IM112 m.GS: 
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 UjuJI SLuaai-^ 
 
 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1992 
 
 and Review of Preliminary Mineral Production Data for 1993 
 
 Irma E. Samson 
 
 ILLINOIS MINERALS 112 
 1994 
 
 Department of Energy and Natural Resources 
 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 
ILLINOIS STATE QEOLOQ'C^ S"^ 
 
 3 3051 00006 0370 
 
 LIBRARY. 
 
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1992 
 
 and Review of Preliminary Mineral Production Data for 1993 
 
 Irma E. Samson 
 
 ILLINOIS MINERALS 112 
 1994 
 
 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 Jonathan H. Goodwin, Acting Chief 
 
 Natural Resources Building 
 615 East Peabody Drive 
 Champaign, Illinois 61820-6964 
 
 
 * 
 
 & 
 
Printed by authority of the State of Illinois/1994/450 
 
 printed with soybean ink on recycled paper 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 
 
 MINERALS EXTRACTED 3 
 
 Fuels 3 
 
 Coal 3 
 
 Crude Oil 7 
 
 Natural Gas 10 
 
 Industrial and Construction Materials 10 
 
 Primary Barite 10 
 
 Clays 10 
 
 Fluorspar 11 
 
 Sand and Gravel 12 
 
 Industrial Sand 12 
 
 Stone 14 
 
 Tripoli 14 
 
 Metals 15 
 
 Zinc, Lead, Silver, and Copper 15 
 
 Other Minerals 16 
 
 Peat 16 
 
 Gemstones 16 
 
 MINERALS PROCESSED 16 
 
 Ground Barite 16 
 
 Columbium and Tantalum 16 
 
 Calcined Gypsum 16 
 
 Crude Iodine 16 
 
 Iron-Oxide Pigments 16 
 
 Natural Gas Liquids 17 
 
 Expanded Perlite 17 
 
 Pig Iron and Raw Steel 17 
 
 Slag (Iron and Steel) 18 
 
 Recovered Elemental Sulfur 18 
 
 Exfoliated Vermiculite 18 
 
 Primary and Secondary Slab Zinc 18 
 
 PRODUCTS MANUFACTURED FROM MINERALS 
 
 MINED IN AND OUT OF STATE 1 8 
 
 Cement 18 
 
 Clay Products 19 
 
 Coke 1 9 
 
 Glass 20 
 
 Lime 20 
 
 PREUMINARY PRODUCTION DATA: 1993 21 
 
 Minerals Extracted 21 
 
 Fuels 21 
 
 Industrial and Construction Materials 21 
 
 Metals and Other Minerals 21 
 
 Minerals Processed 21 
 
 Products Manufactured from Minerals 22 
 
FIGURES 
 
 1 Mineral production and mineral-processing plants 1 
 
 2 Energy used in Illinois, 1960-1992 3 
 
 3 Coal production in each county in 1992 4 
 
 4 Trends in Illinois coal production, 1955-1992 5 
 
 5 Trends in the number of Illinois coal mines, 1955-1992 5 
 
 6 Trends in the productivity of Illinois coal mining, 1955-1992 7 
 
 7 Coal consumption in Illinois, 1968-1992 7 
 
 8 Annual crude oil production in Illinois, 1935-1992 8 
 
 9 Crude oil production in each county in 1992 9 
 
 10 Consumption of natural gas in Illinois, 1955-1992 10 
 
 11 Common clay production in Illinois, 1955-1992 11 
 
 12 Districts and counties producing sand and gravel in 1992 13 
 
 13 Stone production compared with sand and gravel production in Illinois, 1950-1992 14 
 
 14 Districts and counties producing stone in 1991 15 
 
 15 Production and consumption of finished portland cement in Illinois, 1955-1992 19 
 
 16 Consumption of quicklime and hydrated lime in Illinois, 1955-1992 20 
 
 TABLES 
 
 1 Production and value of minerals extracted, processed, and manufactured 
 
 into products in Illinois, 1990-1992 23 
 
 2 Illinois mineral production compared with U.S. mineral production, 1991-1992 25 
 
 3 Minerals extracted, processed, and manufactured in Illinois, 1992 (listed by county) 26 
 
 4 Employment and wages in the Illinois mineral industry, 1991-1992 28 
 
 5 Minerals consumed in Illinois compared with U.S. consumption, 1991-1992 28 
 
 6 Fuels and energy consumed in Illinois, 1991-1992 29 
 
