 Poweshiek [pow'-e-sheek], county, XIII. 797. 
 Powhatan', county, XIII. 797. 
 
 Powhatan, Indian chief, XIII. 797. 
 
 Powhatan G. H !, county seat, XIII. 797, 2 a. 
 Pownalborough (Wiscasset, Me.), XVI. 679,1 ab. 
 Pownall, Thomas, English statesman, XIII.797. 
 Poyang lake of China, IY. 443, 2 a ; IX. 816, 
 1 b, ff. 
 
 Poynings , Sir Edward , lord deputy of Ireland, 
 IX. 357, 2 c. u Poynings law,” ib. 
 
 Pozzo di Borgo, Carlo Andrea, count [pot'-so 
 de bor'-go], Russian diplomatist, XIII. 798. 
 Pozzolana: see Pozzuolana (Index). 
 Pozzuolana [poz-zoo-o-la'-na], volcanic min¬ 
 eral, XIII. 798; IY. 181, 1 b, 185, 1 c. 
 
 P ozzuoli [pot-soo-o'-le], town of Italy, XIII. 
 798. Grotta di, XII. 141, 1 c. Mole or 
 breakwater of, IY. 181, 1 b. 
 
 P. R. (prize ring), XIV. 73, 2 b. 
 
 Praclcticlcs , the , Scottish law book, II. 240, 2 b. 
 Pradier, Jean Jacques [pra-de-a], French sculp¬ 
 tor, XIII. 799. 
 
 Pradt, Dominique Dufour, abb6 de [duh prat], 
 author, XIII. 799. 
 
 Praed, Winthrop Mackworth [praid], English 
 poet, XIII. 799. 
 
 Pr^enes'te, ancient city of Italy, XIII. 799. 
 
 Sortes Prsenestinas, 2 c. 
 
 Prcenestine calendar [pre-nes'-tin], YII. 93, 2 c. 
 Prcenestine pavement, YII. 821, 1 a. 
 
 Prcenomen , in Roman names, XII. 127, 2 a. 
 Praetor, Roman officer, XIII. 800. 
 
 Praetorian cohorts: see Praetorians. 
 Praetorian laic, IY. 620, 1 be. 
 
 Praetorians, Roman body guard, XIII. 800. 
 Praga [pra'-ga], suburb gf Warsaw, XIII. 800. 
 Pragmatic Sanction, state ordinance, XIII. 
 800. Of Louis IX. of France, 2 c ; YII. 578, 
 
 1 b. Of Charles YII., XIII. 800, 2 c; III. 
 159, 2 a. German, XIII. 801, 1 a. Of the 
 emperor Charles YI., ib. ; I. 224, 1 c ; II. 141, 
 
 2 c, 144, 2 c; IY. 298, 1 c ; YII. 455, 2 c, 
 705, 2 be; XI. 161, 1 a. Of Charles III. of 
 Spain, XIII. 801, 1 b; IV. 302, 1 ab. Of 
 Ferdinand YII., XY. 214, 2 b. 
 
 Pragmat'ici , Greek attorneys, XII. 670, 1 b. 
 Prague [praig], capital of Bohemia, XIII. 801. 
 Theinkirche, 2 a (ill.). Treaty of Prague 
 
PRAIRIAL 
 
 PRESBYTERIANISM! 
 
 617 
 
 (1866), 802, 1 ab ; VII. 758, 2 be ; XIV. 56, 
 2 b; II. 665, 2 c. 
 
 Prairial, law of the 22 d of V. 487, 2 a. 
 Prairie, western plain, XIII. 802. 
 
 Prairie, county, XIII. 802. 
 
 Prairie burdock, or dock, plant, XV. 46, 2 ab. 
 Prairie chicken, VIII. 271, 2 b. 
 
 Prairie City, county seat, V. 567, 1 b. 
 
 Prairie Dog, XIII. 802 (ill., 803). 
 
 Prairie du CniEN [pra'-re du sheen; Fr. dii 
 she-a ng ], XIII. 803. Origin of the name, 
 VII. 362, 2 be. 
 
 Prairie hay, XII. 502, 2 be. 
 
 Prairie Hen : see Grouse, VIII. 271, 2 b. 
 Prairie Squirrel, XIII. 803. California, 2 c; 
 
 striped, 804, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Prairieville, county seat, III. 406, 1 a. 
 
 Prairie Wolf : see Wolf, XVI. 696, 1 be (ill.). 
 Prajdpati [pra-ja'-pa-te], in Hindoo mythology, 
 IX. 224, 2 c. 
 
 Prakrit [pra'-krit]: see India, Races and Lan¬ 
 guages of, IX. 216, 2 a, and XIV. 611, 2 c. 
 Praktik, in German law, IV. 619, 2 be. 
 
 Pram, Christian Henriksen [pram], Danish 
 poet, XIII. 804. 
 
 Prana, in Hindoo mythology, IX. 224, 2 c. 
 Praslin, Cesar Gabriel, count de Choiseul, 
 duke de [pra-la ng ], French statesman, XIII. 
 804. Charles Laure Hugues Theobald, duke 
 de Choiseul-Praslin, 2 ab. 
 
 Prasutagus, king of the Iceni, II. 763, 2 ab. 
 Prater [pra'-ter], park in Vienna, XIII. 104, 
 
 1 b; XVI. 351, 2 a. 
 
 Prati, Giovanni [pra'-te], Italian poet, XIII.804. 
 Prdti$dkhyas [pra-te-sak'-yas], in Sanskrit lit¬ 
 erature, IX. 223, 1 a. 
 
 Prat'incole, bird, XIII. 804. Collared, 2 c (ill.). 
 Prato [pra'-to], town of Italy, XIII. 805. 
 Pratt, two counties, XIII. 805. 
 
 Pratt, Charles: see Camden, Earl. 
 
 Prattsville, county seat, XIII. 805, 1 b. 
 
 Prawn, crustacean, XIII. 805. Serrated prawn, 
 
 2 a (ill.) ; American, 2 c. 
 
 Praxeas: see Patripassians, Noetians, and 
 Sabellius. 
 
 Praxiteles [prax-it'-e-leez], Greek sculptor, 
 XIII. 805 ; XIV. 719, 2 ab, b. 
 
 Prayaga [pra-ya'-ga], (Allahabad), I. 323, 2 a. 
 Praying machines, III. 402, 1 c; X. 117, 1 c. 
 Preacher, local: see Methodism, XI. 456, 2 ab. 
 Preault, Antoine Augustin [pra-o], French 
 sculptor, XIII. 806. 
 
 Preb'end, ecclesiastical benefice, XIII. 806. 
 Preble [preb'-’l], county, XIII. 806. 
 
 Preble, Edward, American naval officer, XIII. 
 
 806. George Henry, naval officer, 807, 1 b. 
 Precession of the Equinoxes, XIII. 807. 
 Prechtl (Johann Joseph von, 1778-1854, di¬ 
 rector of the Vienna polytechnic institute 
 1814-’49), his experiments on adhesion, I. 
 115, 2 a; adhesion balance, ib. (ill.). 
 Precieuses, les [la pra-se-uz], of the hotel Ram- 
 bouillet, XIV. 194, 1 c. 
 
 Precipitate, red, or precipitate per se, of mer¬ 
 cury, XI. 404, 1 a. 
 
 Precipitated carbonate (of lime), X. 480, 1 b. 
 Predicables, in logic, X. 580, 1 c. 
 
 Preemptive rights, in land, II. 542, 2 be. 
 
 Pregel [pra'-ghel], river of Prussia (about 120 
 m. long), X. 41, 1 c. 
 
 Pregnancy : see Medical Jurisprudence, XI. 
 337, 2 b, and Obstetrics, XII. 518, 2 c. 
 Insanity of, XIV. 69, 2 c. 
 
 Prehistoric period, ages of the, I. 185, 2 c. 
 Prehistoric Remains : see American Anti¬ 
 quities, Archaeology, Bone Caves, Finds, 
 and Lake Dwellings. Discovery of in 
 France, III. 147, 2 a. 
 
 Preller, Friedrich, German painter, XIII. 807. 
 Prelum Ascensionum, printing establishment, 
 II. 213, 2 b. 
 
 Premier [pre'-me-er; Fr. pruh-myal, in Eng¬ 
 land, III. 525, 1 b. 
 
 Premium , in insurance, X. 424, 2 b; IX. 314, 
 2 be, 317, 2 c. Premium note, ib. 
 Premonstratensians, religious order, XIII. 807. 
 Prentice, George Denison, American editor, 
 XIII. 808. 
 
 Prentiss, county, XIII. 808. 
 
 Prentiss, Seargent Smith, American orator, 
 XIII. 808. 
 
 Prenzlau [prents'-low], Prussia, XIII. 808. 
 Prenzlow: see Prenzlau. 
 
 Preparation machines: see Rope, XIV. 424, 2 a. 
 “ Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood ,” of painters, 
 
 XII. 803, 2 a. 
 
 Pres, Josquin des : see Josquin des Pres. 
 Presburg [pres'-boorg], county of Hungary, 
 
 XIII. 808. Capital city, 2 b (view). Treaty of 
 (1805), XV. 669,1 a; XVI. 99, 1 ab; 744, 2 b. 
 
 Presbyopia, old-sightedness, XV. 237, 2 be; 
 XVI. 390, 2 c. 
 
 Presby ter: see Elder, VI. 495, 1 b. Presby- 
 teria, ib. 
 
 Presbyterianism, XIII. 809. Form of church 
 government, 1 b; Scriptural origin of, 2 a.— 
 Presbyterian church in Scotland, 810, 1 b. 
 Treachery of Charles II. respecting, XIV. 
 
618 
 
 PRESBYTERY 
 
 PRIBYLOEE 
 
 831, 1 c. Secessions in, XIII. 811, 1 be. 
 United do., 2 a.—In Ireland, 2 be.—In the 
 United States, 812, 1 be; IV. 543, 1 b. 
 New Side and Old Side, XIII. 812, 2 be. 
 Union with Associate Reformed church, 
 813, 1 c; “Plan of Union” with Congrega¬ 
 tional churches, 2 ab. New School and Old 
 School, 2 c. In New England, 814, 2 a. 
 United Presbyterian church of North Amer¬ 
 ica, 815, 1 b. Associate Reformed church, 
 ib. Associate Presbyterian church, 816, 2 c. 
 Reformed Presbyterian church in America, 
 
 817, 1 c.—In Canada, 2 c.—General council, 
 
 818, 2 c.—Bibliography, 819, 1 a. 
 
 Presbytery , XIII. 809, 1 b. In Baptist church¬ 
 es, II. 292, 2 b. 
 
 Presbytis (zoology), XI. 752,1 b. P. mitrula, ib. 
 Prescot, town of England, XIII. 819. 
 Prescott, county of Canada, XIII. 819. 
 Prescott, town of Canada, XIII. 819. 
 
 Prescott , town of Arizona, I. 709, 2 a; XVI. 
 774, 1 a. 
 
 Prescott, Gen. (Richard, died 1788), captured 
 by Col. Barton (exchanged and restored to 
 command in Rhode Island), II. 353, 1 a. 
 Prescott, Harriet Elizabeth: see Spofford. 
 Prescott, Oliver, American patriot, XIII. 819. 
 William, patriot, 2 b: see Bunker Hill. 
 William, lawyer, 2 c. William Hickling, 
 historian, 820, 1 ab; XYI. 193, 2 c. 
 Prescription, in law, XIII. 821. 
 
 Presentation , in obstetrics, XII. 570, 1 b. 
 Presentation, Order of: see Sisterhoods, 
 XY. 70, 2 be. 
 
 Present use , a light ale, III. 261, 1 c. 
 
 Present value, of annuities, I. 534, 2 c. 
 Preservation of Food, XIII. 822. 
 Preservation of Wood, XIII. 824. 
 Preservation 'powder: see Taxidermy, XY. 
 591, 1 a. 
 
 Preserves, of fruit, XIII. 823, 1 b. 
 
 Presho, county, XIII. 825. 
 
 President, executive officer, XIII. 825. 
 President, ship, cruises under Com. Rodgers, 
 XIY. 383, 2 a. 
 
 President a mortier [pra-ze-da ng ta mor-tya], 
 in French parliaments, XIII. 117, 1 b. 
 Presidio, county, XIII. 826. 
 
 Presidios [Sp. pra-se'-^e-oce], Spanish convict 
 establishments, IY. 218, 2 b. 
 
 Presque Isle [presk eel], county, XIII. 826. 
 Presque Isle, island, Yl. 711, 2 be. Fort de la, 
 712, 1 b; harbor of, 2 c. 
 
 Press, liberty of the: see Censorship of the 
 
 Press. Errors of the: see Correction of 
 the Press. 
 
 Press, Printing : see Printing (Index). 
 Pressed work, kind of veneering, XYI. 289, 2 c. 
 Pressense, Edmond Dehoult de [pra-sa ne -sa], 
 French theologian, XIII. 826. 
 
 Pressing to death (punishment), only known 
 instance in the United States, XIII. 227, 2 c. 
 Pressman: see Printing, XIII. 846, 2 c. 
 Pressure, steam, XY. 350, 1 b; mean, 351, 1 c. 
 Pressure gauge , Bourdon’s, XI. 121, 2 a (ill.). 
 Prester John, legendary, XIII. 826; I. 372,1 b. 
 Preston, county, XIII. 827. 
 
 Preston, county seats, YII. 185, 2 c; XYI. 
 528, 1 a. 
 
 Preston, town of England, XIII. 827. 
 
 Preston, battle of, Y. 504, 2 b (Cromwell). 
 Preston, Captain, defence of by Adams, I. 
 85, 2 b. 
 
 Preston, Thomas Scott, American clergyman, 
 XIII. 827. 
 
 Preston, William Campbell, American states¬ 
 man, XIII. 827. 
 
 Prestonburg, county seat, YII. 288, 2 a. 
 Prestonpans', Scotland, battle of, XIII. 827; 
 IY. 312, 1 b. 
 
 Presumption, in law, XIII. 828. 
 
 Pretas [pra'-tas], in Buddhism, Y. 793, 2 a. 
 PRETi,Mattia[pra'-te],Italianpainter, XIII.828. 
 Pretorius, leader of the Boers, II. 776, 1 be, 2 ab. 
 Pretyman, George: see Tomline. 
 
 Pp.euss, Johann David Erdmann [proice], Ger¬ 
 man historian, XIII. 828. 
 
 Previous question , in parliamentary law, XIII. 
 119, 1 b. 
 
 Prevorst, seeress of [pra-forst'J, (1801-29), XY. 
 276, 1 a. Referred to, IX. 811, 1 a; XY. 
 163, 1 ab, b. 
 
 Prevost, Gen. [prev'-ust], (Augustine, died 
 1786 ; commander in the defence of Savan¬ 
 nah, 1779), referred to, III. 285, 1 b; IY. 
 317, 1 b. Sir George (his son, 1767-1816), 
 IY. 249, 2 be, 250, 1 be; XYI. 164, 1 a. 
 Prevost, Abbe [pra-vo]: see Prevost d’Exiles. 
 Prevost, Pierre, Swiss physicist, XIII. 828. 
 His doctrine of exchanges in heat, VIII. 
 570, 2 ab. 
 
 Prevost d’Exiles, Antoine Frangois [deg- 
 zeel], French author, XIII. 828. 
 Prevost-Paradol, Lucien Anatole [-pa-ra- 
 dul], author, XIII. 829. 
 
 Priam, legendary king of Troy, XIII. 829. 
 Pria'pus, in mythology, XIII. 829; 380, 2 e. 
 Pribylojf islands, Alaska, I„ 240, 2 a. 
 
PRICE 
 
 PRINCETON 
 
 619 
 
 Price, Bartholomew, English mathematician, 
 XIII. 829. 
 
 Price, Richard, clergyman and author, XIII. 
 
 829. Ilis views referred to, 445, 2 a. See 
 Life Insurance, X. 425,1 c; 427, 1 c; 429, 
 1 be; 430, 2 be. On moral philosophy, XI. 
 812, 2 a. 
 
 Price, Thomas, Welsh scholar, XIII. 830. 
 Price, Sir Uvedale, English author, XIII. 830. 
 Prichard, James Cowles, ethnologist, XIII. 
 
 830. See Ethnology, YI. 754, 2 ab. 
 Pricket, young buck, VII. 75, 1 c. 
 
 Prickets , of the deer, I. 183,1 c, 2 a; Y. 756, 2 b. 
 Prickly Asn, XIII. 830 (ill.); I. 807, 1 a. 
 Prickly Pear : see Cactus, III. 534, 2 a (ill.). 
 Prideaux, Humphrey [prid'-o], English clergy¬ 
 man, XIII. 830. 
 
 Pride of China: see Pride of India. 
 
 Pride of India, tree, XIII. 831 (ill.). 
 
 “ Pride's purge, ' n alluded to, YI. 63, 1 a. See 
 IY. 281, 1 c; Y. 504, 2 be; YI. 613, 2 ab. 
 Priene [pri-e'-ne], ancient town, II. 607, 2 b. 
 Priessnitz, Yincenz [prees'-nits], founder of 
 the water cure, XIII. 831; IX. 125, 1 c. 
 Priest, minister of religion, XIII. 831. 
 Priestley, Joseph, English philosopher, XIII. 
 832. Philosophical views, 445, 2 a. Obser¬ 
 vation of gases : see Chemistry, IY. 361, 2 c. 
 Priests of the Mission (of the Congregation 
 of the Mission) : see Lazarists. 
 
 Priests of the Oratory : see Oratorians. 
 Prieur claustral [pre-ur kloce-tral], ecclesias¬ 
 tic, I. 7, 2 c. 
 
 Prim, plant, XIY. 18, 2 c. 
 
 Prim, Juan [preem], count of Reus and mar¬ 
 quis de los Castillejos, Spanish general, XIII. 
 834. 
 
 “ Primacy of honor ,” in the Catholic church, 
 IX. 792, 1 be. 
 
 Primage, commercial, II. 640, 1 c. 
 
 Primaries , in plumage, VII. 105, 2 c. 
 
 Primate, ecclesiastical title, XIII. 834. In 
 England, I. 646, 1 c. 
 
 Primaticcio, Francesco [pre-ma-teet'-cho], 
 Italian painter, XIII. 834. 
 
 Prime, Samuel Irenseus, American clergyman, 
 XIII. 835. Edward Dorr Griffin, journalist, 
 1 b. William Cowper, author, 1 c. 
 
 Prime minister, in England, III. 525, 1 b. 
 Primes (minutes), XIY. 745, 1 a. 
 
 Priming: see Fowling Piece, YII. 357, 2 c. 
 Priming needle , in blasting rock, II. 699, 2 a. 
 Primitive trace , in the impregnated ovum, 
 YI. 561, 2 c. 
 
 Primogeniture, in law, XIII. 835. Abolition 
 of in Massachusetts, YII. 620, 2 c; in Vir¬ 
 ginia, IX. 591, 1 b. 
 
 Primordial slime: see Protoplasm, XIY. 35, 
 
 1 ab. 
 
 Primorsk [pre-morsk'], division of Siberia, 
 XIII. 836. 
 
 Primprint , plant, XIY. 18, 2 c. 
 
 Primrose, plant, XIII. 836. Bird’s-eye prim¬ 
 rose, 2 b; Mistassinnie, ib. ; common, 2 c 
 (ill., 837). Cowslip, 837, 1 b (ill.). Auricula, 
 
 2 c. Japan and Chinese primroses, 838, 1 a. 
 American cowslip, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Primrose, Evening : see GEnothera. 
 
 Primrose peerless, plant, XII. 144, 2 b. 
 Primrose vein, of anthracite, I. 550, 2 b. 
 Prim’ula (botany), XIII. 836, 2 a. P. farino- 
 sa, &c., 2 b. P. veris, 2 c, if. (ills.). P. au¬ 
 ricula, 837, 2 c. P. Japonica, &c., 838, 1 a. 
 Pri'mum mob'ile , the , in magic, X. 846, 2 a. 
 Prince, title, XIII. 838. Prince of Wales, 
 2 b: see Wales (Index). 
 
 Prince, county, XIII. 838. 
 
 Prince , Henry James ( u family of love ”),I. 172, 
 2 c; 173, 1 a. 
 
 Prince, Thomas, American clergyman, XIII. 
 838. 
 
 Prince Albert land: see Grinnell Land. 
 Prince Edward, county of Virginia, XIII. 838. 
 Prince Edward, county of Canada, XIII. 839. 
 Prince Edward Island, province of Canada, 
 XIII. 839. 
 
 Prince elector: see Elector. 
 
 Prince Fredericktown , county seat, III. 629, lc. 
 Prince George, county, XIII. 841. 
 
 Prince George C. H., county seat, XIII. 841, 2 c. 
 Prince George’s, county, XIII. 841. 
 u Prince of the Peace:' 1 ' 1 see Godoy, YIII. 62, 
 2 a, and Charles IY., IY. 302, 1 c. 
 
 Prince of Wales Island : see Penang. 
 Princeps senatus , XIV. 764, 2 ab. 
 
 Prince Rupert's drops , I. 532, 1 b. See Ru¬ 
 pert's drops (Index). 
 
 Prince’s Feather: see Amaranth, I. 377,1 a. 
 
 Plant so called, XIII. 688, 2 c. 
 
 Prince's metal, alloy, III. 213, 2 ab. Supposed 
 inventor of, XIY. 470, 2 c. 
 
 Prince's mixture, snuff, XY. 783, 2 c. 
 
 “ Princes' party," in France, XII. 700, 2 a. 
 Princess Anne, county, XIII. 842. 
 
 Princess Anne, county seat, XY. 161, 1 b. 
 Princess Anne C.H., county seat, XIII. 842,1 ab. 
 Princeton, town of New Jersey, XIII. 842. 
 College of New Jersey (Princeton college), 
 
620 
 
 PRINCETON 
 
 PRIZE 
 
 1 b ; library of (ill.) ; school of science, 843, 
 
 2 b (ill.). Establishment of, 812, 2 c. 
 Princeton, county seats, III. 446, 2 b; 577, 
 
 1 c; Y. 644, 1 a; VII. 801, 2 c; XI. 399, 
 
 1 a, 2 a; 549, 2 b. 
 
 Peinceton, Battle of, XIII. 844. 
 
 Peince William, county, XIII. 844. 
 
 Prince William's islands , VII. 113, 2 a (Feejee 
 Islands). 
 
 Principals , at Oxford, XII. 765, 2 a. 
 Peincipato Citeeioee [prin-che-pa'-to che-ta- 
 re-o'-ra], province of Italy, XIII. 844. 
 Peincipato Ulteeioee [ool-ta-re-o'-ra], prov¬ 
 ince of Italy, XIII. 845. 
 Principiumcognoscendi , in Protestantism, XIV. 
 
 244, 2 c. Principium essendi, 245, 1 a. 
 Pbingle, Thomas, Scottish author, XIII. 845. 
 Peingsheim, Nathanael [prinks'-hime], German 
 botanist, XIII. 845. 
 
 Prinos (botany), VIII. 769, 1 be; XVI. 673, 2 c. 
 Printers ’ signs : see Coeeection of the Peess. 
 Peinting, XIII. 845. Three methods of, 2 a. 
 History, 2 b; in China, ib ., and IV. 483, 2 c; 
 in Europe, XIII. 846, 1 ab. Invention of 
 movable types, 1 be. Art of printing, 2 be. 
 Types, 2 c. Composition, 847, 2 c (ill., 848). 
 Proof reading, 848, 2 ab. Composing and 
 distributing machines, 2 be. Stereotyping 
 and electrotyping, 849, 2 c : see Galvanism, 
 VII. 601, 1 c.—Printing presses, XIII. 851, 
 
 2 a; Franklin’s (Ramage press), 2 c (ill.); 
 Stanhope’s, ib. (ill., 852); Washington, ib. 
 (ill., 852). Power presses, 852, 2 ab; rotary, 
 853, 1 a; “perfecting” machines, 2 a; Vic¬ 
 tory press, 2 c (ill.); Hoe perfecting press, 
 ib. (ill., 854). Printing in colors, 854,1 be.— 
 First entire volume printed, 846, 2 a; II. 
 614, 1 b. Oldest known printed works, VII. 
 97, 1 a. Transfer printing on enamel, on 
 pottery and porcelain, XIII. 786, 1 ab. Bat 
 printing, 1 b. Lithographic printing, X. 
 527, 1 b. See Bibliogeapiiy, Book, and 
 Newspapees. 
 
 Peinting, Calico : see Calico Peinting. 
 
 Prints (calico), III. 594, 1 c. 
 
 Prion (ornithology), XIII. 366, 1 ab. P. vit- 
 tatus, ib. 
 
 Prioni'tes (ornithology), XT. 872, 1 a. 
 Prion'otus (ichthyology), VIII. 334, 2 be ; 335, 
 1 c. P. lineatus, 2 a. P. palmipes, ib. (ill.). 
 Peioe, Matthew, English poet, XIV. 5. 
 Priories , XI. 734, 1 c. 
 
 Peiscia'nus, Roman grammarian, XIV. 5. “ To 
 break Priscian’s head,” 2 be. 
 
 Prisci Latini , X. 202, 2 a. 
 
 Peiscillian, founder of a religious sect, XIV. 5. 
 
 Prise d partie [preez & par-te], in French law, 
 V. 431, 2 ab, c. 
 
 Peism, in geometry, XIV. 6. 4n optics, 1 b. 
 See Miceoscope, XI. 519, 2 c; 520, 1 bc-2 a 
 (Nicol’s prisms), 2 b (Nachet drawing prism, 
 Wollaston prism); 521, 1 b (Nachet erecting 
 prism). Fresnel’s application of prisms to 
 lighthouse illumination, VII. 487, 2 a. 
 
 Prismatic colors, X. 440, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Prisoner of Ghillon: sccBonnivaed, III. 71, 2 a. 
 
 Peisons and Peison Discipline, XIV. 6. Re¬ 
 forms in, 1 c. Transportation, 7, 2 b; 13, 
 2 ab. Systems of, 8, 1 ab; Pennsylvania, 
 separate, or cellular, ib. ; Auburn, associate, 
 or congregate, 9, 1 a; Irish convict, or Crof- 
 ton, 1 c. In the United States, 10, 2 b ; dis¬ 
 ciplinary agencies, 11, 2 ab; houses of cor¬ 
 rection, workhouses, or penitentiaries, 12, 
 1 c. In England, 2 be. In France, 13, 2 a. 
 In Belgium, 14, 1 c. In Prussia, 2 a. In 
 Austria, 15, 1 a. In Switzerland, 1 c. In 
 Italy, 2 a. Aid to discharged convicts, 2 be. 
 Criminal statistics, 16, 1 ab; information 
 respecting penal systems, 2 ab. 
 
 Peiseend', town of European Turkey, XIV. 17. 
 
 Prisse Papyrus, the [prees], XI. 132, 1 be. 
 
 Pristis (ichthyology), XIV. 652, 2 c. P. an¬ 
 tiquorum, 653, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Pritchard , English missionary and consul, his 
 expulsion from Tahiti, VI. 321, 1 c. 
 
 Pritchell , in wire drawing, XVI. 676, 2 c. 
 
 Peivas [pre-vas], town of France, XIV. 17. 
 
 Private confession , in the Lutheran church, X. 
 733, 2 c. Private absolution, ib. 
 
 Peivateee, in war, XIV. 17; XIII. 53, 1 be. 
 Attempts to abolish privateering, XIV. 18, 
 
 1 a. Exemption of private property on the 
 ocean proposed by the United States, 1 b, 2 b. 
 
 Private international law, X. 229, 2 a. 
 
 Peiv'et, plant, XIV. 18 (ill., 19). Japan priv¬ 
 et, 19, 1 c. 
 
 Privilege, in stock dealing, XV. 388, 2 c. 
 
 Privileged classes, exemption of from taxation, 
 XV. 587, 1 b. 
 
 Privileged publications: see Libel, X. 396,1 a. 
 
 Peivt Council : see Council, V. 424, 2 be. 
 
 Peize, XIV. 19. Belligerent rights, 2 a. Prize 
 courts, 2 b. Enemies, and property liable 
 to capture, 2 c. Ransom, 20, 1 c-2 a. Title 
 to captured property, 2 b. Rights of neu¬ 
 trals, 21, 1 a. Responsibilities of captors, 
 
 2 b. Breach of neutrality, 2 be. 
 
PRIZE 
 
 PROPERTY 
 
 C21 
 
 Prize Money, XIV. 22. 
 
 Prize ring: see Pugilism, XIV. 73, 2 a, b, c. 
 Prize ring slang, 74, 2 b. 
 
 Probcb Falconia, life of Christ by, in verses 
 taken from Virgil, IV. 204, 2 a. 
 
 Probate, in law, XIV. 23. 
 
 Probation , among the Jesuits, IX. 626, 2 c; 
 Methodists, XI. 456, 2 ab. 
 
 Proboscidians, division of pachyderms, XIV. 
 24. 
 
 Probus, Marcus Aurelius, Roman emperor, 
 XIV. 24; I. 237, 1 c. 
 
 Procellaria (ornithology), XIII. 365, 1 a; VII. 
 523, 2 b. P. Capensis, XIII. 365, 1 c (ill.). 
 P. glacialis, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Procellari'nce (ornithology), XIII. 364, 2 c. 
 
 Process, in law, XIV. 24. 
 
 Procession act , allusion to its repeal, II. 486, 2 b. 
 
 Processionary caterpillars , IV. 107, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Procida [pro'-che-da], island, XII. 137, 2 c. 
 
 Proclamation, spurious (1863), X. 496, 1 a. 
 
 Proclid line , of Spartan kings (named from 
 Procles, son of Aristodemus, first Heraclid 
 king of Sparta, and twin brother of Eurys- 
 thenes, first of the Agid line, so called from 
 his son Agis I.), I. 187, 2 a. 
 
 Proclus, Greek philosopher, XIV. 25. See 
 Moral Philosophy, XI. 810, 2 be. Referred 
 to, XIII. 439, 1 b. 
 
 Procnias alba (ornithology), XVI. 109, 2 c. 
 
 Proconne’sus: see Marmora, XI. 181, 1 b. 
 
 Proconsul, Roman magistrate, XIV. 26. 
 
 Procopius, Byzantine historian, XIV. 26. 
 
 Procopius, Andrew, the Great, Hussite leader, 
 XIV. 26. The Small, 2 be. 
 
 Procris , mythical, IV. 208, 1 a. 
 
 Procrus'tes, legendary robber, XIV. 26. 
 
 Procter, Bryan Waller, English poet, XIV. 
 26. Adelaide Anne, 27, 1 ab. 
 
 Proctor, legal agent, XIV. 27. Solicitor in 
 certain courts, ib. ; X. 237, 1 a. University 
 officer, XIV. 27, 1 c. 
 
 Proctor, Richard Anthony, English astrono¬ 
 mer, XIV. 27. His theory of the frequency 
 of sun spots, XV. 472, 2 b. 
 
 Procyon [pros'-e-on], star, III. 702, 2 b. 
 
 Procyon lotor (zoology), VII. 539, 1 a. 
 
 “ Prodigious ” school , of musical performers, 
 X. 524, 1 c. 
 
 Productus, fossil shell, III. 177, 2 c. 
 
 Proedri [pro-e'-dri] : see Ecclesia, VI. 385, 2 c. 
 
 Prcetus , king of Argos, II. 504, 2 a. 
 
 Profert r see Oyer. 
 
 Professed society , of the Jesuits, IX. 627, 1 c. 
 
 Professedof three vows, the, Jesuits, IX. 627,1 be. 
 Professors of the Light: see Friends, VII. 
 493, 2 ab. 
 
 Profit and loss , in bookkeeping, III. 80, 2 b. 
 Proglottides [pro-glot'-te-deez], (entozoa), VI. 
 664, 1 c. 
 
 Prog'nathi (ethnology), VI. 756, 2 a. 
 
 Prog'ne (ornithology), XI. 207, 1 b. P. pur¬ 
 purea, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Programme music , II. 568, 1 b. 
 
 Prohibition, in law, XIV. 27. 
 
 Prohibitory laws: see Total Abstinence, XV. 
 817, 1 a. 
 
 Projectiles : see Gunnery. Size of, for rifles, 
 XIV. 328, 1 ab. Course of, VIII. 324, 1 be. 
 Drift of, 325, 2 ab. 
 
 Projection , in drawing, 249, 2 c. Orthographic, 
 
 250, 1 b. Plane of projection, or plane of 
 the picture, 251,1 a. Isometrical projection, 
 
 251, 1 b (ilk).—Map projection, XI. 135, 
 2 b; orthographic, ib.; stereographic, 2 c; 
 central or gnomic, 136, 1 a; globular, 1 ab; 
 Mercator’s, l bc, XII. 180, 2 b. 
 
 Prokesoh-Osten, Anton von, baron, German 
 author, XIV. 27. 
 
 Prolabia , form of congestion, III. 197, 1 c. 
 Prome, town of British Burmah, XIV. 28. 
 Promerop’idee, promeropi'nee (ornithology), XV. 
 476, 2 c. 
 
 Prometheus [pro-me'-thuce], in mythology, 
 XIV. 28. 
 
 Promissory Note, XIV. 28 ; XII. 212, 2 ab ; 
 VII. 23, 1 be. 
 
 Promontorium Barbaricum,, IV. 222,1 be ; Cha- 
 ridemi, III. 747, 2 ab ; Junonis, XV. 838, 1 b; 
 Sacrum, III. 751, 2 c; Tsenarium, 749, 2 b. 
 Prona'os , of a Grecian temple, I. 654, 2 c. 
 Prong Horn : see Antelope, I. 546, 1 b (ill.). 
 Pron'uba, surname of Juno, IX. 718, 1 be. 
 Proof in printing, XIII. 848, 2 a. 
 
 Proof plane, electric, VI. 504, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Proofs, in numismatics, XII. 535, 2 ab. 
 Propaganda, board of cardinals, XIV. 28. 
 Propagation by cuttings, X. 239, 2 b ; by suck¬ 
 ers, 240, 1 a. 
 
 Propagation of the Faith, Society for the, 
 Roman Catholic, XIV. 28. 
 
 Propagation of the Gospel in foreign parts, so¬ 
 ciety for the, XI. 640, 2 c. 
 
 Properties of substances changed by affinity, I. 
 159, 1 ab. 
 
 Propertius, Sextus Aurelius, Roman poet, 
 XIV. 29. 
 
 Property, real and personal, international law 
 
622 
 
 PROPERTY 
 
 PROVENCAL 
 
 of conveyance of, X. 224, 2 c. Disposition 
 of personal property, after decease of its 
 owner, 392, 1 a. 
 
 “ Property has its duties ,” &c., YI. 272, 1 b 
 (Drummond). 
 
 Property in land, right of under Roman law, 
 
 I. 192, 1 a, 200, 2 c. 
 
 “ Property is robbery ” {La propriete best le 
 vol ), XIY. 37, 2 b. See XY. 141, 2 c. 
 Prophecy, prediction of future events, XIY. 
 29. Of the Old Testament theology, 1 ab. 
 In the New Testament, 2 b. 
 
 Prophet , origin of the word, XIY. 29, 1 ab. 
 Prophets, Books of the, XIY. 30. 
 
 Pro'polis , of bees, II. 455, 1 c; XIII. 711, 2 b. 
 Propontis : see Marmora, Sea of. 
 
 Proportion , laws of in chemical combination, 
 
 II. 86, 1 a, ff. 
 
 Propylce'a , of Athens, II. 62,1 a. Ruins, 1 c (ill.). 
 Propylceum , in Grecian architecture, I. 655,1 c. 
 Propylamine , a volatile alkaloid, Y. 12, 1 b. 
 Prop'ylon , Egyptian gateway, I. 654, 1 a. 
 
 Pro rata itineris , in maritime law, YI. 6, 1 c. 
 Proscenium , of the Greek theatre, XY. 685, 2 a. 
 Pros'erpine, mythical, XIY. 30. See Ceres, 
 IY. 209, 2 ab, 210, 1 a. Fabled place of her 
 abduction by Pluto, 90, 1 be. 
 
 Prosimice (zoology), X. 338, 2 b. 
 
 Proso'pis glandulo'sa (botany), XI. 487, 1 b 
 (ill.). P. pubescens, 488, 1 a (ilk). 
 
 Prosper (Aquitanus), Saint, XIY. 30. 
 
 Prospect park, Brooklyn, III. 319, 1 c; XIII. 
 106, 2 b (map). 
 
 Prostate Gland (anatomy), XIY. 30. Alluded 
 to, II. 686, 2 ab, c. 
 
 Prosthemadera (ornithology), XIII. 635, 1 b. 
 
 P. Novae Zealandiae, 1 be. 
 
 Prostrates , class of penitents, XIII. 244, 2 c. 
 
 Prostrati (the same), IY. 566, 2 ab. 
 Protag'oras, Greek philosopher, XIY. 30. See 
 Philosophy, XIII. 437, 2 ab. 
 
 Protascus, assumed germ of the sponges, XY. 
 282, 1 c. 
 
 Prot’aton, of the monks of Athos, II. 67, 2 b. 
 Protective union , in Hungary, X. 50, 1 b. 
 Protector, in English history, XIY. 31. Lord 
 protector, 1 ab. 
 
 Proteids [pro'-te-idz]: see Proteine. 
 Proteine [pro'-te-in], (chemistry), XIY. 31; 
 XII. 30, 1 b. 
 
 Proteles [prot'-e-leez], (zoology), IX. 100, 2 c. 
 
 P. Lalandii, I. 3, 2 a (ill). 
 
 Protesila'us, in Greek legend, XIY. 31. 
 Protest, XIY. 31. Payment under, 2 a. In 
 
 legislation, 2 ab. In maritime law, 2 b. Of 
 bills of exchange, &c., 2 be; I. 57,1 a, 58, 1 a. 
 
 Protestant, XIY. 32. Origin of the name, 
 XI. 366, lb; II. 108, 1 b; XIY. 246, 1 a. 
 
 Protestant dulce, the , XI. 754,2 be (Monmouth). 
 
 Protestantism, formal and material principles 
 of, XIY. 244, 2 c. 
 
 Pro'teus, reptile, XIY. 32. Common, 2 ab 
 (ill.) ; place of its discovery, I. 114, 1 c. 
 
 Proteus, mythical, XIY. 32. 
 
 Proteus of the lakes : see Menobranchus. 
 
 Proteus of painting : see Giordano. 
 
 Protevangelion , apocryphal gospel, YIII. 122,2 c. 
 
 Prothallus, of ferns, YII. 151, 1 a. 
 
 Prothorax, of insects, IX. 311, 1 b. 
 
 Protichnites [pro-tik'-nites], fossil footprints, 
 YII. 342, 2 a. 
 
 Protistic kingdom, Haeckel’s, YIII. 372, 1 b. 
 
 Protococcus, rudimentary form of plant, XIII. 
 573, 2 be. P. nivalis, I. 299, 1 b (Alg.e:). 
 
 Proto-Doric order, in architecture, I. 653, 2 c; 
 655, 2 b. 
 
 Protogenes [pro-toj'-e-neez], Greek painter, 
 XIY. 33. 
 
 Protogine [pro'-to-jin], mineral, YIII. 152, 2 be. 
 
 Protohippus, fossil animal, YIII. 739, 1 ab. 
 
 Protophytes : see Protozoa. 
 
 Protopithe- cusBrasiliensis{ zoology), XI.753,2 a. 
 
 Protoplasm, original living substance, XIY. 
 33. Moners, 1 b. Composition of proto¬ 
 plasm, 2 be. Cytods and germ-enclosing 
 cells, 34, 1 b. Varieties of chemical compo¬ 
 sition, 2 c. Plastids, ib. Plastid theory, 35, 
 1 a; XIII. 573, 2 b, 581, 2 a, 582, 2 c. See 
 Huxley, IX. 96, 2 c. 
 
 Protoplasmic organisms: see Bathybius. 
 
 Protop’terus (ornithology), X. 359, 1 ab. 
 
 Protorosaurus (palaeontology), XI. 749, 1 b. 
 
 Protozo'a, subdivision of invertebrate animals, 
 XIY. 36; IX. 279, 1 a. 
 
 Protractor, mathematical instrument, XIY.36. 
 
 Proudhon, Jean Baptiste Victor [proo-do ng ], 
 French jurist, XIY. 37. 
 
 Proudhon, Pierre Joseph, political writer, 
 XIY. 37; XY. 141, 2 be. 
 
 Proust [proo], (Louis Joseph, 1754-1826, pro¬ 
 fessor of chemistry in Paris and Madrid), 
 IY. 365, 2 a. 
 
 Proustite [proost'-ite], mineral, XY. 50, 1 ab. 
 
 Prout, Father: see Mahony, Francis. 
 
 Prout, Samuel, English water-color painter, 
 XIY. 38. 
 
 Prout, William, Scottish physician, XIY. 38. 
 
 Provencal Language and Literature [pro- 
 
PROVENCE 
 
 PSEUDOPODIA 
 
 623 
 
 v&"'-s&l], XIV. 38. Home and different dia¬ 
 lects of, 2 b. Flourishing period, 39, 1 a. 
 Characteristics of the modern dialects, 2 ah. 
 Historical view, 40, 1 a. 
 
 Provence [pruh-va n *s], old province of France, 
 XIV. 41. 
 
 Proventric'ulus (anatomy), V. 181, 1 c. 
 Proverbs, Book of, XIV. 41. 
 
 Providence, county, XIV. 42. 
 
 Providence, city of Rhode Island, XIV. 42. 
 Population, 2 ab. Description, 2 be. Inter¬ 
 communication, 43, 1 c. Commerce, 2 a. 
 Manufactures, 2 ab. Banks, 44,1 ab. Water 
 supply, 1 b. Charitable institutions, 2 a. 
 Education, 2 c. Churches, 45, 1 c. His¬ 
 tory, ib. 
 
 Providence, county seat, IV. 29, 2 b. 
 Providence, Sisters of: see Sisterhoods, XV. 
 
 71, 1 b. 
 
 Providence island, Bahamas, III. 551, 1 b. 
 Providence river, XIV. 291, 2 c; 42, 2 a, be. 
 Province of the Army of the Don: see Don 
 Cossacks. 
 
 Provincetown, Massachusetts, XIV. 45. 
 Provincia: see Provence, XIV. 41, 1 c. 
 Provincial congregation, Jesuit, IX. 627, 2 c. 
 Provisional callus: see Fracture, VII. 364,2 be. 
 Provo, county seat, XVI. 235, 2 b. 
 
 Pkovoost, Samuel [pro'-vost], American bish¬ 
 op, XIV. 45. 
 
 Provost, Jean Baptiste Francois [pruh-vo], 
 French actor, XIV. 46. 
 
 Pro'zymites: see Azymites. 
 
 Prudentius, Aurelius Clemens, Latin poet, 
 XIV. 46; X. 200, 1 c. 
 
 Prudhommes, courts of [pru-dum], I. 637, 2 a. 
 Prud’hon, Pierre Paul [prii-do ng ], French paint¬ 
 er, XIV. 46. 
 
 Prune : see Plum, XIII. 621, 1 b. German, 
 
 1 c (ill.)* Prunes de Brignoles, II. 371, 1 c. 
 Pruning, XIV. 46 (ills., 47). 
 
 Pruntytown, county seat, XV. 591, 2 a. 
 Prunus (botany), XIII. 619, 2 c. P. Ameri¬ 
 cana, 620, 1 b. P. maritima, 1 ab. P. in- 
 sititia, 2 ab. P. spinosa, ib., and XV. 106, 
 
 2 c (ill., 107). P. Persica, XIII. 205,1 a (ill.). 
 P. Armeniaca, I. 605, 2 c. P. cerasus, IV. 
 380, 1 be (ill.). P. serotina, 2 ab (ill.). P. 
 Virginiana, 2 c. P. avium, 381, 1 a. P. 
 lauro-cerasus, ib. (ill.). P. Caroliniana, X. 
 209, 1 a. P. (cerasus) Lusitanica, ib. 
 
 Prusa, or Prusias: see Brusa. 
 
 Prussia, kingdom of Europe, XIV. 48. Polit¬ 
 ical divisions, 2 c. Coast line, 49, 2 ab. 
 
 Surface, 2 c. Lakes and rivers, 50, 1 ab. 
 Climate and soil, 1 c. Population, 2 a. Agri¬ 
 culture, 2 be. Fauna, 51, 1 ab. Mines, 1 b. 
 Manufactures, 1 c. Intercommunication, 52, 
 
 1 ab. Commerce, 1 b. Banks, 1 be. Edu¬ 
 cation, public institutions, &c., 2 ab. Reli¬ 
 gion, 53, 1 a. Government, 1 c. Finances, 
 54, 1 a. Military system, 1 c. History, 2 a. 
 Stein’s policy of reforms, VIII. 452, 2 ab. 
 Serfdom abolished, 2 be. 
 
 Prussian Blue : see Potassium, XIII. 762, 2 c. 
 Prussia Proper, XIV. 57. 
 
 Prussic Acid : see Hydrocyanic Acid. 
 
 Prusso-Austrian war, XIV. 56, 1 b; II. 149, 
 
 2 c; VII. 758, 2 b. 
 
 Pruth [proot], river, XIV. 57. 
 
 Pryne, Rev. A.: see Brownlow, III. 348, 1 c. 
 Prynne, William, English political writer, 
 XIV. 57. 
 
 Prytane’um, Athenian edifice, II. 61, 1 a. 
 Pryt'anis, Spartan ruler, VIII. 188, 2 b. Athe¬ 
 nian officer, VI. 385, 2 c (Ecclesia). 
 Przemysl [przhem'-ishl], town of Austria, 
 XIV. 58. 
 
 Psalmanazar, George, impostor, XIV. 58. 
 Psalms, Book of, XIV. 58. Collection of, 2 ab. 
 Contents, 2 be. Public use of, 59, 1 a; in the 
 Christian church, 1 ab. Commentaries, 1 be. 
 Psalter in Latin, first printed, III. 299, 1 a. 
 Psalterium, in the stomach of ruminants, XIV. 
 467, 2 c. 
 
 Psalterium Marianum (rosary), XIV. 432,1 ab. 
 Psaltery, musical instrument, XIV. 59. 
 Psamma, plant, XIV. 241, 1 c. 
 
 Psammeni'tus, king of Egypt, XIV. 59. 
 Psammetichus [sam-met'-e-kus]: see Egypt, 
 
 VI. 463, 1 ab. 
 
 Psammetik III.: see Psammenitus. 
 
 Psammob' atesradia' tus (zoology), XV. 812,2 be. 
 Psammophis flagelliformis (zoology), IV. 724, 
 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Psammosaurus (zoology), XI. 749, 1 b. 
 
 Psara: see Ipsara. 
 
 Pseudal'opex (zoology), XVI. 695, 2 c. 
 Pseudepig'rapha: see Apocrypha, I. 585, 2 a. 
 Pseudo-bulb, in orchids, XII. 671, 2 a. 
 
 Pseudo-Demetrius: seeDEMETRius,V.789,2 ab. 
 Pseudogryphus Californianus (ornithology), 
 XVI. 413, 2 ab (ill.). 
 
 Pseudo-Isidore: see Isidore Mercator. 
 Pseudomorphia: see Opium, XII. 650, 1 a. 
 Pseudop'oda (infusoria), I. 515, 2 a. 
 Pseudopodia. XIV. 33, 2 a, ab (Protoplasm) ; 
 
 VII. 311, 1 c; VIII. 34, 2 ab. 
 
624 
 
 PSEUDOTRITON 
 
 PUCELLE 
 
 Pseudotriton (zoology), XIV. 558, 1 a. P. 
 ruber, ib. 
 
 Psidium (botany), VIII. 292, 2 c. P. guaiava, 
 ib. P. Cattleyanum, 293, 1 be (ill.). 
 
 Psili , Athenian light troops, I. 788, 2 c. 
 
 Psittacidce [sit-tas'-e-de], (ornithology), XIII. 
 125, 2 a. 
 
 Psittaci'nce (ornithology), XIII. 126, 1 c. 
 
 Psittac'ula (ornithology), XIII. 126, 2 c. P. 
 Swindereniana, 127, 1 a. 
 
 Psittaculus passerinus(ormtho\ogy),111.225,2 a. 
 
 Psit'tacus (ornithology), XIII. 126, 1 c. P. 
 erythracus, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Pskov, government of Russia, XIV. 59. Capi¬ 
 tal, 2 be. 
 
 Psocus (entomology), V. 744, 1 c. P. pulsato- 
 rius, ib. 
 
 Psophia crepitans (ornithology), 1.172,1 c (ill.). 
 
 Psophis , ancient town of Arcadia, I. 263, 2 b. 
 
 Psychadce [sl'-ka-de], (entomology), XI. 869, 2 b. 
 
 Psyche [si'-ke], in Greek romance, XIV. 59. 
 
 Psyche (entomology), XI. 869, 2 b. 
 
 Psychology : see Philosophy, XIII. 431, 2 c, 
 432, 1 a; X. 578, 2 c. Father of, I. 706, 2 b. 
 
 Psycho'tria emet'ica (botany), IX. 342, 2 c. 
 
 Psychrom'eter, IX. 133, 1 c (IIygrometry). 
 
 Ptah, Egyptian divinity, XIV. 60; XIII. 436, 
 1 c; XII. 116, 1 be. 
 
 Ptarmigan [tar'-me-gan], bird, XIV. 60. White 
 ptarmigan, or willow grouse, 2 b (ill.) ; rock, 
 61, la; white-tailed, 1 ab; European, 1 be 
 (ill.); Scotch, or moorcock, 1 c. 
 
 Ptelea [te'-le-a], (botany), VIII. 814, 2 c. P. 
 trifoliata, 2 b (ill., 815). 
 
 Pterela'us, king of the Taphians, I. 264, 1 b; 
 441, 1 ab. 
 
 Pterichthys : see Ganoids, VII. 615, 2 be. 
 P. Milleri, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Pteris (botany), VII. 150, 2 a (ill., P. aquilina). 
 
 Pterocarpus draco (botany), XI. 726, 2 a; VI. 
 240, 1 c. 
 
 Pterocles [ter'-o-kleez], (ornithology), VIII. 
 272, 1 c. P. arenarius, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Pterodactyl, fossil animal, XIV. 61 (ill.). 
 
 Pteroglossus (ornithology), XV. 820, 1 c. P. 
 aracari, 2 a. P. Humboldtii, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Pter'omys (zoology), VII. 298, 2 be. P. volu- 
 cella, 2 c. P. Hudsonius, 299,1 c (ill.). Oth¬ 
 er species, 2 a. 
 
 Pteronu'ra (zoology), XII. 736, 1 c. P. Sam- 
 bachii, ib. 
 
 Pterophori'tes (entomology), XI. 870, 2 b. 
 
 Pter'opods: see Mollusca, XI. 722, 1 ab (pte- 
 ropoda). 
 
 Pteropus (zoology), II. 376, 2 c ; 377, 1 a; 378. 
 
 2 a, c (ill., P. rubricollis). 
 
 Pterygo'tus (Crustacea), IX. 838, 2 b. 
 Ptilocercus Lowii (zoology), referred to, III. 
 104, 2 b. 
 
 Ptilon'opus (ornithology), XIII. 506, 1 a. 
 Ptilonorhynchus (ornithology), III. 165, 2 be. 
 P. holosericeus, 2 c (ill., 166). P. Smithii, 
 166, 2 a. 
 
 Ptolemais [tol-e-ma'-is]: see Acre. 
 
 Ptolemy [tol'-e-me], name of thirteen Greek 
 kings of Egypt, XIV. 62. Ptolemy IV.- 
 XIII., 2 b, If. Ptolemy XIV., so called, 63,1 a. 
 Ptolemy I. (Soter), XIV. 63. His patronage 
 of learning, I. 49, 2 c. 
 
 Ptolemy II. (Philadelphus), XIV. 63. 
 
 Ptolemy III. (Euergetes), XIV. 64. 
 
 Ptolemy, Claudius, mathematician and philos¬ 
 opher, XIV. 64; VII. 684, 1 b. His appli¬ 
 cation of mathematics to astronomy, 701, 2 a. 
 Climatic zones, IV. 679, 1 a. View's of the 
 Nile, XII. 447, 2 a; of the angles of incidence 
 and refraction of light, X. 438, 2 b. 
 
 Ptyaline [ti'-a-lin], in saliva, VI. 105, 1 a. 
 Ptychemys rugo'sa [tik'-e-mis], (zoology), XV. 
 661, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Ptyodac'tylus (zoology), VII. 656, 2 c. P. Has- 
 selquistii, 657, 1 c. 
 
 Puants [ptl-a ns ], Indians, XII. 157, 2 c; XVI. 
 669, 2 c. 
 
 Puberty, XIV. 64. 
 
 Pubic arch (anatomy), XIII. 241, 2 b. 
 
 Pubis (anatomy), XIII. 241, 1 a. 
 
 Public lands , of the United States: see Do¬ 
 main, VI. 194, 2 ab, ff.; King, IX. 836, 1 b ; 
 Surveying, XV. 491, 1 c, ff.; Benton, II. 
 542, 2 be; Education, VI. 427, 1 b. Rail¬ 
 road grants, XIV. 174, 1 be, 2 c. 
 
 Publicani , Roman tax gatherers, VI. 699, 2 c. 
 
 Name for Catharists, IV. 115, 2 c. 
 Publication societies: see Tract and Publica¬ 
 tion Societies. 
 
 Public'ola , nom de plume, I. 99, 1 b. An¬ 
 other, IV. 346, 1 a. 
 
 Publicola, Publius Valerius, Roman law¬ 
 giver, XIV. 65. 
 
 Publius Syrus, Latin comic poet, XIV. 65. 
 Puccin'ia gram'inis (botany), XI. 535, 1 be 
 (ills., VII. 532). P. malvacearum, VIIL 
 770, 1 b. 
 
 Puccoon', name of several plants, XIV. 65. 
 Puce tint , of morocco, I. 366, 1 b. 
 
 Pucella , in glass making, VIII. 15, 1 a. 
 
 Pucelle , la [la pu-sel]: see Joan of Arc. 
 
PUCELLE 
 
 PULMONARY 
 
 625 
 
 Pucelle , place de la , Rouen, IX. 642, 1 c. 
 
 Puceron : see Aphis. 
 
 Puck: see Fairies, YII. G5, 1 be. 
 
 Puckler-Muskau, Hermann Ludwig Ileinricli 
 von, prince [puk'-ler-moos'-kow], German 
 author, XIY. 65. 
 
 Puddingstone , XIY. 600, 1 be; III. 240, 2 c; 
 Y. 240, 2 a. 
 
 Puddled bar, in iron manufacture, IX. 401, 1 c. 
 
 Puddled steel , IX. 400, 2 a. 
 
 Puddling : see Iron Manufacture, IX. 399, 
 1 b, ff. 
 
 Puddling cinder , IX. 400, 2 ab. 
 
 Puebla [pwa'-bla], state of Mexico, XIV. 66. 
 Capital city, 1 b. 
 
 Pueblo, county, XIY. 66. 
 
 Pueblo , county seat, XIY. 66, 2 ab. 
 
 Pueblo Indians, XIY. 66. 
 
 Puerperal Convulsions, XIY. 67. Premoni¬ 
 tory symptoms, 2 b; derangement of vis¬ 
 ion, 2 c. Characteristics of the seizure, ib. ; 
 of recovery, 68, 1 b. Treatment, 1 c. 
 
 Puerperal eclampsis : see Puerperal Convul¬ 
 sions. 
 
 Puerperal Fever, XIY. 68. Causes of, 2 ab. 
 Varying characteristics of, 2 c. Malignant, 
 or puerperal typhus, 69, 1 ab; symptoms 
 of, 1 b. Puerperal peritonitis, septicaemia, 
 and pyaemia, 1 be. Treatment, 2 ab. 
 
 Puerperal Mania, XIY. 69. Distinguished 
 from insanity of pregnancy, 2 c; from in¬ 
 sanity of lactation, ib. ; from delirium of 
 labor, 70, 1 a; from melancholia, ib. Pre¬ 
 monitory symptoms, and characteristics, ib. 
 Predisposing causes, 1 b. Treatment,. 1 c. 
 
 Puerto Bello [Sp. pw^air'-to ba'-lyo]: see 
 Porto Bello. 
 
 Puerto Caballos [ka-ba'-lyoce]: see Cortes. 
 
 Puerto Cabello [ka-ba'-lyo], seaport of Vene¬ 
 zuela, XIY. 70. 
 
 Puerto de Isabel , island, YII. 149, 2 a. 
 
 Puerto la Mar : see Cobija. 
 
 Puerto Plata, Santo Domingo, XIY. 70. 
 
 Puerto Principe, Santa Maria de [preen'-se- 
 pa], city of Cuba, XIV. 70. 
 
 Puerto Rico : see Porto Rico. 
 
 Puerto Veto [va'-lo] : see Porto Bello. 
 
 Pufendorf, Samuel [poo'-fen-dorf], German 
 jurist and publicist, XIY. 70. On interna¬ 
 tional law, X. 223, 1 a. See Moral Phi¬ 
 losophy, XI. 811, 2 b. 
 
 Puff Ball : see Lycoperdon, X. 743, 1 b. 
 Rapid growth of, 1 c; YII. 530, 1 a. Ex¬ 
 pansive force of, 1 ab. Form of, 533, 1 c. 
 
 40 
 
 Puff Bird, XIV. 71. Collared, 2 c; pied, 72, 
 
 1 a (ill., 71). 
 
 Puffendorf : see Pufendorf. 
 
 Puffer fish, XIV. 739, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Puffin : see Auk. 
 
 Puffing pig (porpoise), XIII. 719, 2 c. 
 Puffinus (ornithology), XIY. 833, 2 c. P. 
 
 major, 834, 1 b (ill.). P. Anglorum, 1 c. 
 Pug mill , XIII. 787, 1 c (ill.); III. 266, 2 a. 
 Pugatcheff', Yemelyan, Cossack chieftain, 
 XIV. 72, 
 
 Puget, Pierre [pfi-zha], French artist, XIY. 72. 
 Pu'get Sound, Washington territory, XIY. 72. 
 Pughe, William Owen [pu], Welsh author, 
 XIY. 72. 
 
 Puich [poo-eecli'] : see Puy, Raymond du 
 (Index). 
 
 Pugilism, XIY. 73. In ancient times, 1 ab. 
 Date of the modern art, 1 c. Rules, 2 b. 
 Foul play, 74, 1 c. First prize fight in the 
 United States, 2 a. Slang terms and phrases, 
 
 2 b. Training, 75, 1 ab. Weight, 2 b. Box¬ 
 ing, principles and practice of, 2 c, ff. 
 
 Pu'gin, Augustus, English architectural 
 draughtsman, XIY. 77. Augustin Welby 
 Northmore, designer and author, 1 c. Ed¬ 
 win Welby, architect, 2 b. 
 
 Pujol, Abel de : see Abel de Pujol. 
 
 Pukhtu [pook'-too], Afghan dialect, I. 163, 1 a. 
 Pulaski, name of seven counties, XIY. 77. 
 Pulaski, county seats, VII. 810, 1 a; XII. 
 727, 1 a. 
 
 Pulaski, Casimir, Polish soldier, XIY. 78. 
 Pulcheria [pul-ke'-re-a], Byzantine regent and 
 empress, III. 513, 2 be. 
 
 Pulci, Luigi [pool'-che], Italian poet, XIY. 
 79 ; IX. 460, 2 c. 
 
 Pulex irritant (entomology), YI. 697, 1 ab. P. 
 penetrans, 1 c: see Chigo (sarcopsylla pene¬ 
 trans). 
 
 Pw^a^[pu-lis / -e-de],(entomology),YI.130,lc. 
 Pulkova [pool-ko'-va] : see Observatory, 
 XII. 566, 2 ab. 
 
 Pulley : see Mechanics, XI. 327, 2 c (ills.). 
 Pulleyn , Robert [pool'-len], (12th century), on 
 giving the laity the bread only, X. 640, 1 a. 
 Pullo: see Foolahs. 
 
 Pulmonaria : see Lungwort, X. 722, 2 a. P. 
 officinalis, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Pulmonary artery and reins , IY. 606, 2 c; 
 VIII. 557, 1 be (ill.). Pulmonary or aortic 
 valves, 558, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Pulmonary tuberculosis: see Consumption, 
 Y. 282, 1 c. Acute, 2 b. 
 
626 
 
 PULMONATA 
 
 PURPURA 
 
 Pulmonata (zoology), XI. 723, 1 a. 
 
 Pulo di Molfetta , cavern, XI. 718, 2 a. 
 
 Pulo Penang : see Penang. 
 
 Pulp cavity, in teeth, XV. 606, 1 b. 
 
 Pulque [pool'-ka], Mexican fermented drink, 
 XIV. 79; XI. 468, 2 b; I. 403, 1 a, 180,1 be. 
 Pulsatilla: see Anemone, I. 490, 2 c, 491, 1 a. 
 Pulse, of the arteries, XIV. 79. Its form, in 
 varying conditions of the system, 80, 1 be, 
 ff. (ills.). 
 
 Pulteney, William [pult'-ne], earl of Bath, 
 English statesman, XIV. 81. 
 
 Pultock, Robert, English author, XIV. 81. 
 Pultowa [pool-to'-va]: see Poltava. 
 
 Pulu [poo-loo'], fibre of tree fern, VIII. 526, 2 c. 
 Pulvilli, of the fly, VII. 294, 1 c. 
 
 Pulvis antimonialis , I. 565, 2 ab. 
 
 Pulvis aromaticus , III. 777, 2 b. 
 
 Puma : see Couguar, V. 422, 1 c. 
 
 Pumice [pum'-is]: see Obsidian and Pumice, 
 and XVI. 401, 2 ab. 
 
 Pump, XIV. 81. Force pump, 82, 1 a (ill.)) 
 83, 1 ab (ill.); double-acting, 1 be (ill.). 
 Common suction, 82, 1 b (ill.). Lift pump, 
 2 c (ill.) ; plunger, 83, 2 a (ill.). Fire engine, 
 2 b (ill.). Knowles’s steam pump, 84,1 a (ill.). 
 Hydraulic pressure engine, 1 c (ilk). Rotary 
 pumps, 2 c'(ills., 85). Chain pump, 85, 2 b 
 (ill.). Centrifugal pump, 86, 1 a; Mas¬ 
 sachusetts, 1 ab (ill.). Appold’s, 1 be (ill.) ; 
 Gwynne’s, 2 a (ill.). Pulsometer, 2 c. Pumps 
 for ships, mines, &c., 87, 1 a. Cornish 
 bucket, V. 72, 2 be. 
 
 Pumpelly, Raphael, American metallurgist, 
 XIV. 87. 
 
 Pumpkin, XIV. 87. Field pumpkin, 2 a (ilk). 
 Native country, 2 b. Sugar pumpkin, &c., 
 88, 1 a. Medical properties, 1 ab. 
 
 Puna [poo'-na], disease in Bolivia, III. 14, 1 b. 
 Punch, in puppet shows, XIV. 88. 
 
 Punch , in type making, XVI. 93, 1 ab. 
 Punchinello: see PuNcn. 
 
 “ Punching system ,” in naval armament, IX. 
 388, 1 b. 
 
 Punctuation, in grammar, XIV. 88. 
 
 Punica granatum (botany), XIII. 691, 2 b. 
 Punicine [pu'-ne-sin], acrid substance, XIII. 
 692, 2 b. 
 
 Punic war, first, IV. 38, 2 ab; XIV. 405, 1 b ; 
 VIII. 412, 2 a. Origin of, XI. 418, 1 be. 
 Second, IV. 38, 2 c; XIV. 405, 2 c; VIII. 
 442, 1 c. Third, IV. 39, 1 b; XIV. 406, 
 2 ab; VIII. 505, 1 ab. 
 
 Punishment for crime : see Criminal Law. 
 
 Punjaub', province of India, XIV. 89. Divis¬ 
 ions, 2 a. Description, 2 b. Irrigation, 90, 
 
 1 c. Climate, 2 b. Flora, ib. Fauna, 91, 
 
 1 a. Minerals, 1 b. Industries, 1 be. In¬ 
 tercommunication, 2 ab. Finances, 2 b. 
 Population, 2 c. Education, 92, 1 a. Mili¬ 
 tary importance, 1 be. Government, 1 c. 
 History, ib. Referred to, IX. 200, 2 b. 
 
 Punjaubee, language, IX. 216, 2 c; 218, 1 c. 
 
 Punk (tinder), VII. 531, 1 b. 
 
 Punta Arenas [poon-ta-ra'-nass], seaport of 
 Costa Rica, XIV. 93. Chilian penal colony 
 (Sandy Point), X. 844, 1 a. 
 
 Punter, in faro, VII. 89, 1 b. 
 
 Punty, glass blower’s tool, VIII. 14, 2 c (ilk) ; 
 III. 144, 2 c. 
 
 Pupa : see Butterfly, and Chrysalis. 
 
 Pupil of the eye, VII. 46, lb; 47, 1 ab, c. 
 
 Pupip'ara (entomology), VI. 130, 2 a. 
 
 Puppet, of a lathe, XVI. 73, 1 b. 
 
 Purdnas [poo-ra'-nas], in Hindoo literature, 
 IX. 228, 2 be; 223, 1 c. 
 
 Purbach, Georg [poor'-ba k h], German astron¬ 
 omer, XIV. 93 ; I, 341, 2 b. 
 
 Purcell, Henry, English composer, XIV. 93 ; 
 XII. 90, 1 c. 
 
 Purcell, John Baptist, American archbishop, 
 XIV. 93. 
 
 Purchas, Samuel, English author, XIV. 94. 
 
 Purchase, in law, VII. 108, 2 a. 
 
 Purdue university, IX. 238, 1 c. University 
 building (view), X. 94, 1 a. Purdue, John, 
 its founder, ib. 
 
 Purdy, county seat, X. 801, 2 c. 
 
 Pure juice, port wine, XIII. 746, 1 c. 
 
 Purgatory, XIV. 94. St. Patrick’s, VI. 32, 
 1 a. Mohammedan, I. 237, 2 a. 
 
 Purgstall, Hammer: see Hammer-Purgstall. 
 
 Purim, feast of, I. Ill, 1 c; VI. 741, 1 a. 
 
 Puritan, XIV. 94. See Nonconformists, XII. 
 479, 2 a. 
 
 Puritan Sunday, X. 636, 1 c. 
 
 Purley, Diversions of, XV. 797, 2 c. 
 
 Purlins, of a truss, XIV. 421, 1 b. 
 
 Purple, color, XIV. 94. 
 
 Purple-cane family, raspberries, XIV. 210,1 c. 
 
 Purple of Cassius : see Cassius, Purple of, 
 and VIII. 26, 1 be; XV. 760, 1 a. In gems, 
 VII. 664, 2 c. 
 
 Purple emperor, butterfly, III. 500, 1 a. 
 
 Purple foxglove, plant, VI. 106, 2 a (ilk). 
 
 Purple fringe tree, XV. 462,1 c. 
 
 Pur'pur a: see Murex, XII. 54, 2 b, and VI. 
 339, 1 a. 
 
PURPURA 
 
 PYRAMID 
 
 627 
 
 Purpura hemorrhagica, disease, XII. Gl, 1 b. 
 Purpurates, salts, XIV. 95. 
 
 Purpure , in heraldry, VIII. 671, 2 a. 
 Purpurine [pur'-pu-rin], I. 321, 1 b, c. 
 
 Purre , bird, XIV. 599, 2 be. 
 
 Purse line , in mackerel fishing, X. 792, 2 ab. 
 Pursh, Frederick, American botanist, XIV. 95. 
 Purslane, plant, XIV. 95. Common, 1 c (ill.). 
 Hairy, 2 c. Garden portulacas, ib. Sea 
 purslanes, 96, 1 a. Black and milk purs¬ 
 lane, so called, ib. Spring beauty, 1 ab. 
 Purupurus [poo-roo-poo-roos'], Indian tribe, 
 XVI. 41, 1 c. 
 
 PuRtis [poo-rooce'], S. American river, XIV. 96. 
 Purusha , in Hindoo mythology, IX. 224, 2 c. 
 Purva-Mimdnsa [poor'-va-me-man'-sa], in Hin¬ 
 doo philosophy, IX. 227, 2 c. 
 
 Pus corpuscles, IX. 276, 2 b. 
 
 Pusey, Edward Bouverie, English clergyman, 
 XIV. 96. Puseyite party, 1 c. 
 
 Pushan [poo'-shan], in Hindoo mythology, IX. 
 223, 2 c. 
 
 Pushkin, Alexander Sergeyevitch [poosh'-kin], 
 Russian poet, XIV. 96. 
 
 Pushtaneh [poosh-ta'-neh], Afghans, 1.162, 2 c. 
 Pw$^£w[poosh'-too], Afghan language, 1.163,1a. 
 Pus'tule, Malignant, XIV. 97. Phenomena of, 
 
 1 a, ff. Another variety, 2 b. Pathology, 
 
 2 c. Causes, 98, 1 a. Malignant carbuncle 
 in herbivorous animals, 1 ab. Treatment, 
 
 1 c. Historv, 2 c. 
 
 Puteolanum , Cicero’s villa, IV. 573, 1 c. 
 Pute'oli : see Pozzuoli. 
 
 Putlitz, Gustav Heinrich Gans zu [gance tsoo 
 poot'-lits], German poet, XIV. 99. 
 
 Putnam, name of nine counties, XIV. 99. 
 Putnam, Israel, revolutionary soldier, XIV. 
 
 100 ; III. 435 (Bunker Hill). 
 
 Putnam, Mary Lowell, American authoress, 
 XIV. 101. 
 
 Putnam, Rufus, American pioneer, XIV. 101. 
 Putnam's hill, VIII. 239, 2 ab. 
 
 Putorius (zoology), XI. 600, 2 a; XVI. 521, 
 
 2 a; VI. 716, 1 b. P. erminea, VI. 716, 
 1 b, c; VII. 537, 1 b. P. Xoveboracensis, 
 VI. 716, 1 c (ills.). P. Richardsonii (or P. 
 agilis), 717, 1 be. P. longicauda, 1 c. P. 
 Cicognanii (or P. fuscus), ib. P. Kaneii, 2 a. 
 P. feetidus, VII. 154, 1 c. P. furo, 2 a (ill.). 
 P. vison, XI. 600, 2 a (ill.); VII. 536, 1 ab. 
 P. lutreola, XI. 601, 1 a. P. communis, 
 XIII. 658, 2 a (ill.); VII. 538, 2 c. P. pu- 
 sillus, XVI. 521, 2 be. P. vulgaris, 2 c (ill.). 
 P. frenatus, 522, 1 a. 
 
 Putrefaction : see Fermentation, VII. 144, 
 
 1 b, and I. 571, 1 b. 
 
 Putrid sea, II. 175, 1 be (Azov). 
 
 Putting ground: see Golf. > 
 
 Putty, a kind of cement, XIV. 102. 
 
 Putty powder, XV. 759, 2 be. In glass making, 
 VIII. 21, 2 c. 
 
 Putumayo [poo-too-ma'-yo], river, VI. 395, 1 a; 
 III. 219, 2 c. 
 
 n v£oe, box tree, III. 169, 2 be. 
 
 Puy, Le [luh pti-e], town of France, XIV. 102. 
 Puy, Raymond du [dii pti-e], crusader: see 
 Saint John of Jerusalem, XIV. 535,1 c, if. 
 Puy-de-Dome, department of France, XIV. 102. 
 Puysegur, marquis de [pii-e-sa-gur], (Armand 
 Marie Jacques de Chastenet, 1751-1825, gen¬ 
 eral, author of works on animal magnetism), 
 I. 526, 1 b. 
 
 Pyemia, disease, VIII. 562, 2 a; XIV. 69,1 c. 
 Pyat, F61ix [pe-ya], French author, XIV. 102. 
 Pycnidia, in botany, X. 410, 1 ab (ill., 409); 
 VII. 533, 1 b. 
 
 Pycnog'onum littora'le (arachnida), (ill.), XIV. 
 742, 2 a. 
 
 Pydna, ancient town, XIV. 103. 
 
 Pygargus, kind of eagle, VI. 349, 2 ab. 
 Pygmalion, legendary king of Cyprus, XIV. 
 
 103. Of Tyre : see Dido, 
 
 Pygmy, race of dwarfs, XIV. 103. 
 
 Pygolam'pis xanthoph'otis (entomology), VII. 
 214, 1 b. 
 
 Pygop'terus (fossil ichthyology), VII. 616, 2 ab. 
 Pylades [pil'-a-deez]: see Orestes. 
 
 Pylades, Roman dancer, II. 243, 2 b; 391, 1 c. 
 Pyle: see Thermopylae. 
 
 Pyloric cecal appendages, of fishes, XIII. 35, 2 c. 
 Pylo'rus (anatomy), I. 318, 1 b (ill.); XV. 345, 
 
 2 c (ill.) ; XIII. 484, 2 a. 
 
 Pylos, three ancient towns of Greece, XIV. 103. 
 Pym, John, English patriot, XIV. 104. 
 Pynaker, Adam [pl'-na-ker], Dutch painter, 
 XIV. 104. 
 
 Pynchon, William, magistrate, XV. 289, 1 be. 
 
 “ Pynchon house,” 1 c. 
 
 Pyracanth, hedge plant, VIII. 604, 2 b. 
 PyraVides (entomology), XI. 302,1 c; 870,1 a. 
 Pyra'lis farina'lis (entomology), XI. 313, 1 b 
 (ill.); 870, 1 ab. 
 
 Pyr'amid, XIV. 104. Egyptian pyramids, 2 a; 
 I. 654, 1 be. Mastaba, XIV. 104, 2 b (ill.). 
 Great pyramid (of Cheops), 105, 1 c (ill.); 
 cement used in its construction, IV. 180, 2 c. 
 Asiatic, XIV. 107, 1 a. Roman, 1 ab. Ameri¬ 
 can, 1 b: see American Antiquities, I. 396, 
 
628 
 
 PYRAMID 
 
 PYTHON OMORPHS 
 
 2 ab, ff. (ills.); Cholttla ; Iliniza ; and Mex¬ 
 ico, XI. 483, 1 ab. 
 
 Pyramid lake, Nevada (now in Roop co.), XII. 
 264, 1 a, ab. 
 
 Pyramids, battle of the, XI. 74,1 b ; III. 40, 1 a. 
 Pyr'amus and This'be, legendary lovers, XIV. 
 107. 
 
 Pyranga (ornithology), XY. 563, 2 a. P. rubra, 
 2 ab (ill.). 
 
 Pyrar'gyrite , ore of silver, XY. 50, 1 a. 
 Pyrenees [pir-e-neez'J, mountain range, XIY. 
 
 107. Treaty of the, VII. 383, 1 c. 
 Pyrenees, Basses: see BAssEs-PYRENisE9. f 
 Pyrenees, Ilautes: see Hautes-Pyr^nees. 
 Pyrenees - Orientales [pe-ra-na-zo-re-a ng -tal], 
 department of France, XIY. 108. 
 
 Pyrethrum carneum (botany), XIII. 328, 2 b. 
 P. roseum, ib. P. Willemoti, 2 be. P. 
 Tchihatcheffi, X. 222, 1 a. 
 
 Pyrexia, pyrexice : see Fever, and Fevers. 
 Pyrheliometer, I. 76, 2 a. 
 
 Pyrite [pir'-ite], crystal, Y. 538, 2 b. 
 
 Pyrites [pe-ri'-teez], XIY. 109; IX. 366, 2 a. 
 Iron and arsenical, argentiferous character 
 of, XY. 50, 1 b. 
 
 Fyrmont [peer'-munt], German watering place, 
 XIY. 109. 
 
 Pyro-electricity , XY. 697, 2 a. 
 
 Pyro-gallic acid, YII. 577, 2 c. 
 
 Pyroligneous Acid, XIY. 109; I. 62, 1 a; 
 XII. 133, 1 c. 
 
 Pyroligneous ether or spirit : see Pyroxylio 
 Spirit. 
 
 Pyroligneous vinegar: see Pyroligneous Acid. 
 Pyrolu'site, mineral, XI. 102, 2 be. 
 Pyr'omancy, method of divination, X. 846, 
 2c; YI. 154, 1 b. 
 
 Pyrom'eter, measure of heat, XIY. 109. Vari¬ 
 ous forms of, 2 c. Daniell’s, 110, 1 b (ills.); 
 111, 1 be. Wedgwood’s, 111, 1 a. Air 
 pyrometers, 1 c; Jolly’s air thermometer, 
 2 b (ill.). Pouillet’s method, 112, 2 a. Bec- 
 querel’s pyrometer, 113, 1 a. Siemens’s, 
 113, 1 be (ills., 114, 115). Mayer’s, 116, 
 1 ab. Lamy’s, YI. 140, 1 b; III. 772, 1 c. 
 
 Pyromor'phite, phosphate of lead, X. 250, 1 ah 
 Pyr'onene, an explosive, YII. 35, 2 a. 
 Pypophone, musical instrument, XIY. 116. 
 Pyroph'orus, inflammable substance, XIY. 116. 
 Pyrophorus noctilucus (entomology), YII. 213, 
 1 be (ill.). 
 
 Pyroteohny, art of makingfireworks, XIY. 117. 
 Pyr'oxene, mineral, XIY. 118. 
 
 Pyroxyl'ic Spirit, XIY. 118; XII. 133, 1 c. 
 Pyroxyline [pir-ox'-e-lin] : see Explosives, 
 YII. 35, 2 b. 
 
 Pyrrha : see Deucalion, YI. 53, 2 c. 
 
 Pyrrho, Greek philosopher, XIY. 118; XIII. 
 438, 2 a. 
 
 Pyrrhonists , followers of Pyrrho, XIY. 118,2 be. 
 Pyrrhula rnbicilla (ornithology), III. 426, 
 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Pyrrhus, son of Achilles: see Neoptolemus. 
 Pyrrhus, king of Epirus, XIY. 118; X. 570, 
 
 1 b; YII. 52, 2 c. 
 
 Pyrus (botany), XIII. 211,1 b; XIY. 152,1 a; 
 
 784, 2 a; XI. 355, 2 c. P. Americana, I. 806, 
 
 2 b. P. (or sorbus) aucuparia, 2 c; XIY. 
 
 785, 1 a. P. communis, XIII. 211, 1 b. P. 
 Cydonia, XIY. 152, 1 a (ill., 151). P. Japo- 
 nica, 152, 2 b (ill.). P. microcarpa, I. 806, 
 2 c. P. sorbus, XIY. 784, 2 a (ill.). P. 
 torminalis, 785, 2 a. 
 
 Pythag'oras, Greek philosopher, XIY. 119. 
 Proposition of, in geometry, YII. 700, 2 c. 
 See Harmony, YIII. 466, 1 ab ; Moral 
 Philosophy, XI. 808, 1 a; Philosophy, 
 XIII. 429, 2 be, c, 436, 2 be. 
 
 Pythago'rean letter (Y), XYI. 760, 1 be. 
 Pyth'eas, Greek navigator, XIY. 120. 
 
 Pythia, priestess of the Delphic oracle, Y. 
 
 785, 2 ab; XII. 660, 1 c. 
 
 Pythian Games, XIY. 121. Referred to, XY. 
 701, 2 be. 
 
 Pythias : see Damon and Pythias. 
 
 Python, genus of serpents, XIY. 121; II. 762, 
 1 c (ill.); I. 169, 1 a. In mythology: see 
 Pytman Games. 
 
 Pythonomorphs, fossil sea serpents, referred 
 to, YI. 487, 2 be. 
 
 / 
 
Q 
 
 QUATERNARY 
 
 629 
 
 a 
 
 Q, a letter, XIY. 121. Relation to the He¬ 
 brew and Phoenician, 1 b; to the Latin, ib .; 
 to the Anglo-Saxon, 1 c. Interchanges, ib. 
 As a Latin numeral, ib .; an abbreviation, ib. 
 “ Q. Q ., Contributions of” XY. 593, 2 a. 
 
 Qua Bird : see Night Heron, XII. 443, 2 b. 
 Quack (grass), Y. 420, 2 b; YIII. 166, 2 c. 
 Quaokenbos, George Payn, American educa¬ 
 tor, XIY. 121. 
 
 Quade; see Grane. 
 
 Quadi, ancient German people, XIY. 121. 
 
 Roman victory over, I. 574, 2 c. 
 
 Quadra and Vancouver island , XYI. 256, 2 be. 
 Quadrant, for measuring angles, XIY. 121. 
 Hadley’s (Godfrey’s), 122, 1 b. Gunner’s 
 square, 2 a. 
 
 Quadrats , in printing (1 en to 3 ems), XIII. 
 847, 2 a. 
 
 Quadrature, in mathematics, XIY. 122. Prob¬ 
 lem of the quadrature of the circle, 2 ab; 
 of the ratio of the diameter to the circum¬ 
 ference in arithmetical terms, 2 b, ff.; in 
 geometrical construction, 123, 1 c. Yieta’s 
 algebraic expression of it referred to, I. 
 302, 1 a. 
 
 Quadrilateral of fortresses , X. 320, 2 ab (Le- 
 
 GNAGO). 
 
 Quad'rireme , ancient galley, YII. 575, 2 ab. 
 Quadrivium and trivium , in mediaeval educa¬ 
 tion, IY. 66, 1 c; V. 670, 1 ab. 
 
 Quadroon', XII. 217, 1 ab. 
 
 Quadru'mana, division of the mammalia, XIY. 
 123. Families, 2 c. Anatomy, 124, 1 b. 
 Distribution, 2 a. Fossil remains, 2 ab. 
 Zoological relations, 2 b. 
 
 Quadrupeds , XI. 75, 1 a; 79, 2 b. 
 
 Quadruple alliance, against Spain, I. 250, 2 a. 
 Quaestor, Roman officer, XIY. 124. 
 
 Quagga, animal, XIY. 125 (ill.). 
 
 Quahada, Indians, Y. 132, 2 b. 
 
 Quahaug : see Clam, and XI. 722, 1 a. 
 
 Quail, bird, XIY. 125. Common American, 
 2 c (ill., 126); California, 126, 2 ab (ill.); 
 European, 2 c (ill., 127); Chinese, 127, 1 b. 
 Bush quails, ib. 
 
 Quake (grass), Y. 420, 2 b. 
 
 Quaker buttons, XII. 546, 1 ab. 
 
 Quakers : see Friends. Executed on Boston 
 Common, III. 126, 2 c. Supposed origin of 
 the name, YII. 361, 2 a; 493, 2 b. 
 
 Qualified fee, in law, YII. 108, 2 c. 
 
 Quangsi: see Kwangsi. 
 
 Quanta Cura, papal bull, XY. 536, 2 b. 
 Quantiv'alence, XL 583, 2 b (Mineralogy). 
 Quantrell, guerilla captain, X. 232, 2 c; IX. 
 756, 2 a. 
 
 Quapaws, Indians, IX. 180, 2 c; I. 712, 2 a. 
 Quarantine, police regulation, XIY. 127. Date 
 of in Europe, 2 b; in England, 128,1 be; in 
 the United States, 1 c. Review of its his¬ 
 tory, 2 ab. Rigorous quarantine, 129, 1 a. 
 Defective in the United States, 1 c; attempt¬ 
 ed remedy, 130, 1 b. New York establish¬ 
 ment, 129, 2 a. Quarantine in France, 130, 
 
 1 b; in India, 1 c. Substitute for, 2 a. 
 
 Qua're impe'dit, in law, YII. 25, 2 c; 26, 1 c. 
 
 See Disseisin, YI. 139, 1 b. 
 
 Quarken, straits of, III. 138, 2 c. 
 
 Quarles, Francis, English author, XIY. 130. 
 John, 131, 1 a. 
 
 Quarrellers, Indians, IX. 788, 1 a. 
 
 Quarreltown, Scotland, subterranean fire at, 
 XIY. 109, 1 c. 
 
 Quarry, XI. 569, 2 a (Mine). 
 
 Quartan type of fever, YII. 164, 2 c. Double 
 quartan, 165, 1 a. 
 
 Quarter, in heraldry, YIII. 672, 2 b. 
 
 Quarter deck, of a ship, XII. 187, 2 b. 
 
 Quarter section, of U. S. lands, XY. 491, 2 a. 
 Quarter tenses, Catholic fasts, VI. 559, 2 ab. 
 Quartered, in heraldry, YIII. 671, 2 c. 
 Quartering of coats of arms, in heraldry, YIII. 
 673, 2 c; 674, 1 a. 
 
 Quarterly quartered, in heraldry, YIII. 671, 
 
 2 c. (See plate.) 
 
 Quarterly meeting: see Methodism, XI. 452,2 c. 
 Quartet', in music, XII. 91, 1 b. 
 
 Quarto, form of book, III. 75, 2 c. 
 Quartodecimans, YI. 374, 1 a (Easter). 
 Quartz, mineral, XIY. 131. Rock crystal, 
 2 be. Brazilian pebbles, 2 c. White topaz, 
 or California diamonds, ib. Quartz gold, 
 132, 1 ab; extraction of, YIII. 84, 1 b. 
 Quartzite, XIY. 131, 1 ab; 370, 1 be. 
 
 Quass, Russian distilled spirit, XIY. 504, 2 a. 
 Quaschi: see Coaiti, IY. 725, 2 c. 
 
 Quassia, bitter drug, XIY. 132. Bitter wood, 
 1 b (ill.). Bitter cups, or quassia cups, 2 ab. 
 Quassiine [kwos'-se-in], XIY. 132, 2 a. 
 Quaternary age, in geology, XIII. 613, 2 c. 
 
630 
 
 QUATERNARY 
 
 quErouaille 
 
 Quaternary bodies, in chemistry, XII. 475, 1 a. 
 Quaterne, the, in a lottery, X. 647, 1 be. 
 Quaternions, in geometry, VII. 700, 2 be, 702, 
 
 1 c; VIII. 424, 2 b; XI. 275, 1 a. 
 Quatlamba mountains, Africa, I. 164, 2 be. 
 Quatre Bras [ka-trnh bra]: see Waterloo, 
 
 XVI. 505, 1 b, c. 
 
 Quatrefages de Breau, Jean Louis Armand 
 de [ka-truh-fazh dhh bra-o], French natural¬ 
 ist, XIV. 132. 
 
 Quatre-foil, double , in heraldry, VIII. 673, 
 
 2 be. (See plate.) 
 
 Quatremere, Etienne Marc [ka-truh-mair], 
 French orientalist, XIV. 133. 
 
 Quatremere de Quincy, Antoine Chrysostom e 
 [duh ka ne -se], French archaeologist, XIV. 133. 
 Quatuor, XII. 94, 2 b (Musical Box). 
 
 Quawk: see Qua Bird. 
 
 Quebec, province of Canada, XIV. 133. Polit¬ 
 ical divisions, 2 a. Population, 2 be. To¬ 
 pography, 134, 1 be. Hydrography, 2 a. Ge¬ 
 ology and minerals, 135, 2 a. Climate, 2 be. 
 Soil, 136, 1 a. Flora and fauna, 1 b. In¬ 
 dustries, ib. Commerce, 2 a. Intercom¬ 
 munication, 2 c. Government, 137, 1 ab. 
 Public institutions, 2 be. Education, 2 c. 
 Newspapers, &c., 138, 2 b. Religious or¬ 
 ganizations, 2 be. History, 2 c. Industrial 
 statistics, XII. 822-’4 (Appendix). 
 
 Quebec, county, XIV. 139. 
 
 Quebec, city, XIV. 139 (view). Wolf’s monu¬ 
 ment, 140,1 b (ill.). Lower town, 1 c. New 
 Liverpool, 2 ab. South Quebec, ib. Public 
 buildings, 2 c. Harbor, 141,1 b. Commerce, 
 ib. Manufactures, 1 c. Benevolent institu¬ 
 tions, 2 ab. Educational institutions, 142, 
 1 a. Laval university, 1 b. History, 143,1 b. 
 Quedlinburg [kwed'-lin-boorg], town of Prus¬ 
 sia, XIV. 143. 
 
 Queen, wife of a king, or a female sovereign, 
 XIV. 144. 
 
 “ Queen, the little," mistress of Charles VI. of 
 France, IV. 286, 1 c. 
 
 Queen Anne, county, XIV. 144. 
 
 Queen Anne's bounty, I. 531, 1 a. 
 
 Queen Anne's pocket piece, cannon, III. 706, 2 c. 
 Queen bee, II. 452, 2 a (ill.); 454,1 a; 456,1 a, c. 
 Queen Charlotte Islands, N. Pacific, XIV. 144. 
 Queen Charlotte Sound: see Vancouver 
 Island. 
 
 Queen conch shell, VIII. 792, 2 c; III. 652, 1 c. 
 Queen Mab: see Mab, and Fairies, VII. 65, 1 b. 
 Queen of the meadows, plant, XV. 274, 1 c. 
 Queen of the prairie, plant, XV. 275, 1 a. 
 
 Queen-post truss , XIV. 421, 1 be (ill.). 
 
 Queens, county, XIV. 144. 
 
 Queen’s, three counties of Canada, XIV. 144. 
 Queen’s, county of Ireland, XIV. 145. 
 
 Queen's counsel , lawyer, X. 237, 1 b. 
 
 Queen's delight, plant, XV. 559, 2 be. 
 
 Queen's Ferry covenant, referred to, III. 786,1 c. 
 Queensland, Australian colony, XIV. 145. 
 Population, 1 b; religious division of, ib. 
 Coast line, 1 c. Physical features, 2 ab. 
 Climate, 146, 1 a. Productions, ib. Miner¬ 
 als, 1 be. Government, 1 c. Education, 2 ab. 
 Commerce, 2 be. History, 147, 1 a. 
 
 Queen's metal, alloy, XIII. 377, 1 b. 
 Queenstown, Ireland, XIV. 147. 
 
 Queenstown heights, battle of, XIV. 710, 1 b. 
 Queen's ware, pottery, XIII. 783, 1 ab. 
 Quek'ett, John Thomas, English microscopist, 
 XIV. 147. 
 
 Quelpaert Island [kwel'-part], XIV. 147. 
 Quenaudon, Marie Therese [kuh-no-d6 nB ], (Mme. 
 Piron), XIII. 540, 1 b. 
 
 Querard, Joseph Marie [ka-rar], French bib¬ 
 liographer, XIV. 147. 
 
 Quercitannic acid, XV. 567, 1 c. 
 
 Quercitrine [kwer-cit'-rin], XIV. 147, 2 be. 
 Quercitron, dyestuff, XIV. 147; II. 314, 1 c. 
 Quercus (botany), XII. 551, 1 b. Q. alba, 2 c 
 (ill., 552) ; obtusiloba, 2 ab (ill.) ; macrocar- 
 pa, 553, 1 a (ill.); lyrata, 1 c; bicolor, 2 a 
 (ill.); prinus, 2 ab ; var. monticola, or mon- 
 tana, 2 c (ill., 554); var. acuminata, or cas- 
 tanea, 1 a; var. Michauxii, 1 c; var. humi- 
 lis, 2 a. Q. virens, 2 b (ills.) ; var. maritima 
 and dentata, 555, 1 a. Q. cinerea, 1 c; phel- 
 los, ib.; var. laurifolia, ib., and arenaria, 2 a. 
 Q. imbricaria, ib. ; aquatica, ib. ; nigra, ib. ; 
 Leana, heterophylla, and ilicifolia, 2 b (ill.); 
 falcata, 2 c; Catesbsei, 556, 1 a; coccinea, 
 
 1 ab (ill.); var. tinctoria, 1 c. Q. rubra, 2 a; 
 Garryana, 2 ab; lobata and Hindsii, 2 b; 
 Douglasii and densiflora, 2 c; chrysolepis, 
 crassipocula, and fulvescens, ib. ; agrifolia, 
 557, 1 a (ill.); robur, 1 be, c (ill.); var. ses- 
 siliflora and pedunculata, 1 c. Q. cerris, 
 
 2 b; ilex, 2 c; ballota and Gramuntia, 1 ab; 
 segilops, 1 b (ill.); var. camata and camatina, 
 1 c. Q. coccifera, mannifera, vallonea, and 
 Persica, ib. 
 
 Queretaro [ka-ra'-ta-ro], state of Mexico, XIV. 
 147. Capital, 148, 1 a. 
 
 Querini, Girolamo [kwa-re'-ne], Italian schol¬ 
 ar, XIV. 148. 
 
 Querouaille, Louise de [kair-way’], mistress of 
 
QUERQUEDULA 
 
 QUITCH 
 
 631 
 
 Charles II., made duchess of Portsmouth, 
 III. 387, la; IY. 283, 2 c. 
 
 Querquedu'la (ornithology), XY. 603, 2 b. 
 
 Quesada : see Ximenes de Quesada. 
 
 Quesnay, Frangois [ka-na], French economist, 
 XIV. 148. 
 
 Quesnel, Pasquier [ka-nel], French theologian, 
 XIY. 148. ' 
 
 Question (torture), XY. 814, 1 c. 
 
 Quetelet, Lambert Adolphe Jacques [ka-tla], 
 Belgian statistician, XIY. 148. 
 
 Quetsche plum, XIII. 621, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Quetzalcoatl [ket-sal-kwatb], in Mexican 
 mythology, XIY. 149; XI. 474, 1 c; I. 397, 
 1 a; IY. 515, 2 a, c; temple of, ib. 
 
 Quevedo y Villegas, Francisco Gomez de 
 [ka-va'-£7m e ve-lya'-gass], Spanish author, 
 XIY. 149; XY. 222, 1 be. 
 
 Quezaltenango [ka-sal-ta-nang'-go], department 
 and city of Guatemala, VIII. 290, 1 b, 2 a, be. 
 
 Quia emptores , statute, Y. 150, 1 c. 
 
 $wifoZ0[keeb'-do], town of Colombia, II. 89, 2 ab. 
 
 Quiches [ke-chace'J, nation of Guatemala, XIY. 
 149. 
 
 Quichuas [ke'-chwas], people of Peru, XIY. 150. 
 
 Quickening , in pregnancy, I. 27, 2 c. 
 
 Quicklime , X. 477, 2 ab. See Carbonates, 
 III. 772, 1 c. 
 
 Quickset , plant, XY. 722, 1 c. 
 
 Quicksilver : see Mercury. 
 
 Quietism : see Molinos, XI. 720, 1 c. 
 
 Quignones , cardinal [ke-nyone], reformed bre¬ 
 viary of, referred to, Y. 153, 2 ab. 
 
 Quilimane [ke-le-ma'-na], town of Mozam¬ 
 bique, XIY. 150. 
 
 Quill , of a feather, VII. 103, 2 b. 
 
 Quill, in watch-making machinery, IY. 705, 2 a. 
 
 Quillaja saponaria (botany), XY. 138, 2 a. 
 
 Quillay [ke-lyi'], tree, XIII. 338, 1 b. 
 
 Quillinan , Edward , English author, XYI. 729, 
 1 a. 
 
 Quillwort, genus of plants, XIY. 150 (ill., 
 151); X. 744, 1 b. 
 
 Quiloa [ke'-lwa]: see Kilwa. 
 
 Quimper [ka ng -pair], town of France, XIY. 151. 
 
 Quin, James, English actor, XIY. 151. 
 
 Quinary flowers, VIII. 31, 1 a. 
 
 Quinary System (Macleay’s): see Entomology, 
 YI. 661,1 ab,and Ornithology, XII.706, lb. 
 
 Quinate leaves , XIII. 525, 2 a. 
 
 Quinault, Philippe [ke-no], French dramatist, 
 XIY. 151. 
 
 Quince, plant, XIY. 151. Apple-shaped, 152, 
 1 c (ill., 151); Chinese, 2 b ; Japan, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Quincey , Thomas Be: see De Quincey. 
 
 Quincy [k win'-ze], town of Massachusetts, XIY. 
 153. 
 
 Quincy, city of Illinois, XIY. 153. 
 
 Quincy , county seats, I. 82, 1 c (two), 2 a; 
 VII. 551, 1 c; XIII. 621, 2 b. 
 
 Quincy, Josiah, jr., American lawyer and rev¬ 
 olutionary patriot, XIY. 153. Josiah, states¬ 
 man, 154, 1 c. Denunciation of the slave¬ 
 holding interest, 2 a; of the war of 1812, 
 2 ab. Ruling on the law of libel, 2 be. Ed¬ 
 mund, author, 155, 1 a (died 1877). 
 
 Quincy, Quatremere de : see Quatrem^re de 
 Quincy. 
 
 Quinebaug river [kwin-e-bawg'J, Connecticut, 
 Y. 251, 2 ab, b. 
 
 Quinepiack river [kwin-e-pe-ak'], Y. 251, 1 c. 
 
 Quinet, Edgar[ke-na],French author, XIY. 155. 
 
 Quinia [kwin'-e-a], IY. 586, 1 a (twice), 1 c, 
 2 a; 587,1 a, be. As an antiseptic, I. 571, 2 b. 
 
 Quinio Acid : see Kinio Acid. 
 
 Quinidia , quinicia , IY. 586, 2 b, be. 
 
 Quinine [kwl'-nine or kwin'-ine]: see Cincho¬ 
 na, IY. 586, 1 a. In fever, VII. 165, 1 b, 2 a. 
 
 Quinipissas , Indian tribe, II. 405, 2 a. 
 
 Quinoa [ke'-nwa], plant, YI. 34, 2 c. 
 
 Quinoidine [kwin-oi'-din], IY. 586, 1 c. 
 
 Quinotannic acid , XY. 567, 1 c. 
 
 Quin'quereme, ancient galley, VII. 575, 2 b. 
 
 Quinsig'amond, Lake , XIV. 456, 2 a, c; 457,1 a. 
 
 Quinsy, throat disease, XIY. 155; XY. 796, 2 b. 
 
 Quintana [keen-ta'-na], Manuel Jose, Spanish 
 poet, XIY. 155. 
 
 Quinte , musical instrument, XYI. 367, 1 a. 
 
 Quintianus , pagan tyrant, I. 179, 1 a. 
 
 Quintilian, Marcus Fabius, Roman rhetorician, 
 XIY. 156; X. 197, 2 ab. 
 
 Quintus Curtius Rufus : see Curtius. 
 
 Quintus Icilius : see GuiscnARD. 
 
 Quinze Vingts , hospice des [us-peece da ka ng z 
 va ng ], hospital for the blind, II. 715, 1 b. 
 
 Quipu [ke-poo'j, Peruvian sign writing, XIII. 
 341, 1 ab; 748, 1 c. 
 
 Quirina academy [kwe-re'-na], its establish¬ 
 ment, VIII. 175, 2 c. 
 
 Quirinal hill ( Quirinalis mons ), of Rome, XIY. 
 409, 1 ab; 410, 2 a. 
 
 Quiri'nus: see Mars, XI. 190, 2 c, and Romu¬ 
 lus, XIY. 419, 1 b. 
 
 Quirites [kwe-ri'-teez] : see Cures. 
 
 Quis'calus (ornithology), VIII. 145, 1 b, 2 ab. 
 Q. macrourus, 2 b ; major, 2 be ; versicolor, 
 146, 1 b (ill.), II. 676, 1 b. 
 
 Quitch (grass), Y. 420, 2 b. 
 
632 
 
 QUITCLAIM 
 
 RADISH 
 
 Quitclaim, in law, XIV. 156. 
 
 Quitman, county, XIV. 156. 
 
 Quitman , county seats, III. 327, 1 b; IV. 636, 
 1 a; XVI. 705, 2 be. 
 
 Quitman, John Anthony, American politician, 
 XIV. 156. 
 
 Quito [ke'-to], city of Ecuador, XIV. 157. 
 History, 2 ab. 
 
 Quitus [ke'-toos], Indians, VI. 397, 1 b. 
 
 Quoin , hollow [koin], of a canal lock, HI. 681, 
 
 1 b. Quoin post, or heel, ib. 
 
 Quoratem , Indians, X. 22, 1 b. 
 
 Quorneth , temple of at Thebes (ill.), I. 654. 
 Quorra (Niger), I. 166, 2 a; XII. 441, 1 c. 
 Quotidian type of fever , VII. 164, 2 c. Dou¬ 
 ble quotidian, 165, 1 a. 
 
 Quo warranto: see Ejectment, VII. 26, 1 a, 
 
 2 a; Scire Facias, XIV. 695, 2 b. 
 
 R 
 
 R, a letter, XIV. 157. Relation to the Greek, j 
 Hebrew, and Phoenician, 1 c. Pronunciation, 
 
 2 c; in other languages, 158, 1 a. Inter¬ 
 change with other letters, 1 ab. As a nu¬ 
 meral, 1 b; an abbreviation, ib. 
 
 Ea [ra], Egyptian divinity, XII. 116, 1 c; VI. 
 464, 1 ab. Symbol of, 1 b. 
 
 Raab [rab], county of Hungary, XIV. 158. 
 Capital city, 1 b. 
 
 Rab, prefix : see Rabbi. 
 
 Eababa , musical instrument, II. 450, 2 a. 
 
 Rabannes , matting, X. 812, 2 be. 
 
 Rabanus Maurus, German theologian, XIV. 
 158. 
 
 Rabat [ra-bat'J, town of Morocco, XIV. 158. 
 
 Rabban , title, VII. 605, 2 b. See Rabbi. 
 
 Rabbath-Ammon : see Philadelphia, Pales¬ 
 tine. 
 
 Rabbenu , title, VII. 777, 1 c. See Rabbi. 
 
 Rabbet , in a ship, XIV. 863, 1 a. 
 
 Rabbi, title, XIV. 158. 
 
 Rabbin : see Rabbi. 
 
 Rabbinical dialect , XIV. 158, 2 c. 
 
 Rabbit, animal, XIV. 158. European, 159, 
 
 1 a (ill.); American gray, 2 b (ill.); sage, I 
 160, 1 b; jackass, ib. —Skins of, VII. 539, 
 la. Fur of the silver gray rabbit, 540, 1 a. 
 See IIyrax, IX. 138, 1 c, 2 ab. 
 
 Rabboni : see Rabbi. 
 
 Rabdichnites [rab'-dik-nites]: see Fossil Foot¬ 
 prints, VII. 342, 2 c. 
 
 Robe , John [ra'-b&h], reputed father of Catha¬ 
 rine I., IV. 110, 1 c. 
 
 Rabelais, Francois [ra-bla], French author, 
 XIV. 160; VII. 404, 1 b. 
 
 Rabies [ra'-be-eez]: see Hydrophobia. 
 
 Rabona , ancient city, XIV. 158, 1 b. 
 
 Rabshakeh , Assyrian officer, II. 35, 2 c. 
 
 Ra'bun, county, XIV. 161. 
 
 Raccoon', XIV. 161 (ill.). Fur of, VII. 539,1 a. 
 
 | Raccoon berry , plant, XIII. 633, 1 c. 
 
 Race , of plants, XIII. 592, 2 be. 
 
 Race horse: see Turf. English: see Horse, 
 
 VIII. 828, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Raceme ', in plants, XIII. 584, 2 a, b. 
 
 Racem'ic acid , XV. 574, 2 c; 575, 1 c, 2 ab. 
 Racer , snake, II. 684, 1 b. 
 
 Rachel, in Biblical history: see Jacob. 
 Rachel [ra-shel], (Elisabeth Rachel Felix), 
 French actress, XIV. 162. 
 
 Rachis [ra'-kis], in grasses, VIII. 166, 2 a. 
 Racine [ra-seen'j, county, XIV. 162. 
 
 Racine, city of "Wisconsin, XIV. 162. 
 
 Racine, Jean, French dramatist, XIV. 163. 
 
 Louis, writer, 1 c. 
 
 Rack: see Torture, XV. 815, 1 a. 
 
 Racket , in tennis, XV. 651, 1 ab. 
 
 “ Racking or battering system ,” in naval arma¬ 
 ment, IX. 388, 1 b. 
 
 Racoonda: see Coypu. 
 
 Racovian catechism , XV. 146, 1 b. 
 
 Radagaisus , barbarian chief, XVI. 563, 2 a. 
 Radama [ra-da'-ma], king, X. 813, 2 b. 
 Radcliffe, Ann, English novelist, XIV. 163. 
 
 ! Radcliffe, John, physician, XIV. 163. Rad¬ 
 cliffe library, 2 c; XII. 763, 2 c. Radcliffe 
 observatory, 2 ab. 
 
 Radegast , Slavic deity, XV. 104, 2 a. 
 Radersburg , county seat, IX. 588, 2 c. 
 Radetzky, Joseph Wenzel, count, Austrian 
 general, XIV. 163 ; II. 146, 1 a, c, 2 c. 
 Radia'ta, class of invertebrates, XIV. 164; 
 
 IX. 325, 1 b, 2 a. 
 
 Radiates: see Radiata (Index). 
 
 Radical , in English politics, XVI. 596, 1 a. 
 Radicle , in chemistry, XII. 478, 1 a; in plants, 
 XIII. 575, 1 a, 591, 2 be. 
 
 Radien Athzie , Lappish deity, X. 164, 2 b. 
 
 Radien Kiedde, ib. 
 
 Radish, plant, XIV. 164 (ill., 165). 
 
KADI US 
 
 RAISING 
 
 633 
 
 Radius vector (astronomy), IX. 807, 2 b. 
 
 Radix antidy sent erica (botany), IX. 343, 1 ab. 
 Radnorshire, county of Wales, XIV. 165. 
 Radom [ra'-dom], government of Poland, XIV. 
 165. 
 
 R adowitz, Joseph Maria von [fon ra'-do-vits], 
 Prussian statesman, XIV. 165. 
 
 Radziwill [rad'-zhe-vil], family of Lithuania 
 and Poland, XIV. 166. Radziwill Bible, 1 a. 
 Rae, Dr. John [ra]: see Arctic Discovery, I. 
 
 673, 1 b, 2 c; 674, 1 b; 675, 2 a; 676, 1 b. 
 Raeburn, Sir Henry [ra'-burn], Scottish paint¬ 
 er, XIV. 166. 
 
 Ra-em-he , statue of (Egyptian), XIV. 717, 1 b. 
 Raff, Joachim, German composer, XIV. 166. 
 Raffaelle [raf-fa-el'-la]: see Raphael. 
 Raffaelle ware (majolica), XIII. 781, 2 b. 
 Raffles, Sir Thomas Stamford, English official, 
 XIV. 166. 
 
 Rafflesia [raf-fle'-ze-a], genus of plants, XIV. 
 166; XV. 465, 1 c. R. Arnoldi, XIV. 167, 
 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Rafflesia'cece (botany), XIV. 166,2 be; 167,1 ab. 
 Rafinesque, Constantine Smaltz [raf-e-nesk'J, 
 American botanist, XIV. 167. On ichthy¬ 
 ology, IX. 160, 1 b, 162, 1 a. 
 
 Rafn, Carl Christian, Danish arch geologist, 
 XIV. 167. 
 
 “ Rafts ,” of the western rivers, VII. 273, 2 b. 
 
 The “great raft” of Red river, XIV. 237,1 a. 
 Ragatz [ra-gats'], Swiss watering place, XIV. 
 
 167. 
 
 Rag fair , in London, X. 614, 1 ab. 
 
 Ragged robin , plant, X. 741, 2 ab. 
 Ragged-sailor , plant, XIII. 688, 2 c. 
 
 Ragged schools, founder of, III. 94, 1 be. 
 
 Ragi, a kind of grain, XII. 114, 1 a. 
 
 Raglan, Fitzroy James Henry Somerset, baron, 
 English general, XIV. 167. 
 
 Ragotzky : see Rak6czy. 
 
 Raguet, Condy [ra-ga'], American political 
 economist, XIV. 167. 
 
 Raguly line, in heraldry, VIII. 672, 1 a (ill.). 
 Ragusa [ra-goo'-za], town of Dalmatia, XIV. 
 
 168. History, 1 be. Literary period of, 784, 
 1 c ; dialect, ib. Duke of: see Marmont. 
 
 Ragusa, town of Sicily, XIV. 168. 
 
 Rahan, Buddhist priest, XIII. 832, 1 c. 
 Rahnumai Mazdias'na [ra-noo-ml'], Parsee so¬ 
 ciety, XIII. 129, 2 a. 
 
 RAnwAY [raw'-wa], city of Hew Jersey, XIV. 
 168. 
 
 Raia [ra'-ya], (ichthyology), XIV. 222, 1 b. 
 R. laevis, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Raibolini, Francesco [ri-bo-le'-ne]: see Fran- 
 cia, Francesco. 
 
 Raiidce [ra'-ye-de], (ichthyology), XIV. 222,1 a. 
 
 Raikes, Robert, English philanthropist, XIV. 
 168. 
 
 Rail, bird, XIV. 168. Fresh-water marsh hen, 
 or red-breasted rail, 169, 1 b (ill.); salt-wa¬ 
 ter, or clapper rail, 1 c. Virginia rail, 2 a. 
 European water rail, 2 ab. Carolina or sora 
 rail, 2 be (ill.). Little black and yellow¬ 
 breasted rails, 170, 1 a, ab. 
 
 Rail: see Railroad, XIV. 170, 1 be, 179, 2 c. 
 
 Railroad, XIV. 170. The first, 1 be ; first 
 passenger road, 171, 2 a; car (ill.), ib. 
 Railroads in America, 172,1 b. Pacific rail¬ 
 roads, 174, 2 a (profile). Railway statistics, 
 175, 2 b. Railroad management, 176, 1 be. 
 Construction and rolling stock, 177, 1 be; 
 curves, 178,1 a; grades, 1 c; road bed, 2 be; 
 sleepers, 179, 1 c; rails, 2 c; cars, 181,1 be; 
 Pullman parlor car, 2 be (ill.) ; viaducts, 182, 
 1 c. Cost of railway construction and man¬ 
 agement, 2 ab. Harrow-gauge railroads, 
 
 383, 2 b. City railroads, 184, 1 b. Moun¬ 
 tain railroads, 2 c. 
 
 Railway, Atmospheric: see Pneumatic De¬ 
 spatch, and Pneumatic Railway. 
 
 Railway : see Railroad. 
 
 Railway companies, responsibility of: see Mas¬ 
 ter and Servant, XI. 265, 1 a. 
 
 Raimondi, Marc’ Antonio [ri-mon'-de], Italian 
 engraver, XIV. 185. 
 
 Rain, XIV. 185. (Chart.) Formation, 1 be. 
 Distribution over the globe, 2 c; table, 186, 
 
 1 a. Secular variation in rainfall, 2 be (table) ; 
 in the United States, 2 c (table, 187).—Red 
 rain: see Blood Rain. Rain drops, how 
 formed, 1.117, 1 b. Remarkable local rain¬ 
 fall, VII. 631, 1 b. See Meteorology, XI. 
 442, 2 a, ff. 
 
 Rainbow, XIV. 187. Attempted explanation 
 of, by Aristotle and others, 1 c, ff.; VI. 205, 
 
 2 c. Descartes’s explanation, XIV. 187, 2 c 
 (ill., 188). Lunar rainbow, 188, 2 c. Fog 
 bows, &c., ib. ; parhelia, 189, 1 a: see Halo. 
 
 Rain Crow : see Cuckoo, V. 557, 2 be. 
 
 Rain Gauge, XIV. 189. 
 
 Rains, county, XIV. 189. 
 
 Rainulf, Horman leader, II. 161, 2 c. 
 
 Rainy Lake, XIV. 189. River, 1 c. 
 
 “ Raise ,” a, in mining, XI. 573, 1 a. 
 
 Raisin, dried fruit of the grape vine, XIV. 189. 
 
 Raisine compose [ra-ze-na ko ng -puh-za], con¬ 
 serve, I. 600, 2 b. 
 
634 
 
 RAISIN RIVER 
 
 RAMSDEN 
 
 Raisin river (about 150 ra. long), XT. 761, 1 b, 
 be. Battle of the (at Frenclitown, now 
 Monroe), XVI. 164, 1 a. 
 
 Raiz preta [rice pra'-ta], medicinal plant, III. 
 550, 2 a. 
 
 Rajahmun'dry, town of British India, XIV. 190. 
 
 Rajamahendri: see Rajahmundry. 
 
 Rajasthan [ra-jas-tan'J: see Rajpootana. 
 
 Raj Gonds, tribe of India, VIII. 97, 2 c. 
 
 Rajpootana [raj-poo-ta'-na], territory of Brit¬ 
 ish India, XIV. 190; IX. 201, 1 a. Admin¬ 
 istrative and diplomatic authority, XIV. 190, 
 2 b. Military force, 2 be. History, 2 c. 
 
 Rajpoots , Hindoo race, IX. 213, 2 b, 214, 1 a; 
 XIV. 190, 2 c. 
 
 Rake veins , of galena, X. 250, 2 ab. 
 
 Rakhs , tracts of wood and jungle, XIV. 90, 2 c. 
 
 Rakoczy [ra'-ko-tse], Transylvanian family, 
 XIV. 191. George I., prince, 1 ab. George 
 II., 1 b; referred to, IX. 650, 2 be. Francis 
 II., XIV. 191, 1 b; IX. 58, 1 be. 
 
 Rakos [ra'-kosh]: see Pestii, XIII. 349, 1 be. 
 
 Rakshasas [rak-sha'-sas], in Hindoo mytholo¬ 
 gy, IX. 224, 1 a. 
 
 Rale, Sebastien [ral], Indian missionary, XIV. 
 191; 1.19, 2 c. Abenaqui dictionary, 20, 1 a. 
 
 Raleigh [raw'-le], county, XIV. 191. 
 
 Raleigh, city of North Carolina, XIV. 191. 
 
 Raleigh , county seat, XV. 115, 1 a. 
 
 Raleigh, Sir Walter, English courtier, naviga¬ 
 tor, and author, XIV. 192. Attempt to col¬ 
 onize Virginia, 2 ab. Expedition to Guiana, 
 193, 1 ab. Thirteen years’ imprisonment, 
 1 c. Second expedition to Guiana, ib. Ex¬ 
 ecution, 2 b. Characterization, ib. 
 
 Raleigh Court House, county seat, XIV. 191,1 c. 
 
 Ralls, county, XIV. 193. 
 
 Rallus (ornithology), XIV. 168, 2 b. R. ele- 
 gans, 169, 1 b (ill.); crepitans, 1 c; Virgini- 
 anus, 2 a; aquaticus, 2 b. 
 
 Ralph, James, English author, XIV. 193. 
 
 Ram, Battering: see Battering Ram. 
 
 Ram, Water: see Hydraulic Ram. 
 
 Rama [ra'-ma], ancient Hindoo sovereign, IX. 
 207, 1 a, 223, 1 b; II. 159, 1 c. Fort of, 
 XII. 741, 1 be. 
 
 Ramadan', Mohammedan month of fasting, 
 XIV. 194; XI. 698, 2 ab. 
 
 Ramage press, Franklin’s, XIII. 851, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Rdmdyana [ra-ma'-ya-na], poem, IX. 223, 1 b. 
 
 Ramazan: see Ramadan. 
 
 Rambae [ram-ba'-a]: see Cuenca, Ecuador. 
 
 RaMBaM: see Maimonides. 
 
 Rarnbla, promenade, II. 304, 1 a. 
 
 Rambouillet [ra ng -boo-ya], town of France, 
 XIV. 194. 
 
 Rambouillet, Catherine deVivonne, marchio¬ 
 ness de, XIV. 194. Hotel Rambouillet, 1 c. 
 
 Rambutan, fruit, X. 525, 1 c. 
 
 Ramchunder: see Rama (Index). 
 
 Rame'ans, followers of Ramus, XIV. 198, 2 a. 
 
 Rameau, Jean Philippe [ra-mo], French com¬ 
 poser, XIV. 194. 
 
 Ramee, Pierre de la [ra-ma]: see Ramus, Peter. 
 
 Ram'eses, name of Egyptian kings, XIV. 194; 
 
 VII. 29, 1 c (Exodus). 
 
 Ramesse'um: see Thebes, XV. 688, 1 a, and 
 X. 402, 1 a. 
 
 Ram'essids, Egyptian dynasty, XIV. 194, 2 be. 
 
 Rameswar': see Ramisseram. 
 
 Ramie [ra-me'J, plant, XIV. 194 (ill.). Ameri¬ 
 can, XII. 255, 1 a. 
 
 Ramiro I. [ra-me'-ro], first king of xiragon 
 (killed in battle, 1063), I. 629, 2 c. 
 
 Ram'illies, Belgium, battle of, XIV. 195. 
 
 Ramisseram', island off Ceylon, XIV. 195. 
 
 Ramists , followers of Ramus, XIV. 198, 2 a. 
 
 Rammelsberg [ram'-melce-bairg], mountain, 
 
 VIII. 492, 2 c. 
 
 Ram Mohun Roy, rajah, Hindoo scholar, XIV. 
 196; IX. 231, lb; VI. 298, 2 c. 
 
 Bamnenses, Roman patrician tribe, XIII. 167, 
 2 c; XIV. 419, 1 a. 
 
 Ramolino , Maria Letizia [ra-mo-le'-no], mother 
 of Napoleon I., III. 25, 1 a. 
 
 Ramoosee tribes, of Hindostan, IX. 215, 1 a. 
 
 Ramorino, Girolamo [ra-mo-re'-no], military 
 adventurer, XIV. 196. 
 
 Rampart, in a fortification, VII. 329, 2 a. 
 
 Ramphas’tidce (ornithology), XV. 819, 2 c. 
 
 Rampliastos (ornithology), XV. 820, 1 b. R. 
 toco, ib. R. tucanus, 1 be. 
 
 Ramrod , XII. 99, 1 b. Invention of iron ram¬ 
 rod, X. 357,1 c ; introduction of, I. 747, 2 b. 
 
 Rams, iron-clad, IX. 388, 2 be. Fitted out in 
 Liverpool for the Confederate States, X. 494, 
 1 ab. 
 
 Ramsay, Allan, Scottish poet, XIV. 196. Al¬ 
 lan, painter, 2 be. 
 
 Ramsay, Andrew Crombie, British geologist, 
 XIV. 196. 
 
 Ramsay, Andrew Michael (chevalier de Ram¬ 
 say), Scottish author, XIV. 197. 
 
 Ramsay, David, American historian, XIV. 197. 
 
 Ramsay, Edward Bannerman, Scottish author, 
 XIV. 197. 
 
 Ramsden, Jesse, English instrument maker, 
 XIV. 197. His graduating engine, VIII. 
 
RAMSES 
 
 RASTADT 
 
 635 
 
 137, 2 be. Ramsden’s plate electrical ma¬ 
 chine, VI. 505, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Ramses : see Rameses. Ramses table, 1.42,1 b. 
 
 Ramsey, two counties, XIV. 197. 
 
 Ramsgate, seaport of England, XIV. 198. 
 
 Ram's-head, plant, X. 91, 1 a. 
 
 Ramus, Joseph Marius [ra-mtis], French sculp¬ 
 tor, XIV. 198. 
 
 Ramus, Peter, French logician, XIV. 198. 
 
 Ramusio, Giambattista [ra-moo'-ze-o], Italian 
 author, XIV. 198. 
 
 Rana (zoology), VII. 503, 2 b (ill., 504). R. 
 pipiens, 505, 2 c (ill., 506) ; Horiconensis 
 (ill.), 506 ; fontinalis, 1 b (ill.) ; palustris, ib. 
 (ill.) ; halecina, 2 a (ill.); sylvatica, 2 c (ill.); 
 clamitans, 507, 1 a; temporaria, ib. ; escu- 
 lenta, 1 ab (ill.) 
 
 Rctnavalona , queen of Madagascar, X. 814,1 a. 
 
 Ranc£, Armand Jean le Bouthillier de [ra ng - 
 sa], monastic reformer, XIV. 198. 
 
 Rancogne [ra ng -kdny’], remarkable cavern, IV. 
 275, 1 ab. 
 
 Randolph, name of eight counties, XIV. 198. 
 
 Randolph, Edmund, American statesman, XIV. 
 199. 
 
 Randolph, John, of Roanoke, XIV. 200. His 
 opposition to Madison, X. 825, 1 be. 
 
 Randolph, Peyton, American patriot,XIV. 200. 
 
 Randolph Macon College, XIV. 200. 
 
 Ranee , Hindoo princess, IX. 211, 2 ab ; 639, 2 b. 
 
 Range , in gunnery, VIII. 326, 2 ab; of rifles, 
 XIV. 334, 1 b. In surveying, XV. 491, 2 b; 
 range line, ib. 
 
 Rangifer caribou (zoology), III. 787, 1 a (ill.). 
 R. Groenlandicus, 1 ab. R. tarandus, XIV. 
 265, lb. 
 
 Rangoon', capital of British Burmah, XIV. 201. 
 
 Ran'idee (zoology), VII. 503, 1 c; 507, 1 c. 
 
 Ranieri of Bieda [ra-nya'-re]: see Paschal II. 
 
 Ranke, Leopold von [ran'-kSh], German his¬ 
 torian, XIV. 201. Friedrich Heinrich, 2 b. 
 
 Rankin, county, XIV. 201. 
 
 Rankine, William John Macquorn [ran'-kin], 
 Scottish physicist, XIV. 201. 
 
 Ransom, eounty, XIV. 202. 
 
 Rantoul, Robert, jr. [ran-tool'j, American 
 statesman, XIV. 202. 
 
 Ranuncula'cece (botany), XIV. 202, 1 c. 
 
 Ranun'culus (botany), XIV. 202, 1 c, 2 ab 
 (ill.). R. bulbosus, acris, repens, and multi- 
 fidus (or R. Purshii), 2 c; aconitifolius, 203, 
 1 a; Asiaticus, 1 ab (ill.). 
 
 Ranzani, Camillo [ran-dza'-ne], Italian natural¬ 
 ist, XIV. 203. 
 
 Ranz des VAcnES [ra ng ss da vash], Swiss melo¬ 
 dies, XIV. 203. 
 
 Raoul-Rochette : see Rochette. 
 
 Rape, a crime, XIV. 203.' What constitutes 
 the offence, 2 c. Proof of, 204,1 c. Accesso¬ 
 ries before and after, 2 b. Penalty, 203, 2 c. 
 Rape, plant, XIV. 204 (ill.). Rape cake, 165,1 c. 
 Raphael, Italian painter, XIV. 205 ; XII. 799, 
 
 1 c. Frescoes of, XIV. 205, 2 c; VII. 484, 
 
 2 b. His cartoons, XIV. 206, 2 be. His 
 “Last Supper ” discovered, VII. 276, 2 b. 
 
 Raphael, the French, so styled, X. 373, 1 b. 
 Raphael of cats: see Mind, Gottfried. 
 Rapha'nus sati'mis (botany), XIV. 164, 2 b. R. 
 
 caudatus, 165, 1 c. R. raphanistrum, ib. 
 Rapidan', river of Virginia, XIV. 207. 
 Rapides [ra-peed'J, parish of Louisiana, XIV. 
 
 207. 
 
 Rapin, Paul de [ra-pa ng ], sieur de Thoyras, 
 French historian, XIV. 207. 
 
 Rapoport : see Rappaport. 
 
 Rapp, Georg, founder of the Harmonists, XIV. 
 
 208. 
 
 Rapp, Jean, French general, XIV. 208. 
 Rappahan'nock, river of Virginia, XIV. 208. 
 Rappahannock, county, XIV. 208. 
 Rap'paport, Solomon Judah, Jewish antiquary, 
 XIV. 208. 
 
 Rappee ', snuff, XV. 783, 2 c. 
 
 Raquette lake [ra-ket'j, (Racket), 1.121, 2 a, 1 c. 
 Raratonga : see Cook’s Islands. 
 
 Raritan, river of New Jersey, XIV. 208. 
 
 Ras, Ras-ennce, ancient Etrurians, VI. 764, 2 a. 
 Ras Aser : see Cape Guardafui. 
 
 Rascia, southern Servia, XIV. 208. Rascians, 
 209, 1 a. Rascian kingdom, 781, 2 c. 
 
 Rashi: see Solomon ben Isaac, XV. 158, 1 a. 
 Rask, Rasmus Christian, Danish philologist, 
 XIV. 209; V. 572, 1 c. 
 
 Raskolniks : see Russia, XIV. 209, and 485,1 c. 
 Rasies, Sebastien [ral]: see Rale. 
 
 Rasoherina [ra-so-ha-re'-na], heathen queen of 
 Madagascar, X. 814, 1 c. Rasoherina II., 
 Christian queen of, ib. 
 
 Raspail, Francois Vincent [ras-pay’J, French 
 naturalist and revolutionist, XIV. 209. (Died 
 1878.) 
 
 Raspberry [raz'-ber-e], fruit-bearing shrub, 
 XIV. 209 (ill.). Species and varieties, 2 b, 
 ff. See Bramble. 
 
 Rassarn', Hormuzd : see Abyssinia, I. 47, 2 a. 
 Rasse : see Civet, IV. 617, 2 b. 
 
 Rastadt [ra'-stat], town of Baden, XIV. 211. 
 Treaty of, referred to, VII. 384, 1 a. 
 
636 
 
 RAT 
 
 RAYMOND 
 
 Rat, XIY. 211. Brown or Norway rat, 1 c 
 (ill.). Black, 2 be (ill.). Roof or white- 
 bellied, 212, 1 a. Giant rat of Bengal, 1 ab. 
 Florida or wood rat, 2 b (ill.). Cotton rat, 
 213, 1 ab (ill.). 
 
 Rates, ancient town: see Leicester. 
 
 Ratazzi : see Rattazzi. 
 
 Rath Jatra, festival of Juggernaut, IX. 706, 2 a. 
 
 Raths , antiquities of Ireland, IX. 355, 1 a. 
 
 Ratibok, town of Prussia, XIY. 213. 
 
 Rationalism , in theology, XV. 695,1 c. Found¬ 
 ers of in Germany, I. 426, 2 ab. Supernat¬ 
 ural rationalism, 2 be. 
 
 Ratios , in mineralogy, XI. 583, 1 c; percent¬ 
 age, ib. ; atomic, ib. ; oxygen, 2 ab. 
 
 Ratio studiorum , for the order of Jesuits, I. 
 72, 2 a (Acquaviva). 
 
 Ratisbon, city of Bavaria, XIY. 213. 
 
 Ratlines [rat'-linz], of a ship’s rigging, XIY. 
 865, 1 b. 
 
 Raton mountains [ra-toan'],V.100, 2 a; 101, 2 a. 
 
 Rattan : see Palm, XIII. 18, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Rattazzi, Urbano [rat-tat'-se], Italian states¬ 
 man, XIY. 214. Marie Studolmine, French 
 writer, 1 c. 
 
 Rattel, animal, II. 212, 1 c. 
 
 “Rattening ,” of English trades unions, XIY. 
 227, 1 be. 
 
 Rattlesnake, XIY. 214. Head, 2 a (ill.). 
 Rattle, 2 c (ill.). Banded, 215, 1 c (ill.). 
 Diamond or water rattlesnake, 2 be; ground, 
 216, 1 ab; prairie, 1 b. Its poison, 1 be. 
 
 Rattoon, shoot of the sugar cane, XY. 445, 
 2 b. Rattoon crop, ib. 
 
 Rauch, Christian Daniel [row k h], German 
 sculptor, XIY. 216. 
 
 Rauch, Friedrich August, German philosopher, 
 XIV. 216. 
 
 Raudian fields, XVI. 309, 1 a. Battle of the, 
 IY. 583, 1 ab. 
 
 Rauhes Haus [row'-ess house], VIII. 411, 1 ab. 
 See Wichern. 
 
 Raumer, Friedrich Ludwig Georg von [row'- 
 mer], German historian, XIY. 217. Karl 
 Georg von, geographer, 1 c. Rudolf von, 
 philologist, 2 ab. 
 
 Rauscher, Joseph Othmar von [row'-sher], 
 Austrian cardinal, XIV. 217. (Died 1875.) 
 
 Ravacioni [ra-va-cho'-ne], marble, IY. 24, 2 c. 
 
 Ravaillac, Frangois [ra-va-y&k], assassin of 
 Henry IY., XIY. 217. 
 
 Ravee', river of India, XIY. 218. 
 
 Ravel: see Weaving, XYI. 523, 1 c. 
 
 Raven, bird, XIY. 218. American, 1 c ; Col¬ 
 
 orado, 2 c; white-necked, ib. ; European, 
 ib. (ill., 219). Age of, I. 182, 2 b. 
 
 Ravenala [ra-va-na'-la], plant, X. 810, 1 b. 
 
 Ravenala Madagascariensis (botany), XIII. 
 547, 1 c (synonyme, urania speciosa , X. 
 810, 1 b). 
 
 Ravendites , Moslem sect, I. 342, 2 c. 
 
 Ravenna, province of Italy, XIY. 219. Capi¬ 
 tal city, 2 ab. Council of, VIII. 800, 2 c. 
 
 Ravenna , county seat, XIII. 722, 1 a. 
 
 Ravensburg fiax manufactory [ra'-fence-poorg], 
 II. 628, 1 a. 
 
 Ravenswood , Long Island, X. 626, 2 c. 
 
 Ravensworth castle , IY. 390, 1 c. 
 
 Ravignan, Gustave Xavier Delacroix de [ra- 
 ve-nya" B ], French preacher, XIY. 220. 
 
 Rawdon, Lord: see Hastings, Francis Raw- 
 don Hastings. 
 
 Rawle, William, American lawyer, XIY. 220. 
 
 Rawling's Springs, county seat, III. 771, 1 b. 
 
 Rawlins, county, XIY. 220. 
 
 Rawlinson, Sir Henry Creswicke, English 
 archaeologist, XIY. 220; Y. 573, 2 a (Cunei¬ 
 form Inscriptions) ; X. 23, 1 c. George, 
 historian and orientalist, XIY. 220, 2 c. 
 
 Ray, class of fishes, XIV. 221. Anatomical 
 description, 1 ab. Smooth ray (common 
 skate of America), 222, 1 b (ill.). Sharp¬ 
 nosed, 2 ab. Common skate or ray, ib. 
 American whip sting ray, 2 b (ill.). Euro¬ 
 pean sting ray, 223,1 a. Eagle rays, 1 ab, b. 
 
 Ray, county, XIY. 223. 
 
 Ray, Isaac, American physician, XIY. 223. 
 
 Ray, John, English naturalist, XIY. 223. Ilis 
 classification of insects, YI. 659, 1 a; of rep¬ 
 tiles, VIII. 692, 2 a. First attempt at a 
 natural classification of fishes, IX. 159, 1 b. 
 Classification of mammals, XL 79, 2 c. 
 Botanical system, III. 133, 1 c. Ray so¬ 
 ciety, XIY. 224, 1 a. 
 
 Ray, solar, X. 435, 2 ab. Actinic and calo¬ 
 rific rays, 440, 1 ab. Dispersion of, internal 
 or epipolic, VII. 289, 2 c; 290, 1 a. Chem¬ 
 ical : see Actinism, and Photography, XIII. 
 468, 2 b ; deoxidizing, ib.; violet, 472, 1 a ; 
 tithonic, ib.; actinic, ib. Invisible rays of 
 the solar spectrum, XY. 245, 2 a. 
 
 Rayahs, native Christian or Jewish population 
 of Turkey, XYI. 58, 1 c; XII. 172, 1 a. 
 
 Rayer, Pierre Frangois Olive [ra-ya], French 
 physician, XIY. 224. 
 
 Raymond, abbot of Fitero, III. 567, 1 b. 
 
 Raymond, Henry Jarvis, American journalist, 
 XIY. 224. 
 
RAYMOND 
 
 RED 
 
 637 
 
 Raymond, Rossiter Worthington, mining en¬ 
 gineer, XIV. 224. 
 
 Raymond Lully: see Lully, Raymond. 
 
 Raymond de Pennafort : see Pennafort. 
 
 Raymond VI., of Toulouse: see Albigenses. 
 
 Raynal, Guillaume Thomas Francois, French 
 historian, XIV. 224. 
 
 Raynouard, Francois Juste Marie [ra-nwar], 
 French author, XIV. 225. 
 
 Rayo'vitch , Servian conspirator, I. 288, 2 a. 
 
 Ray mile , county seat, XIV. 319, 1 a. 
 
 Razilly, Isaac and Claude de [ra-ze-ye], pro¬ 
 prietors of Acadia, II. 118, 2 a. 
 
 Razorback (whale), XIV. 429, 2 a. 
 
 Razor Fisn, XIV. 225 (ill.). 
 
 Razor Shell, XIV. 225. Common, 2 ah (ill.). 
 
 Razumovsky, Count, attaman (hetman) of the 
 Cossacks, II. 93, lb; IV. Ill, 2 a. 
 
 Razzi, Giovanni Antonio [rat'-se], Italian 
 painter, XIV. 225. 
 
 Re [ra], island of France, XIV. 226. 
 
 Reach, Angus Bethune, English author, XIV. 
 226. 
 
 Read, George, a signer of the Declaration of 
 Independence, XIV. 226. 
 
 Read, Nathan, American inventor, XIV. 226. 
 
 Read, Thomas Buchanan, American artist and 
 poet, XIV. 226. 
 
 Reade, Charles, English novelist, XIV. 226. 
 William Winwood, traveller, 227, 1 c. 
 
 Reading [red'-ing], city of Pennsylvania, XIV. 
 227. 
 
 Reading, borough of England, XIV. 228. 
 
 Real [ra-aF], Spanish coin, XV. 209, 1 a. 
 
 Real, things: see Realty, XIV. 228, 2 a. 
 
 Real estate, VI. 737, 1 c. Title to, by pur¬ 
 chase and by descent, VIII. 616, 2 c. Evi¬ 
 dence of title, XIV. 232, 2 c. 
 
 Realism , and realists: see Philosophy, XIII. 
 439, 2 a, and Aristotle, I. 707, 1 b. 
 
 Realty, in law, XIV. 228. 
 
 Reaping hook , XIV. 725, 1 c. 
 
 Reaping Machines : see Mowing and Reap¬ 
 ing Machines. 
 
 Reate [re-a'-te], ancient Sabine town (now 
 Rieti), XVI. 269, 2 b; 270, 1 ab. 
 
 Reati'nus , a surname of M.Varro, XVI. 270,1 ab. 
 
 Reaumur, Ren6 Antoine Ferchault de [ra-o- 
 miir], French natural philosopher, XIV. 229. 
 Reaumur’s porcelain, 1 b; IV. 180, 2 be 
 (Cementation). Reaumur’s thermometer, 
 XIV. 229, 1 b; XV. 699, 1 ab. His classi¬ 
 fication of insects, VI. 659, 1 b. 
 
 Reba , quarter shekel, XIV. 841, 2 a. 
 
 Rebate, on merchandise, V. 133, 1 c. 
 
 Rebec , musical instrument, XVI. 366, 2 c. 
 Rebek'ah : see Isaac, and Jacob. 
 
 Rebekah, degree of: see Odd Fellows, XII. 
 578, 2 c. 
 
 Rebolledo, Bernardino, count de [ra-bo-lya'- 
 ZAo], Spanish author, XIV. 229. 
 
 Rebutter , in pleading, XIII. 607, 2 c. 
 
 Recado [ra-ka'-do], saddle, X. 181, 2 a. 
 Recamier, Jeanne Frangoise Julie Adelaide 
 [ra-ka-mya], French leader of society, XIV. 
 229; IV. 334, 1 a; XV. 300, 1 a, b. 
 Receptac'ulum chy’li (anatomy), XIII. 223,1 a; 
 IV. 570, 1 c. 
 
 Recess of Holding, code of laws, VI. 13, 2 a. 
 Recife [ra-se'-fa], city of Brazil, XIV. 230. 
 Reciprocity treaty, with Canada, XIII. 502, 
 2 b. Termination of, X. 497, 2 c. 
 Recitative [res-e-ta-teev'], musical recitation, 
 XIV. 230; XII. 90, 1 a. 
 
 Recke, Eliza von der [fon der rek'-eh], III. 549, 
 2 a (Cagliostro). 
 
 Reolus, Jean Jacques Elis6e [ruk-klu], French 
 geographer, XIV. 230. 
 
 Recognitor, species of juryman, V. 430, 2 b. 
 Recog'nizance, in law, XIV. 230. 
 
 Recollects : see Franciscans, VII. 426, 1 b. 
 Reconnaissance [re-kon'-nis-sance], in hydrog¬ 
 raphy, IX. 113, 2 a. 
 
 Record, of a court of justice, XIV. 231; XIII. 
 607, 1 ab. Evidence of title to real estate, 
 XIV. 232, 2 c. 
 
 Recorde, Robert, English mathematician, XIV. 
 233 ; I. 302, 1 a. 
 
 Recorder, musical instrument, XIV. 233. 
 Recorder, magistrate, in London, X. 594, 1 a. 
 
 In New York, IX. 795,1 ab; XII. 393,1 be, c. 
 Recovery , in law, XI. 853, 2 b. 
 
 Rectifcator , of a still, VI. 143, 2 a ; 144, 1 a. 
 Recto-vesical operation , for the stone, XV. 399, 
 1 a, ab. 
 
 Rectorship, in Scotch universities, XVI. 211,2 c. 
 Rectum (anatomy), IX. 323, 2 c. 
 
 Recu'sant, ecclesiastical offender, XIV. 233. 
 Recurvirostra (ornithology), II. 163, 2 a. R. 
 Americana, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Red : see Light, X. 440,1 b, and Paints, XII, 
 805, 1 c. 
 
 Redan', in fortification, VII. 335, 1 be. 
 
 Red Bird : see Cardinal Bird. 
 
 Red Bluff, county seat, XV. 607, 2 b. 
 Redbreast : see Robin. 
 
 Red crag, in geology, XIII. 613, 2 c. 
 
 Red deer (wapiti), XVI. 447, 1 a. 
 
638 
 
 BED 
 
 REFORMED 
 
 Red Deer river (Mackenzie), X. 791, 1 c. 
 Redding, Cyrus, English journalist and author, 
 XIV. 234. 
 
 Beddle (red chalk), IV. 232, 1 c. 
 
 “ Redeemed captive, the ,” XVI. 638, 2 ab. 
 Redemption, Equity of: see Mortgage, XI. 
 851, 1 be. 
 
 Redemption of captives, religious order for, VII. 
 115, 2 b. 
 
 Redemptorists, society of, XIV. 234; XI. 731, 
 
 1 c. College of the, I. 360, 2 c. 
 
 Redfield, Isaac Fletcher, American jurist, 
 
 XIV. 235. 
 
 Redfield, William C., meteorologist, XIV. 
 
 235. His theory of hurricanes, IX. 80, 2 be. 
 Red-fin : see Dace, V. 628, 2 c (red dace). 
 Redgrave, Richard, English painter, XIV. 
 235. Samuel, 2 ab. 
 
 Red-head , duck, VI. 290, 1 a; III. 732, 2 c, 
 733, 1 b, 2 ab. 
 
 Redi, Francesco [ra'-de], Italian naturalist, XIV. 
 235. On spontaneous generation, VI. 560, 
 
 2 a; XV. 283, 1 a. 
 
 Red Jacket, Indian chief, XIV. 235. 
 
 Red liquor, acetate of aluminum, I. 369, 1 ab; 
 
 in soda manufacture, XV. 149, 2 be. 
 Redoubt, in fortification, VII. 335, 1 c. 
 Redoute, Pierre Joseph [ruh-doo-ta], French 
 painter, XIV. 236. 
 
 Redpoll: see Linnet, X. 512, 2 a. 
 
 Red reed buck: see Antelope, I. 545, 2 a (ill.). 
 Red River, Mississippi tributary, XIV. 236. 
 Red River, two counties, XIV. 237. 
 
 Red River of the North, XIV. 237. 
 
 Red River settlement, XI. 114,1 c (Manitoba). 
 Red-root, plants, II. 738, 2 be; XII. 312, 1 a; 
 XVI. 587, 2 a. 
 
 Red Russia, division of Galicia, VII. 565,1 be. 
 Reds, the, disease, XV. 45, 1 a. 
 
 Red Sea, XIV. 238. Origin of the name, 239, 
 1 c ; I. 299, lb: see Erythraean Sea. 
 Redshid Pasha : see Reshid Pasha. 
 
 Red short, of metals, IX. 371, 2 ab ; XV. 356, 2 b. 
 Redstart, bird, XIV. 239. American, 2 c 
 (ill., 240); VII. 296, 1 c. European, XIV. 
 240, 1 c. 
 
 Red-top, grass, VIII. 167, 2 c (ill.). False red- 
 top, 168, 1 be. 
 
 Reducing agents, in dyeing, VI. 341, 2 a. 
 
 Red Willow, county, XIV. 240. 
 
 Red Wing, county seat, VIII. 101, 2 c. 
 Redwood: see SandalWood, XIV. 597, 1 c 
 (red sandal wood); Sequoia, 771, 2 c (ill., 
 772); and III. 606, 1 be. 
 
 Redwood, county, XIV. 240. 
 
 Redwood City, county seat, XIV. 609, 1 c. 
 Redwood Falls, county seat, XIV. 240, 2 b. 
 Reed, a grass, XIV. 240. 
 
 Reed, of a loom, XVI. 523, 2 ab. 
 
 Reed, Andrew, English clergyman, XIV. 241. 
 
 Charles and Andrew, 2 a. 
 
 Reed, Henry, American author, XIV. 241. 
 Reed, Joseph, American patriot, XIV. 241. 
 Reed Bird : see Bobolink. 
 
 Reeder, Andrew H. (1808-’64), governor of 
 Kansas, IX. 753, 2 b. 
 
 Reed Instruments, XIV. 242. Art of voicing 
 reeds, 2 b. 
 
 Reedmace, plant, XVI. 97, 1 a. 
 
 Reedsville, county seat, XV. 583, 1 b. 
 
 Reef, in gold mines, VIII. 76, 1 c. 
 
 Reef points, in sails, XIV. 866, 1 a. 
 
 Rees : see Rickarees. 
 
 Rees, Abraham [reece], British scholar, XIV. 
 
 244. Rees’s Cyclopaedia, V. 608, 1 c. 
 
 Reese river, Nevada, XII. 264, 1 a ; X. 138, 2 c. 
 Reeve : see Ruff, XIV. 464, 2 b. 
 
 Reeves, Sims, English singer, XIV. 244. 
 Reference: see Arbitration, I. 635, 2 b. 
 Referendum, in the Bernese constitution, II. 
 570, 1 c. 
 
 Reflection, in catoptrics, X. 438,1 c; angle of, 
 2 a; XII. 654, 2 a (ills.). Angle of total re¬ 
 flection, in dioptrics, I. 496, 2 b (ill., 497). 
 Reflectors, use of, in lighthouses, X. 455, 2 ab; 
 VII. 486, 2 a. 
 
 Reform bill, in England, of 1831 and 1832, 
 XIII. 115, 2 ab; of 1867-’8, 116, 1 b. 
 Reformation, Protestant, XIV. 244. Princi¬ 
 ples of, 2 ab. In Germany, 245, 2 ab ; Switz¬ 
 erland, 246, 2 ab; France, 247, 2 a; Neth¬ 
 erlands, 248, 1 be; Hungary, 2 ab; Poland, 
 2 be; Scandinavia, 249,1 a; England, 1 be; 
 Scotland, 250, 1 c. 
 
 Reformatories, XIV. 251. 
 
 Reformed, the (Franciscans), VII. 426, 1 b. 
 Reformed Church, XIV. 252. Distinctive 
 principles, 2 a. History, 253,1 a. In France, 
 
 1 ab; IX. 38, 1 b. Theology, XIV. 253, 
 
 2 ab. Divisions, 254, 2 a. Polity, 2 ab. 
 Reformed church, Associate, XIII. 813, 1 c; 
 
 815, 1 b (Presbyterianism). 
 
 Reformed (Dutch) Church in America, XIV. 
 254. Origin, 2 b. Introduction into Amer¬ 
 ica,255, 1 c. “TrueReformed Dutch church,” 
 256, 2 c. Doctrinal standards, 257,1 a. Gov¬ 
 ernment, 2 c. 
 
 Reformed Protestant Dutch church, XIV. 254,2 b. 
 
REFORMED 
 
 REID 
 
 639 
 
 Reformed Ciiurcii in the United States, 
 XIV. 258. 
 
 Refraction, in dioptrics, X. 438, 1 c, ff. Angle 
 of, XII. 657, 2 a (ills.). Index or coefficient 
 of, 658, 1 b; X. 438, 1 c. Laws of, demon¬ 
 strated by Fresnel, VII. 484, 1 b. 
 Refrigeration : see Freezing, Artificial. 
 Refrigerator, XIV. 260. 
 
 Refuge, for reformed female criminals, XIV. 
 13, 1 be. 
 
 Refuge , cities of, VIII. 584, 2 be (Hebrews). 
 Refugio, county, XIV. 260. 
 
 Refugio, county seat, XIV. 260, 2 c. 
 
 Rega, signor [ra'-ga], gem engraver, VII. 664,1 a. 
 Rega’le, the, royal privilege, IX. 289, 1 be. 
 Regatta: see Rowing, and Yacht. 
 Regelation : see Ice, IX. 146, 2 c. 
 
 Regency, of the prince of Wales, VII. 709, 1 c, 
 710,1 a. Of the duke of Orleans, 384,1 ab; 
 XII. 700, 1 a. 
 
 Regensburg [ra'-ghence-poorg]: see Ratisbon. 
 Regenstein [ra'-ghen-stine], ruined castle of, 
 near Blankenburg, II. 695, 2 b. 
 
 Regents, of Oxford university, XII. 762, 1 b. 
 Of the university of the state of New York, 
 369, 1 ab. 
 
 Regent street , London, X. 595, 2 c. 
 
 Regent's parlc, London, X. 597, 1 ab; 619, 
 2 be; XIII. 103, 1 ab. 
 
 Reggio [red'-jo], province of Italy, XIV. 260. 
 
 Capital city, 261, 1 a. 
 
 Reggio, duke of: see Oudinot. 
 
 Reggio di Calabria [de ka-la'-bre-a], province 
 of Italy, XIV. 261. Capital city, 1 b. 
 Regillus, Lake, XIV. 261. Battle of, 2 b. 
 Regiment, XIV. 261; I. 752, 1 be, c, 2 a, b. 
 See Cavalry, IV. 150, 1 b; Infantry, IX. 
 270, 1 b. 
 
 Regi’num, ancient town : see Ratisbon. 
 
 Regio Syrtica, Roman province, XV. 872, 2 be. 
 Regio Troglodytica, XV. 876, 2 c. 
 Regiomontanus, German mathematician, XIV. 
 261. His automaton eagle and iron fly, II. 
 155, 1 b. 
 
 Regis, Jean Baptiste de [ra-zheece], French 
 geographer, XIV. 262. 
 
 Register, principal, of an organ, XII. 74, 2 ab. 
 Register of wills, XVI. 627, 1 c. 
 
 Regium donum, dissenters’ endowments in Ire¬ 
 land, IX. 361, 2 b; VII. 704, 1 ab; XIII. 
 812, 1 ab. 
 
 Regium Lepidi, ancient city, XIV. 261, 1 a. 
 Regius professorships, at Oxford, XII. 762, 2 c. 
 Regia [ra'-gla], town of Cuba, VIII. 520, 1 be. 
 
 Reglet, in printing, XVI. 93, 2 a. 
 
 Regnard, Jean Frangois [ruh-nar], French 
 dramatist, XIV. 262. 
 
 Regnault, Llias Georges Soulange Oliva [riih- 
 no], historian, XIV. 262. 
 
 Regnault, Henri Victor, physicist, XIV. 262. 
 His hygrometric experiments referred to, 
 IX. 132, 2 ab. His dew-point instrument, 
 2 c. His table of specific heat of solids, 
 VIII. 575, 1 c. Method of finding specific 
 heat of liquids, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Regnault, Jean Baptiste, baron, painter, XIV. 
 263. 
 
 Regnier, Mathurin [ruh-nya], poet, XIV. 263. 
 Regnitzhof: see Hof. 
 
 Regnum (tiara), XV. 733, 2 c. 
 
 Regnum Cumbren'se, early Scottish kingdom, 
 XIV. 704, 1 b. . 
 
 Reguardant, in heraldry, VIII. 673, 1 b. 
 Regula, in the Doric order, I. 656, 2 be. 
 Regular canons, orders of, XIV. 266, 1 c. 
 Regular clerks, orders of, XIV. 266, 1 c. 
 Regular Clerks of St. Paul : see Barna- 
 
 BITES. 
 
 “ Regulator s,” political party, IX. 89, 2 c. 
 Regillus, of antimony, I. 565, 1; of copper, V. 
 325, 2 b. 
 
 Regulus, Marcus Atilius, Roman general, 
 XIV. 263. 
 
 Regulus cristatus (ornithology), X. 5, 1 b (ill.). 
 R. calendula, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Reich, Prof. [rPh], (Ferdinand, born 1799), 
 experiments of, to prove the earth’s density, 
 
 VI. 358, 1 b; to prove its rotation, 359, 1 be. 
 Reichenbach, countess of mistress of William 
 
 II. of Hesse-Cassel, VIII. 707, 2 a. 
 Reichenbach, Heinrich Gottlieb Ludwig [ri'- 
 c hen-ba k h], German naturalist, XIV. 263. 
 Anton Benedict and Heinrich Gustav, 2 b. 
 Reichenbach, Karl, baron, naturalist, XIV. 
 263. His discovery of creosote, III. 768, 
 1 b ; controversy respecting its identity with 
 carbolic acid, 1 be. On the properties of 
 oily fluids, IX. 811, 2 be. 
 
 Reichenberg [-bairg], Bohemia, XIV. 264. 
 Reichsland , German [rl c hs'-lant]: see Alsace- 
 Lorraine. 
 
 REicnsTADT, Duke of [rfh'-stat]: see Bona¬ 
 parte, III. 48, 1 b. 
 
 Reichstag [ri c hs'-ta k h], German parliament, 
 
 VII. 750, 1 b, c. First German Reichstag, 
 760, 1 c : see Diet. North German Reichs¬ 
 tag, 758, 2 c; 759, 2 a; 760, 1 a, be. 
 
 Reid, Mayne, British novelist, XI V. 264. 
 
640 
 
 REID 
 
 REN SSEL AERITE 
 
 Reid, Thomas, Scottish metaphysician, XIY. 
 264; XIII. 441, 2 be. 
 
 Reid, Sir William, British meteorologist, XIY. 
 264. His theory of hurricanes, IX. 80, 2 c. 
 
 Reigate [rl'-gate], town of England, XIY. 264. 
 
 Reign of terror , in France, YII. 389, 1 c; 
 XIY. 359, 1 b. 
 
 Reil, Johann Christian [rile], German anato¬ 
 mist, XIV. 264. “ Island of Reil,'” in anat¬ 
 
 omy, 265, 1 a. 
 
 Reimarus, Hermann Samuel [rl-ma'-roos], 
 scholar, XIY. 265. Referred to, XI. 812, 2 c. 
 
 Reims : see Rheims. 
 
 Reimthursen [rime'-toor-zen], in northern my¬ 
 thology, XII. 119, 2 b. 
 
 Reindeer [rain'-deer], XIY. 265. See Caribou. 
 
 Reindeer lichen , X. 410, 2 c. 
 
 Reinhold, Karl Leonhard [rine'-holt], German 
 philosopher, XIY. 265. Referred to, XIII. 
 442, 1 a. 
 
 Reinkens, Joseph Hubert [rine'-kence], theo¬ 
 logian, XIY. 265. 
 
 Reinstein: see Regenstein (Index). 
 
 Reis , Philip , XV. 622,* 2 a. 
 
 Reiske, Johann Jakob [rice'-keh], XIY. 266. 
 
 Reissig [ri'-si'h], experiments of in wood gas, 
 VII. 639, 1 c. 
 
 Reissiger, Karl Gottlieb [rl'-se-gher], com¬ 
 poser, XIY. 266. 
 
 Reithrodon [ri'-thro-don], (zoology), XII. 14, 
 2 c. R. humilis, 15, 1 a. 
 
 Rejangs , Asiatic race, II. 516, 1 b. 
 
 Rejoinder , in pleading, XIII. 607, 2 c. 
 
 Relator , in law, YII. 26, 1 ab ; IX. 278, 2 a; 
 XI. 98, 1 a. 
 
 Relay House , origin of the name, XIY. 172, 2 b. 
 
 Relay magnet , for telegraph, XY. 612, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Release and discharge , in law, XIY. 156, 2 a. 
 
 Relieved: see Lake Dwellings, X. Ill, 1 c. 
 
 Relief in sculpture, XIY. 715, 1 c. 
 
 Relief the , in fortification, YII. 329, 1 c. 
 
 Relief church, Scottish, referred to, YI. 139, 2 c. 
 
 Relief secession : see Presbyterianism, XIII. 
 811, 1 c. 
 
 Religious Orders, XIY. 266. See Mona- 
 ciiism, Deaconesses, and Dunkers, VI. 316, 
 2 c. 
 
 Reliquiae Sacrce Carolines , IY. 281, 2 a. 
 
 Remainder, in law, XIV. 267. See Estate, 
 YI. 738, 2 ab. Contingent remainder, 2 be. 
 
 Rembrandt yan Ryn, Paul Harmens, Dutch 
 painter, XIY. 268. Etchings of, YI. 652,1 b. 
 
 Rembrandt of architecture , Piranesi so called, 
 XIII. 539, 2 b. 
 
 Remi: see Remy. 
 
 Remigius : see Remy. 
 
 Rem'ington, E., and sons: see Ilion. Reming¬ 
 ton pistol, XIII. 545, 2 b (ill.); rifle, XIY. 
 332, 2 ab (ill.). 
 
 Remond [ra-mo ng ], assumed name, III. 442, 1 b. 
 
 Remonstrants (Arminians), I. 728, 1 c; XII. 
 248, 1 b-c; XIY. 255, 1 a. 
 
 Rem'ora : see Sucking Fish, XY. 437, 1 ab. 
 
 Remorino : see Ramorino. 
 
 Removal of the deposits , in U. S. history, IX. 
 492, 2 c,493,1 a; XV.565,lab; XVI. 167,lo. 
 
 Remscheid [rem'-shite], city of Prussia, XIY. 
 268. 
 
 Remus : see Romulus. 
 
 Remusat, Claire Elisabeth Jeanne Gravion de 
 Yergennes, countess de [ra-mu-z&], French 
 authoress, XIY. 269. Charles Francois Marie 
 de, count, author and statesman, 1 b. 
 
 Remusat, Jean Pierre Abel,orientalist,XI Y.269. 
 
 Remy, Saint [Fr. ruh-me], apostle of the Franks, 
 XIY. 269. 
 
 Renaissance [Fr. ruh-na-sa ng s], in architec¬ 
 ture, XIY. 269; I. 664, 2 b, c. In literature, 
 painting, and sculpture, XIY. 269, 2 b. 
 
 Renan, Joseph Ernest [ruh-na ne ], French phi¬ 
 lologist, XIY. 269. 
 
 Renaud [ruh-no], legendary knight: see Aimon. 
 
 Renault [ruh-no], referred to, X. 253,2 a (Lead). 
 
 Rendel, James Meadows, English engineer, 
 XIY. 270. 
 
 Rendering , of lard, X. 169, 1 b. 
 
 Rendsburg [rents'-poorg], town of Schleswig- 
 Holstein, XIY. 270. 
 
 Ren£ I. [ruh-na], the Good, titular king of Na¬ 
 ples, XIY. 270; I. 297, 1 a. 
 
 Renealmia cardamomum (botany), III. 777, 1 c 
 (ill.). 
 
 Renfrew, county of Canada, XIY. 270. 
 
 Renfrewshire, county of Scotland, XIY. 270. 
 
 Reni, Guido : see Guido Reni. 
 
 Rennell, James, English geographer, XIY. 
 271. Rennell’s current, II. 73, 2 a ; 662,1 c. 
 
 Rennes [ren], town of France, XIV. 271. 
 
 Rennet : see Cheese, IY. 349, 1 b. Rennet 
 wine, XIII. 281, 2 b. 
 
 Rennie, John, British engineer, XIY. 271. 
 
 Reno, county, XIY. 271. 
 
 Reno, county seat, XYI. 492, 2 b. 
 
 Renouard, Antoine Augustin [ruh-nwar], 
 French bibliographer, XIY. 271. 
 
 Rensselaer [ren'-se-ler], county, XIY. 271. 
 
 Rensselaer , county seat, IX. 571, 1 c. 
 
 Rensselaerite, mineral, XY. 555, 1 b. 
 
RENT 
 
 RETIEF 
 
 641 
 
 Rent, theory of: see Political Economy, XIII. 
 671, 2 b. 
 
 Rentes [ra ng t], French stocks, XV. 387, 2 c. 
 Renville, two counties, XIV. 271. 
 
 Renwick, James, American physicist, XIV. 
 
 272. James, architect, 1 b. 
 
 Repartimientos [ra-par-te-me-ain'-toce], system 
 of, XV. 96, 1 ab (Slavery). 
 
 Repeal, in Ireland, IX. 359,2 b, c; XII. 575,1 be. 
 Rephaim [ref'-a-im], ancient race, XV. 546, 
 2 ab; II. 360, 1 a; VIII. 816, 2 b. 
 Replev'in, in law, XIV. 272; VII. 26, 1 be. 
 Replication, in pleading, XIII. 607, 2 c; II. 
 640, 1 ab. 
 
 Reporters, ancient, for daily journals : see Acta 
 Diurna, I. 73, 2 c. 
 
 Reporting parliamentary debates, right of, VII. 
 707, 2 b. 
 
 Representative government, earliest in Europe, 
 I. 630, 1 a. 
 
 Reprisals, law of, X. 226, 2 b. 
 
 Reptiles [rep'-tilz], XIV. 273. Structure of, 
 274, 1 c. Fossil reptiles, 275, 2 be. Ana¬ 
 tomical peculiarities of: see Comparative 
 Anatomy. Eye of, V. 179, 2 b; VII. 47, 
 2 ab, c. Classification of: see Herpetology. 
 Difference between reptiles and amphibians, 
 VIII. 695, 2 a; XIV. 273, 2 be. 
 
 Reptiles , in heraldry, VIII. 673,2 a. (See plate.) 
 Repton, Humphry, English landscape gardener, 
 XIV. 276. 
 
 Republic, county, XIV. 276. 
 
 “ Republican marriage ,” a mode of execution : 
 
 see Carrier, IV. 27, 1 b. 
 
 “ Republican Methodists see Christians, IV. 
 545, 1 b. 
 
 Republican party: see Republicans (Index). 
 Republican River : see Kansas, IX. 747,2 b, c. 
 Republicans , early American party, VII. 108, 
 
 1 a; XVI. 161, 2a; I. 90, 2 c ; IX. 592, 2 c, 
 595, 2 c. Modern, XVI. 172, 1 ab, ff.; XV. 
 100, 1 c. 
 
 Requa rife battery, I. 796, 2 c. 
 
 Requesens [ra-ka-sence'], (Don Luis de Zuniga 
 y, 1522—’76), governor of the Netherlands, 
 XII. 247, 2 b. 
 
 Resaca de la Palma [ra-sa'-ka da la pal'-ma], 
 Texas, battle of, XIV. 276; XV. 596, 2 a. 
 Rescripta, in Roman law, IV. 621, 1 a. 
 
 Rese'da (botany), XI. 529, 1 c. R. odorata, 
 
 2 ab (ill.). R. alba, 2 c. R. luteola, ib. ; 
 XVI. 546, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Reservations, Indian , I. 406, 1 be. 
 
 Reservoir [rez-er-vwor']: see Water Works. 
 41 
 
 Croton reservoirs, I. 614, 1 ab, 2 b; 615,1 a. 
 Mill river reservoir, bursting of, VIII. 430, 
 2 ab. 
 
 “ Reservoir of Pecquet ,” in 1 anatomy, XIII. 
 223, 1 a. 
 
 Res gestce [reez jes'-te], in law, VII. 6, 1 be. 
 
 Res judicata, 7, 2 b. 
 
 Reshd: see Resht. 
 
 Resh gelutha, Hebrew title, VIII. 595, 2 a. 
 Reshid Pasha, Mustaplia Mehemed [reli-skeed' 
 pa-ska/], Turkish statesman, XIV. 276. 
 Resht, city of Persia, XIV. 276. 
 
 Residence, legal , XII. 166, 1 ab. See Denizen. 
 Resident , VI. 9, 2 be (Denizen). See Natu¬ 
 ralization. 
 
 Residues , in chemistry, Gerhardt’s theory of, 
 XVI. 95, 1 b. 
 
 Residuum, of distilled petroleum, XIII. 371, 2 c. 
 Resilience, of materials under strain, XV. 417, 
 2 b. 
 
 Resina [ra-ze'-na], town of Italy, XIV. 276. 
 Res'ins, of plants, XIV. 277. 
 
 Resist style , of calico printing, III. 597, 1 c. 
 Resistance to current, in galvanism, VII. 593, 
 
 1 c; internal or essential, 2 ab;'external or 
 non-essential, 2 b. 
 
 “ Resolutions of 98-’9,” IX. 594,1 c; X. 824, 2 c. 
 Resonator, XV. 178, 1 c (ills.); VIII. 623, 2 c. 
 Respa: see Molfetta. 
 
 Respiration, XIV. 277. In animals, 2 c; XII. 
 771, 1 a. In hibernation, VIII. 712, 2 b. 
 Of plants, II. 84, 2 a; XII. 771, 1 b; XIV. 
 277, 2 c. 
 
 Respondentia bond, in maritime law, XIV. 870, 
 
 2 ab; III. 146, 1 a. 
 
 Responsaprudentum, in Roman law, IV. 618,2 a. 
 Responsibility, criminal, age of, I. 181, 1 c. 
 Responsions, at Oxford, XII. 766, 1 b. 
 
 Res privata principis: see Fisc, VII. 215, 2 c. 
 Restigouche [res-te-gooslF], county, XIV. 278. 
 Restigouche, river of Canada, XIV. 278. 
 Restitution of a solid, coefficient of, VI. 490,1 c. 
 Restraining act, of parliament, IX. 581, 1 a. 
 Resurrection plant, X. 745, 1 be. Another, 
 XIV. 440, 2 be. 
 
 Re'te muco’sum (or Malpighii), V. 189, 2 be, 
 191', 2 be; VI. 682, 2 a; XII. 216, 1 c; XV. 
 79, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Retennu, Semitic race, XI. 415, 2 a. 
 
 Rethel, Alfred [ra'-tel], German painter, XlV.i 
 279. 
 
 Retic'ulum, in ruminants, XIV. 467, 2 c. 
 Retief Pieter [ra'-teef], leader of the Boers. II. 
 776, 1 b. 
 
642 
 
 RETINA 
 
 RHEINLAND 
 
 Ret'ina: see Eye, YU. 146, 1 c. 
 
 Reti'na: see Resina. 
 
 Retinis'pora, genus of conifers, XIY. 279. 
 
 R. plumosa, 2 ab (ill.), &c. 
 
 Retokt : see Distillation, YI. 140, 2 c, 141, 
 
 1 a (ill.); Gas, YII. 636, 2 a, 640, 2 a; Steel, 
 XY. 359, 2 ab. 
 
 Retriever, dog, XIY. 279 (ill.)* 
 
 Retz, Gilles de Laval, seigneur de [dub race], 
 marshal of France, XIV. 280. 
 
 Retz, Jean Frangois Paul de Gondi, cardinal 
 de, politician, XIY. 280. 
 
 Retzsch, Friedrich August Moritz [retsh], Ger¬ 
 man artist, XIY. 280. 
 
 Reuchlin, Johann [roi c h'-lin], scholar, XIY. 
 280. His labors to promote Hebrew and 
 classical learning, X. 191, lb. See Epis- 
 
 TOLiE ObSCURORUM VlRORUM. 
 
 Reuchlmism , system of Greek pronunciation, 
 
 VIII. 209, 2 c. 
 
 Reunion, lie de la [eel duh la ra-ti-nyo ng ], isl¬ 
 and, Indian ocean, XIY. 281. 
 
 Reus [ra'-ooce], city of Spain, XIY. 281. 
 Reusch [roish], scientist, his theory of colors in 
 labradorite, YII. 114, 2 b. 
 
 Reuss [roice], river of Switzerland, XIY. 281. 
 Reuss, territory of Germany, XIY. 281. Prin¬ 
 cipalities of Reuss-Greiz and Reuss-Schleiz, 
 282, 1 a. 
 
 Reuter [roi'-ter], chapelmaster: see Haydn, 
 VIII. 538, 2 c. 
 
 Reuter, Fritz, German novelist, XIY. 282. 
 Reutlingen [roit'-ling-en], town of Wiirtem- 
 berg, XIY. 282. 
 
 Reval : see Revel. 
 
 Revalenta Arabica , prepared food, X. 345, 1 b. 
 Rev'el, town of Russia, XIY. 282. 
 Revelation, Book of the: see Apocalypse. 
 Revenue jack: see Flag, YII. 252, 1 a. 
 Revere', Paul, American patriot, XIV. 282. 
 
 See Lexington, X. 389, 1 ab. 
 
 Reversion , estate in, YI. 738, 2 b. 
 
 Rev'ett, Nicholas (1722-1804, antiquary and 
 architect), XY. 430, 2 b. 
 
 Revivor and supplement , bill of, II. 640, 1 a. 
 Revolution , American , XYI. 156, 1 ab, ff. 
 French aid, 158, 2 ab, 159, 1 b, 2 c: see 
 Lafayette. Spanish aid, X. 97, 2 a. Com¬ 
 mittee of correspondence, X. 291, 2 b. 
 Revolution , French: see France (Index). 
 Revolution of July (1830), IY. 289, 1 c; YII. 
 391, 1 c; X. 681, 1 be; 99, 2 b, 100, 2 b. 
 Of February (1848), YII. 391, 2 a; X. 682, 
 
 2 be; 120, 1 a. 
 
 Revolution of 1848-9, in Germany: see Ger- 
 many (Index), and Rastadt. In Austria, 
 II. 146, 1 a. In Hungary, IX. 60, 1 a. In 
 Italy, 452, 1 a. 
 
 Revolution of La Granja, in Spain, X. 106, 1 b. 
 Revolution q/1688, in England, YI. 625, 1 be; 
 
 IX. 518, 2 be; XYI. 631, 1 ab. 
 
 Revolver : see Pistol. 
 
 Revolving wheel or drum process , in tanning, 
 
 X. 275, 1 be. 
 
 Rewbell [ruh-bel], (Jean Frangois, 1747-1807, 
 deputy from Alsace) : see Directory. 
 
 Rex piissimus , title conferred by Pius IX., YII. 
 135, 1 a. 
 
 Rex sacrorum, Roman priest, YII. 93, 2 b. 
 Reybaud, Marie Roch Louis [ra-bo], French 
 author, XIY. 283. 
 
 Reyer, Louis Etienne Ernest [ra-ya], com¬ 
 poser, XIY. 283. 
 
 Reykjavik [ri'-kya-vik], capital of Iceland, XIV. 
 283. 
 
 Reynolds [ren'-ulz], county, XIY. 283. 
 Reynolds, Sir Joshua, Englishpainter, XIY. 283. 
 Rezat [ra'-tsat], former circle of, YII. 428, 2 a. 
 Rezzonico, Carlo [ret-so-ne'-ko], (Pope Clement 
 XIIL), IY. 663, 2 ab. 
 
 Rha: see Volga. 
 
 Rhabanus : see Rabanus. 
 
 Rhacoph'orus (zoology), XY. 855, 1 ab (ill.). 
 Rhadamanthus, in mythology, XIY. 284. 
 Rhceti, Rhcetians: see Etruria, YI. 764, 2 b; 
 
 Rii^etia; and XY. 529, 1 b. 
 
 Rbletia, XIY. 284; 401, 1 c; XV. 529, 2 a. 
 Rhceto-Romanic : see Romansh. 
 
 Rhagio (entomology), II. 678, 2 b. 
 
 Rhamadan : see Ramadan. 
 
 Rhamnus (botany), III. 390, 2 a. R. catharti- 
 cus, 2 b (ill.). R. lanceolatus and R. alni- 
 folius, ib. R. infectorius, XYI. 433, 1 a. 
 Rhamphorhynchus (zoology), XIY. 62, 2 ab. 
 Rhapsod 1 omancy , kind of divination, YI. 154,1 b. 
 Rhazes, Arabian physician,I. 261, lab; 625,2ab. 
 Rhe : see Re. 
 
 Rhe'a, in Greek mythology : see Cybele. 
 Riiea, county, XIY. 285. 
 
 Rhea (ornithology), XII. 725, 2 b. R. Ameri¬ 
 cana, 2 c (ill.); III. 225, 2 a. 
 
 Rhea Silvia : see Romulus. 
 
 RnEGiuM : see Reggio di Calabria. 
 
 RnsiMS [ra ng s], city of France, XIY. 285. Ca¬ 
 thedral of, 1 b; IY. 118, 2 b. 
 
 Rheingau [rine'-gow], viticultural region, YII. 
 773, 1 b. 
 
 Rheinland : see Rhine, Province of the. 
 
RHEINSCHANZE 
 
 RHUS 
 
 043 
 
 Rheinschanze, the [rine'-shan-tsSh], X. 710, 1 b 
 (Ludw igsh afen) . 
 
 Rheita, Schyrle de, convex eye lens first used 
 by, XV. 623, 2 ab. Binocular telescope in¬ 
 vented by, 2 b. Referred to, G24, 1 be. 
 
 Rhenish: Confederation [ren'-ish], XIV. 285 ; 
 
 ' VII. 754, 1 c. 
 
 Rhenish Prussia : see Rhine, Province of the. 
 
 RiiENisn Wines : see Germany, Wines of. 
 
 Rhenus: see Rhine. 
 
 Rheostat, Wheatstone's , in galvanism, VII. 595, 
 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Rhetrce , ordinances of Lycurgus, VIII. 188,1 c. 
 
 Rhe'um (botany), XIV. 302, 2 b. R. Rhapon- 
 ticum, 2 c; Emodi, 303, 1 c; nobile, 2 a 
 (ill.); officinale, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Rheumatic fever , XIV. 285, 2 b. 
 
 Rheumatism, disease, XIV. 285. 
 
 Rhexia Virginica (botany), V. 761, 2 be (ill.). 
 
 Rhigolene , volatile fluid, XIII. 371, 1 c; VI. 
 748, 2 ab. 
 
 RniN, Bas: see Alsace-Lorraine. 
 
 Rhin, Haut: see Haut-Rhin. 
 
 RniNE, river of Europe, XIV. 286. 
 
 Rhine, Province of the, Prussia, XIV. 288. 
 
 Rhinobat'idce (ichthyology), XIV. 221, 2 c. 
 
 Rhinoceros [rl-nos'-e-ros], genus of mammals, 
 XIV. 288. R. unicornis, 2 c; bicornis, 289, 
 1 b (ill.); simus, 2 be. Rhinoceros bird, 2 c. 
 Fossil species, 290, 1 a. 
 
 Rhinoceros Hornbill : see Hornbill. 
 
 Rhinocolura , ancient penal colony, VI. 487, 2 a. 
 
 Rhinocorura: see Rhinocolura (Index). 
 
 Rhinogryphus (ornithology), XVI. 63, 1 a. 
 
 Rhinoplasty : see Autoplasty, II. 156, 2 b. 
 Revival of, VIII. 138, 2 a. 
 
 Rhinop’tera (ichthyology), XIV. 223, 1 be. 
 
 Rhinotme'tus , surname, IX. 728, 1 c. 
 
 Rhizines [rl'-zinz], of lichens, X. 409, 1 ab. 
 
 Rhizocri'nus (zoology), V. 491, 1 c. 
 
 Rhizo’dus (ichthyology), VII. 614, 2 c; 616, 2 c. 
 
 Rhizome', of a plant, XIII. 577, 2 ab. 
 
 Rhizomorpha (botany), VII. 529, 2 b. Lumi¬ 
 nosity of, 530, 1 b. 
 
 Rhizon'ic gulf IV. 127, 2 a. 
 
 Rhizoph’ora (botany), XI. 105, 2 c. R. Mangle, 
 106, 1 b. 
 
 Rhizop'oda: see Rhizopods (Index). 
 
 Rhi'zopods : see Foraminifera, Globigerina, 
 and Protozoa ; also I. 515, 2 a. 
 
 Rhodan'the Mangle'sii (botany), IX. 196,2 c (ill.). 
 
 Rhod'anus: see Rh6ne. 
 
 Rhode Island, state, XIV. 290. State seal 
 (ill.). Population, 2 c. Surface, 291, 1 c. 
 
 Islands, 2 a. Rivers, 2 be. Geology and 
 minerals, 2 c. Climate and soil, 292, 1 a. 
 Agriculture, 1 b. Manufactures, 2 b. Com¬ 
 merce, 293, 1 a. Intercommunication, 2 b. 
 Banks, 1 be. Government, 1 c. Finances, 
 294, 2 b. Public institutions, 295, 1 ab. 
 Education, 2 b. Libraries, &c., 296,1 b. Re¬ 
 ligious organizations, 1 be. History, 2 a. 
 First charter of, 2 c; XVI. 260, 2 c. See 
 Williams, Roger. 
 
 Rhode island , Xarragansett bay, XIV. 291, 2 a. 
 Rhode Island lent , grass, VIII. 167, 2 c. 
 RnoDES, Turkish island, XIV. 298. History, 
 
 1 c. Capital city, 2 c (view). Siege of, 
 
 2 be; II. 100, 2 be; XIV. 536, 1 b. Colos¬ 
 sus of, V. Ill, 2 b ; IV. 73, 1 ab; designer of, 
 276, 1 ab. Knights of: see Saint John of 
 Jerusalem. 
 
 Rhodes, Inner and Outer: see Appenzell, 
 and XV. 530, 2 b. 
 
 Rhodez : see Rodez. 
 
 Rhodian law, maritime, II. 160, 2 a; I. 125, 
 
 1 a; X. 219, 1 c. 
 
 Rhodian school of oratory, founder of, 1.151, lc. 
 Rhodium, metal, XIV. 299. 
 
 Rhodium, oil of XIV. 441, 1 b. 
 Rhododendron, genus of plants, XIV. 300. 
 R. Lapponicum, 1 ab; maximum, 1 b; Ca- 
 tawbiense, 2 ab (ill.) ; punctatum, &c., 2 b. 
 Exotic species, 2 c. Hybrids, 301, 1 b. Prop¬ 
 erties, 1 c. See Rhodora. 
 
 Rhodomenia palmata (botany), I. 299, 2 c. 
 Rhodope [rod'-o-pe]: see Thrace, XV. 725, 
 
 2 ab, and Balkan Mountains, II. 241, 2 a. 
 Rhodo'ra, genus of plants, XIV. 301 (ill.). 
 Rhodosperms , class of algse, I. 300, 2 b. 
 
 Rheeas (botany), XIII. 714, 2 be. 
 
 Rhomb, Fresnel's [rumb], X. 447, 2 be (ill.). 
 Rhombus (ichthyology), XVI. 45, 1 c. R. 
 
 maximus, ib. (ill.), and other species. 
 Rhonchus, crepitant [ron'-kus], in pneumonia, 
 XIII. 630,1 c. Redux crepitant rhonchus, 2 a. 
 Rhone, river of Europe, XIV. 301. 
 
 RnoNE, department of France, XIV. 302. 
 R'hoone, Lord [rone], nom de plume, II. 259,1 a. 
 Rhubarb, plant, XIV. 302. Common, 2 c; 
 Himalayan, 303, 2 a (ill.); medicinal, 2 c (ill.). 
 Composition, 304, 2 b. Medical properties, 
 2 c. Introduction into England, II. 228, 2 c. 
 Rhumb line, in navigation, XII. 180, 2 be. 
 
 Rhus (botany), XV. 461, 2 a. R. aromatica, 
 462, 1 b; copallina, 1 a, V. 312, 2 c (ill.) ; 
 coriaria, XV. 463, 1 c; cotinus, 462, 1 be (ill.), 
 VII. 547, 1 c; glabra, XV. 461, 2 ab (ill.); 
 
644 
 
 EHYNCELEA 
 
 RICHARDSON' 
 
 semialata, 463, 2 c (ill.); succedanea, IX. 
 532,1 be; toxicodendron, XY. 462, 2 b (ill.); 
 typhina, 461, 2 c; venenata, 462, 2 c (ill.), 
 YI. 185, 1 a; vernicifera, IX. 532,1 be, XY. 
 463, 2 b. 
 
 Rhynchcea [rin-ke'-a], (ornithology), XY. 133, 
 2 b. R. Capensis, ib. 
 
 Rhynchcenus strobi (entomology), XYI. 536,1 c. 
 Rhynchoph'ora (entomology), II. 477, 2 b; XYI. 
 535, 2 c. 
 
 Rhyn'chops (ornithology), XY. 78, 1 be. R. 
 nigra, 2 ab (ill.). 
 
 Rhyncho'tus (ornithology), XY. 765, 1 c. R. 
 rufescens, ib. 
 
 Rhynconella , III. 177, 2 c (Brachiopoda). 
 Rhyndace'nus , surname, X. 178, 2 c. 
 
 Rhyn’ dacus , river of Asia Minor, I. 224, 2 b. 
 Rhyparocli’romus devastator (entomology), 
 IY. 486, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Rhyti'na Stel’leri (zoology), XI. 89, 2 c. 
 
 Eiad : see Riyad. 
 
 Rialto , the , bridge in Yenice, XYI. 296, 2 be; 
 
 III. 271, 1 c. Island, XYI. 299, 1 c. 
 
 RiaTion [re-a-nyoan'J, Spanish commander of 
 the Alhondega, I. 310, 1 c. 
 
 Rianzares, Duke of [re-an-tlia'-race]: see Mu- 
 ffoz. 
 
 Riazan [re-a-zan'J, government of Russia, XIY. 
 
 305. Capital city, 1 b. 
 
 Rib : see Skeleton. 
 
 Rib’and, rib'an: see Ribbon. 
 
 Riband , in heraldry, YIII. 672, 1 be. 
 ifo’5as[re'-bas], S. American general, III. 7,2 a, ab. 
 Ribas tree , in Persian mythology, Y. 794, 1 a. 
 Ribaudequin [re-bo-duh-ka" g ], gun, I. 796, 2 c. 
 Ribault, Jean [re-bo], French navigator, XIY. 
 
 305. See Menendez de Aviles. 
 
 Ribble , river of England, XYI. 790, 2 b. 
 Ribbon, XIY. 305. 
 
 Ribbon Fish, XIY. 306 (ill.). Scabbard fish 
 so called, 660, 2 a. 
 
 Ribbonmen , Irish secret association, XII. 667,1 b. 
 Ribbon Worms, XIY. 307. See Planarians. 
 Ribera, Jos6 [re-ba'-ra]: see Spagnoletto. 
 Ribes [rl'-beez], (botany), Y. 585, 1 a, 2 c. R. 
 rubrum, 1 a (ill.); nigrum, 2 a (ill.); pros¬ 
 tratum, &c., 2 b; grossulana, YIII. 108, 
 2 ab (ill.). American species, 2 b. 
 
 Rib-faced deer: see Muntjao. 
 
 Rib grass (plantain), XIII. 594, 2 c. 
 
 Ribhns , in Hindoo mythology, IX. 224, 2 b. 
 Ribible , musical instrument, XYI. 366, 2 c. 
 Ricardo, David, English political economist, 
 XIY. 307; XIII. 671, 2 be. 
 
 Ricarees : see Eickarees. 
 
 Ricasoli, Bettino, baron [re-ka'-zo-le], Italian 
 statesman, XIY. 307. 
 
 Ricaut, Sir Paul [re-ko'], English diplomatist, 
 XIY. 307. 
 
 Ricci [reet'-che]: see Rizzio. 
 
 Ricci, Federigo, Italian composer, XIY. 807. 
 
 Ricci , Lorenzo , general of the Jesuits (1758), 
 imprisonment and death of, IX. 631, 2 b. 
 
 Ricci (Matteo, 1552-1610), founder of Jesuit 
 missions in China, IY. 459, 2 a. 
 
 Ricci , Scipione (1741-1810), bishop of Pistoja 
 (1780-90), opponent of ultramontanism, 
 XYI. 106, 2 a. 
 
 Riccia (botany), X. 542, 1 be (ill., R. natans). 
 
 Riccia’cece (botany), X. 542, 2 c. 
 
 Riccio [reet'-cho]: see Rizzio. 
 
 Riccio, Domenico: see Brusasorci. 
 
 Riccioli, Giovanni Battista [reet'-cho-le], Ital¬ 
 ian astronomer, XIY. 807. 
 
 Rice, grain, XIY. 307 (ill.). American varie¬ 
 ties, 308, 1 c. Cultivation, 2 a. Prepara¬ 
 tion of the grain, 309,1 ab. Uses, 2 a. Sta¬ 
 tistics, 2 c. 
 
 Rice, two counties, XIY. 310. 
 
 Rice, Indian, grass, XIY. 310 (ill.). 
 
 Rice, Luther, American clergyman, XIY. 310. 
 
 Rice bags , material of, in India, II. 373, 2 a. 
 
 Rice Bird : see Finch, YII. 190, 2 a. Another, 
 II. 766, 2 a. 
 
 Rice Bunting : see Bobolink. 
 
 Rice Paper Tree, XIY. 310 (ill.). 
 
 Riceville , county seat, XIII. 214, 2 c. 
 
 Rice water , XIY. 309, 2 be. 
 
 Rich, county, XIY. 311. 
 
 Rich, Claudius James, English traveller, XIY. 
 311. 
 
 Rich, Edmund, Saint, archbishop of Canter¬ 
 bury, XIY. 311. 
 
 Richard I., Cceur de Lion, king of England, 
 XIY. 312. Alleged institution of the order 
 of the garter by him, YII. 631, 1 c. 
 
 Richard II., XIY. 313. 
 
 Richard III., XIY. 314. Referred to, XY. 6, 
 1 b. See Edward Y. 
 
 Richard de Bury : see A ungervyle. 
 
 Richardia Africana [re-kar'-de-a], (botany), X. 
 473, 1 c. 
 
 Richard Plantagenet, earl of Cornwall and 
 emperor of Germany, XIY. 315. 
 
 Richards indicator , for steam pressure, XY. 
 350, 1 be (ill.). 
 
 Richardson, county, XIY. 315. 
 
 Richardson, Benjamin Ward, English physi- 
 
RICHARDSON 
 
 RIFLE 
 
 645 
 
 cian, XIV. 315. His researches on blood, 
 II. 734,1 a. Use of anaesthetics, IV. 504, 1 a. 
 Richardson, Charles, philologist, XIV. 316. 
 Richardson, James, traveller, XIV. 316 ; II. 
 344. 2 a, b. 
 
 Richardson, Sir John, naturalist, XIV. 316 ; 
 
 I. 671, 2 ab, c, 673, 2 c. 
 
 Richardson, Samuel, author, XIV. 316; VI. 
 642, 1 be. 
 
 Richardson's process , in iron manufacture, IX. 
 401, 2 be. 
 
 Richelieu [re-shuh-lu'], county, XIV. 316. 
 Richelieu, Armand Jean Duplessis, cardinal 
 and duke de [re-shuh-lyuh], French states¬ 
 man, XIV. 316 ; VII. 383,1 b ; IX. 37, 2 c; 
 688, 2 ab. Alphonse Louis Duplessis, arch¬ 
 bishop, XIV. 318, 1 be. Louis Francois Ar¬ 
 mand Duplessis, marshal de Richelieu, 1 c. 
 Armand Emmanuel Duplessis, duke de Riche¬ 
 lieu, ib. 
 
 Richelieu river , IV. 249, 2 a. 
 
 Richer, Rdouard [re-sha], author, XIV. 318. 
 Richerand, Anthelme, baron [re-shuh-ra ng ], 
 physiologist, XIV. 318. 
 
 Richfield , county seat, XIV. 789, 2 b. 
 
 Richfield springs , referred to, XL 593, 2 b. 
 Richibucto [rish-e-buk'-to], county seat, IX. 
 794, 1 a. 
 
 Richland, name of six counties, XIV. 318. 
 Richland Centre , county seat, XIV. 319, 1 c. 
 Richmann , Prof, [rkh'-man], (Georg Wilhelm, 
 born 1711), death of by lightning, X. 464, 1 be. 
 Richmond, four counties, United States, XIV. 
 319. 
 
 Richmond, two counties, Canada, XIV. 319. 
 Richmond, capital of Virginia, XIV. 320. Pub¬ 
 lic buildings and monuments, 1 c (ill., state 
 capitol). Commerce, 2 ab. Manufactures, 2 c. 
 Banks, 321, 1 a. Government, ib. Charita¬ 
 ble institutions, 1 b. Schools,iA Churches,2a. 
 History, ib. Federal campaigns against, X. 
 773, 2 ab; VIII. 159, 1 a. Abandoned by 
 the confederate army and government, XIV. 
 322, 1 ab; entered by the Union army, 1 c. 
 Richmond, city of Indiana, XIV. 322. 
 Richmond , county seats, VII. 326, 1 c; X. 820, 
 1 c, 2 be; XIV. 223, 2 ab ; 319, 2 a. 
 Richmond, town of England, XIV. 322. 
 Richmond, Countess of: see Beaufort, Mar¬ 
 garet. 
 
 Richmond, Legh, English clergyman, XIV. 323. 
 Richter [ri c h'-ter], (Jeremias Benjamin, 1762- 
 1807, of Breslau and Berlin), on chemical 
 equivalents, IV. 365, 2 be. 
 
 BicnTER, Johann Paul Friedrich (Jean Paul), 
 German author, XIV. 323. 
 
 Ricimer , Count [ris'-e-mer], Roman general, 
 XVI. 564, 2 be; 565, 1 a, ff. 
 
 Ricinus [ris'-e-nus], (botany) : see Castor Oil, 
 IV. 86, 2 a, c. R. communis, 2 ab, c (ill.). 
 R. major, X. 397, 2 c. 
 
 Rickarees, Indian tribe, XI V. 323. 
 
 Rickets, disease, XIV. 324; III. 58, 1 a. 
 
 Ricord, Philippe [re-kor], French physician, 
 XIV. 324. Alexandre, 2 a. 
 
 Rideau canal [re-do'], Canada, XII. 734, 2 b. 
 
 Ridge-and-groove articulation , I. 783, 2 b. 
 
 Ridgeway , county seat, VI. 541, 2 a. 
 
 Ridings , divisions of Yorkshire, XVI. 790, 2 a. 
 
 Ridley, Nicholas, English bishop, XIV. 324. 
 Burned as a heretic, 2 c. 
 
 Ridolfi, Roberto, Italian conspirator, XIV. 324. 
 
 Riebau , George , VII. 82, 1 c, 2 a (Faraday). 
 
 Riedesel, Friedrich Adolph von, baron [re'- 
 deh-zel], German general, XIV. 325. Frie- 
 derike Charlotte Luise, writer, 2 a. 
 
 Riego [re-a'-go], (Rafael del), Spanish insur¬ 
 gent chief, XV. 214, 1 b-2 a. 
 
 Riel, Louis [re-el]: see Manitoba, XI. 114, 2 be. 
 
 Riezan [re-eh-zan']: see Riazan. 
 
 Rienzi, Nicola Gabrini [re-en'-dze], tribune of 
 Rome, XIV. 325; XIII. 42, 1 a. 
 
 Riesengebirge [re'-zen-geh-beer-geh], moun¬ 
 tain range of Germany, XIV. 327. 
 
 Rietschel, Ernst Friedrich August [reet'-shel], 
 German sculptor, XIV. 327. 
 
 Rif Er (the), [air reef], mountain range of Mo¬ 
 rocco, XI. 839, 1 b. Rif pirates, 842, 2 ab; 
 battle with, I. 80, 1 c (Riff). 
 
 Rifles, in gold washing, VIII. 82, 2 c. 
 