 7 Coal production in Illinois counties, 1991-1992 30 
 
 8 Coal production in Illinois counties, 1833-1992 31 
 
 9 Employment and production by method of coal mining in Illinois, 1981-1992 32 
 
 10 Coal production of Illinois companies, 1991-1992 33 
 
 11 Coal shipped from Illinois to other states, 1988-1992 34 
 
 12 Sources of coal consumed in Illinois, 1988-1992 35 
 
 13 Crude oil production in Illinois counties, 1888-1992; value for 1991 and 1992 36 
 
 14 Crude oil production from major fields in Illinois, 1991-1992 37 
 
 15 Petroleum products consumed in Illinois, 1988-1992 38 
 
 16 Natural gas production in Illinois, 1985-1992 38 
 
 17 Natural gas production from large fields in Illinois counties, 1990-1992 39 
 
 18 Natural gas consumed in Illinois, 1991-1992 39 
 
 19 Production and value of sand and gravel in districts of Illinois, 1992 40 
 
 20 Illinois sand and gravel production by size of operation, 1990 and 1992 40 
 
 21 Use of sand and gravel produced in Illinois, 1990 and 1992 41 
 
 22 Portland cement manufactured in Illinois, 1991-1992 42 
 
 23 Mineral production data for 1992 compared with preliminary data for 1993 42 
 
 24 Illinois coal shipped to consumers in the United States, 1991-1993 43 
 
 25 Total coal consumed by end-use sectors in Illinois, 1991-1993 43 
 
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 
 
 This report covers three types of mineral industry operations in Illinois (fig. 1): 
 
 • extracting minerals from the ground 
 
 • processing crude minerals (mined primarily out of state) into raw industrial materials 
 
 • manufacturing mineral products such as coke, lime, and cement from minerals extracted 
 and processed primarily, but not exclusively, in Illinois. 
 
 1992 Reported Value 
 
 The total reported value of minerals extracted, processed, and manufactured in Illinois during 
 1992 was $2,894.3 million, 0.5% lower than the 1991 total. The total of the values reported to 
 the U.S. Bureau of Mines (USBM) is not necessarily the actual value because many producers 
 do not report their production figures. Minerals extracted accounted for 90% of the reported 
 value; processed crude minerals and manufactured minerals accounted for the remaining 10%. 
 Coal continued to lead in value, followed by industrial and construction materials and oil 
 (table 1, p. 23). 
 
 PLANTS 
 
 C cement 
 
 P petroleum refinery 
 
 S iron/steel 
 
 M miscellaneous 
 mineral processing 
 
 COMMODITIES 
 
 * coal 
 ■ oil and gas 
 A limestone/dolomite 
 <D sand and gravel 
 □ fluorspar, metals, barite 
 A clay 
 
 * peat 
 
 * tripoli 
 
 Figure 1 Mineral production and mineral-processing plants. 
 
Illinois produced 6% of the tonnage and contributed about 8% of the value of coal produced 
 nationally. The state continued to lead the nation in production of fluorspar, industrial sand, and 
 tripoli. Production of stone was 6.3% and sand and gravel, 4.2% of the national total (table 2). 
 Illinois ranked sixteenth in the value of nonfuel minerals produced in the United States in 1992. 
 
 Extracted Minerals 
 
 In 1992, the value of commodities mined in Illinois was $2,607.6 million, a decrease of 4.4% 
 from the 1991 total. Mineral fuels (coal, crude oil, natural gas) accounted for 78.2% of the total; 
 coal alone accounted for 64% of the total. Industrial and construction materials such as clay, 
 fluorspar, sand and gravel, stone, and tripoli accounted for 21.4%. The remaining 0.4% was 
 contributed by metals such as lead, zinc, and silver, and minerals such as peat and gemstones. 
 
 Mineral extraction was reported from 98 of the102 counties in Illinois (table 3, fig. 1). Only 
 Cass, Mercer, Pope, and Stark Counties had no reported mineral extraction. Perry, Franklin and 
 Saline Counties, major producers of coal and crude oil, accounted for more than one-quarter of 
 the state's total value of minerals produced: 1 1 .3%, 8.5% and 8.2%, respectively. 
 
 Processed Minerals 
 
 Data for total value of processed minerals in 1992 are incomplete.The total includes only the 
 figures for ground barite, expanded perlite, sulfur, calcined gypsum, exfoliated vermiculite, iron- 
 oxide pigments, and slag. Minerals not listed (tables 1 and 3), but processed in the state, are 
 natural gas liquids, bismuth, and primary and secondary slab zinc. 
 
 Manufactured Mineral Products 
 
 Mineral products manufactured in Illinois, primarily from minerals mined within the state, include 
 cement (portland and masonry), coke, clay products, lime, and glass. The average unit value of 
 sales of portland cement increased about 1.0%; no 1992 data are available for masonry 
 cement. Lime production and its value was up 0.4%. Clay products increased 3.9% in value. 
 Data are no longer available for coke or glass. 
 
 Employment 
 
 The Illinois Department of Labor reports that jobs in mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extrac- 
 tion continued to trend downward, decreasing 9.9% from 19,200 employees in 1991 to 17,300 
 in 1992. Total nonagricultural employment went up 0.3% from 5,220,100 employees in 1991 to 
 5,234,900 in 1992. Employment in the goods-producing sector decreased 4.7% from 1,165,100 
 employees in 1991 to 1,133,500 in 1992, and in the service-producing sector, increased 1.1% 
 from 4,055,100 employees in 1991 to 4,101,400 in 1992 (table 4). The Illinois Department of 
 Mines and Minerals reported in the Annual Coal, Oil and Gas Report, 1992 that employment in 
 the Illinois coal industry decreased 7.6% from 9,667 in 1991 to 8,932 in 1992 (table 9). 
 
 Mineral Shipments 
 
 Mineral shipments are a large part of the Illinois transportation industry. Stone, sand and gravel 
 are usually shipped by truck because they are primarily used near their sources. Coal is largely 
 shipped by rail, barge, or rail/barge combination; only about 4% of the coal was moved to mine- 
 mouth electricity-generating plants by conveyor belt. Crude oil and natural gas are mainly trans- 
 ported by pipeline. Other materials, such as fluorspar and clay products, are shipped by rail, 
 truck, and barge. Pig iron and coke are generally used on-site by integrated mills. 
 
 Consumption 
 
 In 1992, the value of the state's consumption of mineral commodities was about 4.5% to 5% of 
 the nation's total, or about the same proportion as Illinois' share of the total U.S. population. In 
 physical units, Illinois' mineral consumption varied from less than 1% of the U.S. total (for resid- 
 ual fuel oil) to almost 15% (for zinc) (table 5). The high zinc consumption reflects Illinois' status 
 as a major manufacturing state. 
 
 The state's energy consumption was estimated to be 3.3 quadrillion Btu in 1992 (4.1% of 
 the U.S. total), 1.5% less than it was in 1991 (table 6). Fossil fuels provided 76.4% of the 
 state's energy needs: 26.2% was provided by oil and oil products, 30.1% by natural gas, and 
 
total consumption 
 
 coal 
 
 1960 
 
 1965 
 
 1970 
 
 1975 
 
 1980 
 
 1985 
 
 1990 
 
 Figure 2 Energy used in Illinois, 1960-1992. 
 