 Rifle, XIV. 327. Spiral rifling, 2 ab; advan¬ 
 tages of, 2 b, ff. Calibre and projectile, 
 328, 1 b. Styles of rifling, 1 c; Whitworth’s, 
 2 b (ill., small arm projectile); Henry’s, ib. 
 (ill.). Introduction into use, 2 c. Pauly 
 breech-loader, 329, 1 c (ill.), 330, 2 a; Del- 
 vigne’s rifle, 329, 2 a (ill.); Thouvenin’s ca¬ 
 rabine a tige, 2 c (ill., 330); Mini6 bullet, 
 330, 1 ab (ills.). American military rifles, 
 
 1 be; Springfield, 1 c. Breech-loaders, 330, 
 
 2 a; Hall’s, 2 be (ill., 331); needle gun, 329, 
 1 c (Dreyse’s), 331,1 b (ill.) ; Chassepot, 1 c 
 (ill.); Spencer magazine gun, 332, 1 b (ill.); 
 Henry or Winchester gun, 1 c, 2 a; Rem¬ 
 ington, 2 ab (ill.); Springfield, 2 c (ill.); 
 Martini-Henry, 333,1 b (ill.); Peabody, 1 be 
 (ill.); Snider, 2 a (ill.); Gorloff, 2 b (ill.) ; 
 Pieri, 2 c; Berdan, ib. Table of breech- 
 
640 
 
 RIFLE 
 
 RIPARIAN 
 
 loading rifles, 334, 1 a. Range, 1 b.—See 
 Enfield rifie (Index). Mauser rifle, IX. 270, 
 2 b. Rifle first used as a weapon, I. 735, 
 2 a; superiority of the American, 750, 2 c. 
 Rifle cannon, I. 791, 2 a, if.; III. 710, 1 b. 
 
 Rifie trenches or pits, VII. 336, 1 a. 
 
 Riga [re'-ga], city of Russia, XIY. 334. 
 
 Rigby , Elizabeth: see Eastlake, YI. 379, 1 a. 
 
 Rigdon, Sidney: see Mormons, XI. 833, 2 a. 
 
 Rigg, James H., English clergyman, XIY. 335. 
 
 Rigging , of a ship, XIY. 865, 2 c. 
 
 Riggs, Rev. E., missionary, III. 423, 2 ab. 
 
 Righi: see Rigi. 
 
 Righint, Vincenzo [re-ghe'-ne], Italian compo¬ 
 ser, XIY. 335. 
 
 Rigi [re'-ghe], Swiss mountain, XIY. 335. 
 
 Right of eminent domain , X. 224, 1 ab. 
 
 Right lymphatic duct , X. 749, 2 c. 
 
 Right of petition , to congress, I. 105, 1 b 
 (Adams). 
 
 Right of reentry, in law, X. 269,1 be. 
 
 Right of search: see Search (Index). 
 
 Right of survivorship, in law, IX. 672, 2 be. 
 
 Right of way, over another’s ground, XIY. 
 228, 2 c. 
 
 Rigor mortis, of the muscles, XII. 68, 2 ab. 
 
 Rig- Veda, collection of ancient Hindoo litera¬ 
 ture, IX. 222, 2 a. Yedic gods, demons, &c., 
 223, 1 a, if. 
 
 Riha [re'-ha], site of Jericho, IX. 607, 1 ab. 
 
 Rijn [rine]: see Rhine. 
 
 Rijswijh [rice'-vike] : see Ryswick. 
 
 Riley, county, XIV. 335. 
 
 Riley, Charles Valentine, American entomolo¬ 
 gist, XIY. 335. 
 
 Rima glottidis (anatomy), XYI. 397, 2 be. 
 
 Rimac [re-mak'], Peruvian idol, XIII. 342, 1 a. 
 River, III. 619, 2 ab; X. 474, 2 a, 476, 1 ab. 
 
 Rimau-dahan [re-mow'-da-han'], tiger cat, XY. 
 750, 2 be (ill.). 
 
 Rime song, Anglo-Saxon, I. 504, 1 c. 
 
 Rimini [re'-me-ne], town of Italy, XIY. 335. 
 
 Rimini, Francesca and Paolo da, referred to, 
 XI. 55, 1 a. 
 
 Rimouski [re-moos'-ke], county of Canada, 
 XIY. 336. Capital, 1 ab. 
 
 Rim roclc , in mines, XI. 572, 2 b. 
 
 Rinaldo Rinaldini [re-nal'-do re-nal-de'-ne], 
 romance, XYI. 412, 1 b. 
 
 Rinderpest : see Murrain, XII. 57, 1 c. 
 
 Rinehart, William Henry, American sculptor, 
 XIY. 336. 
 
 Ring, ornament for the finger, XIY. 336. Uses 
 of among ancient nations, 1 c, if. Jus an¬ 
 
 nuli aurei (or jus annulorum), 2 c. Use of 
 by the early Christians, 337,1 ab (ills.). Seal 
 rings, 1 c (ills.). Bishop’s ring, 2 a; II. 663, 
 2 c. Wedding ring, XIY. 337, 1 c; betroth¬ 
 al, 338, 1 a. Superstitions connected with 
 it, 1 b. Use in poisoning, 2 a. 
 
 Ringbones, disease, XVI. 334,1 a; VIII. 826,2ab. 
 
 Ring frauds, in New York, XII. 408, 2 b. See 
 Tweed, William Marcy. 
 
 Ringgold, county, XIY. 338. 
 
 Ringgold, county seat, IV. 125, 1 b. 
 
 Ringworm : see Epiphytes, YI. 689, 2 a. 
 
 Rinmann's green, a pigment, IY. 766, 2 c. 
 
 Rinuccini [re-noot-che'-ne], (Ottavio, 1565?- 
 1621), Italian poet, XII. 90, 1 a. 
 
 Rio Arriba [re'-o ar-re'-ba], county, XIY. 338. 
 
 Riobamba, town of Ecuador (pop. 20,000), YI. 
 397, 1 a. (See map.) 
 
 Rio Bravo del Norte : see Rio Grande del 
 Norte. 
 
 Rio Colorado : see Colorado. 
 
 Rio de Janeiro [re'-o da zha-na'-ro], province 
 of Brazil, XIY. 333. Municipality, 339, 
 2 ab.—Capital of Brazil, 2 c. Description, 
 ib. Institutions, &c., 340, 1 c. Intercom¬ 
 munication, 2 b. Climate, 2 be. Com¬ 
 merce, 2 c. History, 341, 1 ab. 
 
 Rio de la Plata : see Plata, Rio de la, and 
 I. 688, 1 b. Government of, III. 409, 2 b. 
 
 Rio de Segovia : see Cape River. 
 
 Rio Escondido [ace-kone-de'-do]: see Blue- 
 fields. 
 
 Rio Grande [rl'-o grand; Sp. re'-o gran'-da], 
 county, XIV. 341. 
 
 Rio Grande, river of Bolivia, XIY. 341. 
 
 Rio Grande City, county seat, XY. 323, 2 a. 
 
 Rio Grande del Norte [del nor'-ta], river of 
 North America, XI Y. 341. 
 
 Rio Grande do Norte, province of Brazil, 
 XIY. 342. 
 
 Rio Grande do Sul : see §ao Pedro do Sul. 
 
 Rioja, La [la re-o'- k ha], province of the Argen¬ 
 tine Republic, XIV. 342. Capital city, 2 ab. 
 
 Riom [re-o ng ], city of France, XIY. 342. 
 
 Rion [re-oan'J: see Phasis, and X. 66, 1 ab. 
 
 Rio Negro [re'-o na'-gro], river of South 
 America, XIY. 342. Another, 343, 1 a. 
 
 Riot, in law, XIY. 343. Penalties by com¬ 
 mon law, 344, 1 ab. English riot act, and 
 subsequent statutes, 1 b. In the United 
 States, 1 c. 
 
 Ripaille [re-pay’], monastery (Savoy, on lake 
 of Geneva), I. 373, 1 be. Faire Ripaille, ib. 
 
 Riparian (rights and privileges), XIY. 344. 
 
RIPLEY 
 
 ROBBER 
 
 047 
 
 Ownership on unnavigable rivers, 1 c; nav¬ 
 igable ponds or lakes, 2 b; shifting channels, 
 2 be; the seashore, 345, 1 a; navigable 
 rivers, 1 b. Right to water, 1 be; of fishing, 
 2 ab; of towage, &c., 346,1 a; of ferriage, 1 b. 
 
 Ripley, two counties, XIY. 346. 
 
 Ripley , county seats, IX. 482, 2 a; X. 206, 
 1 b; XY. 767, 1 b. 
 
 Ripley, Henry Jones, American clergyman 
 and teacher, XIY. 346. 
 
 Ripley, Roswell Sabine, soldier, XIY. 346. 
 
 Rip'on, George Frederick Samuel Robinson, 
 earl de Grey and marquis of, English states¬ 
 man, XIY. 346. 
 
 Riposte [re-post'], in fencing, YII. 120, 2 c. 
 
 Ripping , in wire drawing, XYI. 676, 2 a. 
 
 Ripple Geass : see Plantain, XIII. 594, 2 c. 
 
 Rippling , of flax, YII. 263, 2 a. 
 
 Ripuarian Franks, YII. 443, 1 a. Laws, Y. 7, 
 1 c, 2 c; 8, 1 a. 
 
 Riguet de Caraman [re-ka duh ka-ra-ma ng ] : 
 see Chimay, IY. 436, 1 b, c. 
 
 Riquetti [re-ka-te] : see Mieabeatt. 
 
 Rishte [rish'-teh], disease, II. 800, 2 ab. 
 
 Rising Sun , county seat, XII. 603, 1 b. 
 
 Rissa (ornithology), YIII. 319, 2 be. R. tri- 
 dactyla, 2 c. 
 
 Risto'ei, Adelaide, marchioness del Grillo, 
 Italian actress, XIY. 347. 
 
 Risus sardonicus, in tetanus, XY. 666, 2 ab. 
 
 Ritchie, county, XIY. 347. 
 
 Ritchie, Anna Cora Mowatt: see Mowatt. 
 
 Ritchie, Thomas, American journalist, XIY. 
 347. 
 
 Ritchie's air pump, I. 220, 2 a (ill.) 
 
 Rites, Congregation of, XIV. 347. 
 
 Ritson, Joseph, English antiquary, XIV. 347. 
 
 Rittenhouse, David, American mathematician, 
 XIY. 347; XYI. 191, 2 ab. 
 
 Ritter (knight), IY. 497, 1 a. 
 
 Rittee, Carl, German geographer, XIY. 348; 
 YII. 686, 1 b. 
 
 Rittee, Heinrich, philosopher, XIY. 348. 
 
 Rittinghuysen, William [rit'-ting-hi-zen], first 
 American paper maker, XIII. 52, 1 b ; XIY. 
 347, 2 c. 
 
 Ritualism, in Anglican churches, XIY. 348. 
 Periods of, 2 a. Ground principles of: 1st, 
 ib. ; 2d, 2 c; 3d, 349, 1 a. Deductions, 1 c. 
 Decisions of the ecclesiastical courts, 2 a, ff. 
 Encouragement therefrom to the English 
 ritualists, 2 c. Sympathy with English rit¬ 
 ualism in the United States, 350, 1 a. 
 
 Ritzio : see Rizzio. 
 
 Riu Kiu [ru ku]: see Loo Cnoo Islands. 
 Rivaeol, Antoine [re-va-rul], XIV. 350. 
 Rivas, Angel de Saavedra, duke of [re'-vass], 
 Spanish poet, XIY. 350. , 
 
 Rive, de la, XY. 622,* 1 c. 
 
 Rive-de-Giee [reev-duh-zhe-a],town of France. 
 XIY. 350. 
 
 River of Egypt, II. 189, 1 c. 
 
 Riverhead, county seat, XV. 440, 1 b. 
 
 Rivee Hog : see Waet Hog, XVI. 466, 1 a. 
 River Indians, Mohegans, XI. 701, 1 ab. 
 
 River wolf, or loutra (otter), XII. 736, 1 b. 
 Rivers and lakes, extent of state jurisdiction 
 over, X. 224, 1 b. Private rights over: see 
 Ripaeian. 
 
 Rives, William Cabell [reevz], American states¬ 
 man, XIY. 350. 
 
 Riviera di Levante [re-vya'-ra de la-van'-ta], 
 and R. di Ponente,VII. 673, 2 c; IX.441, 2 be. 
 Riviere a la Biche [re-vyair a la beesh], X. 
 791, 1 c. 
 
 Riviere du Loup [dli loo], county seat, XI. 
 239, 2 a. 
 
 Rivington, James, royalist printer in Xew 
 York, XIY. 350. 
 
 Rivoli [re'-vo-le], Italy, XIY. 351. Battle of,l a. 
 Riyad [re-yad'], city of Arabia, XIY. 351. 
 Rizenci , trade name, XIV. 309, 2 b. 
 
 Rizzio, David [rit'-se-o], favorite of Mary, 
 queen of Scots, XIY. 351. 
 
 Roach, fish, XIY. 351. European, 2 be (ill.). 
 Misapplications of the name, 352, 1 a; II. 
 368, 2 c; III. 239, 2 c. 
 
 Road, XIY. 352. In ancient countries, 1 ab- 
 2 c. In modern Britain, 2c; in the United 
 States, 353, 1 a. Laying out new roads, 1 ab. 
 Road-bed systems of Telford and Macadam, 
 1 c. Public roads, 2 c. 
 
 Road bed, of public highways, XIY. 353, 1 c ; 
 
 of railroads, 170, 1 be, 178, 2 be. 
 
 Roane, two counties, XIY. 354. 
 
 Roanne [ro-an], town of France, XIV. 354. 
 Roanoke [ro-a-noke'], county, XIV. 354. 
 Roanoke college , Virginia, XIY. 563, 1 b. 
 Roanoke Rivee: see XoETn Caeolina, XII. 
 489, 2 b. 
 
 Roasting , in metallurgy, XI. 426, 2 a; of lead 
 ores, X. 256, 1 b; of zinc, XYI. 820, 2 be. 
 Rob'ards, Lewis : see Jackson, Andrew, IX. 
 486, 1 c. 
 
 Robat el-Kholy, Arabian desert, I. 619, 1 a. 
 Robber council: see Robber synod (Index). 
 Robber synod , the, X. 345, 2 b. See Ephesus, 
 YI. 678, 2 a ; Eutyches, 791, 1 c ; Monoph- 
 
048 
 
 ROBBERY 
 
 ROCHELLE 
 
 ysites, XI. 757, 1 b. Referred to, II. 343, 
 1 c; IY. 226, 2 a; VIII. 723, 2 c. 
 
 Robbery, in law, XIY. 354. What constitutes 
 it, 1 ab, ff. Old English mode of pursuing 
 a felon (hue and cry), 355, 2 c. Penalties, 
 
 356, 1 a. 
 
 Robbia, Luca della: see Pottery and Porce¬ 
 lain, XIII. 781, 1 c. Andrea and Girola¬ 
 mo, ib. 
 
 Bobbin , in hat manufacture, VIII. 512, 1 c. 
 
 ‘ Robbing ,” in mining, XI. 573, 2 b. 
 
 Robbins, Jonathan , extradition case of, I. 93, 
 1 b ; VII. 44, 1 a; XI. 201, 1 a. 
 
 Robert I., king of Scotland : see Bruce. 
 
 Robert, Louis Leopold [ruh-bair], French 
 painter, XIV. 356. 
 
 Robert, Louis Valentin £lias, French sculptor, 
 XIV. 356. 
 
 Robert of Arbrissel: see Arbrissel. 
 
 Robert college , Constantinople, XI. 647, 2 c. 
 
 Robert the Devil: see William I., the Con¬ 
 queror, XVI. 629, 1 c. 
 
 Robert-Fleury, Joseph Nicolas [ruh-bair-fliih- 
 re], French painter, XIV. 356. 
 
 Robert de Geneve [dub zhuh-naiv], antipope 
 (Clement VII.), IV. 661, 2 c. 
 
 Robert Guiscard : see Guiscard. 
 
 Robert the Strong, Saxon warrior, III. 752,1 ab. 
 
 Roberts, David, British artist, XIV. 356. 
 
 Roberts, Joseph Jenkins , governor and presi¬ 
 dent of Liberia, V. 91, 2 c; X. 399, 2 b, c. 
 
 Roberts, Col. William R., Fenian, VII. 127,1 a. 
 
 Roberts torpedo, for artesian wells, I. 779, 2 c. 
 
 Robertson, three counties, XIV. 356. 
 
 Robertson, Frederick William, English cler¬ 
 gyman, XIV. 357. 
 
 Robertson, James Cragie, British clergyman, 
 XIV. 357. 
 
 Robertson, Thomas William, English drama¬ 
 tist, XIV. 357. 
 
 Robertson, William, Scottish historian, XIV. 
 
 357. 
 
 Roberval, Gilles Personne or Personier de 
 [ruh-bair-val], French mathematician, XIV. 
 357. 
 
 Robervallian lines, XIV. 358, 1 a. 
 
 Rob'eson, county, XIV. 358. 
 
 Robespierre, Maximilien Marie Isidore de [rob'- 
 es-peer; Fr. ruh-bess-pyair], French revolu¬ 
 tionist, XIV. 358. nis early life and per¬ 
 sonal traits, 1 b, c. Early public career, 2 a, ff. 
 The reign of terror instituted by him, 359,1 b. 
 Arrest and execution, 2 ab. See France, 
 VII. 388, 2 be, 389, 1 b-2 b. 
 
 Robin, bird, XIV. 359. Redbreast, 2 c (ill., 
 360). American, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Robin, Charles Philippe [ruh-ba ns ], French 
 physiologist, XIV. 360. 
 
 Robinet, /m&e£[ruh-be-na], inventor, 11.192,1 c. 
 
 Robin Goodfelloics: see Fairies, VII. 65, 1 b. 
 
 Robin Hood : see Hood, Robin. 
 
 Robinia : see Locust, X. 571, 2 be. 
 
 Robin of Redesdale, English rebel, VI. 436, 2 c. 
 
 Robins, Benjamin , on gunnery, XIV. 327, 2 a. 
 
 Robinson, county seat, V. 465, 2 c. 
 
 Robinson, Beverley, tory, I. 329,1 be ; 759, 2 c. 
 
 Robinson, Charles, governor of Kansas, IX. 
 754, 1 c. 
 
 Robinson, Edward, American Biblical scholar, 
 XIV. 361 ; XVI. 202, 1 c. Therese Alber- 
 tine Louise von Jakob, authoress,XIV.361,2 a. 
 
 Robinson, Ezekiel Gilman, American clergy¬ 
 man, president of Rochester theological semi¬ 
 nary, and of Brown university, XIV. 361. 
 
 Robinson, John, English clergyman, XIV. 362; 
 
 IX. 199, 1 c. 
 
 Robinson, Mrs. Mary, actress and authoress, 
 VII. 709, 2 a. 
 
 Robinson Crusoe, V. 763, 2 b. Supposed pro¬ 
 totype, 2 c. 
 
 Robinson's anemometer, I. 490, 1 a. 
 
 Robison, John, Scottish writer on natural phi¬ 
 losophy, XIV. 362. 
 
 Rob Roy, Scottish outlaw, XIV. 362. Rob 
 Roy’s cave, X. 589, 2 c. 
 
 Robsart, Amy, countess of Leicester, VI. 294, 
 1 b, c. 
 
 Rocca, Albert Jean de, husband of Mine, de 
 Stael, XV. 300, 1 be. 
 
 Rocca Spaccata, miraculous rock, VII. 552, 2 a. 
 
 Rocella (botany), I. 650, 2 c ; 651, 1 a. Species, 
 
 X. 411, 1 ab. 
 
 Rochambeau, Jean Baptiste Donatien de Vi- 
 meur, count de [ruh-sha ng -bo], French sol¬ 
 dier, XIV. 362. Donatien Marie Joseph de 
 Vimeur, viscount de, 363, 1 a. 
 
 Roch'dale, town of England, XIV. 363. Equi¬ 
 table pioneers’ society, 1 c; XV. 142, 2 ab. 
 
 Rochefort, or Rochefort-sur-Mer [rush-for- 
 sur-mair], town of France, XIV. 363. 
 
 Rochefort, Henri: see RocnEFORT-LugAY. 
 
 RocHEFORT-LugAY, Victor Henri, count de 
 [-lu-sa], French journalist, XIV. 363. His 
 “ Lanterne,” III. 52, 2 c. 
 
 Rochefoucauld : see La Rochefoucauld. 
 
 Rochejaquelein : see La Rochejaquelein. 
 
 Rochelle, La [la ruh-shel], town of France, 
 XIV. 364. Siege of: see Richelieu, 317,1 ab. 
 
ROCHELLE 
 
 RODGER’S 
 
 649 
 
 Rochelle Salt, XIV. 364; Y. 469, 1 c. 
 Rocker de Corneille [ruh-sha dull kor-nay’], 
 rock, XIY. 102, 1 be. 
 
 Rochester, city of New York, XIY. 364 (ill.). 
 Description, 2 a. Intercommunication, 2 ab. 
 Public buildings, 2 c. Religious organiza¬ 
 tions, 365,1 ab. Charitable institutions, 1 b. 
 University, 1 c. Theological seminary, 2 ab. 
 Government, 2 b. Commerce and manufac¬ 
 tures, 2 be. History, 2 c. Origin of the 
 name, 366, 2 a. 
 
 Rochester , county seats, YII. 525, 1 a; XII. 
 620, 2 a (city). 
 
 Rochester, city of England, -XIY. 366. 
 Rochester, John Wilmot, earl of, wit, liber¬ 
 tine, and buffoon, XIY. 366. 
 
 Rochester, Nathaniel, American pioneer, XIY. 
 366. 
 
 Rocke-sur- Yon, La [la rush-siir-yo ng ]: see Na¬ 
 poleon-Yendee (Index). 
 
 Rochet, Louis [ruh-sha], French sculptor, XIY. 
 366. 
 
 Rochette, Desire Raoul [rowlruh-sliet],French 
 archaeologist, XIV. 366. 
 
 Rochusberg [ro'- k hoos-bairg], mountain, II. 645, 
 
 1 a (view, 644). 
 
 Rock: see Rocks. Blasting of live rock, II. 
 700, 1 b. 
 
 Rock, two counties, XIY. 366. 
 
 Rockbridge, county, XIY. 367. 
 
 Rock Castle, county, XIY. 367. 
 
 Rock crystal , XIY. 131, 2 b. 
 
 Rockdale, county, XIY. 367. 
 
 Rocker , in gold mining, YII. 82, 2 be. 
 
 Rocket, projectile, XIY. 367. Congreve’s im¬ 
 provement, 1 c, 368, 1 a. Construction, 367, 
 
 2 a. Mode of firing, 368, 1 a. Uses, ib. Sub¬ 
 marine rocket, XV. 805, 2 a. 
 
 Rocket , blunted lance, XV. 824, 1 c. 
 
 Rock Fish: see Bass, II. 368, 1 a; Wrasse, 
 XYI. 734,1 be. 
 
 Rockford, city of Illinois, XIV. 368. 
 
 Rockford, county seat, Y. 311, 2 c. 
 
 Rocking, in the preparation of alum, I. 365, 2 a. 
 Rock'ingham, three counties, XIY. 368. 
 Rockingham , county seat, XIY. 319, 2 be. 
 Rockingham, Charles Watson Wentworth, mar¬ 
 quis of [rok'-ing-um], English statesman, 
 XIY. 369. 
 
 Rocking stones , III. 167, 1 b ; X. 141, 2 c (logan 
 stones). 
 
 Rock Island, county, XIY. 369. 
 
 Rock Island, city of Illinois, XIY. 369. Rock 
 Island arsenal and armory, 1 c. 
 
 Rockland, county, XIY. 369. 
 
 Rockland, city of Maine, XIY. 369. 
 
 Rockland , county seat, X. 25, 1 a. 
 
 Rockland lake , New York, rV XIV. 369, 2 be. 
 
 Rockling , fish, X. 506, 2 b. 
 
 Rock oil: see Petroleum. 
 
 Rockport , county seats, II. 51, 1 be; IX. 8, 2 c; 
 XY. 257, 2 c. 
 
 Rock rabbit (hyrax), IX. 138, 1 c. 
 
 Rock river , of the United States, IX. 183, 1 a. 
 Of British America, X. 791, 1 c. 
 
 Rocks, in geology, XIY. 370. Original and 
 derived, 1 c, ff. Compound or heterogene¬ 
 ous, 2 ab, ff. Transition, YII. 697, 1 b. 
 
 Rock salt, XIY. 571, 1 a, ff. Its diathermancy, 
 VI. 81, 1 c, 2 b. 
 
 Rock snake , II. 762, 1 c, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Rock snipe, bird, XIY. 599, 2 ab. 
 
 Rockville , county seats, XI. 786, 1 c; XIII. 
 109, 2 b. 
 
 Rockwall, county, XIV. 371. Capital, 1 b. 
 
 “Rocky Aulisf promontory, IY. 228, 1 a. 
 
 Rocky Comfort , county seat, X. 532, 1 c. 
 
 Rocky Hill, county seat, X. 488, 1 b. 
 
 Rocky Mount , county seat, YII. 433, 1 c. 
 
 Rocky mountain agates , I. 178, 2 b. 
 
 Rocky mountain bramble, XIY. 209, 2 be. 
 
 Rocky Mountain Locust, XIY. 371. Descrip¬ 
 tion, 2 ab (ill.). Red-legged, 2 c (ill.). Anal 
 characters, 372, 1 a (ill.) ; 373,1 a (ill.). Hab¬ 
 itat and migrations, 372, 1 b. Deposition of 
 eggs, 373,1 a (ill.). Young locust, 1 be (ills.). 
 Their ravages, 2 a. Effects on subsequent 
 vegetation, 374, 1 a. Parasites, 1 ab (ills.). 
 Remedies against the locust, 2 a. 
 
 Rocky Mountains, XIY. 374. Exploring ex¬ 
 peditions, 375, 1. a. Origin and elevation of, 
 2 a. Main chain and its outliers, 2 be. Black 
 Hills and Big Horn ranges, 2 c. Yellow¬ 
 stone region, 376, 1 c. Mountain regions and 
 parks of Colorado, 2 b. Wahsatch range, 
 377, 2 c. Cascade, Coast, and Sierra Nevada 
 ranges, 378, 1 be. General structure and 
 topography, 379, 2 b. Valleys and plateaus, 
 380,1 a. Mineral deposits, 2 a. Timber line, 
 381, 1 a. Fossils, 1 c. Drainage areas, 2 be. 
 
 Rodentia, order of mammals, XIY. 382. Ro¬ 
 dent skull and incisor, 1 be (ill.). Character¬ 
 istics, 2 c. 
 
 Roderio, Yisigothic king of Spain, XIY. 383. 
 
 Rodez [ro-da], city of France, XIY. 383. 
 
 Rodgers, John, American naval officer, XIY. 
 383. 
 
 Rodger's anchor, I. 466, 1 a. 
 
650 
 
 RODIGER 
 
 ROLLIN 
 
 Rodiger, Emil [ro'-de-gher], German oriental¬ 
 ist, XIV. 383. 
 
 Rodman, Gen., artillery improvements of: see 
 Artillery, I. 790, 2 b, 795,1 b, 2 c, ff. ; Can¬ 
 non, III. 708,1 c, ff., 709,1 c, 711, 2 a ; Gun¬ 
 powder, VIII. 331, 1 ab. 
 
 Rodman gun , I. 795, 2 be (ill.); III. 708, 2 c (ill.). 
 Rodman's gunpowder gauge , VIII. 331, la (ill.). 
 Rodney, Ciesar, a signer of the Declaration of 
 Independence, XIV. 383. Caesar Augustus, 
 statesman, 384, 1 be. 
 
 Rodney, George Brydges, baron, English ad¬ 
 miral, XIV. 384. 
 
 Rodosto, castle of (town 60 m. X. E. of Gallip¬ 
 oli), XIV. 191, 2 a. 
 
 Rodrigues, Olinde [ro-dreeg], French socialist, 
 VI. 595, 2 ab. 
 
 Rodriguez, Alfonso [ro-^re'-gaith], Spanish 
 religious author, XIV. 385. 
 
 Rodriguez, Island of; see Mauritius, XI. 
 293, 1 a. 
 
 Rods of Corti , in the inner ear, VIII. 467, 2 a. 
 Roe , of fishes, VII. 239, 1 b. 
 
 Roe: see Buck, III. 385, 1 b, and Roebuck. 
 RoE,AzelStevens,Americannovelist, XIV.385. 
 Roe, Richard , legal fiction, VI. 484, 2 a. 
 Roe'bling, John Augustus, American engineer, 
 XIV. 385; III. 274, 1 c, 2 b. Washington 
 A., III. 274, 1 c. 
 
 Roebuck, European deer, XIV. 385 (ill.). Tar¬ 
 tarian, 386,1 a. American representatives, ib. 
 Roebuck, John Arthur, English politician, XIV. 
 
 386. 
 
 Roemer [ro'-mer], (Ole, 1644-1710, Danish as¬ 
 tronomer royal), on the velocity of light, X. 
 437, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Roermond [roor'-mond], town of the Nether¬ 
 lands, XIV. 386. 
 
 Roeskilde : see Roskilde. 
 
 Rogation Days, XIV. 386; VII. 93, 1 b. 
 Rogations , established by Pope Leo III., X. 
 346, 2 ab. 
 
 Rogenia (ichthyology), XVI. 604, 1 b; VIII. 
 696, 2 b. 
 
 Roger I., count of Sicily, XIV. 386. 
 
 Roger II., king of Sicily, XIV. 386; II. 573, 2 c. 
 Roger, Gustave Ilippolyte [ruli-zha], French 
 singer, XIV. 386. 
 
 Roger, Pierre (Pope Clement VI.), IV. 661, 2 b. 
 Roger, Pierre (Pope Gregory XI.), VIII. 244,2 c. 
 Rogers, Henry, English author, XIV. 387. 
 
 (Born 1806, died 1877.) 
 
 Rogers, James Blythe, American chemist, XIV. 
 
 387. William Barton, physicist, 1 c. Henry 
 
 Darwin, geologist, 2 a. Robert Empie, chem¬ 
 ist, 2 b. 
 
 Rogers, John, English clergyman and martyr, 
 XIV. 387. 
 
 Rogers, John, American sculptor, XIV. 388. 
 
 Rogers, Randolph, sculptor, XIV. 388. 
 
 Rogers, Major (Robert, about 1730-1800, com¬ 
 mander of “Rogers’s Rangers,” and in the 
 revolution of the “ Queen’s Rangers,” tory), 
 VII. 712, 2 c (rock called Rogers’s Leap). 
 
 Rogers, Samuel, English poet, XIV. 388. 
 
 Rogers, Thorold: see Money, XI. 736, 1 a. 
 
 Rogers City, county seat, XIII. 826, 2 a. 
 
 Rogersville, county seat, VIII. 531, 2 a. 
 
 Roget, Peter Mark [ro-zlia/], English author, 
 XIV. 389. 
 
 Roggeveld [rog'-geh-felt], mountains, S. Africa, 
 III. 743, 2 a. 
 
 Rogue river , Oregon, XII. 679, 1 ab. 
 
 Rohan, Benjamin de [ro-a ng ]: see Soubise. 
 
 Rohan, Charlotte de, princess, VI. 597, 1 ab. 
 
 Rohan, Louis Ren6 Edouard, prince de, French 
 cardinal, XIV. 389. 
 
 Rohan- Guemene, prince Charles Alain de [ro- 
 a ng -gum-na], (1764-1836), prince of Bouillon, 
 III. 151, 2 a. 
 
 Rolii, New Zealand religious ceremony, XII. 
 413, 1 a. 
 
 Rohilcund', country in British India, XIV. 389. 
 
 Rohillas: see Rohilcund. 
 
 Rohlfs, Gerhard [roalfs], German traveller, 
 XIV. 389. 
 
 RohVs test for adulterated beer, III. 263, 1 a. 
 
 Roi des bouchers [rwa da boo-sha], IV. 9, 2 c 
 (Carnival). 
 
 Rois faineants [rwa fa-na-a ng ], VII. 379, 1 c; 
 XI. 412, 1 b, and 305, 1 ab ; XIII. 278, 1 be. 
 See Clotaire, IV. 708, 2 b ; Clovis, 717, 2 b. 
 
 Rokitansky, Karl, German physician, XIV. 390. 
 
 Ro'land, paladin, XIV. 390. Song of, 1 c. 
 
 Roland [ruh-la ng ], leader of the Camisards, III. 
 657, 2 b, c. 
 
 Roland de la Platiere, Jean Marie and Marie 
 or Man on Jeanne [diih la pla-tyair], French 
 revolutionists, XIV. 390. 
 
 Rolette, county, XIV. 391. 
 
 Rolfe [rolf], county seat, XIII. 631, 2 a. 
 
 Rolfe y John, husband of Pocahontas, XIII. 631, 
 2 be. Thomas, her son, 632, 1 a. 
 
 Rolee, Robert Monsey: see Cranworth. 
 
 Rolla, county seat, XIII. 386, 1 b. 
 
 Roll-boiling , of wool, XVI. 719, 2 c. 
 
 Rol'lin, Charles [Fr. rul-la ng ], French historian, 
 XIV. 391. 
 
ROLLIN 
 
 ROME 
 
 651 
 
 Rollin', Ledru : see Ledru-Rollin. 
 
 Rolling, resistance to: see Friction, YII. 491,1 a. 
 Rollo : see Northmen, XII. 498, 2 be. 
 
 Rom, Romni, VIII. 356, 1 c (Gypsies). 
 Romagna [ro-ma/-nya], district of, XIII. 40, 2 c. 
 Romagnosi, Gian Domenico [ro-ma-nyo'-ze], 
 Italian jurist and philosopher, XIV. 391 ; 
 
 XIII. 444, 2 ab. 
 
 Roma'io : see Greece, Language and Litera¬ 
 ture of, VIII. 208, 2 be, 210, 1 c. 
 
 Roma la Chica [ro'-ma la che'-ka], (Salamanca), 
 
 XIV. 557, 1 c. 
 
 Romana, Pedro Caro y Sureda, marquis de la 
 [ro-ma'-na], Spanish soldier, XIV. 391 ; II. 
 571, 2 c. 
 
 Roman alum, I. 304, 2 b. 
 
 Roman architecture, I. 658, 2 a. 
 
 Romana rustica, language, IX. 455, 2 b. 
 
 Roman candles: see Pyrotechny, XIV. 117,2 b. 
 Roman Catholic Church, XIV. 392. Doc¬ 
 trines, 1 b. Relation to civil affairs, 395, 
 2 b. Discipline, 2 c. Government, 396, 2 b. 
 Religious orders, 397, 2 c. History, 398,1 a. 
 Origin of the great schism, 399, 2 a; XVI. 
 221, 2 c. Present state of the church, IV. 
 543, 2 b; in America, 544, 1 ab. 
 
 Roman cement, modern, V. 184,1 b. Ancient: 
 see 181, 1 ab. 
 
 Romance' Languages, XIV. 400. First mon¬ 
 ument of, IV. 284, 2 c. 
 
 Romance vulgar [ro-man'-tha vool-gar'], lan¬ 
 guage, XV. 217, 2 be. 
 
 Roman correctors, of the collection of canon 
 
 law, III. 719, 1 b. 
 
 Roman empire: see Rome, XIV. 407, 2 b, ff. 
 
 (map), and Western Empire. 
 
 Roman empire, holy, XIV. 401, 1 b. 
 
 Roman empire of the East: see Byzantine 
 Empire. 
 
 Romanesque architecture, I. 661, 1 b. 
 
 Romania : see Roumelia. 
 
 Romanic languages: see Romance Languages. 
 Roman Law: see Civil Law. Compiled by 
 the decemvirs, character of, III. 755, 1 b. 
 Roman legion, I. 742, lb; 743, 1 a. 
 
 Roman letters, substitution of for Gothic and 
 Italic, I. 387, 1 b. 
 
 Roman liturgy, X. 535,1 a. In French church¬ 
 es, VII. 579, 1 b. 
 
 Roman military system, I. 741, 2 b, ff. 
 
 Romano, Giulio : see Giulio Romano. 
 Roman'off : see Russia, XIV. 491, 1 ab. 
 Roman order, of architecture: see Composite 
 Order. 
 
 “ Roman question: ” see France, VII. 393,1 b. 
 Roman republic, of 1798, IX. 451, 1 ab ; XIV. 
 
 417, 2 a. Of 1849, 2 ab ; XI. 309, 1 a. 
 Romans (Wallachs), XVI. 484, 1 a. 
 
 Romans [ro-ma ng ], poems of the trouveres, VII. 
 403, 2 a. 
 
 Romans, Epistle to the, XIV. 400. 
 
 Romans, King of the, XIV. 401. See Richard 
 Plantagenet. 
 
 Romansh', language, XIV. 401. Referred to, 
 V. 33, 1 b; VI. 597, 1 a. . 
 
 Romantique [ro-ma ng -teek], (architecture), I. 
 666, 1 a. 
 
 Romantzoff: see Rumiantzeff. 
 
 Romanus I., Lecapenus, Byzantine emperor, III. 
 516, 1 a; V. 272, 2 c. II., III. 516, 1 ab. 
 III. (Argyrus), 1 c (poisoned by Zoe). IV., 
 Diogenes, 2 a; VI. 771, 1 b. 
 
 Roman year, commencement of, III. 580, 1 a. 
 Romas [ruh-ma], electrical kite invented by, 
 X. 464, 1 c. 
 
 Rome, city of New York, XIV. 401. 
 
 Rome, city of Georgia, XIV. 401. 
 
 Rome, county seat, VI. 547, 2 b. 
 
 Rome, capital of Italy, XIV. 402. Rome and 
 its vicinity (map), 403. Ancient city, origin 
 of, 402, 1 a. Regal period, 1 c; republican, 
 2 b. Samnite wars, 404, 2 ab. War with 
 Pyrrhus, 405, 1 ab. Punic wars, 1 b, ff. 
 Conquests in Greece and the East, 406, 1 c. 
 The Gracchi, 2 b. Jugurthine war, 407, 1 a. 
 Social or Marsic war, 1 b. Marius and Sulla, 
 ib. Servile war, 1 c. Pompey and Julius 
 Csesar, ib. Empire, 2 be (map).—Conflagra¬ 
 tions in Rome, V. 235, 1 b. Description of 
 ancient Rome, XIV. 409, 1 a. Seven hills, 
 1 ab (plan of, 402). Divisions, 1 c. Walls, 
 ib. Bridges, 2 a, III. 270, 1 c; Pons Sena- 
 torius (or Palatinus), 2 ab (ill.). Streets, 
 XIV. 409, 2 b. Fora, 2 c; forum Roma- 
 num, ib. (see Forum) ; forum of Trajan, 410, 
 
 1 a (ill., 413). Campi, 1 b: see Campus. 
 Houses, ib. Public edifices, 2 a; palaces, 
 
 2 b; curiae, 2 be; basilicas, 411, 1 a; porti¬ 
 coes, 1 b; prisons, 1 be; castra, 1 c; aque¬ 
 ducts : see Aqueduct ; sewers: see Cloacae ; 
 
 1 aths, 2 a: see Bath ; theatres, 2 b; am¬ 
 phitheatres, 2 c: see Amphitheatre; cir¬ 
 cuses: see Circus; temples, 412, 1 a, 415, 
 
 2 ab; temple of Jupiter Capitolinus, 412, 
 1 a, 410, 2 ab: see Capitol ; temples of 
 Venus, 411, 1 a, 412, 1 a, b; Pantheon, 1 c: 
 see Pantheon ; arches, ib. ; of Titus and of 
 Constantine. 2 a, c (ills.); columns, obelisks, 
 
652 
 
 ROME 
 
 ROSAS 
 
 and mausoleums, 413, 1 a; column of Tra¬ 
 jan, ib. (ill.).—Modern Rome, 2 b. Bridges, 
 ib. ; bridge and castle of Sant’ Angelo, 415, 
 
 1 be (ill.). Walls, 2 c. Streets, 414, 1 b. 
 Quarters (rioni), 1 c. Churches, 415, 2 c; 
 St. Peter’s, ib. (ill., 416) : see Cathedral. 
 Palaces, 416, 1 c; Farnese, 415, 1 a (ill., 
 414). Squares (piazzas), 416,1 c; Piazza del 
 Popolo, 414,1 be (ill.). Fountains, 416, 2 be. 
 Catacombs : see Catacombs. Manufactures, 
 &c., 2 c. History, 417, 1 b. 
 
 Rome , king of: see Bonaparte, III. 48,1 b. 
 Rome de Lisle [ruh-ma dub leel], (Jean Baptiste 
 Louis, 1726—’90), mineralogist, XI. 589, 1 b. 
 Rome Triumphant , statue, III. 756, 2 b. 
 
 Rbmer (council house), of Frankfort, VII. 429, 
 
 2 c (ill., 430). 
 
 Rom'illy, Sir Samuel, English jurist, XIV. 418. 
 Ilis acquaintance with Bentham, II. 535, 2 a. 
 John, baron, jurist, XIV. 418, 1 be. 
 
 Romney , county seat, VIII. 430, 2 b. 
 
 Romney, George, English painter, XIV. 418. 
 Romorantin [ro-mo-ra ng -ta ng ], (town 25 m. S. 
 E. of Blois), edict of, against the inquisition, 
 X. 393, 2 c. 
 
 Romuald, St. (950-1027), founder of the Ca- 
 maldules, III. 637, 1 c; XI. 730, 1 ab. 
 Romu'lea , site of, II. 662, 1 b. 
 
 Rom'ulus, legendary founder of Rome, XIV. 
 418. 
 
 Romulus Augustulus: see Western Empire, 
 XVI. 565, 2 a. 
 
 Roncesvai/les [Sp. roan-thace-va'-lyace], ham¬ 
 let of Spain, XIV. 419. Battle of, ib. ; IV. 
 290,1 be: see Roland. Pass of, XII. 178, 2 c. 
 Roncesvaux [ro ng -sa-vo]: see Roncesyalles. 
 Ronda [roan'-tfM], city of Spain, XIV. 419. 
 Rondo, in music, XIV. 419. 
 
 Rondout : see Kingston, X. Y. 
 
 Ronge, Johannes [rung'-eh], German priest, 
 XIV. 419; VII. 736, 1 c. 
 
 Ronger , Florimond [ro Dg -zha]: see Herve. 
 Ronsard, Pierre de [ro ng -sar], French poet, 
 XIV. 419; VII. 404, 2 a. 
 
 Rood screen , of a chancel, IV. 253, 2 b. 
 
 Roof, XIV. 420. Covering, 1 a. Forms and 
 construction, 1 c. Framing, 421, 1 a (ills.). 
 Rook, bird, XIV. 422 (ill.). Rookeries, 1 be. 
 Rooke, Sir George, admiral, XIV. 422. 
 Rookery , XIV. 422, 1 be (Rook). Of seals, 
 734, 1 c. 
 
 “ Rookery' 1 ' 1 of St. Giles's, London, X. 594, 1 b. 
 Rooks, county, XIV. 422. 
 
 Rookum Alum , tomb of, XI. 798, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Root, in botany: see Plant, XIII. 576, 1 c. 
 
 Root hairs, ib. Internal structure, 580, 1 c. 
 Root, in mathematics, XIV. 422. 
 
 Root , of a word, X. 148, 2 b; 150, 1 b. 
 Root-and-branch men, referred to, V. 501, 1 b. 
 Roothaan [ro'-tan], (Johannes van, 1785-1853), 
 general of the Jesuits, IX. 635,1 a; 632, 1 c. 
 Rootlets, of a plant, XIII. 576, 2 ab. 
 
 Rootstock, of a plant, XIII. 577, 2 ab. 
 
 Rope, XIV. 423. Rope making, 2 c. Quality 
 of rope, 425, 2 c. Strength of rope, 426, 
 
 1 b. Hide rope, 2 a. Wire rope, ib. (ills.). 
 Roqueplan, Joseph fitienne Camille [ruk- 
 
 pla ng ], French painter, XIV. 427. 
 
 Roraima, Mt. [ro-rl'-ma], Guiana, VIII. 301,1 a. 
 Rorio Figures, XIV. 427. 
 
 Rorqual, a kind of whale, XIV. 429 (ill.). 
 Rosa (botany), XIV. 433, 1 c. R. alba, 435, 
 
 2 a; Banksise, 1 b; blanda, 433, 2 be; brac- 
 teata, 434, 2 a, VIII. 604, 2 be ; canina, XIV. 
 434, 1 b, 437, 2 a; Carolina, 433, 2 b; cen- 
 tifolia, 435, 2 a, 437, 2 a; cinnamomea, 435, 
 2 a; Damascena, ib. ; eglanteria, 1 c; Gallica, 
 2 a, 437, 1 c; Indica, 435, 2 c, 436, 1 ab, c; 
 laevigata, 434, 1 be; lucida, 433, 2 b; mi- 
 crantha, VI. 452, 2 a; moschata, XIV. 435, 
 
 1 a, 436, 1 be; multiflora, 435, 1 ab; pim- 
 pinellifolia, 1 be; rubiginosa, 434, 1 a (ilk), 
 VI. 452, 1 be (ill.); sempervirens, XIV. 434, 
 
 2 c; setigera, ib., 433, 2 c; sulphurea, 435,1 c. 
 Rosa, nom de plume: see Vertner. 
 
 Rosa, Euphrosyne Parepa [pa-rep'-a ro'-za], 
 English singer, XIV. 430. 
 
 Rosa, Francisco Martinez de la : see Martinez 
 de la Rosa. 
 
 Rosa, Monte, mountain group, Alps, XIV. 431. 
 Rosa, Saint, XIV. 431. 
 
 Rosa, Salvator, Italian painter, XIV. 431; XIL 
 800, 1 b. 
 
 Rosa'cece (botany), XIV. 433, 1 be. 
 
 Rosalia, Santa (died 1160), festival of, XIL 
 821, 1 be. Cave of, 2 a. 
 
 Rosa Maria (rose of Jericho), XIV. 440, 2 b. 
 Rosamond, Lombard queen: see Alboin, I. 
 254, 1 c. 
 
 Rosamond (Fair Rosamond), XIV. 431. 
 
 Rosa mystica (Virgin Mary), XIV. 432, 1 b. 
 Rosaniline [ro-zan'-e-lin], color, VI. 343, 1 a; 
 VIII. 756, 2 b. 
 
 Rosario [ro-sa'-re-o], city of the Argentine Re¬ 
 public, XIV. 431. 
 
 Rosary, form of prayer, &c., XIV. 432. 
 
 Rosas, Juan Manuel de [ro'-sass] : see Argen¬ 
 tine Republic, I. 693, 2 ab. 
 
ROSCELLINUS 
 
 ROSS 
 
 053 
 
 Ro8cellinus (Jean Roscelin, French theologian 
 and philosopher), referred to, XIII. 439, 2 b. 
 
 Rosciier, Wilhelm [ro'-sher], German econo¬ 
 mist, XIV. 432. 
 
 Roscianum : see Rossano. 
 
 Roscius, Quintus, Roman actor, XIV. 432. 
 
 Roscoe, William, English historian, XIV. 432. 
 Robert, writer, 2 b. Thomas, ib. Henry, 2 be. 
 Henry Enfield, chemist, 2 c. 
 
 Roscommon, county of Michigan, XIV. 433. 
 
 Roscommon, county of Ireland, XIV. 433. 
 
 Roscommon, Wentworth Dillon, earl of, Eng¬ 
 lish poet, XIV. 433. 
 
 Rose, plant, XIV. 433. American species, 2 b ; 
 exotic, 2 c (ill., 434, sweetbrier rose). Va¬ 
 rieties, 434, 2 ab ; conversion of stamens into 
 petals, 2 b (ill.). Climbing roses, 2 c. Gar¬ 
 den roses, 435, 1 b. Roses blooming more 
 than once in the season, 2 be. Roses which 
 bloom all the year, 436, 1 ab. Noisette roses, 
 1 b (ill.); tea roses, 1 c. Propagation and 
 cultivation, 2 b. Uses, 437, 1 c. Macartney 
 rose, 434, 2 a; VIII. 604, 2 be. 
 
 Rose , in heraldry, VIII. 673, 2 be. (See plate.) 
 
 Rose , disease: see Erysipelas. 
 
 Rose , houses of the white and red : see York, 
 Duke of. 
 
 Rose, Heinrich [ro'-zeh], German chemist, XIV. 
 437. Gustav, mineralogist, 2 be; his sys¬ 
 tem, XI. 590, 2 a. 
 
 Rose, Hugh James, English author, XIV. 437. 
 Henry John, author, 438, 1 a. 
 
 Rose, St., of Lima: see Rosa, Saint. 
 
 Rose acacia , tree, X. 572, 2 h. 
 
 Rose Bay : see Rhododendron, XIV. 300,1 a. 
 
 Rose Bug, XIV. 438 (ill.). 
 
 Roseburg , county seat, VI. 222, 2 a. 
 
 Rose campion, plant, X. 741, 2 b. 
 
 Rose cold: see Hay Cold. 
 
 Rosecrans, William Starke [ro'-ze-krance], 
 American soldier, XIV. 438. 
 
 Rose fish (Norway haddock), VIII. 368, 1 b. 
 
 Rose Hill cemetery , Macon, Ga., X. 804, 1 a. 
 
 Rose-leaf cutter , bee, II. 459, 1 be (ill.). 
 
 Rosellini, Ippolito [ro-zel-le'-ne], Italian Egyp¬ 
 tologist, XIV. 439. 
 
 Rose mallow: see Hibiscus. 
 
 Rosemary, plant, XIV. 439 (ill.). 
 
 Rosen, Friedrich August, German orientalist, 
 XIV. 439. 
 
 Rosenkranz, Johann Karl Friedrich [ro'-zen- 
 krants], philosopher, XIV. 439. 
 
 Rosenkreuz, Christian [-kroits] : see Rosicru- 
 cians, XIV. 441, 1 c. 
 
 Rosenmuller, Johann Georg, theologian, XIV. 
 
 440. Ernst Friedrich Karl, 1 b. 
 
 Rose of China, VIII. 714, 1 c (Hibiscus). 
 Rose-of-heaven , plant, X. 741, 2 ab. 
 
 Rose op Jericho, plant, XIV. 440 (ill.). 
 
 Rose of Lima , St. : see Rosa, Saint. 
 
 Rose of Sharon : see Hibiscus, VIII. 714, 1 a, 
 and I. 361, 2 c. 
 
 Rose papules, in typhoid fever, VII. 168, 1 be. 
 Rose-root , plant, XIV. 751, 2 c. 
 
 Roses , war of the , VI. 610,1 ab; VIII. 647,1 a; 
 XVI. 789, 2 a. 
 
 Rose-tangle , species of algae, I. 299, 2 b. 
 Rosetta, town of Egypt, XIV. 440. Rosetta 
 stone, 2 c; VI. 474, 2 b; VIII. 423, 2 c; 
 XVI. 796, 2 b. 
 
 Rosettes , in turning, XVI. 74, 1 a, 2 a. 
 
 Rose water , preparation of, XIV. 437, 2 a. 
 
 Rose window, in Gothic architecture, !. 662, 2 a; 
 
 663, 2 c; 664, 2 a. 
 
 Rosewood, XIV. 441. Oil of, 1 b. 
 
 Rosh, earliest trace of the Russian name, IX. 
 567, 1 a. 
 
 Rosicrucians, secret society, XIV. 441. 
 
 Rosin, XIV. 441. Rosin oil, 442, 1 b. 
 
 Rosini, Giovanni [ro-ze'-ne], Italian author, 
 XIV. 442. 
 
 Rosin Weed : see Silphium, XV. 46, 1 c (iih). 
 Roskilde [ros'-kil-deh], town of Denmark, 
 XIV. 442. 
 
 Roskolniks: see Raskolniks. 
 
 Roslyn , Long Lsland , seat of W. C. Bryant at, 
 III. 372, 1 c. Black walnut tree at, XVI. 
 439, 2 c (ill., 440). 
 
 Rosmari'nus (botany), XIV. 439, 1 be. R. offi¬ 
 cinalis, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Rosmini Serbati, Antonio [ros-me'-ne sair- 
 ba'-te], Italian philosopher, XIV. 442. See 
 Moral Philosophy, XI. 815, 1 a; Philoso¬ 
 phy, XIII. 444, 2 be. 
 
 Rosny , baron de [ro-ne]: see Sully, duke of. 
 Rosny, L6on de, French orientalist, XIV. 442. 
 Rosoglio [ro-zo'-lyo], liqueur, X. 320, 1 c ; XVI. 
 806, 2 c. 
 
 Rospigliosi , Giulio [ros-pe-lyo'-ze], (Pope Clem¬ 
 ent IX.), IV. 663, 1 ab. 
 
 Ross, county, XIV. 442. 
 
 Ross, county of Scotland : see Ross and Crom¬ 
 arty. 
 
 Ross, Alexander Milton, Canadian naturalist, 
 XIV. 442. 
 
 Ross, George, a signer of the Declaration of 
 Independence, XIV. 443. 
 
 Ross, Sir John, British navigator, XIV. 443; 
 
654 
 
 ROSS 
 
 ROUND 
 
 I. 670, 1 a, 672, 1 b, 673, 1 b; III. 86, 1 be, 
 87, 1 be. Sir James Clark, navigator, XIY. 
 443, 1 c; I. 543, 2 a, 672, 1 b. 
 
 Ross, John, Cherokee chief, XIV. 443. 
 
 Ross, Sir William Charles, English painter, 
 XIY. 443. 
 
 Ross castle , Ireland, IX. 832, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Ross and Ceom'aety, two counties of Scot¬ 
 land, XIV. 443. 
 
 Rossano [ros-sa'-no], town of Italy, XIY. 444. 
 Rossbach [russ'-ba k h], village of Prussia, and 
 battle, XIY. 444. 
 
 Rosse, William Parsons, earl of, astronomer, 
 XIV.444. Rosse telescope, 1 c; XV. 629,1 ab. 
 Rossel, Louis Nathaniel, French soldier, XIV. 
 
 444; V. 166, 1 b, 2 be, 167, 1 a. 
 
 Rossetti, Gabriele, Italian poet, XIV. 444. 
 Dante Gabriel, English artist, 2 c. Christina 
 Gabriella, poetess, 445, 1 a. 
 
 .Rossi, Countess: see Sontag. 
 
 Rossi, Giovanni Battista de’, Italian archseolo- 
 gist, XIV. 445. 
 
 Rossi, Pellegrino, count, statesman, XIV. 445 ; 
 
 XIII. 561, 1 c, 563, 1 c, 564, 1 b. 
 
 Rossini, Gioacchino [ros-se'-ne], composer, 
 
 XIV. 445 ; XII. 92, 2 a. 
 
 Rosslyn, earl of: see Weddeebuen. 
 
 Rosso antico [an-te'-ko], porphyry,XIII. 719,lb. 
 Rosstrappe [russ'-trap-peh], mountain, Hartz, 
 VIII. 492, 2 c; 493, 2 c. 
 
 Rostan, Louis Leon [rus-ta ng ], French surgeon, 
 XIV. 446. 
 
 Rostock, town of Germany, XIV. 446. 
 Rostoptchin', Fedor, count, Russian soldier, 
 XIV. 446 ; XI. 862, 1 b. 
 
 Rostra Julii: see Rome, XIV. 412, 1 be. 
 Rostrhamus (ornithology), X. 20, 2 a. R. so- 
 ciabilis, ib. 
 
 Rosiceyd, Heribert [ros'-vide], (1569-1629), III. 
 16, 2 be. 
 
 Rot, the, in sheep : see Entozoa, VI. 667, 2 be. 
 Antidote, 671, 1 a. 
 
 Rota, civil court in Rome, V. 265, 1 a. 
 
 Rota, the , political club, VIII. 476, 2 c. 
 
 Rotalia globulosa (ill.), VII. 311, 2 a (Foea- 
 minifeea). R. Boucana (ill.), ib. 
 
 Rotary round machine , knitting, XV. 391,1 be. 
 Rotating table , in metallurgy, XI. 424, 2 a. 
 Rotennu, early race, XI. 415, 2 a. 
 
 Rotgut , slang word, I. 134, 1 a. 
 
 Roth, Rudolf [rote], German orientalist, XIV. 
 447. 
 
 RoraE, Richard [ro'-teh], German theologian, 
 XIV. 447; XI. 807, 2 c. 
 
 RoTnEP.MEL, Peter F. [ro£A'-er-mel], American 
 painter, XIV. 447. 
 
 Rothesay [roth'-sa], town of Scotland, XIV. 
 447. Duke of (title), 2 a. 
 
 Rothmann [rote'-man], (Bernhard), Anabap¬ 
 tist preacher, I. 449, 2 c, 450, 2 ab. 
 
 Roths'child, Mayer Anselm [Ger. rote'-shilt], 
 banker, XIV. 447. Family, 2 b. Lionel 
 Nathan, baron, ib. 
 
 Rotif'eea: see Animalcules, I. 514, 2 c, 517, 
 1 b; VI. 663, 2 ab. 
 
 Rotifers: see Rotifeka (Index). 
 
 Rotom'agus: see Rouen. 
 
 Rotomahana [ro-to-ma-lia'-na], hot lake of 
 New Zealand, VII. 784, 2 c. 
 
 Rotonde [ro-to ng d], of a diligence, IV. 724, 1 a. 
 
 RoTTECK,Karl von, German historian, XIV.447. 
 
 Rotten Roic , Hyde park, XIII. 102, 2 c; X. 
 596, 2 c. 
 
 Rotteedam, city of the Netherlands, XIV. 448. 
 
 “ Rot heap ,” of thorn seeds, XV. 723, 1 a. 
 
 Rouaeie, Armand Taffin, marquis de la [la roo- 
 a-re], French soldier, XIV. 448. 
 
 Roubaix [roo-ba], town of France, XIV. 448. 
 “ Roubaix articles,” 2 b. 
 
 Roubiliac, Louis Fran<?ois[roo-be-le-ak], French 
 sculptor, XIV. 448. 
 
 Rouen [rwa ng ], city of France, XIV. 448. 
 
 Rouge [roozh], cosmetic,XIV. 449. Pigment, 1 c. 
 
 RouGk, Olivier Charles Camille Emmanuel de, 
 viscount [roo-zha], Egyptologist, XIV. 449. 
 
 Rougemont castle , Exeter, Eng., VII. 27, 2 c. 
 
 Rouget [roo-zha], disease, VI. 695, 2 be. 
 
 Rouget, Georges, French painter, XIV. 449. 
 
 Rouget de VIsle [dull leel], (Claude Joseph, 
 1760-1836), author of the Marseillaise hymn, 
 XI. 194, 1 c. 
 
 Rouge et Noie [roozh a nwar], game of chance, 
 XIV. 449. 
 
 Rough and Ready, Old, sobriquet, XV. 596,2 be. 
 
 Rough rein, of anthracite, I. 550, 2 b. 
 
 Rouhee, Eugene [roo-a],French politician,XIV. 
 450; III. 53, 1 be. 
 
 Roulette', game of chance, XIV. 450. 
 
 Roulette, engraving instrument, VI. 653, 1 a. 
 
 Roum : see Seljuks, XIV. 757, 2 c. 
 
 Roumanese: see Romansh. 
 
 Roumania, state of Europe, XIV. 450; I. 
 288, 1 b. See Moldavia, Wallachia, and 
 Wallaciiian Language and Liteeatuee. 
 
 Roumansh: see Romansh. 
 
 Roumei.ia, division of Turkey, XIV. 452. 
 
 Bounce , of a printing press, XIII. 852, 1 b. 
 
 Round , in pugilism, XIV. 74, 1 be. 
 
ROUND 
 
 RUBRIC 
 
 655 
 
 Round , the, in sculpture, XIV. 715, 1 c. 
 
 Round Hill school , Northampton, V. 19, 2 ab. 
 
 Round ligament , of a joint, I. 784, 1 c. 
 
 Round 0 of Arbroath, I. 638, 2 c. 
 
 Round table , legendary: see Arthur, king, and 
 XVI. 655, 2 c. Knights of the, I. 781, 1 be. 
 
 Round topgallant crow's nest , observatory in a 
 ship, invention of, XIV. 696, 1 be. 
 
 Roundle , in heraldry, VIII. 672,2 c. (See plate.) 
 
 Round Worms ; see Entozoa, VI. 668, 1 ab, 
 and I. 804, 1 a. 
 
 Rous, Francis (1579-1659, English republican 
 member of parliament), his version of the 
 Psalms, XIII. 811, 1 a. 
 
 Rouse’s Point, village of New York, XIV. 452. 
 
 Rousseau, Jean Baptiste [roo-so], French poet, 
 XIV. 452. 
 
 Rousseau, Jean Jacques, author, XIV. 452 ; 
 VII. 406, 1 ab. His intimacy with Mine. 
 d’Houdetot, IX. 10, 1 a. Quarrel with 
 Hume, 48, 1 c; XIV. 453, 2 c. His Her¬ 
 mitage, 2 a; XI. 791, 1 b. 
 
 Rousseau , Brig. Gen. Lovell H. (Harrison; 1818- 
 ’69, of Louisville, Ky., lawyer and state leg¬ 
 islator, general in the civil war, and M. C. 
 1865-’7): see Alaska, I. 243, 1 a. 
 
 Rousseau. Philippe, French painter, XIV. 454. 
 
 Rousseau, Theodore, painter, XIV. 454. 
 
 Rousset, Camille Felix Michel [roo-sa], histo¬ 
 rian, XIV. 454. 
 
 Roussillon [roos-se-yo ng ], district of France, 
 XIV. 454. Edict of, X. 394, 1 a. Wines of, 
 VII. 411, 2 b. 
 
 Roussy, Girodet de : see Girodet-Trioson. 
 
 Rouvet, Jean [roo-va], IV. 629, 2 c. 
 
 Rouville [roo-veel'J, county, XIV. 454. 
 
 Rovere, Francesco d'Albescola della [ro-va'-ra] 
 (Pope Sixtus IV.), XV. 73, 2 ab. 
 
 Rover e, Giuliano della (Pope Julius II.), IX. 
 711, 2 b. 
 
 Rovigo fro-ve'-gol, province of Italy, XIV. 
 454. Capital, 2 b. 
 
 Rovigo, Duke of : see Savary. 
 
 Roving , in cotton spinning, V. 411, 2 c. 
 
 Roving , for fish, I. 498, 2 a. 
 
 Rowan [ro-an'J, two counties, XIV. 454. 
 
 Rowan tree [ro'-an], I. 806, 2 c. 
 
 Rowe, Elizabeth, English authoress, XIV. 455. 
 
 Rowe, Nicholas, dramatist, XIV. 455. 
 
 Rowena , Saxon princess, VIII. 636, 1 be. 
 
 Rowing, XIV. 455. In England, 1 c. In 
 America, 456, 1 b. On the European con¬ 
 tinent, 458, 1 a. Training, 1 a; method 
 of, 2 a. Boats, 2 b (ills.). 
 
 Rowlett's tables , XVI. 231, 2 a (Usury). 
 Rowley, William, English dramatist, XIV. 459. 
 Rowley poems: see Ciiatterton, IV. 340, 2 a. 
 Roxana , wife of Alexander'the Great, I. 278, 
 
 1 be, 2 c. Imprisoned by Cassander, IV. 
 61, 1 a; murdered by his order, 1 b. 
 
 Roxborough , county seat, XIII. 329, 2 c. 
 Roxburghshire [rox'-bur-ruh-sher], county of 
 Scotland, XIV. 459. 
 
 Roxbury, former city, Massachusetts, XIV. 459. 
 Roxolani : see Sarmatia, XIV. 634, 1 a, and 
 Russia, 488, 2 ab. 
 
 Roy , pseudonyme, XVI. 644, 1 b. 
 
 Roy, William, British surveyor, XIV. 459. 
 Royal academy of arts, London, X. 606, 1 ab. 
 
 “ Royal African Company of England ,” VIII. 
 88, 1 c. 
 
 Royal Albert ball, London, X. 605, 2 a. 
 
 “ Royal Black Knights of the Camp of Israel" 
 (Orangemen), XII. 667, 1 ab. 
 
 “ Royal chair of Upsal sovereignty so called, 
 VI. 709,1 b. 
 
 Royal exchange , London, VII. 21, 1 ab; X. 
 615, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Royal Fern : see Osmunda. 
 
 Royal institution of Great Britain, X. 605, 1 a. 
 Royal society, London, X. 604, 2 c. Origin of, 
 III. 173, 2 b. 
 
 Roye, James, president of Liberia, X. 399, 2 b. 
 Royer-Collard, Pierre Paul [rwa-ya-kul-lar], 
 French statesman and philosopher, XIV. 
 459. See Philosophy, XIII. 444, 1 b. 
 Ruatan’, island, III. 24, 1 ab. 
 
 Rubber, hard, III. 737, 1 c; 740, 1 a. 
 
 Ru'bellite , mineral, XV. 823, 1 b. 
 
 Ruben, Christoph [roo'-ben], German painter, 
 XIV. 459. 
 
 Rubens, Peter Paul, Flemish painter, XIV. 460. 
 Rubezahl [ru'-beh-tsal], fairy, VII. 65, 1 c. 
 Rubia (botany), I. 321, 1 a. R. tinctorum, lb., 
 X. 815, 2 b; munjista (cordifolia), XII. 44, 
 
 2 ab; peregrina, I. 321, 1 ab. 
 
 Rubianic acid, I. 321, 1 c. 
 
 Ru'bicelle, mineral, XV. 271, 2 b. 
 
 Rubicon, river of Italy, XIV. 461. 
 
 Rubicon game, in piquet, XIII. 538, 1 b. 
 Rubidium, metal, XIV. 461; X. 15, 2 be. 
 Rubies, lord of the, title, XIV. 626, 2 c. 
 Rubini, Giovanni Battista [roo-be'-ne], Italian 
 
 singer, XIV. 461. 
 
 Rubinstein, Anton [roo'-bin-stine], Russian 
 musician, XIV. 461. 
 
 Ruble, Russian coin, XIV. 462 ; 486, 2 c. 
 Rubric, origin of the term, IX. 282, 2 b; XI. 
 
656 
 
 EUBUS 
 
 BUNKERS 
 
 599, 1 a. In the Episcopal prayer book, ex¬ 
 amples of its use, Y. 155, 1 c, 156, 1 b, 2 b. 
 
 Rubus (botany), III. 207, 1 c. R. fruticosus, 
 ib. ; csesius, 2 a (ill.); arcticus, ib. ; Idseus, 
 ib., XIV. 210, 2 a (ill.); strigosns, III. 207, 
 
 2 a ; occidentalis, 2 ab, XIY. 210,1 b ; odo- 
 ratus, 209, 2 b, III. 207, 2 b; villosus, 2 b 
 (ill., 208) ; Canadensis, 2 c; trivialis, 208, 
 
 1 a; Nutkanus, XIY. 209, 2 be; deliciosus, 
 
 2 c; chammmorus, ib. 
 
 Ruby : see Sapphlre, XIY. 626, 1 b, 2 ab. 
 
 Ruby, spinelle , artificial gem, YII. 665, 1 b. 
 
 Eucervus (zoology), Y. 757, 1 c, 2 ab. R. 
 Duvaucellii, 2 b. 
 
 Ruckert, Friedrich, German poet, XIY. 462. 
 
 Rudbeck, Olaus [rood'-bek], (1630-1702, pro¬ 
 fessor at Upsal), claim to the discovery of 
 the lymphatic system of vessels, II. 347, 1 b. 
 
 Rudder , of a ship, XIV. 863, 2 b. 
 
 Rudder Fisn, XIY. 462 (ill.). 
 
 Ruddy goose , XIY. 843, 2 b. 
 
 Rudiger [ru'-de-gher], legendary, XII. 420, 1 a. 
 
 Rudolph I., of Hapsburg, emperor of Germany, 
 XIY. 463. 
 
 RuDOLPn II., emperor of Germany, XIY. 463. 
 
 Rudolph of Swabia: see Henry IV., VIII. 658, 
 2 c, ff. 
 
 Rudolphi (Karl Asmund, 1771-1832, professor 
 in Konigsberg and Berlin), father of helmin¬ 
 thology ( Entozoorum Historia naturalis, 
 1808-G0), referred to, YI. 663, 2 b. 
 
 Rudolphine tables , astronomical, IX. 807, 1 be ; 
 808, 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 Rudolstadt : see Sohwarzburg-Rudolstadt. 
 
 Rudra [roo'-dra], in Hindoo mythology, IX. 224, 
 1 b, be. Rudras, 1 b. 
 
 Rue, plant, XIY. 463. Common (garden) rne, 
 464, 2 b (ill.). Meadow rue, 2 a. 
 
 Rueda, Lope de [roo-a'-£M], (died 1567), Span¬ 
 ish dramatist, XY. 221, 1 b. 
 
 Rufais , howling dervishes, YI. 33, 1 c. 
 
 Ruff, bird, XIY. 464 (ill.). 
 
 Ruffed Grouse : see Grouse, YIII. 271, 2 c. 
 
 Ruffini, Giovanni [roof-fe'-ne], Italian novel¬ 
 ist, XIY. 465. 
 
 Buffo , Cardinal [roof-fo], (Fabrice Dionigi, 
 1744-1827), leader of the Neapolitan royal¬ 
 ists, XH. 220, 2 be. 
 
 Rufinella, villa, YII. 443, 2 a. 
 
 Rufi'nus : see Stilicho. 
 
 Rvfnus (Tyrannius, died 410), theologian, re¬ 
 ferred to, IX. 607, 2 ab, 608, 1 c; XII. 692, 2 c. 
 
 Rufinus , P. Cornelius , senator, YII. 53, 1 a. 
 
 Rufus castle , isle of Portland, XIII. 730, 1 c. 
 
 Rugby, town of England, XIY. 465. Rugby 
 grammar school, ib. 
 
 Ruge, Arnold [roo'-geh], German author, XIY. 
 465. 
 
 Rugen [rii'-ghen], island of Prussia, XIY. 465. 
 Rugians: see Rugen, XIV. 465, 2 b. 
 
 Rukopis Kralodvorsky , Bohemian poems, X. 41, 
 
 1 be. 
 
 Rule , in printing, XIII. 847, 2 c. 
 
 Ruling engine, Rutherfurd's: see Spectrum, 
 XY. 243, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Rum, distilled spirit, XIY. 465. 
 
 Rumbold (Col. Richard, owner of the Rye 
 House, executed 1685), referred to, XIY. 
 476, 2 a. 
 
 Rumelia : see Roumelia. 
 
 Rumen , stomach of ruminants, XIV. 467, 2 c. 
 Rumex (botany), XY. 171,1 c. R. acetosa, ib. 
 
 (ill.). R. acetosella, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Rumford, Benjamin Thompson, count, Ameri¬ 
 can natural philosopher, XIY. 466. Rum- 
 ford professorship in Harvard college, 2 c. 
 Theory of heat, YIII. 568, 1 a. Experi¬ 
 ments on the nature of heat, Y. 378, 1 a ; in 
 regard to friction, YII. 491, 2 be. 
 Rumiantzeff, Petr, count [roo-myan-tsef], 
 Russian general, XIY. 467. 
 
 Rumili [room-e-le'J: see Rottmelia. 
 
 Rum-Ili Eissar', castle, III. 113, 1 b. 
 Rumihuasi [roo-me-wa'-se], post hut of, I. 478, 
 
 2 b (Andes). 
 
 Ruminantia, group of mammals, XIY. 467. 
 
 Stomach of, 2 c (ill., 468); Y. 182, 2 a. 
 Ruminants : see Ruminantia (Index). 
 Rumpling , in wire drawing, XYI. 676, 2 a. 
 Rumsey, James [rum'-ze], American inventor, 
 XIY. 469. 
 
 “ Runaway pond ,” Vermont, XYI. 312, 2 c. 
 Runeberg, Johan Ludvig [roo'-neh-bairg], Swe¬ 
 dish poet, XY. 515, 1 be. (Died 1877.) 
 Runes, ancient graphic system, XIY. 469 (ill.) ; 
 
 IX. 154, 2 a; I. 501, 2 c. 
 
 Range [roong'-eh], (Friedrich Ferdinand, 1795— 
 1867, professor in Breslau), discoverer of 
 carbolic acid, III. 768, 1 b, c, 2 ab. 
 Rungpoor ', Northeast: see Goalpara. 
 Runjeet' Singh, sovereign of the Sikhs, XIV. 
 469. 
 
 Runn of Cutch: see Cutch, Y. 594, 1 c, 2 a. 
 Runnels, county, XIY. 470. 
 
 Runnemede: see Runnymede. 
 
 Runner , millstone, XI. 558, 1 a. 
 
 Runner , of a plant, XIII. 577, 1 be. 
 
 Runners, insects : see Ortiioptera. 
 
RUNNIMEDE 
 
 Runnimcde: see Runnymede. 
 
 Running amuck: see Amuck. 
 
 Run'nymede, place of the signing of Magna 
 Charta, XIV. 470. 
 
 Run-stafas [roon'-sta-fas]: see Runes, XIV. 
 
 469, 2 a. 
 
 Ruona JLeid,‘ Lappish deity, X. 164, 2 b. 
 Rupee', Hindoo coin, V. 31,2 b; IX. 205, 2 ab. 
 Rupert, Prince, English royalist general, XIV. 
 
 470. Inventions attributed to him, 2 c. His 
 management of cavalry, IV. 145, 1 b. 
 
 Rupertsberg [roo'-perts-bairg], II. 645, 1 a. 
 Rupert’s Drops : see Annealing, I. 532, 1 b. 
 Rupert’s Land : see Northwest Territories, 
 XII. 503, 2 c. 
 
 Ruphia, river ; see Alpheus. 
 
 Rupic'ola (ornithology), XI. 88, 1 b. R. cro- 
 cea, 1 c (ill.). R. Peruviana, 2 a. 
 
 Ruppell, Wilhelm Peter Eduard Simon, Ger¬ 
 man traveller, XIV. 470. 
 
 Rupture : see Hernia. 
 
 Rupture (of a solid body), coefficient of, VI. 
 490, 1 b. 
 
 Ruremonde [rur-mo ng d]: see Roermond. 
 
 Rurik : see Russia, XIV. 488, 2 c. 
 
 Rus: see Russia, XIV.488, 2 c,and IX. 567,1 a. 
 Rusa (zoology), V. 757, 1 c, 2 b. R. Aristo- 
 telis, 2 be; equinus, 2 c; hippelaphus, ib. 
 Ruschenberger, William S. W. [roo'-shen-ber- 
 gher], American naturalist, XIV. 471. 
 
 Rusn, in botany, XIV. 471. Sea and sharp 
 rush, 2 a. Common or soft, ib. (ill.). Black 
 grass, 2 ab. Rush lights, 2 c. Bulrush, ib.: 
 see Bulrush. Scouring rushes, 472, 1 a. 
 Rush, two counties, XIV. 472. 
 
 Rush, Benjamin, American physician, XIV. 
 
 472; XVI. 191, 2 b. Richard, statesman, 2 ab. 
 Rushville, county seats, XIV. 472,1 a; 688,1 be. 
 Rushworth, John, English compiler, XIV. 473. 
 Rusichnites [ru'-sik-nites], fossil footprints, VII. 
 342, 2 b. 
 
 Rusk, two counties, XIV. 473. 
 
 RusJc, county seat, IV. 37*7, 2 c. 
 
 Ruskin, John, English author, XIV. 473 ; I. 
 154, 1 b. 
 
 Rusniaks: see Ruthenians. 
 
 Rusoph'ycus, fossil impression, VII. 342, 2 b. 
 Russ, John Denison, American physician, XIV. 
 
 474. 
 
 Russell, four counties, XIV. 474. 
 
 Russell, county of Canada, XIV. 474. 
 
 Russell, county seat, XIV. 474, 2 c. 
 
 Russell, Benjamin, American journalist, XIV. 
 
 475. 
 
 RttSTOW 057 
 
 Russell, John, earl, English statesman, XIV. 
 475. (Died 1878.) 
 
 Russell, John Scott, British engineer, XIV. 
 
 475 ; 858, 2 b, ffi, 859, 2 b. 
 
 Russell, William, lord, English statesman, 
 XIV. 476; II. 449, 1 b. 
 
 Russell, William, Scottish historian, XIV. 477. 
 Russell, William Howard, British journalist, 
 XIV. 477. 
 
 Russellville, county seats, VII. 433, 2 c; X. 
 574, 2 c. 
 
 Russia, empire, XIV. 477. (Map.) Hydrog¬ 
 raphy, 2 be. Topography, 478, 1 be. Ge¬ 
 ology, 2 a. Soil, 2 b. Climate, 2 be. Di¬ 
 visions, area, and population, 479,1 a. Agri¬ 
 culture, 480,1 be. Animals, 2 b. Minerals, 
 481, 1 a. Manufactures, 1 be. Commerce, 
 2 b. Intercommunication, 482, 1 b. Gov¬ 
 ernment, 2 a. Inhabitants, 483, 1 b. Re¬ 
 ligion, 484, 2 a; sects, 485, 1 b. Education, 
 2 c. Penalties and criminal statistics, 486, 
 2 b. Money, measures, &c., 2 c. Finances, 
 
 487, 1 a. Army and navy, 2 b. History, 
 
 488, 2 a. Conquests in Asia, 493, 2 be.— 
 Friendship for the United States: see Gor- 
 tchakoff, VIII. 119, 2 a. Aversion to foreign 
 dictation, ib. Mediation between England 
 and America (1813) declined by England,! 
 I. 101, 1 a. Improvement in internal ad¬ 
 ministration under Alexander II., I. 284, 
 2 a, b ; hereditary priesthood abolished, 2 c. 
 Printing press first introduced, 292, 2 a. 
 
 Russia, Language and Literature of, XIV. 495. 
 Influence of Peter the Great, 496, 2 c; of 
 Elizabeth and Catharine II., 497, 1 b. In 
 the 19th century, 2 b. 
 
 Russia, Little: see Ukraine. 
 
 Russia leather, X. 277, 1 a. 
 
 Russia matting, X. 502, 2 a. 
 
 Russian America : see Alaska. 
 
 Russian-American fur company, I. 242, 2 c. 
 Russins: see Russia, XIV. 483, 1 c. 
 
 Rust, iron, causes and prevention of, IX. 365, 
 2 b. Composition of, 2 c. 
 
 Rust, vegetable: see Mildew, XI. 535, 1 b; 
 
 Fungi, VII. 528, 2 a, 531, 1 b, 532, 2 b. 
 RusTcnuK [roos-chook'], fortified town of Bul¬ 
 garia, XIV. 499. 
 
 Rustics, letters, XI. 134, 1 a. 
 
 Rustige, Heinrich von [roos'-te-g&h], German, 
 painter, XIV. 499. 
 
 Rustow, Wilhelm [rus'-to], German military 
 writer, XIV. 500. Alexander and Ciisar, 
 Prussian officers, 1 b. 
 
 42 
 
658 
 
 RUSTRE 
 
 SABELLIANISM 
 
 Rustre, in heraldry, VIII. 672, 2 c. (See plate.) 
 Rusty grakle , bird, II. 676, 1 b. 
 
 Ruta (botany), XIV. 463, 2 c. R. graveolens, 
 ib. (ill., 464). 
 
 Ruta Baga : see Turnip, XVI. 75, 1 c ; Beet, 
 II. 471, 1 c. 
 
 Ruta'cece (botany), XIV. 464, 1 a. 
 
 Rutgers, Col. Henry [rut'-gherz], (1746-1830, 
 regent of New York state university 1802- 
 ’26), referred to, XIV. 500, 1 c. 
 
 Rutgep.s College, XIV. 500; XII. 309, 2 c. 
 Rutu, Book of, XIV. 500. 
 
 Ruthenians, branch of the Slavs, XIV. 501. 
 
 See Galicia, VII. 564, 2 b, ff. 
 
 Ruthenium, metal, XIV. 501. A new test 
 for it, XV. 152, 1 c. 
 
 RuTHEEFOKD[ru£/i/-er-furd], two counties, XIV. 
 501. 
 
 Rutherfordton , county seat, XIV. 501, 2 ab. 
 Rutherfurd, Lewis M., ruling engine of, XV. 
 243, 1 a (ill.). His photograph of the spec¬ 
 trum, 248, 1 a. His lunar photographs, XI. 
 800, 2 c. 
 
 Ruticilla (ornithology), XIV. 240, 1 c. R. 
 phasnicura, ib. 
 
 Rutile [ru'-til], mineral, XV. 770, 2 c; V. 540, 
 1 a. 
 
 Rutland, county, XIV. 501. 
 
 Rutland, town of Vermont, XIV. 502. 
 Rutlandshire, county of England, XIV. 502. 
 Rutledge , county seats, V. 475,1 a; VIII. 145,1 b. 
 Rutledge, John, American statesman, XIV. 
 
 502. Edward, a signer of the Declaration 
 of Independence, 2 b. 
 
 Rutli : see Grutli. 
 
 Ru'tuli, people of ancient Italy, XIV. 502. 
 
 Ruttari's air warmer, XVI. 455, 2 c. 
 
 Ruyan, root furnishing a red dye, IX. 820, 2 b. 
 
 Ruysdael, Jacob [roice'-dal], Dutch painter, 
 XIV. 502. 
 
 Ruysselede [rois'-sSh-la-deh], town of Bel¬ 
 gium, XIV. 502. Reformatory of, 503,1 a, ff. 
 
 Euyter, Michael Adriaenzoon de [deh roi'-ter], 
 Dutch admiral, XIV. 503. Successful at¬ 
 tack on Chatham, IV. 337, 2 a. 
 
 Ryoaut, Sir Paul: see Ricaut. 
 
 Rye, cereal grain, XIV. 503 (ill., 504). Origin, 
 2 be. Cultivation, 2 c. As green fodder, 
 504, 1 a. As breadstuff, 1 ab, c. Spurred 
 rye, 2 a: see Ergot. 
 
 Rye Grass : see Darnel. 
 
 Rye House jplot, IV. 283, 1 c; XIV. 476, 1 c. 
 Referred to, III. 748, 2 b; IV. 32, 2 c. 
 
 Eyerson, Adolphus Egerton, Canadian clergy¬ 
 man, XIV. 504. 
 
 Ryland, John, English clergyman, XIV. 504. 
 
 Rymer, Thomas, English antiquary, XIV. 505. 
 
 Ryot, Hindoo agriculturist, II. 524, 2 c; IX. 
 206, 1 a. Ryotwar system of land revenue, 
 IX. 205, 2 c; X. 831, 1 a. 
 
 Ryswick [rize'-wik], village of the Netherlands, 
 XIV. 505. Peace of, ib. ; X. 659,1 a; VII. 
 383, 2 c. 
 
 Ryzcena capensis (zoology), XV. 488, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 8 
 
 S, a letter, XIV. 505. In ancient and modern 
 languages, 1 b, ff. As an abbreviation, 2 b. 
 
 Saadi, Sheik Moslih ed-Din [sa'-de], Persian 
 poet, XIV. 505; XIII. 327, 1 a. 
 
 Saadia ben Joseph, Jewish writer, XIV. 506. 
 
 Saarbruck [sar'-briik], town of Rhenish Prus¬ 
 sia, XIV. 506. 
 
 SaarbrucJcen: see Saarbruck. 
 
 Saardam, town of the Netherlands, XIV. 506. 
 
 Saarhard, blood money, II. 738, 1 c. 
 
 Saavedra, Angel de [sa-a-va/-£Ara]: see Rivas. 
 
 Saavedra y Faxardo, Diego : see Faxardo. 
 
 Saba [sa'-ba]: see Arabia, I. 620, 2 be, and 
 Sheba. 
 
 Saba: see Assab. 
 
 Sab'aco, conqueror of Egypt, VI. 463, 1 a, 749, 
 2b; II. 35, 1 c. 
 
 Sabje'ans : see Sheba, and Christians of St. 
 John. 
 
 Sabaism, worship of the heavenly bodies, XIV. 
 506 ; 823, 2 b. 
 
 Sabal palmetto (botany), XIII. 26, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 S. serrulata, 27, 1 a. S. Andersonii, 1 b. 
 Sabbat, assembly of demons and sorcerers, V. 
 795, 1 a; 796, 2 a. 
 
 Sabbatarians: see Seventh Day Baptists. 
 Sabbath, XIV. 506. Sabbath day’s journey, 
 2 ab. Great sabbath, 2 b. Sabbatarian 
 Christians, 2 c. 
 
 Sabbatical year, of the Mosaic law, XIV. 506, 
 2 b; IX. 699, 1 a. 
 
 Sabellianism: see Sabellius, XIV. 506, 2 c, ff. 
 Its chief opponent, 507, 1 b. Spread of the 
 doctrine, ib. ; under other names, 1 be, 
 
SABELLIANS 
 
 SADDLE 
 
 659 
 
 Trinity of offices rather than of persons, 1 c. 
 See Dionysius of Alexandria, VI. 125,1 c; 
 Patripassians ; and Trinity, XV. 869, 2 c. 
 Sabellians : see Sabellius, and Sabellianism 
 (Index). 
 
 Sabellians or Sabines , Latin race, IX. 439, 2 b. 
 Sabellicus , George , VII. 96, 2 a (Faust). 
 Sabellius, ancient sectary, XIV. 506. See 
 Sahellianism (Index). 
 
 Sabine [sa-been'], river of Texas, XIV. 507. 
 
 Lake Sabine, 1 c. 
 
 Sabine, two counties, XIV. 507. 
 
 Sabine, Sir Edward [sab'-in], British physicist, 
 XIV. 507. 
 
 Sabine, Lorenzo, American author, XIV. 507. 
 (Died 1877.) 
 
 Sa'bines, ancient people of Italy, XIV. 508; 
 
 IX. 439, 2 b. 
 
 Sable, animal, XIV. 508 (ill.). American : see 
 Marten. Russian, fur of, VII. 536, 2 a. Hud¬ 
 son bay, fur of, 2 c. French sable, 537, 1 a. 
 Sable Island, Nova Scotia, XIV. 508. 
 
 Sabot [sa-bo], wooden shoe, XIV. 874, 1 c. 
 
 Sac [sawk], county, XIV. 508. 
 
 Sacalius (zoology), IX. 481, 1 b. 
 
 Sacapa : see Zaoapa. 
 
 Sacasta'ne : see Seistan. 
 
 Saccas, surname, I. 429, 1 ab. 
 
 Saccata [sak-ka'-ta], Tuscan acre, I. 72, 2 c. 
 Sacca'ta (mollusca), XI. 721, 1 ab. 
 
 Saccatoo : see Sackatoo. 
 
 Saccharim!etry , XV. 442, 1 ab. Saccharime- 
 ter, 1 b. Soleil’s, 2 c (ill., 443). 
 Saccharometer , XV. 442, 1 b; III. 260, 2 b; 
 
 X. 450, 2 a. Introduction of, II. 244, 1 c. 
 Saccharomy'ces (botany), XVI. 775, 2 b. S. 
 
 cerevisue, 2 c. Other species, 776, 777 (ills.). 
 Sac'charose , XV. 441, 1 be (Sugar). 
 Saccharumofzcina'le (botany), XV.444,1 a (ill.). 
 Sacchini, Antonio Maria Gasparo [sak-ke'-ne], 
 Italian composer, XIV. 508. 
 
 Sac City , county seat, XIV. 508, 2 c. 
 
 Sachet [sa-slia'J, scent bag, X. 215, 2 c. 
 Sacheverell, Henry [sa-shev'-er-el], English 
 clergyman, XIV. 509. Referred to, I. 531,2 a. 
 His defence by Samuel Wesley, XVI. 556, 2 a. 
 Saoiis, Hans [hance zaks], German poet, XIV. 
 
 509 ; VII. 764, 2 c. 
 
 Sachsen [zaks'-en]: see Saxony. 
 
 Sack, cutting instrument: see Slate, XV.88,1 c. 
 Sack, a Spanish wine, referred to, XV. 225,1 c. 
 Sackatoo', Foolah monarchy, XIV. 509. Capi¬ 
 tal city, 2 b ; I. 170, 2 a. 
 
 Sackbut, wind instrument, XIV. 509. 
 
 Sackett’s Harbor, village of New York, XIV. 
 509. 
 
 Sackville, Thomas, earl of Dorset, English 
 statesman, XIV. 510. Charles, earl of Dor¬ 
 set, courtier, 1 b. George, viscount, soldier 
 and statesman, 1 be. 
 
 Saco [saw'-ko], river of New England,XIV.510. 
 Saco, city of Maine, XIV. 510. 
 
 Saco and Monhegan, first permanent English 
 settlements in Maine, XVI. 151, 1 b. 
 
 Sacram anchor am solvere, proverb, I. 464, 2 b. 
 Sacrament, in Christian theology, XIV. 510. 
 The sacraments in the Latin and Greek 
 churches, 511, 1 a. In the church of Eng¬ 
 land, 1 b. In Lutheran churches, 1 be; con¬ 
 troversy between Lutheran and Reformed, 
 ib. Efficacy or operation of, 1 c. Among 
 the Friends, &c., ib. See Roman Catholic 
 Church, 393, 2 b. 
 
 “ Sacrament of the altar f in Luther’s cate¬ 
 chism, X. 638, 1 a. 
 
 Sacrament of order, XII. 676, 2 b (Ordination). 
 Sacramental offices, X. 534, 2 ab (Liturgy). 
 Sacramentarians, religious faction, III.796,2ab. 
 #acram<mtaries,liturgicalformularies,X.534,2b. 
 Sacramento, river of California, XIV. 511. 
 Sacramento, county, XIV. 511. 
 
 Sacramento, capital of California, XIV. 511. 
 State capitol, 512, 1 a (ill.). Climate, ib. 
 Intercommunication, ib. Education, 2 a. 
 History, 2 b. 
 
 Sacred bean (water lily), XVI. 504, 1 b. 
 
 Sacred fire, cutaneous disease, I. 548, 1 b. 
 Sacred Heart, Ladies of the, XIV. 513. 
 
 Schools of the, 1 c; VII. 583, 1 b. 
 
 Sacred Heart of Jesus, originator of the fes¬ 
 tival of the, I. 235, 1 b. 
 
 Sacred isle (Tongataboo), VII. 492, 2 c. 
 
 Sacred wars, of Greece, I. 438, 2 b. First, 2 be; 
 V. 784, 2 b. Second, I. 438, 2 c ; V. 784, 2 c; 
 XIII. 451, 2 c; VIII. 197, 2 c. 
 
 Sacri: see Fasti, VII. 93, 2 a. 
 
 Sacrilege, proposed law of, in France, XIV. 
 459, 2 be. 
 
 Sacro catino [sa'-kro ka-te'-no], VII. 675, 1 c. 
 Sacro-sciatic notches (anatomy), XIII. 241, 2 b. 
 Sacrum (anatomy), XIII. 241, 1 b. 
 
 Sacs, Indian tribe, XIV. 513. See Foxes. 
 Sacy, Antoine Isaac Sylvestre de, baron [duh 
 sa-se], French orientalist, XIV. 514. Samuel 
 Ustazade Sylvestre de, author, 1 b. 
 
 Sadakah, Moslem alms, XI. 698, 2 a. 
 
 Saddle, in coal mines, V. 67, 1 a. 
 
 Saddle mountain, Massachusetts, I. 82, 2 a. 
 
660 
 
 SADDUCEES 
 
 SAINT ALBANS 
 
 Sadducees, Jewish sect, XIV.514; XIII. 381, 2c. 
 Sade (Laure (le), [lore dull sad]: see Peteaech, 
 XIII. 363, 2 c. 
 
 Sadi : see Saadi. 
 
 Sadlee, Sir Ralph,English statesman, XIV.514. 
 Sadler , Thomas , on political economy, XIII. 
 670, 1 be. 
 
 Sadliee, Mary Anne (Madden), American au¬ 
 thoress, XIV. 514. 
 
 Sado [sa'-do], island of Japan, XIV. 514. 
 Sadoleto, Jacopo [sa-do-la'-to], Italian eccle¬ 
 siastic, XIV. 515. Referred to, X. 347, 1 e. 
 Sadowa [sa'-do-va], village of Bohemia, XIV. 
 
 515. Battle of, or of Koniggratz, 2 a. 
 
 Safe, box or closet for valuables, XIV. 515. 
 Safeguard , lizard, XI. 749, 1 c. 
 
 Safe load , for flooring beams, II. 416,1 a ; rule 
 for, ib. 
 
 Safety Lamp : see Lamp, X. 130, 2 b. 
 
 Saffi, seaport of Morocco, XIV. 516. 
 
 Safflor , potters’ material, IV. 767, 1 c. 
 Safflowee, dyeing material and plant, XIV. 
 
 516 (ill.) ; VIII. 450, 2 c. 
 
 Saffoed, Truman Henry, American mathema¬ 
 tician, XIV. 516. 
 
 Saffeon, drug, XIV. 517 (ill., saffron crocus). 
 Bastard, or dyer’s, 516, 1 b. Hay saffron 
 and cake saffron, 517, 2 a. Adulteration 
 of, 2 b ; penalties for, ib. Uses, 2 be. 
 
 Saga [sa'-ga], city of Japan, XIV. 517. 
 
 Saga, Scandinavian goddess of poetry, XII. 
 119, 2 c; daughter of Odin, 581, 1 ab. In 
 Icelandic literature, IX. 155, 2 a, ff. 
 Sagadahoc', county, XIV. 518. 
 
 Sagan [za'-gan], town of Prussia, XIV. 518. 
 
 Principality, 1 b. Duchess of, II. 662, 1 a. 
 Sagape'num, a gum resin, XIV. 518; VIII. 
 321, 2 c. 
 
 Sage, plant, XIV. 518. Garden sage, 2 b (ill.). 
 Medicinal and culinary use, 2 be; XV. 599, 
 1 b. Scarlet sage, &c., XIV. 519, 1 a. 
 
 Sage, Antoine Ren6 le : see Le Sage. 
 
 Sage Bush : see Aetemisia, I. 774, 1 a. 
 
 Sage college of Cornell university , V. 367, 1 a. 
 Sage cock , fowl, VIII. 271, 1 ab. 
 
 Sdgert [za'-ghert], his labors for improvement 
 of idiots, IX. 172, 2 a. 
 
 Sageville , county seat, VIII. 413, 1 a. 
 
 Sagging , of a ship, XIV. 861, 1 b. 
 
 Saghalien [sa-ga-le'-en], island of Russia, XIV. 
 519. 
 
 Saghalien , river : see Amooe. 
 
 Saghalin [sa-ga-leen']: see Saghalien. 
 
 Sag Haeboe, port of New York, XIV. 519. 
 
 Sag'inaw, river of Michigan, XIV. 520. 
 Saginaw, county, XIV. 520. 
 
 Saginaw, city of Michigan, XIV. 520. Origin 
 of the name, VII. 362, 1 c. 
 
 Saginaw, East: see East Saginaw. 
 
 Saginaw Bay : see Hueon, Lake, IX. 78, 2 b. 
 Saginaw City : see Saginaw. 
 
 Sago, starch, XIV. 520. Sago palm, 2 a, c 
 (ill.) ; of Ceram, IV. 208, 2 a. 
 
 Sagoskin : see Zagoskin. 
 
 Sa-go-ye-wat-ha: see Red Jacket. 
 
 Saguache [sa-gwa'-cheh], county, XIV. 521. 
 Capital, 2 a. 
 
 Saguenay [sa'-guh-na], river of Canada, XIV. 
 521. 
 
 Saguenay, county, XIV. 521. 
 
 Saguntum, ancient town of Spain, XIV. 521. 
 
 Siege of, VIII. 442, 1 be. 
 
 Saguntus: see Saguntum. 
 
 Sagus Ihimphii (botany), XIV. 520, 2 c (ill.). 
 S. lsevis, ib. 
 
 Sahap'tins, N. American Indians, XIV. 521. 
 Sahaea [sa-ha'-ra], the great desert, XIV. 522 ; 
 I. 165, 1 b, c. Allusion to, 163, 2 c. Oases, 
 165, 1 c: see Oasis. Artesian wells in the 
 Sahara, I. 776, 1 a. 
 
 Sahel: see Sahaea, XIV. 522, 1 c, 523, 1 a; 
 Afeica, I. 165, 1 c. 
 
 Sahidic version of the Scriptures: see Thebaic 
 (Index). 
 
 Sahwatch range , Rocky mountains, XIV. 376, 
 2 c; V. 100, 1 b (Sawatch). 
 
 Saida [si'-da], town of Syria, XIV. 523 (view). 
 Ruins of Sidon, 2 a. 
 
 Said Pasha [sa-eed' pa-sha'], viceroy : see 
 Egypt, VI. 467, 2 ab. 
 
 Saigon [sl-gon'], city of Further India, XIV. 523. 
 Saigun [si-gun']: see Saigon. 
 
 Saikio [si'-ke-o], X. 13, 2 c (Kioto). 
 
 Sail: see Ship, XIV. 865, 2 c, ff. 
 
 Sail fish, XIV. 829, 1 b. 
 
 Sailing: see Navigation, and Ship, XIV. 
 866, 2 a. 
 
 Sailor plant, XIV. 657,1 a. 
 
 Sailors, patroness of (St. Barbara), II. 297, 2 b. 
 Sailors' 1 purse, egg case, XIV. 221, 2 b; 826, 2 c. 
 Sailors ’ Nm/^LTar5{>r,StatenIsland,XV .323,2bc. 
 Saimiei [sl-me'-re]: see Monkey, XI. 751, 2 a. 
 Sain'foin [Fr. sa ng -fwa ng ], a fodder plant, XIV. 
 
 523 (ill., 524). 
 
 Saint: see Canonization. 
 
 Saint AbVs Head, referred to, II. 588, 1 a. 
 Saint Albans, town of Vermont, XIV. 524. 
 Raid of, X. 497, 2 be. 
 
SAINT ALBANS 
 
 SAINT-fiVREMOND 
 
 661 
 
 Saint Albans, town of England, XIY. 524. 
 Origin of, I. 243, 2 b. 
 
 Saint Albans, Harriet Mellon, duchess of, 
 XIY. 524. 
 
 Saint Andrews, city of Scotland, XIY. 524. 
 University, 2 be. Archbishop of: see Bea¬ 
 ton, David. 
 
 Saint Andrews, New Brunswick, XIY. 524. 
 Saint Andrews , county seat, IY. 320, 2 b. 
 Saint Ann's (Fredericton), YII. 467, 1 a. 
 
 Saint Anthony, Minn.: see Minneapolis. 
 Saint Anthony, catacombs of Kiev, IX. 830,1 b. 
 Saint Anthony,monks of I. 726,1 a; XI. 729,1c. 
 Saint Anthony’s Fire : see Erysipelas, and I. 
 548, 1 b. 
 
 Saint-Arnattd : see Leroy de Saint-Arnaud. 
 Saint Athanase [Fr. sa ng t^-ta-naz], county seat, 
 
 IX. 142, 1 c. 
 
 Saint Aubin: see Bernhard, Karl. 
 
 Saint-A ubin, Horace de [o-ras duh sa ng -to-ba ng ], 
 nom de plume, II. 259, 1 a. 
 
 Saint Augustine, city of Florida, XIY. 525. 
 First permanent settlement in the present 
 United States, XYI. 150, 1 be. 
 
 Saint Augustine type , form of letter, I. 387,1 b. 
 Saint Bartholomew, island, XIY. 525. 
 
 Saint Bartholomew, Massacre of: see Bar¬ 
 tholomew, Saint. 
 
 Saint Bartholomew''s fair, London, YII. 58, 2 a. 
 Saint Bartholomew''s hospital, X. 601, 1 c. 
 Saint Bernard, parish of Louisiana, XIY. 525. 
 Saint Bernard, county seat, XIY. 525, 2 b. 
 Saint Bernard, Great, mountain pass, XIY. 
 
 525. Monastery, 2 c. Little, 526, 1 a. 
 Saint Brandon, island of, XI. 293, 1 ab. 
 Saint-Brieuo [sa ng -bre-uk], town of France, 
 XIY. 526. 
 
 Saint Catharines, town of Canada, XIY. 526. 
 Saint Charles, two counties, XIV. 526. 
 
 Saint Charles, city of Missouri, XIY. 526. 
 Saint Charles, county seat, XIY. 311, 2 a. 
 Saint Christopher, island, XIY. 526. 
 
 Saint Clair, lake, XIY. 527. 
 
 Saint Clair, four counties, XIY. 527. 
 
 Saint Clair, borough, Pennsylvania, XIY. 527. 
 Saint Clair, city of Michigan, XIY. 527. 
 Saint Clair, Arthur, American general, XIY. 
 528. 
 
 Saint Clairsville, county seat, II. 509,1 c. 
 Saint Cloud, city of Minnesota, XIY. 528. 
 Saint-Cloud [sa ng -kloo], town of France, XIY. 
 528. Palace, 2 a. 
 
 Saint Croix [kroi], or Passamaquoddy, river, 
 XIY. 528. River of Wisconsin, 2 b. 
 
 Saint Croix, county, XIY. 528. 
 
 Saint Croix, island: see Santa Cruz, XIY. 
 618, 1 a. 
 
 Saint Cuthberfs beads: see Encrinite, YI. 
 
 593, 1 c, and Bead, II. 412, 2 c. 
 
 Saint-Cyr [sa ng -seer], village near Paris, XIY. 
 
 529. School of, XI. 537, 2 c. 
 
 Saint-Cyr, Laurent Gouvion : see Gouvion 
 Saint-Cyr. 
 
 Saint-Denis [-duh-ne], town of France, XIY. 
 
 529. Fair of, VII. 58, 1 a, 2 c. 
 
 Saint Dionysius the Areopagite, society of, YII. 
 553, 1 c. 
 
 Saint Domingo: see IIayti, and Santo Do¬ 
 mingo. 
 
 Saint Doulough's church, Ireland, IX. 355, 1 c. 
 Sainte-Aldegonde : see Aldegonde. 
 Sainte-Beuve, Charles Augustin [sa ng t-buvj, 
 French author, XIV. 529. Referred to, III. 
 29, 2 c. On Chateaubriand’s political life, 
 IY. 333, 1 c. 
 
 Sainte-Claire Deville : see Deville, and X. 
 436, 1 a. 
 
 Sainte Croix, church 0/[sa ng t krwa]: see Saint- 
 Lo. 
 
 Sainte Croix, Gaudin de, lover of Mme. do 
 Brinvilliers, III. 290, 1 ab. 
 
 Saint Edmund's Bury : see Bury St. Edmund’s. 
 Sainte Genevieve, county, XIY. 529. 
 
 Sainte Genevieve, county seat, XIY. 529, 2 c. 
 Saint Elbes : see Setubal. 
 
 Saint Elias, Mount, XIY. 529; I. 241, 1 a. 
 Saint-Elme, Ida [sa ng -telm], nom de plume, 
 XIY. 530. 
 
 Saint Elmo's fire, electrical phenomenon, XI. 
 355, 1 a. 
 
 Sainte Helene, Jacques le Moyne, sieur de [sa ng - 
 ta-lain], X. 338, 1 c. 
 
 Sainte-Marguerite [sa ng t-mar-guh-reet], isl¬ 
 and: see Lerins, Islands of, X. 364, 1 a. 
 State prison of, ib. 
 
 Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines [-ma-re-o-meen]: see 
 Markirch. 
 
 Sainte Marie de Monnoir [duh miih-nwar], 
 county seat, XIY. 454, 2 ab. 
 
 Sainte Martine [mar-teen], county seat, IY. 
 334, 2 b. 
 
 Sainte Bose, county seat, X. 213, 1 b. 
 
 Saintes [sa ng t], town of France, XIY. 530. 
 Sainte Scholastique, county seat, XYI. 87, 2 a. 
 Saint-Etienne [sa ng -ta-tyen], town of France, 
 XIY. 530. 
 
 Saint Eustatius, island,West Indies, XIY. 530. 
 Saint-£vremond, Charles de Marguetel de 
 
062 
 
 SAINT FAITH’S FAIR 
 
 SAINT LAWRENCE 
 
 Saint-Denis, seigneur de [sa ng -ta-vruh-mo ng ], 
 French author, XIY. 530; X. 340, 2 b. 
 
 Saint Faith's fair, near Norwich, England, 
 VII. 58, 2 a. 
 
 Saint Francis, county, XIY. 530. 
 
 Saint Francis, hermits of establishment of the 
 order, YII. 424, 1 c. 
 
 Saint Francis , penitents of the third order of 
 YII. 427, 1 a. 
 
 Saint Francis Riyer : see Arkansas, I. 714. 
 
 Saint Francisville , county seat, XYI. 566, 1 a. 
 
 Saint Franqois [fran'-sis], county, XIY. 531. 
 
 Saint Gall, canton of Switzerland, XIY. 531. 
 Capital, 1 c. 
 
 Saint Gall, hospital of XII. 579, 2 c. 
 
 SaintGeorge, county seats, XVI. 22, 2 c; 476, 2 a. 
 
 Saint George, the chevalier , I. 531, 1 c, 2 b. 
 
 Saint George da Mina : see Elmina. 
 
 Saint George's arm (Hellespont), YII. 712,1 ab. 
 
 Saint George's church , London, X. 598, 2 ab. 
 
 Saint-Germain, or St. Germain-en-Laye [sa ng - 
 zhair-ma ng -na ng -la], town of France, XIY. 
 531. Peace of, IX. 37, 2 b. Treaty of, YII. 
 454, 1 ab. 
 
 Saint-Germain, count de, adventurer, XIY. 
 531. Referred to, IY. 48, 2 c (Casanova). 
 
 Saint Gertrude,church c/^Nivelles, XII.469,2 a. 
 
 Saint Giles's, London, X. 594, 1 b. 
 
 Saint Giles's Greek, gypsy slang, XY. 85, 2 b. 
 
 Saint-Gilles wines [sa ng -zheel], VII. 411, 2 c. 
 
 Saint Got'hard : see Alps, I. 352,1 ab. Pass 
 of, 354, 2 a. Railroad, ib. Tunnel, XYI. 
 34, 2 c. 
 
 Saint Hele'na, parish of Louisiana, XIY. 531. 
 
 Saint Helena, island of the S. Atlantic, XIY. 
 531. Longwood, 532, 1 ab; Napoleon’s 
 house, &c., 1 c. 
 
 Saint Helens, county seat, Y. 117, 1 b. 
 
 Saint-Helier [Fr. sa ng -ta-lya], capital of Jersey, 
 XIY. 532. 
 
 Saint-Hilaire, Auguste de [sa ng -te-lair], French 
 botanist, XIY. 532. 
 
 Saint-Hilaire, Geotfroy: see Geoffroy Saint- 
 Hilaire. 
 
 Saint-Hilaire, Jules : see Bartiielemy-Saint- 
 Hilaire. 
 
 Saint-Hilaire, Marco de (pseudonyme), French 
 writer, XIY. 532. 
 
 Saint Hubert's breed, of hounds, II. 737, 1 b. 
 
 Saint Hy'acinthe [Fr. sa ng -te-a-sa ng t], county 
 of Canada, XIY. 532. Capital city, 2 c. 
 
 Saintine [sa ng -teen], (pseudonyme), French 
 author, XIY. 533. 
 
 Saint James, parish of Louisiana, XIY. 533. 
 
 Saint James, county seats, IY. 166, 1 c; XI. 
 115, 1 c. 
 
 Saint James's palace, London, X. 609, 1 b. 
 Saint James'8 park, London, X. 597, 1 ab; 
 XIII. 103, 1 ab. 
 
 Saint Jean d’Acre : see Acre. 
 
 Saint Jerome, county seat, XV. 662, 1 c. 
 
 Saint John, river of N. America, XIY. 533. 
 Saint John, lake: see Quebec, XIY. 135, 1 c. 
 Saint John, county of New Brunswick, XIY. 
 533. 
 
 Saint John, city of New Brunswick, XIY. 533. 
 
 Town of Portland, 2 c. 
 
 Saint John, Henry: see Bolingbroke. 
 
 Saint John, James Augustus, English author, 
 XIY. 534. Percy Bolingbroke, author, 2 c. 
 Bayle, traveller, ib. Spenser, 535,1 a. Hor¬ 
 ace Roscoe, 1 ab. 
 
 Saint John of Jerusalem, Knights Hospitallers 
 of the Order of, XIY. 535. 
 
 Saint John’s, county of Florida, XIY. 536. 
 Saint Johns, county of Canada, XIY. 536. 
 Saint John’s, city of Newfoundland, XIY. 536. 
 Saint Johns, town of Canada, XIY. 537. 
 Saint Johnsbury, town of Vermont, XIY. 538. 
 Saint John's college: see Fordiiam, YII. 315, 
 2 b, and IX. 33, 2 c. 
 
 Saint John's collegiate church , Chester, Eng., 
 IY. 389, 1 a. 
 
 Saint John'8 dance, nervous malady, Y. 796,1 c. 
 Saint John's island (now Prince Edward), 
 XIII. 841, 2 ab. 
 
 Saint John’s River : seeFLORiDA, YII. 280,1 be. 
 Saint John the Baptist, parish of Louisiana, 
 XIY. 537. 
 
 Saint Joseph, two counties, XIY. 538. 
 
 Saint Joseph, river of Michigan and Indiana, 
 XIY. 538. 
 
 Saint Joseph, city of Missouri, XIY. 538. 
 Saint Joseph, county seats, II. 424, 1 a; XY. 
 652, 1 c. 
 
 Saint Joseph’s River : see Saint Joseph. 
 Saint Joseph's Society of the Sacred Heart for 
 Foreign Missions, XII. 565, 1 b. 
 
 Saint-Just, Antoine Louis Leon de [sa ng -zhiist], 
 French revolutionist, XIY. 539. 
 
 Saint Kitts, island : see Saint Christopher. 
 Saint-Lambert, Jean Francois de [sa ng -la ng - 
 bair], French poet, XIY. 539. Connection 
 with Mine. d’Houdetot, IX. 9, 2 c. 
 
 Saint Landry, parish of Louisiana, XIY. 539. 
 Saint Lawrence, river and gulf, XIY. 539. 
 
 Right of navigation in, X. 224, 1 c. 
 
 Saint Lawrence, county, XIY. 540. 
 
SAINT-LAZARE 
 
 SAINT-PIERRE 
 
 663 
 
 Saint-Lazare fair [sa ng -la-zar], YII. 58, 1 a, 2 c. 
 Saint Lazarus, order of X. 362, 1 b. 
 
 Saint Leger , the , race, XYI. 50, 1 a (Turf). 
 Saint Leonards, Edward Burtenshaw Sugden, 
 baron f English jurist, XIV. 540. 
 
 Saint Leu [sa ng ltih], domain of (and duchy), III. 
 
 32, 2 b. Count St. Leu, assumed name, 2 a. 
 Saint-L6 [sa ng -lo], town of France, XIY. 540. 
 Saint Louis [loo'-is or loo'-e], two counties, 
 XIY. 541. 
 
 Saint Louis, city of Missouri, XIY. 541. De¬ 
 scription, 2 ab. Public buildings, 2 be; court 
 house.. (ill., 542). East St. Louis, 542, 2 a. 
 Railroads, 2 b. Trade and industries, 2 c. 
 Banks, &c., 544, 2 c. Government, &c., 545, 
 1 a. Education, 2 ab. History, 546, 2 a. 
 Saint Louis river , Minnesota, XI. 603, 2 c. 
 Saint Lucia [loo-se'-a], island, XIY. 546. 
 Saint-Malo [sa ng -ma-lo], town of France, XIY. 
 547. 
 
 Saint-Maro Girardin: see Girardin, Marc. 
 Saint Marie, church of: see Venice, XYI. 297, 
 1 a. Mosaics in it, XI. 857, 2 ab. Republic 
 of, XYI. 299, 1 c. Lion of, 298, 1 c. St. 
 Mark’s place, 296, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Saint Martin, parish of Louisiana, XIY. 547. 
 Saint Martin, island, Indian archipelago, XIY. 
 547. 
 
 Saint Martin, Alexis: see Beaumont, "Wil¬ 
 liam, Dietetics, and Digestion. 
 Saint-Martin, Louis Claude, marquis de [sa ng - 
 mar-ta ng ], French metaphysician, XIY. 547. 
 Saint Martin-in-the-Fields , church, London, 
 X. 598, 2 ab. 
 
 Saint Martinsville , county seat, XIY. 547,1 be. 
 Saint Mary, parish of Louisiana, XIY. 547. 
 Saint Mary-le-Bow , church, X. 598, 1 c. 
 
 Saint Mary-le-Savoy, church, X. 598, 1 be. 
 Saint Mary Magdalene, church of, XII. 273,1 b. 
 Saint Mary’s, county, XIY. 547. 
 
 Saint Mary's, county seat, XIII. 608, 2 c. 
 
 St. Mary's of Donnybroolc : see Donnybrook. 
 Saint Mary's river, Florida, YII. 280, 2 a. 
 Saint Mary's ship canal, XI. 501, 1 a. 
 
 Saint Mary’s Strait, or River, XIY. 547. 
 Saint-Maur, Congregation of [sa ng -more], 
 (named from St. Maurus, a disciple of St. 
 Benedict and reformer of his order, died 
 584), XIY. 548. Its editions of the Greek 
 and Latin fathers referred to, ib. 
 
 Saint Maurice [Fr. sa ng mo-reece], river of 
 Canada, XIY. 548. 
 
 Saint Maurice, county of Canada, XIY. 548. 
 Saint Mawes castle, YII. 76, 2 c (Falmouth). 
 
 Saint Michael, island of the Azores, XIY. 548. 
 Saint Moritz, Swiss watering place, XIY. 548. 
 Saint-Nazaire [sa ng -na-zair], town of France, 
 XIY. 548. 
 
 Saint-Nicolas [-ne-ko-la], Belgium, XIY. 548. 
 Saint-Omer [sa ng -to-mair], France, XIY. 548. 
 Saint Patrick: see Patrick, Saint. Holy 
 wells of, YI. 236, 2 a. Purgatory of, 32, 
 1 a (twice). Cathedral of, Dublin, 281, 1 c ; 
 New York, IY. 119, 2 be, XII. 379, 2 a (ill., 
 380). College of, XI. 303, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Saint Paul, capital of Minnesota, XIY. 548 
 (view). Intercommunication and commerce, 
 
 549, 1 ab. Banks, 2 ab. Education, 2 c. 
 Religious organizations, 550,1 a. History, ib. 
 
 Saint Paul de Loanda, city of Angola, XIY. 
 
 550. 
 
 Saint Paul's, cathedral, London, IY. 119, 2 a; 
 X. 599,1 c (ill.) ; XYI. 735, 2 c (Wren). St. 
 Paul’s churchyard, X. 594, 1 c. St. Paul’s 
 school, 604, 1 c ; Y. 52, 2 be (Colet, John). 
 Monastery of, Y. 625, 1 b. 
 
 Saint-Peray, wines o / [sa ng -pa-ra], Y11. 412,1 ab. 
 Saint Peter, city of Minnesota, XIY. 550. 
 Saint Peter and Saint Paul, church of, at St. 
 Petersburg, XIY. 551, 1 c. Cathedral of, at 
 Philadelphia, IY. 119, 2 b. 
 
 Saint Peter's church, Rome, IY. 117, 2 ab; 
 XIY. 415, 2 c (ills., 415, 416). Original de¬ 
 signs and architect, III. 207, 1 a; finisher, 
 443, 1 c. 
 
 Saint Peter's corn, XYI. 587, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Saint Peter's fish, YI. 219, 2 a. 
 
 Saint Peter's river : see Minnesota (river). 
 Saint Peter's sandstone, X. 252, 1 c. 
 
 Saint Peter's wreath, plant, XY. 274, 2 c. 
 Saint Petersburg, government of Russia, 
 XIY. 550. 
 
 Saint Petersburg, capital of Russia, XIY. 
 550. Situation, 2 a. Description, 2 b; 
 Isaac church, 551, 2 b (ill.); Winter palace, 
 552, 1 a (ill., 551). Climate, 2 b. Manu¬ 
 factures and commerce, ib. History, 2 c. 
 Saint Pierre [sa ng pyair], Martinique, XIY. 553. 
 Saint Pierre and Miquelon [me-khh-lo ng ], 
 French colony, XIY. 553. 
 
 Saint Pierre, Rousseau’s island, II. 629. 
 
 Saint Pierre, church of, in Caen, III. 539, 2 c 
 (ill., 540). Cathedral of, in Nantes, XII. 
 131, 2 be (ill.). 
 
 Saint-Pierre, Charles Irenee Castel, abb6 de, 
 French philanthropist, XIY. 553. 
 Saint-Pierre, Jacques Henri Bernardin de, 
 French author, XIY. 553. 
 
664 
 
 SAINT-QUENTIN 
 
 SALEE 
 
 Saint-Quentin [sa ng -ka ng -ta ng ], town of France, 
 XIV. 553. 
 
 Saint-Remy [-ruh-me],pseudonyme,XI.838,2 a. 
 Saint Robert's cave, England, I. 632, 1 a. 
 
 Saint Saba, duchy of, VIII. 704, 1 c. 
 
 Saint Sacrement, lake [sa ng sa-kruh-ma ng ], (Lake 
 George), VII. 713, 1 ab. 
 
 Saint Saviour's, church, London, X. 598, 1 ab ; 
 
 for the deaf and dumb, 599, 1 a. 
 
 Saints Cosma and Damiano, shrine of, at Iser- 
 nia, IX. 426, 1 c. 
 
 Saint Sebastian, seaport of Spain, XIV. 553. 
 Saint Sepulchre, church of, in Cambridge, 
 Eng., III. 643, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Saint-Simon, Claude Henri, count de [sa ng -se- 
 mo ng ], French socialist, XIV. 554. Referred 
 to, II. 403, 2 a. See Socialism, XV. 140, 2 c. 
 Saint-Simon, Louis de Rouvroi, duke de, wri¬ 
 ter of memoirs, XIV. 554. 
 
 Saint Sophia, church of, in Constantinople, V. 
 276, 2 a (ill., 275). Destruction of its li¬ 
 brary, X. 350, 2 a. Cathedral of, in Kiev, 
 
 IX. 830, 1 a. 
 
 Saint Stephen, cathedral of, in Vienna, XVI. 
 350, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Saint Stephen, Abyssinian convent of, I. 49,1 ab. 
 Saint Stephen, town of Xew Brunswick, XIV. 
 554. 
 
 Saint Stephens , county seat, XVI. 474, 1 c. 
 Saint Stephen's hall, English parliament house, 
 
 X. 609, 2 c; 610, 2 ab. 
 
 Saint Sulpice [sa ng stil-peece], priests of the 
 society of: see Sulpicians. 
 
 Saint Tammany, parish of Louisiana, XIV. 555. 
 Saint Theodosius, catacombs of IX. 830, 1 b. 
 Saint Thomas, county seats, VI. 524, 1 b; XI. 
 790, 2 b. 
 
 Saint Thomas, island, West Indies, XIV. 555. 
 Saint Thomas, island, gulf of Guinea, XIV. 555. 
 Saint Thomas, Christians of: see Christians 
 of St. TnoMAs. 
 
 Saint Thomas's hospital, London, X. 601, 2 a. 
 Saint TJbes: see Setubal. 
 
 Saint Vincent, island, West Indies, XIV. 555. 
 Saint Vincent, Cape: see Cape St. Vincent. 
 Saint Vincent, Earl of: see Jervis, Sir John. 
 Saint- Vincent, Bory de: see Bory. 
 
 Saint Vitus’s Dance, XIV. 555 ; XII. 238, 
 2 c; V. 796, 1 c. 
 
 Saint Winifred, well of VIII. 776, 2 c. 
 Sakalavas [sa-ka-la'-vas], people of Madagas¬ 
 car, X. 810, 2 c ; 811, 2 b. 
 
 Sake [sa-ka'], kind of beer, X. 632, 2 a. 
 
 Saki [sa'-ke]: see Monkey, XI. 751, 2 c (thrice). 
 
 Sakiyeh [sa-ke'-yeh], machine for raising wa¬ 
 ter, IX. 415, 1 a. 
 
 Sakuntald [sa-kun-ta-la'], Hindoo drama, IX. 
 736, 1 a. 
 
 Sakyammd (Saint Sakya), [sa-kya-moo'-ne], 
 founder of Buddhism, III. 393, 1 c; 394, 
 1 c-2 c; 396, 2 a, b. 
 
 Sa'la, George Augustus Henry, English au¬ 
 thor, XIV. 556. 
 
 Salabre [sa-la'-bra], for coral fishing, VI. 257,2 a. 
 
 Sal'adin, sultan of Egypt and Syria, XIV. 556. 
 
 Salado River [sa-la'-do]: see Argentine Re¬ 
 public, I. 688, 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 Salah ed-Din [sa-la/ ed-deen']: see Saladin. 
 
 Salaka, Madagascan garment, X. 812, 1 c. 
 
 Salal berry, XVI. 674, 2 b (Wintergreen). 
 
 Salamanca, province of Spain, XIV. 557. 
 Capital, 1 b. University of, 1 c; XVI. 212, 
 
 1 c; VII. 135, 2 c (that of Palencia united 
 with it by Ferdinand III.). 
 
 Sal'amander, reptile, XIV. 557. North Amer¬ 
 ican species, 558, 1 a. Common European, 
 
 2 ab (ill.). Gigantic salamander of Japan, 
 
 XI. 393, 1 a; fossil, 2 a. Gopher so called, 
 VIII. 110, 1 a. 
 
 Salaman'dra (zoology), XIV. 557, 2 ab. Spe¬ 
 cies, 55-9, 1 a, ff. S. maculata, 2 ab (ill.). 
 
 Sal'amis, island of Greece, XIV. 558. Battle 
 of, 2 c; VIII. 190, 1 c. City of Cyprus, 
 XIV. 559, 1 a. 
 
 Sal Ammoniac : see Ammonia, I. 427, 2 c. 
 
 Salamvria [sa-lam-vre'-a], river : see Peneus 
 (Index). 
 
 Salangane [sa-lan-ga'-na], swallow, II. 657, 1 c. 
 
 Salar (ichthyology), XVI. 8, 2 c. S. fario, ib. 
 S. namaycush, 9, 1 ab. S. siscowet, 1 b. 
 
 Saida, Roman colony, III. 150, 1 b, be. 
 
 Saldana, Don Sancho de [sal-£7m/-nya], II. 576, 
 1 b, be. 
 
 Saldanha Oliveira e Daun, Joao Carlos, duke 
 of [sal-da'-nya o-le-va'-e-ra a down], Portu¬ 
 guese statesman, XIV. 559. 
 
 Sal diuret'icus, XIII. 763, 2 a (Potassium). 
 
 Sale, in law, XIV. 559. Valid sale, 1 c, fit. 
 Vendor’s right, 2 be. Delivery or non-de¬ 
 livery, 560, 1 a, ff. Conditional sale, 1 c 
 (see Mortgage, XI. 851, 1 c). Stoppage in 
 transitu, 2 b. Contracts for an immoral or 
 illegal object, 2 c. Sales obtained by fraud, 
 ib .; of stolen goods, 561, 1 a; fraudulently 
 made, 1 b. 
 
 Sale [sa-la'], town of Morocco, XIV. 561. 
 
 Sale, George,English oriental scholar,XIV.561. 
 
 Salee: see Sale. 
 
SALEM 
 
 SALMON 
 
 665 
 
 Salem : see Zion, XVI. 828, 2 a; Jerusalem, 
 IX. 620, 1 ab. 
 
 Salem, county, XIV. 561. 
 
 Salem, city of Massachusetts, XIV. 561. For¬ 
 eign commerce, former, 2 b; present, 2 c. 
 Manufactures, 562, 1 ab. Government, 1 b. 
 Charitable institutions, 1 be. Education, ib. 
 Public institutions, 1 c, ff. Eeligious or¬ 
 ganizations, 2 be. History, 2 c. Witchcraft 
 delusion, ib.: see Witch and Witchcraft, 
 XVI. 691, 1 c; Mather, Cotton, XI. 278, 
 
 1 ab, ff. ; Burroughs, George. 
 
 Salem, city of New Jersey, XIV. 562. 
 
 Salem, town of Virginia, XIV. 563. 
 
 Salem, capital of Oregon, XIV. 563. 
 
 Salem , county seats, VI. 20, 2 b ; XI. 169, 2 b; 
 
 XVI. 473, 1 c ; 475, 1 c. 
 
 Salem, district of British India, XIV. 563. 
 Salep', vegetable substance, XIV. 563 (ill.). 
 Salerno [sa-lair'-no], town of Italy, XIV. 564. 
 University and medical school of, XI. 348, 
 
 2 ab ; XVI. 210, 2 ab. 
 
 Salernum : see Salerno. 
 
 Sales, Francis de : see Francis de Sales. 
 Sales bool', in bookkeeping, III. 81, 1 a. 
 
 Sal febrifugum Sylvii , XIII. 759, 2 b. 
 
 Salford [sawl'-furd]: see Manchester, XI. 
 92, 1 a. 
 
 Salgrami , river, VIII. 324, 1 b (Gunduk). 
 Saliaii songs , Latin, X. 192, 2 b. 
 
 Salians, German tribe, XIV. 564. 
 
 Salias , Countess , Eussian author, IX. 766, 2 c. 
 Salica'cece (botany), XIII. 711, 1 be. 
 
 Salic Franks : see Salians. 
 
 Salicine [sal'-e-sin], drug, XIV. 564; XVI. 
 
 646, 1 a. Fermentation of, VII. 145, 2 a. 
 Salic land , XIV. 564, 1 b. 
 
 Salic law , V. 7, 1 c; 487, 1 b. Disability of 
 females under, XIV. 564, 1 be; abrogation 
 of in Spain, ib., and VII. 138, 2 b. 
 
 Salicon: see Carbolic Acid, III. 768, 1 b. 
 Salicornia (botany), II. 311, 2 ab. S. herbacea, 
 XIV. 593, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Salicyl'ic Acid, XIV. 564. 
 
 Salicylol, XIV. 564, 2 a (Salicine). 
 
 Salieri, Antonio [sa-le-a'-re], Italian composer, 
 XIV. 564. 
 
 Salim’eter, IX. 124, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Sali’na (Syracuse), XV. 544, 2 a. South, ib. 
 Salina, county seat, XIV. 565, 2 a. 
 
 Salina formation, in geology, VII. 696, 2 b. 
 Salinas river [sa-le'-nas], California, III. 601,1 b. 
 Saline [sa-leen'], river of Arkansas, XIV. 565. 
 Saline, five counties, XIV. 565. 
 
 Saline water [sa-line'], XIV. 584, 1 c (Salts). 
 Salisburia adiantifo'lia [sal-is-bu'-re-a], (bot¬ 
 any), VII. 814, 2 c ; 815, 2 a (ill.). 
 Salisbury [sawlz'-ber-e], city of England, XIV. 
 565. 
 
 Salisbury, county seat, XIV. 455, 1 a. 
 Salisbury , earl of (Eichard Neville): see Ed¬ 
 ward IV., VI. 436, 1 b; Warwick, XVI. 
 467, 2 a, c. 
 
 Salisbury, Eobert Cecil, earl of: see Cecil. 
 Eobert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne Cecil, third 
 marquis and eighth earl of, English states¬ 
 man, XIV. 565. 
 
 Salisbury crags, Edinburgh, VI. 405, 1 c. 
 Sali'va: see Digestion, VI. 105, 1 a, and Sa¬ 
 livary Glands. In hydrophobia, IX. 127, 
 
 1 c; 129, 1 c. 
 
 Salivary Glands, XIV. 565. Parotid gland, 
 
 2 c; submaxillary, 566, 1 b; sublingual, 
 1 be; others, 1 c. Their secretions, 2 a. 
 
 Salivation, from use of mercury, XI. 403,1 b. 
 Salix (botany), XVI. 645, 1 b (ill.). S. alba, 
 646, 1 b; fragilis, 2 a; Babylonica, 647, 1 a 
 (ill., 646); purpurea, ib .; caprea, ib .; lucida, 
 
 1 c (ill., 646); herbacea, 2 a ; pentandra, ib., 
 and XII. 719, 2 b ; amygdalina and triandra, 
 
 2 c; viminalis, 2 b (ill., 718). 
 
 Salle, Jean Baptiste de la: see La Salle. 
 Sallet, Friedrich von [sal-la'], German poet, 
 XIV. 566. 
 
 Sallow, XVI. 645, 1 b (Willow). 
 
 Sallust, Eoman historian, XIV. 566 ; X. 195, 
 1 ab. Life of Catiline, IV. 121, 1 c. His¬ 
 tory of the Jugurthine war, IX. 709, 1 b. 
 Salman: see Nisroch (Index). 
 
 Salmantica : see Salamanca, XIV. 557, 1 b. 
 Salmasius, Claudius, French scholar, XIV. 567. 
 Sal'mo (ichthyology), XIV. 567, 1 c; XVI. 
 8, 1 be. S. salmo (S. salar), XIV. 567, 2 c; 
 hamatus, 569, 2 b; huco, 2 c; Eossii, 570,1 a. 
 S. trutta, XVI. 8, 1 c; immaculatus, 2 a; 
 fontinalis, 2 ab (ill.) ; umbla, 2 c; oquassa, 
 ib. ; amethystus, 9, 1 ab; Alpinus, II. 550, 1 c. 
 Salmon [sam'-un], fish, XIV. 567. Salmon 
 and trout, 2 a. Common salmon, 2 c (ill., 
 568) ; young of, 568, 1 c (ills.) ; fisheries of, 
 569, 1 ab; artificial breeding of, 2 a, VII. 
 219, 2 ab. Other species, XIV. 569, 2 b.— 
 Salmon king, weight of, VII. 232, 1 c. White 
 salmon, II. 369, 1 c. 
 
 Salmon City, county seat, X. 335, 1 a. 
 
 Salmon Falls river: see Piscataqua. 
 
 “ Salmoniaf book, V. 720, 2 ab. 
 
 Salmon river, Idaho, IX. 166, 2 be. 
 
666 
 
 SALMON 
 
 SALYERS VILLE 
 
 Salmon Trout : see Trout. 
 
 Salnaye [sal-nav] : see Hayti, VIII. 553, 1 b, 
 and VII. 659, 1 ab. 
 
 Salo, Gasparo da [sa'-lo], Italian violin maker, 
 
 XIV. 570. 
 
 Salomon , musical director, VIII. 541, 2 a, ff. 
 Salomon Islands : see Solomon Islands. 
 Salona, Roman capital of Dalmatia, XIV. 570; 
 
 XV. 225, 2 a. 
 
 Salonica, or Saloniki [sa-lo-ne'-ka, -ke], town 
 of Turkey, XIV. 570. 
 
 Saloop', a refreshing drink, XIV. 637, 2 b. 
 Sal'op : see Shropshire. 
 
 Salpce, molluscoids, XI. 724, 2 b. 
 
 Sal prunelle, XII. 462, 1 ab (Nitrates). 
 Salseparine [sal-sep'-a-rin], XIV. 635, 2 b. 
 Salsette', island, India, XIV. 570. Temple 
 of, XIII. 380, 2 c. 
 
 Salsify : see Oyster Plant. 
 
 Salsola soda (botany), II. 511,2 ab; XV. 150,1 a. 
 Salt, XIV. 571. Ancient mines and springs, 
 1 a. Origin, 1 b. Crystallization, 1 c. Com¬ 
 position, 2 be (table, 572). Geological dis¬ 
 tribution, 573, 1 a. Geographical distribu¬ 
 tion, 1 b; in Europe, 1 c; in Asia and Africa, 
 574, 2 c; in South America, 575, 1 b ; in 
 Central America, 2 c; in British North 
 America, 576,1 a; in the United States, 1 b. 
 Manufacture of, 578, 1 b; graduation, 1 c; 
 kettle process, 579, 2 a; pan process, 2 be; 
 steam process, 2 c. Uses and statistics, 
 580, 1 ab. 
 
 Salt , so styled, at Eton montem, VI. 764,1 b. 
 Salt , Mr. (Henry, author of works of travel, 
 died in Egypt 1827), first English represen¬ 
 tative to Abyssinia, I. 46, 2 ab. 
 
 Salta [sal'-ta], province of the Argentine Re¬ 
 public, XIV. 580. Capital, 2 c. 
 
 Salt bluffs, in Nevada, XII. 265, 1 a. 
 
 Salt-cake process , in soda manufacture, XV. 
 150, 1 b. 
 
 Salt hay , VIII. 169, 1 c. 
 
 Saltier [sal'-teer], in heraldry, VIII. 672, 2 a. 
 
 Per saltier, 671, 2 c. (See plate.) 
 
 Saltillo [sal-te'-lyo], city of Mexico, XIV. 581. 
 Salt Lake, county of Utah, XIV. 581. 
 
 Salt lake, Great : see Great Salt Lake. 
 
 Salt Lake City, capital of Utah, XIV. 581 
 (view). 
 
 Salt Lake Diggers, Indian tribe, XV. 6, 2 b. 
 Salt Lick creek, Kentucky, XIV. 577, 1 c. 
 
 Salt licks, of Kentucky, XIV. 577, 1 c; IX. 
 799, 1 b. 
 
 Salt-marsh hay, XIV. 471, 2 ab. 
 
 Salto Grande [sal'-to gran'-da], cataract in the 
 Parana, XIII. 72, 1 ab. 
 
 Saltpetre : see Nitrates, XII. 461, 2 c. Salt* 
 petre plantations, 462, 2 a. Manufacture 
 of, 1 c; by a new process, VIII. 545, 1 ab. 
 
 Salt pickle, XIV. 579, 2 a. 
 
 Salt plains, of Bolivia, III. 12, 2 c. 
 
 Salt Point (Syracuse, N. Y.), XV. 544, 2 a. 
 
 Salt of Seignette : see Rochelle Salt. 
 
 Salts, in chemistry, XIV. 582; XII. 768, 1 a, 
 475,1 a. Theories respecting, XIV. 582, 2 a. 
 Neutral salts, 583, 1 c. Acid salts, 2 b. Ba¬ 
 sic salts, 2 c. Double salts, 584, 1 a; XII. 
 475,1 a. Electro-positive constituents of,l b; 
 electro-negative, ib. Haloid salts, 476, 2 b; 
 haloid and oxygen salts, XI. 421, 1 c. Salts 
 of aluminum, I. 368, 2 c. Salts of silver 
 affected by sunlight, 771, 1 be. Ferric salt, 
 XV. 754, 1 b. 
 
 Saltus publici, in Roman law, I. 192, 1 c. 
 
 Salt water, from artesian wells, I. 592, 2 b. 
 
 Salt-water perch : see Wrasse. 
 
 Saltzburg : see Salzburg. 
 
 Saluda, county seat, XI. 524, 2 c. 
 
 Salus, Sabine goddess of health, IX. 130, 2 ab. 
 
 Salutation, XIV. 585. Verbal expressions of 
 greeting, 1 a. Formal acts of salutation, 1 c. 
 Military, 2 c. 
 
 Saluzzo [sa-loot'-so], Piedmont, XIV. 585. 
 
 Salvd, Don Francisco [sal-va'], telegraph of, 
 XV. 610, 1 ab. 
 
 Salvador, San, country: see San Salvador. 
 
 Salvador, Joseph, French historian, XIV. 586. 
 
 Salvador a''cece (botany), XII. 106, 2 b. 
 
 Salvadora Lndica (botany), XII. 106, 2 b. 
 
 Salvage, XIV. 586. Salvage services, who 
 can perform them, 1 c ; when possible, 2 c; 
 when not admitted as such, 587,1 be. Sub¬ 
 jects of salvage, 1 ab. Forfeiture of, 1 c. 
 Military salvage, 2 ab. Right of insurers, 
 IX. 319, 1 ab. 
 
 Salvandy, Narcisse Achille de, count [sal- 
 va ng -de], French author, XIV. 587. 
 
 Salva'tor (zoology), XI. 749, 1 c. 
 
 Salvator Rosa [sal-va'-tor]: see Rosa. 
 
 Salvi, Giambattista: see Sassoferrato. 
 
 Salvia : see Sage, XIV. 518,1 c, 519,1 a. S. of¬ 
 ficinalis, 518,1 c (ill.); tricolor, 2 be; sclarea, 
 2 c; splendens, 519, 1 a; fulgens, coccinea, 
 patens, and argentea, 1 ab; azurea, Pitcheri, 
 and farinosa, 1 b. 
 
 Salvini, Tommaso [sal-ve'-ne], Italian actor, 
 XIV. 587. 
 
 Salyersville, county seat, XI. 22, 1 b. 
 
SALZACII 
 
 SAND 
 
 667 
 
 SALZAcn [zalts'-a k li], or Salza, river: see Salz¬ 
 burg, XIV. 588, 1 a. 
 
 Salzburg [sawlts'-burg; Ger. zalts'-boorg], 
 duchy of Austria, XIV. 588. History, 1 b. 
 Capital city, 1 c. 
 
 Salzwedel, marie o/[zalts'-va-del], III. 209, 2 ab. 
 
 Samana [sa-ma-na/], bay and peninsula of: see 
 Santo Domingo, XIV. 622,1 b, 624,1 a, ab ; 
 Baez, II. 214, 1 b. 
 
 Samani [sa-ma'-ne], Persian family of, XIII. 
 323, 1 c. 
 
 Samar [sa'-mar]: see Philippine Islands, XIII. 
 417, 2 a. 
 
 Samara [sa-ma-ra/J, government of Russia, 
 XIV. 588. Capital city, 2 b. 
 
 Samarang', province of Java, XIV. 588. Capi¬ 
 tal city, 2 c. 
 
 Samarcand', city of Asia, XIV. 588. 
 
 Sama'ria, ancient city of Palestine, XIV. 589. 
 
 Samaritan Pentateuch , XIV. 590,1 ab. Manu¬ 
 script copy of (Samaritan Codex): see Na¬ 
 blus. Hebrew text of the Pentateuch, 1 b. 
 
 Samaritans, XIV. 589; XV. 546, 2 be; VIII. 
 589, 1 c. 
 
 Samarobri'va, ancient town, I. 425, 2 a. 
 
 Sambaquis [sa ng -ba'-kees], Brazilian shell 
 mounds, III. 222, 2 a. 
 
 Sambenito [sam-ba-ne'-to], habit of the inqui¬ 
 sition penitents, IX. 294, 2 c; 295, 1 b. 
 
 Sarnboo , Asiatic deer, V. 757, 2 a, c. 
 
 Sambre [sa ng br’], river, II. 488,1 c; XII. 480, 2 b. 
 
 Sambu'cus (botany), VI. 495, 1 c. S. Canaden¬ 
 sis, ib. (ill.); laciniata, 2 b (ill.); pubens, 2 c. 
 
 Samcocolo , town of Bondoo, III. 57, 2 be. 
 
 Sa'me : see Cephalonia, IV. 206, 1 c. 
 
 Samian ware , pottery, XIII. 780, 2 b. 
 
 Samian wine , VIII. 217, 1 ab. 
 
 Samiel: see Simoom. 
 
 Samisen , musical instrument, IX. 537, 1 be. 
 
 Samlingsbanke, hill of, X. 39, 1 b (Kolding). 
 
 Sammicheli [sam-me-ka'-le], (Michele, 1484- 
 1549), engineering works of, XVI. 322, 2 ab; 
 X. 320, 2 b (San Micheli). Architectural 
 works, XVI. 323,1 a. 
 
 Sammied , in tanning, X. 275, 1 c. 
 
 Sammuramit , Assyrian queen, XIV. 760,1 a, b. 
 
 Samnites, Italic race, IX. 439, 2 be. 
 
 Samnitewars: see Rome (Index). 
 
 Samnium, division of ancient Italy, XIV. 590. 
 
 Samo'an Islands, in the S. Pacific, XIV. 590. 
 
 Samogitia: see Kovno, X. 54, 1 ab. 
 
 Samogitian dialect, referred to, X. 374, 1 b. 
 
 Samos: see Cephalonia. 
 
 Samos, island, XIV. 592. Prince of, 2 b. 
 
 Samos’ata (ancient capital of Comraagene, Sy¬ 
 ria, on the Euphrates), Paul of: see Paul, 
 of Samosata. 
 
 Samothra'oe, island, XIV: 592. 
 
 Samoyeds', nomadic people of Russia, XIV. 
 
 592; XVI. 42, 1 b. 
 
 Samp: see Maize, XI. 43, 2 c. 
 
 Sampfen wood, III. 233, 1 a (Brazil Wood). 
 Samphire, plant, XIV. 593 (ill.). Marsh sam¬ 
 phire, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Sampson, county, XIV. 593. 
 
 Sam Slick, nom de plume, VIII. 391, 2 c. 
 Samson, judge of Israel, XIV. 593. 
 
 Samson, George Whitfield, American clergy¬ 
 man, XIV. 594. 
 
 Samson, Joseph Isidore [sa ng -so ng ], French actor, 
 XIV. 594. 
 
 Samsun [sam-soon'J: see Mycale. 
 
 Samuel, Hebrew prophet, XIV. 594. 
 
 Samuel, Books of, XIV. 594. 
 
 Samuel, king of Bulgaria, II. 362, 1 a. 
 
 Samurai [sa-moo-rf], Japanese gentry, IX. 545, 
 1 b; 546, 2 a. 
 
 Sana [sa-na/], city of Arabia, XIV. 594. 
 
 San Andreas, county town, III. 567, 1 c. 
 
 San Antonio, city of Texas, XIV. 595. 
 
 San Antonio River, XIV. 595. 
 
 San Augustine, county, XIV. 595. Capital, 2 b. 
 San Benito [ba-ne'-to], county, XIV. 595. 
 Capital, 2 c. 
 
 San Bernardino [ber-nar-de'-no], county, XIV. 
 595. Capital town, 596, 1 a. Mount, ib .; 
 III. 599, 2 b. 
 
 San Buenaventura [bwa-na-ven-too'-ra], county 
 seat, XVI. 302, 1 a. 
 
 San'cho the Strong, of Castile, I. 290, la; X. 
 81, 1 ab, be, c. 
 
 Sanchoniathon: see Sanchuniathon. 
 Sanohuniathon [san-koo-nT-a-thon], reputed 
 author, XIV. 596. 
 
 Sanci diamond, referred to, IV. 311, 1 a. 
 
 San Clemente de la Nueva Sevilla: see Salta, 
 XIV. 580, 2 c. 
 
 San Cristobal, capital of Chiapas, XIV. 596. 
 Sancroft, William, English prelate, XIV. 596. 
 Sancta sanctorum, in the church of the Later an, 
 X. 183, 1 a. 
 
 Sanct-Ingbert: see Ingbert. 
 
 Sanctuary : see Asylum. 
 
 Sanctuary, of the tabernacle, XV. 550, 2 c. 
 Sand, facing, in casting moulds, IV. 76, 1 b. 
 Sand, George [sa ng ]: see Dudeyant. 
 
 Sand, Karl [zant], German political fanatic, 
 XIV. 596. 
 
668 
 
 SANDAL 
 
 SAN JACINTO 
 
 Sandal: see Shoe, XIV. 873, 1 b. 
 
 Sandal Wood, XIV. 596 (ill.). Red sandal 
 wood, 597, 1 c. 
 
 Sand tear (Indian badger), II. 213, 1 b. 
 
 Sand Blast, XIV. 597. In rock blasting, II. 
 697, 2 b. 
 
 Sand Crab : see Crab, V. 450, 1 a. 
 
 Sandeau, Leonard Sylvain Jules [sa ng -do], 
 French author, XIV. 597. 
 
 Sand Eel : see Eel, VI. 447, 2 c. 
 
 Sandeman , Robert: see Sandemanians, XIV. 
 598, 1 a. 
 
 Sandemanians, religious sect, XIV. 597. 
 Sanderling, bird, XIV. 598 (ill.). 
 
 Sanderson , county seat, II. 228, 1 c. 
 Sandersville , county seat, XVI. 474, 1 b. 
 
 Sand flea: see Chigo. 
 
 Sand fly: see Black Fly. 
 
 Sand glass , for measuring time, IV. 695, 2 b. 
 Sand Grouse : see Grouse, VIII. 272, 1 be. 
 Sand gulfs , in central Arabia, I. 619, 1 b. 
 Sandhurst, city of Australia, XIV. 598. 
 
 San Diego [de-a'-go], county, XIV. 598. 
 
 San Diego, city of California, XIV. 599. 
 Sandiver, in glass making, VIII. 14, 1 a. 
 
 Sand Launce : see Eel, VI. 448, 1 a. 
 
 Sand Martin : see Swallow, XV. 499, 2 ab. 
 San Domingo : see Santo Domingo. 
 
 Sandomir (town of Poland, on the Vistula), 
 synod of, referred to, XIV. 248, 2 c. 
 Sando'val, Prudencio de, Spanish historian, 
 
 XIV. 599. 
 
 Sandpiper, bird, XIV. 599. Purple, 2 a; red- 
 backed, 2 ab; least, 2 c (ill.). Bartram’s 
 sandpiper, XIII. 619, 1 c. Bird so called, 
 
 XV. 583, 1 be. 
 
 San Donato , prince of V. 792,1 ab (Demidoff). 
 Sandracothus , king of Maghada, IX. 207, 1 be. 
 Sandrart, Joachim von, German painter, 
 XIV. 599. 
 
 Sands, Robert Charles, American author, 
 XIV. 600. 
 
 Sands , the , a market place, VI. 309, 2 c. 
 
 Sand sea , plain, VIII. 60, 2 a (Gobi). 
 
 Sand star , star fish, XII. 644, 1 a. 
 
 Sandstone, rock, XIV. 600; V. 240, 2 a. 
 Lower, X. 252, 1 b; upper, or St. Peter’s, 
 1 c. Old red sandstone, VII. 697, 1 a; new 
 red, 1 c. 
 
 Sand storms , in the Sahara, I. 165, 1 be, 2 a. 
 Sandusky, county, XIV. 600. 
 
 Sandusky, city of Ohio, XIV. 601. 
 
 Sandusky river , VI. 713, 1 a; XIV. 600, 2 c. 
 Bay, 601, 1 ab. 
 
 Sand Wasp, XIV. 601. 
 
 Sandwich, town of Massachusetts, XIV. 601. 
 Sandwich , county seat, VI. 735, 1 c. 
 
 Sandwich Islands : see Hawaiian Islands. 
 Sandwirth [zant'-veert]: see IIofer, VIII. 753, 
 2 b. 
 
 Sandy Hill , county seat, XVI. 473, 1 c. 
 
 Sandy Hook , New York bay, XII. 384, 1 ab. 
 (See map.) 
 
 Sandy Hook , county seat, VI. 545, 1 b. 
 
 Sandy river, Big , Kentucky, IX. 798, 1 c. 
 Sandys, Sir Edwin, English statesman, XIV. 
 
 601. George, poet, 2 c. 
 
 San Felipe de Austria [san fa-le'-pa da ows'- 
 tre-a], (Oruro), XII. 713, 2 b. 
 
 San Felipe de Lerma [lair'-ma], (Salta), XIV. 
 580, 2 c. 
 
 San Fernando, city of Spain, XIV. 602. 
 
 San Fernando , citadel or castle of, VII. 184,1 b. 
 Sanford, county, XIV. 602. 
 
 San Francisco, city of California, XIV. 602. 
 Description, 1 c; city hall, 603,1 a (ill.). Pop¬ 
 ulation, 1 c. Intercommunication, 2 c. Busi¬ 
 ness, 604, 1 a. Government, &c., 2 a. His¬ 
 tory, 2 c. Fires in, 605, 2 be; V. 237, 1 c; 
 III. 613, 2 a. Vigilance committees in, III. 
 613, 1 be. 
 
 San Francisco Bay, XIV. 605. Discovery of, 
 III. 612, 2 be. 
 
 San Francisco de Asis [da a-seece'], mission of, 
 
 XIV. 604, 2 c. 
 
 San'gamon, county, XIV. 605. 
 
 San Giovanni in Fonte [jo-van'-ne in fon'-ta], 
 baptistery or church of, Rome, X. 183, 2 ab. 
 Sanglier [sang'-gle-er; Fr. sa ng -gle-a], II. 764, 
 2 a (Boar). 
 
 Sanq-de-rate [sa ng -duh-rat], disease of sheep, 
 XII. 60, 2 c. 
 
 San greal [sa ng gra-al]: see Graal. 
 Sanguinaria: see Bloodroot, II. 738,2 be (ill.). 
 Sanguinaria , alkaloid, VIII. 544, 2 a. 
 Sanguinarine [sang-gwin'-a-rin], alkaline prin¬ 
 ciple, II. 739, 1 c. 
 
 Sanguis'uga (zoology), X. 310, 1 a. S. medi- 
 cinalis or officinalis, 2 ab (ill.). 
 
 San'hedrim, Jewish supreme council, XIV. 605. 
 Sanic'ula Canadensis , S. Harilandica (botany), 
 
 XV. 131, 1 ab. 
 
 San'ilac, county, XIV. 606. 
 
 San Ildefonso: see La Granja. League of, 
 XV. 213, 1 be. 
 
 San Jacinto, river of Texas, XIV. 606. Bat* 
 tie of, 1 be; IX. 16, 2 c; XV. 678, 1 be. 
 
 San Jacinto, county, XIV. 606. 
 
SANJAK 
 
 SANTA 
 
 069 
 
 Sanjak, political division in Turkey, XYI. 59, 
 1 c. See Vilayet. 
 
 Sanjakbeg , Turkish officer, XIV. 662, 2 c. 
 
 San Joaquin [kwa-keen'j, river of California, 
 XIV. 606. 
 
 San Joaquin, county, XIV. 606. 
 
 San Josk [ho-sa'], city of California, XIV. 606. 
 San Jose, capital of Costa Rica, XIV. 607. 
 
 San Juan [liwan], island, Washington territory, 
 XIV. 607. 
 
 San Juan , island: see Guajian. 
 
 San Juan de la Froutera [san k kwan da la frone- 
 ta'-ra]: see Chachapoyas. 
 
 San Juan de Nioaeagua, port, XIV. 607; XII. 
 
 421, 1 c, 424, 2 ab, 425, 2 ab. 
 
 San Juan del Norte [dail nore'-ta]: see San 
 Juan de Nicaragua (Index). 
 
 San Juan de Puerto Rico, city, XIV. 608. 
 San Juan district , Rocky mountains, XIV. 
 377, 2 b. 
 
 San Juan River : see Nicaragua, XII. 421, 2 a. 
 San Julian de Peyrero, knights of, I. 260, 1 a. 
 Sdnkhya [san'-kya], Hindoo system of philoso¬ 
 phy, IX. 227, 2 b, c. Kapila’s, 228, 1 a. 
 
 San Lazaro [san la'-tsa-ro], Venetian island, 
 Armenian monastery upon, XI. 364, 2 b; 
 XVI. 297, 2 c. 
 
 San Leandro , county seat, I. 236, 1 b. 
 
 San Lucar de Barrameda [san loo'-kar da bar- 
 ra-ma'-£Aa], city of. Spain, XIV. 608. 
 
 San Luis [loo-eece'], province of the Argentine 
 Republic, XIV. 608. Capital city, 1 c. 
 
 San Luis Obispo, county, XIV.608. Capital,2b. 
 San Luis park, Colorado, V. 101, 1 b; XIV. 
 
 377, 2 a, 380, 1 b (valley). 
 
 San Luis Potosi [po-to-se'], state of Mexico, 
 XIV. 608. Capital city, 2 b. 
 
 San Luis de la Junta [da la poon'-ta]: see 
 San Luis, XIV. 608, 2 a. 
 
 San Luiz de Maranhdo [san loo-eece' da ma-ra- 
 nyow Dg '], city, XI. 143, 1 c. 
 
 San Marco, fortress, St. Augustine, XIV.525,1 b. 
 San Marcos [-koce], county seat, VIII. 548, 1 b. 
 San Marino [ma-re'-no], republic of Italy, XIV. 
 
 608. Capital, 609, 1 a. Referred to, IX. 
 451, 2 ab. 
 
 San Martin [mar-teen'], volcano, XI. 466,1 ab. 
 San Martin, Jose de, Argentine general, XIV. 
 
 609. 
 
 San Martini [mar-te'-ne], Italian composer, 
 VIII. 542, 2 be. 
 
 SanMartino,~Este, leaning belfry of, VI. 739,1c. 
 San Mateo [ma-ta'-o], county, XIV. 609. 
 
 San Mateo del Pilon: see Morelos, XI. 825, 2 c. 
 
 San Michele [me-ka'-la], hospital of, XII. 579, 2 c. 
 San Micheli, architect: see Sammicheli (Index). 
 San Miguel [me-ghel'], county, XIV. 609. 
 
 San Miguel [me-gaiT], city of San Salvador, 
 XIV. 609. 
 
 San Miguel , city: see Piura, XIII. 557, 2 c. 
 San Miguel, Evariste, duke de, Spanish gen¬ 
 eral, XIV. 609. 
 
 Sannazaro, Jacopo [san-na'-dza-ro], Italian 
 poet, XIV. 609. 
 
 San Pablo bay, California, XIV. 605, 2 b. 
 
 San Patricio [pa-tre'-se-o], county, XIV. 609. 
 Capital, 2 c. 
 
 San Pete [pa'-ta], county, XIV. 609. 
 
 San Petronio, basilica of, Bologna, III. 18, 1 c. 
 Sanquhar declaration [san'-kwar], III. 656, 1 c 
 (Cameronians). 
 
 San Rafael, county seat, XI. 167, 1 c. 
 
 San Remo [ra'-mo], town of Italy, XIV. 610. 
 San Roque [ro'-ka], city of Spain, XIV. 610. 
 San SABA[sa'-ba], county,XIV.610. Capital, 1 b. 
 San Salvador' [Sp. sal-va-^ore'J, republic of 
 Central America, XIV. 610. History, 611, 
 
 1 a. Capital city, 1 c. 
 
 San Salvador, island, Bahamas, XIV. 611. 
 San Salvador, city of Brazil: see Bahia. 
 Sansam, mixed oriental race, XI. 59, 2 a. 
 Sansara [san-sa'-ra], in Buddhism, III. 398, 2 ab. 
 Samculottides [sa^-kii-lut-teed], in the French 
 revolutionary calendar, III. 580, 1 c. 
 
 San Sebastian [sa-bas-te-an']: see Saint Se¬ 
 bastian. 
 
 Sanskrit, literary language of the Hindoos, 
 XIV. 611. Written character, 612,1 b. Eu¬ 
 phonic rules, 2 a. Accents, 2 b. Grammar, 
 
 2 be, 615, 1 b. Metre, 614, 1 a. Literature, 
 1 ab. Sanskrit grammars, 615, 2 b. Diction¬ 
 aries, 2 be. 
 
 Sanskrit college, in Benares, II. 515, 1 a. 
 Sanson, Nicolas [sa ng -so ng ], French geographer, 
 XIV. 616. 
 
 San Stefano [sta'-fa-no], church of, Bologna, 
 III. 18, 1 c. 
 
 Santa Ana [san'-ta &'-nya], county, XIV. 616. 
 Santa Ana de Tamaulipas: see Tampico. 
 Santa Anna, island: see Bananal. 
 
 Santa Anna, Antonio Lopez de, Mexican gen¬ 
 eral, XIV. 616 ; I. 235, 2c; IX. 16, 2 c ; XI. 
 477, 1 c, 2 be, c, 478, 1 be, 479, 2 a; XV. 
 677, 2 b, be, 678, 1 ab, c, 2 b. (Died 1876.) 
 Santa Barbara, county, XIV. 617. Capital,1 c. 
 Santa Barbara, island of Brazil, III. 218, 1 c. 
 Santa Catharina [ka-ta-re'-na], province of 
 Brazil, XIV. 617. Capital: see Desterro. 
 
670 
 
 SANTA 
 
 SAPIENZA 
 
 Santa Clara, county, XIY. 617. 
 
 Santa Clara College : see San Jose. 
 
 Santa Claus: see Christmas, IY. 552, 1 b. 
 Santa Croce [kro'-cha], churcb of, in Florence, 
 YII. 275, 2 c. 
 
 Santa Crijz [krooss], county, XIY. 617. 
 
 Santa Cruz , county seat, XIY. 618, 1 a. 
 
 Santa Cruz, island, West Indies, XIY. 618. 
 Santa Cruz, capital of the Canary islands, 
 XIY. 618. 
 
 Santa Fe [fa], Argentine province, XIY. 618. 
 Santa Fe, county, XIY. 618. 
 
 Santa Fe, capital of New Mexico, XIY. 618 
 (ill.). 
 
 Santa Fe de Bogota : see Bogota. 
 
 Santal , tribe in India, IX. 214, 2 c. 
 
 Santal'ic acid , XIY. 597, 2 a. 
 
 Santaline [san'-ta-lin]: see Santalic «ci7Z(Index). 
 San'talum (botany), XIY. 596, 2 be. S. al¬ 
 bum, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Santa Maria [ma-re'-a], city of Spain, XIY. 
 
 619. 
 
 Santa Maria de la Almudena [da la al-moo- 
 £Aa'-na], church in Madrid, X. 835, 1 c. 
 Santa Maria del Fiore [fe-o'-ra], duomo of 
 Florence, YII. 275, 1 ab. 
 
 Santa Maria Maggiore [mad-jo'-ra], church of, 
 in Bergamo, II. 555, 1 b; in Rome, XIY. 
 414, 2 a. 
 
 Santa Maria Matricolare [ma-tre-ko-la'-ra], 
 cathedral of, Yerona, XYI. 322, 2 be. 
 
 Santa Marta, city of Colombia, XIY. 619. 
 Santa Maura [mow'-ra], island, XIY. 619. 
 Santana , Pedro [san-ta'-na], president of Santo 
 Domingo, XIY. 623, 2 ab, ff. (Died 1864.) 
 Santan'der [Sp. san-tan-£Mir'], province of 
 Spain, XIY. 619. Capital city, 620, 1 a. 
 Santander (Francisco de Paula de, 1782-1840), 
 S. American patriot, III. 8, 2 b, c; 9, 1 a, 
 be, c, 2 c; Y. 89, 1 a. 
 
 Santarem [sa ng -ta-re ug/ ], town of Portugal, 
 XIY. 620 ; I. 297, 1 c. 
 
 Santa Rosa, county, XIY. 620. 
 
 Santa Rosa , county seat, XY. 165, 1 a. 
 
 Santa scala , in the Lateran, X. 182, 2 c. 
 Santee', river of South Carolina, XIY. 620 . 
 Santerre, Antoine Joseph [sa ng -tair], French 
 revolutionist, XIY. 620 . 
 
 Santiago [san-te-a'-go], province of Chili, XIY. 
 
 620. Capital of the province and of Chili, 2 b. 
 Santiago, Argentine province, XIY. 621. 
 Santiago de Compostela [da kome-poce-ta'- 
 
 la], city of Spain, XIY. 621. 
 
 Santiago de Cuba, city of Cuba, XIY. 621. 
 
 Santiago de Leon de Cardcas , city, III. 765,1 c. 
 
 Santiago delEstero: see Santiago, XIY.621,1 b. 
 
 Santiago del Nuevo Extremo , city, XIY. 621,1 b. 
 
 Santiago de los Caballeros [da loce ka-ba- 
 lya'-roce], city of Santo Domingo, XIY. 621. 
 First name of Old Guatemala, YIII. 292, 1 b. 
 
 Santillana, Marquis de [san-te-lya'-na]: see 
 Mendoza. 
 
 Santo Domingo, republic, West Indies, XIY. 
 622. Physical features: see Hayti. Boun¬ 
 daries and extent, 1 ab. Harbors and bays, 1 b. 
 Soil and productions, 1 be. Fauna, 1 c. Min¬ 
 erals, 2 a. Climate, 2 b. Population, 2 be. 
 Religion, 623, 1 a. Education, 1 ab. Com¬ 
 merce, 1 b. Government, 1 be. Army and 
 navy, 2 ab. History, ib. Proposed annexa¬ 
 tion to the United States, 624, 1 ab; YIII. 
 160, 1 b. 
 
 Santo Domingo - , city, XIY. 624. Cathedral, 
 2 a (ill.). History, 2 b. 
 
 Santones [san'-to-neez]: see Saintes. 
 
 Santonine [san'-to-nin], drug, XYI. 731, 1 ab; 
 YI. 670, 2 b. 
 
 Santorin : see Thera. Wine, YIII. 217, 1 a. 
 
 Santorini, Giovanni Domenico [san-to-re'-ne], 
 Italian anatomist, XIY. 624. Cartilages of,2 c. 
 
 San Vitale , Eleonora [ve-ta'-la], referred to, 
 YI. 517, 2 c. 
 
 San Zenone , church of, in Yerona, XYI. 322, 2 c. 
 
 Sanzio , Raffaelle [san'-tse-o]: see Raphael. 
 
 Sdo Felipe de Benguela [sow ng fa-le'-pa da ben- 
 ga'-la], capital city, II. 527, 1 b. 
 
 Sio Francisco, river : see Brazil, III. 220,1 c. 
 
 Saonchiogwa , Indian chief, IY. 161, 2 a. 
 
 Saone [soan], river of France, XIY. 625. 
 
 Saone, Haute : see IIaute-Saone. 
 
 SAONE-ET-LoiRE[-a-l war], department, XIY. 625. 
 
 Sao Paulo [sow ng pow'-lo], province of Brazil, 
 XIY. 625. Capital city, 2 a. 
 
 Sao Pedro do Rio Grande do Sul [sow ng pa- 
 dro do re'-o gran'-da do sool], province of 
 Brazil, XIY. 625. City, 626, 1 a. 
 
 Sap: see Plant, XIII. 582, 2 be (movement 
 of liquids); Fuel, YII. 515, 2 c. Circula¬ 
 tion of, in plants, I. 194, 2 ab. Crude sap, 
 XIII. 575, 1 c; 582, 1 ab. Green sap (pig¬ 
 ment), III. 390, 2 be. 
 
 Sap , in a siege, XY. 29, 2 b. 
 
 Sapajou [sap'-a-joo]: see Monkey, XI. 750, 2 c. 
 Horned, 751, 1 be. 
 
 Sapan Wood, adyewood, XIY.626; III. 232,2 c. 
 
 Saphra , in Jewish literature, YIII. 595, 1 a. 
 
 Sapienza , college of [sa-pe-en'-dza], (university 
 of Rome, so named from its inscription, 
 
 - 
 
SAPINDUS 
 
 SARGENT 
 
 671 
 
 Initium sapientice timor Domini ), I. 280, 2 b ; 
 XVI. 210, 2 c. See X. 347, 1 c. 
 
 Sapindus saponaria (botany), XV. 138, 2 a. 
 Saponaria officinalis (botany), XV. 138, 2 a. 
 Saponifiable fats , II. 729, 2 a. 
 
 Saponification , XV. 138, 2 c. 
 
 Sapor : see Persia, XIII. 322, 2 b. 
 
 Sappers , in a siege, XV. 29, 2 b. 
 
 Sappiiire [saf'-fer, or saf'-fire], precious stone, 
 XIV. 626. Blue sapphire, 2 a ; red, or ruby, 
 2 ab; violet, 627,1 a. Artificial sapphires, 1 b. 
 Sappiio [saf'-fo], Greek poetess, XIV. 627. 
 Sappho, the German , so called, IX. 770, 1 a. 
 Saps, a color, VII. 185, 2 b. 
 
 SapsucJcer , bird, XVI. 709, 2 a. 
 
 Saptin river: see Snake River. 
 
 Saptins: see Sahaptins. 
 
 Sapucaia , tree, III. 223, 2 c. Sapucaia nuts, ib. 
 Sap wood , of a tree, XIII. 580,1 be; 1.259,1 b. 
 Sar: see Czar, V. 622, 2 a. 
 
 Sarabdi'tce , ancient ascetics, XI. 729, 1 b. 
 Saracen'ic architecture , I. 661, 2 c. 
 
 Saracens, XIV. 627. Rome threatened by, 
 X. 346, 2 b. Third siege of Constantinople 
 by, 350, 1 b. Byzantine empire assailed by, 
 351, 1 b. Pontifical territory invaded by, 
 II. 318, 1 be. Conquest of Sardinia, XIV. 
 632, 2 b. 
 
 Saracus, Assyrian king, II. 36, 2 b ; XIV. 631, 
 1 ab. 
 
 Saragossa, province of Spain, XIV. 627. Capi¬ 
 tal city, 2 c. Sieges of, 628,1 a; XII. 816, 2 c. 
 Saragossa, Maid of: see Agustina. 
 
 Sarah Sands, a gold nugget, VIII. 73, 1 a. 
 Sarahsville, county seat, XII. 471, 2 a. 
 Sarafcatzanes , nomadic tribe, I. 55, 1 be. 
 Saramaca negroes [sa-ra-ma'-ka], XI. 184, 2 ab. 
 Saranac' river, I. 121, 2 a ; XIII. 605, 1 be. 
 Sarapis: see Serapis. 
 
 Sarasvati [sa-ras-va'-te], Hindoo goddess, IX. 
 
 224, 2 b ; 226, 2 a; 230, 1 a. 
 
 Saratoga, county, XIV. 628. 
 
 Saratoga, Battle of, XIV. 628. Proposed 
 monument, 629, 1 ab. 
 
 Saratoga Springs, village of New York, XIV. 
 629. Number and names of springs, 1 b. 
 History, 2 a. Analyses, XI. 593, 1 b. 
 Saratov [sa-ra'-tov], government of Russia, 
 XIV. 629. Capital city, 2 c. 
 
 Sarawak', state in Borneo, XIV. 629. Physi¬ 
 cal features, 2 c. Minerals and vegetation, 
 630,1 b. Population, ib. History, 1 c; III. 
 317, 1 a. Government, XIV. 630, 2 a. Capi¬ 
 tal, 2 ab. 
 
 Sarazins, sarazinois [sa-ra-za nf? , -ze-na]: see Ta¬ 
 pestry, XV. 568, 1 c. 
 
 Sarber, county, XIV. 630. 
 
 Sarchedon, Assyrian king, VI. 723, 1 c. 
 
 Sar'code : see Animalcules, I. 514,1 b ; Pro¬ 
 toplasm, XIV. 35,1 b ; VII. 311,1 c ; VIII. 
 34, 2 ab. 
 
 Sarcolactic acid, X. 88, 2 a. 
 
 Sarcolemma (anatomy), XII. 67, 2 b. 
 
 Sarco'ma, kind of tumor, XVI. 29, 2 a. 
 
 Sarcoph'aga (entomology), VI. 130, 1 be. S. 
 carnaria, VII. 294, 2 c; XIV. 374, 1 c (ill.). 
 S. mortuorum, VII. 295, 1 ab. S. Georgina, 
 ib. S. sarracenise, XIII. 550, 2 c. 
 
 Sarcopsylla penetrans (entomology), IV. 422, 
 1 ab (ill.). 
 
 Sarcop'tes (epizoa), VI. 695, 1 b. S. liominis, 
 ib., 1 c. S. scabiei, IX. 469, 2 ab. 
 
 Sarcoramphus (ornithology), V. 217, 1 a. S. 
 gryphus, ib. (ill.). S. papa, 218, 2 a. 
 
 Sarcostemma argel (botany), referred to, XIV. 
 769, 2 a. 
 
 Sard, precious stone, XIV. 630. 
 
 Sardanapa'lus, Assyrian king, XIV. 630; II. 
 32, 2 c. Of Rome, so called, VI. 484, 2 c. 
 
 Sardari [sar-da'-re], pass, Elburz mountains, 
 VI. 494, 2 b. 
 
 Sar'des, ancient city of Asia Minor, XIV. 631. 
 
 Sardi, ancient Sardinians, XIV. 632, 2 b. 
 
 Sarcliani, sold by auction at the Capitoline 
 games, III. 757, 1 b. 
 
 Sardica, ruins of, XV. 167, 2 a. Council 
 (synod) of, ib. ; I. 700, 1 be. 
 
 Sardic sea, part of the Mediterranean, XI. 
 253, 2 c. 
 
 Sardine [sar-deen'], fish, XIV. 631. See Sil- 
 verside, XV. 57, 2 c; Sprat, 287, 1 be. 
 
 Sardinia, island, XIV. 631. Coast, 2 c. Sur¬ 
 face, 632, 1 ab. Minerals, 1 b. Soil and 
 productions, ib. Climate, 2 a. History, 2 ab. 
 Kingdom of: see Sardinian States. 
 
 Sardinian States, XIV. 632. Extent and 
 population, 633,1 a. Origin and history, ib. 
 
 Sardts : see Sardes. 
 
 Sardonyx, precious stone, XII. 641, 2 b. Sea 
 Sard. 
 
 SARDou,Victorien, French dramatist, XIV. 633- 
 
 Saree: see Sari. 
 
 Sargasso Sea: see Atlantic Ocean, II. 79, 
 1 b, 80, 1 a; XII. 783, 1 b. Accumulation 
 of seaweed in, IV. 729, 1 c. 
 
 Sargassum (botany), I. 299, 2 a. S. bacciferum, 
 S. natans, II. 79, 2 a. 
 
 Sargent, Epes, American author, XIV. 633. 
 
672 
 
 SARGENT 
 
 SAUNDERS 
 
 Sargent and Greenleafs lock, X. 565, 2 a. 
 Sargon : see Assyria, II. 35, 1 b. 
 
 Sargus (ichthyology), XIV. 839, 2 c. S. ovis, 
 840, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Sari [sa-ree'J, city of Persia, XIV. 633. 
 
 Sarissa , military weapon, I. 734, 2 b; 740, 2 b. 
 Sark , Channel island, IV. 261, 2 c. 
 
 Sarkidiornis (ornithology), VIII. 104, 2 c. 
 Sarmatia, in classical geography, XIV. 633. 
 
 Sarmatians, IX. 584, 2 c. 
 
 Sarmatic pass, of the Caucasus, IV. 133, 1 c. 
 Sarmiento, Domingo Faustino [sar-me-ain'-to], 
 Argentine statesman, XIV. 634. 
 
 Sarmiento, Aft., VII. 549, 2 a; XV. 749, 1 a. 
 
 Sierra de, XIII. 154, 1 c. 
 
 Sarnen, league of, Swiss, XV. 531, 2 c. 
 
 Sarnia, town of Canada, XIV. 634. 
 
 Sarno, town of Italy, XIV. 634. 
 
 Saros [sha'-rosli], county of Hungary, XIV. 634. 
 Sarpfoss, cataract, Norway, VIII. 35, 1 b. 
 Sarpi, Paolo, Italian historian, XIV. 634. 
 Sarpy, county, XIV. 635. 
 
 Sarracenia (botany): see Pitciier Plants, 
 
 XIII. 547, 2 ab. S. purpurea, 2 b (ill.); 
 548, 1 b, 2 ab. Other species, 2 be, ff. 
 
 Sarsaparilla, drug, XIV. 635. Indian, 2 c. 
 
 American or false, ib. German, 748, 1 a. 
 Sartenilla of Andalusia [sar-ta-ne'-lya], VI. 
 390, 2 a. 
 
 Sarthe [sart], department of France, XIV. 635. 
 Sarti, Giuseppe, Italian composer, XIV. 636. 
 Sarto, Andrea Vanucchi del, Italian painter, 
 
 XIV. 636. 
 
 Sarts, race, IX. 820, 2 c (according to Vam- 
 bery) ; XVI. 67, 1 c, 239, 2 b (more cor¬ 
 rectly, according to Shaw and Schuyler). 
 Sarum, Old, England, XIV. 636. New Sarum, 
 2 ab. See Salisbury. 
 
 Sarum use , prayer book, V. 153, 1 ab. 
 Sarvarthasiddha (Buddha), III. 393, 2 a. 
 Sarzana, Tommaso da [sar-dza'-na], (Pope 
 Nicholas V.), XII. 429, 2 b. 
 
 Saskatchewan, river of British America, XIV. 
 636. 
 
 Sassafras, tree, XIV. 637. S. officinale, 1 a (ill.). 
 Sassan'idze, Persian dynasty, XIV. 638. 
 Sassari [sas'-sa-re], province of Sardinia, XIV. 
 
 638. Capital city, 1 b, 
 
 Sassia, part of Rome, X. 354, 1 be. 
 Sassoferrato [sas-so-fair-ra'-to], (Giovanni 
 Battista Salvi), Italian painter, XIV. 638. 
 Sassoline [sas'-so-lin], native boric acid, III. 96, 
 1 a, 2 a. 
 
 Sasteretsi: see Wyandots. 
 
 Satan : see Devil, and Lucifer. 
 
 Satanael, in Bogomile theology, II. 361, 1 b. 
 Satara : see Sattara. 
 
 Satellite , secondary planet: see Moon ; Jupi¬ 
 ter, IX. 719, 2 ab; Neptune, XII. 229, 1 b; 
 Saturn, XIV. 641, 1 ab; Uranus, XVI. 220, 
 2 c; and Mars (Index). 
 
 Satellite machine, kind of orrery, XII. 711, 2 a. 
 Satin Bower Bird : see Bower Bird. 
 
 Satin Spar, mineral, XIV. 638. 
 
 Satin Wood, of commerce, XIV. 638; 1.807,1 a. 
 Satsuma [sat-soo'-ma], province of Japan, XIV. 
 
 638. Clan, 2 be. See Kagoshima. 
 
 Sattalieh [sat-ta'-le-eh]: see Adalia. 
 
 Sattara [sat-ta'-ra], collectorate of Bombay, 
 
 XIV. 639. Capital, 1 c. 
 
 Saturation, of a vapor, XVI. 265,1 ab. Tem¬ 
 perature of saturation under given pressure, 
 
 XV. 326, 2 a. 
 
 Saturday, XIV. 639. Holy, VI. 374, 2 a. 
 Saturn, in mythology, XIV. 639. 
 
 Saturn, sixth planet, XIV. 639. Discoveries 
 respecting, XII. 567, 2 a. Triple appear¬ 
 ance of, discovered by Galileo, VII. 567, 2 b. 
 Discovery of his ring, IX. 97, 2 b. Peirce’s 
 theory respecting the rings, XIII. 228, 1 c. 
 Saturnalia, ancient Italian festival, XIV. 641. 
 Saturnia (entomology), XV. 45, 1 a. S. (Sa¬ 
 rnia) Cynthia, 1 ab, b; Mylitta, 1 ab; Io, 
 XI. 869, 1 c; Maia, ib. 
 
 Saturnia (Italy), IX. 449, 1 ab. 
 
 Saturni'adoe (entomology), X. 869, 1 b. 
 Sa'tyrs, in Greek mythology, XIV. 642. 
 
 Sau [zow], river: see Save. 
 
 Sauchieburn , battle of, II. 287, 2 c; IX. 515,2 ab. 
 Sauco'na, river : see Saone. 
 
 Sauk, county, XIV. 642. 
 
 Sauk Rapids, county seat, II. 542, 1 b. 
 
 Sauks : see Sacs. 
 
 Saul, king of Israel, XIV. 642. 
 
 Saul, tree, IX. 203, 2 ab. 
 
 Saulcy, Louis Felicien Joseph Caignart do 
 [duh so-se], French antiquary, XIV. 642. 
 Sault Ste. Marie : see Saint Mary’s Strait. 
 Sault Ste. Marie [soo saint ma'-re; Fr. so 
 sa ng t ma-re], or Sault de Ste. Marie, village 
 of Michigan, XIV. 642. Of Canada, 2 be. 
 Saumaise [so-maiz]: see Salmasius. 
 
 Saumur [so-mtir], town of France, XIV. 642. 
 Saunders, county, XIV. 643. 
 
 Saunders, Prince, Haytian lawyer, XIV. 643. 
 Saunderson, Nicholas, English mathematician, 
 XIV. 643. 
 
 Saunders wood( red sandalwood), XIV. 597,1 c. 
 
SAUPPE 
 
 Sauppe, Hermann [sow'-pSh], German philolo¬ 
 gist, XIY. 643. 
 
 Saurians, order of reptiles, XIV. 643. 
 
 Saurin, Jacques [so-ra"*], French Protestant 
 clergyman, XIV. 643. u Saurin’s Bible,” 2 b. 
 
 Sauroids , family of, VII. 616, 1 c. 
 
 Saurom'atce , XIV. 634, 1 a (Sarmatia). 
 
 Saurophidians, referred to, II. 723, 2 ab. 
 
 Saurophthalmes [so-ro-ftalm], XV. 80, 1 b 
 (Skink). 
 
 Saurop'sida, division of vertebrates, XIV. 643. 
 
 Saururvs (botany), X. 552, 1 be. S. cernuus, 
 ib. (ill.). 
 
 Saussure, Horace B6n6dict de [duh so-slir], 
 Swiss naturalist, XIV. 643. His vesicular 
 theory of clouds, and their suspension in the 
 air, IV. 709, 2 c ; I. 117, 1 c. Theory of 
 glacial motion, VII. 829, 2 c.—Xicolas Theo¬ 
 dore, XIV. 644,1 a. Albertine Adrienne, ib. 
 
 Sauternes [so-tairn], district of France, VII. 
 411, 1 c. Wines of, ib. 
 
 Sauteux [so-tuh], (Ojibways), XII. 605, 2 c. 
 
 Sauveur, Joseph [so-vuhr], French mathema¬ 
 tician, XIV. 644. 
 
 Sauvolle [so-vul], first colonial governor of 
 Louisiana, X. 338, 1 c; II. 629, 2 a. 
 
 Savage , John (born 1828, editor and author), 
 Fenian leader, VII. 129,1 ab; 130,1 a, be, 2 b. 
 
 Savage, Marmion W., Irish novelist, XIV. 644. 
 
 Savage, Richard, English poet, XIV. 644. 
 
 Savage , Dr. T. S. (American missionary), dis¬ 
 coverer of the gorilla, VIII. 115, 2 c, ff. 
 
 Savage of Aveyron, wild boy, IX. 170, 2 b. 
 
 Savannah, city of Georgia, XIV. 644 (view). 
 Description, 1 b. Public edifices, 1 c. De¬ 
 fences, 645, 1 c. Commerce, ib. Govern¬ 
 ment, 646, 1 a. Education, 1 ab. Church¬ 
 es, 1 b. History, 1 be. 
 
 Savannah , county seats, I. 485, 1 a; III. 489, 
 1 a; VIII. 453, 2 a. 
 
 Savannah cricket , XV. 855, 1 a. 
 
 Savannah River : see Georgia, VII. 716, 2 c. 
 
 Savannahs: see Yemassees, and Shawnees, 
 XIV. 833, 1 a. 
 
 Savary, Anne Jean Marie Rene [sa-va-re], 
 duke of Rovigo, French soldier, XIV. 646; 
 I. 306, 2 a. 
 
 Save, river of S. Europe, XIV. 646. 
 
 Savery, Thomas , steam engine of, XV. 339, 2 b. 
 
 S avigny, Friedrich Karl von [sa-ve'-nye], Ger¬ 
 man jurist, XIV. 647. 
 
 Savile, George [sav'-il], marquis of Halifax, 
 English statesman, XIV. 647. 
 
 Saville : see Savile. 
 
 43 
 
 SAXICAVA 673 
 
 Sav'in : see Juniper, IX. 716, 1 b (twice). 
 
 Fungus upon, VII. 533, 1 a. 
 
 Savings Bank, XIV. 647. The first established 
 in Great Britain, 2 ab: see Wakefield, Pris¬ 
 cilla. First in France, 648, 2 c; X. 174, 
 1 be. Post-office savings banks, XIV. 648, 
 
 1 c; XIII. 749, 2 b. 
 
 Savitri [sa-ve'-tre], in Hindoo theology, IX. 223, 
 
 2 be; 225, 1 a. 
 
 Savoie [sa-vwa], department of France: see 
 Savoy, XIV. 650, 2 a. 
 
 Savoie, Haute: see IIaute-Savoie. 
 
 Savo'na, city of Italy, XIV. 649. 
 Savonaro'la, Girolamo, Italian reformer, XIV. 
 
 649. Condemnation and execution, 2 b. 
 Savonarola,Don Jeremy a,. 
 
 Savonnerie [sa-vun-re], carpet manufactory, 
 Paris, IV. 160, 1 c. 
 
 Sav'oy, territory of France, XIV. 649. De¬ 
 partment of Savoie, 650, 2 a. History, ib. 
 Savoy , St. Mary le , church, London, X.598,1 be. 
 Savoy conference , London, V. 154, 2 be. 
 
 Savus, river: see Save. 
 
 Saw, mechanical instrument, XIV. 651. In 
 ancient times, 1 ab. Forms, 1 b. Manufac¬ 
 ture of, 1 c. Teeth, 2 ab. Circular saws, 
 652, 1 ab ; chain saws, 1 c; band saws, 2 a. 
 Saws worked by water power, 2 ab. 
 
 Sawbill (goosander), VIII. 104, 1 c. 
 
 Saw Fish, XIV. 652. Common, 653, 1 c (ill.). 
 Saw Fly, XIV. 653. Elm saw fly, 2 c (ill.); 
 
 fir, 654, 1 ab (ill.); pine, 1 c; vine, ib. (ill.). 
 Saw-whet (owl), XII. 755, 1 ab. 
 
 Sawyer, Thomas Jefferson, American clergy¬ 
 man, XIV. 654. Caroline M., author, 2 b. 
 Sax: see Slate, XV. 88, 1 c. 
 
 Saxe, John Godfrey, American author, XIV. 
 654. 
 
 Saxe, Maurice, count de, marshal of France, 
 XI V. 655; X. 42, 1 c. Relations with the 
 young pretender, IV. 311, 2 be. 
 Saxe-Altenburg : see Altenburg. 
 Saxe-Coburg : see Coburg. 
 
 Saxe - Coburg - Gotha [sax-ko'-boorg-go'-ta], 
 duchy of the German empire, XIV. 655. 
 Saxe-Lauenburg : see Lauenburg. 
 Saxe-Meiningen-Hildburghausen [-mi'-ning- 
 en-hild'-boorg-how-zen], duchy, XIV. 655. 
 
 Saxe-Weimar-Eisena ch [-vi'-mar-i'-zeh-na k h],, 
 grand duchy, XIV. 656. 
 
 Sax horn , musical instrument, VIII. 818, 1 be. 
 Saxic’ava (mollusca), XV. 400, 2 be. S. rugo- 
 sa, ib. 
 
 Saaicava sand , VI. Ill, 2 c. 
 
674 
 
 SAXICOLA 
 
 SCARLATTI 
 
 Saxic'ola ruble'ola (ornithology), XV. 400, 2 c 
 (ill.). S. rubetra, 401, 1 b. 
 
 Saxif'raga (botany), XIV. 656, 1 be. S. Vir- 
 giniensis, 1 c (ill.); Pennsylvania, 2 b; 
 crassifolia, 2 c (ill.); umbrosa, ib. ; peltata 
 and sarmentosa, 657, 1 a. Leaves of S. cras¬ 
 sifolia a substitute for tea, I. 358, 2 b. 
 Sax'ifrage, plant, XIV. 656. Early or Vir¬ 
 ginian, 1 c (ill.); swamp, 2 b; thick-leaved, 
 
 2 c (ill.); umbrella, 657, 1 a. Beefsteak 
 and strawberry geranium, &c., ib. 
 
 Saxnot , in Saxon mythology, XII. 120, 1 c. 
 Saxo Grammaticus, Danish historian, XIV. 
 657. His history of Denmark, I. 33, 2 b; 
 VI. 17, 2 a. 
 
 Saxonia Transalbiana , VIII. 772, 2 a. 
 
 Saxons, XIV. 657; VII. 739, 1 b. Saxon 
 dynasty in Germany, 753,1 a. Saxon archi¬ 
 tecture, I. 661, 1 b; 662, 2 a. 
 
 Saxons , in Transylvania, XV. 846, 2 a, ab. Land 
 of the, 2 be. 
 
 Saxon Switzerland , XIV. 658, 1 a. 
 
 Saxony, kingdom of Germany, XIV. 657. 
 
 Government, 658, 1 be. History, 2 a. 
 Saxony, province of Prussia, XIV. 659. 
 
 Saxony blue , in dyeing, VI. 341, 2 be. 
 
 Saxton, Joseph, American inventor, XIV. 
 659. His metallic thermometer (for ocean 
 depths), II. 74, 2 a. 
 
 Say, Jean Baptiste, French political economist, 
 XIV. 659; XIII. 671, 1 ab. Horace Emile 
 and L6on, XIV. 660, 1 a. 
 
 Say, Thomas, American naturalist, XIV. 660. 
 Sayanian range , Altai mountains, I. 358, 1 c. 
 Saybrooh (post township and village, Conn., on 
 Long Island sound), origin of the name, VII. 
 132, 1 c. First seat of Yale college, XVI. 
 763, 2 b. Saybrook synod (of Congregation- 
 alists, authors of the Saybrook platform), V. 
 244, 2 b. 
 
 Sayer's plot, alluded to, III. 174, 1 c. 
 Sayornisfuscus (ornithol ogy), XIII.376,lb (ill.). 
 Scabbard Fish, XIV. 660. Silvery hair-tail, 
 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Scabeccio [ska-bet'-clio], preserved tunny, VII. 
 228, 2 be. 
 
 Scabies [ska'-be-eez] : see Itch. 
 
 Soj2vola, Caius Mucius [sev'-o-la], legendary 
 Roman hero, XIV. 660 ; XIII. 721, 1 a. 
 Quintus Mucius, the augur, XIV. 660, 2 b. 
 Quintus Mucius, the pontifex, ib. ; X. 193, 2 c. 
 Scala [ska'-la], noble Italian family, XIV. 660. 
 Scalaria (mollusca), XVI. 553, 2 a. S. Groen- 
 landica, 2 ab. S. pretiosa, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Scald [skawld]: see Burns and Scalds. 
 
 Scaldis , river: see Scheldt. 
 
 Scalds [skalds], Scandinavian bards, II. 307, 
 
 1 a; IX. 155, 1 be (skalds). 
 
 Scale, a graduated line, XIV. 661; XVI. 537, 
 
 2 c. See Gunter, and Sector. 
 
 Scale, Musical: see Music, XII. 78, 2 a. 
 Scales: see Weighing Machines. 
 
 Scales, of fishes : see Comparative Anatomy, 
 V. 183, 1 c. 
 
 Scales , of a lily bulb, X. 267, 1 ab. 
 
 Scal'iger, Julius Caesar, Italian philologist, 
 XIV. 661. Joseph Justus, 1 c. 
 
 Scaligerana, 1.448, 2 be (Ana) ; XIV.661,2 ab. 
 Scaligeri [ska-lij'-e-re]: see Scala. 
 
 Scallions , XII. 631, 1 be (Onion). 
 
 Scallop [skol'-lup], bivalve, XIV. 661 (ill.). 
 Sca'lops (zoology), XI. 705,1 be; 706,1 c (ill.). 
 S. aquaticus, 2 a. 
 
 Scalps , Indian , first brought to Boston, III. 
 127, 1 ab. 
 
 Scaly Ant-eater: see Pangolin. 
 
 Scamander, river of Troas, XIV. 662. See 
 Troy, XVI. 9, 2 c. 
 
 Scammony, plant and drug, XIV. 662 (ill.). 
 
 Adulteration of, I. 134, 1 c, 2 a. 
 Scan'derbeg, Albanian prince, XIV. 662; I. 
 244, 2 c. 
 
 Scandinavia, XIV. 663. 
 
 Scandinavian cosmogony , XII. 119, 2 b. 
 Scanso'res, order of birds, XIV. 663. 
 Scapa'nus (zoology), XI. 706, 1 c. S. aquati¬ 
 cus, ib. 
 
 Scapegrace , bird, VI. 153, 1 c. 
 
 Scape wheel , of a clock or watch, IV. 696, 2 b. 
 Scaphidu'rus (ornithology), VIII. 146, 1 c. 
 Scapino [ska-pe'-no], VIII. 463, 2 a (Harle¬ 
 quin). 
 
 Scap'ular, part of a religious habit, XIV. 663. 
 
 Alleged gift of the Virgin Mary, XI. 218, 1 b. 
 Scapulars , in plumage, VII. 105, 2 c. 
 
 Scarabce'i, in gem engraving, VII. 663, 2 a. 
 Scarabceidce (entomology), XIV. 663, 2 be; II. 
 477, 1 c. 
 
 SoARABiEUS, genus of beetles, XIV. 663 (ill., 
 664); II. 477,1 ab. S. enema (ill.), ib. ; pil- 
 lularius, 469, 1 ab; sacer, XIV. 60, 1 b, 664, 
 1 a; iEgyptiorum, ib. 
 
 Scarborough, town of England, XIV. 664. 
 Scarificator , in cupping, V. 579, 1 b. 
 Scarlatina: see Fevers, VII. 170, 1 ab. S. 
 
 anginosa, 1 c. S. rheumatica, VI. 8, 2 a. 
 Scarlatti, Alessandro, Italian composer, XIV. 
 664. Domenico, composer, 1 c. 
 
SCARLET 
 
 SCHISM 
 
 675 
 
 Scarlet Fever: see Fevers, VII. 170, 1 ab. 
 Scarlett , Sir James: see Abinger, Lord. 
 