 20.1% by coal (fig. 2). Nuclear power provided the other 23.6 % of Illinois energy needs, 
 exceeding the amount produced by coal for the fourth year. Its consumption increased in 1992 
 to 787 trillion Btu from 772 trillion in 1991. 
 
 MINERALS EXTRACTED 
 
 Fuels 
 
 Coal 
 
 Production In 1992, Illinois continued to rank fifth in production, behind Wyoming, West Virgin- 
 ia, Kentucky, and Pennsylvania. Illinois coal production increased less than 1% from 60.0 mil- 
 lion tons in 1991 to 60.3 million tons in I992 (table 7). Total value was $1,668.8 million, based 
 on a unit value of $27.66 per ton, a 2.4% decrease in per ton value from 1991 (table 1). 
 
 In 1992, coal was produced in 17 counties (fig. 3), as compared with 18 counties in 1991. 
 Douglas County's only coal mine, Zeigler Coal Company's Murdock Mine, closed September 
 1991. Perry, Franklin, Saline, and Randolph Counties together accounted for 53.1% of the 
 state's production. Perry County remained the top producer, contributing 17.6% of all coal 
 produced in the state. 
 
 Approximately 79% of the state's total production came from underground and 21% from 
 surface mines; whereas 5 years ago, 67% came from underground and 33% from surface 
 mines (fig. 4). Production from surface mines has been declining since 1980. Approximately 
 76% of Perry County's output came from surface mines — a significant percentage that repre- 
 sented about 63% of the state's output of surface-mined coal. Franklin County, producing solely 
 from underground mines, contributed more than 16% of the total underground production. In 
 Saline County, about 93% of its coal was produced from underground mines — output that 
 contributed more than 15% of the state's total underground production. More than 87% of 
 Randolph County's coal came from underground mines and accounted for about 12% of the 
 state's total underground mined production. Other counties contributing substantially (more than 
 3 million tons each) to underground coal mine production were Jefferson (9.4%), Macoupin 
 (8.9%), Gallatin (6.5%), and Clinton (6.5%) (table 7). 
 
 The number of coal mines operating in Illinois has steadily declined since the early 1900s. 
 There were 920 mines in 1900. By the 1950s, approximately 200 mines were in operation. A 
 further rapid decline to about 60 mines had occurred by 1970. In the latter half of the 1970s, 
 the number of mines increased to about 70 as new mines opened after the first oil-price shock 
 of 1974. Demand for coal did not increase, however, and the number of mines dropped again. 
 
30 60 mi 
 
 50 100 km 
 
 Tons 
 
 6,000,000 or more 
 
 4,000,000 - 5,999,999 
 
 3,000,000 - 3,999,999 
 
 2,000,000 - 2,999,999 
 
 1,000,000 - 1,999,999 
 
 < 1,000,000 
 
 no production reported 
 
 Figure 3 Coal production in each county in 1992. 
 
 By 1992, 39 mines remained in operation: 27 underground and 12 surface mines (fig. 5). The 
 number of surface mines, like production from surface mines, has been steadily declining. In 
 1988, there were 27 underground mines and 16 surface mines. 
 
 Since 1833, Illinois mines have produced more than 5.57 billion tons of coal (table 8). Sur- 
 face mines operating since 1911 account for 1.32 billion tons or 23.7% of the total production. 
 The peak year for surface mining was 1967 when production reached 37.2 million tons, where- 
 as underground mining hit a high in 1918 with 89.5 million tons. 
 
 The average output per underground mine reached a new peak of 1.76 million tons in 1992 
 after dropping 8% in 1991. The average surface-mine output increased about 1% in 1992; 
 however, output per mine has been decreasing after reaching a high of 1 .31 million tons in 
 1989 (table 9). 
 
 The trend in Illinois is toward fewer but larger coal companies. Of the 21 coal mining com- 
 panies operating in Illinois in 1992, the top five companies— Old Ben (Zeigler), Peabody, Con- 
 solidation, Monterey, and AMAX — contributed about 59% of the state's total output (table 10). 
 For comparison, the top five U.S. companies produced 26.1% of the national total in 1992. Pea- 
 body, Consolidation, AMAX, and Old Ben (Zeigler) are four of the top five U.S. companies. 
 
70 
 
 60- 
 
 50- 
 
 g 40 
 
 o 
 
 c 
 o 
 
 E 30- 
 
 20- 
 
 10 
 
 total coal produced 
 
 underground mined 
 
 1955 
 
 1960 
 
 1965 
 
 1970 
 
 1975 
 
 1980 
 
 1985 
 
 1990 
 
 Figure 4 Trends in Illinois coal production, 1955-1992. 
 
 surface mines 
 
 1955 
 
 1960 
 
 1965 
 
 1970 
 
 1975 
 
 1980 
 
 1985 
 
 1990 
 
 Figure 5 Trends in the number of Illinois coal mines, 1955-1992. 
 
 Employment and wages In 1992, employment in Illinois coal mines declined 7.6% to 8,932 
 employees (table 9). Employment has declined about 51.3% from the 1981 level of 18,148 coal 
 mine employees. The decrease was 4.5% in underground mines and 21% in surface mines. 
 
 Mine productivity Productivity is measured in tons per shift per miner and calculated by multi- 
 plying average production per miner per hour by average length of a miner's shift. Unrounded 
 data are used in calculating the changes in percentages. The labor productivity of underground 
 mining operations increased 12% to 26.9 tons per shift per miner in 1992 — a 17.3% increase 
 
over the previous high of 22.9 tons in 1969. In surface mines, labor productivity in 1992 
 increased 5.5% to 36.3 tons per shift per miner. The peak year was 1967 with 41.6 tons (fig. 6). 
 The productivity of Illinois' surface coal mines continues to fall farther behind the U.S. average. 
 
 Prices The average price (f.o.b. mine) of Illinois coal decreased 2.4% to $27.66 per ton in 
 1992 (table 7). Coal mined underground in Illinois averaged $27.93 per ton, down 3.9% from 
 the 1991 price, and surface-mined coal was $26.69 per ton, up 0.4% from the 1991 price. 
 
 Shipments Illinois coal was used in 18 states to generate electricity, manufacture coke, and 
 supply energy for other industries. In 1992, about 90% of Illinois coal was sold to electric utility 
 plants, about 1.0% to plants manufacturing metallurgical coke, and 7.7% to industrial plants and 
 retail dealers. Illinois' coal exports to foreign countries dropped to 1.25 million tons in 1992 from 
 1.27 million tons in 1991 (table 11). Shipments to electric utilities increased slightly from 52.5 
 million tons in 1991 to 52.6 million tons in 1992. Only 28.4% of shipments went to utilities in the 
 state. Out-of-state shipments to utilities increased 4%; 29% of the out-of-state shipments went 
 to Missouri, 28% to Georgia and Florida, and 24% to Indiana. All Illinois coal used for making 
 coke was used in coking plants in northwestern Indiana. Of the Illinois coal used for other 
 industrial activities, 71% was consumed in the state, and about 14% was shipped to Missouri, 
 7% to Wisconsin, 3% to Indiana, and the remaining 5% to other states. 
 
 Transportation Coal was shipped from mines to the consumer by rail, barge, and truck. Barge 
 or rail/barge combination has been gaining importance in Illinois as transportation costs become 
 an important aspect of price competition. Use of Illinois coal depends primarily on out-of-state 
 markets and transportation costs must be kept low to compete with other coals. 
 