 Scaro [ska'-ro], fish, XIII. 127, 2 be. 
 
 Scarpa, Antonio, Italian anatomist, XIV. 664. 
 
 Scarpa’s needle, for couching, IV. 102, 1 c. 
 Soarpanto, island of Turkey, XIV. 664. 
 Scarpe , in heraldry, VIII. 672, 1 c. 
 
 Scarp walls , in fortification, VII. 329, 1 be. 
 Scarron, Paul [skar-rd ng ], French author, XI V. 
 
 664. See Maintenok, XI. 39, 2 b. 
 
 Scarus (ichthyology), XIII. 127, 1 b (ill.). S. 
 
 Cretensis, 2 ab. S. Abilgaardii and guaca- 
 maia, 2 c. 
 
 Scatoph'aga (entomology), VI. 130, 1 be. S. 
 
 stercoraria, VII. 295, 1 b; furcata, ib. 
 
 Scaup duck , VI. 289, 2 ab (ill., 288); III. 733, 
 2 ab, 734, l a. 
 
 Scaurijs, Marcus iEmilius, Roman senator and 
 consul, XIV. 664. Officer and peculator, 2 c. 
 Betrayer of Pompey, 665, 1 b. Mamercus, 
 orator and poet, ib. 
 
 ‘‘Scavengers daughter , the” instrument of tor¬ 
 ture, XV. 815, 1 b. 
 
 Scelidotherium , extinct animal, XII. 110, 2 be. 
 Scena, in a Greek theatre, XV. 685, 2 a. 
 Schaaffhausen [shaf-how-zen], archaeologist, 
 VII. 198, 2 c; 199, 1 a. 
 
 Schabziegerkdse [shap'-tse-gher-ka-zeh], IV. 
 352, 2 b. 
 
 Schadow, Johann Gottfried [sha'-do], German 
 sculptor, XIV. 665. Friedrich Wilhelm von 
 Schadow-Godenhaus, painter, 1 c. 
 
 Schafarik [sha'-fa-rik], (Paul Joseph, 1795- 
 1861), Slavic scholar, II. 789, 2 b, c; XV. 
 103, 2 a, 104, 2 a. 
 
 Schafer, Heinrich [sha'-fer], German historian, 
 XIV. 665. 
 
 Sohaff, Philip [shaf], American scholar, XIV. 
 
 665. His views of the Lutheran worship, 
 X. 734, 1 ab. 
 
 Schaffhausen [shaf'-how-zen], canton of 
 Switzerland, XIV. 666. Capital, 1 b. 
 Scharlachberger wine [shar'-la k h-bair-gher], II. 
 644, 1 c. 
 
 Schauf'fler, William Gottlieb [Ger. show'- 
 fler], American missionary, XIV. 666. 
 Schaumburg-Lippe [showm'-boorg-lip'-peh], 
 principality of Germany, XIV. 666. 
 Scheele, Karl Wilhelm [sha'-leli], Swedish 
 chemist, XIV. 666. His investigations and 
 discoveries in chemistry, IV. 362, 1 c. 
 Scheele' 1 s green [sheelz], V. 319, 1 a. 
 
 Scheeletine [sheel'-e-tin], mineral, XVI. 30, 1 b. 
 Scheen: see Schene (Index). 
 
 Schef'fer, Ary [Fr. shefr’], French painter, 
 XIV. 666; IV. 242, 2 b. Henri, painter, 
 XIV. 666, 2 be. 
 
 Scheffler , Johann: see Angelus Silesitts. 
 
 Scheiner [shi'-ner], (Christoph, 1575-1650, Ger¬ 
 man Jesuit and professor), discovery of the 
 sun spots by (1611), XV. 471, 2 a. 
 
 Scheldt [skelt], river, XIV. 666. 
 
 Schelestadt [shail-stat]: see Sciilettstadt. 
 
 Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von 
 [shel'-ling], German philosopher, XIV. 667. 
 See Moral Philosophy, XI. 813, 2 a; Phi¬ 
 losophy, XIII. 430, 1 a, 442, 1 c. 
 
 “Schellingism , New” XIV. 669, 2 ab. 
 
 Schema de Parvo [ske'-ma], Roman Catholic 
 catechism, IV. 105, 1 b. 
 
 Schemnitz [shem'-nits], town of Hungary, 
 XIV. 669. 
 
 Schenck, Robert Cumming [skenk], American 
 statesman, XIV. 670. 
 
 Schene [sheen], (Richmond, Eng.), XIV. 322, 2 c. 
 
 Schenectady [ske-nek'-ta-de], county, XIV. 
 670. 
 
 Schenectady, city of New York, XIV. 670. 
 
 Schenkbier [shenk'-beer], II. 469, 2 c (Beer). 
 
 Schenkel, Daniel [sken'-kel], German theolo¬ 
 gian, XIV. 670. 
 
 Scheria [ske'-re-a], legendary island, XIV. 
 670; V. 351, 2 b. 
 
 Scherr, Johannes [shair], author, XIV. 670. 
 
 Scherzer, Karl von, chevalier [shair'-tser], 
 traveller, XIV. 670. 
 
 Scherzo [skair'-tso], in music, XII. 91, 1 b. 
 
 Scheutz , G. and E. [shoits], calculating ma¬ 
 chine of, III. 569, 2 b. 
 
 Scheveningen [ska'-ven-ing-en], Dutch water¬ 
 ing place, XIV. 671. 
 
 Schick, Gottlieb [shik], German painter, XIV. 
 671. 
 
 Schiedam [ske'-dam], town, Netherlands, XIV. 
 671. Schiedam schnapps, 1 c. See Gin. 
 
 Schiller, Johann Christoph Friedrich von 
 [shil'-ler], German poet, XIV. 671; VII. 
 767, 2 ab. 
 
 Schilling, Johannes, sculptor, XIV. 672. 
 
 Schinderhannes [shin'-der-lian-ness], predatory 
 leader, IV. 343, 2 c. 
 
 Sciiinkel, Karl Friedrich, architect and painter, 
 XIV. 672. 
 
 Schinus [ski'-nus], (botany), XIII. 281, 1 ab. 
 S. molle, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Schism , the great [sizm], between the Greek 
 and Roman churches, VIII. 218, 1 a. Found¬ 
 er of, XIII. 467, 2 c. 
 
670 
 
 SCHISM 
 
 SCHOMBURGK 
 
 Schism , the great western , in the Roman church, 
 V. 268, 1 b. See Clement VII., IV. 662, 
 
 1 b-c. Termination of, 2 c. 
 
 Schistes o'nyx [skis'-teez], (mineralogy), for 
 cutting cameos, III. 653, 1 a. 
 
 Schists [sliists], XV. 87, 2 b (Slate). 
 
 Schizogeny [skiz-oj'-e-ne], a form of agamic 
 multiplication, XV. 320, 2 be. 
 
 Schlagintweit, Hermann, Adolf, and Robert 
 [shla'-ghin-twite], German travellers, XIV. 
 672; VIII. 733, 2 b. Eduard, soldier and 
 author, XIV. 673, 2 b. Emil, orientalist, ib. 
 
 Schlattee, Michael [shlat'-ter], Swiss mission¬ 
 ary, XIV. 673. 
 
 Schlegel, August Wilhelm von [shla'-ghel], 
 German scholar, XIV. 674. Friedrich Karl 
 Wilhelm von, author, 1 c ; XI. 807, 2 a. See 
 Geemany, Language and Literature of, VII. 
 768, 1 be. 
 
 Sohleichee, August [shli'-Tier], philologist, 
 XIV. 674. 
 
 Schleiden, Matthias Jakob [shli'-den], bota¬ 
 nist, XIV. 674. 
 
 Schleieemaohee, Friedrich Daniel Ernst [shll'- 
 er-ma- k her], theologian, XIV. 675. See 
 Moeal Philosophy, XI. 807, 2 c, 813, 2 ab; 
 Philosophy, XIII. 442, 1 b. 
 
 Schleiz [shlites]: see Reuss. 
 
 Schlestadt [shla'-stat]: see Schlettstadt. 
 
 Schleswig [Ger. shies'-vi e h], part of Schleswig- 
 Holstein, XIV. 676. History, 1 ab. City, 1 c. 
 
 Schleswig-Holstein [-hole'-stine], province of 
 Prussia, XIV. 676. History, 2 be; VI. 14, 
 1 ab; VII. 757, 2 a. 
 
 Schlettstadt [shlet'-st&t], town of Alsace, 
 XIV. 677. 
 
 Schley [shla], county, XIV. 677. 
 
 Schliemann, Heinrich [shle'-man], German 
 traveller, XIV. 677. 
 
 Schlossberg [shluss'-bairg], at Laybach, castle 
 on the, X. 239, 2 b. At Eisenstadt, palace 
 of the, VI. 484, 1 b. 
 
 Schlossee, Friedrich Christoph [shlus'-ser], 
 German historian, XIV. 678. 
 
 Schlozee, August Ludwig von [shlo'-tser], his¬ 
 torian, XIV. 678. Kurd von, author, 2 b. 
 
 Schmalkalden : see Smalcald. 
 
 Schmet , assumed name, VII. 582, 2 ab. 
 
 Schmicl (Josias), assistant of Pestalozzi, XIII. 
 348, 1 ab, b. 
 
 Schmid, Leopold [shmit], German theologian, 
 XIV. 678. 
 
 Schmidt , A. TF. von, his plan for removing 
 Blossom rock, III. 701, 2 be. 
 
 Schmidt, Heinrich Julian, German author, 
 XIV. 679. 
 
 Schmidt (Johann Friedrich Julian, born 1825), 
 astronomer, XI. 800, 2 b (Moon). 
 
 Schnaase, Karl [shna'-zeh], author, XIV. 679. 
 
 Schneekoppe [shna'-kup-peh], mountain, XIV. 
 327, 1 b. 
 
 Schneidemuhl [shnl'-deh-mul], (town of Posen, 
 Prussia), Confession of (German Catholic), 
 
 VII. 736, 2 a. New Confession of, 2 b. 
 
 Schneidee, Eugene [shna-dair], French politi¬ 
 cian, XIV. 679. (Died 1875.) 
 
 Schneidee, Hortense Catherine, French ac¬ 
 tress, XIV. 679. 
 
 Schneidee, Johann Gottlob [shni'-der], Ger¬ 
 man philologist, XIV. 679. 
 
 Schneiderian membrane (named from Konrad 
 Victor Schneider, professor at Wittenberg, 
 died 1680), XII. 516, 1 be, c. 
 
 Schnetz, Jean Victor [shnace], French painter, 
 XIV. 679. 
 
 Schnoee von Kaeolsfeld, Julius [shnur fon 
 ka'-rolss-felt], German painter, XIV. 679. 
 Ludwig Ferdinand, painter, 2 b. 
 
 Schcelchee, Victor [shail-shair], French au¬ 
 thor, XIV. 679. 
 
 Schoffee, Peter [sho'-fer or shef'-fer], German 
 printer, XIV. 680; VII. 96, 2 c, 97, lb; 
 
 VIII. 341, 2 ab. Johann, referred to, 2 b. 
 
 ScnoFiELD, John McAllister [sko'-feeld], Amer¬ 
 ican soldier, XIV. 680. 
 
 Schohaeie [sko-ha'-re], county, XIV. 680. 
 
 Schoharie , county seat, XIV. 680, 2 a. 
 
 Schoiffer : see Schoffee. 
 
 Scholars , at Oxford, XII. 764, 1 b. Scholar¬ 
 ships, 2 b. 
 
 Scholasticism: see Philosophy, XIII. 439, 
 1 b, c; Moeal Philosophy, XI. 811, 1 ab; 
 Abelaed, I. 19, 1 ab. 
 
 Scholastic method , in logic, X. 580, 1 c. 
 
 “ Scholastic novices ,” Jesuit, IX. 626, 1 c. 
 
 Scholastic philosophy: see Scholasticism (In¬ 
 dex). 
 
 Scholastics, formed, Jesuit, IX. 626, 2 a. 
 
 Scholia Veneta , of the Iliad, XVI. 357, 1 a. 
 
 Scholten, Johannes Hendrik [skol'-ten], Dutch 
 theologian, XIV. 680. 
 
 Schombeeg, Frederick Hermann,duke of [shom'- 
 berg], English soldier, XIV. 680. 
 
 Schombeeg, Henri de, count [sho ng -bair],French 
 soldier, XIV. 681. Charles, 1 b. Mar6- 
 chale de, ib. 
 
 Schombuegk, Sir Robert Hermann [shom'- 
 burk], English traveller, XIV. 681. 
 
SCIIONBEIN 
 
 SCHWARZENBERG 
 
 677 
 
 ScnoNBEiN, Christian Friedrich [shon'-bine], 
 German chemist, XIV. 681. 
 
 Schonbrunn [shon'-broon], gardens of, near Vi¬ 
 enna, XVI. 352,1 a. Peace of, VII. 420,1 be. 
 Schoodic river [skoo'-dik]: see Saint Croix, 
 river. 
 
 School Brothers and School Sisters, XIV. 
 
 681. School sisters, 682, 1 be. 
 
 Schoolcraft, county, XIV. 683. 
 
 Schoolcraft, Henry Rowe, American author, 
 XIV. 683; XVI. 193, 2 b, 204, 1 a. Re¬ 
 ferred to, VIII. 10, 2 be. 
 
 Schoolefs mountain , referred to, XI. 844, 1 c. 
 “ School of the heart f Jesuit, IX. 627, 1 a. 
 Schools : see College, Common Schools, Edu¬ 
 cation, Infant Schools, Military Schools, 
 Normal Schools, Reformatories, and Uni¬ 
 versity. 
 
 School system, public, Roman Catholic oppo¬ 
 sition to, IX. 33, 2 b. 
 
 Schooner, XIV. 855, 2 a; XII. 188, 2 be ; XVI. 
 761, 2 be. 
 
 Schooten’s islands [sko'-tenz], I. 128, 2 a. 
 Schopenhauer, Arthur [sho'-pen-how-er], Ger¬ 
 man philosopher, XIV. 683. See Moral 
 Philosophy, XI. 813, 2 b; Philosophy, XIII. 
 442, 2 c. 
 
 Schorl [shorl], XV. 823, 1 be (Tourmaline). 
 Schrader, Julius [shra'-der], German painter, 
 XIV. 684. 
 
 Schrankia [skran'-ke-a], (botany), XI. 568, 1 b. 
 
 S. uncinata and angustata, ib. 
 
 Schreckhorn [shrek'-horn], Alpine peak, I. 352, 
 
 1 a. 
 
 Schrevel [skra'-vel]: see Schrevelius. 
 ScnREVELius, Cornelius [skra-va'-le-us], Dutch 
 scholar, XIV. 684. 
 
 Schreyer, Adolph [shrl'-er], German painter, 
 XIV. 684. 
 
 ScnROCKH, Johann Matthias [shrok], historian, 
 XIV. 684. 
 
 ScnRODER, Antoinette Sophie, actress, XIV. 684. 
 
 Wilhelmine Schroder-Devrient, singer, 2 b. 
 Schroder, Friedrich Ludwig, actor, XIV. 684. 
 Sciirodter, Adolph [shro'-ter], painter, XIV. 
 685. 
 
 Schroeder van der Kolk [skroo'-der], theory of 
 the coagulation of the blood, II. 734, 2 a. 
 Schron's tables, of logarithms, X. 578, 2 a. 
 Schroter (Johann Hieronymus, 1745-1816), ob¬ 
 servations of the moon by, XI. 800, 1 a. 
 Sciiubart, Christian Friedrich Daniel [shoo'- 
 bart], German poet, XIV. 685. 
 
 Schubert, Franz, composer, XIV. 685. 
 
 Schubert, Gottliilf Heinrich von, mystic, XIA r . 
 
 685. 
 
 Schulenburg, Wolfradine, countess vonder[ shoo'- 
 len-boorg]: see Minutoli, XI. 622, 1 c. 
 Schulte, Johann Friedrich [shool'-teh], theo¬ 
 logian, XIV. 685. 
 
 Schultze, Max [shool'-tseh], anatomist, XIV. 
 
 686. See Protoplasm, XIV. 35, 1 be. 
 Sciiultz-Schultzenstein [shoolts-slioolts'-en- 
 
 stine], Karl Heinrich, physiologist, XIV. 686. 
 Schulze, Ernst Konrad Friedrich [shool'-tseh], 
 poet, XIV. 686. 
 
 Schulze-Delitzsch, socialist, XV. 142, 2 c. 
 Schumacher, Heinrich Christian [shoo'-mA- 
 k her], Danish astronomer, XIV. 686. Chris¬ 
 tian Andreas, 2 be. 
 
 ScnuMANN, Robert [slioo'-man], German com¬ 
 poser, XIV. 686; XII. 93, 1 be. 
 
 Sciiurz, Carl [shoorts], American statesman, 
 XIV. 687. (Secretary of the interior 1877.) 
 Schuyler [ski'-ler], three counties, XIV. 688. 
 Schuyler, county seat, V. 53, 1 c. 
 
 Schuyler, Philip, American general, XIV. 688. 
 Schuylkill [skool'-kil], river, XIV. 688. 
 Schuylkill, county, XIV. 688. 
 
 Schwab, Gustav [shwap], German poet, XIV. 
 
 688 . 
 
 Schwabe [shwa'-beh], (S. Heinrich, born 1789), 
 observations on the sun spots, XV. 472, 2 b. 
 Schwaben [shwa'-ben]: see Swabia. 
 Schwabisch- Gmiind [shwa'-bish-] : see Gmund. 
 Schwabisch-Hall: see Hall (in Wtirtemberg). 
 Schwalbach [shwal'-ba k h], German watering 
 place, XIV. 689. 
 
 Schioanenburg [shwa'-nen-boorg], castle of, IV. 
 677, 2 be. 
 
 Schwann, experiments on the use of the bile 
 in digestion, II. 634, 2 a-b. 
 
 Schwanthaler, Ludwig Michael [sliwan'-ta- 
 ler], German sculptor, XIV. 689. 
 
 Schwartz, Marie Sophie [shwarts], novelist, 
 XIV. 689. 
 
 Schwartzenberg ; see Schwarzenberg. 
 Schwarz, Berthold, alchemist, XIV. 689. 
 Schwarz, Christian Friedrich, missionary,XIV. 
 689. 
 
 Schw arzburg-Rudolstadt [shwarts' - boorg- 
 roo'-dole-stat], principality, XIV. 689. 
 
 ScnwARZBURG-SoNDERSHAUSEN [-zun'- derce- 
 
 how-zen], principality, XIV. 689. 
 Schwarzenberg, Friedrich Johann Joseph Ce- 
 lestinus von [sliwar'-tsen-bairg], Austrian 
 cardinal, XIV. 689. 
 
 Schwarzenberg, Karl Philipp, prince, and duke 
 
678 
 
 SCHWARZ WALD 
 
 SCOLOPAX 
 
 of Krumau, field marshal, XIV. 690. See 
 Blucher. Felix Ludwig Johann Friedrich, 
 prince, statesman, 1 c; II. 146, 2 b, 147, 
 
 1 ab, c; VI. 542, 1 c. 
 
 Schwarzwald [-valt]: see Black Forest. 
 Schwegler, Albert [shwa'-gler], German his¬ 
 torian, XIV. 690. His definition of philoso¬ 
 phy, XIII. 430, 1 b. 
 
 Schweidnitz [shwide'-nits], town of Prussia, 
 XIV. 690. Principality, 2 be. 
 
 Schweigger, Johann Salomon Christoph [shwi'- 
 gher], physicist, XIV. 690. Schweigger’s 
 multiplier (galvanic), VII. 593, 1 a (ill.); 
 VI. 515, 2 be. 
 
 Schweinfurt [shwine'-foort], town of Bavaria, 
 XIV. 691. 
 
 Schweinfurt green , a poisonous color, XIII. 
 
 53, 1 c; V. 319, 1 ab. 
 
 Schweinfurth : see Schweinfurt. 
 Schweinfurth, Georg August, German trav¬ 
 eller, XIV. 691. 
 
 Schweinitz, Lewis David von [von shwi'-nits], 
 American botanist, XIV. 691. 
 
 Schweinsfeder [shwinss'-fa-der], XII. 98,2 c (ill.). 
 Schweitzer lease [shwi'-tser-ka-zeh], IV. 352,1 c. 
 Schweiz [shwites]: see Switzerland. 
 Sohwenkfeld, Kaspar von [shwenk'-felt], 
 founder of a sect, XIV. 691. Schwenk- 
 felders or Schwenkfeldians, 2 b. 
 
 Schwerin [shwa-reen'], capital of Mecklen- 
 burg-Schwerin, XIV. 691. Palace, 692, 1 a 
 (ill., 691). 
 
 Schwerin, Kurt Christoph von, count, Prussian 
 field marshal, XIV. 692. 
 
 Schwind, Moritz von [fon shwint], German 
 painter, XIV. 692. 
 
 Schwytz [shwits], canton of Switzerland, XIV. 
 692. Capital, 2 a. 
 
 Sciacca [shak'-ka], town of Sicily, XIV. 692. 
 Sciatica [si-at'-e-ka]: see Neuralgia, XII. 
 257, 2 b. 
 
 Sciglio [she'-lyo], promontory of Italy, XIV. 
 
 692. Town, 2 b. 
 
 Scilla [sheel'-la]: see Sciglio. 
 
 Scilla [sil'-la], (botany), XV. 295, 2 a. S. 
 maritima, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Scilla , painter, his work on fossils, VII. 688,1 a. 
 Scillitine [sil'-le-tinj, XV. 295, 2 c (Squill). 
 Scilly Islands, England, XIV. 692. 
 
 Scin'cidce (zoology), XV. 80, 1 a. 
 
 Scinci'ncB (zoology), XV. 80, 1 be. 
 
 Scincoids , referred to, II. 723, 1 c; 724, 1 he. 
 Scincus (zoology), XV. 80, 1 c. S. officinalis, 
 
 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Scinde : see Sinde. 
 
 Scindia : see Gwalior. 
 
 Scio [she'-o], Turkish island, XIV. 693. Capi¬ 
 tal, 2 a. 
 
 Scion , in grafting, VIII. 139, 1 a. 
 
 Scioto [si-o'-to], river of Ohio, XIV. 693. 
 Scioto, county, XIV. 693. 
 
 Scipio, Roman family, XIV. 693. Publius 
 Cornelius Scipio Africanus Major, 2 c. Pu¬ 
 blius Cornelius Scipio HSmilianus Africanus 
 Minor, 694, 2 be. Quintus Cascilius Metel- 
 lus Pius, 695, 1 a. 
 
 Scire Facias [sl'-re fa'-se-as], writ, XIV. 695. 
 Scirocco: see Sirocco. 
 
 Scirophoria , festival, XVI. 108, 2 he. 
 
 Scirpus lacustris (botany), III. 432, 2 c. 
 Scissors-bill , bird, XV. 78, 2 be. 
 
 Sciu'ridce (zoology), XV. 297, 1 ab. 
 Sciurop'terus (zoology): see Pteromys (Index). 
 Sciu'rus (zoology), XV. 297,1 c. S. vulpinus, 
 2 a; cinereus, 2 b; Lodovicianus, 2 c; Caro- 
 linensis or migratorius, ib. (ill., 298) ; fossor, 
 298, 1 b; vulgaris, 1 c (ill.); maximus, 2 b; 
 Hudsonius, IV. 418, 1 b. 
 
 Scivias, revelations of St. Hildegard, VIII. 725, 
 
 1 a. 
 
 Sclavonia: see Slavonia. 
 
 Sclerodac'tylaBria'reus (zoology), XIV. 728,1 c. 
 Sclerogen'idee (ichthyology), VIII. 334, 2 b. 
 Sclero'sis , of the brain, III. 202, 2 b. 
 Sclerosheleton , XIII. 424, 2 b. 
 
 Scleros'tomum syn'gamus (zoology), XIII. 384, 
 
 2 b. 
 
 Sclerot'ic membrane , of the eye, VII. 46, 1 a. 
 Scleroticonyxis , in couching, IV. 102, 1 c. 
 Scleroti'tis , ophthalmic disease, XII. 646, 1 b. 
 Sclerotium (botany), VII. 529, 2 b. S. clavus, 
 VI. 708, 2 a. 
 
 Sclopis de Salerano, Paolo Federigo, count 
 [sklo'-pees da sa-la-ra'-no], Italian jurist, 
 XIV. 695. (Died 1878.) 
 
 Scoffies, Montagnais so called, XII. 149, 1 a. 
 ScoTce , plant (poke), XIII. 641, 1 b. 
 
 Scolaro , Paolo or Paolino [sko-la'-ro], (Pope 
 Clement III.), IV. 661, 1 a. 
 
 Scolecoph’agus (ornithology), VIII. 145, 1 b. 
 S. ferrugineus, 1 be, II. 676, 1 b; cyanO' 
 cephalus, VIII. 145, 2 a. 
 
 Scolex } of the taenia, VI. 666, 1 b (ilk). 
 Scol'ithus (palaeontology), XIV. 695. S. line¬ 
 aris, 696, 1 a (ill., 695). Referred to, XV. 
 282, 2 b. 
 
 Scolopaci'nce (ornithology), XV. 132, 2 b. 
 Scol'opax rustic'ola (ornithology), XVI. 707, 
 
SCOLOPENDRA 
 
 SCRIVENERS’ PALSY 679 
 
 2 ab ; II. 653; 2 c. S. gallinula, ib.; Wilsonii, 
 654, 1 a. 
 
 Scolopendra (zoology), IV. 203, 1 c, 2 b. S. 
 cingulata, 2 be ; morsitans, 2 c (ill.). Ner¬ 
 vous system of, XII. 234,1 c. 
 
 Scolopendrium (botany), VII. 150, 2 a (ill., S. 
 officinarum). 
 
 Scolpos , firearms, XII. 101, 1 a. 
 
 Scol'ymus Hispan'icus (botany), XII. 774, 2 be. 
 Scomber scombrus (ichthyology), X. 791, 2 b. 
 S. colias, 792,1 ab; vernalis, 1 bo (ill.) ; De- 
 kayi, 794, 1 a. 
 
 Scopas, Greek sculptor, XIV. 696. 
 
 Scops (ornithology), XII. 753, 1 c. S. Asio, 
 
 2 a (ill.); Aldrovandi, 2 b. 
 
 Scopus (ornithology), XVI. 107, 2 b. S. um- 
 bretta, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Scorbutus: see Scukvy. 
 
 Scoresby, William, English navigator, XIV. 
 
 696. William, explorer and clergyman, 1 be. 
 See Arctic Discovery, I. 671, 2 c. 
 
 Scorifier, in assaying, II. 27, 1 b. 
 
 Scorpio (zoology), XIV. 696, 2 b. S. Europseus, 
 
 697, 1 b; occitanus, ib. ; afer, 1 be (ill.). 
 Scorpion, XIV. 696 (ill., 697). Book scorpions, 
 
 697, 2 a. First appearance of, XV. 266, 2 a. 
 See Arachnida. 
 
 Scorzonera Hispanica( botany), XII. 774,2b (ill.). 
 Scot, Reginald, English author, XIV. 697. 
 Scotch pig iron , XIV. 699, 1 b. 
 
 Scoter: see Duck, VI. 291, 1 c. 
 
 Scotia , in the Ionic order, I. 657, 1 c. 
 
 Scotia , a name of Ireland, IX. 356, 1 c. 
 
 Scotists , followers of Duns Scotus, VI. 318, 2 c. 
 Scotland, county, XIV. 697. 
 
 Scotland, kingdom, XIV. 697. (Map.) Coast, 
 2 c. Topography, 698, 1 a. Hydrography, 
 2 a. Geology and minerals, 2 c. Climate, 
 699, 2 a. Flora and fauna, 2 b. Divisions 
 and population, 2 c. Agriculture, 701, 1 a. 
 Mines, 1 c. Fisheries, 2 a. Manufactures, 
 2 b. Commerce, 702, 1 ab. Intercommuni¬ 
 cation, 1 be. Government, 2 ab. Finances, 
 703, 1 ab. Religion, 1 b. Education, 1 c. 
 Periodical press, 2 b. History, 2 c. See 
 England. 
 
 Scotland, Church of: see Presbyterianism, 
 XIII. 810, 1 b. Guarantee for its integrity 
 in the treaty of union, VII. 468, 1 a; XIII. 
 810, 2 be. 
 
 Scots , Celtic tribe, IX. 355, 2 a (Scoti), 356, 
 1 be; XIV. 704, 1 c. 
 
 Scott, name of eleven counties, XIV. 706. 
 Scott, David, Scottish artist, XIV. 707. 
 
 Scott, Michael, reputed wizard, XIV. 707. 
 
 Popular tradition of, VI. 483, 1 a. 
 
 Scott, Thomas, English clergyman, XIV. 707. 
 Scott, Sir Walter, Scottish author, XIV. 707. 
 Controversy with Gourgaud, VIII. 131, 2 c. 
 Scott monument, VI. 406, 1 c (ill.). His 
 recommendation of Irving to Murray, IX. 
 420, 2 a. * 
 
 Scott, Winfield, American general, XIV. 710. 
 Scottophis guttatus (zoology), V. 114, 2 b ; IV. 
 
 420, 2 c. S. quadrivittatus, ib. 
 
 Scottsville , county seat, I. 328, 1 b. 
 
 Scotus, Duns : see Duns Scotus. 
 
 Scotus, John: see Erigena. 
 
 Scougal, Henry, Scottish clergyman, XIV. 711. 
 “ Scourge of God: ” see Attila, II. 95, 1 c. 
 
 “ Scouring the horse f custom of the Berkshire 
 peasantry, II. 562, 1 c. 
 
 Scouring rush , plant, VIII. 832, 1 b. 
 
 Scranton, city of Pennsylvania, XIV. 711. 
 Scraper , in drilling rock, II. 699, 1 be. 
 
 Scratch , in the prize ring, XIV. 74, 1 ab. 
 
 “ Scratches ,” in the horse, VI. 695, 1 c. 
 Screamer, bird, XIV. 711. Horned screamer, 
 2 c (ill.); faithful, 712, 1 a. 
 
 Screen , for cleaning rice, XIV. 309,1 be. 
 
 Screen , VIII. 604, 1 b (Hedge). 
 
 Screens, for anthracite, IV. 68, 1 a. 
 
 Screw, one of the mechanical powers, XIV. 
 712 ; XI. 329,1 a (ill.). Hunter’s differential 
 screw, 1 be. Endless screw, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Screio engine: see Steam Engine, XV. 346, 
 2 ab (ill.). The screw, 348, 2 c; Griffith’s, 
 349, 1 be, 2 a. Pitch of, 2 a; thrust of, 2 c. 
 Tug-boat screw, 1 b (ill.); Hirsh, 2 a (ilk). 
 First naval screw vessel, 354, 1 b. First 
 screw line-of-battle ship, XII. 186, 2 b. U. S. 
 screw ship of war Wabash (ill.), 187. 
 
 Screw pine , XIII. 36, 2 b; XI. 291, 2 c. 
 
 Screw Propeller : see Steam Navigation. 
 Scribbling machine, for carding wool, XVI. 
 718, 2 c. 
 
 Scribe, Augustin Eugene [skreeb], French 
 dramatist, XIV. 712. 
 
 Scribes, among the Hebrews, XIV. 713. 
 Scriblerus club: see Pope, XIII. 709, 2 ab. 
 Scripto'res libra'rii, copyists, XI. 131, 1 c. 
 Scriptorium, copying room, XI, 131, 2 a. 
 Scriptures, Holy : see Bible, and VIII. 591, 
 1 a; XIV. 395, 1 a. 
 
 Scriv'en, county, XIV. 713. 
 
 Scrivener, Frederick Henry, English clergy¬ 
 man and scholar, XIV. 713. 
 
 Scriveners’ Palsy, XIV. 713. 
 
680 
 
 SCROFULA 
 
 SEA LEMON'S 
 
 Scrof'ula, disease, XIY. 714. Scrofulous oph¬ 
 thalmia, XII. 645, 2 b. 
 
 Scrubber , for purifying gas, VII. 637, 1 b. 
 Scruple, weight, XIV. 714. 
 
 Scud'amore (Sir Charles, M. I)., 1778-1850), on 
 coagulation of the blood (“ Essay on the 
 Blood,” 1824), II. 733,1 be, c, 2 be. 
 
 Scudder, John, American missionary, XIV. 
 
 714. Ilenry Martyn, clergyman, 715, 1 a. 
 Scudery, Georges de [skii-da-re], French au¬ 
 thor, XIV. 715. Madeleine de, Mile., author¬ 
 ess, 1 b. 
 
 Sculls, double , row boats, XIV. 458, 2 b. 
 Sculpin : see Bullhead, III. 426, 2 c, 427, 1 b. 
 
 Deep-water, XIV. 739, 2 a. 
 
 Sculpture, XIV. 715. Materials for, 2 a. Poly- 
 chromic sculpture, 716,1 ab; polylithic, ib. ; 
 chryselephantine, 1 b. Origin, ib. Eastern, 
 2 a; Egyptian, 717, 1 a; Etruscan, 2 a; 
 Greek, 2 c; Roman, 720, 1 c; Italian, 721, 
 
 1 a, XII. 796, 2 c; French, &c., XIV. 722, 
 
 2 b; Spanish, 2 c ; German, ib. ; Danish, 
 723, 1 a; English, 1 ab; American, 1 b. 
 
 Soup: see Scuppaug. 
 
 Scuppaug', fish, XIV. 723 (ill.). 
 
 Scuryy, disease, XIV. 724. 
 
 Scurvy Grass, XIV. 724 (ill.). Another, 2 c. 
 Scutari [skoo'-ta-re], town of Asiatic Turkey, 
 XIV. 725; V. 277, 1 b. Of European Tur¬ 
 key, XIV. 725, 1 ab. Lake of, 1 b. 
 Scutching, of flax, VII. 265, 1 a. Of cotton, 
 V. 413, 2 a. 
 
 Scutellaria (botany), XV. 81, 2 b. S. galericu- 
 lata, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Scutibranchiates, order of mollusks,XIV.725. 
 Scutigera [sku-tij'-e-ra], (zoology), IV. 203,2 ab. 
 Scutum , shield, XIV. 853, 2 ab (ill.). 
 
 Scylla : see Sciglio, and Charybdis and 
 ScYLLA. 
 
 Scylla’um: see Sciglio. 
 
 Scylli’ida (ichthyology), XIV. 826, 2 c. 
 Scyllium (ichthyology), VI. 183, 2 b ; XIV. 
 827, 1 a. 
 
 Scym’nida (ichthyology), XIV. 829, 2 b. 
 Scymnus (ichthyology), XIV. 829, 2 b. 
 Scymnus (entomology), X. 90, 2 b. 
 
 Scytale [si'-ta-le], IV. 602, 2 a (Cipher). 
 Scythe and Sickle, XIV. 725. 
 
 Scythia, in ancient geography, XIV. 725. Scyth¬ 
 ians, 2 c, 726,1 b ; XL 332, 2 a; XVI. 42,1 c. 
 Scythianus, alleged founder of the Manichasans, 
 XI. 106, 2 c. 
 
 Scythop'olis, town of Palestine, XIV. 726. 
 Sea : see Ocean. 
 
 Sea Anemone : see Actinia. 
 
 Sea aprons , species of algas, I. 299, 1 c. 
 
 Sea artemisia , XVI. 731, 1 a. 
 
 Sea Bear : see Seal, XIV. 734, 1 ab (ill.). 
 
 Sea beet , II. 472, 1 a. 
 
 Seabury, Samuel, American clergyman, XIV. 
 
 726. Samuel (2d), clergyman, 2 b. 
 
 Sea Cat, fish, XIV. 726. Northern, 727, 1 b 
 (ill.). Wolf fish so called, XVI. 698, 2 c. 
 Sea chicken, fish, VI. 219, 2 ab. 
 
 Sea conch , shell, XV. 875, 2 be (ill.). 
 
 Sea Cow : see Manatee, and VIII. 741, 2 a. 
 Sea Cucumber, marine animal, XIV. 727 (ills.). 
 Sea slug, 2 be; biche de mar or tripang, 728, 
 2 be: see XII. 783, 1 a. 
 
 Sea date shell: see Stone Borer, XV. 400, 2 b. 
 Sea Devil : see Goose Fish, VIII. 109, 2 c. 
 Sea dog : see Seal, XIV. 731, 1 be. 
 
 Sea Doye : see Auk. 
 
 Sea ducks: see Eider Duck, VI. 482, 1 a. 
 
 Sea Egg : see Echinus, VI. 887, 1 b. 
 
 Sea Elephant : see Seal, XIV. 733, 1 c. 
 
 Sea Fan, polyp, XIV. 729 (ill.). 
 
 Sea firs, marine animals, VIII. 165, 2 c. 
 
 Sea Fox: see Shark, XIV. 829, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Sea grapes : see Squid, XV. 294, 1 c. 
 
 Sea gypsies, referred to, II. 264, 2 be. 
 
 Seaham, harbor of, X. 622, 1 ab. 
 
 Sea hare: see Mollusca, XI. 723, 1 a. 
 
 Sea Hog : see Porpoise, XIII. 719, 2 c. 
 
 Sea Horse, osseous fish, XIV. 729 (ill.). See 
 Walrus. 
 
 Sea Kale, plant, XIV. 729 (ill., 730). 
 
 Seal, aquatic mammal, XIV. 730. Anatomy, 
 
 1 c. Character, 731, 1 a. Seal fishery, 2 ab, 
 734, 2 a; VII. 536, 1 be, 538, 1 ab. Com¬ 
 mon seal, XIV. 732, 1 a (ill.) ; Greenland or 
 harp, 1 b (ill.) ; narrow-muzzled, 2 b ; leop¬ 
 ard, ib. ; white-bellied or monk, 2 c ; hooded 
 or crested, 733, 1 a (ill.) ; bottled-nosed, or 
 sea elephant, 1 c. Sea lion, northern, 2 c ; 
 southern, 734, 1 a (ill., 733). Sea bear, 
 northern (fur seal), 1 ab (ill.); southern, 
 
 2 b. Bachelor seals, 1 c, 2 ab. Fossil re¬ 
 mains, 2 be. 
 
 Seal, signet, XIV. 734. Form, 735, 1 ah. 
 Material for sealing, 1 b. Devices, 1 c. 
 Seals in place of or with signatures, 2 b, 
 V. 289, 2 b; validity of an instrument, ib. 
 Definition of a seal, XIV. 736, lb; V. 290, 
 1 a. Significance in law, XIV. 736, 1 c; 
 implies a consideration, ib. Common law in 
 relation to sealed instruments, V. 289, 2 b. 
 Sea lemons, marine animals, XI. 722, 2 c. 
 
SEAL 
 
 SECEDERS 
 
 681 
 
 Seal Exgrating : see Gem, VII. 663, 1 a (gem 
 engraving). 
 
 Sea Leopard: see Seal, XIV. 732, 2 b. 
 
 Seale's Station , county seat, XIV. 474, 2 be. 
 
 Sea lettuce, marine plant, XII. 774, 1 a. 
 
 Seal Fishery : see Seal (Index). 
 
 Sealing pan: see Sewerage, XIV. 797, 2 be. 
 
 Sealing wax , X. 76, 1 c. 
 
 Sea Lion : see Seal, XIV. 733, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Seal islands : see Lobos Islands. 
 
 Seal meadows , floating ice fields, XIV. 731, 2 b. 
 
 Sealsfield, Charles, German author, XIV. 736. 
 
 Seaman, XIV. 736. Terms and conditions of 
 service, 2 b, ff. Shipping articles, 2 be. Ob¬ 
 ligations of ship owner or master, 737, 1 a. 
 Punishment for disobedience, 1 c. Desertion 
 as distinguished from absence, 2 ab. Sail¬ 
 or’s right to be brought home, 2 c. Relation 
 of freight to wages, 738, 1 b. 
 
 Sea mats: see Polyzoa, XIII. 691, 1 a. 
 
 Sea mew : see Mew. 
 
 Sea mice , XII. 229, 1 be. Common sea mouse, 
 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Sea monh: see Squid, XV. 294, 2 c. 
 
 Sea Mosses : see Polyzoa, XIII. 691, 1 a. 
 
 Sea mouse : see Sea mice (Index). 
 
 Sea Nettle: see Acalepiue, and Jelly Fish. 
 
 Sea pens: see Polyp, XIII. 689, 2 a. 
 
 Sea Pie: see Oyster Catcher, XII. 774, 1 a. 
 
 Sea Porcupine, fish, XIV. 738. Balloon fish¬ 
 es, 2 c (ill., 739). Atinga, ib. Puffer (swell 
 fish), 739, 1 c (ill.). Other names, ib. 
 
 Sea Raven, fish, XIV. 739. Common, 2 a 
 (ill.). Other names, ib. 
 
 Search, Right of, by a belligerent on the high 
 seas, XIV. 739. Doctrine of international 
 law, 2 c. Concession to belligerents in time 
 of war, ib. English doctrines of, 740, 1 b; 
 IX. 595, 1 b; XVI. 163, 1 a. See Neu¬ 
 trality, XII. 261, 1 c ; Prize, XIV. 21, 1 be. 
 
 Searcy [sur'-se], county, XIV. 740. 
 
 Searcy , county seat, XVI. 602, 2 a. 
 
 Sea Robin : see Gurnard, VIII. 335, 2 a. 
 
 Sears, Barnas, American clergyman and edu¬ 
 cator, XIV. 740. President of Brown uni¬ 
 versity, 2 a. Agent of the Peabody educa¬ 
 tion fund, ib. 
 
 Sears, Edmund Hamilton, clergyman, XIV. 740. 
 
 Scars, Capt. Isaac (1729—’86, merchant of New 
 York), referred to, XIV. 350, 2 c. 
 
 Sea Serpent, XIV. 740; 829, 1 a. Factitious 
 skeleton of, XVI. 748, 2 be. 
 
 Sea Sickness, XIV. 741. Remedies and pre¬ 
 ventives, 2 a. 
 
 Seaside grape, X. 13, 1 a. 
 
 Sea slugs , XIV. 727, 2 b; XII. 783, 1 a. 
 
 Sea snail: see Lump Fisn, X. 714, 1 ab. 
 
 Sea Snipe : see Bellows Fisn, and Pipe Fish, 
 
 XIII. 537, 1 a. 
 
 Seasoning, of wood, XVI. 704, 1 a. 
 
 Seasons, XIV. 741 (ill., 742). Astronomical 
 length of, XVI. 775, 1 c. 
 
 Sea Spider, marine arachnid, XIV. 742 (ill.). 
 See Spider Crab. 
 
 Sea Squirt, marine animal, XIV. 742. 
 
 Sea Swallow : see Tern. Fish so called, VII. 
 298, 1 ab. 
 
 Seat, of the hare, VIII. 456, 2 ab. 
 
 Seaton, William Winston, American journalist, 
 
 XIV. 742. 
 
 Seattle , county seat, IX. 834, 1 c. 
 
 Sea Unicorn : see Narwhal. 
 
 Sea Urchin : see Echinus, and XV. 400, 2 c. 
 Sea Weeds : see Alg^e, I. 299, 1 c ; Flag, VII. 
 247, 2 c; Fucus; and Atlantic Ocean, II. 
 78, 2 b. 
 
 Sea Wolf : see Wolf Fish. 
 
 Seb, Egyptian divinity, VI. 464, 1 a; XII. 116, 
 2 b, c. 
 
 Seba, XIV. 834, 2 c (Sheba). 
 
 Sebaceous matter, of the skin, I. 119, 1 b, 2 b. 
 Sebago pond (about 10 by 12 m.), V. 566, 1 ab. 
 Sebas'te : see Samaria, XIV. 589, 2 a. 
 
 Sebastes Norvegicus (ichthyology), VIII. 368,1 a. 
 Sebas'tia [classically, seb-as-tl'-a], ancient city, 
 
 XV. 72, 2 be. 
 
 Sebastian, county, XIV. 742. 
 
 Sebastian, Dom, king of Portugal, XIV. 742; 
 
 XIII. 740, 2 a. 
 
 Sebastian, Saint, Roman martyr, XIV. 743. 
 Sebastiani, Francois Horace Bastien, count 
 [sa-bas-tya-ne], French soldier, XIV. 743. 
 Referred to, I. 259, 2 be. 
 
 Sebastianists, fanatical sect, II. 267, 2 b. 
 Sebas'topol [correctly, seb-as-to'-pol], fortified 
 city in the Crimea, XIV. 743. Siege of, V. 
 485, 1 b. 
 
 Sebora'im , Jewish thinkers, VIII. 595, 2 a. 
 Sebustieh [sa-boos-te'-eh], site of Samaria, 
 
 XIV. 589, 2 ab. 
 
 Seca'le (botany), XIV. 503, 2 b. S. cereale, ib. 
 
 (ill., 504). S. cornutum, VI. 708, 1 c (ill.). 
 Secalia, VI. 708, 2 ab (Ergot). 
 
 Se'cant, in trigonometry, XV. 866, 1 a. 
 
 Secchi, Pietro Angelo [sek'-ke], Italian astron¬ 
 omer, XIV. 744. (Died 1878.) 
 
 Seceders, from the Scottish state church, VI 
 139, 2 b. 
 
682 
 
 SECESSION 
 
 s£gu R 
 
 Secession , of the southern states: see Con- 
 fedeeate States of Ameeica (Index); 
 United States, XVI. 174, 1 b, £ ; Davis, 
 Jefferson, 713, 1 a, ff.; Lincoln, Abraham, 
 X. 492, 1 c. Ordinance of secession passed 
 without the assent of the people in Ala¬ 
 bama, I. 233, 1 b; in Tennessee, IX. 659, 
 
 1 a; in Mississippi, XI. 657, 1 c; in North 
 Carolina, XII. 496, 2 a; first passed by 
 South Carolina, XV. 199, 1 ab. 
 
 Secession church , Scottish, VI. 139, 2 be. See 
 
 XIII. 811, 1 be. 
 
 Sechuana dialect [sech-wa'-na], (language of 
 the Bechuana), I. 171, 1 c. 
 
 Seckendoef, Veit Ludwig von, German schol¬ 
 ar, XIV. 744. Friedrich Heinrich, count, 
 soldier, 2 a; IV. 299, 1 b. 
 
 Seckee, Thomas, English prelate, XIV. 744. 
 Second, a division of time or space, XIV. 744. 
 Second Adventists, religious sect, XIV. 745. 
 
 Seventh Day Adventists, 2 a. 
 
 Secondaries , in plumage, VII. 105, 2 c. 
 
 Seconde [Fr. suh-go ng d], in fencing, VII. 120, 2 b. 
 Seconds , in weight: see Sceuple. 
 
 Seceetaey Bied, XIV. 745 (ill., 746). 
 Seceetion: see Gland. 
 
 Secret societies , opposition to, I. 104, 1 c. 
 Secro'le , English settlement in Benares, II. 515, 
 
 2 a. 
 
 Sectoe, in geometry, XIV. 746. Instrument, lb. 
 Seculae Games, Roman, XIV. 746. 
 Seculaeism, a system of civilization: see 
 Holyoake, VIII. 774, 2 c. 
 
 Secundus, Johannes : see Johannes Seoundus. 
 Sedaine, Michel Jean [sa-dain], French dram¬ 
 atist, XIV. 746. 
 
 Sedalia, town of Missouri, XIV. 747. 
 
 Sedan' [Fr. sa-da ng ], fortified town of France, 
 
 XIV. 747. Sedan chairs (for passengers, 
 carried by hand), 1 b. Battle of, VII. 397, 
 la; X. 800, 1 b ; XVI. 654, 1 b. 
 
 Sedan black, color, VI. 342, 2 ab. 
 
 Sedanum : see Sedan. 
 
 Sedative salt (boric acid), III. 96, 1 a. 
 
 Sedge, plant, XIV. 747 (ill.). Sand sedge 
 (German sarsaparilla), 748, 1 a. 
 
 Sedgwick, county, XIV. 748. 
 
 Sedgwick, Adam, English geologist, XIV. 748. 
 Sedgwick, John, American soldier, XIV. 748. 
 Sedgwick, Theodore, American statesman, 
 XIV. 749. Theodore, lawyer, 1 b. Susan 
 Ridley, authoress, 1 c. Catharine Maria, 
 authoress, ib. Theodore, law T yer, 2 a. 
 Sedilia , in a chancel, IV. 253, 2 b. 
 
 Sedition law: see Alien and sedition laws (In¬ 
 dex). A victim of, V. 310, 1 c (Coopee). 
 Sedley, Sir Charles, English poet, XIV. 749. 
 Seduction, XIV. 749. In common law, and 
 in the French and Prussian, 2 c, ff. In 
 England and the United States, 750, 1 b. 
 Parent’s right to service, 2 ab. Legal com¬ 
 plainant, 2 be. Proof of the crime, 2 c. 
 Recent statutes, 751, 1 a. 
 
 Sedum, genus of plants, XIV. 751. S. tele- 
 phium, 1 c (ill.); acre, 2 b (ill.); ternatum, 
 pulchellum, and rhodiola, 2 c; carneum va- 
 riegatum, and spectabile or Fabaria, 752,1 a; 
 Sieboldii, 1 b (ill.). Parts of sedum, XIII. 
 585, 1 ab (ills.). 
 
 Seebach, Marie [za'-ba k h], German actress, 
 XIV. 752. 
 
 Seed, of a plant, XIII. 574, 2 a. Seed leaves, 
 575, 1 ab, X. 267, 1 b; of tobacco, XV. 
 782, 2 b. Nurture and distribution of seeds, 
 
 XIII. 591, 2 b. 
 
 Seedling fruit , XIII. 207, 1 a; potatoes, 766, 
 1 be; strawberries, XV. 415, 2 a. 
 
 Seekonk river, XIV. 291, 2 c; 42, 2 be. 
 Seeland, island of Denmark, XIV. 752. 
 Seeley, John Robert, English author, XIV. 752. 
 Seemann, Berthold [za'-man], German natural¬ 
 ist, XIV. 752. 
 
 Seemuller, Anne Moncure: see Ceane, Anne 
 Moncure. 
 
 Seeress of Prevorst: see Prevorst (Index). 
 Sefaradic (pronunciation of Hebrew), VIII. 
 599, 1 be. 
 
 Segesta , ruins of, I. 260, 1 a. 
 
 Seggar , case for baking fine stone ware, XIII. 
 
 789, 2 c (ill., 790). 
 
 Segment of an arc , I. 640, 1 c. 
 
 Segneei, Paolo [sa-nya'-re], Italian orator, 
 
 XIV. 752. 
 
 Segni, Einaldo di (Pope Alexander IV.), I. 
 279, 2 ab. 
 
 Segona , river : see Saone. 
 
 Segontium, Roman station, site of, IV. 7, 1 a. 
 Segovia, province of Spain, XIV. 752. Capi¬ 
 tal, 753, 1 a. Alcazar, 1 ab (ill.). 
 
 Segreti, i [e sa-gra'-te], literary society, XIII. 
 721, 2 ab. 
 
 Seguin, Edouard [suli-ga ng ], French physician, 
 XIV. 753. On idiocy, IX. 169, 1 be, ff. 
 Seguin [se'-gwin], county seat, VIII. 276, 1 b. 
 Segue, Philippe Henri, marquis de [sa-giir], 
 French soldier, XIV. 753. Louis Philippe, 
 count, historian, 2 c. Philippe Paul de, 
 count, historian, 754, 1 a. 
 
SEHIRIM 
 
 SEMEN 
 
 683 
 
 Sehirim [sa-he-reem']: see Fairies, VII. 63,1 c. 
 Seiches [saish]: see Geneva, lake, VII. 671,1 a. 
 Seidlitz , general: see Seydlitz. 
 
 Seidlitz Powders : see Rochelle Salt. 
 Seidlitz Water [side'- or sed'-lits], XIV. 754. 
 Artificial, 1 be. 
 
 Seigniorage [se'-nyur-age], charge for coinage, 
 
 XI. 617, 1 c. 
 
 Seine [sain], for mackerel fishing, X. 792, 2 a. 
 Seine, river of France, XIV. 754. 
 
 Seine, department of France, XIV. 754. 
 Seine-et-Marne [-a-marn], XIV. 754. 
 Seine-et-Oise [-a-waz], XIV. 754. 
 Seine-Inferieure [-a ng -fa-re-ur], XIV. 754. 
 Seisin [se'-zin]: see Livery of Seisin. 
 Seismology [sice-mol'-o-je], VI. 359, 2 be. 
 Seismographs, 363,1 c. Seismic focus, 367, 
 1 c. Seismometer, Cacciatore’s, 363, 2 c; 
 Lamont’s, ib. ; Palmieri’s, ib. ; Mallet’s, 364, 
 1 a; Kreil’s, 1 b. 
 
 Seistan [sais-tan'J, province of Afghanistan, 
 XIV. 755. 
 
 Seiurus aurocapillus [se-yu'-rus], (ornithology), 
 
 XII. 745, 2 a. S. Noveboracensis, XV. 729, 
 
 1 b. 
 
 Seja'nus, Lucius iElius, Roman conspirator, 
 XIV. 755. 
 
 Sejour, Victor [sa-zhoor], French dramatist, 
 XIV. 755. 
 
 Sela (Petra), VI. 409, 2 b. 
 
 Selachians [se-la'-ke-anz], cartilaginous fishes, 
 XIV. 755 ; 826, 1 c ; IV. 41, 2 be. 
 
 Selachus (ichthyology), XIV. 828, 2 c. S. 
 
 maximus, 829, 1 a (ill.); elephas, 1 be. 
 Selaginella (botany), X. 745, 1 ab. S. Kraus- 
 siana and lepidophylla, 1 b. 
 
 Selandria (zoology), XV. 109, 1 b. S. vitis, 
 XIV. 654, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Selassye, Walda , Abyssinian chief, I. 46, 2 b. 
 Selbig, Elisa, nom de plume, I. 211, 1 b. 
 Selborne, Lord [sel'-burn] : see Palmer, 
 Roundell. 
 
 “ Selborne, Natural History of” XVI. 603,1 b. 
 Selden, John, English author, XIV. 755. 
 Selectmen: see Town, XV. 827, 2 b. 
 
 Selembria: see Peneus (Index). 
 
 Sele'ne : see Luna, and Diana, VI. 77, 2 a. 
 Sel'enite : see Gypsum, VIII. 358, 1 c. 
 Selenium, elementary substance, XIV. 756. 
 Selenides, 1 b. Selenious acid, selenic acid, 
 selenites, seleniates, 1 c. 
 
 Seleni'uretted hydrogen , XIV. 756, 1 c. 
 Seleu'cia [classically, seh-lu-sl'-a], several an¬ 
 cient cities, XIV. 756. S. on the Tigris, 1 c. 
 
 Destruction of, V. 234, 2 a. S. Pieria, strong 
 fortress of northern Syria, XIV. 756, 2 ab. 
 
 Seleucidce, dynasty of the, XIV. 757, 1 b. Era 
 of the, ib. 
 
 Seleuci'des alba (ornithology), II. 651, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Seleucus I., Nicator, founder of the Syrian 
 monarchy, XIV. 756. 
 
 Seleucus Cybiosactes, Syrian pretender, II. 552, 
 2 b. 
 
 Self-Defence, law of, XIV. 757. 
 
 Self-denying ordinance , in parliament, V. 502, 
 2 b (Cromwell) ; VI. 736, 2 ab (Essex). 
 
 Self-fecundation, of insects, XIII. 132, 2 c. 
 
 Selfs, seedling tulips (plain-colored), XVI. 26,2 b. 
 
 Selim (Jehanghir), IX. 208, 2 be. 
 
 Selim L, sultan of Turkey, XVI. 61, 1 c. Selim 
 II. (1566-74), XV. 160, 1 a; mosque of, I. 
 132, 1 b. Selim III., XVI. 61, 2 be (killed 
 1808). 
 
 Selinunte [sa-le-noon'-ta], site of Selinus, XIV. 
 757, 2 a. 
 
 Selinuntine marbles [sel-e-nun'-tin], XIV. 757, 
 2 ab. 
 
 Seli'nus, ancient Greek colony of Sicily, XIV. 
 757. Ruins, 2 a. 
 
 Selish, Indian tribe, VII. 261, 1 be. 
 
 Seljoolcs: see Seljuks. 
 
 SeljuTc [sel-jook'J, Tartar chief: see Seljuks. 
 
 Seljuks, Asiatic tribe, XIV. 757. Seljuk dy¬ 
 nasty in Persia, XIII. 323, 1 c. First em¬ 
 ployed as the caliphs’ body guard, I. 341, 2 a. 
 
 Selldrk, town of Scotland, XIV. 758, 1 b. 
 
 Selkirk, Alexander, Scottish seaman, XIV. 
 757. See Defoe, and Juan Fernandez. 
 
 SelJciric settlement, in Manitoba, XI. 114, 1 c. 
 
 Selkirkshire, county of Scotland, XIV. 758. 
 
 “ Seller's option ,” in stock dealing, XV. 388, 2 a. 
 
 Selligue [sa-leeg], his process of making water 
 gas, VII. 640, 1 c. Distillation of coal oils 
 by him, IX. 812, 1 a-2 a. 
 
 Selli'nce, XIV. 693, 1 a (Scilly Islands). 
 
 Selma, city of Alabama, XIV. 758. 
 
 Setters water: see Seltzer Water (Index). 
 
 Seltzer Water : see Mineral Springs, XI. 
 594, 1 b. 
 
 Selwyn, George Augustus, English clergyman, 
 XIV. 758. (Died 1878.) 
 
 Semangs, a Malay race, XI. 60, 2 a. 
 
 Semaphore, kind of telegraph, XV. 609, 1 c. 
 
 Semele [sem'-e-le], in mythology, XIV. 758; 
 II. 193, 1 c. 
 
 Semendria, town of Servia, XIV. 758. 
 
 Semen santonicce, sanctum , or contra, drug, 
 XVI. 730, 2 c. 
 
684 
 
 SEMI-ARIANS 
 
 SEPARATISTS 
 
 Semi-Arians (liomoiousians), I. 700, 2 a. 
 Semiglyph , in the Doric order, I. 657, 1 a. 
 Semi-mutes , V. 727, 2 c. Instruction of, 739, 2 c. 
 Sem'ina cataputice minoris , VI. 777, 2 be. 
 ^eminoles, Indian nation, XIV. 758. Seminole 
 wars, ib. ; VII. 284, 2 be ; IX. 491,1 c; 493, 
 
 1 c; XII. 716, 2 c. 
 
 Semi-ovip'arans: see Megasthenes, XI. 359,2 b. 
 Semiozernoi convent , in Kazan, IX. 776, 2 c (ill.). 
 Semipolatinsk', province of Asiatic Russia, 
 XIV. 759. Capital, 760, 1 a. 
 
 Semie'amis, queen of Assyria, XIV. 760 ; I. 723, 
 
 2 ab; II. 33, 2 c, 34, 2 ab; 479, 2 c; XVI. 
 252, 1 a. 
 
 Semiramis of Lucca , sister of Napoleon, III. 
 25, 2 be. 
 
 Semiramis of the North , sovereigns so called, 
 XI. 157, 2 ab; IV. 113, 1 b. 
 
 Semi-Salic law of succession , in England, VI. 
 626, 1 a. 
 
 Semitic Race and Languages, XIV. 760. Al¬ 
 phabets, 761, 2 c (table of, 762); XIII. 455, 
 2 c (table, Phoenician, 456); XV. 547, 2 ab 
 (table, Syriac) ; XVI. 739, 1 a. Semitic idi¬ 
 oms of Abyssinia, I. 171, 1 ab. See Akabic 
 Language and Liteeatuee, and Ethiopia, 
 Languages and Literature of. 
 
 Semitones , in music, I. 70, 1 c. 
 
 Semi-uncial icriting , XI. 134, 1 a. 
 
 Semlee, Johann Salomo [zem'-ler], German 
 theologian, XIV. 762. 
 
 Semlin [zem-leen'], town of Slavonia, XIV. 762. 
 Semmeeing, Alpine mountain chain, XIV. 762. 
 Railway, 763, 1 a. 
 
 Semmes, Raphael [semz], American naval of¬ 
 ficer, XIV. 763. (Died 1877.) 
 
 Semneh, Egyptian fortress, VI. 749, 1 c. 
 Semnopithe'cus (zoology), XI. 752, 2 b; 753, 
 2 a. S. entellus, 2 be (ill.). 
 
 Sempach [zem'-pa k h], town of Switzerland, 
 XIV. 763. Battle of, ib. : see "Winkeleied. 
 Sempee, Gottfried, German architect, XIV. 763. 
 
 Hans, professor, 2 b. Karl, traveller, ib. 
 Sempervivum (botany), IX. 12, 2 c. S. tecto- 
 rum, 13,1 a, 2 c (ill.) ; calcareum, 2 a ; arach- 
 noideum, ib. (ill.); arboreum, 2 ab (ill.); glu- 
 tinosum, 2 c. 
 
 Semple, Robert Baylor, American clergyman, 
 XIV. 763. 
 
 Sena , island of Gaul, VI. 271, 1 b (Deuids). 
 Senac, Jean Baptiste [sa-nak], French physi¬ 
 cian, XIV. 763. Gabriel Senac de Meilhan, 
 author, 764, 1 a. 
 
 Sena Gallica: see Sinigaglia. 
 
 Senate, deliberative assembly, XIV. 764. 
 
 Senatobia , county seat, XV. 582, 2 ab. 
 
 Sena'tus academ'icus, XVI. 211, 2 c; 213, 1 c. 
 
 Senatus consulta , decrees of the Roman senate, 
 XIV. 764, 2 b; IV. 619, 2 a. 
 
 SenatusConsultum de Bacchanalibus , X. 193,1 b. 
 
 Seneca, two counties, XIV. 765. 
 
 Seneca , county seat, XII. 223, 2 a. 
 
 Seneca, Marcus Annaeus, Roman rhetorician, 
 XIV. 765. Lucius Annaeus, philosopher, 2 b; 
 X. 196, 2 b. 
 
 Seneca Falls, village of Xew York, XIV. 766. 
 
 Seneca Lake, New York, XIV. 766. 
 
 Seneca Oil: see Peteoleum, XIII. 367, 2 a. 
 
 Seneca snaJceroot, XV. 130, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Senecas, Indian nation, XIV. 766; IX. 412,1 be. 
 
 Senecio scandens (botany), VII. 742, 2 c (ill., 
 743). S. vulgaris, VIII. 270, 1 b; aureus 
 and elegans, 1 be. 
 
 Senefeldee, Aloys [za'-neh-fel-der], inventor 
 of lithography, XIV. 767; X. 526, 1 ab, be. 
 
 Senegal, river of Africa, XIV. 767. 
 
 Senegal, French territory, XIV. 767. 
 
 Senegambia, region in Africa, XIV. 767. 
 
 Senegine [sen'-e-jin], chemical principle, XV. 
 130, 1 c. 
 
 Se'nes , the nine , VI. 271, 1 b (Deuids). 
 
 Seneschallus , of Oxford, XII. 762, 2 c. 
 
 Senex falcifer: see Scythe, XIV. 725, 1 c. 
 
 Senioe, Nassau William, English political econ¬ 
 omist, XIV. 768; XIII. 672, 2 ab. 
 
 Senlis [sa ng -leece], town of France, XIV. 768. 
 
 Senna, plant and drug, XIV. 768 (ills.). Ameri¬ 
 can, 769, 2 a. Confection of, XV. 561, 2 c. 
 
 Sennaab [sen-nar'], country of Africa, XIV. 
 769. 
 
 Sennacheeib [sen-nak'-e-rib] : see Assyeia, 
 II. 35, 2 b. 
 
 Senones [sen'-o-neez], ancient Gauls, VII. 648, 
 2 a; XIV. 770, 1 c. 
 
 Sens [s& db ], town of France, XIV. 770. 
 
 Sensation , residual , in harmony, VIII. 469,1 c. 
 
 Sensibility , physiological , XIII. 485, 2 a; XII. 
 233, 2 c. 
 
 Sensitive flames , XV. 175, 1 b. See Flame, 
 VII. 255, 2 b. 
 
 Sensitive Plant: see Mimosa, XI. 567, 2 a. 
 
 Sensorium: see Coma, V. 131, 1 ab. 
 
 Senti'num , battle of XVI. 110,1 b; VII. 647,2 b. 
 
 Sepals , of a plant, XIII. 585, 1 ab. 
 
 “ Separated Lutheran' 1 ' 1 churches , X. 535, 2 c. 
 
 Separater , of a loom, XVI. 523, 1 c. 
 
 Separatists , those Puritans who withdrew from 
 the church of England, referred to, V. 245,2 a. 
 
SEPEDOHIUM 
 
 SERMANETO 
 
 685 
 
 Sepedonium chrysospermum (botany), YIT. 531, 
 2 b. 
 
 Sephardim, a division of the Jews, IX. 619,1 ab. 
 Sepher Yetzirah, cabalistic treatise, III. 521, 
 1 b. Sepher haz-Zohar, treatise, ib. 
 
 Sepia, pigment, XI V. 770. 
 
 Sepia officinalis (zoology), Y. 596, 2 a (ill.). 
 Sepoys, native troops of India, XIY. 770; IX. 
 209, 2 c. Sepoy revolt, XIV. 770, 2 c; II. 
 833, 2 c; III. 22, 1 a; YI. 618, 2 c; VIII. 
 522, 1 ab; IX. 211, 1 b; X. 233, 2 b, c, 707, 
 1 b* XI. 357, 2 a; XII. 129, 2 a, 741, 1 a. 
 Seps, genus of reptiles, XIV. 771. Four-toed 
 seps, 1 ab. S. tridactylus, 1 b (ill.). 
 September, month, XIY. 771. “Great Sep¬ 
 tember gale” in 1821, XIY. 235, 1 b. 
 September massacres , in France, VII. 388, 1 a. 
 Septem Fratres, mountain range, IY. 218, 2 ab. 
 Sep'tennate, the , term of office, X. 800, 2 b. 
 Septennial act, of parliament, VII. 703, 2 ab. 
 Septicaemia, puerperal, XIY. 69, 1 b, c. 
 Septimania, duchy of: see Languedoc, X. 152, 
 1 a. Province of, VII. 379, 2 ab. 
 
 Septimius Severus : see Severus. 
 
 Septinsular republic, IX. 330, 2 a. 
 
 Septuagint: see Bible, II. 613, 1 b. 
 
 Septum, nasal partition, XII. 516, 1 a. Septa, 
 in marine shells, VIII. 98, 1 c. 
 
 Sepulchre, in the altar of a Roman Catholic 
 church, I. 359, 2 b. In Greek and Roman 
 Catholic churches, VIII. 101, 1 be. 
 Sepulveda, Juan Ginez de [sa-pool'-va-£M], 
 Spanish historian, XIV. 771. His attack 
 upon Las Casas, X. 179, 2 b. 
 
 Sequana [sek'-wa-na]: see Seine. 
 
 Sequatchie, county, XIV. 771. 
 
 Sequestrum, separated bone, XII. 205, 2 c; 
 724, 1 b. 
 
 Se'quin, coin, XIV. 771. 
 
 Sequoia, genus of trees, XIV. 771. Age of, 
 I. 184, 1 a; size, 510, 2 a. S. sempervirens, 
 XIV. 771, 2 c (ill., 772); III. 606, 1 b. S. 
 gigantea, XIV. 772, 2 a (ill.), 773, 1 c; III. 
 606, 1 ab. Age of, I. 184, 1 b; bark, II. 
 314, 1 a. 
 
 Sequoyah, county, XIV. 773. 
 
 Sequoyah : see Guess, George. 
 
 Seraglio [se-ral'-yo] : see Constantinople, 
 V. 275, 1 c. 
 
 Serai Humayun [sa-rl' hoo-ma-yoon'] : see 
 Seraglio (Index). 
 
 Seraing [suh-ra ng ], village of Belgium, XIV. 
 
 773 ; X. 417, 1 a. See Cockerill. 
 Serampore', town of India, XIV. 773. 
 
 Scrape [sa-ra-pa'J, kind of shawl, VIII. 275, 
 2 be ; 292, 1 a. 
 
 Serape'um (temple of Serapis), at Alexandria, 
 XIV. 773, 2 b; at Puteoli, 2 be; at Mem¬ 
 phis, 2 c, XI. 165, 2 b, be. 
 
 Seraphic doctor (Bonaventura), III. 56, 1 a. 
 
 Seraphine [ser'-a-feen], musical instrument, 
 XIV. 242, 2 b. 
 
 Serapion, abbot (St., surnamed Scholasticus, 
 author of an extant treatise against the 
 Manichseans), referred to, XI. 728, 2 c. 
 
 Sera'pis, Egyptian deity, XIV. 773; XII. 720, 
 1 ab. Statue of, VI. 568, 1 ab. Shrine and 
 oracle of: see Canopus. 
 
 Serapis, ship of war, IX. 679, 1 ab. 
 
 SerasJcier, Turkish title, I. 723, 1 b. 
 
 Serayevo [sa-ra-ya'-vo]: see Bosna-Serai. 
 
 Serbati : see Rosmini Serbati. 
 
 Serbs: see Servia, XIV. 780, 2 c. 
 
 Serb waywodeship ofBanat of Femes, II. 264,2 a. 
 
 Serena [sa-ra'-na], serenade, XIV. 40, 2 a; 
 XII. 88, 2 b. 
 
 Serendib, a name of Ceylon, IV. 221, 2 c. 
 
 Sereth [ser-et'J, river (about 300 m. long), III. 
 420, 1 b; XI. 703, 2 c, 704, 1 a. 
 
 Serf, feudal slave, XIV. 773. Mediaeval serf¬ 
 dom, 774, 1 a. In France, 2 c; in Italy and 
 Germany, 775, 2 b; in England, ib. ; in Po¬ 
 land, 776, 1 a; in Hungary (abolition of), 
 ib. ; in Russia, 1 ab. Abolition of serfdom 
 in Prussia, VIII. 452, 2 b. Relaxation of it 
 in Russia, I. 281, 1 b; partial abolition, 283, 
 1 ab; complete, 284, 2 b, XIV. 494, 2 c, 
 776, 1 b. See Allodium, and Feudal Sys¬ 
 tem, VII. 162, 1 a, ab. 
 
 Serqeant ["ser'-ient or sar'-ient], origin of the 
 title, XIV. 535, 2 b. 
 
 Sergeant, lawyer, X. 237, 1 b. 
 
 Sergeant, John [sar'-jent], American jurist, 
 XIV. 776. 
 
 Sergipe [sair-zhe'-pa], province of Brazil, XIV. 
 776. 
 
 Sergius (Tychicus), Paulician leader, XIII. 
 177, 2 c. 
 
 Serqius, patriarch of Constantinople (608-639), 
 XI. 758, 1 b, be. 
 
 Seric’ulus (ornithology), XII. 694, 2 a. 
 
 Serigny, sieur de [suh-re-nye]: see Le Moyne, 
 X. 338, 1 b. 
 
 Serinagur', capital of Cashmere, XIV. 776. 
 
 Seringapatam', city of Mysore, XIV. 776. 
 
 Seringat (caoutchouc), III. 735, 2 b. 
 
 Sermaneto, Enrico [sair-ma-na'-to]: see Caje- 
 tan, III. 560, 1 b. 
 
686 
 
 SERMON 
 
 SEVEN 
 
 Sermon on the mount , Jesus Christ s, IX. 637, 
 la. A Mohammedan ceremony, I. 627, 2 c. 
 Seroline [s&r'-o-lin], in blood, IV. 514, 2 c. 
 
 Serous Membranes : see Membrane, and I. 
 462, 1 c. 
 
 Seroux d'Agincourt [suh-roo da-zha ns -koor]: 
 
 see Agincourt, I. 187, 2 a. 
 
 Serpent, musical instrument, XIV. 777. 
 
 Serpent, reptile, XIV. 777. See Compara¬ 
 tive Anatomy, and Reptiles. Systems of 
 classification: see Herpetology. Poison ap¬ 
 paratus : see Cobra de Capello, Rattle¬ 
 snake, and Viper. As a type of yEscula- 
 pius, I. 152, 2 he. Great marine serpent, 
 so called, XVI. 813, 2 c. See Sea Serpent. 
 Serpent , rocket, XIV. 117, 2 a; 367, 2 c. 
 Serpentarius (ornithology), XIV. 745, 2 be. 
 
 S. reptilivorus, 2 c (ill., 746). 
 
 Serpent eater , bird, XIV. 745, 2 c. 
 
 Serpentine: see Marble, XI. 147, 2 c. 
 Serpentine , the , London, X. 596, 2 c; XIII. 
 102, 2 c (see map). 
 
 Serpentine barrens, in Pennsylvania, XIII. 
 256, 2 a. 
 
 Serpent isle , Black sea, II. 683, 1 a. 
 
 Serpent star , star fish (ill.), XII. 644, 1 a. 
 Serrano, Francisco [sair-ra'-no], duke de la 
 Torre, Spanish statesman, XIV. 778. 
 
 Serrano , Peter , most probable prototype of 
 Robinson Crusoe, V. 763, 2 c. 
 
 Serranus (ichthyology), XIII. 284, 1 a. 
 
 Serrated suture , of the cranium, I. i 83, 2 b. 
 Sertorius, Quintus, Roman general, XIV. 779. 
 Serturner [zair'-tur-ner], (Friedrich Wilhelm, 
 died 1841), discoverer of morphia, I. 322, 2 a; 
 XII. 648, 1 c. 
 
 Serum: see Blood, II. 732, 1 b, c. 
 
 Serval, animal, XIV. 779 (ill.). 
 
 Servant : see Master and Servant. In¬ 
 dented servants, VI. 573, 1 a (Emigration). 
 Servants of the Virgin Mary : see Servites. 
 Servetists , XIV. 780, 2 a (Servetus). 
 
 Serve'tus, Michael, Spanish author, XIV. 779. 
 
 His trial and execution for heresy, 780,1 b, If. 
 Servia, state of Europe, XIV. 780. Govern¬ 
 ment, 781, 1 a. History, 2 a. 
 
 Servian Language and Literature, XIV. 783. 
 Service Berry : see June Berry, IX. 713,2 be. 
 Service Tree, XIV. 784 (ill.)* 
 
 Servilius , Roman general, IX. 425, 1 b. 
 Ser'vites, religious order, XIV. 785. 
 
 Servitia , form of church taxation, I. 531, 1 a. 
 Servius Tullius, sixth king of Rome, XIV. 785. 
 Servus pcence, XV. 91, 2 c (Slavery). 
 
 Sesamoid bones , XV. 639, 2 a. 
 
 Sesostris : see Egypt, VI. 462,1 be. Referred 
 to, XIV. 239, 2 ab. 
 
 Session , in the Presbyterian church, XIII. 809,1 b. 
 Session , court of in Scotland, XIV. 702, 2 b. 
 Ses'terce, Roman coin, XIV. 785. 
 
 Sester'tius , sestertium: see Sesterce. 
 
 Sestos, ancient city, XIV. 785. 
 
 Sesuviumportulacastrum (botany), XIV. 96,1 a. 
 
 S. pentandrum, ib. 
 
 Set : see Demonology, X. 794, 1 ab, and XII. 
 116, 2 be, 720, 1 a. 
 
 Set , the , of elastic materials, XV. 419, 1 c. 
 Setanario , a Spanish code, I. 296, 1 a. 
 
 Setaria (botany), XI. 556, 1 b. S. Italica (var. 
 
 Germanica), 1 c (ilk). 
 
 Sethites , class of Gnostics, VIII. 54, 2 b. 
 
 Sethos , Egyptian king, VI. 461, 2 c. 
 
 Sethos table , hieroglyphic tablet, I. 42, 1 c. 
 
 Seti I. and II.: see Egypt, VI. 461,2 c, 462, 2 b. 
 Seton, Elizabeth Ann, founder of the sisters 
 of charity in America, XIV. 785; IV. 277,2 c. 
 Setoph'aga (ornithology), XIV. 239, 2 c; VII. 
 
 296, 1 c. S. ruticilla, XIV. 240, 1 a (ill.). 
 Setter, dog, XIV. 786 (ill.). 
 
 Settle , Elkanah, English rhymester, VI. 277,1 c. 
 Settlement, under the poor laws, XIV. <86. 
 Law of settlement and removal, XIII. 181,1 c, 
 182,1 a. Marriage settlements, XIV. 786,2 b. 
 Settlement , act of in England, XIII. 631, 2 b. 
 
 See George I., VII. 703, 1 be. 
 
 Settler , in silver refining, XV. 51, 2 a. 
 
 Setubal[ sa-too'-bal], city of Portugal, XIV.787 # 
 Sevajee r , Mahratta chief, XI. 26,2be; II. 125,2 a. 
 Sevastopol : see Sebastopol. 
 
 Seven against Thebes , the: see Adrastus, and 
 Eteocles and Polynioes. ^ 
 
 Seven Barrows , referred to, II. 562, 1 c. 
 
 Seven Pines, Battle of: see Chickahominy, 
 IV. 411, 1 be. 
 
 Seven sleepers , legend of the, "VI. 679, 1 b. 
 Grotto of, ib. 
 
 Seventeen Years 1 Locust: see Harvest Fly, 
 VIII. 501, 2 a, ff. (ill.). 
 
 Seventh Day Adventists: see Second Ad¬ 
 ventists, XIV. 745, 2 a. 
 
 Seventh Day Baptists, XIV. 787. 
 
 Seventh Day Baptists, German: see Dun- 
 kers, VI. 316, 2 be. 
 
 Seventh Day Dunkers , VI. 316, 2 be. 
 
 Seven weeks' war , XIV. 56, 1 c (Prussia). 
 
 Seven wise men of Greece: see Bias, Chilo, 
 Cleobulus, Periander, Pittacus, Solon, 
 
 Thales. 
 
SEVEN 
 
 SHAFTESBURY 
 
 687 
 
 Seven Years’ War, XIV. 787; VII. 456, 2 c, 
 706, 2 ab; X. 660, 2 c. 
 
 Severians : see Monophysites, XI. 757, 2 b. 
 Severn, river of England, XIV. 788. 
 
 Seve'rus, Alexander: see Alexander Severus. 
 Severus, Lucius Septimius, emperor, XIV. 788. 
 
 Arcb of, 412, 2 b; 720, 2 be. 
 
 Sevier [se-veer'], three counties, XIV. 789. 
 Sevier (Gen. John, 1745-1815), governor of 
 Tennessee (1788-1801, 1803—’9), his quarrel 
 with Gen. Jackson, IX. 487, 1 a, b. 
 Sevierville, county seat, XIV. 789, 2 ab. 
 SkviGNk, Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, marquise 
 de [sa-ve-nye], French writer, XIV. 789. 
 Sevilla [sa-ve'-lya]: see Seville. 
 
 Seville [sev'-il], province of Spain, XIV. 790. 
 Capital city, 1 b. The Giralda, 2 a (ill.). 
 Alcazar, 2 b (ill., 791). University of, 2 be. 
 History, 2 c. Treaty of, VII. 705, 1 a. 
 Sevre-Kantaise, Sevre-Niortaise [saivr’-na ng - 
 taiz, -nyor-taiz], rivers, XIV. 791, 2 b. 
 Sevres [sev'-erz; Fr. saivr’], town of France, 
 XIV. 791. Porcelain factory, 1 c; XIII. 
 785, 2 a. 
 
 SkvRES, Deux [du.h saivr’], department of 
 France, XIV. 791. 
 
 Seward, two counties, XIV. 791. 
 
 Seward , county seat, XIV. 791, 2 c. 
 
 Seward, Anna, English authoress, XIV. 792. 
 Seward, William Henry, American statesman, 
 XIV. 792. 
 
 Sewell, William, English clergyman, XIV. 
 
 794. Elizabeth Missing, authoress, 1 b. 
 Sewel'lel, rodent animal, XIV. 794 (ill.). 
 Sewerage, XIV. 794. In ancient times, 2 c. In 
 Paris, 795, 1 b. In England, 2 b; of Lon¬ 
 don, ib ., and X. 617, 2 b. In America, XIV. 
 796, 2 a. Construction of sewers, 2 b ; ven¬ 
 tilation, 797, 1 c. Disposal of sewage, 2 c. 
 Sewer gas, XIV. 797, 2 b. 
 
 .Sewing Machine, XIV. 799. Early inven¬ 
 tions, 1 ab ; Saint’s machine, 1 c (ill.) ; Thi- 
 monier’s, 2 c; Hunt’s, 800, 1 a. Through- 
 and-through machine, 1 b. Fisher and Gib¬ 
 bons’s embroidery machine, 1 c. Lock-stitch 
 machines, 2 ab (ills., 801, 802); Howe’s, &c., 
 2 b, ff. Single-thread chain or crochet stitch 
 machine, 802, 1 c (ills.). Double-loop or 
 chain stitch, 808, 1 be (ill.). 
 
 Sextant, for measuring angular distances, XIV. 
 803 ; 122, 1 a. 
 
 Sextus Empiricus, Greek philosopher,XIV.804. 
 Seychelles [sa-sh&l]: see Mauritius, XI. 293, 
 
 1 ab. 
 
 Seydlitz, Friedrich Wilhelm von [zide'-lits], 
 Prussian soldier, XIV. 804. 
 
 Seyffarth, Gustav [zi'-fartj, German archaeolo¬ 
 gist, XIV. 804. 
 
 Seyid [sa-yeed'], Arabic title, XVI. 805, 2 be; 
 XII. 625, 2 a. 
 
 Seymour, Edward [se'-mur], duke of Somerset, 
 English statesman, XIV. 804; VI. 438, 1 ab, 
 2 c, if. Lady Jane, XIV. 805, 1 b. Sir 
 Thomas, Baron Seymour, VI. 438, 1 ab. 
 Legal murder of, 2 b, XIV. 805, 1 a; Cran- 
 mer’s share in it, V. 460, 1 c. 
 
 Seymour, Horatio, American statesman, XIV. 
 805. 
 
 Seyssel asphaltic rock [sa-sel], XIII. 193, 1 c. 
 Sfondrati, Nicold [sfone-dra'-te], (Pope Greg¬ 
 ory XIV.), VIII. 245, 1 b. 
 
 Sforza [sfor'-tsa], Italian family, XIV. 806. 
 Giacomuzzo Attendolo, founder of the house, 
 1 ab. Francesco, duke of Milan, 1 b; de¬ 
 feat of the Venetians at Caravaggio, III. 
 766, 2 b. Galeazzo Maria, XIV. 806, 2 ab. 
 Ludovico (II Moro), 2 b; XI. 295, 2 c, 298, 
 1 a. Massimiliano, XIV. 806, 2 c. Fran¬ 
 cesco II., 807, 1 a. 
 
 ’sGrayesande : see Gravesande. 
 
 Shabaka: see Sabaco (Index). 
 
 Shabthai Tzebi [shab-ti' tsa'-be], impostor, VIII. 
 597, 2 a. 
 
 Shack, oak mast, XII. 551, 2 b. 
 
 Shackle, of an anchor, I. 465, 1 a. 
 Shackleford, county, XIV. 807. 
 
 Shad, fish, XIV. 807. American, 1 ab (ill.). 
 European, 2 be. Artificial breeding of, VII. 
 219, 2 c; 222, 1 a, be, 2 ab. 
 
 Shad Bush: see June Berry, IX. 713, 2 b. 
 Shad flower, IX. 713, 2 b. 
 
 Shad fly , referred to, XIV. 807, 1 c. 
 
 Shaddock, tree and fruit, XIV. 808 (ill.). 
 Shades of Death, forest so called, XIII. 258,1 a. 
 Shadwell, Thomas, English dramatist, XIV. 
 808; VI. 277, 1 c. 
 
 S'Aq/ , ^^ s [ 8 ha / -fe-ites]: see Sunna, XI. 697,1 be. 
 Shaft, of the Doric order, I. 656, 1 b; Ionic, 
 657, 1 c; Corinthian, 2 c. 
 
 Shaft, of a feather, VII. 103, 2 c. 
 
 Shaft, of a wheel, XVI. 591, 1 b. 
 
 Shaft, in mining, V. 69, 2 a, ff.; XI. 571, 2 a, 
 c, 572, 1 a. 
 
 Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, first 
 earl of [shafts'-ber-e], English statesman, 
 XIV. 808. His friendship with Locke, X. 
 566, 2 a. Anthony Ashley Cooper, third 
 earl, philanthropist and free thinker, XIV. 
 
688 
 
 SHAG 
 
 SHASTRA 
 
 809, 1 ab; XI. 807, 1 c, 812, 1 b. Anthony 
 Ashley Cooper, seventh earl, XIY. 809,1 be. 
 Shag : see Cormorant, Y. 859, 2 ab. 
 
 Shag , coarse tobacco, XY. 783, 1 b. 
 
 Shagreen', a preparation of leather, XIY. 809. 
 Shagreen , shark scales, Y. 183, 2 b. 
 
 Shah [ska], sovereign title, XIII. 321, 1 be. 
 Shahab ud-Din [ska'-kab ood-deen'], monarch, 
 IX. 207, 2 ab. 
 
 Shah-in-shah , sovereign title, II. 217, 1 c. 
 
 Shah JSfameh [na'-meh], Persian epic, VII. 209, 
 
 2 b, c; XIII. 326, 2 a. 
 
 Shakers, religious sect, XIV. 809. History, 
 
 1 ab. Communities, 810, 1 a. Worship, 
 church government, &c., 2 a. Doctrines, 
 
 2 c. Connection with spiritualism, 812,1 b; 
 XY. 276, 1 b. 
 
 Shakespeare, William, English dramatist, XIY. 
 812. His family, 2 a. Early life, 2 be ; life 
 in London, 813, 2 c, ff.; personal attacks 
 upon, 814, 2 b. His works, 2 ab; 815, 1 ab, 
 ft. Popularity in his lifetime, 816, 2 a. 
 Close of his life, 2 be. Portraits, 817, 2 ab, 
 c. Personal characteristics, 2 be. Charac¬ 
 ter of his genius, 818, 1 a. His will, 1 c. 
 Descendants, ib. —Early editions of his plays, 
 
 2 ab; text, 819, 1 ab; modern editions, 1 c. 
 His critics, 2 ab; 821,1 c. Shakespeariana, 
 819, 1 be; 822, 1 be. Shakespearian litera¬ 
 ture, 820, 1 be. Collier’s emendations, 821, 
 
 2 a. Ireland’s forgeries, 822, 1 a. Trans¬ 
 lations, 823, 1 b. Spelling of his name, 1 c. 
 —Sources of his plays: see Bandeulo, and 
 Boccaccio, II. 769, 1 a. His birthplace: 
 see Stratford-upon-Avon, XY. 411, 2 c 
 (ills.). Shakespeare “jubilee,” 412, 1 ab. 
 Shaking palsy, III. 203, 1 a. 
 
 Shaking props , game, Y. 444, 2 c. 
 
 Shak'opee , county seat, XIY. 707, 1 ab. 
 
 Shale, rock, XIY. 823. 
 
 Shalmaneser II., king of Assyria, II. 34, 1 c. 
 
 Shalmaneser IV., 35, 1 b. 
 
 Shama-i-Iran [sha-ma'-e-e-ran'], region in Per¬ 
 sia, YI. 494, 2 b. 
 
 Shaman , inspired man, VII. 672, 1 ab. 
 Sham'anism, a form of spirit worship, XIY. 
 823; X. 115, 1 a. 
 
 Shamas, Babylonian deity, XII. 117, 1 c. 
 Sham-damn skelp , in gun making, VII. 356, 2 c. 
 Shamirun [sha-me-roon'J: see Shama-i-Iran 
 (Index). 
 
 Shammai , scAooZo/fsham'-ma-i], XIII. 381, 2 be 
 (Pharisees). 
 
 Shammy ( chamois) leather , IY. 244, 2 c. 
 
 Shamo [sha'-mo], plain, VIII. 60, 2 a (Gobi). 
 Shamo'kin, borough of Pennsylvania, XIY. 823. 
 Shampooing , in the bath, II. 384, 2 b. 
 
 Shamrock : see Oxalis, XII. 759, 1 a. 
 
 Sham'yl, Caucasian chief, XIV. 824. 
 
 Shanars , devil worshippers, XI. 646, 2 be. 
 Shane's castle, referred to, I. 577, 1 b. 
 
 Shanghai, or Slianghae [shang-hi'J, city of Chi¬ 
 na, XIY. 824 (ill.). 
 
 Shanghai fowls , IY. 780, 2 ab; 782, 2 c. 
 
 Shank , of an anchor, I. 464, 2 c; 467, 1 a. 
 
 Shank or crook , in horns (musical instruments), 
 
 VIII. 818, 1 be. 
 
 Shanmukha , Hindoo deity, IX. 230, 1 be. 
 Shannar tribe , in India, XY. 849, 1 a. 
 
 Shannon, county, XIV. 825. 
 
 Shannon, river of Ireland, XIY. 825. 
 
 Shannon, Wilson (1802-’77, governor of Ohio 
 1838-’40, 1842-’4, M. C. 1853-’5), governor 
 of Kansas, IX. 754, 1 ab, 2 c. 
 
 Shanny, fish, XIY. 825 (ill.); II. 710, 2 a, ab. 
 Shans , race of Burmali, III. 465, 1 be. 
 
 Sharapan pass, Caucasus, IY. 133, 1 c. 
 
 Shares: see Stock Exchange, XY. 387, 2 c. 
 Sharja, town of Arabia, XIY. 826. 
 
 Shark, XIY. 826. Dog fishes, 2 c. White 
 shark, 827, 2 a (ill.) ; blue, 2 c; dusky, small 
 blue, and Atwood’s, 828, 1 ab. Piked dog 
 fishes, 1 b. Topes or hounds, 1 be. Por¬ 
 beagle shark, 2 a; mackerel, 2 ab (ill.); 
 gray, 2 c ; great basking, 829, 1 a (ill.). Sea 
 fox, swingle-tail, or thresher, 2 a (ill.). 
 Cestracion, 2 ab. Greenland shark, 2 b; 
 hammer-headed, 830, 1 b (ill.). Fossil re¬ 
 mains, 2 a. Shark fisheries, 2 ab. Arctic 
 shark, VIII. 233, 2 c. 
 
 Shark ray, fish, I. 493, 1 b. 
 
 Sharon, borough of Pennsylvania, XIY. 830. 
 Sharon, plain of, Palestine, XIII. 5, 2 b. 
 Sharon Springs, New York, XIY. 830. 
 
 Sharp, Granville, English philanthropist, XIY. 
 830. 
 
 Sharp, James, Scottish prelate, XIY. 831. 
 Assassinated, 2 ab. 
 
 Sharp, John, English prelate, XIY. 831. Thom¬ 
 as, archdeacon, 2 be. 
 
 Sharpe, county, XIY. 831. 
 
 Shash: see Tasiikend. 
 
 Shasta, county, XIY. 831. 
 
 Shasta, county seat, XIY. 832, 1 a. 
 
 Shasta, Mount: see Glacier, YII. 828, 1 a; 
 Rocky Mountains, XIY. 379, lb; and Sis¬ 
 kiyou. 
 
 Shastra, or Shaster: see Veda, XYI. 280,1 be. 
 
SIIAT-EL-ARAB 
 
 SHELL 
 
 689 
 
 Shat-el-Arab : see Euphrates, VI. 778, 1 a, c, 
 and IX. 823, 2 a. 
 
 Shat'emuc (Hudson river), IX. 30, 2 b. 
 
 Shaving of the beard, II. 420, 2 b, ff. 
 
 Shaw, Lemuel, American jurist, XIV. 832. 
 
 On insanity as a defence, X. 716, 1 b. 
 Shawangunk mountain [shong'-gum], XII. 355, 
 1 b, 665, 1 b; XVI. 105, 1 c. Geology of, 
 XII. 356, 1 be; XVI. 123, 2 c. Lead mines 
 of, X. 254, 2 be. 
 
 Shaw'ano, county, XIV. 832. 
 
 Shawano , county seat, XIV. 832, 1 c. 
 
 Shawl, garment, XIV. 832. 
 
 Shawl goat, XV. 704, 2 c (Thibet). 
 
 Shawnee', county, XIV. 832. 
 
 Shawnees, Indian tribe, XIV. 832. 
 Shawneetown, county seat, VII. 572, 1 b. 
 Shays, Daniel, American rebel leader, XIV. 
 833. Shays’s rebellion, 1 c; XI. 260, 1 a; 
 III. 164, 1 a. 
 
 Shea, John D. Gilmary [sha], American author, 
 XIV. 833. 
 
 Shearing of cloth, XVI. 719, 2 ab. Shearing 
 machines, 2 b. 
 
 Shearwater, bird, XIV. 833. Greater, 834, 
 
 1 ab (ill.); Manx, 1 c. Another so called, 
 
 2 a; XV. 78, 2 be. 
 
 Sheathbill, bird, XIV. 834. White, 2 ab. 
 She'a tree, African butter plant, III. 502,1 a (ill.). 
 Sheba, in Arabia Felix, XIV. 834. Queen of, 
 2 be; I. 45, 2 be. 
 
 Sheboygan, county, XIV. 834. 
 
 Sheboygan, city of Wisconsin, XIV. 835. 
 SnEOHEM [she'-kem], city of ancient Palestine, 
 XIV. 835 ; IX. 728, 2 b. 
 
 Shed , in weaving, XVI. 523, 2 a. 
 
 Shedd, William Greenough Thayer, American 
 clergyman and educator, XIV. 835. 
 
 Shedim, of the Jews, VII. 63, 1 c. 
 
 Shee, Sir Martin Archer, English painter, XIV. 
 835. 
 
 Sheeahs : see SniAns. 
 
 Sheen: see Schene (Index). 
 
 Sheep, XIV. 835. Corsican musimon, or mouf¬ 
 flon, 836, 2 ab. Asiatic argali, 2 c (ill.); 
 African, 837, 1 ab; American (Rocky moun¬ 
 tain sheep), 1 c (ill.). Domestic sheep, 2 ab ; 
 principal breeds, ib. Fat-rumped and broad¬ 
 tailed, 2 b ; merino, 2 c (ill., 838) ; Saxon, Si¬ 
 lesian, and Flemish, 838, 1 be; Astrakhan or 
 Bokharan, ib. ; Caucasian, 1 c; Leicester or 
 Dishley, 2 ab (ill.) ; Lincolnshire, 2 b; black¬ 
 faced or heath, &c., 2 be. Dorset, South- 
 down, and other British breeds, 839, 1 a. 
 44 
 
 American breeds, 1 ab. Diseases of sheep, 
 2 a. Statistics, 2 be.—Age of sheep, I. 182, 
 2 ab. See Wool, XVI. 713, 1 ab. 
 
 Sheep berry , plant, XVI. 33D, 1 b. 
 
 Sheep laurel, plant, IX. 737, 2 b. 
 
 Sheep's fescue, grass, VIII. 168, 1 c. 
 
 Sheep’s Head, fish, XIV. 839 (ill., 840). 
 
 Sheep skins, for leather, X. 271, 1 b. 
 
 Sheep sorrel, XV. 171, 1 be (ill.). 
 
 Sheerness', town of England, XIV. 840. 
 
 Sheet, in a ship’s rigging, XIV. 865, 2 a. 
 
 Sheffield, town of England, XIV. 840. 
 
 Sheffield, John: see Buckingham, or Buck¬ 
 inghamshire, Duke of. 
 
 Sheffield scientific school, of Yale college, XVI. 
 765, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Sheffield of Spain, I. 243, 1 c (Albacete). 
 
 Shefford, county of Canada, XIV. 841. 
 
 Shehaab, Beshir, emir, VI. 275, 1 c. 
 
 Sheikh [shaik], Bedouin chief, II. 450, 2 b, c. 
 
 Sheikh al-Islam : see Sheikh ul-Islam (Index). 
 
 Sheikh el-beled', Egyptian magistrate, VI. 456, 
 1 c. 
 
 Sheikh el-jeb'el, grand master of the Assassins, 
 II. 25, 1 a. 
 
 Sheikh ul-Islam [ool-iz'-lam]: see Turkey, 
 XVI. 57, 2 be, 59, 1 ab ; Mufti, XII. 26, 2 b. 
 
 Sheil, Richard Lalor [sheel], Irish orator, XIV. 
 841. 
 
 Siiek'el, Hebrew weight and money, XIV. 841. 
 
 Shelburne, county of Nova Scotia, XIV. 841. 
 
 Shelburne, county seat, XIV. 841, 2 a. 
 
 Shelburne, William Petty, earl of: see Lans- 
 downe, X. 154, 2 a. Friendship for Ben- 
 tham, II. 535, 1 a. Shelburne ministry de¬ 
 feated by a whig coalition, VII. 708, 1 ab. 
 
 Shelby, name of nine counties, XIV. 841. 
 
 Shelby, county seat, IV. 658, 2 a. 
 
 Shelby, Isaac, American officer, XIV. 842. 
 
 Shelbyville, city of Indiana, XIV. 842. 
 
 Shelbyville, county seats, II. 448, 1 a; XIV. 
 841, 2 c; 842, 1 a, c (two), 2 b. 
 
 Sheldonian theatre, at Oxford, XII. 763, 2 a. 
 
 Sheldrake, river duck, XIV. 842. Common, 
 843, 1 ab (ill.); other names, 1 c. Ruddy 
 sheldrake, 2 a; other names, 2 b. See Mer¬ 
 ganser, XI. 406, 1 a, and Goosander, XIII. 
 104, 1 c. 
 
 Shelf, in a ship’s frame, XIV. 863, 1 b. 
 
 Shell, in gunnery, I. 786, 1 c, 2 be; 787, 1 be, c ; 
 789, 1 b; 793, 1 ab; 794, 2 b. 
 
 Shell, in heraldry, VIII. 673, 2 a. (See plate.) 
 
 Shell boat, for rowing, XIV. 458, 2 b (ills.). 
 
 Shell Lao : see Lac, X. 76, 1 b. 
 
690 
 
 SHELLEY 
 
 SHIRKING 
 
 Shelley, Percy Bysshe, English poet, XIV. 
 843. Gretna Green marriage, 844, 1 b; 
 separation, 2 a. Second marriage, 2 ab. 
 Deprived of the custody of his children, 2 b. 
 Death, 845, 1 a. Characterization, 1 b.— 
 Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin, English au¬ 
 thoress, 1 be. 
 
 Shelley's case, rule in, I. 25, 1 c (Abeyance). 
 Shelliff’, river of Algeria, I. 303, 1 c. 
 
 Shell mounds, ancient , I. 643, 1 c. Of Brazil, 
 III. 222, 2 a. 
 
 Shelloohs , African race, II. 549, 2 c ; X. 406,1 c. 
 Shells: see Conoiiifera, CoNcnoLOGY, Mol- 
 lusca, and Cameo, III. 652, 1 be. 
 
 Shells , cocoa , IV. 789, 2 a. 
 
 Shelter tent , XV. 653, 2 a. American, 2 b. 
 Shelter trench: see Fortification, VII. 335, 2 c. 
 Shelties , Shetland ponies, XIV. 852, 2 b. 
 Shelton, Frederick William, American author, 
 XIV. 845. 
 
 Shem, son of Noah, XIV. 845. 
 
 Shemitic: see Semitic Race and Languages. 
 Shenandoah [shen-an-do'-a], river, XIV. 845. 
 SeenandoA n, county, XIV. 845. 
 
 Shendy, town of Egypt, XII. 449, 2 a. 
 Shenstone, William, English poet, XIV. 846. 
 Shep'ard, Charles Upham, American physicist, 
 XIV. 846 ; XI. 591, 1 a. 
 
 Shepherd, Anne , dwarf, VI. 336, 1 ab. 
 
 Shepherd kings : see Hyksos (Index). 
 Shepherdsville , county seat, III. 428, 2 a. 
 Sheppey, isle of,\ England (9 by 4|- m.), XI, 
 356, 2 a; XIV. 840, 1 c. 
 
 Sherbrooke, county of Canada, XIV. 846. 
 Town, 1 c. 
 
 Sherburne, county, XIV. 846. 
 
 Sherburne , town (Xantucket), XII. 132, 2 b. 
 Shere Ali: see Afghanistan, I. 162, 2 a, be. 
 Shere Khan , governor of Bengal, IX. 208, 2 a. 
 Sheridan, two counties, XIV. 846. 
 
 Sheridan , county seat, VIII. 155, 1 a. 
 Sheridan, Philip Henry, American soldier, 
 XIV. 846. His management of cavalry, IV. 
 147, 1 b. 
 
 Sheridan, Thomas, Irish clergyman, XIV. 847. 
 Thomas, elocutionist, 2 a. Frances, novel¬ 
 ist, 2 be. Richard Brinsley, dramatist and 
 politician, 2 c. 
 
 Sherif [sha-reef'], Mohammedan noble, XI. 
 695, 1 ab. 
 
 Sheriff, county officer, XIV. 848. Deputy 
 sheriff, 849, 1 c. Sheriff principal and sher¬ 
 iff substitute, in Scotland, 702, 2 c. See 
 Jury, IX. 723, 2 c, and Subpcena. 
 
 Sherlock, William, English clergyman, XIV. 
 
 850. Thomas, prelate, 2 a. 
 
 Sherman, two counties, XIV. 850. 
 
 Sherman, city of Texas, XIV. 850. 
 
 Sherman , county seat, XVI. 578, 2 c. 
 
 Sherman, Roger, American statesman, XIV, 
 
 850. 
 
 Sherman, William Tecumseh, soldier, XIV. 
 
 851. See Atlanta, Chattanooga, Savan¬ 
 nah, Vicksburg. —John, statesman, 852, 1 a 
 (Secretary of the treasury 1877). 
 
 Sherry : see Spain, Wines of, XV. 224, 1 a. 
 Shervashidze, Abkhasian dynasty, I. 26, 2 b. 
 Sherwood, forest of XII. 520, 1 ab. 
 
 Sherwood, Mary Martha, English authoress, 
 
 XIV. 852. 
 
 Sheshapootosh , Hascapee Indians, XII. 149, 1 a. 
 Shetland Islands, XIV. 852. History, 2 b. 
 Shetucket river , Connecticut, V. 251, 2 b. 
 
 Shew , Joel (1816-’55), hydropathic physician 
 (author of several works), IX. 126, 1 ab. 
 Shew Bread [sho], of the Jewish sanctuary, 
 XIV. 852. 
 
 Shiahs [she'-az], Mohammedan sect, XIV. 
 853; I. 624, 1 c; IX. 428, 1 be; XIII. 319, 
 
 2 c. See Sunna. 
 
 Shians : see Fairies, VII. 65, 1 a. 
 
 SniAWASSEE, county, XIV. 853. 
 
 Shield, XIV. 853 (ills.). See Armor. 
 
 Shield, in heraldry, VIII. 671,1 c. (Seeplate.) 
 Shield grafting, VIII. 141, 2 b. 
 
 “ Shield of Minerva, the,” famous dish, XIII. 
 
 127, 2 c. 
 
 Shieldrake: see Sheldrake. 
 
 Shields, Horth and South, towns of England, 
 XIV. 854. 
 
 Shieldsborough, county seat, VIII. 434, 1 c. 
 
 “ Shift,” in mining, XI. 573, 2 b. \ 
 
 Shifu [she-foo'], paper cloth, XIII. 51, 1 a. 
 Shiites [slie'-ites]: see Shiahs (Index). 
 Siiikarpoor [shik-ar-poor'], town of India, 
 XIV. 854. 
 
 Shikellamy, Cayuga chief, X. 575, 1 be. 
 
 Shilka river , I. 433, 1 a (Amoor). 
 
 Shilling, coin, XIV. 8o4. Pine tree shilling, 
 
 V. 25, 2 c. 
 
 Shiloh, town of Palestine, XIV. 854. 
 
 Shiloh, Tennessee, battle of, XIV. 854. 
 Shimonoseki [she-mo-no-sa'-ke], town of Ja¬ 
 pan, XIV. 855. Bombardment of, 1 ab. 
 Shiner : see Dace, V. 628, 2 a. 
 
 Shingle, beach gravel, VIII. 173, 2 c. 
 
 Shingles, for roofing, XIV. 420, 1 b. 
 Shinking', province of Mantchooria, XIV. So5 
 
SHINTO 
 
 SHUBRICK 
 
 691 
 
 SniNTO, a religion : see Japan, IX. 537, 2 c, 
 ff. Shinto literature, 562, 1 a. 
 
 Ship, XIV. 855. Varieties of ships, 1 c. An¬ 
 cient, 2 b; mediaeval, 856, 1 c; modern, 
 2 b. American ships, 857, 2 b. Modern im¬ 
 provements, 858, 1 c. Steam vessels, 859, 
 
 1 b. Iron ships, 859, 2 c; composite, 860, 
 
 2 a. Ship building, 2 c. Masts and rigging, 
 864, 2 a: see 855,1 c. Sails, 865, 2 c. The¬ 
 ory of working ship, 866, 2 a (ill.). Cables 
 and anchors, 867, 2 b. Seaworthiness, IX. 
 316, 2 c. 
 
 “Ship money” arbitrary tax, VIII. 429, 2 a; 
 VI. 624, 1 a. 
 
 Shipp, Albert M., American clergyman, XIV. 
 
 868 . 
 
 Shipping, XIV. 868. Custom of merchants, 
 1 ab. Property in ships, 1 c. U. S. navigation 
 laws, 2 a. Rights of part owners, 869, 1 a; 
 of owner and shipper, 1 c. Contract of 
 affreightment, 2 b. Charter party, 870, 1 a. 
 Ship master, 1 c. Pilotage, 2 b. 
 
 Shipping articles , XIV. 736, 2 be. 
 
 Ship's husband, XIV. 869, 1 b. 
 
 Ships of the line , XII. 185, 2 c ; 187, 1 c. 
 
 Ship Worm, XIV. 870 (ills., 871); XI. 722, 1 a; 
 
 V. 202, 1 c. 
 
 SniRAZ [she-raz'j, city of Persia, XIV. 871. 
 
 Grapes and wine of, XIII. 317, 1 c. 
 
 Shire : see County. 
 
 Shire [she-ra'J, river of Africa, XIV. 872. 
 Shiremote , county court, IX. 52, 2 c. 
 
 Shirene', of Persian poetry, IV. 520,1 be; XIII. 
 323, 1 a. 
 
 Shirin [she-reen'J: see Shirene (Index). 
 Shirley, James, English dramatist, XIV. 872. 
 Shirring, of India-rubber cloth, III. 739, 2 c. 
 Shirueh [shee'-roo-Sh]: see Siroes (Index). 
 Shirwa [sheer'-wa], lake of Africa, XIV. 872. 
 Shishak, Egyptian king, VI. 462, 2 c. 
 Shishinwo [she-sheen'-wo]: see Mikado, XI. 
 530, 2 b. 
 
 Shistov: see Sistova. 
 
 Shittim wood, I. 712, 1 b. 
 
 Shiva: see Siva (Index). 
 
 Slikipetars, Albanians, I. 244, 2 b. 
 
 Sho'a, division of Abyssinia, XIV. 872. King¬ 
 dom, 2 be. 
 
 SnoDDY, rag wool, XIV. 872. Referred to, 
 
 VI. 65, 1 ab; XVI. 715, 1 ab. 
 
 Shoe, XIV. 873. Ancient forms, 1 b (ills.) ; 
 mediaeval, 2 b (ills.). Shoes of Chinese ladies, 
 874, 1 be. Wooden shoes, 1 c. Manufac¬ 
 ture, ib. ; “ turn ” shoes, 2 b. Boot and 
 
 shoe machinery, 875, 2 a. Production in 
 the United States, 875, 1 a. Process of shoe¬ 
 making, 876, 2 a. 
 
 Shoe, of a ship, XIV. 862, 2 b. 
 
 Shoemadoo, pagoda of, XII. 790, 2 b. 
 
 Shoemakers, “ team” of, XIV. 876, 2 c. 
 
 Shogun [sho-goon'J : see Japan, IX. 542, 1 c. 
 ff.; 544, 2 ab ; 545, 2 c, ff. 
 
 Shomer, Jebel, division of Arabia, XV. 5. 
 
 Shooting star, plant, XIII. 838, 2 a. 
 
 Shooting Stars : see Meteor. 
 
 Shore, Jane, mistress of Edward IV., XV. 6. 
 
 Shorea (botany), IX. 203, 2 ab. 
 
 “ Short,” in stock dealing, XV. 388, 1 c. 
 
 Shorthand reports, of congressional speeches, 
 first made, VII. 563, 2 b. 
 
 Short leg, in cricket, V. 482, 1 b (diagram). 
 
 Shorts: see Wheat, XVI. 588, 2 a, b. 
 
 Shoshocos, Indians, XV. 6, 2 a. 
 
 Shosho'ne, county, XV. 6. 
 
 Shoshone river : see Snake River. 
 
 Shoshones, family of Indians, XV. 6. Sho¬ 
 shones proper, 2 a. See Bannacks. 
 
 Shot : see Lead, X. 262, 2 be. 
 
 Shotts: see Sahara, XIV. 522, 1 b. 
 
 Shoushwap, Indians, II. 85, 2 b. 
 
 Shovel fish, XV. 432, 2 a. 
 
 Shoveller : see Duck, VI. 289, 1 b. 
 
 Shoic , in pugilism, XIV. 76, 1 ab. 
 
 Shrapnel shell, IV. 53, 1 b; I. 789, 1 ab. 
 
 Shreveport, city of Louisiana, XV. 7. 
 
 Shrew, insectivorous mammal, XV. 7. Mole 
 shrew, 8, 1 a (ill., 7); common European, 
 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Shrew Mole : see Mole, XI. 706, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Shrew mouse : see Shrew. 
 
 Shrewsbury, town of England, XV. 8. 
 
 Shrewsbury, earl of, slain by Buckingham 
 (George Villiers) in a duel, III. 387, 1 a. 
 
 Shreivsbury case (1871), alluded to, III. 309, 2 b. 
 
 Shrike : see Butcher Bird. Great American, 
 III. 486, 2 be; great cinereous, 487, 1 c; 
 loggerhead, ib. 
 
 Shrimp, crustacean, XV. 8. Common, 2 b 
 (ill.) ; American, 9, 1 a. So-called shrimp, ib. 
 
 Shropshire, county of England, XV. 9. 
 
 Shrouds, of a ship, XIV. 865, 1 a. 
 
 Shrove Tide, in the church calendar, XV. 9. 
 Shrove Tuesday, 1 c; X. 344, 2 b ; IV. 9, 2 a. 
 
 Shrub yellow-root : see Yellow-Root. 
 
 Shu, in Egyptian mythology, XII. 116, 2 ab. 
 
 Siiubrick, John Templar, American naval of¬ 
 ficer, XV. 9. William Branford, naval of¬ 
 ficer, 2 ab. 
 
692 
 
 SHUJAH 
 
 SIEGE 
 
 Shujah, shah of Afghanistan, I. 161, 1 c. 
 
 Shulhan Arakh, in Jewish literature, VIII. 
 597, 2 h. 
 
 Shulluhs [shoof-loos']: see Shelloohs (Index). 
 Shumla [shoora'-la], city of Bulgaria, XV. 9. 
 
 Shumen or Shumna, 10, 1 a. 
 
 Shurtleff College, Illinois, XV. 10. 
 
 Shushan: see Susa. 
 
 Shute-Barrington: see Barrington, II.337, la. 
 Shuttle , of a loom, XVI. 523, 1 h. Shuttle 
 race, 2 a. 
 
 Shwanpan , Chinese counting machine, I. 5,1 b. 
 Shyster , pettifogging lawyer, X. 238, 1 c. 
 
 Sialia (ornithology), II. 757, 1 c. S. Wilsonii, 
 ib. (ill.); Mexicana, 2 a; arctica, 2 b. 
 
 Siam, kingdom of Indo-China, XV. 10. Physi¬ 
 cal features, 2 a. Climate, 2 he. Vegeta¬ 
 tion, 2 c. Animals, 11, 1 a. Minerals, 1 b. 
 Population, 1 c. Social customs, 2 b. Edu¬ 
 cation, 12,1 a. Religion, 1 ab. Missions, 1 b. 
 Commerce, 1 c. Currency, 2 a. Govern¬ 
 ment, 2 ab. Code of laws, 13, 1 ab. Mili¬ 
 tary, 1 b. History, ib. —The Siamese, IX. 
 253, 1 be. 
 
 Siam, Language and Literature of, XV. 13. 
 Siamese Twins : see Monster, XI. 765,2 c (ill.). 
 Siberia, XV. 14. Divisions, 1 c. Physical 
 features, 2 a. Geology and minerals, 15, 2 c. 
 Climate, 16, 1 be. Flora, 2 a. Agriculture, 
 
 2 be. Fauna, 2 c. Population, 17, 1 a. In¬ 
 dustries, 2 be. Military divisions, 18, 1 b. 
 History, 1 c. 
 
 Sibley, county, XV. 18. 
 
 Sibley tent , XV. 653, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Sibour, Marie Dominique Auguste [se-boor], 
 French prelate, XV. 18. 
 
 Si-Bou-Zian , Algerian rebel, I. 306, 2 b. 
 
 Sibyl, mythical prophetess, XV. 18. Cumeean 
 sibyl, 19,1 a ; her cavern, V. 576, 1 c. Sib¬ 
 ylline books, X V. 19,1 ab. “ Sibylline Ora¬ 
 cles,” 1 be; XVI. 208, 1 c (Universalists). 
 Sicania: see Sicily. 
 
 Sicaed, Rocb Ambroise Cucurron,abb6 [se-kar], 
 French philanthropist, XV. 19. His system 
 of deaf-mute education, V. 733, 2 c. 
 
 Sicca Veneria , ancient Xumidian town, IX. 
 781, 1 c. 
 
 Sichams [si-ke'-us], VI. 96, 2 a (Dido). 
 
 Sichem: see Shechem. 
 
 Sicilia: see Sicily. 
 
 Sicilian sea , XI. 353, 2 c. 
 
 Sicilian vespers , XV. 20, 1 b ; IV. 299, 2 b. 
 Sicilian war , VIII. 193, 2 a, ff. 
 
 Sicilies, The Two, kingdom of southern Italy, 
 
 XV. 19. Sicilian vespers, 20, 1 b. Merged 
 with Victor Emanuel’s possessions, 21, 1 a. 
 Sicily, island of the Mediterranean, XV. 21. 
 Physical features, 1 c. Geology, 2 b. Cli¬ 
 mate, 2 be. Vegetation, 2 c. Population, 
 22, 1 ab; original, 1 ab, c. History, ib .: 
 see Sicilies, The Two. 
 
 Sickingen, Franz von [fon zik'-ing-en], Ger¬ 
 man soldier, XV. 22 ; V. 479, 1 c. 
 
 Sickle : see Scythe. 
 
 Sickle-Bill : see Curlew, V. 583, 1 c. 
 
 Sickles, Daniel Ephraim, American general, 
 XV. 22. 
 
 Sic'uli , ancient Italian race, X. 202, 2 a; XV. 
 
 22, 1 ab (Siculians) : see 1 c. 
 
 Sicyon [sis'-e-on], ancient city of Greece, XV. 
 
 23. Sicyonia, territory, 1 b. 
 
 Sicldim, vale of, VIII. 96, 2 c. 
 
 Siddons, Sarah, English actress, XV. 23; IX. 
 785, 1 c. 
 
 Sidereal Time : see Day. Sidereal day, V, 
 722,1 b. Sidereal month, XI. 799, 1 a. Si¬ 
 dereal year, XVI. 774, 2 ab. 
 
 Siderite , ore of iron, IX. 409, la; II. 558, 2 ab. 
 
 Siderite clay ironstone, IX. 408, 2 ab. 
 Siderog'raphy : see Engraving, VI. 650, 2 a. 
 Side-saddle flower, plant, XIII. 548, 1 b. 
 
 Si Deus in terris, vellet habitare Bceterris , pro¬ 
 verb, II. 603, 2 be. 
 
 Sidi Moham'med [se'-de], emperor of Morocco, 
 XV. 23. 
 
 Sidmouth, Lord [sid'-muth] : see Addington, 
 Henry. 
 
 Sidney, county seats, IV. 394, 2 a; VII. 477,1 c-, 
 XIV. 842, 1 b. 
 
 Sidney, Algernon, English statesman, XV. 23. 
 Sidney, Sir Philip, English author, XV. 24. 
 
 Mary, countess of Pembroke, 25, 2 b. 
 
 Sidon, ancient city, XV. 25. 
 
 Sidonius Apollinaris, Cams Sollius Modestus, 
 Latin author and saint, XV. 26. 
 
 Sidra, Gulf of [se'-dra]: see Syrtis. 
 Siebenburgen [ze'-ben-bur-ghen] : see Tran¬ 
 sylvania. 
 
 Siebengebirge range [ze'-ben-geh-beer-geh], VI. 
 237, 1 c. 
 
 Siebold, Philipp Franz von [ze'-bolt], German 
 traveller, XV. 26. Karl Theodor Ernst von, 
 physiologist, 1 c. His classification of mol 
 lusks, XI. 50, 2 b. 
 
 Siedlce [shedT-tseh], government of Russia, 
 XV. 26. Capital, 2 a. 
 
 Siegbert [seeg'-bert]: see Sigebert (Index). 
 Siege, XV,. 26. Ancient sieges, 2 be. Transi- 
 
SIEGEN 
 
 SILIQUE 
 
 693 
 
 tion period, 27, 2 a. Modern sieges, 2 b 
 (ill., 28). 
 
 Siegen [ze'-ghen], town of Prussia, XY. 30. 
 
 Siegert, Karl August [ze'-ghert], German paint¬ 
 er, XY. 31. 
 
 Siemens, Ernst Werner [se'-menz; Ger. ze'- 
 mence], German inventor, XV. 31. Karl 
 Wilhelm, 1 b. Friedrich, 1 c. Siemens’s 
 gas furnace, VII. 543, 2 a, ff. (ills.); VIII. 
 14, 2 ab; XY. 363, 1 a. Sponge processes 
 in iron making, IX. 403, 2 c. 
 
 Siena [se-a'-na], province of Italy, XY. 31. 
 Capital city, 2 ab. History, 2 b. 
 
 Sienitza , fortress of Bosnia, III. 112, 1 ab. 
 
 Sienna [se-en'-na]: see Siena. 
 
 Sienna , or burnt sienna , a paint, III. 5, 2 c. 
 
 Sierra [se-er'-ra], county, XV. 31. 
 
 Sierra , a region of Peru, XIII. 335, 2 a. 
 
 Sierra Leo'ne, British colony in Africa, XY. 
 32. Colored emigrants to : see Cuffee, 
 Paul, Y. 561, 2 a. 
 
 Sierra Madre [se-air'-ra ma'-£Ara]: see Mex¬ 
 ico, XI. 465, 1 c. 
 
 Sierra Morena [mo-ra'-na] : see Spain, XY. 
 204, 1 b. 
 
 Sierra Nevada [ne-va'-da; Sp. na-va'-^a]: 
 see California, III. 599, 2 b; Kooky Moun¬ 
 tains, XIY. 379, 1 a; Spain, XY. 204, 1 be. 
 Volcano of Mexico, IX. 478, 2 c. 
 
 Siete Partidas, Las [las se-a'-ta par-te'-£Mss], 
 a Spanish code of laws, I. 296, 1 ab. 
 
 Sieyes, Emmanuel Joseph, count, or abbe [se- 
 yace], French statesman, XV. 32. 
 
 Sifans, the, Asiatic race, IX. 253, 1 c. 
 
 Sigbrit Willius [seeg'-brit vil'-le-oos], favorite 
 of Christian II., IY. 524, 2 b, c; 526, 1 c. 
 
 Sigebert [se'-geh-bert], king of Austrasia, II. 
 135,1 b(Siegbert); III. 357, 2 b; VII. 448,2b. 
 
 Sigfrid [seeg'-freed], husband of Genevieve 
 of Brabant, VII. 671, 2 b. 
 
 Sigfried , in German legend, XII. 419, 2 b. 
 
 Sigfusson, Scemund , Icelandic priest and schol¬ 
 ar, IX. 155, 1 b. 
 
 Sight: see Vision. 
 
 “ Sight like a hawk,^ proverbial, VIII. 530, 2 be. 
 
 Sight trees , in surveying, XY. 492, 2 a. 
 
 Sigillaria , fossil plant: see Coal Plants. 
 
 Sigillaria , Roman festival, XIY. 641, 2 c. 
 
 Sigismund [sij'-is-mund; Ger. ze'-ghis-moont], 
 emperor of Germany, XV. 33. See Ziska. 
 
 Sigismund , king of Burgundy, referred to, IY. 
 708, 2 c. 
 
 Sigismund I., II., and III., kings of Poland : 
 oee Poland, XIII. 645-’6. 
 
 Sigmaringen [zi c h'-ma-ring-en]: see IIohen- 
 
 ZOLLERN. 
 
 Sigmodon (zoology). XIV. 212, 2 c. S. his- 
 pidus, 213, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Sigmodon'tes (zoology), XII. 14, 1 b. 
 
 Sigmodont mice , XII. 14, 2 c; rats, XIY. 212, 2 a. 
 Sigmoid flexure of the colon , Y. 90, 2 ab, c. 
 Signal posts, telegraph, XV. 609, 1 c. First 
 suggestion of, I. 433, 1 a. 
 
 Signal Service, XY. 33. Of the United 
 States, 2 c. Storm signals, 34, 1 b; graphic 
 charts, 1 c. “Probabilities,” percentage of 
 verifications, 35,1 ab. Cautionary signal, ib. 
 Signals, Fog: see Lighthouse, X. 457, 2 c. 
 Signals, Naval, XV. 35. International code 
 of, 2 a. Distance signals, 36, 1 a. Meyer’s 
 improvement, 1 b. 
 
 Signature, of the sheets of a book, III. 78, 1 b. 
 Signs of the ecliptic , YI. 392, 2 a. 
 
 Sigourney [sig'-ur-ne], county seat, IX. 806, 2 b. 
 Sigourney, Lydia Huntley, American author¬ 
 ess, XY. 36. 
 
 Siguenza y Gongora, Carlos de [se-gwain'-tha 
 e goan'-go-ra], Mexican scholar, XY. 36. 
 Si-LIamed ben Hamza, Algerian insurgent lead¬ 
 er, I. 307, 1 b. 
 
 Sihon, river, XY. 36. See Jaxartes. 
 
 Sikas [se'-kas], Malay race, 11.643, 2 c; 264,2 be. 
 Sikhs [seeks], a Hindoo people, XV. 36; IX. 
 216, 1 be. Wars with them, VIII. 454,1 c; 
 XIY. 92, 2 c; XY. 37, 1 a. See Runjeet 
 Singh. 
 
 Sikkim, state of British India, XV, 37. 
 
 Sil [seel], river of Spain, XI. 598, 2 b. 
 
 Si-Lala [se-la'-la], Algerian insurgent leader, 
 I. 307, 1 a, ab. 
 
 Silberhbrner, Swiss mountain peaks, IX. 714,1 c. 
 Sileni, XIY. 642, 1 ab (Satyrs). 
 
 Silenus, in mythology, XV. 37. 
 
 Silesia, Austrian, XY. 38. 
 
 Silesia, Prussian, XY. 38. History, 2 ab. 
 Silesian school of poetry, VII. 768, 1 c. 
 Silesian wars, XY. 38, 2 b; VII. 456, 1 a, If. 
 See Maria Theresa. 
 
 Silesius, Angelas : see Angelus Silesius. 
 Silica : see Silicon. 
 
 Silicates, Soluble: see Glass, Soluble. Hy¬ 
 drous and anhydrous, XY. 39, 2 a. 
 
 Silicic acid, XY. 39, 1 b. S. anhydride, ib. 
 Silicious deposit, in alluvium, I. 339, 2 a. 
 Silicium: see Silicon. 
 
 Silicon (chemistry), XY. 38. In pig iron, IX. 
 
 370, 1 b; in steel, XY. 356, 2 a. 
 
 Silique [se-leek'], a form of fruit, XIII. 591, 1 b. 
 
69d 
 
 SILISTRIA 
 
 SIMON 
 
 Silis'tkia, town of Bulgaria, XV. 39. 
 
 Silius Italicus, Roman poet, X. 197, 1 c. 
 
 Silk, fibre, XV. 40. History of silk manufac¬ 
 ture, 1 b; processes of, 41, 2 a. “ Charged 
 silks,” V. 137, 2 c. 
 
 Silh-cotton tree , XV. 11, 1 a. Referred to, 
 VII. 148, 2 c. 
 
 Silk Spider, XV. 42 (ill., 43). Silk of, 43,1 be; 
 IV. 774, 1 a. 
 
 Silhweed: see Milkweed, XI. 545, 2 b. 
 Silkworm, XV. 43. Moth, 1 c; stages of 
 growth, 2 b (ills.). Cocoons, 44,1 c. Rear¬ 
 ing, 2 c. Other kinds, 45, 1 a.—Fecundity 
 of the silkworm, IX. 313, 1 be. Introduc¬ 
 tion of into Byzantium, 728, 1 c. Reputed 
 discoverer of, XIII. 230, 2 b. 
 
 Silliman, Benjamin, American physicist, XV. 
 45 ; VII. 691, 2 ab. Benjamin, jr., physi¬ 
 cist, XV. 45, 2 be. 
 
 Silloway, Thomas William, architect, XV. 46. 
 Siio'am (Old Testament and poetic form, Si- 
 loah), a pool or tank near Jerusalem, IX. 
 612, 2 ab; 618, 2 ab (twice). 
 
 Silphium, genus of plants, XV. 46. S. lacinia- 
 tum, 1 c (ill.); terebintliinaceum, 2 ab; per- 
 foliatum, 2 b. 
 
 Silures [sil'-u-reez], Celtic tribe of Wales, XVI. 
 427, 2 a. 
 
 Silurian, geologic age, XV. 46; VII. 696, 
 1 b, ff. In the classification of the New 
 York geologists, IV. 182, 2 ab; XV. 46, 2 c. 
 See Murchison, Sedgwick, Adam, and Pa¬ 
 laeontology, XIII. 811-816. 
 
 Silurum insulae , XIV. 693, 1 a (Scilly Isl¬ 
 ands). 
 
 Silva Marciana: see Black Forest. 
 
 Silvanella, fata , fairy, VII. 63, 2 c. 
 
 Silva'nus: see Mars, XI. 190, 2 c. 
 
 Silver, XV. 47. Properties, 2 b. Alloys, 48, 
 
 1 be. Standard silver, 2 b; I. 336, 2 a. 
 Chemistry of silver, XV. 48, 2 b. Oxides, 
 
 2 c; fulminating silver, 49, 1 a, VII. 39, 
 1 ab, 2 a; sulphate, XV. 49, 1 a; nitrate, 
 ib., XII. 463, 1 ab, 2 a; chloride, XV. 49, 
 1 ab, 2 b; bromide and iodide, 1 c, 2 be.— 
 Metallurgy of silver, 1 c. Native silver, 2 a. 
 Ores, 2 ab. Treatment, 50, 2 ab; smelting 
 processes, ib .; amalgamation, 51, 1 a; hu¬ 
 mid extraction, 52, 2 c. Separation of sil¬ 
 ver from gold, VIII. 85, 2 b.—Uses of silver, 
 XV. 53, 2 ab. Comparative value, 2 b. 
 Estimated product, ib ., ff.—Mines, 54, 1 be; 
 of Europe, ib. ; of Mexico, 55, 1 c; of Peru 
 and Bolivia, 56, 1 c; of Chili, 2 b; of the 
 
 United States, 2 c.—Silver as a legal tender 
 in the United States, V. 27, 1 b, ff. “Silver 
 scheme,” I. 107, 1 c. Silver profit fund, 
 XI. 620, 2 a. Brittle silver: see Black 
 Silver. 
 
 Silver age, mythical, I. 185, 2 c. 
 
 Silver-bell tree , XV. 137, 1 c. 
 
 Silver City , county seat, XII. 757, 1 b. 
 
 Silver fish: see Silverside, and Gold Fish. 
 Silver foil , use of, XV. 48, 1 be. 
 
 Silver glance , ore, XV. 49, 2 be. 
 
 Silvering amalgam , II. 667, 1 a. 
 
 Silvering of mirrors, I. 268, 1 a (Aldehyde). 
 Silver Lady chapel, Innspruck, IX. 292, 1 a. 
 Silver Mountain , county seat, I. 351, 2 a. 
 Silverside, fish, XV. 57 (ill.). 
 
 Silver steel , alloy, XV. 48, 1 c. 
 
 Silvery hair-tail, fish, XIV. 660, 1 c (ill.). 
 Silvio, Monte: see Matterhorn. 
 
 Silybum Marianum (botany), XV. 713, 2 ab. 
 Simae'this (entomology), XI. 870, 1 ab. 
 Simaru’ba cedron (botany), IV. 166, 2 c. 
 Simbirsk [sim-.beersk'J, government of Russia, 
 XV. 57. Capital city, 2 c. 
 
 Simcoe, county, XV. 58. 
 
 Simcoe, county seat, XII. 482, 1 a. 
 
 Simcoe, Lake: see Ontario, XII. 635, 1 ab. 
 Simeon, son of Jacob and Leah, XV. 58. 
 Simeon, Paulician leader and martyr, XIII. 
 177, 2 b. 
 
 Simeon, Charles, English clergyman, XV. 58. 
 Simeon Stylites : see Stylites. 
 
 Simferopol, town of the Crimea, XV. 58. 
 Sim'ia (zoology), XII. 667, 2 a. S. cynocepha- 
 lus, II. 184, 2 a; satyrus, III. 104, 2 a. 
 Simi'adce (zoology), XI. 750, 1 be. 
 
 Simice catarrhi'ni (zoology), XI. 750, 1 c. S. 
 platarrhini, ib. 
 
 “ Similia similibus curanturf VIII. 379, 1 b; 
 783, 2 b ; I. 334, 2 ab. 
 
 Simla, summer capital of British India, XV. 58. 
 Simms, William Gilmore, American author, XV. 
 58. 
 
 Simnel, Lambert, English pretender, VI. 611, 
 1 b; VIII. 647, 2 c. 
 
 Simocatta : see Theophylact, historian. 
 Simo'is [sim'-o-is], river of Troas, XVI. 9, 2 c. 
 Simon, Antoine [se-mo ng ], jailer of Louis XVII., 
 X. 664, 1 c. 
 
 Simon, Dr. [ze'-moan], (Johann Franz, died 
 1844), of Berlin, experiments on discolora¬ 
 tions of the human skin, V. 91, 1 be, 2 a. 
 Simon, Jules, French statesman, XV. 59. 
 
 I Simon, Richard, Biblical critic, XV. 59. 
 
SIMONE 
 
 SIPHONOSTOMA 
 
 695 
 
 Simone di Maktino [se-mo'-na de mar-te'-no]: 
 see Memmi. 
 
 Simonians , religious sect, XV. 60, 1 b. 
 Simonides [si-mon'-e-deez], Greek poet, XV. 
 59; I. 151, 2 c. Mnemonics invented by, 
 XI. 683, 1 c. Simonides the Younger, XV. 
 59, 2 c; the Elder, ib. 
 
 Simonin, Louis Laurent [se-muh-na ng ], French 
 author, XV. 59. 
 
 Simonis , Menno : see Menno Symons. 
 
 Simon Magus, magician, XV. 60. 
 
 Simonoseki : see Siiimonoseki. 
 
 Simon Peter: see Petek, Saint. 
 
 Simon's theory of inflammation, IX. 276, 2 c. 
 Simoom', a wind from the desert, XV. 60; 
 
 XVI. 658, 2 c; I. 165, 2 a. 
 
 Simosaurians , VI. 589, 1 c (Enaliosaueians). 
 Simosaurus, ib. 
 
 Simpheropol: see Simfekopol. 
 
 Simplicissimus , a separatist: see Cypkian, V. 
 
 615, 1 c. 
 
 Simplicists , German sectaries, VIII. 755, 1 a. 
 Sim'plon [Fr. sa ng -plo ng ]: see Alps, I. 354, 1 c. 
 Simpson, two counties, XV. 60. 
 
 Simpson, Sir James Young, Scottish physician, 
 XV. 60. 
 
 Simpson, Mathew, American clergyman, XV. 61. 
 Simpson, Thomas, English mathematician, XV. 
 
 61; X. 425, 1 be, 430, 2 be. 
 
 Simkock, Karl, German author, XV. 61. Trans¬ 
 lation of the Eddas, VI. 400, 1 b. (D. 1876.) 
 Sims, James Marion, American surgeon, XV. 61. 
 Simulium (entomology), VI. 129, 1 c; II. 678, 
 1 c. S. molestum, ib. ; VI. 129, 1 c. S. 
 nocivum, ib.; II. 678, 1 c. 
 
 Sin, Babylonian moon god, XII. 117, 1 c. 
 
 Sin, mortal, in Eoman Catholic doctrine, XIV. 
 393, 1 c; venial, ib. 
 
 Sinai [si'-na], group of mountains in Arabia, 
 XV. 61. Summits of historic and Biblical 
 interest, 62, 1 ab. Mt. Sinai, attempts to 
 identify it, 1 b, ff. Horeb, 2 be. Inscrip¬ 
 tions, referred to, VI. 460, 1 e. 
 
 Sinalo'a, state of Mexico, XV. 63. Town, 1 b. 
 Sina'pis (botany), XII. 105, 1 a. S. alba and 
 nigra, ib. ; arvensis, 106, 1 c. Sinapism, 1 b. 
 Sin'olaie, Sir John, Scottish agriculturist, 
 XV. 63. Sir George, author, 2 a. John, 
 clergyman, ib. Catharine, authoress, 2 b. 
 Sin'daco , Italian political officer, IX. 448, 1 b. 
 Sinde [sind], division of Bombay, XV. 63. 
 History, 64, 2 b. Plain of, IX. 200, 2 b. 
 River: see Indus. 
 
 Sindh : see Sinde. 
 
 Sindhi [sin-d’he'J, a language of India, IX. 
 216, 2 c; 218, 2 a. 
 
 Sindhu, in Hindoo mythology, IX. 224, 2 b. 
 Sindia, Family of : see Gwaliob. 
 
 Sine, in trigonometry, XV. 865, 2 b, ff. Cosine, 
 2 c. Versed sine, 866,1 a. Co versed sine, ib. 
 —Law of the sines, in optics, XII. 654, 1 a. 
 Singapoee', province of the Straits Settlements, 
 XV. 65. Island, 1 b. Capital of the Straits 
 Settlements, 1 c (view). History, 66, 1 a. 
 Singapura: see Singapoee, XV. 66, 1 a. 
 Singeing process, in calendering goods, III. 
 580, 2 b. 
 
 Singhalese', IX. 221, 2 b. See Cingalese. 
 Singhara [sin-ga'-ra], nut, IV. 54, 2 ab. 
 Singing flames, VII. 255, 2 b. See Pykophone, 
 and Sound, XV. 175, 1 b. 
 
 44 Single-speech Hamilton,' 1 '' VIII. 423, 2 c ; III. 
 456, 1 c. 
 
 Sing Sing, village of New York, XV. 66. State 
 prison, 1 be. 
 
 Sinhalese : see Cingalese Language. 
 Sinigaglia [se-ne-ga'-lya], town of Italy, XV.66. 
 Sinister chief, in heraldry, VIII. 671, 2 a. Sin¬ 
 ister base, ib., and c. (See plate.) 
 
 Sinking fire, in smelting furnaces, II. 743, 2 c. 
 Sinks, hollows in Florida, VII. 281,1 ab. Sinks 
 of Nevada, XII. 263, 2 c, 264, 1 b, 266, 2 be ; 
 IV. 568, 1 be. Humboldt sink, IX. 47, 2 b. 
 Sink holes of Tennessee, XV. 644, 2 a, 
 Sinnet, cord of cocoanut fibre, IV. 791, 1 b. 
 Sino'pe, seaport of Asia Minor, XV. 66. 
 
 Sinto : see Shinto (Index). 
 
 Sinub [se-noob']: see Sinope. 
 
 Si'nus, fistulous, VII. 242, 2 a. 
 
 Sinus Abrahce, X. 476, 1 c (Limbo). 
 
 Sinuses, nasal, XII. 515, 2 c. 
 
 Sinusoids, in sonorous vibrations, XV. 179,1 c. 
 Sion: see Zion. 
 
 Sion college, London, V. 57, 2 c. 
 
 Sion house, religious institution, III. 288, 1 b. 
 Sioot [se-oot/], city of Egypt, XV. 66. 
 
 Sioux [sewz; sing, sew], Indian tribe, XV. 66. 
 Missions and schools, 67, 1 b, 2 ab. Lan¬ 
 guage, 2 c. 
 
 Sioux [sew], county of Iowa, XV. 68. 
 
 Sioux City, city of Iowa, XV. 68. 
 
 Sioux Falls, county seat, XI. 602, 1 b. 
 
 Sipho: see Fike Engine, VII. 210, 1 ab. 
 Siphon: see Syphon. 
 
 Siphonia (botany), III. 734,1 c. S. cahucu, ib.; 
 
 elastica, 735, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Siphonoph'ora (mollusca), XV. 400, 1 ab. 
 Siphonos'toma (epizoa), VI. 694, 1 c. 
 
696 
 
 SIPHRA 
 
 SJiELLAND 
 
 Siph'ra, in Jewish literature, YIII. 595, 1 a. 
 Siracusa, Siragosa: see Syracuse, Italy. 
 
 Sirang [se-rang']: see Ceram. 
 
 Sircar [sur'-kar], Hindoo broker, III. 573,1 c. 
 Sirdar , Turkish field marshal, XYI. 396, 2 a; 
 XY. 37, 1 b. 
 
 Sir Darya [seer dar'-ya]: see Jaxartes. 
 Siredon [si-re'-don]: see Axolotl, II. 166,1 c. 
 
 S. Mexicanus and maculatus, 2 c; liche¬ 
 noides, 167,1 a. 
 
 Siren (zoology), XY. 68. S. lacertina, 1 he. 
 Siren, in acoustics: see Lighthouse, X. 458, 
 
 1 a; Sound, XV. 175, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Sirenia, order of mammals, XV. 68. Sire- 
 noids, XI. 88, 2 c. 
 
 Sirens, mythical, XY. 68. 
 
 Sirhind [seer-hind'], region of India, XY. 68. 
 Town, 69, 1 b. 
 
 Sirians , Finnish tribe, VII. 206, 2 c. 
 
 Siricius, pope , enforcement of clerical celibacy 
 by, IY. 171, 2 c. 
 
 Siriemma, Brazilian bird, III. 225, 2 ab. 
 Siriones [se-re-o'-nace], mixed race of Bolivia, 
 
 III. 10, 2 b. 
 
 Sirius : see Dog Star. 
 
 Sirmium, battle of, VII. 730, 1 b. 
 
 Sirmond, Jacques [seer-mo ng ], French scholar, 
 XY. 69. 
 
 Sirocco, a suffocating wind, XY. 69; XVI. 
 658, 2 b; I. 165, 2 a. 
 
 Siroes [sir'-o-eez], king of Persia (eight months), 
 
 IV. 520, 1 be; XIII. 323, 1 ab. 
 
 Sirvente [seer-va ng t], lyric composition, XII. 88, 
 
 2 ab; XIY. 40, 1 be. 
 
 Sisapona Cetobrix, Roman town, I. 340, 2 a. 
 Sisit [se-seet'J, in the Chaldean account of the 
 deluge, Y. 788, 1 a. 
 
 Siskin : see Aberdevine, I. 23, 1 a. 
 
 Siskiwit : see Trout, XVI. 9, 1 b. 
 
 Siskiyou [sis-ke-yoo'; locally, sis'-e-kew], coun¬ 
 ty, XY. 69. 
 
 Sislciyou mountains , XII. 678, 1 ab. 
 
 Sismondi, Jean Charles Leonard Simonde de 
 [sees-mo ng -de], French historian, XY. 69. 
 On political economy, XIII. 671, 2 a. 
 Sisterhoods, Roman Catholic, XY. 70. Of 
 the 5th century and onward, 1 he; Augustin- 
 ian, 2 ab, ff. In England, 2 c ; in France, ib. 
 For the care of the aged and the homeless 
 poor, 71, 1 b; in Great Britain, 1 c; in 
 the United States, ib. For the care of the 
 insane, 2 a.—Protestant, 2 b. In the church 
 of England, ib. Sisters of mercy, ib. Sis¬ 
 terhood of St. John the Baptist, 72, 1 a; its 
 
 branches, ib. Other institutions, 1 ab, ff. 
 In the Protestant Episcopal church of the 
 United States, 1 be. Sisters of the Holy 
 Communion, ib. 
 
 Sisters, the, twin mountains of Celebes, IY. 
 168, 2 c. 
 
 Sisters of charity: see Charity, Sisters of. 
 Sisters of Providence, referred to, XIY. 442, 2 a. 
 Sistine chapel [sis'-teen]: see Vatican, XVI. 
 272, 1 ab, c. 
 
 Sisto'va, town of Bulgaria, XY. 72. 
 
 Sis'yphus, in Greek mythology, XY. 72. 
 Sisymbrium (botany), Y. 477, 1 a. S. offici¬ 
 nale, XII. 106, 2 b. 
 
 Sitala Durga [se'-ta-la door'-ga]: see Chittel- 
 droog. 
 
 Sitka: see Alaska, I. 239, 2 b, 241, 1 c. Sit¬ 
 ka spruce, 2 a. 
 
 Sitoph'ilus (entomology), XYI. 535, 2 c. 
 
 Sitta (ornithology), XII. 540, 2 b. S. Caroli- 
 nensis, 2 c; Canadensis, 541, 1 a; Europasa, 
 
 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Siva [se'-va]: see India, Religions of, IX. 228, 
 
 2 a, be, 229, 1 c, 2 a, c; Juggernaut, 706, 
 
 1 c; Phallic Worship, XIII. 380, 2 be, 381, 
 
 1 c. Wife of, IX. 230, 1 a, 2 b ; sons of, 1 b. 
 Golden temple of, at Benares, II. 514, 2 c. 
 
 Siyas [se-vas'], vilayet of Turkey, XY. 72. 
 Capital, 2 be. 
 
 Sivash: see Siwash (Index). 
 
 Sivatherium, fossil animal, YI. 541, 1 b; XIY. 
 467, 2 a, 468, 2 c. 
 
 Sivertsen, Gort [se'-vert-sen]: see Adelaar. 
 Sivori, Ernesto Camillo [se-vo'-re], Italian vio¬ 
 linist, XY. 72. 
 
 Siwah [se'-w T a], oasis, XY. 73; YI. 455, 1 b. 
 Siward , Earl [se'-ward], VI. 433, 1 be, c, 2 b; 
 
 X. 771, 2 be. 
 
 Siwash [se-vash']: see Azov, II. 175, 1 b, and 
 
 Y. 483, 2 b. 
 
 “ Six articles, statute of: ” see Henry YIII., 
 YIII. 652, 2 c, and Y. 153, 1 c. Adoption 
 opposed by Cranmer, 460, 1 b. Repealed, 
 YI. 438, 1 b. 
 
 Six Nations: see Iroquois, and XII. 353, 2 b. 
 Six Principle Baptists, religious sect, XV. 73. 
 Sixtus, name of five popes, XY. 73. Sixtus 
 IY., 2 ab; on the immaculate conception, 
 IX. 195, 1 c. Sixtus V., XY. 74, 1 b. 
 
 Sizars , in Cambridge university, III. 644, 2 b. 
 Size, or sizing, for paper, XIII. 47, 1 a. Gold 
 size, in gilding, VII. 808, 1 c; oil gold size, 
 2 ab. 
 
 Sjaelland [shel'-land]: see Seeland. 
 
SKAGER 
 
 SLAVERY 
 
 697 
 
 Skager Rack [ska'-glier], strait, XV. 74. 
 
 Skal [skal], kind of mountain, IX. 150, 1 ab. 
 Skald: see Scald (Index). 
 
 Skalzi, the, X. 43, 1 c (Kootenays). 
 
 Skamania, county, XV. 74. 
 
 Skanda, Hindoo deity, IX. 230, 1 be. 
 Skaneateles lake [ska-ne-at'-e-less], (16 m. long), 
 XII. 354, 2 ab; 631, 2 c. 
 
 Skate, XV. 74. “Parlor” skate, 75, 1 a. 
 Skate, fish: see Ray. Smooth, XIV. 222, 
 
 1 be (ill.); common, 2 ab. Skates’ barrows, 
 221, 2 b. 
 
 Skavronski, father of Catharine I., IV. 110, 2 a. 
 Skeat, Walter William, English philologist, 
 XV. 75. 
 
 Skeeling goose, sheldrake so called, XIV. 843, 2 a. 
 Skeleton, XV. 75 (ills., 76). Human, 1 c; 
 skull, ib. : see Brain ; ear. bones, 2 c: see 
 Ear ; trunk, 77, 1 b; hip bones, ib. : see 
 Pelvis; upper extremities, 2 ab; lower, 2 c. 
 Of the lower animals: see Comparative 
 Anatomy. Of leaves : see Leaf. 
 
 Skelp, iron for gun barrels, VII. 356, 2 c. 
 Skelton, John, English poet, XV. 78. 
 Skenesborough (Whitehall), XVI. 605, 2 a. 
 Skerryvore' : see Lighthouse, X. 460, 1 c. 
 Skid'daw, mountain of England, XV. 78. 
 Skimmer, bird, XV. 78. Black, 2 ab (ill.) ; 
 other names, 2 be. 
 
 Skin, XV. 78 (ills., 79). See Epidermis. Ab¬ 
 sorbent powers of : see Absorption. 
 
 Skin, of a boat: see Rowing, XIV. 458, 1 b. 
 Skink, family of lizards, XV. 80. Common, 
 
 2 a (ill.); XI. 749, 1 b. Great galliwasp, 
 XV. 80, 2 ab. Five-lined skink, 2 b. 
 
 Skin mite , VI. 694, 2 be (ill.). 
 
 Skinner, Thomas Harvey, American clergy¬ 
 man, XV. 80. 
 
 Skins, for leather, X. 271, 1 a. Fur, treat¬ 
 ment of, VII. 540, 2 c; for felting, VIII. 
 510, 2 c. 
 
 Skio [ske'-o]: see Scio. 
 
 Skioldebrand [shol'-deh-brand], alleged discov¬ 
 erer of the fennec, VII. 131, 1 b. 
 
 Skipjack, fish: see Bluefish, II. 757, 2 c; 
 Bonito, III. 68, 2 a. 
 
 Skipper, of a fishing vessel, IV. 794, 1 c. 
 Skipper, cheese maggot, VII. 295, 2 a, b (ill.). 
 Skirmishing , military, in America, IX. 269, 
 2 b; in Prussia, 271, 2 ab. 
 
 Skoptzi, Russian sect, XIV. 485, 1 be. 
 Skowhe'gan, county seat, XV. 160, 2 c. 
 Skralinger [skra'-ling-er], Esquimaux, VIII. 
 235, 1 ab. 
 
 Skroellings [skrel'-lings]: see Esquimaux, VI. 
 729, 2 b. 
 
 Skrzynecki, Jan Boncza [skrzhe-nets'-ke], Po¬ 
 lish soldier, XV. 81. 
 
 Skua, bird, XV. 81. Common, 1 be (ill.). 
 Arctic, 1 c. 
 
 Skull : see Comparative Anatomy, and Skel¬ 
 eton. Fossil human skulls, I. 643, 1 ab; 
 VII. 188, 2 c; XI. 395, 2 c. 
 
 Skullcap, plant, XV. 81 (ill.). 
 
 Skunk, animal, XV. 82 (ill.). Fur of the 
 black skunk, VII. 539, 2 c. 
 
 Skunk Cabbage, plant, XV. 82 (ill., 83). 
 Skupshtina [skoop-shte'-na], national assembly 
 of Montenegro, XI. 780, 1 be; of Servia, 
 XIV. 781,1 b. 
 
 Sky, cause of its blue color, II. 83, 2 b; X. 451, 
 
 1 be. Color at great elevations, I. 148, 1 c. 
 Skye, island, Hebrides, XV. 83. Skye terrier, 
 663, 1 a (ill., 662). 
 
 Skylark : see Lark, X. 172,1 b (ill.)* Amer¬ 
 ican, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Sky rocket , XIV. 117, 1 c. 
 
 Sla [sla]: see Sale. 
 
 Slag , of metallic ores, XI. 426, 1 c; of iron, 
 IX. 397, 2 c ; of lead, X. 257,1 ab, ff. 
 Slaghock, archbishop of Lund, IV. 525, 2 c. 
 Slander, in law, XV. 83. 
 
 Slane, for cutting peat, XIII. 218, 2 c (ill., 219). 
 Slants valley, Xapoleon’s first burial place, 
 III. 46, 1 ab. 
 
 Slang, XV. 85. Of the stock exchange, 388, 
 
 1 be. Of the prize ring, XIV. 74, 2 b. 
 Americanisms, 84, 2 ab: see Americanisms. 
 
 Slat, slate, in basket making, II. 365, 2 b. 
 Slate, rock, XV. 87. Slate pencils, 88, 2 b. 
 Hornblende slate, VIII. 821, 1 c. Enamel¬ 
 ling of, VI. 591, 1 be. 
 
 Slater, Samuel, American manufacturer, XV. 
 88; V. 412, 1 c. 
 
 Slavata, Count [sla-va'-ta], Bohemian historian, 
 II. 789, 1 a; XV. 709, 2 c. 
 
 Slave, origin of the word, XV. 94,1 c(Slavery). 
 Slave Coast, Africa, XV. 89. 
 
 Slave kings , dynasty in India, IX. 207, 2 b. 
 Slave river (Mackenzie), X. 791, 1 c. 
 
 Slavery, XV. 89. Ancient, 1 c. In Greece, 
 
 2 ab. Helots, 2 c. Supply of slaves, ib. 
 Number, 90, 1 a. Condition of the manu¬ 
 mitted, 1 b.—Roman slavery, ib. All ranks 
 of war prisoners sold into slavery, 2 be. 
 Multiplication of slaves by conquests, 91, 
 1 a, ft. Effect on the free agricultural pop¬ 
 ulation, ib. Other sources of slaves, 1 c, ff. 
 
698 
 
 SLAVI 
 
 SMALCALD 
 
 Employments of Roman slaves, 92, 1 a. Re¬ 
 lation to the master and treatment by him, 
 
 1 b. Marriage of slaves, 1 be. Punish¬ 
 ments, 1 c. Manumission, ib. ; republican 
 period favorable to it, 2 ab; also the Chris¬ 
 tian emperors, 2 b. Number of Roman 
 slaves, 2 be. Prices, 2 c. Servile insurrec¬ 
 tions, 93,1 a.—Slave trade of antiquity, 1 c; 
 Roman, 2 b; fed by wars, 94, 1 ab. Esti¬ 
 mation of the slave trader, 1 b. Influence of 
 slavery on the decline of Rome, ib.— Slavery 
 in the middle ages, 1 c. Enslavement of 
 prisoners in Moslem and Christian wars, 94, 
 
 2 a, ff.—Negro slavery, 95, 1 c. Since the 
 discovery of America, 96, 1 ab. Prevalence 
 of it in America, 2 b. Ineffectual remon¬ 
 strances of the colonies, ib. How regarded 
 in England, 2 be; decision of Lord Mans¬ 
 field, 97, 1 a; of Chief Justice Holt, 1 b. 
 Slave trade abolished, 2 a. Emancipation 
 movement, ib. Apprenticeship system, 2 c; 
 abolition of, ib. Slavery in France, 98, 1 a. 
 The slave trade abolished by various coun¬ 
 tries, 1 ab; by the United States, 1 b; de¬ 
 clared piracy by the United States and Eng¬ 
 land, ib. Slavery in Spanish America, 1 c. 
 Estimated number of Africans enslaved, 2 b ; 
 imported into British colonies, now the Uni- 
 
 . ted States, 2 c ; census of, ib. General aver¬ 
 sion to slavery, and action of the several 
 states, 99, 1 a, ff. Opposition to slavery by 
 eminent statesmen from the first, 2 a. As¬ 
 sociations for its abolition, 2 b, ff. Missouri 
 controversy, 2 c; references, ib. American 
 anti-slavery society, 100, 1 a. Liberty party 
 and free-soil party, 1 c. American abolition 
 society, and church anti-slavery society, 2 ab. 
 Effect of secession on the relations of slavery 
 to the government, 2 b, ff. Emancipation 
 proclamation, 101, 2 be. Slavery prohibited 
 in U. S. territories, 102, 1 a. Laws for ren¬ 
 dition of fugitive slaves repealed, ib. Con¬ 
 stitutional amendment prohibiting slavery in 
 the United States, 1 ab; forbidding compen¬ 
 sation for slaves, 1 b. Condition of the 
 slave, 1 c. Colonization of emancipated 
 slaves, 2 c. See Colonization Society. 
 
 Siam : see Slavic Race and Languages. 
 
 Slavic Race and Languages, XV. 103. Pan- 
 slavic movement, 2 b. Old or Church Sla¬ 
 vic, 104, 1 a; XIY. 783, 2 be. Living Sla¬ 
 vic languages, XV. 104, 1 be. Religion of 
 the ancient Slavs, 2 a. 
 
 Slavo- Germanic race , YI. 759, 2 b. 
 
 Slavo-Lettic race, X. 374, 1 a. 
 
 Slavonia, Austro-Hungarian province, XY.104. 
 
 Slavs : see Slavic Race and Languages, and 
 Russia, XIY. 488, 2 b. 
 
 Sledge , hammer, VIII. 426, 1 c. 
 
 Sleep, XY. 105. Condition of the system in 
 natural sleep, 2 ab. Necessity of, IX. 131, 2 b. 
 
 Sleeper, of a railroad, XIY. 170, 2 a; 179, 1 c. 
 
 Sleeping idol , of Bangkok, II. 270, 1 c. 
 
 Sleidan, Johann [sll'-dan], German author, 
 XY. 105. 
 
 Sleight of hand, IX. 707, 1 c. 
 
 Sleswich: see Schleswig. 
 
 Sleuth hound, II. 737, 1 b. 
 
 “ Slickensidesf in lead mines, X. 250, 2 b. 
 
 Slidell', Alexander: see Mackenzie, X. 789,2 be. 
 
 Slidell, John, American politician, XY. 105. 
 Confederate commissioner to France, 106, 
 
 1 ab. 
 
 Slide rest, of a lathe, XYI. 73, 2 be. 
 
 Sligo, county of Ireland, XY. 106. Capital, 1 c. 
 
 Slimes, of silver ore, XY. 52, 1 b. 
 
 Slingsby, Philip , pseudonyme, XYI. 644, 1 c. 
 
 Slip, potters’ material, XIII. 786, 2 be; 788, 2 c. 
 
 Sliver, of cotton, Y. 413, 2 c. 
 
 Sloane, Sir Hans, British naturalist, XY. 106. 
 His bequest to the British nation, 2 b ; III. 
 297, 2 a. 
 
 Sloe, tree, XY. 106 (ill., 107); XIII. 620, 2 ab. 
 
 Sloop, XIY. 855,2 ab. Sloop of war, XII. 188,2 b. 
 
 Sloth, animal, XY. 107. Three-toed, 2 c (ill., 
 108). Unau, or two-toed, 108, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Sloth bear, II. 419, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Slough [sluf], in gangrene, VII. 612, 1 b. 
 
 Sloughing phagedoena [faj-e-de'-na], hospital 
 gangrene, VII. 612, 2 b. 
 
 Sloughter [slow'-ter], governor of New York, 
 X. 330, 2 c (Leisler) ; XIII. 371, 2 be. 
 
 Slov'aks, Slavic people, XY. 108. 
 
 Slovens : see "Winds. 
 
 Sloventzi: see Winds. Language, XIV. 783,1 b. 
 
 Slow lemur, lori so called, X. 641, 2 b. 
 
 Slubbing, of wool, XYI. 718, 2 c. Slubbing 
 billy, ib. 
 
 Sludge, in petroleum refining, XIII. 372, 2 a. 
 
 Slug, mollusk, XY. 108 (ill., 109). Common 
 slug of New England, 2 c; common Euro¬ 
 pean, 109, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Slug Worm, larva, XV. 109. 
 
 Sluice, in gold washing, VIII. 83, 1 a, 2 a. 
 
 Slums, of silver ore, XV. 52, 1 b. 
 
 Sly goose, sheldrake so called, XIY. 843, 2 a. 
 
 Smalcald, town of Prussia, XV. 109. Smal- 
 caldleague, 2 a; IY.295, 2 c, 296, 1 b; XIII. 
 
SMALL 
 
 SMITH 
 
 699 
 
 416, 1 be. Articles of Sraalcald, XY. 109, 
 2 b; X. 728, 2 ab. 
 
 Small broom , parasitic weed, IY. 714, 2 be. 
 
 Small'pox, XY. 109. First appearance of, 
 2 b; first mention of, 2 be, I. 4, 1 c. Phe¬ 
 nomena of, XY. 109, 2 c, ff. Discrete 
 smallpox, 110, 1 be; confluent, 1 c, 2 c. 
 After effects of the disease, 2 ab. Compli¬ 
 cations, 2 b. Rate of mortality, 2 c. Inocu¬ 
 lation, ib. ; introduction of, 111, 1 a. Treat¬ 
 ment, ib. 
 
 Smalt [smawlt], a pigment, IY. 76G, 2 b. 
 
 Smar'agd: see Emerald. 
 
 Smart, Christopher, English author, XY. 111. 
 
 Smartweed : see Polygonum, XIII. 689, 1 a. 
 
 Smeaton, John, English civil engineer, XY. 
 Ill; X. 460,1 a. 
 
 Smectymnuus : see Milton, XI. 562,1 ab. Re¬ 
 ferred to, III. 566, 1 a. 
 
 Smcds battery , in galvanism, YII. 589, 2 a. 
 
 Smell, XY. 111. Organ of, 2 b. Exciting 
 causes of, 2 be. Acuteness of in some ani¬ 
 mals, 112, 1 a. Influence of habit, 1 ab. 
 
 Smelt, fish, XY. 112. Common American, 1 be 
 (ill.). European, 1 c. Sand smelt, 57, 2 be. 
 
 Smelting : see Copper Smelting ; Iron Man¬ 
 ufacture, IX. 390, 2 a, ff.; Lead, X. 256, 
 1 ab, ff. ; Metallurgy, XI. 424, 2 c, ff.; 
 Silver, XY. 50, 2 ab. 
 
 Smerdis , brother of Cambyses, put to death, 
 III. 647, 1 a. Personated by Gomates, 1 b. 
 See Persia, XIII. 322, 1 a. 
 
 Smet, Peter John de, American missionary, 
 XY. 112. 
 
 Smethport , county seat, X. 789, 1 a. 
 
 Smew, bird, XY. 112 (ill., 113). Called white 
 nun, 2 c. See XI. 406, 2 c. 
 
 Smibert, John, Scottish painter, XY. 113. 
 
 Smilaci'na (botany), XV. 158, 2 ab. 
 
 Smilacine [smi'-la-sin], XIV. 635, 2 b. 
 
 Smilax, genus of plants, XV. 113. S. rotundi- 
 folia, 1 c (ill.); pseudo-China, 2 ab; herba- 
 cea, 2 c; China, 114, 1 a. Another plant 
 so called, 1 b (ill.).—S. officinalis, XIY. 635, 
 1 c ; medica and papyracea, 2 a; syphilitica, 
 ib., and III. 224, 2 b. 
 
 Smiles, Samuel, British author, XY. 114. 
 
 Smirke, SirRobert, English architect, XY. 114 ; 
 III. 298,1 a. Sydney, XV. 114, 2 b (d. 1877). 
 
 Smith, four counties, XV. 114. 
 
 Smith, Adam, Scottish philosopher, XY. 115. 
 On political economy, XIII. 668, 2 be. See 
 Philosophy, 430, 1 a; Moral Philosophy, 
 XI. 807, 1 c, 812, 1 c. 
 
 Smith, Albert, English author, XY. 115. 
 
 Smith, Alexander, Scottish poet, XV. 116. 
 Smith, Eli, American missionary, XY. 116. 
 Smith , Father: see Gallitzin, VII. 582, 2 ab, 
 583, 1 a. 
 
 Smith, George, English oriental scholar, XV. 
 116. (Died 1876.) Cuneiform inscriptions 
 deciphered by him, 2 a; Y. 576, 2 a. Chal¬ 
 dean account of the deluge, Y. 787,1 c, ff. 
 Smith, Gerrit, American philanthropist, XY. 
 116. 
 
 Smith, Gold win, English author, XY. 117. 
 Smith, Henry Boynton, American clergyman 
 and educator, XV. 117. (Died 1877.) 
 
 Smith, James, a signer of the Declaration of 
 Independence, XY. 117. 
 
 Smith, James and Horace, English authors, 
 XY. 118. “Rejected Addresses,” 1 b. 
 Smith, Sir James Edward, English botanist, 
 XY. 118. 
 
 Smith, John, founder of Virginia, XY. 118. 
 See Pocahontas, and Isles of Shoals, IX. 
 429, 1 be, c. Referred to, XYI. 150, 2 ab. 
 Smith, John Augustine, American physician, 
 XY. 119. 
 
 Smith, John Lawrence, American chemist, XY. 
 
 119. See Emery, VI. 570, 1 c, 571, 1 ab. 
 Smith, John Pye, English clergyman, XY. 120. 
 Smith, Joseph, founder of the Mormon church, 
 
 XY. 120 ; XI. 831, 2 c, 833, 2 b ; YII. 42, 1 b. 
 Ilyrum, XY. 120, 2 a; XI. 836, 1 a, ab. 
 Smith, Joseph Mather, American physician, 
 XY. 120. 
 
 Smith, Robert Payne, English orientalist, XY. 
 
 120 . 
 
 Smith, Samuel Stanhope, American clergyman, 
 XY. 121. 
 
 Smith, Seba, American author, XY. 121. Eliza¬ 
 beth Oakes (Prince), authoress, 1 be. 
 
 Smith, Sydney, English author, XV. 121. One 
 of the founders of the “Edinburgh Review,” 
 2 ab. Efforts for Catholic emancipation, 
 2 b; “Peter Plymley’s Letters,” ib. In¬ 
 vestment in Pennsylvania stocks, 2 c; neg¬ 
 lect of the state to pay interest on her bonds, 
 ib. ; his “Petition to Congress,” and “Let¬ 
 ters on American Debts,” ib. 
 
 Smith, Thomas Southvvood, English physician, 
 XV. 122. 
 
 Smith, William, English geologist, XY. 122 ; 
 YII. 689, 2 ab. 
 
 Smith, William, English scholar, XY. 122. 
 Smith, William Andrew, American clergyman, 
 XY. 122. 
 
TOO 
 
 SMITH 
 
 SNOWDROP 
 
 Smith, Sir William Sidney, English admiral, 
 XY. 123. 
 
 Smith Centre , county seat, XV. 115, 1 b. 
 Smithfield , county seats, IX. 428, 2 b ; 669, 2 c. 
 Smithfield Martyrs 1 memorial church , London, 
 X. 598, 2 c. 
 
 Smithing : see Saw, XIV. 651, 2 a. 
 
 Smithland , county seat, X. 545, 1 b. 
 
 Smithson, James, English physicist, founder 
 of the Smithsonian institution, XV. 123. 
 Smithsonian Institution, scientific establish¬ 
 ment at Washington, XV. 123 (ill., 124). 
 Smithsonite , mineral, III. 564, 2 b; XVI. 820, 
 
 1 b. 
 
 Smithville , county seats, III. 361, 2c; V. 765, 
 
 2 c; X. 230, 1 c. 
 
 Smoke Tree : see Sumach, XV. 462, 1 be (ill.)* 
 Smoky City , sobriquet, XIII. 554, 2 c. 
 
 Smoky Hill river (about 400 m. long), IX. 747, 
 
 2 be. 
 
 Smolensk', government of Russia, XV. 125. 
 
 Capital city, 126,1 a. Prince of, X. 66, 1 be. 
 Smollett, Tobias George, British author, XV. 
 126. 
 
 Smolt , young salmon, XIV. 568, 2 a. 
 Smooth-bore gun , causes of deviation in a ball 
 projected from it, XIV. 327, 2 b. 
 
 Smooth hound , fish, VI. 183, 2 c. 
 
 Smut , fungus, VII. 531, 1 be, 532, 2 b; XI. 
 
 45, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Smybert: see Smibert. 
 
 Smyrna, town of Asiatic Turkey, XV. 127 (ilk). 
 Smyrna nuts , VIII. 555, 1 b. 
 
 Smyth, county, XV. 128. 
 
 Smyth, Thomas, American clergyman, XV. 128. 
 Smyth, William Henry, British naval officer, 
 XV. 128. Charles Piazzi, astronomer royal 
 for Scotland, 2 b. Theory of the great pyra¬ 
 mid, and of the astronomical knowledge of 
 the Egyptians, II. 43, 2 b; XIV. 104, 2 a. 
 Snags , of the deer, V. 756, 2 b. 
 
 Snag tree , II. 679, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Snail, XV. 128. Desert snail of Egypt, 129, 
 1 b. Roman or vineyard, id. Common gar¬ 
 den snail, 1 c. American, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Snake : see Serpent. 
 
 Snake Bird: see Darter, V. 692, 1 c, anc 
 Wryneck, bird. 
 
 Snakehead , plant, XV. 131, 1 be. 
 
 Snake heads , in railroad tracks, XIV. 173,1 ab. 
 Snake River, XV. 129; IX. 166, 2 be, 167, 
 1 a, 2 c. 
 
 Snakeroot, plant, XV. 130. Seneca, 1 a (ill.); 
 of the shops, 1 c; Virginia, 2 a, c (ill.): see 
 
 Guaco; Dutchman’s pipe, 2 b; Canada (wild, 
 or Indian ginger), 2 c (ill.) ; black, 131,1 ab ; 
 button, ib. ; white, 1 c. Snakehead, ib. 
 Snakes, Indians : see Shoshones. 
 
 Snaphaunce , gun lock, XII. 100, 2 b (ill., 98). 
 Snapper , fish, VIII. 368, 1 b. 
 
 Snapping Turtle, XV. 131 (ill.). Name mis¬ 
 applied, 2 c. 
 
 Snath , of a scythe, XIV. 725, 2 ab. 
 
 Sneedsville , county seat, VIII. 434, 1 c. 
 Sneeuwbergen [sna'-uv-bair-ghen], mountains, 
 III. 743, 1 c. 
 
 Sneezewort: see Yarrow, plant. 
 
 Sneezing, XV. 131. 
 
 Snell, Willebrord, Dutch mathematician, XV. 
 
 132. “ Snell’s law,” XII. 658, 1 a (Optics) ; 
 X. 438, 2 b, c. 
 
 Snelling, Josiah, American soldier, XV. 132. 
 Snethen, Nicholas [sne'-^en], American cler¬ 
 gyman, XV. 132. 
 
 Sneyders [sni'-derce] : see Snyders. 
 
 Snipe, group of wading birds, XV. 132. Gray 
 or red-breasted, 2 c; American or Wilson’s, 
 
 133, 1 b (ill.) ; great or double, 2 a; common 
 European, 2 ab (ill.) ; Cape snipe, 2 b. Ash- 
 colored, red-breasted, &c. : see Knot. 
 
 Snoho'mish, county, XV. 133. 
 
 Snohomish City , county seat, XV. 133, 2 c. 
 Snorra Edda , VI. 399, 2 be. 
 
 Snorre Sturluson : see Snorri Sturlason. 
 Snorri Sturlason, Icelandic historian, XV. 
 
 133. Edda of, VI. 399, 2 be. 
 
 Snow, XV. 134. Condition of its formation, 
 
 1 c. Snow flakes, 2 be (ills.). Amount of 
 snowfall, 135, 1 ab. Geographical distribu¬ 
 tion, 1 c. Limit of perpetual snow, 2a; II. 
 83, 2 a. Non-conductor of heat, XV. 135, 
 
 2 ab. Tinged snow, causes of, 2c: see Al- 
 gjs, I. 299, 1 b; Blood Rain, II. 738, 2 b. 
 
 Snowball, plant : see Guelder Rose, VIII. 
 296, 1 a. 
 
 Snowball , fungus, XII. 71, 2 b (Mushroom). 
 Snowberry, shrub, XV. 136 (ill.). Wolfberry, 
 2 a. Indian currant or coralberry, 2 ab. 
 Snow Bird, XV. 136. Common, 2 ab (ill.); 
 
 VII. 190, 2 ab, b. 
 
 Snow Bunting : see Bunting. 
 
 Snowdon mountains , Wales, IV. 7,1 ab; XVI. 
 425, 2 c. Snowdon or Moel-y-Wyddfa, 
 peak, ib. 
 
 Snowdrop, flower, XV. 137. Common, 1 be 
 (ill.). Crimean, 1 c. 
 
 Snowdrop Tree, XV. 137. Four-winged, 2 a 
 (ill.) ; two-winged, 2 ab. 
 
SNOWFLAKE 
 
 SOHN 
 
 701 
 
 Snowflake, flower, XV. 137. Spring, 2 c (ill., 
 138); summer, 138, 1 b; autumnal, ib. See 
 Hyacinth. 
 
 Snow I/ilC, county seats, VIII. 227, 2 b; XVI. 
 724, 2 c. 
 
 Snow white , a paint, XVI. 826, 1 b. 
 
 Snuff : see Tobacco, XV. 783, 1 c. 
 
 Snuff bean, XV. 796, 1 c. 
 
 Snyder, county, XV. 138. 
 
 Snyders, Francis, Flemish painter, XV. 138. 
 
 Snyers: see Snyders. 
 
 So, of the Bible: see Egypt, VI. 463, 1 a, and 
 749, 2 b. 
 
 SoaJcs, in tanning, X. 273, 2 a. 
 
 Soane, Sir John (1753-1837, professor of archi¬ 
 tecture), museum of (presented by him to 
 the nation), X. 605, 2 c. 
 
 Soap, XV. 138. 
 
 Soap bubble, VI. 490, 2 c. 
 
 Soapstone : see Talc. 
 
 Soap tree, XV. 138, 2 a. Soapwort, ib. 
 
 Sobat', tributary of the Nile, XII. 449, 1 b. 
 
 Sobieski [so-byes'-ke]: see John III. Sobieski, 
 and IX. 823, 1 c. 
 
 Sobraon, battle of, VIII. 128, 2 a; XV. 37, 1 c. 
 
 Soe'age, a tenure of land, XV. 655, 1 be; in 
 England, V. 150, 1 a. Abolition of in Aus¬ 
 tria, II. 147, 1 c. 
 
 Socialdemolcraten [zo-tse-al'-da-mo-kra'-ten], 
 German political party, XV. 143, 1 a. 
 
 Socialism, doctrine of social reorganization, 
 XV. 139. In ancient times, 2 b. In the mid¬ 
 dle ages, 2 c. In modern times, 140, 1 ab; 
 in the United States, 2 a; France, ib., 2 b; 
 England, 142, 1 b; Germany, 2 be. See 
 International Association. 
 
 Social science, definition of, XIII. 663, 2 c. 
 
 Social war, in Roman history, XI. 173, 2 b; 
 XIV. 407, 1 b. 
 
 Societe Jacclimatation [so-se-a-ta da-kle-ma- 
 ta-se-o ng ], in Paris, I. 59, 2 c. 
 
 Societies, Literary and Scientific, XV. 143. 
 
 Society, in Congregational polity, V. 243, 1 a. 
 
 Society of Brothers: see Swift, XV. 521, 2 a. 
 
 “ Society for Equitable Assurance, ” England, 
 X. 425, 1 c. 
 
 Society Islands, S. Pacific, XV. 144. 
 
 Society of Jesus: see Jesuits, and XI. 731, 1 a. 
 
 Socii formati, of the Jesuits, IX. 627, 1 b. 
 
 Socinian: see Socinus, XV. 146, 1 ab. 
 
 Soci'nus, Laslius, Italian theologian, XV. 145. 
 Faustus, 2 b; XVI. 114, 2 ab. 
 
 Sociology, science of social organization, XV. 
 146. 
 
 Socorro, county, XV. 147. 
 
 Socorro, county seat, XV. 147, 1 c. 
 
 Soo'otra, island, Indian ocean, XV. 147. 
 
 Socrates [sok'-ra-teez], Greek philosopher, XV. 
 147. Philosophy of, XIII. 429, 2 c ; 432, 2 c ; 
 434, 1 a; 437, 2 b; 601, 2 b. See Moral 
 Philosophy, XI. 808, 2 a, ab, c. The hem¬ 
 lock he drank proved to be that of the pres¬ 
 ent day, II. 531, 1 b. 
 
 Soda, XV. 149. Caustic soda, 2 b. Normal 
 carbonate, 150, 1 a. Commercial carbonate, 
 2 be; uses of, 2 c. Bicarbonate, 152, 2 a; 
 biphosphate, 153,1 a; hyposulphite, 150, 2 ab, 
 152, 1 a; muriate, XIV. 571, 1 a; nitrate, 
 XII. 462, 2 c; phosphate, XV. 152, 2 c; 
 sulphate: see Glauber’s Salt. Decompo¬ 
 sition of, VII. 597, 1 be. 
 
 Soda card, in faro, VII. 89, 2 a. 
 
 Sodality, religious guild, VIII. 308, 1 a. 
 
 Soda Powders : see Effervescence, VI. 448,1 c. 
 
 Soda Water : see Mineral Waters, XI. 596, 
 1 b, 597, 1 b; III. 774, 2 a. 
 
 Sodermanland, province of Sweden, XV. 151. 
 
 Sodic bromide, XV. 151, 2 be. Sodic carbo¬ 
 nate, 150, 1 a, 2 be; acid sodic carbonate, 
 152, 2 ab. Sodic chloride, XIV. 571, 1 a 
 (Salt); iodide, XV. 151, 2 be; nitrate, XII. 
 462, 2 c. Sodic-potassic tartrate: see Ro¬ 
 chelle Salt. Sodic sulphate: see Glau¬ 
 ber’s Salt. 
 
 Sodium, alkali metal, XV. 151. Salts, 2 be. 
 Silicate of, 153, 1 a; 139, 1 b. General 
 characteristics of sodium salts, 153, 1 ab. 
 Sodium valerianate, XVI. 246, 1 be. 
 
 Sod'om, in Biblical history, XV. 153. See 
 Dead Sea, V. 725, 2 be, 727, 1 c. 
 
 Sodoma, II : see Razzi. 
 
 Soest [zost], town of Prussia, XV. 153. 
 
 Sceurs fideles de la sagesse [suhr fe-dail duh la 
 sa-zhess], religious order, III. 254, 1 c. 
 
 Sofala [so-fa'-Ia], country of Africa, XV. 153. 
 Town, 2 b. 
 
 Soffar, Persian adventurer, XIII. 323, 1 b. 
 
 Soffarides, Persian dynasty, XIII. 323, 1 b. 
 
 Soffet, Tyrian magistrate, XIII. 454, 2 a. 
 
 Soffioni, vapor vents, III. 96, 2 b ; IX. 444, 1 c. 
 
 Soffit, in architecture, I. 657, 1 b. 
 
 Sofia [so-fe'-a]: see Tzarskoye Selo. 
 
 Softening of the brain, III. 198, 2 c; 202, 1 ab. 
 
 Sogdiana, in ancient geography, XV. 153 ; II. 
 799, 2 a. 
 
 Sohar, town of Oman, XV. 153. 
 
 Sohl [zole]: see Z6 lyom. 
 
 Sohn, Karl Ferdinand [zone], German painter, 
 
702 
 
 SOHO 
 
 SOLOMON" 
 
 XV. 154. Paul Eduard Richard, painter, , 
 1 ab. Wilhelm, painter, ib. 
 
 Soho square , London, X. 596, 2 a. 
 
 Soil: see Agricultural Chemistry, I. 195, 
 
 1 a, ff. Analysis of soils, 197, 1 c. 
 
 Soissons [swa-so ng ], town of France, XV. 154. 
 
 Soja hispida (botany), XV. 202, 2 c. 
 
 SohoJcis , Abenaqui Indians, I. 19, 2 c. 
 
 Soicolski , archimandrite, III. 423, 1 a. 
 
 Sokoto : see Sackatoo. 
 
 Sol : see Helios. 
 
 Sol [sole], in music, VII. 548, 2 a ; XII. 82, 2 b. 
 
 Solage , count de [suh-lazh], prisoner in the 
 Bastile, II. 376, 1 c. 
 
 Solana'cece (botany), XIII. 764, 1 b. 
 
 So'lander, Daniel Charles, Swedish naturalist, 
 XV. 154; II. 285, 2 c. 
 
 Solan Goose : see Gannet. 
 
 Solania , alkaloid, referred to, VI. 304, 2 b; 
 XII. 445, 2 a. 
 
 Solanine [sol'-a-nin], alkaloid, XIII. 765, 1 b; 
 XII. 445, 2 a. 
 
 Solano [so-la'-no], county, XV. 154. 
 
 Solano , a wind, VIII. 148, 1 c; XV. 205, 1 ab. 
 
 Sola'num, genus of plants, XV. 154; XIII. 
 764, 1 b. S. iEthiopicum, VI. 452, 1 ab; 
 capsicastrum, IX. 622, 2 c; Carolinense, 
 XV. 155, 1 a; crinitum, 2 c; dulcamara, 
 
 1 b (ill.), VI. 304, 2 b; hybridum-compac- 
 tum, IX. 623, 1 a (ilk); jasminoides, XV. 
 155, 2 c; lycopersicum, 791, 2 ab; macran- 
 thum and marginatum, 155, 2 c; melongela, 
 VI. 451, 2 b; nigrum, XII. 445, 1 b (ill.); 
 ovigerum, VI. 452, 1 a; pseudo-capsicum, 
 IX. 622, 2 ab; tuberosum, XIII. 764, 1 b; 
 Warscewiczii, XV. 155, 2 c (ilk). 
 
 Solar cycle , III. 579, 2 b. 
 
 Solar lamps, X. 129, 2 c. 
 
 Solar spectrum : see Spectrum, and Light, X. 
 440, 1 ab (ilk). 
 
 Solar spots, cycle o f, XI. 11,2a. See Sun (Index). 
 
 Solar System : see Planet, and Sun. Its 
 supposed centre of motion, I. 267, 1 be 
 (Alcyone). 
 
 Solar Time : see Day. Solar year and day | 
 and lunar month, natural relation of: see 
 Calippus. 
 
 Solar way, apex of the : see Star, XV. 312, 1 c. 
 
 Solder, a metallic cement, XV. 156. Soft, 
 
 1 ab, 667, 1 a; coarse, X. 263, 2 a; com¬ 
 mon, ib. ; fine, ib. ; hard, I. 336, 1 b. See 
 Brazing. 
 
 Soldering, principle of, I. 336, 1 b; with va¬ 
 rious metals, ib. 
 
 Soldering fluid, in electrotyping, VII. 601, 2 c. 
 
 Soldering iron , XV. 156, 1 c. 
 
 Soldier ant, I. 540, 1 b. 
 
 Soldier bug, spined, XIII. 769, 2 c. 
 
 Sole, fish, XV. 156. Common, 2 ab (ilk);' 
 New York, 2 c. 
 
 So'lea (ichthyology), XV. 156, 2 a. S. vulga¬ 
 ris, 2 ab (ilk). 
 
 Soleil [suli-lay’], (Jean Baptiste Francois, 1798- 
 1878, optical instrument maker of Paris), 
 suggestion of a normal unit of measurement 
 by, II. 588, 2 a. Saccharimeter of, XV. 442, 
 
 2 b, c (ilk). 
 
 Soleinnes [sub-lain], bibliomaniac, II. 622, 1 c. 
 
 Sole leather, X. 271, 1 a, ab; 273, 1 be. Sole 
 leather roller, 275, 2 a. 
 
 “ Solemn League and Covenant XIII. 810, 
 
 2 a; XVI. 260, 1 c. 
 
 Solen (conchology), XIV. 225, 2 a. S. ensis, 
 2 b (ilk); siliqua and curtus, 2 be. 
 
 Solera [so-la'-ra], stock wine, XV. 224, 1 c. 
 
 Soleure [so-lilhr]: see Solothurn. 
 
 Solfatara [sole-fa-ta'-ra], sulphur-yielding fis¬ 
 sure, XV. 456, 1 a. 
 
 Solferino [sole-fa-re'-no], Italy, battle of, X\ . 
 157. 
 
 Solferino, color, VI. 343, 1 a. 
 
 Solger, Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand [zole'-gher], 
 German author, XV. 157. 
 
 Solicitor, X. 237, 1 a, be, 2 a (Lawyer). 
 
 Solid of least resistance, IX. 123, 1 b. 
 
 Solida'go (botany), VIII. 90,1 a. S. virgaurea, 
 
 1 ab; thyrsoidea, 1 c; odora, 2 a; bicolor, 
 ib. ; Canadensis, ib. (ilk); and other species. 
 
 Solidungula (zoology), VIII. 824, 2 be; 738, 
 
 2 c (solidungulate). 
 
 Soliman : see Solyman. 
 
 Solimo'ens (Port. Solimoes, so-le-moi ng s'), part 
 of the Amazon, I. 380, 2 a. 
 
 Solingen [zo'-ling-en], town, Prussia, XV. 157. 
 
 Solipeds, XVI. 110, 2 c (Unguiculata). 
 
 Solis, Antonio de [so-leece'], Spanish historian, 
 XV. 157. 
 
 Solis, Juan Diaz de, navigator, XV. 157. 
 
 | Solitaire, bird, VI. 176, 2 c. 
 
 Sollicitudo omnium Ecclesiarum, papal consti¬ 
 tution, IX. 195, 2 b. 
 
 Solly, Samuel, English surgeon, XV. 157. 
 
 Solmization, in singing, XV. 157. See Are- 
 tino, Guido, and Music, XII. 76, 1 be. 
 
 Solms, Marie de, princess [Fr. sulm; Ger. 
 zolmss], XIV. 214, 1 c (Rattazzi). 
 
 Solomon: see Hebrews, VIII. 586, 2 c. His 
 navy, XIV. 239, 2 b. 
 
SOLOMON 
 
 SOOCHOW 
 
 703 
 
 Solomon , pools of,\ IX. 615, 2 a. 
 
 Solomon, Song of: see Canticles. 
 
 Solomon, Wisdom of: see Wisdom, Book of. 
 Solomon ben Gabirol, Jewish philosopher and 
 poet, XV. 157. 
 
 Solomon ben Isaac, rabbi, XV. 157. 
 
 Solomon Islands, S. Pacific, XV. 158. 
 Solomon’s Seal, plant, XV. 158 (ill.). False 
 Solomon’s seal, 2 ab. 
 
 Solon, Athenian lawgiver, XV. 158; II. 55, 
 
 1 b. His constitution, 1 be; V. 6, 1 a. 
 SoLorauRN [zo'-lo-toorn], Swiss canton, XV. 
 
 159. Capital, 1 b. 
 
 Solstice (astronomy), XV. 159; XIV. 741, 2 c. 
 Solstitial colure: see Solstice. Solstitial 
 points, ib. 
 
 Soltikoff,\ Count Nicholas , I. 280, 2 c. (Count 
 Sergius), IV. Ill, 1 c. 
 
 Solubility: see Water, XVI. 495, 2 a, ff. 
 Soluble Glass : see Glass, Soluble. 
 
 Solution: see Water, XVT. 495, 2 a, ff. 
 Solway Fritii, XV. 159. 
 
 Sol y luna [sole e loo'-na], bird, V. 86, 2 c. 
 Sol'yman II., the Magnificent, Ottoman sultan, 
 XV. 159. See Zrinyi. 
 
 Soma , in Hindoo mythology, IX. 224, 2 a, c; 
 
 225, 1 be, c. 
 
 Somal: see Somauli. 
 
 Somateria mollissima (ornithology), VI. 481, 
 
 2 a (ill.). S. spectabilis, 482, 1 c (ill.). 
 Somauli, African tribes, XV. 160. 
 
 Sombrero [some-bra'-ro], discoverer of nitro¬ 
 glycerine, VII. 36, 2 a. 
 
 Somers , Sir George [sunT-erz], admiral of Vir¬ 
 ginia, XVI. 382, 1 a, ab. 
 
 Somers, John, lord, English statesman, XV. 
 
 160. “Somers Tracts,” 2 ab. 
 
 Somerset, four counties, XV. 160. 
 
 Somerset , county seats, XIII. 311, 2 a; XIV. 
 
 78, 1 b; XV. 161, 1 b. 
 
 Somerset, Edward Seymour, duke of (Pro¬ 
 tector Somerset): see Seymour, and Ed¬ 
 ward VI. 
 
 Somerset , Fitzroy, Lord : see Raglan. 
 
 Somerset , John de Beaufort , earl of IX. 655,1 be. 
 Somerset, Robert Carr, earl of: see Overbury, 
 Sir Thomas. 
 
 Somerset house , London, X. 611, 1 a. 
 
 Somerset river , Africa, XII. 547, 2 a, c. 
 Somersetshire, county of England, XV. 161. 
 Somers Islands : see Bermudas. 
 
 Somers worth, town, New Hampshire, XV. 161. 
 Somerville, county, XV. 161. 
 
 Somerville, city of Massachusetts, XV. 161. 
 
 Somerville , county seats, VII. 101, 2 b; XI. 
 
 827, 1 a; XV. 161, 1 a. 
 
 Somerville, Mary, British physicist, XV. 162. 
 Somerville, William, English poet, XV. 162. 
 Sommaire philosophique [sum-mair fe-luh-suh- 
 feek], treatise on alchemy, VII. 256, 1 a. 
 Somme [sum], department of France, XV. 162. 
 Sommering, branch of the Alps: see Semmering. 
 Sommering, Samuel Thomas von, German phy¬ 
 siologist, XV. 162. 
 
 Sommering ’s steel disk , for the microscope, XI. 
 520, 2 b. 
 
 Somnambulism, XV. 162; III. 195, 1 c. Sim¬ 
 ple, 2 c ; morbid, ib. ; double existence, 163, 
 
 1 ab. 
 
 Somnath Pattan: see Somnauth. 
 
 Somnauth [som-nawt'], town of India, XV. 163. 
 Somogy [sho'-mody’], county of Hungary, XV. 
 163. 
 
 Somorrostro , iron mine of, II. 662, 1 c. 
 
 Sonata [so-na'-ta], musical composition, XV. 
 163; XII. 91, 1 b. 
 
 Sonchus [son'-kus], (botany), XV. 713, 2 ab. 
 Soncino [son-che'-no], (town 20 m. N. N. W. 
 of Cremona), Hebrew Bible printed at, II. 
 610, 2 b. Battle near, VII. 50, 2 a. 
 Sonderbund [zun'-der-boont]: see Switzerland, 
 XV. 532, 1 c; Jesuits, IX. 633, 2 b. 
 Sonderburg , castle of prison of Christian II., 
 IV. 526, 2 b. District of, I. 357, 2 ab (Alsen). 
 Sondershausen : see Schwarzburg-Sonders- 
 hausen. 
 
 Sondhaus' , s machine: see Sound, XV. 183, 
 
 2 ab (ill.). 
 
 Son'drio, province of Italy, XV. 163. 
 
 Sone, river of India, XV. 163. 
 
 Song of Songs : see Canticles. 
 
 Sonneberg [zun'-neh-bairg], town of Germany, 
 XV. 164. 
 
 SonneraVs wild cock or jungle fowl [sun-nuh- 
 raz], IV. 781, 1 a (ill.). (Pierre Sonnerat, 
 1749-1814, French traveller and naturalist.) 
 Sonnet, form of poem, XV. 164. 
 
 Sonnini de Manoncourt, Charles Nicolas Si- 
 gisbert [sun-ne-ne duh ma-no ng -koor], French 
 naturalist, XV. 164. 
 
 Sono'ma, county, XV. 164. 
 
 Sonora, state of Mexico, XV. 165. 
 
 Sonora , county seat, XVI. 40, 2 b. 
 
 Sonorous pulse, XV. 181, 2 ab (Sound). 
 Son'tag, Henriette [Ger. zun'-ta k h], Countess 
 Rossi, German singer, XV. 165. 
 
 Sonthal [son-tal'], tribe in India, IX. 214, 2 c. 
 Soocnow', city of China, XV. 165. 
 