 Tonnage 
 
 1990 
 
 1991 
 
 1992 
 
 Rail 5 
 
 Local trade and truck" 
 Barge or rail/barge c 
 Rail lines 
 
 Illinois Central 
 
 Union Pacific 
 
 Norfolk Southern 
 
 Chicago & North Western 
 
 Burlington Northern 
 
 Others 
 Total rail d 
 
 35,893,529 
 10,814,982 
 16,920,572 
 
 17,108,784 
 14,346,093 
 6,084,152 
 1,850,480 
 2,200,114 
 3,112,844 
 44,702,467 
 
 33,643,740 
 
 8,724,763 
 
 17,721,595 
 
 21,554,145 
 8,606,695 
 5,859,135 
 1,764,601 
 2,467,688 
 6,900,205 
 
 47,152,469 
 
 35,544,779 
 
 6,244,205 
 
 18,767,991 
 
 21,479,345 
 8,754,660 
 6,042,372 
 1,866,388 
 4,430,867 
 6,766,972 
 
 49,340,604 
 
 a Part of the rail tonnage is shown in the combined rail/barge category and some was shipped from inventory. 
 
 b Some of the coal was sent by truck to barge. 
 
 c Some of the coal was sent from mine to barge-loading facility by conveyor belt. 
 
 d Total rail includes part of the rail/barge shipments. 
 
 Source: Illinois Department of Mines and Minerals. 
 
 Consumption Illinois ranked seventh in coal consumption in 1992 after being fifth in 1991. Con- 
 sumption decreased 5.6% to 31.2 million tons in 1992 (table 12). Coal shipments from Illinois 
 mines to Illinois markets have declined steadily since the late 1960s. In 1990 and 1991, how- 
 ever, consumption increased in the state; then in 1992, consumption declined more than 3%, 
 back to the 1989 level. As figure 7 shows, coal imports from western states are increasing, 
 primarily because of the impact of the Clean Air Act on markets for high-sulfur coal. In 1968, 
 more than 82% of all coal consumed in state was also produced in state, as compared with 
 58% of coal produced and consumed in Illinois in 1992. Total coal consumption by electric 
 utilities in Illinois has fallen each year, and 1992 was no exception as consumption fell 5%. 
 Declines are the result of the increasing use of nuclear energy. Coking-coal consumption 
 increased 6.5% in 1992; however, all coal used came from out-of-state, 99% from Appalachian 
 states and 1% from western states. Industrial consumption, 81% of it in-state, still showed a 
 decrease of about 1 5%. 
 
60 
 
 50 
 
 Illinois 
 United States 
 
 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 — 
 
 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 
 
 Figure 6 Trends in the productivity of Illinois coal mining, 1955-1992. 
 
 50 
 
 10 
 
 total consumption 
 
 Illinois production 
 
 1968 1970 
 
 1975 
 
 1980 
 
 1985 
 
 1990 
 
 Figure 7 Coal consumption in Illinois, 1968-1992. 
 
 Crude Oil 
 
 Production Crude oil production in Illinois increased 0.4% after decreasing 37% during the 
 previous 6 years. Crude oil production in Illinois supplied only about 9% of the petroleum prod- 
 ucts needed in the state in 1992. Other states and foreign countries supplied the rest. The 1992 
 production of 19.1 million barrels of oil had a value of $368.6 million, with an average unit value 
 of $19.26 per barrel. This represents a 4.6% decrease in per-barrel value from that 1991 (table 
 1). Secondary production by waterflooding accounted for approximately 7.85 million barrels or 
 
150 
 
 140 
 
 130 
 
 120 
 
 110 
 
 100 
 
 90 
 
 80 
 
 70 
 
 60 
 
 50 
 
 40 
 
 30 
 
 20 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 \ 
 
 
 V 
 
 /total crude oil 
 rY^V— - -\ / production 
 
 \^ 
 
 \ secondary \ 
 V recovery \ 
 
 J primary 
 / recovery 
 
 
 i i i 
 
 i i i i i i i I 
 
 1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 
 
 Figure 8 Annual crude oil production in Illinois, 1935-1992. 
 
 about 41% of the state's total. Pressure-maintenance operations produced an estimated 
 995,000 barrels or 5.2% of the state's total (fig. 8). About 3.44 billion barrels of oil has been 
 produced in Illinois during the past 104 years (table 13). 
 
 Illinois ranked 13th of 31 oil-producing states in 1992. Forty-six counties produced crude 
 oil (fig. 9, table 13). The following five counties produced more than 1 million barrels each, 
 contributing about 46.5% of the state's total oil production. 
 