704 
 
 SOODAN 
 
 SOUND 
 
 Soodan', territory of Africa, XV. 165. Ex¬ 
 plorers, 166, 1 c. Province of Egypt, 2 a. 
 Soofees : see Sufis. 
 
 Sooloo', chain of islands, Indian archipelago, 
 XV. 166. Island, 1 c, 2 a. Town, 2 a. 
 Soongaria : see Turkistan, XVI. 6T, 1 ab. 
 Soonna : see Sunna. 
 
 Soosoo', dolphin of the Ganges, XV. 167 (ill.). 
 Soothsayer : see Mantis. 
 
 Sophia [so-fe'-a], town of Bulgaria, XV. 167. 
 So'phia: see Proverbs, XIV. 41, 2 b. 
 
 Sophi'a Alexeyev'na : see Peter I. 
 
 Sophia of Celle [tsel'-leh]: see George I., VII. 
 703, 2 b, 704, 1 b. 
 
 Sophia Dorothea, crown princess of Hanover, 
 XV. 167; X. 42, 1 h. 
 
 Sophisms of Eubulides , specimen of the, VL 
 768, 1 a. 
 
 Sophists: see Philosophy, XIII. 437, 2 ab ; 
 
 Moral Philosophy, XI. 808, 1 c. 
 
 Sophocles [sof-o-kleez], Greek tragic poet, 
 XV. 167. Characterization, 168, 1 b. 
 Sophocles, Evangelinus Apostolides, American 
 scholar, XV. 168. His Greek lexicon, III. 
 519, 1 ab. 
 
 Sophonisba : see Masinissa. 
 
 Sophronius , patriarch of Jerusalem, on “ one 
 mode of willing and working” in Christ, 
 XI. 758, 1 b; VIII. 800, 1 a. 
 
 Sorabs' , Slavic tribe, XVI. 552, 2 c. 
 
 Sorac'te, mountain of Italy, XV. 168. 
 
 Sora rail , bird, XIV. 169, 2 b. 
 
 Sorbine [sor'-bin], saccharine substance, XY. 
 441, 1 b. 
 
 Sovbon , Robert de [sor-bo ng ], XV. 168, 2 c. 
 Sorbonne [sor-bun], school of theology, Paris, 
 XV. 168. Opposition to ultramontamsm, 
 169, 2 a. Suppressed, 2 b. 
 
 Sorbs , trees so called, XIV. 784, 2 ab. 
 
 Sorbiis (botany), I. 806, 2 ab; XIV. 784, 2 a. 
 
 S. Americana, I. 806, 2 b; aucuparia, 2 c. 
 Sor'des, in typhus fever, VII. 167, 1 be. 
 
 Sordino [sor-de'-no], musical instrument, XVI. 
 367, 1 a. 
 
 Sore , young buck, VII. 75, 1 c. 
 
 Sorel', town of Canada, XV. 169. 
 
 Sorel , river, IV. 249, 2 a. 
 
 Sorel, Agnes: see Agnes Sorel. 
 
 So'rex (zoology), XV. 7, 2 b. S. personatus, 
 2 be; araneus, 8, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Sorgho: see Sorghum, XV. 170, 1 b. 
 
 Sorghum, genus of grasses, XV. 169. S. nu¬ 
 tans, 2 c; vulgare, var. saccliaratum, 170, 
 1 b (ill.), III. 329, 1 be (ill.); andropogon, 
 
 XII. 530, 1 a. Cultivation of sorghum, XV. 
 170, 1 b, ff. Sorghum molasses, 171, 1 a. 
 
 Sori, of ferns, VII. 149, 2 c. 
 
 Soria, province of Spain, XV. 171. Capital, 1 be. 
 Sorites [so-rl'-teez], in logic, X. 579, 1 a. 
 
 Soro , Feejee mulct, VII. Ill, 2 c. 
 
 Sorrel, plant, XV. 171 (ill.). Sheep sorrel, 
 
 2 be (ilk). Wood sorrel: see Oxalis. Yel¬ 
 low wood sorrel, XII. 758, 2 c ; common, ib. 
 (ill.), 759, 1 b ; violet, 1 a. Salt of sorrel, 
 758, 1 a, 759, 1 a; XIII. 763, 2 c. 
 
 Sorrel , young buck, VII. 75, 1 c. 
 
 Sorrel tree : see Tree Sorrel. 
 
 Sorrento, city of Italy, XV. 172. 
 
 Sor'tes convivia'les , X. 647, 1 ab. 
 
 Sortes Prcenesti’nee, XIII. 799, 2 c. 
 
 Sortes Virgilia'nce , XVI. 370, 2 c. 
 
 Sos: see Shu (Index). 
 
 Soshi, Japanese miscellanies, IX. 559, 2 b. 
 Sosigenes [so-sij'-e-neez], (Alexandrian astrono¬ 
 mer), III. 579, 1 c. 
 
 Sosis : see Shu (Index). 
 
 Sostom'agus , ancient town, IV. 69, 2 c. 
 Sothern, Edward Askew [su^'-ern], American 
 actor, XV. 172. 
 
 Sothic year , IV. 557, 1 b; 559, 1 b. 
 
 Soto : see De Soto. 
 
 Sot well, Nathaniel: see Southwell, and I. 
 271, 1 a. 
 
 Soubeiran [soo-ba-ra ng ], (Eugene, 1797-1858, 
 professor of pharmacy in Paris), discovery 
 of chloroform by, IV. 502, 1 c; X. 415, 2 c. 
 Soubise, Benjamin de Bohan, seigneur do 
 [soo-beez], French soldier, XV. 172. Charles 
 de Bohan, prince de, soldier, 2 b. 
 
 Soudan: see Soodan, and VI. 454, 2 b. 
 
 Soufflot [soo-flo], (Jacques Germain, 1713-80), 
 architect, XIII. 39, 1 be. 
 
 Soul , distinct powers of the, first taught by 
 Aristotle, I. 706, 2 c. Sommering’s idea of 
 its seat, XV. 162, 2 b. 
 
 Soul of the world , X. 846, 2 a (Magic). 
 Soulanges [soo-la ng zh], county, XV. 172. 
 Soule, Joshua [sole], American clergyman, XV. 
 172. 
 
 Soule, Pierre [soo-la/], American statesman, 
 XV. 173. 
 
 Soulie, Melchior Frederic [soo-lya], French 
 novelist, XV. 173. 
 
 Soulouque, Faustin [soo-look'J, Haytian em v 
 peror, XV. 173; VIII. 552, 2 c. 
 
 Soult, Nicolas Jean de Dieu [soolt], duke of 
 Dalmatia, French soldier, XV. 173. 
 
 Sound, XV. 174. Origin and propagation of 
 
SOUND 
 
 SOUTHWORTI1 
 
 705 
 
 sound, 2 a (ill.). Pitch and determination 
 of the number of vibrations, 175, 1 be (ills.). 
 Intensity of sound, 177, 1 be. Timbre of 
 sound, and analysis of sounds, 2 ab (ills.); 
 VIII. 623, 2 c, ff. Reproduction of sono¬ 
 rous vibrations from curves made by vibra¬ 
 ting bodies, XV. 179, 1 be (ills.). Trans¬ 
 mission of sound, 181, 1 be; reflection of, 
 183, 1 a; refraction of, 1 be (ill.); inter¬ 
 ference of, 2 b (ills.). Change of pitch by 
 translation of the sounding body, 184, 2 c. 
 Perception of sounds and their analysis by 
 the ear, 185, 1 b. Duration of residual so¬ 
 norous sensations, 187,1 c.—Sounds observed 
 at great distance, I. 148, 1 b. Effect of 
 pressure and temperature on its transmission, 
 VI. 492,1 b. Measurement of, by pyrometer, 
 XIV. 116, 1 ab. Sound produced by mag¬ 
 netism, XI. 6, 2 be. 
 
 Sound, The, between the Cattegat and the 
 Baltic, XV. 188. 
 
 Sounder , of a telegraph, XV. 612, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Sounding : see Atlantic Ocean, II. 69, 2 a, 
 and Deedging, Deep-Sea. 
 
 Soundings, deep-sea , first series of, II. 70, 1 a. 
 Apparatus for: Brooke’s, 69, 2 b, 71, 2 b ; 
 Sand’s, ib. ; Trowbridge’s, 69, 2 b; Massey’s 
 indicator, 2 c; Stellwagen cup, 71, 2 a; 
 bulldog machine, 2 b. Deep-sea thermome¬ 
 ters, 74, 1 c; Six’s, ib. ; Saxton’s, 2 a; Mil- 
 ler-Casella’s, ib. 
 
 Source du Par [soorce dii par], hot spring, IV. 
 343, 1 a. 
 
 Sour gourd (baobab), II. 290, 1 b. 
 
 Sour Gum : see Tupelo, XVI. 40, 2 c. 
 
 Souring process, in bleaching, II. 703, 2 c. 
 
 Sour sop , fruit, V. 592, 2 c. 
 
 Sour water , of dyers, III. 208, 2 ab. 
 
 Sour-wood , tree, XV. 855, 1 c. 
 
 Sousou: see Soosoo. 
 
 South, Robert, English clergyman, XV. 188. 
 
 South Adams : see Adams, Mass. 
 
 South Amboy : see Perth Amboy. 
 
 South America : see America, I. 390, 2 a. 
 
 Southampton, county of Virginia, XV. 188. 
 
 Southampton , county of England: see Hamp¬ 
 shire. 
 
 Southampton, town of England, XV. 188. 
 
 Southampton, Henry Wriothesley, third earl 
 of, English statesman, XV. 189. 
 
 Southampton island, Hudson bay, IX. 29, 1 c. 
 
 SouTHAMPTONsniRE: see Hampshire. 
 
 South Australia, British colony, XV. 189. 
 Coast line, 2 c. Physical features, 190, 1 a. 
 45 
 
 Minerals, 1 c. Climate, 2 a. Vegetation, 2 b. 
 Animals, 2 c. Government, 191, 1 a. In¬ 
 habitants, 1 ab. Religious organizations, 1 b. 
 Education, ib. Commerce', 1 be. History, 1 c. 
 South Australian colonization association , XV. 
 191, 1 c. 
 
 SouTn Bend, city of Indiana, XV. 191. 
 
 South Carolina, state, XV. 191. State seal 
 (ill.), 192. Population, 1 b. Topography, 2 c. 
 Rivers, 193, 1 b. Geology and minerals, 2 a. 
 Natural curiosities, 194, 1 a. Climate, 1 b. 
 Agriculture, 1 c. Manufactures, 2 c. Inter¬ 
 communication, 195, 1 b. Commerce, 2 a. 
 Banks, 1 c. Government, ib. Finances, 
 196, 2 b. Education, 197, 1 a. Public in¬ 
 stitutions, 198,1 a. Religious organizations, 
 
 1 be. History, 2 a. Nullification ordinance, 
 
 2 be. Ordinance of secession, 199, 1 ab; 
 repealed, and slavery abolished, 2 a. 
 
 Southcott, Joanna, English religious enthu¬ 
 siast, XV. 200. Southcottians, community 
 of, 1 be. 
 
 South downs, England, VI. 217, 2 c. South 
 down mutton, 218,1 a; sheep, XIV. 839,1 a. 
 Southern, Thomas, British dramatist, XV. 200. 
 Southern Coalsack: see Galaxy, VII. 559,1 a. 
 Southern Dwina : see Duna. 
 
 Southernwood : see Artemisia, I. 773, 2 c. 
 Southey, Robert [sow'TAe or sutfA'-e], English 
 author, XV. 200. Caroline Anne Bowles, 
 201, 1 b. 
 
 South Foreland , promontory of England, IX. 
 
 794, 1 be. North, 1 b. 
 
 South Kensington museum, London, X. 605,1 b; 
 amphitheatre, 2 a. 
 
 South mountain, Appalachians, II. 759, 2 b; 
 XIII. 255, 2 a. 
 
 South Orange: see Orange, XII. 666, 1 a, be. 
 South park, Colorado, V. 101,1 ab. 
 
 South Pass City, county seat, XV. 519, 1 c. 
 South sea (Pacific ocean), XII. 780, 2 c. 
 
 South sea bubble: see South Sea Scheme, and 
 VII. 703, 2 c. 
 
 South sea company, XV. 201, 1 c. 
 
 South Sea Scheme, XV. 201; VII. 703, 2 c. 
 Southwark [su£A'-urk], London, X. 591, 2 a, 
 592, 1 a; bridge, 1 b. 
 
 SouTnwELL, Nathaniel, English Jesuit scholar, 
 
 XV. 201. 
 
 Southwell, Robert, English author, XV. 202. 
 Southwick, Solomon (1774-1839, journalist o 
 Albany), antimasonic leader, I. 564, 2 a. 
 Southworth, Emma D. E. (Nevitt), American 
 authoress, XV. 202. 
 
 
706 
 
 SOUVESTRE 
 
 SPANKER 
 
 Souyestre, Emile [soo-vestr’], French author, 
 
 XV. 202. 
 
 Souza, Thome de [so'-oo-za], governor of Brazil, 
 III. 231, 1 c. 
 
 Souza Botelho, Jose Maria de, marquis [bo-ta/- 
 lyoo], Portuguese diplomatist, VII. 253, 1 c. 
 Sovereign, English coin, XIII. 794, 2 c. First 
 coined, XI. 739, 2 b. 
 
 Sovereign of the Seas, first English three-decker, 
 XII. 184, 2 b (ill.); XIV. 857, 1 b. 
 
 Sowbane , plant, XIII. 508, 2 h. 
 
 Sower, Christopher (born in Germany, died 
 1758), first type founder in the United States, 
 
 XVI. 94, 1 c. Printer of the first American 
 edition of the German Bible, ib. Christo¬ 
 pher, jr. (1721—’84), 2 a. 
 
 Sowerby, James, English naturalist, XV. 202. 
 George Brettingham, 2 b. George Bret- 
 tingham (2d), ib. 
 
 Sow thistle , plant, XV. 713, 2 b. 
 
 Soy, sauce, XV. 202. 
 
 Soya (botany), XIII. 203, 2 ab. 
 
 Soyer, Alexis [swa-ya], French cook, XV. 203. 
 Soy pea, XIII. 203, 2 ab. 
 
 Spa, or Spaa [spa], Belgian watering place, 
 XV. 203 ; II. 488, 2 c. 
 
 Space and time , philosophical notions of, estab¬ 
 lished by Aristotle, I. 706, 2 c. 
 
 Spada, Lionello [spa'-da], Italian painter, XV. 
 
 203, 
 
 Spadix, of plants, XIII. 584, 2 c. 
 
 Spagnoletto [spa-nyo-let'-to], Spanish painter, 
 XV. 203. 
 
 Spahis [spa'-hees], Turkish military corps, I. 
 445, 2 c; III. 112, 2 a. 
 
 Spain, kingdom of Europe, XV. 203. (Map.) 
 Coast line, 2 a. Rivers, 2 c. Mountains, 
 
 204, 1 a. Geology, 1 c. Minerals, 2 ah. 
 Climate and soil, 2 he. Flora and fauna, 
 
 205, 1 ab. Political divisions and popula¬ 
 tion, 2 a. Inhabitants, 206, 2 ab. Agricul¬ 
 ture, 2 c. Manufactures, 207, 1 h. Inter¬ 
 communication, 2 a. Commerce, 2 be. Gov¬ 
 ernment, 208, 1 a. Finances, 2 be. Coins, 
 209, 1 a. Religion, 1 ab. Education, 2 a. 
 Literary societies, libraries, &c., 2 c.—His¬ 
 tory, ib. Roman conquest, 210, 1 c. Ger¬ 
 man invasions, 2 ab. Arabian conquest, 2 c. 
 Early Christian kingdoms, 211, 1 b. Union 
 under Ferdinand and Isabella, 2 c. Austrian 
 dynasty, 212, 1 be; Bourbon, 2 c. French 
 domination, 213, 2 ab. War with Napoleon, 
 2 h. Restoration of the Bourbons, 214, 1 a. 
 Reign of Isabella II., 2 be. Revolution of 
 
 1868, 216, 1 be.—Spanish interference in 
 Kentucky (1790), IX. 804, 2 b. Attempt to 
 overthrow Spanish rule in North America, 
 786, 1 c. Spanish power in the Netherlands, 
 VIII. 161, 1 a; I. 369, 2 c, ff. 
 
 Spain, Language and Literature of, XV. 217. 
 Literature, early period, 219, 1 ab; second 
 period, under Austrian dynasty, 220, 2 a; 
 third, golden era, 221, 2 a; fourth, modern, 
 222, 1 c. Catalan literature, 223,1 b. Span¬ 
 ish American literature, 1 c.—Foundation of 
 Spanish prose, I. 296, 1 a. 
 
 Spain, Wines of, XV. 223. 
 
 Spalato [spa-la'-to], town of Dalmatia,XV. 225. 
 Spalatro: see Spalato. 
 
 Spalatum: see Spalato. 
 
 Spalax (zoology), XI. 705, 2 b. 
 
 Spalding [spawl'-ding], county, XV. 225. 
 Spalding, Lyman, American physician,XV. 225. 
 Spalding, Martin John, prelate, XV. 226. 
 Spalding, Solomon: see Mormons, XI. 833, lbc. 
 Spallanzani, Lazaro [spal-lan-dza'-ne], Italian 
 naturalist, XV. 226. 
 
 Span , of an arch, I. 641, 2 h. 
 
 Spandatj [span'-dow], town, Prussia, XV. 227. 
 Spangenberg, August Gottlieb [spang'-en- 
 bairg], Moravian bishop, XV. 227. 
 Spangenberg, Friedrich, German painter, XV. 
 227. 
 
 “ Spangled beauf plant, IX. 157, 1 c. 
 Spangles: see Wire, XVI. 677, 2 ho. 
 Spanheim, Ezechiel [span'-hime], Swiss author, 
 XV. 227. 
 
 Spaniel, dog, XV. 228 (ill.). English breed, 
 
 1 b. Water spaniel, ib. Alpine, or St. Ber¬ 
 nard, ib. Newfoundland dog, 1 c. Spring¬ 
 er, ib. King Charles spaniel, ib. Cocker, 
 
 2 a. Maltese dog, ib. 
 
 Spanish American colonies, independence of, 
 recognized, I. 101, 2 c. 
 
 Spanish blaclc , X. 132, 1 he; V. 356, 2 a. 
 Spanish broom., plant, III. 329, 1 b. 
 
 Spanish brown, paint, XII. 574, 1 be. 
 
 Spanish Fly : see Cantharides, and II. 477,2 b. 
 Spanish juice (liquorice), X. 519, 1 c. 
 
 SpANisn Main (geography), XV. 228. 
 
 Spanish reds, wines, XV. 225, 1 be. 
 
 Spanish succession, war of the , XV. 212, 2 c; 
 IV. 297, 2 b; X. 659, 1 b; XIII. 413, 2 a; 
 VI. 772, 1 he; VIII. 616, 1 c; XI. 177, 2 c. 
 Spanish Town, Jamaica, referred to, X. 10,1 be. 
 Spanish white (whiting), IV. 232, 1 b. 
 
 Spanker, of a ship, XIV. 865, 1 a. Spanker 
 mast, 858, 1 b. 
 
SPANNER 
 
 SPECTRUM 
 
 707 
 
 Spanner, worm, IAL 106, 2 ab (ill.). 
 
 Span Worm: see Canker Worm, and Cater¬ 
 pillar. 
 
 Spar: see Baryta, Calcareous Spar, Feld¬ 
 spar, and Fluor Spar. 
 
 Spar, red-lead (chromium), IV. 554, 2 be. 
 
 Sparidoe (ichthyology), III. 240, 1 c. 
 
 Sparks, Jared, American historian, XV. 228; 
 XVI. 194, 2 c. 
 
 Sparling , fish, XV. 112, 2 a. 
 
 Sparrenburg, castle of.\ II. 628, 1 b. 
 
 Sparring: see Pugilism, XIV. 76, 1 a. 
 
 Sparrow, bird, XV. 229. American species: 
 white-crowned, 1 b (ill.); chipping (chip 
 bird), 2 ab; song sparrow, 2 c. Old world 
 sparrows: domestic, 230, 1 be (ill.); intro¬ 
 duction of into the United States, 1 c. See 
 Finch, VII. 191, 2 b. 
 
 Sparrow Hawk, XV. 230. American, 2 ab 
 (ill.). European, 2 c. Of another genus, 
 231, 1 a. 
 
 Spars , of a ship, XIV. 864, 1 ab. 
 
 Sparta, city of ancient Greece, XV. 231: see 
 Laconia. Situation and description, 1 a, ff. 
 Traditional and mythical era, 1 c; earliest 
 historical, 2 ab. Lycurgan legislation, 2 b. 
 Division of land, 2 be. Government, 2 c. 
 Ephors, 232, 1 a. Discipline and education, 
 ib. Career of conquest, 1 b. Rivalry with 
 Athens, 2 a. Peloponnesian war, ib. ; peace 
 of Antalcidas, 2 b; battle of Leuctra, ib. 
 (See Index.) Relation to Philip of Macedon, 
 2 be. Attempted restoration of the Lycur¬ 
 gan institutions, 2 c. Comes under Roman 
 dominion, 233, 1 a.—Military organization 
 and troops, I. 739, 2 a-740, 1 a. See 
 Athens, and Greece. 
 
 Sparta , county seats, II. 629, 1 c; V. 220, 
 2 be; VIII. 434, l b; XI. 761, 1 a; XVI. 
 602, 2 b. 
 
 Spartacus, Roman gladiator and insurgent 
 leader, XV. 233. 
 
 Spartanburg, county, XV. 233. 
 
 Spartanburg C. AT., county seat, XV. 233, 2 a. 
 
 Spartium scoparium (botany), III. 329, 1 a 
 (ill.). S. junceum, 1 b. 
 
 Spartivento, Cape : see Cape Spartivento. 
 
 Sparus (ichthyology), V. 240, 2 c. 
 
 Spas [spaz], the waters of, XI. 592, 1 c. 
 
 Spasm, or cramp, I. 571, 2 c. Causes of, 572, 
 1 ab. Treatment, 1 b. Complication, 2 ab. 
 —Spasm of the glottis, V. 518, 2 c. 
 
 Spat, of the oyster, VII. 217, 2 b; XII. 772,1 b. 
 
 Spathe [spai£V], of a plant, XIII. 584, 2 c. 
 
 Spathic ore (iron), IX. 409, 1 a. 
 
 Spatterdock, plant, XVI. 502, 2 c. 
 
 Spatularia (ichthyology), XV. 432, 1 c. 
 
 Spaulding, Levi, American missionary, XV. 
 233. 
 
 Spavin, disease of the horse, XVI. 333, 1 c. 
 
 Spawn, of fish or frogs, VI. 450, 2 a. Of mush¬ 
 rooms, XII. 70, 2 b. 
 
 Spaying, IV. 88, 1 c (Castration). 
 
 Spe'a, Egyptian structures, I. 653, 2 c. 
 
 Speaker, presiding officer of a legislative body, 
 XV. 233. 
 
 Spear Bearer, statue by Polycletus, XIII. 686,1 a. 
 
 Spearmint, XI. 614, 2 c, 615, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Speautre [spotr’], (spelter), XVI. 819, 2 a. 
 
 “ Specie circular ,” the, of the secretary of the 
 U. S. treasury, VII. 20, 1 a. 
 
 Species, XV. 233. In scientific technology, 
 2 c. Genus, family, order, &c., 234, 1 a. 
 Variety, 1 ab. Characteristics, 1 b, ff. Sup¬ 
 posed physiological fixedness and creation 
 of species, 235, 1 a. Progress of opinion on 
 the origin of species, 1 ab, ff. Linnaeus, 1 b ; 
 Cuvier, 1 c; his followers, 2 ab; Lamarck, 
 2 b; his definition of species, 2 c; results, 
 236,/1 ab, ff*. Darwin’s service to science, 
 2 a. What is wanting to his theory, 2 ab. 
 —See Genus ; Plant, XIII. 592, 2 ab, 593, 
 2 a; VIII. 371, 2 a, 372, 2 c; 739, 1 ab, be. 
 Duration of fossil species, XII. 810,1 a, 2 a. 
 
 Specific Gravity : see Gravity, Specific. Dis¬ 
 covery of the principle, I. 652, 1 a. Of 
 liquids, how determined, IX. 124, 1 be; of 
 solids, 1 c. 
 
 Specif cum purgans Paracelsi, XIII. 761, 1 c. 
 
 Specie boom [spek borne], favorite food of the 
 African elephant, VI. 521, 1 c. 
 
 Spectacles, XV. 236. For aiding sight by 
 correction of optical defects, 1 c; of muscu¬ 
 lar inefficiency, 237, 2 ab. Forms of lenses, 
 238, 1 c; material, ib. Test of quality, 2 a. 
 Frames, ib. Spectacles for far and near 
 vision, 2 be; for protection from excess of 
 light, &c., 2 c. Earliest known use of spec¬ 
 tacles, 1 a. When invented, ib. 
 
 Spectacle snake, IV. 771, 1 c. 
 
 Spectre candles, fossil remains, II. 485, 1 be. 
 
 Spectre of the Brocken, I. 352, 2 c. 
 
 Spectrom'eter, XV. 240, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Spectroscope , XV. 239, 2 b. Fraunhofer’s, ib. 
 (ill.); Kirchhoff’s, 240, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Spectroscopic analysis, of the sun, &c., II. 46, 2‘c. 
 
 Spectrum, XV. 238. Prismatic spectrum, 2 c, 
 239,1 c; X. 440,1 a (solar, ill.). Formation 
 
708 
 
 SPECTRUM 
 
 SPHENISCUS 
 
 of spectra, XV. 239, 1 be. Spectroscopes, 
 
 2 ab, 240, 1 a (ills.). Fraunhofer’s solar 
 spectrum, 239,2 b (ill.). Diffraction or inter¬ 
 ference spectra, 240, 1 c. Measurement of 
 wave lengths, ib. (ills.) ; 248, 1 ab. Ruther- 
 furd’s ruling engine, 243, 1 a (ill.). Actions 
 • of the spectral rajs, 244, 2 c (ill.). Heat 
 actions of the spectrum, 245, 1 c; chemical, 
 
 246, 2 c. Photographs of the spectral lines, 
 
 247, 2 c. Fluorescent action on the spectral 
 rays, 248, 2 ab (ills.).—See Young, Charles 
 Augustus.—Secondary spectrum in the tele¬ 
 scope, 628, 1 a. 
 
 Spectrum Analysis, XV. 250 (ills.). Applied 
 to the stars, 253, 1 a; to nebulse, 254, 1 b 
 (ill.); to comets, 1 c; to the planets, 2 be. 
 Specula, plane mirrors, XII. 654, 1 c. 
 
 Specular ore (iron), IX. 406, 2 c; 407, 1 c. 
 Specular schist , IX. 407, 2 be. 
 
 Speculum, concave metallic mirror, XV. 254. 
 Material, 2 c. Mould for casting, 255, 1 be. 
 Production of the parabolic figure, 2 be. 
 Polishing, 256, 1 a. Peculiarities in form 
 and application to use, 1 c. Silver specula, 
 2 b; bronze, III. 314, 2 b. 
 
 Speculum Diance: see Nemi. 
 
 SpedalsJced , Norway leprosy, VI. 523, 1 ab. 
 Speicher island [spi'- c her], Dantzic, V. 678, 2 be. 
 Speiss [spice], mineral deposit, XII. 432, 1 b. 
 Speke, John Hanning, English traveller, XV. 
 
 257; I. 167, 1 a, b. 
 
 Speler'pes (zoology), XIV. 558, 1 be. 
 
 Spelling , historical instead of phonetic, I. 348, 
 1 c. 
 
 Spelman, Sir Henry, English antiquary, XV. 
 
 257. 
 
 Spelt, kind of wheat, XVI. 587, 2 c (ill.). 
 Spelter: see Zinc, XVI. 816, 1 c. Origin of 
 the word, 819, 2 a. 
 
 Spence, Joseph, English author, XV. 257. 
 Spence, William, entomologist, XV. 257. 
 Spencer, two counties, XV. 257. 
 
 Spencer, county seats, XII. 749, 1 a; XIV. 354, 
 1 b; XVI. 253, 2 a. 
 
 Spencer, Ambrose, American jurist, XV. 257. 
 
 John Canfield, jurist, 258, 1 a. 
 
 Spencer, George (Father Ignatius of St. Paul), 
 English clergyman, XV. 258. 
 
 Spencer, George John, second Earl Spencer, 
 English bibliophile, XV. 258. John Charles, 
 third Earl Spencer, statesman, 1 b. 
 
 Spencer, Herbert, English philosopher, XV. 
 
 258. Theories of evolution, VII. 10, 2 be; 
 12, 1 c; 13, 1 a; 14, 2 a, if. See Moral 
 
 Philosophy, XI. 814, 2 b ; Philosophy, 
 XIII. 446, 1 c. On political economy, XIII. 
 670, 2 b; 674, 1 c. 
 
 Spencer, Ichabod Smith, American clergyman, 
 XV. 259. 
 
 Spencer, Jesse Ames, clergyman, XV. 259. 
 
 Spencer, Lady Diana, II. 424, 1 b. 
 
 Spener, Philipp Jakob [spa'-ner], German the¬ 
 ologian, XV. 260. 
 
 Spenser, Edmund, English poet, XV. 260; 
 VI. 633, 2 be. 
 
 Speos: see Pyramid, XIV. 104, 2 b. 
 
 Speot'yto (ornithology), XII. 755, 1 c. S. cu- 
 nicularia and hypogsea, 2 a. 
 
 Speranski, Mikhail [speh-ran'-ske], Russian 
 statesman, XV. 261. 
 
 Sper'gula pilif'era (botany), X. 222, 1 a. 
 
 Sperm, mineral, so called, XIII. 371, 1 c. 
 
 Spermaceti, a fatty matter, XV. 261; XVI. 581, 
 
 1 b ; III. 698, 2 b. Spermaceti candles, 2 be. 
 
 Spermatia, of fungi, VII. 533, 1 b ; of lichens, 
 X. 410, 1 a. 
 
 Spermatozoa, discovery of, X. 314, 1 a. With¬ 
 in the ovum, II. 343, 1 a. 
 
 Spermogonia, of lichens, X. 410, 1 a. 
 
 Spermophile : see Prairie Squirrel. 
 
 Spermoph'ilus (zoology), XIII. 803. S. Bee- 
 cheyi, 2 c; tredecim-lineatus, 804, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Sperm Whale : see Whale, XVI. 581,1 a (ills.). 
 
 Spetzia: see Spezzia. 
 
 Speusippus, Greek philosopher, XV. 261. 
 
 Speyer, or Speyr [spi'-er, spire]: see Spire. 
 
 Spezia, La [laspa'-dze-a], town of Italy, XV. 261. 
 
 Spezzia [spet'-se-a], island of Greece, XV. 262. 
 Town, 1 ab. 
 
 Sphacelus [sfas'-e lus]: see Gangrene, VII. 
 612, 1 a. 
 
 Sphacte'riu, island of Greece, XII. 178, 2 ab. 
 
 Sphcerice (botany), VII. 532, 1 b. Sphseria 
 morbosa, 531, 2 be. 
 
 Sphceriodac'tylus (zoology), VII. 657, 1 a. 
 
 Sphwrob'olus stella'tus (botany), VII. 533, 2 b. 
 
 Sphcerosi'derite, ore of iron, IX. 409, 1 a. 
 
 Sphagia: see Sphacteria (Index). 
 
 Sphagnum: see Mosses, XI. 865, 2 be. S. 
 acutifolium (ill.). S. palustre, II. 778, 2 a. 
 
 Sphaidiote mountains, III. 695, 2 c. Sphakiot# 
 mountaineers, 696, 2 b. 
 
 Sphal'erite, zinc ore,II. 708,2 be; XVI.820,1 b 
 
 Spliargis (zoology), XVI. 79, 2 c. S. coriacea, 
 81, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Sphecoth'eres (ornithology), XII. 694, 2 a. 
 
 Spheniscus (ornithology), XIII. 249, 2 a. S. 
 demersus, 2 be. 
 
SPHENOGRAMS 
 
 SPIRA 
 
 709 
 
 Sphen'ograms : see Cuneiform Inscriptions, 
 Y. 570, 2 c. Splienography, ib. 
 
 Sphere, in geometry, XV. 262; VII. 701, 
 
 1 ab. In geography, XV. 262, 1 c: see 
 Globe. In astronomy, ib. 
 
 Spheres, harmony of the , XIV. 120, 2 ab (Py¬ 
 thagoras). 
 
 Spherical aberration , in optical instruments, I. 
 24, 2 a (ill.); XII. 656, 2 a (ills.), 659, 2 be; 
 XV. 624, 1 ab, 626, 2 a. 
 
 Spherothe'ca panno'sa (botany), XI. 535, 1 a. 
 SpniNX, in Greek mythology, XV. 262. Rid¬ 
 dle of the, 2 ab: see CEdipus. In Egypt, 
 
 2 ab (ill.). 
 
 Sphinx, baboon, XV. 263. 
 
 Sphinx (entomology), VIII. 532, 1 c. S. Car¬ 
 olina, XV. 781, 1 c. S. quinquemaculatus, 
 ib. ; VIII. 533, 1 b, 2 a (ills., 1 a, 532, 2 b); 
 IV. 106, 2 b. Fertilization of plants by, XII. 
 672, 2 b (ills.). 
 
 Spnmx Caterpillar : see Hawk Moth. 
 Sphodrias, Spartan general, I. 186, 2 b. 
 Sphygmogeaph : see Pulse, XIV. 80, 1 c (ills.); 
 
 Electricity, VI. 489, 2 a. 
 
 Sphyra (ichthyology), XIV. 830, 1 b. S. mal¬ 
 leus, ib. 
 
 Spice Islands : see Moluccas. 
 
 Spicewood : see Feyer Bush. 
 
 Spichern, heights of [spe'- c hern] :• see Forbach. 
 Spider, insect, XV. 263. Anatomical descrip¬ 
 tion, 1 c. Classification of spiders, 264, 1 c. 
 Distribution and habits, 2 ab. American 
 species, 265, 1 b. Wolf spiders, 2 a (ill.); 
 jumping, 2 be (ill.). Long-legged spider, 
 266,1 a; house, 1 b (ill.). Epe'ira, 1 be (ill.). 
 “Father long-legs,” 1 c. See Arachnida, 
 Cobweb, and Silk Spider. 
 
 Spider Crab, XV. 266 (ill.). 
 
 Spider Monkey : see Monkey, XI. 751, la (ill.). 
 Spiegel, Friedrich [spe'-ghel], German orien¬ 
 talist, XV. 267. * 
 
 Spiegeleisen [spe'-ghel-i-zen], specular iron, IX. 
 367, 2 a; 368, 1 b. 
 
 Spielberg, castle of [speel'-bairg], III. 359, 2 a. 
 Spielhagen, Friedrich [speel'-ha-ghen], Ger¬ 
 man novelist, XV. 267. 
 
 Spiess, Heinrich [speece], painter, XV. 267. 
 Spigel [spe'-ghel]: see Spigelius (Index). 
 Spigelia Marilandica (botany), XIII. 532, 2 c 
 
 ( m.). 
 
 Spigelius [spi-ghe'-le-us], (Adrian van den Spi¬ 
 gel or Spiegbel, 1578-1625, Flemish botanist 
 and anatomist, professor at Padua), referred 
 to, XIII. 532, 2 c. Lobe of, X. 536, 2 c. 
 
 Spike : see Nail. 
 
 Spike , of plants, XIII. 584, 2 ab. 
 
 Spike , X. 215, 2 c (Lavender). Oil of spike, ib. 
 Spike'nard, plant, XV. 267. 
 
 Spilocce’a fructigena [fruk-tij'-e-na], (botany), 
 VII. 533, 1 a. 
 
 Spina , in the Roman circus, IV. 611, 1 c. 
 SpiNAcn [spin'-ich], plant, XV. 267 (ill., 268). 
 Spina'cia olera'cea (botany), XV. 267, 2 c. 
 Spinacidce [spi-nas'-e-de], (ichthyology), XIV. 
 828, 1 b. 
 
 Spinal column , XV. 77, 1 be; XVI. 325, 1 b. 
 See Spinal Diseases. 
 
 Spinal Cord: see Nervous System, XII. 235, 
 1 c (ill.). Functions of, 237, 2 a. Reflex 
 action of, 238, 1 a. Inflammation of, XV. 
 269, 2 c. Induration or sclerosis of, 270, 
 
 1 ab; 271, 1 a. 
 
 Spinal Diseases, XV. 268. Spinal meningitis, 
 
 2 c. Epidemic cerebro-spinal meningitis, 
 269, 1 be. Myelitis, 2 c. Spinal apoplexy, 
 270,1 b. Progressive locomotor ataxia, 1 c. 
 See Brain, Diseases of the. 
 
 Spinal marrow , proportion of to brain, XII. 
 235, 2 b. 
 
 Spindle tree , XVI. 517, 2 c. 
 
 Spindler, Karl, German novelist, XV. 271. 
 Spine : see Skeleton, and Spinal Diseases. 
 
 Scrofulous caries of the, XV. 268, 1 b. 
 
 Spine, in plants, XIII. 577, 1 c. 
 
 Spine-belly, fish, XIV. 739, 1 c. 
 
 Spi'nel, mineral, XV. 271. “Spinel type,” in 
 mineralogy, XI. 587, 2 be. 
 
 Spin'et, musical instrument, XIII. 48$, 1 b. 
 
 Dumb spinet: see Clavichord. 
 
 Spin'if ex, grass, II. 129, 1 b. 
 
 Spink, county, XV. 271. 
 
 Spinner , moth, XI. 867, 2 c. 
 
 Spinneret, of the spider, XV. 264, 1 b. 
 Spinning : see Cotton Manufacture, Linen, 
 Rope, and Wool, Manufactures of. 
 
 Spinning for fish, I. 498, 1 c. 
 
 Spinning jenny, V. 411, 2 a. 
 
 Spinola, Ambrosio de, marquis [spe-no'-la], 
 Spanish soldier, XV. 272. 
 
 Spinoza, Baruch or Benedict, Dutch philoso¬ 
 pher, XV. 272; X. 323, 1 b, 324, 2 a. Com¬ 
 pared with Plotinus, XIII. 615, 1 a. On 
 miracles, XI. 625,1 c. See Moral Philoso¬ 
 phy, XI. 811, 2 c; Philosophy, XIII. 431, 
 2 b, 441, 1 b. 
 
 Spin'tharus, architect of the Delphic temple, 
 V. 784, 2 b. 
 
 Spira: see Spire, XV. 275, 1 c. 
 
710 
 
 SPIRAEA 
 
 SPOOTIN1 
 
 Spirze'a, genus of plants, XV. 274. S. salici- 
 folia, 1 e (ill.); Douglasii, 2 a; tomentosa, 
 ib. ; opulifolia, 2 b; prunifolia, Reevesiana, 
 lanceolata, Portnnei or callosa, ariasfolia, 
 and Thunbergii, 2 c; grandiflora and lobata, 
 275, 1 a; aruncus and filipendula (ill.), 1 b; 
 Japonica, so called, ib. 
 
 Spiracle , of the whale, XVI. 579, 2 b. 
 
 Spiral spring , of watches, invention of, IX. 
 98, 1 a. 
 
 Spiral Vessels : see Air Vessels. 
 
 Spire, or Spires, town of Bavaria, XV. 275. 
 Bishopric, 2 a. Diets of, XIV. 245, 2 b, 
 246, la; II. 108, 1 b. 
 
 Spire, of Gothic architecture, I. 663, 2 b. 
 Spirifer , fossil shell, III. 177, 2 c. 
 
 Spirit: see Whiskey, XVI. 597, 2 b. Co¬ 
 logne spirit, ib. 
 
 Spiritist , XV. 275, 2 b. Spiritism, 2 be. 
 
 Spirit Lake , county seat, VI. 90, 2 a. 
 
 Spirit of the Gape , seen (in fancy) by Vasco 
 da Gama, and sung by Camoens, VII. 604, 2 b. 
 Spirit-rapping , XV. 276, 1 c. 
 
 Spirit of Salt : see Hydrochloric Acid, IX. 
 108, 2 b. 
 
 Spirits , ardent , adulteration of, I. 133, 2 b. 
 Spirits of amber, I. 382, 1 c. 
 
 Spirits of hartshorn , I. 427, 2 b. 
 
 Spiritual coadjutors , Jesuit, IX. 627, 1 c. 
 
 “ Spiritual Exercises ,” Loyola’s, IX. 627, 1 a, 
 628, 2 a; X. 697, 1 ab. 
 
 Spiritualism, XV. 275 ; VIII. 478,1 c (Harris, 
 Thomas Lake). Manifestations, 777, 1 be 
 (Home, Daniel Dunglas). 
 
 Spiritus , or flatus : see Gas, VII. 632, 2 b. 
 Spiritus asper, in Greek, VIII. 209, 2 a. 
 Spiritus chloroformi : see Chloric Ether. 
 Spiritus lenis, in Greek, VIII. 209, 1 c. 
 Spirting , young herring, VIII. 697, 1 ab; XV. 
 112, 2 a. 
 
 Spirogyra [spe-roj'-e-ra], (botany), I. 300, 2 a. 
 Spirol: see Carbolic Acid, III. 768, 1 ab. 
 Spithead, roadstead of, XIII. 736, 1 b; XVI. 
 618, 2 c. 
 
 Spits, of sandy beach, I. 339, 1 b. 
 
 Spitzbergen, group of Arctic islands, XV. 278. 
 Climate and vegetation, 279, 1 c. Animals, 
 ib. Minerals, ib. Sovereignty of, 2 a. His¬ 
 tory, ib. 
 
 Spitz Dog, XV. 279 (ill.). 
 
 Spitzkasten , in metallurgy, XI. 423, 2 a. 
 Spitzlutten, in metallurgy, XI. 423, 2 a. 
 
 Spix (Johann Baptist von, 1781-1826, of Mu¬ 
 nich, author of works on zoology, and on 
 
 Brazil and its natural history), his expedi¬ 
 tion to Brazil referred to, XI. 213, 2 ab. 
 His anatomical theory, XIII. 423, 1 c. 
 
 Spiza [shpe'-za], variety of salt, XIV. 573, 2 b. 
 Spi'za (ornithology), VII. 192, 2 c. S. ciris, 
 ib .; amcena, 193, 1 b; cyanea, 1 c. 
 
 Spizaetus (ornithology), VI. 350, 1 a. S. or- 
 natus, ib. 
 
 Spizella (ornithology), XV. 229, 2 ab. S. so- 
 cialis, ib. 
 
 Splanchnoskeleton (anatomy), XIII. 424, 1 a. 
 Spleen (anatomy), XV. 280 (ill.). Splenic 
 artery, 1 c; plexus, ib .; corpuscles, 2 a. 
 Splints, disease of horses, XVI. 333, 2 b. 
 Splints, in basket making, II. 366, 1 b. 
 
 Split, in faro, VII. 89, 1 be. Splits, 2 b. 
 Splugen pass [splii'-ghen], Alps, road over, I. 
 354, 2 b. 
 
 Spodos, furnace calamine, XVI. 818, 2 c. 
 Spoffoed, Harriet Elizabeth, American au¬ 
 thoress, XV. 280. 
 
 Spohr, Ludwig [spore], German composer, XV. 
 280. 
 
 Spokane river, IX. 166, 2 c. 
 
 Spolatum: see Spalato. 
 
 Spoletium: see Spoleto. 
 
 Spoleto [spo-la'-to], city of Italy, XV. 281. 
 Spoliations, French, indemnity for, I. 104, 2 c. 
 Sponge [spunj], XV. 281. Formation of, 1 c 
 (ill.). Varieties of texture and form, 2 be. 
 Propagation, 2 c. Sponge attached to rock 
 (ill.), 282. Sponges of commerce, 1 c. 
 Bleaching, 2 a. Fossil, 2 ab. See Haeckel, 
 VIII. 372, 2 ab, c; Scolithus, XIV. 696, 1 a. 
 Sponge, throwing up the, in the prize ring, XIV. 
 74, 1 b. 
 
 Spongia, XV. 282, 1 be (Sponge). 
 
 Spongida, XV. 281, 1 be (Sponge). 
 
 Spongilla, XV. 281, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Spongioles [spon'-je-oles], of plant roots, XIII. 
 580, 1 a. 
 
 Sponsalia, Roman betrothals, II. 597, 2 b. 
 Sponsors, in baptism, II. 290, 2 c. 
 Spontaneous Combustion : see Combustion, 
 Spontaneous. 
 
 Spontaneous Generation, XV. 282. Cases 
 regarded as such by Greek naturalists, 2 be; 
 refutation of, 283, 1 a. Infusoria, 1 be, 2 c. 
 Internal parasites, 2 ab. Evolution, 284, 
 2 a. Later researches on infusoria, 2 be. 
 See Bacterium, Pasteur, and Embryology, 
 VI. 560, 2 a-c. 
 
 Spontini, Gasparo Luigi Pacifico [spon-te'-ne], 
 Italian composer, XV. 285; XII. 92, 1 c. 
 
SPOONBILL 
 
 SQUIKREL 
 
 711 
 
 Spoonbill, wading bird, XV. 285 (ill.). Ro¬ 
 seate, 2 ah ; European, 28G, 1 a (ill., 285). 
 Spoonwood, IX. 737, 2 a. 
 
 Sporades [spo'-ra-deez], Grecian islands, XV. 
 286 ; V. 604, 2 b. 
 
 Sporangia , of ferns,VII. 149, 2 c; of licliens, 
 X. 409, 1 c. 
 
 Sporendone'ma mus'cce (botany), VII. 528, 2 b. 
 Spores , of ferns, VII. 149, 2 c; of fungi, 529, 
 
 1 ab; of lichens, X. 409 1 c (ills.). 
 
 Sporus , nickname, VIII. 703, 2 a. 
 
 Spot, or spot ball, in billiards, II. 642, 1 be. 
 
 “ Spot resolutions ,” the , X. 490, 2 b. 
 Spotswood, John, Scottish prelate, XV. 286. 
 Spotted cowbane , plant, IV. 577, 2 a. 
 
 Spotted Fever : see Fevers, VII. 168, 2 c. 
 Spottsylvania, county, XV. 286. 
 Spottsylvania Court House, Battles at: see 
 Wilderness, XVI. 621, 2 c. 
 
 Sprague, Charles, American poet, XV. 286. 
 Sprague, William Buell, clergyman, XV. 286. 
 (Hied 1876.) 
 
 Sprat, fish, XV. 287. English, 1 b. Sardines, 
 1 be. Lantern sprats, V. 533, 2 b. 
 
 Sprat, Thomas, English prelate, XV. 287. 
 
 “ Spread eagle" in stock dealing, XV. 388, 2 b. 
 Sprengel, Kurt [spreng'-el], German physician, 
 XV. 287. 
 
 Sprenger, Aloys, orientalist, XV. 287. 
 
 Spring, season of the year, XV. 287. 
 
 Spring, Samuel, American clergyman, XV. 
 
 287. Gardiner, clergyman, 2 c. 
 
 Spring beauty , plant, XIV. 96, 1 ab. 
 
 Spring beetle, VII. 213, 1 b. Lightning spring 
 beetle, 1 be. Larvae of, XVI. 678, 1 c. 
 Springbok, antelope, XV. 288 (ill.). 
 
 Springer , spaniel, XV. 228, 1 c. 
 
 Springfield, city of Massachusetts, XV. 288. 
 
 United States armory, 2 ab. 
 
 Springfield, city of Ohio, XV. 289. Spring- 
 field seminary, 2 b. Wittenberg college, ib. 
 Springfield, capital of Illinois, XV. 289. 
 State capitol, 290, 1 b (ill., 289). Lincoln 
 monument, 1 be (ill.). 
 
 Springfield, town of Missouri, XV. 290. 
 Springfield, county seats, VI. 448, 2 c ; X. 482, 
 1 a; 545, 1 a; XIV. 356, 2 c; XVI. 475,1 a. 
 Springfield presbytery, IV. 545, 1 c. 
 
 Spring gun , lawful use of, VIII. 783, 1 c. 
 Spring herring, fish so called, I. 275, 1 c. 
 Spring Place, county seat, XII. 61, 2 ab. 
 Springs, mineral: see Mineral Springs. 
 Sprinhling, as a form of Christian baptism, II. 
 290, 2 a, b. 
 
 Spritsail, referred to, XIV. 857, 1 c. 
 
 Spruce, name for coniferous trees, XV. 290. 
 Black, or double, 2 c (ill.). White, or single, 
 
 291, 1 b. Menzies’s, 1 c! Engelmann’s, 2 a. 
 Patton’s, 2 c. Norway, ib. (ill.). Himalayan, 
 
 292, 1 be. 
 
 Spruce partridge, VIII. 270, 2 c. 
 
 Spurge, plant, XIV. 96, 1 ab. 
 
 Spurgeon, Charles Haddon, English preacher, 
 XV. 292. Spurgeon’s tabernacle, X. 598, 2 b. 
 Spurges, family of plants, VI. 777, 1 a. 
 
 Spurred rye, VI. 708, 1 c (ill.); XIV. 504, 2 a. 
 Spuezheim, Johann Gaspar [spoorts'-liime], 
 German phrenologist, XV. 292. 
 
 Sputa, morbid expectorations, III. 310, 1 be. 
 Spuyten Duyvel [spi'-ten di'-vel], village in 
 New York city, XII. 374, 1 b. Creek, ib., 
 373, 2 be; VI. 380, 2 a. 
 
 Spy, in war, XV. 292. 
 
 Spy glass , XV. 622, 2 b (Telescope). 
 
 Squali, division of sharks, XIV. 827, 1 b. 
 Squalus borealis (ichthyology), VIII. 233, 2 c. 
 Squama'ta, referred to, II. 723, 2 ab (Blind- 
 worm). 
 
 Square, of an anchor, I. 465, 1 a. 
 
 Square, in mathematics, XIV. 423, 1 a. 
 Squash, plant, XV. 293. Summer squashes, 
 
 1 c (ills., crook-neck and scalloped). Late 
 varieties, 2 b (ill., Hubbard). 
 
 SQUAsn Bug, XV. 294 (ill.); VIII. 629, 2 ab. 
 Squati’na an'gelus (ichthyology), I. 493, 1 a 
 (ill.). S. Humerili, 2 a. 
 
 Squeteague: see Weak Fish. 
 
 Squid, mollusk, XV. 294. Common squid of 
 New England, 2 a; of Great Britain, 2 ab 
 (ill.). Gigantic squids, 2 be. 
 
 Squier, Ephraim George [skwire], American 
 archaeologist, XV. 295. 
 
 Squill, drug and plant, XV. 295 (ill.). 
 
 Squill, crustacean, XV. 296 (ill.)* Sooth¬ 
 sayer, 1 b. 
 
 Squilla (botany), XV. 295, 2 a. 
 
 Squilla (zoology), XV. 296, 1 a. S. mantis, 
 
 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Squinting, optical deformity, XV. 296. 
 
 Squire: see Esquire. 
 
 Squirrel, XV. 297. Fox squirrel, 2 a, b, c. 
 Gray variety, 2 ab. Black, 2 ab, c. Cat 
 squirrel, 2 b. Common gray, 2 c (ill., 298)„ 
 California gray, 298, 1 b. Eed or Hudson 
 bay, 1 c. Common European, ib. (ill.). 
 Malabar, 2 b.—Ground, striped, or cheep¬ 
 ing squirrel: see Chipmunk. Siberian squir¬ 
 rel, fur of, VII. 539, 1 a. 
 
712 
 
 SQUIRREL 
 
 STANDARDS 
 
 Squirrel, Flying: see Flying Squirrel, and 
 XIII. 379, 2 b. 
 
 Squirrel Corn : see Dicentra, VI. 87, 1 a. 
 Squirrel hake, fish, VIII. 385, 2 c. 
 
 Squitch , grass, V. 420, 2 b. 
 
 Sramana [sra-ma'-na], in Buddhism, III. 394, 
 
 1 b. Sramanas (sense-tamers), 400, 2 a. 
 
 St., prefix : see Saint, Saint. 
 
 Staal, Marguerite Jeanne Cordier de Launay 
 de, baroness [dull stal], French writer, XV. 
 298. 
 
 Stabat Mater [sta'-bat ma'-ter], hymn, author 
 of, VII. 427, 1 a. Composers of music for, 
 II. 40, 2 c; 769, 2 ab; XIII. 9, 2 ab ; 291, 
 
 2 b (also Haydn, Rossini, and many others). 
 Stabice, city of ancient Italy, IV. 68, 2 c. 
 Stables of Solomon, so called, IX. 615, 2 a. 
 Stade [sta'-deh], town of Prussia, XV. 298. 
 
 Elbe dues, 299, 1 a. 
 
 Stadium, ancient arena and measure, XV. 299. 
 Stadtholder, Dutch official title, XV. 299. 
 Stael-Holstein, Anne Louise Germaine X ecker 
 de, baroness [duh sta-el ul-sta ng ], French au¬ 
 thoress, XV. 299. Characterization, 300,1 c. 
 Staempfli, Jakob [stemp'-fle], Swiss states¬ 
 man, XV. 300. 
 
 Staff, in music, XII. 77, 1 a, 2 b. 
 
 Staffa, island of Scotland, XV. 300. 
 Stafford, two counties, XV. 301. 
 
 Stafford, town of England, XV. 301. 
 Stafford, Henry, duke of Buckingham: see 
 Buckingham, Earls and Dukes of, III. 385, 
 2 c. Edward, ib. 
 
 Stafford, William Howard, viscount, XV. 
 301. Accused by Titus Oates, 2 a. Exe¬ 
 cuted, 2 b. 
 
 Stafford, Miss: see Crebillon, V. 469, 2 c. 
 Stafford C. R., county seat, XV. 301, 1 b. 
 Staffordshire, county of England, XV. 301. 
 Staff tree, XVI. 517, 2 c. 
 
 Stag, red deer of Europe, XV. 301 (ill., 302). 
 Stag or hart, 302, 1 be. Hind, ib. See 
 Wapiti, XVI. 447, 1 a. 
 
 Stag Beetle, XV. 302 ; IT. 477, 1 be (ill.). 
 European, XV. 302, 1 c (ill.). Other names, 
 2 a. Larvaa of, 2 b. Largest New England 
 species (horn bug), 2 c; larvae, ib. 
 Stage-coach travelling (English), in the 17th 
 and 18th centuries, IV. 723, 1 c. 
 
 Stage scenery, movable, inventor of, II. 608, 1 b. 
 Staggered tubes, in a steam boiler, XV. 332, 1 c. 
 Staggers, disease in sheep, VI. 666, 2 ab. 
 
 Stag Hound : see Hound, IX. 11, 2 b. 
 Stagi'ra, town of Macedonia, XV. 302. 
 
 Stagirite, the [staj'-e-rite], I. 705, 2 c. 
 
 Stagirus : see Stagira. 
 
 Stagnelius, E. J., Swedish poet, XV. 515, 1 b. 
 Stahl, Friedrich Julius [stal], German jurist, 
 XV. 303. 
 
 Stahl, Georg Ernst, chemist, XV. 303. See 
 Chemistry, IV. 360, 1 b, 2 a; 361, 2 ab, b; 
 362, 2 c; 363, 1 a, b; Medicine, XI. 351, 
 1 ab. His theory of heat, VIII. 567, 2 b; 
 of inflammation, IX. 274, 2 c. 
 
 Stahr, Adolf Wilhelm Theodor, author, XV. 
 
 303. (Died 1876.) 
 
 “ Stained drawings ,” XVI. 500, 2 b. 
 
 Stainer, Jacob [sti'-ner], violin maker, XVI. 
 365, 2 c. 
 
 Stair, Lord : see Dalrymple. 
 
 Stair, master of (title of John Dalrymple dur¬ 
 ing his father’s life), VIII. 31, 2 a (twice). 
 See Dalrymple, V. 647, 1 b. 
 
 Staked plain: see Llano Estacado (Index). 
 Stakeholder, XIII. 200, 1 b (Payment). 
 
 Stake nets, in shad fishing, XIV. 807, 2 b. 
 Stalac'tites and stalag'mites (pendent and de¬ 
 posited concretions formed by dripping cal¬ 
 careous matter): see Antiparos, Mammoth 
 Cave, XI. 85, 2 c, and Wyandotte Cave. 
 Stale {to go stale), in prize ring, XIV. 75, 2 a. 
 Stalime'ne, Stalimni : see Lemnos. 
 
 Stambul [stam-booF]: see Constantinople. 
 Stamens, of a plant, XIII. 585, 1 ab, c (ills.); 
 586, 2 be. 
 
 Stamford, town of Connecticut, XV. 303. 
 Stammering, XV. 303. Causes of, 2 c. Stut¬ 
 tering, 304, 1 a; occasion of it, ib. Treat¬ 
 ment, 1 be. 
 
 Stamp Acts, XV. 304. British stamp act to 
 tax the American colonies, XVI. 154, 2 b; 
 VII. 707,2 a. Opposition to, XVI. 154,2 c, ff.; 
 XII. 731, 1 c; I. 85, 1 b; VIII. 662, 2 be; 
 X. 291, 1 be. Referred to, XIV. 369, 1 a. 
 Repeal of, XVI. 155,1 ab. 
 
 Stdmpfli : see Staempfli. 
 
 Stamping, in gold mining, VIII. 84, 2 a. Stamp 
 mills, ib. 
 
 Stanchio [stan'-ke-o]: see Cos. 
 
 Standard : see Flag. 
 
 Standard, as applied to coins, V. 24, 2 ab. For 
 gold and silver in the United States, ib. ; in 
 Great Britain, 2 b. 
 
 “ Standard inscription ,” of Nebuchadnezzar, 
 II. 187, 1 a; 189, 2 a. 
 
 Standard parallel, in U. S. surveys, XV. 491,2 a. 
 Standards of weight and measure, XVI. 537, 
 
 I 2c; English, 538, 2 b; American, 540, 1 c ,* 
 
STANDERATII 
 
 STARLING 
 
 713 
 
 French, 541, 1 a. International standard 
 commission, 542, 1 c. 
 
 Stdnderath [sten'-dSh-rat], Swiss council, XV. 
 528, 1 a. 
 
 Standisii, Miles, New England soldier, XV. 
 304. Ilis courtship by proxy: see Alden, 
 John. 
 
 Standish hill , Duxbury, Mass., YI. 335, 1 a. 
 
 Stand pipe, of gas works, VII. 636, 2 be; of 
 water works, XYI. 510, 1 c. 
 
 Stanfield, Clarkson, English painter, XY. 304. 
 
 Stanford , county seat, X. 488, 1 a. 
 
 Stanford, John, American clergyman, XV. 305. 
 
 Stanhope, James, earl [stan'-up], British states¬ 
 man, XY. 305. Charles, 3d earl, 2 a. His 
 process of stereotyping, XIII. 850, 1 c; 
 printing press, 851, 2 c (ill., 852). Philip 
 Henry, 5th earl, author, XY. 305, 2 ab. His 
 humanity to Ivaspar Hauser, VIII. 515,1 a. 
 
 Stanhope, Lady Hester Lucy, XY. 305. 
 
 Stanhope, Philip Dormer : see Chesterfield. 
 
 Stani [sta'-ne], a nomadic band, I. 55, 1 be. 
 
 Stan'islas I. Leszczynski [lesh-chin'-ske], king 
 of Poland, XY. 306; II. 116, 1 b. 
 
 Stanislas Augustus, king of Poland : see Po- 
 niatowski, and Poland, XIII. 647, 1 c. 
 Referred to, VII. 681, 2 ab. 
 
 Stanislaus, county, XY. 306. 
 
 Stanko : see Cos. 
 
 Stanley, two counties, XY. 306. 
 
 Stanley , colony, Falkland islands, VII. 73, 2 c. 
 
 Stanley, Arthur Penrhyn, English clergyman, 
 XY. 307. 
 
 Stanley, Edward Henry Smith, lord: see 
 Derby, earl. 
 
 Stanley, Henry M., American traveller, XY. 
 307 ; X. 548, 2 b. See Lualaba (Index). 
 
 Stanley, Thomas, English author, XY. 308. 
 
 Stanley house , Chester, Eng., IY. 388, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Stannate , sodic , XY. 759, 2 c. 
 
 Stanniferous enamel , for pottery, XIII. 781,1 c, 
 782, 1 b. Origin of the term, 778, 1 c. 
 
 Stannine , mineral, XY. 760, 1 c. Stannite, ib. 
 
 Stannius (II.), his classification of reptiles, VIII. 
 694, 1 c. 
 
 Stannous chloride , XY. 759, 2 b. 
 
 Stannum: see Tin, XY. 759, 1 c, 760, 1 b. 
 
 Stanstead, county, XV. 308. Capital, 1 ab. 
 
 Stanton, two counties, XV. 308. 
 
 Stanton , county seats, XI. 776, 2 c; XIII. 
 795, 2 c; XY. 308, 1 b. 
 
 Stanton, Edwin McMasters, American states¬ 
 man, XY. 308. Attorney general and sec¬ 
 retary of war, 2 a. See IX. 661, 1 be, ff. 
 
 Stanwix , Fort , XIY. 401, 2 b. 
 
 Stanze of Raphael [stan'-dza], XIY. 206,1 a, AT.; 
 XYI. 272, 1 c. 
 
 Stapelia (botany), referred to, XI. 546, 2 b. 
 Stapelia mixta, humorous writings, YII.107,1 be. 
 Sta'pes , of the ear, YI. 351, 1 c. 
 
 Staphylor'aphy , surgical operation, XII. 817, 
 2 c; VIII. 459, 2 be. 
 
 Staples process , for preparing morphia, XII. 
 648, 2 c. 
 
 Stapss (Friedrich, 1792-1809, shot Oct. 17), 
 would-be assassin of Napoleon (at Schon- 
 brunn), III. 43, 2 c. 
 
 Star, XV. 308. Constellations, 2 c. Desig¬ 
 nations of stars, ib. Magnitudes, 309, 1 b. 
 Color, 310, 1 c. Double and multiple star 
 systems, 2 a. Variable stars, 311,1 a. Tem¬ 
 porary and new, 2 b. Motion of, 312, 1 b; 
 star drift, 313, 1 b. Constitution of the si¬ 
 dereal heavens, 1 c. Star gauging and stel¬ 
 lar distribution, 2 a, ff.—Influence of stars on 
 the earth’s temperature, XI. 433, 2 ab; of 
 shooting stars, 2 be. Acceleration of, I. 
 56, 1 a. First designated by Greek letters, 
 II. 407, 2 b; XY. 308, 2 c. Falling stars, 
 XI. 430, 2 b. 
 
 Starch, XV. 317. Starch granules, 2 ab, ff. 
 (ills.). Manufacture, 318, 2 a. Uses, 319,2 a; 
 in diet, YI. 103, 1 a. Animal starch, XY. 
 319, 2 ab.—Starch gum, YI. 65, 2 a; III. 
 259, 1 c. Starch sirup (liquid honey), II. 
 313, 2 b. Iodide of starch, XII. 777, 2 b. 
 Star Chamber, Court of the, XY. 319; YI. 
 623, 2 c. Cruel sentence of: see Prynne, 
 XIY. 57, 2 ab. 
 
 Star City , county seat, X. 487, 2 b. 
 
 Star coral , Y. 540, 2 c (ill., 539). 
 
 Star Fish, XY. 320. Feather star, 2 c. Com¬ 
 mon star fish, 321, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Star and Garter hotel , Richmond, Eng., XIY. 
 322, 2 c. 
 
 Stare , bird : see Starling. 
 
 Stargard [star'-gart], town of Prussia, XY. 
 
 321. Preussisch Stargard [proi'-sisli], 1 c. 
 Stargazer, fish, XY. 321. Mediterranean, 
 2 ab (ill.), &c. 
 
 Star jelly ( nostoc ), species of algse, I. 299, 1 c. 
 Stark, two counties, XY. 321. 
 
 Stark, John, American soldier, XY. 322; II. 
 
 532, 2 a. See Bunker Hill, III. 436, 1 c, ff. 
 Starke, county, XY. 322. 
 
 Starhville , county seats, X. 289, 2 a; XII. 
 608, 1 b. 
 
 Starling, bird, XY. 322. Common, 323,1 a (ill.). 
 
714 
 
 STARNAENAS 
 
 STEAM 
 
 Starnoe'nas (ornithology), XIII. 506, 2 c. S. 
 cyanocephala, ib. 
 
 Star of Bethlehem, plant, XV. 323 (ill.). 
 
 Star of South Africa , diamond, VI. 74, 1 b; 
 I. 168, 1 b. Star of the South, Brazilian 
 diamond, VI. 75, 1 c. 
 
 Starovertzi , Russian religious sect, XIV. 485,1 c. 
 Starr, county, XV. 323. 
 
 “ Stars and bars : ” see Flag, VII. 252, 1 a. 
 
 “ Star-Spangled Banner, Thef patriotic song, 
 IX. 816, 2 a; II. 253, 1 a. 
 
 Starvation : see Abstinence. 
 
 Stasis , of thebloodininflammation, IX. 275,2ab. 
 Stassfurt [stas'-foort], town of Prussia, XV. 
 323. 
 
 State , member of the federal Union, XVI. 160, 
 
 1 c, If., 2 c; 161,1 b. Dates of admission, &c., 
 119 (table). See Constitutional Conven¬ 
 tion, V. 279, 2 be. State constitutions: see 
 the several states. State rights : see Nulli¬ 
 fication, and articles there referred to. Con¬ 
 flict of state and federal authority, X.408,1 b. 
 Limitation of state jurisdiction, XV. 565,1 be. 
 
 State, sovereign , definition of, X. 223, 2 ab. 
 Rights of, 2 b; 224, 1 a, b, 2 be; 225, 1 c, 
 
 2 a. Exclusive jurisdiction, extent of, 224,1 b. 
 Staten Island, New York, XV. 323. Sailors’ 
 
 Snug Harbor, &c., 2 c. 
 
 Statenville , county seat, VI. 390, 1 c. 
 
 Stater, gold , of Miletus, XII. 535, 2 c (ill., 536) ; 
 of Sardis, 536, 1 a (ill.). Persian stater, or 
 daric, 1 ab (ill.). Grecian staters, V. 32, 1 c. 
 Statera , Roman balance, II. 234, 2 a. 
 Statesborough , county seat, III. 428, 2 b. 
 
 States of the Church : see Papal States. 
 States General, in France, XV. 323 ; VII. 
 385, 1 b; measures of, X. 97, 2 c. Of the 
 Netherlands, XV. 324, 2 a; XII. 245, 2 ab, 
 246, 2 c. 
 
 Statesville , county seat, IX. 348, 1 b. 
 
 Statics: see Mechanics, XI. 315, 2 c. 
 
 Station houses , on railroads, XIV. 182, 1 c. 
 Stationing committee , Methodist, XI. 453, 1 a. 
 Statistics, XV. 324. Vital statistics, 2 c. 
 Statius, Cmcilius: see C^ecilius Statius. 
 Statius, Publius Papinius, Roman poet, XV. 
 
 325 ; X. 197, 2 a. 
 
 Statuary : see Sculpture. 
 
 Statute of Frauds : see Frauds, Statute of, 
 and XIV. 736, 1 b. 
 
 “ Statute of Kilkenny ,” IX. 357, 2 b. 
 
 Statute of the merchants , I. 78, 1 c. 
 
 Statute of uses, IV. 258, 2 be; II. 310, 2 b. 
 Statute of Westminster (mortmain), XI. 853, 2 b. 
 
 Statutes of Limitation: see Limitation, Stat¬ 
 utes of. 
 
 Statutum Mercatorum, I. 78, 1 c. 
 
 Staudenmaier, Franz Anton [stow'-den-ml-er], 
 German theologian, XV. 325. 
 
 Staudlin, Karl Friedrich [stoid-leen'J, German 
 theologian, XV. 325. 
 
 Staujfacher [stowf / -fa- k her], (Werner) : see 
 Grutli, and Melchthal. 
 
 Staujfenberg [stowF-fen-bairg], mountain of 
 the Hartz, VIII. 493, 2 c. 
 
 Staunton, river of Virginia, XV. 325. 
 
 Staunton, city of Virginia, XV. 325. 
 
 Staunton, Sir George Thomas, English author, 
 XV. 325. 
 
 Staunton, Howard, English author, XV. 326. 
 
 Staupitz, Johann von [stow'-pits], German 
 theologian, XV. 326. 
 
 Stavanger [sta-vang'-ger], town of Norway, 
 XV. 326. 
 
 Stavesacre, plant, V. 785, 2 c. 
 
 Stavro'pol, government of Russia, XV. 326. 
 Capital, 1 c. 
 
 Stay, of a crane, V. 458, 2 b. 
 
 Stays, of a ship, XIV. 865, 1 be. 
 
 Stay sails , XIV. 865, 1 c. 
 
 Steam, vapor of water, XV. 326. Conditions 
 of temperature and pressure in its forma¬ 
 tion, 2 a, ff. Temperature of the boiling 
 point, 2 b. Superheated steam, ib. Total 
 heat of steam, 327, 1 a. Thermal unit, 1 c. 
 Steam free from particles of water, ib. Elas¬ 
 tic force, 2 a, ff. Mixture of steam and oth¬ 
 er gas, 328,1 ab. Steam from sea water, ib. 
 Advantage of superheating, 1 c. Properties 
 of steam (tables), 2 a.—Proposed as a motive 
 power in 1690, XIII. 54, 2 b. See Rumsey, 
 XIV. 469, 1 a; Fitch, VII. 243, 2 b; and 
 Fulton, Robert. Application to ships of 
 war, XII. 186, 1 ab. 
 
 Steamboat springs, Nevada, XII. 264, 2 a. 
 
 Steam Boiler, XV. 329. Forms of, 1 ab. Flue 
 boilers, 1 be; Cornish, 1 c, 342, 2 a; Lanca¬ 
 shire, 329, 1 c; fire engine, 2 ab (ill.); loco¬ 
 motive, 2 c (ill., 330) ; marine flue and tube, 
 330, 1 be (ill.) ; water-tubular, 2 b; marine 
 fire-tubular, 2 c (ill.); marine high-pres¬ 
 sure, 331, 1 b (ill.). Sectional boilers, 1 c; 
 Stevens’s, 2 a (ill.); Harrison’s, 332,1 b (ill.); 
 Babcock and Wilcox’s, 1 c (ill.); Root’s, 2 c. 
 Proportions and efficiency, 333, 1 a. Fuel, 
 334, 1 a. Incrustation and deposits, 1 b. 
 Horse power, 1 be. Explosions, causes of, 
 1 c; II. 795, 2 c. Steam blast, XV. 375,1 a. 
 
STEAM 
 
 STEINHEIL 
 
 715 
 
 Steam Carriage, XV. 335. Road locomotives, 
 2 c, ff. (ills.). Railroad locomotives, 337, 
 2 b. British express engine, 338, 1 c (ill.). 
 Steam chimney , XV. 330, 1 b. 
 
 Steam Engine, XV. 339. Early contrivances, 
 
 1 be; Hero’s, ib. (ill.). First practical steam 
 engine (Newcomen’s), 2 be (ill., 340); im¬ 
 provements on, 2 c. Watt’s, 340, 2 a (ill., 
 341). Form of the steam engine, 2 c. Clas¬ 
 sification of engines, 342, 1 a. Leavitt’s 
 pumping, 343, 1 b (ill.) ; Corliss engine, 
 
 2 ab (ill.); Greene, 344,1 b (ill.). American 
 stationary engine, 2 b. Marine steam en¬ 
 gine, 2 be; beam, 2 c (ill.); oscillating, 345, 
 2 c (ills.) ; screw engine, 346, 2 a (ills.); com¬ 
 pound marine, 348, 1 a (ills.). The screw, 
 2 c (ills.). Steam pressure and engine power, 
 350,1 b (ills.). See Steam Navigation, XV. 
 
 353, 1 ab (ill.). 
 
 Steam gun , Perkins’s, XIII. 306, 2 b. 
 
 Steam gun boat , XII. 187, 1 b. 
 
 Steam Navigation, XV. 352. Hulls’s steamer 
 (1736), 2 a (ill.). Fitch’s steamboat (1786), 
 1 c (ill.). John Stevens’s steam engine, boil¬ 
 er, and screws (1804), 353, 1 ab (ill.). The 
 Clermont (1807), 1 c (ill.). Great Eastern, 
 
 354, 2 a (ill.). Steam navigation in New 
 York, act to favor, VII. 526,1 b. See Bell, 
 Henry, Longstreet, William, &c. 
 
 Steampipe, the , geyser in California, VII. 785,2 b. 
 Steam settlers, in salt works, XIV. 579, 2 c. 
 Ste'arates , XV. 355, 1 a. 
 
 Steario Acid, XV. 354; II. 313, 2 b. 
 
 Stearine [ste'-a-rin], XV. 354, 2 c; I. 119, 1 a; 
 X. 170, 1 ab; XII. 605, 1 a. Stearine can¬ 
 dles, III. 698, 2 a. 
 
 Stearns, county, XV. 355. 
 
 Stearoptine [ste-a-rop'-tin], VI. 733, 2 a. 
 Ste'atite : see Talc. 
 
 Steator'nis (ornithology), VIII. 58, 1 be. S. 
 
 Caripensis, 274, 2 c (ilk). 
 
 Steazo'on: see Epizoa, VI. 694, 2 ab. 
 
 Stec'odon , fossil genus, XI. 85, 2 b. 
 
 Stedman, Edmund Clarence, American poet, 
 XV. 355. 
 
 Steel, XV. 355. Elements of, 356, 1 a. Phos¬ 
 phorus steels, 1 ab; silicon steel, 2 b. Com¬ 
 pounds of with metals, 2 c; steel ores, 357, 
 1 a. Mushet’s special steel, 1 c. Chrome 
 steel, 2 a. Classification and manufacture 
 of steels, 2 b. Shear steel, 358, 1 a. Steel 
 direct from the ore, ib. ; from pig iron, 1 be. 
 Puddled steel, ib. Uchatius steel, 2 b. 
 Bessemer steel, 2 c; Bessemer or pneumat¬ 
 
 ic process, ib. (ills.). B6rard process, 362, 
 
 1 c. Steel from wrought iron, 2 a. Martin 
 process, 2 b. Indian steel, or wootz, 363, 
 
 2 ab. Cement steel, 2 c. ' Blister steel, 364, 
 
 1 a. Mackintosh or Baron steel, 1 c; Bar¬ 
 on process, ib. —Properties and treatment of, 
 
 2 a. Hardening, tempering, and annealing, 
 2 b. Tungsten and titanium steels, 365, 1 c. 
 Burnt steel, 366, 1 a. Strength of steel, 
 
 1 c. Uses of, 367, 2 c. Production of in 
 the United States, 368, 1 a. —See Iron, IX. 
 367, 2 c; 368, 2 ab ; 390, 2 a; 400, 2 a ; 403, 
 
 2 a. Indian method of carbonizing: see 
 Damascus Blades, V. 654,1 b, c. Lamina¬ 
 ted, for gun barrels, VII. 357, 1 a. 
 
 Steele, county, XV. 368. 
 
 Steele, Sir Richard, British author, XV. 368. 
 Steel Engraving : see Engraving, VI. 653,2 b. 
 Steel mills , for light, in coal mines, V. 66, 1 b. 
 Steelville , county seat, V. 466, 1 b. 
 
 Steelyard : see Balance, II. 234, 2 a; XVI. 
 537, 1 b. 
 
 Steen, Jan [stain], Dutch painter, XV. 368. 
 Steenbock , Gen. (Magnus, 1664-1717, Swedish 
 commander-in-chief), barbarity of, I. 363,1 c. 
 Steeple bush , plant, XV. 274, 2 a. 
 Steeple-chasing , in horse races, XVI. 50, 2 c. 
 Steering Apparatus, XV. 369. 
 
 Steevens, George, English editor, XV. 369. 
 Ste/anovitch [sta-fa-no'-vicli], Servian conspira¬ 
 tor, I. 288, 2 a. 
 
 Steffens, Heinrich, German author, XV. 369. 
 Stegano'pus (ornithology), XIII. 380, 1 c. 
 Steier: see Steyer. 
 
 Steilacoom [sti-la-koom'J, county seat, XIII. 
 501, 2 c. 
 
 Stein, Charlotte Albertine Ernestine von [stine], 
 baroness, XV. 370. 
 
 Stein, Heinrich Friedrich Karl, baron, Ger¬ 
 man statesman, XV. 369. Policy of reforms 
 in Prussia, VIII. 452, 2 ab. 
 
 Stein, Karl, baron : see Altenstein. 
 
 Stein, Lorenz, political economist, XV. 370. 
 Steinbach, Erwin von [stine'-ba k h], architect, 
 IV. 118, 2 be. 
 
 Steinbart (Gottliilf Samuel, 1738-1809, Ger¬ 
 man clergyman and philosopher), referred 
 to, XI. 812, 2 c. 
 
 Steinbock : see Ibex, IX. 142, 2 c. 
 
 Steinbok , I. 545, 2 a (Antelope). 
 
 Steinheil [stine'-hile], (Karl August, 1801-’70, 
 professor at Munich, organizer of telegraph 
 systems in Bavaria, Austria, and Switzer¬ 
 land), telegraph of, XV. 611, 2 ab. 
 
716 
 
 STEIKLE 
 
 STERNBERG 
 
 Steinle, Johann Eduard [stine'-leh], German 
 painter, XV. 370. 
 
 Steinthal, Ileymann [stine'-tal], philologist, 
 XV. 370. 
 
 Stein zum Altenstein, Baron non: see Alten- 
 stein, Karl. 
 
 Stella: see Swift, XV. 522,1 a. 
 
 Stellceburgum, observatory, VIII. 710, 1 be. 
 
 Steller (Georg Wilhelm, l709-’45, physician and 
 naturalist), XI. 89, 2 c. 
 
 Stellera (zoology), XI. 89, 2 c. 
 
 Stellerine [stel'-ler-in], referred to, I. 513, 2 a. 
 
 Stellio, genus of lizards, XV. 370. Mentioned 
 by Pliny, VII. 656, 1 c. 
 
 Stelmatop'oda, XI. 724, 2 b (Molluscoids). 
 
 Stem, of plants, XIII. 576, 2 c; 579, 1 b. En¬ 
 dogenous, 580, 2 be. Perfoliate, X. 266, 1 a. 
 
 Stemmat'opus (zoology), XIV. 732, 2 c. S. cris- 
 tatus, 733, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Stendhal [sta ng -dal]: see Beyle, and Carpani, 
 IV. 17, 2 a. Conjectured original of bis 
 duchess of San Severino, II. 487, 2 b. 
 
 Steneosaurus, fossil crocodile, VII. 651, 2 a. 
 
 Steno, Michele , VII. 71, 2 b (Falieri). 
 
 Steno, Nicolas [sta'-no], Danish anatomist, 
 XV. 370. Steno’s duct, 371, 1 a; XIV. 566, 
 
 1 a. Referred to, XI. 589, 1 b. His views 
 concerning fossil remains, VII. 688, 1 a. 
 
 Stenodac 1 tylus (zoology), VII. 657, 1 a. 
 
 Stenography, XV. 371. See Phonography. 
 
 Stenops (zoology), X. 339, 1 c. S. potto, 641, 
 
 2 b; tardigradus, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Stenorhynchus (zoology), XIV. 732, 2 b. 
 
 Stentor, in Grecian legend, XV. 371. Sten¬ 
 torian, ib. 
 
 Steph'anite , silver ore, II. 683, 2 c ; XV. 49, 2 c. 
 
 Stephano'tis floribunda (botany), XI. 546, 2 b. 
 
 Steph'anus: see Stephens, French family. 
 
 Stephen [ste'-ven], Saint, XV. 371. 
 
 Stephen, name of ten popes, XV. 371. I., 
 Saint, 1 b. III., 1 c. X., Frederick of Lor¬ 
 raine, 2 b. 
 
 Stephen, king of England, XV. 371; VI. 607, 2 c. 
 
 Stephen I., Saint, king of Hungary: see Hun¬ 
 gary, IX. 55, 2 b. 
 
 Stephen, king of Poland: see Bathori, and 
 Poland, XIII. 646, 1 be. 
 
 Stephen, Sir James, English statesman, XV. 
 372. James Fitzjames, jurist, 2 b. 
 
 Stephen bell , of the new parliament bouse, X. 
 610, 1 a. 
 
 Stephen of Blois, VI. 607, 2 c. See Stephen, 
 king of England. 
 
 Stephens, county, XV. 372. 
 
 Stephens , classification of insects by, VI. 6G2, 
 
 1 ab. 
 
 Stephens, French family of printers, XV. 372. 
 Henry, its founder, 2 c. Robert, 373, 1 a. 
 Henry, 1 be. Paul, 1 c. Anthony, 2 a. 
 Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, American 
 statesman, XV. 373. 
 
 Stephens, Ann Sophia, American authoress, 
 XV. 374. 
 
 Stephens, James , Fenian leader, VII. 124,2 b, ft’. 
 Stephens, John Lloyd, American traveller and 
 author, XV. 374. 
 
 Stephenson, county, XV. 374. 
 
 Stephenson, George, English engineer, XV. 
 
 374. His invention of the safety lamp, 375, 
 
 1 a; X. 130, 2 c. His claim disputed, XV. 
 
 375, 1 a. His improved locomotives, 2 a.— 
 Robert, engineer, 375, 2 be. His bridge over 
 the Tweed, II. 587, 1 a. 
 
 Stephensville , county seat, VI. 704, 2 a. 
 
 Steppes , plains of Siberia, XV. 15, 1 ab; of 
 Turkistan, XVI. 66, 2 c, 67, 1 b. Kirghiz 
 steppes, X. 16, 1 a. 
 
 Steps, of a ship, XIV. 863, 2 a. 
 
 Stercorarius (ornithology), XV. 81, 1 b. S. 
 
 catarractes, 1 be (ill.). 
 
 Stercorine , in the faBces, IV. 514, 2 be. 
 Sterculia (botany), VII. 148, 2 c. S. rupestris, 
 III. 145, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Stercus diaboli, drug, I. 802, 1 c. 
 
 Stefreo chrome, in fresco painting, VII. 483,1 b. 
 Stereoch!romy: see Glass, Soluble, VIII. 25,1 a. 
 Stereom'etry, art of measuring solid bodies, VII. 
 700, 1 a. 
 
 Stereoscope, XV. 376 (ills.); XIII. 471, 1 be. 
 Stereotype : see Printing, XIII. 850, 1 a, ff. 
 Stereotype metal, II. 667, 1 a. Invention of 
 stereotyping, XIII. 850, 1 b; VII. 657, 2 b. 
 Sterig'mata, of lichens, X. 410, 1 a. 
 
 Sterlet, fish, XV. 432, 1 a. 
 
 Sterling : see Pound Sterling. Earliest use 
 of the word, XI. 738, 1 c. 
 
 Sterling, city of Illinois, XV. 377. 
 
 Sterling , Edward (1773-1847), referred to, V. 
 767, 2 be. 
 
 Sterling, John (son of Edward), British au¬ 
 thor, XV. 37. Sterling club, 2 c. 
 
 Stern, Daniel [stairn]: see Agoult. 
 
 Sterna (ornithology), XV. 659, 1 b. S. Caspia, 
 1 be; Cayana, 1 c (ill.); fuliginosa, 2 ab; 
 Wilsoni, 2 be; liirundo and macrura, 2 c. 
 
 “ Stern all," in whale fishing, XVI. 582, 2 ab. 
 Sternberg [stairn'-bairg], tow r n of Moravia, 
 XV. 378. 
 
STERNE 
 
 STIMPSON 
 
 717 
 
 Sterne, Laurence, English author, XV. 378. 
 
 His plagiarisms, 1 c. Characterization, 2 b. 
 Sterniiold, Thomas, English writer, XV. 378. 
 
 Version of the Psalms, ib. 
 
 Sternum , breast bone, IV. 387, 1 b; XV. 76 
 (ill., fig. 1, 15). 
 
 Sterrometal , alloy, I. 336, 2 c. 
 
 Stesioii'orus, Greek poet, XV. 378. 
 
 Stet , mark in proof reading, V. 375, 1 be. 
 
 Stet' efeldtite, silver ore, XV. 50, 1 be. 
 Stethoscope: see Auscultation, II. 126, 1 a. 
 Stettin [stet-teen'J, town of Prussia, XV. 379. 
 Steuart, Sir James Denham, Scottish political 
 economist, XV. 379 ; XIII. 668, 1 c. 
 Steu'ben, two counties, XV. 379. 
 
 Steuben, Frederick William Augustus, baron 
 [Ger. stoi'-ben], American soldier, XV. 379. 
 Steubenville, city of Ohio, XV. 380. 
 
 Stevens, four counties, XV. 380. 
 
 Stevens, Abel, American clergyman, XV. 380. 
 Stevens, Alexander Hodgdon,surgeon, XV. 380. 
 Stevens, George Alexander, English author, 
 XV. 381. 
 
 Stevens, John, American inventor, XV. 381. 
 His steam boiler, 331, 2 a (ill.).—Robert 
 Livingston, 381, 1 c. His battery, 2 ab; 
 369, 1 c; IX. 377, 2 be.—Edwin Augustus, 
 XV. 381, 2 a. Stevens institute of tech¬ 
 nology: see Hoboken, VIII. 751, 1 b. 
 Stevens, Joseph [sta'-vence], Belgian painter, 
 XV. 381. Alfred, painter, 2 be. 
 
 Stevens, Tliaddeus, American statesman, XV. 
 381. 
 
 Stevenson , Robert , civil engineer: see Light¬ 
 house, X. 460, 1 c. Alan, 2 c. 
 
 Steven's Point , county seat, XIII. 722, 1 b. 
 Stev'in: see Stevinus. 
 
 Stevi'nus, Simon, Flemish mathematician, XV. 
 382; IX. 115, 2 be. 
 
 Steward, Lord High, in England, XV. 382; 
 
 in Scotland, 1 c. 
 
 Stewart: see Stuart, family. 
 
 Stewart, two counties, XV. 382. 
 
 Stewart, Alexander Turney, American mer¬ 
 chant, XV. 382. (Died 1876.) 
 
 Stewart, Balfour, British physicist, XV. 382. 
 Stewart, Charles, American naval officer, XV. 
 383. 
 
 Stewart, Douglas , assumed name, XV. 172,1 b. 
 Stewart, Dugald, Scottish philosopher, XV. 
 
 383. See Philosophy, XIII. 445, 2 b. 
 Stewart, Lord James , earl of Murray, III. 139, 
 2 ab, c, 140,1 a. See Murray (James Stuart). 
 Stewart, John, English traveller, XV. 384. 
 
 Stewart, Robert Henry, marquis of London¬ 
 derry : see Castlereagh. 
 
 Stewart Island : see New Zealand. 
 
 Steyer [sti'-er], town of Austria, XV. 384. 
 Sthenic and asthenic , in Brown’s and Brous- 
 sais’s theories of disease, III. 337, 2 a. 
 
 Stheno : see Gorgon. 
 
 Stibium (antimony), I. 565, 1 a. 
 
 Stick of buds , for budding, III. 404, 1 a. 
 Stickleback, fish, XV. 384 (ill.). 
 
 Stickney, Sarah: see Ellis, William. 
 Stickney' ) s method , in blasting, II. 697, 2 c. 
 Sticta pulmonacea (botany), X. 408, 2 b (ilk). 
 Stieglitz, Christian Ludwig [steeg'-lits], Ger¬ 
 man author, XV. 384. Heinrich, poet, 2 c. 
 Charlotte, his wife, 2 c: see Mundt, XII. 
 40, 2 b. 
 
 Stieglitz, Ludwig von, Russian banker, XV. 
 
 385. 
 
 Stifelius , inventor of algebraic signs, I. 302,1 a. 
 Stift, division of Norway (also Denmark), XII. 
 506, 2 a. 
 
 Stiftamtmand, governor general, IX. 152, 2 b 
 (Iceland). 
 
 Stig'and, archbishop of Canterbury, I. 279,1 be. 
 Stigma , of a plant, XIII. 585, 2 a; 587, 2 a. 
 Stigmaria : see Coal Plants. 
 
 Stig’mata , legend of the, VII. 424, 1 ab. 
 Stiles, Ezra, American clergyman, XV. 385. 
 Stilicho, Flavius [stil'-e-ko], Roman general, 
 XV. 385; I. 238, 1 a, ff.; XVI. 563, 1 c, 
 2 a, ff. 
 
 Still: see Distillation, VI. 141, 1 a (ill.). 
 Edouard Adam’s, 142, 2 a (ill.); Derosne’s, 
 143, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Stille, Alfred [stil'-le], American physician, 
 XV. 385. Moreton, 386, 1 a. 
 
 Stil'ler Freitag [fri'-ta k h], (Good Friday), VIII. 
 101, 1 a. 
 
 Stillingfleet, Edward, English bishop, XV. 
 
 386. 
 
 Stillingia sebif era (botany), XV. 559,1 ab (ilk). 
 S. sylvatica, 2 be. 
 
 Stillion , of a brewery, III. 261, 1 c. 
 
 Still people: see Fairies, VII. 64, 2 b. 
 Stillwater, N. Y.: see Saratoga, Battle of, 
 XIV. 628, 2 a. 
 
 Stili/water, city of Minnesota, XV. 386. 
 Stillwater, county seat, IV. 568, 1 c. 
 
 Still week, VIII. 776, 1 b (Holy W t eek). 
 
 Stilt, bird, XV. 386 (ilk). 
 
 Stilton cheese, IV. 351, 2 c. 
 
 Stimpson, William, American naturalist, XV. 
 386. 
 
718 
 
 STIMULATION 
 
 STOMACH 
 
 Stimulation: see Narcotics. 
 
 Stinking cedar, tree so called, XV. 807, 2 c. 
 Stinkstein, kind of stone, XVI. 667, 2 c. 
 
 Stipa (botany), VI. 728, 2 b. S. tenacissima, 
 VIII. 167, 1 c. 
 
 Stipe , of fungi, VII. 529, 1 c. 
 
 Stipple engraving , VI. 652, 2 be. 
 
 Stip'ules , of plants, X. 264, 1 c, 266, 1 c; VII. 
 31, 1 a. 
 
 Stirbey, Barbo Demetrius [steer'-ba], (1798- 
 1869), liospodar of Wallachia, XVI. 433, 2 b. 
 Stirling, town of Scotland, XV. 387. 
 
 Stirling, Earl of : see Alexander, William. 
 Stirling, island of (Long Island), I. 287, 1 c. 
 Stirling, Lord , in American history, 1.287, 2 a. 
 Stirling, Sir William (Maxwell), Scottish au¬ 
 thor, XV. 387. (Died 1878.) Lady Stirling- 
 Maxwell: see Norton, Caroline. 
 
 Stirling bridge, battle of XVI. 432, 1 a. 
 Stirlingshire, county of Scotland, XV. 387. 
 Sto'a Basile’ius, site of, II. 59, 2 c. Stoa Eleu- 
 therius, ib. Stoa Pcecile, 60, 1 b. 
 
 Stoat : see Ermine, VI. 716, 1 be. 
 
 Stobas'us, Joannes, Greek compiler, XV. 387. 
 Stock : see Gillielower, VII. 811, 1 ab. 
 
 Stock, of an anchor, I. 465, 2 c. 
 
 Stock , in bookkeeping, III. 80, 2 b. 
 
 Stock, for budding, III. 403, 2 a. In grafting, 
 VIII. 138, 2 c. 
 
 Stock, pledged, rule respecting, XIII. 196, 1 c. 
 Stock, St. Simon, general of the Carmelites, 
 
 XIV. 663, 2 b; XI. 218, 1 b. 
 
 Stockade, in fortification, VII. 328, 1 ab. 
 Stockbridge, town of Massachusetts, XV. 387. 
 
 Stockbridge or Housatonic Indians, 2 b ; XI. 
 701, 1 b; XII. 630, 1 a. 
 
 Stockbridge Bowl, lake, VIII. 536, 1 b. 
 
 Stock broker, XV. 387, 2 c. 
 
 Stock companies, for marine insurance, IX. 
 315, 1 c. 
 
 Stock Exchange, XV. 387. New York stock 
 exchange, 388, 1 a. Peculiar terms, 1 be. 
 Paris bourse, 2 be. London stock exchange, 
 389, 1 a; X. 615, 2 a. 
 
 Stock Fisn: see Cod, IV. 796, 1 be. 
 Stockhardt, Julius Adolf, German chemist, 
 
 XV. 389. 
 
 Stockholm, capital of Sweden, XV. 389. 
 Royal palace, 2 a (ill.). History, 390, 2 ab. 
 “Blood bath of Stockholm,” 2 c. 
 
 Stocking, XV. 390. Stocking frame, 391,1 a; 
 inventor of, ib. ; another, I. 718, 1 b. Knit¬ 
 ting machines, XV. 391, 1 b. Stocking 
 stitch, ib. 
 
 Stock jobber, XV. 387, 2 c. 
 
 Stockmar, Christian Friedrich, baron, German 
 physician, XV. 392. 
 
 Stockport, town of England, XV. 392. 
 
 Stockton, city of California, XV. 392. 
 
 Stockton, county seat, IV. 166, 1 c. 
 
 Stockton, Richard, a signer of the Declaration 
 of Independence, XV. 392. Robert Field, 
 naval officer, 2 c. 
 
 Stockton, Thomas Hewlings, American cler¬ 
 gyman, XV. 393. 
 
 Stockton-tjpon-Tees, town of England, XV. 
 393. 
 
 Stockwerke [stuk'-vair-keh], in tin mines, XV. 
 761, 1 a. 
 
 Stoddard, county, XV. 393. 
 
 Stoddard, Richard Henry, American author, 
 XV. 393. Elizabeth, author, 2 c. 
 
 Stoddard, Solomon, American clergyman, 
 XV. 394. 
 
 Stoddart, Col., English officer, II. 799, 2 be. 
 
 Stoechades [ste'-ka-deez], islands, IX. 130, 2 a. 
 
 Stoerkodder [stor'-kud-der], legendary Norse 
 hero, II. 583, 1 b. 
 
 Stofflet, Nicolas [stuf-fla], (1752—’96), Vendean 
 general, IV. 276, 1 b; XVI. 288, 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 Stoic philosophy, Stoicism: see Stoics; Phi¬ 
 losophy, XIII. 438, 2 b; Moral Philosophy, 
 XI. 809, 2 c. 
 
 Stoics, school of philosophers, XV. 394. See 
 Zeno, and Stoic philosophy (Index). 
 
 Stoker, furnace tender, VII. 636, 1 c. 
 
 Stokes, county, XV. 394. 
 
 Stokes, George Gabriel, British mathematician, 
 XV. 394. Experiments on rays of light, 
 VII. 290, 1 a, ff. 
 
 Stoke-upon-Trent, town of England, XV. 394. 
 
 Stoking, furnace feeding, VII. 636, 1 c. 
 
 Stolberg, Friedrich Leopold, count [stole'- 
 bairg], German poet, XV. 394. Christian, 
 count, 395, 1 be. 
 
 Stolberg- Gedern, Gustavus Adolphus, prince of 
 [-ga'-dern], I. 248, 2 c. Princess Louisa of: 
 see Albany, countess of (Index). 
 
 Stolbova, treaty of, XII. 759, 2 c. 
 
 Stolon, of a plant, XIII. 577, 1 b. 
 
 Stolp : see Stolpe. 
 
 Stolpe [stole'-peh], town of Prussia, XV. 395. 
 
 Stomach (anatomy), XV. 395 (ills.); I. 317, 
 2 c (ill., 318); V. 182, 1 c. Experiments 
 upon its digestive powers: see Beaumont, 
 William. Self-digestion of, XI. 342, 1 c. 
 Stomach of the cicadadse, VIII. 629, 2 c. 
 
 Stomach, Diseases of the, XV. 396. Inflam- 
 
STOMATA 
 
 STRADELLA 
 
 719 
 
 matory, 2 c; structural, 397, 2 a; functional, 
 
 398, 1 a. 
 
 Stom'ata , of a leaf, X. 265, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Stomox'ys (entomology), VI. 130, 1 b. S. cal- 
 citrans, VII. 295, 1 c. 
 
 Stone : see Rocks. Artificial: see Concrete. 
 Stone, disease, XV. 398. Methods of removal, 
 1 c. Solution, ib. Extraction by the ure¬ 
 thra, 2 a. Lithotomy, ib. Lithotripsy, 399, 
 1 ab. 
 
 Stone, three counties, XV. 399. 
 
 Stone, Thomas, a signer of the Declaration of 
 Independence, XV. 399. 
 
 Stone, William Leete, American author, XV. 
 
 399. William Leete, jr., author, 2 c. 
 
 Stone, William Oliver, painter, XV. 400. 
 
 Stone age , in archaeology, I. 185, 2 c; 642, 1 c; 
 
 VII. 195, 2 b. 
 
 Stone Borer, name of several bivalve shells, 
 XV. 400 (ills.); V. 202, 2 a (pholades). 
 Stone Chat, bird, XV. 400 (ill., 401). 
 
 Stone china , XIII. 786, 2 c. 
 
 Stone coal , stone fuel (anthracite), earliest use 
 of, I. 552, 1 ab; 553, 1 a. 
 
 Stone Crop, plant: see Seditm, XIV. 751, 2 a 
 (ill.). Parts of, XIII. 585, 1 a (ills.). 
 
 Stone fort , the , ancient work, XV. 644, 2 a 
 (Tennessee). 
 
 Stone gray , a pigment, XVI. 826, 1 b. 
 Stone'henge, XV. 401 (ill.); IX. 677, 2 c. 
 Stone lilies , referred to, VI. 387, 1 ab. See 
 Crinoidea. 
 
 Stone mountain , Georgia, VII. 718, 1 a; V. 
 748, 1 c; 765, 2 a. 
 
 Stone oxide , a pigment, XVI. 826, 1 b. 
 
 Stone River, Battle of: see Murfreesboro, 
 XII. 55, 1 c. 
 
 Stone of the sibyl , at Delphi, referred to, V. 
 785, 1 c. 
 
 Stonesfeld slate , XII. 641, 2 c (Oolite). 
 
 Stone snipe , bird, XV. 583, 2 ab. 
 
 Stonewall Jackson , sobriquet, IX. 496, 1 c. 
 Stoneware , XIII. 778, 2 c; 783, 1 c. Com¬ 
 mon, 787, 1 a; fine, ib ., 788, 2 b, 790, 2 b. 
 Manufacture of, 787, 2 c (ills.). 
 
 Stonies , American Indians, XII. 503, 2 a. 
 Stonington, town of Connecticut, XV. 401. 
 Stony Point, promontory on the Hudson, XV. 
 
 402. Recapture of the fort of, 1 ab. 
 
 Stool , in layering, X. 240, 2 c. 
 
 Stool of repentance: see Cutty Stool. 
 
 Stoping, in mining, XI. 572, 2 c. 
 
 Stoppage in Transitu, in law, XV. 402. 
 Stopping out , in engraving, VI. 651, 2 c. 
 
 Storax : see Balsams, II. 249, 2 a. 
 
 Storch , A. [stor k h], (Andrei, 1766-1839, profes¬ 
 sor in St. Petersburg, imperial councillor, 
 &c.), on political economy, XIII. 671, 2 a. 
 Storch , or Storch, Nicolaus , a fanatic : see Mun- 
 zer, and Abecedarians. 
 
 Storer , D. R. (David Humphreys, born 1804)., 
 naturalist, IX. 162,1 b. 
 
 Storey, county, XV. 403. 
 
 Stork, bird, XV. 403. White, 2 b (ill.). Black, 
 404, 1 b. American, ib. 
 
 “ Storm and pressure period ,” in German lit¬ 
 erature, X. 25, 1 c, 345, 1 c; VII. 767, 2 a 
 (Sturm- und Drangperiode). 
 
 Storm centre , IX. 82, 1 ab. See Storms. 
 
 Storm cock , XV. 728, 2 a (Thrush). 
 
 Stormont, county, XV. 404. 
 
 Storms, XV. 404. Storm areas, 1 be. Storm 
 centres in the United States, 1 c (chart). 
 Storm warnings, 405, 1 a: see Signal Ser¬ 
 vice, 34, 1 b, and Aeroklinosoope. —Pois¬ 
 son’s or Ferrel’s law of storms, IX. 81, 1 b. 
 Espy’s theory of, VIII. 381, 2 c; referred 
 to, IX. 80, 2 c. See Cyclone, and Hurri¬ 
 cane. 
 
 Stormy cape (cape of Good Hope), VI. 80,1 be; 
 VII. 604, 2 a. 
 
 Storrs, Richard Salter, American clergyman, 
 XV. 406. 
 
 Storthing [stor'-ting], Norwegian legislature, 
 XII. 509, 2 b. 
 
 Story, county, XV. 406. 
 
 Story, Joseph, American jurist, XV. 406. Wil¬ 
 liam Wetmore, sculptor and author, 407,1 a. 
 Story unkare [stor-yoon'-ka-reh], Lappish deity, 
 IX. 164, 2 b. 
 
 Stoth'ard, Thomas, English painter, XV. 407. 
 Charles Alfred, 1 c. 
 
 Stourbridge clay [stur'-brij], (town of Worces* 
 tershire, England; pop. 8,000), IV. 649, 2 c 
 Stove: see Warming and Ventilation, XVI. 
 
 454, 1 b, ff. Whitwell’s, IX. 394, 1 c. 
 
 Stow, Baron, American clergyman, XV. 407. 
 Stow, John, English antiquary, XV. 407. 
 Stowe, Calvin Ellis, American clergyman, XV. 
 
 407. Harriet Elizabeth Beecher: see Beech¬ 
 er, II. 462, 2 b, and XVI. 196, 2 ab. 
 
 Stowell, William Scott, baron, English jurist, 
 XV. 408. 
 
 Strabis'mus : see Squinting, and VII. 46, 2 be. 
 Strabo, Greek geographer, XV. 408 ; VII. 684, 
 1 a. 
 
 Stradella, Alessandro, Italian musician, XV. 
 
 408. 
 
720 
 
 STRADIVARI 
 
 STRENGTH 
 
 Steadivaei, Antonio [stra-de-va'-re], Italian 
 violin maker, XV. 408; XVI. 365, 2 a. See 
 Beegonzi. 
 
 Stradivarius: see Steadivaei (Index). 
 Steaffoed, county, XV. 408. 
 
 Steaffoed, Thomas Wentworth, earl of, Eng¬ 
 lish statesman, XV. 409; IV. 279, 2 b, ff. 
 Steaits Settlements, British colony, XV. 409. 
 Stroke, in ship building, XIV. 863, 1 a; gar- 
 board, 1 b; limber, 1 ab; binding, 1 c. 
 Stealsund [stral'-zoont], town of Prussia, XV. 
 
 410. 
 
 Steamonium: see Datuea, V. 700, 2 a. 
 
 Strand, the , London, X. 594, 2 ab; 619, 1 c. 
 Strandberg,C. W. A. (1818-’77), Swedish poet, 
 XV. 515, 1 c. 
 
 Strand riders , patrol guard, I. 381, 2 b. 
 
 Strand wolf, so called, IX. 101, 2 c. 
 
 Strang, Joseph, Mormon, II. 436, 1 c. 
 
 Steange, Sir Robert, English engraver, XV. 410. 
 Stranger’s fever, I. 59, 2 a (Acclimation). 
 Strangles, disease of horses, XVI. 332, 2 b. 
 Steas'bueg [Ger. strass'-boorg], XV. 410. Ca¬ 
 thedral, 2 a (ill.); IV. 118, 2 be. Gymna¬ 
 sium, VI. 413, 2 ab. 
 
 Strasburg turpentine, VII. 209, 1 be; XVI. 
 77, 1 c. 
 
 Strass, basis for artificial gems, VII. 665, 1 a. 
 Strassburg: see Steasbueg. 
 
 Strategic points, for fortifications, VII. 333, 2 c. 
 Strate'gus, title of Greek general, I. 63, 1 ab; 
 738, 2 ab, b. 
 
 Steatfoed, town of Canada, XV. 411. 
 Steatfoed de Redcliffe, Stratford Canning, 
 viscount, English diplomatist, XV. 411. 
 Steatfoed-upon-Avon, town of England, XV. 
 
 411. Shakespeare’s birthplace and tomb, 
 
 412. 1 a (ills., 411). 
 
 Strathclyde, kingdom of, XIV. 704, 1 b. 
 Strathearn, the flower of: see Oliphant, Caro¬ 
 lina. 
 
 Straths, Scottish glens, XIII. 333, 1 be. 
 Stratiom'ydee (entomology), VI. 129, 2 c. 
 Stratio'mys (entomology), VI. 130, 1 a. 
 Stratiotiki [stra-te-ot'-e-ke], a port of Athens, 
 XIII. 539, 2 ab. 
 
 Stratoni'ce, queen of Syria, XIV. 757, 1 a; I. 
 568, 1 b. 
 
 Stratton, Charles S. (Tom Thumb), II. 324, 1 b. 
 Stratum Malpigliii (anatomy), V. 189, 2 c. 
 Steaubing [strow'-bing], town of Bavaria, XV. 
 412. 
 
 Steauss [stro wee], family of German musicians, 
 XV. 412. 
 
 Steauss, David Friedrich, German theologian, 
 XV. 412. 
 
 Strauss-Durckheim [-doork'-liime], classifica¬ 
 tion of fishes by, IX. 161, 1 a; of reptiles, 
 VIII. 694, 1 be. 
 
 Steaw, XV. 413. Straw plaiting, 1 b. Hats 
 and bonnets, 2 b. Panama hats, 2 c. Use 
 of straw in paper making, XIII. 47, 2 a. 
 
 Steawbeeey, XV. 414. Flowers and fruit, 
 
 1 b (ill.). Species and varieties, 1 c. Al¬ 
 pine, 2 b (ill.). Cultivation, 415, 2 b. 
 
 Strawberry geranium, XIV. 657, 1 a. 
 
 Strawberry Hill, Horace Walpole’s seat, XVI. 
 441, 2 b. 
 
 Strawberry tomato, XIII. 481, 1 b. 
 
 Strawberry tree, I. 639, 2 a (ills.). 
 
 Steays : see Esteays. 
 
 Straznick'y, Dr. E. E., II. 41, 2 b (Astoe Li- 
 beaey). (Died 1876.) 
 
 Steeet, Alfred Billings, American poet,XV.415. 
 
 Street broker, XV. 388, 2 b (Stock Exchange). 
 
 Streghe di Benevento [stra'-ga], witches, II. 522, 
 
 1 c. 
 
 Strehlenau, Niembsch von [neempsh fon stra'- 
 leh-now]: see Lenau. 
 
 Steelitz [stra'-lits]: see Mecklenbueg, XI. 
 331, 2 a. 
 
 Strel'itzes, Russian militia, XIII. 350, 2 a. 
 
 Strength of iron, IX. 372, 1 be. Of iron beams: 
 see Beam. 
 
 Steength of Mateeials, XV. 415. Resistance 
 to external forces, 2 b. Ultimate strength, 
 &c., 2 be. Factor of safety, 2 c. Proof 
 strength, ib. Tensile resistance, or tenacity, 
 416, 1 a. Internal pressure in cylinders, 
 
 1 ab; stays, 1 c; shearing strain, ib. Crush¬ 
 ing, 2 a; formulas for tall columns, 2 b. 
 Collapsing of boiler flues, 417, 1 a. Trans¬ 
 verse strength of beams, 1 b; torsional 
 strength, 2 ab. Resilience, 2 b; extension* 
 of iron, 418, 1 a; of steel, 1 ab. Effects of 
 heating and cooling, &c., 1 be. Indentation, 
 
 2 ab. Proportions of parts, 2 b; bolts and 
 rivet holes, 419, 1 a. Elasticity, 1 b ; mo¬ 
 dulus or coefficient of, 1 c.—Testing ma¬ 
 chines, 2 a. Riehle’s, 2 ab (ill.). Thurs¬ 
 ton’s automatic recording, 420, 1 a (ills.). 
 Characteristic differences of materials, 421, 
 1 be. Internal strain, 2 a. Strain diagrams 
 of metals, 422, 1 a (ill.). Varieties of frac¬ 
 ture, 1 c (ills.). Testing within the limit of 
 elasticity, 424, 1 c. Table of coefficients of 
 resistance, 423. 
 
 Strength of steel, XV. 366, 1 c. 
 
STREPSILAS 
 
 STIJHL-W*EISSENBURG 
 
 721 
 
 Strep'silos (ornithology), XVI. 76, 2 be. S. 
 interpres, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Stretcher and header (or hinder ), in bricklay¬ 
 ing, III. 269, 1 be. 
 
 Striae , in glass, VIII. 20, 2 b. 
 
 Striatella arcuata (botany), VI. 85, 1 a. 
 
 Stride, layer of flax, VII. 265, 1 be. 
 
 Strickland, Agnes, English authoress, XV. 424. 
 
 Strickland, William Peter, American clergy¬ 
 man, XV. 424. 
 
 Strigil [strij'-il], scraper for the skin, II. 884,1 b. 
 
 Strigi'nae (ornithology), XII. 752, 1 be. 
 
 Strigops (ornithology), XII. 756, 1 c. S. ha- 
 broptilus, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Strikes, of working men, IX. 321, 2 c, 322, 
 2 b; XV. 835, 2 a, If. 
 
 String , the, in billiards, II. 642, 1 c. Stringing 
 for the lead, ib. 
 
 Stringham, Silas Horton, American naval offi¬ 
 cer, XV. 425. 
 
 Striso'res, suborder of birds, XV. 425. 
 
 Strix (ornithology), XII. 752, 1 be. S. pratin- 
 cola, 1 c (ill.); flammea, 2 b. 
 
 Strob'ila, young jelly fish (ill.), IX. 601. 
 
 StroTcr, Great, geyser of Iceland, VII. 784,1 a. 
 Little, 1 ab. 
 
 Strole, Henry, explorer, V. 107, 2 c. 
 
 Strombocarpa (botany), XI. 488, 1 a. 
 
 Strom'boli, island of Italy, X. 517, 1 be. Vol¬ 
 cano of, XVI. 400, 1 a. 
 
 Strombus (mollusca), XI. 723, 1 c. S. gigas, 
 III. 652, 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 Stro'meyerite, silver ore, XV. 50, 1 ab. 
 
 Stromkarl: see Fairies, VII. 64, 2 b. 
 
 Strumming, fish, III. 139, 1 ab; XV. 504, 1 a. 
 
 Stromness', town, Orkney islands, XII. 696, 1 c. 
 
 Strong, Caleb, American statesman, XV. 425. 
 
 Strong, James, American author, XV. 425. 
 
 Strongbow, sobriquet, IX. 357, 1 b. 
 
 Strongyle [strong'-ge-le], XII. 190, 2 be (Naxos). 
 
 Strongylus gigas (entozoa), VI. 668,1 be ; equi- 
 nus, 1 c; longivaginatus, ib. 
 
 Strontia, oxide of strontium, XV. 425, 2 c. 
 
 Strontianite, carbonate, XV. 425, 2 c. 
 
 Stronti'tes, VIII. 811,1 b. See XV. 426, 1 a. 
 
 Strontium, a metal, XV. 425. Principal salts, 
 426, 1 a. 
 
 Stro'phe, of the Greek chorus, IV. 518, 1 c. 
 
 Strophom'ena (mollusca), III. 177, 2 c. 
 
 Strossmayer, Joseph George [struss'-ml-er], 
 Croato-Slavonie prelate, XV. 426. 
 
 Strother, David Ilunter [strb^A'-er], American 
 artist, XV. 426. 
 
 Stroudsburg, county seat, XI. 759, 2 a. 
 
 46 
 
 Strousberg, Bethel Henry [strowce'-bairg], 
 German adventurer, XV. 426. 
 
 Strozzi [strot'-se], nom de guerre of Mazzini, 
 XI. 307, 2 c. 
 
 Structural formulas, in chemistry, XI. 718, 1 a 
 (Molecule). 
 
 Structure, as determining species, XV. 234,1 ab. 
 Struensee, Johann Friedrich, count [stroo'-en- 
 za], Danish statesman, XV. 427; IV. 528, 
 2 b, be. See Caroline Matilda. 
 
 Struma (scrofula), XIV. 714, 1 a. 
 
 Struthio (ornithology), XII. 724, 2 b. S. came- 
 lus, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Struthion'idce (ornithology), XV. 724, 2 b. 
 Struthiop’teris (botany), XII. 726, 1 ab. S. 
 
 Germanica, ib. (ill.); Pennsylvanica, 1 c. 
 Strutt, inventor of stocking frame, I. 718, 1 b. 
 Strutt, Joseph, English antiquary, XV. 427. 
 Struve, Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von [stroo'- 
 feh], Russian astronomer, XV. 427; 315, 
 
 1 b; VII. 560, 1 b. Otto Wilhelm von, as¬ 
 tronomer, XV. 427, 2 b. 
 
 Struve, Georg Adam, jurist, XV. 427. Burk- 
 hard Gotthelf, jurist, 428, 1 a. 
 
 Strychnia, vegetable poison, XV. 428. 
 Strychnine [strik'-nin]: see Strychnia. 
 Strychnos nux-vomica (botany), XII. 545, 2 c 
 (ill., 546), I. 507, 2 a; Ignatia, XII. 546, 
 
 2 be; potatorum, ib.; multiflora, XV. 428, 
 1 b ; tieute, ib., XVI. 217, 2 a; Castelnseana 
 and cogens, 723, 1 c. 
 
 Strymon : see Macedonia, X. 782, 1 be, 2 a. 
 Steype, John, English clergyman, XV. 429. 
 Stuart, royal family, XV. 429. See Charles 
 Edward (Index), James Francis Edward, 
 and Stuart, Henry Benedict Maria Clement. 
 Stuart, Arabella or Arbella(the lady Arabella), 
 XV. 429. 
 
 Stuart, Gilbert, Scottish author, XV. 430. 
 Stuart, Gilbert Charles, American painter, 
 XV. 430. 
 
 Stuart, Henry Benedict Maria Clement, Car¬ 
 dinal York, XV. 430. 
 
 Stuart, James, English antiquary, XV. 430. 
 Stuart, John, earl of Bute : see Bute. 
 
 Stuart, Moses, American author, XV. 430. 
 Stub damask, stub twist, for gun barrels, VII. 
 356, 2 c; 357, 1 a. 
 
 Studdingsail boom, of a ship, XIV. 865, 2 be. 
 Studdingsails, 2 c. 
 
 Students , senior and junior, at Oxford, XII. 
 
 764, 2 b. Non ascripti, 765, 2 c. 
 STUHL-WEissENBURG[stool-vi'-sen-boorg], coun¬ 
 ty of Hungary, XV. 431. Capital city, 1 b. 
 
722 
 
 STURS 
 
 sudhAuser 
 
 Sture , Sten [stoo'-ra], regent of Sweden, IY. 
 
 525, 1 a. Ilis widow, 2 a. 
 
 Sturgeon, fish, XY. 431. Common European, 
 
 2 ab (ill.). Beluga, 2 c. Sterlet, 432, 1 a. 
 Sharp-nosed sturgeon, 1 b (ill.) ; short-nosed, 
 
 1 be; spoon-bill, 1 c. 
 
 Sturleson: see Snorri Sturlason. 
 
 Sturm- und Drangperiode [stoorm oont drang- 
 pa-re-o'-da], in German literature, VII. 767, 
 
 2 a. See Klinger. 
 
 Sturnella (ornithology), XI. 311,1 c. S. magna, 
 ib. (ill.). 
 
 Sturnidce (ornithology), XY. 322, 2 b. 
 
 Sturnus (ornithology), XY. 322, 2 b. S. vul¬ 
 garis, 323, 1 a (ill., 322). 
 
 Sturt, Sir Charles, English explorer, XY. 432. 
 Stutsman, county, XV. 432. 
 
 Stuttering : see Stammering. 
 
 Stuttgart [stoot'-gart], capital ofWurtemberg, 
 XY. 432. The old palace, 433, 1 ab (ill.). 
 Stuyvesant, Petrus [stl'-ve-sant], governor of 
 New York, XY. 433. 
 
 Sty, tumor, XY. 433. 
 
 Stygic'ola (ichthyology), II. 723, 1 be. 
 
 Style, of pistil, XIII. 585, 2 a. 
 
 Style, Old and New : see Calendar, III. 579, 
 2 a, ff.; Chronology, IY. 558, 2 b. 
 Styleph'orus (ichthyology), XIY. 306, 1 c. 
 Sty'lites [as a personal adjective, sti-ll'-teez], 
 pillar saints, XY.434. St. Simeon Stylites, 1 ab. 
 Sty'lobate , in the Doric order, I. 656,1 b ; Ionic, 
 657, 1 c; Corinthian, 2 c. 
 
 Styloceras [sti-los'-e-ras], (zoology), XII. 47,1 a. 
 Stylospore, of fungi, VII. 533, 1 b. 
 
 Stylus: see Pen, XIII. 243, 1 b. Referred to, 
 III. 73, 2 c (ill., 74). 
 
 Stymphalian birds , destruction of the, VIII. 
 679, 2 a. 
 
 Stympha'lis , lake of Arcadia, I. 640, 2 b. 
 Styrax: see Balsams, II. 249, 2 ab. S. offi¬ 
 cinalis, ib. (ill.) ; benzoin, 545, 1 c (ill.). 
 Styria, duchy of Austria, XY. 434. Origin 
 of the name, 384, 1 b (Steyer). 
 
 Styx, in Greek mythology, XY. 434. 
 
 Suabia : see Swabia. 
 
 Suaheli dialect [swa-ha'-li], I. 171, 1 c. 
 
 Suakin [swa'-kin], seaport of Nubia, XY. 434. 
 Suarez, Francisco [swa'-raitli], Spanish theo¬ 
 logian, XY. 435. 
 
 Subahdar [soo-ba'-dar], Hindoo viceroy, IX. 
 
 210, 1 a; captain, XIY. 770, 2 be. 
 
 Sub-Apennines, range of Italy, I. 582, 2 b. 
 Suber , of bark, II. 313, 2 c. 
 NR&A#<7ra[soo-ba/-dra], Hindoo idol, IX. 706, lc. 
 
 Subiaco, desert of [soo-be-a'-ko], refuge of St. 
 Benedict, II. 519, 2 ab. 
 
 Subjective and objective (subject and object): 
 see Identity (Index). 
 
 Sublimates, XY. 435, 1 be. 
 
 Sublimation, XY. 435 ; YI. 140, 2 c. 
 
 Sublime Porte, XY. 435 ; XVI. 59, 1 a. See 
 Y. 275, 2 b. 
 
 Sublingual gland, XIA 7 . 566, 1 c. 
 
 Submaxillary gland, XIY. 566, 1 b. 
 
 Subordinaries, in heraldry, VIII. 672, 2 a. 
 
 Subpcena, XY. 435. See Chancery, IV. 258,1 c. 
 
 Subrahmanya [soo-bra-man'-ya], Hindoo god of 
 war, IX. 230, 1 be. 
 
 Subrogation, in law, XY. 435. 
 
 Subscription, in .law, XY. 435. 
 
 Subsultus tendinum, in typhus fever, VII. 167, 
 1 be. In typhoid fever, 168, 1 b. 
 
 Sub'ulo (zoology), Y. 761, 1 ab. 
 
 Succession, in Roman law, YI. 38, 2 b. 
 
 Succinates, XY. 436, 2 a. 
 
 Succinic Acid, XY. 436. Chemical formation 
 of, VII. 142, 1 b. 
 
 Succory : see Chiccory. 
 
 Succotash , article of food, XI. 43, 2 b. 
 
 Succoth, VII. 29, 1 c (Exodus). 
 
 Suchau [soo-chow'J: see Soochow. 
 
 Suchet, Louis Gabriel [su-sha], duke of Albu- 
 fera, French soldier, XY. 436. 
 
 SucTc, the, in the Tennessee river, I. 229, 2 a. 
 
 Suckanhock : see Wampum. 
 
 Sucker, fish, XY. 436. Common, 1 c (ill.); 
 chub, ib.; Missouri and buffalo, 437, 1 a. 
 
 Sucker, atmospheric toy, II. 83, 1 a. 
 
 Sucker, of a plant, XIII. 577, 1 be. Propaga¬ 
 tion by suckers, X. 240, 1 a. 
 
 Suckiaug (Hartford, Conn.), VIII. 488, 2 c. 
 
 Sucking Fish, XY. 437. Mediterranean, 2 a 
 (ill.) ; Indian, ib. ; white-tailed (shark suck¬ 
 er), 2 ab. 
 
 Suckling, Sir John, English poet, XV. 437. 
 
 Su'crates, XY. 441, 2 b (Sugar). 
 
 Sucre [soo'-kra], capital of Bolivia, XY. 437. 
 
 Sucre, Antonio Jos6 de, S. American soldier, 
 XY. 437; III. 15, 2 c. 
 
 Suction pipe of fire engine , invention of, VII. 
 210, 2 b. 
 
 Suction pump, XIY. 82, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Sudatoria, sweating sickness, XY. 501, 1 be. 
 
 SuDERMANIA ! See SoDERMANLAND. 
 
 Sudetic Mountains: see Germany, VII. 744,2 c. 
 
 Sudorifics : see Diaphoretics. 
 
 Sudhduser [zoot'-hoi-zer], salt-boiling houses, 
 II. 550, 2 ab. 
 
SUDRA 
 
 SULPIIO-CARBONATES 
 
 723 
 
 Sudra religion [soo'-dra], IX. 229, 1 be. 
 
 Sudras, Hindoo caste, IX. 206, 2 c; 225,2 be, c. 
 
 Sue, Marie Joseph Eugene, French novelist, 
 XV. 438. 
 
 Suetonius Tranquillus, Cains [swe-to'-ne-us], 
 Roman historian, XY. 438 ; X. 198, 1 ab. 
 
 Sueyi [swe'-vl], German tribe, XV. 438. 
 
 Su'ez [properly, swez or swaiz], isthmus, XV. 
 438. Gulf, 439, 1 ab. Town, 2 a (view). 
 Canal, III. 688, 2 c; X. 370,1 b. 
 
 Suffavean dynasty , of Persia, XIII. 323, 1 c. 
 
 Suffete , Carthaginian magistrate, IV. 37, 1 a. 
 
 Suffocation : see Asphyxia. 
 
 Suffocatio stridula (croup), V. 517, 1 b. 
 
 Suffolk, two counties, XV. 439. 
 
 Suffolk, county of England, XV. 440. 
 
 Suffolk, county seat, XII. 131, 1 c. 
 
 Suffolk dank system , II. 281, 1 a. 
 
 Suffragan , bishop, as related to the archbishop, 
 I. 646, 1 b. 
 
 Suffrage , right of, taken from free colored men 
 in X. Carolina, VII. 644, 1 b. 
 
 Sufis [soo'-feez], Mohammedan sect, XV. 440. 
 Their doctrines, XIII. 320, 1 a. 
 
 Sufism , XIII. 320, 1 a; XI. 699, 1 be. 
 
 Sugar, XV. 440. Natural sugars, 2 a. Sac- 
 charimetry, 442,1 ab (ill., 443). Sugar cane, 
 444, 1 a (ill.); origin of, 445, 1 a; culture 
 of, 1 b. Manufacture of cane sugar, 2 c. 
 Sugar refining, 446, 2 c.—Beet sugar, 447, 
 2 be; II. 471, 2 ab. Maple sugar, XV. 448,2 a; 
 production and trade, 2 b. Grape sugar, 
 440, 2 c; XI. 44, 2 a. Sugar from palm 
 juice, XIII. 19, 2 c. Adulteration of, I. 133, 
 2 a. Transformation of cane sugar and milk 
 sugar into alcohol and carbonic acid, VII. 
 142,1 c. Extraction of sugar from the beet 
 and cane by dialysis, VI. 72, 2 c. 
 
 Sugarberry , tree, VIII. 365, 2 b. 
 
 Sugar bird, VIII. 264, 2 a. 
 
 Sugar bush (maple orchard), XI. 139, 1 b. 
 
 Sugarloaf mountain , on the Hudson, IX. 30,1 a. 
 
 Sugar of Lead : see Lead, X. 246, 1 ab; I. 
 61, 2 b. 
 
 Sugar of Milk : see Milk, Sugar of. 
 
 Sugar pear , bush, IX. 713, 2 c. 
 
 Sugar pine , of California, III. 606, 1 c. 
 
 Sugar seaweed (dulse), I. 299, 2 c. 
 
 Sugden, Edicard Burtenshaw: see Saint Leon¬ 
 ards. 
 
 Suggillation, in a dead body, XI. 339, 2 a. 
 
 Suhul, Michael [soo-hool'], Abyssinian chief, 
 I. 46, 2 a. 
 
 Suicide : see Felo de Se. 
 
 Su'idas, Greek lexicographer, XV. 449. 
 
 Suidger [swid'-gher], (Pope Clement II.), IV. 
 660, 2 b. 
 
 Suindinum: see Mans, Le. 1 
 
 Suint [swint], gas from, VII. 640, 1 ab. 
 
 Suirah [swe'-rah]: see Mogadore. 
 
 Suisse [sti-eece]: see Switzerland. 
 
 Suisun bay [swe-soon'], XIV. 605, 2 b. 
 
 Sukhum Kaleh [soo'-koom ka'-leh], Russian 
 town in Abkhasia, I. 26, 2 be (pop. 3,000). 
 
 Sula (ornithology), VII. 613, 1 a; III. 73, 1 a. 
 S. bassana, VII. 613, 1 a, c (ill.); fusca (S. 
 fiber), III. 73, 1 a (ilk)* 
 
 Suleiman [soo-la-man 7 ]: see Solyman II. 
 
 Suli [soo'-le], castle of, XV. 449, 2 ab. 
 
 Sulina channel [soo-le'-na], of the Danube, V. 
 681, 1 c. 
 
 Suliotes, XV. 449; I. 311, 1 b. 
 
 Sulla, Lucius Cornelius (Felix), Roman dicta¬ 
 tor, XV. 449. 
 
 Sullivan, six counties, XV. 450. 
 
 Sullivan , county seat, XV. 451, 2 a. 
 
 Sullivan, Arthur S., English composer, XV. 
 451. 
 
 Sullivan, John, American general, XV. 451. 
 George, lawyer, 452, 1 c. James, governor 
 of Massachusetts, ib. William, lawyer, 2 a. 
 John Langdon, engineer, 2 b. 
 
 Sullivan’s Island : see Moultrie, Fort. 
 
 Sullivant, William Starling, American bota¬ 
 nist, XV. 452. 
 
 Sullivantia (botany), XV. 453, 1 a. 
 
 Sully, county, XV. 453. 
 
 Sully, Henry, application of friction wheels 
 by, VII. 491, 2 b. 
 
 Sully, Maximilien de Bethune [sii-le], baron 
 de Rosny, French statesman, XV. 453. 
 
 Sully, Thomas, American painter, XV. 453. 
 
 Sulphates, XV. 453. Of alumina, 2 ab; of 
 barium, 2 c; of calcium and chromium, ib .; 
 of copper, 454, 1 a; of iron, 1 b. Other 
 metallic sulphates, 1 c. Alcoholic sulphates, 
 2 a. Sulphate of soda: see Glauber’s Salt. 
 
 Sulphides, XV. 454. Bisulphide of carbon, 
 2c: see Carbon Disulphide. Sulphide of 
 chlorine, 455, 1 ab. Mercaptan, 1 b. Sul¬ 
 phide of calcium, X. 478, 1 c. 
 
 Sulphindigotic acid, VI. 341, 2 be. 
 
 Sulphindylic acid, IX. 251, 1 c. 
 
 Sulphion, XIV. 583, 1 a. 
 
 Sulphites, XV. 455. Sulphite of lime, X. 478, 
 2 ab. 
 
 Sulpho-acids, XV. 455, 2 c. 
 
 Sulpho-carbonates, III. 773, 2 a. 
 
724 : 
 
 STTLPHO-CARBONIC 
 
 SUNDA 
 
 Sulpho-carbonic acid, XY. 454, 2 c. See Car¬ 
 bon Disulphide. 
 
 Sulpho-cyanide of ally le, XII. 105, 2 c. 
 Sulpho-cyanogen , in saliva, YI. 105, 1 a. 
 Sulpho-methylic acid, XY. 454, 2 b. 
 Sulpho-sinapisine [-sin-a'-pe-zin], XII. 105, 2 c. 
 Sulphosion, XIY. 583, 1 a. 
 
 Sulpho-vinic acid , I. 264, 2 a; XV. 454, 2 a. 
 Sulphur, XV. 455. Where found, 456, 1 a. 
 How obtained, 1 ab. Properties, 1 c. Roll 
 sulphur, or brimstone, 457, 1 a; flowers of 
 sulphur, ib. Compounds, 1 c. Medical 
 properties and uses, 458, 1 ab.—Sulphur in 
 iron, IX. 370, 2 a; in steel, XY. 356, 2 b. 
 Sulphur alcohol , III. 772, 2 b. 
 
 Sulphuret of lead: see Galena (ore). 
 Sulphurets: see Sulphides. 
 
 Sulphuretted Hydrogen : see Hydrosulphu- 
 rig Acid. Odor of, VII. 144, 1 b. Gas, 
 discovered, II. 558, 1 c. 
 
 Sulphu'ric Acid, XY. 458. Discoverer of, 
 and his mode of obtaining it, 1 c. Process 
 of manufacture, ib., If. Distillation of Nord- 
 hausen acid, 2 a (ill.). English process, 2 c. 
 Class-room apparatus, 459, 2 a (ill.). Pla¬ 
 tinum retort, 2 c (ill., 460). Properties, 
 
 460, 1 be. As an antiseptic, XII. 61, 1 be. 
 Sulphuric Ether: see Ether, YI. 747, 1 be. 
 Sul'phurous Acid : see Sulphur, XY. 457,1 c, 
 
 2 a, be, c; Disinfectants, YI. 134, 2 ab. 
 Sulphurous anhydride, XY. 457, 1 c, 2 a, b. 
 Sulphur springs: see Mineral Springs, XI. 
 593, 1 c. 
 
 Sulphur Springs , county seat, VIII. 811, 2 b. 
 Sulphydric acid: see Hydrosulphuric Acid. 
 Sulpician law, Roman, IY. 599, 1 be. 
 Sulpicians, Roman Catholic congregation of 
 priests, XV. 460; XI. 731, 1 a. 
 
 Sulpicius Severus, Roman historian, XY. 461. 
 Sul'tan [correctly, sool-tan'], of Turkey, XYI. 
 59, 1 a. 
 
 Sulu [soo-loo'J: see Sooloo. 
 
 Sumach [su'-mak or shoo'-mak], plant, XY. 
 
 461, Four groups, 2 ab; 462, 1 ab, b, 2 a. 
 Smooth sumach, 461, 2 ab (ill.); cut-leaved, 
 2 c; stag’s-horn, ib. ; dwarf or mountain, 
 
 462, 1 a; fragrant, 1 b; Venetian, or smoke 
 tree, 1 be (ill.). Poison ivy, 2 b (ill.). Poi¬ 
 son sumach, 2 c (ill.). Coral sumach, 463, 
 1 be. Sumach of commerce, 1 c. Japan 
 wax, 2 ab ; lacquer, 2 b. China galls, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Sumarokoff, Alexei Petrovitch [soo-ma-rok'- 
 6ff], Russian dramatist, XY. 464. 
 
 Sumatra [soo-ma'-tra], island, XY. 464. (Map.) 
 
 Divisions, 1 b. Physical conformation, 1 c. 
 Coast, 2 be. Rivers, 465, 1 a. Climate, 1 b. 
 Vegetation, ib. Fauna, 1 c. Inhabitants, 
 2 ab. Industries, 2 c. History, 466, 1 a. 
 Sumbawa [soom-ba'-wa], island, XY. 466. Mt. 
 Tomboro, 2 a. 
 
 Summation tones, in harmony, VIII. 469, 1 c. 
 Summer, season of the year, XY. 466. Indian 
 summer, 2 be. 
 
 Summer duck: see Wood Duck. 
 
 Summerfield, John, American clergyman, XY. 
 466. 
 
 Summer haw, plant, XY. 722, 1 c. 
 
 Summer Red Bird: see Tanager, XY. 563, 2 c. 
 Summers, county, XY. 467. 
 
 Summers, Thomas Osmond, American clergy¬ 
 man, XY. 467. 
 
 Summerside, county seat, XIII. 838, 2 b. 
 Summerville , county seat, IY. 341, 2 a. 
 Summit, three counties, XY. 467. 
 
 Summons, in law: see Process, XIY. 24, 2 c. 
 
 Service of summons, 849, 2 c. 
 
 Sumner, three counties, XY. 467. 
 
 Sumner, county seat, XY. 467, 2 c. 
 
 Sumner, Charles, American statesman, XV. 468. 
 Sumner, John Bird, English clergyman, XY. 
 469. 
 
 Sumpter, county seat, XY. 870, 2 a. 
 
 Sumter, four counties, XY. 469. 
 
 Sumter, confederate steamship: see Semmes, 
 XIY. 763, 1 b. 
 
 Sumter, Fort, XY. 470. 
 
 Sumter, Thomas, American revolutionary gen¬ 
 eral, XY. 470. 
 
 Sumter Court House, county seat, XY. 469, 2 c. 
 Sun, XY. 470. Motion of, 312, 1 be; 471,1 b. 
 Surface, 1 c; spots, 2 a; dots and faculse, 
 
 472, 2 be. Solar eclipses, phenomena of, 
 
 473, 1 a. Prominences, ib., and 2 ab; dis¬ 
 tribution of, 474, 2 a (ill.). Sierra or chro¬ 
 mosphere, 473, 2 a. Solar explosion, 2 c 
 (ills., 474). Corona, 474, 2 ab. Solar atmos¬ 
 phere, 475, 2 ab. Solar heat, 2 c. Physical 
 constitution of the sun, 476, 2 a. Spherical 
 domain of, XIII. 569, 2 be. 
 
 Sun, fountain of the , XY. 73, 1 b, be; XII. 
 560, 2 b. 
 
 Sun Bird, XY. 476. Fiery-tailed (ill.), 477. 
 Guitguits, 1 b. 
 
 Sunburt, borough of Pennsylvania, XY. 477. 
 Sunbury, county of Hew Brunswick, XY. 477. 
 Sunda Islands, Indian archipelago, XY. 477. 
 Sunda language, IX. 578, 1 b. 
 
 Sunda ox, XYI. 808, 1 c. 
 

 SUXDA 
 
 SURVEYING 
 
 725 
 
 
 Sunda Strait, XV. 477. 
 
 Sunday, XV. 477. See Lord’s Day. 
 
 Sunday laws , X. G36, 1 ab. 
 
 Sunday Schools, XV. 477. Statistics, 478, 1 c. 
 Sunderbunds, tract in British India, XV. 478 ; 
 
 VII. 610, 2 a; II. 523, 2 c. 
 
 Sunderland, town of England, XV. 478. 
 Sunderland, Robert Spencer, second earl of, 
 English statesman, XV. 479. Charles Spen¬ 
 cer, third earl of, 1 b. 
 
 Sundese , people of Java, IX. 575, 1 c. 
 Sundevall, classification of birds by, XII. 708,1a. 
 Sundew, plant, XV. 479. Round-leaved, 2 b 
 (ill.); leaf of, for entrapping and digesting 
 insects, 480, 1 ab-2 c (ills.). Long-leaved, 
 479, 1 be; short-leaved, 1 c; slender, ib. ; 
 thread-leaved, ib. (ill., 480). See Insectivo¬ 
 rous Plants. 
 
 Sun dial , IV. 695, 2 a. See Dial. 
 
 Sun dog , VIII. 406, 2 a (Halo). 
 
 Sun drops , plants, XII. 585, 2 b. 
 
 Sun Fish, XV. 480. Common, 481, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 See Jelly Fish, IX. 601,1 c (ill.), and Bream. 
 Sunflower, plant, XV. 481. Common, 2 a. 
 Garden sunflower, 2 c (ill.). Other species, 
 482, 1 a. 
 
 Sunflower, county, XV. 482. 
 
 Sung aria : see Turkistan, XVI. 67, 1 ab. 
 Sung dynasty , in China, X. 59, 2 c. 
 
 Sunk country , the, of Missouri, VI. 361, 2 be; 
 
 XII. 314, 1 be; XV. 393, 2 ab. 
 
 Sunna [soon'-na], Mohammedan traditions, XV. 
 482. 
 
 Sunn hemp , VIII. 633, 2 be (ill.); XIV. 91, 1 c. 
 Sunnis [soon-neez'J: see Sunna ; IX. 428,1 be; 
 IV. 54, 2 c. Sunnis and Shiahs, I. 311, 2 a; 
 624, 1 c. 
 
 Sunny side: see Tarrytown, XV. 574, 1 ab. 
 Sunstroke, XV. 482. Symptoms, 1 c. Treat¬ 
 ment, 483, 1 ab. 
 
 Sun worship , grounds of, VIII. 567, 1 b ; XII. 
 116, 1 a. Practice of, II. 37, la; VIII. 619, 
 1 c; VI. 464, 1 a; XII. 117, 1 a, 2 a; XIV. 
 150, 1 c ; XIII. 342, 1 a. See Sabaism. 
 Suovetaurilia , Roman sacrifices, X. 725, 2 a. 
 Super-calenders , sheet , XIII. 50, 2 a. 
 Supercargo, XV. 483; VII. 54, 1 c. 
 
 Superior, Lake, XV. 483. Pictured Rocks, 
 484, 1 b. 
 
 Superior City , county seat, VI. 221, 2 c. 
 Superior oblique muscle , of the eye, VII. 46, 2 c. 
 Superiors , Jesuit , IX. 627, 1 b. 
 
 Superphosphate , manure, composition of, III. 
 64, 1 be. 
 
 “ Superposition of displacements ,” law of, XV. 
 180, 2 ab (Sound). 
 
 Super speculum, bull of Pius V., IX. 195, 2 a. 
 Suphis [soo'-fis], Egyptian king, IV. 374, 2 c. 
 Supperuksoak , Esquimaux deity, VI. 729, 2 be. 
 Supplementary hypothesis: see Pentateuch, 
 XIII. 276, 2 a. 
 
 Supporters , in heraldry, VIII. 674, 1 be. 
 Supranaturalists , in theology, XV. 695, 1 c. 
 Supra-pubic operation , for the stone, XV. 398, 
 2 a; 399, 1 a. 
 
 Supreme court , of England, V. 430, 1 be; 
 XIII. 608, 1 c. Of the United States, V. 
 433, 1 a; XVI. 141, 2 b; chief justices of 
 the, 188, 1 c. 
 
 Surajah Dowlah: see Clive, IV. 693, ff., and 
 India, IX. 210, 1 a. 
 
 Surat', town and collectorate of India, XV.484. 
 Surety, in law, XV. 484. See Guaranty. 
 Surf Bird, XV. 485. 
 
 Surgeon, bird: see Jacana, IX. 480, 2 a. 
 Surgery, XV. 485. In ancient times, 2 a; 
 modern, 486, 2 b. Legal obligations of sur¬ 
 geons, 487, 2 c. First modern work of im¬ 
 portance on: see Chauliac. 
 
 Surgical anatomy , I. 461, 1 a. 
 
 Suricata capensis (zoology), XV. 488, 1 c. 
 Su'ricate, animal, XV. 488 (ill.). 
 
 Surinam' : see Guiana, VIII. 303, 1 a. 
 Surinam, river of Dutch Guiana, XV. 488. 
 Surmullet , fish, XII. 37, 1 a. 
 
 Surnames , XII. 127, 2 b. In Irish families, 
 first required, III. 264, 1 a. 
 
 Surnia (ornithology), XII. 756, 1 a. S. ulula, 
 ib. (ill.). 
 
 Surrebutter , in pleading, XIII. 607, 2 c. 
 Surrejoinder , in pleading, XIII. 607, 2 c. 
 Surrentum: see Sorrento. 
 
 Surrey, county of England, XV. 488. 
 
 Surrey, Henry Howard, earl of, English poet, 
 
 XV. 488. 
 
 Surrey chapel , London, X. 598, 2 c. 
 
 Surrogate : see Probate, XIV. 23, 1 be, and 
 
 XVI. 627, 1 c. 
 
 Surry, two counties, XV. 489. 
 
 Surry Court House , county seat, XV. 489,1 b. 
 Surstrbmming , preparation of fish, III. 139,1 b. 
 Surturbrandr , a kind of coal, IX. 151, 2 a. 
 Surumpe [soo-room-pa'], inflammation of the 
 eyes, III. 14, 1 ab; XIII. 338, 1 a. 
 Surveying, XV. 489. Systems of, 2 ab. In¬ 
 struments for, and how used, 2 be; 490, 
 1 ab, c; 492, 2 a. Surveys of U. S. public 
 lands, 491,1 c. Plane surveying: see Geod- 
 
726 
 
 SURVEYORS 
 
 SWEATING 
 
 E8T ; topographical: see Coast Survey, IV. 
 790,1 c ; maritime: see Hydrography. 
 
 Surveyors , caterpillars, IV. 106, 2 ab. 
 
 Surveyor's chain: see Gunter, Edmund. Sur¬ 
 veyor’s cross, XV. 490, 1 b, 492, 2 a. 
 
 Surville, Marguerite El6onore Clotilde de "V al- 
 lon-Chalys de [siir-veel], reputed French au¬ 
 thoress, XV. 492. 
 
 Survilliers, Count de [sur-ve-ya], assumed name, 
 III. 31,1 ab. 
 
 Survival of the fittest, principle of, VII. 14,1 b. 
 
 Survivorship annuity , I. 534, 2 c. Survivor¬ 
 ship policy, X. 434, 2 b. 
 
 Surya [soor'-ya], Hindoo deity, IX. 223,2 ab, be. 
 
 Sus [soos], territory of Morocco, XV. 492. 
 
 Sus (zoology), VIII. 756, 2 c. S. scrofa, ih. ; 
 aper, II. 763, 2 c (ill., 764); babirusa (ill.), 
 191, 2 c. 
 
 Susa, ancient city of Persia, XV. 493. Site of, 
 ih. VI. 41, 1 c. 
 
 Susanville , county seat, X. 181, 1 b. 
 
 Susiana, in ancient geography, XV. 493. See 
 Elam, and Khuzistan. 
 
 Susii , Persian tribe, referred to, XV. 493, 1 c. 
 
 Susis: see Susiana. 
 
 Suso, Heinrich [zoo'-zo], German writer, XV. 
 493. 
 
 Suspension Bridge, village of New Y ork, XII. 
 419, 2 a. 
 
 Suspension bridges: see Bridge, III. 273, 1 c 
 (ills.). At Niagara falls, 274, 2 ab; XIII. 
 417, 2 c. 
 
 Suspensory ligament, of the liver, X. 536, 2 be. 
 
 Suspensurce, in ancient baths, II. 383, 1 b. 
 
 Susquehanna, river, XV. 493. 
 
 Susquehanna, county, XV. 493. 
 
 Susquehannas : see Conestogas. 
 
 Sussex, three counties, XV. 494. 
 
 Sussex, county of England, XV. 494. 
 
 Sussex, duTce of: see Este, VI. 739, 2 c. 
 
 Sussex Court House, county seat, XV. 494, 2 a. 
 
 Sussmaier [zus'-ml-er], (or Sussmeyer, Franz 
 Xaver, 1766-1803), pupil of Mozart, XII. 23, 
 2b; 24, 1 ab. 
 
 Sutherland, county of England, XV. 494. 
 
 Sutherland, George Granville Leveson Gower, 
 duke of, XV. 494. 
 
 Sutlej, river of India, XV. 495. 
 
 Sutras [soo'-tras], in Hindoo literature, IX. 
 222, 2 a, b. Sfitra period, 2 c. 
 
 Sutro tunnel, Nevada, 1.122, 2 b ; XII. 265, 2 c. 
 
 Suttee', self-immolation of Hindoo widows, 
 XV. 495. Suppression of, 2 a. 
 
 Sutter [soot'-er], county, XV. 495. 
 
 Sutter, John Augustus, American pioneer, XV. 
 495. 
 
 Sutton , county seat, III. 215, 2 c. 
 
 Sutton, Amos, English missionary, XV. 496. 
 Suvaroff, Alexei Vasilievitch, count [soo-va'- 
 rof], Russian soldier, XV. 496. 
 
 Suvorojf: see Suvaroff. 
 
 Suwalki [soo-val'-ke], government of Poland, 
 XV. 496. Capital, 2 b. 
 
 Suwanee: see Suwannee. 
 
 Suwan'nee, county, XV. 496. River, VII. 
 280, 1 c. 
 
 Suwarrow : see Suvaroff. 
 
 Sveaborg [sva'-a-borg], fortress of Finland, 
 XV. 496. 
 
 Svertchkoff', Nikolai, Russian artist, XV. 497. 
 Svetchin : see Swetchine. 
 
 Sviatovist, Slavic deity, XV. 104, 2 a. 
 
 Swabia, region of Germany, XV. 497. 
 
 Swabian dialect, allusion to, I. 271, 2 a. 
 Swahian league, XIII. 216, 1 a. “ Great Swa¬ 
 bian league” of 1488, XV. 497, 2 a. 
 
 Swaga, native borax, III. 88, 2 be. 
 
 Swain, county, XV. 497. 
 
 Swain, Charles, English poet, XV. 497. 
 Swainsborough, county seat, VI. 557, 1 a. 
 Swainson, William, English naturalist, XV. 
 497. His classification of birds, XII. 706, 
 2c; of fishes, IX. 161, 1 a; of reptiles, VIII. 
 694, 1 b. 
 
 Swallow, bird, XV. 498. Chimney swallow, 
 
 1 c, 520, 1 c (Swift) ; barn, 498, 2 a (ill.); 
 cliff, 2 c ; white-bellied, 499,1 b (ill.) ; bank 
 or sand, 2 a (ill.). Esculent swallow, 520, 
 
 2 b (Swift). Sea swallow, XIII. 365, 2 b. 
 Swallowwort, Virginia, XI. 546, 1 a (Milkweed). 
 Swammerdam, Johannes, Dutch entomologist, 
 
 XV. 499. His classification of insects, VI. 
 658, 2 c. 
 
 Swan, bird, XV. 499. European wild swan, 
 
 500, 1 b; tame, 1 c (ill.); American or 
 whistling, 2 b; trumpeter, 2 c. Black swan, 
 
 501, 1 a. Age of the swan, I. 182, 2 b. 
 Swan La~ke, county seat, XVI. 70, 2 a. 
 
 Swan of Holland: see Heinsius, Nicolaas. 
 Swan of Lichfield: see Seward, Anna. 
 
 Swann, quarrel with Gen. Jackson, IX. 487,1 c. 
 Swan Quarter, county, seat, IX. 104, 1 b. 
 
 Swan River: see Western Australia, XVI. 
 
 562, 2 ab. 
 
 Swansea, town of Wales, XV. 501. 
 
 Swash , the , channel, VIII. 103, 1 a. 
 
 Swatopluk, prince of Moravia, V. 620, 1 c. 
 Sweating process , for separating alloys, I. 336, 
 
SWEATING 
 
 SYBEL 
 
 727 
 
 1 a. For reducing coins, XI. 617, 1 b. In 
 tanning, X. 273, 2 b. 
 
 Sweating Sickness, XV. 501. Description, 1 c. 
 
 Treatment, 2 ab. Appearances in Europe, 2 b. 
 Swedbeeg, Jesper [sved'-bairg], Swedish cler¬ 
 gyman, XV. 501. 
 
 Sweden, kingdom, XV. 501. (Map.) Coast, 502, 
 
 1 a. Surface, 1 b. Lakes and rivers, 1 c. 
 Geology and minerals, 2 be. Soil and cli¬ 
 mate, 503, 1 be. Flora, 2 a. Fauna, 2 be. 
 Political divisions, 504,1 a. Population, 2 a. 
 Manufactures, 505,1 a. Commerce, 1 b. In¬ 
 tercommunication, 1 c. Money, weights, &c., 
 
 2 c. Government, 506, 1 b. Finances, 507, 
 
 1 ab. Army and navy, 2 a. Religion, 2 c. 
 Education, 508, 1 b. History, 2 a. Inde¬ 
 pendence of, VIII. 337, 1 a: see Christian 
 II. W T ar between Sweden and Napoleon I., 
 VIII. 340, 1 c. 
 
 Sweden, Language and Literature of, XV. 510; 
 I. 171, 2 b. 
 
 Swedenborg, Emanuel, Swedish philosopher, 
 XV. 515. 
 
 “ Swedes :” see Turnip, XVI. 75, 1 c. 
 
 Swedish and Danish languages , origin of the, 
 VII. 741, 1 b. 
 
 Swedish turnips , XVI. 75, 1 c; II. 471, 1 c. 
 
 “ Sweet,' 1 ' 1 in lead smelting, X. 257, 2 a. 
 
 Sweet bay, plant, XI. 19, 1 ab. 
 
 Sweetbread: see TnYMus Gland, and XIII.36,1 a. 
 Sweet Brier : see Eglantine, VI. 452, 1 be ; 
 
 Kose, XIV. 434, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Sweet calabash , VIII. 149, 1 c. 
 
 Sweet fern, plant, II. 407, 1 be. 
 
 Sweet gale (myrica gale), plant, II. 407, 1 b, c. 
 Sweet Gum: see Liquidambar. A name of 
 the liackberry, VIII. 365, 2 b. 
 
 Sweet Potato : see Potato, Sw r eet. 
 
 Sweet sop, fruit, V. 592, 2 c. 
 
 Sweetwater, county, XV. 519. 
 
 Sweet William : see Pink, XIII. 531, 1 a (ill., 
 530). 
 
 Swell fsh, XIV. 739, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Swells, in coal mines, V. 67, 1 a. 
 
 Swetchine, Anne Sophie [svetch-een], French 
 writer, XV. 519. 
 
 Siceyn [swain], (Dan. Sven), Danish king, his 
 invasions and conquest of England, III. 731, 
 2c; VI. 745, 2 a. 
 
 Swieten, Gerard van [van swe'-ten], Dutch 
 physician, XV. 519. 
 
 Swietenia mahagoni (botany), XI. 25, 1 c. 
 Swift, bird, XV. 519. Common European, or 
 black martin, 520, 1 a. White-bellied, 1 ab 
 
 (ill.). American, or chimney swallow, 1 c. 
 Esculent swift or swallow, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Swift, county, XV. 520. 
 
 Swift, Jonathan, British author, XV. 520. 
 
 “ Tale of a Tub,” its influence on his pre¬ 
 ferment in the church, 521, 1 c. Refused 
 a bishopric, 2 b. Relations to Varina, Stella, 
 and Vanessa, 2 c, If. “ Drapier’s Letters,” 
 522, 1 c. Supposed indebtedness to Ber¬ 
 gerac, II. 557, 2 ab. 
 
 Swill-milk disease, of cattle, XII. 59, 1 c. 
 
 Swim, the : see Air Bladder. 
 
 Swimming, XV. 522. Directions for learning 
 to float, 523, 1 a; to swim on the chest, 1 ab. 
 The side stroke, 1 c; the overhand stroke, 
 
 2 ab. Speed attained, 2 b. Swimming on 
 the back, ib. ; treading water, ib. Diving, 
 
 2 be; floating on the back, 2 c. Assisting 
 one drowning, ib. Remarkable feats of 
 swimming, 524, 2 a, ff. 
 
 Swinburne, Algernon Charles, English poet, 
 XV. 524. 
 
 Swine : see Hog. 
 
 Swine beans, VIII. 634, 2 c. 
 
 Swine pox, IV. 420, 1 c. 
 
 Swingle-tail, shark, XIV. 829, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Swingling knife, for dressing flax, VII. 264, 2 c. 
 
 Switch, of a railroad, XIV. 181, 1 b. Switch 
 tender, ib. 
 
 Switzerland, republic, XV. 524. (Map.) To¬ 
 pography, 2 be. Geology and minerals, 525, 
 
 1 c. Climate, 2 a. Productions, 2 b. Ani¬ 
 mals, 2 c. Manufactures, 526,1 a. Political 
 divisions, 1 b. Population, 2 a. Eeligion, 2 c. 
 Education, 527,1 b. Periodicals, 2 a. Gov¬ 
 ernment, 2 ab. Finances, 528, 2 a. Army, 
 
 2 be. History, 529, 1 ab. Permanent neu¬ 
 trality, XII. 259, 2 c. 
 
 Switzerland, county, XV. 533. 
 
 Sword, a weapon, XV. 533. Ancient forms 
 of, 1 c (ills.). The most famous, 2 b. Manu¬ 
 facture of, 2 c. Small sword for fencing, 
 534, 1 a. Broadsword, ib. 
 
 Sword Fish, XV. 534. Common, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 “ Sword for the knots of academicians :” see 
 Chrysippus. 
 
 Sword lily: see Gladiolus. 
 
 Swords, of a loom, XVI. 523, 2 a. 
 
 Swynford, Lady Catharine, wife of John of 
 Gaunt, II. 425, 1 be; IX. 655, 1 be. 
 
 Syb'aris, ancient city of Italy, XV. 534; \ . 
 352, 2 a. 
 
 Sybel, Heinrich von [ze'-bel], German his¬ 
 torian, XV. 534. 
 
728 
 
 SYCAMORE 
 
 SYRIAC 
 
 Sycamore, tree, XV. 535. 
 
 Sycamore, county seat, V. 766, 1 b. 
 
 Sycamore maple , XI. 140, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Sycee', Chinese silver bullion, IV. 452, 1 a. 
 Sychar , and Sychem: see Shechem. 
 
 Syc'orus, of the fig, VII. 183, 1 be. 
 
 Sydenham [sid'-en-um], England (8 m. S. of 
 London bridge), crystal palace at, IX. 259, 
 
 1 c; decorative painting of, 679,2 c. Aqua¬ 
 rium at, I. 610, 2 c. 
 
 Sydenham, Floyer, English scholar, XV. 535. 
 Sydenham, Thomas, physician, XV. 535. Syd¬ 
 enham society, 2 a. 
 
 Sydney, capital of New South Wales, XV. 535. 
 Parliament buildings, 2 c (ill.). Sydney water 
 works, III. 138, 1 a (Botany). 
 
 Sydney, capital of Cape Breton, XV. 536. 
 Sydney, Sir Philip: see Sidney. 
 
 Sydney Yendys, nom de plume, VI. 164, 1 c. 
 Sydow, Karl Leopold Adolf [ze'-do], German 
 theologian, XV. 536. 
 
 Syene [si-e'-ne]: see Asswan. 
 
 Sy'enite : see. Granite, VIII. 152, 2 b. Sye¬ 
 nites, XI. 588, 1 ab. 
 
 Sylla : see Sulla. 
 
 Syllab'ic alphabets, I. 348, 2 a. 
 
 Syllabus, collection of propositions con¬ 
 demned by Pius IX., XV. 536. 
 
 Syllogism , in logic, X. 579, 1 a; conditional, 
 
 2 a; hypothetical, ib. ; disjunctive, 2 ab. 
 Syllogistics, Aristotle's , I. 706, 2 b. 
 
 Sylva’nus (Constantine), XIII. 177, 2 ab. 
 Sylvanus Urban , pseudonyme, XIII. 296, 1 a. 
 Sylvester, two popes, XV. 537. 
 
 Sylvester , inferior cochineal, IV. 779, 1 ab. 
 Sylvia atricapilla (ornithology), II. 676, 1 c 
 (ill.). S. hortensis, 437, 1 a. 
 
 Sylvi'adce (ornithology), II. 437, 1 a. 
 
 Sylvine [siT-vin], IV. 501, 2 a; XIII. 759, 2 c. 
 Sylvius, Jacobus, French anatomist, XV. 538. 
 
 Fissure of Sylvius, 1 b; III. 191, 2 ab. 
 Symbolon Portus , bay of Balaklava, II. 231, 2 b. 
 Symbols, Chemical, XV. 538. 
 
 Syme, James, Scottish surgeon, XV. 539. 
 
 Syme’s operation, 1 be. 
 
 Symmaohus, Ccelius [sim'-ma-kus], a pope and 
 saint, XV. 539; I. 385, 1 a. 
 
 Symmaohus, Quintus Aurelius, Roman author, 
 XV. 539. 
 
 Symmes, John Cleves [slmz], American soldier, 
 XV. 539. 
 
 Symmetrical affections, in pathology, III. 310,2b. 
 Sympathetic Ink : see Ink, IX. 284, 1 b ; Bis¬ 
 muth, II. 667,1 be; Cobalt, IV. 767, 1 c. 
 
 Sympathetic system , of nervea, XII. 234, 2 c; 
 238, 1 c. 
 
 Symphony, in music, XV. 539; XII. 90, 2 c. 
 Symphoricarpus (botany), XV. 136, 1 b. S. 
 raceinosus, 2 a (ill.); occidentals, ib. ; vul¬ 
 garis, ib. 
 
 Sym'phytum officina’le (botany), V. 141, 2 a 
 (ill.). 
 
 Sympleg'ades : see Argonauts, I. 696, 2 c. 
 Symplocarpus (botany), XV. 82, 2 c. S. foeti- 
 dus, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Symposium , Plato's , groundwork of, 1.179, 2 b. 
 Synagogue, Jewish place of worship, XV. 540. 
 The great (“men of the great assembly”): 
 see Hebrews, VIII. 591, 1 a. 
 
 Synapta (zoology), XIV. 727, 2 c. S. Duver- 
 na9 (ill.), 728. 
 
 Synaspismus, Greekattackingcolumn,I. 740,2a. 
 Syncope [sing'-ko-pe], swoon, III. 197, 2 c. 
 
 Treatment of, 198, 1 ab. 
 
 Syncretism, plan of church union, III. 619, 1 b. 
 Synergistic controversy, in the Lutheran church, 
 X. 733, 1 b. 
 
 Synesius, Greek philosopher, XV. 540. 
 Syn’gnathus (ichthyology), VII. 239, 2 a; X. 
 635, 1 c; XIII. 536, 1 ab. S. Peckianus, 
 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Synod, in church organization : Presbyterian, 
 XIII. 809, 1 b; Reformed (Dutch) church in 
 America, XIV. 258, 1 ab; Reformed church 
 in the United States, 260, 1 b. 
 
 “ Synod of the oalc ,” V. 618, 1 be ; IV. 563, 2 a. 
 Synovia, animal lubricating fluid, I. 784, 1 b. 
 Synovial membrane , sac, or sheath (anatomy), 
 I. 784, 1 b (ill.). Dropsy of the, VII. 611, 2 c. 
 Syntaxis, of Ptolemy, XIV. 64, 1 c. 
 
 Syn'thesis, in logic, XIII. 430, 2 ab. 
 
 Syphax, Numidian prince, XV. 540. SeeMASi- 
 
 NISSA. 
 
 Syph'ilis, disease, XI. 349, 2 ab, b; 350, 1 ab. 
 
 As a cause of insanity, IX. 300, 1 ab. 
 Syphon, XV. 541. Syphon recorder, for ocean 
 telegraphy, 719, 2 b. 
 
 Syra, Grecian island, XV. 541. Capital, 1 b. 
 Syracuse [sir-a-kuce'J, province of Sicily, XV. 
 541. Capital, 1 c (view, 542). History, 2 a. 
 War with Athens, VIII. 193, 1 c. 
 
 Syracuse, city of New York, XV. 543. 
 
 Syria, territory of Asiatic Turkey, XV. 544. 
 Description, 2 b. Geology, 545, 1 b. Cli¬ 
 mate, 1 c. Productions, 2 a. Inhabitants, 
 546, 1 a. History, 1 c. 
 
 Syriac Language and Literature, XV. 547 
 (ill., alphabet); I. 631, 2 ab. 
 
SYRIAN 
 
 TACITUS 
 
 729 
 
 Syrian Christians (Jacobites), XII. 240, 2 c. j 
 Of Malabar and Travancoro (Christians of 
 St. Thomas), XI. 47, 2 c; 646, 2 c. 
 
 Syrian sea , XI. 354,1 a (Mediterranean Sea). 
 
 Syrianus , Greek philosopher, XIV. 25, 2 c. 
 
 Syringa, plant and genus: see Lilac, X. 468, 
 
 1 b. S. vulgaris, 1 c; Persica, 2 a; Josikiea, 
 Emodi, and dubia (Rothomagensis), 2 c. See 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 Syringe, hypodermic or subcutaneous , XII. 650, 
 
 1 a. 
 
 Syrinx, in Greek mythology, XIII. 31, 2 b. 
 Shepherd’s flute, origin of, ib. 
 
 Syrni'nce (ornithology), XII. 754, 1 c. 
 
 Syrnium (ornithology), XII. 754,2 a. S. cinere- 
 um ,ib.; nebulosum, 2 ab (ill.); aluco, 755,1 a. 
 
 Syros : see Syra. 
 
 Syr'phidce (entomology), VI. 130, 1 a. 
 
 Syrtica, in ancient geography, XV. 549, 1 b. 
 
 Syrtis (entomology), VIII. 629, 2 b. 
 
 Syrtis Major, and Syrtis Minor, gulfs, XV. 549. 
 
 Syselman, county officer in Iceland, IX. 152,2 be. 
 
 Sysla, county in Ioeland, IX. 152, 2 be. 
 Szabadka [sob'-od-kaw], town of Hungary, 
 XV. 549. 
 
 Szabolcs [sob'-olch], county of Hungary, XV. 
 549. 
 
 Szala [sol'-aw]: see Zala. 
 
 Szalay, Laszlo [sol'-aw-e], Hungarian histo¬ 
 rian, XV. 549. 
 
 Szatmar [sot'-mar], county of Hungary, XV. 
 549. Capital, 2 b. 
 
 Szczekociny [shtcheh-ko'-tse-ne], Poland, battle 
 of, X. 48, 2 a. 
 
 Szechenyi, Istvan, count [sa'-chen-ye], Hunga¬ 
 rian statesman, XV. 549. 
 
 Szegedin [sa'-geh-din], city of Hungary, XV. 
 549. 
 
 Szekelys [sa'-keh-lees]: see Szeklers (Index). 
 Szeklers [sek'-lers]: see Transylvania, XV. 
 846, 2 a. 
 
 Szolnok, Middle [sol'-nok], county of Hungary, 
 XV. 550. Town, 2 a. 
 
 Szybik [she'-bik], kind of salt, XIV. 573, 2 b. 
 
 T 
 
 T, a letter, XV. 550. How its sound is pro¬ 
 duced, 1 ab. Interchanges, 1 b. Combined 
 with h, ib. In modern European languages, 
 
 1 be. As a numeral, 1 c; an abbreviation, 
 ib. See D. 
 
 Taba'nus (entomology), VI. 129, 2 a; VII. 550, 
 
 2 c. T. bovinus, atratus, cinctus, and lineola, 
 VI. 129, 2 a. 
 
 Tab'ard inn, London, X. 620, 1 ab. 
 
 Tabasco, state of Mexico, XV. 550. 
 
 Tabasheer', vegetable secretion, II. 261, 1 b. 
 Tabellio'nes foren'ses, notaries, XII. 517, 2 b. 
 
 island in the Nile, XI. 728,2 b; 729,1 a. 
 Tabernacle, Hebrew sanctuary, XV. 550; 
 652, 2 a. 
 
 Tabernacles, Feast of, XV. 551. 
 Tabernac'ulum, Roman tent, XV. 652,2 ab (ill.). 
 Ta'bes dorsa'lis, spinal disease, XV. 270, 1 c. 
 Table, of the diamond, VI. 75, 1 b. 
 
 “Table, thef in the church constitution of the 
 Waldenses, XVI. 425, 1 a. 
 
 Table lands: see Mountain, XII. 8, 1 a. 
 
 Table mountain , Cape Colony (3,816 ft. high), 
 III. 752, 2 b (ill.). South Carolina (Pickens 
 co.), XV. 194, 1 a. 
 
 Tablet of Abydos, I. 42, 1 b; XV. 689, 1 ab. 
 New, XI. 166, 1 be. 
 
 Tablet of Tuthmosis, at Karnak, XV. 689, 1 a. 
 Taboo', a custom of the S. Pacific islands, XII. 
 
 412, 2 b; VII. Ill, 1 c. 
 
 Tabor, Mount, in Palestine, XV. 551. In 
 Bohemia, XVI. 829, 2 be. 
 
 Taborites : see Hussites. 
 
 Tabot , in Abyssinian churches, I. 49, 1 b. 
 Tabriz [ta-breez'], city of Persia, XV. 551 (ill.). 
 Tab'ula Amalphitana , maritime code, 1.374,2 a. 
 Tabula Bantina, bronze tablet, IX. 440, 1 b. 
 Tabulae Heracleenses, VIII. 669, 2 c. 
 
 Tabula pads: see Pax, XIII. 198, 2 b. 
 
 Tabula Peutingerana, map, XIII. 376, 1 a. 
 Tabulata: see Millepore, XI. 551, 1 a, b. 
 Tacazze [ta-kat'-seh], river, I. 43, 2 c. 
 
 Tacca, plant, XIV. 591, 2 a. 
 
 Tache v Alexandre [ta-sha], Canadian archbish¬ 
 op, XV. 551. 
 
 Tachenius [ta-ke'-ne-us], (Otto, German chemist 
 in Venice; works, 1655—’68), IV. 359, 2 ab. 
 Tachina anon’yma [tak'-e-na], (entomology), 
 XIV. 374, 1 be. 
 
 Tachos [ta'-kos], Egyptian rebel, I. 186, 2 c. 
 Tachypetes [ta-kip'-e-teez], (ornithology), VII. 
 499, 2 ab. T. aquilus, 2 c (ill.); ariel, re¬ 
 ferred to, 500, 1 a. 
 
 Tacitus, Caius Cornelius, Roman historian, 
 
730 
 
 TACITUS 
 
 TALENT 
 
 XV. 552; X. 197, 2 c. Manuscript of his 
 “Annals,” X. 47, 2 be. 
 
 Tacitus, Marcus Claudius, Roman emperor, 
 XY. 552. 
 
 Tacking , of a ship, XIY. 867, 1 b. 
 Tack'maiiack : see Poplak, XIII. 712, 2 a. 
 Tacks , in a ship, XIV. 865, 2 b. 
 
 Tacksmen, in the Hebrides, VIII. 600, 2 b. 
 Tacon , Madagascan vehicle, X. 812, 1 be. 
 Tacon'ic System : see United States, XYI. 
 123, 2 a. Taconic mountains, VIII. 235, 2 b. 
 See Taghkanic range (Index). 
 
 Tacsonia (botany), XIII. 151, 2 c. 
 
 Tactics, modern military , inventor of, X. 357, 
 1 c. Upton’s system of infantry tactics, IX. 
 270, 1 a. See Aemy (Index). 
 
 Tactile corpuscles , of the nerves, XII. 232, 2 c; 
 XV. 820, 2 b. 
 
 Tacubaya, massacre of [ta-koo-ba'-ya], XI. 
 187, 2 b. 
 
 Tadema, Lourenz Alma [al'-ma ta-da'-ma], 
 Dutch painter, XV. 552. 
 
 Tadmor : see Palmyra. 
 
 Tadolini, Adamo [ta-do-le'-ne], Italian sculp¬ 
 tor, XV. 552. 
 
 Tadorna (ornithology), XIV. 843,1 a. T. vul- 
 panser, 1 ab (ill.). 
 
 Tadousac [ta-doo-sak'], county seat, XIV. 
 521, 2 c. 
 
 Tadpole : see Frog, VII. 504, 1 c (ills.). 
 
 Tael [tale], Chinese weight and money,XV. 553. 
 T^enarum [ten'-a-rum]: see Cape Matapan. 
 Taenia , in the Doric order, I. 656, 2 b. 
 
 Taenia solium (entozoa), VI. 664, 2 c (ills., 
 664-’5). T. echinococcus, 666, 1 a (ill.); 
 coenurus, 2 ab. 
 
 Tcenioidea , VI. 663, 2 c. 
 
 Taffi, Andrea (1213-’94), Italian sculptor, XI. 
 857, 2 b. 
 
 Tafilet', division of Morocco, XV. 553. 
 Taganrog', city of Russia, XV. 553. 
 
 Ta'ges , Etrurian demon, VI. 765, 2 c. 
 
 Tagetes [ta-je'-teez], (botany), XI. 166, 2 b. 
 T. erecta, 2 be (ill.) ; patula, 2 c (ill.) ; signata 
 and lucida, ib. 
 
 Taghkanic range [ta-ka'-nik], XII. 355, 1 c. 
 
 See Taconic System (Index). 
 
 Tagliacozzi [ta-lya-kot'-se]: see Taliacotius. 
 Taglioni, Filippo [ta-lyo'-ne], Italian ballet 
 master, XV. 553. Maria, dancer, 2 a. Paul, 
 ballet master, 2 b. Maria, his daughter, 2 b. 
 Taguan[tn-gwa,n r ], flying squirrel, VII. 299,2 ab. 
 Tagus, river of Spain and Portugal, XV. 553. 
 Tagus , Thessalian chief general, XIII. 387, 1 b. 
 
 Taherides [ta'-her-ids], Turkish dynasty in 
 Ivhorasan (820-872), XVI. 69, 1 b. 
 
 Tah-gali-jute, X. 575, 1 b (Logan). 
 
 Tahiti [ta-he'-te]: see Society Islands. 
 
 Tah'lequah, capital of the Cherokee nation, 
 XV. 554. 
 
 Tahoe, lake [ta'-ho], XII. 264, 1 a. 
 
 Tahraka , Ethiopian king, VI. 749, 2 be. 
 
 Taihu [ti-hoo'J, lake of China, IV. 443, 1 ab. 
 
 Taiko Sama [ti'-ko sa'-ma] : see Hideyoshi 
 (Index). 
 
 Taikun [ti-koon'J : see Japan, IX. 543, 1 be. 
 
 Tail, law word (fee tail), origin of, VII. 109,1 a. 
 
 Tail coverts , in plumage, VII. 105, 2 c. 
 
 Tailings, of ore, XI. 422,1 b; VIII. 85,1 a; XV. 
 52, 1 b. 
 
 Tailler [ta-ya]: see Tail (Index). 
 
 Taine, Hippolyte Adolphe [tain], French au¬ 
 thor, XV. 554; I. 154, 1 b (^Esthetics). 
 
 Taiping Rebellion [ti-ping']: see China, IV. 
 463, 2 b, ff. 
 
 Tait, Archibald Campbell, archbishop of Can¬ 
 terbury, XV. 554. 
 
 Tait, Peter Guthrie, British mathematician, 
 XV. 554. 
 
 Taiwang-foo [tl-wang-foo'], capital of Formosa, 
 VII. 322, 1 c. 
 
 Taj el-Arus [taj el-a-roos'], native Arabic dic¬ 
 tionary, I. 623, 1 c. 
 
 Tajiks [ta-jeeks'], Iranic race, IX. 347, 1 a; 
 II. 209, 1 b, 799, 1 ab; XVI. 67, 1 c. 
 
 Taj Mahal, mausoleum, I. 191, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Tajo [ta'- k ho]: see Tagus. 
 
 Tajurra [ta-joor'-ra], town of Africa, I. 80, 
 1 ab. Bay of, 79, 2 c. 
 
 Takkara nation, referred to, VI. 766, 1 b. 
 
 Tak Kesra, ruins of, V. 543, 2 c. 
 
 Talabri'ga: see Talavera de la Reyna. 
 
 Talapoin, Buddhist priests, XIII. 832, 1 c. 
 
 Talavera de la Reyna [ta-la-va'-ra da la ra'- 
 e-na], town of Spain, XV. 554. 
 
 Talbot [tawl'-but], two counties, XV. 554. 
 
 Talbot, William Henry Fox, English author, 
 XV. 554. (Died 1877.) 
 
 Talbot breed of hounds, II. 736, 2 c; 737, 1 b. 
 
 Talbotton, county seat, XV. 554, 2 be. 
 
 Talc, mineral, XV. 555. 
 
 Talcahuana [tal-ka-wa'-na], port of Chili, V. 
 198, 1 ab. 
 
 Talcose slates, so called, XIV. 371, 1 ab. 
 
 Talegalla Lathami (ornithology), III. 367, 1 b 
 (ill.). 
 
 Talent, ancient weight and denomination of 
 money, XV. 555. 
 
TALFOURD 
 
 TANACETUM 
 
 7 31 
 
 Talfourd, Sir Thomas Noon [tawl'-furd], Eng¬ 
 lish author, XV. 555. 
 
 Taliacotian operation , in surgery, XV. 556, 
 la; II. 156, 2 a. 
 
 Taliacotius, Gasparo, Italian surgeon, XV. 556. 
 Taliafeero [pronounced tol'-e-ver], X\. 556. 
 Talifa [ta-le-foo'], lake of, China, XVI. 801, 2 a. 
 Tal'ipes equi'nus, club-foot, IV. 718, 2 a; 719, 
 
 1 c. T. varus, 718, 2 be; valgus, 2 c. 
 Talipot Tree: see Palm, XIII. 20, 2 c. Re¬ 
 ferred to, I. 510, 2 a. 
 
 Tails Qualls , pseudonyme, XV. 515, 1 c. 
 Tallade'ga, county, XV. 556. 
 
 Talladega, city of Alabama, XV. 556. 
 Tallahassee, capital of Florida, XV. 556. 
 Tallahatchie, river of Mississippi, XV. 556. 
 Tallahatchie, county, XV. 556. 
 
 Tallapoosa, river of Georgia and Alabama, 
 XV. 556. 
 
 Tallapoosa, county, XV. 556. 
 Talleyrand-Peeigoed, Charles Maurice, prince 
 de [tal-la-ra ng -pa-re-gor], French statesman, 
 XV. 557. Intrigues to extort money from 
 the United States commissioners, 1.91, 2 c, ff. 
 Pinckney’s reply to him, XIII. 521, 1 a. 
 
 Tall fescue , grass, VIII. 168, 1 c. 
 
 Tallies, Jean Lambert [ta-lya ng ], French revo¬ 
 lutionist, XV. 558. 
 
 Tallien, Maclame : see Chimay, princess of, 
 and III. 46, 2 be. 
 
 Tallmadge , AT. P. (Nathaniel P., 1795-1864, 
 U. S. senator from New York 1833-’44, 
 governor of Wisconsin territory 1844-5), 
 referred to, XV. 278, 2 a. 
 
 Tallow, XV. 559. Vegetable tallow, 1 b. 
 Tallow Teee, XV. 559 (ill.); IV. 445, 2 c. 
 Tallulah , county seat, IX. 436, 1 b. 
 
 Talma, Francois Joseph, French actor, XV. 
 
 559. Mme. Talma, actress, 560, 1 b. 
 Talmage, Thomas De Witt [tal'-mage], Ameri¬ 
 can clergyman, XV. 560. 
 
 Talmud, body of Jewish laws, &c., XV. 560. 
 See Mishna, and Hebrews, VIII. 595, 1 b. 
 Language of the, I. 631, 2 c. 
 
 Talon , in ecart6, VI. 384, 2 b. 
 
 Taloolcdars, a landed nobility of Oude, XII. 
 739, 1 c. 
 
 Talpa (zoology), XI. 705,1 c. T. Europma, 
 1 c (ill.); ceeca, 2 b. 
 
 Talus , deified inventor of the saw, XIV. 651,1 b. 
 Tahi, nom de plume, XIV. 361, 2 b. 
 
 Tama [ta'-ma], county, XV. 561. 
 
 Tama , Feejee indication of respect, VII- 111,2 a. 
 Tamandua : see Ant-Eater, I. 544, 1 be. 
 
 Tamanend, mythical Delaware chief, 1.778,1 a. 
 Tamanoir , ant-eater, I. 544, 1 a. 
 
 Tamaqua [ta-maw'-kwa], borough of Pennsyl¬ 
 vania, XV. 561. 
 
 Tam'arack: see Larch, X. 168, 1 a. 
 
 Tamarin , species of monkey, XI. 181, 2 b. 
 Tamarind, tree and fruit, XV. 561 (ill.). 
 
 Tamar Indus Indlca (botany),X\.561,lbc(ill.). 
 Tamarisk, shrub, XV. 561. Common, 562,1 a 
 (ill.). Tamarisk manna, 1 b. 
 
 Tamarix (botany), XV. 561, 2 c. T. Gallica, 
 562, 1 a (ill.); Africana, mannifera, and ori- 
 entalis, 1 b. 
 
 Tamasp ', king of Persia, XII. 123, 2 a. 
 Tamatave [ta-ma-ta'-veh], town and port of 
 Madagascar, XV. 562. 
 
 Tamaulipas [ta-mow-le'-pas], state of Mexico, 
 XV. 562. 
 
 Tamberlik, Enrico, Italian singer, XV. 562. 
 Tambookis , African tribe, III. 547, 1 c. 
 Tambourine [tam-boo-reen'], musical instru¬ 
 ment, XV. 562. 
 
 Tambov', government of Russia, XV. 562. 
 Capital city, 2 c. 
 
 Tamburini, Antonio [tam-boo-re'-ne], Italian 
 singer, XV. 562. (Died 1876.) 
 
 Tamburini, Pietro, Italian theologian, XV. 563. 
 Tamerlane': see Timour ; Samaecand, XIV. 
 
 589, 1 a, b; IX. 208, 1 ab. 
 
 Tam’esis , Tamesa: see Thames. 
 
 Tamgha , heraldic sign of Turkish sovereigns, 
 V. 562, 1 a. 
 
 Tamias (zoology), IV. 489, 1 c. T. striatus, 
 lb. (ill.)*, quadrivittatus, 2 be; Pallasii, lb. 
 Tamils' : see India, Races and Languages of, 
 IX. 215, 1 be. Tamil language, 219, 2 c; 
 alphabet, 220, 1 ab; grammar, 221, 1 a. 
 Tamina, gorge of the [ta-me'-na], XIII. 377, 2 b. 
 Tammany : see Tamanend (Index). 
 
 Tammuz (or Thammuz, oriental Adonis, widely 
 worshipped: see Ezek. viii. 14), referred to, 
 XII. 118, 1 c. 
 
 Tamoyas , S. American Indians, XVI. 41, 1 c. 
 Tarnpq , county seat, VIII. 729, 1 b. Tampa 
 bay, lb. 
 
 Tampang , cakes of benzoin, II. 545, 2 ab; 
 
 currency of the Bataks, lb. 
 
 Tampico [tam-pe'-ko],town of Mexico, XV. 563. 
 Tamping , in blasting rock, II. 699,1 c. lamp¬ 
 ing rod, 2 a. Tamping bar, XIII. 94, 1 be. 
 Tamulians , people of India, IX. 214, 2 be; 
 215, 1 be. 
 
 Tamuls , people of India, IX. 215, 1 be. 
 
 Tanace’turn vulga're (botany), XV. 567, 2 c (ill.). 
 
732 
 
 TANAGER 
 
 TARDIGRADES 
 
 Tan'ager, bird, XY. 5G3. Scarlet tanager, 
 2 ab (ill.). Mississippi tanager, or summer 
 red bird, 2 c. Bishop tanager, 564, 1 b. 
 Festive tanager, ib. 
 
 Tanagra (ornithology), XV. 564, 1 ab. T. 
 episcopus, 1 b. 
 
 Tanagri'nee (ornithology), XY. 563, 1 c. 
 Tanaim , Jewish teachers, YIII. 594, 2 c. 
 Tanais [tan'-a-is]: see Don. 
 
 Tananarivo [ta-na-na'-re-vo], capital of Mada¬ 
 gascar, XY. 564. 
 
 Tanaquil , queen of Rome, XY. 572, 2 c; XIY. 
 785, 1 c. 
 
 Tanchelin [tan'-keh-lin], religious fanatic, I. 
 
 81, 2 c. (Killed by a priest about 1115.) 
 Tancred, Italian crusader, XY. 564. 
 
 Taney [taw'-ne], county, XY. 564. 
 
 Taney, Roger Brooke, American jurist, XY. 
 
 565. Dred Scott decision, 1 c. 
 
 Tanganyika [tan-ga-nye'-ka], lake of Africa, 
 XY. 565; I. 167, 1 ab; XII. 447, 2 b. 
 Tangena , poisonous fruit, XII. 675, 1 c; X. 
 813, 1 be. 
 
 Tangent , in mathematics, XY. 865, 2 c. 
 Tangent galvanometer , YII. 594, 2 ab (ill.). 
 Tanggalung, civet, II. 403, 1 c. 
 
 Tangier [tan-jeer'], or Tangiers, city of Mo¬ 
 rocco, XY. 566. 
 
 Tangipaho'a, parish of Louisiana, XY. 566. 
 Tangle , species of algm, I. 299, 1 c. 
 
 Tanistry, law of, III. 245, 2 a. 
 
 Tanjore', district of India, XY. 566. Capital, 
 567, 1 a (ill., 566). 
 
 Tanjore pills, IY. 772, 2 ab. 
 
 Tanjur [tan-joor'], lamaic work, X. 117, 2 b. 
 Tank cars , for petroleum, XIII. 372, 1 a. 
 Tankia, boat population of Canton, III. 728,1 c. 
 Tannaiiill, Robert, Scottish poet, XY. 567. 
 Tannates (chemistry), YII. 584, 1 b. 
 
 Tannio Acid, XY. 567; I. 571, 2 a, ab; YII. 
 
 577, 2 c, 584, 1 ab; X. 272, 1 b. 
 
 Tannin: see Tannio Acid (Index). 
 
 Tanning : see Leather, X. 273, 1 be, tf. Tan¬ 
 ning materials, 272, 1 b. 
 
 Tansy, plant, XY. 567 (ill.). 
 
 Tantallon castle, Scotland, II. 587, 1 a. 
 Tan'talum: see Columbium. 
 
 Tantalus, in Greek mythology, XY. 568. 
 Tantalus (ornithology), XYI. 708, 2 c. T. lo- 
 culator, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Tantras, in Hindoo literature, IX. 229, 1 c. 
 Tanzimat, Turkish board of reforms, I. 2, 1 b. 
 Tao [tow], religion of the, in China, IY. 454, 2 b. 
 Too, division of Corea, Y. 350, 1 c. 
 
 Taormina [towr-me'-na]: see Tauromenium, 
 XY. 585, 2 c. 
 
 Taos [ta'-oce], county, XY. 568. 
 
 Tao-sze [tow-sa'], Chinese sect, IY. 454, 2 be. 
 Tap, tool, XIY. 712, 2 be. 
 
 Tap, puddling cinder, IX. 400, 2 ab. 
 
 Tapa [ta'-pa], bark cloth, XII. 30, 1 a; III. 
 234, 2 c; II. 314, 1 b. 
 
 Tapajos [ta-pa'-zhoce], river of Brazil, III. 220, 
 1 a. 
 
 Tapanooly residency, Sumatra, II. 379, 2 b; 
 
 XY. 464, 1 be (Tapanuli). 
 
 Tape Grass: see Yalisneria, XYI. 249, 1 c. 
 Tap'estry, XY. 568. 
 
 Tapeworm: see Entozoa, YI. 663, 2 c. Com¬ 
 mon tapeworm, 664, 2 c (ills., 664, 665). 
 See Embryology, YI. 566, 1 b, and I. 61, 
 
 1 c. Remedy for, XI. 64, 1 a. 
 
 Ta’pia edu'lis (botany), X. 810, 1 be. 
 
 Tapio'ca : see Cassava, IY. 62, 2 b. 
 
 Ta'pir, ungulate mammal, XY. 568. Amerb 
 can, 569, 1 a (ill.); Asiatic, 1 ab. 
 Tapirotherium (zoology), X. 635, 1 b. 
 
 Tapi'rus (zoology), XY. 568, 2 b. T. Ameri- 
 canus, 569, 1 a (ill.); Malayanus, 1 ab. 
 Tappahannock, county seat, YI. 735, 1 c. 
 Tappan, Arthur (1786-1865), merchant and 
 abolitionist, YII. 629, 1 a; XY. 100, 1 a. 
 Tappan, Henry Philip, American clergyman, 
 XY. 569. On logic, X. 582, 1 c. 
 
 Tappan bay, on the Hudson, IX. 30, 1 b. 
 Tapping, for dropsy, YI. 266, 2 c. 
 
 Taprob'ane, Greek name of Ceylon, IY. 221, 2 c. 
 Taptee', river of India, XY. 484, 1 c; IX. 202, 
 
 2 b (see map). 
 
 Tapu [ta-poo']: see Taboo (Index). 
 
 Taquia [ta-ke'-a], kind of fuel, X. 159, 1 c. 
 Tar, XY. 569. Uses of wood tar, 570, 1 a. 
 
 Tar water, 1 b. Coal tar, ib. 
 
 Tar, river of North Carolina, XY. 570. 
 Tardbazan': see Trebizond, XY. 853, 1 be. 
 Tarablus [ta-ra'-bloos]: see Tripoli, in Syria. 
 Tar’antism, nervous affection, XY. 570, 2 c. 
 
 Tarantismus, Y. 663, 2 c. 
 
 Taranto [ta'-ran-to], city of Italy, XY. 570. 
 History, 2 a. 
 
 Taranto, Duke of : see Macdonald, X. 778,1 c. 
 Taran'tula, spider, XY. 570; 265, 1 c. 
 Tarapacd desert, Peru, XIII. 337, 1 a. 
 
 Tarare [ta-rar], town of France, XY. 571. 
 Tarascon [ta-ras-ko ng ], town, France, XV. 571. 
 Tarbes [tarb], town of France, XY. 571. 
 Tarboro, county seat, YI. 404, 1 b. 
 Tardigrades : see Sloth. 
 
TxYRE 
 
 TASSILO 
 
 733 
 
 Tare : see Vetch. 
 
 Tarentine games [tar'-en-tin], XIV. 746, 2 b. 
 Taren'tola (zoology), VII. 656, 1 c. 
 
 Tarentula: see Tarantula. 
 
 Tarentum : see Taranto, XV. 570, 2 a. 
 
 Target [tar'-ghet], shield, XIV. 853, 1 c. 
 Targovitza , confederation of XIII. 647, 2 c. 
 Targums, Aramaic versions of the Hebrew 
 Scriptures, XV. 571; I. 631, 2 c. 
 
 Tarif [ta-reef']: see Tarik (Index). 
 
 Tarifa [ta-re'-fa], town of Spain, XV. 572. 
 Tariff, derivation of the word, XV. 572, 1 ab. 
 United States protective tariff of 1816, sup¬ 
 ported by Calhoun, III. 585, 1 c; of 1828, 
 
 586, 2 a, XVI. 166, 2 a; of 1832, 2 c, III. 
 
 587, 1 c. Clay’s compromise tariff of 1833, 
 XVI. 167, 1 b, III. 587, 2 b; its leading fea¬ 
 tures, IV. 654, 2 a. Tariff of 1842, XVI. 530, 
 2 ab, III. 590, 1 c; of 1846, XVI. 169, 1 ab. 
 
 Tariffville, Conn . (Hartford co.), IV. 21, 2 b. 
 Tarik (or Tarif) ben Zeyad [ta-reek' ben za- 
 yad'], Saracen leader, VII. 800, 2 c; XV. 
 572, 1 ab (Tarif ibn Malek). 
 
 Tarkhan', princely title, XIV. 589, 1 b. 
 
 Tar lake, in Trinidad, II. 672, 2 ab. 
 
 Tarleton, Bannastre, English soldier, XV. 
 
 572. “ Tarleton’s quarter,” 1 be. 
 
 Tarn, department of France, XV. 572. 
 Tarn-et-Garonne [tarn-a-ga-run], department 
 of France, XV. 572. 
 
 Taro [ta'-ro], Hawaiian plant, VIII. 526, 2 b. 
 
 A species of, VII. 807, 1 b. 
 
 Tarots [ta-ro], game of cards, III. 783, 1 a. 
 Tarpeia [tar-pe'-ya], Roman maiden, XV. 572. 
 
 Tarpeian rock, 2 be. Its position, III. 756, 2 a. 
 Tarquin, kings of Rome, XV. 572. Lucius 
 Tarquinius Priscus, 2 be. Lucius Tarquin- 
 ius Superbus, 573, 1 a; XIV. 785, 2 a, 261, 
 2 b. Story of Lucretia, XV. 573, 1 b. 
 Tarquinii , ancient city of Etruria, VI. 765, 2 a. 
 Tarquinius, Sextus , XV. 573, 1 b. 
 