 County 
 
 1991 
 
 1992 
 
 County 
 
 1991 
 
 1992 
 
 Lawrence 
 
 13.4% 
 
 13.0% 
 
 Crawford 
 
 11.0 
 
 9.2 
 
 White 
 
 9.1 
 
 8.5 
 
 Wayne 
 
 8.2% 
 
 9.4% 
 
 Marion 
 
 6.3 
 
 6.4 
 
 Total 
 
 48.0 
 
 46.5 
 
 An oil field producing more than 200,000 barrels per year is considered a major field in Illinois. 
 In 1991 and 1992, there were 12 major fields, which together produced 55.7% of the state's 
 total in 1992 (table 14). The two largest fields, Lawrence and Clay City Consolidated, each 
 produced 2 million barrels or more during 1992 or 23.7% of the state's total. In 1992, there 
 were 42 new wells with reported initial production of 100 or more barrels of oil per well per day. 
 The highest initial production reported during the year was 816 barrels of oil per day for a well 
 located in a field in White County. The average daily per-well production in Illinois is 1.65 
 barrels, so the state remains highly sensitive to oil price changes. 
 
 Crude oil production reached a peak of 147.6 million barrels in 1940 (fig. 8). From that 
 level, oil produced by primary recovery methods declined steadily until 1973, although some 
 years showed small gains. The introduction of the hydraulic rock-fracturing method in 1954 and 
 the increased use of waterflooding stabilized oil production at about 78 million barrels per year 
 from 1955 to 1962. Production fell steadily after 1962 as reserves were depleted. In 1989, 
 production dropped to 20.3 million barrels, the lowest since 1937 when production was just 7.4 
 million barrels. It continued to drop in 1990 to 20.0 million barrels and in 1991 to 19.07 million 
 barrels, but in 1992, it rose to 19.14 million barrels. 
 
 By December 1992, proved reserves were 138 million barrels, a 7.8% increase from that 
 of December 1991. Current reserves are 80.3% below the 700 million barrels of reserves of 
 January 1956, the post-World War II peak. 
 
r^r-> 
 
 30 60 mi 
 
 50 100 km 
 
 Barrels 
 
 2,000,000 or more 
 1 ,000,000 - 1 ,999,999 
 i 500,000 - 999,999 
 J 200,000 - 499,999 
 50,000 - 199,999 
 
 no production reported 
 
 Figure 9 Crude oil production in each county in 1992. 
 
 Refineries As of January 1993, Illinois had seven refineries operating in Cook, Crawford, 
 Lawrence, Madison, and Will Counties. Total refining capacity was 965,600 barrels of oil per 
 day, up 1.4% from January 1, 1992. Illinois' annual refining capacity far exceeds its total 
 consumption of petroleum products and makes the state a net exporter of petroleum products. 
 Low oil prices, although detrimental to crude oil producers, can work to the advantage of the 
 refining industry and the state's economy. 
 
 Consumption Reported consumption of major petroleum products in Illinois increased 2.6% in 
 1992 because of an increase in motor gasoline, lubricants, and asphalt and road oil. The use of 
 residual fuel oil, liquified gases, and kerosene declined (table 15). 
 
QJ 
 <D 
 *♦— 
 
 o 
 
 O 
 
 c 
 o 
 
 electric utilities and other 
 
 residential 
 
 1955 
 
 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 
 
 Figure 10 Consumption of natural gas in Illinois, 1955-1992. 
 
 Natural Gas 
 
 Production Natural gas is not produced in large quantities in Illinois, therefore the state is 
 almost totally dependent on other sources for its needs. In 1992, the state's reported production 
 of natural gas decreased 26% (table 16). Although production has been slowly declining for 
 several years, in the last 3 years it dropped 77%, primarily due to several depleted or idled gas 
 fields such as the Pittsburg field in Williamson County. There was no production in Williamson 
 County in 1992, although it was the top producer in 1991. St. Clair County, with 27% of the 
 state's total output, was the top producer in 1992. Gallatin County with 24% was second and 
 Saline County, also with 24%, was third (table 17). The average wellhead value of Illinois gas 
 decreased less than 1% from $2.17 per thousand cubic feet (Mcf) in 1991 to $2.15 per Mcf in 
 1992 (table 1). 
 