 Tarquinius Collatinus, XV. 573, 1 b; III. 369, 
 2 c. . 
 
 Tarraci'na: see Terraoina, XV. 660, 2 c. 
 Tar'raco: see Tarragona, XV. 573, 2 b. 
 Tarragani: see Terrai (Index). 
 
 Tarragon, plant, XV. 573; I. 773, 2 c. 
 Tarragona, province of Spain, XV. 573. Cap¬ 
 ital city, 2 b. 
 
 Tarranseens, Abenaqui Indians, I. 19, 2 c. 
 Tarrant, county, XV. 573. 
 
 Tarrytown, village of New York, XV. 574. 
 Tarshish, Phoenician city, XV. 574. Cartha¬ 
 ginian trade with, IV. 36, 2 b. 
 
 Tarsus, city of Turkey, XV. 574. 
 
 Tartan, a Scottish fabric, XIV. 700, 2 a. 
 
 Tartan , Assyrian general-in-chief (title), II. 
 35, 1 b, 2 c. 
 
 Tartar, XV. 574. Crude tartar, XVI. 666, 
 2 be. Soluble tartar, XIII. 763, 1 c. 
 
 Tartar, Cream of: see Cream of Tartar. 
 
 Tartar Emetic, XV. 574; V. 469, 1 c ; I. 565, 
 2 b. Tartar emetic poisoning, remedy for, 2 c. 
 
 Tartar of the teeth, XV. 574, 2 b; VI. 105,1 ab. 
 
 Tartaric Acid, XV. 574; 576, 2 b. Varieties 
 of, 575, 1 c. 
 
 Tartarotti, able, controversy on witches and 
 magicians, III. 791, 1 b. 
 
 Tartars, Mongolian or Turanian race, XV. 575. 
 
 Tar'tarus, in Grecian mythology, XV. 576; 
 XIII. 623, 1 a. 
 
 Tartarus vitriolatus (chemistry), XIII. 761,1 c. 
 
 Tartary, region of Asia, XV. 576. See Tur- 
 kistan, XVI. 66, 1 be. 
 
 Tartessus (ancient town and district of S. 
 Spain): see Tarshish, XV. 574, 1 b, 2 a. 
 
 Tartini, Giuseppe [tar-te'-ne], Italian violinist, 
 XV. 576. Composition of his “Devil’s So¬ 
 nata,” VI. 254, 2 b (Dream). 
 
 Tartrate of potash and soda: see Kochelle Salt. 
 
 Tartrates (chemistry), XV. 576. 
 
 Tartufe, comedy of Moliere, XI. 719, 1 b, c. 
 
 Tarudant', city of Morocco, XV. 577. 
 
 Taruga [ta-roo'-ga], species of deer, V. 758, 2 a. 
 
 Tarvisium: see Treviso, XV. 862, 1 c. 
 
 Tascher de la Pagerie [ta-sha dull la pazh-re]: 
 see Bonaparte, Josephine, III. 46, 2 a. 
 
 Taschereau, Elzear Alexandre [tasli-ro], Cana¬ 
 dian archbishop, XV. 577. 
 
 Taschereau, Jules Antoine, French author, 
 XV. 577. 
 
 Tashkend', city of Turkistan, XV. 577. 
 
 Tasman, Abel Janssen, Dutch navigator, XV. 
 577; VII. 113, 2 a. 
 
 Tasmania, British colony, XV. 577. Island, 
 2 c; other islands, 578,1 a. Surface, 1 b. Min¬ 
 erals, 2 a. Climate, 2 ab. Soil and produc¬ 
 tions, 2 b. Animals, 2 c. Commerce, 579, 
 1 a. Intercommunication, 1 ab. Aborigines, 
 1 b. Inhabitants, 1 be. Religion, 1 c. Ed¬ 
 ucation, ib. Government, 2 a. History, 2 b. 
 
 Tasmanian or native devil, V. 698, 2 c. 
 
 Tasmanian wolf, XV. 578, 2 c. See Thyla- 
 cine. 
 
 Tassaert, Nicolas Francois Octave [tas-sair], 
 French painter, XV. 579. 
 
 Tassilo, duke of Bavaria, IV. 290, 2 ab; II. 
 402, 1 a (Thassilo II.; revolted 787). 
 
734 
 
 TASSO 
 
 TAYLOR 
 
 Tasso, Bernardo, Italian poet, XV. 580. 
 
 Tasso, Torquato, Italian poet, XY. 580; IX. 
 461, 2 a. Source of liis materials for the 
 Gerusalemme liberata , I. 60, 1 b (Accolti). 
 His supposed prison, YII. 153, 1 c. 
 
 Taste, sense of, XY. 581. Essential condition, 
 582, 1 b. 
 
 Taste , principles of: see ZEstiietics. 
 
 “ Taste ” scheme , in philosophy, referred to, 
 XIII. 447, 1 b. 
 
 Tata [ta-ta/], regal title, IX. 731, 2 ab (Kaffa). 
 
 Tatar [ta'-tar]: see Tartars, XY. 576, 1 b. 
 
 Tatar-Bazarjih, Turkish town, II. 354, 2 c. 
 
 Tate, county, XY. 582. 
 
 Tate, Nahum, English poet, XY. 582. Tate 
 and Brady’s version of the Psalms, 2 be; 
 III. 182, 2 c. 
 
 Tatian, ecclesiastical writer, XY. 582. Ta- 
 tianists, 583, 1 a. Founder of the sect of 
 Aquarians, I. 609, 1 a. 
 
 Tatius, Achilles: see Aciiilles Tatius. 
 
 Tatnall, county, XY. 583. 
 
 Tatsama , in Dravidian languages, IX. 220, 1 c. 
 
 Tatta, town of British India, XY. 583. 
 
 TattersalVs , London, X. 613, 2 be. 
 
 Tattler, wading bird, XY. 583. Tell-tale 
 tattler, 2 a (ill.); spotted, 2 c. 
 
 Tauchnitz, Karl Christoph Traugott [tow k h'- 
 nits], German publisher, XY. 584. Karl 
 Christian Philipp, publisher, 1 b. Christian 
 Bernhard, baron, publisher, 1 be; X. 329, 
 2 ab. Tauchnitz editions of English classics, 
 XY. 584, 1 c. 
 
 Tattler, Johann [tow'-ler], German mystic, 
 XY. 584. His relations to the reformation, 
 YII. 763, 2 c. 
 
 Taunton [tan'-tun], city of Massachusetts, X Y. 
 584. River, 2 b, c. 
 
 Taunton, town of England, XY. 585. 
 
 Taupo [tow'-po], boiling lake in Hew Zealand, 
 YII. 784, 2 c. 
 
 Tauric Chersonesus , III. 113, 1 c. 
 
 Tauric festival, of the druids, YI. 270, 1 b. 
 
 Taurida [tow '-re-da], government of Russia, 
 XY. 585. 
 
 Tauris: see Crimea, Y. 484, 2 c, and Tabriz. 
 
 Tauro-cholate of soda, in the bile, IY. 514, 2 b. 
 
 Tauromenium, ancient city of Sicily, XY. 585. 
 
 Taurus, range of mountains, XY. 585. 
 
 Tausig, Karl [tow'-zi c h], German pianist, XY. 
 586. 
 
 Tautog : see Blackfish. 
 
 Tautoga Americana (ichthyology), II. 677, 2 c 
 (ill., 678). 
 
 Tavastehuus [ta-vas'-t&h-hoos], government 
 of Finland, XY. 586. Capital, 1 c. 
 
 Tavasts , Finnish tribe, YII. 206, 1 c. 
 
 Tavernier [ta-vair-nya], prisoner in the Bastile, 
 II. 376, 1 c. 
 
 Tavernier, Jean Baptiste, French traveller, 
 XY. 586. 
 
 Tawas City [ta'-was], county seat, IX. 332,1 a. 
 
 Taxation and representation , XY. 590, 2 ab. 
 Taxation without representation, resisted by 
 the American colonies, XYI. 154, 2 b. See 
 Otis, James, XII. 731, 1 c. First protest 
 against, I. 107, 2 c. 
 
 Taxes, XY. 586. Direct and indirect, 587,1 c. 
 Principles of taxation, 2 b. Yarious kinds of, 
 588, 2 b. Taxation and protection, 590, 2 a. 
 
 Taxidermy, XV. 590. 
 
 T agig, of the Greek church, III. 257, 1 a. 
 
 Taxodium distichum (botany), Y. 614, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Taxus (botany), XYI. 783, 2 c. T. baccata, ib ., 
 784, 1 be (ill.); brevifolia, 785, 1 be; Lind- 
 leyana, 1 c; globosa, ib. 
 
 Tay, river of Scotland, XY. 591. 
 
 Taygetus [ta-ij'-e-tus]: see Laconia, X. 83, 2 a. 
 
 Taylor, six counties, XY. 591. 
 
 Taylor, Bayard, American author, XY. 591; 
 XYI. 199, 2 a. (Minister to Germany 1878.) 
 
 Taylor, Brook, English mathematician, XY. 
 592. 
 
 Taylor, Edward T., American clergyman 
 (Father Taylor), XY. 592. 
 
 Taylor, George, a signer of the Declaration of 
 Independence, XY. 592. 
 
 Taylor, Sir Henry, English poet, XY. 592. 
 
 Taylor, Isaac, English author, XY. 593. Jef¬ 
 freys, 1 c. Ann and Jane, ib. Isaac, cler¬ 
 gyman, 2 a. 
 
 Taylor, Isidore S6verin Justin, baron, French 
 author, XY. 593. 
 
 Taylor, Jeremy, English theologian, XY. 593. 
 
 Taylor, John (“the water poet”), English 
 author, XY. 594. 
 
 Taylor, John, English minister, XY. 594. 
 
 Taylor, Hathaniel William, American clergy¬ 
 man and educator, XY. 594; XI. 815, 2 b. 
 
 Taylor, Richard, English printer, XY. 594. 
 
 Taylor, Stephen William, American educator, 
 president of Madison university, XV. 594. 
 Benjamin Franklin, author, 2 c. 
 
 Taylor, Thomas, English scholar, XY. 595. 
 
 Taylor, Tom, English author, XV. 595. 
 
 Taylor, William Cooke, Irish author, XY. 595. 
 
 Taylor, William Mackergo, American clergy¬ 
 man, XY. 595. 
 
TAYLOR 
 
 TEIAS 
 
 735 
 
 Taylor, Zachary, president of the United 
 States, XV. 595. First recipient of brevet 
 rank in the U. S. army, 2 c. His career in 
 the Mexican war, 596, 1 b, ff. Elected presi¬ 
 dent, 597, 1 a. His sudden death, 2 a. 
 
 Taylor institution , at Oxford, XII. 763, 2 b. 
 
 Taylor's logarithmic tables , X. 578, 1 c. 
 
 Taylorsville, county seats, I. 275, 2 be; IX. 
 656, 2 b; XV. 257, 2 b. 
 
 Taylorville , county seat, IV. 524, 1 c. 
 
 Tazewell [taz'-wel], two counties, XV. 597. 
 
 Tazewell , county seat, IV. 628, 1 a. 
 
 Tazewell Court House, county seat, XV. 597, 2 b. 
 
 Tchad, lake of Africa, XV. 597. 
 
 Tchahar Bagh [cha-har' bag], pleasure ground 
 at Ispahan, IX. 435, 1 c. 
 
 Tchavdyr [chav-deer'], ruins at, I. 224, 2 b. 
 
 Tchehel Situn, palace at Ispahan, IX. 435, 1 c. 
 
 Tchelinga, chief, I. 55, 1 be (Acarnania). 
 
 Tcheremisses, Finnish tribe, VII. 207, 1 a. 
 
 Tcherlcessia: see Circassia. 
 
 Tohernigov [chSr'-ne-gov], government of Rus¬ 
 sia, XV. 598. Capital city, 1 c. 
 
 Tchernovitz: see Czernowitz. 
 
 Tchernozem, kind of soil, I. 195, 2 c. 
 
 Tchihatcheff, Petr [che-ha-chef'], Russian 
 traveller, XV. 598. 
 
 Tchad or Finnish family [chood], IX. 566, 2 c. 
 See Finns, VII. 206, 2 ab. 
 
 Tchudic lalce, XIII. 227, 2 c. 
 
 Tchuf ut Kale [ choo-foot' ka-la'], (Jews’ Castle), 
 II. 229, 2 c. 
 
 Tchuktchis [chook-chees'], native tribe in Si¬ 
 beria, XV. 598; VI. 729, 2 b. In Alaska, 
 XV. 598, 2 ab. 
 
 Tchuvashes, Finnish tribe, VII. 207, 1 ab. 
 
 Tea, XV. 598. Tea plant, 2 b (ill.). Culture 
 of, 599, 1 c; varieties, 600, 2 a. Adultera¬ 
 tions, 2 b; “lie tea,” 601, 1 a; tea leaf, 1 c 
 (ill.). Chemical constituents of, 2 a. Prep¬ 
 aration of, 2 b. Effects of, 602, 1 a. Sub¬ 
 stitutes for, 1 be; 599,1 b. Importation into 
 Great Britain and the United States, 602, 
 1 c.—Paraguay tea (Jesuits’ tea): see Mate. 
 
 Tcaberry, XVI. 674, 2 ab (Wintergreen). 
 
 Teache, in sugar works, XV. 446, 2 a. 
 
 Teachers’ Institute, XV. 602. 
 
 Teak, tree, XV. 602 (ill., 603). African teak, 
 603, 1 be. 
 
 Teal, duck, XV. 603. Green-winged, 2 a 
 (ill.); blue-winged, 2 c. 
 
 Tea party, Boston, IX. 94, 1 b; XVI. 155,1 c. 
 
 Tearer, in calico printing, III. 595, 2 c. 
 
 Tearless battle, of the Spartans, I. 650, 2 b. 
 
 Tears, XV. 604. Lachrymal glands, 1 a; 
 puncta, 1 ab; caruncle, 1 be. 
 
 Teasel, plant, XV. 604 (ills., 605). Metallic, 
 XVI. 719, 2 ab. 
 
 Teaser, machine, VIII. 344, 1 a. 
 
 Teasing, of cloth, XV. 605, 1 b. 
 
 Teasling, of cloth, XV. 605,1 b; XVI. 719,1 c. 
 
 Teate Marrucinorum [te-a'-te]: see Chieti. 
 
 Teba , Countess [ta'-ba], pseudonyme, III. 55,1 b. 
 
 Tebbad, kind of wind, II. 798, 1 c. 
 
 Tebriz: see Tabriz. 
 
 Techichimecs [ta-che-che-meks'], ancient Mexi¬ 
 can tribe, XI. 472, 1 c. 
 
 Technology, XV. 605. 
 
 TecTe, Prince, III. 646, 2 a. 
 
 Teco'ma (botany), XVI. 15, 2 c. T. radicans, 
 ib. (ill., 16); grandiflora, 16, 1 c; capensis 
 and jasminoides, ib. ; stans, 2 a; speciosa, 
 III. 223, 2 ab. 
 
 Teetibranchiata (mollusca), XI. 723, 1 a. 
 
 Tec’tona gran’dis (botany), XV. 602, 2 be (ill.). 
 
 Tecumseh, Indian chief, XV. 605. 
 
 Tecumseh , county seat, IX. 657, 1 c. 
 
 Tecumtha: see Tecumseh. 
 
 Teentsin: see Tientsin. 
 
 Tee-tee, monkey, XI. 751, 2 a. 
 
 Teeter, bird, XV. 584, 1 a. 
 
 Teeth, XV. 606. See Comparative Anatomy, 
 V. 181, 2 b. Diseases of: see Dentistry. 
 Artificial teeth, ib. 
 
 Teeth, in a clock or watch, IV. 699, 2 c. 
 
 Teez, ruins of, IV. 271, 1 a. 
 
 Te'gea, ancient city of Greece, XV. 607. 
 
 Tegeatis [te-je-a'-tis]: see Tegea. 
 
 Tegenaria medicinalis (entomology), XV. 266, 
 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Tegctthojf [ta'-ghet-huf], ship, expedition of 
 the, XIII. 656, 1 b; I. 680, 1 c. 
 
 TegettJioff (Wilhelm von, baron, born 1827), 
 Austrian admiral, referred to, X. 522, 2 be. 
 
 Tegmen, of a plant, XIII. 591, 2 c. 
 
 Tegnapatam': see Fort St. David. 
 
 Tegn£r, Esaias [teg-nair'], Swedish poet, XV. 
 607. 
 
 Teguexin [Port. ta-ga-shee ng/ ], lizard, X. 551,2 b. 
 
 Teha'ma, county, XV. 607. 
 
 Tehama [ta-ha'-ma], desert in Arabia, XVI. 
 782, 1 ab; I. 618, 1 a. 
 
 Teheran, or Tehran [ta-ha-ran', ta-h’ran'], 
 capital of Persia, XV. 607 (ill.). 
 
 Tehuantepec [ta-wan-ta-paik'], isthmus of 
 Mexico, XV. 608. Town, 1 be. Projected 
 canal, ib. ; III. 690, 1 b. 
 
 Teias [te'-yas], Ostrogothic king, IX. 728,1 ab. 
 
736 
 
 TEJADA 
 
 TEMPERATURE 
 
 Tejada, or Lerdo de Tejada, Sebastian [lair'-do 
 da ta- k ha'-da], president of Mexico, XV. 608. 
 (Reelected 1876, and expelled by Diaz.) 
 
 Tejo [ta'-zho]: see Tagus. 
 
 Tejus monitor (zoology), X. 551, 2 b. 
 
 Tekamah, county seat, III. 478, 2 a. 
 
 Telagon, animal, II. 212, 1 c. 
 
 Telamon , father of Ajax, I. 225, 1 b. 
 Tel-Bustak, site of Bubastis, III. 374, 2 a. 
 Te'lea Bolyphe'mus (entomology), XV. 45, 1 b. 
 Telegraph, XV. 608. Signal telegraphs, 2 b. 
 Electric telegraph, 609, 2 c; XI. 849, 1 c; 
 IX. 494, 2 be. Early attempts, XV. 610, 
 
 1 ab: see Wheatstone, XVI. 590, 2 be. 
 Morse’s, XV. 611, 2 be, 615, 1 b (ills., 612). 
 English telegraph, 613, 1 ab. Double-needle 
 telegraph, 2 a. Bain’s, 2 b. Facsimile or 
 electric copying telegraphs, 614, 1 b. Print¬ 
 ing telegraphs, 2 a; House’s, ib. ; Hughes’s, 
 615, 1 ab; Phelps’s “ combination ” instru¬ 
 ment, 2 ab. Dial telegraphs, 2 c. Construc¬ 
 tion of telegraph lines, 616, 1 c; extent of, 
 617, 1 a. Submarine telegraphs, 1 be. At¬ 
 lantic cables, 2 ab, 618, 1 c: see Field, 
 Cyrus West, VII. 177, 1 c, ff. Western ter¬ 
 mini of the, VI. 334, 2 c; VIII. 566, 2 c. 
 Time required for transmission, XV. 617, 
 
 2 c, 619,1 ab. Telegraphic disturbance, 1 c. 
 Various uses of the telegraph, 2 a. Multiple 
 telegraphy, 620, 2 be.—Government control 
 of telegraphs in England, XIII. 749, 2 a. 
 
 Teleky, Laszlo [tel'-eh-ke], XV. 621. 
 Telelograph , XV. 609, 1 b (Telegraph). 
 Telemachus [te-lem'-a-kus], XV. 621. 
 Telemaque, Aventures de [a-va ng -tur duh ta-la- 
 mak], by Fenelon, VII. 123, 2 a; 405, 2 ab; 
 II. 302, 1 a. 
 
 Telem'eter , a graduated scale, IV. 760, 2 c. 
 Teleosaurus, genus of fossils, XV. 621. T. 
 
 Chapmanni, 2 c; Cadomensis, 622,1 ab (ill.). 
 Telephone, XV. 621,* (ills.); discovery of the 
 principles of, 622,* 1 c; inventors of, 622,1 a. 
 Telescope, XV. 622. Astronomical, 2 a (ill.). 
 Terrestrial, 2 b (ill.). Invention of, 2 be; 
 Galileo’s, 623, 1 b (ill.), VII. 567, 1 b. Im¬ 
 provements in lenses, &c., XV. 623, 2 be, ff.; 
 prismatic colors, attempts to get rid of, ib., 
 624, 2 b, c, 626, 1 ab, be, 2b; achromatic 
 telescopes, 2 a. Newton’s telescope, 625, 
 1 ab (ill.); Cassegrain’s, 1 c; Hadley’s, 2 a; 
 Herschel’s, 2 c (ill.). Object glasses, math¬ 
 ematical ratio of, 626, 2 be. Fraunhofer’s 
 telescopes, 627, 1 be. Optical glass, manu¬ 
 facture of, 2 a, ff. Dialytic or separated 
 
 telescope, 2 c, I. 66, 1 b; aplanatic, XV. 
 628,1 b; Rosse’s, 629, 1 ab. Silvered lenses, 
 1 c. Helioscope, 630, 1 a. Telescope stand, 
 
 1 b. Use of telescope in differential mea¬ 
 surements, 2 a: see Micrometer. Applica¬ 
 tion to meridian instruments: see Transit 
 Circle. For photographing the transit of 
 Venus, 631,1 b. Collimating, 240,1 b. See 
 Aberration, I. 24, 1 be, Achromatic Lens, 
 and Speculum. 
 
 Telfair, county, XV. 631. 
 
 Telford, Thomas, British engineer, XV. 631. 
 Telinga, Hindoo race, IX. 215, 1 c. 
 
 Teliosts, a class of fishes, XV. 631. 
 
 Tell, William, legendary Swiss hero, XV. 631. 
 See Altorf, Lucerne, X. 704, 2 a, and Ktiss- 
 
 NAOnT. 
 
 Tell Hum [boom]: see Capernaum. 
 
 Tellico , treaty 6f, IV. 379, 1 ab. 
 
 Tellograph , XV. 609, 1 b (Telegraph). 
 
 TelVs chapel , at Kiissnacht, X. 65, 1 ab. 
 Tell-tale, bird: see Tattler. 
 
 Tellu'ric acid , XV. 633, 1 ab. 
 
 Telluric food , of plants, I. 195, 1 ab. 
 Tellurium, elementary substance, XV. 632 ; 
 
 XI. 420, 2 be. Discoverer of, X. 23, 1 a. 
 Tellurium , astronomical machine, XII. 711, 2 a. 
 Tellurous acid , XV. 633, 1 ab. 
 
 Tellus : .see Terra. 
 
 Telo Hartius: see Toulon, XV. 822, 1 ab. 
 Teloph'orus (entomology), II. 476, 2 b. 
 
 Telugu [tel-oo-goo r ], Hindoo race, IX. 215,1 c. 
 
 Language, 219, 2 c; 220, 2 a. Alphabet, ib. 
 Temacuilcahuilia [ta-ma-kweel-ka-we'-le-a], 
 serpent, II. 762, 2 c. 
 
 Temes [tem'-esh], county of Hungary, XV. 633. 
 Temesvar, city of Hungary, XV. 633. 
 Temiscamingue, Lake [tem-is'-ka-ming] : see 
 Ottawa, XII. 734, 2 a. 
 
 TkMiscouATA [ta-mis-kwa'-ta], county, XV. 633. 
 Temminck (Conrad Jacob, 1778-1858, Dutch 
 naturalist), classification of birds by, XIL 
 705, 2 be. 
 
 Tem'nodon salta'tor (ichthyology), II. 757, 2 o 
 (ill., 758). 
 
 Tem'pe, valley of Greece, XV. 633. 
 
 Temper , alloy, XIII. 377, 1 a (Pewter). 
 Temperament, physical and mental, XV. 633. 
 Temperament, of the organ, unequal, XIL 689, 
 
 2 c; equal, 690, 1 ab. 
 
 Temperance Societies : see Total Abstinence. 
 Temperature, atmospheric, II. 83, 1 be. See 
 Meteorology, XI. 433,1 b, ff. (ills., 436, 437); 
 Rain, XIV. 185, 1 c. 
 
TEMPERED 
 
 TEPANECS 
 
 737 
 
 Tempered Glass, XY. 634. 
 
 Tempering, of steel, XV. 364, 2 be. 
 
 Tempering , in sugar making, XV. 446, 1 b. 
 
 Templars, military order, XV. 634. 
 
 Temple, Frederick, English bishop, XV. 636. 
 
 Temple, Richard Grenville, earl, statesman, 
 XV. 636. 
 
 Temple, Sir William, statesman, XV. 636. 
 
 Temple, the , in Paris, X. 663, 2 c. 
 
 Temple, the , in London, IX. 289, 2 c (ills., 290). 
 Temple garden, 290, 1 b. 
 
 Temple Bar , London, X. 594, 1 c. Temple 
 church, 598, 1 b. 
 
 Tenacity , of materials, XV. 416, 1 a. 
 
 Tenaille line [teh-naik], in fortification, VII. 
 335, 2 a. 
 
 Tenailled system , VII. 329, 2 c. 
 
 Tenancy ~by curtesy , in law, IX. 85, 2 a. 
 
 Tenant: see Lease, and Tenure. Tenant at 
 will, X. 270, 1 a. Tenant on sufferance, 1 b. 
 
 Tenassep.im, in British Burmah, XV. 636. 
 
 Tench, fish, XV. 637 (ill.). 
 
 Tencin, Claudine Alexandrine Gu6rin de [ta ng - 
 sa ng ], French woman of society, XV. 637; 
 I. 271, 2 a. 
 
 Tenc'teri , ancient German tribe, I. 271, 1 be. 
 
 Tender, in law, XV. 638. 
 
 Tendo Achillis (anatomy), XV. 78, 1 a. In 
 club-foot, IV. 718, 2 be; 719, 1 be, 2 a. 
 
 Tendon (anatomy), XV. 639. 
 
 Ten'ebrce, office of \ VIII. 776, 1 c (Holy Week). 
 
 Tene'brio (entomology), II. 477, 2 a. T. moli- 
 tor, XI. 313, 1 ab. 
 
 Tenebrosi [ta-na-bro'-ze], school in painting, 
 XII. 799, 2 be. 
 
 Tenedos, island, Grecian archipelago, XV. 639. 
 
 Tenement , dominant and servient: see Ease¬ 
 ment. 
 
 Tenerani, Pietro [ta-na-ra'-ne], Italian sculp¬ 
 tor, XV. 639. 
 
 Tenerife [ta-na-re'-fa] : see Teneriffe. 
 
 Teneriffe [ten-e-rif'], island, Canaries, XV. 
 640. Peak, 1 b. 
 
 Tenia , plant, X. 398, 1 a. 
 
 Teniers, David, the elder [ten'-yers], Flemish 
 painter, XV. 640. David, the younger, 2 a. 
 
 “ Ten of liberty and peace ,” Florentine magis¬ 
 trates, X. 786, 1 be. 
 
 Tennant, William, Scottish poet, XV. 640. 
 
 Tennantite , mineral (from Smithson Tennant, 
 F.R.S., 1761-1813, professor of chemistry at 
 Cambridge), XV. 50,1 c. 
 
 Tennemann, Wilhelm Gottlieb, German histo¬ 
 rian of philosophy, XV. 640 ; XIII. 430, 1 b. 
 47 
 
 Tennent, Sir James Emerson, British author, 
 XV. 641. 
 
 Tennessee, state, XV. 641. State seal (ilk), 
 ib. Population, 2 be. 'Topography, 642, 
 
 1 c. Rivers, 2 be. Geology, 2 c. Miner¬ 
 als, 643, 1 ab. Natural curiosities, 644, 1 c. 
 Climate, 2 ab. Soil, 2 b. Flora, 2 be. 
 Fauna, 645, 1 a. Agriculture, 1 ab. Man¬ 
 ufactures, 2 ab. Banks, 646, 2 a. Inter¬ 
 communication, ib. Government, 1 b. Fi¬ 
 nances, 647, 1 be. Public institutions, 2 a. 
 Education, 2 c. Libraries, newspapers, &c., 
 649, 1 ab. Religious organizations, 1 b. 
 History, 1 be. 
 
 Tennessee River, XV. 650. 
 
 Tennis, game of ball, XV. 651. 
 
 Tenno: see Mikado, XI. 530, 2 a, and Japan, 
 IX. 538, 1 ab, 539, 1 c. 
 
 Tennyson, Alfred, English poet, XV. 651. 
 Frederick, 652, 1 b. 
 
 Tenochtitlan [ta-noach-te-tlan'], original name 
 of Mexico, II. 176, 1 ab, c; XI. 482, 2 c. 
 Tenor, in music, XV. 652. 
 
 Tenorio: see Don Jijan, VI. 211, 1 c. 
 Ten’otome , surgical instrument, IV. 719, 2 c. 
 Tenot'omy , surgical operation, IV. 719, 2 ab ; 
 
 XV. 639, 2 b; XVI. 741, 2 c. 
 
 Ten!pins, game, III. 168, 1 b, 2 a. 
 
 Tenrec , animal, VIII. 712, 1 c; XI. 292, 1 a. 
 Tensas, parish of Louisiana, XV. 652. River 
 (about 250 m. long), XVI. 492, 1 c, 2 a. 
 Tensile resistance, of materials, XV. 416, 1 a. 
 Tension , in sewing machines, XIV. 802, 1 be. 
 Automatic, 803, 1 a. 
 
 Tenson [ta ng -so ng ], poetic combat, XII. 88, 2 b; 
 XIV. 40, 1 c. 
 
 Tent, XV. 652 (ills.). Hospital tents, 654, 1 a 
 (ilk). 
 
 Tenter den, Lord: see Abbott, Charles. 
 
 Ten thousand, retreat of the : see Xenophon. 
 Tenthredin'idee (entomology), IV. 106, 2 b; 
 XIV. 653‘, 2 a. 
 
 Tenthre'do cera'si (entomology), XV. 109, 1 b. 
 Tentorium, Roman tent, XV. 652, 2 b (ill.). 
 Tentorium cerebelli (anatomy), III. 188, 1 b; 
 190, 1 a. 
 
 Tenuch [ta-nooch/], Aztec sovereign, 11.176,1 c. 
 Tenure, of property, XV. 654. 
 
 Teooal'li [Sp. ta-o-ka'-lye]: see Mexico, XI. 
 
 474, 2 b, and CnoLULA (ilk). 
 
 Teos, ancient Ionian city, XV. 656. 
 Teotihuacan [ta-o-te-wa-kan'], pyramids of, I. 
 397, 2 b. 
 
 Tepanecs, ancient Mexican race, XI. 472, 1 c. 
 
738 
 
 TEPELENI 
 
 TERTIARY 
 
 Tepeleni [ta-pa-la'-ne], town of Albania (pop. 
 
 about 3,000), I. 310, 2 ab, b. 
 
 Tephillin , XIII. 477, 2 b (Phylacteey). 
 Tephri'tis (entomology), YI. 130, 1 c. 
 Tepidarium , in ancient baths, II. 383, 1 b (ill.). 
 Teplitz, watering place of Bohemia, XV. 656. 
 Teploff' (Grigori, died 1779), Russian senator, 
 referred to, IV. Ill, 2 b. 
 
 Tequendama, Falls of [ta-kain-da'-ma]: see 
 Bogota, II. 782, 2 c. 
 
 Tekamo [ta'-ra-mo], province of Italy, XY. 656. 
 Capital, 1 b. 
 
 Teeatology, branch of physiology, XY. 656; 
 XI. 764, 2 b. 
 
 Terbia , an earth, XY. 656, 2 c. 
 
 Teebium, supposed metal, XY. 656. 
 
 Teebueg, Gerard [tair'-burg], Dutch painter, 
 XY. 657. 
 
 Teeceiea [tair-sa'-e-ra], island, Azores, XV. 657. 
 Terebenthene, XYI. 78, 1 a. 
 
 Terebinthus: see Manich^ans, XI. 107, 1 a. 
 Terebmt'ulci (brachiopoda), III. 177, 2 c. T. 
 septentrionalis (ill.)? il>- 
 
 Teee'do : see Ship Woem, XI Y. 870, 2 c; Y. 
 202, 1 c; XI. 722, 1 a. T. navalis, XIY. 
 871, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Teeence, Roman comic poet, XY. 657. 
 Terepentilene , XYI. 78, 1 ab. 
 
 Teresa , Saint: see Theeesa. 
 
 Teresia, Mme. [ta-ra'-ze-a], dwarf, YI. 335, 2 c. 
 Terfezia (botany), XYI. 14, 1 a. 
 
 Terges'te , ancient city, XY. 863, 2 c; 864, 1 c. 
 Tergesteum , edifice in Trieste, XY. 864, 1 a. 
 Teehune', Mary Virginia, American novelist, 
 XY. 657. 
 
 Ter'mes (entomology), XY. 657, 2 c. T. belli- 
 cosus (or fatalis), 658, 2 a (ill.); frontalis, 
 659, 1 a. 
 
 Teemini-Imeeese [tair'-me-ne-e-ma-ra'-za],town 
 of Sicily, XY. 657. 
 
 Terminus , Roman deity, XII. 118, 2 b, be; 
 534, 2 b; III. 756, 1 a. 
 
 Tee'mites [Lat. ter'-me-teez, plural of termes \, 
 white ants, XY. 657; I. 169, 1 b. 
 
 Ter mo , G. K. [tair'-mo], nom de plume, III. 
 309, 2 a. 
 
 Termonde [tair-mon'-deh]: see Dendeemonde. 
 Teen, bird, XY. 659. Caspian tern, 1 be; 
 Cayenne or royal, 1 c (ill.) ; sooty, 2 ab; 
 Wilson’s, 2 be; arctic, 2 c; black, 660, 1 a. 
 Referred to, VIII. 319, 2 c. 
 
 Ternary compounds , or salts , XII. 475, 1 a. 
 Constitution of, VII. 597, 2 be. Ternary 
 hypothesis, XIY. 583, 1 be. 
 
 Ternary scale of numbers, I. 708, 1 c. 
 
 Teenate [tair-na'-ta]: see Moluccas. 
 Teenaux, Guillaume Louis, baron [tair-no], 
 French manufacturer, XY. 660. Benri 
 Ternaux-Campans, 1 b. Mortimer, ib. 
 Teeni [tair'-ne], town of Italy, XY. 660. 
 Teepan'dee, Greek musician, XY. 660. 
 Terpenes, XYI. 77, 2 be (Tuepentine, Oil of), 
 Teepsichoee [terp-sik'-o-re], muse, XY. 660. 
 Teeea, Roman deity, XY. 660. 
 
 Tebeacina [tair-ra-che'-na], town of Italy, XY. 
 660. 
 
 Teeea Cotta, earthenware, XY, 660 ; XIY. 
 
 715, 2 b. Corinthian vases of, Y. 354, 2 a. 
 Teeea del Fuego : see Tieeea del Fuego. 
 Teeea di Baei : see Baei. 
 
 Teeea di Lavoeo : see Casebta. 
 
 Teeea d’Oteanto : see Lecce. 
 
 Terrai [tair-rl'j, pestilential tract in India, 
 VIII. 731, 2 a. 
 
 Terra Japonica , a vegetable extract, VII. 607, 
 
 1 be; IV. 105, 2 c. 
 
 Terrai', land breeze in Cuba, VIII. 519, 2 c. 
 Terra Lemnia, medicinal earth, X. 336, 1 a. 
 Terra ponderosa, II. 313, 1 a (Baeium). 
 Teeeapin, land tortoise, XV. 661. Yellow- 
 bellied, 1 c; red-bellied, 2 a (ill.); Florida, 
 
 2 ab; chicken, 2 c; salt-water, 662, 1 a. 
 Teeee Bonne [Fr. tair bun; usually, tar bone], 
 
 parish of Louisiana, XY. 662. 
 
 Teeeebonne, county of Canada, XY. 662. 
 Teeee Haute [ter'-re hut; Fr. tail* ote], city 
 of Indiana, XY. 662. 
 
 Teeeell, county, XY. 662 . 
 
 Terreplein [tair-plain'; Fr. -pla n? ], in fortifica¬ 
 tion, VII. 329, 2 ab. (See plan.) 
 Teeeesteial Magnetism : see Magnetism, Ter¬ 
 restrial. 
 
 Terre rerte [tair vairt], XII. 805, 2 b (Paints). 
 “ Terrible Tractorationf poem, VII. 157, 1 be. 
 Teeeiee, dog, XY. 662 (ill.). 
 
 Territion, in torture, XY. 814, 2 a. 
 
 Territories, western, early settlement of, VII. 
 
 535, 2 a. Surveys of, XY. 491, 1 c. 
 Territory of the United States south of the Ohio, 
 XY. 649, 2 ab. 
 
 Tertian type , of fever, VII. 164, 2 c. Double 
 tertian, 165, 1 a. 
 
 Teetiaeians, in a monastic order, XY. 663; 
 
 VI. 200, 2 c; VII. 427,1 a; XI. 730, 1 c. 
 Tertiaries, in plumage, VII. 105, 2 c. 
 
 Tertiary order: see Teetiaeians (Index). 
 Tertiary period, in geology, VII. 697, 2 ab. 
 Fauna and flora of, 698, 1 a. 
 
TERTULLIAN 
 
 THACKERAY 
 
 739 
 
 Tertullian, churcli father, XY. 663; X. 198, 
 2 be. On dreams, YI. 255, 2 a. 
 
 Teruel [ta-roo-aiT], province of Spain, XV. 
 664. Capital, 1 b. 
 
 Tesa: see Theza. 
 
 Tesohen [ta'-shen], town of Austria, XY. 664. 
 Peace of, ib. 
 
 Tessa-Zion , learned Abyssinian, YI. 752, 2 a. 
 
 Tessel'lce, XY. 753, 1 a, ab (Tile). 
 
 Tes'serce, in mosaic, XI. 856, 2 a; 857, 1 be. 
 
 Tessin [Fr. ta-sa ng ; Ger. tes-seen'] : see Ticino. 
 
 Testa , of plants, XIII. 591, 2 c. 
 
 Test act , in England, IX. 518, 1 ab, c. Repeal 
 of, YI. 139, 2 a. 
 
 Testament: see Will, and YI. 57, 1 be. Ro¬ 
 man, ib. 
 
 Testament, Old and New: see Bible (Index). 
 
 Testamur , at Oxford, XII. 766, 1 b. 
 
 Testimony : see Evidence. 
 
 Testing machines, XY. 419, 2 a (ills.) (Strength 
 of Materials). 
 
 Test oath cases , in tbe supreme court, II. 92,1 a. 
 
 Testry , battle of, XIII. 278, 1 b. 
 
 Testudina'ria elephan'tipes (botany), XY. 813, 
 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Testudinata, order of reptiles, XY. 664 (ill.). 
 
 Testudini'na (zoology), XY. 664, 2 b. 
 
 Testu'do , a covering of shields, I. 740, 2 a. 
 
 Testudo elephantopus (zoology), XY. 813, 1 b. 
 T. Graeca, 1 b ; polyphemus, 812, 2 c; nigra, 
 VII. 557, 1 b. 
 
 Tet'antjs, disease, XY. 666. 
 
 Tetarata [ta-ta-ra'-ta], boiling spring in New 
 Zealand, VII. 784, 2 c. 
 
 Tetrabranchia'ta (mollusca), XI. 723, 2 be. 
 
 Tetradac'tylus Decresien' sis (zoology), XIY. 
 771, 1 b. 
 
 Tetragram’maton, the , X. 846, 2 a (Magic). 
 
 Tetragonol’ epis, fossil fish, VII. 615, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Tetrahe'drite, mineral, XY. 50, 1 c. 
 
 Tetralogy , of the Greek drama, VIIL 213, 2 b. 
 
 Tet'rao (ornithology), VIII. 270, 2 a. T. uro- 
 gallus, 2 ab; hybridus, 2 be; Canadensis, 2 c; 
 phasianellus, 671, 1 c; cupido, 2 b (ill.) ; 
 tetrix, II. 676, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Tetra'odon (ichthyology), XIV. 738, 2 a, 739, 
 1 b ; YI. 499, 2 be. T. electricus, 2 c; tur- 
 gidus, XIY. 739, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Tetraon'idce (ornithology), VIII. 270, 1 c. 
 
 Tet'rapla , of Origen, XII. 692, 2 c. 
 
 Tetrascope , IX. 735, 2 b (Kaleidoscope). 
 
 Tet'ricus , Roman usurper, II. 119, 2 b. 
 
 Tetuan [tet-oo-an' or tet-wan'], city of Moroc¬ 
 co, XY. 667. 
 
 Tetzel, Johann, German monk, XV. 667; X. 
 726, 2 c. 
 
 Teu'cer, king of Troy, XY. 668. Grecian hero, 
 1 ab. 
 
 Teufelsdrbckh , Diogenes [toi'-felce-drok], in Car¬ 
 lyle’s “ Sartor Resartus,” III. 797, 2 ab. 
 Teufelsmuhle [-mii-leh], VIII. 493, 2 c (Hartz). 
 Teuffel, Wilhelm Sigismund [toi'-fel], German 
 philologist, XY. 668. 
 
 Teut [toit]: see Tuisco, and YU. 737, 1 be. 
 Teuta , Illyrian queen, IX. 194, 1 a. 
 
 Teutoburg Forest [toi'-to-boorg], XY. 668; 
 XYI. 569, 2 b. 
 
 Teutonic Knights, religious and military or¬ 
 der, XY. 668; XIII. 644, 2 c. Founder of, 
 VII. 451, 2 ab. 
 
 Teutonic languages: see Germanic Races and 
 Languages. 
 
 Teutonic society , referred to, XIY. 596, 2 b. 
 Teutons, ancient German race, XY. 669 ; VII. 
 737, 1 ab, 2 b. 
 
 Tecere [ta'-va-ra], river: see Tiber. 
 Tewkesbury, town of England, XY. 669. 
 Texan'a, county seat, IX. 483, 1 b. 
 
 Texas, state, XY. 669. State seal (ill.), ib. 
 Population, 670, 1 a. Topography, 2 a. 
 Coast, 2 c. Rivers, 671,1 ab. Geology and 
 minerals, 2 a. Climate, 2 c. Soil, 672, 1 c. 
 Fauna and flora, 2 a. Agriculture, 2 c. 
 Manufactures, 673, 1 b. Commerce, 2 b. 
 Banks, 2 c. Intercommunication, ib. Gov¬ 
 ernment, 674, 1 be. Finances, 675, 1 a. 
 Public institutions, 1 c. Education, 2 a. 
 Libraries, newspapers, &c., 676, 1 b. Re¬ 
 ligious organizations, ib. History, 1 c. An¬ 
 nexation of, 678, 2 b. See Houston, Sam, 
 and IX. 837, 2 a. 
 
 Texas, county, XV. 679. 
 
 Texel, island, Netherlands, XV. 679. 
 
 Texier, Charles Felix Marie [ta-se-a], French 
 archaeologist, XV. 680. 
 
 Textiraria globulosa (ill.), VII. 311, 2 a (Fora- 
 minifera). 
 
 Teyde , peak of [ta'-e-da]: see Teneriffe. 
 Tezcatlipoca [tess-ka-tle-po'-ka], Mexican di¬ 
 vinity, I. 397, 1 a (twice). 
 
 Tezcuco [tess-koo'-ko], town of Mexico, XY. 
 
 680. Kingdom of, XI. 472, 2 a. 
 
 Tezel [ta'-tsel]: see Tetzel. 
 
 Thacii'er, James, American physician, XY. 680. 
 Thacher, Peter, American clergyman, XY. 680. 
 Thackeray, William Makepeace, English au¬ 
 thor, XY. 680. Anne Isabella, authoress, 
 
 681, 1 b. 
 
740 
 
 THACKRAH 
 
 THEODORA 
 
 Thackrah, on coagulation of the blood, II. 
 734, 1 b, c. 
 
 Thaek, Albrecht [tair], German agricultural 
 writer, XY. 681. 
 
 Thai, the [t’hi or ti], Indo-Chinese race, IX. 
 253, 1 be. 
 
 Tha'is, Athenian courtesan, XY. 681. 
 
 Thais (entomology), III. 498, 1 b. 
 
 Thakombau, king of the Feejee Islands, YII. 
 113, 2 ab. 
 
 Thakoors , Rajpoots, IX. 214, 1 a. 
 Thalassid'roma (ornithology), XIII. 365, 2 a. 
 T. pelagica, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Thalassochelys caouana [tha-las-sok'-e-lis ka- 
 wa'-na], (zoology), XVI. 80, 2 a. 
 
 Thalberg, Sigismond [tal'-bairg], Swiss pianist, 
 XY. 681; XII. 93, 2 c. Zaire, XY. 682,1 a. 
 Thaler [ta'-ler], coin, XY. 682. 
 
 Tha'les, Greek philosopher, XY. 682. His 
 idea of the figure of the earth, YI. 354, 2 c. 
 Thali'a, muse, XY. 682. 
 
 Thallium, metal, XY. 682. 
 
 Thallo , one of the Horae, VIII. 816, 1 c. 
 Thallogens , in botany, X. 408, 1 c. 
 
 TJiallous oxide , XY. 682, 2 b. 
 
 Thallus , of a lichen, X. 408, 1 c. 
 
 Thames [taimz], river of Connecticut, XY. 682. 
 Thames, river of Canada, XY. 682. Battle of 
 the Thames, 683, 1 a; IX. 663, 1 ab. 
 
 Thames [temz], river of England, XY. 683. 
 Bridges, X. 592, 1 ab. River quays, or 
 Thames embankments, 1 c. Tunnel, 616, 1 c. 
 Subway, 617, 1 b. 
 
 Thames ballast , V. 208, 2 c. 
 
 TnAN,Moricz [tan], Hungarian painter, XY. 683. 
 Thanes , Anglo-Saxon landholders, I. 499, 2 b. 
 Than'et, Isle of, England, XY. 683. 
 Thanksgiving Day, religious festival, XY. 683. 
 National: during the revolution, 684, 1 ab; 
 on the adoption of the constitution, 1 b; for 
 peace (1815), ib .; during the civil war, 1 c; 
 annual since that time, ib. 
 
 Thargal (Tidal of the Bible), YI. 485, 2 a; IY. 
 230, 2 ab. 
 
 Thasos, island, Grecian archipelago, XY. 684. 
 Thassilo II. [tas'-se-lo]: see Tassilo (Index). 
 Thatch , roofing, XIY. 420, 1 a. 
 
 Thatched House tavern , London, I. 340, 1 c. 
 Thatcher, Benjamin Bussey, American author, 
 XY. 684. 
 
 Thaumale’a (ornithology), XIII. 384, 2 b. T. 
 picta, ib. (ill., 385). 
 
 Thaumaturgist, IX. 707,1 a. Thaumaturgy, 1 ab. 
 u Thaumaturgus of Britain,' 1 ' 1 Y. 595, 1 b. 
 
 Thayendanega: see Brant, Joseph. 
 
 Thayer, county, XY. 684. 
 
 The'a (botany), XV. 598, 2 b, c. 
 
 Theans, class of Hindoos, XI. 47, 2 ab. 
 Theatines [the'-a-tinz], religious order, XY. 
 684; IY. 421, 2 c. 
 
 Theatre, XY. 685. Greek, 1 c. Roman, 686, 
 
 1 a. Largest ancient, 1 b. Of the middle 
 ages, 1 c. Of England, 2 a. Of America, 
 
 2 c. Largest theatres, 687, 1 c (table). Chi¬ 
 nese, 2 a. 
 
 Thebce: see Thebes. 
 
 Theba'ic version of the Scriptures, V. 333, 1 c. 
 Thebaina [theb-a-i'-na], alkaloid, XII. 650,1 a. 
 Thebais [theb'-a-is], Egypt, XY. 687. 
 
 Thebes, in Egypt, XY. 687. Ruins of, 2 c; 
 at Gurna, 688, 1 a; at Medinet-Abu, 1 b; at 
 Luxor, 2 a (ill.); at Ivarnak, 689, 1 a (ill.). 
 Thebes, in Greece, XV. 689. Expedition of 
 the “seven against Thebes,” I. 131, 1 a. 
 Thebes, county seat, I. 275, 2 c. 
 
 Thecal abscess, XYI. 609, 2 c. Treatment, ib. 
 The Dalles [dalz], county seat, XYI. 468, 2 c. 
 Theft: see Larceny. “Theft or piracy” in 
 marine insurance, IX. 318, 2 ab. 
 
 Theine [the'-in]: see Caffeine, and Tea, XY. 
 601, 2 a. 
 
 Theiner, Augustin [ti'-ner], German historian, 
 XY. 689. Johann Anton, theologian, 690, 2 a. 
 Theiss [tice], river of Hungary, XY. 690. 
 Thekla [tek'-la], pseudonyme, YI. 331, 1 a. 
 Thelwall, John, English author, XY. 690. 
 Themis, in Greek mythology, XY. 691. 
 Themistius , heretic, I. 188, 2 c. 
 
 Themistocles [the-mis'-to-kleez], Athenian 
 general, XY. 691. 
 
 Tiienard, Louis Jacques, baron [ta-nar], French 
 chemist, XY. 691. His investigations and 
 discoveries in chemistry, IY. 367, 1 ab, b. 
 Theobald, Lewis, English author, XY. 692. 
 Theobro'ma (botany), III. 531, 2 c. T. cacao 
 (ill.), 532. 
 
 Theobromine [the-o-bro'-min], IY. 789, 2 ab. 
 Theocracy of Christendom, Leibnitz’s plan of, 
 X. 323, 1 be; 324, 1 a. 
 
 Theoc'ritus, Greek poet, XY. 692. 
 
 Theocritus, modern: see Meli. 
 
 Theoda'tus, Byzantine, IX. 726, 2 c. 
 
 Theodatus, king of the Ostrogoths, I. 374, 1 a; 
 IX. 727, 2 c, 728, 2 a. 
 
 Theod'olite, surveying instrument, XY. 692 
 (ill.). 
 
 Theodo'ra : see Justinian, IX. 727, 2 ab, and 
 II. 243, 2 c. 
 
THEODORE 
 
 THESPIS 
 
 741 
 
 Theodore, King: see Abyssinia, I. 46, 2 b. 
 
 Theodore /., king of Corsica: see Neuhof. 
 
 Theodore Lascaris , emperor of Nicaea, I. 292, 
 2 c. See Lascaris, X. 179, la, and Nice, 
 XII. 427, 2 c. 
 
 Tiieod'oret, Syrian theologian, XV. 693. 
 
 Tiieod'oric, the Great, king of the Ostrogoths, 
 XV. 693. Referred to, I. 238, 2 a. 
 
 Theodoric the Visigoth , referred to, I. 155, 2 b 
 (twice); VIII. 126, 1 c. 
 
 Theodo'rus of Samos , ancient cameo engraver, 
 III. 651, 2 c. 
 
 Theodosia: see Kaffa. 
 
 Theodosia , Roman station, VI. 309, 1 b. 
 
 Theodosiopolis: see Erzerum, VI. 722, 2 c. 
 
 Theodosius, Roman general, XV. 693. 
 
 Theodosius I., the Great, Roman emperor, 
 XV. 694; I. 385, 1 a (Ambrose). 
 
 Theodosius II, Byzantine emperor, III. 513, 
 2 b; IV. 622, 1 c; V. 7, 1 b. Porphyry’s 
 work, “Against the Christians,” destroyed 
 by his order, XIII. 719, 2 b. 
 
 Theodosius III., I. 458, 1 c; III. 515, 1 b. 
 
 Theodosius, Saint (abbot at Kiev, author of ex¬ 
 tant sermons, died about 1080), catacombs 
 of, IX. 830, 1 b. 
 
 Theognis, Greek poet, XV. 694. 
 
 Theology, XV. 694. First used in its modern 
 sense, 2 c. Branches of, 695, 1 a, ff. In¬ 
 fluence of Abelard, 1 b; of Kant, 1 c. In 
 Roman Catholic schools, 2 a. Scholastic 
 theology, 2 b. Types of in the Reformed 
 church, XIV. 253, 2 ab, ff. New England 
 theology, 254, 1 c. 
 
 Theoph’ano ( Theophania ), Byzantine empress, 
 III. 516, 1 b. German empress, her daugh¬ 
 ter, XIII. 729, 2 b ; 730, 1 a. 
 
 Theoph'ilus , Byzantine emperor, III. 515, 2 b. 
 
 Theophilus, patriarch of Alexandria (385-412), 
 I. 291, 2 c. 
 
 Theophrastus, Greek philosopher, XV. 695. 
 His work on botany, III. 131, 2 ab, c; on 
 minerals, XI. 588, 2 c. 
 
 Theoplironius, ancient sectary, I. 188, 2 c. 
 
 Theoph'ylact, Simocatta, Byzantine historian, 
 XV. 696. 
 
 Theopiiylact, Greek theologian, XV. 696. 
 
 QeordKog: see Nestorius, XII. 241, 2 c. 
 
 Theowas , Saxon slaves, I. 499, 2 c. 
 
 Thera, island of Greece, XV. 696 ; VI. 676, 
 lb. A variety of wine, VIII. 217, 1 a. 
 
 Theramenes [the-ram'-e-neez], Athenian polit¬ 
 ical leader, XV. 696. 
 
 Therapeutce, of Egypt (Jewish sect), I. 467,1 c. 
 
 Theresa, Saint [t&h-res'-sa or te-re'-sa], Span¬ 
 ish mystical writer, XV. 696. 
 
 Theresa, Saint , of New France: see Mary of 
 the Incarnation. 
 
 Theresians, religious order, XV. 697, 1 a. 
 Theresiopel [ta-ra-ze-o'-pel]: see Szabadka. 
 Theri’aca, medical preparations, XII. 647,1 ab. 
 The'riac compound , medical, XI. 347, 2 a. 
 Therip'pides: see Demosthenes, II. 797, 2 a. 
 Therma: see Salonica, XIV. 570, 2 b. 
 Thermos Herculis: see Mehadia. 
 
 Thermae Himerenses: see Termini-Imerese. 
 Thermae Selinuntae : see Sciacca. 
 
 Therma'ic Gulf: see Salonica. 
 
 Thermal rays, risible, ratio of to the total num¬ 
 ber, XVI. 91, 2 c. 
 
 Thermal springs, XVI. 499, 1 a. Indifferent, 
 XI. 594, 2 c. 
 
 Thermal unit, XV. 327, 1 c. 
 
 Thermes, palais des [pa-la da tairm], Paris, 
 XIII. 89, 1 c. 
 
 Thermidor, revolution o/[tair-me-dor], IV. 436, 
 1 be. See France, VII. 389, 2 b; Robes¬ 
 pierre, XIV. 359, 2 a. 
 
 Thermodynamic unit, V. 378, 2 c. 
 Thermo-Electricity, XV. 697 (ill.). Thermo¬ 
 electric pile, or battery, 698, 1 a (ill.); Far¬ 
 mer’s, II. 667, 1 be. 
 
 Thermography, XIV. 428, 2 c. 
 
 Thermometer, XV. 698. Mercurial, 699, 1 a. 
 Construction of, 1 b. Fahrenheit, Reaumur, 
 and centigrade thermometers, 2 a (ill.). Self- 
 recording, 700, la (ills.). Differential, 2 a. 
 —Air thermometer, Jolly’s, XIV. Ill, 2 ab 
 (ill.). Deep-sea thermometer, II. 74, 1 c; 
 Six’s, ib. ; Saxton’s, 2 a ; Miller-Casella, ib.; 
 Wet-bulb, IX. 133, 1 c. 
 
 Thermopylae, XV. 700. Polyandrium, 701,1 a. 
 
 French Thermopylae, so called, I. 697, 1 c. 
 Thermostat, of the automatic fire alarm, XV. 
 620, 1 c. 
 
 Thermo-tension, of metals, XV. 421, 2 be. 
 Thermotics, VIII. 567, 1 a. 
 
 Theroigne de Mericourt [ta-rwany’ duh ma- 
 re-koor], French revolutionist, XV. 701. 
 These’um, temple at Athens, II. 60, 2 c (ill.); 
 XV. 701, 2 b. 
 
 Theseus [the'-suce], legendary hero, XV. 701. 
 Thes'iger, Sir Frederick: see Chelmsford. 
 Thesmophoria, Greek mysteries, XII. 115, 1 a. 
 Thesmoth'etce, of Athens, I. 667, 1 a. 
 
 Thespice, seat of the worship of Eros, VI. 718,2 c. 
 Thespis, founder of Greek tragedy, XV. 701; 
 VI. 245, 1 a. 
 
742 
 
 THESSALONIANS 
 
 THOMASIUS 
 
 Thessalonians, Epistles to the, XV. 702. 
 Thessaloni'ca : see Salonica. 
 
 Thessaly, division of ancient Greece, XY. 702. 
 Inhabitants, 2 b. History, 2 c. Present po¬ 
 litical relations, 703, 1 a. 
 
 Thethys , XY. 282, 1 be (Sponge). 
 
 Thetis, in Greek mythology, XY. 703; XII. 
 230, 1 ab. 
 
 Thevart , Abraham [ta-var], early glass manu¬ 
 facturer, YIII. 9, 1 a. 
 
 Thevenot, Melcliisedech [taiv-no], French trav¬ 
 eller, XY. 703. Jean de, traveller, 1 be. 
 Theza [ta'-za], town of Morocco, XY. 703. 
 Thiahi [the-a'-ke]: see Ithaca, Greece. 
 Thian-shan mountains [te-an'-shan], II. 8, 1 c. 
 Thibaut IY. or YI. as count of Champagne, 
 I. as king of Navarre [te-bo], XY. 703. 
 Thibaut, Anton Friedrich Justus, German ju¬ 
 rist, XY. 703. 
 
 Thibet [tib'-et], region of central Asia, XY. 
 703. Situation, 2 c. Physical features, 704, 
 
 1 b. Systems of drainage, 1 c. Climate, 2 a. 
 Yegetation, 2 b. Minerals, 2 be. Animals, 
 
 2 c. Inhabitants, 705, 1 a. Manufactures 
 and commerce, ib. Language and literature, 
 
 1 b. Religion, 1 c. Political relation and 
 government, ib. History, 2 ab. Thibetans, 
 IX. 252, 2 ab. 
 
 Thibet , Cashmere , or shawl goat , YIII. 57,1 c; 
 XY. 704, 2 c, 705, 1 a. Attempts to natural¬ 
 ize it, IY. 55, 2 c. 
 
 Thibodeaux [tib-o-do'J, county seat, X. 103, 2 b. 
 Thiergarten [teer'-gar-ten], park in Berlin, II. 
 
 565, 2 ab; XIII. 104, 1 be. 
 
 Thieeey, Jacques Nicolas Augustin [tyair-re], 
 French historian, XY. 705. Amedee Simon 
 Dominique, historian, 706,1 ab. Gilbert, 1 be. 
 Thiees [tyair], town of France, XV. 706. 
 Thiees, Louis Adolphe, French statesman, XY. 
 706. (Died 1877.) Action of the Thiers 
 ministry in behalf of Kossuth, X. 49, 2 c. 
 See Commune de Paeis, Y. 162, 1 b, 164, 
 
 2 be; his proclamation for a final attack on 
 Paris, 166, 2 a; demolition of his house, 
 167, 1 c. 
 
 Thieesch, Friedrich Wilhelm [teersh], German 
 philologist, XY. 707. Heinrich Wilhelm 
 Josias, theologian, 708, 1 a. 
 
 Tliierwolff [teer'-vulf]: see Wolff, Wilhelm. 
 Thieves' Latin , XY. 85, 2 b (Slang). 
 
 Thilorier [te-lo-re-a], his apparatus for lique¬ 
 fying carbonic acid, YIII. 578, 1 ab. 
 Thimbleberry , XIY. 210, 1 b (Raspbeeey). 
 Thionville [tyo ng -veel]: see Diedenhofen. 
 
 Thiosulphuric acid , XY. 457, 2 a. 
 
 Thied Estate : see States Geneeal, and Y. 
 
 280,1 c; VII. 380, 2 a, b; X. 661,1 c, 662, 2 ab. 
 Third order of penitence, in monastic orders, 
 YI. 200, 2 c. 
 
 Thirds , origin of the term : see Soeuple. 
 
 Third silver ( tiers-argent ), I. 368, 2 b. 
 Thielwall, Connop, English historian, XY. 
 
 708. On the Iliad and the Odyssey, YIII. 
 779, 2 b. 
 
 Thiest, XY. 708. 
 
 Thirty , the , battle of, II. 427, 2 c. 
 
 Thirty tyrants , of Athens, II. 56, 1 c; YIII. 
 
 195, 1 be. See Cephas, and Tiieeamenes. 
 Thirty tyrants , aqe of the , in the Roman em¬ 
 pire, VII. 579, 2 ab. 
 
 Tiiiety Yeaes’ Wae, XY. 708. Beginning of, 
 
 709, 2 c; II. 789, 1 ab; VII. 133, 1 c. Its 
 influence on Czech civilization, II. 789, 1 ab ; 
 on German, VII. 754, 1 ab. Peace of West¬ 
 phalia, XY. 711, 2 be. See Cheistina, IY. 
 548, 1 b; Gustavus II., Adolphus; Tilly; 
 and Wallenstein. 
 
 This: see Abydos, I. 42, 1 ab. 
 
 This'be : see Pyeamus and Thisbe. 
 
 Thistle, plant, XY. 712. Common, 2 b (ill.) ; 
 creeping or Canada, 713, 1 b (ill.). Native 
 thistles, 2 a. Cotton thistle, ib. 
 
 Thistle, Order of the, XY. 713. 
 
 Thistle bird : see Yellow Bied. 
 
 Thistlewood , Arthur (born 1772, leader in the 
 Cato street conspiracy, executed 1820), re¬ 
 ferred to, I. 129, 1 a. 
 
 Tholuck, Friedrich August Gotttreu [to'-look], 
 German theologian, XY. 713. (Died 1877.) 
 Tholus of AEsculapius, YI. 681, 2 c. 
 
 Thomas, two counties, XY. 714. 
 
 Thomas, Charles Louis Ambroise [tuh-ma], 
 French composer, XY. 714; XII. 93, 1 a. 
 Thomas, Christians of St.: see Oheistians of 
 St. TnoMAS. 
 
 Thomas, George Henry, American soldier, XY. 
 714. See Chattanooga, Ciiickamauga, and 
 Nashville. 
 
 TnoMAS, Isaiah, American printer, XY. 715. 
 Thomas, Joseph, American author, XY. 715. 
 Thomas , J. J., on budding, III. 195, 1 b. 
 Thomas, Saint, apostle, XV. 715. 
 
 Thomas a Kempis : see Kempis. 
 
 Thomas Aquinas: see Aquinas. On the im¬ 
 maculate conception, IX. 195, 1 b. 
 Thomasius, Christian [to-ma'-ze-oos], German 
 philosopher, XY. 715. Gottfried, theologian, 
 XY. 716, 1 a. 
 
TIIOMASSIN 
 
 THRACE 
 
 743 
 
 Tiiomassin, Louis de [tuh-mas-sa ng ], Frencli 
 theologian, XV. 716. 
 
 Tiiomaston, town of Maine, XV. 716. 
 Thomaston , county seat, XVI. 219, 1 a. 
 Thomasville, county seat, XY. 714, 1 c. 
 Thomists [to'-mists], followers of Thomas Aqui¬ 
 nas, XI. 719, 2 c. 
 
 Thomomys [thom'-o-inis], (zoology), VIII. 110, 
 
 1 a, 2 c. T. bulbivorus, 111, 1 a (ill.). 
 Thompson, county, XY. 716. 
 
 Thompson, Augustus Charles, American clergy¬ 
 man, XY. 716. 
 
 Thompson, Benjamin : see Rumfoed (Index). 
 Thompson, Daniel Pierce, American novelist, 
 XY. 716. 
 
 Thompson, Elizabeth, English painter, XY. 716. 
 
 (Now Mrs. Charles Butler.) 
 
 Thompson, Sir Henry, English surgeon, XY. 717. 
 Thompson, Joseph Parrish, American clergy¬ 
 man, XY. 717. 
 
 Thompson, Launt, American sculptor, XY. 717. 
 Thompson, Thomas Perronet, English political 
 reformer, XV. 717. 
 
 Thompson, Waddy, American lawyer, XY. 717. 
 Thompsonville, village, Connecticut, XY. 718. 
 TnoMS, William John [tomz], English antiquary, 
 XY. 718. 
 
 Thomson , county seat, X. 781, 1 a. 
 
 Thomson, Anthony Todd, British physician, 
 XY. 718. Katherine Byerly, authoress, 1 c. 
 Thomson, Charles, American patriot, XY. 718. 
 Thomson, Edward, clergyman, XY. 718. 
 Thomson, James, British poet, XY. 718. 
 Thomson, James, British civil engineer, XV. 
 719. On glaciers, VII. 830, 2 c.—Sir Wil¬ 
 liam, mathematician, XV. 719, 2 a. Theory 
 of the sun’s heat, VIII. 568, 1 c. On the 
 scientific measurement of time, YI. 489, 2 ab ; 
 on the rigidity of the earth, 490, 1 a. On 
 glaciers, VII. 830, 2 c. 
 
 Thomson, Thomas, British chemist, XY. 719. 
 Thomson, William, English clergyman, XV. 720. 
 On logic, X. 582, 1 b. 
 
 Thomson , Prof. W. (Wyville), naturalist: see 
 Deedging, Deep-Sea, YI. 257, 1 c; 259, 
 1 b, c; 260, 1 a. 
 
 Thonnelier [tiin-nuh-lya], coining press of, XI. 
 619, 2 a. 
 
 Thonon [tuh-no ng ], arrondissement: see CnA- 
 BLAIS. 
 
 Thoe [thor or tor], Scandinavian deity, XY. 
 
 720 ; XII. 119, 2 c. Referred to, YI. 399, 2 a. 
 Thoracente''sis, surgical operation, YI. 266, 2 c. 
 Thoracic duct (anatomy), X. 749, 2 c. 
 
 Thoeax, the chest, XY. 720 (ill.). 
 
 Thoeeatt, Henry David [tho'-ro], American 
 author, XY. 721. 
 
 Thorfinn [tor'-fin], Norwegian prince: see Mac¬ 
 beth, X. 771, 2 b. 
 
 Thorfinn Karlsefni , Icelandic navigator, XII. 
 498, 1 b. 
 
 Thori'num : see Thoeium. 
 
 Tho'eium, metal, XV. 721. Thorite, 1 c. 
 Thorina, ib. Thorinic chloride, ib. ; sul¬ 
 phate, 2 a. 
 
 Thoen, plant, XY. 721. Cockspur thorn, 2 be 
 (ill., 722); other native species, 722, 1 b. 
 Hawthorn, 1 c (ill.). Evergreen or pyra- 
 canth thorn, 2 c ; VIII. 604, 2 b. 
 
 Thoen [torn], town of Prussia, XV. 723. 
 
 Thoen Apple: see Datuea, Y. 700, 2 a. 
 
 Thoenbuey, George Walter, English author, 
 XY. 723. (Died 1876.) 
 
 Thoenhill, Sir James, English painter, XY. 
 723. 
 
 Thorns , of plants, XIII. 577, 1 c. 
 
 Thoenton, Bonnell, English author, XY. 723. 
 
 Thornton , Col., of the British army, at New 
 Orleans, IX. 490, 2 a, b, c. 
 
 Thoenton, Matthew, a signer of the Declaration 
 of Independence, XY. 723. 
 
 Thoenwell, James Henley, American clergy¬ 
 man, XY. 723. 
 
 Thoenyceoft, Mary (Francis), English sculp¬ 
 tress, XY. 724. 
 
 Thoeough Bass, XY. 724; XII. 81, lb. 
 
 Thoeoughwoet : see Boneset. 
 
 Thoepe, Benjamin, English philologist, XV. 724. 
 
 Thorpe , T. B. (Thomas Bangs, born 1815, au¬ 
 thor and painter, of New Orleans and New 
 York), referred to, XYI. 197, 1 ab. 
 
 Thorvald [tor'-vald], Norse navigator, XII. 
 498, 1 b. 
 
 Thoewaldsen, Bertel [tor'-val-zen], Danish 
 sculptor, XY. 724. 
 
 Thot , the , of the gypsies, X. 846, 2 a. 
 
 Thoth , Egyptian deity, Y. 612, 2 c (ill.); XII. 
 116, 2 c. His identity with Hermes, VIII. 
 684, 2 be. 
 
 Thothmesium , ruins of the, XY. 688, 1 be. 
 
 Thou, Jacques Auguste de [duh too], French 
 historian, XY. 725. Frangois Auguste, 2 a. 
 
 Thouaes: see Du Petit-Thouaes. 
 
 Thought not instantaneous , VIII. 623, 1 c. 
 
 Tho’us (zoology), YI. 179, 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 “ Thousand and One Nights f I. 624, 1 a. 
 
 Thoyras , sieur de [twa-ra] : see Rapin. 
 
 Theace, in ancient geography, XV. 725„ 
 
744 
 
 TIIRALE 
 
 THYMUS 
 
 Tiieale : see Piozzi (Index). 
 
 Thrasaetus harpyia [thra-sa-e'-tus har'-pe-ya], 
 (ornithology), YIII. 475, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Theasher : see Thrush, XV. 729,1 a (ill., 728). 
 Thrasher (grampus), VIII. 147, 1 b. 
 Thrasybu'lus, Athenian general, XV. 726; 
 VIII. 195, 1 c. 
 
 Thrasyl'lus : see Gynossema (Index). 
 Thrasyme'nus, Lake: see Perugia, and Han¬ 
 nibal, VIII. 443, 1 a. 
 
 Thread , of a screw, XIV. 712, 2 a. 
 
 Thread Worm: see Entozoa, VI. 670, 1 a; 
 I. 804, 1 a. 
 
 Threatening Letters, XV. 726. 
 
 “ Three chapters : ” see Monophysites, XI. 757, 
 2 ab, and V. 278, 1 a. 
 
 Three-handed game , in billiards, II. 642, 2 c. 
 Three per cents: see Consols. 
 
 Three Rivers, city of Canada, XV. 726. 
 
 Three sisters , rivers of Ireland, II. 340, 1 b. 
 
 “ Three towns” the , XIII. 624, 2 c (Plymouth). 
 Thresher : see Shark, XIV. 829, 2 a. 
 Threshing Machine, XV. 726 (ill., 727). 
 Throckmorton, county, XV. 727. 
 Throgmorton, Sir Nicholas, English states¬ 
 man, XV. 727. 
 
 Thrombo'sis: see Brain, Diseases of the, III. 
 
 198, 2 a. Thrombus, ib. 
 
 Thronateeska : see Flint River. 
 
 Throndhjem [trond'-yem]: see Drontheim. 
 Throstle , XV. 728, 2 b (Thrush). 
 
 Throstle machine , in cotton spinning, V. 414,1 e. 
 Throwing , in pugilism, XIV. 76, 2 c. 
 
 Throwing , in silk manufacture, XV. 42, 1 a. 
 
 Of pottery, XIII. 787, 2 c. 
 
 Throwing wheel , potter’s, XIII. 787, 2 ab. 
 Thrown singles , XV. 42, 1 ab (Silk). 
 
 Thrush, bird, XV. 727. Wood thrush, 728, 
 1 a (ill.) ; missel, 1 c; song, 2 b (ill.) ; brown, 
 or thrasher, 729, 1 a (ill., 728); water, 1 b. 
 European thrush, XII. 745, 1 b. Golden- 
 crowned, 2 a. 
 
 Thryoth’ orus Ludomcia’nus (ornithology), XVI. 
 735, 1 c. 
 
 Thuanus : see Thou, Jacques Auguste de. 
 Thucydides [thu-sid'-e-deez], Greek historian, 
 XV. 729; VIII. 214, 1 b. 
 
 Thucydides , Greek statesman, XIII. 292, 2 a. 
 Thud geyser , Wyoming, VII. 786, 1 c (ill.). 
 Thuggee : see Thugs. 
 
 Thugs, sect of assassins. XV. 729. 
 
 Thuisco [too-is'-ko]: see Tuisco. 
 
 Thuja (botany), I. 638, 1 b; XI. 839, 2 b (T. 
 articulata). Referred to, X. 401, 1 c; T. 
 
 gigantea, 2 ab. T. occidentalis, I. 638, 2 a 
 (ill.); plicata, ib. 
 
 Thu'le, in ancient geography, XV. 730; XIV. 
 
 852, 2 be; VII. 683, 2 a, 684, 1 c. 
 
 Thumb, Gen. Tom , dwarf, VI. 336, 1 be. 
 
 Thun [toon], town of Switzerland, XV. 730. 
 Lake, 1 b. 
 
 TnuNBERG, Carl Peter [toon'-bairg], Swedish 
 botanist, XV. 730. 
 
 Thunder : see Lightning. 
 
 Thunder bay , in Lake Huron, IX. 78, 2 b. 
 Thunderer, the , epithet of Jupiter, IX. 718, 2 c. 
 Thunderer, the , sobriquet of the London Times, 
 V. 767, 2 be (Delane). 
 
 Thundering legion, Roman, I. 574, 2 c. 
 Thunder snake, IV. 225, 2 b. 
 
 Thunder stone, II. 485, 1 be (Belemnites). 
 Thurgau [toor'-gow], Swiss canton, XV. 730. 
 Thurible, IV. 190, 2 c (Censer). 
 
 Thurigau [too'-re-gow], XV. 529, 2 a (Switz¬ 
 erland). 
 
 Thuringen [tii'-ring-en]: see Thuringia. 
 Thuringia, region of Germany, XV. 730. Tliu- 
 ringian Forest, 2 c. 
 
 Thurloe, John, English statesman, XV. 731. 
 Thurlow, Edward, lord, statesman, XV. 731. 
 
 Edward Hovell-Thurlow, lord, writer, 1 c. 
 Thurn and Taxis [toorn]: see Post, XIII. 748, 
 
 1 b. 
 
 Thuro, in Phoenician mythology, XII. 118, 1 c. 
 Thurr [t’hur or tur], desert in India, IX. 200, 2 b. 
 Thursday, XV. 731. 
 
 Thurston, county, XV. 731. 
 
 Thusnel'da , wife of Arminius, I. 729, 2 b; 
 730, 1 a. 
 
 Thy’amis, river of Epirus, IX. 526, 1 ab. 
 Thyati’ra: see Akhissar. 
 
 Thyes'tes : see Atreus. 
 
 Tiiylacine [thi'-la-sin], marsupial animal, XV. 
 731 (ill.); 578, 2 c. 
 
 Thylaci’nus (zoology), XV. 731, 2 b. T. liar- 
 rissii, 732, 1 a (ill., 731). 
 
 Thylacotherium (palaeontology), XV. 732, 1 b; 
 XII. Ill, 1 b. 
 
 Thymallus (ichthyology), VIII. 181, 1 be. T. 
 vulgaris, 1 b; vexillifer and gymnothorax, 
 
 2 ab; signifer, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Thyme [time], plant, XV. 732. Wild or creep¬ 
 ing, 1 c (ill.); garden, ib. ; lemon, 2 a. 
 Thymic asthma, V. 518, 2 be. 
 
 Thymus (botany), XV. 732, 1 c. T. serpyllum, 
 ib. (ill.); vulgaris, 1 c, XI. 174, 2 c; citriodo- 
 rus, XV. 732, 2 b. 
 
 Thymus Gland (anatomy), XV. 732 (ill.). 
 
TIIYNNUS 
 
 TIGER 
 
 745 
 
 Thynnus (ichthyology), XVI. 39, 2 be. T. vul¬ 
 garis, 2 c; secundo-dorsalis, 40, 1 a (ill.); 
 pelamys, III. 68, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Thyra, Danish princess, betrothed of Prince 
 Arthur of England, IV. 529, 1 c. 
 
 Thykoid Gland (anatomy), XV. 733. 
 Thyrosternum Pennsylvanicum (zoology), XV. 
 811, 1 b. 
 
 Thyrsus , Bacchanalian wand, II. 193, 2 a. 
 Tiaguanaco [te-a-gwa'-na-ko]: see Titicaca, 
 and I. 399, 2 a, i ; X. 159, 1 a. 
 
 Tiahuanaco: see Tiaguanaco (Index). 
 
 Tia'ea, XV. 733 (ills.). 
 
 Tiaropsis (zoology), IX. 602, 1 ab. 
 
 Tiars , a class of Hindoos, XI. 47, 2 ab, be. 
 Tibaldi, Pellegrino [te-bal'-de], Italian artist, 
 XV. 734. 
 
 Tibareni, ancient people, IX. 566, 2 c. 
 
 Tibboos : see Tuariks, XVI. 21, 2 a, and V II. 
 172, 1 c. 
 
 Tibek, river of Italy, XV. 734. 
 
 Tiberias : see Gennesaket. 
 
 Ti'beris : see Tiber. 
 
 Tiberius, emperor of Rome, XV. 734. 
 
 Tiberius Apsimerus, usurper, IX. 728, 2 a. 
 Tibet : see Thibet. 
 
 Tibials, in plumage, VII. 105, 2 c. 
 
 Tibia utricularis, bagpipe, II. 217, 1 a. 
 
 Tibiscus : see Theiss. 
 
 Tibullus, Albius, Roman poet, XV. 735; IX. 
 195, 2 c. 
 
 Tibur : see Tivoli. 
 
 Tical [te'-cal], Siamese coin, XV. 12, 2 a. 
 
 Tic Douloureux : see Neuralgia, XII. 257, 2 b. 
 Tiohborne Trial [tich'-burn], XV. 735. 
 
 Ticino [te-che'-no], canton of Switzerland, 
 XV. 736. River, 2 c. 
 
 Tici'num, ancient city, XIII. 194, 1 b, 2 c. 
 Ticinus , river, XV. 736, 2 c. Battle of the, 
 IV. 142, 2 be; VIII. 442, 2 c. 
 
 Tick, insect, XV". 737; VI. 695, 1 c. 
 
 Tiokell, Thomas, English poet, XV. 737. 
 Ticknor, George, American author, XV. 737. 
 Ticondero'ga, town of New York, XV. 737. 
 Fort, 2 c. Capture of, by Allen, 738, 1 b; 
 I. 328, 2 c. Ruins of, VII. 713, 1 a. 
 
 Tic polonga, snake, IX. 204, 1 c. 
 
 Ticuna [te-koo'-na]: see Wooraea. 
 
 Tidal, Turanian chief, IV. 230, 2 ab; VI. 485, 
 2 ab. 
 
 Tides, XV. 738. Relation of tides to the moon’s 
 phases, 2 a, if. Establishment of the port, 
 2 ab; of the place, 740, 1 b. Spring and neap 
 tides, 738, 2 be; 740,1 be. Causesof, 739,1 be. 
 
 Variations in, 740, 1 be; semi-diurnal tides, 
 ib., 2 c; diurnal inequality, 2 b ; retard or age 
 of the tide, 741, 1 b; luni-tidal interval, ib .; 
 half monthly inequality An time, 2 be. Mo¬ 
 tion of water in tide waves, 2 a. Tides in 
 inland seas, 742, 2 b. Complications of, 2 c. 
 On the coasts of the United States, 743,1 be; 
 tide tables, 744, 2 a; co-tidal lines, 746, 1 a. 
 On the British coasts, 1 b ; in Bristol chan¬ 
 nel, III. 292, 2 b. Influence of tidal cur¬ 
 rents on the entrances of bays, &c., XV. 746, 
 
 1 b; hydraulic system of New York harbor, 
 
 2 b; “tide prism,” 747, 2 a. “Single day 
 tide,” 744, 1 b.—In the bay of Eundy, VII. 
 527, 2 c. Method of utilizing the force of 
 the tide, XIV. 226, 2 a. See Coast Survey, 
 IV. 761, 2 b. Effect of the earth’s rigidity 
 on the ocean tides, VI. 490, 1 a. Influence 
 of, on earth’s temperature, XI. 433, 2 c. 
 
 Tie beam , of a roof, XIV. 421, 1 ab. 
 
 Tieck, Ludwig [teek], German author, XV. 
 747; VII. 768, 1 c. Christian Friedrich, 
 sculptor, XV. 748, 1 ab. 
 
 Tiedemann, Dietrich [te^deh-man], German 
 philosopher, XV. 748. Friedrich, physiolo¬ 
 gist, 1 c. 
 
 Tiedge, Christoph August [teed'-geh], German 
 poet, XV. 748. 
 
 Tiefenau, battlefield o/[te'-feh-now], VII. 197, 
 2 c. 
 
 Tientsin [te-en-tseen 7 ], town of China, XV. 
 
 748. Treaties of, 2 c ; XIII. 233, 2 c. Mas¬ 
 sacre of, IV. 464, 2 be. 
 
 Tierce [teerce], in fencing, VII. 120, 2 b. 
 Tiermes [teer'-mess], Lapp deity, X. 164, 2 be. 
 Tierra del Fuego [te-air'-ra del fwa'-go], group 
 of islands, XV. 748. 
 
 Tiers-argent [Fr. tyair-zar-zha ug ], alloy, I. 368, 
 2 b (Aluminum) ; XII. 432, 2 a (Nickel). 
 Tiers Etat [tyair-za-ta]: see Third Estate 
 (Index). 
 
 Ties, railroad, XIV. 170, 2 a. 
 
 Tieute, poison, XVI. 217, 2 a. 
 
 Tiffin, city of Ohio, XV. 749. 
 
 Tiflis', government of Asiatic Russia, X\. 
 
 749. Capital city, 2 a (view). 
 
 Tiger, XV. 750 (ill.). Tree tiger, so called, 
 751,1 a. Native tiger of Tasmania, 578, 2 c. 
 South American, IX. 506, 2 a. 
 
 Tiger, insect, VIII. 629, 2 b. 
 
 Tiger Cat, XV. 750. Animals so called, 2 b, 
 751, 1 a. Rimau-dalian, 750, 2 be (ill.). 
 Tiger Flower, XV. 751 (ill.). 
 
 Tiger lily, X. 472, 1 ab. 
 
746 
 
 TIGER 
 
 TINGIS 
 
 Tiger Moth : see Mora, XI. 868, 1 b. 
 
 Tighe, Mary [tl], Irish authoress, XY. 751. 
 Tiglath-Pileser : see Assyria, II. 34, 1 a. 
 
 Tiglath-Pileser II., 2 be. 
 
 Tigra'nes raE Great, king of Armenia, XY. 
 
 751; I. 724, 1 a. Tigranes I., 723, 2 be. 
 Tigre [te'-gra], state of Abyssinia, XY. 751. 
 
 Dialect referred to, YI. 753, 1 ab. 
 
 Tigridia (botany), XY. 751, 1 ab. T. pavo- 
 nia, 1 be (ill.). 
 
 Tigris, river of Asia, XY. 752. 
 
 Tiguri'ni , Helvetian tribe, XY. 529, 1 b. 
 
 TiJcus [te'-koos]: see Bulau. 
 
 Tii/burg, town of the Netherlands, XY. 752. 
 Tilden, Samuel Jones, American lawyer, XY. 
 752. 
 
 Tile, XY. 752. Decorated tiles, 753, 1 a: see 
 Encaustic, YI. 591, 1 be; drain, YI. 241, 
 
 1 a (ill.), XIII. 786, 2 b; floor, 2 c; land, 
 
 2 b; roofing, 2 c, XIY. 420, 1 ab. 
 
 Tilghman, Richard [til'-man], IX. 717, 2 ab. 
 Tilia (botany), X. 501, 2 c. T. Americana, 
 
 502, 2 b (ill.); heterophylla, 503, 1 a. 
 Tilia'cece (botany), X. 502, 1 a. 
 
 Tillamook', county, XY. 753. 
 
 Tillamook, county seat, XY. 753, 2 b. 
 Tillandsia, genus of plants, XV. 753; XIII. 
 527, 2 c. T. usneoides, XV. 754, 1 a (ill.), 
 I. 218, 2 b; xipliioides, ib. ; utriculata, XIII. 
 547, 2 a, XY. 753, 2 c. 
 
 Tillemont, Louis Sebastien le Nain de [te- 
 yuh-mo ng ], French historian, XY. 754. 
 
 Tiller, of a ship, XIY. 863, 2 be. 
 
 Tilletia (botany), referred to, VII. 532, 2 c. 
 Tillodontia, order of mammals, XY. 754. 
 Tillotherium: see Tillodontia. 
 
 Tillotson, John, English prelate, XY. 754. 
 Tilly, Johann Tserclaes, count, German sol¬ 
 dier, XY. 755; X. 843, 1 a. 
 
 Tilpin : see Turpin. 
 
 Tilsit, town of Prussia, XY. 755. Treaty of, 
 ib. ; I. 282, 1 a; III. 42, 2 c; VII. 459, 2 a; 
 XIII. 648,1 be; XIY. 492, 2 a; XYI. 464, 2 c. 
 Tilton, Theodore, American author, XY. 755. 
 Timbac, plant, II. 215, 2 b. 
 
 Timber: see Wood, XVI. 704, 1 a. 
 
 Timbre [tim'-ber ; Fr. ta ng br’]: see Sound, XY. 
 
 177, 2 b; Music, XII. 74, 1 ab. 
 
 Timbs, John, English author, XY. 755. 
 
 Tirnby, Theodore R., inventor, IX. 381, 1 he. 
 
 Timby’s revolving turret (monitor), ib. (ill.). 
 Timbuctoo', town of Africa, XY. 755. 
 
 Time, measurement of minute intervals of, YI. 
 489, 2 a. See Velocimeter. 
 
 Times, London, newspaper, XII. 334, 2 c, 335, 
 
 1 ab, be. See Walter, John, and Delane. 
 Timoleon, Corinthian general, XY. 756. 
 Timon, the Misanthrope, XY., 756. 
 
 Timon, nom de plume, V. 358, 1 b. 
 
 Timor [te-more'J, island, Indian archipelago, 
 XY. 756. 
 
 Timo'theus, Athenian general, XY. 757. 
 Timothy, disciple of Paul, XV. 757. 
 
 Timothy, Paulician leader, XIII. 177, 2 b. 
 Timothy, Epistles to, XY. 757. 
 
 Timothy Grass, XY. 757 (ill., 758). 
 
 Timothy Titcomb , nom de plume, VIII. 766, 2 c. 
 Timour [te-moor'J, Asiatic conqueror, XY. 758. 
 Timpa, caves of, I. 190, 1 a. 
 
 Timpanogos [tiin-pa-no'-goce], lake, XI. 472, 
 
 2 ab. River, XYI. 232, 2 a. 
 
 Timrod, Henry, American poet, XY. 759. 
 Timuquans, Indian tribe, XY. 759. 
 
 Tin, XY. 759. Tin cry, 2 a. Chemistry of, 
 2 ab; “ tin-prepared liquor,” 2 c. History 
 of, 760, 1 a. Distribution, 1 c; “tin floors,” 
 761, 1 a; alluvial tin ore, or stream tin, 1 ab. 
 Metallurgy of tin, 762, 1 b; Saxon shaft fur¬ 
 nace, 763, 1 a (ill.); grain tin, 2 b. Uses of 
 tin, 764, 1 a; tin foil, ib. ; tin plate, or sheet 
 tin, 1 be.—Straits tin, XI. 48, 2 c. Alloys of : 
 see Amalgam, Britannia Metal, Bronze, 
 Mirror, Pewter, and Speculum. 
 
 Tina , Etrurian deity, YI. 765, 2 be. 
 
 Tinamo'tis (ornithology), XY. 765, 2 a. 
 Tin'amou, gallinaceous bird, XY. 765 (ill.). 
 
 Great tinamou, 1 c; rufescent, ib. 
 
 Tinamus (ornithology), XY. 765, 1 be. T. 
 Brasiliensis, 1 c. 
 
 Tinea (ichthyology), XY. 637, 2 a. T. vul¬ 
 garis, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Tincal, crude borax, III. 88, 2 be; purification 
 of, 2 c. Tincana, ib. 
 
 Tinctura Giobertina, for restoring erased writ¬ 
 ing, XIII. 12, 1 c. 
 
 Tincture, medical, XY. 765. 
 
 Tincture, in heraldry, VIII. 671, 2 a; 672, 2 c. 
 Armed of a tincture, 673, 1 b; langued of, 
 ib. ; unguled of, 1 be; attired of, ib. 
 
 Tindal, Matthew, English author, XY. 765. 
 Tindale, William: see Tyndale. 
 
 Tin'ece (entomology), XI. 870, 1 c. Tinea ves- 
 tianella, 2 a; tapetzella, pellionella, and cri- 
 nella,i5.; granella, ib., and XYI. 589,1 c (ill.). 
 Tinea lupinosa, disease of the scalp, YI. 689,1 b. 
 Tinghai [ting-hi']: see Chusan, IY. 570, 1 b. 
 Tingis, ancient city, XY. 566, 2 a. 
 
 Tingis (entomology), VIII. 629, 2 be. 
 
TIN ISLANDS 
 
 TIZA 
 
 747 
 
 Tin islands, XIV. 693, 1 a. See Cassiterides. 
 Tinmouth , earl of, ’ II. 586, 2 ab. 
 
 Tinn£ [tin-na/], American Indians, XV. 766. 
 Divisions, 1 a. 
 
 Tinne, Alexandrine Petronella Francina [tin'- 
 neli], Dutch traveller, XV. 766. 
 
 Tinning of mirrors, XI. 632, 2 c, ff.; I. 375,1 a. 
 Tinnunculus (ornithology), IX. 814, lb. T. 
 alaudarius, 1 c (ill.); cenchris, 2 c; sparve- 
 rius, XV. 230, 2 ab (ill.). 
 
 Tinoceras [tin-os'-e-ras], fossil mammal, XV. 
 766. 
 
 Tinstone , XV. 760, 1 c (Tin). 
 
 Tintellust: see Air, I. 217, 1 a (twice), b. 
 Tintoretto, II, Italian painter, XV. 766. 
 
 Tioga, two counties, XV. 766. 
 
 Tiononta'tes: see Wyandots, and IX. 79, 2 c. 
 Tip , brush used in gilding, VII. 808, 2 a. 
 Tipare'nos: see Spezzia. 
 
 Tippah, county, XV. 767. 
 
 Tippecanoe [tip-pe-ka-noo'], river of Indiana, 
 XV. 767. Battle of, V. 709, 2 a; IX. 239, 2 ab. 
 Tippecanoe, county, XV. 767. 
 
 Tipperary, county of Ireland, XV. 767. 
 
 Tippoo Sultan, or Tippoo Sahib, sovereign of 
 Mysore, XV. 767; XI. 48, 1 b ; IX. 210, 2 a. 
 Tipton, two counties, XV. 767. 
 
 Tipton, county seats, IV. 166,1 b; XV. 768, lab. 
 Tiptonville, county seat, X. 109, 2 a. 
 
 Tip'ula (entomology), VI. 129, 1 c. T. olera- 
 cea, ib. 
 
 Tipu'ladce (entomology), VIII. 51, 2 ab. 
 Tiraboschi, Girolamo [te-ra-bos'-ke], Italian 
 author, XV. 768. 
 
 Tiras, son of Japhetli, IX. 566, 2 c. 
 
 Tiresias, Greek soothsayer, XV. 768. 
 
 Tirhalcah [tir-ha'-ka], Ethiopian king, II. 35, 
 2 c; VI. 749, 2 be. 
 
 Tirida'tes, Parthian king, XIII. 135, 1 ab. 
 
 Tirsi [teer'-se], nom de plume, VII. 184, 1 c. 
 Tirthankaras, saints of the Jains, IX. 508,1 a. 
 Tiruvalluver, Tamil author, IX. 229, 1 c. 
 Tiryns, ancient city of Greece, XV. 768. 
 Tisohbein, Johann Heinrich Wilhelm [tislF- 
 bine], German painter, XV. 768. 
 Tischendorf, Lobegott Friedrich Constantin 
 von [tish'-en-dorf], German Biblical palaeog¬ 
 rapher, XV. 768. 
 
 Tishomingo, county, XV. 770. 
 
 Tisiphone [ti-sif'-o-ne]: see Eumenides. 
 Tissapher'nes, Persian general, XV. 770; I. 
 
 186, 1 c, 2 a; 262, 2 c (twice). 
 
 Tissot, Simon Andr6 [tees-so], Swiss physician, 
 XV. 770. 
 
 Tissues, animal, VIII. 745, 1 b. 
 
 Tisza [te'-sa]: see Tiieiss. 
 
 Tit, blue, bird, XV. 775, 1 c. Hanging tit, 
 
 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Titania, fairy queen, VII. 65, 1 b. 
 
 Titanium, metal, XV. 770. Discovery of, X. 
 
 23, 1 a. In iron ores, IX. 406, 2 b. 
 Titanotherium: see Tinoceras, and VI. 673,1 c. 
 Titans, in Greek mythology, XV. 771; V. 794, 
 
 1 be. 
 
 Titcomb, Timothy, nom deplume,VIII. 766, 2 c. 
 Tite, Sir William, English architect, XV. 771. 
 Tithes, a tax, XV. 771. 
 
 “ Tithe war ” in Ireland, IX. 359, 2 b. 
 
 Tithing, territorial division, XIII. 660, 2 b. 
 
 See Hundred, and Police, XIII. 660, 2 b. 
 Tithingman, V. 267, 1 a. 
 
 TitJionic rays, I. 75, 2 b. Tithonicity, ib. 
 Titho'nus, Trojan prince, II. 120, 2 c. 
 
 Titi [te'-te], variety of monkey, XVI. 294, 1 b. 
 Titian [tish'-an], Italian painter, XV. 772. 
 Titian of Verona, the: see Brusasorci. 
 Titicaca, Lake [te-te-ka'-ka], XV. 773; III. 
 12, 2 c. 
 
 Titiens: see Titjens. 
 
 Titien'ses: see Romulus, XIV. 419, 1 a, and 
 XIII. 167, 2 c. 
 
 Titius [te'-tse-oos], (Johann Daniel, 1729—’96, 
 professor at Wittenberg), law of, XIII. 569, 
 
 1 c. See Bode. 
 
 Titjens, Therese [teet'-yence], German vocal¬ 
 ist, XV. 773. (Died 1877.) 
 
 Titlark, bird, XV. 773. American, 774, 1 ab 
 (ill.); Missouri, 1 c. European, meadow, or 
 pipit (titling), ib. 
 
 Titles of courtesy, English, XIII. 226, 1 a. 
 Titling, XV. 774, 1 c (Titlark). 
 
 Titmarsh , Michael Angelo, pseudonyme, XV. 
 680, 2 ab. 
 
 Titmouse, bird, XV. 774. Tufted, 2 be (ill.) ; 
 black-capped, 775, 1 a; great titmouse, or 
 tit, ib. ; blue tit, 1 c ; hanging tit, 2 a (ill.). 
 Titus, county, XV. 775. 
 
 Titus (Titus Flavius Sabinus Vespasianus), Ro¬ 
 man emperor, XV. 775. Baths of, II. 383, 
 
 2 a (ilk). Arch of, XIV. 412, 2 a (ill.). 
 Titus, companion of St. Paul, XV. 776. 
 
 Titus, Epistle to, XV. 776. 
 
 Titus (Simeon), Paulician leader, XIII. 177, 2 b. 
 Titusville, city of Pennsylvania, XV. 776. 
 Tivoli [te'-vo-le], tow T n of Italy, XV. 776. 
 
 Tiw [tew]: see Tuesday. 
 
 Tiz [teez], ancient city, IV. 271, 1 a. 
 
 Tiza [te'-sa], mineral, III. 89, 2 a. 
 
748 
 
 TIZIANO 
 
 TOLLENDAL 
 
 Tiziano Vecello [te-tse-a'-no va-chel'-lo]: see 
 Titian. 
 
 Tlaloc , Mexican divinity, I. 397, 1 a. 
 
 Tlascala: see Tlaxcala. 
 
 Tlaxcala [tlax-ka'-la], state and city of Mexico, 
 XV. 776. Republic, 2 c; Y. 385, 2 c. 
 Tlemcen, town of Algeria, XY. 777. 
 
 Tlicoatl [tle-kwatl'J, serpent, II. 762, 2 c. 
 Trnolus , Mt., I. 239, 1 a (Ala-Shehe). 
 
 Toad, XY. 777. Common European, 2 c (ill.) ; 
 natterjack, mephitic, or green, 778, 2 a ; com¬ 
 mon American, 2 ab; accoucheur, 2 c; Su¬ 
 rinam, 779, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Toad Fish, XY. 779. Grunting, 2 a; common 
 American, 2 ab (ill.). Care of its young, 
 YII. 239, 2 a. 
 
 Toadstool , 1.173,1 c ; YII. 528,2 a; XII. 70,2 b. 
 Tobacco, XV. 779. Tobacco plant, 780, 1 a 
 (ill.). Extent of cultivation, 2 ab; methods, 
 781, 1 a. Hand of tobacco, 782, 1 b (ill.). 
 Yield, 2 a. Varieties, 2 ab. Preparation, 2 c. 
 Cut tobacco, 783, 1 b. Snuffs, 1 c; use of 
 in “ dipping,” 785, 1 ab. Composition of 
 tobacco, 783, 2 c. Adulterations, 784, 1 be. 
 Medicinal effects, 2 a. Statistics, 785, 1 b. 
 Tobacco , oil of ’ XY. 784, 1 b; XII. 437, 1 c. 
 Tobacco amaurosis , XV. 785, 1 a. 
 
 Tobacco camphor , volatile oil, XY. 784, 1 a. 
 Tobacco Indians: see Wyandots. 
 
 Tobacco Pipe : see Pipe, Tobacco. 
 Tobacco-pipe fish , XIII. 537, 1 a. 
 
 Tobacco worm , XY. 781, 1 c. 
 
 Toba'go, island, West Indies, XY. 785. 
 
 Tobe, cotton garment, VIII. 450, 2 be. 
 
 Tobias: see Tobit (Index). 
 
 Tobit, book of the Apocrypha, XY. 785. 
 Tobolsk', government of Siberia, XY. 786. 
 Capital city, 1 b. 
 
 Toby , printing block, III. 595, 2 b. 
 
 Tocantins [to-kan-teenss'J, river of Brazil, XY. 
 
 786. 
 
 Tocat: see Tokat. 
 
 Tocqtteville, Alexis Charles Henri Clerel de 
 [dull tiik-veel], French author, XY. 786. 
 Tocuyo [to-koo'-yo], cotton cloth, III. 15, 1 ab. 
 Tod, James, English soldier, XV. 786. 
 
 Toda, tribe in India, IX. 215, 2 be; XII. 218, 
 1 be. 
 
 Todd, three counties, XY. 786. 
 
 Todd, Francis , charged with piracy by Garri¬ 
 son, YII. 628, 2 c. 
 
 Todd, Henry John, English clergyman, XY. 787. 
 Todd, James Henthorne, Irish antiquary, XY. 
 
 787. See Beehon Laws. 
 
 Todd, John, American clergyman, XY. 787. 
 Todd, Robert Bentley, British physiologist, 
 XY. 787. 
 
 Toddy , fermented sap, I. 763,1 c; XIII. 19, 2 b. 
 Toddy Teee : see Palm, XIII. 18, 1 c (ill.). 
 Tod-hah-dohs , Indian chief, X. 575, 2 b. 
 Todhuntee, Isaac, English mathematician, XY. 
 787. 
 
 Todi, Giacapone da , author of “ Stabat Mater,” 
 YII. 427, 1 a. 
 
 Todleben, Franz Eduard [tote'-la-ben], Rus¬ 
 sian military engineer, XY. 788. (Com¬ 
 mander-in-chief in Turkey 1878.) 
 
 Toende [ton'-deli], Danish acre, I. 72, 2 c. 
 Tofana : see Aqua Tofana. 
 
 Toga, garment: see Pallium, XIII. 16, 1 ab. 
 Toggenburg, county of [tug'-gen-boorg], XY. 
 
 529, 2 b. Second war of, 530, 2 c. 
 
 Toggle joint, in mechanics, XI. 329, 1 c (ills.). 
 Togluk [to-glook'], dynasty of, in India, IX. 
 207, 2 c. 
 
 Togeul Beg [to-grool']: see Seljuks. 
 
 Togue, fish, XYI. 9, 1 ab. 
 
 Toiles de Cholet [twal dull sliuh-la], fabrics, IV. 
 515, 1 ab. 
 
 Toions, Kamtchatdale chiefs, IX. 741, 1 b. 
 Tokaido [to-ki'-do], highway in Japan, IX. 
 741, 1 c. 
 
 Tokat', town of Asiatic Turkey, XY. 788. 
 Tokay [to-ki'J, town of Hungary, XY. 788. 
 
 Wine, IX. 66, 1 be. 
 
 Token, XII. 535, 1 c (Numismatics). 
 
 To'kio, capital of Japan, XY. 788; X. 13, 2 c. 
 Fires in, Y. 237, 1 b. 
 
 Tokolyi, Imre: see Hungaey, IX. 58, 1 ab. 
 Tokugawa [to-koo-ga'-wa], sliogunate of, IX. 
 542, 2 c. 
 
 Toland, John, British author, XV. 788. 
 Tole'do [Sp. to-la'-^o], province of Spain, XV. 
 789. Capital city, 1 c. Alcazar, 2 ab (ill.). 
 History, 2 b. 
 
 Toledo, city of Ohio, XY. 790. 
 
 Toledo , county seat, XY. 561, 1 ab. 
 
 Toledo, pyramid of, in Peru, I. 400, 2 c. 
 
 Toledo blades, XY. 789, 2 b. 
 
 Tolentino, treaty <?/[to-len-te'-no], XIII. 559, 2b. 
 Toleration, edict of, in Austria, IX. 688, 1 b. 
 Toleration act, English, YI. 615, 2 c; XIY. 
 233, 2 c. 
 
 Tole'tum, XV. 789, 1 c (Toledo). 
 
 Toling, for wild ducks, III. 734, 1 a-c. 
 Tolland, county, XY. 790. 
 
 Tolland, county seat, XY. 791, 1 a. 
 
 Tollendal, baron of: see Lally. 
 
TOLLEXS 
 
 TOPOLIAS 
 
 749 
 
 Tollens, Hendrik Corneliszoon, Dutch poet, 
 XV. 791. 
 
 Tolna [tole'-naw], county of Hungary, XY. 791. 
 Tolosa: see Toulouse. 
 
 Tolstoi, Russian family, XY. 791. 
 
 Toltecan: see Toltecs (Index). 
 
 Toltecs, ancient Mexican race, XY. 791; I. 
 392, 2 a; 455, 2 a. See Mayas, and Mexi¬ 
 co, XI. 472, 1 a. Their solar year, 481, 2 c. 
 Their picture writing, YIII. 721, 1 a. 
 
 Tolu', Balsam of: see Balsams, II. 249,1 b (ill.). 
 Toluca [to-loo'-ka], city of Mexico, XV. 791. 
 
 “ Tom alley” X. 561, 2 a (Lobster). 
 
 Toman , Persian coin, XIII. 320, 2 be. 
 
 Tomato, XY. 791. Varieties of, 792, 1 ab 
 (ills., 791). Tree tomato, 2 a (ill.). Origin 
 of the name, I. 411, 1 b. 
 
 Tombac , alloy, XYI. 817, 1 b; III. 213, 2 ab. 
 Tombigbee, river, XY. 792. 
 
 Tomb mounds of Chaldea , drainage of, XIY. 
 795, 1 a. 
 
 “ Tomb of the Revolution,” in the catacombs of 
 Paris, IV. 96, 1 c. “ Tomb of Victims,” ib. 
 Tomboro, Mt ., volcano, XY. 466, 2 a. 
 
 Tom Green, county, XY. 792. 
 
 Tomham: see Dairies, YII. 65, 1 a. 
 
 Tomi , ruins of, X. 65, 2 a. 
 
 Tomline, George [tom'-lin], English prelate, 
 XY. 793. 
 
 Tommaseo, Xicolo [tom-ma-za'-o], Italian au¬ 
 thor, XV. 793. 
 
 Tom-o'-Bedlams, Bedlam beggars, II. 450, 1 a-. 
 Tomo'mi Iwakura [e-wa-koo'-ra], Japanese 
 statesman, XY. 793; IX. 546, 1 c. 
 
 Tompkins, county, XY*. 793. 
 
 Tompkins, Daniel D., American statesman, 
 XY. 793. 
 
 Tompldnsville , county seat, XI. 760, 1 c. 
 Tomsk, government of Siberia, XY. 793. Cap¬ 
 ital city, 794, 1 a. 
 
 Toms River, county seat, XII. 573, 1 a. 
 
 Tom the piper, XI. 847, 1 a (Morris Dance). 
 Tom Thumb, Gen., dwarf, II. 324, 1 b. 
 
 Tomtit, bird, XY. 775, 1 c. 
 
 Tom’yris, queen of the Massagetae, XI. 261,1 a; 
 Y. 621, 2 b. 
 
 Ton [tun], weight and measure, XY. 794. 
 Tonbridge: see Tunbridge. 
 
 Tone, Theobald Wolfe, Irish revolutionist, 
 XY. 794. William Theobald Wolfe, 2 b. 
 Tonga bean: see Tonqua Bean. 
 
 Tonga Islands: see Friendly Islands. 
 Tongataboo : see Friendly Islands, YII. 492, 
 2 c. Cromlech at (ill.), 493. 
 
 Tong-Jcing: see Tonquin (Index). 
 
 Tongs, for gathering oysters, YI. 256, 2 a. 
 Tongue, XY. 794 (ills.). Tongue bone, 77, 2 ab. 
 See Comparative Anatomy, V. 177, 2 c; 
 178, 1 ab, bc-2 ab; 180, 2 b, c. 
 
 Tonicity, in music, XII. 84, 2 a. 
 
 “ Tonic sol-fa,” system of notation, XII. 83,1 b. 
 Toning bath, in photography, XIII. 471, 1 a. 
 Tonlca bean: see Tonqua Bean. 
 
 Tonometer, Scheibler's, XY. 177, 1 be. 
 
 Tonqua Bean [ton'-ka], XY. 796 (ill.). 
 
 Tonquin [ton-keen']: see Anam, I. 456, 2 a. 
 Tonquin, Gulf of, XY. 796. 
 
 Tonquin bean : see Tonqua Bean. 
 
 Tonsillitis, XY. 796, 2 b. See Quinsy. 
 Tonsils (anatomy), XY. 796. 
 
 Tonstall : see Tunstall. 
 
 Tonti, Lorenzo, XV. 796, 2 be; 797, 1 b. 
 Tontine [ton-teen'], a kind of life annuity, 
 XY. 796. 
 
 Tonty, Henry de, Italian explorer, XY. 797. 
 See La Salle. 
 
 Tooe'le, county, XY. 797. Capital, 2 a. 
 TooJcariJca, Indians, XY. 6, 2 a. 
 
 Tooke, John Horne, English politician, XY.797. 
 Tooke, William, English clergyman, XY. 798. 
 
 Thomas, political economist, 1 c. 
 
 Tool, of gold leaf, YIII. 86, 2 b. 
 
 Tooling, in bookbinding, III. 79, 2 c; blind 
 tooling, ib. 
 
 Toombs, Robert, American politician, XY. 798. 
 Toorkistan : see Turkistan. 
 
 Toothache tree, XIII. 830, 1 c. 
 
 Top, in rope making, XIY. 425, 2 b. 
 
 Top, platform of mast, XIY. 864, 2 b. 
 
 Topare [to-pa-ra'], XIII. 682,2 a (Pollanarrua), 
 Topaz, precious stone, XY. 798. False, 2 c, 
 Oriental, XIY. 626, 1 b, 2 c; IY. 561, 1 c. 
 White, XIY. 131, 2 c. 
 
 Topcastle, in a ship, XIY. 856, 2 ab. 
 
 Tope, fish, XIY. 828, 1 be. Common tope, 1 c. 
 Tope, burial place, II. 208, 2 a. 
 
 Topeka, capital of Kansas, XY. 798. State 
 house, 2 c (ill., 799). 
 
 Topffee, Rudolphe [tup-fair], Swiss novelist, 
 XY. 799. 
 
 Tophana [to'-fa-na], suburb of Constantinople, 
 Y. 277,1 ab. 
 
 Tophet, XY. 799. See Gehenna. 
 
 Toplady, Augustus Montague, English clergy¬ 
 man, XV. 799. 
 
 Toplitz : see Teplitz. 
 
 Topmast, of a ship, XIY. 864, 2 be. 
 
 Topolias, lake: see Copais. 
 
750 
 
 TOQUERVILLE 
 
 TORTOISE 
 
 
 Toquerville [to'-ker-vil], county seat, IX. 742,1 b. 
 
 Tor , granite hill: see Dartmoor, V. 693, 2 a. 
 
 Torazzo [to-rat'-so], belfry tower of Cremona, 
 Y. 474, 2 b. 
 
 Torbane hill mineral , manufacture of gas and 
 oil from, IX. 812, 2 ab. 
 
 Torben Oxe [ox'-eh], Danish courtier, suspected 
 of poisoning, IY. 524, 2 c. 
 
 Torbernite , mineral, XVI. 220, 1 b. 
 
 Torch thistle , plant, XY. 713, 2 ab. 
 
 Tore lake, Killarney, IX. 832, 2 a. 
 
 Torcular Heroph'ili (anatomy), VIII. 692, 1 b. 
 
 Toreno, Jos6 Maria Queypo de Llano Ruiz de 
 Saravia, count of [to-ra'-no], Spanish states¬ 
 man, XV. 799. 
 
 Toreutic art , of the ancients, XIY. 716, 1 ab. 
 
 Torf^e'us, Icelandic scholar, XY. 799; IX. 
 156, 1 a. 
 
 Torfason , Thormodr: see Torf^eus (Index). 
 
 Torgau [tor'-gow], town of Prussia, XY. 800. 
 Book of, ib. ; Y. 208, 2 a. 
 
 Torgots , Calmuck tribe, III. 623, 2 a. 
 
 Torino [to-re'-no] : see Turin. 
 
 Torlonia, Alessandro, prince, Italian capitalist, 
 XY. 800. 
 
 Tormentum: see Ballista, II. 245, 1 a. 
 
 Tor modus: see Torf^eus. 
 
 Torna [tor'-naw], county of Ilungary, XY. 800. 
 
 Tornacum: see Tournay, XY. 824, 2 c. 
 
 Tornado : see Wind, XYI. 659, 2 a. 
 
 Tornea (Swed. Torned, tor'-neh-o), river, XY. 
 800. Town of Finland, 1 c. 
 
 Torngak , Esquimaux deity, YI. 729, 2 be. 
 
 To'rontal, county of Hungary, XV. 800. 
 
 Toronto, capital of Ontario, Canada, XY. 800. 
 University of, 2 be (ill., 801). 
 
 Torpedo, genus of fishes, XY. 802. Electrical 
 apparatus, 1 b. Of the Mediterranean, 1 c. 
 American, 2 a (ill.). Early knowledge of 
 its electric power, YI. 500, 2 b. 
 
 Torpedo, submarine instrument of destruction, 
 XV. 802. Experiments of Fulton, Colt, and 
 others, 803, 1 a, fF. TJse of in the late civil 
 war, 2 b. Schools for investigating subma¬ 
 rine warfare, 804, 1 a. System of coast de¬ 
 fence, 1 b; Austrian, 1 c (ilk). Offensive 
 torpedoes, 2 c; Wood and Lay’s, Whitehead’s, 
 Harvey’s, 805,1 a-c (ills.). Submarine rock¬ 
 ets, 2 a, and torpedo boats, 2 b; Ericsson’s 
 modification of, 806, 1 a. 
 
 Torquatus, Titus Manlius Imperiosus, hero of 
 Roman story, XY. 806. 
 
 Torquay [tor-ke'J, town of England, XY. 806. 
 Kent’s hole, cavern, 2 a. 
 
 Torquema'da, Juan de [Sp. tore-ka-ma'-^aj, 
 Spanish theologian, XY. 806. 
 
 Torquemada, Tomas de, first Spanish inquisi¬ 
 tor general, XV. 806; IX. 294, 2 b. His 
 zeal restrained by the pope, XV. 807, 1 a. 
 
 Torre, duke de la [tore'-ra]: see Serrano. 
 
 Torre de Belem [da ba-le ng '], II. 484, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Torre degli Asinelli [da'-lye a-ze-nel'-le], lean¬ 
 ing tower of Bologna, III. 18, 1 a (ill.). 
 Torre Garisenda or Mozza, ib. 
 
 Torre del Greco, coral fishery of, Y. 342, 2 a. 
 
 Torre delV orologio, of Venice, XYI. 298, 1 c. 
 
 Torre de oro, of Seville, XIV. 790, 2 b. 
 
 Torre di fame [de fa'-ma] (tower of hunger), 
 VII. 792, 1 c. 
 
 Torrefied starch , YI. 65, 1 c. 
 
 Torres Yedras [tor'-ress va'-drass], town of 
 Portugal, XV. 807. Lines of,^>.; X.522,1 ab. 
 
 Torrey, John, American botanist and chemist, 
 XY. 807. 
 
 Torre'ya, genus of trees, XV. 807. T. taxi- 
 folia, 2 a (ill.); nucifera, 2 c; Californica, 
 808, 1 a. 
 
 Torricelli, Evangelista [tor-re-chel'-le], Italian 
 mathematician, XY. 808. See Barometer, 
 II. 325, 2 c. 
 
 Torsion, in amputation, I. 442, 1 c. 
 
 Torsion, laws of the elasticity of, YI. 489, 2 b- 
 In the commercial spring balance, 2 c. In 
 the Cavendish experiment, ib. Theory of, ib. 
 
 Torsion Balance: see Balance, II. 234, 1 c; 
 Electricity, YI. 503, 2 b (ill., 504); 357, 2 c. 
 
 Torsion process, for making Damascus steel, Y. 
 653, 2 c. 
 
 7 • 
 
 Torsk : see Cusk, Y. 592, 2 a. 
 
 Torstenson, Lennart, count of Ortala, Swe¬ 
 dish general, XY. 808. See Christina, 
 queen of Sweden, and Thirty Years’ War. 
 
 Tort, in law, XY. 808. Distinction between 
 private injuries and public wrongs, 2 b. In¬ 
 fringements of private or individual rights, 
 2 c ; wrong must be shown, 809, 1 a. Dam¬ 
 age presumed in legal wrong, *1 b. Liability 
 for recklessness or negligence, 1 c. Intru¬ 
 sion on another’s property, or usurpation of 
 it, ib. Misrepresentation to another’s in¬ 
 jury, 2 a. Liability of public officers, 2 b; 
 of corporations, ib. References for various 
 kinds of torts and actions, 2 c. 
 
 Torteau, in heraldry, VIII. 672, 2 c. 
 
 Tortilla [tore-te'-lya], maize cake, XL 43, 2 b. 
 
 Tortoise [tor'-tis], XV. 809. General charac¬ 
 ters : see Testudinata ; skeleton (ill.), ib. 
 Families, 810,1 b, ff. Painted tortoise, 811, 
 
TORTOISE 
 
 TOWER 
 
 751 
 
 2 be (ill.) ; speckled or spotted, 2 c (ill., 812); 
 geographic, 812, 1 a; sculptured, 1 b (ill.); 
 box or checkered, 1 c (ill.). Land tortoises, 
 2 ab; African coui, 2 be; gopher, ib ., 2 c, ff.; 
 European, 813, lb; Galapagos, ib. Tortoise 
 shell of commerce, 2 a; XVI. 81, 1 ab. Fos¬ 
 sil gigantic tortoise, XV. 812, 2 be. See Tur¬ 
 tle. Tenacity of life : see Reptiles, XIV. 
 274, 2 ab. 
 
 Tortoise Plant, XV. 813 (ill.). 
 
 Torto'la, West Indian island, XV. 813. 
 
 Tortosa, city of Spain, XV. 814. 
 
 Tortrices , moths, XI. 870, 1 b. 
 
 Tortugas [tor-too'-gass], island of the West 
 Indies, XV. 814. See Dry Tortugas, and 
 Florida, VII. 280, 1 ab, b. 
 
 Torture, in judicial proceedings, XV. 814. 
 Technical terms, 1 c. Use for the discovery 
 of guilt, 2 a; in England, 2 b, V. 152, 1 c; 
 by the inquisition, XV. 814, 2 be. General 
 abolition of, 2 c. Instruments and methods, 
 815, 1 a. Forms of, as punishment for crime, 
 1 b. For extorting a plea : see Peine Forte 
 et Dure. 
 
 Tor'ula , a low vegetable germ, II. 208, 1 b 
 (Bacterium) ; XIII. 573, 2 be ; XVI. 775, 2 b. 
 T. cerevisise, VII. 142, 2 ab; VI. 688, 2 b. 
 
 Torus , of plants, XIII. 586, 1 a. In architec¬ 
 ture, I. 657, 1 c. 
 
 Tory : see Whig and Tory. Long ascendancy 
 of the tories, VII. 708, 1 b. 
 
 Tosaphoth, in Jewish literature, VIII. 596,1 a; 
 XV. 560, 2 c. 
 
 Tosca , substance of obstructions in the Plata, 
 XIII. 597, 1 ab. 
 
 Toscana [tos-ka'-na]: see Tuscany. 
 
 Toscanelli, Paolo , cosmographer, encourage¬ 
 ment of Columbus by, V. 126, 1 ab. 
 
 Tosohi, Paolo [tos'-ke], Italian engraver, XV. 
 815; VI. 649, 2 a. 
 
 Tosephta , in Jewish literature, VIII. 595, 1 a. 
 
 “ Toss up” on the stock exchange, XV. 388, 1 c. 
 
 Total Abstinence, XV. 815. Early efforts in 
 America against intemperance, 2 ab. Mod¬ 
 ern temperance movement, 2 c. License 
 question, 816, 2 b. Prohibitory laws, 817, 
 1 a. Political action, 2 c. Total abstinence 
 societies, 818, 1 ab. Great Britain, 2 b. 
 
 Tot'ila, Gothic king of Italy, XV. 819; VIII. 
 126, 2 a; IX. 728, 1 a. 
 
 Totis : see Dotis. 
 
 Tottenville , Staten Island, XV. 323, 2 b (twice). 
 
 Touamotou islands [twa-mo-too'J: see Low 
 Archipelago. 
 
 Tou'oan, bird, XV. 819. Toucans proper, 820, 
 1 b. Toco toucan, ib. ; yellow-breasted, 1 be; 
 aracari, 2 a; yellow, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Touch, sense of feeling, XV. 820. Relative 
 acuteness at different points, 2 be. Effect 
 of cold and heat, 821, 1 a ; of other agencies, 
 1 b; of cultivation, 1 be. In the lower 
 animals, 1 c. 
 
 Touchstone: see Lydian Stone, and IX. 570,2 b. 
 
 Toul [tool], town of France, XV. 821. 
 
 Toulmin, Camilla [tool'-min]: see Crosland'. 
 
 Toulmin, Joshua, English clergyman, XV. 821. 
 
 Toulon [too-lo ng ], seaport of France, XV. 821 
 (view, 822). 
 
 Toulon [too'-lon], county seat, XV. 322, 1 ab. 
 
 Toulouse [too-looz], city of France, XV. 822. 
 Church of St. Sernin, 1 c (ill.). Synod or 
 council of, I. 253, 1 c; IX. 293, 2 b. 
 
 Touraine, old province of France, XV. 823. 
 
 Tour brune , la [la toor brim], VI. 560, 1 b. 
 
 Tourcoing [toor-kwa ng ], town of France, XV. 
 823. 
 
 Tour de la Pucelle , V.. 189, 2 ab. 
 
 Tourmaline [toor'-ma-lin], mineral, XV. 823. 
 Form of, V. 538, 2 b. Polarization of light 
 by plates of, X. 446, 2 a (ills.). Tourmaline 
 pincetto, 449, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Tournai: see Tournay. 
 
 Tour'nament, XV. 823 ; IV. 497, 2 a. Joust, 
 XV. 824, 1 b. Arms employed, 1 c. Pas¬ 
 sage of arms, 2 be. 
 
 Tournay, town of Belgium, XV. 824. 
 
 Tournefort, Joseph Pitton de [toor-nkh-for], 
 French botanist, XV. 825. 
 
 Touro , Judah , Jewish philanthropist (1775— 
 1854, merchant of Xew Orleans, born in 
 Newport), XII. 327, 2 a; 330, 1 be; IX. 
 617, 2 c. 
 
 Tours [toor], city of France, XV. 825. 
 
 Tourville, Anne Hilarion de Cotentin, count 
 de [toor-veel], French admiral, XV. 825. 
 
 Tous les mois [too la m wa], a starch, XV. 317,2 c. 
 
 Toussaint, Frangois Dominique, surnamed 
 L’Ouverture [too-sa ng loo-vair-tur], Ilaytian 
 general, XV. 825. Made president for life, 
 826,1 c. Treacherously seized and conveyed 
 to France, 2 be. Imprisonment, barbarous 
 treatment, and death, 2 c. 
 
 Toutin, Jean [too-ta Dg ], artist: see Enamelling, 
 VI. 590, 1 a. 
 
 Towanda [to-wan'-da], county seat, III. 179, 2 b. 
 
 Tower Hamlets , London, X. 592, 1 a. 
 
 Tower of hunger: see Torre di fame (Index). 
 
 Tower of London, X. 612, 2 b (ill., 613). 
 
752 
 
 TOWER 
 
 TRANSFER 
 
 Tower of the Winds , at Athens, VI. 68, 1 c. 
 
 Towers , round , of Ireland, IX. 355, 1 a-b. 
 
 Towhee : see Chewink, and IV. 394, 1 b. 
 
 Town, XV. 827. Germ of, 1 ab. In European 
 states, 1 b. In New England, 1 c; town 
 officers, 2 b; town meeting, 2 c. County 
 system in the south and west, ib. Compro¬ 
 mise system, 828, 1 ab. Boroughs and vil¬ 
 lages, 1 c. City, 2 a.—Town or township in 
 U. S. territories, 491, 2 ab. 
 
 “ Town and gownf quarrels of at Oxford, XII. 
 761, 2 a. 
 
 Townley, Charles, English art collector, XV. 
 828. Townley collection, ib. 
 
 Towns, county, XV. 828. 
 
 Townsend, Rev. John , his labors for the deaf 
 and dumb, V. 732, 1 b. 
 
 Townshend, Charles [town'-zend], English 
 statesman, XV. 828. Charles (2d), states¬ 
 man, 829, 1 b. Townshend’s act, taxing 
 American colonial trade, 1 c; I. 108, 2 a. 
 
 Township : see Town, and Surveying, XV. 
 491, 2 b. Township lines, ib. 
 
 Town's lattice truss , for bridges, III. 273, 1 b. 
 
 Towsontown , county seat, II. 252, 2 b. 
 
 Toxicodendric acid , XV. 463, 1 b. 
 
 Toxicodendron : see Sumach. 
 
 Toxicology : see Poison, XIII. 639, 1 a. 
 
 Toxodon (palgeontology), XV. 829. T. Platen- 
 sis, 2 a; IX. 138, 1 b (Hyrax). 
 
 Trdbec'ular tissue (anatomy), XV. 280, 1 c. 
 
 Trachea [tra'-ke-a or tra-ke'-a], (anatomy), X. 
 721, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Tracheli'na , class of animalcules, I. 515, 1 c. 
 
 Track'emys scab'ra (zoology), XV. 661, 1 c. 
 
 Tracheot'omy, surgical operation, XV. 829. 
 See Croup, V. 518, 1 c. 
 
 Trachoni'tis , II. 359, 2 b, c (Bashan). 
 
 Trachyp'terus (ichthyology), XIV. 306, 1 c. 
 
 Trachyte [tra'-kite], a volcanic rock, XV. 830. 
 
 Tract and Publication Societies, XV. 830. 
 
 Tractarianism, religious movement, XV. 832. 
 
 Tractors, Metallic: see Perkins, Elisha. 
 
 “ Tracts for the Times: ” see Tractarianism. 
 
 Tracy : see Destutt de Tracy, and Philoso¬ 
 phy, XIII. 444, 1 a. 
 
 Tracv, William de, murderer of Thomas a 
 Becket, II. 441, 2 b. 
 
 Trade , Roman contempt of, XIII. 665, 1 c. 
 Trade dollar , VI. 187, la; V. 27, 2 be. 
 
 Trade Mark, XV. 832. 
 
 Trader's Hill , county seat, IV. 321, 2 b. 
 
 Trade sales , establishment of, III. 784, 2 be. 
 
 Trades Union, XV. 833. Trades unions in 
 
 England, 834, 1 a (table). Objects of, 1 c. 
 Effects of, 835, 1 a. Trades union congress, 
 
 1 be. National federation, 1 c. Strikes and 
 lockouts, 2 a. Trades unions in Australia 
 and Canada, 2 be; in Europe, 2 c; in the 
 United States, 836, 2 c. See International 
 Association. 
 
 Trade Winds, XV. 837; IX. 244, 2 c; XII. 
 
 781, 2 b; XVI. 658, 1 b-c. 
 
 Traditor , special use of the word, VI. 207, 
 
 2 c; 208, 1 c, 2 c. 
 
 Traf'algar, cape of Spain, XV. 838. Battle 
 of, XII. 221, 2 c. 
 
 Trafalgar square , London, X. 594, 2 b (ill.). 
 Trag'acanth: see Gum, VIII. 321, 1 a. 
 Tragedy: see Drama. 
 
 Tragopan, bird, XV. 838 (ill.). 
 
 Tragopo'gon (botany), XII. 774, 1 b. T. porri- 
 folius, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Trag'ulus (zoology), XII. 95, 2 b. T. Javani- 
 cus, ib. ; Pygmceus, 2 c (ill., 96). 
 
 Tra'gus, Hieronymus, German botanist, XV. 
 838. 
 
 Trail, Mrs. Catharine Parr: see Strickland, 
 Agnes, XV. 424, 2 b. 
 
 Trailing Arbutus : see Arbutus (Index). 
 Training colleges , XII. 483, 2 c. 
 
 Training day, annual drill, XI. 541, 1 b. 
 Trajan, Roman emperor, XV. 838; X. 197, 
 2 be. Treatment of the Christians, 2 b; 
 XIII. 613, 2 ab. Arch of, at Ancona, I. 469 t 
 1 a (ill.) ; atBenevento, II. 522,1 a. Forum 
 and column of, at Rome, XIV. 413, 1 a (ilk). 
 Trajan’s wall, in the Dobrudja, X. 65, 1 b; 
 VI. 165, 1 c. 
 
 Trajectory , in gunnery, VIII. 325, 2 c. 
 Trajectum ad Rhenum: see Utrecht, XVI. 
 237, 2 b. 
 
 Trall, Russell Thacher, American physician, 
 XV. 839. (Died 1877.) 
 
 Tram, kind of silk thread, XV. 42, 1 b. 
 Tramelogedia , species of drama, I. 295, 1 b. 
 Tramontana , a wind, XIV. 416, 2 c. 
 
 Tramway, XIV. 170, 2 a (Railroad). 
 
 Trani [tra'-ne], town of Italy, XV. 840. 
 Tranquebar [tran-kwe-bar'j, town of British 
 India, XV. 840. 
 
 Transacincum , Roman colony, XIII. 349, 1 be. 
 Transalpini: see Ultramontanists. 
 Transcaucasia: see Caucasus, IV. 133, 1 ab- 
 Transoendental, in metaphysics, XV. 840. 
 
 School of Boston, XIII. 447, 2 a. 
 
 Transfer paper, X. 526, 2 c, 527, 2 b; ink, 
 527,1 a. 
 
TRANSFERRING 
 
 TREMOUILLE 
 
 753 
 
 Transferring process, Perkins's, in engraving, 
 VI. 653, 2 b. 
 
 Transfusion of Blood, XV. 840. 
 
 Transit, in astronomy, XV. 841. Transits of 
 Venus, 2 ab, ff.; photographing of, 631, 1 b. 
 Of Mercury, 842, 2 a. 
 
 Transit, Engineer’s: see Theodolite. 
 
 Transit Circle, astronomical instrument, XV. 
 842 (ill.). Transit instrument, 2 c; clock, 
 843, 1 a; circle, 1 ab; telescope, 1 c. 
 Transition , in music, XII. 85, 1 ab. 
 Transmigrations of the soul , IX. 226, 2 b. See 
 Metempsychosis. 
 
 Transoxiana , in ancient geography, II. 799, 2 a. 
 Transubstantiation : see Lord’s Supper, X. 
 638, 2 a. Term first used controversially, 
 2 b; officially, 184, 1 be. 
 
 Transvaal Republic : see Boers, II. 777, 1 a. 
 Transversals, theory of in geometry, VII. 702, 
 1 be. 
 
 Transverse fissure (anatomy), X. 536, 2 c. 
 Transylvania, grand duchy of Austria-Hun¬ 
 gary, XV. 845. History, 846, 2 c. 
 Transylvania, county, XV. 847. 
 Transylvania University: see Lexington, 
 
 Ky. 
 
 Trap, in geology, XV. 847; VIII. 238, 2 c. 
 Trapa bispinosa (botany), IV. 54, 2 ab. 
 Trapani [tra'-pa-ne], province of Sicily, XV. 
 
 847. Capital city, 2 a. 
 
 Trap'ezus : see Trebizond. 
 
 Trapper , in English coal mines, V. 66, 2 a. 
 Trapping , of the beaver, II. 435, 1 b. 
 Trappists, a branch of the Cistercians, XV. 847. 
 Trararmes : see Juggler, IX. 707, 2 c. 
 Trasgos: see Fairies, VII. 64, 1 a. 
 
 Trash , powdered poppy, XII. 648, 1 a. 
 Trasimeno, Lake [tra-ze-ma'-no]: see Perugia. 
 Tras os Montes [tras oce mo ng/ -tess], province 
 of Portugal, XV. 848. 
 
 Trass : see Pozzuolana, and IV. 185, 1 c. 
 Trastamare, Henry of [tras-ta-ma'-ra], XIII. 
 223, 2 c. 
 
 Traubensteig [trow'-ben-stFh], VIII. Ill, 1 c. 
 Traumatic causes , of heart disease, VIII. 560, 2 c. 
 Trausnitz, castle of [trowce'-nits], X. 142, 1 a. 
 Travancore', state of British India, XV. 848. 
 Travellers' club , London, X. 608, 1 a. 
 Traveller's joy, plant, IV. 659, 1 c.. 
 
 Traveller's tree , XIII. 547, 1 c; X. 810, 1 b. 
 Travelling rods , in mining shafts, V-71, 1 be. 
 Trav'erse, county, XV. 849. 
 
 Traverse , in law, XIII. 607, 2 a. 
 
 Traverse jury, IX. 723, 2 a. 
 
 48 
 
 Traversing: see Surveying, XV. 490, 2 a. 
 Travertine [trav'-er-tin], kind of rock, III. 568, 
 1 ab; VIII. 548, 2 c. 
 
 Trav'is, county, XV. 849.- 
 
 Travis, Col. William Barrett, I. 236, 1 c. 
 
 Trawl, fishing line, IV. 794, 1 c. 
 
 Tray, in playing cards, III. 783, 2 be. 
 Treadwell, Daniel, American inventor, XV. 
 849. 
 
 Treason, XV. 849; I. 325, 2 c. 
 
 Treasure hill, Nevada, VIII. 414, 2 a, b. 
 Treasure Trove, XV. 852. Law of, VII. 194, 
 
 1 be. 
 
 Treaties, law of, X. 226, 1 b; 228, 2 c. 
 Trebbia, river of Italy, XV. 852. 
 
 Trebbiano, wine, IX. 468, 2 b. 
 
 Trebia: see Trebbia. Battle of the, ib. ; IV. 
 
 143, 1 a; VIII. 442, 2 c; XIII. 487, 2 ab. 
 Trebigne [treh-bin'-yeh], town of Herzegovina, 
 XV. 852. 
 
 Trebinie : see Trebigne. 
 
 Treb'izond, vilayet of Asiatic Turkey, XV. 
 
 853. Capital city, 1 be (view). History, 2 c. 
 Tre'bucket (cucking stool), V. 556, 2 ab. 
 
 Treece: see Troyes, XVI. 12, 2 a. 
 
 Trecentists, in Italian literature, IX. 464, 1 c. 
 Trecento period [Ital. tra-chen'-to], in architec¬ 
 ture, I. 664, 2 be. 
 
 Tredgold, Thomas, English engineer, XV. 854. 
 Tree Frog, XV. 854. Common N. American, 
 
 2 a (ill.); green, 2 c. Savannah cricket, 855, 
 1 a. Flying tree frog, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Tree goose, VIII. 107, 2 b. 
 
 Tree-hopper, insect, VIII. 502, 2 be; 629, 2 c 
 (ills., 630). 
 
 Tree’nail [commonly, trun'-nel], in ship build¬ 
 ing, XIV. 863, 1 be. 
 
 Trees, age of: see Plants (Index). 
 
 Tree Sorrel, XV. 855 (ill.). 
 
 Tree toad, XV. 854, 2 a. 
 
 Tre'foil : see Clover, IV. 713, 2 c. In druidi- 
 cal mysticism, V. 512, 1 c. 
 
 Tregelles, Samuel Prideaux [tre-glielz'], Eng¬ 
 lish Biblical scholar, XV. 855. 
 
 Trego, county, XV. 856. 
 
 Trehala manna, XV. 441, 2 be. 
 
 Trehalose: see Sugar, XV. 441, 2 be. 
 
 Trelo - Vuno : see Hymettus. 
 
 Tremat’oda (entozoa), VI. 667, 1 a. 
 
 Tremblay, Frangois Leclorc du [dii tra ng -bla]: 
 see Joseph, Father. 
 
 Trem’olite, VIII. 821, 1 b (Hornblende). 
 Tremouille, Catherine de la [tra-mooy’J, prin¬ 
 cess de Cond6, V. 213, 2 b. 
 
754 
 
 TREMPEALEAU 
 
 TRIGG 
 
 Teempealeau [trem-pa-lo'], (from Fr. trempe 
 d Veau , water-soaked), county, XV. 856. 
 
 Teench, Richard Chenevix, British clergyman, 
 XV. 856. On miracles, XI. 625, 2 b. 
 
 Trench cavaliers , siege mounds, XY. 30, 1 b. 
 
 Tbenck, Franz von der, baron, Austrian sol¬ 
 dier, XY. 856. Friedrich von der, baron, 
 German adventurer, 857, 1 a. 
 
 Teendelenbueg, Friedrich Adolf, German phi¬ 
 losopher, XY. 857; XIII. 443, 1 a. 
 
 Teent, river of England, XY. 857. 
 
 Teent, city of Tyrol, XY. 857. 
 
 Teent, Council of, XY. 857. Referred to, X. 
 241,1 ab, b. On the eucharist, 640,1 b. On 
 the immaculate conception, IX. 195, 1 c. 
 
 Trent , steamer , affair of the, XY. 106, 1 ab ; 
 X. 227, 2 c ; XII. 261, 1 be; XYI. 176, 1 b, 
 624, 1 a. 
 
 Trente et quarante [tra ng t a ka-ra ng t]: see Rouge 
 et Noie. 
 
 Trente-un [tra ng -tu ng ]: see Rouge et Noie. 
 
 Teenton, capital of New Jersey, XY. 859. 
 State capitol, 2 a (ill.). Battle of, 860, 1 ab. 
 
 Trenton , county seats, Y. 630, 1 be; YII. 801, 
 2 b; VIII. 273, 2 c; IX. 676, 2 c. 
 
 Teenton Falls, village of New York, XY. 
 860. Falls, ib. 
 
 Teentschin [tren-cheen'], county of Hungary, 
 XY. 860. 
 
 Teepan' and Teephine', surgical instruments, 
 XY. 860. Trephining, 2 a. Key’s saw, 2 be. 
 
 Treron (ornithology), XIII. 506, 1 a. 
 
 Teespass, in law, XY. 860 ; X. 167, 2 b. Tres¬ 
 pass vi et armis , XY. 861, 1 a. Trespass on 
 the case, 1 b. “ Trespass act,” in New York, 
 VIII. 417, 1 a. 
 
 Treuga Dei : see Tbuce of God. 
 
 Trevelyan's experiment , in heat, VIII. 572, 2 a. 
 His apparatus, 2 ab. 
 
 Teeves (Fr. Treves , traiv), town of Prussia, 
 XY. 861. Porta nigra, 2 c (ill.). “ Holy 
 coat” of, 2 a. History, 2 c. 
 
 Teevieanus, Gottfried Reinhold [tra-ve-ra'- 
 noos], German naturalist, XY. 862. Lu- 
 dolf Christian, botanist, 1 b. 
 
 Trevi'ri , Celtic tribe, XY. 861, 2 c. 
 
 Teeviso [tra-ve'-zo], province of Italy, XY. 
 862. Capital, 1 c. Duke of : see Moetiee. 
 
 Triad , in music, XII. 80, 1 b. Triads of the 
 Welsh bards, YI. 270, 1 c. 
 
 Teiaditza [tre-a-dit'-sa]: see Sophia. 
 
 Triajuncta in uno , motto, II. 389, 1 a. 
 
 Teial : see Juby, Common Law, Y. 152, 1 a, 
 and Peocess. By combat, I. 596, 2 b, ff. 
 
 Triangle: see Teigonometey, XY. 865, 1 be, 
 866, 2 a. Incremental idea of originated, 
 II. 340, 2 ab. 
 
 Triangulation, in surveying, IY. 758, 2 ab. 
 See Sueveying, XY. 489, 2 c, ft'. 
 
 Trias (geology), YII. 697, 1 c. 
 
 Trias of German states, project of, II. 599, 2 b. 
 
 Triascope, IX. 735, 2 b (Kaleidoscope). 
 
 Triassic series, in geology, YII. 697, 1 be. 
 
 Tribigild [trib'-e-ghild], Gothic chief, I. 641,1 b. 
 
 Tribonian: see Teibonianus (Index). 
 
 Teibonianus, Roman jurist, XY. 862. See 
 Civil Law, IV. 623, 1 c, 2 a; 624, 1 ab, be. 
 
 Tribo'nyx (ornithology), YII. 579, 2 b. 
 
 Triboulet [tre-boo-la], jester of Francis I., YII. 
 308, 1 a. 
 
 Teib'une, Roman officer, XY. 862. 
 
 Tribu'nus cel'erum, T. mil'itum: see Teibune. 
 
 Tribute to Algiers, refused by the United States, 
 I. 306, lb; the example followed by Eng¬ 
 land, ib. 
 
 Trichechus rosma’rus [tri-ke'-kus], (zoology), 
 XYI. 442, 1 b. 
 
 Teichina Spiea'lis [tre-ki'-na]: see Entozoa, 
 YI. 669,1 c (ill.). Production of, XY.283,2 a. 
 
 Teichinop'oly, town of India, XV. 863. 
 
 Trichiurus leptu'rus , or argen'teus [trik-e-ft'- 
 rus], (ichthyology), XIY. 660, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Trichloracet'ic acid, IY. 500, 2 ab. 
 
 Trichoglossus (ornithology), XIII. 124, 1 ab. 
 T. multicolor, 1 be. 
 
 Tricoceph'dlus dis'par (entozoa), YI. 669, 2 c 
 (ill., 670) ; III. 539, 2 a. 
 
 Tei'coloe: see Flag, YII. 250,1 a. Adoption 
 of in France, X. 97, 2 c. 
 
 Tricoph'yton ton'surans, vegetable parasite, 
 XIII. 612, 2 ab; VI. 689, 2 a (ill.). T. spo- 
 ruloides, ib. 
 
 Teicoupis, Spiridion [tre-koo'-pis], Greek his¬ 
 torian, XY. 863. 
 
 Tricuspid valve, of the heart, VIII. 558,1 b (ill.). 
 
 Tridacna gigas (conchology), IY. 629,1 b (ill.). 
 
 Tridentum: see Teent, city. 
 
 Trid'ymite, mineral, XV. 39, 1 b. 
 
 Triechard [tre'-kard], leader of the Boers, II. 
 776, 1 a. 
 
 Teiee [treer]: see Teeves. 
 
 Teieste [tre-est 7 ], district of Austria, XY. 863. 
 Capital city, 2 c (view, 864). Trieste or Aus¬ 
 trian Lloyd’s, X. 555, 2 b. 
 
 Trifolium (botany), IY. 713, 2 be. T. pra- 
 tense, 2 c (ill., 714); incarnatum, 714, 2 c; 
 repens, 715, 1 ab (ill.). 
 
 Teigg, county, XY. 865. 
 
TRIGLA 
 
 TRIVULZI 
 
 755 
 
 Trig'la (ichthyology), VIII. 334, 2 be. T. 
 gurnardus, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Tri'glyph , in the Doric order, I. 656, 2 c. 
 Trigonom'etry, XV. 865. Trigonometrical 
 functions, 1 c, If. (ill.) ; 866, 1 ab. Practical 
 use of, 1 be (ill.). As a branch of pure alge¬ 
 bra, 2 b. Improved by the Arabs, I. 625,1 c. 
 Trihedral angle , I. 456, lb (ill.). 
 
 Trillium, genus of plants, XV. 866. Common 
 names, 867, 1 ab. T. grandiflorum (great- 
 flowered), ib. (ill.); erectum (purple), ery- 
 throcarpum (red-fruited), sessile, and dis¬ 
 color, 1 c. Nodding trillium, ib. 
 
 Tri'lobite (palaeontology), XV. 867. Families, 
 868, 1 a. Genera and species, 1 c, 2 b (ill.). 
 See Crustacea, V. 533, 1 ab, c ; IX. 838, 2 b. 
 Tril'ogy, dramatic , VIII. 213, 2 b; I. 151, 2 c; 
 
 VI. 245, 2 a. 
 
 Trimble, county, XV. 868. 
 
 Trimmers , political , referred to, XIV. 647,1 c. 
 Trimontium: see Piiilippopoli, XIII. 418, 2 c. 
 Trimountain: see Boston, III. 116, 1 b. 
 Trimurti [tre-moor'-te], Hindoo trinity, IX. 
 
 228, 2 be; 229, 2 a. 
 
 Trinacria : see Sicily. 
 
 Trincomalee', town of Ceylon, XV. 868. 
 Tringa (ornithology), XIV. 599,1 c. T. mari- 
 tima (arquatella), 2 a ; alpina, 2 be; Wilsonii, 
 2 c (ill.) ; minuta, ib. ; canutus, X. 30, 2 c. 
 Tringi'nce (ornithology), XIV. 599, 1 c. 
 Tringoi'des macula'rius (ornithology), XV. 583, 
 2 c. 
 
 Tein'idad [Sp. tre-ne-£7di£A/], West India isl¬ 
 and, XV. 869. 
 
 Trinidad , county seat, X. 178, 2 c. 
 Trinitarians , religious order, VII. 115, 2 b; 
 XI. 730, 1 b. See Brethren of the Holy 
 Trinity. 
 
 Trinitrine [tri-nl'-trin], VII. 36, 2 a. 
 Trinitrophen'ic acid , XIII. 499, 2 be. 
 
 Trinity, in theology, XV. 869. Order of the, 
 
 VII. 115, 2 b. 
 
 Trinity, two counties, XV. 870. 
 
 Trinity, river of Texas, XV. 870. Of Califor¬ 
 nia, 2 b. 
 
 Trinity board, care of lighthouses by, X. 462, 
 2 b (twice). See Trinity house (Index). 
 Trinity College, Hartford, XV. 870 (ill., 571). 
 Trinity house , board of merchants, London 
 (incorporated in 1515), X. 221, 1 be. 
 Trioleine [tri-o'-le-in], XII. 614, 2 b. 
 
 Trio'nyx (zoology), XV. 810, 2 a. 
 
 Tbipang [tre-pang']: see Sea Cucumber, XIV. 
 728, 2 c, and XII. 783, 1 a. 
 
 Tripe de roche [treep duhrush], lichen, X. 411, 
 1 a. 
 
 Triple alliance , of England, Holland, and Swe¬ 
 den, XV. 636, 1 c; I. 224, 1 b; X. 657, 2 b. 
 Of France, Great Britain, and Holland, XII. 
 700, 1 ab. 
 
 Triple phosphate, of magnesia and ammonia, 
 
 VIII. 174, 2 b. 
 
 Tripoli [trip'-o-le], polishing material, XV. 
 871; VI. 84, 1 c. 
 
 Tripoli, country of Africa, XV. 871. Capital, 
 873, 2 a (view). Attack on, XIII. 806, 2 be. 
 Treaty w T ith, X. 268, 2 b. 
 
 Tripoli, town of Syria, XV. 873. 
 
 Tripolis: see Tripolitza. 
 
 Tripolitana: see Tripoli, XV. 872, 2 c. 
 
 Tripolite , mineral, XII. 642, 1 c. 
 
 Tripolitza, town of Greece, XV. 874. 
 
 Tripos, mathematical,III. 645,1 ab; classical,^. 
 
 Tripp, county, XV. 874. 
 
 Tripping the anchor, I. 465, 1 c-2 a. 
 
 Teiptol'emus, in Greek mythology, XV. 874. 
 
 Triptych [trip'-tik], in art, VI. 130, 2 c. 
 
 Triqueti, Henri de, baron [tre-kuh-te], French 
 sculptor, XV. 874. 
 
 Trireme, ancient galley, VII. 575, 2 ab. 
 
 Trismegistus : see Hermes Trismegistus. 
 
 Tristan da Cunha [tris-tan' da koo'-nya], vol¬ 
 canic islands, XV. 874. See I. 258, 2 ab. 
 
 Trita [tre'-ta], Hindoo divinity, IX. 224, 2 b. 
 
 Triticum (botany), XVI. 585, 2 c. T. vulgare, 
 587, 2 b; turgidum, ib., XV. 413, 1 c; mo- 
 nococcum, XVI. 587, 2 c (ill.); spelta, ib. 
 (ill.); repens, V. 420, 2 b (ill.), VIII. 166, 2 c. 
 
 Triton, in mythology, XV. 874. 
 
 Triton, genus of batrachians, XV. 875. T. 
 palustris (water newt), 1 b (ill.); dorsalis, 2 a. 
 Genus of mollusks, 2 be. T. variegatum (sea 
 conch), 2 be (ill.) ; australe, 2 c. 
 
 Trito'nis, ancient river, II. 526, 2 c. 
 
 Triumph, celebration of victory, XV. 875. 
 
 Triumphal arches , I. 642, 1 a-c. 
 
 Triumvirate, XV. 876. First triumvirate of 
 Home (so called), XIII. 697, 2 b. Triumvi¬ 
 rate of Octavius, Antony, and Lepidus, I. 
 576, 1 c-2 a; II. 114, 2 b; X. 360, 2 c. Tri¬ 
 umvirate of Swiss divines, XII. 724, 1 b. 
 
 “ Triumvirs of the republic of letters of the 1 6th 
 century, ” XVI. 394, 1 a. 
 
 Trivium and quadrivium, of the middle ages, 
 IV. 66, 1 c; V. 670, 1 ab. Of the early 
 Irish monasteries, VI. 412, 1 c. 
 
 Trivulzi hospital [tre-vool'-tse], of Milan, XI. 
 532, 2 a. Trivulzi library, 2 a 
 
756 
 
 TROAD 
 
 TRUE 
 
 Tro'ad, the (Troas ), XYI. 9, 2 be. 
 
 Trochil'ium denta'tum (entomology), VIII. 533, 
 
 2 ab. T. exitiosa, 2 b. 
 
 Teochu, Louis Jules [truh-shu], French soldier, 
 XY. 876. 
 
 Tece'zen, in ancient Greece, XY. 876. 
 
 Trceze'ne, Trcezenia: see Tp.cezen. 
 Teog'lodytes, cave dwellers, XY. 876. 
 Troglody'tes (ornithology), XYI. 735, la. T. 
 
 parvulus, 1 ab (ills.); sedon, 2 ab (ill.). 
 Troglodytes niger (zoology), IY. 439, 1 c (ill.). 
 Teogon, genus of birds, XY. 877. T. curucui 
 (red-bellied trogon), 2 ab (ill.); pavoninus, ib. 
 TroisRivieres [tr wa re-vyair] : see Theee Rivees. 
 Troja : see Teoy, ancient. 
 
 Trold y troll: see Faieies, YII. 64, 2 a. 
 
 Trolly Gustavus [trul'-la], archbishop of Upsal, 
 IY. 525, 1 a-b. (Killed in battle 1535.) 
 Trolling, I. 498, 1 c (Angling). 
 
 Teollope, Edward [trol'-lup], English author, 
 XY. 877. 
 
 Teollope, Frances (Milton), English novelist, 
 XY. 877. Thomas Adolphus, author, 878, 
 1 ab. Anthony, novelist, 2 a. 
 
 Trollope, Capt. Sir Eenry , the last English 
 banneret, II. 287, 2 b. 
 
 Trombidium sericeum (entomology), XIY. 374, 
 
 1 b. 
 
 Teom'bone, musical instrument, XYI. 5. See 
 Sackbut. 
 
 Trommel , for sizing ore, XI. 423, 1 c. 
 Trommels test, of dextrine, YI. 65, 2 c; of 
 urine, 66, 2 b. 
 
 Teomp, Maarten Ilarpertzoon van, Dutch ad¬ 
 miral, XYI. 5. Cornelis van, admiral, 1 c. 
 Trompe [Fr. tro ng p], water bellows, II. 746, 
 
 2 be. See Adhesion, I. 116, 2 c. 
 
 Trompettis (ichthyology), YII. 23 9 > 2 b. 
 Teomso, diocese of Norway, XYI. 5. Capital, 2 c. 
 Tron church, Edinburgh, allusion to, YI. 406,2 c. 
 Teondhjem [trond'-yem] : see Deontheim. 
 Teoopial, bird, XYI. 6. Common, 1 b (ill.) ; 
 
 orchard, 2 a; cassican, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Teoost, Gerard, American chemist and geolo¬ 
 gist, XYI. 6. 
 
 Teop^'oltjm (botany) : see Nastuetium, XII. 
 154, 2 ab. T. majus, 2 c; minus, 155, 1 b 
 (ill.); peregrinum, ib. (ill.) ; tuberosum, &c., 
 2 a, ff. 
 
 Trophonius, oracle of, XII. 661, 1 b. Cave of, 
 ib. ; referred to, I. 587, 1 c. 
 
 Tropical animals, fossil remains of in arctic 
 climates, I. 242, 1 a. 
 
 Teopio Bied, XYI. 6 (ill., 7). 
 
 Teopics, in astronomy, XYI. 7; in geography, 
 
 2 a. 
 
 Tropidophori'ncc (zoology), XY. 80, 1 be. 
 
 Tropidorhynchus corniculatus (ornithology), 
 XIII. 635, 1 c. 
 
 Teoplong, Raymond Theodore [tro-lo ng ], 
 French jurist, XYI. 7. 
 
 Teoppatj [trup'-pow], city of Austria, XYI. 7. 
 
 Trotman anchor, I. 466, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Trotting, in horse races, XYI. 51, 2 be. 
 
 Teottbadoues : see Peovenqal Language and 
 Liteeatuee, XIY. 40, 1 b; XII. 88, 1 c; 
 YII. 403, 1 c. Origin of the name, 402,1 a. 
 
 Trouble, in coal mines, Y. 67, 1 a (ill., 69). 
 
 Trouee de Belfort [troo-a duh bel-for], moun¬ 
 tain pass, II. 486, 2 c. 
 
 Teoup, county, XYI. 7. 
 
 Teoup, George McIntosh, American statesman, 
 XYI. 7. 
 
 Troupville, county seat, X. 695, 1 c. 
 
 Tbousdale, county, XVI. 8. 
 
 Teousseau, Armand [troo-so], French physi¬ 
 cian, XYI. 8. 
 
 Teout, XYI. 8. Salmon trout, 1 c. Speckled 
 trout, 2 a (ill.). Char, 2 c. European brook 
 trout, ib. Gray trout, 9, 1 a. Siskiwit, 1 b c 
 Artificial breeding of, ib. ; YII. 218, 1 bc. 
 
 Trouvire [troo-vair], origin of the name, YII. 
 402, 1 a. Poems of the trouv&res, 403, 2 a. 
 
 Teouville [troo-veel], French watering place, 
 XYI. 9. 
 
 Teovee, in law, XYI. 9. Referred to, YII. 175, 
 2 c. 
 
 Teowbeidge, John Townsend, American au¬ 
 thor, XYI. 9. 
 
 Teoy, ancient city of Asia Minor, XYI. 9. His¬ 
 tory, 10, 1 a. Siege of, 1 b. Site of, 2 a. 
 
 Teoy, city of New York, XYI. 11. 
 
 Troy, county seats, YI. 210, 2 c; X. 488, 1 b; 
 XI. 489, 1 bc ; XII. 564, 2 c; XIII. 511, 2 a. 
 
 Teoyes [trwa], city of France, XVI. 12. Coun¬ 
 cil of, VIII. 800, 2 b. Treaty of, IY. 113, 2 bc. 
 
 Teoyon, Constant [trwa-yo ng ], French painter, 
 XYI. 12. 
 
 Teoy Weight, XVI. 12. 
 
 Truce, power of making, X. 228, 1 a. 
 
 Teuoe of God, XYI. 13. Of 1041, YI. 295, 
 2 c; of 1095, X. 344, 1 b. Confraternity 
 of, VIII. 308, 1 b. 
 
 Truckee river, Nevada, XII. 264, 1 a. 
 
 Truck system, of axles, II. 166, 1 b. See Steam 
 Caeeiage, XV. 338, 2 a. 
 
 Trudaine's lens, III. 471, 2 b. 
 
 True bill, finding of a grand jury, IX. 723, 2 b. 
 
TRUFFLES 
 
 TUCKER 
 
 757 
 
 Truffles [tru'-f’lz], fungi, XYI. 13 (ill.); VII. 
 530, 2 b, 532, 1 be. 
 
 Truinet, Charles Louis fitienne [trii-e-nu]: see 
 
 Nuitter. 
 
 Trujillo [troo- k he'-lyo], town of Spain, XVI. 14. 
 Trujillo, town of Peru, XVI. 14. 
 
 Trumbull [trum'-b’l], county, XVI. 14. 
 Trumbull, Benjamin, American clergyman, 
 XVI. 14. 
 
 Trumbull, James Hammond, philologist, XVI. 
 14. 
 
 Trumbull, John, poet, XVI. 14. 
 
 Trumbull, Jonathan, revolutionist, XVI. 14. 
 Jonathan, statesman, 15,1 ab. John, painter, 
 1 be. Trumbull gallery, 2 b. 
 
 Trumpet, musical instrument, XVI. 15. 
 Trumpet , of pitcher plant, XIII. 547, 2 c. 
 Trumpet creeper , plant, XVI. 16, 1 b. 
 Trumpeter, in ornithology: see Agami. 
 Trumpet Fish: see Bellows Fish, and Pipe 
 Fish, XIII. 537, 1 a. 
 
 Trumpet Flower, XVI. 15 (ill., 16). Great- 
 flowered, 16, 1 c. Others, ib. 
 
 Trumpet-leaf, ’ plant, XIII. 548, 2 a. Red- 
 flowered, 1 c. 
 
 Trumpets , plant, XIII. 548, 2 a. 
 
 Trunk Fish, XVI. 16 (ill.). 
 
 Trunnion , of cannon, III. 709, 1 ab. 
 
 Truro, town of Nova Scotia, XVI. 16. 
 
 Truro , county seat, V. 43, 2 b. 
 
 Truss, in surgery, XVI. 16. 
 
 Truss , of a bridge, Town’s lattice, III. 273,1 b. 
 
 Long’s, 2 a. Howe’s, 2 ab. 
 
 Truss , of a roof, XIV. 421,1 ab. “ King-post,” 
 ib. (ill.). “ Queen-post,” 1 be (ill.). 
 
 Trust, a: see Trusts (Index). 
 
 Trusta, H., pseudonyme, XIII. 386, 2 c. 
 Trustee, XVI. 17, 2 c; 19, 1 c. 
 
 Trustee Process, XVI. 17; II. 91, 1 b. 
 
 “ Trustee system ,” of holding church property 
 (Catholic), IX. 33, 2 a. 
 
 Trusts, in law, XVI. 17; VI. 700, 2 b. 
 
 Truva, pasturing grounds in the steppes, VII. 
 103, 1 c. 
 
 Truxillo [troo- k he'-lyo]: see Trujillo (two). 
 Truxtun, Thomas, American naval officer, 
 
 XVI. 19. 
 
 Trybactra , in ancient geography, IT. 800, 2 b. 
 Tryphon, ancient cameo engraver, III. 652,1 ab. 
 Tryst, fair, VII. 72, 1 c. 
 
 Tsad: see Tchad. 
 
 Tsana [tsa'-na], lake, I. 167, 2 ab. See Tzana. 
 Tsar Kolokol, bell at Moscow, II. 496,1 ab (ill., 
 ib., and 497). 
 
 Tsarskoe Selo : see Tzarskoye Selo. 
 
 Tschirnhausen, Ehrenfried Walter von, count 
 [cheern'-how-zen], German mathematician, 
 XVI. 19; III. 143, 1 c.' His lenses, 471, 
 
 2 ab. Ilis copper mirror, 2 b. 
 
 Tschudi, JEgidius (Gilles), [choo'-de], Swiss 
 historian, XV. 20. Johann Jakob von, nat¬ 
 uralist, 1 b. Friedrich von, naturalist, 1 be. 
 
 Tset'se, fly, XVI. 20 (ill.). Effect of its poison, 
 
 2 ab. 
 
 Tsiampa [tse-am'-pa], province of Anam, I. 
 456, 2 a. 
 
 Tsuga (botany), VII. 207, 2 be; VIII. 630, 2 ab. 
 
 Tsuruga [tsoo-roo'-ga], city of Japan, XVI. 21. 
 
 Tu'am, town of Ireland, XVI. 21. 
 
 Tuaregs: see Tuariks. 
 
 Tuariks [too-a-reeks'], people of the Sahara, 
 XVI. 21 ; VII. 172, 1 c. See Berbers, and 
 Libyans. 
 
 Tubal: see Japheth, IX. 566, 2 c. 
 
 Tuber: see Plant, XIII. 577, 2 b; Potato, 
 764, 2 ab, ff. (ills.). 
 
 Tuber (botany), XVI. 13, 1 c. T. sestivum, 
 2 c; melanosporum, ib. (ill.); magnatum, ib .; 
 cibarium, VII. 530, 2 b. 
 
 Tuber annulare, of the brain, III. 190,2 a, ab, b. 
 
 Tubercle, of the lungs: see Consumption. 
 Miliary, V. 282, 2 c ; gray, ib. ; yellow, 283, 
 1 a; crude, ib. Obsolete tubercles, 285,1 c. 
 
 Tuber'cula quadrigem'ina, of the brain, III. 
 190, 1 a, 2 b (quadrigeminal bodies), 191, 
 1 b (ill.); XII. 235, 1 b, 236, 1 a. 
 
 Tuberculous (or tubercular ) disease of the lungs: 
 see Consumption. Tuberculous infiltration, 
 283, 1 a; diathesis, 284, 2 c; cachexy, ib. 
 
 Tuberculous Meningi'tis : see Brain, Diseases 
 of the, III. 201, 1 c. 
 
 Tu'berose, plant, XVI. 21 (ill.). 
 
 Tubic'olce (annelida), I. 533, 2 be. 
 
 Tubifo'ra mu'sica, coral, XI. 293, 1 ab. 
 
 Tubingen [tfi'-bing-en], town of Wiirtemberg, 
 XVI. 22. University of, ib. Tubingen 
 school of theology, ib. ; II. 398, 2 a. 
 
 Tub petticoat, a lady’s dress, VII. 92, 2 c. 
 
 Tubular action, in organs, XII. 690, 2 c. 
 
 Tubular bridges, material of, II. 414, 1 a. See 
 Bridge, III. 275, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Tubularia, jelly fish, IX. 601, 2 b. 
 
 Tubulibranchiata (mollusca), XI. 723, 1 b. 
 
 Tuckahoe', underground vegetable growth, 
 XVI. 22. 
 
 Tuckahoe river (about 35 m. long), IV. 517,1 a. 
 
 Tucker, county, XVI. 22. 
 
 Tucker, Abraham, English metaphysician, 
 
758 
 
 TUCKER 
 
 TUNICA 
 
 XVI. 22. See Moeal Philosophy, XI. 814, 
 1 ab; Philosophy, XIII. 445, 2 ab. 
 
 Tucker, Josiab, British clergyman, XYI. 23. 
 Tucker, St. George, American jurist, XYI. 23. 
 Henry St. George, jurist, 2 a. Nathaniel 
 Beverley, lawyer, ib. 
 
 Tuckerman, Henry Theodore, American au¬ 
 thor, XYI. 23; 200, 1 b. 
 
 Tuckerman, Joseph, American clergyman, 
 XYI. 23. 
 
 Tucson [took-sone'; locally, often too'-sun], 
 capital of Arizona, XYI. 24. 
 
 Tucuman [too-koo-man'J, province of the Ar¬ 
 gentine Republic, XYI. 24. Capital city, 2 a. 
 Tuda , Tudaxera: see Toda (Index). 
 
 Tudela [too-Z/m'-la], city of Spain, XYI. 24. 
 Tudor, line of English sovereigns, XYI. 24. 
 
 Owen ap Tudor, 2 c; IY. 113, 2 c, 114, 2 c. 
 Tudor, William, American author, XYI. 25. 
 Tudor collegiate building , II. 448, 1 b. 
 Tuesday, day of the week, XYI. 25. 
 
 Tufa : see Calcareous Springs, III. 568,1 ab. 
 Tufts College, Medford, Mass., XYI. 25. 
 Tugendbund [too'-ghend-boont], (league of vir¬ 
 tue), German patriotic (not democratic) so¬ 
 ciety, referred to, X. 58, 1 be. 
 
 Tugeni , Swiss tribe, XY. 529. 
 
 Tugium: see Zug, XYI. 837, 1 c. 
 
 Tui [twe]: see Poe Bird, XIII. 635, 1 b, and 
 
 XII. 410, 2 b. 
 
 Tui , in northern mythology, XII. 120, 1 c. 
 Tuileeies [tii-eel-re], royal palace in Paris, 
 XYI. 25. Tuileries and Louvre before 1871, 
 
 XIII. 79, 2 c (ill., 80). 
 
 Tuisco [too-is'-ko], deity of the ancient Ger¬ 
 mans, XYI. 25; YII. 737, 1 be. 
 
 Tuisto: see Tuisco. 
 
 Tube, William , labors of, for the insane, IX. 
 298, 1 c. 
 
 Tula [too'-la], government of Russia, XYI. 26. 
 Capital, 1 a. 
 
 Tulare [too-la'-ra], county, XYI. 26. Lake, 1 b. 
 Tule land [too-la'], in Nevada, XII. 267, 1 ab. 
 Tules, marshes in California, YII. 489, 1 c. 
 Tulhuatecas [tool-wa-ta'-kas]: see Toltecs. 
 Tulip, plant, XYI. 26. Garden, florists’, late, 
 or show tulips, 1 c (ill., 27). Tulip mania, 2 a. 
 Early tulip (Due Yan Thol), 2 be (ill.). Par¬ 
 rot tulip, 2 c (ill., 27). Tulip culture, 27, 1 c. 
 Tulvpa (botany), XYI. 26, 1 be. T. suaveo- 
 lens, 2 b (ill.); Turcica, 2 c (ill., 27); cor- 
 nuta, ib. ; oculis solis, ib. 
 
 Tulip Tree, XYI. 27 (ill.). 
 
 Tull, Jethro, English agriculturist, XYI. 28. 
 
 Tulle [till], town of France, XYI. 28. 
 
 Tullia, daughter of Servius Tullius, XIV. 785, 
 2 a. 
 
 Tullius, Servius : see Servius Tullius. 
 TuLuocn, John [tul'-luk], Scottish clergyman, 
 XYI. 28. 
 
 Tullum: see Toul. 
 
 Tullus Hostilius, king of Rome, XVI. 28; I. 
 243, 2 a. 
 
 Tully, William, American physician, XYI. 28. 
 Tulpin: see Turpin. 
 
 Tultcha [tool'-cha], town of Bulgaria, XYI. 29. 
 Tultsha: see Tultcha. 
 
 Tulu [too-loo'J, a language of India, IX. 215, 
 2 b; 220, 1 a. 
 
 Tulun, mosque of [too-loon'], III. 553, 1 b (ill.). 
 Tulunides [too-loo'-nids], Turkish dynasty in 
 Egypt, XYI. 69, 1 b. See Egypt, YI. 466, 
 
 1 be (Ahmed, son of Tulun). 
 
 Tuluxa: see Tulu (Index). 
 
 Turn, or Atmu [toom, at-moo'], Egyptian di¬ 
 vinity, XII. 116, 2 b; YI. 464, 1 ab. 
 
 Tumbler , kind of pigeon, XIII. 505, 1 b. 
 Tumbler locks , X. 562, 2 c, ff. 
 
 Tumblers , pupae of the gnat, VIII. 51, 1 a. 
 
 Larvae of, in stagnant water, YI. 129, 1 b. 
 Tumblers , derisive name of a religious sect, 
 YI. 316, 1 c. 
 
 Turnbur [toom-boor']: see Drum, YI. 271, 2 be. 
 Tumor, morbid swelling, XYI. 29. Tumors 
 in the cranium, III. 203, 1 be. Adipose 
 tumors, I. 120, 2 a. 
 
 Tun: see Ton. 
 
 Tunbridge, town of England, XYI. 29. 
 Tunbridge Wells, town of England, XYI. 29. 
 Tundra [toon'-dra], Siberian waste land, XY. 
 
 15,1 c, 16, 2 ab; XIY. 478, 2 a; XYI. 762, 2 c. 
 Tu’nes: see Tunis, XYI. 31, 2 b. 
 
 Tunganis [toon-ga'-nees], Mohammedans of 
 Kashgar, IX. 771, 1 a. Revolt in 1863, ib. 
 Tungri , ancient people, III. 176, 1 b. 
 
 Tungstate of lead , pigment, XYI. 30, lb. Of 
 soda, dye, ib. 
 
 Tungsten, metal, XYI. 29. Tungstic acid, 
 30, 1 a; anhydride, ib. 
 
 Tungting' , lake of China, IY. 443, 2 a. 
 Tunguragua[ toon-goo-ra'-gwa], river, 1.379,1 a. 
 Tunguses [toon-goo'-ses], Siberian tribe, XYI. 
 30. 
 
 Tungusians , XYI. 42, 1 c; XV. 575, 2 c. 
 Tunica, county, XYI. 30. 
 
 Tunicates : see Molluscoids, XL 724, 1 c, 
 
 2 b (tunicata). 
 
 Tunica vaginalis (anatomy), XIII. 302, 2 b. 
 
TUNIS 
 
 TURKS 
 
 759 
 
 Tunis, Barbary state, XVI. 30. Ilistory, 31, 
 
 1 c. Capital city, 2 b (ill., Bey’s palace). 
 Tunkers: see Dunkers, and II. 292,1 c, 293, 2 b. 
 Tunkhannock , county seat, XVI. 753, 1 a. 
 Tunnel, XVI. 32. Ancient tunnelling, 1 b. 
 
 Kinds of, 2 b. Cross sections, ib. (ills.). 
 Tunnelling through soft ground, 2 c; Eng¬ 
 lish plan, 33, 1 be (ills.). Tunnelling through 
 rock, 2 c (ills., 34). Mont Cenis tunnel, 34, 
 
 2 ab; St. Gothard, 2 c. American tunnels, 
 35, 1 be. Hoosac tunnel, 1 c, ff.; Nesque- 
 honing, 37, 1 c; Musconetcong, 2 a; oth¬ 
 ers, 38, 1 a. Tunnelling machines, 36, 1 c. 
 Machine drilling, 38, 1 be. Tunnelling in 
 cities, 2 a. Subaqueous tunnels, 2 b; Chi¬ 
 cago tunnel, ib. Proposed tunnel under Eng¬ 
 lish channel, 39, 1 b. Tunnelling a moun¬ 
 tain: see Blasting, II. 700, 1 be (ills.). 
 
 Tunneland , Swedish acre, I. 72, 2 c. 
 
 Tunny, marine fish, XVI. 39. Common Eu¬ 
 ropean, 2 c; American, 40, 1 ab (ill.). See 
 Bonito. 
 
 Tunstall, Cuthbert, English prelate, XVI. 40. 
 Tuolumne [twol'-um-ne], county, XVI. 40. 
 Tuomey, Michael [too'-me], American geolo¬ 
 gist, XVI. 40. 
 
 Tupa Feuillei (botany), X. 559, 2 b. 
 
 Tu'pelo, tree, XVI. 40. See Black Gum. 
 Tupi-Guaranis [too-pe'-gwa-ra-nees'], family of 
 S. American Indians, XVI. 41; III. 217,1 b. 
 Tupinambd Indians [too-pe-nam-ba/], XI. 142, 
 2 b (Makaj6). Exodus of, XVI. 41, 1 c. 
 Tuplai [too-pla'-e], people of Asia, IX. 566, 2 c. 
 Tupper, Martin Farquhar, English author, 
 XVI. 41. 
 
 Tur, Eugenia [toor],nom de plume, IX. 766, 2 c. 
 Tura'cus (ornithology), XIII. 595, 2 b. T. pur- 
 pureus, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Turania, part of Turkistan, XVI. 68, 1 b. 
 Turanian Race and Languages, XVI. 42. 
 Turban geyser , Wyoming, VII. 787, 2 c. 
 Turbellaria, order of worms, XIII. 568, 1 c. 
 Tur'bine, water wheel, XVI. 43. Principles 
 and action of, 1 c, ff. Forms of, 2 c, ff. (ills.). 
 Turbot, marine fish, XVI. 45. European, 1 c 
 (ill.) ; brill (pearl or smooth), 2 be; Ameri¬ 
 can or spotted, 2 c. 
 
 Turdetani, ancient people, XV. 210, 1 b. 
 Turdus (ornithology), XV. 728, la. T. mus- 
 telinus, ib. (ill.); viscivorus, 1 c; musicus, 
 2 b (ill.); rnfus, 729, 1 a; aquaticus, 1 b; 
 torquatus, XII. 745,1 b ; merula, ib ., II. 675, 
 1 b (ill.); migratorius, XIV. 360, 1 b (ill.); 
 pilaris, VII. 178, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Turenne, Ilenri de la Tour d’Auvergne, vis¬ 
 count de [tii-rSn], French soldier, XVI. 46. 
 Another: see Bouillon, III. 152, 1 b. 
 
 Turf, The, XVI. 46. Famous English blood 
 horses, 47, 1 ab; races, 49, 2 b. Famous 
 American race horses, ib ., 50, 1 be; race 
 courses, 2 ab. Steeple-chasing, 2 c. Trot¬ 
 ting, 51, 2 be; famous trotting horses, 52,1 c. 
 Turgeneff, Alexei [toor-ghen'-ef], Russian his¬ 
 torian, XVI. 52. Nikolai, author, 2 c. 
 Turgeneff, Ivan, Russian novelist, XVI. 53. 
 Turgite , iron ore, IX. 406, 1 be; 408, 1 a. 
 Turgot, Anne Robert Jacques, baron de 
 l’Aulne [tiir-go], French statesman, XVI. 53. 
 Turicum: see Zurich, XVI. 838, 1 c. 
 
 Turin', province of Italy, XVI. 53. Capital 
 city, 2 ab. Porta Palatina, 2 c (ill.). His¬ 
 tory, 54, 1 b. 
 
 Turin , peace of (1381), VII. 676, 2 ab. 
 
 Turk, synonymous with Tartar in central Asia, 
 XV. 576, 1 a (twice). 
 
 Turk, little, insect, XIII. 621, 1 ab (Plum). 
 Turkey, bird, XVI. 54. Common wild, 2 a 
 (ill.). Two other species, 55, 1 b. Domes¬ 
 ticated, 1 be. Turkey pouts, 1 c. Fossil, 2 a. 
 Turkey, or The Ottoman Empire, XVI. 55. 
 (Map of Turkey in Europe, and of Turkey in 
 Asia.) Turkey proper, 2 a. Hydrography, 
 2 c. Topography, 56, 1 b. Climate, 2 a. 
 Minerals, 2 b. Flora, 2 be. Fauna, 57, 1 a. 
 Races, 1 c. Religion, ib. Education, 58,1 a. 
 Frank communities, 1 be. Native Christians, 
 or rayahs, 1 c. Jews, 2 c. Government, 59, 
 1 a. Landed property, 2 be. Finances, 60, 
 1 ab. Army and navy, 1 be. Commerce, 2 a. 
 Intercommunication, 2 b. History, 2 c. 
 Turkey alder , I. 268, 1 c. 
 
 Turkey Buzzard, American vulture, XVI. 62 
 (ill., 63). 
 
 Turkey opium, adulteration of, I. 134, 1 c. 
 Turkey red, VI. 343, 1 c. 
 
 Turkish dynasty, in Egypt, XI. 73, 2 b. 
 
 ! Turkish Language and Literature, X\ I. 63. 
 
 Language, 2 b, ff. Literature, 64, 2 c, ft. 
 
 ) Turkistan [toor-kis-tan'], region of central 
 Asia, XVI. 66. West Turkistan, 2 b; Rus¬ 
 sian, 67, 1 a; East, 2 b. History, 68, 1 b. 
 Turkle: see Turtle, XVI. 79, 1 b. 
 Turkmantchai, peace q/^toork-man-chl'], XIV. 
 , 493, lb. 
 
 ; Turkomans: see Turkistan, and Turks; X\ . 
 , 576, 1 a; II. 799, 1 b. 
 
 ; Turks, race, XVI. 68. League against (1518), 
 
 X. 348, 1 c. 
 
760 
 
 TURK’S CAP 
 
 TUYERE 
 
 Turk's cap, plant, III. 533, 2 be (ill.). 
 
 Turk’s Islands, Bahama archipelago, XVI. 69. 
 
 Turmeric, rootstock, XVI. 69 (ill.). Medical 
 use, 70, 1 b; chemical, 1 be. Turmeric pa¬ 
 per, ib. See Curry, V. 586, 2 ab. 
 
 “ Turn” in faro, VII. 89, 1 b. 
 
 Turnacum: see Tournay, XV. 824, 2 c. 
 
 Turnberry castle , Scotland, II. 171, 1 a. 
 
 Turnbull, Robert, American clergyman, XVI. 
 70. (Died 1877.) 
 
 Turnbull's blue , XIII. 763, 1 c. 
 
 Turner, county, XVI. 70. 
 
 Turner, Joseph Mallord William, English paint¬ 
 er, XVI. 70. 
 
 Turner, Samuel Hulbeart, American clergy¬ 
 man, XVI. 72. 
 
 Turner, Sharon, English historian, XVI. 72. 
 Sydney, clergyman, 2 ab. 
 
 Turner, William, English naturalist, XVI. 72. 
 
 Turner schools, IX. 507, 1 b. See Gymnas¬ 
 tics, VIII. 352, 1 ab. 
 
 Turnhout [turn'-howt], town of Belgium, XVI. 
 72. 
 
 Turning, mechanical, XVI. 72. Lathes, 73, 
 1 b, ff. Eccentric turning, 74, 1 ab; geo¬ 
 metric, 1 c ; elliptical, 2 a; irregular (Blan¬ 
 chard’s machine), 2 b. 
 
 Turnip, XVI. 74. Varieties, 75, 1 a (ills.). 
 
 Turnip Fly, XVI. 76. English, 1 b (ill.). 
 White butterfly, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Turnkunst [toorn'-koonst], system of physical 
 culture, IX. 507, 1 ab. 
 
 Turnplatz [toorn'-plats]: see Gymnastics, VIII. 
 352, 1 ab. 
 
 Turns, kind of shoes, XIV. 874, 2 b. Machine 
 for making, 875, 2 c. 
 
 Turnsole : see Heliotrope, VIII. 620, 2 ab. 
 
 Turnspit : see Terrier, XIV. 663, 1 ab. 
 
 Turnstone, bird, XVI. 76 (ill.). 
 
 Turn-table, of a railroad, XIV. 181, 1 b. 
 
 Turnyerein [toorn'-fer-ine]: see Gymnastics, 
 VIII. 352, 1 ab. 
 
 Turocz [too'-roats],county of Hungary,XVI.77. 
 
 Turo’nes, Gallic tribe, XV. 823,1 a (Touraine). 
 
 Turpentine, oleo-resinous substance, XVI. 77. 
 Boiled, 2 a. White, VII. 431, 2 b. Spirits 
 of : see Turpentine, Oil of. Turpentine re¬ 
 gion of North Carolina, XII. 491, 2 b. 
 
 Turpentine, Oil of, XVI. 77. 
 
 Turpeth mineral, XI. 403, 1 c (Mercury). 
 
 Turpin, archbishop of Rheims, XVI. 78. 
 
 Turques : see Turk’s Islands. 
 
 Turquoise [tur-koiz' or -keez'J, mineral, XVI. 78. 
 
 Turrecremata : see Torquemada, Juan de. 
 
 Turret , in Gothic architecture, I. 663, 2 c. 
 Turretin, Frangois [tu-ruh-ta ng ], Swiss theo¬ 
 logian, XVI. 79. Jean Alphonse, 1 a. 
 Turretini [toor-ra-te'-ne]: see Turretin. 
 Turris Julia: see Trujillo, Spain. 
 
 Turtelines [tur'-te-lins], pigeons, XIII. 506, 1 a. 
 Turtle, reptile, XVI. 79. Origin of the name, 
 
 1 b. Green, 80, 1 a (ill.) ; loggerhead, 2 a; 
 hawk’s bill, or imbricated, 2 be (ill.) ; trunk, 
 or leathery, 81, 1 be (ill.). 
 
 “ Turtle-back ” model, of ironclads, IX. 380, 2 b. 
 Turtle Dove, XVI. 81. Common European, 
 
 2 c; collared, ib. (ill., 82); Cape, 82, 1 b; 
 Carolina, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Turtle grass, referred to, XVI. 80, 1 c. 
 
 Turtur (ornithology), XVI. 81, 2 b. T. auri- 
 tus, 2 c; risorius, ib. (ill., 82). 
 
 Tuscaloosa, county, XVI. 82 . 
 
 Tuscaloosa, city of Alabama, XVI. 82. 
 Tuscanica signa, in sculpture, XIV. 717, 2 b. 
 Tuscan language , IX. 455, 1 b, 2 c. 
 
 Tuscan order, of architecture, I. 658, 2 a (ill., 
 656). 
 
 Tuscan sea, XI. 353, 2 c. 
 
 Tuscany, division of central Italy, XVI. 83. 
 History, 1 c. 
 
 Tuscarawas [tus-ka-raw'-us], county, XVI. 84. 
 Tuscarawas river, XII. 101, 1 a (Muskingum). 
 Tuscaroras, American Indians, XVI. 84. 
 Tusci: see Etruria, VI. 764, 1 c, 2 be. 
 
 Tuscia: see Etruria. 
 
 Tusco'la, county, XVI. 84. 
 
 Tuscola, county seat, VI. 221, 2 c. 
 
 Tus'culum, ruins of: see Frascati. 
 Tusoumbia, city of Alabama, XVI. 84. 
 Tuscumbia, county seat, XI. 551, 2 a. 
 
 Tusk, fish, V. 592, 2 a. 
 
 Tuske’gee, county seat, X. 803, 2 a. 
 
 Tusser, Thomas, English poet and husbandman, 
 XVI. 84. His poem on agriculture, I. 203,1 a. 
 Tussila’go farfara (botany), V. 114, 1 ab (ill.). 
 Tussock grass, VIII. 167, 1 c. 
 
 Tussocks, caterpillars, XI. 868, 2 c. 
 Tutchonekutchin, American Indians, IX. 787,2 c. 
 Tute’la: see Tudela. 
 
 Tutenag, alloy, XII. 432, 2 ab. 
 
 Tutia, zinc oxide, XVI. 819, 1 ab. T. Alex¬ 
 andria, 817, 2 c. 
 
 Tutty, origin of the word, XVI. 819, 1 ab. 
 Tutuila [too-too-e'-la]: see Samoan Islands. 
 Tutuxiu [too-too- k hu/]: see Mayas, XI. 298, 2 c. 
 Tuxpan [tooks'-p&n], town of Mexico, XVI. 85. 
 Tuxtla [tooks'-tla], volcano, XI. 466, 1 ab. 
 Tuyere [twe-yair', ortweer], in a blast furnace 
 
TVASHTRI 
 
 TYPIILOPHTHALMES 
 
 761 
 
 or forge, II. 742, 1 a, 743, 1 c; IY. 74, 1 c, 
 
 2 c (ills.); VII. 318, lb; IX. 392, 1 c. 
 Tvashtri , Hindoo deity, IX. 224, 1 b. 
 
 Tvek [tvSr], government of Russia, XVI. 85. 
 Capital, 1 b. 
 
 Twain cloud , IV. 711, 1 c. 
 
 Tweed, river of Scotland and England, XVI. 85. 
 Tweed, William Marcy, American politician, 
 XVI. 85. (Died 1878.) 
 
 Tweeddale : see Peeblesshire. 
 
 Tweeling: see Damask, V. 655, 2 c. 
 
 “ Twelvemonth, a," in law, XI. 789, 2 c. 
 
 Twelve tables, laws of the , IV. 619, 1 b; V. 6, 
 
 1 c; 486, 1 c; 751, 1 be; X. 192, 2 c. 
 Twesten, August Detlev Christian, German 
 theologian, XVI. 85. Karl, author, 86, 1 a. 
 Twickenham, village of England, XVI. 86. 
 Twiggs, county, XVI. 86. 
 
 Twiggs , Gen. (David Emanuel, 1790-1862, brig¬ 
 adier general U. S. A.), surrender of, XV. 
 679, 1 be; XVI. 174, 2 c. 
 
 Twilight, XVI. 86. Coloring of clouds, 87,1 ab. 
 Twilling: see Damask, V. 655, 2 c. 
 
 Twillying , of wool, XVI. 718, 2 a. 
 
 Twin flower, X. 509, 1 ab (Linn^ea). 
 
 Twink, bird, IV. 225, 1 b. 
 
 Twin-leaf, plant, IX. 597, 1 c; XVI. 780, 2 c. 
 Twiss, Sir Travers, English jurist, XVI. 87. 
 Twist, in rifle bore, XIV. 327, 2 ab ; gaining 
 twist, 2 b. 
 
 Twitch, grass, V. 420, 2 b. 
 
 Twite: see Linnet, X. 512, 2 a. 
 
 Two-eyes, plant, XIII. 143, 2 be. 
 
 Two Mountains, county of Canada, XVI. 87. 
 
 “ Two Sisters of the West," nom de plume, XVI. 
 451, 2 a. 
 
 Ty'ana, ancient city of Cappadocia, I. 587, 2 ab. 
 Tybee', island and sound, XVI. 87. 
 
 Tyburnia, London, X. 596, 1 b. 
 
 Tyburn road, London, X. 594, 1 b. 
 
 Tyche [ti'-ke]: see Fortuna. 
 
 Tychicus [tik'-e-kus], Paulician leader, XIII. 
 177, 2 c. 
 
 Tycho Brahe : see Brahe. 
 
 Tychsen, Olaus Gerhard [tik'-sen], German 
 orientalist, XVI. 87. 
 
 Tycoon: see Japan, IX. 543, 1 be. 
 
 TygarVs Valley river, XI. 757, 1 a. 
 
 Tyler, two counties, XVI. 87. 
 
 Tyler, county seat, XV. 115, 1 a. 
 
 Tyler, Bennet, American clergyman, XVI. 88. 
 Tyler, John, tenth president of the United 
 States, XVI. 88. 
 
 Tyler, Royall, American author, XVI. 89. 
 
 Tyler, Samuel, author, XVI. 89. 
 
 Tyler, William Seymour, linguist, XVI. 90. 
 Tylor, Edward Burnett, English author, XVI. 
 90. 
 
 Tymp, in blast furnace, IX. 392, 1 c. 
 
 Tympan, of printing press, XIII. 852, 1 b. 
 Tympanic membrane (tympanum), of the ear, 
 
 XV. 186, 2 c; 187, 1 b. 
 
 Tympanum (anatomy): see Ear, VI. 351, 1 c. 
 
 Instrument to aid hearing, 372, 1 ab. 
 Tympanum, in the Doric order, I. 657, 1 b. 
 Tympanum, ancient drum, VI. 291, 2 be. 
 Tyndale, William [tin'-d’l], English reformer, 
 
 XVI. 90. Lampooned by Sir Thomas More, 
 
 2 a. His translation of the Hew Testament, 
 ib. Martyrdom, 2 ab. 
 
 Tyndall, John, British natural philosopher, 
 XVI. 90. Investigations on diathermancy, VI. 
 82, 2 a, ff.; on heat, VIII. 570,1 ab (ills.); 
 on gases, &c., 571, 1 c; on glaciers, VII. 830, 
 
 1 c, 2 b, 831, 1 a; on light, X. 451, 1 b. 
 Tynda'reus, husband of Leda, X. 286, 2 a; IV. 
 
 87, 2 a. 
 
 Tyndaridce, IV. 87, 2 a (Castor and Pollux). 
 Tyne, river of England, XVI. 92. 
 
 Tynemouth [tin'-muth], town of England, 
 XVI. 92. 
 
 Tyng, Stephen Iligginson, American clergy¬ 
 man, XVI. 92. (Retired 1878.) Stephen 
 Higginson, jr., clergyman, 2 b. 
 
 Type, in printing, XVI. 92. Type metal, 2 c; 
 I. 336, 2 a, 565, 2 a; X. 263, 2 a. Copper¬ 
 facing, XVI. 93, 1 a. Type casting, 1 ab; 
 history of, 94, 1 a. Wood type, 93, 2 a. 
 Invention of movable type, XIII. 846, 1 be, 
 
 2 c; sizes of, ib. (ill., 847), XVI. 93, 2 b; 
 font of, XIII. 847, 1 c.—Bodoni’s collection 
 of types, II. 773, 2 c. Greek type first used 
 in England, XVI. 727, 2 ab. 
 
 Type, in mineralogy, XI. 587, 2 b. 
 
 Types, Chemical, XVI. 94. 
 
 Type-Setting Machine : see Printing, XIII. 
 848, 2 be. 
 
 Type Writers, XVI. 95. Sholes and Glidden 
 type writer, 2 c (ill., 96); Crandall’s, 96, 1 c 
 (ill.). Zaclios steno-phonotype reporter, 2 b. 
 Typiia, genus of plants, XVI. 97. Common 
 names, 1 a. T. latifolia (broad-leaved cat¬ 
 tail), 1 b (ill.); angustifolia (narrow-leaved), 
 1 c. 
 
 Typhlichthys subterra’neus [tif-lik'-this], (ich¬ 
 thyology), II. 723, 1 b. 
 
 Typhlophthalmes [Fr. tif-lo-ftalm], division of 
 lizards, XV. 80, 1 b. 
 
762 
 
 TYPHCEMIA 
 
 UGEIANS 
 
 Typhcemia, cattle disease, XII. 60, 1 ab. 
 
 Typhoid Fever : see Fevers, YII. 167, 2 ab. 
 Abortive, XV. 397, 1 ab. 
 
 Typho-malarial fever , VII. 165, 2 b ; 168, 2 c. 
 
 Typhon, in Greek mythology, XVI. 97; XII. 
 116, 2 b ; 720, 1 a; V. 794, 1 ab. 
 
 Typhoon : see Hurricane, IX. 80, 1 ab. Origin 
 of the name, XVI. 659, 2 a. 
 
 Typhus : see Fevers, VII. 166, 2 c. T. pe- 
 techialis, syncopalis, or gravior, 168, 2 c. 
 
 Typographical eye: see Correction of the 
 Press, V. 375, 2 b. 
 
 Typographic point: see Type, XVI. 93, 2 be. 
 
 Typography: see Printing, XIII. 845, 2 b. 
 
 Typos , edict of Constans II. on the Monothe- 
 lite dispute, III. 515, 1 a; XI. 758, 1 c. Ee- 
 ferred to, 208, 1 b. 
 
 Tyr , in Scandinavian mythology, XII. 120, 1 a. 
 
 Tyrannus (ornithology), IX. 837, 2 b. T. Ca- 
 rolinensis, ib. (ill.) ; intrepidus, ib. 
 
 Tyrant : see King Bird. 
 
 Tyrant fly-catcher (king bird), IX. 837, 2 b. 
 
 Tyrants , in Greece, VIII.. 188, 2 b. Period of 
 the tyrannies, ib. The most celebrated ty¬ 
 rants, ib . 
 
 Tyras: see Dniester. 
 
 Tyre, Phoenician city, XVI. 97. Euins of, 98, 
 2 a (view). History: see Phoenicia, XIII. 
 454, 2 b. Capture of by Alexander, I. 276, 
 1 c; V. 234, 2 b. 
 
 Tyree’, island, Scotland, X. 460, 2 a. 
 
 Tyrian climax, pass, XIII. 452, 2 a. 
 
 Tyrian dye: see Murex, XII. 54, 2 b. 
 
 tJ, a letter, XVI. 101. As vowel and conso¬ 
 nant, 1 a. Sounds in English, 1 b ; in other 
 European languages, 1 be. Interchanges, 2 a. 
 
 Uaphris [wa'-fris], king of Egypt, I. 606, 1 c. 
 
 Ubaldini, Ruggiero [oo-bal-de'-ne], archbishop 
 of Pisa, VII. 792, 1 be. 
 
 Ubicini, Jean Henri Abdolonyme [ii-be-se-ne], 
 French author, XVI. 101. 
 
 Ubii [yu'-be-I], Germanic tribe, V. 82, 2 c. 
 
 TJbye [oob-ya'], king of Tigr6, I. 48, 2 a. 
 
 Ucayali [oo-ka-ya'-le]: see Amazon, I. 379, 
 1 ab, and Peru, XIII. 336, 1 b. 
 
 Uccello [oot-chel'-lo], (Paolo di Dono), Italian 
 painter, XVI. 101. 
 
 JJchatius steel [oo- k ha'-tse-oos], XV. 358, 2 b. 
 
 U'chees, Indian tribe, XVI. 101. 
 
 Tyrol [tir'-ul; Ger. te-role'], province of Aus¬ 
 tria, XVI. 98. History, 99, la: see Ho- 
 fer. Government, 1 ab. 
 
 Tyrone', county of Ireland, XVI. 99. 
 
 Tyropoe/on , ravine in Jerusalem, IX. 612, 2 b; 
 614,.1 c. 
 
 Tyrrel (Sir James), murderer of Edward V., 
 VI. 437, 2 c. 
 
 Tyrrell, county, XVI. 99. 
 
 Tyrrheni (Etruscans), VI. 764, 1 c. Tyrrhenia, 
 IX. 449, 1 ab. 
 
 Tyrrhenian sea , XI. 353, 2 c. 
 
 Tyrseni (Etruscans), VI. 764, 1 c. 
 
 Tyrt^e'us, Greek poet, XVI. 99. 
 
 Tyrwhitt, Thomas [ter'-it], English author, 
 XVI. 99. 
 
 Tytler, William, Scottish author, XVI. 99. 
 Alexander Fraser, jurist, 100, 1 a. Patrick 
 Fraser, author, 1 b. 
 
 Tzahonian dialect , VIII. 209, 1 a (twice). 
 
 Tzana [tsa'-na], lake of Abyssinia, XVI. 100. 
 
 Tzar : see Czar. 
 
 Tzarev'itch, tzarevna , tzaritza, Eussian impe¬ 
 rial titles, V. 622, 2 be. 
 
 Tzar KoloJcol, XI. 860, 1 a. See Tsar Kolohol 
 (Index). 
 
 Tzarskoye Selo [tsar'-sko-yeh sSh'-lo], town 
 of Eussia, XVI. 100; XIII. 104, 2 a. 
 
 Tzelcah, Moslem almsgiving, XI. 698, 2 a. 
 
 Tzesarev’itch, tzesarevna, titles, V. 622, 2 c. 
 
 Tzia [tse'-a]: see Zea. 
 
 Tzschirner, Heinrich Gottlieb [cheer'-ner], 
 German theologian, XVI. 100. 
 
 Udall, Nicholas, English author, XVI. 101. 
 Udine [oo'-de-na], province of Italy, XVI. 101. 
 Capital, 102, 1 a. 
 
 Ueberweg, Friedrich [ii'-ber-ve'h], German 
 historian of philosophy, XVI. 102; XIII. 
 430, 1 b. 
 
 Ufa [oo-fa'J, government of Eussia, XVI. 102. 
 Capital city, 1 c. 
 
 Uflington castle, England, II. 562, 1 c. 
 
 Uflizipalace [oof-fe'-tse], gallery of,VII.276,1 b. 
 Uggione, Marco da [ood-jo'-na]: see Oggione. 
 Ugocsa [oo'-go-chaw], county of Hungary, 
 XVI. 102. 
 
 Ugolino [oo-go-le'-no]: see Gherardesca. 
 TJgolino (Pope Gregory IX.), VIII. 244, 2 be. 
 Ugrians [oo'-gre-anz]: see Finns, VII. 207,1 b. 
 
UHLAND 
 
 UMPQUA 
 
 763 
 
 Uhland, Johann Ludwig [oo'-lant], German 
 poet, XVI. 102. 
 
 Uigurs [we-goors'J: see Turks, XVI. 69, 1 a; 
 
 Turkish Language and Literature, 64, 2 c. 
 Uinim [we-neem'J, IX. 330, 2 c (Ionians). 
 Uintaii [win'-ta], county, XVI. 102. Moun¬ 
 tains, 2 c; XIV. 378, 1 a. 
 
 Ujiji [oo-je'-je], district of central Africa, XVI. 
 
 102. Town, 103, 2 a. 
 
 Ukiah, county seat, XI. 385, 2 be. 
 
 Ukkal, class of the Druses, VI. 274, 1 a, c. 
 Ukraina [oo-kra-e*-na]: see Ukraine. 
 
 Ukraine [yu'-krain], former province of Po¬ 
 land, XVI. 103. See Cossacks. 
 
 Uladislas king of Hungary, X. 89, 1 c. 
 
 Ular sawad , serpent, II. 762, 1 c. 
 
 Uleaborg (Swed. Uledborg , oo'-la-o-borg), lan 
 of Finland, XVI. 103. Capital, 1 b. 
 
 Ulema [oo-le'-ma], the learned of Turkey, XVI. 
 
 103. 
 
 U'lex, genus of plants, XVI. 103. Common 
 names, 2 a. U.Europseus, ^5. (ill.); nanus, 2 c. 
 Ul'filas, or Ulfila, Gothic bishop, XVI. 103. 
 Uliarus: see Oleron. 
 
 TJlikon [oo'-le-kon], fish, I. 242, 1 b. 
 
 Ullmann, Karl [ool'-man], German theologian, 
 XVI. 104. 
 
 Ulloa, Antonio de [oo-lyo'-a], Spanish naval 
 officer, XVI. 104. Expedition to S. America, 
 IX. 696, 2 c. 
 
 Ullr, Scandinavian divinity, XII. 120, 1 b. 
 
 Ulm [oolm], city of Wurtemberg, XVI. 104. 
 
 Surrender of to Hapoleon, X. 795, 2 c. 
 JJlmine [ul'-min], VI. 707, 1 b. See Humus. 
 Ulmus (botany), VI. 550, 2 a. U. Americana, 
 ib. (ills., ib., and 551); fulva, 551, 1 a (ill.); 
 racemosa, 1 c; alata, 2 a; campestris, ib. 
 (ill.); montana, 2 b (ill.), XVI. 791, 2 o. 
 Ulotriches [u-lot'-re-keez], (ethnology), VI. 
 757, 1 a. 
 
 Ulphilas : see Ulfilas. 
 
 Ulpian (Domitius Ulpianus), Boman jurist, 
 XVI. 105 ; X. 198, 2 c. 
 
 Ulpia Sardica , ruins of, XV. 167, 2 a. 
 
 Ulrica Eleono'ra [ool-re'-ka], (1688-1741), 
 queen of Sweden, XV. 509, 2 b. 
 
 Uleici, Hermann [ool-re'-tse], German philos¬ 
 opher, XVI. 105; XIII. 443, 1 c. 
 
 Ulster, county, XVI. 105. 
 
 Ulster, province of Ireland, XVI. 105. 
 Ul'tima Thu'le: see Thule (Index). 
 Ultrajectum: see Utrecht, XVI. 237, 2 b. 
 Ultramarine, pigment, XVI. 106; XII. 805, 
 2 a; X. 161, 1 c; II. 787, 1 be. 
 
 Ultramon' tane, IX. 265, 1 a; VII. 578, 1 b. 
 See Ultramontanists. 
 
 Ultramontanists, XVI. 106. See Ultramon * 
 tane (Index). 
 
 Ulva (botany), XII. 774, 1 a. U. lactuca, 1 ab; 
 latissima, ib., and VII. 248, 1 a (ill.); com- 
 pressa, I. 299, 1 be. 
 
 Ulys'ses, Homeric hero, XVI. 106. See Te- 
 lemachus, and Palamedes. 
 
 Umd [oo-ma'j, in Hindoo mythology, IX.228,2 a. 
 Umatilla, county, XVI. 107. 
 
 Umbagog lake , Hew England, XII. 293, 1 b. 
 Umbel , form of inflorescence, XIII. 584, 2 ab, 
 b, be (ills.: see Caraway, and Parsley). 
 Umbellifera (botany), XIII. 129, 2 b. 
 
 Umber, pigment, XVI. 107. 
 
 Umbilical vessels , in the foetus, VI. 564, 2 be; 
 cord, 2 c, 505, 1 c; arteries, 564, 2 c; vein, 
 ib., X. 536, 2 c, 537, 1 ab. 
 
 Umbilicus, of the foetus and adult, VI. 562,1 a, 
 565, 1 c. Of a feather, lower and upper, 
 VII. 103, 2 c. 
 
 Umbo, of a shield, XIV. 853, 2 ab. 
 
 Umbo'nes, in sea shells,V. 201, 2 c (ill.) ; 202,1 c. 
 Umbra, in the sun’s spots, XV. 471, 2 c. 
 
 Umbre [um'-ber], wading bird, XVI. 107. 
 Tufted, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Umbreit, Friedrich Wilhelm Karl [oom'-brite], 
 German theologian, XVI. 108. 
 
 Umbrella, XVI. 108. Construction of, 1 b. 
 Ancient use of, 2 b. First use of in Eng¬ 
 land, 109, 1 a (see ITanway) ; in the United 
 States, 1 b. 
 
 Umbrella, mollusk, XVI. 109 (ill.); V. 201, 
 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Umbrella Bird, XVI. 109 (ill.). Araponga, 
 or bell bird, 2 c. 
 
 Umbrella tree, XI. 20, 1 a; ear-leaved, 1 ab. 
 Umbria, country of ancient Italy, XVI. 110. 
 Battle of (battle of Sentinum), 1 b. Prov¬ 
 ince : see Perugia. 
 
 Umbrians, people of Italy, IX. 439, 2 c. Um¬ 
 brian language, 440, 1 a. 
 
 Umbrina (ichthyology), IX. 838, 2 c. U. nebu- 
 losa (alburnus), ib. (ill., 839); VIII. 385, 2 c. 
 Umbro-Oscan language , IX. 440, 1 a. Umbro- 
 Samnite, ib. 
 
 Umea (Swed. Umea, oo'-ma-o), river of Swe¬ 
 den, XV. 502, 2 b. (See map.) 
 
 Um Keis [oom kace], ruins of, VII. 550, 1 c. 
 Umlaut [oom'-lowt], modified sound, I. 502, 
 2 a ; 503, 1 c. 
 
 Ummerapura: see Amarapura. 
 
 Umpqua, river of Oregon, XVI. 110. 
 
UMRITSIR 
 
 UNITED STATES 
 
 764 
 
 Umritsir: see Amritsir. 
 
 U'ndka mountains, XV. 642, 1 c ; 643, 2 c. 
 Unakite, granite, XV. 643, 2 c. 
 
 Unalashka [oo-na-lash'-ka], Aleutian island, I. 
 
 240, 1 a; 275, 1 a, ab. 
 
 Unam sanctum, papal bull, III. 66, 2 a. 
 
 Unau [oo'-now]: see Sloth, XV. 108,1 b (ill.). 
 Uncaria gambir (botany), VII. 607, 1 be ; IV. 
 105, 2 c. 
 
 Uncas, Indian sachem, XVI. 110. 
 
 Uncials, letters, XI. 134, 1 a. 
 
 Uncompahgre mountains [oon-kom-pa'-gra] 
 Colorado, V. 100, 2 a. Peak, XIV. 377, 2 be. 
 Underbade, in a brewery, III. 259, 2 be. • 
 Under coverts, in plumage, VII. 105, 2 c. 
 
 “ Underground railroad,' 1 ' 1 VII. 521, 1 be. 
 Underhand sloping , in mining, XI. 573, 2 be. 
 Under-leasing, in law, X. 269, 2 b. 
 Underwriters, individual insurers, IX. 314, 1 c. 
 Undulations , in sound, I. 69, 2 b. 
 
 Ung [oong], county of Hungary, XVI. 110. 
 Unger, Franz [oong'-er], German palaeontolo¬ 
 gist, XVI. 110. 
 
 Unguentum hydrargyri nitratis, XII. 464, 2 ab. 
 Ungtjioulata and Ungulata, XVI. 110. See 
 Mammalia, XI. 79, 2 b, c; 80,1 a; 82 (table). 
 Un Homme de Rien [u ng nuin duh re-a ng ], (a 
 nobody), pseudonyme, X. 589, 2 ab. 
 
 Uniaxial crystals, X. 441, 2 a. 
 
 Unicoi, county, XVI. 111. 
 
 Unicorn, fabulous animal, XVI. Ill; XIV. 
 
 289, 1 a. Sea unicorn, XVI. Ill, 1 b. 
 Unicorn Plant : see Martynia, XI. 214, 1 c. 
 Uniformity, acts of, XII. 479,1 c, ff. 
 Unigenitus, papal bull, X. 661, 1 ab; IX. 688, 
 1 b, 528, 1 b; I. 209, 2 c. Referred to, IV. 
 663, 1 c. 
 
 Unimak [oo-ne-mak'], Aleutian island, I. 275, 
 1 a, ab. 
 
 Unio (mollusca), XII. 104, 1 ab. U. margari- 
 tifera, 1 b; hyria, XIII. 213, 2 b. 
 
 Union, name of sixteen counties, XVI. 111. 
 Union, county seats, VII. 435,1 a; XI. 759,2 ab. 
 Union, the, of Protestant states in Germany, 
 XIV. 463, 2 ab. 
 
 Union, the, club, London, X. 608, 1 b. 
 
 Union Christian College, Indiana, XVI. 113. 
 Union college : see Union University. 
 
 Union of England and Scotland, VI. 616, 1 c ; 
 VII. 468,1 a. Of Great Britain and Ireland, 
 VII. 708, 2 b; IX. 359, 1 ab. 
 
 Union fags, of the revolutionary struggle, VII. 
 250, 2 c, If. 
 
 Union jack: see Flag, VII. 249, 2 c; 252, 1 a. 
 
 Unionparty, in the United Evangelical church, 
 XVI. 117, 1 be. 
 
 Union Springs, county seat, III. 428, 2 b. 
 Uniontown , county seat, VII. 101, 1 b. 
 
 Union University, New York state, XVI. 113. 
 Unionville, county seats, IX. 41, lb; XIV. 
 
 100, 1 c; XVI. Ill, 2 c. 
 
 Unitarianism, in Christian theology, XVI. 113. 
 Early discussions on the deity of Christ, 114, 
 1 be. Unitarianism at the reformation, 2 a; 
 in England, 2 b; in New England, 115, 1 a. 
 Statistics, 1 be.—Father *of English Unita¬ 
 rians, so called, II. 625, 2 c. 
 
 Unitas Fratrum : see Moravians, and II. 787, 
 
 1 a. 
 
 United Associate Synod of the Secession Church, 
 VI. 139, 2 c. 
 
 United Brethren: see Moravians. 
 
 United Brethren in Christ, XVI. 115 ; XI. 
 460, 1 ab. 
 
 United Evangelical Church, XVI. 116. 
 United Evangelical Synod of the East, XVI. 
 
 118, 1 b. Of the Northwest, ib. 
 
 United Creek church: see Russia, XIV.485, 2 a. 
 United Irishmen, IX. 358, 2 c. See Grattan. 
 United Presbyterian church, in Scotland, XIII. 
 
 811, 2 a, be; VI. 139, 2 c. 
 
 United Provinces : see Netherlands, XII. 
 247, 2 be. 
 
 United Provinces of La Plata, III. 409, 2 c. 
 United Service club, London, X. 607, 2 c. 
 United Service museum, London, X. 605, 2 b. 
 United societies : see Methodism, XI. 448, 2 c. 
 United society of believers in Christ's second 
 appearing: see Shakers. 
 
 United States of America, XVI. 118. (Maps, 
 eastern part and western part.) Great seal, 
 ib. (ill.). States and territories, 119, 1 a; 
 population of, 120,1 a. Principal cities, 2 c; 
 population of, 121,1 a. Coasts, 1 c. Rivers, 
 
 2 a. Lakes, 2 c. Area of watersheds, 122, 
 
 1 b. Mountains, 1 c. Geology, 123, 1 b. 
 Natural curiosities, 125, 1 ab. Climate, 2 a. 
 Diseases, 126, 1 ab. Soil, 1 b. Botany, 2 c. 
 Zoology, 129, 1 c.—Statistics of population, 
 130, 2 o ; of agriculture, 132, 1 c; of manu¬ 
 factures, 133, 2 b; of mining, 136, 1 c; of 
 commerce, 137,1 a; of wealth, &c., 139,1 be. 
 —Government, 1 c. Constitution, 142, 1 be. 
 Army, 143, 1 b; national cemeteries, 2 a 
 (table). Navy, 2 c. National debt, 144,1 b. 
 Receipts and expenditures, 145, 2 c. Coin¬ 
 age, 146, 1 c. National banking system, 
 
 2 be.—Education, 147, 1 c. Charitable in- 
 
UNITED STATES 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 765 
 
 stitutions, &c., 148, 1 c. Libraries, 2 ab. 
 Newspapers and periodicals, 2 b. Religion, 
 
 2 c.—History, 149, 2 a. Aborigines, ib. 
 Voyages of discovery, 2 be. Spanish colo¬ 
 nization of Florida, 150, 1 a. English colo¬ 
 nization, 1 bo ; seizure of Dutch possessions, 
 151, 2 a. The 13 colonies, 152, 1 a. Out¬ 
 line of colonial history, 1 be. Indian wars, 
 
 1 c; French and Indian, 2 c. State of the 
 colonies after the seven years’ war, 153, 2 c. 
 Resistance to parliamentary oppression, 154, 
 
 2 a. Old continental congress, 155, 2 ab. 
 Opening of the revolutionary war, 156, 1 a. 
 Second continental congress, 2 a. Declara¬ 
 tion of Independence, 157, 1 b (text). Sur¬ 
 render of Burgoyne, 158, 2 c. French al¬ 
 liance, 159, 1 a. Surrender of Cornwallis, 
 160, 1 ab. Treaty of peace, 1 be.—Period 
 of the confederation, 2 a. Constitution 
 adopted, 2 b; amendments, 161,1 b, 183,1 c, 
 184, 1 b, 185, 1 a. Administration of Presi¬ 
 dent Washington, 161, 1 a; formation of 
 parties, 2 a; Jay’s treaty, 2 be. President 
 John Adams, 162,1 a ; threatened war with 
 France, ib. ; alien and sedition laws, 1 be. 
 President Jefferson, 2 a; English encroach¬ 
 ments, 2 c; embargo, 163, 1 b. President 
 Madison, 1 be; war with England, 2 a; 
 treaty of peace, 164, 2 a. President Monroe, 
 165,1 ab ; Missouri controversy, 1 be; anti¬ 
 slavery agitation, 2 c; 11 Monroe doctrine,” 
 166, 1 b. President John Quincy Adams, 
 
 1 c; protective tariff, 2 a. President Jack- 
 son, 2 ab; U. S. bank, 2 b; nullification, 2 c; 
 removal of the deposits, 167, 1 c. President 
 Van Buren, 2 a; financial distress, 2 b. 
 President Harrison, 168, 1 a; his death, ib. 
 President Tyler, 1 ab; annexation of Texas, 
 
 1 b, c. President Polk, 2 a; war with 
 Mexico, ib. ; Oregon boundary, 169, 1 a. 
 Anti-slavery movements, 1 b; free-soil party, 
 
 2 c, ff. President Taylor, 170,1 be; slavery 
 compromise measures, 2 a; death of the 
 president, 2 b. President Fillmore, ib. Dec¬ 
 larations of parties on slavery, 171,1 a. Presi¬ 
 dent Pierce, 2 a ; Kansas and Nebraska bill, 
 2 b; Ostend manifesto, 2 c. Republican 
 party, 172,1 b, ff. President Buchanan, 2 b ; 
 Kansas troubles, 2 c. Party platforms, 173, 
 1 b, ff.; division of the democrats, 1 be; 
 election of Lincoln, 174, 1 b; secession of 
 southern states, ib. President Lincoln, 2 a ; 
 opening of the civil war, 2 c; Union forces 
 raised, 175, 1 ab; events of the war,2 a,ff.; 
 
 statistics, 182,2 a; confederate cruisers,2 c; 
 voluntary charitable aid, 183, 1 a. Emanci¬ 
 pation, 1 be; constitutional amendments, 1 c, 
 
 184, 1 b, 185, 1 a; civil Tights bill, 184, 1 a. 
 Presidential reconstruction, 183, 2 a; con¬ 
 gressional plan, 184, 2 a. Election of 1864, 
 
 185, 1 a. Assassination of Lincoln, 2 a. 
 President Johnson, ib. ; his contest w r ith 
 congress, 2 b; impeachment, 2 c. Election 
 of 1868, 186, 1 a; of 1872, 1 c. President 
 Grant, ib.; treaty of Washington, 187, 1 c; 
 Geneva tribunal, &c., 2 b. List of presidents 
 and vice presidents, 188 (table); of chief 
 justices, 1 c. 
 
 United States, Literature of the, XVI. 188. 
 Colonial period (1620-1775), 2 c; first Ameri¬ 
 can (1775-1820), 190,1 ab; latest American 
 (1820-1876), 192, 1 c. 
 
 United Syrians , religious sect, IX. 500, 2 a. 
 
 Unities , in the drama, VI. 245, 1 b, 2 a. 
 
 Unit jar , Lane's, for measuring the electric 
 charge, VI. 510, 1 c. 
 
 Unit of molecular weight , X. 712, 1 ab. 
 
 Unity of Brethren (Bohemian Brethren), II. 
 787, 1 a. 
 
 Univalve shells , V. 200, 2 a ; 201, 1 b (ills.). 
 
 Universal doctor: see Alain de Lille. 
 
 Universalia, general notions, I. 707, 1 c; XIII. 
 437, 2 c, 439, 2 ab; 602, 1 ab. 
 
 Universalists, religious denomination, XVI. 
 207. Doctrines, 1 b. History, 208,1 c. Sta¬ 
 tistics, 2 b. Legal rights of contested in 
 Massachusetts, XII. 63, 1 b. 
 
 Universals: see Universalia (Index). 
 
 University, XVI. 209. Origin, 1 b. Of 
 Paris, 1 c; colleges in, V. 58, 1 c; supposed 
 germ of, I. 267, 1 b ; decree respecting the 
 immaculate conception, IX. 195, 1 be. Of 
 France, XVI. 210, 1 a; VII. 375, 1 c. Oth¬ 
 er French universities, XVI. 210, 1 b.—Of 
 Bologna, 1 c. Of Salerno, 2 ab. Other 
 Italian universities, 2 be. Roman university : 
 see Sapienza (Index).—Of Oxford and Cam¬ 
 bridge, 2 c. Of Durham, 2il, 1 a. Of Lon¬ 
 don, 1 b; V. 58, 2 ab (chartered by William 
 IV.) ; X. 604, 1 b. London university (Uni¬ 
 versity college), ib. Universities’ test act, 
 XVI. 211, 1 c.—Universities of Scotland, ib. ; 
 of Ireland, 212, 1 a; of Spain, 1 c; of Portu¬ 
 gal, 2 c; of Austria-Hungary, 213, 1 a; of 
 the German empire, 1 b; of Switzerland, 
 214, la; of Holland, ib. ; of Belgium, 1 b ; 
 of Scandinavia, 1 c; of Russia, 2 b; of 
 Greece, 2 c; of Turkey, &c., 215, 1 a; of 
 
766 
 
 UNKIAR-SKELESSI 
 
 URIA 
 
 China and Japan, 1 ab; of India and Aus¬ 
 tralia, 1 b; of the United States and Can¬ 
 ada, 1 be; of South America, 1 c. Univer¬ 
 sity statistics, 2 b (table). 
 
 Unkiar-Skelessi [oon'-kyar ska-les'-se], (village 
 near Constantinople), secret treaty of, XII. 
 702, 2 a. 
 
 Unter den Linden [oon'-ter], street of Berlin, 
 
 II. 563, 1 c. 
 
 Untergdhrung [oon'-ter-ga-roong], in brewing, 
 
 III. 262, 1 be. 
 
 Unterhefe [oon'-ter-ha-feh], in brewing, III. 
 262, 1 be. 
 
 Unterwalden [oon'-ter-val-den], Swiss can¬ 
 ton, XVI. 216. 
 
 Upanishads [oo-pa'-ne-shads], in Hindoo re¬ 
 ligious literature, IX. 222, 2 b; 227, 1 c. 
 Upapurdnas [oo-pa-poo-ra'-nas], in Hindoo re¬ 
 ligious literature, IX. 229, 1 c. 
 
 Upasalca [oo-pa'-sa-ka], in Buddhism, III. 401, 
 
 1 c. Upasaki, 2 a. 
 
 Upas Tree, XYI. 216 (ill., 217). Stories about, 
 
 2 c. Poison of, 217, 1 c. 
 
 Upeneus (ichthyology), XII. 37, 1 c. U. ma- 
 culatus, ib. 
 
 Upham, Charles Wentworth, American au¬ 
 thor, XVI. 217. 
 
 Upham, Thomas Cogswell, American author, 
 XVI. 217; XIII. 447, 1 c. 
 
 Upolu [oo-po-loo'j: see Samoan Islands. 
 Upper Alton , I. 362, 2 b (Alton). 
 
 Upper Ashuelot , IX. 781, 1 b (Keene). 
 
 Upper Canada: see Ontario, province. 
 
 “ Upper cut” in pugilism, XIV. 77, 1 a. 
 
 Upper Grove , county seat, VIII. 435, 1 a. 
 Upper leather , X. 271, 1 ab.' Tanning of, 275, 
 2 be. 
 
 Upper Marlborough, county seat, XIII. 842,1 a. 
 Upper Sandusky , county seat, XVI. 745, 1 a. 
 Uppstrom, Andreas , his reprints of Gothic 
 manuscripts, VIII. 125, 2 b. 
 
 Upright, basket-making implement, II. 366,1 a. 
 Up'sal, district of Sweden, XVI. 218. Capital 
 city, 1 b. University of, 214, 1 c, 218, 1 c. 
 Gamla Upsala, 2 ab. Synod of, XIV. 249,1 a. 
 Upsala [oop-sa'-la]: see Upsal. 
 
 Upshur, two counties, XVI. 218. 
 
 Upson, county, XVI. 218. 
 
 Upton, Gen. (Emory), infantry tactics of, IX. 
 270, 1 a; 273, 2 a. 
 
 Upupa (ornithology), VIII. 808,1 b. U. epops, 
 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Ur, in Chaldea, IV. 228, 2 a; 230, 1 be. 
 Urcemia, disease, VII. 170, 2 b (Fevers). 
 
 U'ral [or oo-ral'], river of Russia, XVI. 219. 
 Uralians, race, VI. 756, be (table); 758, 1 c. 
 Ural Mountains, Russia, XVI. 219. 
 
 Uralo-Altaic race, XVI. 42, 1 c. 
 
 Uranate of soda, XVI* 220, 1 b. 
 
 Urania, in mythology, XVI. 219. 
 
 Urania (entomology), III. 500, 2 c. 
 
 Urania speciosa (botany), X. 810, 1 b. 
 
 Uranic compounds, XVI. 219, 2 c. 
 
 Uranienborg [oo-ra'-ne-en-borg], observatory 
 of, III. 184, 1 c; XII. 566, 1 c. 
 
 Uranium, metal, XVI. 219. 
 
 Uranium salts , fluorescent properties of, XV. 
 249, 1 a, ff. 
 
 Uranos'copus (ichthyology), XV. 321, 1 c. U. 
 
 vulgaris, 2 b (ill.) ; anoplos, ib. 
 
 U'ranus, in classical mythology, XVI. 220. 
 Uranus, planet, XVI. 220; VIII. 698, 2 c; X. 
 378, 2 b. Irregularity of, how caused, XII. 
 228, 1 c. 
 
 Urari [oo-r4'-re]: see Woorara. 
 
 Urates of soda, &c., XVI. 224, 1 c, 2 be. 
 Urban, name of eight popes, XVI. 221. Ur¬ 
 ban II., 1 b ; V. 528, 1 be. Urban V., XVI. 
 221, 2 b. Urban VI., 2 c; IV. 622, 1 ab. 
 Urban VIII., XVI. 222, 1 ab. 
 
 Urban'a, city of Ohio, XVI. 222. 
 
 Urbana, county seat, IV. 247, 2 a. 
 
 Urbino [oor-be'-no], city of Italy, XVI. 222. 
 Urbi'num Horten'se: see Urbino. 
 
 Urce'ola elas'tica (botany), III. 734, 2 a, c (ill., 
 735). 
 
 Urchin (hedgehog), VIII. 606, 1 ab. 
 
 Urchin Fish: see Sea Porcupine, XIV.739, lc. 
 Urdu [oor-doo'J, a language of India, IX. 217, 
 1 a; 218, 2 c. 
 
 Ure, Andrew, Scottish chemist, XVI. 223. 
 Urea : see Urine, XVI. 224, 2 a. Artificial 
 production of, 694, 2 c. 
 
 Ure'do, genus of fungi, XVI. 223. Referred 
 to, VII. 532, 2 c. 
 
 Ure-ox: see Aurochs, and XII. 757, 2 b. 
 Ure'ter (anatomy), II. 686, 1 be; IX. 827, 2 a. 
 
 Of birds, II. 687, 1 c. 
 
 Urethra (anatomy), II. 686, 1 c. 
 
 Urfa [oor'-fa]: see Edessa, Mesopotamia, VI. 
 401, 2 b ; 402, 2 a. 
 
 Ur gel, Seo de [sa'-o da oor- k hail'], town of 
 Spain, I. 480, 2 a. Bishop of, his relations 
 to Andorra, 2 b, ff. Regency of, VII. 138, 
 1 c; XV. 214, 1 c. 
 
 Urginea maritima (botany), XV. 295, 2 ab (ill.). 
 Uri [oo'-re], Swiss canton, XVI. 223. 
 
 Uria (ornithology), VIII. 309, 1 c. U. grylle, 
 
URIC 
 
 UTRICULARIA 
 
 767 
 
 2 b (ill.); columba and troile or lomvia, 310, | 
 1 a; arra, 1 b. 
 
 Urio Acid : see Urine, XYI. 224, 2 be, and 
 VIII. 174, 1 ab. 
 
 Uric acid calculus , III. 570, 1 a. 
 
 Uriconium: see Wroxeter. 
 
 Urim and Thummim, of the Hebrew high priest, 
 XVI. 223. 
 
 Urine, XVI. 223. See Bladder, II. 686, 2 c. 
 Urinary calculi, removal of, 687, 1 c: see 
 Calculi. 
 
 Uriniferous tubes , IX. 827, 2 a. 
 
 Urn : see Burial, III. 452, 2 b, 453, 1 c (ills.). 
 Urnerloch [oor'-ner-lu k h], tunnel, Switzerland, 
 VI. 57, 1 a. 
 
 Urocyon [yn-ros'-e-on], (zoology), VII. 358,1 c; 
 
 359, 2 ab. U. littoralis, 2 c. 
 
 Urode'la , order of amphibia, I. 435, 2 c. 
 Urot'richus (zoology), XI. 705, 1 c, 706, 2 b. 
 
 U. talpoides, ib. ; Gibbsii, ib. 
 
 Urquhart. David [ur'-kwurt], British author, 
 XVI. 225. 
 
 Urquiza, Justo Jose de [oor-ke'-sa]: see Ar¬ 
 gentine Republic, I. 694, 2 b-696, 1 c. 
 Urraca [oor-ra'-ka], queen of Castile and Leon, 
 I. 295, 2 c ; 296, 1 c. 
 
 Ursa Major, and Ursa Minor: see Bear, 
 Great and Lesser. 
 
 Ursici’nus , Roman general, referred to, I. 426, 
 
 1 be. 
 
 Ur'sidce (zoology), IV. 10, 2 b ; 11, 1 ab. 
 Ursine opossum [ur'-sin], V. 698, 2 be. Another, 
 XVI. 702, 2 c. 
 
 Ur'sula, Saint, XVI. 225. Reliquary of: see 
 Memling. 
 
 Ursulines, monastic order, XVI. 225. 
 
 Ursus (zoology), II. 417, 1 a. U. maritimus, 
 
 1 c (ill.); horribilis, 2 c (ill., 418) ; spelasus, 
 418, 2 a ; arctos, ib. ; Americanus, ib. (ill.); 
 occidentalis, 419, 1 a (ill., 418); labiatus, ib. 
 (ill.); Isabellinus, 1 c (ill.); collaris, 2a; or- 
 natus, 2 ab (ill.) ; Tibetanus, 2 be. 
 
 Ur'tica (botany), XII. 254, 1 b, be. U. urens, 
 
 2 a (ill.), and other species. 
 
 Urtica'cece (botany), XII. 254, 1 b. 
 
 Urticaria: see Nettle Rash. 
 
 Urticece [ur-tis'-e-e], (botany), XIII. 254, 1 b. 
 Urucu [oo-roo-koo 7 ], a dye, XIII. 61, 1 a. 
 Uruguay [oo-roo-gwl'], republic of South 
 America, XVI. 226 (map). Description, 
 1 be. Population, &c., 2 be. Industries, 
 227, 1 a. Government, 2 b. Education, 
 religion, &c., 228, 1 ab. History, 1 b. 
 Uruguay, river, XVI. 228. 
 
 URUMiAn [oo-roo-me'-a], town of Persia, XVI. 
 
 229. Protestant mission, 1 b. Lake, 1 c. 
 Urus : see Aurochs, and II. 667, 2 ab ; XIV. 
 468, 2 b. 
 
 Use , in law, XI. 853, 2 b. 
 
 Use , a, in welding, VII. 318, 2 be. 
 
 “ Use of Sarumf liturgy, X. 535, 2 a. 
 
 Uses, in law, XVI. 229. Statute of, 2 b; V. 
 
 150, 2 c; VI. 700, 2 b. 
 
 Ush'ant, island of France, XVI. 230. 
 
 Ushas [oo'-shas], in Hindoo mythology, IX. 
 223, 2 c. 
 
 Usher, James, Irish prelate, XVI. 230. 
 
 Usip'etes , Germanic tribe, I. 271, 1 c. 
 
 Usnea (botany), XV. 754, 1 a. 
 
 Usquebaugh [us-kwe-baw 7 ]: see Whiskey. 
 Ustariz , Geronimo de [oos-ta-reeth 7 ], on political 
 economy, XIII. 667, 2 ab. 
 
 Ustila'go (fungus), referred to, VII. 532, 2 c. 
 U. maydis, XI. 45, 1 c. 
 
 Usumasinta River [oo-soo-ma-seen 7 -ta] : see 
 Guatemala, VIII. 289, 2 a. 
 
 Usury, XVI. 230. Usury laws of England, 
 2b; of the United States, 2 c. What con¬ 
 stitutes usury, 231, 1 a, If. Discount of in¬ 
 terest, 2 a. 
 
 Usus, Roman form of marriage, V. 221. 
 
 Utah, territory, XVI. 231. Population, 2 b. 
 Surface, 232, 1 ab. Rivers and lakes, 1 c. 
 Geology, 2 b. Minerals, 2 c. Climate, 233,1 c. 
 Soil and vegetation, 2 b. Industries, 234,1 b. 
 Intercommunication, 2 ab. Government, 2 c. 
 Education, 235, 1 b. Church organizations, 
 1 c. History, 2 a. 
 
 Utah, county, XVI. 235. 
 
 Utah lake, VIII. 183, 2 c; XVI. 232, 2 a. 
 UTAns, or Utes, Indian tribe, XVI. 235. 
 
 Uterus (anatomy), XII. 568, 2 c. 
 
 Uther Pendragon , in British mythology, I. 
 781, 1 b. 
 
 Utica, ancient city of Africa, XVI. 236. 
 
 Utica, city of New York, XVI. 236. 
 Utilitarian principle , of government and 
 morals, II. 534, 2 be ; 535, 2 b. 
 
 Utlatecas [oot-la-ta'-kas]: see QuicnEs. 
 Utopia, political romance, XVI. 237; XV. 
 140, 1 b. 
 
 Utraquists : see Calixtines, III. 618, 1 c. 
 Utrecht [yu'-trekt; Dutch, u 7 -tre k ht], province 
 of the Netherlands, XVI. 237. Capital, 1 c. 
 History, 2 b. Treaty of, ib. ; VII. 384, 1 a. 
 Union of, XII. 247, 2 b. 
 
 Utriculakia, genus of plants, XVI. 237 (ill.). 
 U. neglecta, 238, 1 c; vulgaris, 2 a (ill.). 
 
768 
 
 UTTMANN 
 
 VALENTI A 
 
 Uttmann , Barbara [oot'-man], (1514—’75), sup¬ 
 posed inventor of pillow lace, X. 77, 2 b. 
 Uval'de [Sp. oo-val'-da], county, XVI. 238. 
 Uvalde, county seat, XVI. 239, 1 a. 
 
 Uvaeoff, Sergei Semenovitch, count [oo-va'- 
 rof], Russian statesman, XVI. 239. 
 
 Hvea, pigment layer of the eye, VII. 46, 1 be. 
 Uvi [oo'-ve], Feejeean plant, VII. 110, 1 b. 
 
 U'vttla (anatomy), XVI. 239; XII. 817,1 c (ill.). 
 TJ'wins, Thomas, English painter, XVI. 239. 
 Uxbridge , earl of: see Anglesey, marquis of. 
 Uxmal, ruins of [oox-maT], XVI. 800, 1 b. 
 Uz'becks, people of Turkistan, XVI. 239 ; 67, 
 1 c-2 a, 69, 2 a; II. 799,1 ab ; XV. 575, 2 c •„ 
 IX. 820, 2 c. 
 
 Uzziah : see Hebkews, VIII. 588, 2 c. 
 
 y 
 
 V, a letter, XVI. 239. In ancient Italy, 1 c. 
 In Hebrew and probably Phoenician, 2 c. 
 Origin of its present form, ib. Interchanges, 
 ib. As a numeral, 240, 1 a. On old French 
 coins, ib. See U. 
 
 Vaagmeer [vag'-mair], fish, XIV. 306, 2 a. 
 
 Vaca, CabeQa de : see Nunez, Alvar. 
 
 Vacca (Francesco Vacca Berlinghieri, professor 
 at Pisa, died 1812), his theory of inflamma¬ 
 tion, IX. 275, 1 ab. 
 
 Vaccaj, Nicold [vak-kl], Italian composer, 
 XVI. 240. 
 
 Vac'caeo, Andrea, Italian painter, XVI. 240. 
 
 Vaccination, XVI. 240. Its value as a pro¬ 
 tection against smallpox, 1 c. Introduction 
 and spread of: see Jennee, Edward, and 
 Caeeo, Jean de. 
 
 Vaccinium (botany), XVI. 612, 2 be; 613, 1 c. 
 V. vitis Idaea, 2 a (ill.) ; Pennsylvanicum, 2 c; 
 vacillans, 614, 1 a; corymbosum, 1 b (ill.); 
 macrocarpon, V. 456, 2 a; oxycoccus, ib .; 
 myrtillus (ill.), II. 633. 
 
 Vacheeot, Etienne [vash-ro], French philoso¬ 
 pher, XVI. 240. 
 
 Vacoa, or vacoua [va-kwa], plant, XIII. 37, 1 a; 
 XI. 291, 2 c. 
 
 Vacuum , nature's abhorrence of a , in the old 
 philosophy, II. 325, 1 c. 
 
 Vacuum case barometer , II. 329, 2 a. Becker’s 
 improvement of it, 330, 1 b. 
 
 Vacuum line , in the steam engine, XV. 350, 2 b. 
 
 Vacuum pans , in sugar making, XV. 447, 1 c. 
 
 Vacuum process , in tanning, X. 275, 1 b. 
 
 Vadakar , tribe of India, IX. 215, 2 c. 
 
 Vadmel [vad'-mel] (or wadmal), woollen fabric 
 of Iceland, IX. 152, 1 c. 
 
 Va'ga , river : see Medway. 
 
 Vaga, Perino del [va'-ga], Italian painter, 
 XVI. 241. 
 
 Vagi’na (anatomy), XII. 568, 2 c. 
 
 Vageant, in law, XVI. 241. 
 
 Vai$eshika system [vi-sa'-she-ka], in Hindoo 
 philosophy, IX. 227, 2 c. 
 
 Vaillant, Francois Le : see Le Vaillant. 
 Vair, in heraldry, VIII. 671, 2 b. 
 
 Vaisyas [vice'-yas], Hindoo caste, IX. 206, 2 c; 
 225, 2 c ; 230, 2 b. 
 
 Valais [va-la], Swiss canton, XVI. 241. 
 Valckenaee, Lodewijk Casper [val'-keh-nar], 
 Dutch scholar, XVI. 241. Jan, statesman, 2 c. 
 Valdegamas, Marquis de: see Donoso Coetes. 
 Valdez : see Melendez Valdez. 
 
 Val di JVoto, town of Sicily, XII. 518, 2 be. 
 Valdivia [val-de'-ve-a], province of Chili, XVI. 
 
 242. Capital city, 1 b. 
 
 Valdivia , Pedro de , conqueror and governor 
 of Chili (1540-’59), IV. 431, 2 a; XVI. 
 
 242, 1 be. 
 
 Vale of Bed Horse , VI. 404, 1 c. 
 
 Valence [va-la ng ce], town of France, XVI. 242. 
 Va'lence , chemical atomicity, II. 88, 2 a; 
 groups of, ib. 
 
 Valencia, county, XVI. 242. 
 
 Valencia [Sp. va-lain'-the-a], ancient kingdom 
 of Spain, XVI. 242. Province, 2 c. Capi¬ 
 tal city, 243, 1 a. 
 
 Valencia, city of Venezuela, XVI. 243. 
 Valencia , county seat, XVI. 242, 2 a. 
 
 Valencia , sea of XI. 353, 2 c. 
 
 Valenciana , silver mine of Mexico, VIII. 279, 
 1 c ; XV. 55, 2 be. 
 
 Valencian dialect , XIV. 39, 2 c. 
 
 Valenciennes [va-len-se-enz'; Fr. va-la ng -se- 
 en], town of France, XVI. 243. Valen¬ 
 ciennes lace, X. 78, 2 b. 
 
 Valenciennes, Achille, French naturalist, XVI. 
 
 243. 
 
 Val'ens, Flavius, Roman emperor, XVI. 244. 
 Valentia , in France: see Valence; in Spain: 
 
 see Valencia, XVI. 243, 1 a. 
 
 Valentia , ancient province of Scotland, XIV. 
 704, 1 b. 
 
VALENTIN 
 
 VAMPIRE 
 
 769 
 
 Valentin, Gabriel Gustav [fA-len-teen'], Ger¬ 
 man physiologist, XVI. 244. 
 
 Val'entine, Saint, XVI. 244. St. Valentine’s 
 day, 1 be. Origin of the custom, ib. 
 Valentinian, three Roman emperors, XVI. 
 244. Flavius, 2 a. Flavius, his son, 2 b. 
 Placidius, 2 c. 
 
 Valentinians, Gnostic sect: see Gnostics, 
 VIII. 54, 1 c (Valentinus). 
 
 Valentinois, Duchess of [va-la ng -te-nwa]: see 
 Diana of Poitiers. Duke of: see Borgia, 
 Cesare, III. 94, 2 ab. 
 
 Valenti'nus , a Gnostic, VIII. 54, 1 c. 
 
 Valeria , Roman province, XIII. 88, 2 b. 
 Valerian, plant, XVI. 245 (ill.). Edible vale¬ 
 rian, 1 be ; medicinal, 1 c. Medical use, 2 c. 
 Valerian (Publius Licinius Valerianus), Roman 
 emperor, XVI. 245. 
 
 Valeriana (botany), XVI. 245,1 ab. V. edulis, 
 1 be; paucillora, sylvestris, officinalis (ill.), 
 and pbu, 1 c. 
 
 Valerianates , XVI. 246, 2 a, ff. 
 
 Valerianic Acid, XVI. 246. 
 
 Valerianic ethers , XVI. 246, 2 be. 
 
 Valerian laws , Roman, referred to, III. 755,1 c. 
 Valeric acid: see Valerianic Acid. 
 
 Valerius Corvus, Marcus, Roman general, 
 XVI. 246. 
 
 Valerius Flaccus, Caius, Latin poet, XVI. 
 247; X. 197, 1 c. 
 
 Valerius Maximus, Roman author, XVI. 247; 
 X. 196, 2 a. 
 
 Valerius Poplicola: see Publicola, and III. 
 755, 1 be ; VI. 92, 2 a. 
 
 Valerius Publicola : see Publicola, and Va¬ 
 lerius Poplicola (Index). 
 
 Valesians , fanatical sect, VI. 776, 2 b. Va- 
 lesius, its founder, ib. 
 
 Valetta, seaport town of Malta, XVI. 247 
 (view). University of, 215, 1 ab. 
 
 Valette, Jean Parisot de La [la va-let], knigbt 
 of Malta, XVI. 248. 
 
 Valhalla : see Mythology, XII. 120, 1 b. 
 Valiha , musical instrument, X. 812, 1 a. 
 Valkyr'ies, in Scandinavian mythology, XII. 
 581, 1 b; 120, 1 b. 
 
 Valla, Lorenzo, Italian scholar, XVI. 248. 
 Valladolid' [Sp. va-lya-£Ao-lee£7i'], province 
 of Spain, XVI. 248. Capital city, 2 a. 
 Valladolid, city of Mexico: see Morelia. 
 Valladolid, town of Mexico, XVI. 248. 
 Valladolid, Honduras: see Comayagua, V. 
 133, 1 c. 
 
 Vallandigham , Clement L. [val-lan'-de-gam], 
 
 49 
 
 (1822—’71, lawyer, M. C. 1857-’G3), arrest 
 of, X. 494, 2 b. 
 
 Vallauri, Tommaso [val-low'-re], Italian phi¬ 
 lologist, XVI. 248. 
 
 Valle, Pietro della [val'-la], Italian traveller, 
 XVI. 248. 
 
 Valle Grande [va'-lya gran'-da], in Bolivia, 
 III. 12, 2 c. 
 
 Valle's lead mine , X. 254, 1 a (twice). 
 
 Valley, county, XVI. 249. 
 
 Valley Forge , Washington’s encampment at, 
 XVL 158, 2 b; 487, 1 b. 
 
 Valley of Ilinnom, IX. 612, 2 b. 
 
 Valley of the Inn: see Engadine. 
 
 Valley of Ipsaca, Sicily, XI. 691, 1 b. 
 
 Valley of Jelioshaphat , at Jerusalem, IX. 599, 
 2 c; 612, 2 ab. 
 
 Valley of Shaveh , Palestine, IX. 620, 1 ab. 
 
 “ Valley of Wormwood ,” II. 573,1 b (Bernard). 
 ValliSre, Mile, de La: see La VALLikRE. 
 Vallisneria, genus of plants, XVI. 249. V. 
 
 spiralis (Americana), 1 c (ill.); III. 733, 1 be. 
 Vallisnieri, Antonio [val-lis-nya'-re], Italian 
 naturalist, XVI. 249. On spontaneous gener¬ 
 ation,VI. 560, 2 ab. On fossils, VII. 688,1 c. 
 Vallombrosa, abbey of Italy, XVI. 249. Val* 
 lombrosians, 2 c. 
 
 Valmore, Marceline Fffiicite Josephe Desbor- 
 des, French authoress, XVI. 250. 
 
 Valmy , battle of VI. 311, 2 ab; IX. 783,1 ab. 
 Valois , Felix of: see Felix. 
 
 Valois, House of [va-lwa], XVI. 250. 
 
 Valonia : see Oak, XII. 558, 1 be. Valonia 
 oak, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Valparaiso [val-pa-ri'-so], province of Chili, 
 XVI. 250. Capital city, 1 c (view). 
 Valparaiso , county seat, XIII. 723, 1 a. 
 Valtellina [val-tel-le'-na], valley of Lombar¬ 
 dy, XVI. 251. Valtellina massacre, 1 c. 
 Valve , throttle , of steam engine, XV. 341, 1 c. 
 Screw stop valve, ib. Valve gear, 2 b ; Ste¬ 
 vens valve gear, 345, 1 ab. Giving lead to 
 the valve, 347, 1 b ; to give lap to, ib. Zeu- 
 ner’s valve diagram, 1 be. 
 
 Valve cock , Hare's, VIII. 458, 2 c. 
 
 VaVvulce conniven'tes (anatomy), IX. 323, 2 ab. 
 Valvular lesions , of the heart, VIII. 562, 1 c. 
 Vambery, Arminius [vam'-ba-re], Hungarian 
 traveller, XVI. 251; II. 800, 1 a, 2 be. 
 Vam'pire, in zoology: see Bat, II. 378, 2 
 (ill.) ; III. 14, 2 c; V. 635, lb; XI. 59, 2 c. 
 Vampire of the ocean, VI. 55, 2 a. 
 
 Vampire, fabulous, XVI. 251. 
 
 Vampire cells: see Protoplasm, XIV. 35, 2 be. 
 
770 
 
 YAMPIRUS 
 
 VAHNUCCIII 
 
 Vampi’rus (zoology), II. 378, 1 c, 2 a. Y. spec¬ 
 trum, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Van, town of Turkish Armenia, XYI. 251. 
 Lake, 252, 1 b. 
 
 Van'adates (chemistry), XYI. 252, 2 c. 
 
 Yana'die anhydride , XYI. 252, 2 ab, b; acid, 
 253, 1 a. 
 
 Vanad'inite , ore, XYI. 252, 1 c. 
 
 Van'adis , goddess, XVI. 252, 1 c. 
 
 Vanadium, metal, XYI. 252. 
 
 Vanayl de Yongh : see Saint-Elme. 
 
 Van Beneden, Prof., on the king crab, IX. 
 838, 2 b. Grouping of mollusks, XI. 51, 
 1 be. Classification of batrachians and rep¬ 
 tiles, VIII. 694, 2 a; of fishes (embryologi- 
 cal system), IX. 161, 2 a; of mammals, XI. 
 81, 1 be; of birds, XII. 707, 2 ab. 
 
 Van Berkel , Dutch negotiator, I. 88, 2 be 
 (Adams). See Laurens, X. 209, 2 c. 
 Vanbrugh, Sir John [van-broo'], English 
 dramatist, XYI. 253. 
 
 Van Buren, name of four counties, XYI. 253. 
 Van Buren , county seats, IY. 35, 1 c ; Y. 465, 
 
 1 c. 
 
 Van Buren, Martin, president of the United 
 States, XYI. 253. Albany regency, 254, 1 a. 
 On the elective franchise, 1 ab; of colored 
 citizens, 1 b. His rejection as minister to 
 England, ib. ; IX. 492, 1 c. Elected presi¬ 
 dent, XVI. 254, 1 c. Independent treasury, 
 
 2 c. Presidential canvass of 1840, 255, 1 a. 
 Opposition to the annexation of Texas, 1 c. 
 Candidate of the free democracy (anti-sla¬ 
 very), ib. Opposed to the dismemberment of 
 the Union, 2 b.—John, American lawyer, ib. 
 
 Vancouver, George, English navigator, XYI. 
 
 255. 
 
 Vancouver Island, XYI. 256. Antiquities, 
 2 b. History, ib. 
 
 Vandalia, town of Illinois, XVI. 256. 
 Vandals, ancient Germanic barbarians, XYI. 
 
 256. King of the Vandals, existing title, 
 IX. 834, 1 b. 
 
 Vandalusia : see Andalusia. 
 
 Vandamme, Dominique, count [va ng -dam], 
 French soldier, XYI. 257. 
 
 Vandemere' , county seat, XIII. 29, 2 be. 
 Van'derbilt, Cornelius, American capitalist, 
 XYI. 257. (Died 1877.) 
 
 Vanderbilt University, Tennessee, XYI. 258. 
 Vanderburgh, county, XYI. 258. 
 
 Van der Goes : see Goes, Hugo van der. 
 
 Van der Heyden, Jan [hi'-den], Dutch painter, 
 XYI. 258. 
 
 Vanderhey den's ferry, XYI. 12, 1 c (Troy). 
 
 Van der Hoeven : see IIoeven. His division 
 of molluscoids, XI. 724, 2 ab. Classifica¬ 
 tion of reptiles, VIII. 694, 2 b; of fishes, 
 IX. 161, 2 a; of birds, XII. 708, 1 c. 
 
 Van'derlyn, John, American painter, XYI. 
 
 258. 
 
 Van der Meer, Jan, the elder [mair], Dutch 
 painter, XYI. 259. Jan, the younger, 1 b. 
 
 Van der Meulen: see Meulen. 
 
 Yandervel'de, Adrian, Dutch painter, XYI. 
 
 259. Willem, the elder, painter, 1 be. Wil¬ 
 lem, the younger, 1 c. 
 
 Vandevelde: see Vandervelde. 
 
 Van Diemen’s Land : see Tasmania. 
 
 Van Byclc [dike]: see Vandyke. 
 
 Vandyke, Sir Anthony, Flemish painter, XYI. 
 259. His kindness to Dobson, YI. 165, 2 a. 
 
 Vane, of a feather, VII. 104, 1 a. 
 
 Vane, Charles William Stewart: see London¬ 
 derry, Marquis of. 
 
 Vane, Sir Henry, English statesman, XYI. 260. 
 
 Vane, Lady , referred to, XY. 126, 1 c. 
 
 Vanellus (ornithology), X. 165, 2 c. Y. cris- 
 tatus, 166, 1 be (ill.); Cayanensis, 1 c. 
 
 Van Erpen, Thomas: see Erpenius. 
 
 Vanessa (entomology), III. 498, 2 c. Y. Io, 
 499, 1 a (ill.) ; urticse, ib. ; cardui, 1 be ; An- 
 tiopa, 1 a, c (ill.); interrogationis, 2 b; com¬ 
 ma, 2 be ; progne, ib. 
 
 Vanessa: see Vanhomrigh (Index). 
 
 Van Eyck : see Eyck. 
 
 Van Helmont : see Helmont. His theory of 
 inflammation, IX. 274, 2 c. 
 
 Vanhomrigh, Hester (Vanessa), relations of 
 with Dean Swift, XY. 522,1 a, b. Bequest 
 of to Bishop Berkeley, II. 560, 1 c. 
 
 Van Horn, buccaneer, III. 375, 2 c. 
 
 Van Hove , Mile., wife of Talma, XY. 560, 1 b. 
 
 Vanilla, genus of orchids, XYI. 261. Y. 
 
 ^ planifolia, 1 be (ill.). Vanilla pods or beans, 
 1 c, 2 ab. Wild vanilla, 2 c. Attempts to 
 produce in the East Indies, XII. 673, 1 a. 
 
 Vanillic acid , XYI. 261, 2 b. 
 
 Vanilline [va-nil'-lin], XYI. 261, 2 b. 
 
 Vanini, Lucilio [va-ne'-ne], Italian philosopher, 
 XYI. 262. 
 
 Vanishing 'points, in a picture, YI. 251,1 a (ill.). 
 
 Van Lennep : see Lennep. 
 
 Yanloo, Jean Baptiste [va ng -lo], French painter, 
 XYI. 262. Charles Andre (Carle), 1 c. 
 
 Vannes [van], town of France, XVI. 262. 
 
 Van'ni, Francesco, Italian painter, XVI. 262. 
 
 Vannucchi: see Vanucchi (Index). 
 
VANNUCCI 
 
 VASILI 
 
 771 
 
 Vannuoci, Pietro [van-noot'-che]: see Peru- 
 gino. 
 
 Van OecTcelen's automaton, II. 156, 1 a. 
 
 Van Oort, Adam : see Oort. 
 
 Van Oost, Jacob, the elder [oast], Flemish 
 painter, XVI. 262. Jacob, the younger, 2 b. 
 Van Oosterzee, Jan Jacob [oas'-ter-za], Dutch 
 theologian, XVI. 262. 
 
 Van Os, Pieter Gerard [Sss], Dutch painter, 
 XVI. 262. 
 
 Vanozza , Rosa [va-not'-sa], mistress of Cardinal 
 Rodrigo Borgia (Pope Alexander VI.), I. 
 279, 2 c; 280, 1 a, b. 
 
 Van Rensselaer, Stephen (“the patroon”), 
 [ren'-se-ler], American statesman, XVI. 263. 
 Solomon, soldier, 1 c. Cortland, clergyman, 
 2 a. 
 
 Van Sohendel, Petrus [sken'-del], Belgian 
 painter, XVI. 263. 
 
 Vansittart, Nicholas, English statesman, XVI. 
 263. 
 
 Van Swieten : see Swieten. 
 
 Vanucchi [va-nook'-ke]: see Sarto, Andrea del. 
 Van Veen, Otho [vain], Flemish painter, XVI. 
 263. 
 
 Vanvitelli, Luigi, Italian architect, XVI. 263. 
 Van Wart, Isaac, one of Andre’s captors, I. 
 483, 1 ab. 
 
 Van Wert, county, XVI. 264. 
 
 Van Wert, county seat, XVI. 264, 1 b. 
 
 Van Zandt, county, XVI. 264. 
 
 Van Zandt , tried for harboring fugitive slaves: 
 see Chase, S. P., IV. 327, 1 b, and Seward, 
 W. II., XIV. 792, 2 b. 
 
 Vap : see Gap, VII. 617, 2 ab. 
 
 Vapereau, Louis Gustave [va-pro], French 
 author, XVI. 264. 
 
 Vapincum : see Gap. 
 
 Vapor: see Atmosphere, II. 81, 2 be; Boiling 
 Point ; Clouds ; Dew Dissociation, VI. 
 140, 1 be; Evaporation; Steam; Vapori¬ 
 zation (Index). Diffusion of, VII. 634, 1 be. 
 Expansion of, 32, 2 be. Chemical method 
 of extracting and weighing aqueous vapor, 
 IX. 133, 2 ab. 
 
 Vaporization, XVI. 264. Latent heat of, 
 VIII. 577, 1 be (ill.). 
 
 “ Vapors, the' 1 ' 1 (hysteria), IX. 139, 2 b. 
 
 Var, department of France, XVI. 266. 
 Varangians : see Northmen, XII. 498, 1 c; 
 Russia, XIV. 488, 2 c. 
 
 Vara'nus (zoology), XI. 748, 2 a. V. Niloticus, 
 749, 1 a (ill.); scincus, 1 b. 
 
 Varec, incinerated sea weed, II. 311, 2 c. 
 
 Vargas, Juan de, one of Alva’s blood council, 
 I. 370, 1 b. 
 
 Vargas, Luis de, Spanish-painter, XVI. 266. 
 
 Vari, species of lemur, X. 339, 1 be. 
 
 Variation, in mathematics: see Combinations, 
 V. 135, 2 ab. 
 
 Varicella: see Chicken Pox. 
 
 Varicocele' ’, disease, XVI. 266, 2 b. 
 
 Varicose Veins, XVI. 266. 
 
 Variety: see Species, XV. 234, 1 b. 
 
 Varinas : see Barinas. 
 
 Variola: see Smallpox, XV. 109, 2 b. V. 
 confluens, 110, 2 b ; discreta, ib. 
 
 Va'rioloid, disease, XVI. 267; 240, 2 a. 
 
 Varix, XVI. 283, 2 ab; I. 491, 1 c. See 
 Varicose Veins. 
 
 Varna, town of Bulgaria, XVI. 267. Battle 
 of, 1 c; I. 446, 2 be. 
 
 Varnhagen von Ense, Karl August Ludwig 
 Philipp [farn'-ha-ghen fon en'-seh], German 
 author, XVI. 267. Rahel Levin, 1 ab, ff. 
 
 Varnish, XVI. 267. Ether varnishes, 268,1 ab; 
 spirit, 1 b, XIV. 277, 2 b ; volatile-oil, XVI. 
 268, 2 a; fixed-oil, 2 ab. Other kinds, 2 c. 
 Recipes, 269, 1 b. Liquid resins, 2 a. Cre¬ 
 mona varnish, 364, 2 c. 
 
 Varnish tree, IX. 532, 1 be; XVI. 269, 2 a. 
 
 Varo'li, Costanzo, Italian anatomist, XVI. 269. 
 
 Varro, Marcus Terentius (Reatinus), Roman 
 scholar, XVI. 269; X. 194, 2 c. 
 
 Varro, Publius Terentius (Atacinus), Latin 
 author, XVI. 270 ; X. 194, 2 b. 
 
 Vartabeds, Armenian priests, I. 725, 1 c. 
 
 Vanina, Hindoo deity, IX. 223, 2 be. 
 
 Varus, Publius Quintilius: see Arminius, I. 
 729, 1 c-2 a. 
 
 Vas [vosh], county of Hungary, XVI. 270. 
 
 Vasa [va'-sa], government of Finland, XVI. 
 270. Capital, 1 be. 
 
 Vasa, Gustavus: see Gustavus I. Mission 
 among the Lapps founded by, XI. 640, 1 ab. 
 
 Vasa deferentia (anatomy), alluded to, II. 686, 
 2 ab. 
 
 Vasarhely [va'-shar-hely’], town of Hungary, 
 XVI. 270. 
 
 Vasari, Giorgio [va-za'-re], Italian artist, XVI. 
 270; IX. 462, 1 b. 
 
 Vasco, Miguel de, buccaneer, III. 375, 2 a. 
 
 Vasco da Gama : see Gama. 
 
 Vasconcellos, Diego de, Portuguese officer, I. 
 258, 2 c. 
 
 Vascones [vas'-ko-neez], (Basques), ancient 
 Spanish tribe, VII. 641, 1 b. 
 
 Vasili [va-se'-le]: see Eukotas. 
 
772 
 
 VASILOPOTAMOS 
 
 VEGETATIVE 
 
 Vasilopot’amos (Eurotas), X. 83, 2 ab. 
 
 Vasquez , Jose [vas-kaitk'J, nom de plume, III. 
 535, 1 a. 
 
 Vassar, county seat, XVI. 84, 2 b. 
 
 Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, XVI. 270 (ill.). 
 Vasu [va-soo'J, sister’s son (Feejee),VII. 111,2c. 
 Vasvdr [vosk'-var]: see Vas. 
 
 Vdta [va'-ta], Hindoo deity, IX. 224, 1 b. 
 
 Vdtch , Hindoo deity, IX. 224, 2 c. 
 
 Vatel , celebrated cook, referred to, V. 300, 1 c. 
 Vater, Johann Severin [fa'-ter], German lin¬ 
 guist, XVI. 271. 
 
 Vatican, papal palace at Rome, XVI. 271. 
 Museum, 272, 2 a; picture gallery, 2 c; 
 library, ib. 
 
 Vatican, Council of the, XVI. 273. Contro¬ 
 versy respecting the definition of papal in¬ 
 fallibility, 2 b. “ Coblentz Address,” 274, 
 1 c. Papal letter regulating the council, 2 c. 
 Question of infallibility introduced, 275, 2 be; 
 the doctrine established, 277, 1 a. See In¬ 
 fallibility, IX. 265, 1 c. 
 
 Vatman, in paper making, XIII. 49, 1 a. 
 Vattel, Emmeric de, Swiss publicist, XVI. 
 
 277. On the law of nations, X. 223, 1 be. 
 Vattban, S6bastien Leprestre, marquis de [vo- 
 
 ba ng ], French military engineer, XVI. 277; 
 VII. 332, 1 c. 
 
 Vaucanson, Jacques de [vo-ka ng -so ng ], mechani¬ 
 cian, XVI. 277. His automata, ib. ; II. 155, 
 1 a, 2 a. 
 
 Vaucheria [vaw-ke'-re-a], (botany), I. 300, 1 b. 
 Vaucluse [vo-kliiz], department of France, 
 XVI. 278. Fountain of, 1 b. 
 
 Vatjd [vo], Swiss canton, XVI. 278. 
 Vaudeville [vo-duk-veel]: see Drama, VI. 
 
 247, 1 ab, and Basselin, Olivier. 
 
 Vaudois [vo-dwa]: see Waldenses. 
 Vaudreuil [Fr. vo-druy’], county of Canada, 
 XVI. 278. 
 
 Vaudreuil, French Canadian family, XVI. 
 
 278. Philippe de Rigaud, marquis de, gov¬ 
 ernor general, 2 be. Pierre de Rigaud, mar¬ 
 quis de, governor general, 2 c. Louis Phi¬ 
 lippe de Rigaud, marquis de, naval officer, 
 
 279. 1 a. 
 
 Vaughan, Henry [vaw'-an or vawn], British 
 poet, XVI. 279. 
 
 Vaughan, Robert, clergyman, XVI. 279. 
 Vaulabelle, Acliille Tenaille de [vo-la-b&l], 
 French historian, XVI. 279. fileonore de, 
 author, 2 b. 
 
 Vaunks : see Cape River. 
 
 Vauquelin, Louis Nicolas [vo-kla ng ], French 
 
 chemist, XVI. 279. See Chemistry, IV. 
 365, 1 c. 
 
 Vautier, Benjamin [vo-tya], Swiss painter, 
 XVI. 279. 
 
 Vaux, Pierre de [duh vo]: see "Waldenses. 
 Vaux-de- Vire [vo-duh-veer], drinking songs, 
 II. 371, 1 c. 
 
 Vauxhall bridge , London, X. 592, 1 be. 
 Vaux-Praslin [vo-prAla ng ], Fouquet’s chateau, 
 XI. 375, 1 c. 
 
 Vdyu [va'-yoo], Hindoo deity, IX. 223, 2 ab; 
 224, 1 b. 
 
 Vazimba , the , extinct race of Madagascar, X. 
 813, 1 c. 
 
 Ye [va], in Norse mythology, XII. 119, 2 b. 
 Yecchio , palazzo [pa-lat'-so vek'-kyo], in Flor¬ 
 ence, galleries of, VII. 276, 1 ab. 
 
 Yecellio , Tiziano [va-chel'-le-o] : see Titian. 
 Yectigalia , in Roman law, I. 192, 1 a. 
 
 Vectis, in obstetrics, XII. 570, 2 be. 
 
 Veda [va'-da], Bralimanic scriptures, XVI. 
 280; IX. 207, 1 a, 222, 1 c. Gods of the, 
 223, 2 a, ff. 
 
 Yeddngas , in Sanskrit literature, IX. 222, 2 be ; 
 XVI. 280, 1 b. 
 
 Yeddnta , in Sanskrit literature, IX. 222, 2 c; 
 227, 2 b, c; 229, 1 a. Vedanta-Sara, 227, 
 2 be, c. 
 
 Yeda- Yydsa [ va'-da-vya'-sa], legendary author 
 of the Vedas, IX. 227, 2 b. 
 
 Vedder, Elihu, American artist, XVI. 280. 
 Vega, Garcilaso de la: see Garcilaso de la 
 Vega. 
 
 Vega, Georg von, baron [fa'-ga], German 
 mathematician, XVI. 280. 
 
 Vega, Lope de [lo'-pa da va'-ga], (Lope Felix 
 de Vega Carpio), Spanish dramatist, XVI. 
 280 ; XV. 221, 2 b. 
 
 Yegetable butter , XII. 739, 1 a. 
 
 Vegetable egg: see Egg Plant. 
 
 Vegetable fibrine: see Gluten. 
 
 Yegetable insect wax , XVI. 515, 2 be. 
 Vegetable Ivory Tree : see Phytelephas. 
 Vegetable marrow , XV. 293, 2 c (Squash). 
 Vegetable matter , constituents of, I. 193, 2 a. 
 Source of its growth, 2 c, 194, 1 a. Varia¬ 
 ble in the soil, 195, 1 a. Natural growth, 
 ib .; artificial, ib. 
 
 Vegetables , forcing of IX. 7, 2 c. 
 
 Vegetable spermaceti , XVI. 515, 2 be. 
 Vegetation , in heart disease, VIII. 561, 2 c. 
 Vegetation , organs of X. 264,1 a; XIII. 576,1 a. 
 Vegetative functions , XII. 544, 2 be (Nutri¬ 
 tion). 
 
VEHICLE 
 
 VENICE 
 
 773 
 
 Vehicle, in painting, XII. 804, 2 b. 
 
 Vehm, the holy: see Veiimic Courts, XVI. 
 281, 1 c. 
 
 Veilingerichte [faim'-g£h-ri c h-t&h]: see Vehmic 
 Courts. 
 
 Vehmio Courts [va'-mik], XVI. 281. 
 
 Vehse, Karl Eduard [fa'-zSh], German histo¬ 
 rian, XVI. 282 . 
 
 Veii [ve'-yi], Etruscan city, XVI. 282. 
 
 Vein - , in mineralogy: see Mineral Deposits, 
 XI. 578, 1 b (ills.); Lead, X. 250, 2 ab. 
 Veins, in anatomy, XVI. 282. Pulmonary, 
 IV. 606, 2 c (ill., VIII. 557). Hepatic or 
 intralobular vein, X. 537, 2 a (ill.). Um¬ 
 bilical, 536, 2 c, 537, 1 ab; VI. 564, 2 c. 
 Movement of the blood in, IV. 609, 1 c. 
 Veins of leaves , X. 264, 2 a (ills.). 
 
 Vein stones , concretions in veins, XVI. 283, 2 b. 
 Veit, Philipp [fite], German painter, XVI. 283. 
 Vela, Vincenzo [va'-la], Italian sculptor, XVI. 
 284. 
 
 Velarium , awning, V. 110, 2 c. 
 
 Velasquez, Diego [va-las'-kaith], Spanish knight, 
 
 III. 567, 1 b. 
 
 Velasquez, Diego Rodriguez de Silva y, Span¬ 
 ish painter, XVI. 284. 
 
 Velde, Franz Karl van der [fan der fel'-deh], 
 German novelist, XVI. 284. 
 
 Velia, ancient city of Italy, XVI. 284. 
 
 Velino, falls of the [va-le'-no], XV. 660, 1 c. 
 Vel'itrce: see Velletri. 
 
 Velleia [vel-le'-ya], ancient Italian city, XIII. 
 487, 2 a. 
 
 Velleius Paterculus : see Paterculus. 
 Velletri [vel-la'-tre], town of Italy, XVI. 285. 
 Vellore', town of British India, XVI. 285. 
 Vellum : see Parchment, XIII. 73, 2 be. 
 Velocim'eter, for measuring velocity of pro¬ 
 jectiles, XVI. 285 (ills.); VIII. 324, 2 b. 
 Velocipede [ve-los'-e-peed], XVI. 286. 
 Velpeau, Alfred Armand Louis Marie [vel-po], 
 French surgeon, XVI. 286. 
 
 Veltellin [fel-tel-leen'J: see Valtellina. 
 Velum interpositum, of the brain, III. 188, 2 b. 
 Velum palati, XII. 817, 1 b (Palate). 
 
 Velvet, XVI. 287. 
 
 Velvet , of the deer, V. 759, 2 b. “In the vel¬ 
 vet,” 756, 2 b. 
 
 Velvet Booh, Russian record of nobility, I. 294, 
 1 a. 
 
 Velveteen, XVI. 287, 1 b (Velvet). 
 
 Vena contractu: see Hydromechanics, IX. 122, 
 1 be (ill.). 
 
 Venaissin: see Comtat-Venaissin. 
 
 Venango, county, XVI. 287. 
 
 Vena porta, (anatomy), X. 536, 2 c ; 537,1 ab, b. 
 Venasque [vuh-nask], town of France (near 
 Carpentras), V. 195, 2 be. 
 
 Vendace, fish, XVI. 287. 
 
 Vendee, La [la va ng -da], department of France* 
 XVI. 288. Insurrection of, 1 b. 
 
 Vendee, the Little, insurgent body, IV. 520, 2 c. 
 Vendidad, division of the Zend-Avesta, XVI. 
 810, 2 a, c. 
 
 Ven'dita, III. 771, 1 c ; alte vendite, 2 a (Car¬ 
 bonari). 
 
 Vendome [va ng -dome], town of France, XVI. 
 288. 
 
 Vendome, Cesar, duke de, French prince, X\ I. 
 288. Francois de: see Beaufort, duke of. 
 Louis, duke de, 2 c. Louis Joseph, duke de, 
 general, 289, 1 a. 
 
 Venedey, Jakob [fa n&h-di'], German author, 
 XVI. 289. 
 
 Ven'edi, XVI. 552, 2 be (Wends). 
 
 Veneer', XVI. 289. Pressed work, 2 c. 
 Venera'cea (conchology), XV. 400, 2 a. 
 Ven'erie, stag hunting, XV. 302, 1 b. 
 
 Ven'eti, early Italian race, IX. 439, 1 a; XVI. 
 290, 1 b. 
 
 Venetia, in ancient geography, XVI. 290. In 
 modern, 1 c. 
 
 Venetian glass, VIII. 8, 2 a (ill., 9). Filigree 
 glass, 23, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Venezuela, United States of [ven-e-zu-e'-la; 
 Sp. va-na-swa'-la], XVI. 290 (map). Divi¬ 
 sions and population, 2 b. Coast line, 291, 
 
 1 a. Topography, 292, 1 b. Hydrography, 
 
 2 ab. Geology and minerals, 2 c. Climate, 
 293, 1 c. Flora, 2 b. Fauna, 294, 1 b. 
 Industries, 2 b. Commerce, 2 c. Govern¬ 
 ment, 295,1 c. Education, 2 ab. Religion, 
 2 b. History, 2 c. Origin of name, ib. 
 
 Veni : see Beni, department and river. 
 
 Veni, vidi, vici (I came, saw, conquered), Ce¬ 
 sar’s report, III. 542, 2 a. 
 
 Venice, province of Italy, XVI. 296. Capital 
 city, 2 ab. St. Mark’s place, 2 c (ill.). His¬ 
 tory, 299, 1 a. Marriage with the Adriatic, 
 298, 1 c, 299, 2 b; XIV. 337, 2 c: see Bu- 
 centaur. Bank of, II. 273,1 c ; XI. 736,1 a. 
 Venice, Gulf of, XVI. 300. 
 
 Venice, Little: see Arendal, and Venezuela, 
 XVI. 295, 2 c. 
 
 Venice, prince of, title of Eugene de Beauliar- 
 nais, II. 426, 2 a. 
 
 Venice of the Alps (Bern), II. 570, 2 a. 
 
 Venice of Asia (Serinagur), XIV. 776, 2 b. 
 
774 
 
 VENICE 
 
 VERIA 
 
 Venice point, lace, X. 77, 2 b. 
 
 Venice sumach , shrub, VII. 547, 1 c. 
 
 Venice turpentine , III. 264, 1 be; XVI. 77, 1 c. 
 Veni're, writ, IX. 723, 2 c. 
 
 Venius: see Van Veen. 
 
 Venloo [ven-lo'J, town of the Netherlands, 
 XVI. 300. 
 
 Venom, poisonous secretion, XVI. 300. 
 
 Venous hum , in chlorosis, IV. 504, 2 a. 
 
 Venta Belgarum: see Winchester, England. 
 
 T entidius (P. Ventidius Bassus), Roman gen¬ 
 eral, XIII. 136, 1 a. 
 
 Ventilation : see Warming and Ventilation. 
 Ventilator of the Hartz, II. 746, 2 c. 
 
 Ventricles of the heart, VIII. 557,1 b; 558, 2 b. 
 Ventricular valves, VIII. 558, 1 a, c. 
 Ventriloquism, XVI. 301. How effected, 2 ab. 
 Ventura, county, XVI. 302. 
 
 \entura de Raulica, Gioacchino [ven-too'- 
 ra da row'-le-ka], (Father Ventura), Italian 
 pulpit orator, XVI. 302. See Philosophy, 
 
 XIII. 445, 1 b. 
 
 Venus, in mythology, XVI. 302. Worship and 
 temple of at Paphos, XIII. 53, 2 c. 
 
 Venus, planet, XVI. 303. Phases of, first 
 discovered by Galileo, VII. 567, 2 b. Tran¬ 
 sits of, predicted by Kepler, IX. 808, 2 c; 
 first observed by Horrox, VIII. 824, 1 b. 
 See Transit, and Rittenhouse, XIV. 348,1 a. 
 Venus Anadyomene ,‘ painting of Apelles, I. 
 
 581, 1 c. See Anadyomene. 
 
 Venus of Arles, statue, I. 718, 2 b. 
 
 Venus of the Capitol, referred to, III. 757, 1 ab; 
 
 XIV. 415, 2 a. 
 
 Venus Cloacina, IV. 695, 1 c. 
 
 Venus Erycina, temple of, XIII. 381, 1 b. 
 Venus de ’ Medici, statue, XVI. 303, 1 a; VII. 
 276, 1 b. 
 
 Venus mercenaria (mollusca), IV. 629, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 V. verrucosa (ill.), V. 199, 1 b. 
 
 Venus of Milo : see Melos, XI. 374, 2 b; XIV. 
 
 696, 1 ab ; 719, 2 b; XVI. 303,1 a. 
 
 Venus’s Flower Basket, sponge,XVI.305 (ill.). 
 Venus’s Fly Trap : see Dionhsa, VI. 122, 2 b. 
 Venus’s Girdle, jelly fish, XVI. 305 (ill.). 
 Venus urania : see Urania. 
 
 Venus Victrix, XIV. 719, 2 b. See Venus of 
 Milo (Index). 
 
 Vera, Augusta: see Philosophy, XIII. 445,1 b. 
 (A. Vera, professor of philosophy in many 
 French colleges ; writings chiefly in French, 
 but some in Italian and English.) 
 
 Vera Cruz [va'-ra krooce], state of Mexico, 
 XVI. 305. City, 306, 1 a (view). 
 
 Vera Cruz, county seat, VI. 222, 1 a. 
 
 Veratria: see Veratrine. 
 
 Veratrine [ve-ra'-trin], organic base, XVI. 307. 
 
 Veratrum: see Hellebore, VIII. 621, 2 a. 
 
 Verbanus, Lacus: see Lago Maggiore. 
 
 Verbascum thapsus (botany), XII. 30, 1 be 
 (ill., 31); blattaria, 31, 1 c; lychnitis, ib .; 
 Chaixii, 2 a. 
 
 Verbena, genus of plants, XVI. 307. V. ur- 
 ticifolia (nettle-leaved verbena), 2 c; hastata 
 (blue), ib. ; officinalis (European), ib. ; Au- 
 bletia (Rocky mountain), 308, 1 a. Hybrid 
 garden verbenas, ib. (ills., 307, 308). V. 
 cliamsedrifolia, phlogifolia, and teucrioides, 
 ib. Sweet-scented or lemon verbena, 2 a. 
 Extract of verbena, X. 337, 2 a. 
 
 Verbena’cea:, XV. 602, 2 be; XVI. 307, 2 ab. 
 
 Verboeckhoven, Eugene Joseph [vair-book'- 
 ho-ven], Belgian painter, XVI. 308. Charles 
 Louis, painter, 2 b. 
 
 Vercellce: see Vercelli. 
 
 Vercelli [vair-chel'-le], city of Italy, XVI. 
 308. Raudian fields, 309, 1 a. 
 
 VERcnkRES [vair-shair'J, county of Canada, 
 XVI. 309. 
 
 Vercheres, county seat, XVI. 309, 1 ab. 
 
 Vercinget'orix , Gallic chief, I. 273, 1 ab; VII. 
 648, 2 c. 
 
 Vekd, Cape: see Cape Verd. 
 
 Vekd Antique: see Marble, XI. 145, 2 c, 
 147, 2 c, 148, 1 a. 
 
 Verdea [vair-da'-a], green wine, IX. 468, 2 b. 
 
 Verdi, Giuseppe [vair'-de], Italian composer, 
 XVI. 309; XII. 92, 2 b. 
 
 Verdigris [ver'-de-greece]: see Copper, V. 
 319, 1 ab; I. 61, 2 b. 
 
 Verditer, a pigment, V. 319, 1 ab ; II. 757,1 b. 
 
 Verdun [vair-dii ng ], town of France, XVI. 309; 
 VII. 379, 2 c; IV. 284, 2 c. 
 
 Vere, Sir Aubrey de, Irish poet, XVI. 310. 
 Aubrey Thomas de, author, 1 a. 
 
 Verenabad [fa-ra'-na-bat], hot spring, II. 211,1 a. 
 
 Verge, of watch escapement, IV. 701, 1 ab (ill.). 
 
 Vergennes [ver-jenz'], city, Vermont, XVI. 310. 
 
 Vergennes, Charles Gravier, count de [vair- 
 zhSn], French statesman, XVI. 310; I. 88, 
 1 be, ff. 
 
 Vergil, Polydore, English historian, XVI. 310. 
 
 Vekgniaud, Pierre Victurnien [vair-nye-o], 
 French revolutionist, XVI. 310. 
 
 Verhuel, Admiral [vair'-oo-el], (1754-1845; 
 peer of France 1819), reputed father of Na¬ 
 poleon III., III. 48, 2 ab; II. 427, 1 c. 
 
 Vekia [va-re'-a], Turkish town, XVI. 311. 
 
VERIFY 
 
 VESANTARA 
 
 775 
 
 Verina, Byzantine empress, II. 3G4, 1 b. 
 Vermejo : see Beemejo. 
 
 Veemicelli: see Macaeoni. 
 
 Vermiform appendix (anatomy), III. 539, 2 a. 
 Veemigli, Pietro Martire [vair-me'-lye], Italian 
 reformer, XYI. 311. 
 
 Veemilion: see Cinnabae, IY. 599, 1 c, GOO, 
 
 1 a. Adulteration of, 1 c. 
 
 Veemilion, three counties, XYI. 311. 
 
 Vermilion , county seat, IY. 651, 2 c. 
 Vermilionville , county seat, X. 93, 1 c. 
 Vermillion : see Veemilion. 
 
 Veemont, state, XYI. 311. State seal (ill.), 
 312. Population, 1 b. Topography, 2 b. 
 Hydrography, 2 be. Geology, 313, 1 a. 
 Minerals, 1 c. Natural curiosities, 2 be. 
 Climate, 2 c. Flora and fauna, 314, 1 a. 
 Agriculture, 1 b. Pisciculture, 2 ab. Manu¬ 
 factures, 2 b. Commerce, 315, 1 a. Inter¬ 
 communication, 2 a. Banks, &c., 1 c. Gov¬ 
 ernment, ib. Finances, 316, 1 b. Public 
 institutions, 2 a. Education, 2 be. Libra¬ 
 ries, newspapers, &c., 317, 2 b. Religious 
 organizations, 2 c. History, ib. 
 
 Veemont, University of : see Buklington, III. 
 461, 1 a. 
 
 Vermont boy calculator , XIY. 516, 2 c. 
 
 Veene, Jules [vairn], French author, XYI. 319. 
 Veenet [vair-na], family of French painters, 
 XYI. 319. Antoine, 2 a. Claude Joseph 
 (Joseph Yernet), 2 b. Antoine Charles Ho¬ 
 race (Carle Yernet), 2 c. Jean Emile Horace 
 (Horace Yernet), 320, 1 a. 
 
 Vemeuil, marchioness de [vair-niiy’]: see En- 
 teagues. Gaston Henri de, YI. 671, 2 b. 
 Veenieb [ver'-ne-er], instrument for subdivi¬ 
 ding divisions of a scale, XYI. 320 (ill.). 
 Vernier, Peter [vair-nya], (of Burgundy, 1580- 
 1637), inventor, XYI. 321, 1 ab. 
 
 Veenon, three counties, XYI. 321. 
 
 Vernon, county seats, IX. 483, 1 b; 604, 2 b; 
 
 XIY. 602, 1 b; XYI. 474, 1 c. 
 
 Veenon, Edward, English admiral, XYI. 321. 
 Veenon, Robert, English collector of paint¬ 
 ings, XYI. 321. 
 
 Verodu'num : see Yeedun. 
 
 Veeon, Louis Desire [va-ro ng ], French journal¬ 
 ist, XYI. 321. 
 
 Yeeon, Pierre, French writer, XYI. 322. 
 Veeona [va-ro'-na], province of Italy, XYI. 
 
 322. Capital city, 2 a (view). Congress of, 
 
 323, 2 a. 
 
 Veeonese, Paul [va-ro-na'-za] : see Cagliaei, 
 Paolo. 
 
 Veron'ica, $£.,her miraculous portrait of Christ, 
 IY. 523, 1 c. 
 
 Veeplanck, Gulian Crommelin, American au¬ 
 thor, XYI. 323. 
 
 Verports, Incomparable , XYI. 26, 2 ab (Tulip). 
 Verrazani: see Veeeazzano. 
 
 Veeeazzano, Giovanni da [vair-rat-sa'-no], 
 Florentine navigator, XYI. 323. 
 
 Yee'ees, Roman governor, XYI. 324. Cicero’s 
 orations against, IY. 574, 2 ab. 
 
 Verria: see Y eeia. 
 
 Verriani, Roman calendar, YII. 93, 2 c. 
 
 Verrill, Prof, (of Yale College), his classifica¬ 
 tion of polyps, XIII. 689, 2 a. 
 
 Yeeeocchio, Andrea [vair-rok'-ke-o], Italian 
 artist, XYI. 324. 
 
 Yeesailles [ver-sailz'; Fr. vair-say’], city of 
 France, XYI. 324. Convention of, YII. 
 398, 2 b. Peace of, 399,1 ab; 760,1 b, 2 a. 
 Versailles , county seats, XI. 827, 2 b; XIY. 
 
 346, 2 a; XYI. 708, 2 a. 
 
 Verses , in Greek New Testament, origin of, XY. 
 
 373, lb; II. 612, 1 b. 
 
 Version, in obstetrics, XII. 570, 2 b. 
 
 Verst, Russian mile, XIY. 487, 1 a. 
 
 Vert, in heraldry, YIII. 671, 2 a. 
 
 Vert de Ouignet [vair dull ghe-nya], pigment, 
 IY. 555, 1 c. 
 
 Yee'tebea : see Skeleton, XY. 77,1 b ; Com- 
 paeative Anatomy, Y. 173, 1 a, ff.; and 
 Philosophical Anatomy. 
 
 Vertebrce, cranial, Oken’s theory of, XIII. 422, 
 2 b; Goethe’s, 423, 1 b. 
 
 Yeetebea'ta, branch of the animal kingdom, 
 XYI. 325. 
 
 Yeetigo, in pathology, XYI. 325. 
 
 Yeetnee, Rosa (Jeffrey), American authoress, 
 XYI. 326. 
 
 Yeetot, Ren6 Aubert de [vair-to], French his¬ 
 torian, XVI. 326. 
 
 IYr^a<iw[vair-tu-ga-da ng ]: seeFAETHiNGALE. 
 
 Vebtumnus, god of the seasons, XYI. 326. 
 Verulam, baron: see Bacon, Francis. 
 
 Verulia (ornithology), XIII. 506, 2 a. Y. ca- 
 runculata, ib. 
 
 Vebus, Lucius: see Antoninus, Marcus Au¬ 
 relius, I. 574, 1 c, 2 a. Marcus Annius, 1 c. 
 Veevain: see Yeebena. 
 
 Yeeviees [vair-vya], town of Belgium, XYI. 
 
 326. 
 
 Vervins [vair-va ng ], treaty of, YII. 383, 1 a. 
 Vesalius, Andreas, Flemish physician, XYI. 
 326. 
 
 Vesantara, Buddhist legend of, III. 400, 1 c. 
 
776 
 
 YESICA 
 
 YICQ D’AZYR 
 
 
 Vesi'ca urina'ria (anatomy), II. 686, 1 b. 
 Vesic'ula a'eris, in the bird’s egg, VI. 450, 2 b. 
 Vesiculce semina'les , alluded to, II. 686, 2 ab. 
 Vesicular stomati'tis, III. 703, 1 ab. 
 
 Vesir [va-zeer'J: see Vizier. 
 
 Vesontio: see Besanqon, II. 590, 1 c. 
 
 Vesoul [vuh-zool], town of France, XYI. 326. 
 Vespa (entomology), XYI. 492, 2 c. Y. vul¬ 
 garis, 493, 1 a (ill.); Britannica, 2 b; cra- 
 bro, VIII. 823, 1 c; maculata, 2 c. 
 Vespasian, Roman emperor, XVI. 827. 
 A 7 espers, daily evening service, XYI. 327. 
 Vespert\lio (zoology), II. 376, 2 c (ill., Y. com¬ 
 munis). 
 
 Vespiary , wasp nests, XVI. 493, 1 a. 
 
 Vespucci, Amerigo [a-ma-re'-go ves-poot'-che], 
 Italian navigator, XYI. 327. Iiis voyage to 
 Brazil referred to, III. 231, 1 b. 
 
 Vessels, in plants, XIII. 579, 1 a. 
 
 Vesta, goddess, XVI. 328. 
 
 Vesta , asteroid, II. 38, 2 b. 
 
 Vestalia , festival, XYI. 328, 1 c. 
 
 Vestal Virgins, priestesses ofVesta, XVI. 328. 
 Vestris, family of dancers, XVI. 328 ; II. 244, 
 1 ab. Angiolo Maria Gasparo, XVI. 328, 2 c. 
 Gaetano Apollino Baldassare, ib. Marie Au¬ 
 guste (Vestris-Allard, or Vestris II.), 329,1 a. 
 Auguste Armand, 1 b. Madame (Barto- 
 lozzi), ib. 
 
 Vesunna: see Perigueux. 
 
 Vesuvian , mineral, IX. 176, 1 be. 
 
 Vesuvian salt , XIII. 761, 1 c. 
 
 Vesuvius, volcano of Italy, XVI. 329 (map, 
 330). Eruption of 472, X. 350, 1 a. 
 Veszpr:em [ves'-praim], county of Hungary, 
 XVI. 330. 
 
 Veta [va'-ta], sickness, III. 14, 1 b; XIII. 338, 
 
 1 a. 
 
 Vetch, plant, XVI. 331 (ill.). Leaf of, X. 266, 
 
 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Veterinary schools , VI. 431, 1 c. 
 
 Veterinary Science, XVI. 331. Epizootic 
 influenza, 2 b. Strangles, or distemper, 332, 
 
 2 b. Diseases of bones, 333, 1 a; spavins, 
 
 1 c; splints, 2 b; ringbones, 334,1 a. Shoe¬ 
 ing and diseases of the feet, 1 c; navicular 
 disease, 2 c; founder, 335, 2 a; corns, 2 c. 
 Breaking and training of horses, 336, 1 b. 
 
 Vet'iver, name of aromatic grasses, XVI. 336; 
 
 ' X. 337, 2 a; XIII. 289, 1 c. 
 
 A eto, executive check on legislation, XVI. 337. 
 
 “ Veto act” of the Scottish general assembly, 
 VII. 468, 1 be. 
 
 Vetranio, Roman usurper, V. 279, 1 a. 
 
 A t euillot, Louis [vfth-yo], French author, XVI. 
 337. 
 
 AAevay [vhh-va], Swiss town, XAH. 337. 
 Vevay', county seat, XV. 533, 1 be. 
 
 Vevey: see Vevay. 
 
 Veys, African tribe, X. 398, 2 ab. 
 
 Vezere [vuh-zair], river, VI. 214, 2 a; V. 381,2 c. 
 Via Appia: see Appian Way. 
 
 T ia Crucis , V. Ill, 1 ab (Colosseum). 
 
 Viadrus: see Oder. 
 
 Via lactea: see Galaxy. 
 
 A iardot, Louis [vyar-do], French author, XVI. 
 
 337. Michelle Pauline Garcia, vocalist. 338, 
 
 1 a. 
 
 Viaro Pasha , sobriquet, III. 759, 1 a. 
 
 A t iatka [vyat'-ka], government of Russia, XVI. 
 
 338. Capital city, 1 c. 
 
 Vibinum: see Bovino. 
 
 Vibiscum: see A 7 evay. 
 
 A" iborg [ve'-borg], government of Finland, XVI. 
 338. Capital, 2 a. 
 
 Vibration : see Harmony, VIII. 466, 2 a; 
 Sound, XA . 174, 2 a. AAbration fraction of 
 an interval, XII. 79, 2 b. 
 
 Vibrio, genus of minute organisms, XA r I. 338; 
 
 I. 571, 1 b. In fermentation, A"II. 144, 2 a. 
 Vibrionia : see Vibrio. 
 
 Vibrions , A 7 II. 144, 2 a. See AAbrio. 
 AAburnum, genus of shrubs, XA 7 I. 338. A 7 , 
 lantanoides, lantana, and lentago, 339, 1 b; 
 dentatum, 2 a; acerifolium, ib. (ill.); tinus, 
 
 2 b (ill.); opulus, VIII. 295, 2 be (ill., 296); 
 macrocephalus, 296, 1 b; plicatum, ib. 
 
 Vi'ce-co'mes : see Viscount, and Sheriff, XIV. 
 848, 2 c. 
 
 AAcente, Gil [zheel ve-se ng '-ta], Portuguese 
 dramatist, XVI. 339. 
 
 Vicentia, ancient city, XA T I. 340, 1 ab, c. 
 AAcenza [ve-chen'-dza], province of Italy, XA 7 I. 
 
 340. Capital city, 1 ab. 
 
 AAcenza, Duke of : see Caulaincourt. 
 
 Vicetia : see Vicentia (Index). 
 
 AVcnY [ve-she], town of France, XVI. 340. 
 
 A 7 ichy water, XI. 594, 1 a. 
 
 Vicia (botany), XA 7 I.331,1 a. V. sativa, ib. (ill.). 
 Vick, Henry, clock of, IV. 696, 1 c (ill.). 
 A 7 icksburg, city of Mississippi, X\ T I. 340. 
 
 Military operations against, 341, 1 a. 
 
 A r ico, Francesco de [ve'-ko], Italian astronomer, 
 XVI. 342. 
 
 AAco, Giovanni Battista, Italian author, XAM. 
 
 342. See Pnn.osopnY, XIII. 444, 2 a. 
 
 Vicq d’Azyr, Felix [veek da-zeer], French 
 physician, XVI. 842. 
 
 
VICTOR 
 
 VILLA 
 
 777 
 
 Victor, Claude, duke of Belluno, French sol¬ 
 dier, XVI. 342. 
 
 Victor , Saint (Richard of St. Victor, a Scot¬ 
 tish monk in the monastery of St. Victor, 
 Paris, died 1173) : see Moral Philosophy, 
 XI. 810, 2 c. 
 
 Victor Amadeus II., duke of Savoy and king 
 of Sardinia, XVI. 343. 
 
 Victor Emanuel I., king of Sardinia, XVI. 343. 
 Victor Emanuel II., king of Italy, XVI. 343; 
 
 IX. 452, 1 be. (Died 1878.) 
 
 Victoria, colony of Australia, XVI. 344. 
 Victoria, county of Texas, XVI. 346. 
 Victoria, three counties in Canada, XVI. 346. 
 Victoria , county seat, XVI. 346, 1 c. 
 
 V ic'toria, capital of British Columbia, XVI. 346. 
 Victoria : see Hong Kong, VIII. 797, 2 b. 
 Victoria (Victoria Alexandrina), queen of 
 Great Britain and Ireland, and empress of 
 India, XVI. 346. Encouragement of Eng¬ 
 lish lace manufacture, X. 79, 1 c. 
 
 Victoria , “ Mother of Legions see Bagaud^e. 
 Victoria embankment , London, X. 592, 1 c. 
 Victoria Falls : see Zambesi, and 1.166,1 ab. 
 Victoria Land , Antarctic ocean, I. 543, 2 b; 
 
 Arctic, 672, 2 c. (See maps.) 
 
 Victorian Gothic , in architecture, I. 666, 1 c. 
 Victoria Nile, river of Africa, XII. 547, 2 c. 
 Victoria H’yanza : see H’yanza ; Africa, 
 I. 167, 1 b; and Kile, XII. 447, 1 b. 
 
 Victoria park, London, X. 597, 1 c; XIII. 
 
 101, 2 c (map), 103, 2 ab. 
 
 Victoria Regia: see Water Lily, XVI. 504, 
 
 1 c (ill.)* Leaves of, 2 a; X. 266, 2 be. 
 Structure of stems, &c., I. 217, 2 c. 
 
 Victor-Perrin [-pa-ra ng ] : see Victor, Claude. 
 Vicuna [ve-koo'-nya] : see Llama, X. 553,1 a, 
 
 2 b. 
 
 ViQvdmitra [vis-va'-me-tra], Hindoo king, IX. 
 225, 2 a. 
 
 Vida, Marco Girolamo [ve'-da], Italian poet, 
 XVI. 348. 
 
 Vidalia, county seat, V. 208, 1 b. 
 
 Vidarr, Scandinavian deity, XII. 120, 1 a. 
 Vidian nerve, XVI. 348, 1 be. 
 
 Vidius, Vidus, Italian physician, XVI. 348. 
 Vidocq, Eugene Frangois [ve-duk], French de¬ 
 tective, XVI. 348. 
 
 Vidua (ornithology), XVI. 522, 2 ab. V. 
 paradisea, 2 b. 
 
 Vieillot [vya-yo], classification of birds by, 
 XII. 705, 2 b. 
 
 Vieira, or Vieyra, Antonio [ve-a'-e-ra], (1608- 
 ’97), Portuguese Jesuit and missionary (also 
 
 court preacher and diplomatist, and a cele¬ 
 brated author in prose and verse), XIII. 743, 
 2c; II. 267, 2 b. 
 
 Viel-Castel, Horace de,'count [vy&l-kas-tel], 
 French author, XVI. 348. Louis de, baron, 
 historian, 2 be. 
 
 Vien, Joseph Marie [vya ng ], French painter, 
 XVI. 348. 
 
 Vienna [ve-en'-na], capital of Austria-Hun¬ 
 gary, XVI. 349. Description, 1 b. Hew 
 opera house, 2 c (ill.). Squares, 350, 1 b. 
 Churches, &c., 1 c; St. Stephen’s cathedral, 
 2 a (ill.). Art treasures, 2 c. Libraries, 
 351, 1 b. Education, ib. ; university, ib. 
 Parks, &c., 2 a. History, 352, 1 ab. Con¬ 
 gress of, 2 a; XI. 397,1 be. Treaty of (1809), 
 referred to, XVI. 464, 2 c. 
 
 Vienna, ancient City: see Vienne', town. 
 
 Vienna, county seats, VI. 213,1 b; IX. 657,1 a; 
 X. 487, 2 b; XI. 165, 1 ab. 
 
 Vienna caustic, X. 480, 1 a. 
 
 Vienne [vyen], department of France, XVI. 353. 
 
 Vienne, town of France, XVI. 353. 
 
 Vienne, Haute: see Haute-Vienne. 
 
 Viersen [feer'-zen], town of Prussia, XVI. 353. 
 
 Vieta, Frangois [vya-ta], French mathema¬ 
 tician, XVI. 353 ; I. 302, 1 ab ; VII. 701, 2 a. 
 
 Viete [vyait]: see Vieta. 
 
 Vieussens, Raymond [vyuh-sa ng ce], French 
 physician, XVI. 353. “Valve of Vieus¬ 
 sens,” 1 c; III. 190, 1 c. 
 
 Vieuxtemps, Henri [vyuh-ta ng ], Belgian violin¬ 
 ist, XVI. 353. 
 
 Vieyra, Antonio: see Vieira (Index). 
 
 V igilius, pope, XVI. 353. 
 
 Vigne, Pietro delle [ve'-nya]: see Vineis. 
 
 Vignola, Giacomo Barozzio da [da ve'-nyo-la], 
 Italian architect, XVI. 353. 
 
 Vigny, Alfred Victor de, count [dtih ve-nye], 
 French poet, XVI. 353. 
 
 Vi'go, county, XVI. 354. 
 
 Vigo [ve'-go], town of Spain, XVI. 354. 
 
 Vigors, classification of birds by, XII. 706, 1 c. 
 
 Viking, Scandinavian sea rover, VIII. 506, 2 a. 
 
 Vikramaditya [ve-kra-ma'-dit-ya], Hindoo 
 king, IX. 735, 2 c; 736,1 a. 
 
 Vilayet [ve-la-yet'], Turkish administrative 
 division, XVI. 354. 
 
 Vilfa vagineeflora (botany), XIV. 374, 1 a. 
 
 Vili [ve'-le], in Horse mythology, XII. 119, 2 b. 
 
 Villa : see Borough, III. 107, 1 ab. 
 
 Villa del Fuerte [ve'-lya del fwair'-ta]: see 
 Fuerte. 
 
 Villa Eugenie, Biarritz, II. 607, 2 a (ill.). 
 
778 
 
 VILLA 
 
 VIOLA 
 
 Villa Faustina , Roman, III. 480, 2 c. 
 
 V illafeanca, town of Italy, XVI. 854. Treaty 
 of, 2 b; IX. 453, 1 a; III. 51, 1 be. 
 
 Village : see Boeough, III. 107, 1 ab; Town, 
 XV. 828, 1 c. 
 
 Villani, Giovanni [veel-la'-ne], Italian histo¬ 
 rian, XVI. 354. 
 
 Villa Beal [ve'-lya ra-al']: see San Ceistobal, 
 XIV. 596, 1 c. 
 
 Villarica [veel-la-re'-ka]: see Oueo Peeto. 
 
 Villa Bica de Vera Cruz [ve'-lya]: see Veea 
 Ceuz, XVI. 306, 2 c. 
 
 Villaes, Claude Louis Hector de, duke [ve-lar], 
 French soldier, XVI. 355; III. 657, 2 be. 
 
 Villegagnon, Vice Admiral [veel-ga-nyo ng ], 
 (Xicolas Durand, chevalier de, 1510—’71), 
 referred to, III. 231,1 c-2 a. (Colony broken 
 up through a dispute about the eucharist.) 
 
 Villegas, Esteban Manuel de [ve-lya'-gass], 
 Spanish poet, XVI. 355. 
 
 Villein: see Seef, XIV. 774, 1 c, 775, 2 b; 
 Magna Chaeta, X. 850, 1 a; Feudal Sys¬ 
 tem, VII. 162, 1 ab. 
 
 Villele, Jean Baptiste S6rapliin Joseph de, 
 count [ve-lail], French statesman, XVI. 355. 
 
 Villemain, Abel Francois [veel-ma ng ], French 
 author, XVI. 356. 
 
 Ville Marie [veel ma-re],(Montreal),XI. 796,1 b. 
 
 Villemessant, Jean Hippolyte de [veel-ma- 
 s4 ng ], French journalist, XVI. 356. 
 
 Villees, Charles Francois Dominique de [ve- 
 ya], French philosopher, XVI. 356. 
 
 Villi, of the mesentery, I. 318, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Villiees, George [vil'-yerz]: see Buckingham, 
 Earls and Dukes of. 
 
 V illoison, Jean Baptiste Gaspard d’Ansse de 
 [ve-lwa-zo ng ], French philologist, XVI. 356. 
 
 Vilna: see Wilna. 
 
 Viminal hill , Rome, XIV. 409, 1 ab; 410, 2 a. 
 
 Vina [ve'-na], Hindoo musical instrument, XII. 
 86, 2 b; 87, 1 a. 
 
 Vinago : see Pigeon, XIII. 506, 1 a. 
 
 Vinaigrette [ve-na-gret], (wheelbarrow chair), 
 invention of, XIII. 145, 1 a. 
 
 Vinca (botany), XIII. 304, 1 c. V. minor, 2 b 
 (ill.); major, id. ; herbacea, 305, 1 a; rosea, 
 
 1 b (ill., 304). 
 
 Vincennes [vin-senz'], city of Indiana, XVI. 357. 
 
 Vincennes [va" g -sen], town of France, XVI. 
 357. Wood of, XIII. 101, 1 b. 
 
 Vincennes, Jean Baptiste Bissot, sieur de, 
 American soldier, XVI. 357. 
 
 Vincent, William, English scholar, XVI. 357, 
 
 Vincent de Paul : see Paul, Vincent de. 
 
 Vincetoxicum nigrum (botany), XL 546, 2 ab. 
 Vinci, Leonardo da [da vin'-che], Italian paint¬ 
 er, XVI. 358. His almost universal genius, 
 1 c. See Geology, VII. 687, 2 be. Sup¬ 
 posed inventor of canal locks, III. 683, 2 c. 
 Vincum : see Bingen. 
 
 Vindelicia, Roman province, XVI. 358. 
 Vindhya Mountains [vind'-ya], XVI. 358. 
 Vindicta: see Manumission. 
 
 Vindobona : see Vienna. 
 
 Vindocinum : see Vendome, town. 
 
 Vindonissa, ancient city, III. 354, 2 c. 
 
 Vinds: see Winds. Language, XIV. 783, 1 b. 
 Vine : see Geape. 
 
 Vine of the cross , a tree, specific for stanching 
 effusion of blood, V. 86, 2 ab. 
 
 Vineam Domini , papal bull, IV. 663, 1 c. 
 
 Vine black , X. 132, 1 be. 
 
 Vinegae, XVI. 359. Adulteration of, 2 b; I. 
 
 134, 1 ab. Scented, XIII. 290, 1 b. 
 
 “ Vinegar of the four thieves ,” XIV. 464, 1 c. 
 Vinegar Hill, battle of VI. 656, 2 b. 
 
 Vinegae Plant, XVI. 359; VII. 532, 2 a. 
 Vin'eis, Petrus de, Italian jurist, XVI. 360. 
 Vineland, village of Hew Jersey, XVI. 360. 
 Vinee, Charles, English lawyer, XVI. 360. 
 Vinet, Alexandre Rodolphe [ve-na], Swiss au¬ 
 thor, XVI. 360. 
 
 Vingolf in northern mythology, XII. 120, 1 b. 
 Vinland: see Hoetiimen, XII. 498, 1 b; I. 
 667, 2 b. 
 
 Vino de color [ve'-no da ko-lore'], boiled must, 
 
 XV. 224, 1 be. 
 
 Vinom'eter, IX. 125, 1 b (Hydeometee). 
 
 Vino mezeal [ve'-no mess-kal'], a distilled spirit, 
 I. 180, 1 c. 
 
 Vino secco, sack, referred to, XV. 225, 1 c. 
 Vinos de pasto [ve'-noce da pas'-to], table 
 wines, XV. 224, 1 ab. 
 
 Vins fermes, du midi, de remede [va ng fairm, 
 du me-de, diih rub-maid], VII. 411, 2 be, c. 
 Vinton, county, XVI. 360. 
 
 Vinton , county seat, II. 542, 1 be. 
 
 Vinton, Alexander Hamilton, American clergy¬ 
 man, XVI. 361. Francis, clergyman, 1 b. 
 Vinton, Justus Hatch, American missionarv, 
 
 XVI. 361. 
 
 Viol: see Violin, XVI. 364, 1 c. Viol da 
 gamba, 2 a; bastarda, 366, 2 c; d’amour, ib. 
 Viola [ve-o'-la], musical instrument, XVI. 361; 
 
 366, 1 ab. Viola de bardone, 367, 1 a. 
 
 Vi'ola (botany), XVI. 361, 2 ab. V. pedata, 
 
 362, 1 b (ill); tricolor, 2 b (ill); odorata, 
 
 363, 1 c (ill.); and other species. 
 
YIOLE 
 
 VISALIA 
 
 779 
 
 Viole [ve-ul], favorite of Du Bellay, II. 503, 1 c. 
 Violet, XVI. 361. Stemless violets, 362, 1 a; 
 birdVfoot violet, 1 b (ill.). Leafy-stemmed 
 violets, 1 c. Pansy, 2 b (ill.). Sweet violet, 
 863, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Violet shell , mollusk, XI. T23, 1 b. 
 
 Violet wood , XIV. 441, 1 ab. 
 
 Violin, XVI. 363; XIT. 74, 2 c. Celebrated 
 makers, XVI. 364, 2 a, tf. Origin of the 
 bow, 366, 2 ab. Other instruments of the 
 violin family, 1 ab, 2 c. Great players, 367, 
 
 1 a. Kaiser violin, VII. 666,1 ab. See Amati, 
 Gemunder^Guaeneei,Salo, Steadivaei, and 
 
 VUILLAUME. 
 
 Violine [vi'-o-lin], emetic principle, XVI. 363, 
 
 2 a. 
 
 Viollet-le-Duo, Eugene Emmanuel [vyul-la- 
 luh-duk], French architect, XVI. 367. 
 Violoncello [ve-o-lon-chel'-lo], musical instru¬ 
 ment, XVI. 367; 366, 1 ab. 
 
 Violone [ve-o-lo'-na], XVI. 366, 1 b. 
 
 Viotti, Giovanni Battista [vyot'-te], Italian 
 violinist, XVI. 367. 
 
 Viper, XVI. 367. Common European, 2 c 
 (ill., 368) ; horned, 368,1 c; short-tailed, 2 ab. 
 Vip'era aspis (zoology), II. 18,1 c; berus, XVI. 
 
 367, 2 c (ill., 368) ; arietans, 368, 2 f>b. 
 Viper'idce (zoology), XVI. 367, 2 c. 
 
 Viraj [ve-raj'], Hindoo deity, VI. 522, 2 a. 
 Virchow, Rudolf [feer'- k ho], German physi¬ 
 ologist, XVI. 368. His theory of inflamma¬ 
 tion, IX. 276, 2 c. 
 
 Vir'eo, genus of birds, XVI. 369. V. olivaceus 
 (red-eyed vireo), 2 a (ill.) ; barbatulus (Whip- 
 Tom-Ivelly), 2 b; Noveboracensis (white¬ 
 eyed), 2 be; solitarius, 2 c. 
 
 Vireolanius (ornithology), XVI. 369, 1 b. 
 Vireosylvia (ornithology), XVI. 369,1 b, 2 ab. 
 Vieey, Julien Joseph [ve-ra], French physician, 
 XVI. 369. His classification of the human 
 race, VI. 754, 1 c. 
 
 Virgil (Publius Virgilius Maro), Roman poet, 
 XVI. 370. Palimpsest of his poems, XI. 
 132, 2 b. 
 
 V irgilia, genus of trees, XVI. 371. Yellow- 
 wood, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Virgilius Evangelizans , IV. 204, 2 a (Cento). 
 Virginal, musical instrument, XVI. 371; XIII. 
 488, 1 ab. 
 
 Virginal booh , Queen Elizabeth’s, II. 649,1 ab. 
 Virgin city (Bayonne), II. 410, 1 a. 
 
 “ Virgin fort , the : ” see Widin. 
 
 Virginia, state, XVI. 371. State seal (ill.), 
 372. Population, 1 ab. Topography, 2 c. 
 
 Rivers, 373, 2 c. Geology, 374, 1 b. Min¬ 
 eral springs, 2 ab. Minerals, 2 b. Natural 
 curiosities, 375, 1 c. Climate, 2 a. Soil, 
 2 c. Flora, 376,1 a. Agriculture, 1 b. Fish- 
 eries, 2 b. Manufactures, 2 c. Commerce, 
 
 377.1 be. Intercommunication, 2 c. Banks, 
 378, 1 b. Government, ib. Finances, 379, 
 1 ab. Public institutions, 2 a; eastern luna¬ 
 tic asylum, 2 b, 642, 1 a. Education, 380, 
 1 a. Libraries, newspapers, &c., 381, 1 c. 
 Religious organizations, 2 a.—History, 2 b. 
 Early extent of the name, ib., 150, 1 c: 
 see Amidas. Colonization of, 150, 2 a, 
 381, 2 be: see Sandys, and Smith, John. 
 Resistance of the house of burgesses to Eng¬ 
 lish encroachment, XVI. 383, 1 b ; VIII. 
 662, 2 be, 663, 1 c, 2 b, c. Revolution, 664, 
 1 c, If.; XVI. 383, 1 c, ff. Secession, 2 c. 
 
 Virginia , army of, XIII. 711, 1 a. 
 
 Virginia, story of: see Claudius Ceassus. 
 Virginia, the, iron-clad ram, IX. 381, 1 a. 
 Virginia, University of, XVI. 385 (ill., 386). 
 Virginia City, Nevada, XVI. 387. 
 
 Virginia City, Montana, XVI. 387. 
 
 Virginia Creeper, XVI. 387 (ills., 388); IX. 
 477, 2 b. 
 
 Virginia military institute, X. 389, 2 c; XI. 
 
 538, 1 c ; XVI. 380, 2 be. 
 
 Virginian blade sand, II. 742, 2 c. 
 
 “ Virginian controversy ,” XIV. 792, 2 a. 
 Virginia nightingale: see Cardinal Bird, III. 
 781, 1 a. 
 
 Virginian silfc: see Milkweed, XI. 546, 1 a. 
 Virginia plan , for federal constitution, VIII. 
 
 417.1 c. 
 
 Virginia potato: see Artichoke, I. 782, 1 c. 
 Virginia rebel, the: see Bacon, Nathaniel. 
 Virginia swallowwort: see Milkweed, XI. 546, 
 
 1 a. 
 
 Virgin Islands, West Indies, XVI. 388. 
 Virginius affair: see Santiago de Cuba, XIV. 
 
 621, 2 c; United States, XVI. 188, 1 a. 
 Virgin’s Bower: see Clematis, IV. 659, 2 b 
 (ill.). 
 
 Virgin's fountain , Jerusalem, IX. 618, 2 ab. 
 
 V iriathus [ve-ri'-a-thus], Lusitanian warrior, 
 XVI. 388; X. 725, 1 c. 
 
 Viriconium: see Weoxetee. 
 
 Virility, period of, I. 181, 1 a. 
 
 Virlc [veerk], a people in Russian Georgia, 
 VII. 727, 1 c. 
 
 Viroqua, county seat, XVI. 321, 1 c. 
 
 Virus : see Venom, XVI. 300, 2 c. 
 
 Visalia , county seat, XVI. 26, 1 b. 
 
780 
 
 YISCACHA 
 
 YOGHT 
 
 Yiscaciia [vees-ka'-cha]: see Lagostomus, X. 
 
 104, 2 ab ; Lagotis, 105, 1 a. 
 
 Viscon'ti, family of rulers of Milan, XYI. 389 ; 
 
 X. 588, 2 c. 
 
 Visconti, Ennio Quirino, Italian arch geologist, 
 XYI. 389. Louis Tullius Joachim, French 
 architect, 390, 1 a. 
 
 Visconti, Madame , II. 583, 2 c. 
 
 Visconti, Tebaldo (Pope Gregory X.), YIII. 
 244, 2 c. 
 
 Viscosity , in solids or fluids, YI. 488, 1 be. 
 Yiscount [vi'-kownt], in the British peerage, 
 XYI. 390. 
 
 Yiscum (botany): see Mistletoe, XI. 675, 1 c. 
 
 Y. album, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Vishegrad , Bosnian fortress, III. 112, 1 ab. 
 Yishnu: see India, Religions and Religious 
 Literature of, IX. 223, 2 c; 228, 1 c, 2 be, c. 
 Avatars of, 229, 2 ab: see Avatar. Tem¬ 
 ple of: see Bhadrinatii. 
 
 Vishnu-Sarma , Hindoo writer, II. 627, 2 a. 
 Yisigotiis: see Goths, and Spain, XY. 210, 
 2 ab. 
 
 Visio Isaiai , in the canon of the Catharists, IY. 
 116, 2 b. 
 
 Yision, XYI. 390. Conditions of, 1 be. Pro¬ 
 vision for varying intensity of light, 391,1 ab. 
 Field of vision, 1 c. Line of vision, 2 b. 
 Simultaneous action of both eyes, advan¬ 
 tages of, 392, 1 a. Adaptation of the eye 
 to varying distances, 1 c. Persistence of 
 visual impressions, 393, 1 a. See IX. 807, 
 2 a; XYI. 92, 1 a; II. 559, 2 c. 
 
 Visitation, order of the : see Chantal. 
 
 Vis medicatrix naturae , IX. 274, 2 be. 
 
 Vispered , in the Zend-Avesta, XYI. 810, 2 be. 
 Yis'tttla, river of Europe, XYI. 393. 
 
 Vistula country : see Poland, XIII. 643, 1 be. 
 Visual angle , XII. 654, 2 c (ill., 655). 
 
 Visurgis: see Weser. 
 
 Vital air: see Oxygen, XII. 770, 2 c. 
 
 Vital forces: see Carpenter, W. B., IY. 18, 2 c. 
 Vitandus, penalty of excommunication, YII. 
 24, 2 b. 
 
 Vitch, Russian adjunct, meaning of, XII.127, 2 c. 
 Vite, Giovanni della [ve'-ta]: see Miel. 
 Vitebsk [ve-tepsk'J, government of Russia, 
 XVI. 393. Capital, 2 be. 
 
 V itellius, Aulus, Roman emperor, XYI. 393. 
 Vitellus : see Egg, YI. 450, 2 c; Embryology, 
 561, 2 a. 
 
 Viterbo [ve-tair'-bo], town of Italy, XYI. 394. 
 Vitiges [vit'-e-jeez], king of the Goths, referred 
 to, II. 494, 2 b. 
 
 Viti islands [ve-te'J: see Feejee. 
 
 Vitis (botany), YIII. 162, 2 b. Y. vinifera, 
 163, 1 a (ill.); labrusca, asstivalis, cordifolia, 
 and vulpina, 2 ab. 
 
 Vitop'olis, ancient city, YII. 246, 1 b, 2 a. 
 
 Vitoria [ve-to'-re-a], town of Spain, XYI. 
 394. Battle of, 1 be ; 549, 2 c. 
 
 Vitoria, duke de la : see Espartero. 
 
 Vitreous humor: see Eye, YII. 46, 2 a. 
 
 Vitriol, Blue: see Copper, Y. 319, 1 a. 
 
 Vitriol, Oil of: see Sulphuric Acid, and IX. 
 107, 2 a. 
 
 I atrium obsidianum , III. 651, 2 a. 
 
 Vitro di trino [ve'-tro de tre'-no], glass, YIII. 
 23, 2 c. 
 
 Vitruvius Pollio, Marcus, Roman architect, 
 XYI. 394. 
 
 Viu [ve-oo'J, Feejeean plant, YII. 110, 2 a. 
 
 Vivent les gueux [veev la guh], war cry of the 
 Dutch uprising, III. 243, 1 b. 
 
 Viverra civetta (zoology), IY. 617, 1 a (ill.). 
 Y. zibetta, 2 b; rasse, ib .; genetta, YII. 
 668, 1 a. 
 
 Yives, Juan Luis [ve'-vace], Spanish scholar, 
 XYI. 394. 
 
 Viviani, Vincenzo [ve-vya'-ne], Italian mathe¬ 
 matician, XYI. 394. 
 
 Vivisection, XYI. 394. Discussion of its im¬ 
 portance, 396, 1 a. 
 
 Yizagapatam', district of British India, XYI. 
 396. Capital, 1 c. 
 
 Viziadroog' : see Gheriah. 
 
 Vizier, Vizir, or Vesir [viz'-yer, ve-zeeP], Ot¬ 
 toman title, XYI. 396; 59, 2 a. Grand vizier 
 of Persia, XIII. 321, 1 c. 
 
 Vlaardingen [flar'-ding-en], town of the Neth¬ 
 erlands, XYI. 396. 
 
 Vladikavkar, pass of, IY. 133, 1 c. 
 
 Vladimir [vlad'-e-mer], government of Russia, 
 XVI. 396. Capital city, 397, 1 a. 
 
 Vladimir the Great : see Russia, XIY. 489, 
 1 c. 
 
 Vlaenderen [flan'-der-en]: see Flanders. 
 
 Yliessingen, or Ylissingen [flees'-ing-en]: see 
 Flushing. 
 
 Voahena, tree of Madagascar, X. 810, 1 c. 
 
 Vocal chords, XYI. 397, 2 c ; 398, 1 be. 
 
 Yode'na: see Edessa, YI. 402, 1 b. 
 
 Vogel, Eduard [fo'-ghel], German traveller, 
 XYI. 397; II. 345, 1 b. 
 
 Vogelsgebirge [fo'-ghelce-geh-beer-geh], moun¬ 
 tain range, YIII. 706, 1 a. 
 
 Vogesen [fo'-geh-zen], mountains: see Vosges. 
 
 Voght, Karl, extradition case of, YII. 44,1 b. 
 
VOGT 
 
 VORSTIUS 
 
 781 
 
 Vogt, Karl [fo k ht], German naturalist, XVI. 397. 
 On mollusca, XI. 51,1 c. His classification of 
 amphibians and reptiles, VIII. 694, 2 a; of 
 fishes, IX. 161,2 a; of mammals, XI. 81,1 h. 
 
 Vogue, Charles Jean Melchior de, count [vo- 
 gu-a], French archaeologist, XVI. 397. 
 
 Voguls , Finnish tribe, VII. 207, 1 b. 
 
 Voice, XVI. 397. Condition of its formation, 
 398, 1 a. IIow produced, 1 c. Recurrent 
 laryngeal nerves, 2 c. Weakening or loss 
 of voice from various causes, ib ., ff.—Char¬ 
 acter of the human voice, XII. 75, 2 a. 
 
 Voigtlcind [foi k ht'-lant], (anciently a very ex¬ 
 tensive lordship, ruled by the ancestors of 
 the princes of Reuss with the title of voigt), 
 referred to, XIV. 658,1 a. 
 
 Voiture, Vincent [vwa-tur], French poet, 
 XVI. 399. 
 
 Voivodina [voi-vo-de'-na], II. 264, 2 a. 
 
 Volaterrce: see V olteeka. 
 
 Volatile elements , of plants, XIII. 581, 2 b. 
 
 Volatile Oils: see Essential Oils. 
 
 Volcan de Ansango [vole-kan' da an-sang'-go], 
 lava stream, I. 571, 1 a. 
 
 Volcanic tufa , XVI. 400, 2 ab, c. 
 
 Volcano, XVI. 399. Localities and directions 
 of volcanic vents, 2 a ; number of, 2 c; linear 
 arrangement, ib. Circumstances in which 
 they differ, 400, 1 a. Explanation of the 
 phenomena, 1 be. Gaseous products of, 
 2 c. Agencies, 401, 1 a. Nature of ma¬ 
 terials ejected, 1 ab; identity of in all geo¬ 
 logic periods, 2 b. Hypotheses of their ori¬ 
 gin, 402, 1 ab. See IX. 70,1 ab. 
 
 Vole, meadow mouse, XI. 312, 1 a. 
 
 Volet , fitienne [vuh-la], executed as a heretic, 
 IV. 132, 2 b. 
 
 Volga, river of Russia, XVI. 403. 
 
 Volga'ic branch of the Fimis, VII. 206, 2 c. 
 
 Volhynia, government of Russia, XVI. 403. 
 
 Volkmann, Alfred Wilhelm [folk'-man], Ger¬ 
 man physiologist, XVI. 403. 
 
 VolJconsJci (Prince Peter, 1776-1852, general, 
 constant companion of Alexander I. and 
 minister of the imperial household under 
 Nicholas), referred to, I. 283, 2 a. 
 
 Volkslieder [folks'-le-der], German popular 
 songs, VII. 764, 2 c. 
 
 VoVksrad [folks'-rad], legislative assembly of 
 the Boers, II. 776, 2 c; 777, 1 be. 
 
 Volney, Constantin Francois Chasseboeuf, 
 count de [vul-na], French author, XVI. 403. 
 
 Vol'ogda, government of Russia, XVI. 404. 
 Capital eity, 1 b. 
 
 Vologe'ses Parthian king, referred to, I. 237, 
 
 1 be. Vologeses III., XIII. 136, 2 ab. 
 Volsci, people of Italy, XVI. 404 ; IX. 439,2 a. 
 Volsinii: see Bolsena. - 
 Volta, Alessandro, Italian physicist, XVI. 404. 
 See Animal Electricity, I. 518, 2 a-c; Gal¬ 
 vanism, VII. 586, 1 a. 
 
 Volta'ic batteries , VII. 588, 1 c, ff. (ills.). 
 Voltaic current , VII. 587, 1 c. 
 
 Voltaic electricity : see Galvanism. 
 
 Voltaic light, referred to, III. 770, 2 b. See 
 Electric Light. 
 
 Voltaic pile, VII. 588, 2 a (ill.). Discovery 
 of, I. 518, 2 c. 
 
 Voltaic resistance measurer, XIV. 114,1 c (ill.). 
 Voltaire, Frangois Marie Arouet de [vul-tair], 
 French author, XVI. 404. Imprisonment 
 of La Beaumelle at his instigation, II. 430, 
 1 a. Interference in favor of the Calas fam¬ 
 ily, III. 566, 2 b. His visit to Congreve, V. 
 247, 2 a. Inscription on the church built 
 by him at Ferney, VII. 149, 1 c. His criti¬ 
 cism of Dante, V. 673, 1 b. 
 
 Voltaire of Poland, so surnamed, X. 54, 1 c. 
 Voltam'eter , Faraday’s, VII. 84, 1 c; 596, 2 c 
 (ill., 597). Differential, XIV. 114, 1 b (ill.). 
 Volterra, town of Tuscany, XVI. 407. 
 Volteera, Daniele da, Italian painter, XVL 
 
 407. See Palmaroli. 
 
 Volturno [vol-toor'-no], river of Italy, XVI. 
 
 408. 
 
 Volundr , Norse hero, II. 562, 1 c. 
 
 Volunteer, XVI. 408. 
 
 Volusia, county, XVI. 408. 
 
 Volutes’, in the Ionic order, I. 657, 2 a. 
 
 Vomer, partition of the nostrils, XII. 515, 2 c. 
 Vomer (ichthyology), VI. 219, 2 c. V. Brownii, 
 220, 1 a. 
 
 Vom'iccc , of the lungs, V. 282, 2 c. 
 
 Vomiting, XVL 408. 
 
 Von Bibra, on the bromine of the Atlantic 
 ocean, III. 307, 2 c. See Bibra, Ernst von. 
 Vondel, Joost van den, Dutch poet, XVL 408. 
 Von Passeyr [fon pas'-sire]: see IIofee, VIII. 
 754, 1 be. 
 
 V orarlbeeg [for-arl'-bairg], district of the 
 Austrian empire, XVL 408. 
 
 Voronezh', government of Russia, XVL 409. 
 Capital city, 1 b. 
 
 Voeontzoff', Mikhail, count, Russian states¬ 
 man, XVL 409. Mikhail, soldier, 2 a. 
 Vorosmarty, Mihaly [vo'-rosh-mar-te], Hun¬ 
 garian poet, XVL 409. 
 
 Vorstius, Conrad,German theologian,XVI.409. 
 
782 
 
 VORTIGERN 
 
 WAFER 
 
 Vortigern [vor'-te-ghern], British king, YIII. 
 636, 1 be. 
 
 Vortumnalia , Roman festival, XVI. 326, 1 c. 
 Vortumnus: see Vertumnus. 
 
 Vos, Martin de, Flemish painter, XVI. 410. 
 Vosges [voazh], mountains, XVI. 410. 
 
 Vosges, department of France, XVI. 410. 
 Voss: see Vossius. 
 
 Voss, Johann Heinrich [fuss], German scholar, 
 XVI. 410. 
 
 Vossius, Gerard Johannes, Dutch philologist, 
 XVI. 411. Isaac, author, 1 be. 
 
 Votiaks, Finnish tribe, VII. 206, 2 c. 
 
 Vouet, Simon [vwa], French painter, XVI. 
 411. 
 
 Voulge [voolj]: see Bill, II. 639, 1 c. 
 
 Voussoir [voo-swar'J, of an arch, I. 641, 2 b. 
 Vries island: see OsniMA. 
 
 Vriesland: see Friesland. 
 
 Vritra [vre'-tra], in Hindoo mythology, IX. 
 224, 1 a. 
 
 V uillaume, Jean Baptiste [vii-e-yome], French 
 violin maker, XVI. 411. 
 
 Vul, Assyrian divinity, XIII. 380, 2 c. 
 
 Vulcan, god of fire, XVI. 411. Sons of: see 
 Cabiri, III. 526, 1 c. 
 
 Vulcanice insulce: see Lipari. 
 
 T ulcanists and Neptunists, in geology, VII. 
 689, 1 b. 
 
 Vulcanization , of caoutchouc, III. 737, 2 be; 
 of gutta percha, VIII. 344, 2 b. 
 
 Vulcanized rubier , III. 736, 1 c, ff.; VIII. 
 103, 1 c. 
 
 Vulcano [vool-ka'-no], island, III. 96, 1 c. 
 
 Vulgate: see Bible, II. 613, 2 a. Papal edi¬ 
 tion of, 2 be. First printed, 614,1 b; XIII. 
 846, 2 a. 
 
 Vul'pes (zoology), VII. 358, 1 a. V. fulvus, 
 2 a (ill.); vulgaris, 2 c (ill., 359) ; macrourus, 
 359, 1 b; velox, 1 c; lagopus, 2 a (ill.), 537, 
 2 be; Virginianus, 359, 2 a; littoralis, &c., 
 2 c; Zaarensis, 130, 2 c. 
 
 Vulpius, Christian August [fool'-pe-oos], Ger¬ 
 man author, XVI. 412. Johanna Christiane 
 Sophia, wife of Goethe, 1 b. 
 
 Vultur (ornithology), XVI. 412, 2 b. 
 
 Vulture, bird of prey, XVI. 412. Griffon, or 
 tawny vulture, 413, 1 a (ill.). Egyptian 
 (Pharaoh’s chicken), ib. Black vulture, or 
 carrion crow, 2 b (ill.). California vulture, 
 2 ab (ill.); III. 606, 2 b. 
 
 Vulture , bearded: see Lammergeyer. 
 
 Vulturi'nce (ornithology), XVI. 412, 1 c, 2 b. 
 Vulturnus: see Volturno. 
 
 w 
 
 W, a letter, XVI. 413. Its sounds, 1 c; origi¬ 
 nally guttural, 414, 1 ab. Interchanges, ib. 
 Initial wh in English, 1 b. 
 
 Waadt, Waadtland [vat'-lant]: see Vaud. 
 Waagen, Gustav Friedrich [va'-ghen], Ger¬ 
 man writer, XVI. 414. 
 
 Waal [val], river: see Rhine, XIV. 287, 2 ab. 
 Waal-bogt (Wallabout), III. 326, 1 c. 
 
 Wabash [waw'-bash], two counties, XVI. 414. 
 Wabash, county seat, XVI. 414, 2 a. 
 
 Wabash and Erie canal, IX. 235, 1 c. 
 Wabashaw [waw'-ba-shaw], county, XVI. 414. 
 Wabashaw, county seat, XVI. 414, 2 be. 
 WABAsn College, Indiana, XVI. 414. 
 
 Wabash River: see Indiana, IX. 233, 1 b. 
 
 Origin of the name, XI. 187, 1 a. 
 Wabaun'see, county, XVI. 415. 
 
 Wage, Master Robert, Anglo-Norman poet, 
 XVI. 415. 
 
 Wacht am Rhein, Die [de va k ht am rine], Ger¬ 
 man patriotic song, VII. 770,1 c; XVI. 623, 
 1 bo. 
 
 Wachusett [waw-chu'-set], capture of the Flor¬ 
 ida by the, II. 219, 2 a. See X. 497, 2 a. 
 
 Waco [wa'-ko], county seat, X. 797, 2 b. 
 
 Waday [wa-di'], kingdom of Africa, XVI. 415. 
 
 Waddel (James, D. D., 1739-1805), the blind 
 preacher (after 1785), referred to, I. 285, 2 c. 
 
 Wadding, Luke, Irish scholar, XVI. 415. 
 
 Waddington, William Henry [Fr. va-da nB -to ne ], 
 French archieologist, XVI. 415. (Minister 
 of foreign affairs December, 1877.) 
 
 Waddy , Australian weapon, II. 132, 1 b. 
 
 Wade, Benjamin Franklin, American states¬ 
 man, XVI. 416. (Died 1878.) 
 
 Wadena [wll-de'-na], county, XVI. 416. 
 
 Wadena , county seat, XVI. 416, 1 c. 
 
 Wadesboro, county seat, I. 538, 1 b. 
 
 Wadsworth, James, American philanthropist, 
 XVI. 416. James Samuel, general, 2 a. 
 
 Wady [wa'-de], channel of a watercourse, I. 
 619, 1 c; VIII. 606, 1 c; XV. 62, 1 a. W. 
 Haninali, IX. 612, 2 c. 
 
 Wafer , used at the sacrament, X. 639, 2 b. 
 
WAGADROGADRO 
 
 WALEWSKI 
 
 783 
 
 Wagadrogadro, Feejeean plant, VII. 110, 2 a. 
 
 Wage-fund theory, in political economy, XIII. 
 673, 2 b. 
 
 Wager, in law, XVI. 416. 
 
 Wager of Battle : see Appeal, I. 596, 2 b, 
 If., and Champion. Introduction of judicial 
 combat into England, 2 c; its continuance 
 there, 249, 1 a, I. 596, 2 c. 
 
 Wager of Law : see Criminal Law, Y. 487, 
 2 be. 
 
 Wager policies, in insurance, IX. 316, 1 a. 
 
 Wagler [va'-gler], (J. Georg, 1800-’32, pro¬ 
 fessor at Munich), classification of reptiles 
 by, VIII. 693, 2 c. 
 
 Wagner, Richard [Ger. vag'-ner], German com¬ 
 poser, XVI. 416; XII. 93, 1 be. Johanna, 
 actress, XVI. 418, 2 b. 
 
 Wagner, Rudolph, physiologist, XYI. 418. 
 Moritz Friedrich, naturalist, 419, 1 a. 
 
 Wagner, Rudolf Johannes, chemist, XVI. 419. 
 
 Wagner free institute of science, XIII. 401, 2 c. 
 
 Wagon, the, constellation, II. 420, 2 a. 
 
 Wagram [va'-gram], Austrian village, and bat¬ 
 tle of, XVI. 419. Prince of: see Berthier. 
 
 Was: see Panda. 
 
 Wahab, Abd-el : see Abd-el-Wahab. 
 
 Wahabees [wa-ha'-beez], or Wahabites, Mo¬ 
 hammedan sect, XVI. 419. 
 
 Wahkiak'um, county, XVI. 420. 
 
 Wahlstatt [val'-stat]: see Liegnitz, X. 418,1 b. 
 
 Wahoo: see Elm, VI. 551, 2 a. 
 
 Wahsatoii, county, XVI. 420. 
 
 Wahsatcii Mountains : see Rocky Mountains, 
 XIV. 377, 2 c, and Utah, XVI. 232, 1 ab. 
 
 Waiblingen [vi'-bling-en]: see Guelphs and 
 Ghibellines, VIII. 296, 1 c. 
 
 Waikur [vi-koor'J, Indians of Lower California, 
 III. 613, 2 c. 
 
 Wain wright, Jonathan May hew, American 
 clergyman, XVI. 420. 
 
 Waite, Morrison Remich, chief justice of the 
 United States, XVI. 420. 
 
 Waitz, Georg [vites], German historian, XVI. 
 420. 
 
 Waitz, Theodor, German author, XVI. 420. 
 
 Waitzen [vi'-tsen], town of Hungary, XVI. 420. 
 
 “ Waived ,” disregarded by law: see Out¬ 
 lawry, XII. 743, 1 a. 
 
 Wajiji [wa-je'-je], African people, XVI. 103,1 a. 
 
 Wake, English festival, XVI. 421. Irish fu¬ 
 neral, 1 b ; III. 454, 1 a. 
 
 Wake, county, XVI. 421. 
 
 Wake, William, English prelate, XVI. 421. 
 
 Wakefield, Gilbert, theologian, XVI. 421. 
 
 Wakefield, Priscilla, authoress, XVI. 422„ See 
 Savings Bank, XIV. 647, 2 b. 
 
 Wake-Robin, plant, XVI. 422 (ill.) ; XV. 867, 
 1 ab. 
 
 Wakley, Thomas, English physician, XVI. 422. 
 
 Wakulla, county, XVI. 423. 
 
 Wakulla, spring, XV. 556, 2 ab. 
 
 Walachei [va-la- k hF]: 6ee Wallachia. 
 
 Walaeus, advocate of a missionary seminary, 
 XI. 640, 1 c. 
 
 Walhurga, St.: see Walpurgis Night. 
 
 Walcheren [waF-ker-en], island, Netherlands, 
 XVI. 423. Walcheren expedition, ib. ; re¬ 
 ferred to, VII. 709, 1 ab, XI. 523, 2 c. 
 
 W r alckenaer, Charles Athanase, baron [val- 
 kuh-nair], French author, XVI. 423. His 
 classification of spiders, XV. 264, 1 c. 
 
 Waldeck [vaF-dek], German principality, XVI. 
 423. George Frederick, prince of, 2 b. 
 Christian Augustus, prince of, 2 be. 
 
 Waldeck, count, prince and bishop of Munster, 
 I. 449, 2 c. 
 
 Waldeck, Jean Fr6d6ric de, baron [val-dek], 
 French artist, XVI. 423. 
 
 Waldemar, constitution of, XIV. 676, 1 b. 
 
 Walden'ses, Christian denomination, XVI. 
 424; XIII. 178, 1 a. 
 
 Waldensian dialect, XIV. 39, 2 be. 
 
 W t aldmuller, Ferdinand Georg [valt'-mtil-ler], 
 German painter, XVI. 425. 
 
 Waldo, county, XVI. 425. 
 
 Waldo, Peter: see Waldenses. 
 
 WALDOBOROUGn, town of Maine, XVI. 425. 
 
 Waldo patent: see Waldoborougii. 
 
 Waldron, county seat, XIV. 706, 2 a. 
 
 Waldstein [v41t'-stine], Bohemian count, re' 
 f erred to, IV. 49, 1 ab. See Wallenstein. 
 
 Waldus, Petrus: see Waldenses. 
 
 Wales, principality of the British empire, XVI. 
 425. Coast line, 2 b. Surface, 2 c. Geol¬ 
 ogy and minerals, 426, 1 b; Roman mines, 1 c. 
 Climate, soil, and productions, 2 ab. An¬ 
 cient remains, 2 b. Divisions and popular 
 tion, 2 be. Industries and commerce, 427, 
 1 ab. Intercommunication, 1 b. Educa¬ 
 tion, 1 c. Religion, ib. History, 2 a. 
 
 W ales, Language and Literature of: see Celts, 
 Languages and Literature of the, IV. 178, 2 b. 
 
 Wales, prince of, title, XVI. 428, 1 a; VI. 434, 
 1 b, 608, 2 a. His crest and motto, VI. 439, 
 1 c, V. 470, 2 a; coronet, 371, 2 c. 
 
 Walewska, countess [va-lev'-ska]. referred to, 
 III. 55, 2 ab (twice); XVI. 428, 1 b. 
 
 Walewski, Alexandre Florinn Joseph Colonna, 
 
7S4 
 
 WALHALLA 
 
 WALRUS 
 
 count and duke [va-lev-ske], French states¬ 
 man, XVI. 428. 
 
 Walhalla, or Valhalla [val-hal'-la]: see My¬ 
 thology, XII. 120,1 ah, and Ratisbon, XIV. 
 213, 2 b. 
 
 WalhaVla , county seat, XII. 574, 2 b. 
 Walhonding river , Ohio, XII. 101, 1 a. 
 Walker, three counties, XVI. 428. 
 
 Walker, Amasa, American political economist, 
 XVI. 428 ; XIII. 677, 2 ab. Francis Amasa, 
 XVI. 429, 1 a. 
 
 Walker, Frederick, English painter, XVI. 429. 
 Walker, James, American clergyman,XVI.429. 
 Walker, John, English lexicographer, XVI.429. 
 Walker, Robert James, American statesman, 
 XVI. 429 ; IX. 755, 2 ab. 
 
 Walker, Sears Cook, American mathemati¬ 
 cian, XVI. 429. 
 
 Walker, William, American adventurer, XVI. 
 
 430 ; V. 396, 2 b. Referred to, XVI. 258,1 a. 
 Walker river, Xevada, XII. 263, 2 c. Lake, 
 264, 1 ab. 
 
 Walkerton , county seat, III. 351, 2 a. 
 
 “ Walking cases,” in yellow fever, VII. 166, 2 b. 
 Walking fern: see Walking Leak. 
 
 Walking Leaf, fern, XVI. 430 (ill.). 
 
 Wall, of Antoninus, I. 575, 2 a; of Hadrian 
 and Severus, ib ., VIII. 370, 1 c, XIV. 704, 
 1 ab, 789, 1 c; of Trajan, X. 65, 1 b, VI. 
 165, 1 c. Great wall of China, IV. 457, 2 b 
 (ill., 458). 
 
 Wallabout, Brooklyn, origin of the name, III. 
 326, 1 c. 
 
 Wallaby , Australian animal, II. 130, 2 b. 
 Wallace, county, XVI. 431. 
 
 Wallace, county seat, XVI. 431, 1 a. 
 
 Wallace, Alfred Russel, English naturalist, 
 XVI. 431. On animal development, VII. 
 11, 2 be; 12, 2 a. 
 
 Wallace, Horace Binney, American author, 
 XVI. 431. 
 
 Wallace, SirWilliam,Scottish patriot,XVI.431. 
 Wallace, William Vincent, Irish composer, 
 XVI. 432. 
 
 WALLAcniA [wal-la'-ke-a], country of S. E. 
 
 Europe, XVI. 432. History, 433, 1 b, 
 WALLAcniAN Language and Literature, XVI. 
 433. 
 
 Wallace, James William, American actor, 
 XVI. 434. John Lester, actor, 2 b. 
 
 Walla Walla, county, XVI. 434. 
 
 Walla Walla, city of Washington territory, 
 XVI. 435. 
 
 Wallenstein, Albrecht Wenzel Eusebius von, 
 
 count [val'-len-stine], duke of Friedland, &c., 
 Austrian general, XVI. 435. 
 
 Waller, county, XVI. 437. 
 
 Waller, Edmund, English poet, XVI. 437. 
 Waller’s plot, 2 b. Refugee in the Bermu¬ 
 das, II. 569, 1 be. 
 
 Waller, SirWilliam, English general, XVI.437, 
 
 Wallerius (Johann Gottschalk, 1709-85, pro¬ 
 fessor of chemistry and metallurgy at Upsal), 
 work on mineralogy by, XI. 589, 1 ab. 
 
 Wallette [wal-let'J, county, XVI. 438. 
 
 Wall Flower, plant, XVI. 438 (ill.). Other 
 names, 1 c. 
 
 Wall gilliflower: see Wall Flower. 
 
 Wallich, Dr., on bathybius, II. 391, 1 b. 
 
 Wallin, J. 0. [val-leen'j, (Johan Olof, arch¬ 
 bishop of Upsal 1837), Swedish religious 
 poet, XV. 514, 2 be. 
 
 Wallingford, Conn. (11 m. X. of Mew Haven), 
 communistic society of, XII. 529, 1 b. 
 
 Wallis [val'-lis], Switzerland: see Valais. 
 
 Wallis, assumed name of Richard Cromwell, 
 V. 508, 1 c. 
 
 Wallis, John, English mathematician, XVI. 
 438. His system of deaf-mute instruction, 
 V. 731, 1 be. 
 
 Wallis, Samuel, English navigator, referred to, 
 IV. 35, 2 ab ; XV. 144, 2 c. 
 
 Wallis, Severn Teackle, American lawyer, 
 XVI. 438. 
 
 Wallisville, county seat, IV. 238, 2 b. 
 
 Wallon, Henri Alexandre [val-lo ns ], French 
 author, XVI. 438. 
 
 Walloon process, in iron manufacture, referred 
 to, IX. 398, 2 b. 
 
 Walloons, people of Belgium, XVI. 439. 
 
 Walloostook’ river, Maine, XI. 30, 1 a; XIV. 
 533, 1 c. 
 
 Wall Paper : see Paper Hangings. 
 
 Wall pepper, plant, XIV. 751, 2 be. 
 
 Wallsall: see Walsall (Index). 
 
 Walnut, tree, XVI. 439. Flowers and fruit, 
 2 a (ills.). Black walnut, 2 c (ill., 440). 
 Rock walnut, 440, 1 c. European, ib. (ill.); 
 double, 2 a. White walnut: see Butternut. 
 
 Walpole, Sir Robert, earl of Orford, English 
 statesman, XVI. 441. See George I. and 
 George II. Horatio, Baron Walpole of 
 Wolterton, 2 a. Horace, author, 2 ab. 
 
 Walpurga, St., II. 520, 2 ab. See Walpurgis 
 Might. 
 
 Walpurgis Might [Ger. val-poor'-ghis], XVI. 
 442. St. Walpurgis, ib. 
 
 Walrus, marine arctic mammal, XVI. 442 (ill.). 
 
WALSALL 
 
 WARP 
 
 785 
 
 Walsall [wawl'-sawl], borough of England, 
 XVI. 443. (More commonly Wallsall.) 
 Wdlschland [velsh'-lant], popular German name 
 of Italy, XVI. 425, 2 b. 
 
 Walsh, Robert, American author, XVI. 443. 
 Walsingham, Sir Francis [wfll'-sing-um], Eng¬ 
 lish statesman, XVI. 443. 
 
 Walter, John, founder of the London “Times,” 
 XVI. 443. John (2d), 2 b. John (3d), 2 c. 
 Walter, Thomas Ustick, American architect, 
 XVI. 443. 
 
 Walterborough , county seat, V. 63, 1 c. 
 
 Walters, Mrs. Lucy , mistress of King Charles 
 II., and mother of the duke of Monmouth, 
 IV. 283, 2 be; XI. 754, 2 a. 
 
 Walter the Penniless: see Crusades, V. 528, 2 b. 
 Wal'tham, town of Massachusetts, XVI. 444. 
 Walther yon der Vogelweide [val'-ter fon 
 der fo'-ghel-vi-deh], German minnesinger, 
 XVI. 444. 
 
 Walton, two counties, X\H. 444. 
 
 Walton, Brian, English prelate, XVI. 444. 
 
 See Polyglot, XIII. 687, 2 c. 
 
 Walton, George, a signer of the Declaration 
 of Independence, XVI. 444. 
 
 Walton, Izaak, English author, XVI. 445. 
 Walworth, two counties, XVI. 445. 
 Walworth, Reuben Hyde, American jurist, 
 XVI. 445. Mansfield Tracy, novelist, 2 b. 
 Clarence, 2 be. 
 
 Warnba, King (Visigothic king of Spain about 
 672-80), referred to, VIII. 311, 2 b. 
 Wampano'cigs: see Massachusetts Indians, 
 and XIV. 297, 1 a. 
 
 Wampum, Indian currency, XVI. 445 ; II. 412, 
 2 b. Wampumpaque, ib. Wampumpeag, 
 XVI. 445, 2 c. 
 
 Wandering Jew, The, XVI. 446. 
 
 Wandering Jew , plant, XIV. 657, 1 a. 
 Wanderoo' : see Macaque, X. 766, 2 b. 
 Wandsbeck Messenger: see Claudius, Matthias. 
 Wane cloud , IV. 711, 1 be. 
 
 Wapakoneta , county seat, II. 107, 2 a. 
 Wapello, county, XVI. 446. 
 
 Wapello , county seat, X. 666, 2 c. 
 
 Wapiti [wa-pe'-te], deer, XVI. 446 (ill.). Other 
 names, 447, 1 a. See Elk, VI. 541, 1 a; 
 Buck, III. 385, 1 c. 
 
 Wappeks, Gustave, Flemish painter, XVI. 447. 
 War: see references, XVI. 447. 
 
 War, public , X. 227, 1 b. 
 
 War of the public weal: see League of (Index). 
 Warbeck, Perkin, pretender to the English 
 throne, XVI. 447; IX. 515, 2 be. 
 
 50 
 
 Warbler, bird, XVI. 447. 
 
 Warburton, Eliot Bartholomew George, Brit¬ 
 ish author, XVI. 447. 
 
 Warburton, William, English author and 
 bishop, XVI. 448. His “ Divine Legation” 
 attacked by Gibbon, VII. 797, 2 a. 
 
 Ward, Artemas, American general, XVI. 448; 
 
 X. 299, 2 be; I. 86, 2 c. 
 
 Ward, Artemus: see Browne, Charles Farrar. 
 Ward, Captain, his invention of the life belt, 
 X. 424, 1 ab. 
 
 Ward, Edward Matthew, English painter, XVI. 
 448. 
 
 Ward, Henry Augustus, American naturalist, 
 XVI. 449. 
 
 Ward, James, English painter, XVI. 449. 
 Ward, John Quincy Adams, American sculp¬ 
 tor, XVI. 449., 
 
 Ward, Nathaniel, English clergyman,XVI.449. 
 Ward, Robert Plumer, English author, XVI.449. 
 Ward, Samuel, American patriot, XVI. 449. 
 Samuel, soldier, 2 c. 
 
 Ward, W. H., his facsimiles of the Hamath 
 inscriptions, VIII. 409, 2 a. 
 
 Ward, William, English missionary, XVI. 450. 
 Wardian cases, for plants, VII. 152, 1 a. 
 Wardlaw, Ralph, Scottish clergyman, XVL 
 450. On miracles, XI. 625, 2 b. 
 
 Weirdie, Col.: see Clarke, Mary Anne, IV, 
 641, 1 c. 
 
 Ware, county, XVI. 450. 
 
 Ware, Bed of: see Bed, II. 445, 1 ab (ill.). 
 Ware, Henry, American clergyman, XVI. 450. 
 Henry, jr., clergyman, 2 ab. John, physi¬ 
 cian, 2 be. William, clergyman, 2 c. 
 Warehouseman, in law, XVI. 451. 
 Waresborough, county seat, XVI. 450, 1 c. 
 Warfield, county seat, XI. 207, 2 c. 
 
 Warfield, Catharine Anne (Ware), American 
 authoress, XVI. 451. (Died 1877.) 
 Warming and Ventilation, XVI. 451. Dete¬ 
 rioration of air, 2c; its effects, 452, 1 c; 
 amount required, 2 ab. Natural ventilation, 
 453, 1 b; artificial, 1 c. Fireplaces and 
 grates, ib. ; stoves, 454,1 c ; hot-air furnace, 
 455, 1 c. Water as a vehicle for heat, 456, 
 1 a; steam, 1 c. Ventilating fans and chim¬ 
 neys, 2 be. Gas jets, 457, 1 b. Point of 
 entrance of fresh air, 1 c. 
 
 Warm Springs, village of Virginia, XVI. 457. 
 Warner, Charles Dudley, American author, 
 XVI. 457. 
 
 Warner, Susan, authoress,XVI.458. Anna,lb. 
 Warp: see Weaving, XVL 523, 1 a. Warp 
 
786 
 
 WARRAH 
 
 WASHINGTON 
 
 beam, 1 b; warping, 1 c. Warp machine, 
 in lace making, X. 80, 1 a. 
 
 Warrah (wolf fox), VII. 73, 2 b. 
 
 Warranties , lineal and collateral, V. 755, 1 c. 
 Warranty, in law, XVI. 458. In convey¬ 
 ances of lands : see Deed. In marine insu¬ 
 rance, IX. 316, 2 ab, ff. In fire insurance, 
 319, 2 c, fie. 
 
 Warree', XIII. 222, 1 a (Peccary). 
 
 Warren, of rabbits, XIV. 139, 1 be. 
 
 Warren, name of fourteen counties, XVI. 459. 
 Warren , county seats, III. 181, 1 b; XVI. 14, 
 
 1 c; 460, 1 a. 
 
 Warren, James, American patriot, XVI. 461. 
 Mercy, authoress, 2 a. 
 
 Warren, Sir John Borlase, English admiral, 
 XVI. 461. 
 
 Warren, Joseph, American patriot, XVI. 461. 
 John, physician, 462,1 c. John Collins, phy¬ 
 sician, 2 a. Jonathan Mason, surgeon, 2 be. 
 Warren, Lavinia , dwarf, VI. 336, 1 c. 
 Warren, Samuel, English author, XVI. 462. 
 (Died 1877.) 
 
 Warren, William, American actor, XVI. 463. 
 Warren, William Fairfield, American clergy¬ 
 man, XVI. 463. 
 
 Warrensburg , county seat, IX. 657, 1 b. 
 Warrenton , county seats, VII. 95, 2 a; XI. 
 
 198, 2 a; XVI. 460, 1 c (two), 461, 2 a. 
 Warrick, county, XVI. 463. 
 
 Warrington, Lewis, American naval officer, 
 XVI. 463. 
 
 Warrior, the , iron-clad, IX. 381, 2 c; 382, 
 
 2 a (ill., 386). 
 
 Wars [warce], plant, VIII. 450, 2 be. 
 War'saw, government of Russian Poland, XVI. 
 463. Capital city, 2 c. History, 464, 2 a. 
 Duchy of, 2 c; XIII. 648, 1 be. 
 
 Warsatc, county seats, II. 542, 1 c; VII. 572, 
 la; X. 48, la; XIV. 319,2b; XVI. 752, 2 c. 
 Warschau, Warszawa [var'-show, var-sha'-va]: 
 see Warsaw. 
 
 Wart, excrescence, XVI. 465. 
 
 Wartburg [Ger. vart'-boorg], eastle, XVI. 465 ; 
 VI. 483, 1 c (ilk). Wartburg war, musical 
 tournament, 724, 2 a ; XVI. 465, 2 a. Wart¬ 
 burg festival, 2 b. 
 
 Wartburg , county seat, XI. 827, 1 a. 
 
 Wart Hog, XVI. 465. African, 2 c ; masked 
 water hog, 466, 1 a (ill.); painted pig, 1 b. 
 Warton, Joseph, English author, XVI. 466. 
 Thomas, author, 2 a. 
 
 Warty growths, in heart disease, VIII. 561, 2 c. 
 Warville, Brissot de [var-veel]: see Brissot. 
 
 Warwick, county, XVI. 466. 
 
 Warwick, town of Rhode Island, XVI. 466. 
 Warwick [wor'-rik], borough of England, XVI. 
 
 467. Warwick castle, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Warwick, Guy, earl of, XVI. 467. 
 
 Warwick, John Dudley, earl of: see Dudley. 
 Warwick, Richard Neville, earl of, XVI. 467. 
 See Edward IV. Earl of (Edward Planta- 
 genet, his grandson, and nephew of Edward 
 IV.), VIII. 647, 2 c; 648, 1 ab. 
 
 Warwick G. H., county seat, XVI. 466, 2 c. 
 Warwickshire, county of England, XVI. 468. 
 Wasco, county, XVI. 468. 
 
 Waseca, county, XVI. 468. 
 
 Wash, the, estuary of England, VI. 598, 2 b. 
 Washer, in gas works, VII. 637, 1 b. 
 Washington, territory, XVI. 469. Population, 
 
 1 b. Surface, 2 b. Coast line, 2 c. Rivers, 
 
 470, 1 a. Geology and minerals, 2 a. Cli¬ 
 mate, 2 b. Flora and fauna, 2 c. Industries, 
 
 471, 1 b. Commerce, 2 ab. Government, 
 
 2 c. Education, &c., 472, 1 b. History, 1 c. 
 Washington, name of 28 counties, XVI. 472. 
 Washington, capital of the United States, XVI. 
 
 476 (map, 477). Streets, 2 be; circles, 477, 
 2 a. The capitol, 2 b (ill., 478) ; bronze door 
 of, XIV. 388, 1 c. President’s house (white 
 house), XVI. 479, 2 a (ill., 478). Treasury de¬ 
 partment, 2 b (ill.). State, war, and navy 
 building, 2 c (ill.). Corcoran art building, 
 
 480.1 c (ill.). Government, 2 c. Charitable 
 institutions, 481, 1 a. Education, 1 be. Li¬ 
 braries, 2 be. History, 2 c. Burning of by 
 the British, X. 826, 2 c; responsibility for 
 its capture, I. 736, 1 b. 
 
 W ashington, borough, Pennsylvania, XVI. 482. 
 Washington, county seats, II. 424, 1 c; VII. 
 
 102.1 a; VIII. 634, lb; IX. 169,1 a; XIV. 
 
 208.2 b; 285,1 b; XVI. 475, 2 c; 476,1 b; 
 623, 2 b. 
 
 Washington, county of (now District of Colum¬ 
 bia), VI. 146, 2 b. 
 
 Washington, district of: see Tennessee, XV. 
 649, 2 a. 
 
 Washington, Bushrod, American jurist, XVI. 
 482. 
 
 Washington, George, first president of the 
 United States, XVI. 482. Voyage to the 
 West Indies, 483, 2 a. Conflicting French 
 and English claims, 2 c. Expedition through 
 the wilderness, 484,1 a. French and Indian 
 war, 1 b; Braddock’s defeat, 485, 1 b (see 
 Craik, James). Marriage, 2 ab. Life at 
 Mt. Vernon, 2 b, 487, 2 a. Commander-in- 
 
WASHINGTON 
 
 WATER 
 
 chief in the revolutionary war, 486, 2 a ; ap¬ 
 pointed lieutenant general of the French 
 army, X. 96, 2 c. Reprimand of Gen. Lee 
 at the battle of Monmouth, 301, 1 b. Let¬ 
 ter to the Pennsylvania assembly on the dis¬ 
 tress of the army, XII. 792, 1 ab. Refusal 
 of a court of inquiry to St. Clair, XIY. 528, 
 
 1 b. Headquarters at Newburgh, XII. 279, 
 
 2 ab; at Cambridge, III. 641, 2 c (ill., 642). 
 Washington elm, ib. (ill., 642). Gift to 
 Princeton college, XIII. 842, 2 b. Conven¬ 
 tion for framing the constitution, XYI. 488, 
 
 1 a. His presidency, 1 be. Intercession in 
 behalf of Lafayette, X. 98, 2 c. Quasi war 
 with France, XYI. 490, 1 a. Last illness, 
 
 1 ab. Personal appearance, &c., 2 b. Por¬ 
 traits of, 2 c: see Stuart, Gilbert. Writings 
 of, 491, 1 a; 190, 2 b. Eulogy on, by Hen¬ 
 ry Lee, 490, 2 b; X. 304, 1 b. 
 
 Washington, Maximilian de, baron, I. 376,1 a. 
 Washington, William Augustine, American 
 soldier, XYI. 491. 
 
 Washington, treaty of, XYI. 187, 1 c. 
 Washington college: see Washington and Lee 
 University. 
 
 Washington and Jefferson college, XYI. 482,1 c. 
 Washington and Lee University, XYI. 491 
 (ill.). 
 
 Washington park, Brooklyn, III. 319, 2 b. In¬ 
 terment of revolutionary martyrs, 326, 2 be. 
 Revolutionary intrenchments at, X. 626,1 ab. 
 Washington University: see Saint Louis, 
 XIV. 546, 1 a. 
 
 Washita [wash'-e-taw], river, XYI. 492. 
 Washita, counties: see Ouachita. 
 
 Washoe, county, XYI. 492. 
 
 Washoe process, of silver extraction, XY.51,2 c. 
 Washtenaw, county, XYI. 492. 
 
 Wasp, XYI. 492. Social wasps, 493,1 a (ill.); 
 solitary, 2 a. Their nests, 1 ab, ff. (ill.); 
 characteristics, 2 a. Rust-red social wasp, 
 XIII. 770, 1 c. 
 
 Wasp, sloop of war, IX. 678, 1 ab. Another, 
 II. 692, 1 a. 
 
 Waste, of silk, XV. 42, 1 a. 
 
 Waste weirs, of canals, III. 681, 2 c. 
 
 Watauga, county, XYI. 494. 
 
 Watauga association , XY. 649, 2 a (Tennessee). 
 Watch: see Clocks and Watches, IV. 700, 
 
 2 b. Invention of the spiral spring, IX. 98, 
 1 ab. First made, XII. 539, 2 c. 
 
 Watches, pitcher plant, XIII. 548, 2 a. 
 
 Watch song, in early German literature, VII. 
 763, 2 a. 
 
 Water, XYI. 494. As a standard of weight, 
 
 1 c. Physical characteristics of, 2 a. Dis¬ 
 tribution of, 495, 1 b. Solvent power of, 
 
 1 c. Of the ocean, 406, 2 be. In rocks, 
 498, 1 b. Mineral waters, 2 b.—Discovery 
 of its composition, IY. 155, 1 a. Effect of 
 lead upon, X. 248, 1 b. Water in the atmos¬ 
 phere, II. 83, 2 c; 84, 2 b. Medicated or 
 perfumed water, YI. 733, 1 b. Test of im¬ 
 pure water, VIII. 545, 1 a. 
 
 Water bed, inventor of, I. 762, 1 c. 
 
 “ Water Beggars ,” in Dutch history, I. 370, 2 c. 
 Water bellows, I. 116, 2 c; II. 745, 2 b, 746, 
 
 2 be. Use of in mining (water blast, or hy¬ 
 draulic bellows), XI. 576, 1 a. 
 
 Water blast: see Water bellows (Index). 
 Waterborough, county seat, Y. 63, 1 c. 
 
 Water buck, I. 545, 2 a (Antelope). 
 
 Water Bug, XYI. 499 (ill.). Boat flies, 2 c. 
 Waterbury, city of Connecticut, XYI. 500. 
 Water casks, charring the interior of: see 
 Chevreul, IY. 393, 2 be. 
 
 Water chinquapin (water lily), XYI. 504, 1 b. 
 Water-color Painting, XYI. 500. Stained 
 drawings, 2 b. Body-color painting, 501,1 ab. 
 Water Cress, plant, XYI. 501. Spurious, XIV. 
 725, 1 a. 
 
 Water crow , Y. 692, 2 b. 
 
 Water cure: see Hydropathy. 
 
 Wateree', river of S. Carolina, XYI. 501. 
 Water festival, Thibetan, X. 117, 1 c. 
 Waterford, county of Ireland, XYI. 501. Cap¬ 
 ital city, 2 be. 
 
 Waterford, village of New York, XYI. 502. 
 Water frame, and water twist, in cotton man¬ 
 ufacture, Y. 411, 2 c. 
 
 Water gas, VII. 639, 1 b; IY. 272, 2 a. 
 
 Water glass: see Glass, Soluble.- 
 Water hemlock, poisonous plant, IV. 577, 2 a. 
 Water hog, III. 763, 2 c. Masked, XYI. 466, 
 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Waterhouse, Alfred, English architect, XYI. 
 502. 
 
 Waterhouse, Benjamin, American physician, 
 XYI. 502. 
 
 Waterland, Daniel, English theologian, XYI. 
 
 502. On the eucharist, X. 732, 2 ab. 
 Waterlanders : see Mennonites, XI. 389, 2 a. 
 Water of Leith, near Edinburgh, YI. 405, 2 c; 
 
 408, 1 be. 
 
 Water lemon, plant, VIII. 149, 1 be. 
 
 Water Lily, XYL 502. Yellow, or yellow 
 pond lily, 2 c (ill.). Pond, or water nymph, 
 
 503, 1 be; stamens and petals, 1 c (ill.). 
 
788 
 
 WATERLOO 
 
 WAX 
 
 Common, 2 a; lily pads, ib. Sweet-scented, 
 ib. (ill.). Common European and Asiatic, 
 2 c; blue lotus of the Nile, ib. Nelumbo, 504, 
 
 1 b (ill.); sacred lotus, 1 c. Victoria, ib. (ill.). 
 Waterloo', Belgium, battle of, XVI. 505. 
 Waterloo, county of Canada, XVI. 506. 
 Waterloo, city of Iowa, XVI. 507. 
 
 Waterloo , county seats, IV. 638, 2 b; XI. 760, 
 
 2 b ; XIV. 765, 1 c. 
 
 Waterloo, Antoni [wa-ter-lo'J, Dutch engra¬ 
 ver, XVI. 507. 
 
 Waterloo bridge , London, X. 592, 1 b. 
 
 Water maize , XVI. 505, 1 a. 
 
 Water mark, on paper, XIII. 48, 2 c; 49, 1 a. 
 Watermelon - : see Melon, XI. 373, 2 be. Car¬ 
 olina, 374, 1 a (ill.); other varieties, 1 b. 
 Citron watermelon, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Water Meter, XVI. 507. Cochrane’s, 1 c 
 (ill.). Duboys’s, 2 b. 
 
 Water mole , animal, XII. 709, 1 c. 
 
 Water newt , XV. 875, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Water nymph (water lily), XVI. 503, 1 be. 
 Water Oats : see Rice, Indian. 
 
 Water opossum : see Yapock. 
 
 Water pepper, plant, XIII. 689, 1 a. 
 
 Water persicaria, plant, XIII. 688, 2 c. 
 
 “ Water poet, the: ” see Taylor, John, XV. 
 594, 1 ab. 
 
 Water-proof clothing, Japanese, XIII. 51, 1 a. 
 Water rail, bird, XIV. 169, 2 ab. 
 
 Water Ram : see Hydraulic Ram. 
 
 Water Rat, Tasmanian animal, XVI. 507. 
 Water-retting, or rotting, of flax, VII. 264, 1 a. 
 Waters, bag of (obstetrics), XII. 569, 2 c; 570, 
 1 a. 
 
 Water salamander, XV. 875, 1 a. 
 
 Water scorpion, XVI. 500, 1 ab (ill.). 
 
 Water Shield, aquatic plant, XVI. 508 (ill.). 
 Water sky, XIII. 653, 2 c. 
 
 Waterson, theory of the sun’s heat, VIII. 568, lc. 
 Water Spout, XVI. 508. 
 
 “ Water syringes useful at fires: ” see Eire En¬ 
 gine, VII. 210, 1 be. 
 
 W aterton, Ch arles, Engli sh n aturalist, XVI.508. 
 Watertown, city of New York, XVI. 508. 
 Watertown, city of Wisconsin, XVI. 509. 
 Water turkey, V. 692, 2 b. 
 
 Waterville, town of Maine, XVI. 509. Colby 
 university (Waterville college), 2 ab. 
 Watervliet arsenal: see West Troy. 
 Waterway, of a ship, XIV. 863, 1 be. 
 
 Water Wheel: see Wheel, XVI. 592, 2 b. 
 Water Witch, American exploring steamer: 
 see Paraguay, XIII. 68, 1 c. 
 
 Water Works, XVI. 509. Reservoir system, 
 510, 1 a. Gravity system, ib. Stand-pipe 
 system, 1 c; Brooklyn water works, 2 ab. 
 Holly system, 511, 2 c; Rochester water 
 works, ib. 
 
 Watery flounder, turbot, XVI. 45, 2 c. 
 
 Watkins, H. E., surgeon, on the causes of dis¬ 
 ease in Andersonville prison, I. 474, 2 c. 
 
 Watkins Glen, XII. 357, 2 b. Referred to, III. 
 716, 1 a. 
 
 Watonwan [wat'-on-wan], county, XVI. 512. 
 
 Watson, Dr., experiments in the transmission 
 of electricity, XV. 610, 1 be. 
 
 Watson, Elkanah, American merchant and au¬ 
 thor, XVI. 512. 
 
 Watson, James Craig, astronomer, XVI. 512. 
 
 Watson, John Fanning, author, XVI. 512. 
 
 Watson, Musgrave Lewthwaite, English sculp¬ 
 tor, XVI. 512. 
 
 Watson, Richard, prelate, XVI. 512. 
 
 Watson, Richard, clergyman, XVI. 513. 
 
 Watt, James, Scottish inventor, XVI. 513. 
 James (2d), 2 b. Gregory, 2 c. 
 
 Watteau, Jean Antoine [va-tol, French paint¬ 
 er, XVI. 514. 
 
 Watts, George Frederick, English painter, 
 XVI. 514. 
 
 Watts, Isaac, English clergyman, XVI. 514. 
 
 Wat Tyler : see Richard II., XIV. 313, 2 a. 
 
 Watzmann, Mt. [vats'-man], Bavaria, II. 550,1 c. 
 
 Wauke'gan, city of Illinois, XVI. 514. 
 
 Waukesha, county, XVI. 514. 
 
 Waukesha, county seat, XVI. 514, 2 c. 
 
 Waupac'a, county, XVI. 515. 
 
 Waupaca, county seat, XVI. 515, 1 ab. 
 
 Wausau, county seat, XI. 145, 1 c. 
 
 Waushara, county, XVI. 515. 
 
 Wautoma, county seat, XVI. 515, 1 b. 
 
 Wave: see Light, X. 435, 1 c; Sound, XV. 
 182, 2 ab; Acoustics, I. 69, 2 b; and Tides. 
 
 Wave form, and wave lines, in ship building, 
 XIV. 858, 2 be. 
 
 Wave front, of light, X. 435, 2 ab. 
 
 Waverley, county seats, III. 249, 1 c; IX. 51, 
 2 c; XIII. 511, 2 c. 
 
 Wavy line, in heraldry, VIII. 672, 1 a (ilk). 
 
 Wax, XVI. 515. Animal, 1 c. Vegetable, 
 2 be, ff. Mineral resemblances, 516, 1 be. 
 Japan wax, XV. 463, 2 ab. Wax insect: 
 see China, IV. 446, 1 c. 
 
 Waxahachie, county seat, VI. 547, 2 b. 
 
 Waxbill: see Finch, VII. 190, 1 c. 
 
 Wax Figures, XVI. 516. 
 
 Wax Myrtle: see Bayberry. 
 
WAX 
 
 WEIGHTS 
 
 789 
 
 Wax Plant, XVI. 510 (ill., 517). 
 
 Waxwing, bird, XVI. 517. Bohemian,2 ab (ill.). 
 Waxwork, shrub, XVI. 517 (ill., 518). Other 
 names, 2 c; 780, 2 c. 
 
 Way, Right of: see Realty. 
 
 Wayfaring tree , XVI. 339, 1 b. 
 
 Wayland, Francis, American clergyman and 
 author, president of Brown university, XVI. 
 518. See Moral Philosophy, XI. 815, 2 b. 
 Wayland Smith's cave , II. 561, 1 be. 
 
 Wayne, name of fifteen counties, XVI. 518. 
 Wayne, Anthony, American soldier, XVI. 520. 
 Waynesborough , county seats, III. 455, 2 b; 
 
 XVI. 519, 2 a (two). 
 
 Waynesburg , county seat, VIII. 227, 2 a. 
 Waynesville , county seats, VIII. 553, 2 a; XIV. 
 78, 2 a. 
 
 Ways, for launching ships, XIV. 863, 2 c. 
 Waywode, military and civil officer, XVI. 521. 
 
 Referred to, XIV. 782, la; II. 57, 2 b. 
 Weak Fish, XVI. 521 (ill.). 
 
 Weakley, county, XVI. 521. 
 
 Weasel, XVI. 521. Common American, 2 b; 
 
 European, 2 be (ill.) ; bridled, 522, 1 a. 
 Weather , changes of predicted by the barome¬ 
 ter, II. 328, 2 be. Weather bureau, 329,1 b. 
 See Signal Service. 
 
 Weathercock, sobriquet, XV. 829, 1 c. 
 Weatherford , county seat, XIII. 109, 2 c. 
 Weather glass , XV. 698, 1 c. 
 u Weathering of peat, XIII. 218, 1 b. 
 
 Weather rose , in meteorology, XI. 446,1 c (ills.). 
 Weathersford (William, a half-breed), a Creek 
 Indian chief, IX. 489, 1 c. 
 
 Weaver Bird, XVI. 522. Nests of, 1 b (ill.). 
 Social or republican weaver, 2 a. Whydah 
 finches or widow birds, 2 ab. 
 
 Weaverville, county seat, XV. 870, 2 ab. 
 Weaving, XVI. 522. Plain, 523, 1 a. Hand 
 loom, 1 b. Jacquard loom, 524, 1 a, 525,1 b. 
 Power loom, 524, 2 a, ff. Electric loom, 
 525, 1 c. American inventions, 2 be. 
 
 Webb, county, XVI. 526. 
 
 Webb, Samuel B., American soldier, XVI. 526. 
 
 James Watson, journalist, 1 b. 
 
 Webbe, Samuel, English composer, XVI. 526. 
 Web'er, county, XVI. 526. 
 
 Weber, Albrecht Friedrich [va'-ber], German 
 orientalist, XVI. 527. 
 
 Weber, Ernst Heinrich, physiologist, XVI. 526. 
 Wilhelm Eduard, physicist, 2 c. Eduard 
 Friedrich, physiologist, 527, 1 a. 
 
 Weber, Karl Maria Friedrich Ernst von, baron, 
 composer, XVI. 527; XII. 93, 1 ab. 
 
 Webster, name of seven counties, XVI. 527. 
 Webster , county seat, IX. 482, 2 b. 
 
 Webster, Benjamin, English actor, XVI. 528. 
 Webster, Daniel, American statesman, XVI. 
 528. Legal career, 529, 1 ab, 2 ab; Dart¬ 
 mouth college case, 2 be: see Dartmouth 
 College (Index). Public life, 1 b; 530,1 b. 
 Appearance and habits, 2 b. Works, 2 c; 
 201, 1 a. 
 
 Webster, Ebenezer, American patriot, XVI. 
 
 533. Ezekiel, lawyer, 1 b. 
 
 Webster, John, English dramatist, XVI. 533. 
 Webster, Noah, American philologist, XVI. 
 
 533 ; VI. 94, 2 c, 95, 1 b. 
 
 Webster, Pelatiah (1725-95, merchant of Phil¬ 
 adelphia), on money, &c., XIII. 674, 2 c. 
 Webster, Thomas, English painter, XVI. 534. 
 Webster City, county seat, VIII. 413, 2 c. 
 Webster Court House, county seat, XVI. 527, 2 c. 
 Wedderburn, Alexander, British jurist, XVI. 
 
 534. His attack upon Franklin, VII. 438, 2 a. 
 Wedge: see Mechanics, XI. 328, 2 c (ill.). 
 Wedgwood, Josiali, English potter, XVI. 534; 
 
 XIII. 783, 1 a. Wedgwood ware, 1 ab (ill.); 
 786, 2 c. 
 
 Wednesday, XVI. 534. 
 
 Wedowee, county seat, XIV. 199, 1 c. 
 
 Weed, Thurlo w, American j ournalist, XV1. 534. 
 Week, XVI. 535. See Calendar, III. 578, 2 b. 
 Weenix, or Weeninx, Jan Baptist [wa'-niks, 
 -ninks], the Old, Dutch painter, XVI. 535. 
 Jan the Younger, 2 be. 
 
 Weeper : see Penance, XIII. 244, 2 c. 
 
 Weeping philosopher : see Heraclitus. 
 
 Weevil, insect, XVI. 535. Grain weevil, 2 c; 
 nut, 536, 1 a; pea, 1 ab (ill.); palm, 1 be; 
 pine, 1 c; white pine, ib. (ill., V. 581); plum : 
 see Curculio. 
 
 Weft: see Weaving, XVI. 523, 1 a. 
 Weg'efarth, county, XVI. 536. 
 
 Wehrgeld [vair'-ghelt]: see Blood Money, II. 
 
 738, 1 c, and III. 755, 2 a. 
 
 Weichsel [vike'-sel]: see Vistula. 
 
 Weigela [wl-ghe'-la], shrub, XVI. 536 (ill.). 
 Bush honeysuckle, 2 c. Chinese and Japan¬ 
 ese, ib. 
 
 Weighing Machines, XVI. 537. 
 
 Weigh lock, of a canal, III. 681, 2 b (ill.). 
 Weight , in the prize ring, XIV. 75, 2 b. 
 Weights and Measures, XVI. 537. Natural 
 measures of space and time, 2 b. The balance, 
 or scales, 2 c. Plistory: in ancient times, 
 538,1 c ; in England, 2 b, 542,1 be; in Amer¬ 
 ica, 540, 1 c. Metric standards, 541, 1 a. 
 
790 
 
 WEIL 
 
 WERNER 
 
 International standard commission, 542, 1 c. 
 Summary of weights and measures, 543-’4. 
 Weil, Gustav [vile], German orientalist, XVI. 
 544. 
 
 Weilen, Joseph [vi'-len], poet, XVI. 545. 
 Weimar [vl'-mar], city of Germany, XVI. 545. 
 Weimar, Bernhard, duke of: see Bernhard. 
 Weinland, Dr., his classification of tape worms, 
 
 VI. 666,2 c. On the color of birds’ feathers, 
 
 VII. 106, 2 b. 
 
 Weir, Robert Walter [weer], American paint¬ 
 er, XVI. 545. John Ferguson, 2 ab. 
 Weisbach, Julius [vice'-ba k h], German mathe¬ 
 matician, XVI. 545. 
 
 Weishattpt, Adam [vice'-howpt], founder of 
 the Illuminati, XVI. 545. 
 
 Weissenburg [vl'-sen-boorg], county of Hun¬ 
 gary : see Stuhl-Weissenburg. 
 Weissenburg, town of Alsace, XVI. 546. 
 Weissenburg, III. 795, 1 b (Carlsburg). 
 Weissenfels [vi'-sen-felce], town of Prussia, 
 XVI. 546. 
 
 Weland, mythical Norse hero, II. 562, 1 c. 
 Welby, Amelia B., American poetess, XVI. 546. 
 Weld, plant, XVI. 546 (ill.). 
 
 Weld, county, XVI. 546. 
 
 Weld, Theodore Dwight, American philan¬ 
 thropist, XVI. 546. Angelina Emily Grimke, 
 his wife, 2 c. 
 
 Welf: see Guelphs and Ghibellines, VIII. 
 
 296, 1 c; Dante, V. 670, 2 b. 
 
 Welhaven, Johan Sebastian Cammermeier 
 [vel'-ha-ven], Norwegian poet, XVI. 547. 
 Welland, river of Canada, XVI. 547. Wel¬ 
 land canal, ib. ; III. 687, 2 b. 
 
 Welland, county of Canada, XVI. 547. 
 Welland, county seat, XVI. 547, 1 c. 
 Wellesley [welz'-le], province of the Straits 
 Settlements, XVI. 547. 
 
 Wellesley, Arthur: see Wellington, duke of. 
 Wellesley, Richard Colley, marquis, British 
 statesman, XVI. 547. 
 
 Wellington, county of Canada, XVI. 548. 
 Wellington, city of New Zealand, XVI. 548. 
 Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, duke of, Brit¬ 
 ish soldier, XVI. 548. Referred to, XIV. 
 229, 2 b. 
 
 Wellington barracks, London, X. 613, 1 b. 
 Wellingtonia: see Sequoia, XIV. 772, 2 b. 
 u Well of souls,” in Jerusalem, IX. 615, 1 be. 
 Wells, county, XVI. 550. 
 
 Wells, dark, in the microscope, XI. 521, 1 c. 
 
 W ells, David Ames, American economist, XVI. 
 550; XIII. 677, 2 c. 
 
 Wells, Horace, American dentist, XVI. 551. 
 Wells, Samuel Roberts, American phrenolo¬ 
 gist, XVI. 551. 
 
 Wells, William Charles, British physician, 
 XVI. 551. Experiments on the formation 
 of dew, VII. 60, 2 c. 
 
 Wellsborough, county seat, XV. 767, 1 b. 
 Wellsburg, county seat, III. 316, 1 c. 
 Wellwood: see Moncreiff. 
 
 Weis, Ernst von [fon velce], German baron, 
 . advocacy of foreign missions by, XI. 640, 1 b. 
 Welsh language, IV. 178, 2 b. Literature, 
 
 179.1 b. 
 
 Welwitschia, genus of plants, XVI. 551. W. 
 mirabilis, ib. (ill., 552). Growth of, XIII. 
 576, 1 b. 
 
 Wen, tumor, XVI. 552. 
 
 Wen'ceslas, German emperor, XVI. 552. Re¬ 
 ferred to, 829, 1 c, 2 a. See Nepomucen. 
 Wends, Slavic tribe, XVI. 552; III. 209, 2 a, b; 
 
 X. 724, 2 b. Southern Wends : see Winds. 
 Wener [va'-ner], lake, Sweden, XV. 502, 2 a. 
 W T ensleydale, Lord: see Parliament, XIII. 
 113, 2 a, h. 
 
 Wentletrap, mollusk, XVI. 553 (ill.); XI. 
 723, 1 c. 
 
 Wentworth, county, XVI. 553. 
 
 Wentworth, county seat, XIV. 369, 1 a. 
 Wentworth, Charles Watson: see Rocking¬ 
 ham, marquis of. 
 
 Wentworth, Thomas: see Strafford (Index). 
 Wentworth, William, early colonist of New 
 Hampshire, XVI. 553. John, lieutenant 
 governor, 2 c. Benning, governor, 554,1 a, 
 
 318.1 a; “Lady Wentworth,” 554, 1 b. Sir 
 John, governor, 1 be. John, patriot (“Col. 
 John,” or “Judge John”), 2 b. John, jr., 
 patriot, 2 be. John, English lawyer, 2 c. 
 John, American journalist, ib. 
 
 Wenzel [ven'-tsel]: see Wenceslas. 
 
 Wenzel (Karl Friedrich, 1740-’93), on chemical 
 equivalents: see Chemistry, IV. 365, 2 b. 
 Werburgh, St., abbey of, IV. 389, 1 a (Chester). 
 Wergeland, Henrik Arnold [vair'-geh-land], 
 Norwegian poet, XVI. 555. 
 
 Wermland [vairm'-land], lan of Sweden, XVI. 
 555. 
 
 Werner, Abraham Gottlob [vair'-ner], German 
 mineralogist, XVI. 555 ; XI. 589,1 b. Views 
 of geology, VII. 688, 2 ab ; 690, 2 a. 
 
 Werner, Anton von, painter, XVI. 555. 
 Werner, Friedrich Ludwig Zacharias, drama¬ 
 tist, XVI. 555. 
 
 Werner, Karl, painter, XVI. 555. 
 
WERNERIANS 
 
 WEST 
 
 791 
 
 Wernerians: see Geology, VII. 689, 1 b. 
 
 VYesel [va'-zel], town of Prussia, XVI. 556. 
 
 Synod of, XIV. 254, 2 c. 
 
 Weseb [va'-zer], river of Germany, XVI. 556. 
 Wesley, Samuel, English clergyman, XVI. 
 556. Samuel, teacher, 2 a. John, founder 
 of Methodism, 2 b; his “Notes on the New 
 Testament,” II. 526, 1 c. Charles, clergy¬ 
 man, XVI. 558, 2 c. See Methodism. 
 Wesleyan booh concern , XI. 453, 1 c. 
 
 Wesleyan grove , seat of a Methodist camp meet¬ 
 ing, VI. 403, 2 c. 
 
 Wesleyans: see Methodism, XI. 452, 1 b. 
 Wesleyan University, Connecticut, XVI. 559 
 (view). 
 
 Wesleyan University, Ohio, XVI. 560. 
 Wessel, John [ves'-sel], a “ reformer before 
 the reformation,” XVI. 560. 
 
 Wessex, kingdom of the Saxon heptarchy, 
 XVI. 560. 
 
 West, Benjamin, Anglo- American painter, XVI. 
 
 560. 
 
 West, Stephen, American clergyman, XVI.561. 
 Westall, Richard, English painter, XVI. 561. 
 William, 1 c. 
 
 West Baton Rouge, parish of Louisiana, XVI. 
 
 561. 
 
 West Bend , county seat, XVI. 475, 2 b. 
 
 West Bridgewater : see Bridgewater. 
 Westbury, Lord Chancellor (Richard Bethell, 
 Baron Westbury, born 1800, chancellor 
 1861), referred to, III. 264, 2 be. 
 Westchester, county of New York, XVI. 561. 
 West Chester, borough of Pennsylvania, 
 XVI. 561. 
 
 Westcott, Brooke Foss, English clergyman, 
 XVI. 562. 
 
 West End , London, X. 618, 2 be. 
 Westerbotten, lan of Sweden, XVI. 562. 
 Western Australia, British colony, XVI. 562. 
 “ Western company ,” grantees of Louisiana, 
 X. 677, 2 c. 
 
 Western Empire, XVI. 563. 
 
 Western Islands: see Azores, and Hebrides. 
 Wester Norrland, lan of Sweden, XVI. 565. 
 Western posts , held by Great Britain in viola¬ 
 tion of the treaty of 1783, XVL 161, 2 b; 
 surrender of (1796), 2 c. 
 
 Western Reserve , district of Ohio, XII. 602, 2 a. 
 Western Reserve college , IX. 28, 2 ab. 
 Westerwald [ves'-ter-valt], mountain range of 
 Germany, XVL 565. 
 
 Westfalen [vest'-fa-len]: see Westphalia. 
 West Feliciana, parish of Louisiana, XVL 565. 
 
 West Flanders: see Flanders, West. 
 
 WYst Indies, XVI. 566. (Map.) 
 
 Westinghouse air brake , III. 206, 2 a. 
 
 West Liberty , county seat,- XI. 827, 1 b. 
 
 West Lothian: see Linlithgowshire. 
 Westmacott, Sir Richard, English sculptor, 
 XVL 567. Richard, his son, 1 b. 
 Westmanland [vest'-man-land], lan of Sweden, 
 XVI. 567. 
 
 Westmeath, county of Ireland, XVL 567. 
 Westminster, district of London, X. 591, 2 c. 
 Westminster bridge, 592,1 ab. Westminster 
 hall, 610, 2 a. New palace of, 609, 2 a. 
 School, 604, 1 c. 
 
 Westminster, county seat, IV. 29, 1 b. 
 Westminster Abbey : see London, X. 600,1 a 
 
 ' (ill-). 
 
 Westminster Assembly of Divines, XVI. 567. 
 “ Confession of Faith,” 568, 1 b ; XIII. 810, 
 2 c. Westminster catechism, XVI. 567, 1 c. 
 “ Westminster Review,' 1 ' 1 II. 538, 1 a; XIII. 
 295, 2 ab. 
 
 Westmore'land, two counties, United States, 
 XVL 568. 
 
 West'moreland, county of England, XVL 569. 
 Westmorland, county of Canada, XVI. 569. 
 Westmorland, England: see Westmoreland. 
 Weston, city of Missouri, XVL 569. 
 
 Weston, county seat, X. 383, 1 b. 
 
 Westover manuscripts, III. 507, 2 c (Byrd). 
 Westpha'les, Saxon tribe, XVI. 569, 2 c. 
 Westphalia, province of Prussia, XVI. 569. 
 Duchy of, 2 c. Circle of, ib. Kingdom of, 
 570, 1 ab; III. 27, 2 a. Peace (or treaty) 
 of: see Thirty Years’ War (Index). 
 
 West Plains, county seat, IX. 22, 2 a. 
 
 West Point, village of New York, XVI. 570 
 (view); IX. 30,1 ab. U. S. military academy, 
 XVL 570, 2 a; XI. 538, 1 b. 
 
 West Point, county seats, V. 53, 1 be; 569, 2 a. 
 West Troy, village of New York, XVI. 572. 
 West Union, county seats, I. 82, 1 b; VI. 174, 
 1 c; VII. 102, 1 c. 
 
 Westville, county seat, XV. 60, 2 b. 
 
 West Virginia, state, XVI. 572. State seal 
 (ill.), ib. Population, 2 c. Topography, 
 573, 1 c. Flora, 2 be. Minerals, 2 c; min¬ 
 eral springs, 574, 2 ab. Climate, 2 b. Agri¬ 
 culture, ib. Manufactures, 575, 1 ab. In¬ 
 tercommunication, 2 b. Commerce, 2 be. 
 Government, 2 c. Finances, 576, 2 a. Pub¬ 
 lic institutions, 2 be. Education, 2 c. Li- 
 ' • 
 
 braries, newspapers, &c., 577, 2 ab. Religious 
 organizations, 2 b. History, 2 c. 
 
792 
 
 WESTWOOD 
 
 WHEEL 
 
 Westicood (John Obadiah, born 1805, professor 
 of zoology at Oxford), classification of in¬ 
 sects by, VI. 662, 1 a. 
 
 Wether ell, Sir Charles (1770-1846, attorney 
 general), allusion to, III. 293, 1 c. 
 
 Wetherell, Elizabeth , pseudonyme: see War¬ 
 ner, Susan. 
 
 Wet-lime process, for purifying gas, VII. 637, lb. 
 
 Wetmore, county, XVI. 578. 
 
 Wetstein : see Wettstein. 
 
 Wette, Wilhelm Martin Leberecht de : see De 
 Wette. 
 
 Wetter [vet'-ter], lake, Sweden, XV. 502, 2 a. 
 
 Wettstein, Johann Jakob [vet'-stine], Swiss 
 scholar, XVI. 578. 
 
 Wetumplca , county seat, VI. 553, 1 a. 
 
 Wet'zel, county, XVI. 578. 
 
 Wexford, county of Michigan, XVI. 578. 
 
 Wexford, county of Ireland, XVI. 578. Capi¬ 
 tal, 579, 1 a. 
 
 Weyer’s Cave, Virginia, XVI. 579. 
 
 Weyhill, fair of, I. 481, 1 a; VII. 58, 2 ah. 
 
 Weymouth [wa'-muth], town of Massachusetts, 
 XVI. 579. 
 
 Whale, XVI. 579. Baleen 'whales, 580, 1 b; 
 right, or Greenland, 1 c (ill.); southern, or 
 cape, 2 c; black, XIV. 430, 2 a. Sperm 
 whales, XVI. 581,1 a (ills,). Bottle-nosed: 
 see Dolphin, VI. 192, 2 ab; white, or be¬ 
 luga, 193,1 a; howling, 1 ab. Bottle-nosed 
 of Honfleur, XVI. 581, 2 c; toothless, ib. 
 Fossil whales, ib. Age of, I. 182, 2 c. 
 
 Whale bait, XI. 722, 1 c. 
 
 Whalebone, XVI. 582; VIII. 817, 1 c. Of 
 the rorqual, XIV. 429, 2 ab. 
 
 Whale Fishery, XVI. 582. Outfit, 1 be. 
 Capture of whales, 2 a. From the United 
 States, 583, 1 b; Great Britain, 2 b. His¬ 
 tory, 2 c. 
 
 Whale louse, XVI. 579, 2 c. 
 
 Whale oil, process of “ trying out,” XVI. 583, 
 
 1 ab. 
 
 Whalley, Edicard (general): see Goffe, Wil¬ 
 liam (Index). 
 
 Wharton, county, XVI. 584. 
 
 Wharton, county seat, XVI. 584, 1 c. 
 
 Wharton, Francis, American author, XVI. 584. 
 
 Wharton, Grace and Philip , pseudonvmes 
 XV. 718, 2 a. 
 
 Wharton, Henry, English clergyman, XVI. 
 
 584. 
 
 Wharton, Thomas, English physician, XVI. 
 
 585. Wharton’s duct, ib. ; XIV. 566, 1 be. 
 
 Wharton, Thomas Wharton, marquis of, Eng¬ 
 
 lish statesman, XVI. 584. Philip Wharton 
 duke of, 2 c. 
 
 Whatcom [hwat'-kum], county, XVI. 585. 
 
 Whatcom, county seat, XVI. 585, 2 a. 
 
 Wiiately, Richard, English prelate, XVI. 585. 
 His “ Elements of Logic,” X. 581, 1 a. 
 
 Wheat, XVI. 585. Wheat genus, 2 c. Cul¬ 
 tivation of, 586, 1 c, ff*. Varieties, 2 c; 
 spring, ib. ; winter, ib., 587, 1 a (ills.). 
 “Mummy wheat,” 2 ab; Egyptian, 2 b; 
 one-grained, or St. Peter’s corn, 2 c (ill.); 
 spelt, ib. (ill.). Constituents of wheat, 588, 
 1 a. Flour, 1 ab; wheat grain, ib. (ill.); 
 wheaten grits, 2 b. Wheat straw, 2 be; 
 attacked by mildew (ill.), VII. 532, 2 a. 
 
 Wheat Fly, XVI. 588 (ill., 589). 
 
 Wheat grass, V. 420, 2 be (Couch Grass). 
 
 Wheatley, Phillis, negro poetess, XVI. 589. 
 
 Wheat Moth, XVI. 589. Corn moth, 1 c 
 (ill.). Angoumois grain moth, 2 ab. 
 
 Wheaton, Henry, American publicist, XVI. 
 589. Editions of his “ Elements of Inter¬ 
 national Law,” 590, 2 a; V. 661, 1 be; X. 
 235, 2 c. Definition of the law of nations, 
 X. 222, 1 ab. 
 
 Wheatstone, Sir Charles, English physicist, 
 XVI. 590. His invention of the polar clock, 
 X. 451, 1 b. Experiments in acoustics, XV, 
 174, 2 c. Stereoscope, 376, 1 c (ill.). Sys¬ 
 tem of telegraphs for cities, 620,1 b. Dura¬ 
 tion of an electric spark measured by, VI. 
 508, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Whedon, Daniel Denison, American clergy¬ 
 man, XVI. 591. 
 
 Wheel, XVI. 591. Varieties, 1 b. Train of 
 wheels, 2 a. Carriage wheels, 2 b; car, 
 592, 1 b; water, 2 b : see Turbine. —Con¬ 
 struction of a coach wheel, IV. 724, 1 c. 
 Wheel and axle, XI. 327, 1 b (ills.). Potter’s 
 throwing wheel, XIII. 787, 2 ab (ills.). 
 Broad tread car wheels, XIV. 173, 2 c. 
 
 Wheel, instrument of torture, referred to, XV. 
 815, 1 c. 
 
 Wheeler, Prof, his preparation of calomel, HI. 
 624, 2 c. 
 
 Wheeler, Sir Hugh, British commander at 
 Cawnpore, IV. 158, 2 a. 
 
 Wheeler, William Adolphus, American lexi 
 cographer, XVI. 593. 
 
 Wheeling, city of West Virginia, XVI. 593. 
 
 Wheelock, Eleazar, American clergyman, 
 XVI. 594. John, 1 c. See Dartmouth 
 College, V. 695, 2 a, If. 
 
 Wheel stones: see Encrinite, VI. 593, 1 c. 
 
WHEELWRIGHT 
 
 WHITE 
 
 793 
 
 Wheelwright, John, American clergyman, 
 XVI. 594. 
 
 Wheelwright, William, capitalist, XYI. 594. 
 Whelk, mollusk, XYI. 595 (ill.); XI. 723, 1 c. 
 WnEWELL, William [hu'-el], English philoso¬ 
 pher, XYI. 595. Referred to, XIII. 446, 2 c. 
 WhewelVs anemometer, I. 489, 2 a. 
 
 Whig and Tory, XYI. 595. Tory party in the 
 United States, 596,1 a ; whig, ib., 1.104, 2 c. 
 Whiggamore, XYI. 595, 2 a (Whig and Tory). 
 Whimbrel: see Curlew, Y. 584, 1 be. 
 
 Whin: see Ules. Another: see Woodwaxen. 
 Whin Chat : see Stone CnAT. 
 
 Whip , of windmill, XYI. 661, 2 be. 
 
 Whip, the , challenge trophy, XYI. 48, 1 c. 
 Whipple, Abraham, American naval officer, 
 XYI. 596. 
 
 Whipple, Edwin Percy, author, XYI. 596. 
 Whipple, William, a signer of the Declaration 
 of Independence, XYI. 596. 
 
 Whippoorwill, bird, XVI. 596 (ill.). 
 Whip-Tom-Kelly: see Vireo, XYI. 369, 2 b. 
 Whirlicote , kind of carriage, IY. 723, 1 a. 
 Whirlwind, XYI. 597. 
 
 Whisker , part of the beard, II. 420, 2 b. 
 Whiskey, XYI. 597. Manufacture of in Scot¬ 
 land, YI. 141, 2 c. Adulteration of, I. 134, 
 1 a. Whiskey barrel, II. 336, 1 a. 
 
 “Whiskey-jack” young jay, IX. 580, 1 a. 
 Whiskey liver , disease, YI. 266, 1 b. 
 
 Whiskey rebellion or insurrection , XIII. 271, 
 
 1 ab; X. 304, 1 ab; XYI. 489, 2 be. Re¬ 
 ferred to, VII. 23, 2 a; 572, 2 b; III. 178, 
 
 2 ab; XI. 541, 2 a. 
 
 Whist, game of cards, XYI. 598. Modern 
 rules of short whist (text), 599, 1 a. 
 
 Whistle, steam alarm, I. 239, 1 a. 
 
 Whistler, George Washington, American en¬ 
 gineer, XYI. 601. 
 
 Whiston, William, English clergyman,XVI. 601. 
 Whitaker, John, clergyman, XYI. 601. 
 Whitbread, Samuel, statesman, XYI. 602. 
 Whitby, town of Canada, XYI. 602. 
 
 Whitby, Daniel, English clergyman, XYI. 602. 
 WniTE : see Color. Permanent white, adul¬ 
 terating pigment, XY. 453, 2 c. 
 
 White, name of five counties, XYI. 602. 
 White, Andrew Dickson, American scholar, 
 XVI. 602. 
 
 White, Gilbert, English naturalist, XYI. 603. 
 
 On the pulvilli of flies, YII. 294, 2 a. 
 
 White, Henry Kirke, English poet, XYI. 603. 
 White, James, explorer, V. 107, 2 c. 
 
 White, JosephBlanco, English author,XYI.603. 
 
 White, Peregrine, first English child born in 
 New England, XVI. 603. 
 
 White, Richard Grant, American author, XYI. 
 603. 
 
 White, William, American bishop, XYI. 604. 
 White Ant: see Termites. 
 
 White'bait, fish, XYI. 604 (ill.). 
 
 White Bear (polar bear) : see Bear, II. 417, 
 
 1 c (ill.). 
 
 White Brethren: see Brethren, White. 
 White'cap, raspberry, XIY. 210, 1 c. 
 
 “ White companions ,” freebooters, IY. 662, 1 a. 
 White copper, XYI. 817, 1 be (Zinc). 
 
 White crow, condor so called, Y. 218, 2 b. 
 Whitefield, George [hwit'-feeld], English cler¬ 
 gyman, XYI. 604. Whitefield Methodists, 
 XI. 453, 2 b. Whitefield’s chapel in Lon¬ 
 don, X. 598, 2 b. 
 
 White Fish, XYI. 605. 
 
 Whitejish (white whale), YI. 193, 1 a. 
 
 White flux, for assaying, Y. 469, 1 c. 
 
 White granite ware, XIII. 790, 2 b. 
 
 White gunpowder, YII. 38, 1 c. 
 
 Whitehall', village of New York, XYI. 605. 
 Whiteha'ven, seaport of England, XYI. 605. 
 White'head, William, English poet, XYI. 605. 
 White Horse, Saxon or Danish monument, II. 
 
 562, 1 c. Scouring of the, ib. 
 
 White house: see Washington, city (Index). 
 White Knives, American Indians, XY. 6, 2 a. 
 White ladies: see Fairies, YII. 64, 1 b. White 
 lady of Avenel, ib. 
 
 White Lead : see Lead, X. 245, 2 ab, ff. 
 Whitelocke, Bulstrode [hwit'-lok], English 
 statesman, XYI. 605. 
 
 White man's fly (bee), II. 456, 2 c. 
 
 White man's foot (plantain), XIII. 594, 2 c. 
 White metal: see Britannia Metal. 
 
 White Mountains, New Hampshire, XYI. 
 
 606. Allusion to, I. 589, 2 b. 
 
 White nun, bird, XY. 112, 2 c. 
 
 White Pine, county, XYI. 607. 
 
 WniTE Plains, town of New York, XYI. 607. 
 Battle of, 2 c. 
 
 White pom fret, fish, XI. 60, 1 b. 
 
 White rabbit, VIII. 457, 1 b (Hare). 
 
 White rainbow, VIII. 406, 1 a. 
 
 WniTE River: see Arkansas, I. 714, 1 ab. 
 White river, Indiana, IX. 233, 1 be. 
 
 White river (Nile), I. 166, 2 b. See Nile. 
 White's, club, London, X. 607, 2 be. 
 
 Whites, the, Ghibelline faction, VIII. 297, 1 be. 
 Whitesburg, county seat, X. 373, 2 b. 
 
 White Sea, XYI. 608. 
 
794 
 
 WHITESIDES 
 
 WIEN 
 
 Whitesides, county, XVI. 608. 
 
 White’s process, for making gas, VII. 640, 2 a. 
 White Sulphur Springs, village of West Vir¬ 
 ginia, XVI. 608. 
 
 White Swelling, disease, XVI. 608. 
 
 White Syrians , Semitic race, III. 759, 1 b. 
 White-top , grass, VIII. 168, 1 a. 
 
 Whiteville , county seat, V. 123, 1 b. 
 Whitewater river , of Missouri, IV. 88, 1 b. Of 
 Indiana, IX. 233, 1 b. 
 
 Whiteweed: see Daisy, V. 638, 2 a. 
 Whitewood: see Tulip Tree, XVI. 28, la; 
 
 Alburnum, I. 259, 1 c. 
 
 Whitfield, county, XVI. 609. 
 
 Whitfield, George: see Whitefield. 
 Whitgift, John, English prelate, XVI. 609. 
 Whiting: see Hake, VIII. 385, 1 a, c. 
 Whiting: see Chalk, IV. 232, 1 b. 
 
 Whiting, Richard , abbot: see Glastonbury. 
 Whiting, William, American lawyer, XVI. 609. 
 Whitley, two counties, XVI. 609. 
 
 Whitley C. H'., count} 1- seat, XVI. 609, 2 b. 
 Whitlock, Mrs. Elizabeth {Kemble), IX. 784,1 c. 
 Whitlow, abscess, XVI. 609. 
 
 Whitman, county, XVI. 610. 
 
 Whitman, Sarah Helen, American poetess, 
 XVI. 610. (Died 1878.) 
 
 Whitman, Walt, American poet, XVI. 610. 
 Whitney, Eh, American inventor, XVI. 610. 
 
 Invention of the cotton gin, V. 406, 1 ab. 
 Whitney, Josiah Dwight, American geologist, 
 XVI. 610. 
 
 Whitney, Mrs. Myra Clark: see Gaines, VII. 
 554, 2 b. 
 
 Whitney, William Dwight, American philolo¬ 
 gist, XVI. 610. His opinion of the chro¬ 
 nology of Sanskrit literature, IX. 222, 2 c. 
 Views on the origin of language, X. 146, 2 c, 
 147, 1 b, 148, 1 c. His physical scheme of 
 the English spoken alphabet, XIII. 458, 2 ab. 
 Whitneyville, Conn, (suburb of New Haven), 
 XVI. 610, 2 b. 
 
 Whitsunday: see Whitsuntide (Index). 
 Whit'suntide: see Pentecost, XIII. 277, 1 ab. 
 Whit'temore, Amos, American inventor, XVI. 
 611. Machine for making cards, ib .; III. 
 781, 2 be. 
 
 W hittemore, Thomas, American clergyman, 
 XVI. 611. 
 
 Whittier, John Greenleaf [hwit'-te-er], Amer¬ 
 ican poet, XVI. 611; 198, 1 c. 
 
 Whittingham, William Rollinson, American 
 bishop, XVI. 612. 
 
 Whitworth, Sir Joseph, English mechanician, 
 
 XVI. 612. “Whitworth scholarships,”! b. 
 Whitworth gun, I. 793, 1 c-2 a (ill.); III. 
 712, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Whooping Cough [hoop'-ing], XVI. 612. 
 Whortleberry, XVI. 612. Black, 613, 1 be 
 (ill.); dwarf, 1 c. Dangleberry, ib. (ill.). 
 Cowberry, 2 a (ill.). Dwarf blueberry, 2 be; 
 swamp, 614, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Whydah, port of Dahomey, V. 634, 2 c. 
 Whydah Bird: see Weaver Bird, XVI. 522, 
 2 ab. 
 
 Whydah finch: see Whydah Bird (Index). 
 Whydah vampire bat, VI. 635, 1 b. 
 
 Whymper, Edward, English traveller, XVI. 
 
 614. Frederick, 2 a. 
 
 Wiblingen: see Waiblingen (Index). 
 
 Wichern, Johann Heinrich [ve'-'Aern], German 
 philanthropist, XVI. 614. 
 
 Wiclie's Land [ve'- c hez], discovery of, XV. 279, 
 2 ab. 
 
 Wichita [wish'-e-taw], two counties, XVI. 614. 
 Wichita mountains, IX. 246, 2 a, c. 
 
 Wick, of a candle, proper construction of, III. 
 699, 1 b. 
 
 Wicket, in the game of cricket, V. 482, 1 c. 
 
 Single or double, 2 a. 
 
 Wickliffe: see Wycliffe. 
 
 Wicklow, county of Ireland, XVI. 614. Capi¬ 
 tal, 615, 1 a. 
 
 Wicky, plant, IX. 737, 2 c. 
 
 Wiclif: see Wycliffe. 
 
 Wicom'ico, county, XVI. 615. River, 1 a. 
 Wic'opy, shrub, XVI. 615 (ill.). Other names, 
 2 b. 
 
 Widdin: see Widin. 
 
 Wide-gab (goose fish), VIII. 109, 2 c. 
 
 Widgeon, river duck, XVI. 615. European, 
 616, 1 ab (ill., 615). American, 615, 2 c; 
 III. 733, 2 a. 
 
 Widin [vid'-in], town of Bulgaria, XVI. 616. 
 WidmannstaetV s figures [vid'-man-stets], in 
 aerolites, I. 145, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Widow, arms of, in heraldry, VIII. 674, 1 a. 
 Widow Bird: see Weaver Bird, XVI. 522,2 ab. 
 Widow's cross, plant, XIV. 751, 2 c. 
 
 Wied, Prince of [veet]: see Neuwied. 
 Wiedemann and Franz [ve'-deli-man, frants], 
 on conduction of heat, VIII. 572, 1 be. 
 Wied-Neuwied, princes of, XII. 262, 2 a. 
 Wieland, Christoph Martin [ve'-lant], German 
 author, XVI. 616. 
 
 Wieliczka [vyeh-litch'-ka]: see Salt, XIV. 
 571, 1 ab. 
 
 Wien [veen]: see Vienna. 
 
WIENER 
 
 WILLAMETTE 
 
 795 
 
 Wiener Wald [ve'-ner valt], IX. 732, 2 c. 
 
 Wieniawski, Henri [vyeh-nyav'-ske], Polish 
 violinist, XVI. G17. 
 
 Wier's cave : see Weyee’s Cave. 
 
 Wieetz, Antoine Joseph [veerts], Belgian 
 painter, XVI. 617. Wiertz museum, 2 b. 
 
 Wierus (Johann Wier or Weier, 1515-’88, phy¬ 
 sician to the duke of Cleves, opponent of 
 belief in sorcery), demonographer, his infer¬ 
 nal court, V. 794, 2 c. 
 
 Wiesbaden - [veece'-ba-den], city of Prussia, 
 XVI. 617. 
 
 Wieselbueg [ve'-zel-boorg], county of Hun¬ 
 gary, XVI. 618. 
 
 ■Wife : see Husband and Wife, and Maeeiage. 
 
 Wife, arms of in heraldry, VIII. 674, 1 a. 
 
 Wig, XVI. 618. Wig and gown, X. 237, 2 b. 
 
 Wig'an, borough of England, XVI. 618. 
 
 Wigand [ve'-gant], humorous priest, IX. 732,2 c. 
 
 Wigglers , larvse in stagnant waters, VI. 129, 
 1 b; VIII. 50, 2 c. 
 
 Wight, Isle of, England, XVI. 618. 
 
 Wight, Peter Bonnett, American architect, 
 XVI. 619. 
 
 Wightman, William May, clergyman, XVI. 619. 
 
 Wigtonshiee, county of Scotland, XVI. 619. 
 
 Wilbeefoece, William, English philanthropist, 
 XVI. 619. Robert Isaac, clergyman, 2 c. 
 Samuel, bishop, 620, 1 a. 
 
 Wilbeoed, or Willibrod, Saint, XVI. 620. 
 
 Wilbur, Dr. Hervey B ., superintendent of 
 schools for idiots, IX. 173, 2 c; 174, 1 a. 
 Dr. Charles T., 175, 1 a. 
 
 Wilcox, two counties, XVI. 620. 
 
 “ Wild boar of the Ardennesf X. 417, 1 c. 
 
 Wild Cat: see Cat, IV. 92, 2 b (ill.), and 
 Lynx, X. 754, 1 b. 
 
 Wild celery , III. 733, 1 be; XVI. 249, 2 b. 
 
 Wild cow , of Celebes, IV. 168, 2 b. 
 
 Wilde, Richard Henry, American author, XVI. 
 620. 
 
 Wilde Beest [wil'-deh baist]: see Gnu. 
 
 Wilde honden, IX. 101, 2 c (Hyaena). 
 
 Wilder , Prof B. G. (of Cornell university), 
 anatomical theory of, XIII. 429, 2 a. 
 
 Wildeeness, Battles of the, XVI. 620; X. 
 307, 2 c; VIII. 159, 1 b. 
 
 Wild garlic or leek , X. 312, 2 c ; VII. 624, 2 c. 
 
 Wild lemon , XIII. 633, 1 c. 
 
 Wild rock pigeon, IV. 27, 2 a. 
 
 Wild women: see Faieies, VII. 64, 2 c. 
 
 Wiley, Isaac William, American clergyman, 
 XVI. 622. 
 
 Wilfeed, Saint, bishop of York, XVI. 623. 
 
 Wilhelm, Karl [vil'-helm], German musician, 
 XVI. 623. 
 
 Wilhelmshaven [vil'-helmce-ha-fen], seaport 
 town of Germany, XVI-. 623. 
 
 WiLnELMSHonE [-ho-eh]: see Cassel, IV. 63, 
 
 1 b (view). 
 
 Wilibald, Saint (brother of St. Walpurgis, died 
 about 785), VI. 481, 1 b. 
 
 Wilibald Alexis : see IIaeing. 
 
 Wilibaldsburg [ve'-le-balts-poorg], castle, VI. 
 481, 1 b. 
 
 Wilkes, two counties, XVI. 623. 
 
 Wilkes, Charles, American naval officer, XVI. 
 623. Affair of the Trent, 624,1 ab ; 176,1 b; 
 X. 227, 2 c. His geographical discoveries, 
 VII. 685, 2 a. First to determine longitude 
 by electro-magnetic telegraph, X. 628, 1 be. 
 (Died 1877.) 
 
 Wilkes, John, English politician, XVI. 624. 
 Contest with the Grenville administration 
 referred to, VII. 707, 1 c. 
 
 Wilkesbaeee [wilks'-bar-re], city of Pennsyl¬ 
 vania, XVI. 624. Origin of the name, 625,1 b. 
 Wilkesborough, county seat, XVI. 623, 2 a. 
 Wilkie, Sir David, Scottish painter, XVI. 625. 
 Wilkin, county, XVI. 625. 
 
 Wilkins, Sir Charles, English orientalist, XVI. 
 625. 
 
 Wilkins, John, English prelate, XVI. 625. 
 Wilkinson, two counties, XVI. 626. 
 Wilkinson, James, American soldier, XVI. 626. 
 Wilkinson, Jemima, fanatic, XVI. 626. 
 Wilkinson, Sir John Gardner, English Egyp¬ 
 tologist, XVI. 626. On Egyptian iron mines 
 and iron utensils, IX. 389, 2 be. 
 
 Wilkinson, John James Garth, English au¬ 
 thor, XVI. 627. 
 
 Will, in law, XVI. 627. By whom property 
 may be disposed of by will, 1 c. What men¬ 
 tal incapacity invalidates a will, 2 a. Case 
 of a married woman by common law, 2 b. 
 Verbal form, ib. Execution and attestation, 
 
 2 c. Revocation of, 628, 1 ab. Republica¬ 
 tion, 1 c. Construction of, 2 a. See Legacy, 
 and Peobate. 
 
 Will, county, XVI. 628. 
 
 Will, the, reference to Cameron’s theory of, 
 III. 655, 2 a; Edwards’s, VI. 444, 1 a; Spi¬ 
 noza’s, XV. 273, 1 be; Leibnitz’s, X. 325, 
 1 b; implied in the system of Arminius, I. 
 731, 1 ab, and of Calvin, III. 632, 2 b, c. 
 Willaert [wil'-lart], composer, XII. 89, 1 a. 
 Willamette Rivee [wil-la'-inet]: see Oeegon, 
 XII. 678, 2 c. 
 
796 
 
 WILLARD 
 
 WILLOW 
 
 Willard, Emma, American educator,XVI. 628. 
 
 Willard's bromus , grass, IV. 384, 1 c. 
 
 “ Will Bigamy," sobriquet, V. 443, 2 a. 
 
 Willdenow, Karl Ludwig [vil'-deh-no], German 
 botanist, XVI. 629. 
 
 Willems, Florent, Belgian painter, XVI. 629. 
 
 William I., the Conqueror, king of England, 
 XVI. 629. His claims to the crown favored 
 by Pope Alexander II., I. 279, 1 b. His mar¬ 
 riage legalized by papal dispensation, X. 142, 
 2 b. Ruins of castle built by him, 470, 1 b. 
 
 William II., king of England, XVI. 630. 
 
 William III., king of England and stadtholder 
 of Holland, XVI. 630. Victory at Agbrim, 
 I. 187, 1 b. 
 
 William IV., king of England, XVI. 631. 
 
 William I., king of Prussia and emperor of 
 Germany, XVI. 632. 
 
 William I., king of the Netherlands, XVI. 633. 
 
 William II., king of the Netherlands, XVI. 633 . 
 
 William III., king of the Netherlands, XVI.633. 
 
 William I., king of Wiirtemberg, XVI. 634. 
 
 WTlliam, duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbiittel: 
 see Brunswick, House of, III. 364, 2 a 
 (Frederick William, duke of Brunswick). 
 
 William I. and II., electors of Hesse-Cassel: 
 see Hesse-Cassel, VIII. 707, 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 William and Mart, College of, XVI. 634 (ill.). 
 
 William Jewell college , X. 401, 1 b. 
 
 William of Aquitaine, count , II. 573, 2 b. 
 
 William of Champeaux [slia ng -poJ, French 
 scholar, XVI. 635. 
 
 William of Malmesbury : see Malmesbury, 
 William of. 
 
 William of Nassau, the Silent, prince of 
 Orange, XVI. 635. Adopts the reformed 
 faith, 636,1 b. Intrusted with full authority 
 by the estates of Holland, 2 a. Indepen¬ 
 dence of the United Provinces, 2 be. As¬ 
 sassinated, 637, 1 a. Characterization, ib. 
 
 William of Occam: see Occam. 
 
 William of Wykeham [wik'-um], English 
 statesman, XVI. 637. 
 
 William Rufus: see William II., of England. 
 
 William the Lion : see Scotland, XIV. 704, 
 2 be. 
 
 Williams, two counties, XVI. 637. 
 
 Williams , David, one of Andre’s captors, I. 
 483, 1 a. 
 
 Williams, Eleazar, American clergyman, XVI. 
 637. “ The Lost Prince,” 2 c. 
 
 Williams, Ephraim, American soldier, XVI. 
 637. Founder of Williams college, 638,1 a; 
 642 1 c. 
 
 Williams, Helen Maria, English authoress, 
 XVI. 638. 
 
 Williams, Jesse L., American engineer, XVI. 
 638. 
 
 Williams, John, American clergyman, “ the 
 redeemed captive,” XVI. 638. 
 
 Williams, John, English missionary, XVI. 638. 
 Williams, Monier, English orientalist, XVI. 639. 
 Williams, Roger, founder of Rhode Island 
 colony, XVI. 639. Denial of the magistrates’ 
 right to punish for any but civil offences, 1 c. 
 Banished by the general court, 2 b. Funda¬ 
 mental article in the government of the town 
 of Providence, 640, 1 b. 
 
 Williams, Rowland, English clergyman, XVI. 
 641. 
 
 Williams, Samuel Wells, American sinologue, 
 XVI. 641. 
 
 Williams, William, a signer of the Declaration 
 of Independence, XVI. 641. 
 
 Williams, William R., American clergyman, 
 XVI. 641. 
 
 Williamsburg, city of Virginia, XVI. 641. 
 Williamsburg, county, XVI. 642. 
 Williamsburg, county seat, V. 439, 2 b. 
 Williamsburgh, N. Y.: see Brooklyn, III. 
 
 317, 2 c; 318, 1 a; 327, 1 a. 
 
 Williams College, Massachusetts, XVI. 642. 
 Williamson, three counties, XVI. 643. 
 Williamson, Hugh, physician, XVI. 643. 
 Williamsport, city of Pennsylvania, XVI. 643. 
 Williamsport, county seat, XVI. 461, 1 a. 
 Williamston, county seat, XI. 207, 2 c. 
 Williamstown, town of Massachusetts, XVI. 
 
 643. Origin of the name, 642, 2 a. 
 Williamstown, county seat, VIII. 155, 1 b. 
 Willibrod : see Wilbeord. 
 
 Willis, Francis, English clergyman, XVI. 644. 
 Willis, Nathaniel, American journalist, XVI. 
 
 644. Nathaniel Parker, author, 1 b; 196, 
 1 c, 198, 1 b. 
 
 Willis, Thomas, English physician, XVI. 644. 
 
 “ Circle of Willis,” 2 be; I. 458, 2 b. 
 
 Willis's rooms, London, I. 340,1 b (Almack’s). 
 W illiston, Samuel, American philanthropist, 
 XVI. 644. 
 
 Willius, Sigbrit: see Sigbrit Willius (Index). 
 Will o' the wisp, IX. 177, 2 ab. 
 
 Willoughby, Sir Hugh, English explorer, XVI. 
 645 ; I. 669, 1 a. 
 
 Willow, plant, XVI. 645. Flowers, 1 c (ilk). 
 White, 646,1 b ; golden, or yellow osier, 1 c; 
 blue, ib. Brittle or crack willow, 2 a; va¬ 
 rieties, 2 c. Weeping, 647, 1 a (ill., 646); 
 
WILLOW 
 
 WINDSOR 
 
 797 
 
 American, 1 b; Kilmarnock, ib. Shining 
 (glossy), 1 c (ill., 646). Herb-like, 2 a (ill.). 
 See Osier. 
 
 Willow family , of plants, XIII. 711, 1 be. 
 Willow fly: see Mayfly, XI. 302, 1 b. 
 
 Willow grouse , bird, XIV. 60, 2 b (ill.). 
 Willowing , of cotton, V. 413, 2 a. 
 
 Will's cofee house, London, referred to, VI. 
 277, 2 b. 
 
 W illughby, Francis [wiF-lo-be], English natu¬ 
 ralist, XVI. 647. His classification of birds, 
 XII. 704, 2 b. 
 
 Willying, of wool, XVI. 718, 2 a. 
 
 Wilmington, city of Delaware, XVI. 647 (ill.). 
 Wilmington, city of North Carolina, XVI. 648. 
 Wilmington , county seat, IV. 685, 1 c. 
 
 Wilmot, John: see Rochester, earl of. 
 
 Wilmot proviso (David Wilmot, 1814—’68, M. C. 
 1845-51, U. S. senator 1861-’3, afterward a 
 U. S. judge), VII. 472, 2 ab; XVI. 169, 2 b. 
 Wilna [vil'-na], government of Russia, XVI. 
 
 649. Capital city, 2 b. 
 
 Wilson, four counties, XVI. 649. 
 
 Wilson, county seat, XVI. 650, 1 a. 
 
 Wilson, Alexander, American ornithologist, 
 XVI. 650. 
 
 Wilson, Augusta (Evans), novelist, XVI. 650. 
 Wilson, Daniel, English prelate, XVI. 650. 
 Wilson, Daniel, British author, XVI. 651. 
 Wilson, Gen. (James H.), his management of 
 cavalry, IV. 147, 2 a, ff. 
 
 Wilson, Henry, vice president of the United 
 States, XVI. 651. 
 
 Wilson, Horace Hayman, English orientalist, 
 XVI. 652. 
 
 Wilson, James, a signer of the Declaration of 
 Independence, XVI. 652. Bird, American 
 clergyman, 2 a. 
 
 Wilson, John, Scottish author, XVI. 652. 
 
 James, naturalist, 653, 1 b. 
 
 Wilson, Richard, English painter, XVI. 653. 
 
 W ilson, Sir Robert Thomas, English general, 
 XVI. 653. 
 
 Wilson, William Dexter, American clergyman, 
 XVI. 653. His system of logic, X. 581, 2 c. 
 Wilts: see Wiltshire. 
 
 Wiltshire, county of England, XVI. 653. 
 Wiltzes , Slavic tribe, referred to, III. 209, 2 a 
 Wimmer, Rev. Boniface , American Benedictine 
 abbot, II. 520, 1 c. 
 
 Wimpffen, Emmanuel Felix de [va ng p-fu ng ; Ger. 
 vimp'-fen], French soldier, XVI. 654. Re 
 ferred to, III. 54, 2 a, c. 
 
 Winamac , county seat, XIV. 78, 1 c. 
 
 Winceby field, battle of, V. 502, 1 ab. 
 
 VTnchell, Alexander, American geologist, 
 XVI. 654. 
 
 Winchester, city of Virginia, XVI. 654. His¬ 
 tory, 655, 1 a. Battle of, 2 a. 
 
 Winchester, city of England, XVI. 655. Win¬ 
 chester cathedral, 2 c (ill., 656). 
 
 Winchester, county seats, IV. 636, 1 a; VII. 
 
 434, 1 b; XIV. 199, 2 a; 707, 1 a. 
 Winchester, Elhanan, American clergyman, 
 XVI. 656. 
 
 Wincing, in calico printing, III. 597, 1 b. 
 Winckelmann, Johann Joachim [vink'-kel- 
 man], German archaeologist, XVI. 656. His 
 influence on art and poetry, VII. 767, 1 b. 
 Wind, XVI. 657. Measurements of its force, 
 
 1 c. Observations on, 2 b. Different kinds 
 of, 658, 1 b, If. Pressure of, 659, 2 c.— 
 Effect of high elevation on velocity of, I. 
 148, 1 b. Storm winds: see Hurricane, 
 Storms, and Whirlwind. Law of rotation 
 around a storm centre, IX. 81, 1 a. Varia¬ 
 tions and retardations of, XIII. 629, 2 c. 
 Influence on the temperature of the earth, 
 XI. 433, 2 c. See Meteorology, XI. 436, 
 
 2 b, ff. (diagrams). 
 
 Windage , in gunnery, VIII. 324, 2 c. 
 Wind-break, VIII. 604, 1 b (Hedge). 
 
 Wind chest, of an organ, XII. 689, 1 a. 
 
 Winder, Gen. (William II., 1775-1824, lawyer 
 of Baltimore): see Armstrong, I. 736, 1 b- 
 Gen. John H. (his son, 1800-’65), commander 
 of Andersonville prison, I. 474, 1 c, 2 c. 
 Win'dermere, English lake, XVI. 660. 
 
 Wind Flower : see Anemone. 
 
 Wind gauge , for organs, XII. 688, 2 c. 
 Windham [wind'-um], two counties, XVI. 661. 
 Windham, William, English statesman, XVI. 
 661. 
 
 Wind-hover , bird, IX. 814, 2 b. 
 
 Windischgrdtz, Prince [vin'-dish-graits], (Al¬ 
 fred, 1787-1862, Austrian field marshal, 
 commander-in-chief 1848-’9), II. 146, 1 c, 
 2 b; 393, 2 a; IX. 60, 1 ab, ff. 
 
 Windish March , a borderland, XVI. 663,1 b. 
 Windmill, XVI. 661. Method of equalizing 
 action of, XIV. 226, 2 a. 
 
 Wind river, Wyoming, XVI. 750, 1 a. Wind 
 River mountains, 749, 2 ab, b; XIV. 376,1 c. 
 Wind rose, thermal, XI. 440, 1 c. Hygromet- 
 ric, 442, 1 c. 
 
 Winds, a Slavic people, XVI. 663. 
 
 Winds, tower of the, in Athens, VI. 68, 1 c. 
 Windsor [win'-zer], county, XVI. 663. 
 
798 
 
 WINDSOR 
 
 WIRE 
 
 Windsor, town of Connecticut, XVI. 663. 
 
 Windsor Locks, town, 2 ab. 
 
 Windsor, town of Ontario, Canada, XVI. 663. 
 Of Nova Scotia, 2 c. 
 
 Windsor, borough of England, XVI. 663. 
 Windsor castle, 664, 1 a (view). Frogmore, 
 
 1 c. View in Windsor park, XIII. 95. 
 Windsor, county seat, II. 585, 1 c. 
 
 Windsor, poor knights of, IV. 267, 1 be. 
 
 Wind trunks, of an organ, XII. 689, 1 a. 
 Windward, heating to, XIV. 867, 1 b. 
 Windward Islands : see West Indies, XVI. 
 
 566, 2 a, and Leeward Islands. 
 
 Wine, XVI. 664. Composition of grape juice, 
 665,1 c. Sweet or fruity wine, 2 be; dry, 2 c; 
 pricked, 666, 1 ab; white, 1 c; brisk, 2 b; 
 sparkling, ib. ; still, ib. Bouquet, 2 c. Quan¬ 
 tity of alcohol, 667, 1 a. Effect of climate 
 and situation, 2 a; grape culture, 2 b. Cur¬ 
 rant wine, &c., 668, 1 a.—Adulteration of 
 wine, I. 133, 2 b. Use in the sacrament, 
 X. 639, 2 c. 
 
 Wine barrel, II. 336, 1 a. 
 
 Wine'brenner, John, American clergyman, 
 XVI. 668. 
 
 Winebrennerians : see Winebrenner. 
 Wine-press festival {Lencea), II. 192, 2 a. 
 
 Wines, Enoch Cobb, American philanthropist, 
 XVI. 668. 
 
 Wine stone, XVI. 666, 2 be. 
 
 Winfield, county seats, V. 442, 1 b; XIV. 99, 
 
 2 a; XVI. 669, 1 c. 
 
 Wing passages, in iron-clad ships, IX. 383, 1 b. 
 Wings, in the Greek theatre, XV. 685, 2 b. 
 Wings, of a windmill, XVI. 661, 2 ab. 
 
 Win'ifrid or Winifreth (St. Boniface), III. 66, 
 2c; 67, 1 a. 
 
 Winkelried, Arnold Struth von [vin'-kel-reet], 
 Swiss patriot, XVI, 669. 
 
 WAnkin de Worde : see Worde, Wynkin de. 
 Winlock, Joseph, American astronomer, XVI. 
 669. 
 
 Winn, parish of Louisiana, XVI. 669. 
 Winneba'go, three counties, XVI. 669. 
 Winnebago, lake of Wisconsin, XVI. 669. 
 Winnebagoes, Indian tribe, XVI. 669. 
 Win'neshiek, county, XVI. 670. 
 
 Winnipeg, capital of Manitoba, XVI. 670. 
 Winnipeg, lake, XVI. 671. River, 2 a. 
 Winnipego'sis, or Winnipegoos, lake, XVI. 671. 
 Winnipesaukee, Winnipesockee : see Winni- 
 
 PISEOGEE. 
 
 Winnipiseogee [ win-ne-pe-sok'-ee], lake of 
 New Hampshire, XVI. 671. 
 
 Winnisimmetferry, Chelsea, Mass., IV. 355,1 c. 
 Winnsborough, county seats, VII. 62, 2 a; 
 434, 1 a. 
 
 Wino'na, county, XVI. 671. 
 
 Winona, city of Minnesota, XVI. 672. First 
 state normal school, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Winona, county seat, XI. 786, 2 b. 
 
 Winooski river, Vermont, XVI. 312, 2 c. 
 Winslow, Edward, governor of Plymouth 
 colony, XVI. 672. 
 
 Winslow, Forbes Benignus, English physician, 
 XVI. 672. 
 
 Winslow, Jacques Benigne, French anatomist, 
 XVI. 672. “Foramen of Winslow,” 2 c. 
 Winslow, John A., American naval officer, 
 XVI. 673. Sinking of the Alabama, 1 a. 
 See Semmes. 
 
 AVinslow, Miron, American missionary, XVI. 
 
 673. Hubbard, clergyman, 1 b. 
 
 Winstanley, Henry, English engineer, X. 459, 
 1 c (twice). 
 
 Winston, two counties, XVI. 673. 
 
 Winston, county seat, VII. 326, 1 a. 
 
 Winston, G ., on glass painting, VIII. 26, 1 a; 
 27, 1 be. 
 
 Winter, season of the year, XVI. 673. 
 
 Winter, Peter von [vin'-ter], German com¬ 
 poser, XVI. 673. 
 
 Winterberry, XVI. 673 (ill., 674). 
 
 Winter clover, XIII. 143, 2 be. 
 
 Winter cress, XIV. 724, 2 c; XVI. 501, 2 a. 
 Wintergreen, plant, XVI. 674 (ill.). Other 
 names, 2 a. Salal berry, 2 b. Another 
 (spotted wintergreen): see Chimaphila. 
 Winterhalter, Franz Xaver [vin'-ter-hal-ter], 
 German painter, XVI. 674. 
 
 Winter mew : see Mew. 
 
 Winter palace, at St. Petersburg, XIV. 552,1 a 
 (ill., 551). 
 
 Winter's bark, tree, XIII. 155, 2 c. 
 
 Winterset , county seat, X. 821, 1 c. 
 Winterthur [vin'-ter-toor], town of Switzer¬ 
 land, XVI. 675. 
 
 Winthrop, John [win'-thrup], governor of Mas¬ 
 sachusetts colony, XVI. 675. John, govern 
 nor of Connecticut, 1 c. John, scholar, 2 ab. 
 Robert Charles, statesman, 2 b. 
 
 Winthrop, Theodore, author, XVI. 675. 
 Winton, county seat, VIII. 701, 2 b. 
 
 Winy aw bay, South Carolina, XV. 193, 1 a. 
 Winzes, small shafts in mines, XI. 571, 2 c. 
 Wire, XVI. 676. “Wire drawers,” “wire 
 millers,” “ wire smiths,” 1 b. Iron and steel 
 wire, 2 a. Draw-plate, 2 b. Wollaston’s 
 
WIRE 
 
 WOLCOTT 
 
 799 
 
 process for fine wire, 677, 1 b. Gold wire, 
 
 1 c. Uses of wire, 2 a; in telegraphy, XV. 
 610, 1 c, ff., 616, 1 c. Kerite wire, 2 a. 
 Wire rope or cables: see Bridge, III. 274, 
 
 1 b, ff.; Rope, XIV. 426, 2 ab, ff. (ills.). 
 
 Wire twist, for gun barrels, VII. 356, 2 b; 
 357, 1 a. 
 
 Wire Worm, XVI. 678. Canada wire worm, 
 
 1 be (ill.). Other kinds, 1 c. 
 
 Wirt, county, XVI. 678. 
 
 Wirt, William, American lawyer, XVI. 678; 
 
 191.1 b. Anti-masonic candidate for presi¬ 
 dent, IX. 492, 2 b. 
 
 Wirt Court House , county seat, XVI. 678, 2 b. 
 Wirtemberg : see Wurtemberg. 
 
 Wirz, Henry [Ger. veerts], superintendent of 
 Andersonvihe prison, I. 474, 1 c; 475, 1 a. 
 Trial and execution, 1 ab. 
 
 Wisby, Laws of: see Law Merchant, X. 219,2 b. 
 Wiscasset, town of Maine, XVI. 679. 
 Wisconsin, state, XVI. 679. State seal (ill.), 
 ib. Divisions and population, 1 c. Topog¬ 
 raphy, 680,1 c. Rivers and lakes, 2 b. Ge¬ 
 ology, 681, 1 a. Minerals, 2 c. Climate, 
 682, 1 a. Fauna and flora, 1 be. Antiqui¬ 
 ties, 2 a. Agriculture, 2 b. Manufactures, 
 
 683.1 a. Intercommunication, 2 be. Com¬ 
 merce, 684,1 b. Banks, 1 c. Government, 
 ib. Finances, 685,1 a. Public institutions, 
 1 b. Education, 2 c. Libraries, newspapers, 
 &c., 687,1 a. Religious organizations, 1 be. 
 History, 2 a. 
 
 Wisconsin, University of, XVI. 687. 
 Wisconsin River, XVI. 688. 
 
 Wisdom, Book of, XVI. 688. 
 
 Wise, two counties, XVI. 688. 
 
 Wise, Daniel, American clergyman, XVI. 688. 
 Wise, Henry Alexander, politician, XVI. 689. 
 (Died 1876.) 
 
 Wise, Henry Augustus, author, XVI. 689. 
 
 Wise Court House , county seat, XVI. 688, 2 c. 
 Wiseman, Nicholas, English cardinal, XVI. 689. 
 Wish'art, George (the Martyr), Scottish cler¬ 
 gyman, XVI. 689. 
 
 Wishart, George, historian, XVI. 690. 
 WisnTONWisH: see Prairie Dog, XIII. 803,1 c. 
 Wislica , diet of [vis-le'-tsa], IV. 56, 2 c. 
 Wismar [viss'-mar], town of Germany, XVI. 
 690. 
 
 Wissembourg [vees-sa ng -boor] : see Weissen- 
 burg. 
 
 Wistar, Caspar, American physician, XVI. 690. 
 Wistaria, genus of plants, XVI. 690. W. fru- 
 tescens, 1 c; Sinensis'(Chinese wistaria), 2 b 
 
 (ill.); magnifiea, brachybotrys, and multi- 
 juga, 2 c. 
 
 Wister, Annis Lee, authoress, XVI. 691. 
 
 Witch and Witchcraft, .XVI. 691. Witch 
 mark, 1 be. Salem witchcraft, 1 c, ff.: see 
 Mather, Cotton, XI. 278,1 ab; Burroughs, 
 George, III. 477 ; XIII. 227, 2 c. In Boston 
 and vicinity, III. 127, 1 c. Last conviction 
 for in England, VIII. 389, 2 c. Trials for 
 abolished in Germany, XV. 715, 2 c. Liter¬ 
 ature of: see Mather, Cotton, XI. 278,1 ab, 
 ff.; Calef, Robert. 
 
 “ Witches ’ Caldron mud spring in California, 
 VII. 785, 2 b. 
 
 Witches ’ kidneys , in Gulf stream driftwood, 
 II. 77, 2 ab. " 
 
 Witch grass , V. 420, 2 b. 
 
 Witch Hazel, plant, XVI. 691 (ill., 692). 
 
 Witebsk [ve-tepsk']: see Vitebsk. 
 
 Witenagemote [wit-e-na-gh e-mote'], Anglo- 
 Saxon legislative assembly, I. 499, 2 a; VI. 
 620, 1 c. Meaning of the term, and charac¬ 
 ter of the assembly, XIII. 112, 2 b. 
 
 Wither, George, English poet, XVI. 692. 
 
 Witherspoon, John, a signer of the Declara¬ 
 tion of Independence, XYI. 692. President 
 of the college of New Jersey, 2 c. 
 
 Witness: see Evidence. 
 
 Witt, Count, referred to, I. 283, 2 c. 
 
 Witt, Jan de: see De Witt. 
 
 Witte, Pieter de [deh wit'-teh]: see Candido. 
 
 Wittekind, or Wittikind: see Charles I. 
 (Charlemagne), IV. 290, 1 c (twice). 
 
 Witten [vit'-ten], town of Prussia, XVI. 693. 
 
 Wittenberg [vit'-ten-bairg], town of Prussia, 
 XVI. 693. 
 
 Wittoba, temple of, II. 632, 2 a. 
 
 Wittsburg, county seat, V. 514, 1 c. 
 
 Wo ad, plant, XVI. 693 (ill.). A dye or pig¬ 
 ment, 2 b. 
 
 Woadwaxen: see Woodwaxen. 
 
 Woburn, town of Massachusetts, XVI. 693. 
 
 Woburn Abbey , alluded to, II. 449, 2 be. 
 
 Wodrow, Robert, Scottish historian, XVI. 694. 
 
 Woffington, Margaret (Peg Woffington), Irish 
 actress, XVI. 694. 
 
 Wohler, Friedrich [vo'-ler], German chemist, 
 XVI. 694. Investigations and discoveries. 
 IV. 368, 1 be, 2 a. 
 
 Woiwodina [voi-vo-de'-na]: see Waywode. 
 
 Wolcott, John [wool'-kut], English satirist, 
 XVI. 694. 
 
 W t olcott, Roger, colonial governor of Con¬ 
 necticut, XVI. 695. Oliver, a signer of the 
 
800 
 
 WOLD 
 
 WOODCOCK 
 
 Declaration of Independence, 1 b. Oliver 
 (2d), lawyer, 1 c. 
 
 Wold (moor), XVI. 790, 2 b. 
 
 Wolf, XVI. 695. European, 2 a (ill.). North 
 American, or common gray, 2 c. Prairie 
 (coyote), 696, 1 be (ill.).—Wolf skins, VII. 
 539, 2 a. Diver wolf, XII. 736, 1 b. 
 
 Wolf,\ in organ octaves, XII. 690, 1 b. 
 
 Wolf, Christian von, baron [vulf], German 
 philosopher, XVI. 696. On logic, X. 580, 
 2 be. On international law, 223, 1 b. See 
 Mokal Philosophy, XI. 812, 2 be; Philoso¬ 
 phy, XIII. 430,1 a, 431,1 ab, 2 ab, c, 441, 2 a. 
 
 Wolf, Friedrich August, German scholar, 
 XVI. 696. His merit as a classic editor, X. 
 191, 2 b. 
 
 Wolf of Badenoch, VI. 524, 1 c. 
 
 Wolf berry, plant, XV. 136, 2 a. 
 
 Wolfe, county of Kentucky, XVI. 697. 
 
 Wolfe, county of Canada, XVI. 697. 
 
 Wolfe, Charles, British poet, XVI. 697. 
 
 Wolfe, James, English general, XVI. 697. 
 
 Wolfenbuttel [vuF-fen-biit-tel], city of Ger¬ 
 many, XVI. 697. “Wolfenbuttel Frag¬ 
 ments,” 2 b; XIV. 265, 1 ab; X. 371, 1 b. 
 
 Wolff, Albert, German sculptor, XVI. 697. 
 
 Wolff, Emil, German sculptor, XVI. 697. 
 
 Wolff, Joseph, clergyman of the English 
 church, XVI. 697. 
 
 Wolff, Wilhelm (Thierwolff), German sculp¬ 
 tor, XVI. 698. 
 
 Wolffian bodies, the (anatomy), IX. 828, 2 a. 
 
 Wolf Fish, XVI. 698. European, 2 be. Ameri¬ 
 can, 2 c (ill.). Sea cat, ib. ; IV. 110, 1 ab. 
 
 Wolf fox (warrah), VII. 73, 2 b. 
 
 Wolfian theory, of the Homeric poems, VIII. 
 779, 2 c; 780, 2 c. 
 
 Wolfeam [woF-fram]: see Tungsten, XVI. 
 29, 1 c. 
 
 Wolf’s crag , of the “ Bride of Lammermoor,” 
 II. 588, 1 a. 
 
 Wolf's head , to bear a, XII. 742, 2 c. 
 
 Wollaston, William [wool'-las-tun], English 
 author, XVI. 699. See Moral Philosophy, 
 XI. 812, 1 b. 
 
 Wollaston, William Hyde, English natural 
 philosopher, XVI. 699; VII. 83, 1 c, 2 a. 
 On the solar spectrum, X. 441, 1 b. Wollas¬ 
 ton’s galvanic battery, VII. 589, 2 b; goni¬ 
 ometer, VIII. 98, 2 b; method of preparing 
 wires for telescopes, XVI. 677, 1 be: see 
 Ductility. 
 
 Wollstonecraft, Mary [wool'-stun-kraft]: see 
 Godwin, Mary Wollstonecraft, VIII. 64, 1 c. 
 
 Wolowski, Louis Francois Michel Kaymond 
 [vuli-luv-ske], French economist, XVI. 699. 
 Wolseley, Sir Garnet Joseph [woolz'-le], Brit¬ 
 ish soldier, XVI. 699. 
 
 Wolsey, Thomas, cardinal [wool'-ze], XVI. 
 699. See Henry VIII., VIII. 649, 2 a, ff., 
 and Anne Boleyn. Alluded to, VII. 54,1 a. 
 Wolverene: see Glutton. Skins of, VII. 
 539, 2 a. 
 
 Wolverhampton, town of England, XVI. 700. 
 Wolzogen, Karoline von [vole'-tso-ghen], Ger¬ 
 man authoress, XVI. 700. 
 
 Woman , in marriage : see Husband and Wife. 
 In the legal profession, X. 238, 1 c. In the 
 universities of the past, XVI. 210, 2 ab, If. 
 Woman's Meadow, battle of I. 729, 2 c. 
 Woman’s Rights, XVI. 701; 547, 1 ab; X. 
 381, 2 a. 
 
 Womb, office and functions of the, XII. 568, 2 c. 
 Wombat, animal, XVI. 702 (ill.). Other names, 
 
 1 c. Fossil species, 703, 1 be. 
 
 Wood, XVI. 703. Seasoning, 704, 1 a. Du¬ 
 rability, 1 b. Beauty, 2 a. Colors, 2 c. 
 Uses, 705, 1 a.—For paper making, XIII. 47, 
 
 2 c. Preservation of : see Preservation of 
 Wood. Gravity of, VII. 516, 1 b. Woody 
 fibre: see Plant, XIII. 578, 2 a, ff. (ills.). 
 
 Wood, five counties, XVI. 705. 
 
 Wood, Anthony a, English antiquary, XVI. 706. 
 Wood, J. T., discoveries of in the ruins of 
 Ephesus, VI. 678, 2 c. 
 
 Wood, Robert, British archeologist, XVI. 706. 
 Wood, William , his patent for coining far¬ 
 things, &c., VII. 704, la. “ Wood’s money,” 
 V. 26, 1 b. 
 
 Wood, William Maxwell, American surgeon, 
 XVI. 706. 
 
 Wood ashes , uses of, II. 5, 2 a; in distilleries, 
 2 c; as cement for pipes, ib. 
 
 Woodbine: see Honeysuckle, VIII. 796, 2 a. 
 Woodbridge, Timothy: see Blind, II. 721 
 (table). 
 
 Woodbridge (Rev. William Channing, 1794- • 
 1845), geographer, alluded to, I. 266, 2 b. 
 Woodbridge Lady-day fair, VII. 58, 2 b. 
 
 Wood bugs, VIII. 629, 2 a. 
 
 Woodbury, county, XVI. 706. 
 
 Woodbury , county seats, III. 713, 1 b; VIII. 
 36, 1 a. 
 
 Woodbury, Levi, American statesman, XVI. 
 706. 
 
 Woodchuck, animal, XVI. 706 (ill., 707). 
 Woodcock, bird, XVI. 707. American, 1 b 
 (ill.). European, 2 b. 
 
WOOD DUCK 
 
 WORDSWORTH 
 
 801 
 
 Wood Duck, XYI. 707 (ill.). Mandarin duck, 
 708, 1 be. 
 
 Wood Engraving : see Engraving, YI. G50, 
 
 2 ab. 
 
 Woodfall, William, English journalist, XYI. 
 
 708. Henry Sampson, 1 c. 
 
 Woodford, two counties, XYI. 708. 
 
 Wood grass , XY. 169, 2 c. 
 
 Wood gunpowder , Schultze’s, YII. 36, 1 b. 
 
 Wood hangings: see Wood, XYI. 705, 1 a. 
 Woodhouse Grove Wesleyan seminary , III. 180, 
 
 1 a. 
 
 Woodhouselee, Lord: see Tytler, Alexander 
 Fraser. 
 
 Wood Ibis, bird, XYI. 708 (ill.). 
 
 Woodland , county seat, XYI. 786, 2 a. 
 
 Wood louse, Y. 744, 1 c (Death WATon). 
 
 Wood Mouse : see Mouse, XII. 14, 2 ab. 
 
 Wood naphtha , I. 62, 1 b. 
 
 Wood nettle, XIV. 195, 2 b; XII. 255, 1 a. 
 Woodpecker, bird, XYI. 709. Hairy, 2 ab; 
 ivory-billed, 2 be ; black, or log cock, 2 c 
 (ill., 710); three-toed, 710, 1 b; red-headed, 
 
 1 be; flicker, yellow-shafted, or pigeon, 
 
 2 a (ill.); green, 2 b ; piculets, ib. 
 
 Wood pheasant, X. 760, 2 a. 
 
 Wood Rat : see Rat, XIY. 212, 2 b. 
 Woodroof: see AYoodruff, plant. 
 
 Woodruff, plant, XYI. 710 (ill.). 
 
 Woodruff, county, XYI. 711. 
 
 Wood Rush : see Luzula, X. 740, 2 be. 
 Woods, Leonard, American clergyman and 
 educator, XYI. 711. Leonard (2d), presi¬ 
 dent of Bowdoin college, 1 c. 
 
 Wood's drill, III. 100, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Woodsfield, county seat, XI. 760, 2 a. 
 
 Wood's fusible alloy, III. 538, 1 b. 
 
 Woodson, county, XYI. 711. 
 
 Wood Sorrel: see Oxalis, XII. 758, 2 be. 
 Wood spirit, I. 62, 1 a; 265, 2 b. See Pyrox- 
 ylio Spirit. 
 
 Woodstock, town of Vermont, XYI. 711. 
 Woodstock, town of Canada, XYI. 711. Town 
 of Hew Brunswick, 2 b. 
 
 Woodstock, county seat, XIY. 845, 2 c. 
 Woodville, county seats, XYI. 88,1 a; 626,1 b. 
 Woodville, Elizabeth (died 1486), wife of Ed¬ 
 ward IV., YI. 436, 2 b. 
 
 Wood vinegar, XIY. 109, 2 a. 
 
 Wood walkers, apes, YII. 796, 1 b. 
 
 Woodward, William, his geological system re¬ 
 ferred to, YII. 688, 1 be. 
 
 Wood'waxen, plant, XYI. 711 (ill., 712). Other 
 names, 2 c. 
 
 51 
 
 WooDwoRTn, Samuel, American author, XYI. 
 712. 
 
 Woody nightshade, YI. 304, 2 b. 
 
 Woof: see Weaving, XYI. 523, 1 a. 
 
 Wool, XYI. 712. Structure of, 1 c (ill., sec¬ 
 tions of Southdown and Saxon). Varieties 
 of, 2 b. Merino sheep, 713, 1 b. Commer¬ 
 cial statistics, 2 a, if. Grades of, for manu¬ 
 facture, 718, 1 c. 
 
 Wool, Manufactures of, XYI. 714. Ancient, 
 2 be. In England, 715,1 a; France, 716,1 a; 
 America, 1 b. Processes of woollen manu¬ 
 facture, 718,1 a; of worsted, 720,1 c. Wool 
 moating, 718,2 be. Wool combing machines, 
 721, 1 a. 
 
 Wool, John Ellis, American soldier, XYI. 721. 
 
 Woollett, William, English engraver, XVI.722. 
 
 Woolman, John, American Quaker preacher, 
 XYI. 722. 
 
 Woolner, Thomas, English sculptor, XVI. 722. 
 
 Woolsack, the, lord chancellor’s seat, X. 609,2 b. 
 
 Woolsey, Theodore Dwight [wool'-ze], scholar, 
 president of Yale college, XYI. 722. 
 
 Woolston, Thomas, English author, XYI. 722. 
 
 Woolwich [wool'-ij], parish, England, XYI.722. 
 
 Woonsocket, town, Rhode Island, XYI. 723. 
 
 Woorara, Woorari, orWourali, poisons, XYI. 
 723. Referred to, 293, 2 c. 
 
 Wooster, city of Ohio, XYI. 724. 
 
 Wooster, David, American general, XYI. 724; 
 Y. 662, 2 be. 
 
 Wootz: see Damascus Blades, Y. 653, 2 a, c; 
 Steel, XY. 363, 2 ab. 
 
 Worcester [woos'-ter], two counties, XYI.724. 
 
 Worcester, city of Massachusetts, XYI. 724. 
 Soldiers’ monument, 725, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Worcester, city of England, XYI. 726. Bat¬ 
 tle of, the “crowning mercy,” 1 be; Y. 
 505, 2 be. 
 
 Worcester, Edward Somerset, marquis of, 
 English inventor, XYI. 726. His steam ap¬ 
 paratus, XY. 339, 2 a. 
 
 Worcester, John Tiptoft, earl of, statesman, 
 XYI. 726. 
 
 Worcester, Joseph Emerson, American lexi¬ 
 cographer, XYI. 726. See Dictionary, YI. 
 95, 1 b. 
 
 Worcester, Hoah, clergyman, XYI. 726. Sam¬ 
 uel, 727, 1 b. Samuel Melanchthon, 1 c. 
 
 Worcestershire, county of England, XYI. 727. 
 
 Worde, Wynkin de, English printer, XYI. 727. 
 
 Worden, John Lorimer [wur'-den], American 
 naval officer, XYI. 727. 
 
 Wordsworth, William, English poet, XYI. 727. 
 
802 
 
 WORKHOUSE 
 
 WURMSER 
 
 Christopher, clergyman, 729, 1 a. Chris¬ 
 topher (2d), bishop, 1 b. Charles, bishop, 2 a. 
 
 W orkhouse : see Pauperism, XIII. 181,2 ab, ff., 
 186, 1 c; XIV. 12, 1 c. 
 
 “ Workhouse test” for paupers, XIII. 186, 1 c. 
 
 Working load , for materials, XV. 415, 2 be. 
 
 Work of necessity or charity , in law, X. 637,1 a. 
 
 Worm, of a screw, XIV. 712, 2 b. 
 
 Worm, potato, VIII. 532, 2 c, 533, 1 b; IX. 
 158, 2 a. 
 
 Worm Grass : see Pinkroot. 
 
 Worming, of a screw, XIV. 712, 2 b. 
 
 Worms : see references, XVI. 729. 
 
 Worms [vorms], city of Germany, XVI. 729. 
 Cathedral, 2 c (ill., 730). Diet of, XIV. 245, 
 2 b ; X. 727, 1 c. Council of, VIII. 800, 2 c. 
 
 Wormseed, drug, XVI. 730. American worm- 
 seed, plant, 1 c (ill.); European, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Worms lamp, X. 129, 1 be. 
 
 Wormwood, XVI. 731 (ill.). Oil of, 2 a. Salts 
 of, 2 ab. See I. 34 (Absinth) ; 773, 2 c. 
 
 Wornum, Ralph Nicholson, English author, 
 XVI. 731. 
 
 Woronzoff: see Vorontzoff. 
 
 Worsaae, Jens Jacob Asmussen [vor'-saw-Sh], 
 Danish archaeologist, XVI. 731. 
 
 Worsted: see Wool, Manufactures of, XVI. 
 720, 1 c. Origin of the name, 715, 1 c; 
 XII. 515, 1 c. 
 
 Wort: see Brewing, III. 259, 1 a, 2 he, 260, 
 2 a ; VI. 142, 1 a. 
 
 Worth, three counties, XVI. 732. 
 
 WoRTn [vort], town of Germany, XVI. 732. 
 Battle of, X. 800, 1 a. 
 
 Worth, William Jenkins, American soldier, 
 XVI. 732. 
 
 Wotan: see Wuotan (Index). 
 
 Wotton, Sir Henry, English author, XVI. 732. 
 
 Wotton, William, English author, XVI. 732. 
 
 Woulfe's bottles (Peter Woulfe, F. R. S., Eng¬ 
 lish chemist, died 1806), VII. 633, 2 b (ill.). 
 
 Wouverman, Philip [wow'-ver-man], Dutch 
 painter, XVI. 732. 
 
 Wrack Grass, XVI. 733 (ill.). 
 
 Wrangel, Karl Gustaf, count [vrang'-el], Swe¬ 
 dish soldier, XVI. 733. 
 
 Wrangell, Ferdinand, baron, Russian travel¬ 
 ler, XVI. 733. Wrangell Land, 734, 1 a. 
 See Arctic Discovery, I. 669, 2 b. 
 
 Wrangler, university term, III. 645, 1 b. Se¬ 
 nior wrangler, ib. 
 
 Wrasse [ras], fish, XVI. 734. Ballan wrasse, 
 1 c (ill.); striped, ib.; rainbow, 2 a; gilt¬ 
 headed, ib. 
 
 Wraxall, Sir Nathaniel William, English au¬ 
 thor, XVI. 734. Sir Frederick Charles Las- 
 celles, author, 2 b. 
 
 Wray: see Ray, John. 
 
 Wreath, in heraldry, VIII. 674, 1 b. 
 
 Wren, bird, XVI. 735. Kitty wren, 1 ab (ill.) ; 
 
 great Carolina, 1 c; house, 2 a (ill.). 
 
 Wren, Sir Christopher, architect, XVI. 735. 
 Wright, three counties, XVI. 736. 
 
 Wright, Arthur W., observations on the solar 
 corona, XV. 475, 2 a. 
 
 Wright, Elizur, American abolitionist, XVI. 
 736. 
 
 Weight (D’Arusmont), Frances, Scottish re¬ 
 former, XVI. 736. 
 
 Weight, Silas, American statesman, XVI. 737. 
 Weight, Thomas, English antiquary, XVI. 737. 
 Weight, William, British orientalist, XVI. 737. 
 Wrightsville, county seat, IX. 656, 1 c. 
 Wrisberg, Heinrich August [vriss'-bairg], Ger¬ 
 man anatomist, XVI. 738. Cartilages of 
 Wrisberg, 1 a. Nerve of Wrisberg, ib. 
 
 Wrist plate, of a steam engine, XV. 343, 2 b. 
 Writ, in law, XVI. 738. Origin of: see Plead¬ 
 ing, XIII. 606, 2 c. Writs of assistance, III. 
 127, 2 be; XVI. 154, 2 a. See Otis, James, 
 XII. 731, 1 b. Defence of them by Gridley, 
 attorney general, VIII. 254, 2 ab. 
 
 Writ of possession, in law, VII. 25, 2 c. 
 
 Writ de proprietate probanda, XIV. 273, 1 a. 
 Writ de replegiari facias, XIV. 272, 2 ab. 
 
 Writ de retorno habendo , XIV. 273, 1 c. 
 
 Writer to the signet, X. 237, 1 c (Lawyer). 
 Writers’ Cramp: see Scriveners’ Palsy. 
 Writing, XVI. 738. (Chart.) Various systems, 
 2 a. Egyptian hieratic, 2 ab (ill., 739). Dif¬ 
 ferent alphabets, 739, 1 a. Phoenician, XIII. 
 455, 2 be (ill., 456). Runic: see Runes. 
 Semitic, XIV. 761, 2 be (ill., 762); I. 622, 2 be. 
 Russian: see Glagolitic, and Russia, Lan¬ 
 guage and Literature of. Japanese, IX. 548, 
 
 1 be (ills.). Standard alphabet, XVI. 740,1 b. 
 Writing in the Homeric age, VIII. 780, 1 b. 
 
 Writings, ancient, restoration of, IX. 282, 
 
 2 ab; XIII. 12, 1 be. 
 
 Wrottesley, John, baron [rots'-le], English 
 astronomer, XVI. 741. 
 
 Wroxeter, village of England, XVI. 741. 
 Wry'neck, bird, XVI. 741 (ill.). 
 
 Wryneck, disease, XVI. 741. 
 
 Wulfila : see Ulfilas. 
 
 Wuotan, Saxon deity, XII. 120,1 be; 581, 2 b. 
 Wurmser, Dagobert Sigismund [voorm'-zer], 
 Austrian soldier, XVI. 742. 
 
WttRTEMBERG 
 
 XANTHOXYLUM 
 
 803 
 
 Wurtemberg [vur- or vir'-tem-bairg], kingdom 
 of Germany, XYI. 742. Government, 2 c. 
 History, 743, 2 a. “ Wurtemberg ckurcli 
 property,” IY. 553, 1 ab. 
 
 Wurtz, Charles Adolphe [vurts], French chem¬ 
 ist, XYI. 744. On Berzelius’s formulas, II. 
 87, 2 be. 
 
 Wurzburg [vurts'- boorg], city of Bavaria, 
 XYI. 744. 
 
 Wuttke, Heinrich [voot'-keh], German histo¬ 
 rian, XYI. 744. 
 
 Wyandot', county, XVI. 744. 
 
 Wyandots, Indian tribe, XVI. 745. 
 Wyandotte, county, XVI. 745. 
 
 Wyandotte, city of Michigan, XVI. 745. 
 Wyandotte Cave, XYI. 745. 
 
 Wyandotte constitution , of Kansas, IX. 756,1 c. 
 Wyatt, James, English architect, XYI. 745. 
 
 Sir Jeffrey Wyatville, 746, 1 a. 
 
 Wyatt, Sir Matthew Digby, architect, XYI. 
 746. 
 
 Wyatt, Richard James, sculptor, XYI. 746. 
 Wyatt, Sir Thomas, poet, XVI. 746. Sir 
 Thomas, soldier, 2 a. Wyatt’s rebellion, 2 ab; 
 YI. 531, 2 b. 
 
 Wyatville , Sir Jeffrey , architect: see Wyatt, 
 XYI. 746, 1 a. 
 
 Wych elm , YI. 551, 2 b (ill.); XYI. 691, 2 c. 
 Wyciierly, William, English dramatist, XYI. 
 
 746. 
 
 Wyoh Hazel : see Witch Hazel. 
 
 Wyc'liffe, John de, English reformer, XYI. 
 
 747. Persecution of his adherents: see Chau¬ 
 cer, IY. 342, 1 a. Wycliffe’s Bible, a MS. 
 copy in Hereford cathedral, VIII. 681, 1 be. 
 
 Wykeham, William of: see William of Wyke- 
 ham. 
 
 Wylie, Andrew, American educator, XYI. 748. 
 
 Wyman, Jeffries, American comparative anato¬ 
 mist, XYI. 748. On the structure of bones, 
 III. 58, 2 b. On the mode of development 
 of fishes, VII. 239, 2 b; 240, 1 a. On the 
 structure of the pin-tailed duck, Y. 175, 2 a. 
 On the spinal cord of fishes, 176, 2 c. On 
 the eyes of blind fish, 177, 1 b; VII. 48, 2 b. 
 On the division of mammals into placentals 
 and implacentals, XI. 78, 2 be. On the ana¬ 
 tomical relation of fore and hind limbs, XIII. 
 429, 1 c. 
 
 Wyndham, Sir William, British statesman, 
 XVI. 749. Sir Charles, earl of Egremont, 1 b. 
 
 Wynkin de Worde : see Worde. 
 
 Wyo'ming, territory, XYI. 749. Surface, &c., 
 2 a. Yellowstone national park, 750, 2 c 
 (map). Geology and minerals, 751, 1 c. 
 Climate, 2 c. Productions, ib. Industries, 
 752, 1 a. Government, 1 b. 
 
 Wyoming, three counties, XVI. 752. 
 
 Wyoming Valley, XYI. 753. Massacre of 
 Wyoming, 1 c. Wyoming coal field, I. 551, 
 2 c, 552, lb: see Lackawanna. 
 
 Wyrgilt [vir'-ghilt], blood money, II. 738, 1 c. 
 
 Wyse , Lcetitia, daughter of Lucien Bonaparte, 
 III. 34, 2 c. 
 
 Wysocici, Peter [ve-sots'-ke], (1799-1837, died in 
 Siberia), Polish revolutionist, XIII. 648, 2 a. 
 
 Wyss, Johann Rudolf [viss], Swiss author, 
 XYI. 753. 
 
 Wytiie [with], county, XYI. 753. 
 
 Wytiie, George, a signer of the Declaration 
 of Independence, XYI. 754. 
 
 Wytheville , county seat, XVI. 754, 1 a. 
 
 Wyttenbach, Daniel [vit'-ten-ba k h], Dutch phi¬ 
 lologist, XYI. 754. 
 
 X 
 
 X, a letter, XYI. 754. Sounds, 1 b; Spanish, 
 Portuguese, and Russian, 1 c. Latin nume¬ 
 ral, ib. 
 
 Xaimaca [ k lil-ma'-ka]: see Jamaica. 
 
 Xalapa [ k ha-lu'-pa]: see Jalapa. 
 
 Xalisco [ k ha-lees'-ko]: see Jalisco. 
 
 Xanthian marbles [zan'-the-an], VII. 117, 2 b. 
 Xanthidium (protophyte), referred to, YI. 43, 
 2 b (ill., X. armatum). 
 
 Xanthine [zan'-tliin], animal secretion, XYI. 
 754. 
 
 Xanthip'pe : see Socrates, XY. 147, 2 c. 
 
 Xanthippus , Athenian general, referred to, 
 VIII. 190, 2 be; XII. 108, 1 c. 
 Xanthopicrite , vegetable principle, XIII. 830, 
 2 b. 
 
 Xanthofftera semicro'cea (entomology), XIII. 
 550, 2 be. 
 
 Xantiiorhamnine [zan-tho-ram'-nin], dye, 
 XYI. 754. 
 
 Xanthori'za apiifolia { botany), XVI. 780, 2 ab. 
 Xanthorrhoe'a (botany), VIII. 171, 2 a. X. ar- 
 borea, australis, and hastilis, 2 b. 
 Xanthox'ylum (botany), I. 807, 1 a; II. 549, 
 
804 
 
 XANTHUS 
 
 YALKUT 
 
 2 ab. X. Americanum, XIII. 830, 1 c (ill.); 
 Carolinianum, 2 c; clava Herculis, ib., and 
 VIII. 680, 1 b. 
 
 Xanthus : see Lycia, X. 742, 2 ab. 
 
 Xanthus , Homeric river: see Scamander. . 
 Xantippe: see Xanthippe (Index). 
 
 Xavier, Saint Francis [zav'-e-er; Sp. k ha-ve- 
 air'], Spanish missionary, XVI. 754; IX. 
 630, 1 a. Referred to, XI. 385, 1 a. 
 
 Xenia [ze'-ne-a], after-dinner presents, XVI. 
 
 755. Epigrams, ib. 
 
 Xenia, city of Ohio, XVI. 755. 
 
 Xenien [ksa'-ne-en]: see Xenia. 
 
 Xenoorates [ze-nok'-ra-teez], Greek philoso¬ 
 pher, XVI. 756. 
 
 Xenodochium [zen-o-do'-ke-um], lodging place 
 for strangers, XI. 729, 1 a. 
 
 Xenophanes [ze-nof'-a-neez], Greek philoso¬ 
 pher, XVI. 756 ; VI. 497, 1 a; XIII. 437,1 a. 
 Xenophon [zen'-o-fon], Athenian author, XVI. 
 
 756. See Political Economy, XIII. 665,1 a. 
 Xenos (entomology), XVI. 493, 2 b. 
 
 Xerez [ k ha-raith']: see Jerez. 
 
 Xerez, Francisco de, Spanish historian, XVI. 
 
 757. 
 
 Xerob'ates , genus of reptiles, XV. 812, 2 c. 
 Xerxes [zurk'-seez], king of Persia, XVI. 757. 
 
 His bridge over the Hellespont, XIV. 423, 2 a. 
 Ximenes de Cisneros, Francisco [“he-ma'-nace 
 
 da thees-na'-roce; in English, ze-me'-neez], 
 Spanish cardinal and statesman, XVI. 758. 
 See Polyglot, XIII. 687, 1 c. 
 
 Ximenes de Quesada, Gonzalo [da ka-sa'-£Aa], 
 Spanish explorer, XVI. 759; II. 783, 1 ab, 
 Ximo: see Kiushiu. 
 
 Xingu [shee ng -goo'], river, III. 220, 1 ab. 
 Xiphias (ichthyology), XV. 534, 1 b. X. gla- 
 dius, 1 be (ill.). 
 
 Xiphiidce (ichthyology), XV. 534, 1 a. 
 Xiphosu'ra (crustacea), V. 533, 2 be; IX. 838, 
 
 1 b. 
 
 Xipotheca tetradens (ichthyology), XIV. 660,1 c. 
 Xorullo [ k ho-roo'-lyo]: see Joeullo. 
 
 Xylene' (chemistry), XVI. 759. 
 
 Xyleu'tes (entomology), IV. 107, 1 ab. 
 Xylidine\ zi'-le-din], (chemistry), XVI. 760,1 a. 
 Xylocopa violacea (entomology), II. 458, 2 c. 
 Xylography : see Engraving, VI. 650, 2 ab. 
 Xyloidin [Fr. ze-lwa-da ng ]: see Collodion, V. 
 78, 1 b (twice). 
 
 Xyloidine [zi-loi'-din], explosive compound, 
 XVI. 760; VII. 36, 1 b. 
 
 Xylol [zi'-lol]: see Xylene, and III. 769, 1 c. 
 Xylostro'ma gigan'teum (botany), VII. 529, 2 b. 
 Xyrichthys (ichthyology), XIV. 225, 1 b. X. 
 cultratus, 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Xyris : see Yellow-eyed Grass, XVI. 779, 
 
 2 c. X. flexuosa, 780,1 ab; var. pusilla, ib. 
 
 Y 
 
 Y, a letter, XVI. 760. Sounds, 1 ab ; in Hun¬ 
 garian, 1 b. Use in Latin and Spanish, ib. 
 Pythagorean letter, 1 c. 
 
 Y [i], arm of the Zuyder Zee, I. 443, 1 c, 2 b; 
 XVI. 839, 1 be. 
 
 Yacht [yot], pleasure craft, XVI. 760. Yacht 
 clubs, 1 c ; British, 2 b; American, 761, 1 a. 
 Regattas, ib ., If. Special privileges, 760, 2 
 ab; in the United States, 761, 2 c. 
 
 Yack , fruit, III. 234, 1 c, 2 c. 
 
 Yagna [yas'-na], Zend-Avesta, XVI. 810, 2 a. 
 Yacub Khan [ya'-koob], I. 162, 2 ab, be. 
 Yadkin, river of North Carolina, XVI. 762. 
 Yadkin, county, XVI. 762. 
 
 Yadkinville , county seat, XVI. 762, 1 c. 
 
 Yafa [ya'-fa]: see Jaffa. 
 
 Yaik [yike]: see Ural. 
 
 Yak, animal, XVI. 762 (ill.); IV. 128, 2 a. 
 Yak'ima, county, XVI. 762. 
 
 Yakima City , county seat, XVI. 762, 2 c. 
 
 Yakuts [ya-koots'J, people of Siberia, XV. 17, 
 1 c ; 69, 2 ab. Yakut dialect, 63, 2 ab. 
 
 Yakutsk [ya-kootsk'J, province of Siberia, 
 XVI. 762. Capital, 1 b. 
 
 Yalabusha: see Yalobusha (Index). 
 
 Yale, Elihu, patron of Yale college, XVI. 763. 
 
 Yale College, XVI. 763. History, 2 a. In¬ 
 structors, 764, 1 ab. Organization, 1 b. 
 Departments of instruction, 765, 1 ab. Phi¬ 
 losophy and the arts, 1 b ; graduate instruc¬ 
 tion in, 2 b. Sheffield scientific school, 2 c. 
 Faculty of theology, 767,1 ab; of law, 1 be; 
 of medicine, 2 a. Library, 2 b. Museum 
 of natural history, 2 c. Buildings, 764, 2 ab 
 (ills.: library, ib. ; Sheffield hall, 766; di¬ 
 vinity colleges and Marquand chapel, ib .; 
 Peabody museum, 768). 
 
 Yale lock , X. 563, 2 b. 
 
 Yalkut [yal-koot'], in Jewish literature, VIII. 
 596, 1 a. 
 
YALOBUSHA 
 
 YELLOW-ROOT 
 
 805 
 
 Yalobusha [yal-o-boo'-sha], (more commonly 
 Yalabusha), county, XYI. 768. 
 
 Yalobusha river, XVI. 774, 1 a (Yazoo). 
 
 Yam, plant, XVI. 768 (ill.). Wild, 2 c. Cul¬ 
 tivated yams, 769, 1 a; Chinese, 1 c (ill.); 
 Decaisne’s, 2 b. 
 
 Yam'a , in Hindoo mythology, IX. 225, 1 b, 
 230, 2 a; X. 117, 1 b. 
 
 Yamabushi, Japanese sect, IX. 539, 1 c. 
 Yamachiche [yam-a-sheesh'J, county seat, XIV. 
 548, 1 be. 
 
 Yamadutas , Yama’s messengers, IX. 230, 2 a. 
 Yamaska, county of Canada, XVI. 769. 
 Yamassees: see Yemassees. 
 
 Yam'hill, county, XVI. 769. 
 
 Yam suf, or suph [yam soof], Hebrew name 
 of the Red sea, VI. 721, 2 c ; XIV. 239,1 c. 
 Yancey, county, XVI. 769. 
 
 Yanceyville , county seat, IV. 91, 1 ab. 
 
 Yangtse [yang-tse'], river of China, IV. 442,2 ab. 
 Yanina : see Janina. 
 
 Yankee, XVI. 770. 
 
 Yankee Doodle, popular air, XVI. 770. Use 
 of it forbidden in South Carolina, 1 b. 
 Yankton, county, XVI. 770. 
 
 Yankton, capital of Dakota, XVI. 770. 
 Yanktons : see Sioux. 
 
 Ya'pock, marsupial animal, XVI. 770 (ill.). 
 Yaquis [ya'-kees], Mexican Indians, XVI. 771. 
 “ Yards ,” of the moose, VI. 539, 2 c. 
 
 Yarhi: see Solomon ben Isaac. 
 
 Yarkand', city of Turkistan, XVI. 771. River, 
 1 c. 
 
 Yar'ke, monkey, XI. 752, 1 a. 
 
 Yarmouth [yar'-muth], county of Nova Scotia, 
 XVI. 771. Port of entry, 2 a. 
 
 Yarmouth, borough of England, XVI. 771. 
 Yaroslav [ya-ro-slav'j, government of Russia, 
 XVI. 771. Capital city, 2 c. 
 
 Yaroslav, grand duke of Russia: see Russia, 
 XIV. 489, 2 a, b. 
 
 Yarranton , Andrew , on political economy, XIII. 
 666, 1 c. 
 
 Yarrell, William, British naturalist, XVI. 772. 
 
 On the plumage of birds, VII. 106, 1 c, 2 b. 
 Yarriba: see Yoruba. 
 
 Yarrow, plant, XVI. 772 (ill.). 
 
 Yarrow, river of Scotland, XVI. 772. 
 
 Yarrow, town : see Jarrow. 
 
 Yasous II. [ya'-soos],king of Abyssinia, 1.46,1 c. 
 Yassy : see Jassy. 
 
 Yates, county, XVI. 772. 
 
 Yates, Edmund Hodgson, English novelist, 
 XVI. 772. 
 
 Yates, William, English missionary, XVI. 773. 
 
 Yathreb: see Medina, XI. 353, 1 c. 
 
 Yaupon, shrub, XVI. 773 (ill.). “ Black drink ” 
 of the Indians, 2 a. 
 
 Yavanas: seeloNiANS, IX.330, 2be; 331, 2 ab. 
 
 Yavapai [ya-va-pi'J, county, XVI. 773. 
 
 Yavato [ya-va'-to], maggot, VII. 110, 2 b. 
 
 Yavnan (Cyprus), IX. 330, 2 c. 
 
 Yawl: see Yacht, XVI. 761, 2 c. 
 
 Yazoo', river of Mississippi, XVI. 774. 
 
 Yazoo, county, XVI. 774. 
 
 Yazoo City, county seat, XVI. 774, 1 b. 
 
 Yeames, William Frederick, English painter, 
 XVI. 774. 
 
 Year, XVI. 774. Sidereal, 2 ab ; mean length, 
 2 b. Anomalistic, 2 c; mean length, ib. 
 Tropical, 775, 1 b; mean length, 1 be. In¬ 
 crease in length since the age of Hipparchus, 
 1 c.—Civil year, different dates of its com¬ 
 mencement, III. 579, 2 c, ff. See Calendar, 
 and Chronology. Great or Platonic year, 
 VII. 215, 2 ab. Toltec year, XI. 481, 2 c. 
 
 Yeast, XVI. 775 (ills.); VII. 142, 2 a (ills., 
 143). 
 
 Yeast plant , VII. 529, 2 a, 532, 2 a; XIII. 
 573, 2 be. See Yeast. 
 
 Yeast Powders, XVI. 777. 
 
 Yed'o : see Tokio (Index). 
 
 Yehudim [ya-hoo-deem']: see Hebrews. 
 
 Yeisk [yaisk], town of Russia, XVI. 778. 
 
 Yekaterinburg [ySh-ka-ter-in-boorg'], city of 
 Russia, XVI. 778 (view). 
 
 Yekaterinodar', town of Russia, XVI. 778. 
 
 Yekaterinograd', town of Russia, XVI. 778. 
 
 Yekaterinoslav', government of Russia, XVI. 
 778. Capital city, 779, 1 a. 
 
 Yelisavetgrad : see Elisabethgrad. 
 
 Yell, county, XVI. 779. 
 
 Yellow Bird, XVI. 779 (ill.). Summer yellow 
 bird, 2 ab. 
 
 Yellow-eyed Grass, XVI. 779. 
 
 Yellow Fever: see Fevers, VII. 165, 2 c. 
 Yellow fever zone, ib. Mild yellow fever, 
 so called, 169, 2 a. 
 
 Yellow flag, sign of a hospital, IX. 7, 2 c. 
 
 Yellow-hammer, bird, XVI. 780. 
 
 “ Yellow jacket ,” wasp, VIII. 823, 2 c. 
 
 Yellow-legs, bird, XVI. 780. 
 
 Yellow Medicine, county, X\ I. 780. 
 
 Yellow osier, XVI. 646, 1 c. 
 
 Yellow-poll warbler, bird, XVI. 779, 2 ab. 
 
 Yellow pond lily, XVI. 502, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Yellow River: see China, IV. 442, 2 a, c. 
 
 Yellow-root, plant, XVI. 780; XIV. 65, 2 b. 
 
806 
 
 YELLOWS 
 
 YOUNG 
 
 Yellows, the , vegetable disease, XIII. 208, 1 a. 
 Yellow Sea, XVI. 780. 
 
 Yellow Springs, village of Ohio, XVI. 781. 
 Yellowstone National Park : see Wyoming, 
 XVI. 750, 2 c (map), and XIV. 376, 1 c. 
 Yellowstone River, XVI. 781. 
 Yellow-tiiroat, bird, XVI. 781 (ill.). 
 Yellow-wood, tree: see Virgilia/; Osage 
 Orange, XII. 714, 2 b ; Prickly Ash, XIII. 
 830, 1 c; Yellow-root, XVI. 780, 2 ab. 
 A name for fustic, VI. 342, 1 a. 
 
 Yellville , county seat, XI. .169, 1 a. 
 Yemassees', Indian tribe, XVI. 781; XIV. 
 833, 1 a. 
 
 Yem'en, Turkish province in Arabia, XVI. 782 ; 
 I. 617, 2 c. 
 
 Yemma , Japanese deity, IX. 539, 1 ab. 
 Yenibazar: see Novibazar. 
 
 Yenikale [yen-e-ka/-la], strait of, III. 113, 1 c. 
 Yenisei [yen-e-sa'-e], river of Siberia, XVI. 783. 
 Yeniseisk [yen-e-saisk'], government of Sibe¬ 
 ria, XVI. 783. Town, 2 c. 
 
 Yenishehr [yen-e-shair'J: see Larissa. 
 
 Yerba Buena [yair'-ba bwa'-na], former name 
 of San Francisco, XIV. 602, 2 a; 605,1 a, ab. 
 F<?r5&?a?[yair'-ba-lace], plantations, XIII.65,1 c. 
 Yerba mate: see Mate, and XIII. 65, 1 c. 
 Yericer, the , in euchre, VI. 769, 1 c. 
 
 Yermak Timofeyejf [yair'-mak te-mo-fa'-yef], 
 conqueror of Siberia (killed 1584), XIV. 18, 
 1 c; V. 391, 2 be. 
 
 Yeshts, in the Zend-Avesta, XVI. 810, 2 c. 
 Yesso : see Yezo. 
 
 Yes tor , granite hill, V. 693, 2 a. 
 
 Yew, tree, XVI. 783 (ill., 784). English, 784, 
 1 be; Darley yew, 1 c (ill.). American, 785, 
 1 a. Irish, 1 ab. Dwarf, weeping, &c., 1 b. 
 Silver-leaved, ib. Florida, ib. Pacific, 1 be. 
 Mexican, 1 c. Age of, I. 184, 1 a, b. 
 Yezdegerd [yez'-de-jerd], three Persian kings, 
 XVI. 785. Yezdegerd III., 2 a: see Sassa- 
 nidje. 
 
 Yezid [yeh-zeed'], caliph, I. 13, 1 a. 
 
 Yez'o, island of Japan, XVI. 785. Its inhabi¬ 
 tants, IX. 541, 2 a. 
 
 Ymir [e'-mer], in Scandinavian mythology, 
 XII. 119, 2 b. 
 
 Yohni , XIII. 380, 2 c (Phallic Worship). 
 Yoke, passing under the, IV. 136, 2 be. 
 Yokohama [yo-ko-ha'-ma], city of Japan, XVI. 
 785. 
 
 Yolk, of the egg, VI. 450, 2 c. Segmentation of 
 in mammals discovered: see Barry, Martin. 
 Yolk, of wool; XVI. 712, 2 c. 
 
 Yolo, county, XVI. 786. 
 
 Yomuts [y e-moots'],Turkoman race, IX. 820,2 c. 
 Yonge, Charles Duke [yiing], English author, 
 XVI. 786. 
 
 Yonge, Charlotte Mary, authoress, XVI. 786. 
 Yongh, Vanayl de: see Saint-Elme. 
 
 Yonkers, city of New York, XVI. 786. 
 
 Yonne [yun], department of France, XVI. 787. 
 Yoritomo, Japanese hero, IX. 542, 1 c. 
 
 York, five counties, United States, XVI. 787. 
 York, two counties, Canada, XVI. 788. 
 
 York, city of Pennsylvania, XVI. 788. 
 
 York, city of England, XVI. 788. York min< 
 ster, 2 b (ill.); IV. 119, 1 c. 
 
 York, county seat, XVI. 788, 1 b. 
 
 York: see Toronto, XV. 802 , 1 ab. 
 
 York, Cardinal: see Stuart, Henry Benedict 
 Maria Clement. 
 
 York, Duke of, title, XVI. 789. Frederick, 
 son of George III., 2 c: see Clarke, Mary 
 Anne. Houses of York and Lancaster, con¬ 
 test between : see Boses, war of the (Index). 
 Yorke, Charles, English lawyer, XVI. 790. 
 Yorke, Philip: see Hardwicke, Earls of. 
 
 Charles Philip, ib. 
 
 York River, Virginia, XVI. 790. 
 
 Yorkshire, county of England, XVI. 790. 
 Yorktown, village of Virginia, XVI. 791. First 
 siege of, 1 a. Second, 1 c; IV. 410, 1 c, ff. 
 Yorktown period, in geology, XI. 622, 2 b. 
 Yorkville, county seat, XVI. 788, 1 ab. 
 
 York von Wartenburg, Hans David Ludwig, 
 count, Prussian soldier, XVI. 791. 
 
 Yo'ruba, country of Africa, XVI. 791. 
 Yosemite [yo-sa-me'-ta], valley of California, 
 XVI. 792 (view). (Map.) Yosemite fall, 
 
 793, 1 c (ilk). 
 
 You att, William [yoo'-at], English veterinary 
 surgeon, XVI. 794. 
 
 You'mans, Edward Livingston, American scien¬ 
 tific writer, XVI. 794. Eliza Anne, 2 a. 
 Young, county, XVI. 794. 
 
 Young, Alexander, American clergyman, XVI. 
 
 794. 
 
 Young, Arthur, English writer on agriculture, 
 XVI. 794. 
 
 Young, Brigham, Mormon ruler, XVI. 795 ; 
 
 XI. 834, 2 a, 836, 1 b, ff. (Died 1877.) 
 Young, Charles Augustus, American astrono¬ 
 mer, XVI. 795. His observation of a solar 
 explosion, XV. 473, 2 c (ills.) ; of solar spec¬ 
 trum, 475, 1 a, 2 be. 
 
 Young, Edward, English poet, XVI. 796; VI. 
 640, 1 ab. 
 
YOUNG 
 
 ZAMACOIS 
 
 807 
 
 Young, Thomas, English physicist, XYI. 796. 
 His theory of interference of light, X. 436, 
 2 b; 442, 1 c; 443, 2 b. 
 
 Young Europe , political association: see Maz- 
 zini, XI. 308, 1 b. 
 
 Young Men’s Christian Associations, XYI. 
 
 796. Young women’s Christian associations, 
 
 797. 2 be. 
 
 Young's modulus of elasticity , YI. 489, 1 a. 
 Youngstown, city of Ohio, XYI. 797. 
 
 Young territory: see Texas, XY. 669, 2 c. 
 Youth , period of I. 181, 1 a. 
 
 Yphan'tes Baltimore (ornithology), II. 257,1 c. 
 Ypres [eepr’], city of Belgium, XYI. 798. 
 Ypsilanti, city of Michigan, XYI. 798. 
 Ypsilanti, or Ypsilantis, Greek family, XYI. 
 
 798. Athanasius, 1 c. Alexander, ib .; re¬ 
 ferred to, I. 283, 2 be. Constantine, XYI. 
 798, 1 c. Alexander (2d), 2 a. Demetrius, 
 2 b. Prince Gregory Ypsilanti, 2 c. 
 
 Yreka, county seat, XY. 69, 2 b. 
 
 Yriarte, Ignacio [e-re-ar'-ta], Spanish painter, 
 XYI. 799. 
 
 Yriarte, Juan de, Spanish scholar, XYI. 799. 
 
 Tomas de, author, 1 b. 
 
 Ysano [e-sa'-no], plant, XII. 155, 2 a. 
 
 Yssel [I'-sel], river, XII. 243, 1 a. 
 
 Yttria (chemistry), XYI. 799, 2 a. 
 
 Yttrium, metal, XYI. 799. 
 
 Yuba [yoo'-ba], county, XYI. 799. 
 
 Yuba City , county seat, XV. 495, 2 c. 
 
 Yucaplant, use of in paper making, X. 475, 2 ab. 
 
 Yucatan [yoo-ka-tan'], peninsula of Mexico, 
 XVI. 799. Ancient remains, 800, 1 ab. 
 History, 1 c. 
 
 Yucatan, state of Mexico, XYI. 800. 
 
 Yugas , era of the Jains, IX. 508, 1 be. 
 
 Yugyakarta: see Jokjokerta. 
 
 Yukon River: see Alaska, I. 240, 2 b. 
 
 Yulan , tree (magnolia), XI. 20, 2 c. 
 
 Yule, Henry, English author, XYI. 800. 
 
 Yule log, or Christmas block , IY. 551, 2 b. 
 
 Yuma [yoo'-ma], county, XYI. 800. 
 
 Yuma , county seat, XVI. 801, 1 a. 
 
 Yumala , Yumara, Finnish deity,YII. 206,1 be. 
 
 Yumas, American Indians, XYI. 801. 
 
 Yumula : see Yumala (Index). 
 
 Yuncas [yoon'-kas], people of Peru, XIII. 341, 
 2 b; XIY. 150, 2 a. 
 
 Yunnan', province of China, XVI. 801. Eng¬ 
 lish expeditions to, 2 b. 
 
 Yunx torquilla (ornithology), XYI. 741, 1 c 
 (ill.). 
 
 Yusuf [yoo'-soof], (Joseph), son of Abdul- 
 Aziz, I. 16, 2 a. 
 
 Yusuf I., king of Granada (1333-54), referred 
 to, I. 310, 1 a. 
 
 Yusuf el-Feri, emir, I. 14, 2 a. 
 
 Yusuf ibn Tashfyn , founder of Morocco, and of 
 the Almoravide dynasty in Spain, I. 345, 2 be. 
 
 Yverdun, or Yverdon [e-vair-du ng , -do ng ], town 
 of Switzerland, XYI. 801. 
 
 Yvon, Adolphe [e-vo ng ], French painter, XYI. 
 801. 
 
 z 
 
 Z, a letter, XVI. 802. Sounds of in different 
 languages, 1 ab. As a numeral, ib. 
 Zaandam [zan'-dam]: see Saardam. 
 
 Zacapa [sa-ka'-pa], town of Guatemala, XVI. 
 802. 
 
 Zacatecas [sa-ka-ta'-kass], state of Mexico, 
 XYI. 802. Capital city, 2 b. 
 
 Zaccaria [dzak-ka-re'-a], a founder of the Bar- 
 nabites, II. 318, 2 c. 
 
 ZAcn, Franz [tsa k h], German astronomer, XYI. 
 
 802. Baron Anton, 2 c. 
 
 Zachariah: see Zechariah. 
 
 “Zachary Boyd's Bible," III. 172, 1 ab. 
 
 Zaclios steno-phonotype reporter, XYI. 96, 2 b. 
 ZACYNTnus : see Zante. 
 
 Zadhurmuz [zad-hoor'-mooz], leader of a Man- 
 icheean sect, XI. 108, 1 c. 
 
 Zaffre: see Cobalt, IY. 767, 1 c. 
 
 Zagazig, town of Egypt, XYI. 802. 
 
 Zagos'kin, Mikhail, Russian author, XYI. 803. 
 
 Zagreus Diony'sus [za'-gruce], in the Orphic 
 cosmogony, XII. 711, 1 b. 
 
 Za'gros, mountain range, XYI. 803; XIII. 
 315, 1 a. 
 
 Zahn, Johann Karl Wilhelm [tsan], German 
 architect and painter, XYI. 803. 
 
 Zaire : see Congo, Y. 241, 2 b. 
 
 Zala [zol'-aw], county of Hungary, XVI. 803. 
 
 Zalaca, battle of [tha-la'-ka], I. 345, 2 c. 
 
 Zaleucus, Locrian lawgiver, XYI. 803. 
 
 Za'ma, town of Numidia, XYI. 803. Battle 
 of, VIII. 444, 1 ab. 
 
 Zamacois, Eduardo [tha-ma-ko'-eece or -kois'], 
 Spanish painter, XVI. 803. 
 
808 
 
 ZAMAREA 
 
 ZEREIDES 
 
 Zamarra [tha-m&r'-ra], death costume of vic¬ 
 tims of the inquisition, IX. 295, 1 b. 
 Zambesi [zam-ba'-ze], river of Africa, XVI. 
 803; I. 166, 1 c. 
 
 Zambos , half-breeds, XII. 424, 1 ab. 
 
 Zamojski, Jan [za-moi'-ske], Polish statesman, 
 XVI. 804. Andrzej, count, statesman, 1 c. 
 Zamora [tha-mo'-ra], province of Spain, XVI. 
 804. Capital city, 2 b. 
 
 Zamora [sa-md'-ra], original name of Maracay- 
 bo, XI. 142, 1 c. (Present name of the for¬ 
 mer state of Barinas, Venezuela.) 
 
 Zamora, Antonio de, Spanish dramatist, XVI. 
 804. 
 
 Zamorin , rajah of Calicut, VII. 605, 1 a, c. 
 Zamoyski : see Zamojski. 
 
 Zampieri [dzam-pya'-re]: see Domenichino. 
 Zancle [zan'-kle]: see Messina, XI. 418, 1 be; 
 VIII. 733, 2 c. 
 
 Zanesville, city of Ohio, XVI. 804. 
 Zanguebar : see Zanzibar. 
 
 Zanta , lake of, XIV. 725, 1 b. 
 
 Zan'te, Grecian nomarchy, XVI. 805. Isl¬ 
 and, 1 c. “Zante currants,” ib. Capital 
 city, 2 a. 
 
 Zany , harlequin, VIII. 463, 1 c. 
 
 Zanzibar, country of Africa, XVI. 805. Isl¬ 
 and, 806, 1 b. City, 1 c. 
 
 Zapata [sa-pa'-ta], county, XVI. 806. 
 
 Zapolya [za'-po-lyaw]: see Hungary, IX. 57, 
 2 a, ab ; Austria, II. 144, 1 b ; Ferdinand, 
 VII. 132, 2 b. 
 
 Zaporogians , Cossack tribe, V. 391, 2 a. 
 
 Zaqui [sa'-ke], a regal title, XII. 107, 2 ab. 
 Zara [za'-ra], capital of Dalmatia, XVI. 806. 
 Zarand [zor'-and], county of Hungary, XVI. 
 806. 
 
 Zarias'pe, capital of Bactria, II. 208, 1 be. 
 Zauschne'ria (botany), XVI. 807. Z. Cali- 
 fornica, 1 ab (ill.). 
 
 Zavala [sa-va'-la], county, XVI. 807. 
 
 Zax : see Slate, XV. 88, 1 c. 
 
 Zaylali : see Zeilah. 
 
 Ze'a, island of Greece, XVI. 807. 
 
 Zea'land, province of the Netherlands, XVI. 
 807. 
 
 Ze’a mays (botany), XI. 42, 1 ab. Z. crypto- 
 sperma, 2 c. 
 
 Zebra, animal, XVI. 807 (ill.). 
 
 Zebu, Indian ox, XVI. 808 (ill.). 
 
 ZEBti Island : see CebIt. 
 
 Zebulon , county seat, XIII. 511, 1 c. 
 
 Zebulun, son of Jacob, XVI. 808. 
 
 Zechariaii, Hebrew prophet, XVI. 808. 
 
 Zedekiah : see Hebrews, VIII. 589, 2 b. 
 Zeeland [za'-land]: see Zealand. 
 
 Zeilah [za'-la], Egyptian seaport, XVI. 808. 
 Zeisberger, David [tsice'-bair-gher], Moravian 
 missionary, XVI. 809. 
 
 Zeitz [tsites], town of Prussia, XVI. 809. 
 Zelle : see Celle. 
 
 Zeller, Eduard [tsel'-ler], German scholar, 
 XVI. 809. 
 
 Zeller, Jules Silvain [zel-lair], French histo¬ 
 rian, XVI. 809. 
 
 Zelter, Karl Friedrich [tsel'-ter], German com¬ 
 poser, XVI. 810. 
 
 Zemaun, sovereign of Afghanistan, 1.161, 1 a; 
 
 VIII. 675, 1 a. 
 
 Zem’indary , a land revenue system in India, 
 
 IX. 205, 2 c. Zemindars, landholders, ib .; 
 II. 525, 1 c. 
 
 Zemplen, orZemplin [zem'-plain, -pleen], coun¬ 
 ty of Hungary, XVI. 810. 
 
 Zem-zem , holy well: see Mecca, and I. 6, 2 c. 
 Zenai’da (ornithology), XIII. 506,1 c. Z. ama- 
 bilis, ib. 
 
 Zenaida Dove : see Pigeon, XIII. 506, 1 c. 
 Zenaidura Carolinensis (ornithology), XVI. 82, 
 
 1 c (ill.). 
 
 Zend-Avesta, the Zoroastrian scriptures, XVI. 
 810. Zend, 1 c; 811, 1 a. Avesta, 810, 
 
 2 a; age and place of origin, 1 c. Zoroas¬ 
 trian literature, 811, 1 ab. Sanskrit version 
 of, 1 b. Its difficulties, 1 be. 
 
 Zend Language : see Zend-Avesta. Restora¬ 
 tion of by Burnouf, III. 472, 1 b. 
 
 Ze'nick : see Suricate. 
 
 Zenith, XVI. 811. Zenith sector, VI. 356, 2 a. 
 Zeno, of Elea, Greek philosopher, XVI. 811; 
 XIII. 437, 1 b. 
 
 Zeno, Greek philosopher, XVI. 811; XI. 809, 
 2 b, c; XIII. 438, 2 b. 
 
 Zeno, emperor of the East, XVI. 811. 
 
 Zeno, Apostolo [dza'-no], Italian poet, XVI. 812. 
 Zeno, Nicol6 and Antonio, Italian navigators, 
 XVI. 812. 
 
 Zenobia, Septimia, queen of Palmyra, XVI. 
 812 ; XIII. 28, 1 c. See Aurelian, II. 119, 
 2 ab. 
 
 Zeolite, mineral, XVI. 813; XV. 39, 1 c. 
 ZEPnANiAH, Hebrew prophet, XVI. 813. 
 Zephyria: see Halicarnassus. 
 
 Zerah , of Scripture, VI. 749, 2 ab. 
 
 Zeram : see Ceram. 
 
 Zerbst [tsairpst], town of Germany, XVI. 813. 
 Zerda , African animal, VII. 131, 1 c. 
 
 Zereides , Moorish dynasty, I. 304, 1 c. 
 
ZERHAZY 
 
 ZONE 
 
 809 
 
 Zerhdzy [zair'-M-ze]: see Esterhazy. 
 
 Zeta, early name of Montenegro, XI. 780, 1 c. 
 
 Zetland : see Shetland Islands. 
 
 Zet'terstedt, Johan Wilhelm, Swedish natu¬ 
 ralist, XVI. 813. 
 
 Zettinie, or Zettinje : see Cettigne. 
 
 Zeugitana, ancient district, Africa, XVI. 31,1 c. 
 
 Zeuglodon, fossil animal, XVI. 813. 
 
 Zeus [zuce]: see Jupiter. Zeus Ammon, I. 
 426, 1 c. Zeus Canobus, III. 720, 1 ab. 
 
 Ze'us , genus of fishes, VI. 219, 1 a. Z. faber 
 (ill.), ib. ; ocellatus, 2 be. 
 
 Zeus Panhellenius , temple of, I. 140, 2 c. 
 
 Zeux'is, Greek painter, XVI. 814. 
 
 Zeuze’radce (entomology), XI. 869, 2 ab. 
 
 Zhitomir [zhe-to'-mer], town of Russia, XVI. 
 814. 
 
 Zho, hybrid animal, X. 88, 2 b. 
 
 Zhukoff'ski, Vasili, Russian poet, XVI. 815. 
 
 Zhukovsky, I. 284, 1 a. See Zhukoffski. 
 
 Zhupan, Servian chief, XIV. 781, 2 b. 
 
 Ziani, Sebastiano [dze-a'-ne], doge of Venice, 
 VI. 182, 2 ab. Marriage of the Adriatic 
 instituted by him, 2 b; III. 376, 2 ab. 
 
 Zianides [ze-an'-idz], dynasty of Fez, I. 304, 1 c. 
 
 Zib'eth: see Civet, IV. 617, 2 b. 
 
 Zidon : see Sidon. 
 
 Ziem, Felix [zya ng ], French painter, XVI. 815. 
 
 Ziethen, Hans Ernst Karl, count [tse'-ten], 
 Prussian soldier, XVI. 815. 
 
 Ziethen, Hans Joachim von, Prussian soldier, 
 XVI. 815. 
 
 Zimmermann [tsim'-mer-man], chemist, on co¬ 
 agulation of blood, II. 733, 2 c; on the pres¬ 
 ence of ammonia, 734, 1 a. 
 
 Zimmermann, Albert,German painter, XVI. 815. 
 
 Zimmermann, Clemens von, painter, XVI. 815. 
 
 Zimmermann, Johann Georg von, Swiss phy¬ 
 sician and author, XVI. 815. 
 
 Zinc, metal, XVI. 816. Alloys of, 817, 1 b. 
 Uses of, 1 c. Compounds, 2 be ; butter of, 
 818, 1 a. nistory, 2 be. Metallurgy, 820, 
 1 b; manufacture of, 1 c ; Hasenclever fur¬ 
 nace, 821, 1 b (ill.); English method, 822, 
 1 b; Silesian and Belgian, 1 c; Belgian fur¬ 
 nace, 823, 2 a (ill.); in the United States, 
 824, 1 be. Zinc white, or oxide of zinc, 
 826, 1 a; formation of, XIV. 584, 2 be. 
 Chloride of, use as a disinfectant, VI. 134, 
 1 be; in arresting dry rot in timber, ib., 
 and XIII. 825, 1 be. 
 
 Zincic acetate , XVI. 818, 2 be; chloride, 1 a; 
 sulphate, 1 c. 
 
 Zincite, ore, XVI. 820, 1 be. 
 
 Zingarelli, Nicold, Italian composer, XV1.826. 
 Zingian dialect (African), I. 171, 1 be. 
 
 Zin 1 giber offcina'le (botany), VII. 814, 1 c (ill.). 
 Zingis Khan : see Genghis Khan. 
 
 Zinguebar: see Zanzibar. 
 
 Zinnia, genus of plants, XVI. 826. Z. elegans, 
 827, 1 a (ills.). Other species, 2 a. 
 Zinzendorf, Nikolaus Ludwig, count [tsin'- 
 tsen-dorf], Moravian bishop, XVI. 827. 
 Count Christian Renatus, 828, 1 be. 
 
 Zion, Mount, XVI. 828. 
 
 Zipa [se'-pa], Muysca title, XII. 107, 2 ab. 
 
 Zips [tsips], county of Hungary, XVI. 828. 
 Zircon, mineral, V. 538, 2 c. See Zirconium. 
 Zirconia, XVI. 829, 1 b (Zirconium). 
 Zirconium, metal, XVI. 828. 
 
 Zis'ka, John, Hussite military leader, XVI. 829. 
 Zittau [tsit'-tow], town of Saxony, XVI. 830. 
 Ziu [tse'-oo], Swabian god, XII. 120, 1 c. 
 Zizania aquatica (botany), XIV. 310, 1 b (ill.). 
 Z. miliacea, 2 b. 
 
 Zizim [ze-zeem'], brother of Bajazet II., II. 101, 
 1 a; 227, 2 b. 
 
 Zizka: see Ziska. 
 
 Zizyphus (botany), IX. 709, 1 b. Z. vulgaris, 
 ib. (ill.); jujuba, 2 b; lotus, ib. ; Baclei, ib. 
 Zlaam, class of Druses, VI. 274, 2 a. 
 
 Znaym [tsnime], city of Moravia, XVI. 830. 
 Zoantho'ria, I. 74, 2 a (Actinia). 
 
 Zoar, village of Ohio, XVI. 830. Zoar soci¬ 
 ety, 2 b; XV. 140, 2 b. 
 
 Zo'ar, village of Palestine, X. 645, 2 ab. 
 Zoar'ces (ichthyology), II. 710, 2 ab. Z. vivip- 
 arus and anguillaris, 2 b. 
 
 Zodiac (astronomy), XVI. 830. 
 
 Zodiac of Denderah, VI. 7, 2 a; X. 373, 2 c. 
 
 Of Esne, ib. ; VI. 728, 1 a. 
 
 Zodi'acal Light, XVI. 831. 
 
 Zoe'a, young crab, V. 449,1 a. Zoea stage, ib. 
 Zoega, Georg [zo-a'-ga], Danish antiquary, 
 XVI. 832. 
 
 Zohak, castle of, ruins, II. 262, 2 b. 
 
 Zohrab, Armenian Biblical scholar, I. 727, 1 c. 
 Zo'ilus, ancient critic, XVI. 833. 
 
 Zollern: see Hohenzollern. 
 
 Zollverein [tsul'-fer-ine], German customs 
 union, XVI. 833; VII. 748, 1 c, 754, 2 c, 
 755, 2 b, 758, 1 b, 759, 1 c. 
 
 Zolyom [zo'-lyom], county of Hungary, XVI. 
 833. 
 
 Zombor, city of Hungary, XVI. 833. 
 
 Zonaras, Joannes, Byzantine historian, XVI. 
 833. 
 
 Zone, geographical, XVI. 834. 
 
810 
 
 ZONOTRICHIA 
 
 ZYMOTIC 
 
 Zonotrichia [zo-no-trik'-e-a], (ornithology), 
 VII. 191, 2 b. Z. graminea, 2 be; Lincolnii, 
 192,1 a (ill.); lencopbrys, XV. 229,1 be (ill.). 
 
 Zoography [zo-og'-ra-fe], a description of ani¬ 
 mals, I. 510, 2 c. 
 
 Zoology, scientific study of the animal king¬ 
 dom, XVI. 834; I. 510, 2 c. 
 
 Zooloos, South African nation, XVI. 834 (ill, 
 III. 546); XII. 156, 1 c. 
 
 Zoonomy , comparative physiology, I. 510, 2 c. 
 
 Zobph'yta helianthoi 1 dea, I. 74, 2 a (Actinia). 
 
 Zo'ophytes (zoology), XVI. 834; I. 510, 1 b; 
 V. 339, 2 a; XIII. 689, 1 c. 
 
 Zoospore, spore of algie, I. 300, 1 c. 
 
 Zobthome , V. 339, 2 a (Coral). 
 
 Zootomy, comparative anatomy, I. 510, 2 c. 
 
 Zorndorf [tsorn'-dorf], (village near Kustrin), 
 battle of, VII. 457, 1 b. 
 
 Zoroaster [zo-ro-as'-ter], founder of the ancient 
 Persian religion, XVI. 834; IX. 346, 1 c, 
 2 a. Modern followers of: see Guebres, 
 and Parsees. Zoroastrian literature : see 
 Zend-Avesta. 
 
 Zorrilla y Moral, Jose [thore-re'-lya e mo¬ 
 ral'], Spanish poet, XVI. 835. 
 
 ZosTmus, Greek historian, XVI. 835. 
 
 Zos'tera (botany), XVI. 733,1 b. Z. nana, 1 c; 
 marina, 1 a (ill.), III. 733,1 be; vallisneria, ib. 
 
 Zouaves [zwavz], in the French army, XVI. 
 835. In the United States army, 2 be. 
 
 Zozo'ro, plant, X. 810, 1 b. 
 
 Zrinyi, Miklos, count [zrin'-ye], Hungarian sol¬ 
 dier, XVI. 835. 
 
 Zschokke, Johann Heinrich Daniel [tshuk'- 
 keh], German author, XVI. 836. 
 
 Zucoarelli, Francesco [dzook-ka-rel'-le], Ital¬ 
 ian painter, XVI. 836. 
 
 Zucoaro, Taddeo [dzook-ka'-ro], Italian paint¬ 
 er XVI. 836. Federigo, painter, 2 c. 
 
 Zug [tsoog or tsoo k h], Swiss canton, XVI. 837. 
 Lake of, 1 b. Capital, 1 c. Derivation of 
 the name, XV. 529, 1 b. 
 
 Zuider Zee : see Zuyder Zee. 
 
 Zuinglius : see Zwingli. 
 
 Zulu dialect [zoo-loo'], 1 . 1 71, 1 c. See Zooloos. 
 
 Zumbuscii, Kaspar [tsoom'-boosh], German 
 sculptor, XVI. 837. 
 
 Zumpt, Karl Gottlob [tsoompt], German schol¬ 
 ar, XVI. 837. August Wilhelm, 2 ab. 
 
 ZuStga : see Ercilla y Zuniga. 
 
 Zunu breed of sheep [zoo-noo'J, XIV. 837, 2 b. 
 
 Zunz, Leopold [tsoonts], German Hebraist, 
 XVI. 837. 
 
 Zurbaran, Francisco [thoor-ba-ran'], Spanish 
 painter, XVI. 837. 
 
 Zurich [zu'-rik; Ger. tsti'-ri c h], Swiss canton, 
 XVI. 838. Capital city, 1 c. Derivation of 
 the name, XV. 529, 1 b. 
 
 Zurich, Lake of, XVI. 838. 
 
 Zurita, Geronimo [thoo'-re-ta], Spanish histo¬ 
 rian, XVI. 838; XV. 221, 1 c. 
 
 Zut'phen, city of the Netherlands, XVI. 839. 
 Battle of, 1 b. 
 
 Zutugil nation [thoo-too- k heel'j, referred to 
 XIV. 149, 2 be. 
 
 Zuyder Zee [zoi'-der za], bay or gulf of Hol¬ 
 land, XVI. 839. 
 
 Zuzims, VIII. 816, 2 b (Horites). 
 
 Zweibrucken [tswl'-briik-ken], city of Bavaria, 
 XVI. 839. County, 2 c; duchy, ib. 
 
 Zwickau [tswik'-kow], city of Saxony, XVI 
 840. 
 
 Zwingli, Ulric or Huldreich [tswin'-gle], Swiss 
 reformer and patriot, XVI. 840. His view 
 of the sacrament, X. 639, 1 b. 
 
 Zwirner, Ernst Friedrich [tsweer'-ner], Ger¬ 
 man architect, XVI. 843. 
 
 Zwolle [zwdl'-l&h], city of the Netherlands, 
 XVI. 843. 
 
 Zygce'na (ichthyology), XIV. 830, 1 b. Z. 
 malleus, ib. (ill.). 
 
 Zygamidm (ichthyology), XIV. 830, 1 a. 
 
 Zygapoph'ysis (anatomy), XIII. 424, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Z ygne'ma (botany), XIII. 574, 1 b (ill.). 
 
 Zygob'atis (ichthyology), XIV. 223, 1 c. 
 
 Zymo'sis, in pathology, XVI. 843. 
 
 Zymot'ic diseases, VII. 165, 2 c; XV. 152, 1 c. 
 See Zymosis. 
 
 THE EXD» 
 
AN ANALYTICAL INDEX 
 
 TO THE 
 
 ABBE 
 
 Abbe, Cleveland, American physicist, I. 809. 
 
 Abbot, American engineer. His theory of bar 
 formation, IX. 857, 2 c, 858,1 a. 
 
 Abbot, Josiah G., American statesman, VI. 
 814, 1 a, 815, 1 b. 
 
 Abbu Hubba, Chaldea, I. 822, 2 a. 
 
 Abdul-Aziz [ab-dool-a-zeez'J, Turkish sultan, 
 deposed, XI. 891, 2 c; XIY. 891, 1 c. 
 
 Abdul Hamid, II. [ab-dool ha-meed'], Turkish 
 sultan, XI. 891, 2 c; XIY. 891, 2 c. 
 
 Abdul-Kerim Pasha, Turkish commanding gen¬ 
 eral, XIY. 892, 2 a, b. 
 
 Abdul-Medjid [ab-dool-med-jeed'j, sultan of 
 Turkey, XIY. 891, 2 a. 
 
 Abdurrahman, brother of Shere Ali, I. 812, 
 1 a. 
 
 Aberdeen', Scotland, Lord Lindsay’s observa¬ 
 tory at, XII. 845, 2 a. 
 
 Abner, Capt., English soldier, XY. 904, 2 be. 
 
 AchenbacJi, Andreas [a- k hen-ba k h], painter, 
 XVI. 854, 2 c. 
 
 Acne, skin disease, XY. 882, 1 a. 
 
 Actinophone, XIV. 885, 1 c. 
 
 Adakh, one of the Aleutian islands, I. 818, 2 c. 
 
 Adams, Gen., special Indian agent, Y. 805, 2 c. 
 
 Adams, John Couch, astronomer, XI. 898, 2 b; 
 director of Cambridge observatory, XII. 
 845, 1 ab; XY. 914, 1 c. 
 
 Aerophone [a'-er-o-phone], instrument for mag¬ 
 nifying sound, YI. 807, 2a, b. 
 
 Afghanistan', alleged causes of the war of 
 1878—’9, I. 810 ; a treaty negotiated, 811, be. 
 
 Agattu, one of the Aleutian islands, I. 818, 2 c. 
 
 ALEUTIAN ISLANDS 
 
 Ahmed , Pasha: see Arabi. 
 
 Ainmuller, Maximilian Emanuel [Ine'-mul-ler], 
 artist, XII. 825, 2 c. 
 
 Airy, Sir George B English astronomer. His 
 lunar theory, XI. 898, 2 ab; of the royal ob¬ 
 servatory, Greenwich, XII. 844, 2 c. 
 
 Akhun , one of the Aleutian islands, I. 818, 2 
 c; 819, 2 a. 
 
 Akkas, race of dwarfs, I. 812. 
 
 Akron, Ohio, XII. 848, 2 b. 
 
 Aksakoff, Iran, founder of the Panslavic move¬ 
 ment, XIII. 855, 2 c, 856, 2 a, c. 
 
 Akutan, volcano, Alaska, I. 814, 1 b, 818, 2 c; 
 819, 1 b, 2 b. 
 
 Alabama, population and counties of, I. 812; 
 resources of, ib. ; financial condition of, 813, 
 1 a, b; turpentine interest in, VII. 851,1 c. 
 
 Alameda, California, III. 808, 1 a. 
 
 Alas'ka, territory, extent of, I. 813 ; origin of 
 name, 2 a; shore line of, 2 b; surface of, c; 
 its mountains, 814, 1 a, b; climate, c, 2 b; 
 productions, c, 815, 1; inhabitants, 2; 816, 
 1 a; business centres, b; politics of, be; fur 
 trade, 2 a, b; whale fishery, c; fisheries, 
 817,1 a, b; minerals, b, c, 2 a; forests, a, b ; 
 history, b, c, 818, 1 a, b; Russian trading 
 companies, b, c, 2 a; surrendered to the 
 United States, b; authorities on, ib. ; forests 
 in, VII, 852, 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 Albany, N. Y., XII. 835, 1 b; observatory at, 
 844, 2 b; XV. 914, 1 c. 
 
 Albinos, XY. 888, 2 a. 
 
 Aleu'tian Islands, position and divisions of, 
 
812 
 
 ALEUTS 
 
 ARGELANDER 
 
 I. 818; extent of, 819, 1 a; volcanoes, hot 
 springs and earthquakes, b; vegetation in, 
 c; settlements in, ib., 2 a; harbors and passes, 
 b; authorities on, c. 
 
 Aleuts [al'-ey-oot], a race of people in Alaska, 
 I. 815, 2 b; comparatively civilized, 816, 1 
 b ; seal fishing of, 2 b ; ill-treatment of, 818, 
 1 a, c; derivation of, 819, 1 a; origin of, 2 
 a, b. 
 
 Alexander II, Emperor of Russia, death of, I. 
 819, 2 c, 820, 1 b; nihilism in the reign of, 
 XII. 835, 1 c; attempts on the life of, 838, 
 1 b; Panslavism in the reign of, XIII. 856, 
 
 1 a; concludes an armistice with Turkey, 
 XIV. 893, 2 b. 
 
 Alexander III., Alexandrovitch, Emperor of 
 Russia, I. 819. Proclamations of the Nihil¬ 
 ists, 820, 1 a, b, c. Coronation, 2 a. His 
 children, ib. In the Russo - Turkish war, 
 XIV. 892, 2 c; 893, 1 a. 
 
 Alexander VII., pope, XII. 842, 2 a. 
 
 Alexander , Prince of Battenburg and Bulgaria, 
 XIV. 894, 2 a. 
 
 Alexander , Prince of Hesse, XIV. 894, 2 a. 
 Alexander Vogorides , Prince (Aleko Pasha), 
 XIV. 894, 2 a. 
 
 Alexander Archipelago, I. 820. 
 
 Alexandria Bay , New York, XV. 921, 1 a. 
 Alexandria , Egypt, VI. 809, 1 a, 811, 1 b; 
 riot in, c; bombardment of, 2 a; fortifica¬ 
 tion of, 812, 1 b; obelisks at, XII. 842, 1 b, 
 
 2 c; pharos of, XIV. 896, 2 c; catacombs 
 of, 897, 1 a. 
 
 Alexandria , Va., XVI. 850, 2 a. 
 
 Alfonso XII., King of Spain, I. 820. 
 
 Ali Pasha , I. 821, 1 a. 
 
 Alison, Sir Archibald , at Alexandria, VI. 812, 
 
 1 b. 
 
 Allegheny , Pa., Observatory of, XI. 898, 1 c; 
 XII. 844, 1 c. Population of, XIII. 861, 
 
 2 ab. 
 
 Allen, Prof., of the University of Wisconsin, 
 his lectures, IX. 865, 2 c. 
 
 Allen, William , governor of Ohio, VIII. 840, 
 
 1 b. 
 
 Allentown , Pa., XIII. 861, 2 b. 
 
 Alopecia, or baldness, XV. 888, 2 b. 
 
 Altoona , Pa., XIII. 861, 2 ab. 
 
 Amatignak , one of the Aleutian islands, I. 
 818, 2 c. 
 
 Ambler, Dr., American explorer, I. 833, 1 a; 
 V. 828, 2 a. 
 
 Amchitka, one of the Aleutian islands, I. 818, 
 
 2 c; 819, 1 be. 
 
 Amherst College, observatory at, XV. 915, 2 b. 
 Amherst Island, one of the Thousand islands, 
 XV. 920, 2 c. 
 
 Amici, telescope maker, XV. 914, 1 c, 915, 1 b. 
 Amlia, one of the Aleutian islands, I. 818, 2 c. 
 Amsterdam, N. Y., XII. 835, 1 b. 
 
 Amukhta, one of the Aleutian islands, I. 818, 
 2 c, 819, 2 b. 
 
 Anderson, Ada, pedestrian, XIII. 857, 2 ab. 
 Anderson, Mary, American actress, I. 820. 
 Andrassy, Count, Austrian chancellor, XIV. 
 891, 1 a, b, c. 
 
 Ann Arbor, Mich., observatory at, XII. 844, 
 2 a; XV. 914, 1 c. 
 
 Annapolis, Md., XI. 879, 2 b. 
 
 Antofagasta, Bolivia, nitrate deposits at, IV. 
 813, 1 be. 
 
 Appleton, Wis., XVI. 856, 2 c. 
 
 Arabi AnMED Pasha, Egyptian soldier, I. 820. 
 Ordered to preserve order in Alexandria, 
 821, 1 b. Defeated by the English, c. Ban¬ 
 ished, 2 a; II. 816, 2 a. Presents Arab 
 grievances to the khedive, VI. 810, 1 be. 
 Made minister of war, 811, 1 a. At Kafr 
 Dawar, 812, 1 a. He spares the Suez canal, 
 c. Surrenders, 813, 1 b. 
 
 Arabi Bey: see Arabi Ahmed Pasha. 
 
 Arbor vitce, tree, VII. 852, 2 a, c. 
 
 Archaeology [ar-ke-ol'-o-je], I. 821. Prof. 
 Maspero’s discoveries in Egypt, 2 b, c. He 
 enters ancient pyramids, 822, 1 a. Discov¬ 
 eries relating to Pharaoh, b. To the deluge, 
 be. To Babylon, c. Sippara, 2 a, b. Olym¬ 
 pia, c, 823, 1. 
 
 Archery, Modern, (ills.) I. 827, 828; I. 823. 
 Experts in, 2 c. Targets, 824, 1 a. Ladies 
 proficient in, be. Royal Company of Arch¬ 
 ers, c. Woodmen of Arden, 825, 1 a. Royal 
 Toxophilite Society, b. Tables of scores, 
 2 b. In America, c. The bow, 826, 1 b. 
 The string, 2 c. The arrow, 827, 1 b. Bra¬ 
 cer and finger tips, 2 b. Quiver, c. Method 
 of shooting, 828, 1 a. Physical effects, 830, 
 1 b. Vocabulary of, 2 b. Books on, 831, 
 
 1 c. 
 
 Arcimis, Seilor, director of the Madrid obser¬ 
 vatory, XII. 846, 2 b. 
 
 Arctic Discovery, I. 831. Map, 833. Expe¬ 
 dition under Capt. Nares, 831, 2 ab. One 
 under Capt. Young, 832, 1 a. One under 
 De Long and Chipp, 1 c. Capt. Howgate’s 
 plan, 833,1 a. Discoveries of Nordenskjold, 
 
 2 c. Expedition under Schwatka, 834, 1 c. 
 Argelander, Friedrich Wilhelm August [ar'- 
 
ARGENTINE REPUBLIC 
 
 BALTIMORE 
 
 813 
 
 gh8h-lan-der], German astronomer, XV. 895, 
 
 2 bo, 896, 1 a, c, 2 a. 
 
 Argentine Republic. Observatory at Cordoba, 
 XII. 846, 2 b; XV. 894, 2 b, 896, 2 a, 914, 
 
 1 c. 
 
 Arizona Territory, I. 884. Financial condi¬ 
 tion of, 835,1 a, b. Mining resources, 2 a, b, c. 
 Indians in, 836, 1 a, 2 a. Forests in, VII. 
 852, 1 b, 2 b, c, 854, 1 a, b, c. 
 
 Arkansas [ar'-kan-saw], state, I. 836. Coun¬ 
 ties and population, 1 b, c, 2 b, c. Suit against 
 Little Rock and Fort Smith railroad, 2 c. 
 Forests in, VII, 851, 2 c. 
 
 Arles [arl], France, obelisk at, XII, 842, 2 b. 
 Armstrong, John, American soldier, I. 837. 
 Army Worm, I. 837 (ills.). In moth state, 1 c. 
 Caterpillar state, 2 b. On the march, 838, 
 
 1 b. Various invasions of, c. Preventives, 
 
 2 a, b. Its parasites, c. 
 
 Arnin, Harry von, German statesman, I. 838. 
 Arnold, George, American poet, I. 839. 
 Arnold, Isaac Newton, American author, I. 
 839. 
 
 Arnold, Samuel Greene, American historian, I, 
 839. 
 
 Arthur, Chester Alan, twenty-first president 
 of the United States, I. 839. Collector of 
 the port of New York, 840, 1 a; vice-presi¬ 
 dent, 2 a ; his cabinet, b. 
 
 Ash , tree, VII. 850, 1 c; green ash, 2 b. 
 
 Ashe, of Quebec observatory, XV. 915, 1 b. 
 Aspen, tree, VII. 850, 1 be. 
 
 Asten, Dr. von, astronomer, V. 808, 1 b. 
 Asteroids, II. 801; table of, 801, 802. 
 
 Asthma, remedy for, VIII. 837, 2 a; IX. 854, 
 1 a; XV. 903, 1 b. 
 
 Astley, Sir John, patron of sport, XIII. 858, 
 1 b, c. 
 
 Astoria, Oregon, XII. 854, 1 a. 
 
 Astronomy, II. 802; works on, 809, 2 c. 
 
 Comets, V. 806, 2 b. 
 
 Atchison, Kansas, IX. 868, 2 c. 
 
 Athens, observatory at, XV. 915, 1 c. 
 
 Athens, Ga., VII. 860, 2 b. 
 
 Athens, Tenn., university at, XV. 917, 1 a. 
 Atka, one of the Aleutian islands, I. 818, 2 c, 
 819, 2 a, b. 
 
 Atkinson, Edward, organizes an exhibition of 
 cotton, II. 803, 1 a. 
 
 Atlanta Cotton Exposition (ill.), II. 803; 
 VII. 859, 2 c. 
 
 Atlanta, Ga., cotton factory at, VII. 860,2 a; 
 population, b. 
 
 Atrophia: see Atrophic Affections. 
 
 At'rophic affections of the skin, XV. 880, 2 a, c, 
 888, 2 a. 
 
 Attu , one of the Aleutian islands, I. 818, 2 c, 
 819, 2 a, b. 
 
 Auburn, Me., XI. 875, 2 b. 
 
 Auburn, N. Y., prison at, XII. 834, 2 c, 835, 
 
 1 b; steam heating at, XV. 899, 1 b. 
 
 Augier, Guillaume Victor Emile [o-ghe-a], 
 
 French dramatist, X. 855, 2 c. 
 
 Augusta, Ga. Its cotton factories, VII. 859, 
 
 2 c; population, 860, 2 b. 
 
 Augusta, Me., XI. 875, 2 b. 
 
 Augustus, Emperor of Rome, brings an obelisk 
 from Heliopolis, XII. 842, 1 c. 
 
 Aurora, Ill., IX. 844, 1 a. 
 
 Austin, Texas, college at, XV. 919, 1 b; asy¬ 
 lums, 2 b; population, 920, 1 b. 
 
 Australia, Ostrich farming in, XII. 854, 2 a; 
 
 pituri found in, XIII. 862, 2 a. 
 
 Avatanak, one of the Aleutian islands, I. 819, 
 2 a. 
 
 Averysboro, N. C., II. 804. 
 
 Ayrton, Prof, electrician, VI. 816, 2 a. 
 
 Bab'ylon, Chaldea, I. 822, 1 c, 2a; hanging 
 gardens of, XIV. 896, 2 c. 
 
 Bacteria: see Germ Theory op Disease. 
 Badger, George Percy, Arabic scholar, XIV. 
 886, 1 a. 
 
 Baeyer, chemist. His process of making indi¬ 
 go, IX. 846, 1 c, 847, 1 b. 
 
 Bagehot, Walter, English author, II. 804. 
 Bailey, James Montgomery, American hu¬ 
 morist, II. 804. 
 
 Bailly, Leon [ba-ye], French painter, XV. 
 921, 2 c. 
 
 Bakhuysen, van der Sande [bak'-hoi-zen], direc¬ 
 tor of the Leyden observatory, XII. 846,1 b. 
 Bakunin, Michael [ba-koo-nin'], Russian revo¬ 
 lutionist, XII. 836, 1 b; journal of, 2 c; his 
 death, 837,1 a, 2 b ; his successor, 838, 2 c; his 
 sympathy with Panslavism, XIII. 855, 2 be. 
 Baldness, XV. 888, 2 b. 
 
 Balfour, Francis Maitland, English physicist, 
 II. 804. 
 
 Ball, Dr., director of the Dunsink observa¬ 
 tory, Dublin, XII. 845, 1 b; XV. 914, 1 c. 
 Balsam , tree, VII. 850, 1 be, 852, 1 c. 
 Baltimore, Md., Johns Hopkins University 
 at, IX. 864, 1 c; hospital at, XI. 878, 2 a. 
 Schools, b; cotton-mills, 879, 1 a. Popula¬ 
 tion, 2 b. Oleomargarine factory at, XII. 
 852, 1 a. 
 
814 
 
 BANCROFT 
 
 BIMETALLISM 
 
 Bancroft, Dr., XIII. 862, 2 a. 
 
 Bangor, Maine, XL 875, 2 b. 
 
 Baquemado, [ba-ka-ma'tfAo], Chilian com¬ 
 mander, IV. 815, 1 b. 
 
 Barclay, observatory of, at Leyton, XII. 845, 
 1 c; XV. 915, 1 a. 
 
 Barclay-Allardice, Robert (Robert Barclay), 
 pedestrian, XIII. 857, 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 Bargossi , Italian pedestrian, XIII. 859, 2 c. 
 
 Barker, Prof ., on the sun’s eclipse, XV. 907, 
 1 a. 
 
 Barnard , </. £., American general, on opening 
 the mouth of the Mississippi, IX. 857, 1 c, 2 
 a, 859, 2 c. 
 
 Barneby , of the Worcester observatory, XV. 
 915, 1 a. 
 
 Barrias [bar-re-a], French painter, XVI. 849, 
 1 a. 
 
 Barringer, V. C., American statesman, XV. 
 922, 1 be. 
 
 Barry , Thomas F. , captain of an American 
 whaling schooner, I. 834, 1 c. 
 
 Barton, Clara, American philanthropist, II. 
 805. 
 
 Basutos, tribe of S. Africa, II. 805. They 
 swear allegiance to England, 1 c. Rebellion 
 among, 2; expense to England, 806, 1 a. 
 
 Bates college (U. S.) observatory , XV. 915, 
 1 c. 
 
 Baton Rouge , La. [bat'-un-roozh], X. 865, 2 c. 
 
 Battenberg, Prince Alexander, of Bulgaria, III. 
 804, 2 a. 
 
 Baudelaire, Charles Pierre [bode-lare], French 
 poet, II. 806. 
 
 Bay , Mich., XI. 890, 2 b. 
 
 Bayard, Thomas Francis, American states¬ 
 man, II. 806; of the electoral commission, 
 VI. 814, 1 a, 815, 1 b. 
 
 Bayley, Col., English soldier, attacked by the 
 Basutos, II. 805, 2 b. 
 
 Bayley, G. IF. R., American engineer. His ap¬ 
 pointment on the jetty work, IX. 859, 2 c. 
 
 Beaconsfeld, Earl [bek'-uns-feeld], Benjamin 
 Disraeli, V. 816, 2 b. 
 
 Beale, Lionel S., English physician, his opposi¬ 
 tion to germ theory, VII. 864, 1 ab, 2 a. 
 
 Beard, George Miller, American physician, II. 
 807. 
 
 Bearded women, XV. 887, 2 c. 
 
 Bede, Guthbert: see Bradley, Edward. 
 
 Bedgery, XIII. 862, 1 c. 
 
 Beech, tree, VII. 850, 2 b, 851, 2 c. 
 
 Beetles, Holub’s collection of, VIII. 843, 2 a. 
 
 Behring, Vitus [ba'-ring], navigator, I. 817, 2 
 
 b, c; discoverer of the Aleutian islands, 819, 
 2 b. 
 
 Behrmann [bair'-man], astronomer, XV. 894, 
 2 b, 896, 1 c. 
 
 Bell, his steel process, XV. 899, 2 a. 
 
 Bell, Alexander Graham, inventor, XIII. 862, 
 1 a, c; XIV. 883, 2 b, 884, 1 a, 2 a; XV. 
 909, 2 b. His telephone (ills.), c, 910, 911, 1 c. 
 
 Bell, Thomas, English naturalist, II. 807. 
 
 Bender. His steel process, XV. 899, 2 a. 
 
 Bennett, James Gordon, buys the Pandora and 
 renames her the Jeannette, I. 832, 1 c; in¬ 
 troduces polo, XIII. 865, 1 c. 
 
 Bennington, Vt., XVI. 848, 2 c. 
 
 Benson, Edward White, English clergyman, 
 II. 807. 
 
 Bentonville, N. C., II. 808. 
 
 Benzine, discovery of, X. 861, 2 c. 
 
 Bergh, Henry, American reformer, II. 808. 
 
 Bering: see Behring. 
 
 Berlin observatory, XII. 845, 2 c; XV. 915, 
 1 a. 
 
 Berlioz, Hector [bair-lyo], French composer, 
 XVI. 855, 1 c. 
 
 Berneux [bair-niih], missionary in Corea, V. 
 815, 1 c. 
 
 Bernhardt, Sarah, French actress, II. 809. 
 
 Bernini, Giovanni Lorenzo [bair-ne-ne], Italian 
 sculptor and architect, erects the obelisk of 
 the Piazza Pavona, XII. 842, 2 a. 
 
 Bernouilli, Baniel [bair-nool-ye], inventor of 
 the kinetic theory of gases, X. 862, 1 a. 
 
 Bessel, stellar researches of, XV. 894, 2 c. Of 
 the Konigsberg observatory, 915, 1 b. 
 
 Bessemer, observatory of, XV. 914, 1 a. 
 
 Bessemer, Henry, English engineer. His fur¬ 
 nace, XV. 899, 1 c, 2 a, c, 900, 1 ab. 
 
 Bibles, ip the Lenox library, X. 860, 2 b. 
 
 Bicycle, II. 809 (ill.). Weight of, 2 c. Ori¬ 
 gin of, 810, 1 a, b. Improvements in, b. 
 Works on, 2 b. 
 
 Biddeford, Me., XI. 875, 2 b. 
 
 Biddulph, A. S., English general, occupies 
 Candahar, I. 811, 1 ab. 
 
 Bilimek, Major von, Hungarian officer. His 
 modification of the Kriegsspiel, X, 855, 2 a. 
 
 Billings, J. S., U. S. surgeon-general’s office. 
 His lectures, IX. 865, 2 be. 
 
 Bimetallism, II. 810. Definition, 2 c. Stand¬ 
 ard of gold and silver changed, 811, 1 b. 
 World’s stock of gold and silver, 2 a. Argu¬ 
 ments for monometallism, b, c, 814, 1 be. 
 Table of the two metals as coin, 812, 1 b. 
 Silver production in U. S. A., 2 b. German 
 
BINGHAMTON 
 
 BROMHEAD 
 
 815 
 
 stock of silver, b. Trade dollar, 813, 2 a. 
 International bimetallic congress, b. Annual 
 production of gold and silver, 814, 1 b. Ar¬ 
 gument for bimetallism, c. 
 
 Binghamton, N. Y., insane asylum, XII. 834. 
 
 2 b. Population, 835, 1 b. 
 
 Biorka , one of the Aleutian islands, I. 819, 2 a. 
 Birch , tree, VII. 850, 1 c, 852, 1 a. 
 Birmingham , his catalogue of red stars, XV. 
 896, 1 b. 
 
 Birt, of the London observatory, XV. 915, 
 1 b. 
 
 BirthmarTc , skin affection, XV. 886, 2 c. 
 Bishop , of the London observatory, XV. 915, 
 1 b. 
 
 Bismarck, Dak., II. 814; V. 821, 2 a. 
 Bismarck-Schiinhausen, Otto Eduard Leopold, 
 Prince [biss'-mark-shon'-how-zen], German 
 statesman. On papal infallibility, VII. 840, 
 
 1 a, 841, 1 c. Von Boon retires in favor of, 
 XIV. 890, 1 c. 
 
 Black, J. S., American judge, VI. 814, 1 b. 
 Black, William, British novelist, II. 814. 
 Blackburn, nenry, English author, II. 815. 
 Blackmore, Richard Doddridge, English au¬ 
 thor, II. 815. 
 
 Black Walnut, tree, VII. 852, 1 a. 
 
 Blaine, James Gillespie, American statesman, 
 II. 815. Speaker of the House, 2 b. His 
 chances at the Cincinnati convention of 1876, 
 c. Chicago convention of 1880, VII. 856, 
 
 2 b. Secretary of state, c, 857, 1 a. Con¬ 
 vention of 1876, VIII. 840, 1 b. His name 
 proposed in 1876 by Ingersoll, IX. 847, 1 c. 
 
 Blake, David , American inventor, IV. 802, 1 b. 
 Blake, William, English artist and poet, XIV. 
 890, 1 b. 
 
 Blanchet [bla ng -sha], French engineer. His pro¬ 
 ject for building the Isthmus canal, IX. 849, 
 2 c. 
 
 Bleuler [bloi-ler], Swiss color-bearer, V. 806, 
 1 a. 
 
 Blignieres, M. de [ble-ny8r], minister of public 
 works in Egypt, VI. 809, 2 b, c. 
 
 Bloody sweat , XV. 886, 1 b, 2 a. 
 
 Bloomfield, Arthur, English architect, VIII. 
 839, 1 c. 
 
 Bloomington, Ill., IX. 844, 1 a. 
 
 Blunt, John Henry, English author, II. 816. 
 Blunt, Wilfred Scawen, English author, II. 
 816. Anne Isabella Noel, wife of Wilfred, 
 ib. 
 
 Boats , portable, VII. 854, 2 c. Life, 855, 1 a. 
 Dredge, IX. 864, 1 a. 
 
 Boehm, Joseph Edgar [bom], German sculptor, 
 II. 816. 
 
 Bogolinboff, nihilist convict, XII. 837, 2 c. 
 
 Bogoslofir, one of the Aleutian islands, I. 818, 
 2 c; volcano, 819, 1 b. 
 
 Boise City, Idaho, IX. 841, 1 b. 
 
 Bolivia: see Chili, Peru, and Bolivia, war 
 between. 
 
 Bonn observatory [bun], XII. 845, 2 c; XV. 
 896, 1 b, 915, 1 c. 
 
 Boole, George, English mathematician, III. 
 801. 
 
 Booth, Edwin , American actor, IV. 817, 2 a. 
 
 Boss, L., director of the Dudley observatory, 
 XII. 844, 2 b. Drawings of the sun’s corona, 
 XV. 907, 2 b, 914, 1 c. 
 
 Boston , Mass., valuation of, XI. 880, 2 c. Popu¬ 
 lation, 882, 1 b. Oleomargarine factory at, 
 XII, 852, 1 a. 
 
 Bouldyr, one of the Aleutian islands, I. 818, 
 2 c. 
 
 Boundary, between Ontario, Manitoba, and the 
 Dominion government, XI. 876, 2 b; be¬ 
 tween Virginia and Maryland, 879, 1 a; of 
 Nebraska, XII. 826, 2 b; between Texas and 
 the Indian nation, XV. 920, 1 a. 
 
 Bouquet, Henry, English soldier, III. 805, 2 b, 
 c, 806, 1 a, b. 
 
 BRADLAUGn, Charles, English agitator, III. 801. 
 
 Bradley, Edward, English author (Cuthbert 
 Bede), III. 801. 
 
 Bradley, Joseph P., American judge, VI. 814, 
 1 ab, 815, 1 b. 
 
 Brady, William Maziere, Irish clergyman, III. 
 801. 
 
 Brandt, Prof., of the Johns Hopkins Univer¬ 
 sity, IX. 865, 2 c. 
 
 Brattleboro , Vt., XVI. 848, 2 c. 
 
 Bredichin , T., Russian astronomer, on the 
 nebulae, XII. 827, 1 a. Director of the Mos¬ 
 cow observatory, 846, 1 c; XV. 914, 1 c. 
 
 Brenham, Texas, XV. 920, 1 b. 
 
 Brewer, Thomas Mayo, American ornitholo¬ 
 gist, III. 802. 
 
 Brewster, Benjamin H, American statesman, 
 I. 840, 2 b. 
 
 Bridge, built by Eads, VI. 802, 2 c, 803, 1 a; 
 over the East river, 804, 2 c. 
 
 Bridgeport, Conn., V. 811, 1 c. 
 
 Bristow, Benjamin II., at the Cincinnati con¬ 
 vention, 1876, VIII. 840, 1 b. 
 
 Brittan, Harriet G., missionary in India, XVI. 
 858, 2 c. 
 
 Bromhead , Lieut., British soldier, XVI. 860, 2 c. 
 
816 
 
 BROOKE 
 
 CALDERON 
 
 Brooke, G. F., English actor, V. 825, 2 a. 
 
 Brooke, Stopford Augustus, English clergy¬ 
 man, III. 802. 
 
 Brook Farm Association , XIV. 889, 1 c. 
 
 Brookings, Dakota, V. 821, 2 c. 
 
 Brooklyn , N. Y., XII. 835, 1 b. Observatory 
 at, XV. 914, 1 c, 915, 1 c. 
 
 Brooks, Dr., of the Johns Hopkins University. 
 His lectures, IX. 865, 2 c. 
 
 Brooks, IF i?., American astronomer. Dis¬ 
 covers a comet, XV. 908, 1 b. 
 
 Broun , of the Trevandrum observatory, XV. 
 915, 1 c. 
 
 Brown, Ford Madox, English painter, XIV. 
 890, 2 b. 
 
 Brown, IT., pedestrian, XIII. 858, 1 c, 2 a, b, 
 859, 2 a. 
 
 Brown, Joseph Emerson, governor of Georgia, 
 III. 802. 
 
 Browne, Hablot Knight, English artist (Phiz), 
 III. 802. 
 
 Browne, Sir Samuel, English general, com¬ 
 mands first division of the Khyber Pass army, 
 I. 810, 2 b, 811, 1 a, b. 
 
 Brownsville, Texas, XV. 920, 1 b. 
 
 Brugsch, Emil [brooksh], I. 821, 2 b. 
 
 Bruhns, G., director of the Leipsic observa¬ 
 tory, XII. 846, la;. XV. 915, 1 b. 
 
 Briinnow [briin'-no], astronomer, on nebuhe, 
 XII. 827, 1 a. 
 
 Briinnow [briin'-no], astronomer, I. 809, 1 b. 
 
 Brunnow, Russian ambassador, XV. 879, 1 c. 
 
 Brush, C. F., electrician, VI. 816, 1 b. His 
 electric lamp (ills.), 819, 2, 820, 1. His con¬ 
 tinuous-current machine, 824, 1 c (ills.), 
 825. 
 
 Brussels observatory, XII. 846, 1 b; XV. 914, 
 1 b. 
 
 Bryant, William Cullen, American poet and 
 journalist. His connection with Gay, VII. 
 857, 2 b. 
 
 Buckingham, observatory of, XV. 914, 1 b, 
 915, 1 a. 
 
 Buckshots, another name for Molly Maguires, 
 which see XI. 896. 
 
 Buddhism, in Corea, V. 812, 2 c, 814, 1 a, c. 
 
 Buffalo, N. Y., XII. 835, 1 b. Polo at, XIII. 
 865, 1 c. 
 
 Bulgaria, III. 803. Population, 1 a; indus¬ 
 tries, b, c; history of the people, c, 2 ; edu¬ 
 cation, 2 c; revolutionary movement, 804, 
 1 a ; delivered from Turkish rule, b ; Russian 
 administration, c ; iu the Russo-Turkish war, 
 XIV. 892, 2 b. 
 
 Bulgaria, Prince of, narrow escape of, XII. 
 838, 2 b. 
 
 Burdette, Robert Jones, American humorist, 
 III. 804. 
 
 Burgin, electric lamp, efficiency of, VI. 827. 
 Buried cities, a puzzle, XIV. 882, 2 c. 
 Burlington, Iowa, IX. 848, 1 b. 
 
 Burlington, Vt., XVI. 848, 2 c. 
 
 Burnaby, Frederick, English traveller, III. 804. 
 Burnand, Francis Cowley, English humorist, 
 III. 805. 
 
 Burnes, Sir Alexander, British geographer and 
 diplomatist, I. 811, 2 a. 
 
 Burnett, Frances Hodgson, American novel¬ 
 ist, III. 805. 
 
 Burnham, E. IF., astronomer, XII. 844, 2 a. 
 
 Discovers double stars, XV. 893, 2 b, 915,1 c. 
 Burns, treatment of, XV. 886, 1 ab. 
 
 Burns, Patrick, clerk in a Tuscarora coal office. 
 
 Killed by Molly Maguires, XI. 896, 2 a, c. 
 Burroughs, John, American author, III. 805. 
 Burrows, Gen., British, defeated by Ayub 
 Khan, I. 812, 1 a. 
 
 Bushy Run, battle of, III. 805. 
 
 Butcher, Samuel Henry, English scholar, III. 
 802. 
 
 Butylene, discovery of, X. 861, 2 c. 
 
 Byrnes, John, telescope maker, XV. 915, 1 be. 
 Byron, George Gordon, Lord, English poet, as¬ 
 sists at Shelley’s cremation, V. 818, 1 b; 
 XV. 922, 2 b. 
 
 Byron, Ada, daughter of the preceding, II. 
 816, 2 ab. 
 
 Cabanel, Alexandre [ka-ba-nel], French paint¬ 
 er, XIV. 2 c. 
 
 Cable, George Washington, American author, 
 III. 806. 
 
 Cabool', Afghanistan, Russian embassy to, I. 
 810, 1 be ; England demands the privilege of 
 an envoy at, 2 a; Russia withdraws her em¬ 
 bassy, c; British resident at, 811, 1 c, 2 a; 
 massacre of English at, b; Gen. Roberts 
 abandons, c. 
 
 Caceres, Gen., Peruvian soldier, IV. 815, 2 c, 
 816, 1 a. 
 
 Cadogan, Lady Adelaide, XIV. 882, 2 c. 
 Cailletel [kay'-ta], French chemist, liquefies 
 the “ permanent ” gases, X. 862, 2 a. 
 Calcutta, India, observatory at, XV. 915, 1 a; 
 
 “ American Home ” in, XVI. 859,1 a. 
 Calderon, Dr. Garcia, tries to organize a pro¬ 
 visional government in Lima, IV. 815, b. 
 
CALDERON 
 
 CENSUS, UNITED STATES 817 
 
 Calderon, Philip Ilermogenes, English paint¬ 
 er, III, 806. 
 
 California, III. 806. Population and counties, 
 2 c, 807, 1 a; taxes, b; resources, 2 a, b, c. 
 Forests in, VII. 852, 1 be, 2 b, c, 858, 1 b, c, 
 2 a, b, c, 854, 1 a, b. Ostrich farming in, 
 XII. 854, 2 b. 
 
 Caligula , Emperor of Rome, brings an obelisk 
 from Heliopolis, XII. 842, 1 be. 
 
 Calver , telescope maker, XY. 914, 1 a. 
 Camacho, Gen., president of Bolivia, IY. 814, 
 2 b. 
 
 Cambridge (Eng.) observatory , XII. 845, 1 ab; 
 XY. 896, 1 b, 914, 1 c. 
 
 Cambridge , Mass., valuation of, XI. 880, 2 c; 
 
 population, 882, 1 b. 
 
 Camden , N. J., XII. 832, 1 a. 
 
 Cameron, Yerney Lovett, English traveller, 
 III. 809; imprisonment of, in Abyssinia, 
 XIY. 886, 1 b. 
 
 Campbell , of the observatory at Brooklyn, XY. 
 
 914, 1 c. 
 
 Campbell , A. J., American explorer, discovers 
 Luray cavern, X. 866, 1 a. 
 
 Campbell, Bartley, American dramatist, III. 
 809. 
 
 Camphor , used in manufacture of celluloid, 
 IY. 801, 2 a. 
 
 Canada, Dominion of (map), III. 808; bounda¬ 
 ries of, 1 c, 2 c; financial condition of, 809, 
 
 1 a, b; canals, railways, and population, c. 
 Candahar ', Afghanistan, occupied by the Brit¬ 
 ish, I. 811, 1 ab, 2 b, 812, 1 a, 2 a. 
 
 Canning of fruits and vegetables in Maryland , 
 XI. 878, 2 be. 
 
 Cannstadt observatory , XY. 915, 1 b. 
 
 Canoe birch , tree, YII. 850, 1 be, 852, 1 c. 
 Caflons of Colorado , Y. 804, 1 b. 
 
 Canton , Ohio, XII. 848, 2 b. 
 
 Capello , Brito , explorer, XIY. 896, 2 ab. 
 
 Cape of Good Hope , observatory at, XII. 845, 
 
 2 b. 
 
 Carey, Lieut., British soldier, XYI. 861, 1 b. 
 Carleton college , Minn., observatory of, XY. 
 
 915, 1 b. 
 
 Carleton Island , one of the Thousand islands, 
 XY. 920, 2 c; 921, 1 a. 
 
 Carlsruhe observatory [karls'-roo-£h], XII. 846, 
 1 a. 
 
 Carnarvon , Lord , British secretary of state, 
 XYI. 859, 2 b. 
 
 Carpet Beetle, IY. 797, 798 (ills.); its origin, 
 1 b; description, 2 b, c, 798, 1 a, b; its time 
 of depredation, b, c, 2 a. Beetles’ food, a, 
 52 
 
 b; means of preventing its ravages, 799, 
 1 a, b. 
 
 Carrington , of Red Hill observatory, XY. 915, 
 
 1 c. 
 
 Carrington , Col., English soldier, attacked by 
 the Basutos, II. 805, 2 b, c. 
 
 Carson City, Nev., XII. 829, 2 a. 
 
 Cascara sagrada, medicinal bark, XIY. 888,1 a. 
 
 Casciatore [ka-she'-a-to-ra], director of the 
 Palermo observatory, XII. 846, 2 a. 
 
 Cassagnac, Paul de [kas-sa-nyak], refuses to 
 fight Dr. Clemenceau, IY. 818, 1 a. 
 
 Cassini [kas-se'-ne], astronomer, solar parallax, 
 XY. 905, 2 b. 
 
 Catalpa, tree, YII. 852, 1 a. 
 
 Catherina, archipelago, IY, 799. 
 
 Cattle Plague, IY. 799. Origin, 1 c; intro¬ 
 duced in the United States, 2 a; transmis¬ 
 sion of, 800,1 b; symptoms, c; cause, 2 ab ; 
 inoculation, b. 
 
 Cauchoix, telescope maker, XY. 914, 1 c. 
 
 Cavagnari, Major Louis, repulsed in the Khy- 
 ber Pass, I. 810, 1 c; negotiates a peace with 
 the ameer, 811, 1 be; knighted, 2 a, ab. 
 
 Cedar, tree, YII. 850, 2 be, 852, 2 a, 853, 
 
 2 a. 
 
 Cedar Creek, battle of, IY. 801; assault of 
 Early, 1 b; Sheridan’s return, c; Hayes at, 
 YIII. 839, 2 c, 840, 1 a. 
 
 Cedar Rapids , Iowa, IX. 848, 1 b. 
 
 Cellini , Benvmuto [chel'-le-ne], Italian artist, 
 XIY. 887, 1 b. 
 
 Celluloid, IY. 801. Pierson’s patent, 2 b; 
 McClelland’s, c; Seely’s and Streeter’s, 802,1 
 a ; Hyatt’s and Blake’s, b; Spill’s, c; prepara¬ 
 tion of the pyroxyline, 2 b; process of mak¬ 
 ing, 803, 1 b ; improvements in, be; Hyatt’s 
 new method, 2 a; manufacture, 804, 1 a; 
 uses, b; as a substitute for various materi¬ 
 als, c. 
 
 Census, United States, IY. 804. Manner of 
 taking, 2 a; published returns of, 805, 1 a; 
 total population, b; how composed, 2 a; 
 center of population, 2 b; table of states, 
 805; tables of territories and cities, 806; 
 tables of illiteracy and area of states and 
 territories, 807; tables of grain, cotton, and 
 sugar-cane, 808; table of rice production, 
 809, 1 a; tobacco, 2 a; all manufacturing 
 industries, 809; returns of leading industries, 
 810; table of cotton manufactures, 811, 1 a; 
 woollen, 811, 1 and 2 b; iron and steel, 1 c, 
 2 c; Bessemer and open-hearth steel, 812, 
 1 a; mines, 1 b, c, 2 a; oysters, 2 a. 
 
818 
 
 CERASKI 
 
 COAL 
 
 Ceraski, astronomer, XV. 895, 1 c, 2 a. 
 Cetewayo, king of the Zulus [ketchwayo], IV. 
 812; XVI. 859, 1 b, 2 a; as a warrior, 860. 
 1 c; capture of, 861, 2 b. 
 
 Challis, James, English astronomer, IV. 813, 
 1 a. 
 
 Chamberlain, I. A. D., discovers hiddenite, 
 
 VIII. 842, 1 b. 
 
 Chamberlain, Sir Neville, heads an unsuccess¬ 
 ful embassy to Shere Ali, I. 810, 1 c. 
 Chandler , Charles F. His experiments with 
 oleomargarine, XII. 851, 1 c. 
 
 Chandler , William E., American statesman, I. 
 840, 2 b. 
 
 Chandler, Zachariah, American senator, IV. 
 
 813. 
 
 Chard, Lieut., British soldier, XVI. 860, 2 c. 
 Charles , prince of Roumania, XIV. 892, 2 c. 
 Charleston , S. C., XV. 893, 2 b. 
 
 Charleston , W. V., XVI. 854, 2 a. 
 
 Charlotte , X. C., XII. 841, 1 a. 
 
 Chattanooga , Tenn., XV. 918, 1 b. 
 Chautauqua Assembly, IV. 813. 
 
 Chelmsford, Lieut.-Gen., Lord, English soldier, 
 XVI. 859, 2 b, 860, 1 a, b, 861, 1 a, b, 2 a. 
 Chel'sea, Mass., valuation of, XI. 880, 2 c; 
 population, 882, 1 b. 
 
 Chesney, Charles Cornwallis, English author, 
 IV. 813. 
 
 Chester, Pa., XIII. 861, 2 b. 
 
 Chicago , Ill., IX. 844, 1 a. Observatory at, 
 XII. 844, 2 a ; oleomargarine factory at, 852, 
 1 a; congregation of Overcomers at, 858, 2 
 b; observatory at, XV. 914, 1 b, 915, 1 c. 
 Child. Prof., of Harvard college. His lectures, 
 
 IX. 865, 2 a. 
 
 Chil'i, Peru, and Bolivia, the war between, 
 IV. 813; cause of, 2 c ; naval engagements, 
 
 814, 1; battles, 2 a; discontent in Peru, b ; 
 successes of the Chilians, c; comparative ef¬ 
 fectiveness of the armies, 815,1 a ; a confer¬ 
 ence meets, b ; battle of Chorrillos, c ; Lima 
 surrenders, 2 a; different governments in 
 Lima, 2 b; Peruvian successes, c; treaty 
 concluded, 816, 1 b. 
 
 Chillico'the, Ohio, XII. 848, 2 b. 
 
 China. Its attitude toward Corea, V. 812, 1 b, 
 813, 1 b, 814,1 a; allied with Corea against 
 Japan, 2a; its relations with Europe, 815, 2 
 b; mediates between Corea and Japan, 816, 
 1 a; treats with United States, Great Britain, 
 and Germany, c; great wall of, XIV. 897,1 a. 
 Chipp, Charles IF., American naval officer, I. 
 832, 1 c, 2 c. 
 
 Chirikoff, navigator, I. 817, 2 c, 819, 2 b. 
 Chloasma, or moth, skin disease, XV. 886, 2 b. 
 Chopin, Frederic Francois [shuh-pa ng ], Polish 
 pianist and composer, XVI. 855, 1 b. 
 Christia'nia observatory, XV. 896, 1 b, 915, 
 1 b. 
 
 Christian Union Churches of the West, IV. 
 816. 
 
 Chukchi, a people of Siberia, IV. 816 ; origin 
 of, 2 c; description of, 817, 1 a. 
 
 Church, Sanford Elias, American jurist, IV. 
 817. 
 
 Cincinnati, Ohio, observatory at, I. 809, 1 b, 
 c; XII. 844, 2 a; population of, 848, 2 b; 
 oleomargarine factory at, 852,1 a; XV. 914, 
 1 c. 
 
 Cinnamic acid, used in making indigo, IX. 846, 
 1 c. 
 
 Clark, Alvan, XII. 846, 1 b; XV. 908, 1 c, 
 913, 2 a, 914, 1 b, c, 915, 1 a, b, c. 
 
 Clark, Brig.-Gen., English soldier, II. 805, 2 c. 
 Clarke, John S., American comedian, IV. 817. 
 Clarkeville, Tenn., university at, XV. 917, 1 ab. 
 Clay, Frederick, English composer, VII. 865, 
 
 1 b, 2 a. 
 
 Clay, Henry, American statesman, V. 806, 2 b. 
 Clemenceau, Eugene [kla-ma ng -so], French 
 politician, IV. 817. 
 
 Clemens, Samuel Langhorne (Mark Twain), 
 American humorist, XIV. 886, 2 b. 
 
 Clement XI., pope, XII. 842, 2 a. 
 
 Cleopatra's needles, XII. 842, 2 be (ill.), 843, 
 844, 1 a. 
 
 Clarke, Charles, English navigator, I. 818, 1 a. 
 Cleveland, Grover, American lawyer, IV. 818. 
 Cleveland, Ohio, XII. 848, 2 b. 
 
 Cliff Dwellers, IV. 818, 819, 820 (ills.). 
 Their habitations discovered, 1 c; description 
 of their dwellings, 2 a; pottery of, 819, 1 c, 
 
 2 b; their round towers, 820, 1 c; remains 
 of a town, 2 a. 
 
 Clifford, Gen., British soldier, XVI. 861, 1 a. 
 Clifford , Nathan, American judge, VI. 814, 1 
 a, b, 815, 1 b. 
 
 Clifford, William Kingdon, English philoso¬ 
 pher, IV. 821. 
 
 Clinton, X. Y., prison at, XII. 834, 2 c; ob¬ 
 servatory at, 844, 2 a. 
 
 Cloisonne [klwa-zo ng -na], IV. 821, 822 (ills.); 
 process on metal, 821, 2 a; on porcelain, 822, 
 
 1 a; without foundation, 1 c; origin of, 2 a. 
 Coal, in Alaska, I. 817, 1 c; census returns on, 
 
 in 1880, IV. 812, 1 c; in Colorado, V. 802, 
 
 2 a, 804, 2 b; in Indiana, IX. 845, 2 b; in 
 
COGNIET 
 
 CORKEY 
 
 819 
 
 Iowa, 848, 1 a; in Maryland, XI. 878, 1 a; 
 in Michigan, 886, 1 c ; in Missouri, 894, 2 a; 
 in Ohio, XII. 846, 2 c; of Oregon, 853, 1 b; 
 in Pennsylvania, XIII. 860, 1 c; of Tennes¬ 
 see, XY. 916,1 c, 917,1 a; of Virginia, XYI. 
 849, 1 c; of Washington Territory, 851, 2 b ; 
 of West Virginia, 854, 1 a; of Wyoming 
 Territory, 857, 2 a, c. 
 
 Cogniet, Leon [kuh-nya], French painter, XI. 
 885, 2 b. 
 
 Cohn, German microscopist. Ilis discoveries of 
 bacteria, VII. 861, 1 b. Bacteria classed by 
 him as fungi, 2 c, 862, 2 a, 864, 1 b. 
 
 Cohoes , X. Y., XII. 835, 1 b. 
 
 Colchester , Vt., XVI. 848, 2 c. 
 
 Cole, Vicat, English painter, V. 801. 
 
 Coleman. His steam-beating scheme, XV. 898, 
 
 1 c. 
 
 Collyee, Robert, V. 801. 
 
 Coloeado, V. 801. Population, 1 c; industries 
 in, 2 b; mining, 802, 1 a; railroads, b; 
 coal fields, 2 a; cattle interest, be; bullion, 
 201, c, 202, c; value of property in, 803, 1 a; 
 ruins in, b; physical aspect, c; mountains, 
 2a; its mountain lakes, 804, 1 a; cations, b; 
 mineral resources, c; mining laws, 2 a; ge¬ 
 ology of, b; mineral springs of, 805, 1 a; 
 area, b ; rivers, ib. ; admitted to the Union, 
 c; Ute outbreak, 2b: see Cliff Dwellees, 
 IV. 818. Forests in, VII. 852, 2 b, c, 853, 
 
 1 b. 
 
 Colorado Springs, Colorado, V. 805, 2 c. 
 COLOE-HEAEING, V. 806. 
 
 Columbia , S. C., XV. 893, 2 b. 
 
 Columbus, Christopher. Letters of bis sons in 
 Lenox library, X. 860, 2 c. 
 
 Columbus , Ga. Its cotton factories, VII. 859, 
 
 2 c; population, 860, 2 b. 
 
 Columbus , Ohio, XII. 848, 2 b. 
 
 Colvin, Sydney, English author, V. 806. 
 Combs, Leslie, American lawyer, V. 806. 
 Comets, V. 806, 807 (ill.). Prof. Newton’s 
 
 theory, 2 b ; Encke’s investigations, 808,1 a; 
 Faye’s comet, ab; Von Asten on, 1 b; Win- 
 necke’s comet, 2 a; photography, b; great 
 comet of 1882, 809, 1 b; theories concern¬ 
 ing, 2 b. 
 
 Common, A. A., English astronomer. His pho¬ 
 tographs of nebula, XII. 827, 2 a; his re¬ 
 flector, XV. 913, 1 c; observatory, 914, 1 a. 
 Communism , in Russia, XII. 835, 2 c. 
 
 Comte, Auguste [ko ng t], French philosopher, 
 VIII. 839, 2 ab. 
 
 Concord , N. II., XII. 830, 1 a. 
 
 Conkling, Roscoe, American senator, V. 810; 
 his opposition to Garfield, VII. 856, 2 c. 
 
 Connecticut, V. 810; finances of, 2 b; rail¬ 
 roads, c; Storrs’s agricultural school, 811, 
 la; insane asylum, products, and popula¬ 
 tion, b. 
 
 Constable , John , English painter, X. 860, 2 c. 
 
 Constantine I. (the Great), emperor of Rome, 
 brings an obelisk from Heliopolis, XII. 842, 
 
 1 c. 
 
 Constantine , the brothers, founders of the 
 Panslavistic movement, XIII. 855, 2 c. 
 
 Constantinople , obelisk at, XII. 842, 2 b; con¬ 
 ference at, XIV. 892, 1 a; mosque of St. 
 Sophia at, 897, 1 a. 
 
 Conundrum , XIV. 880, 2 ab. 
 
 Coolc, Capt. James , English navigator, I. 818, 
 1 a. 
 
 Cook, Dutton, English author, V. 811. 
 
 Cook, Joseph, American lecturer, V. 811. 
 
 Cool, Prof., of the Johns Hopkins University, 
 IX. 866, 1 b. 
 
 Coole, telescope maker, XV. 914, lb, 915, 
 1 a, b, c. 
 
 Cooley, Prof , of the University of Michigan, 
 his lectures, IX. 865, 2 b. 
 
 Cooper, Col., observatory of, at Markree, Ire¬ 
 land, XII. 845, 1 c; XV. 914, 1 b. 
 
 Cootes, English pedestrian, XIII. 860, 1 a. 
 
 Copaiba, a substitute for, VIII. 838, 1 ab. 
 
 Copeland, on the nebulse, XII. 826, 2 c. 
 
 Copenhagen observatory, XII. 846, 1 c; XV. 
 914, 1 c. 
 
 Coplestone, Bishop, XII. 852, 2 b. 
 
 Copper, production in the United States, IV. 
 812, 1 c; in Michigan, XI. 886, 1 c, 889, 1 a; 
 in Missouri, 894, 2 ab; in Nevada, XII. 829, 
 
 1 a; of North Carolina, 839, 1 b; in Penn¬ 
 sylvania, XIII. 860, 1 c; of Tennessee, XV. 
 916, 1 c; of Vermont, XVI. 847, 2 b. 
 
 Cordoba, Argentine Republic, observatory at, 
 XV. 914, 1 c. 
 
 Coee'a, kingdom of Asia, V. 811; position, 
 area, and population of, 2 c; climate and 
 fauna, 812,1 a; government, b; social order, 
 
 2 a; women, b; characteristics of the Co- 
 reans, ib. ; religion of, c; history of, 813, 
 1 a; hostility toward Japan, 814, 1 b; 
 Chinese customs introduced, c; at war with 
 Japan, 2 a; with the Mantchus, c; Chris¬ 
 tianity in, 815,1 a ; hostility toward France 
 and America, 2 a; renewed difficulties with 
 Japan, 2 c. 
 
 Corley, W., pedestrian, XIII. 858, 1 c, 2 a. 
 
820 
 
 CORNEILLE 
 
 DAYAINE 
 
 Corneille, Pierre [kor-nay']. Polish transla¬ 
 tions of his plays, XI. 896, 1 a. 
 
 Cornu , on the velocity of light, XY. 906, 1 a. 
 
 Corona of the sun , XV. 905,1 c, 906, 2 b. 
 
 Corot, Jean Baptiste Camille [ko-ro], French 
 painter, Y. 816; XII. 857, 2 c. 
 
 Cotin, Charles , abbe [kuh-ta ng ], French writer, 
 XIY. 880, 2 b. 
 
 Cotton , crop of the United States, IV. 808; 
 manufactures, 811, 1 a; manufactures of 
 Delaware, Y. 827, 2 b; in Egypt, YI. 809, 
 
 1 a; of Florida, YII. 845, 2 ab; manufac¬ 
 tures of Georgia, 860, 1 a; of Kentucky, 
 IX. 869, 1 b; of Louisiana, X. 864, 1 c, 865, 
 
 2 b; of Mississippi, XI. 894, 1 b; of Mis¬ 
 souri, 2 a; of North Carolina, XII. 839, 1 b, 
 841, 1 a; of South Carolina, XY. 891, 2 be, 
 892, 2 c; mills, 893, 1 c; of Tennessee, 916, 
 1 c; of Texas, 918, 1 c, 919, 2 c, 920, 1 a. 
 
 Cotton Exposition at Atlanta: see Atlanta 
 Cotton Exposition. 
 
 Cottonwood , tree, YII. 853, 1 c. 
 
 Council Bluffs , Iowa, IX. 848, 1 b. 
 
 Courtney , oarsman, YIII. 838, 2 c. 
 
 Couture, Thomas [koo-tur], French painter, 
 XIY. 1 b. 
 
 Covington , Ky., IX. 870, 1 a. 
 
 Cranbrook, Gathorne Hardy, viscount, English 
 statesman, Y. 816. 
 
 Cranbrook, Lord , British secretary of state 
 for India, I. 810, 1 a. 
 
 Crealock, Maj.-Gen. George , British soldier, 
 XYI. 861, 1 a. 
 
 Cremation, Y. 816 ; origin of, 2 c ; arguments 
 for, 817, 1 a; furnace for, at Washington, c; 
 at Salt Lake City, 2c; in a chemist’s fur¬ 
 nace, 818, 1 a; in Europe, b; of Trelawny, 
 XY. 922, 2 c. 
 
 Crillon, Mt., Alaska, I. 814, 1 a. 
 
 Crittenden , Gov. of Missouri, XI. 894, 2 be. 
 
 Cropsey , J. F., landscape painter, YI. 831, 2 a. 
 
 Croquet [kro-ka], Y. 818. Implements, 2 a; 
 vocabulary, b; points and strokes, c (ill.), 
 819; rules, 1 a. 
 
 Cross , Prof. , of the Johns Hopkins University, 
 IX. 865, 2 c. 
 
 Crossley, Edward , observatory of, at Halifax, 
 XII. 845,1 c; on double stars, XY. 893, 2 b, 
 915, 1 a. 
 
 Cumberland , Md., XI. 879, 2 b. 
 
 Cumberland observatory, XY. 915, 1 a. 
 
 Curtius, Ernst [koor'-tse-oos], German archge¬ 
 ologist, I. 823, 1 a. 
 
 Cushing, William B., American naval officer, 
 
 Y. 820; takes first prize of the war, 1 b; 
 commands the Ellis, c; blows up the Albe¬ 
 marle, 2 a; made lieutenant commander, b. 
 
 Cushman, Charlotte, her advice to Mary An¬ 
 derson, I. 820, 2 b. 
 
 Custer, George Armstrong, American soldier, 
 Y. 820 ; at Manassas, 821,1 a; brevetted ma¬ 
 jor-general, b ; sent to the western frontier, c. 
 
 Cypress, tree, YII. 851, 1 ab. 
 
 Cyrus, king of Persia, XIY. 877, 2 b; palace 
 of, 896, 2 c. 
 
 Dagmar, princess of Denmark, wife of Alex¬ 
 ander III. of Russia, I. 819, 2 c. 
 
 Dahlgren, TJlric , American soldier, his raid 
 within the defences of Richmond, XIY. 
 889, 2 b. 
 
 Dakota, territory, Y. 821; area and popula¬ 
 tion, 2 a; wheat culture, b; mines, c; schools, 
 822, 1 a; finances and products, b; forests 
 in, YII. 852, 2 c. 
 
 D’Albertis, Luigi M. [d’ al-bair-tes], Italian 
 naturalist, Y. 822. 
 
 Dallas , Texas, XY. 920, 1 b. 
 
 Daly, Augustin, American manager, Y. 825, 
 2 b; XI. 899, 1 a. 
 
 Dana, Charles A., American journalist, XIY. 
 889, 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 Danbury, Conn., Y. 811, 1 c. 
 
 Dandruff, skin disease, XY. 882, 1 ab. 
 Danenhower, Lieut., American naval officer, I. 
 832, 2 c. 
 
 Danville, Ya., XYI. 850, 2 a. 
 
 Darby, John Nelson, Plymouth brother, Y. 
 822. 
 
 Darien , Lsthmus of, proposed canal across, IX. 
 849, 1 a, b, 851, 1 a. 
 
 Dark Days, Y. 822. Causes of, 2b; foggy 
 days, c; dry fog, 823, 1 b. Of 1782 and 
 1783, 2 a. Theories concerning, 824, 1 a. 
 Colored snow and rain, b. Dust showers, 
 2 a. Earthquakes in connection with, b. 
 Cosmic cause of, c. 
 
 D'Arrest, astronomer, on nebulae, XII. 826, 2 c. 
 Dartmouth college observatory, XY. 915,1 a. 
 Darwin, Charles Robert, English naturalist, 
 XI. 895, 2 c. 
 
 Darwin, G. PL., his theory about the moon, 
 XI. 898, 1 a; on tides, XII. 827, 2 c. 
 Daubigny, Charles Francois [do-be-nye], Y. 
 
 825. Karl Pierre, son of above, 1 b. 
 Davaine, his discoveries of bacteria, YII. 861, 
 
 1 b, c, 862, 2 b. 
 
DAVENPORT 
 
 DREYER 
 
 821 
 
 Dayenporx, Edward Loomis, American actor, 
 V. 825. Fanny Vining, wife of above, 2 a. 
 Fanny Lily Gipsy, daughter of above, 2 b. 
 Blanche , daughter of Edward, c. Lily , 
 daughter of Edward, c. May, daughter of 
 Edward, 826, 1 a. Edgar Longfellow, son 
 of Edward, ib. Henry George Bryant, son 
 of Edward, ib. 
 
 Davenport, Iowa, IX. 848, 1 b. 
 
 David, Ferdinand [da'-vit], German musician, 
 XVI. 855, 1 b. 
 
 Davis , J. C., American soldier, at Bentonville, 
 II. 808, 1 c. 
 
 Davis, Rebecca Harding, American author, V. 
 826. 
 
 Davis collection of stone implements, XII. 825, 
 2 a. 
 
 Davy, Sir Humphry, English chemist, his 
 electric light, VI. 817, 2 b. On liquefaction 
 of gases, X. 861, 2 b, 862, 1 c. 
 
 Dayton, Ohio, XII. 848, 2 b. 
 
 Dayton, Wash. Ter., XVI. 851, 1 b. 
 
 Daza, president of Bolivia, IV. 813, 2 c. De¬ 
 posed, 814, 2 b. 
 
 Dearborn observatory, XII. 844, 2 a. 
 
 Death Valley, V. 826; position of, 1 c ; as¬ 
 pect of, 2 a; depression of, b. 
 
 Decalcomanie [da-cal-co-ma-ne], V. 826. 
 
 Defreggek, Franz, German painter, V. 827. 
 
 De Haas, William Frederick, American paint¬ 
 er, V. 827. Maurice Frederick, American 
 painter, brother of preceding, 1 c. 
 
 Delacour [dfih-la-coor], French dramatist, X. 
 855, 2 c. 
 
 Delacroix, Ferdinand Victor Eugene [duh-la- 
 krwa], French painter, XII. 828, 2 b. 
 
 Delaroche, Paul [duh-la-rush], French painter, 
 X. 861, 1 a. 
 
 Delaunay, Charles Eugene [duh-lo-na], French 
 astronomer, his lunar theory, XI. 898, 2 
 ab, c. 
 
 Delaware, V. 827. Population, 2 a. Prod¬ 
 ucts and industries, b. Schools and finances, 
 c. Government, 828, 1 a. 
 
 De Long, George Washington, American ex¬ 
 plorer, V. 828. Commands the Jeannette, 
 I. 832, 1 c. Lands at the mouth of the 
 Lena, 2 b. His body found, 833, 1 a. 
 
 Deltas, formation of, IX. 857, 1 a. 
 
 Dembowski, of the Florence observatory, XV. 
 915, 1 b. 
 
 De Mille, James, Canadian author, V. 828, 2 a. 
 
 De Morgan. Collection of prehistoric imple¬ 
 ments, XII. 825, 1 c. 
 
 Denning, astronomer, XIII. 865, 1 ab. On 
 Venus, XVI. 847, 2 a. 
 
 Denver, Col., V. 805, 2 c. 
 
 Derby, Lord [dar'-be], British statesman, XIV. 
 892, 1 c. 
 
 Derby, Conn., V. 811, 1 c. 
 
 Dervish Pasha, Turkish commissioner, VI. 
 811, 1 b. 
 
 Deshneff, Simeon, Cossack explorer, I. 817, 2 b. 
 
 Des Moines, Iowa, IX. 848, 1 b. 
 
 Detaille, Jean Baptiste Edouard [dfih-ta-y'J, 
 French painter, VI. 801. 
 
 Detroit, Mich., XI. 890, 2 b. 
 
 Diana, temple of, at Ephesus, XIV. 896, 2 c. 
 
 Diaphoretic, IX. 853, 2 b. 
 
 Diaz de la PeSa, Virgile Narcisse, French 
 painter, VI. 801; V. 816, 2 a. 
 
 Dickinson, Daniel Stevens, American lawyer, 
 VI. 801. 
 
 Diebitsch, Hans Karl Friedrich Anton [de r - 
 bitch], Russian general, X. 853, 2 c. 
 
 Diman, Prof, of Brown university, his lec¬ 
 tures, IX. 865, 2 a. 
 
 Diodorus, ancient historian, on obelisks, XII. 
 842, 1 a. 
 
 Disraeli, Benjamin [diz-ra'-le], Earl Beacons- 
 field, V. 816, 2 b. On the San Stefani trea¬ 
 ty, XIV. 894, 1 a. 
 
 Dixon, English engineer, XII. 842, 2 c. 
 
 Doberck, IF., director of Col. Cooper’s obser¬ 
 vatory, XII. 845, 1 c; XV. 894, 2 a. 
 
 Dobson, Austin, English poet, VI. 801. 
 
 Dodge, Mary Abigail, American authoress, 
 VI. 802. 
 
 Dolbear, A. E his telephone, XV. 909, 2 b. 
 
 Dolgorukoff, chief of the Russian secret police, 
 XV. 879,1 b. 
 
 Dollond, telescope maker, XV. 915, 1 b, c. 
 
 Donald, Gen., occupies Candahar, I. 811,1 ab. 
 
 Dorpat observatory, XV. 896, 1 b, 915, 1 a. 
 
 Dover, Del., V. 828, 1 a. 
 
 Dover, N. H., XII. 830, 1 a. 
 
 Dragomonoff, nihilist, XII. 838, 2 c. 
 
 Draper, Henry, chemist and physiologist, his 
 photographs of nebulee, XII. 827,1 c; XIII. 
 865, 1 b. Photographs of star spectra, XV. 
 895, 2 a. Oxygen in the sun, 905, 1 b. 
 Photographs of nebula), 913, 2 a. His ob¬ 
 servatory, 914, 1 a, c. 
 
 Dredge boat, used in the Mississippi channel, 
 IX. 864, 1 a. 
 
 Drenteln, Gen., director of the Russian secret 
 police, XII. 838, 1 ab. 
 
 Dreyer, J. L. E., astronomer, XII. 826, 2 c. 
 
822 
 
 DROPSY 
 
 ELECTORAL COMMISSION 
 
 Director of Lord Rosse’s observatory, 845, 
 2 ab. 
 
 Dropsy alleviated by jaborandi , IX. 853, 2 c. 
 Druidical temple at Stonehenge , XIY. 897, 1 a. 
 Dubiago , astronomer, XY. 894, 2 a. 
 
 Duboscq [dti-bosk], his electric lamp, VI. 818, 
 2 a. 
 
 Dubuque, Iowa, IX. 848, 1 b. 
 
 Duclerc [dii-clair], French statesman, YI. 812, 
 1 a. 
 
 Dudley observatory at Albany, N. Y., XII. 
 
 844, 2 b ; XV. 914, 1 c. 
 
 Dun Echt observatory, XII. 845, 2 a; XY. 
 
 893, 2 c, 914, 1 b, 915, 1 c. 
 
 Duner , Swedish astronomer, XY. 893, 2 b. 
 Dunsink observatory at Dublin, XII. 845, 1 b; 
 XV. 914, 1 c. 
 
 Dupee, Jules [dii-pra], French painter, YI. 802. 
 Dueand, Alice (Fleury) [dii-ra ng ], French novel¬ 
 ist, YI. 802; nom de plume, Henry Gr6ville. 
 
 Durham university, observatory of, XY. 915, 
 
 1 c. 
 
 Dumford, Col., British soldier, XYI. 860, 1 b, 
 
 2 b. 
 
 Duru [dii-ru], French dramatist, X. 855, 2 a. 
 Dust, oceanic showers of, Y. 824, 2 a. 
 
 Dwight, John S., XIY. 889, 1 c. 
 
 Eads, James Buchanan, American engineer, 
 YI. 802. On the Mississippi, 2 a; designs a 
 squadron of iron-clads, c; his steel-arched 
 bridge, 803, 1 a; deepens the mouth of the 
 Mississippi, 2 a; jetty system, b; essays and 
 lectures on jetties, 804, 1 c; his plan to im¬ 
 prove the Ohio, 2 a; his project for a ship 
 railway across the Isthmus of Panama, b : 
 see Jetties, IX. 855. 
 
 Early, Jubal A., Confederate general at Cedar 
 Creek, IY. 801. 
 
 Earth planet, its distance from the sun, XIII. 
 862, 2 c. 
 
 Eastman, Prof., on the sun’s eclipse, XY. 906, 
 2 c. 
 
 Easton, Pa., XIII. 861, 2 b. 
 
 East Portland, Oregon, XII. 854, 1 a. 
 
 East Rivee Beidges. One connecting New 
 York and Brooklyn, YI. 804; its towers, 2 
 c; its cables, 805,1 b ; the saddles, c; anchor 
 plates, 2 a; approaches, b; roadway, c; 
 protected from swaying, 806, 1 a; length of, 
 b; cars on, c; cost of, 2 a; panic on, b. 
 One connecting New York, Blackwell’s, and 
 Long Island, 806, 2 b. 
 
 East Saginaw, Mich., XI. 890, 2 b. 
 
 Eau Claire [o-clare], Wis., XYI. 856, 2 c. 
 
 Eclipses of the sun, XIII. 863, 2 b; XY. 906, 
 2 b. 
 
 Ecthyma, skin disease, XY. 885, 2 b, c. 
 
 Eczema, skin disease, XY. 880, 1 b; margina¬ 
 tum, 881, 1 a, 884, 1 c. 
 
 Edinburgh, duchess of [ed'-in-bur-ruh], nar¬ 
 row escape of, XII. 838, 2 b ; only daughter 
 of Alexander II., XY. 879, 1 c. 
 
 Edinburgh, Prince Alfred, duke of, XY. 879, 
 
 1 c. 
 
 Edinburgh, Scotland, Royal observatory at, 
 XII. 845, 1 b. 
 
 Edison, Thomas Alva, American inventor, YI. 
 806. As telegraph operator, 807, 1 a. In¬ 
 vents printing telegraph for gold and stock 
 quotations, b; at Menlo Park, c; his pat¬ 
 ents, 2 a; multiplex telegraphy, c ; his elec¬ 
 tric light, 808, 1 a; his incandescent light, 
 823, 2 b; his electric machine, 825, 1 c (ill.), 
 826; reports on his lamp, 2 c, 827, 828,1 a; 
 his plant, 2 a; his megaphone, XI. 886, 1 a; 
 his microphone, 890, 2 b; his microtasime- 
 ter, 891, 1 b; his telephone, XY. 909, 2 b, 
 911, 2 a. 
 
 Edmunds, George Franklin, American senator, 
 YI. 808; of the electoral commission, 813, 
 
 2 c, 814, 1 a, 815, 1 b. 
 
 Edward, Garrett, pseudonyme: see Mayo, 
 Isabella, XI, 885. 
 
 Edwards, Ernest, English inventor, his helio¬ 
 type process, VIII. 840, 2 c. 
 
 Edwaeds, Henry Sutherland, English author, 
 YI. 808. 
 
 Egypt, YI. 808. Ismail Pasha ascends the 
 throne, 809, 1 a; debt of, b; its proposed 
 annexation by Great Britain, c; financial 
 problem, 2 a; foreigners conduct govern¬ 
 ment, c; disaffection in, 810, 1 ab; rebellion 
 in, c; British and French interference, 811, 
 1 a; conference at Therapia, c; English 
 bombard Alexandria, 2 a; fortification of 
 Alexandria, 812, 1 b; insurgents led by 
 Arabi Pasha, c; English in possession, 813, 
 
 1 b; discovery of antiques in, I. 821, 2 b, 
 c; ostrich farming in, XII. 854, 1 b; pyra¬ 
 mids of, XIY. 896, 2 c. 
 
 Eichens , telescope maker, XY. 914, 1 a, 915, 
 
 1 a. 
 
 Electoeal Commission, YI. 813; created to 
 decide the election of 1876, 2 a; bow com¬ 
 posed, c; unusual powers of returning board 
 in Louisiana, 814, 1 c; colored vote, 1 a; in 
 
ELECTRICAL ENERGY 
 
 FALK 
 
 823 
 
 Oregon, b; question for the decision of, c; 
 decision of, 815, 1 b. 
 
 Electrical Energy, storage of, YI. 815; vol¬ 
 taic cell, 1 c; polarization of the electrodes, 
 
 2 a; Faure’s improvement, 816, 1 a; Sut¬ 
 ton’s battery, b; cells, 2 b ; table of electri¬ 
 cal capacity and price of cells, 817, 1 a. 
 
 Electric Light, YI. 817; principle of, 1 b; 
 voltaic arc, 2 b; two classes of carbon-point 
 lights, c; regulators (ill.), 818, 1; Duboscq 
 lamp, 2 a; modern arc lamps, b; Brush 
 lamp (ills.), 819, 2, 820, 1; lamps without 
 mechanism, c; Jamin’s candle (ill.), 820, 2, 
 821, 1 a; Rapieff’s lamp (ill.), b; sun-lamp 
 (ills.), 2; arc-incandescent, 822, 1 a; Rey- 
 nier’s lamp (ill.), b; carbons, 828, 1 a; in¬ 
 candescence, c; Edison's, 2 b; Maxim’s, c; 
 current generators, 824, 1 b; divisions of 
 continuous current machines, 2 a; ring arma¬ 
 tures, ib .; Gramme machine (ills.), ib., 1 and 
 2 be; Brush machine, 1 c (ills.), 825 ; drum 
 armatures, 1 c; pole armatures, 2 b; disk 
 armatures, c; alternating current machines, 
 826, 1 a; efficiency of machines and lamps, 
 
 2 a; table showing efficiency, 827; electric 
 plants (diagram), 828, 1 b; works on, 829, 
 
 1 b. 
 
 Electric pen, YI. 807, 2 a. 
 
 Elevated Railroad, YI. 829 (ills.), 831, 832 ; 
 necessity for, in New York, 829, 1 b; vari¬ 
 ous proposed substitutes for, 2 a, b; in 
 Greenwich St., begun, c ; Dr. Gilbert’s plan, 
 830, 1 a; opposition to, c; foundations of, 
 
 2 b; girders, 831, 1 a; engines and cars, c; 
 stations, 2 a; cost of Metropolitan, ib. ; cost 
 of New York, c; profits of, 832, 1 a, 2 a; 
 principle of the structure of New York Ele¬ 
 vated road, 2 a; height of, 2 c; curves in, 
 833, 1 b ; course of, c ; consolidation of all, 
 2 a; extension of, b; rate of speed, 834,1 a; 
 total length, ab; number of stations and 
 finances, b ; in Brooklyn, 2 a. 
 
 Elizabeth , N. J., XII. 832, 1 a. 
 
 Ellery, R. J. A., director of the Melbourne ob¬ 
 servatory, XII. 845, 2 b; XY. 914, 1 a. 
 Elliott, H. W., on seal fishery, I. 816, 2 ab. 
 Elliott, Prof., of the Johns Hopkins University, 
 his lectures, IX. 865, 2 c. 
 
 Ellis , English astronomer, on magnetic obser¬ 
 vations, XY. 904, 1 b. 
 
 Ellsler, theatrical manager, XI. 899, 1 a. 
 
 Elm , tree, YII. 850, 2 b. 
 
 Elmira , N. Y., XII. 835, 1 b. 
 
 Elphinstone, Gen ., I. 811, 1 b. 
 
 Emeralds , YIII. 842, 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 Emerson , Ralph Waldo , XIY. 889, 1 b. 
 
 Encke, Johann Franz [enk'-k&h], German 
 astronomer, Y. 808, 1- a, 2 c. Parallax of 
 the sun, XY. 905, 2 b. 
 
 Engelmann, George, American botanist, YI. 
 834. 
 
 Engines, Solar (ill.), YI. 835. Mouchot’s in¬ 
 vention, 1 a; Pifre’s improvement, c; ex¬ 
 periments with, 2 c. 
 
 Enigma , XIY. 882, 2 c. 
 
 Ennis , John , pedestrian, XIII. 858, 2 a. 
 Ensilage, YI. 836 ; process of preserving, la; 
 amount of ash produced, c ; loss of food-ele¬ 
 ments in, c, 2 a; as food, b; silos, be (ill.), 
 837. 
 
 Eph'esus , temple of Diana at, XIY. 896, 2 c. 
 Epilepsy , sumbul given for, XY. 903, 1 b. 
 Epithelioma , skin disease, XY. 880, 1 b, 889, 
 
 1 c, 890, 1 a. 
 
 Erck, observatory of, XY. 915, 1 b. 
 
 Ericsson , John , Swedish engineer and physi¬ 
 cist. On the moon, XI. 898, 2 ab. 
 
 Erie, Pa., XIII. 861, 2 ab. 
 
 Ernst, Mensen , pedestrian, XIII. 857, 2 b. 
 Esquimaux [es'-ke-moze], IY. 816, 2 b, c, 817, 
 
 1 a, b. 
 
 Esty, of Amherst college, XY. 915, 1 b. 
 
 Eureka , Nev., XII. 829, 2 a. 
 
 Evansville , Ind., IX. 846, 1 b. 
 
 Evarts , William if., American lawyer, I. 839, 
 
 2 b; member of the electoral commission, 
 YI. 814, 1 b. 
 
 Evergreen bay , tree, YII. 851, 1 ab. 
 
 Exposition of cotton at Atlanta: see Atlanta 
 Cotton Exposition. 
 
 Exsudationes: see Exudative Affections. 
 Exudative or inflammatory affections , skin dis¬ 
 ease, XY. 880, 2 a, b, 883, 1 a. 
 
 Eyries , Gustave [a-re-a], French writer, XY. 
 879, 2 c. 
 
 Fadeyeff, Russian panslavist, XIII. 856, 2 a. 
 Faed, John [faid], Scotch painter, YII. 839. 
 
 Thomas , Scotch painter, ib. 
 
 Faik , pasha, in the Russo-Turkish war, XIY . 
 893, 1 c. 
 
 Fairweather , iff, Alaska, I. 814, 1 a. 
 Faithfttll, Emily, English philanthropist, YII. 
 839. 
 
 Falk, Dr. [falk], Prussian clergyman, prepares 
 the Falk Laws, YII. 839, 2 b, 840, 1 c; de¬ 
 fines the limits of ecclesiastical authority, 2 b. 
 
82L 
 
 FALK LAWS 
 
 FORESTS 
 
 Falk Laws, Prussian legislative measures, VII. 
 839 ; question of education in Catholic prov¬ 
 inces, 2 b; infallibility, 840, 1 a; public 
 education transferred to the state, c; laws 
 against Romanists, 2 a; defining the limit of 
 ecclesiastical authority, 2 b; bishops’ oppo¬ 
 sition to, 841, 1 a. 
 
 Fall River , Mass., valuation of, XI. 880, 2 c; 
 population, 882, 1 b. 
 
 Faraday , Michael , English chemist, his inves¬ 
 tigation of the polarization of the electrode, 
 
 VI. 815, 2 ab; he discovers electro-magnetic 
 induction, 824, 1 b; his experiments with 
 gases, X. 861, 2 b, 863, 1 a. 
 
 Farjeon, Benjamin Leopold, English novelist, 
 
 VII. 841. 
 
 Farlow , Prof , of Harvard, IX. 865, 2 c. 
 Farrar, Frederick William, English clergyman, 
 VII. 841. 
 
 Fasting, VII. 842. Prolonged abstinence of 
 monks, saints, etc., 1 be; cases of accidental 
 fasting, 2 ab; case of Calvin Morgan, b; 
 Ann Moore, c; Tanner, 843, 1 a; average 
 duration of life without food, be ; of Indian 
 fakirs, 2 a; consumption of fat during, b; 
 death from, c ; various reasons for, 844,1 a; 
 Tanner’s experience, b; works on, 2 c. 
 Faure, Camille A. [fore], French electrician, 
 VI. 816, 1 a, 2 a. 
 
 Faye, astronomer, comet of, V. 808,1 ab, 2 ab. 
 Federmeyer, Leon P, pedestrian, XIII. 860, 
 
 1 a. 
 
 Ferment diseases , VII. 861. 
 
 Ferreol, Jean Joseph [fair-yol], missionary to 
 Corea, V. 815, 1 b. 
 
 Festungsspiel [fes-toongs-speel], fortress game, 
 X. 855, 1 b. 
 
 Fibroma , skin disease, XV. 889, 1 ab. 
 
 Field, Cyrus IK, president of Hew York Ele¬ 
 vated Railroad Co., VI. 831, 2 c. 
 
 Field, Stephen J., American judge, VI. 814, 1 
 a, 815, 1 b. 
 
 Fir, tree, yellow fir, VII. 852, 2 a, 853, 2 a. 
 Fischer, Ernst Kuno Berthold, philosopher, XI. 
 873, 1 b. 
 
 Fish, spawn of, conveyed by storms, V. 824, 
 
 2 a; fishing industry of Maine, X. 874, 2 b ; 
 of Maryland, XI. 878,1 a; of Massachusetts, 
 879, 2 c; of Hew Jersey, XII. 830,1 a, 831, 
 
 2 c; of North Carolina, 839, 1 b, 840, 2 c; 
 of Oregon, 853,1 b ; of South Carolina, XV. 
 893, 1 c; of Virginia, XVI. 849, 1 c. 
 
 Fish, B. M., of the Hamburg (N. Y.) observa¬ 
 tory, XV. 915,1 b. 
 
 Fish, Hamilton, American lawyer, XIV. 894 
 2 b. 
 
 Fisher, Major Hawkins, English archer, I. 824, 
 1 b, 825, 1 c ; on strength of bows, 830, 2 a. 
 Fish-skin, disease, XV. 887, 1 c. 
 
 Fitch, Asa, American entomologist, VII. 845. 
 Fitz, telescope-maker, XV. 914, 1 c, 915, 1 a, 
 b, c. 
 
 Fitzgerald, Percy Iletherington, British au¬ 
 thor, VII. 845. 
 
 Fizogonoff, nihilist, XII. 838, 1 b. 
 
 Flammarion, French astronomer, XV. 893, 2 
 b, 894, 2 a. 
 
 Flandrin, Jean Hippolyte [fla ng -dra ng ], French 
 painter, XIV, 886, 2 b. 
 
 Flax, of Minnesota, XI. 893, 2 c. 
 
 Fletcher , of the Cumberland observatory, XV. 
 915, 1 a. 
 
 Florence, Italy, observatory at, XV. 914, 1 c, 
 915, 1 b. 
 
 Florida, VII. 845; population, 2 a; products, 
 b; finances, c; education, 846, 1 a; chari¬ 
 ties and correction, b; Lake Okechobee 
 Land Co., c; canals in, 2 a; railroads, b; 
 forests of, 849, 1 c, 2 a; turpentine interest, 
 851, 1 c; variety of trees, 2 b, 852, 1 a. 
 Fluegen, Theodore, chemist, X. 859, 2 a. 
 
 Fogs, notable instances of, V. 822, 2 c. 
 
 Folger , Charles J., American statesman, I. 840, 
 2 ab ; IV. 818, 1 c. 
 
 Fond du Lac , Wis., XVI. 856, 2 c. 
 
 Fontana, Domenico [fone-ta'-na], Roman archi¬ 
 tect, XII. 842, 1 b, c. 
 
 Foot, Solomon, American senator, VI. 808, 2 b. 
 Forbes, Archibald, British journalist, VII. 
 847. 
 
 Ford, Horace A ., English archer, I. 823, 2 c; 
 his score, 824, 1 b; his experiments with 
 bows, 829, 2 c; on the danger of using too 
 strong bows, 830, 2 a; his book on archery, 
 831, 1 c. 
 
 Forests, North American, VII. 847; their 
 value in equalizing the flow of springs and 
 rivers, 1 c; in equalizing climate, 2 a; 
 American forests compared with those of 
 Europe and Asia, c; great variety of trees 
 in eastern North America, 848, 1 b; similar 
 conditions in eastern Asia, c; explanation 
 of the lack of variety in Europe, 2 a ; Atlan¬ 
 tic and Pacific regions of forests, 849, 1 a; 
 richness of the former, poverty of the latter, 
 in species, b ; table giving a comparison of 
 the genera in both, 2 a ; comparative wealth 
 of the various forest regions, 850, a; spruce, 
 
FORSTER 
 
 GENTH 
 
 825 
 
 1 b; larch, balsam, aspen, canoe birch, and 
 balsam fir, be; gray pine, black ash, and 
 yellow birch, c; variety in the northeastern 
 region, 2 b ; spruce and pine, c; economic 
 value of the pine, 851,1 a; live oak, c ; tree¬ 
 less region, 2 a ; rich forests of the southern 
 Atlantic region, b ; deciduous forests, c; Pa¬ 
 cific region, 852,1 b ; cedar and yellow fir, 2 
 a; yellow pine and arbor-vitaa, c; hemlock 
 and larch, 853, 1 a; pine, ib. ; Californian 
 forests, c; sugar-pine, 2 a; cedar, ab; red 
 wood, b ; great tree, c; mesquit, 854, 1 a ; 
 palm, b ; giant cactus, c. 
 
 Forster , IF., director of the Berlin observa¬ 
 tory, XII. 845, 2 c; XV. 915, 1 a. 
 
 Fortuny, Mariano, Spanish painter, VII. 854. 
 
 Fort Wayne, Ind., IX. 846, 1 b. 
 
 Fort Worth, Texas, XV. 920, 1 b. 
 
 Fossett, Frank, his estimate of production of 
 bullion in Colorado, V. 802, 2 c. 
 
 Foucault [foo-ko], his electric light, VI. 817, 2 
 c, 818, 1; his carbon, 823, 1 ab; on the 
 velocity of light, XV. 906, 1 a; telescope, 
 914, 1 a. 
 
 Fountain Cave , XII. 832, 1 a, b. 
 
 Fox Islands , Alaska, I. 818, 2 c. 
 
 Francis, Joseph, American inventor, VII. 854 ; 
 builds boats for the New York Boat Club, 
 
 2 b ; his portable boat, c; life-boats, 855, 1 a. 
 
 Francisco, de Asis, titular king of Spain, I. 
 
 820, 2 a. 
 
 Frankfort , Ky., IX. 870, 1 a. 
 
 Franklin, Benjamin, American philosopher 
 and statesman, his theory concerning the 
 mist of 1783, V. 824, 1 a, 2 c. 
 
 Franklin , Sir John , English naval officer, rel¬ 
 ics of, I. 834, 1 c. 
 
 Fraunhofer [frown'-ho-fer], telescope maker, 
 XV. 915, 1 a, b, c. 
 
 Freckles, XV. 886, 2 b. 
 
 Frederick, Md., XI. 879, 2 b. 
 
 Frederick Charles Nicholas , prince of Prussia, 
 XIV. 890, 1 ab. 
 
 Frederick William IV., king of Prussia, XIV. 
 890, 1 b. 
 
 Fredericksburg, Va., XVI. 850, 2 a. 
 
 Frelinghuysen, Fred. T., American statesman, 
 I. 840, 2 b ; one of the electoral commission¬ 
 ers, VI. 814, 1 a, 815, 1 b. 
 
 Frere, Sir Bartle [freer], British high commis¬ 
 sioner in Natal, XVI. 859, 1 c, 2 a, c. 
 
 Freycinet, Charles Louis de Saulces de [fra- 
 se-na], French statesman, VII. 855. On the 
 Eastern question, VI. 810, 2 c, 812, 1 a. 
 
 Friction, XI. 882, 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 Froude, James Anthony [frood], English histo¬ 
 rian, sister of, XI. 876,1 b. 
 
 Fryer Hill, Leadville, view, X. 858, 859, 1 
 
 b, c. 
 
 Fuller, Margaret, XIV. 889, 1 be. 
 
 Fungi, bacteria as, VII. 861, 2 c. 
 
 Fdrnival, Frederick James, English philolo¬ 
 gist, VII. 855. 
 
 Fur trade, of Alaska, I. 816, 2 a, b, c. 
 
 Fusion Disk, a circular saw, VII. 856. 
 
 Gail Hamilton , pseudonyme, VI. 802, 1 ab. 
 Gainsborough, Thomas, English painter, X. 860, 
 2 c. 
 
 Gale, William, English painter, VII. 855. 
 Gale, William, pedestrian, XIII. 857, 2 a. 
 Galesburg, Ill., IX. 844, 1 a. 
 
 Galveston, Texas, medical college at, XV. 919, 
 1 b. Its exports, 920,1 a. Its population, b. 
 Gambetta, Leon [ga ng -bet-ta], French states¬ 
 man, on the Egyptian question, VI. 810, 2 b, 
 c; advances Freycinet, VII. 855, 1 c, 2 a. 
 Gansevoort, Col. [gan'-ze-vort], American revo¬ 
 lutionary soldier, VIII. 841, 1 c. 
 
 Gareloi, one of the Aleutian islands, I. 818, 2 
 
 c. Volcano, 819, 1 b. 
 
 Garfield, James Abram, president of the 
 United States, VII. 856. Graduated from 
 Williams college, 1 c. In the army, 2 a. 
 Member of congress, ab. Elected president, 
 b. His appointments, c. Shot, 857, 1 a. 
 Carried to Long Branch, b. Autopsy, ib. 
 Subscription for his widow and children, 2 
 a. Member of the electoral commission, VI. 
 814, 1 a, 815, 1 b. 
 
 Garret, Edward, pseudonyme for Mayo, Isa¬ 
 bella : which see XI. 885. 
 
 Gasparis, M. de, director of the Naples obser¬ 
 vatory, XII. 846, 2 b. 
 
 Gas-works, in United States, IV. 809, 1 c. 
 Gautier, Theophile [go-tya], French author. 
 Baudelaire’s admiration for and study of, II. 
 806, 1 b, c. 
 
 Gay. I. Sydney Howard, American historian, 
 VII. 857. II. Winckworth Allan, Ameri¬ 
 can painter, ib. 
 
 Geikie, Archibald, Scotch geologist, VII. 857. 
 Geikie, Cunningham, English clergyman, VII. 
 858. 
 
 Genghis Khan [jen'-ghis], conqueror, V. 814, 
 1 b. 
 
 Genth observatory, XV. 915, 1 c. 
 
826 
 
 GEORGIA 
 
 GRAIN 
 
 Georgia. Population and product, VII. 858, 
 1 c; finances, 2 a; railroads, 859, 1 b; 
 schools, be ; cotton manufactures, 2 c ; fer¬ 
 tilizers, 860, 1 b; other industries, c; ex¬ 
 ports and population of cities, 2 b; forests 
 in, 850, 2 c, 851, 2 c. 
 
 Germ Theory of Disease, VII. 860; its ac¬ 
 ceptance in the 17th century, 2 be; Henle’s 
 theory, c; Pasteur’s experiments, 861, 1 a; 
 infectious diseases, 2 a; cure for tuberculo¬ 
 sis, b ; bacteria, c; Koch’s experiments, 862, 
 
 1 ab; Klein’s experiments, c; observations 
 in relapsing fever, 2 a; investigation of diph¬ 
 theria, c; septicaemia, 863, 1 a; method of 
 preventing blood-poisoning, b; Koch’s study 
 of septicaemia, 2 a; Pasteur’s experiments 
 in malignant pustule, 864, 1 a; Klebs’s ex¬ 
 periments in Roman fever, c ; arguments in 
 opposition to, 2 a ; works on, b. 
 
 Gerster, Etelka, Hungarian singer, VII. 864. 
 
 Gilbert, Rufus H., American physician. His 
 plan for an elevated railroad, VI. 830, 1 a. 
 
 Gilbert, William Schwenck, English drama¬ 
 tist, VII. 864. 
 
 Gilchrist , inventor. His process of purifying 
 steel, XV. 899, 2 a. 
 
 Gildersleeve, Prof , of the Johns Hopkins Uni¬ 
 versity, IX. 865, 2 c. 
 
 Gill, David , astronomer. His observations at 
 Mauritius, XII. 845, 2 a, b; on the parallax 
 of the sun, XV. 905, 2 c. 
 
 Gill, Edmund, English landscape painter, VII. 
 865. 
 
 Gille [zhely'], French dramatist, X. 855, 2 c. 
 
 Gilman, Daniel C., president of the Johns 
 Hopkins University, IX, 864, 2 b. 
 
 Gillmore, Quincy Adams, American soldier and 
 engineer, ascertains the elevation of Florida 
 lakes, VII. 846, 1 c. 
 
 Glaciers, of Alaska, I. 814, 1 b. 
 
 Glaize. I. Auguste Barthelemy, French paint¬ 
 er, VII. 865. II. Pierre Paul L6on, ib. 
 
 Glandular affections, skin disease, XV. 880, 
 
 2 a, 882, 1 a. 
 
 Glasgow, Mo. (glas'-go], observatory at, XII. 
 
 844, 2 a, XV. 914, 1 c. 
 
 Glasgow, Scotland, observatory at, XII. 845, 1 
 b; XV. 915, 1 a. 
 
 Gledliill, J., of Crossley’s observatory, XII. 
 
 845, 2 a; on double stars, XV. 893, 2 b. 
 
 Gleyre, Charles Gabriel [glare], French paint¬ 
 er, VIII. 833; XV. 920, 1 b; XVI. 854, 2 b. 
 
 Gloucester, Mass, [glos'-ter], valuation of, XI. 
 880, 2 c; population, 882, 1 b. 
 
 Glucose, granular sugar, VIII. 833; descrip¬ 
 tion of, 1 c ; process, 2b; its uses, 834,1 b; 
 as honey, c ; as food, 2 a. 
 
 Glyn, Col., British soldier, XVI. 860, 1 b, 2 
 
 cLj C« 
 
 Go'a Powdes, VIII. 834. 
 
 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von [go'-tSh], a friend 
 of Guest, VIII, 837, 2 be; Polish transla¬ 
 tion of his plays, XI, 896, 1 a. 
 
 Goffart, Auguste, his improvement in silos, 
 VI. 836, 2 c. 
 
 Gold, in Alaska, I. 814, 2 a, 817, 1 b, c; its 
 relative value to silver, II. 810, 2 c; in Cali¬ 
 fornia, III. 807, 2 b. Census returns, 1880, 
 IV. 812, 1 b. Colorado product, V. 802, 
 804, 2 a; in Dakota, 822, 1 b; in Leadville, 
 X. 858, 1 c; of Montana, XI. 892, 2 c; in 
 Nevada, XII. 829, 1 a; of New Mexico, 832, 
 2 b; of North Carolina, 839,1 b; of Oregon, 
 853, 1 b; of Washington territory, XVI. 
 851, 2 b. 
 
 Gold Hill, Nev., XII. 829, 2 a. 
 
 Golovnin', Russian minister of instruction, 
 XII. 835, 2 a. 
 
 Goodale, Elaine and Dora Read, American 
 poets, VIII. 834. 
 
 Goodwin, Harvey, English prelate, VIII. 835. 
 Gordon, Col., introduces ostrich farming into 
 Egypt, XII. 854, 1 c. 
 
 Goreloi, volcano, Alaska, I. 814, 1 b. 
 Gorinovitch, Russian, XII. 838, 1 b. 
 Gortchahoff', Prince, note of, XIV. 891, 1 be, 
 892, 1 c. 
 
 Go'schen, English banker, VI. 809, 2 a. 
 Goshtoff, Russian, XII. 838, 1 b. 
 
 Gosse, Edmund William, English author, VIII. 
 835. 
 
 Gossmann [gos-man], report on oleomargarine, 
 XII. 850, 2 b. 
 
 Gotha observatory, XII. 845, 2 c. 
 
 Gould, Dr. B. A., American astronomer, I. 
 809, 1 b; director of the observatory at 
 Cordoba, XII. 846, 2 b: XV. 894, 2 b, 896, 
 
 2 a, 914, 1 c. 
 
 Goicen, F. B., president of Philadelphia and 
 Reading Coal and Iron Company, overthrows 
 the Molly Maguires, XI. 896, 2 b. 
 
 Gower, his telephone, XV. 910, 2 a (ill.), 911, 
 
 1 a. 
 
 Graham, Gen., British soldier, defeats Arabi 
 Ahmed Pasha, I. 821,1 c; in Egypt, VI. 812, 
 
 2 a, be, 813, 1 a. 
 
 Grain products of the United States , IV. 808; 
 of Colorado, V. 801, 2 b; of Connecticut 
 
GRAMME 
 
 HALL 
 
 827 
 
 811,1 be; of Dakota, 822,1 b; of Delaware, 
 827, 2 a; of Florida, VII. 845, 2 ab; of 
 Georgia, 858, 1 c; of Illinois, IX. 843, 2 a; 
 of Indiana, 845, 2 b; of Iowa, 847, 2 a, 848, 
 
 1 a; of Kansas, 868, 2 c; of Kentucky, 869, 
 
 2 b; of Louisiana, X. 865, 2 b ; of Maine, XI. 
 873, 1 c; of Maryland, 878, la; of Massa¬ 
 chusetts, 879, 2 c; of Michigan, 886, 1 c; of 
 Minnesota, 892, 1 b; of Mississippi, 894,1 a; 
 of Missouri, 2 a; of Montana, 897, 1 c; of 
 Nebraska, XII. 826, 1 a; of Nevada, 828, 
 2 c; of New Hampshire, 829, 2 a; of New 
 Jersey, 830, 1 a; of New Mexico, 832, 2 b; 
 of North Carolina, 839, 1 b, 841, 1 a; of 
 Ohio, 846, 2 c, 848, 2 a; of Oregon, 853, 1 b; 
 of Pennsylvania, XIII. 860, 1 c; of Rhode 
 Island, XIV. 888, 1 a; of South Carolina, 
 XV. 891, 2 b, 892, 2 c; of Tennessee, 916, 
 
 1 b; of Texas, 918, 1 b; of Vermont, XVI. 
 
 847, 2 b; of Virginia, 849,1 b ; of Washing¬ 
 ton territory, 851, 2 b; of West Virginia, 
 854, 1 a; of Wisconsin, 855, 2 a; of Wyo¬ 
 ming territory, 857, 2 a. 
 
 Gramme electric machine [gram], VI. 824, 1 c 
 (ills.), 2 a, 826, 1 a; efficiency of, 827. 
 
 Grand Rapids , Mich., XI. 890, 2 b. 
 
 • Geangees, or Patrons of Husbandry, VIII, 
 835; its organization, 2 a; its officers, be. 
 Political influence of, 836, 1 a. Cooperation 
 among, b. 
 
 Grant , if., director of the Glasgow (Scotland) 
 observatory, XII. 845, 1 b; XV. 915, 1 a. 
 Grant , Ulysses S general and president of the 
 United States. His chances at the Cincinnati 
 convention of 1876, II. 816,1 a; at the Chi¬ 
 cago convention of 1880, VII. 856, 2 b. 
 Grau, Admiral , Peruvian naval officer, IV. 
 
 814, 1 a, b, c; death of, 2 a. 
 
 Gray, Asa , American botanist, VII. 847, 2 c, 
 
 848, 1 a. 
 
 Geay, Elisha, American inventor, VIII. 836. 
 His patents, 1 c. His speaking telephone, 
 
 2 a; XV. 909, 2 b, 911, 1 b. 
 
 Great Tree , of California, VII. 853, 2 c. 
 
 Geeen, John Richard, English historian, VIII. 
 836. 
 
 Green Bay , Wis., XVI. 856, 2 c. 
 
 Greenville , S. C., XV. 893, 2 b. 
 
 Greenwich [grin'-ij], Royal observatory at, XII. 
 
 844, 2 c; XV. 914, 1 c. 
 
 Gregg, IF. T., of the Brooklyn observatory, 
 XV. 915, 1 c. 
 
 Grenadier Island, one of the Thousand islands, 
 XV. 920, 2 c. 
 
 Gresham, Thomas C., postmaster-general, I. 
 840, 2 b. 
 
 Greville, Henry [griili-vey’]: see Dueand, 
 Alice, VI. 802. 
 
 Geindelia, North American plant, VIII. 837. 
 Grindstone Island, one of the Thousand isl¬ 
 ands, XV. 920, 2 c. 
 
 Geove, Sir George, English writer, VIII. 837. 
 Grubh, telescope maker, XV. 913, 2 ab, 914, 
 
 1 a, b, c. 
 
 Guest, Edwin, English philologist, VIII. 837. 
 Gun-cotton: see Pyroxyline . 
 
 Guejux Balsam, VIII. 837. 
 
 Gurko , Gen., military governor of St. Peters¬ 
 burg, XII. 838, 1 c, 2 b. In the Russo- 
 Turkish war, XIV. 892, 2 b, c, 893, 1 a, 2 
 ab. 
 
 Gurney. His steam-heating apparatus, XV. 
 897, 2 be. 
 
 Guy, Seymour Joseph, American painter, VIII. 
 838. 
 
 Guyon, George , pedestrian, XIII. 858, 2 c. 
 Gwosdejf, Michael, Russian surveyor, I. 817, 
 
 2 b. 
 
 Gylden, Hugo , director of the Stockholm ob¬ 
 servatory, XII. 846, 1 c; XV. 915, 1 b. 
 
 Habbeeton, John, American author, VIII. 
 838. 
 
 Hcematidrosis , or bloody sweat, XV. 886, 1 b, 
 2 a. 
 
 Ilcemorrhagice: see Hemorrhagic Affections. 
 Haemorrhagic affections of the skin, XV. 880, 
 2 a, b, 886, 1 b. 
 
 Hahn, S New York physician. Cremated at 
 Washington, Pa., V. 817, 2 b. 
 
 Haida, a race of people in Alaska, I. 815, 2. 
 Haines, Prof. IF. 8., on glucose, VIII. 834, 
 2 a. 
 
 Haines collection of stone implements, XII. 825, 
 2 a. 
 
 Hagerstown , Md., XI, 879, 2 b. 
 
 Hair, superfluous, XV. 887, 2 c; diseases of 
 the hair, 888, 2 b. 
 
 Halicarnassus , tomb of Mansolus at, XIV. 896, 
 2 c. 
 
 Halifax, observatory at, XII. 845, 1 c; XV. 
 915, 1 a. 
 
 Hall, George Henry, American painter, VIII. 
 838. 
 
 Hall, Prof. Asaph, discovers the satellites of 
 Mars, XII. 844, 1 c; XIII. 863, 2 b, 864, 1 
 a, c; XV. 894,1 a, c. His solar photographs, 
 
828 
 
 HALL 
 
 HERSCHEL 
 
 907.1 b; on the transit of Venus, XVI. 846, 
 1 c. 
 
 Hall collection of specimens of geology and 
 mineralogy, XII. 825, 1 c. 
 
 Hamburg , X. Y., observatory at, XV. 915,1 b. 
 Hamburg observatory, XII. 845, 2 c; XV. 
 915, 1 a. 
 
 Hamilton, Gail: see Dodge, Mary Abigail, 
 VI. 802. 
 
 Hamilton, James, American painter, VIII. 838. 
 Hamilton, Lieut., killed at Cabool, I. 811, 2 
 ab. 
 
 Hamilton , Ohio, XII. 848, 2 b. 
 
 Hammond, W. A., American physician, VII. 
 843, 1 b. 
 
 Hanlan, Edward, Canadian oarsman, VIII. 
 
 838. 
 
 Hannibal, Carthaginian general, XIII. 860,1 b. 
 Hannibal, Mo., XI. 895, 2 b. 
 
 Hansen, Peter Andreas [han'-zen], German as¬ 
 tronomer. His lunar tables, XI. 898, 2 c, 
 
 899.1 a; parallax of the sun, XV. 905, 2 be. 
 Hansteen, Christopher [han'-stain], of the 
 
 Christiania observatory, XV. 915, 1 b. 
 Hardee, Wm. J., American soldier, II. 804, 2 a. 
 Harding, George. His experiments with oleo¬ 
 margarine, XII. 851, 1 c. 
 
 Hardy, Thomas, English novelist, VIII. 839. 
 Harkness, Prof. His photographs of the sun, 
 XV. 907, 1 b; XVI. 846, 1 c. 
 
 Harriman, C. A., pedestrian, XIII. 858, 2 a. 
 Harrisburg, Pa., XIII. 861, 2 ab. 
 
 Harrison, Frederick, English author, VIII. 
 
 839. 
 
 Harrowby, Lord, English philanthropist, II. 2 
 be. 
 
 Hart, Frank, pedestrian, XIII. 858, 2 be, c. 
 Hart, James McHougal, American painter, XV. 
 891, 1 c. 
 
 Hartford, Conn., V. 811, 1 c; observatory at, 
 XV. 915, 1 c. 
 
 Hartley, Sir Charles A., English engineer, IX. 
 859, 2 c. 
 
 Hartman, Dolly, cremated at Washington, Pa., 
 V. 817, 2 b. 
 
 Hartmann, nihilist, XII. 838, 2 a. 
 
 Hartnup, John, director of the Liverpool ob¬ 
 servatory, XII. 845, 1 c; XV. 915, 1 b. 
 Hartwell observatory, XV. 915, 1 c. 
 
 Harvard college observatory, XII. 844, 1 c; 
 
 XV. 896, 1 b, 914, 1 b, 915, 1 c. 
 
 Hastings , Dr. C. S., of the Johns Hopkins Uni¬ 
 versity, IX. 865, 2 c, 866, 1 b. On the sun’s 
 eclipse, XV. 907, 1 a. 
 
 Haverford college observatory, XV. 915, 1 b. 
 Haverhill, Mass., valuation of, XI. 880, 2 c; 
 population, 882, 1 b. 
 
 Hawthorne, Nathaniel, American author, XIV. 
 889, 1 c. 
 
 Hayes, Rutherford Birchard, president of the 
 United States, VIII. 839; admitted to the 
 bar, 2 b; enters the army, be; brevetted 
 major-general, 840, 1 a; in Congress, ib. ; as 
 governor of Ohio, b; chief acts as president, 
 c, VI. 813, 1 a, 814, 1 b, 2 b, 815, 1 b; 
 XIV. 896, 1 c. 
 
 Hazael, George, pedestrian, XIII. 858, 2 a, b, 
 860, 1 a. 
 
 Heath, Francis George, English philanthropist, 
 VIII. 840. 
 
 Heintz, report on oleomargarine, XII. 850, 2 b. 
 Heis, Dr., German astronomer, XV. 896, 1 be. 
 Helena, capital of Montana territory, XI. 897, 
 
 1 a. 
 
 Helicites, of Luray cavern, X. 866, 1 b; defini¬ 
 tion of, c; illustration, 2 a; peculiar forma¬ 
 tions of, 867, 2 c, 868, 1 b. 
 
 Heliop'olis, Egypt, obelisk at, XII. 841, 1 be, 
 842, 1 a, be, c, 2 b. 
 
 Heliotype, VIII. 840; the process of taking, 
 
 2 a; preparation of plates for, c; employ¬ 
 ment of, 841, 1 a. 
 
 Hellmann, Gustav [hel'-man], German meteor¬ 
 ologist. His investigation into oceanic dust 
 showers, V. 824, 2 a. 
 
 Helmont, Jan Baptista van, Flemish physician. 
 
 His theory on gases, X. 861, 2 b. 
 
 Hematite, in Colorado, V. 802, 2 a, 804, 2 b. 
 Hemlock, tree, VII. 850, 2 b, c, 852, 2 a, 853, 
 1 a. 
 
 Hendricks, Thomas Andrews, American states¬ 
 man, VI. 813, 2 a. 
 
 Henle, Friedrich Gustav Jacob [hen'-leh], Ger¬ 
 man physiologist. His germ theory, VII. 
 860, 2 c. 
 
 IIennessy, William J, American painter, VIII. 
 841. 
 
 Henry Greville [gruh-vey'J, pseudonyme, VI. 
 802, 1 c. 
 
 Herkimer, Nicholas, American soldier, VIII. 
 841. 
 
 Hrrkomer, Hubert, English painter, VIII. 841. 
 Her'schel, Sir John Frederick William, astron¬ 
 omer and physicist, XII. 826, 2 c; on the 
 solar temperature, XV. 906, 1 b. 
 
 Her'schel, Sir William, astronomer, XIII. 865, 
 
 1 c; XV. 895, 1 c; observatory of, 914, 
 
 1 a. 
 
IIERTZEX 
 
 HYSTERIA 
 
 829 
 
 Hertzen, Alexander , Russian journalist, XII. 
 836, 2 c. 
 
 Herzegovina [hair-ts&h-go-ve'-na], province of 
 Turkey, rebellion in, IX. 842, 1 a. 
 
 Hespeeoenis, extinct bird, VIII. 842. 
 
 Hesser, Frederick, colliery watchman, killed by 
 Molly Maguires , XI. 896, 2 a, b, c. 
 
 Heyking, Baron, Russian officer, victim of the 
 nihilists, XII. 838, 1 a. 
 
 Hickory, tree, VII. 852, 1 a. 
 
 Hioks, George E., English painter, VIII. 842. 
 
 Hidden, Prof, VIII. 842, 1 b. 
 
 Hiddenite, a new mineral, VIII. 842. 
 
 Hide-bound skin, a disease, XV. 887, 2 a. 
 
 Hideyoshi [he-da-yo'-she], Japanese warrior 
 and statesman, V. 814, 2 a. 
 
 Hildebrandt, Ferdinand Theodor, German 
 painter, XV. 921, 1 c. 
 
 Hilgard, Prof , of the U. S. coast survey, IX. 
 865, 2 b. 
 
 Hill, G. IF., American astronomer, XI. 898, 
 2 be. 
 
 Hill, Thomas, American painter, VIII. 842. 
 
 Hind, astronomer, XV. 894, 2 ab. 
 
 Hirschfeld, Gen. [heersh'-felt], German soldier, 
 XIV. 890, 1 b. 
 
 Hoang-nan", a drug, VIII. 842. 
 
 Hoar, George F., American statesman, VI. 814, 
 1 a, 815, 1 b. 
 
 TIobaet Pasiia, Turkish naval officer, VIII. 
 842. 
 
 Hoboken, X. J., XII. 832, 1 a. 
 
 Hohenlohe, Cardinal [ho'-en-lo-eh], Prussian 
 ambassador to the papal court, VII. 840,2 ab. 
 
 Holden, E. S ., on the nebulae of Orion, XII. 
 827, 1 b; director of the Madison (Wis.) ob¬ 
 servatory, 844, 2 b; XIII. 863, 2 b, 864, 1 
 a; on the sun’s eclipse, XV. 907,1 b ; draw¬ 
 ings of the sun’s corona, 2 b, c. 
 
 Holl, Frank, English painter, VIII. 843. 
 
 Holly, Birdsell, American inventor. His 
 steam-heating system, XV. 898, 1 c. 
 
 Holmes collection of geological specimens, XII. 
 825, 1 c. 
 
 Holub, Emil, Bohemian naturalist, VIII. 843. 
 
 Holyoke, Mass., valuation of, XI. 880, 2 c; 
 population, 882, 1 b. 
 
 Homee, Winslow, American artist, VIII. 843. 
 
 Hook, James Clark, English painter, VIII. 843. 
 
 Hooker, Joseph Dalton, English botanist, XV. 
 903, 1 a. 
 
 Hornstein [horn-stlne], astronomer. On mag¬ 
 netic elements, XV. 904, 2 a. 
 
 Houston, Texas [hu-stun], XV. 920, 1 b. 
 
 Houzeau, Dr., director of the Brussels observa¬ 
 tory, XII. 846, 1 b; XV. 914, 1 b. 
 
 Howe, Timothy O., postmasier-general, U. S. A. 
 I. 840, 2 b. 
 
 Howe Island, one of the Thousand islands, XV. 
 920, 2 c. 
 
 Howgate, H. W., American army officer. His 
 plan relative to the Arctic discoveries, I. 
 833, 1 a. 
 
 Hoyle. His steam-heating apparatus, XV. 896, 
 2 c. 
 
 Hoyt, Governor, XVI. 857, 2 c. 
 
 Hubbinet, chief of Kiev police administration, 
 XII. 838, 1 b. 
 
 Hudson, X. Y., XII. 835, 1 b. 
 
 Huggins, William, English astronomer. His 
 photographs of comets, V. 808, 2 c, 809,1 a. 
 On the nebulae, XII. 826, 2 c. His photo¬ 
 graph of nebulae, 827, 2 b. Observatory of, 
 845, 2 a. Photographs of star spectra, XV. 
 895, 2 a. On the photosphere, 903,1 c. On 
 the solar corona, 905, 1 c. Observatory of, 
 915, 1 b. 
 
 Hughes, Prof. Ilis microphone, XI. 890, 2 c, 
 891, 1 a; XV. 912, 1 a. 
 
 Hugo, Victor. Polish translations of his plays, 
 XI. 896, 1 a. 
 
 Humbeet IV., king of Italy, IX. 841. 
 Humboldt, Friedrich Heinrich Alexander von, 
 baron [hoom'-bolt], German naturalist. On 
 the haze in Mexico, V. 823, 1 c. 
 
 Humphreys, Gen., American engineer. His 
 theory of bar formation, IX. 857, 2 c, 858, 
 
 1 a. 
 
 Hunt, James Henry Leigh, author, present at 
 the cremation of Shelley, V. 818, 1 b. 
 
 Hunt, William H., American statesman, I. 840, 
 
 2 b; secretary of the navy, VII. 856, 2 c. 
 Hunt, William Holman, painter, XI. 899, 1 c. 
 Hunton, Eppa, American statesman, VI. 814, 
 
 1 a, 815, 1 b. 
 
 Huntsville, Ala., I. 813, 1 b. 
 
 Hussein Avni [hoos-sain' dv-ne], grand vizier 
 of Turkey, XI. 891, 2 c. 
 
 Hyatt, I. S., American inventor, IV. 802, 2 a, 
 803, 2 a. 
 
 Hyatt, John W., Jr., American inventor, IV. 
 802, 1 b, 2 a, 803, 2 a. 
 
 Hydrophobia, alleged remedy for, VIII. 2 ab. 
 Hypertrophies: see Hypertrophic Affections. 
 Hypertrophic affections of the skin, XV. 880, 
 
 2 a, c, 886, 2 a. 
 
 Hypertrophy of hair, XV. 887, 2 c. 
 
 Hysteria, sumbul given for, XV. 903, 1 b. 
 
830 
 
 ICHTHYOSIS 
 
 JACQUE 
 
 Ichthyosis, or fish-skin disease, XV. 887, 1 c. 
 
 Idaho, territory, IX. 841; forests in, VII. 852, 
 2 b. 
 
 Iglesias, Gen. [e-gla'-se-as], Peruvian soldier, 
 IV. 815, 2 c, 816, 1 a. 
 
 Ignatieff, Nikolai Pavlovitch, Russian diplo¬ 
 matist, IX. 841 ; ambassador to Peking, 2 b ; 
 extraordinary ambassador to St. Petersburg, 
 c; instigates the Russo-Turkish war, 842, 
 
 1 a; III. 804, 1 a. 
 
 Tliamna peaJc, Alaska, I. 814, 1 b. 
 
 Iliuliuk, Alaska, I. 819, 1 c, 2 b. 
 
 Illinois, IX. 842. Population and production 
 of, 1 b; finances, c; schools, 2 b; railroads, 
 c ; canals, 848, 1 be ; asylums, c ; corn crop, 
 
 2 a; rye, b; wheat, c; live-stock, 844, 
 1 a. 
 
 Illiteracy in the United States, IV. 806, 2 c. 
 
 Illovaiski, Russian journalist, XIII. 856, 2 b. 
 
 Imertinski , Russian soldier, XV. 890, 2 b. 
 
 Impetico, skin disease, XV. 885, 2 b, c. 
 
 Incandescent electric lights, of Edison, VI. 808, 
 1 a; history and principles of, 823, 1 c ; Edi¬ 
 son’s, 2 b; Maxim’s, c. 
 
 Indiana, IX. 844. Population, 1 a; products 
 and finances, b; railroads, c ; schools, 2 c; 
 asylums, 845, 1 b; correction, c; agricultu¬ 
 ral reports, 2 b; coal, c; churches, 846, 1 a; 
 manufactures and principal cities, b. 
 
 Indianapolis , Ind., IX. 846, 1 b. 
 
 Indigo, artificial preparation of, IX. 846 ; dis¬ 
 covery of the process, 1 b; process, 2a; its 
 uses, c; other processes, 847, 1 a. 
 
 Industries of United States, IV. 810. 
 
 Infallibility of the pope: see Papal Infalli¬ 
 bility. 
 
 Ingersoll, Robert G., American orator, IX. 
 847. 
 
 Inness, George, American painter, XV. 921, 2 a. 
 
 Innocent X., pope, XII. 842, 2 a. 
 
 Innuit, a race of people in Alaska, I. 815, 2. 
 
 Inoculation, its effect in the cattle plague, IV. 
 800, 2 b. 
 
 Iowa, IX. 847. Population, agricultural prod¬ 
 ucts, and finances, 2 a; education and rail¬ 
 roads, b ; chief cities, 848, 1 b. 
 
 Iron , manufactures, IV. 811, 1 c; products, 2 c, 
 812, 1 b; ore in Maryland, XI. 878, 1 a; ore 
 in Michigan, 886, 1 c, 888, 2 b ; ore in Mis¬ 
 souri, 894, 2 a; ore in New Jersey, XII. 830, 
 1 ab; ore in Ohio, 846, 2 c; ore in Tennes¬ 
 see, XV. 916, 1 c, 917, 1 b; ore in Virginia, 
 XVI. 849, 1 c, 850, 1 ab; ore in West Vir¬ 
 ginia, 854, 1 a; ore in Wisconsin, 855, 2 a. 
 
 Iron-clad vessels, constructed by Eads, VI. 802. 
 2 c. 
 
 Irving, John Henry Brodribb, English actor, 
 IX. 848. 
 
 Isabella II., ex-queen of Spain, I. 820, 2 a. 
 Isandlana, Zululand, camp at, XVI. 860, 
 2 a. 
 
 Ismail Pasha [is-ma-eel'], khedive of Egypt, I. 
 821, 1 ab: succeeds to the throne, VI. 809, 
 
 1 a; his financial difficulties, b; deposed, 2 
 b, 810, 1 c. 
 
 Isthmus Canal, IX. 848. Surveys by the 
 American government, 2 b; French route, 
 c; Tehuantepec surveyed, 849, 1 a ; surveys 
 for a tide-level canal, b; congress to discuss, 
 
 2 a; five routes submitted, b; engineering 
 schemes, c ; maps, 850 ; artificial lakes, 851, 
 
 1 a; American plans for a tide-level canal, 
 b; estimated income from, 2 a; respective 
 merits of French and American plans, b; 
 advantages of Nicaragua, c ; Lull and Meno- 
 cal’s proposed route, 852, 1 b; disadvan¬ 
 tages of the Panama route, 2 b; the Wyse- 
 Reclus route, c; proposed tunnel, 853, 1 b; 
 work begun, c. 
 
 Itch, as a skin disease, XV. 880, 1 a ; barber’s, 
 881, 1 a, 2 a, 885, 2 b. 
 
 Itching, skin disease, XV. 882, 2 c. 
 
 Ithaca, N. Y., XII. 835, 1 b. 
 
 Ivanoff [e-van'-off], nihilist, XII. 837, 2 b. 
 Ivens, Robert , explorer, XIV. 896, 2 ab. 
 
 Jablochkojf, Paul, Russian officer. His elec¬ 
 tric candle, VI. 820, 1 c, 826, 2 c. 
 Jaboeandi, a shrub, IX. 853 ; as a diaphoretic, 
 
 2 b. 
 
 Jackson, John Adams, American sculptor, IX. 
 854. 
 
 Jackson, Mich., X. 890, 2 b. 
 
 Jackson, Miss., XI. 894, 2 a. 
 
 Jackson, Tenn., university at, XV. 917, 1 ab; 
 population of, 918, 1 b. 
 
 Jackson, W. H., explores the habitations of the 
 cliff dwellers, IV. 818, 2 a, c, 819, 1 a. His 
 explorations in Colorado, 2 b, 820, 1 c. 
 Jackson collection of stone implements, XII. 
 825, 2 a. 
 
 Jacksonville, Fla., VII. 846, 2 c, 847, 1 a. 
 Jacksonville, Ill., IX. 844, 1 a. 
 
 Jacobi. His steel process, XV. 899, 2 a. 
 Jacobs, Sarah, Welsh faster, VII. 842, 2 c. 
 Jacque, Charles Emile [zhak], French painter, 
 IX. 854. 
 
JAMES 
 
 KEATS 
 
 831 
 
 James, Gomer, killed by Molly Maguires, XI. 
 896, 2 ab. 
 
 James, Prof., of Harvard. His lectures, IX. 
 865, 2 be. 
 
 James, Thomas L., postmaster-general, VII. 
 856, 2 c. 
 
 Jamestown, 1ST. Y., XII. 835, 1 b. 
 
 Jamin. His electric candle, VI. 820, 2, 821, 1 
 
 a, 826, 2 c (ill.). 
 
 Jan, Abdullah, younger son of Shere Ali, I. 
 811, 1 a. 
 
 Jan, Mohammed, opposes Gen. Roberts before 
 Cabool, I. 811, 2 c. 
 
 Janesville, Wis., XVI. 856, 2 c. 
 
 Jans, Anneke (Webber), early settler of Hew 
 York, IX. 854; marries Bogardus, 2 a; her 
 descendants’ claim against Trinity church, b. 
 Janssen, director of the Mendon observatory, 
 XII. 846, 2 a; XV. 903, 1 c; on the transit 
 of Venus, XVI. 847, 1 b. 
 
 Japan. Hostility toward Corea, V. 814, 1 
 
 b, c. 
 
 Jeannette expedition. Observations on the ice 
 north of Behring strait, I. 815, 2 a, 832, 1 c ; 
 V. 828, 1 b. 
 
 Jebb, Richard Claverhouse, English scholar, 
 IX. 855. 
 
 Jeffeeson, Joseph, American actor, IX. 855; 
 
 V. 826, 1 ab; VII. 841, 2 c. 
 
 Jefferson City, Ho’., XI. 895, 2 b. 
 
 Jenkins, Edward, British author, IX. 855. 
 Jenkinson, Bishop, XII. 852, 2 b. 
 
 Jersey City, H. J., XII. 832, 1 a. 
 
 Jessel, Sir George, English lawyer, IX. 855. 
 Jetties, piers or dikes built out into the sea, 
 IX. 855 ; theory of, 2 b; their effect on the 
 surface slope of water, 856, la; bars on the 
 sea coast, c ; moving of solid matter by cur¬ 
 rents, 2 a; formation of deltas, 857, 1 a. 
 Plans for deepening the mouth of the Missis¬ 
 sippi, b; Eads’s proposition, 2 a; Eads’s 
 theory of the cause of sand bars, 858, 1 a; 
 Humphrey’s opposition to Eads, b; Eads’s 
 answer, ib. ; extract from Humphrey’s re¬ 
 port, c ; Eads’s reply, 2 b; another extract, 
 859,1 a; practical arrest of the bar advance, 
 b; reduction in friction of the flow of water, 
 2 b; deeper channel, c; maps, 860; the 
 mattresses, 2 c ; map of Mississippi from the 
 passes to the forts, 861; sinking the mat¬ 
 tresses, 2 c ; strength added to the jetties by 
 the sediment, 862, 2 a; illustration of east 
 jetty, 862; stone capping, 1 c; railway 
 track over the jetties, 863, 1 a; depth of 
 
 passes, b; dams across passes, c; power of 
 the works in controlling the discharge of 
 the water, 2 b; dredge-boat used to correct 
 changes in the channel, 864, 1 a; success 
 of, b. 
 
 JonNS Hopkins University, IX. 864. Board 
 of trustees organized, 1 c ; endowment of, 
 2a; its plans, b; course of study, 865, 1 b; 
 supplementary course of lectures, 2 a; course 
 to teachers, 866, 1 a; scientific journals of, 
 b; university circular, c; laboratory work, 
 2 a; library, c; fellows, 867, 1 a; students, 
 b; buildings, c; X. 856, 1 b. 
 
 Johnson, Frost, American painter, IX. 867. 
 
 Johnston, soldier, II. 804, 1 c; at Bentonville, 
 808, 1 b, 2 a. 
 
 Joliet , Ill., IX. 844, 1 a. 
 
 Jones, superintendent of Lansford coal mines, 
 killed by the Molly Maguires, XI. 896, 1 c, 
 2 ab, be, c. 
 
 Jones collection of stone implements, XII. 825, 
 2 a. 
 
 Joplin, Mo., XI. 895, 2 b. 
 
 Josh Billings, pseudonyme, XIV. 897, 2 a. 
 
 Juices, J. B., British geologist, VII. 858, 1 a. 
 
 Juneau City, Alaska, I. 816, 1 b, 817, 1 be. 
 
 Jupiter, planet, XIII. 862, 2 c, 863 (ill.); red 
 spot on, 864, 2 b; satellites of, XV. 906, 1 a, 
 913, 2 a. 
 
 Jupiter, statue of, XIV. 896, 2 c. 
 
 Jurgensen. Electric lamp, efficiency of, VI. 
 827. 
 
 Kadiak, Alaska, I. 813, 2 b; climate of, 815,1 
 a, 816, 1 b. 
 
 Kanaga [ka-na'-ga], one of the Aleutian islands, 
 I. 818, 2 c. 
 
 Kansas. Population and productions, IX. 867, 
 2 a; finances, b; school fund, c; railroads, 
 868, 1 b; taxes, c; debt and resources, 1 a; 
 trees, b; crops and chief cities, c. 
 
 Kansas City, Mo., XI. 895, 1 a, 2 b. 
 
 Kant. His hypothesis on comets, V. 806, 2 b, 
 807, 1 c, 808, 1 a. 
 
 Karakbzoff\ attempts the assassination of the 
 czar of Russia, XII. 835, 2 b, 836, 2 a. 
 
 Karnak, Egypt, obelisk at, XII. 842, 2 b. 
 
 Katkoff', Russian journalist, XIII. 856, 2 b. 
 
 Kaufmann, Gen. [kowf'-man], Russian com¬ 
 mander in Turkistan, I. 810, 1 b; XV. 890, 
 2 a. 
 
 Kazan [k4-zan'J, observatory at, XV. 915, 1 a. 
 
 Keats, John, English poet, XV. 922, 2 c. 
 
832 
 
 KEENE 
 
 LANGDON 
 
 Keene , N. H., XII. 830, 1 a. 
 
 Keloid, skin disease, XV. 889, 1 a. 
 
 Kendrick, John, English scholar, IX. 8G9. 
 
 Kentucky, IX. 869. Population, agricultural 
 products, and finances, 1 b; railroads and 
 insurance companies, c; whiskey, 2 a; grain 
 and coal, b; instruction, c; chief cities, 
 870, 1 a. 
 
 Ke'okuk , Iowa, IX. 848, 1 b. 
 
 Keppler, Joseph Ferdinand, American carica¬ 
 turist, IX. 870. 
 
 Kerr, M. C., American statesman, XIY. 885, 
 2 b. 
 
 Ketchwayo (Cetywayo), king of Zululand, XVI. 
 859, 1 b, 2 a; as a warrior, 860, 1 c; cap¬ 
 ture of, 861, 2 b. 
 
 Kew observatory, XII. 845, 1 b. 
 
 Key West, Florida, VII. 846, 2 c, 847, 1 a. 
 
 Khan, Ayub [kan a-yoob']; marches against 
 Candahar, I. 812, 1 a; defeat and flight of, 
 2 a. 
 
 Khan , Mohammed Yakub, son of Shere Ali, I. 
 810, 2 a, c; acting ameer, 811, 1 a, b, c; 
 prisoner, 2 b. 
 
 Khomiakoff, founder of Panslavism, XIII. 855, 
 2 c. 
 
 Kilpatrick, soldier, II. 804, 2 a. 
 
 Kimball, H. L, director-general of Atlanta 
 cotton exposition, II. 803, 2 a. 
 
 Kinetic theory of gases, X. 862, 1 a. 
 
 Kingston, N. Y., XII. 835, 1 b. 
 
 Kinnear, IF., farmer of Beaufort West, XII. 
 854, 1 c. 
 
 Kircher, Julius, cremates the body of his 
 infant, V. 818, 1 a. 
 
 Kiriyevskis , founder of Panslavism, XIII. 855, 
 2 c. 
 
 Kirkwood, Daniel, American mathematician, 
 II. 802, 1 b. 
 
 Kirkwood , Samuel J., secretary of the interior, 
 VII. 856, 2 c. 
 
 Klebs, Prof, German physician. His theory 
 of bacterial germs in diphtheria, VII. 863, 
 1 a, 864, b. His experiments in Roman 
 fever, c. 
 
 Klein, Dr. [kline]. His experiments with 
 bacteria, VII. 861, 1 b, 862, 1 c. 
 
 Klementz, Dimitri, nihilist, XII. 839, 1 a. 
 
 Knatchbull-Hugessen, Edward, English au¬ 
 thor, X. 853. 
 
 Kneading, XI. 883, 1 b. 
 
 Knowles, James, English architect, IX. 853. 
 
 Knoxville, Tenn., university at, XV. 917, 1 a; 
 population of, 918, 1 b. 
 
 Koch [ko k -h]. His experiments with bacteria, 
 VII. 861, 1 b, 862, 1 ab, 863, 2 a; XV. 894, 
 1 c. 
 
 Kollar, Jan , Slavic scholar and poet, XIII. 855, 
 1 c. 
 
 Konkoly, V. de, observatory of, XII. 846, 1 b; 
 XV. 915, 1 c. 
 
 Korovin, volcano, Alaska, I. 814, 1 b. 
 Korsakoff, Prince Dondoukoff, Russian gov¬ 
 ernor, III. 804, 1 c. 
 
 Kotliarevski, procurator at Kiev, XII. 838, 1 b. 
 Kowalski , observatory of, XV. 915, 1 a. 
 Krapotkin, Prince, governor of Kharkov, vic¬ 
 tim of the nihilists, XII. 838, 1 a, 2 c. 
 Krapotkin, Prince, Russian geologist, brother 
 of preceding, XII. 838, 2 c. 
 
 Kriegspiel [kreegs-speel], war game, X. 853; 
 invention of, 2 c ; its utility, 854, 1 a ; appa¬ 
 ratus for, ab; the players, c; rules for the 
 game, 2 a; as a training, 855, 1 a; fortress 
 or siege game, b. Simplification of the 
 game, c. 
 
 Krudener, Gen. [krii'-deh-ner], Russian soldier, 
 
 XIV. 892, 2 b, c. 
 
 Kruger, Dr., director of the Gotha observa¬ 
 tory, XII. 845, 2 c; XV. 895, 2 be. 
 
 Krupp [kroop]. His steel process, XV. 899, 2 a. 
 Ku-Klux-Klan, secret organization, XV. 922, 
 1 c. 
 
 Kullman, attempts Bismarck’s life, VII. 841, 
 1 c. 
 
 Kuro-siwo, North Pacific current, I. 815, 1 c. 
 Kyska, one of the Aleutian islands, I. 818, 2 c. 
 
 Labiche, Eugene Marin [M-beesh], French 
 dramatist, X. 855. 
 
 La Gotera, Gen., secretary of war in Peru, IV. 
 814, 2 b. 
 
 La Crosse, Wis., XVI. 856, 2 c. 
 
 La Farge, JohD, American artist, X. 856. 
 Lafayette , Ind. [la-fa-yet'], IX. 846, 1 b. 
 Lamar', Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus, American 
 senator, X. 856. 
 
 Lambinet, Emile [lam-be-na], French painter, 
 
 XV. 920, 1 b. 
 
 Lancaster, Pa., XIII. 861, 2 ab. 
 
 Lane, Henry S., American statesman, senator, 
 XI. 899, 2 ab. 
 
 Lane-Fox, incandescent electric light, VI. 824, 
 1 a, 826, 2 c; report on, 828, 1 a. 
 
 Lang, Andrew, English scholar, III. 802, 2 c. 
 Langdon, F. IF. Killed by Molly Maguires, XI. 
 896, 2 a, b, c. 
 
LANGLEY 
 
 LINCOLN 
 
 833 
 
 Langley, Prof. John W., on the sun’s corona, 
 XY. 907, 1 c, 2 b. 
 
 Langley, Prof. S. P., American astronomer, 
 on the heat of the moon, XI. 898, 1 c; di¬ 
 rector of Alleghany observatory, XII. 844, 
 
 1 c; on the photosphere, XY. 903, 1 c, 904, 
 
 2 b, c; on the solar temperature, 906, 1 b; 
 on the sun’s eclipse, 907, 1 b, 914, 1 c; on 
 the transit of Yenus, XYI. 847, 1 c. 
 
 Lanier, Sidney, American author, X. 856. Ilis 
 lectures at the Johns Hopkins University, IX. 
 866, 1 a. 
 
 Lankester, Edwin Kay, English physicist, X. 
 856. 
 
 Lansing , Mich., XI. 890, 2 b. 
 
 Laplace, Pierre Simon [la-plas], marquis de. 
 His hypothesis on comets, Y. 806, 2 b, 807, 
 1 c, 2 be, 808, la; on the moon, XI. 899, 
 
 1 a, XII. 828, 1 b. 
 
 Larch, tree, YII. 850, 1 be, 2 be, 853, 1 a. 
 Larcom, Lucy, American poet, X. 856. 
 
 Larkin, E. L., of the New Windsor observa¬ 
 tory, XY. 915, 1 c. 
 
 L% Rue, de [la-ru], solar photographs of, XII. 
 
 845, 1 b; XY. 914, 1 a. 
 
 Lassell, observatory of, XY. 914, 1 a. 
 
 Laurel, tree, YII. 853, 1 c. 
 
 Lawrence, Kan., IX. 868, 2 c. 
 
 Lawn Tennis, X. 856, 857 (ills.); rules for 
 game, 856, 2 c. 
 
 Lawrence, Mass., valuation of, XI. 880, 2 c; 
 population, 882, 1 b. 
 
 Lay’ard, Austen Henry, English archeologist, 
 XIY. 886, 1 a. 
 
 Leadville, Col., X. 857; elevation and found¬ 
 ing of, 858, 1 a; schools and churches of, 
 
 2 a ; view, 858; mining industries in, 1 c ;• 
 furnaces used there, 859, 1 b; climate, be; 
 geology of, c; analysis of ores, 2 a, Y. 802, 
 1 a, 804, 2 b; population of, 805, 2 c. 
 
 Leather Board, composition of sole-leather, 
 &c., X. 859. 
 
 Leavenworth, Kan., IX. 868, 2 c. 
 
 Lebanon, Tenn., university at, XY. 917, 1 a. 
 
 Le Conte, Dr. [le kont], American naturalist, 
 IY. 797, 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 Ledochowski, archbishop of Posen, YII. 841, 
 1 a, b, c. 
 
 Lee. His steam-heating apparatus, XY. 897, 
 
 1 a. 
 
 Lee, of the Hartwell observatory, XY. 915,1 c. 
 Leeson-Prince observatory, XY. 915, 1 b. 
 L^efont, of the Calcutta observatory, XY. 915, 
 1 a. 
 
 Lefranc [luh-fra ne ], French writer, X. 855, 2 ab. 
 Legros, Alphonse [lhli-gro], French painter, 
 X. 860. 
 
 Lehigh University observatory, XY. 915,1 c. 
 Lehman [la-man], Swiss color-bearer, Y. 806, 
 
 1 a. 
 
 Leipsic observatory [lipe'-sik], XII. 845, 2 c; 
 XY. 915, 1 ab. * 
 
 Leitner, Gottlieb William [lite-ner], British 
 educator, X. 860. 
 
 Lemmon, Jonathan, test slave case of, I. 839, 
 
 2 b. 
 
 Le Moyne, F. J. [luh-moin], American physi¬ 
 cian. His crematory, Y. 817, 1 c, 2 b, 818, 
 
 1 c. 
 
 Lenox, James, founder of Lenox library, X. 862, 
 
 2 a. 
 
 Lenox Library, X. 860; its books, 2 b; col¬ 
 lection of Americana, be; pictures, c; statues, 
 861, 1 a. 
 
 Lentigo, or freckles, XY. 886, 2 b. 
 
 Leo XIII., pope of Rome, X. 861; YII. 841, 2 a. 
 Leprosy, alleged remedy for, YIII. 842, 2 b; 
 
 skin disease, XY. 880, 1 b, 890, 1 a. 
 Lerebours, telescope maker, XY. 915, 1 a. 
 Lesseps , Ferdinand de, viscount [la-seps], French 
 diplomatist. Suez canal, YI. 812, 1 c. 
 American isthmus investigations, IX. 849, 
 
 1 b, 2 a. Suez canal, XI. 876, 2 a. 
 
 Leterrier [la-tair-re-a], French dramatist, X. 
 
 855, 2 c. 
 
 Lethorodi, chief of the rebel Basutos, II. 805, 
 
 2 b, c. 
 
 Leucoderma, skin disease, XY. 888, 2 a. 
 Leverrier, Urbain Jean Joseph [luh-vair-ya], 
 of the Paris observatory, XII. 846, 1 c. His 
 theory of Mercury, XIII. 863, 1 c, 2 a, b, c, 
 864, 1 a. 
 
 Lewis, Edmonia, American sculptor, X. 861. 
 Lewis, Ida, American heroine, X. 861. 
 Lewiston, Me., XI. 875, 2 b. 
 
 Lexington, Ky., IX. 870, 1 a. 
 
 Leyden observatory [li'-den], XII. 846,1 b; XY. 
 896, 1 b. 
 
 Leyton observatory, XY. 915, 1 a. 
 
 Liaponoff, astronomer, XY. 894, 1 a. 
 
 Lice, XY. 881, 2 b. 
 
 Lichen [IF-ken], skin disease, XY. 885, 1 b. 
 Lick observatory, XII. 844, 2 b. 
 
 Lignum vitce, tree, YII. 852, 1 ab. 
 
 Lima [le-ma], capital of Peru, IV. 815, 1 b. 
 Lincoln, Abraham, president of the United 
 States. His consultation about iron-clads, 
 YI. 802, 2 b. 
 
 53 
 
834 
 
 LINCOLN 
 
 McDonough 
 
 Lincoln , Neb., XII. 826, 2 be. 
 
 Lincoln, R. I., XIV. 888, 2 a. 
 
 Lincoln, Robert T ., secretary of war, VII. 856, 
 2 c. 
 
 Linden , tree, VII. 850, 2 b. 
 
 Lindsay , ZonZ, observatory of, XII. 845, 2 a. 
 On double stars, XV. 898, 2 c, 914, 1 b, 915, 
 1 c. His party for observation of transit 
 of Venus, XVI. 846, 2 a. 
 
 Lintner , V. A., American naturalist, IV. 797, 
 1 c. 
 
 Liquefaction of Gases, X. 861. Faraday’s ex¬ 
 periment, 2 b; the kinetic theory, 862, 1 a; 
 liquefaction of permanent gases, 2 a. 
 
 Liquid-ambar, tree, VII. 852, 1 a. 
 
 Lisbon observatory , XII. 846, 2 b; XV. 914, 1 b. 
 
 Lister. His antiseptic method, VII. 863, 1 b. 
 
 Liszt, Franz [list], Hungarian pianist and com¬ 
 poser, XVI. 855, 1 b. 
 
 Litchfield , observatory of Hamilton college, 
 Clinton, N. Y., XII. 844, 2 a; XV. 914, 
 1 b. 
 
 Liubibratitch , insurrectionist, XIV. 891, 1 a. 
 
 Liverpool observatory , XII. 845, 1 c; XV. 914, 
 1 a, 915. 
 
 Liver spots , skin disease, XV. 881, 1 c, 2 a, 
 886, 2 b. 
 
 Livingstone , Dr. David , Scottish traveller and 
 explorer, III. 809, 2 a. 
 
 Lockport , N. Y., XII. 835, 1 b. Holly steam¬ 
 heating system, XV. 898, 1 c. 
 
 Lockyer , of the London observatory, XV. 915, 
 1 c. 
 
 Locust , tree, VII. 852, 1 a. 
 
 Lodyguine , Russian physicist, VI. 823, 1 c. 
 
 Logan, John Alexander, American soldier, X. 
 
 863. 
 
 Logansport , Ind., IX. 846, 1 b. 
 
 London observatory, XV. 914, 1 a, b, 915,1 b, c. 
 
 Long Island City , N. Y., XII. 835, 1 b. 
 
 Loris-Melikoff, Count Mikhail Tarielovitch, 
 Russian general, X. 863 ; military governor 
 of Kharkov, XII. 838, 1 c; his power, 2 b; 
 threatened by nihilists, c; in the Russo- 
 Turkish war, XIV. 892, 2 a, 893, 1 c. 
 
 Lorne, John George Edward Henry Douglas 
 Sutherland Campbell, marquis, X. 864. 
 
 Los Angeles loce an'-jbh-less], Cal., III. 808,1 a. 
 
 Lotta (Lotta Crabtree), American actress, X. 
 
 864. 
 
 Louise, princess , fourth daughter of Queen 
 Victoria, X. 864, 1 b. 
 
 Louisiana, X. 864. Population and agricul¬ 
 tural products, 1 c ; finances, 2 a ; education 
 
 in, 865, 1 a; asylum, c ; exports and imports, 
 2 a; sugar industries, ab; chief cities, c; 
 forests in, VII. 851, 2 c. 
 
 Louis Napoleon, prince, death of, XVI. 861,1 b. 
 
 Louisville, Ky., IX. 870, 1 a; oleomargarine 
 factory at, XII. 852, 1 a. 
 
 Louse, of the scalp, XV. 881, 2 b; body and 
 crab, c. 
 
 Lowe, Drury, English general in Egypt, VI. 
 813, 1 b. 
 
 Lowell, Mass., valuation of, XI. 880, 2 c; popu¬ 
 lation, 882, 1 b. 
 
 Lowell, Prof., of Harvard college. His lec¬ 
 tures, IX. 2 ab. 
 
 Lucknow observatory, XV. 915, 1 c. 
 
 Lull, Edward P., surveys Nicaragua for a 
 canal, IX. 849, 1 a, 2 b, 851, 2 b. His plan, 
 852, 1 b. 
 
 Lumber, of Iowa, IX. 848, 1 a; in Michigan, 
 XI. 888, 1 b; of Minnesota, 893, 2 b; of 
 Washington territory, XVI. 851, 2 c. 
 
 Lupus, skin disease, XV. 889, 1 c. 
 
 Luray Cavern, X. 865 ; formation of, 2 c. Dis¬ 
 covery of the new and larger cave, 866, 1 a; 
 internal decorations of, b; atmosphere and 
 temperature of, c; its peculiar stalactite, c 
 (ill.), 2a; its ravines, c; chandelier, 867, 1 
 a; map, 867; skeleton in, 868,1 c; XII. 832, 
 1 a, b. 
 
 Luxor, Egypt, obelisk at, XII. 842, 2 b. 
 
 Lyman, of Yale college, XV. 915, 1 ab. 
 
 Lynch, Capt., Chilian soldier, IV. 815, 1 c; ap¬ 
 pointed military governor of Lima, 2 a, b. 
 
 Lynchburg, Va., XVI. 850, 2 a. 
 
 Lynn, Mass., valuation of, XI. 880, 2 c ; popu¬ 
 lation, 882, 1 b; observatory at, XV. 915, 
 1 c. 
 
 Lytton, Lord, Gov.-Gen. of India, I. 810, 1 a; 
 demands an apology of Sliere Ali, 2 a. 
 
 McClellan, George Brinton, American soldier, 
 XV. 902, 2 be. 
 
 McClelland, J. A., American inventor, IV. 
 801, 2 c. 
 
 McCormick, observatory of, XV. 914, 1 b. 
 
 McCreery, Charles A., cremated at Washing¬ 
 ton, Pa., V. 817, 2 b. 
 
 Macdonald, James Wilson Alexander, Ameri¬ 
 can sculptor, X. 868. 
 
 Macdonald, Sir John Alexander, Canadian 
 statesman, X. 868. 
 
 McDonough, James B. His telephone, XV. 
 909, 2 b. 
 
MoELMO 
 
 MATTHEWS 
 
 835 
 
 Me Elmo canon, cliff dwellers’ ruins in, IV. 
 820, 2 a. 
 
 McGahan , American journalist, XIV. 891, 2 a; 
 XV. 890, 2 a. 
 
 Maclean , observatory of, XV. 914, 1 a. 
 McMaster, John Bach, American historian, X. 
 869. 
 
 Macon , Ga., VII. 860, 2 b. 
 
 McParlan , detective employed against the J/b7- 
 ly Maguires , XI. 896, 2 b. 
 
 MacVeagh, Wayne , American statesman, I. 
 
 840, 2 b; attorney-general, VII. 856, 2 c. 
 MoWiiirter, John, British painter, X. 869. 
 Madison, Wis., observatory at, XII. 844, 2 b; 
 
 XV. 914, 1 b; population of, XVI. 856, 2 c. 
 Madison cave , XII. 832, 1 a, b. 
 
 Madras' observatory , XV. 915, 1 a, c. 
 
 Madrazo, Raimundo [m&-£Ara-tho], Spanish 
 painter, VII. 854, 2 ab. 
 
 Madrid observatory [ma-£7iree£7*/], XII. 846, 
 2 b; XV. 914, 1 c. 
 
 Magic squares , XIV. 878, 1 a. 
 
 Magnolia, tree, VII. 851, 1 ab, 2 c, 852, 1 a. 
 Mahaffy, John Peytland, British scholar, XI. 
 873. 
 
 Mahmoud Sahmi [m4-mood'J, exiled with 
 Arabi Paslia, I. 821, 2 a; VI. 813, 1 c. 
 Mahogany, tree, VII. 852, 1 a, 853, 2 c. 
 
 Maine, XI. 873. Population, 1 b ; agricultural 
 products and finances, c; savings banks, 2 c; 
 charities and correction, 874, 1 a; schools, 
 c; lumber and fishing industries, 2 b ; ice, 
 c; railroads, 875; vessels, 1 c; principal 
 cities, 1 c, 2 b; forests in, VII. 850, 2 c. 
 Major, Richard Henry, English geographer, 
 XI. 875. 
 
 Makart, Hans, German painter, XI. 876. 
 Makushin, volcano, Alaska, I. 814,1 b, 819,1 b. 
 Malaxation: see Massage, XI. 882. 
 
 Mallet, Prof., of the University of Virginia. 
 
 His lectures, IX. 865, 2 b. 
 
 Mallock, William Hurrell, English author, XI. 
 876. 
 
 Maltby, Edward, English prelate, XI. 876. 
 Manby, Charles, English engineer, XI. 876. 
 Manchester, X. II., XII. 830, 1 a. 
 
 Manchester, Va., XVI. 850, 2 a. 
 
 Manipulation: see Massage, XI. 882. 
 Manitoba, province of Canada, XI. 876. 
 Manks, Richard, pedestrian, XIII. 857, 1 c. 
 Manners, John James Robert, English states¬ 
 man, XI. 876. 
 
 Mannheim observatory [man'-hime], XII. 846, 
 1 a; XV. 915, 1 c. 
 
 Mantchooria, a portion of, ceded to Russia, 
 IX. 841, 2 b. 
 
 Maple, tree, sugar, VII..850, 2 b; great-leaved, 
 853, 1 c. 
 
 Marble quarries, of Tennessee, XV. 917, 1 a. 
 
 Marcy, Gov., VI. 801, 2 c. 
 
 Mardi Gras [mar-de gra], carnival of, XI. 877; 
 in Xew Orleans, 1 b; king of the carnival, 
 c; the My stick Krewe of Cornu s, 2 a. 
 
 Maria Christina [ma-re'-a kris-te-na], queen 
 of Spain, I. 820, b. 
 
 Markham, Commander A. H., commands the 
 Alert in an Arctic expedition, I. 831, 2 b, c. 
 
 Marks, Henry Stacy, English painter, XL 877. 
 
 Mark Twain (pseudonyme), XIV. 886, 2 b. 
 
 Marry at, Frederick , English naval officer and 
 author, XIV. 890, 1 c. 
 
 Marryat , Florence (Mrs. Ross-Church), ib. 
 
 Mars, planet, satellite of, XII. 828, 1 b; XIII. 
 862, 2 c, 863 (ill.) ; satellites of, 864,1 a; XV. 
 905, 2 b, 913, 2 a. 
 
 Marseilles observatory [mar-say 1 ], XII. 846, 2 a; 
 XV. 914, 1 a, 915, 1 a. 
 
 Marsh, 0. C., American naturalist, VIII. 842, 
 1 a. 
 
 Marshall, Tex., XV. 920,1 b. 
 
 Marter, Major, British soldier, XVI. 861, 2 b. 
 
 Martin, bishop of Paderborn, VII. 841, 1 b. 
 
 Martin, metallurgist, XV. 900, 1 b. 
 
 Martin, Prof, of the Johns Hopkins University. 
 His lectures, IX. 865, 2 c, 866, 1 ab. 
 
 Martinsburg, W. Va., XVI. 854, 2 a. 
 
 Maryland, XI. 877. Population, 2 c; resources 
 and schools, 878, 1 a; finances, b; insane 
 hospital, c; schools, 2 a; canning interest, 
 c ; boundary question, 879,1 a; oyster privi¬ 
 leges, be; principal places, 2 b. 
 
 Marysville, Cal., III. 808, 1 a. 
 
 Mason, George Hemming, English painter, XI. 
 879;. 
 
 Maspero, Prof, I. 821, 2 a, b, c; enters the 
 pyramids of Merenra, Pepi, Uners, and Sene- 
 froo, 822, 1 a. 
 
 Massachusetts, XI. 879. Population, 2 b; re¬ 
 sources and schools, c; finances, 880, 881; 
 railroads, 1 b ; chief places, 882, 1 b. 
 
 Massage, XI. 882; definition of, 1 b; rules 
 concerning, c; friction, 2 a; kneading, 883, 
 1 b; pinching, 884, 1 c; percussion, 2 a; 
 local effects of, c; as an auxiliary treatment 
 in heart disease, 885, 1 b. 
 
 Mastic, tree, VII. 852, 1 b. 
 
 Matthews, Stanley, American lawyer, VI. 814, 
 1 b. 
 
836 
 
 MATTRESSES 
 
 MISSISSIPPI 
 
 Mattresses, for jetties, IX. 862, 2 c. 
 
 Mat'urin, Edward S., American educator, XI. 
 
 885. 
 
 Mauso'lus , tomb of, at Halicarnassus, XIV. 896, 
 2 c. 
 
 Maxim, H. S., American electrician. His incan¬ 
 descent light, YI. 823, 2 c; reports on his 
 light, 826, 2 c, 827, 828, 1 a. 
 
 Maximilian collection of specimens of natural 
 history , XII. 825, 1 c. 
 
 Mayer, Constant [mi-er], American painter, 
 XI. 885. 
 
 Mayo, Isabella (Fyvie) [ma-o], English au¬ 
 thoress, XI. 885. 
 
 Mayo, Frank , American actor, III. 809, 2 c. 
 
 Meek, Fielding Bradford, American palaeon¬ 
 tologist, XI. 885. 
 
 Meeker , Indian agent, Y. 805, 2 b. 
 
 Megaphone, speaking and ear trumpet, XI. 
 
 886 . 
 
 Mege, Hippolyte [maizh], inventor of oleomar¬ 
 garine, XII. 848, 2 c, 851, 1 a, c, 852, 1 a. 
 
 Mehemet Ali [ma'-hem-et], pasha of Egypt, 
 presents an obelisk to England, XII. 842, 2 c. 
 
 Mehemet Ali , commanding general of the Turk¬ 
 ish army, XIY. 892, 2 b, c; death of, 892, 
 2 a. 
 
 Mehemet, Tewfik [ma'-hem-et], khedive of 
 Egypt, YI. 809, 2 b, 810, 1 c. 
 
 Melbourne observatory [mel'-burn], XII, 845, 
 2 b; XY. 914, 1 a. 
 
 Melikoff : see Loris-Melikoff, X. 863. 
 
 Melville , engineer, American naval officer, I. 
 832, 2 c, 833, 1 a. 
 
 Memphis , Tenn., XY. 918, 1 b. 
 
 Menlo Park, X. J., YI. 807, 1 c. 
 
 Menocal , American engineer, makes surveys for 
 an isthmus canal, IX. 849, 1 ab, 2 b, 851, 2 
 b; his plan, 1 b. 
 
 Mercadier [mair-ca-dea], French natural phi¬ 
 losopher, XIY. 883, 2 c, 884, 2 c. 
 
 Mercedes, Maria de las [mair-sa'-deth], first wife 
 of Alfonso XII., I. 820, 2 a. 
 
 Mercury , planet, XIII. 862, 2 c (ill.), 863; Le- 
 verrier’s theory concerning, 1 c. 
 
 Meriden , Conn., Y. 811, 1 c. 
 
 Merrick, Richard , American lawyer, YI. 814, 
 
 1 b. 
 
 Merritt, Samuel , pedestrian, XIII. 858, 2 b, 
 859, 1 c. 
 
 Merz, telescope maker, XY. 914, 1 b, c, 915, 
 
 1 a, b, c. 
 
 Meshtcherski, Prince , Russian Panslavist, XIII. 
 856, 2 b. 
 
 Mesquit , tree [mes-keet'], YII. 854, 1 a. 
 
 Meteyaed, Eliza, English authoress, XI. 886. 
 
 Metz [mace], city of Alsace-Lorraine, X. 854, 
 
 1 a. 
 
 Meudon [muh-do Dg ] solar observatory , XII. 846, 
 
 2 a; XY. 903, 1 c. 
 
 Mezentzeff, Gen., director of the Russian secret 
 police, XII, 838, 1 a. 
 
 Michael, grand duke of Russia, XIY. 892, 2 a; 
 XY. 890, 2 a. 
 
 Michigan, XI. 886. Population and agricultural 
 products, 1 c; financial condition, 2, 887, 1, 
 2 a; railroads, b; lumber, 888, 1 b; salt, 2 
 b; iron, be; quartz, c; copper, 889, 1 a; 
 schools, b; insane asylum, 2 c; deaf and 
 dumb, 890, 1 a; blind, ab; school report, 
 b ; house of correction, c; state prison, 2 a; 
 principal places, b; forests in, YII. 850, 2 c. 
 
 Michel, Marc [me-shel], French writer, X. 855, 
 2 ab. 
 
 Michelson. His measure of the velocity of light, 
 XY. 905, 2 c, 906, 1 a. 
 
 Microdemes, bacteria, YII. 861, 2 c, 863, 1 b. 
 
 Microphone, an instrument for the detection 
 of faint sounds, XI. 890. 
 
 Microtasimeter (ill.), measure of pressure, XI. 
 891. 
 
 Middletown, Conn., observatory at, XY. 914, 
 1 c. 
 
 Midhat Pasha, Turkish statesman, XI. 891; 
 cruel rigor of, III. 804, 1 a; Turkish consti¬ 
 tution of, XIY. 892, 1 a. 
 
 Milan observatory, XII. 846, 2 b; XY. 915, 
 1 ab. 
 
 Millais, John Everett [mil-la], English painter, 
 XY. 922, 2 be. 
 
 Miller, Lewis, projector of the Chautauqua as¬ 
 sembly, IY. 813, 1 c. 
 
 Miller, Samuel J., American judge, YI. 814, 1 
 a, 815, 1 b. 
 
 Miller, William Hallowes, British mineralo¬ 
 gist, XI. 892. 
 
 Milwau’kee, Wis., XYI. 856, 2 c. 
 
 Milyutin, AT. [mil-yoo'-tin], Panslavist, XIII. 
 856, 1 b. 
 
 Mineral springs of Colorado, Y. 805, 1 a. 
 
 Minneapolis, Minn., XI. 894, 1 a. 
 
 Minnesota, XI. 892. Population and re¬ 
 sources, 1 b; finances, be ; schools, 893, 1 b; 
 institutions of charity and correction, c; 
 banks and insurance companies, 2 a; lumber 
 and agriculture, b ; railroads, c; chief places, 
 894, 1 a; forests of, YII. 850, 2 b, 851, 1 a. 
 
 Mississippi, XI. 894. Population and agricul- 
 
MISSISSIPPI RIVER 
 
 MURCHISON 
 
 837 
 
 tural products, 1 a; school and finances, b; 
 principal places, 2 a; turpentine interest in, 
 VII. 851, 1 c; forests in, 2 c. 
 
 Mississippi river , its mouth deepened, VI. 
 803, 2 a. 
 
 Missouri, XI. 894. Population and resources, 
 2 a; finances, b; schools, 895, 1 b; insane 
 asylum, 2 b. 
 
 Mitchell , director of Vassar college observa¬ 
 tory, XV. 914, 1 c. 
 
 Mivart, St. George, English naturalist, XI. 
 895. 
 
 Moberly , Mo., XI. 895, 2 b. 
 
 Mobile, Ala., I. 813, 1 b. 
 
 Modjeska, Helena Benda, Polish actress, XI. 
 895. 
 
 MolRre [mo-lyair]. Polish translation of his 
 plays, XI. 896, 1 a. 
 
 Molly Maguires, an organization of coal min¬ 
 ers, XI. 896; murders of, 1 c; inciting cause 
 of murders, 2 b; conviction of, c; execution 
 of, ib. 
 
 Monchez, Admiral [mo ng -cha], director of the 
 Paris observatory, XII. 846, 1 c. 
 
 Monckhoven , of the Genth observatory, XV. 
 915, 1 c. 
 
 Monometallism: see Bimetallism. 
 
 Montana [mon-ta'-n&J, territory, XI. 897. 
 Population, 1 a; property, b; resources, c; 
 finances, 2 a; forests in, VII. 852, 2 b, 853, 
 
 1 b. 
 
 Mont Cenis tunnel [mo ng -siih-ne], XIV. 895, 
 1 a. 
 
 Montclair , N. J., observatory at, XV. 915, 
 1 be. 
 
 Monteneqro [mon-ta-na'-gro], war against Tur¬ 
 key, XIV. 891, 2 b. 
 
 Montgomery , Ala. [mont-gum'-e-re], I. 813,1 b. 
 
 Monti, Raffaele, Italian sculptor, XI. 897. 
 
 Montpelier , Vt. [mont-pe'-lyer], XVI. 848, 2 c. 
 
 Moody, D. L ., American preacher, XII. 858, 
 1 a. 
 
 Moon, XI. 898. G. H. Darwin’s theory con¬ 
 cerning, 1 a ; Pickering on light of, b ; Rosse 
 on heat of, be; lunar theories, 2 ah; lunar 
 tables, c. 
 
 Moore , of the Lynn observatory, XV. 915, 1 c. 
 
 Moore, Ann , English faster, VII. 842, 2 c. 
 
 Moore, George H, superintendent of Lenox 
 library, X. 861, 1 a. 
 
 Morbi cutis parasitici , parasitic affections: 
 which see. 
 
 Morbi glandularum cutis , glandular affections: 
 which see. 
 
 Morgan, Calvin , American faster, VII. 842, 
 2 b. 
 
 Morphcea , skin disease, XV. 887, 2 b. 
 
 Morris, Clara, American actress, XI. 899. 
 Morris, Francis Orpen,.English naturalist, XI. 
 899. 
 
 Morris, Philip Richard, English painter, XI. 
 899. 
 
 Morris, Prof., of the university of Michigan. 
 
 His lectures, IX. 865, 2 b. 
 
 Morristown , N. J., XII. 831, 2 a. 
 
 Morton, Oliver Perry, American statesman, 
 XI. 899; one of the electoral commissioners, 
 VI. 814, 1 a, 815, 1 b. 
 
 Morton, Prof His report on electrical bat¬ 
 teries, VI. 816, 2 c. 
 
 Moscow observatory [mos'-ko], XII. 846, 1 c; 
 XV. 914, 1 c. 
 
 Moshesh , king of the Basutos, II. 805, 2 a, b. 
 Mosquito Range [mus-ke'-to], Col., X. 858, 1 a, 
 859, 1 c, 2 b. 
 
 Moth, skin disease, XV. 886, 2 b. 
 
 Mott, Henry A. His experiments with oleo¬ 
 margarine, XII. 851, 1 a; his analysis of 
 butter, 852, 1 b. 
 
 Mouchot [moo-sho], French engineer. His so¬ 
 lar engine, VI. 835, 1 a. 
 
 Mountain lakes , in Colorado, V. 804, 1 a. 
 Mountains , in Alaska, I. 814, 1 b; in the 
 Aleutian islands, 819, 1 b; in Colorado, V. 
 803, 2 a. 
 
 Mount Hamilton , Cal., XII. 844, 2 b. 
 
 Movable platform, VI. 829, 2 a. 
 
 Mowatt, Anna Cora, American actress, V. 825, 
 
 1 c. 
 
 Mower, American soldier, II. 808, 2 a. 
 
 Muhler, Prussian minister of worship, VII. 
 840, 1 c. 
 
 Muir, Peter [mure], Scotch bow maker, I. 823, 
 
 2 c, 824, 2 c; his experiments with bows, 
 829, 2 c; robust health of, 830, 1 c. 
 
 Mukhtar Pasha [mook'-tar], Turkish general, 
 XIV. 893, 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 Mul'ler, Baron von, XIII. 862, 2 a. 
 
 Muller, Orest, Russian journalist, XIII. 856, 2 b. 
 Mummies, found by Prof. Maspero, I. 821, 2 b,c. 
 Munich, Bavaria [mu'-nik], observatory at, XV. 
 914, 1 c. 
 
 Murad V. [moo-rad'], Turkish sultan, XI. 891, 
 2 c; XIV. 891, 2 a, c. 
 
 Murad Efrendi [moo-rad' ef-fen-de], sultan of 
 Turkey as Murad V., XIV. 891, 2 a, c. 
 Murchison, Sir Roderick Impey [mur'-ke-son], 
 British geologist, VII. 857, 2 c. 
 
838 
 
 MURRAY 
 
 NEWTON 
 
 Murray , Prof \, of the Johns Hopkins Univer¬ 
 sity, IX. 865, 2 c. 
 
 Murphy, Nicholas , pedestrian, XIII. 858, 2 c. 
 Museum of Natueal Histoey, New York, 
 XII. 825. 
 
 Musgeave, George, English author, XII. 825. 
 Muske'gon , Mich., XI. 890, 2 b. 
 
 Myer , A. J., I. 809, 2 b. 
 
 Myshkin , nihilist, XII. 837, 2 c. 
 
 Naims , birth-mark, skin affection, XV. 886, 2 c. 
 Nageli, German biologist. Classes bacteria as 
 fungi,VII. 861, 2 c. Bacterial theory, 864,1 b. 
 Nankin', porcelain tower of, XIV. 897, 1 a. 
 Napier , Charles [na-pe-er], at the storming 
 
 of Magdala, XIV. 886, 1 b. 
 
 Naples observatory , XII. 846, 2 b. 
 
 Nares , $ 2 > George 8., English naval officer, I. 
 831, 2 a; announces the impracticability of 
 reaching the North Pole, 832, 1 a. 
 
 Nash'ua , N. H., XII. 830, 1 a. 
 
 Nashville , Tenn., universities at, XV. 917, 1 a, 
 ab; population of, 819, 1 b. 
 
 Na’smyth , of Penshurst observatory, XV. 915, 
 
 1 b. 
 
 Natchez , Miss., XI. 894, 2 a. 
 
 Natterer , Austrian chemist. His experiment 
 with gases, X. 862, 1 c. 
 
 Natural History. Collections of specimens, 
 Verreaux, XII. 825, 1 b. Maximilian, Jay, 
 Hall, Holmes, and De Morgan, c. Davis, 
 Haines, Jackson, Steward, and Jones, 2 a. 
 Naval Academy (U. S.), observatory of, XV. 
 915, 1 b. 
 
 Navez, Francois Joseph [na-va], Belgian 
 painter, XV. 900, 2 b. 
 
 Neal, David, American painter, XII, 825. 
 Nebeaska, XII. 825. Population and products, 
 826, 1 a; finances, b; schools, c; asylums, 
 
 2 a; reform school and boundary, b; chief 
 places, be. 
 
 Nebraska City , Neb., XII. 826, 2 be. 
 
 Neb'uljs, XII. 826; distribution of, according 
 to Proctor, 2 c; parallax of, 827, 1 a; ex¬ 
 amination of, at Washington, b; photo¬ 
 graphic views of, c. 
 
 Neb'ulae Hypothesis, XII. 827. 
 
 Neilson, Lilian Adelaide, English actress, XII. 
 828. 
 
 Neoplasmata: see New Formations. 
 
 Neptune , planet, XIII. 862, 2 c (ill.), 863. 
 Netchayeff,\ nihilist, XII. 835, 2 b; his murder 
 of Ivanoff, 837, 2 b, 838, 1 a. 
 
 Neuro'ses: see Neurotic Affections. 
 
 Neurotic affections , skin disease, XV. 880, 2 
 a, b, 882, 2 b. 
 
 Neuville, Alphonse de [nuh-veel], French 
 painter, XII. 828. 
 
 Nevada [ne-va'-da], XII. 828. Population and 
 products, 2 c; finances, 829, 1 a; schools, 
 b; asylum, be; penitentiary, c; chief places, 
 2 a. 
 
 Nevada , Cal., III. 808, 1 a. 
 
 New Albany , Ind., IX. 846, 1 b. 
 
 Newall , observatory of, XV. 914, 1 b. 
 
 Newark , N. J., XII. 831, 2 c. 
 
 New Bedford, Mass., valuation of, XI. 880, 2 c; 
 population, 882, 1 b. 
 
 New Berne , N. C., XII. 841, 1 a. 
 
 New Brighton , N. Y., XII. 835, 1 b. 
 
 New Britain , Conn., V. 811, 1 c. 
 
 New Brunswick , N. J., XII. 832, 1 a. 
 
 Newburgh , N. Y., XII. 835, 1 b. 
 
 Newcomb, Prof. Simon, of the U. S. naval ob¬ 
 servatory, IX. 865, 2; on the moon, XI. 
 898, 2 c; XIII. 863, 2 b; on the parallax of 
 the sun, XV. 905, 2 c; on the velocity of 
 light, 906, 1 a; on the sun’s eclipse, 907, 
 1 b. 
 
 Newdigate, Brig.-Gen., British soldier, XVI. 
 861, 1 a. 
 
 New formations, skin disease, XV. 880, 2 a, c, 
 889, 1 a. 
 
 New Hampshiee, XII. 829. Population and 
 products, 2 a; finances, b; chief places, 830, 
 
 1 a. 
 
 New Haven , Conn., V. 811,1 c ; oleomargarine 
 factory at, XII. 852, 1 a. 
 
 New Jeesey, XII. 830. Population and re¬ 
 sources, 1 a; schools, b; finances, 2 c; ri¬ 
 parian commission, 831, 1 a; valuation of 
 counties, b ; prisons, be; asylums, 2 a; its 
 fisheries, c; chief places, 832, 1 a. 
 
 New London, Conn., V. 811, 1 c. 
 
 Newmaeket Cave, Va., XII. 832. 
 
 New Mexico, territory, XII. 832 ; cliff-dwell¬ 
 ers in, IV. 818, 2 c; forests in, VII. 852, 
 
 2 b, c, 854, 1 a, b. 
 
 New Orleans, La., school system of, X. 865, 1 
 c; sugar of, 2 b; population, c ; carnival at, 
 XI. 877, 1 a. 
 
 Newport, Ky., IX. 870, 1 a. 
 
 Newport , R. I., polo at, XIII. 865, 1 c, 2 a; 
 population of, XIV. 888, 2 a. 
 
 Newtoh, Alfred P., British painter, XII. 832. 
 
 Newton, H. A., on comets, V. 806, 2 b. 
 
 Newton, Sir Isaac, philosopher, fixes the rela- 
 
NEW WINDSOR 
 
 OHIO 
 
 839 
 
 tive value of gold and silver, II. 810, 2 c; on 
 comets, V. 809, 2 c. 
 
 New Windsor observatory, XV. 915, 1 c. 
 
 New York, XII. 832. Population and prod¬ 
 ucts, 2 c ; finances, 833,1 a ; revenues of the 
 canals, be ; banks, 2 a; insurance companies, 
 c ; charitable institutions, 834, 1 c ; prisons, 
 
 2 b; schools, c ; immigrants, 835, 1 a; chief 
 places, b; forests in, VII. 850, 2 c. 
 
 New YorJc , N. Y., XII. 835, 1 b; obelisk at, 
 843, 844, 1 a; oleomargarine factory in, 851, 
 
 2 a. 
 
 New Zealand, ostrich farming in, XII. 854, 
 
 2 a. 
 
 Nicaragua [ne-ka-ra'-gwa], proposed canal 
 across, IX. 849, 1 a, 2 b; map, 850, 851, 2 c; 
 length of this route, 852, 2 b. 
 
 Nicholas emperor of Russia, on the annexa¬ 
 tion of Egypt by Great Britain, VI. 809, 2 a; 
 Kriegsspiel exhibited to, X. 853, 2 c; pro¬ 
 vokes nihilism, XII. 835, 1 c. 
 
 Nicholas, Alexandrovitch, heir apparent to the 
 Russian throne, I. 820, 2 a. 
 
 Nicholas, grand duke of Russia, XIV. 892, 2 a, 
 893, 2 b; XV. 890, 2 b. 
 
 Nicholas, prince of Montenegro, XIV. 893, 
 
 1 b ‘ 
 
 Nihilism. Revolutionary movement in Russia, 
 XII. 835; origin of, 1 c; promoted by greater 
 educational advantages, 2 a; confined to 
 youth, c ; receives its name from Turgeneff, 
 836,1 a; its leader Bakunin, b; organization 
 of, c; its object, 2 a; spread of, b; its jour¬ 
 nal, c; more practical aims of, 837, 1 a; 
 manifesto of the committee, b; terrorism, 
 c; agents of, 2 b; victims of, c; fires insti¬ 
 gated by, 838, 1 b; attempts on the life of 
 the emperor, ib. ; attempts to crush out, c; 
 journals devoted to, 2 c; Shuvaloff’s check 
 to, XV. 879, 1 b. 
 
 Nihilists, proclamations of, I. 820, 1 a, b, c. 
 Nikonoff, nihilist, XII. 838, 1 b. 
 
 Nitrates, IV. 813, 2 be, 816, 1 b. 
 
 Nobile, Signor, Italian astronomer, XV. 894, 
 1 a. 
 
 Nordenskjold, Adolf Eric [nor'-den-shold], 
 Swedish explorer, I. 833, 2 c. 
 
 Norfolk, Va., XVI. 850, 2 a. 
 
 Norristown , Pa., XIII. 2 b. 
 
 North Carolina, XII. 839. Population, prod¬ 
 ucts, and schools, 1 b; finances, c; railroad, 
 840, 1 a; schools and churches, c ; charities 
 and correction, 2 a; railroads, b; fisheries, 
 banks, and cotton, c; factories and chief 
 
 places, 841, 1 a; forests in, VII. 850, 2 c; 
 turpentine interest, 851, 1 c, 851, 2 c. 
 Norton , Andrews , XIV. 889, 1 b. 
 
 Norwalk, Conn., V. 811, 1 c. 
 
 Norwich, Conn., V. 811, 1 c. 
 
 Nusbaumer [noos-bow-iner], color-hearer, V. 
 806, 1 a. 
 
 Nyssa, tree, VII. 852, 1 a. 
 
 Oak , tree. Red oak, VII. 850,2 b; burr oak, ib., 
 851, 1 b; live oak, c ; water oak, 2 c; other 
 oaks, ib., 852, 1 a; California oaks, 853, 1 c, 
 854, 1 b. 
 
 Oakes, John Wright, English painter, XII. 
 841. 
 
 Oakland, Cal., III. 808, 1 a. 
 
 Obelisk, four-sided pyramid, XII. 841; theories 
 concerning, 1 c ; shape of, 2 a ; construction 
 of, b; at Rome, 842, 1 b; on their ancient 
 sites, 2 b; Cleopatra’s needles, 2 be ; on the 
 way to England, c ; at New York, 843, 844, 
 
 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Obermeier , Dr. [o'-ber-mire], his discoveries of 
 spirilla, VII. 862, 2 a. 
 
 Observatory, XII. 844. At Washington, U. 
 S. A., 1 b; Allegheny and Harvard college, 
 c ; at Chicago, Hamilton college, Ann Arbor, 
 Glasgow (Mo.), and Cincinnati, 2a; at Madi¬ 
 son (Wis.), Albany, and Mount Hamilton, b; 
 of Great Britain, c; at Dublin, Edinburgh, 
 Glasgow, and Kew, 845, 1 b; at Liverpool, 
 Rugby and Stonyhurst, and private, c; at 
 Cape of Good Hope and Melbourne, 2 b; of 
 Germany, c; of Austria, 846, la; of Hun¬ 
 gary, of Leyden, Brussels, and Pulkova, b; 
 at Moscow, Stockholm, Upsal, Copenhagen, 
 and Paris, c; in France and Palermo, 2 a; 
 of Italy, Spain, and Argentine Republic, b. 
 O' Conor, Charles , American lawyer, VI. 814, 
 
 1 b. 
 
 Odysseus [o-dis r -suce], Greek leader, XV. 922, 
 
 2 be. 
 
 (Edipus [ed'-e-pus], XIV. 877, 1 c. 
 
 Ogden, Utah, XVI. 845, 1 c. 
 
 Ogdensburg , N. Y., XII. 835, 1 b. 
 
 6 Gy alia observatory, Hungary, XII. 846, 1 b; 
 XV. 915, 1 c. 
 
 Omo, XII. 846. Population, resources, and 
 debt, 2 c ; financial condition of, 847; banks, 
 2 b; canals, c ; railroads, 848, 1 a ; schools, 
 c; agricultural reports, 2 a; charities, cor¬ 
 rection, and national guard, b; chief places, 
 be. 
 
840 
 
 OHIO RIYER 
 
 PALAIRET 
 
 Ohio river, plan to improve, YI. 804, 2 a. 
 Okecho'bee, Lake , Fla., YII. 846, 1 c. 
 
 O'Leary, Daniel, pedestrian, XIII. 858, 1 a, 2 
 a, c, 860, 1 a. 
 
 Oleomargarine, imitation of butter, XII. 848; 
 invention of, 2 c; process of making, 849, 1 
 a, 849, 850 (ills.) ; export of, 850, 2 b; churn¬ 
 ing of, c; Mott’s process, 851, 1 a; Har¬ 
 ding’s process, c ; manufacturing Oo. in New 
 York, 2 a; profit in, b; other factories, 852, 
 1 a; analysis of, b; appearance under micro¬ 
 scope, c. 
 
 Ollivant, Alfred, English prelate, XII. 852. 
 Olympia, Greece, I. 822, 2 c, 823, 1. 
 
 Olympia, Washington Territory, XYI. 851, 
 1 b. 
 
 Omaha, Neb. [o'-ma-haw], XII. 826, 2 be. 
 O’Neil, Henry, British painter, XII. 852. 
 
 Oom, Capt., director of the Lisbon observatory, 
 XII. 846, 2 b; XY. 914, 1 b. 
 
 Orange, N. J., XII. 832, 1 a. 
 
 Orchardson, William Quiller, British artist, 
 XII. 853. 
 
 Or'egon, XII. 853. Population, resources, and 
 schools, 1 b; exports and assessed values, c; 
 finances, 2 a; charities and correction, b; 
 schools and principal places, c; forests in, 
 YII. 852, 1 b, 2 a, b, c, 853, 1 a, 2 a, b. 
 Ori'on, nebulae of, XII. 827, 1 b; XY. 893, 2 c, 
 913, 2 a. 
 
 Oris'kany, battle of, YIII. 841, 2 a. 
 O’Shaughnessy, Arthur William Edgar, Eng¬ 
 lish poet, XII. 854. 
 
 O’Shaughnessy, Eleanor, wife of the preced¬ 
 ing, 1 a. 
 
 Oshkosh, Wis., XYI. 856, 2 c. 
 
 Osman Pasha, in the Russo-Turkish war, XIY. 
 892, 2 b, c, 893, 1 a, b. 
 
 Osortasen /., king of Egypt, obelisk of, XII. 
 841, 1 c. 
 
 Ostrich, XII. 854; farming of, 1 a; rapid in¬ 
 crease of, c; in Australia, 2 a; in South 
 America, ab; in California, b; import of 
 feathers, be; value of, c; plumes in the wing 
 of, 855, 1 a; clipping of, b; export of wild 
 feathers, c; relative values of the feathers of, 
 
 1 a; life of, c; food of, 856, 1 a; gambols of, 
 b; pairing of, c; kick of, 2 a; heart and 
 brain of, c; sight and hearing of, 857, 1 a; 
 hatching, b; exploded theories about, 2 a. 
 Oswe'go, N. Y., XII. 835, 1 b. 
 
 Oudinot, Achille Francois [oo-de-no], French 
 artist, XII. 857. 
 
 Ouray, chief of the Utes, Y. 805, 2 b. 
 
 Overcomers, a new sect of Christian believers, 
 XII. 857; belief of, 858, 2 a. 
 
 Owen, David Dale, geologist, Y. 826, 1 c; XI. 
 885, 2 c. 
 
 Oxford, English observatory at, XII. 845, 1 a; 
 
 XY. 894, 2 c, 914, 1 c, 915, 1 b. 
 
 Oysters , production in United States, IY. 812, 
 2 a; of Maryland, XI. 878, 1 c; canning of, 
 2 c; dredging for in the Potomac, 879, 1 b, 
 2 a; of New Jersey, XII. 831, 2 c. 
 
 Padu'cah, Ky., IX. 870, 1 a. 
 
 Paintings. Of Bernhardt, II. 809, 1 c; of Cal¬ 
 deron, III. 806, 2 a, b; of Cole, Y. 801, 1 b; 
 of Corot, 816, 2 a; of Daubigny, 825, 1 a; 
 of Defregger, 827, lb; of De Haas, b, c; of 
 Detaille, YI. 801, 1 b; of Diaz, c; of Dupre, 
 802, 1 c; of Faed, YII. 839, 1 b, c; of For¬ 
 tuny, 854, 2 a, 2 b; of Gale, YII. 856; by 
 Gay, 857, 2 c; of Gill, 865, 2 b; of Glaize, 
 c; of Gleyre, YIII. 833, 1 b; of Guy, 838, 
 lb; of Hall, 2b; of Hamilton, be; of 
 Hennessy, 841, lb; of Herkimer, 2 c; of 
 Hicks, 842, 1 ab; of Hill, 2 a; of Holl, 843, 
 
 1 c; of Homer, 2 b ; of Hook, c; of Jacque, 
 IX. 854, 1 c; of Johnson, 867, 2 a; of La 
 Farge, X. 856, la; of Legros, 860, 1 b; in 
 Lenox library, 2 c; of Me Whirter, 869, 2 a; 
 of Makart, XI. 876, 1 a; of Marks, 877, 2 c; 
 of Mason, 879, 2 b; of Mayer, 885 2 b; of 
 Morris, 899, 2 a; of Neal, XII. 825, 2 c; of 
 Neuville, 828, 2 b; of Newton, 832, 2 c; of 
 Oakes, 841, 1 b; of O’Neil, 852, 2 c ; of Or¬ 
 chardson, 853, 1 a; of Oudinot, 857, 2 c; of 
 Palmer, XIII. 855, lb; of Pettie, 861, 2 c; 
 of Phillip, 862, 1 a; of Poynter, 866, 1 a; of 
 Prinsep, 866, 2 a; of Protais, XIY. 877, 1 b ; 
 of Puvis de Chevannes, c; of Quartley, 883, 
 
 2 b ; of Regnault, 886, 2 c; of Reinhart, 887, 
 
 1 a; of Riviere, 889, 2 b; of Sant, 895, 1 c; 
 of Scharf, 2b; of Schirmer, ib. ; of Scott, 
 896, 1 a; of Shattuck, 897, 1 b; of Shirlaw, 
 2b; of Smart, XY. 890, 2 c; of Smillie, 891, 
 
 1 b, c; of Hopkinson Smith, 2 a; of Sonn- 
 tag, b; of Stevens, 900, 2 b; of Stone, c; of 
 Storey, 901, 1 a; of Tatkeleff, 909, 1 c; of 
 A. W. Thompson, 920, lb; of C. G. Thomp¬ 
 son, 2 a; of Jerome Thompson, ib. ; of Tide- 
 mand, 921, 2 a; of Tiffany, ib. ; of Millais, 
 922, 2 be; of Yibert, XYI. 849, 1 a; of Weir, 
 852, 1 b; of Whistler, 854, 2 c; of Whitt- 
 red ge, ib. 
 
 Palairet, II. II., English archer, I. 824, 1 b; 
 
PALERMO 
 
 PICKERING 
 
 841 
 
 member of the Toxophilito society, 825,1 c; 
 his bow, 830, 2 a. 
 
 Palermo observatory [p&-lair'-mo], XII. 846, 
 
 2 a; XV. 915, 1 a. 
 
 Palgrave, William Gifford [pawl-grave], Eng¬ 
 lish traveller, II. 816, 2 a. 
 
 Palisa, Dr., director of the Pola observatory, 
 XII. 846, 1 ab. 
 
 Palm, Baron de [p&m], diplomatist, V. 817, 
 
 1 b, 2 a. 
 
 Palm, tree, VII. 852, 1 b, 854, 1 be. 
 
 Palmek, Samuel, English artist, XIII. 855. 
 Panama [pan-a-ma], proposed ship railway 
 across, VI. 804, 2 b: see Isthmus Canal, 
 IX. 848. 
 
 Panchot, Peter J., pedestrian, XIII. 858, 2 c. 
 Panslav'ism, a political movement, XIII. 855; 
 its aims, 1 b; in Austria, c ; in Russia, 2 b; 
 in Poland, 856,1 a; congress at Moscow, b; 
 its influence on the eastern question, c; in 
 Bulgaria, 2 b. 
 
 Papal infallibility, German feeling against, 
 VII. 839, 2 c, 840, 1 a. 
 
 Papua, New Guinea [pa-poo'-a], V. 822, 1 c. 
 Paraf introduces oleomargarine in the United 
 States, XII. 850, 2 c. 
 
 Parallax of tlie sun, XV. 905, 2 ab; XVI. 845, 
 
 2 c, 846, 2 c. 
 
 Parasites , on the army worm, I. 838, 2 c; on 
 man, XV. 881, 1 a. 
 
 Parasitic affections of the shin, XV. 880, 1 a, 
 2 b, 881, 1 a. 
 
 Paris, France, obelisk at, XII. 842, 2 b; ob¬ 
 servatory at, 846,1 c; XV. 914, 1 c. 
 
 Parher, Theodore , American clergyman, XIV. 
 889, 1 a. 
 
 Parhersburg, TV. Va., XVI. 854, 2 a. 
 
 Parry, inventor, XV. 899, 2 a. 
 
 Pasini, Albert, French painter, XV. 920, 1 b. 
 Pasteur, Louis [pas-tur], French chemist, VII. 
 861, 1 a. Discovery of microphytes in malig¬ 
 nant pustule and puerperal fever, 864, 1 a. 
 Paterson, N. J., XII. 832, 1 a. 
 
 Patience, games of, XIV. 882, 2 c. 
 
 Pavloff, volcano, Alaska, I. 814, 1 b. 
 Pavlovitch, Peho, insurrectionist, XIV. 891, 
 1 a. 
 
 Pawtuchet, R. I., XIV. 888, 2 a. 
 
 Payne, Henry B., American statesman, VI. 814, 
 1 a, 815, 1 b. 
 
 Peabody institute, Baltimore, Md., IX. 865,1 a. 
 Peanuts, XVI. 850, 1 c. 
 
 Pearson, Col., British soldier, XVI. 860,1 a, c, 
 861, 1 a. 
 
 Pedestrianism, XIII. 856; antiquity of, 2 c; 
 running footmen, 857, lb; in England, c; 
 Mensen, Ernst, 2 b; Weston, c; O’Leary, 
 858, 1 a; challenge belt, b; “go-as-you- 
 please ” race, c; at Gilmore’s garden, 2 a; 
 records of, 859, 1 a; course for races, b; 
 costume, 2 a; trainers and diet, b; training, 
 c; man against horses, ib. ; of armies, 860, 
 
 1 b. 
 
 Pedgery, XIII. 862, 1 c. 
 
 Pendergast, historian, XIV. 890, 2 b. 
 
 Pendleton, George H, candidate for governor 
 of Ohio, VIII. 840, 1 ab. 
 
 Pennel, Henry Cholmondely, English author, 
 XIII. 860. 
 
 Pennsylvania, XIII. 860. Population, 1 be. 
 Resources and debt, c. Taxes, 2 a. Schools, 
 c. Penitentiaries, 861, 1 b. Hospitals and 
 life insurance, c. Geological survey, 2 a. 
 Chief places, ab. Forests in, VII. 850, 2 c. 
 Pensacola, Fla., VII. 846, 2 b, 847, 1 a. 
 Penshurst observatory, XV. 915, 1 b. 
 
 Peoria, Ill., IX. 844, 1 a. 
 
 Perry, Stephen Joseph, English astronomer, 
 XIII. 861; XII. 845, 1 c. 
 
 Peru [pa-roo'J: see Chili, Peru, and Bolivia, 
 war between. 
 
 Peter /., the Great, emperor of Russia, Schuy¬ 
 ler’s Life of, XIV. 896, 1 a. 
 
 Peters, C. H. T., director of the Litchfield ob¬ 
 servatory, XII. 844, 2 a; XV. 896, 2 b, 914, 
 
 1 b. Transit of Venus, XVI. 846, 2 c. 
 Petersburg , Va., XVI. 850, 2 a. 
 
 Pettie, John, British painter, XIII. 861. 
 Pharaoh [fa'-ro], king of Egypt, discoveries 
 relating to, I. 822, 1 b. 
 
 Pliayre, Gen., at the siege of Candahar, I. 812, 
 1 a. 
 
 Phelps. His telephone, XV. 910, 2 c (ill.), 911, 
 
 1 c. 
 
 Phid'ias. His statue of Jupiter, XIV. 896, 2 c. 
 Philadelphia, Pa., oleomargarine factory at, 
 XII. 852, 1 a; population of, XIII. 861, 2 ab. 
 Phillip, John, British painter, XIII. 861. 
 
 Phiz , pen-name: see Browne, Hablot Knight. 
 Phonograph, VI. 807, 2 b. 
 
 Phonometer , instrument for measuring the 
 force of sound, VI. 807, 2 a. 
 
 Phosphate deposits , of South Carolina, XV. 
 892, 2 b, 893, 1 ab. 
 
 Photophone, XIII. 862; XIV. 883, 2 b, 884, 
 
 2 c, 885, 1 c. 
 
 Pickering, Prof. E. C. His new method of 
 searching for nebulae, XII. 827, 2 b; direct- 
 
842 
 
 PICKERING 
 
 PROTAIS 
 
 or of Harvard college observatory, 844,1 c; 
 XIII. 864, 1 b. On variable stars, XV. 895, 
 
 1 c, 2 a, 914, 1 b. 
 
 Pickering, IF. H., on moonlight, XI, 898,1 b. 
 Pictet, Raoul [peek-ta], Swiss chemist, lique¬ 
 fies the “ permanent ” gases, X. 862, 2 a. 
 Pierola, Nicholas de , dictator of Peru, IY. 814, 
 
 2 b; makes a call to defend Lima, 815, 1 b, 
 2 a, b. 
 
 Pierson, William H., American inventor, IY. 
 801, 2 b, 802, 1 a. 
 
 Pifre , Abel [peefr], French engineer. His solar 
 engine, VI. 835, 1 c. 
 
 Piloty, Karl Theodor von [pe-lo-te], German 
 painter, Y. 827,1 a; XI. 876,1 a; XII. 825, 2 c. 
 Pimples , skin disease, XY. 882, 1 a. 
 
 Pine, tree, VII. 850, 1 c, 2 b, c, 851, 1 a, 
 
 852, 2 a. Yellow pine, c. Twisted pine, 
 
 853, 1 a. Sugar pine, 2 a, c, 854, 1 b. 
 
 Pisa, leaning tower of, XIY. 897, 1 a. 
 
 Pistor, telescope maker, XY. 915, 1 ab. 
 Pitman , B?nn, phonographer, Y. 817, 2 a. 
 
 Jane, wife of the above, cremated at Wash¬ 
 ington, Pa., ib. 
 
 Pittsburgh , Pa., oleomargarine factory at, XII. 
 852, 1 a; population of, XIII. 861, 2 ab; 
 observatorv near, XY. 914, 1 c. 
 
 Pituki, a sedative, XIII. 862. 
 
 Pitury: see Pituei. 
 
 Pius VI., pope, XII. 842, 2 a. 
 
 Pius VII., pope, XII, 842, 2 a. 
 
 Pius IX., pope of Rome, VII. 840, 1 b; X. 
 861, 1 b. 
 
 Planets, relations of, XIII. 862. Their dis¬ 
 tance from the sun, 2 be. Brightness of, c. 
 Comparative sizes (ills.), 863, 1 a. Sup¬ 
 posed intra-mercurial planet, c. Satellites 
 of Mars, 864,1 a. Red spot of Jupiter (ills.), 
 2 b. Rotation of Saturn, 865, 1 be. 
 
 Plante, Gaston [pla ng -ta], French electrician, 
 YI. 815, 2 b. 
 
 Plattsmouth, Neb., XII. 826, 2 be. 
 
 Pleurisy, relieved by jaborandi, IX. 854, 1 a. 
 Plevna, Russian defeat at, XIY. 892, 2 c; 
 siege of, 893, 1 a. 
 
 Plin'y, on stone quarrying, XII. 841, 2 c. His 
 description of a ship, 842, 1 c. 
 
 Pneumatic cars, YI. 829, 2 a. 
 
 Poe, Edgar Allen, American poet. Translated 
 by Baudelaire, II. 806, 1 b, c. 
 
 Pogod'in, Russian Panslavist, XIII. 856, 2 a. 
 Pogrumnaia, volcano, Alaska, I. 814, 1 b. 
 Pogson, of the Madras observatory, XY. 915, 
 1 a, c. 
 
 Poitevin [pwat-va ng ]. His discoveries in pho¬ 
 tography, VIII. 840, 2 ab. 
 
 Pola observatory, XII. 846, 1 ab. 
 
 Polk, Mrs. James K., Tennessee’s preferred 
 creditor, XY. 916, 2 c. 
 
 Polo, a game on horseback, XIII. 865. Intro¬ 
 duced in England and the United States, 1 c. 
 Match games, 2 a. Object of game, ib. 
 Westchester Club rules, b. 
 
 Ponsard [po ng -sar]. His steel process, XV. 900, 
 1 b. 
 
 Pope, John, American soldier, XY. 902, 2 c. 
 Porcupine men, XY. 887, 1 c. 
 
 Port Jervis , N. Y., XII. 835, 1 b. 
 
 Portland, Me., XI. 875, 1 c. 
 
 Portland, Oregon, XII. 853, 2 c. 
 
 Portsmouth, N. H., XII. 830, 1 a. 
 
 Portsmouth, Ohio, XII. 848, 2 b. 
 
 Portsmouth, Va., XYI. 850, 2 a. 
 
 Port Townsend, Washington territory, XYI. 
 851, 1 b. 
 
 Positivist school, VIII. 839, 2 a. 
 
 Potsdam observatory, XII. 846, 1 a; XY. 914, 
 1 c, 915, 1 b. 
 
 Pottsville, Pa., XIII. 861, 2 b. 
 
 Poughkeepsie, N. Y. [po-kip'-se], XII. 835, 1 b. 
 Powell, Foster, pedestrian, XIII. 857, 1 be. 
 Powell, Morgan, superintendent of Lehigh and 
 Wilkesbarre Coal Company, XI. 896, 2 a, c. 
 Poynter, Edward John, English painter, XIII. 
 866 . 
 
 Prado, president of Peru, IY. 814, 2 b. 
 
 Pratt, Gapt. Arthur , Chilian naval officer, IY. 
 814, 1 b. 
 
 Preece, IF. H., English natural philosopher, 
 XIY. 883, 2 c. 
 
 Prescott, capital of Arizona, I. 834, 2 c, 835, 
 1 c. 
 
 Pribiloff islands, I. 819, 1 a, 2 b. 
 
 Price, Bonamy, English political economist, 
 XIII. 866. 
 
 Primrose, Gen., at the siege of Candahar, I. 
 812, 1 a. 
 
 Prinsep, Valentine C., English painter, XIII. 
 
 866 . 
 
 Pritchard, C., director of the Savilian observa¬ 
 tory, XII. 845, 1 a ; XV. 914, 1 a, c. 
 Pritchett, H. S., director of the Glasgow (Mo.) 
 observatory, XII. 844, 2 a; XIII. 865, 1 a; 
 XV. 914, 1 c. 
 
 Proctor, Richard Anthony, English astronomer, 
 XII. 826, 2 c. 
 
 Protais, Paul Alexandre [pro-ta], French paint¬ 
 er, XIY. 877. 
 
FROUT 
 
 REVOLUTIONARY ALLIANCE 843 
 
 Prout, William , Scotch physician, describes a 
 dry fog, V. 823, 2 a. 
 
 Providence , R. I., oleomargarine factory at, XII. 
 852, 1 a; population, XIV. 888, 2 a; ob¬ 
 servatory at, XV. 915, 1 b. 
 
 Prurigo , skin disease, XV. 885, 1 c. 
 
 Pruritus, or itching, skin disease, XV. 882, 
 2 c. 
 
 Puckler-Muskau, Hermann Ludwig Heinrich 
 von, prince [piik'-ler-moos'-kow], German 
 author, XIII. 857, 2 be. 
 
 PuTkova observatory [pool-ko-va], XII. 846,1 b; 
 XV. 914, 1 b, 915, 1 b. 
 
 Pulleine, Lieut.-Col., British soldier, XVI. 860, 
 2 b. 
 
 Punjaul)' University, X. 860, 1 c. 
 
 Pur'pura, or the “purples,” XV. 886,1 b. 
 
 Putiatin, Russian admiral, minister of instruc¬ 
 tion, XII. 835, 2 a. 
 
 Puvis de Chevannes, Pierre, French painter, 
 XIV. 877. 
 
 Puzzles, XIV. 877; antiquity of, 1 c; magic 
 squares, 878, 1 a; odd-numbered squares, c; 
 even-numbered squares, 879, 1 b; conun¬ 
 drums, and the ring puzzle, 880, 2 b (ill.); 
 oblong ring, c (ill.), 881, 1 a; Love's puzzle 
 (ill.), 2 b; scissors and cord (ill.), c; heart 
 and ball (ill.), 882, 1 a ; card puzzle (ills.), b; 
 Japanese puzzle and solitaire (ill.), 2 a; pa¬ 
 tience, buried cities, rebus, and enigma, c; 
 fifteen or gem puzzle, 883, 1 a (ill.). 
 
 Pyaemia, VII. 863, 2 c. 
 
 Pyroxyline (gun-cotton) [pir-ox'-e-lm], IV. 
 802, 2 a. 
 
 Quartley, Arthur, American painter, XIV. 
 883. 
 
 Quebec observatory, XV. 915, 1 b. 
 
 Quincy , Ill., IX. 844, 1 a. 
 
 Rabillon, Prof. [ra-be-yo ng ], of Johns Hopkins 
 University. His lectures, IX. 865, 2 c. 
 Racine, Wis., XVI. 856, 2 c. 
 
 Radclijfe observatory, at Oxford, England, XII. 
 
 845, 1 a; XV. 894, 2 c, 915, 1 b. 
 
 RadetzJcy, Gen., Russian soldier, XIV. 892, 2 c, 
 893, 2 b. 
 
 Radiophone, XIV. 884, 2 c. 
 
 Radiophony, XIV. 883 (ills.), 884,1; the spec¬ 
 troscope, 2 ab (ill.), 885, 1 ; definition, c. 
 Rain, storms of colored, V. 824, 1 b. 
 
 Raleigh, N. C. [raw'-le], XII. 841,1 a. 
 
 Ralston, William Ralston Shedden, English 
 author, XIV. 885. 
 
 Ram'eses II., king of Egypt, XII. 842, 2 b. 
 Randall, Samuel Jpukson, American states¬ 
 man, XIV. 885. 
 
 Ranyard, on the sun’s eclipse, XV. 907, 1 a. 
 Raphall, Morris Jacob, rabbi, XIV. 885. 
 Rapieff, French electrician. His electric lamp 
 (ill.), VI. 821, 1. 
 
 Rassam', Hormuzd, British archaeologist, XIV. 
 886 ; I. 822, 1 b. 
 
 Rat, one of the Aleutian islands, I. 818, 2 c. 
 Raymond, Capt., U. S. engineer corps, XVI. 
 846, 2 c. 
 
 Raymond, John T., American actor, XIV. 886. 
 Rea, A. W. [ray], superintendent of colliery, 
 killed by Molly Maguires, XI. 896, 2 a, b, c. 
 Reading, Pa. [red'-ing], XIII. 861, 2 ab. 
 
 Rebus, XIV. 882, 2 c. 
 
 Reclus, French naval officer. Makes examina¬ 
 tions for an isthmus canal, IX. 849, 1 b, 2 a, 
 b, c, 851, 1 a, c, 2 b, 852, 2 c. 
 
 Red mangrove, tree, VII. 852, 1 ab. 
 
 Redoubt, volcano, Alaska, I. 814, 1 b. 
 
 Red-wood, tree, VII. 853, 2 b. 
 
 Reed, T. G., English composer, VII. 865, 1 b. 
 Reese, Jacob, American inventor, VII. 856, 
 
 1 a. 
 
 Regnault, Alexandre Georges Henri [ruh-no], 
 French painter, XIV. 886. 
 
 Reid, Dr. His steam-heating apparatus, XV. 
 897, 2 be. 
 
 Reinhart, Benjamin Franklin, American 
 painter, XIV. 886. 
 
 Reinhart, Charles S., American artist, XIV. 
 887. 
 
 ReinTcens, Bishop, VII. 841, 1 a. 
 
 Reiss, Philip [rice], German electrician, XV. 
 909, 2 b. His telephone, 912, 2 a (ills.), 1 c, 
 
 2 c. 
 
 Reiswitz, baron von [fon-rice-vitz], Prussian 
 soldier, X. 853, 2 c. 
 
 Remsen, Prof, of the Johns Hopkins Univer¬ 
 sity, IX. 865, 2 c. 
 
 Repousse: [ruh-poos-sa], a process of working 
 in metals, XIV. 887 (ill.)* 
 
 Repsold, telescope maker, XV. 915, 1 b, c. 
 Reptiles, spawn of, conveyed by storms, V. 
 824, 2 a. 
 
 Reuter, Baron Paul Julius [roi'-ter], founder 
 of the “Reuter Telegraphic Agency,” XIV. 
 887. 
 
 Revolutionary alliance, international Euro¬ 
 pean, XII. 836, 1 c. 
 
844 
 
 REYNIER 
 
 RUSSO-TURKISH WAR 
 
 Eeynier, Emile [ra-ne-a-]. His electric lamp, 
 YI. 822, 1 b (ill.); his new lamp, 2 b, c 
 (ill.). 
 
 Reynolds, Sir Joshua [ren'-ulz], English paint¬ 
 er, X. 860, 2 c. 
 
 Rhamnus Purshiana, a shrub, XI Y. 888. 
 
 Rheumatism, relief for, XIV. 895, lb. % 
 
 Rhinoscleroma, XV. 889, 2 c. 
 
 Rhode Island, XIV. 888. Population and 
 agricultural productions, 1 a; finances, banks, 
 and schools, b; charities and correction, c; 
 railways and chief places, 2 a. 
 
 Rhodes, colossus at, XIY. 896, 2 c. 
 
 Rice crop of United States, IY. 809, 1 a. 
 
 Richards, E. Windsor, XV. 900, 1 b. 
 
 Richards, Miss, pedestrian, XIII. 857, 1 c. 
 
 Richmond, Ind., IX. 846, 1 b. 
 
 Richmond, Va., XYI. 850, 2 a. 
 
 Rieger, at the Panslavic Congress, XIII. 856, 
 1 be. 
 
 Riley, Charles Valentine , American entomolo¬ 
 gist, I. 887, 2 b. 
 
 Ringworm, cure for, VIII. 834, 2 c; skiu dis¬ 
 ease, XV. 881, 1 a, 2 a, 888, 1 b. 
 
 Ripley, George, American scholar, XIY. 889. 
 
 Riviere, Briton, English painter, XIY. 889. 
 
 Roberts, Capt.: see Hobart Pasha, YIII. 843, 
 
 1 a. 
 
 Roberts, Sir Frederick, English general. In 
 Afghanistan, I. 810, 2 a, b; fortress of Ma- 
 toon surrenders to, 811,1 a; occupies Cabool, 
 
 2 b, c; brilliant success at Candahar, 812, 1 
 a, b, 2 a. 
 
 Robertson, T. W., English dramatic author, 
 VII. 865, 1 a. 
 
 Robertson, William H., V. 810,1 c. His nomi¬ 
 nation for collector of the port of New 
 York, VII. 856, 2 c. 
 
 Rochester, N. Y., XII. 835, 1 b; observations 
 at, XY. 908, 1 b, c, 914, 1 b, 915, 1 c. 
 
 Rockford, Ill., IX. 844, 1 a. 
 
 Rock Island, Ill., IX. 844, 1 a. 
 
 Rockwell, American physician, II. 807, 1 b, c. 
 
 Rockwood, Prof, on the sun’s eclipse, XY. 906, 
 2 c. 
 
 Rodgers, John , American naval officer. At 
 Corea, Y. 815, 2b; superintendent of naval 
 observatory, XII. 844, 1 b. 
 
 Rodman, W. B., American statesman, XY. 922, 
 
 1 be. 
 
 Roe, Edward Payson, American author, XIY. 
 889. 
 
 Roe'bling, John A., American engineer, YI. 
 804, 2 c. 
 
 Roe'bling, Washington A., American engineer, 
 YI, 804, 2 c, 806, 1 b, 2 a. 
 
 Rogers, J. A., of the naval observatory, XY. 
 907, 1 b. 
 
 Roitenstein , nihilist, XII. 838, 1 b. 
 
 Rome, Italy, obelisks at, XII. 842, 1 b; obser¬ 
 vatory at, 846, 2 b; XY. 915, 1 b. 
 
 Rome, N. Y., XII. 835, 1 b; coliseum at, XIV. 
 897, 1 a. 
 
 Rontgen , W. E, on light, XIY. 883, 2 c. 
 
 Roon, Albrecht Theodor Emil, count von, 
 German soldier and statesman, XIY. 890, 
 
 1 a. 
 
 Roqueplan, Joseph Etienne Camille [ruk-pla ng ], 
 French painter, XY. 900, 2 b. 
 
 Rosetti, on solar temperature, XY. 906, 2 a. 
 Ross, telescope maker, XY. 915, 1 c. 
 Ross-Churoh, Florence Marryat, English au¬ 
 thoress, XIY. 890. 
 
 Rosse, William Parsons, earl of, astronomer, 
 on the heat of the moon, XI. 898, 1 be, 2 a; 
 his observatory at Parsonstown, XII. 845, 
 
 2 ab ; XY. 914, 1 a. 
 
 Rossetti, William Michael, English author, 
 XIY. 890. 
 
 Round island, one of the Thousand islands, XY. 
 921, 1 a. 
 
 Rousseau, Theodore [roo-so], French painter, 
 Y. 816, 2 a. 
 
 Rowell, Charles, athlete, XIII. 858, 1 c, 2 a, b, 
 c, 859, 1 b. 
 
 Rowland, Dr., of Johns Hopkins University, 
 IX. 866, 2 a. Solar photographs, XY. 905, 
 1 a. 
 
 Rowlands, Colonel, British soldier, XYI. 860, 
 
 1 b. 
 
 Rugby, Tennessee, Hughes’s colony at, XY. 
 918, 1 a. 
 
 Rugby observatory, XY. 915, 1 b. 
 
 Rumker, G., director of the Hamburg observa¬ 
 tory, XII. 845, 2 c. 
 
 Ruskin, John , English author, XIII. 855, 1 b; 
 
 on Whistler, XYI. 854, 2 b. 
 
 Russel, Sir Baker, English soldier, YI. 812, 
 
 2 c. 
 
 Russell, of the Sydney observatory, XY. 915, 
 1 b. 
 
 Russell, Charles William, Irish historian, XIY. 
 890. 
 
 Russia. Its attitude toward Bulgaria, III. 
 804, 1. 
 
 Russo-Turkish War, XIY. 890; cause of, 2 c; 
 promises of the sultan, 891, 1 a; proposals 
 of the insurrectionists, b; demands of the 
 
RUSTCHUK 
 
 SCHIRMIR 
 
 845 
 
 great powers, c; Great Britain’s course, c, 
 
 2 a; Servia and Montenegro declare war 
 against Turkey, b ; suspension of hostilities, 
 c; conference at Constantinople, 892, 1 a; 
 protocol signed at London, b; rejected by 
 the porte, c; Russia declares war against 
 Turkey, ib. ; Russians on the Danube, 2 a; 
 their successes, b; and defeats, c; siege of 
 Plevna, 893, 1 a; three armies invade Tur¬ 
 key, c; Alexander concludes an armistice, 
 2 b; provisions of the treaty, c; European 
 dissatisfaction with the San Stefano treaty, 
 894, la; its modifications, b. 
 
 Rustchuk , Bulgaria [roos-chook'J, III. 803,1 a. 
 
 Rutherfurd, Lewis Morris [ru^A'-er'-furd], 
 American inventor, XIY. 894; XV. 894, 2 
 b. His solar photographs, 905,1 a; observa¬ 
 tory of, 914, 1 c. 
 
 Rutland , Vt., XYI. 848, 2 c. 
 
 Ryan , commander U. S. navy, XYI. 846, 1 c. 
 
 Ryle, John Charles, English author, XIY. 894. 
 
 Sabine, Gen. [sab'-in], on sun-spots, XY. 904, 
 1 b. 
 
 Sacramento , Cal., III. 808, 1 a. 
 
 Sadyk Pasha , minister of finance in Egypt, VI. 
 809, 2 a. 
 
 Sag'inaw , Mich., XI. 890, 2 b. 
 
 Sahmi, Mahmoud, Egyptian soldier, banished 
 with Arabi Ahmed Pasha, I. 821, 2 a. 
 
 Said Pasha [sa-eed' pa-sha], I. 821, 1 a. 
 
 St. Albans, Vt., XYI. 848, 2 c. 
 
 St. Elias, Mount, Alaska, I. 814, 1 a, b. 
 
 Saint Got'hard Tunnel, XIY. 894. 
 
 St. Johnsbury, Vt., XYI. 848, 2 c. 
 
 St. Joseph, Mo., XI. 895, 1 a, 2 b. 
 
 Saint Leger, Lieut.-Col., British soldier, VIII. 
 841, 1 c. 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. [loo'-is], XI. 894, 2 c, 895, 2 b; 
 oleomargarine factory at, XII. 852, 1 a; 
 university at, XY. 915, 1 c. 
 
 St. Michaels, Alaska, I. 816, 1 b. 
 
 St. Paul, Alaska, I. 816, 1 b. 
 
 St. Paul, Minn., XI. 894, 1 a. 
 
 Sale, Gen., I. 811, 1 a. 
 
 Salem, Mass., valuation of, XI. 880, 2 c; popu¬ 
 lation of, 882, 1 b. 
 
 Salem, Oregon, XII. 854, 1 a. 
 
 Salicylate of Sodium, XIV. 895. 
 
 Salonica [sa-lo-ne'-ka], Turkey, outrage at, 
 XIY. 891, 1 b. 
 
 Salt, in Iowa, IX. 848, 1 a; in Michigan, XI. 
 888, 2 b. 
 
 Salt Lake City, Utah, XYI. 845, 1 c. 
 
 Samarin, Yuri, founder of Panslavism, XIII. 
 855, 2 c, 856, 1 a. 
 
 San Antonio, Texas, wool of, XV. 919, 1 c; 
 population, 920, 1 b. 
 
 Sand bars, formation of, IX. 856, 1 c; incon¬ 
 venience of, 857, 1 b. 
 
 Sanderson , Dr. Burdon. His theory of bacteria, 
 VII. 861, 2 c, 863, 1 a, c, 864, 1 b. 
 
 Sandusky, Ohio, XII. 848, 2 b. 
 
 San Francisco, Cal., III. 808, 1 a. 
 
 Sanger, Thomas, killed by Molly Maguires, 
 
 XI. 896, 2 ab, c. 
 
 San Jose [ho-saj, Cal., III. 808, 1 a. 
 
 San Juan river [san- k hwan], clifi* dwellers on, 
 IY. 818, 1 c, 2 a, 819, 1 a, 820, 1 a. 
 
 San Stefano [sta'-fa-no], treaty of, XIY. 893,2 b. 
 Santa Fe, X. M. [fa], XII. 832, 2 c. 
 
 Sant, James, British artist, XIY. 895. 
 
 Santley, Charles, English singer, XIY. 895. 
 Sarco'ma, skin disease, XY. 890, 1 c. 
 
 Sassafras, tree, VII. 852, 1 a. 
 
 Sassulitch, Vera, nihilist. Her crime and sen¬ 
 tence, XII. 837, 2 c, 838, 1 a. 
 
 Satsuma, Japan [sat-soo'-ma], Y. 815, 2 c, 816, 
 1 ab. 
 
 Saturn, planet, XIII. 862, 2 c (ill.), 863 ; rota¬ 
 tion of, 865, 1 be; XV. 913, 2 a. 
 
 Saunders, William, founder of the society of 
 Grangers, VIII. 835, 2 a. 
 
 Savannah, Ga., VII. 860, 2 b. 
 
 Savilian observatory of Oxford University, 
 
 XII. 845, 1 a. 
 
 Sayce, Archibald Henry, English philologist, 
 XIY. 895. 
 
 Scabies, or itch [ska-be-eez], as a skin disease, 
 XY. 880, 1 a. 
 
 Schadow [sh&'-do], German painter, XY. 921, 
 
 1 c. 
 
 Scharf, George, English artist, XIY. 895. 
 Scheffer, Henri [shefr'J, French painter, XIY. 
 877, 1 b. 
 
 Schenectady , X. Y. [ske-nek'-ta-de], XII. 835, 
 1 b. 
 
 Schiaparelli, director of the Milan observatory, 
 XII. 846, 2 b; XIII. 864, 2 a; XV. 894, 2 
 a, 915, 1 ab. 
 
 Schilder-Schuldner, Gen., Russian officer, XIY. 
 892, 2 be. 
 
 Schiller, Johann Christoph Friederich von 
 [shil'-ler], German poet. Polish translations 
 of his plays, XI. 896, 1 a. 
 
 Schirmie, Johann Vilhelm [sheem'-ir], Ger¬ 
 man landscape painter, XIY. 895. 
 
846 
 
 SCHMIDT 
 
 SHERMAN 
 
 Schmidt , of the Athens observatory, XV. 895, 
 1 b, 915, 1 c. 
 
 Schonfeld, Dr. [shon'-felt], Y. 808, 1 b; direct¬ 
 or of the Bonn observatory, XII. 845. 2 c; 
 XV. 895, 2 be, 896, 1 a, 915, 1 c. 
 
 Schrader [shra-der], telescope maker, XV. 914, 
 1 a. 
 
 Schroder [shro-der], telescope maker, XV. 914, 
 1 c. 
 
 Schrbter [shro-ter], observatory of, XY. 914, 
 1 a. 
 
 Schultz, Hermann [sliooltz], director of the 
 Upsal observatory, XII. 846, 1 c; XY. 915, 
 1 a. 
 
 Schuster, Dr. A. [shoos-ter], on the sun’s 
 eclipse, XY. 907, 2 b. 
 
 Schuyler, Eugene [skl'-ler], American author, 
 XIY. 895. As secretary of legation at Con¬ 
 stantinople, 891, 2 a. 
 
 SchwatJca, Frederick [shwat'-ka], lieutenant in 
 U. S. cavalry, commands an expedition to 
 the Arctic regions, I. 834, 1 c. 
 
 Schweinfurth, Georg A. [shwine'-foort], Ger¬ 
 man traveller, I. 812, 2 a. 
 
 Scleroderma , or hide-bound skin, XY. 887, 2 a. 
 
 Scott, Julian, American artist, XIY. 896. 
 
 Scott, Prof., of the Johns Hopkins University, 
 IX. 865, 2 c. 
 
 Scott-Siddons, Mary Frances, English actress, 
 XIY. 896. 
 
 Scranton, Pa., population of, XIII. 861, 2 ab. 
 
 Scrofuloderma, XV. 889, 2 c. 
 
 Scurvy, XV. 886, 1 b. 
 
 Seagrave, F. H., of the Providence observa¬ 
 tory, XY. 915, 1 b. 
 
 Seaton, Charles IF., superintendent of tenth 
 U. S. census, IY. 805, 1 b. 
 
 Seattle, Washington territory, XYI. 851, 1 b. 
 
 Secchi [sek'-ke], ex-director of the Roman ob¬ 
 servatory, XII. 846, 2 b; XY. 896, 1 b. 
 On photosphere, 903, 1 c. On the solar 
 temperature, 906, 1 b. 
 
 Secocoeni, south African chief, XYI. 861, 2 b. 
 
 Secretan, telescope maker, XY. 914, 1 c, 915, 
 1 a. 
 
 Sedalia, Mo., XI. 895, 2 b. 
 
 Seely, Charles A., American inventor, IY. 802, 
 1 a. 
 
 Seelye, Julius Hawtrey, American educator, 
 XIY. 896. 
 
 Seguam, one of the Aleutian islands, I. 818, 2 c. 
 
 Selenium, used in the photophone, XIII. 862, 
 1 b. 
 
 Selfridge, Commander, examines the routes for 
 
 the Isthmus canal, IX. 849, 1 a; 851, 1 a; 
 his tide-level project, b. 
 
 Selma, Ala., I. 813, 1 b. 
 
 Semichi, islets in the Aleutian group, I. 818, 
 2 c. 
 
 Semisopochnoi, volcano, Alaska, I. 814, 1 b, 
 818, 2 c, 819, 1 b. 
 
 Septicaemia, YII. 863, 1 a. 
 
 Serpa-Pinto, Alexander Albert da Rocha, 
 Portuguese explorer, XIY. 896. 
 
 Servia. War against Turkey, XIY. 891, 2 b. 
 Seven Wonders of the World, XIY. 896. 
 Sewanee, Tenn., university of, XY. 917, 1 a. 
 Seymour, Beauchamp, British admiral, bom¬ 
 bards Alexandria, YI. 811, 2 a. 
 
 Sforza, Duke Sisto Riario [sfor'-tsa], X. 861, 
 
 1 b. 
 
 Shaftesbury, Lord [shafts'-ber-e]. His argu¬ 
 ment for cremation, Y. 817, 1 a. 
 
 Shairp, John Campbell, Scottish author, XIY. 
 897. 
 
 Shakespeare, William, English dramatist. Po¬ 
 lish translations of his plays, XI. 896, 1 a. 
 Shakhovski, Prince, Russian soldier, XIV. 892, 
 
 2 c. 
 
 Shalmaneser III., XIY. 886, 1 be. 
 
 Shattuck, Aaron D., American painter, XIY. 
 897. 
 
 Shaw, Henry W. (Josh Billings), American 
 humorist, XIY. 897. 
 
 Shaw, Robert G., American soldier, X. 861,1 c. 
 Sheboygan, Wis., XYI. 856, 2 c. 
 
 Shefket Pasha, “the butcher of Bulgaria,” 
 XIY. 893, 1 ab. 
 
 Shelbyville college (U. S.), observatory at, XY. 
 915, 1 b. 
 
 Shelley, Percy Bysshe, English poet, crema¬ 
 tion of, Y. 818, 1 b; XIY. 890, 1 b; XY. 
 922, 2 b. 
 
 Shenandoah, Pa. [shen-an-do-a], XIII. 861, 
 2 b. 
 
 Shepstone, Sir Theophilus, British representa¬ 
 tive in Zululand, XYI. 859, 2 a, b. 
 
 Shere Ali, Ameer. His hostility to England, I. 
 810,1 a, be; Lord Lytton demands an apolo¬ 
 gy of, 2 a; withdraws to Turkistan, c; death 
 of, 811, 1 b. 
 
 Sheridan, Philip Henry, American general, at 
 Cedar Creek, IY. 801, 1 c. 
 
 Sherman, John, contestant for the presidential 
 nomination at Chicago in 1880, YII. 856, 
 2 b. 
 
 Sherman, Texas, female college at, XY. 919. 
 1 a; population, 920, 1 b. 
 
SHERMAN 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA 
 
 847 
 
 Sherman, William T'., soldier, II. 804, 1 c; at 
 Bentonville, 808, 1 b, c, 2 b. 
 
 Shingles , skin disease, XV. 882, 2 b, 885, 2 a. 
 SniRLAW, Walter, American artist, XIV. 897. 
 Shishaldin , volcano, Alaska, I. 814, 1 b, 819, 
 
 1 b. 
 
 Shreveport , La., X. 865, 2 c. 
 
 Shvfeldt, Commodore, American naval officer, 
 
 V. 816, 1 b; surveys tlie Tehuantepec isth¬ 
 mus, IX. 849, 1 a, 851, 1 b. 
 
 Shumla , Bulgaria [shoom'-la], III. 808, 1 ab. 
 Shuvaloff, Count Peter Andreyevitch, Rus¬ 
 sian statesman, XV. 879; chief of the Rus¬ 
 sian secret police, XII. 836, 2 b. 
 
 Sibley, Hiram, American citizen, XV. 908, 2 a. 
 Siddons, Sarah, English actress, XIV. 896,1 b. 
 Siemens [ze'-mence]. His electric machines, 
 
 VI. 825, 1 c, 826, 1 a, c, 827. His furnace, 
 XV. 899, 1 c, 2 a, c, 900, 1 ab. 
 
 Siemens, Sir William, on solar temperature, 
 XV. 906, 2 ab. 
 
 Silk-worm, its cultivation in Tennessee, XV. 
 918, 1 a. 
 
 Silo, a pit for preservation of ensilage, VI. 836, 
 
 1 a, 2 be (ill.), 887. 
 
 Silver, in Alaska, I. 817, 1 be; its relative 
 value to gold, II. 810, 2 c; production of, in 
 U. S. A., 812, 2 b; demonetization of, in 
 Germany, 813, 1 b; trade and other dollars, 
 
 2 a, b; census returns on, in 1880, IV. 812, 
 1 b; product in Colorado, V. 802, 804, 2 a; 
 in Leadville, X. 858, 2 c; in Montana, XI. 
 892, 2 c; in Nevada, XII. 829, 1 a; in New 
 Mexico, 832, 2 b; of Oregon, 853, 1 b. 
 
 Silver Cliff, Colorado, V. 805, 2 c. 
 
 Silver-pen, pseudonyme for Meteyard, Eliza: 
 which see. 
 
 Simart, Pierre Charles [se-mar], French sculp¬ 
 tor, XV. 879. 
 
 Simmons, Franklin, American sculptor, XV. 
 879. 
 
 Simms, telescope maker, XV. 914, 1 c, 915, 
 1 c. 
 
 Sing Sing, N. Y., prison at, XII. 834, 2 c. 
 Sippara: see Abbu Hubba. 
 
 Sirayo, Zulu chief, XVI. 860, 1 a. 
 
 Sitka, Alaska, I. 813, 2 b; vegetable produc¬ 
 tions, 814, 2 c, 815,1 a; position of, 816,1 b, 
 817, 1 be; visited by Spaniards, 818,1 a, c. 
 Sitkin, one of the Aleutian islands, I. 818, 2 c. 
 Sixtus V., pope, restores the obelisks, XII. 
 842, 1 b. 
 
 Sketchley, Dr., ostrich farm of, XII. 854, 2 b. 
 Skin, diseases of the, XV. 880; definition of, 
 
 1 a; classification, c; vegetable parasitic 
 affections, 881, 1 a; animal parasitic affec¬ 
 tions, 2 b; glandular affections, pimples, 882, 
 
 1 a; sweat, 2 a; neurotic affections, shin¬ 
 gles, 2 b; itching, c; syphilis, 883, lb; ec¬ 
 zema, 884,1 c; lichen, 885,1 b ; prurigo, c; 
 herpes and pemphigus, 2 a; pus-producing 
 affections, b; purpura, 886, 1 b; bloody 
 sweat, 2 a; freckles and moth, b ; noevus, or 
 birth-mark, c; ichthyosis, or fish-skin dis¬ 
 ease, 887, 1 c; scleroderma, 2 a; morphcea, 
 b; hypertrophy of hair, c; albinos and leu- 
 coderma, 888, 2 a; baldness, b; diseased 
 hair, c; keloid, 889, 1 a; fibroma, ab; xan¬ 
 thoma, xanthelasma, and vitiligoidea, b; lu¬ 
 pus, c; scrofuloderma and rhinoscleroma, 
 
 2 c; epithelioma, 890, 1 a; sarcoma, c. 
 Skobeleff, Mikhail Dimitrivevitch, Russian 
 
 general, XV. 890; XIV. 893, 1 a, 2 a. 
 
 Slade, spirit medium, exposed, X. 856, 1 c. 
 Slocum, American soldier, II. 804, 2 a; at 
 Bentonville, 808, 1 c. 
 
 Small-pox, as a skin disease, XV. 880, 1 ab. 
 Smart, John, British painter, XV. 890. 
 
 Smillie. I. James, American engraver, XV. 
 891. II. James D., American painter, ib. 
 III. George H., American painter, ib. 
 
 Smith, Edwin, of the IT. S. coast survey, XVI. 
 846, 2 c. 
 
 Smith, Francis S., American writer, XIV. 897, 
 2 a. 
 
 Smith, G. K., coal operator, killed at Auden- 
 ried by Molly Maguires, XI. 896, 2 a, c. 
 Smith, William, English scholar. His diction¬ 
 ary of the Bible, VIII. 837, 2 b. 
 
 Smyth, G. P., director of the Edinburgh ob¬ 
 servatory, XII. 845, 1 b. 
 
 Snelus, metallurgist, XV. 899, 1 a. 
 
 Snow, colored, V. 824, 1 b. 
 
 Sofia [so-fe'-a], capital of Bulgaria, III. 803, 1 a. 
 Solar engines: see Engines, Solar. 
 
 Solitaire, a game, XIV. 882, 2 a. 
 
 Solovieff, nihilist, XII. 835, 2 b. His attempt 
 on the life of Alexander II., 838, 1 be. 
 Somerville, Mass., valuation of, XI. 880, 2 c; 
 population, 882, 1 b. 
 
 Sonntag, William Louis, American painter, 
 
 XV. 891. 
 
 Sontag, Henriette [zun-ta k h], German singer, 
 
 XVI. 855, 1 b. 
 
 Sothern, E. A. [su^A'-ern], American actor, IV. 
 
 817, 2 a; XIV. 886, 2 a. 
 
 South Bend , Ind., IX. 846, 1 b. 
 
 Soutii Carolina, XV. 891. Population and 
 
848 
 
 SPAFFORD 
 
 STRATEGOS 
 
 agricultural products, 2 b; finances, c; 
 schools, 892,1 a ; charities, 2 a; agricultural 
 reports, c; phosphates, 893, 1 b; fish, c; 
 debt, 2 a; chief places, b; forests in, YII. 
 850, 2 c, 851, 2 c. 
 
 Spafford, M. II. G., founder of the Over comers, 
 XII. 858, 1 a. 
 
 Spectrophone , XIV. 884, 2 ab. 
 
 Speer, Alfred, American inventor. His mova¬ 
 ble platform, VI. 829, 2 a. 
 
 Spencer & Eaton, telescope makers, XV. 914, 
 
 1 be. 
 
 Spill, Daniel, English inventor, IV. 802, 1 c. 
 Sparer, Dr., director of the Potsdam observa¬ 
 tory, XII. 846, 1 a. 
 
 Springfield, Ill., IX. 844, 1 a. 
 
 Springfield, Mass., valuation of, XI. 880, 2 c; 
 population of, 882, 1 b; steam heating of, 
 XV. 899, 1 b. 
 
 Springfield, Mo., XI. 895, 2 b. 
 
 Springfield, Ohio, XII. 848, 2 b. 
 
 Spruce forests, VII. 850,1 b, 2 be, 852,1 c, 853, 
 
 2 c; Engelmann’s, 854, 1 a. 
 
 Squares, magic, XIV. 878, 1 a. 
 
 Stalac'tites, in Luray cavern, X. 866, 1 b (ill.), 
 2 a, c, 867, la, 2 a, 1 c, 868, 1 a; Hollow- 
 Column, c, 2 a; in Newmarket Cave, XII. 
 832, 2 a. 
 
 Stalag'mites, in Luray cavern, X. 866, 1 b, 867, 
 1 a, 868, 1 ab. 
 
 Stamford, Conn., V. 811, 1 c. 
 
 Stark, German electrician, VI. 807, 2 c. 
 
 Starr, J. W., American electrician. His in¬ 
 candescent light, VI. 823, 1 c. 
 
 Stars, double and binary, XV. 893; discov¬ 
 erers of, 2 b; table of, 894; stellar parallax, 
 
 1 be; clusters, c; proper motion, 2 c; new 
 stars, 895, 1 b; variable stars, c; photo¬ 
 graphs, 2 a; star catalogues, be; uranome- 
 try, 896, 1 b. 
 
 Statues, by Bernhardt, II. 809,1 b ; by Boehm, 
 816, 2 b; by Jackson, IX. 854, 1 b; in Len¬ 
 ox library, X. 861, 1 a; by Lewis, c; by 
 Macdonald, 868, 2 b; by Monti, XI. 897, 2 
 c; by Phidias, XIV. 896, 2 c; by Simart, 
 XV. 879, 2 b; by Simmons, XV. 880, 1 a; 
 by Steell, 900, 1 c; of Stevens, 2 b. 
 Staunton, Va., XVI. 850, 2 a. 
 
 Steam Heating, XV. 896 ; first attempts at, 
 
 2 c; difficulties in, 897, 1 b; boilers, be; 
 automatic injector, 2 a; in the British houses 
 of parliament, b; experiments in, at the 
 Centennial Exhibition, c; Walker’s heater, 
 898, 1 a; other heaters, b; Holly system, c. 
 
 Stebbins , B. P., American explorer, discovers 
 Luray cavern, X. 866, 1 a. 
 
 Stedman, Edmund Clarence, American poet, 
 VI. 802, 1 a. 
 
 Steel, dephosphorization of, XV. 899 ; diffi¬ 
 culties in, 1 c; various methods, 2 a; the 
 Thomas-Gilchrist method, b ; economy of it, 
 900, 1 b; manufactures, IV. 811, 1 c; prod¬ 
 ucts, 2 c, 812, 1 a; method of cutting, VII. 
 856, 1 a. 
 
 Steell, Sir John, Scotch sculptor, XV. 900. 
 
 Steinheil [stine-hile], telescope maker, XV. 
 915, 1 a, b, c. 
 
 Steller, Geo. Wilhelm, naturalist and surgeon, 
 I. 817, 2 c. 
 
 Stephan, director of the Marseilles observa¬ 
 tory, XII. 846, 2 a; XV. 914, 1 a, 915, 1 a. 
 
 Stephenson, Robert, English engineer, VIII. 
 837, 2 ab. 
 
 Steubenville, Ohio, XII. 848, 2 b. 
 
 Stevens, Alfred, Belgian painter, XV. 900. 
 
 Stevens, Alfred, English sculptor, XV. 900. 
 
 Stevens, Thaddeus , American statesman, XV. 
 922, 1 b. 
 
 Steward collection of stone implements, XII. 
 825, 2 a. 
 
 Stewart , Gen., occupies Candahar, I. 811, 1 ab; 
 begins a return march to India, 812, 1 a. 
 
 Stikine river, Alaska, I. 814, 2 a. 
 
 Stillwater, Minn., XI. 894, 1 a. 
 
 Stirling, James Hutchinson, British author, 
 XV. 900. 
 
 Stockholm observatory, XII. 846,1 c; XV. 915, 
 1 be. 
 
 Stockton, Cal., III. 808, 1 a. 
 
 Stolietojf, Gen., Russian. Well received by 
 Shere Ali, I. 810, 1 be. 
 
 Stone, E. J., director of the Radcliffe observa¬ 
 tory, XII. 845, 1 a, 2 b; XV. 894, 2 c, 915, 
 1 b. 
 
 Stone, Marcus, English painter, XV. 900. 
 
 Stone, O., director of the Cincinnati observa¬ 
 tory, XII. 844, 2 ab. His list of double 
 stars, XV. 893, 2 b, 896, 1 a, 819, 1 c. 
 
 Stonehenge, druidical temple at, XIV. 897, 1 a. 
 
 Stonyhur&t observatory, XII. 845, 1 c. 
 
 Storey, George Adolphus, English painter, 
 XV. 901. 
 
 Strasburg observatory [strass-boorg], XII. 846, 
 1 a; XV. 914, 1 b. 
 
 Strategos, American game of war, XV. 901; 
 inventor of, 1 b; outfit for, c; minor tacti¬ 
 cal game, 2 b; grand tactical, strategical, and 
 topographical games, 902, 1 a; military his- 
 
STREETER 
 
 tory, ab; battle game, b; advanced game, 
 2 a. 
 
 Streeter, Leander E., American inventor, IV 
 802, 1 a, b. 
 
 Strong, IF., American judge, VI. 814, 1 a; 
 815, 1 b. 
 
 Struve, Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von [stroo'- 
 fbli], Russian astronomer, XV. 893, 2 be, c, 
 894, 1 a, 906, 1 ab. 
 
 Struve, Otto Wilhelm von [stroo'-feh], Russian 
 astronomer, XII. 844, 2 b, 845, 2 a; director 
 of the Pultova observatory, 846, 1 b; XV. 
 893, c, 894, 1 a, 2 b, 914, 1 b, 915, 1 b. 
 Stuart, Gilbert Charles, American painter, X 
 861, 1 a. 
 
 Stuart, James E. B., American soldier, XV. 
 902. 
 
 Suez canal, completion of, VI. 809, 1 c, 812, 
 
 1 c. 
 
 Suffrage, woman's, XVI. 845, 1 c, 858, 1 b. 
 Sugar, of Florida, VII. 845, 2 ab; of Georgia, 
 858, 1 c; of Louisiana, X. 865, 2 a; of Mis¬ 
 sissippi, XI. 894, 1 ab; of South Carolina, 
 XV. 891, 2 be, 892, 2 c; of Texas, 918, 1 c, 
 919, 2 c, 920, 1 a. 
 
 Suleiman Pasha [soo-la-man'], in the Russo- 
 Turkish war, XIV. 892, 2 b, c, 893, 1 a 
 
 2 b. 
 
 Sullivan, Arthur S., English composer, VII 
 865, 1 c. 
 
 Sullivax, Barry, English actor, XV. 902. 
 Sumbul, or musk-root, XV. 903. 
 
 Sumner, Charles, American statesman, I. 813, 
 
 2 a; funeral oration on, X. 856, 1 b. 
 
 Sun. Minute structure of the photosphere, XV. 
 903; solar photography, 1 c ; solar spots, 
 
 2 b ; table of spots, c; magnetic observa¬ 
 tions, 904, 1 b ; solar spectrum, 2 b; oxygen 
 in the sun, 905, 1 b; solar corona, c; solar 
 parallax, 2 a; solar temperature, 906, 1 b; 
 solar eclipses of 1878, 2 b; of 1869-75, 907 ? 
 
 1 b; of 1882, 2 b. 
 
 Sun lamp, an electric voltaic-arc lamp VI 
 821, 2 (ills.). 
 
 Sutton, Henry, Australian electrician, VI 816 
 
 1 b. 
 
 Swan, English electrician, VI. 823, 2 b, 824, 1 
 a, 826, 2 c; report on his lamp, 828, 1 a; 
 his lamps to be introduced by the Brush Co 
 
 2 a. ’’ 
 
 Sweat, excessive secretion of, XV. 882, 2 a; 
 bloody, 886, 1 b, 2 a. 
 
 Swedenborg. His nebular hypothesis, XII. 828 
 1 b. 
 
 TELEGRAPHY 
 
 849 
 
 Swedish movement cure: see Massage, XI 
 882. 
 
 Swift, Lewis, American astronomer, XV. 907; 
 
 XIII. 863, 2 b, c, 864, la; XV. 914, 1 b. 
 Swill-milk, IV. 799, 2 c. 
 
 Swing, David, American clergyman, XV. 908. 
 Swisshelm, Jane Grey, American journalist, 
 XV. 908. 
 
 Sycamore, tree, VII. 852, 1 a. 
 
 Sycosis , skin disease, XV. 885, 2 b. 
 
 Sydney observatory, XV. 915, 1 b. 
 
 Syene [si-e'-ne], granite of, XII. 841, 2 a, c, 
 842, 1 a. 
 
 Syphilis, skin disease, XV. 880, 1 b; origin of, 
 883, 1 b, 889, 1 c. 
 
 Syracuse, X. Y., XII. 835, 1 b. 
 
 Tacchini, Prof., proposed observatory of, XII. 
 846, 2 a; director of the Roman observa¬ 
 tory, b, XV. 915, 1 a. 
 
 Tacoma, Washington territory, XVI. 851, 1 b. 
 Taiko Sama [ti'-ko sa'-ma]: see Hideyoshi 
 (Index). 
 
 Taillandiek, Rene Gaspard Ernest (Saint Re¬ 
 ne) [ta-va ng -de-a], French author, XV. 908. 
 Painter, Sumner, inventor, XIII. 862, 1 a; 
 
 XIV. 883, 2 b, 884, 1 a, 2 a. 
 
 Tallahassee, Fla., VII. 847, 1 a. 
 
 Tanaga , one of the Aleutian islands, I. 818, 2 c. 
 Tanner, Henry S. His forty days’ fast, VII. 
 
 843, 1 a, 844, 1 b. 
 
 Tatkeleff, Vogisny, Russian painter, XV. 909. 
 Taunton, Mass., valuation of, XI. 880, 2 c; popu¬ 
 lation, 882, 1 b. 
 
 Tavleyejf, nihilist, XII. 838, 1 b. 
 
 Taylor, Bayard, American author, XIV. 889, 
 2 a. 
 
 Taylor, Emma, Trelawney’s adopted niece, XV. 
 922, 2 c. 
 
 Tcherkasski, Prince Vladimir [cher-kas-ke], 
 founder of Panslavism, XIII. 855, 2 c, 856, 
 
 1 a, b, c, 2 a, b. 
 
 Tchernayeff, Gen., Russian soldier, XIV. 891, 
 
 2 b, c. 
 
 Tchernyshevski , Russian novelist and nihilist, 
 XII. 836, 1 ab, 2 c. 
 
 Tcherthoff, chief of Kiev police administration, 
 XII. 838, 1 b. 
 
 Tehuantepec [ta-wan-ta-paik 7 ], isthmus of Mex- 
 ico, projected canal, IX. 849, 1 a, 2 b, 851, 
 
 1 b, 2 c. 
 
 Telegraphy, Edison’s inventions in, VI. 807 
 1 b. 
 
 54 
 
850 
 
 TELEPHONE 
 
 TOPEKA 
 
 Telephone, an apparatus for transmitting 
 speech, XY. 909; acoustic, 1 c; electric, 
 
 2 a; inventors of, b; Bell’s (ills.), c, 910, 912, 
 
 1 a; Gower’s, 2 a (ill.), 911, 1 a; Phelps’s, 
 910, 2 c (ill.), 911, 1 c ; “Pony-crown,” (ill.), 
 
 2 c; Reiss’s, 912, 2 a (ills.), 1 c, 2 c; Edi¬ 
 son’s, 911, 2 (ills.), 912, 1 b, 2 b; extensive 
 use of, 913, 1 a; distance reached by the 
 voice, b; YI. 807, 2 a, 808, 1 a. 
 
 Telescopes, XV. 913 ; Martins’s, 1 c (ill.), 916, 
 
 1 a; at Washington, 913, 2 a (ill.), c; table 
 of reflectors, 914, a; of refractors, b, c, 
 915. 
 
 Tempel, of the Florence observatory, XY. 914, 
 
 1 c, 915, 1 b. 
 
 Temperature of the sun , XY. 906, 1 b. 
 
 Temple observatory at Rugby , XII. 845, 1 c. 
 Tennessee, XY. 916. Population and products, 
 
 1 b; finances, c; schools, 917, 1 a; charities 
 and correction, b; marble quarries, zinc, 
 coal, and iron, 2 a; railroads, 1 c, 2 c; silk¬ 
 worm and colonies, 918, 1 a; chief places, b ; 
 forests in, VII. 850, 2 c, 851, 2 c. 
 
 Tenney , Dr. Samuel , Y. 823, 1 b. 
 
 Tenniel, John, English draughtsman, XY. 918. 
 Tere'do , sea worm, VII. 852, 1 b; IX. 862, 2c. 
 Tergukasojf,\ to., Russian soldier, XIY. 893, 
 
 1 c. 
 
 Terre Haute , Ind. [tair-ote], IX. 846, 1 b. 
 
 Tessie du Motay [tes-se-a du mo-ta]. His steel 
 process, XY. 899, 2 a. 
 
 Texas, XY. 918. Population and products, 1 b; 
 schools, finances, c; sound credit of, 2 a; 
 railroads and school fund, 919, la; its col¬ 
 leges, b; penitentiaries, 2 b; asylums, ib .; 
 products, c; boundary question, 920, 1 a; 
 chief places, b; forests of, VII. 849, 1 c, 2 a, 
 851, 1 c, 852, 2 c, 854, 1 a, b. 
 
 Theodore , king of Abyssinia, XIY. 886, 1 b. 
 Thermophone , XIY. 885, 1 c. 
 
 Thiele , Dr. [te'-la], director of the Copen¬ 
 hagen observatory, XII. 846, 1 c. 
 
 Thirlwall , Bishop, XII. 852, 2 b. 
 
 Thlinkit , a race of people in Alaska, I. 815, 2. 
 Thomas , inventor. His process of purifying 
 steel, XY. 899, 2 a. 
 
 Thomas , Prof. , on the sun’s eclipse, XY. 906, 
 
 2 c. 
 
 Thompson, A. Wordsworth, American painter, 
 XY. 920. 
 
 Thompson, I., Cephas G., American painter, 
 XY. 920. II., Jerome, American painter, 2 a. 
 Thompson , Maurice , American archer, I. 826, 
 1 a. His report on the healthfulness of arch¬ 
 
 ery, 830, 1 c. His book on archery, 831, 
 
 2 a. 
 
 Thompson , Prof. Sylvanus. His report on 
 Reiss’s telephone, XY. 912, 2 a. 
 
 Thomson , Sir William , electrician, YI. 816, 
 
 2 a. 
 
 Thornburgh , Major , American soldier, killed 
 by the Utes, Y. 805, 2 c. 
 
 Thorwaldsen , Bertel [tor'-val-sen], XY. 900, 
 
 2 a. 
 
 Thousand Islands, an archipelago in the river 
 St. Lawrence, XY. 920. 
 
 Thurman , Allen G ., American Senator, YI. 
 
 814, la, 815, 1 b; succeeded by Garfield, 
 VII. 856, 2 b; candidate for Governor of 
 Ohio, YIII. 840, 1 a. 
 
 Thymol, thymic acid, XY. 921. 
 
 Tidemand, Adolph, Norwegian painter, XY. 
 
 921. 
 
 Tiffany, Louis C., American painter, XY. 921. 
 Tilden, Samuel Jones , American lawyer, YI. 
 813, 2 a, 814, 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 Tinneh [tin-na'], a race of people in Alaska, I. 
 
 815, 2 a, c. 
 
 Tite , tree, VII. 851, 1 ab. 
 
 Tobacco , crop of United States, IY. 809, 2 a; 
 of Georgia, VII. 858, 1 c; of Illinois, IX. 
 842, lb; of Indiana, 844, lb; of Iowa, 
 847, 2 a; in Kansas, 867, 2 ab ; of Kentucky, 
 869, 1 b ; of Maryland, XI. 878, 1 a ; of Mas¬ 
 sachusetts, 879, 2 c; of Mississippi, 894, 1 b; 
 of Missouri, 2 a; of New Hampshire, XII. 
 829, 2 a; of New Jersey, 830, 1 a; of North 
 Carolina, 839, 1 b, 841, 1 a; of Ohio, 846, 
 2c; of Pennsylvania, XIII. 860, 1 c; of 
 Tennessee, XY. 916, 1 c; of Texas, 918, 1 c; 
 of Vermont, XYI. 847, 2 b; of Virginia, 849, 
 
 1 b, 850, 1 ab; of West Virginia, 854, 1 a; 
 of Wisconsin, 855, 2 a. 
 
 Todd, D. P., on the parallax of the sun, XY. 
 
 905, 2 c, 906, 1 a; XYI. 846, 2 c. 
 
 Todleben, Gen. [tote'-la-ben], military governor 
 of Odessa, XII. 838, 1 c; to undertake the 
 reduction of Plevna, XIV. 893, 1 a. 
 
 Tole'do, Ohio, XII. 848, 2 b. 
 
 Tolstoi , Count, Russian minister of instruction, 
 XII. 835, 2 b ; letter to, from nihilists, 836, 
 
 2 b; XIY. 895, 2 c. 
 
 Tommasi, Prof [tom-mA-ze], Italian physician. 
 His researches into causes of Roman fever, 
 VII. 864, 1 c. 
 
 Toole, John Lawrence, English comedian, XY. 
 921. 
 
 Topelca , Kan., IX. 868, 2 c. 
 
TOTTEN 
 
 VESUVIUS 
 
 851 
 
 Totten, C. A. L., American soldier, inventor 
 of “ Strategos,” XV. 1 b. 
 
 Toulba, Pasha , Egyptian soldier, banished 
 with Arabi Ahmed Pasha, I. 821, 2 a; com¬ 
 mandant at Alexandria, VI. 811, 2 a, c; 
 banished, 813, 1 b. 
 
 Tourgee, Albion Winegar, American author, 
 XV. 922. 
 
 Trade dollar , II. 813, 2 a. 
 
 Trees, forest, VII. 847; planted in Kansas, IX. 
 8G8, 2 b. 
 
 Trelawny, Edward John, English author, XV. 
 922. 
 
 Trenton , N. J., XII. 831, 2 a, 832, 1 a. 
 
 Trepoff .’ Gen., prefect of St. Petersburg, XII. 
 837, 2 c. 
 
 Trichorexis nodosa, disease of tbe hair, XV. 
 888, 2 c. 
 
 Trotzki, Gen., Russian soldier, XV. 890, 2 ab. 
 Troughton, telescope maker, XV. 915, 1 c. 
 Trouvelot, M., astronomer, XIII. 864, 2 c, 865, 
 
 1 a. 
 
 Troy, N. Y., XII. 835, 1 b. 
 
 Troy on, Constant [trwa-yo ng ], French painter, 
 V. 816, 2 a. 
 
 Trumbull, American judge, VI. 814, 1 b. 
 Tsauchu: see Chukchi. 
 
 Tucson, Arizona [took-sone'J, I. 835, 2 b, c; 
 population, 836, 2 a. 
 
 Tulley, telescope maker, XV. 915, 1 b, c. 
 Turgeneff, Ivan [toor-ghen'-ef], Russian novel¬ 
 ist, on nihilism, XII. 836, 1 a. 
 
 Turkey, Bulgaria freed from, III. 804, 1 b. 
 Turner, Joseph Mallord William, English 
 painter, X. 860, 2 c. 
 
 Turpentine, production of, VII. 851, 1 be. 
 Tyndall, John, British natural philosopher, 
 upholds the germ theory, VII. 858, 1 b ; 
 his discoveries relating to traumatic diseases, 
 863, 1 a, 2 a; on light, XIV. 883, 2 c, 884, 
 
 2 c. 
 
 JJlundi, Zululand, capture of, XVI. 861, 1 a, 
 2 a. 
 
 TJmnak, one of the Aleutian islands, I. 818, 2 
 c, 819, 2 a. 
 
 Unalashka, Alaska [oo-na-lash-ka], I. 813, 2 b; 
 vegetation in, 815, 1 a; position of, 816, 1 
 b, 818, 2 c, 819, 1 c, 2 b. 
 
 Unimak [oo-ne-mak'J, one of the Aleutian isl¬ 
 ands, I. 818, 2 c, 819, 2 a, b. 
 
 United States Military Academy observatory. 
 XV. 915, 1 a. 
 
 United States Naval Academy observatory, 
 XV. 915, 1 b. 
 
 Up'sal observatory, XII. 846, 1 c; XV. 915, 
 1 a. 
 
 Uranus, planet, XIII. 862, 2 c, 863 (ill.). 
 
 Utah, territory, XVI. 845; cliff dwellings in, 
 
 IV. 819, 1 c; forests in, VII. 852, 2 b. 
 
 Utes, North American Indians, outbreak of, 
 
 V. 805, 2 b. 
 
 Utica, N. Y., XII. 835, 1 b. 
 
 Valentiner, W. [fa-len teen'-er], director of 
 the Mannheim observatory, XII. 846, 1 a; 
 XV. 894, 1 c. 
 
 Vallejo [va-lya-ho], Cal., III. 808, 1 a. 
 Valparaiso, Ind. [val-pa-ri-so], congregation of 
 Overcomers at, XII. 858, 2 b. 
 
 Vancouver, George , English navigator, I. 818, 
 
 1 b. 
 
 Vancouver City, Washington territory, XVI. 
 851, 1 b. 
 
 Vanloo [va ng -lo], French dramatist, X. 855, 2 c. 
 Van Vleck, American astronomer, XV. 914, 
 1 c. 
 
 Varley, artist, XIV. 895, 1 b. 
 
 Varna, Bulgaria, III. 803, 1 ab. 
 
 Vassar college, observatory of, XV. 914, 1 c. 
 Vaughn, H. [vaw'an], pedestrian, XIII. 858, 
 
 1 c. 
 
 Vega, Lope de [lo'-pa da va'-ga], dramatist. 
 
 Manuscript of, in Lenox library, X. 860, 2 c. 
 Velge. His steel process, XV. 899, 2 a. 
 
 Venus, transit of, XVI. 845 (ill.); prepara¬ 
 tions for observing, 2 b; solar parallax, c; 
 method of photographing the transit, 846 
 (ill.); parties sent out by United States, c; 
 superiority of the American method of pho¬ 
 tography, 847,1 a; atmosphere of Venus, c; 
 XIII. 862, 2 c, 863 (ill.); XV. 905, 2 b. 
 
 Verdy du Vernois , Gen. [vair-dy dii vair-nwa], 
 German soldier. His simplification of the 
 Kriegsspiel, X. 855, 1 c. 
 
 Vermilion, Dakota, V. 822* 1 a. 
 
 Vermont, XVI. 847. Population, products, 
 and finances, 2 b; banks, 848,1 b; financial 
 condition, c; farms, 2 a; prisons and schools, 
 b; principal places, c; forests in, VII. 850, 
 
 2 c. 
 
 Vernet [vair-na], French painter, X. 861, 1 a. 
 Verreaux [vair-ro]. Collection of specimens 
 of natural history, XII. 825, 1 b. 
 
 Vesuvius , atmospheric phenomena during erup¬ 
 tions of, V. 824, 2 b, 825, 1 a. 
 
852 
 
 YIBERT 
 
 WHISKEY 
 
 Vibert, Jehan Georges [ve-bair], French paint¬ 
 er, XYI. 849. 
 
 Vicksburg, Miss., XI. 894, 2 a. 
 
 Victor Emmanuel II., king of Italy, IX. 841, 
 1 a. 
 
 Vidin , Bulgaria, III. 803, 1 ab. 
 
 Vienna observatory [ve-en'-na], XII. 846, 1 a; 
 
 XY. 913, 2 a, 914, 1 b, c, 915 1 c. 
 
 Vincent, J. H., secretary of the Sunday-school 
 department of the Methodist Church, IY. 
 813, 1 c. 
 
 Vinci, Leonardo da [da vin'-che]. Iiis map- 
 pemonde, XI. 875, 2 c. 
 
 Violle , on the solar temperature, XY. 906, 1 b. 
 Virginia, XYI. 849. Population and products, 
 
 1 b; schools and debt, c; taxes, prison, and 
 industries, 850, 1 a; exports, b ; peanuts and 
 sweet potatoes, c ; wine and principal places, 
 
 2 a. 
 
 Virginia City , Nevada, XII. 829, 2 a. 
 
 Vitiligo , skin disease, XY. 888, 2 a. 
 Vitiligoidea , skin disease, XY. 889, 1 b. 
 
 Vogel, Dr. [fo'-ghel], on the nebulae, XII. 826, 
 2 c; director of the observatory at Potsdam, 
 846,1 a; XY. 894, 1 c. 
 
 Volcanoes , of Alaska, I. 814, 1 b; of the Aleu¬ 
 tian islands, 818, 2 c, 819, 1 b; eruptions of, 
 in Italy and Iceland, Y. 823, 2 b. 
 
 Voltaic arc, electric light, YI. 817, 2 b. 
 
 Von Holst, Prof., of the Freiburg university. 
 IX. 865, 2 ab. 
 
 Vsevidoff, volcano, Alaska, I. 814, 1 b, 819,1 b. 
 
 Waco, Texas [wa'-ko], university and college 
 at, XY. 919, 1 a; population, 920, 1 b. 
 Walker. His steam-heating apparatus, XY. 
 898, 1 a. 
 
 Walker, Francis A., superintendent of ninth 
 U. S. census, IY. 805, 1 b. 
 
 Walker, Prof. , of Yale college, IX. 865, 2 b. 
 Walla Walla, Washington territory, XYI. 851, 
 1 b. 
 
 Ward, Genevieve, American actress, XYI. 850. 
 Waring, English archer, I. 825, 1 b, 830, 1 b. 
 Warner, Charles Dudley, American author, 
 XIY. 886, 2 b. 
 
 Warner, H. H. His observatory, XY. 908,1 b, 
 c, 914, 1 b. 
 
 War'saw observatory , XY. 915, 1 c. 
 
 Warwick, R. I., XIY. 888, 2 a. 
 
 Washington, D. C., naval observatory at, XII, 
 844, 1 b; XV. 894, 1 a, 914, 1 b, 915, 1 a. 
 Washington, Pa., crematory at, V. 817, 1 c. 
 
 Washington, territory, XYI. 851. Population, 
 
 1 a ; chief towns and financial condition, b ; 
 charities and correction, and assessed values, 
 
 2 a; resources, b; saw-mills, c ; ship-building 
 and railroads, 852, 1 a; forests in, VII. 852, 
 
 1 b, 2 b, c. 
 
 Washington university at St. Louis, observa¬ 
 tory of, XY. 915, 1 c. 
 
 Waterbury, Conn., Y. 811, 1 c. 
 
 Watertown, N. Y., XII. 835, 1 b. 
 
 Watertown , Wis., XYI. 856, 2 c. 
 
 Watson, D. A., American citizen, XY. 908, 2 a. 
 Watson, J. C., astronomer, XII. 844, 2 a; XIII. 
 863, 2 b, c, 864, 1 a; XY. 914, 1 b; transit 
 of Yenus, XYI. 846, 1 c. 
 
 Watt, James. His steam-heating apparatus, 
 XV. 896, 2 c. 
 
 Waugh, Alfred, American sculptor, X. 868, 
 
 2 b. 
 
 Waugh, Edwin, English poet, XYI. 852. 
 Weather bulletin, establishment of, I. 809, 1 be. 
 Weir, Harrison William, English artist, XYI. 
 852. 
 
 Weir, Robert Walter, American painter, VII. 
 857, 2 be. 
 
 Welles, Gideon, American statesman, XYI. 
 852. His praise of Lieut. Cusbing, Y. 820, 
 2 be. 
 
 Wellesley College, XYI. 852 (ill.); descrip¬ 
 tion of grounds, 2 b; buildings, c; domes¬ 
 tic work in, 853, 1 a; requirements, b; its 
 object, c; course of study, 2 a. 
 
 Wells island, one of the Thousand islands, XY, 
 920, 2 c. 
 
 Wendell, of Bates college, XY. 915, 1 be. 
 Werdermann. His electric lamp (ill.), YI. 822. 
 
 1 c, 2 a. 
 
 Weston, Edward Payson, pedestrian, XIII. 857, 
 
 2 c, 858, 2 a, b, 859, 2 a, 860, 1 a. 
 
 Weston electric lamp, efficiency of, YI. 827. 
 West Point observatory, XY. 915, 1 a. 
 
 West Virginia, XYI. 854. Population, prod¬ 
 ucts, and finances, 1 a; asylums, a; prisons 
 and principal places, 2 a; forests in, VII. 850, 
 2 c. 
 
 WeyeVs cave, XII. 832, 1 a, b. 
 
 Whale fishery, in Alaska, I. 816, 2 c. 
 
 Wheeler, American astronomer, XIII. 863, 2 b. 
 Wheeler, William A., American statesman, YI. 
 813, 1 a. 
 
 Wheeling, W. Va., XYI. 854, 2 a. 
 
 Whipple, G. M., director of the Kew observa¬ 
 tory, XII. 845, 1 b. 
 
 Whiskey, produced in Kentucky, IX. 869, 2 a. 
 
WHISTLER 
 
 WYSE 
 
 853 
 
 WmsTLER, James Abbott M‘Meill, American 
 painter, XVI. 854. 
 
 Whitman, Walt, American poet, XIV. 890,1 b. 
 Whitney, Prof., of Yale college. His lectures, 
 IX. 865, 2 b. 
 
 Whittaker, Frederick, American author. His 
 life of Gen. Custer, V. 821, 1 c. 
 WniTTREDGE, Worthington, American painter, 
 XVI. 854. 
 
 Whooping-cough, remedy for, VIII. 837. 
 
 Wilde, S.. of the Montclair (X. J.) observatory, 
 XV. 915, 1 be. 
 
 Wiley, Prof. Harvey W., on glucose, VIII. 
 834, 2 ab. 
 
 Wilhelmj, August [vil'-helm-y’], German vio¬ 
 linist, XVI. 855. 
 
 Wilkesbarre, Pa., XIII. 861, 2 ab. 
 
 Wilkie, Sir David, Scotch painter, X. 860, 2 c. 
 Wilkinson, Sir Gardner, English Egyptologist, 
 XII. 841, 2 b, 842, 1 a. 
 
 Willard insane asylum, XII. 834, 2 b. 
 Williams, O. P. His experiments with oleo¬ 
 margarine, XII. 851, 1 c. 
 
 Williams College observatory, XV. 915, 1 b. 
 Williamsport, Pa., XIII. 861, 2 ab. 
 
 Willis, Gen., English soldier, VI. 812, 2 b. 
 Willow, tree, VII. 853, 1 c. 
 
 Wilmington, Del., V. 828, 1 a. 
 
 Wilmington, X. C., XII. 841, 1 a. 
 
 Wilson, English astronomer, XV. 893, 2 b, 915, 
 
 1 ab. 
 
 Wilson, A. D., discovers habitations of cliff- 
 dwellers, IV. 818, 1 c. 
 
 Wilson, Andrew, Smillie studies under, in 
 Edinburgh, XV. 891, 1 a. 
 
 Wilson, Dr. Erasmus, undertakes the expense 
 of the transport of Cleopatra’s needle to 
 England, XII. 842, 2 c. 
 
 Wilson, Sir Rivers, minister of finance in 
 Egypt, VI. 809, 2 b, c. 
 
 Winchester, Va., XVI. 850, 2 a. 
 
 Windischgratz, Prince [vin'-dish-graits], XIII. 
 855, 1 c. 
 
 Windom, William, American statesman, secre¬ 
 tary of the treasury, VII. 856, 2 c. 
 
 Windsor castle, statues in, II. 816, 2 b. 
 Winnecke, A. [vin'-nek-eh], German astrono¬ 
 mer. His comet, V. 808, 2 a. On nebulge, 
 XII. 827, 1 b. Director of the Strasburg 
 observatory, 846, 1 a; XV. 914, 1 b. 
 Winnipeg, capital of Manitoba, XI. 876, 2 b. 
 Winona, Minn., XI. 894, 1 a. 
 
 Winslow, Charles T., American physician, V. 
 817, 2 be. 
 
 Wisconsin, XVI. 855. Population and prod¬ 
 ucts, 2a; finances, b; debt, 856,1 a; schools, 
 b; charities and correction, c; insurance and 
 railroads, 2 b; principal places, c; forests 
 in, VII. 851, 1 a. 
 
 Wolf, French astronomer, XV. 894, 1 c, 
 2 c. 
 
 Wolf Dr., director of the Zurich observatory. 
 His collection of drawings of the sun, XIII. 
 863, 2 b; on solar spots, XV. 903, 2 b, 904, 
 
 1 a, 2 a, 915, 1 c. 
 
 Wolfe island, one of the Thousand islands, XV. 
 920, 2 c. 
 
 Wolfe, Miss. Her present to the Museum of 
 Xatural History, XII. 825, 1 c. 
 
 Wolseley, Sir Garnet [woolz'-le], British sol- 
 dies, sent against Arabi Ahmed Pasha, I. 
 821, 1 c; before Alexandria, VI. 812, 1 c, 
 
 2 c; appointed governor of Xatal, XVI. 
 860, 2 c, 861, 2 a. 
 
 Woman's suffrage, XVI. 845, 1 c, 858, 1 b. 
 Wood, geologist. His discoveries at Leadville, 
 X. 858, 2 c, 859, 1 a. 
 
 Wood, Col. Evelyn, British soldier, XVI. 860, 
 
 1 b, c, 861, 1 a, b. 
 
 Wood, John George, English naturalist, XVI. 
 857. 
 
 Wood, Mrs. Henry, English novelist, XVI. 
 856. 
 
 Wool, manufactures of, IV. 811; of Texas, XV. 
 919, 2 c, 920, 1 a; of Washington territory, 
 XVI. 851, 2 b. 
 
 Woonsocket, R. I., XIV. 888, 2 a. 
 
 Worcester, Mass, [woos'-ter], valuation of, XI. 
 880, 2 c; population, 882, 1 b; observatory 
 of, XV. 915, 1 a. 
 
 Worthington, observatory of, XV. 914, 1 a. 
 Wratislaw, Albert Henry, English scholar, 
 XVI. 857. 
 
 Wren, William, killed by Molly Maguires, XI. 
 896, 2 ab. 
 
 Wright, Gen., American soldier, at Cedar 
 Creek, IV. 801, 1 ab, b, c; president of the 
 board of commissioners to investigate the 
 jetty system, IX. 857, 2 b. 
 
 Wright, Prof, on the sun’s eclipse, XV. 907, 
 
 1 a. 
 
 Wyoming Territory, XVI. 857. Population, 
 
 1 c; resources, 2 a; assessed values, b; cattle 
 and coal, c; irrigation and soil, 858, 1 a; 
 schools, railroads, and woman’s suffrage, b. 
 Wyse, French naval officer, makes examination 
 for an isthmus canal, IX. 849, 1 b, 2 a, b, c, 
 851, 1 a, c, 2 b, 852, 2 c. 
 
ZYMOTIC DISEASES 
 
 i 
 
 854 XANTHELASMA 
 
 Xanthelasma , skin disease, XV. 889, 1 b. 
 
 Xanthoma , skin disease, XV. 889, 1 b. 
 
 Yale College observatory , XV. 915, 1 a. 
 
 Yankton , Dakota, V. 822, 1 a. 
 
 Yonkers , N. Y., XII. 835, 1 b. 
 
 York , Pa., XIII. 861, 2 b'. 
 
 Yost , policeman of Thmaqua, killed by the 
 Molly Maguires , XI. 896, 1 c, 2 ab, c. 
 
 Young , Pro/! (7. A., of Princeton college, N. 
 J., XV. 895, 2 b, 905, 1 a, 906, 2 c; on the 
 sun’s corona, 907, 2 b, c; XVI. 847, 1 a, c. 
 
 Young , Sir Allen , English naval officer, sails 
 for the Arctic regions, I. 832, 1 b. 
 
 Youngstoicn , Ohio, XII. 848, 2 b. 
 
 Yukon river , Alaska, I. 814, 1 b, c, 815, 1 b, c, 
 816, 1 a. 
 
 Yunaska , one of the Aleutian islands, I. 818, 
 2 c. 
 
 Zanesville , Ohio, XII. 848, 2 b. 
 
 Zenana, woman’s home in India, XVI. 858; 
 
 description of, 1 b; head of, c; furniture of, 
 2 a; woman’s dress, ib. ; widows, b; Chris¬ 
 tian’s entrance into, c. 
 
 Zeus , Temple of [zuce], I. 822, 2 c, 823, 1 a. 
 
 Zirkle , Reuben , explorer of Newmarket cave, 
 XII. 832, 1 a. ‘ 
 
 Zola, Emile, French novelist, XVI. 859 . 
 
 Zollner [tsol'-ner], astronomer, XIII. 862, 2 c. 
 
 Zooloos: see Zulus , II. 805, 1 c. 
 
 Zttluland, the war in, XVI. 859; cause of, 
 1 b; English award in Zululand, c; forces 
 on both sides, 2 a; confederation scheme, b; 
 British pretext for the war, c; disposition 
 of the British forces, 860, 1 a; efficiency of 
 the Zulu soldiers, c; English mistakes and 
 losses, 2 a; disaster to the camp of Isand- 
 lana, b; reenforcements, c; disposition of 
 them, 861, 1 a; British victory, b; capture 
 of Ulundi, 2 a; capture of Cetewayo, b. 
 
 Zulus , IV. 812, 2 b. 
 
 Zurich observatory [tsii'-ri c h], XV. 903, 2 b, 
 915, 1 c. 
 
 Zymotic diseases , VII. 861, 1 a. 
 
 THE END. 
 
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