 Consumption Natural gas consumption in Illinois began to decline after 1971 and reached a 
 recent low in 1987. Since then, consumption has been generally rising in Illinois (fig. 10). 
 Reported consumption of natural gas decreased 0.5% in 1992 (table 18). Although the largest 
 percentage of decrease (28%) was for electric utilities, it represented only a small volume of 
 gas. Industrial and commercial usage increased slightly (0.2% and 0.3%, respectively). There 
 were small decreases in consumption in the residential (1.8%) and other sectors (6.8%). 
 
 Industrial and Construction Materials 
 Primary Barite 
 
 An accessory mineral in fluorspar ore, barite, is recovered as a byproduct by the fluorspar 
 industry of Hardin County. Ozark-Mahoning, the only producer in Illinois, continues to turn out 
 barite at its Rosiclare mill. Because of the small scale of the barite operation, the increases 
 shown in 1992 were 94% in production and 61% in value. Barite is used primarily as a 
 weighting agent in mud systems for drilling for oil and gas. Other uses include the manufacture 
 of paints, rubber, glass, and barium chemicals. 
 
 Clays 
 
 Production Shale, absorbent clay (fuller's earth), and common clay are mined in Illinois. A 
 partly consolidated bedrock clay is mined in southernmost Illinois to produce absorbent clay 
 products. Fuller's earth is also an absorbent clay or clay-like material that decolorizes and puri- 
 fies. In Illinois, deposits of unconsolidated surficial clays and consolidated bedrock clays and 
 
 10 
 
2.6 
 
 total clay production 
 
 1955 
 
 1960 
 
 1965 
 
 1970 
 
 1975 
 
 1980 
 
 1985 
 
 1990 
 
 Figure 11 Common clay production in Illinois, 1955-1992. 
 
 shales are mined to produce common clay. Common clay is defined as a clay or clay-like 
 material that is sufficiently plastic to permit ready molding. The USBM reported Illinois clay 
 production (excluding fuller's earth) increased 4.1% from 566,741 tons in 1991 to 590,047 tons 
 in 1992 (fig. 11). Nationally, Illinois ranked 15th in quantity and 8th in the value of total clay 
 production. U.S. production of common clay decreased about 5% from 27.2 million in 1991 to 
 25.9 million in 1992. The total of all clay produced in the United States decreased 15.5%. 
 In 1992, the average value per ton of common clay in Illinois declined from $4.31 to 
 $4.00, making a total value of $2,362,467 for the year. Production of common clay was 
 reported from six companies in four counties. Livingston County was the leading producer of 
 common clay; La Salle County was second; Bond County was a close third; and Kankakee 
 County, fourth. In Pulaski County, only one company (Golden Cat Corporation) reported 
 production of absorbent clay (fuller's earth) at two pits. The combined total of the two pits' 
 production decreased about 20%, whereas their value was about 25% less in 1992. 
 
 Uses Common clays and shales mined in Illinois are used to manufacture bricks, drain tiles, 
 dinnerware, and cement. Manufacturing common brick used about 85% of the state's common 
 clay production in 1992; portland cement took 14%; and drain tile required the remaining 1%. 
 Absorbent clay is used in cat litter and oil-sweep compounds, as a filler and pelletizer in animal 
 feeds, and for steel casting. 
 
 Fluorspar 
 
 Production and shipments One company in southern Illinois was the only producer of fluorspar 
 in the United States. Ozark-Mahoning Company operated three mines — the Annabell Lee, Den- 
 ton, and No. 1 mines — and a flotation plant near Rosiclare in Hardin County. The company also 
 dried imported fluorspar to supplement production. Production decreased about 5% from 1991 
 to 1 992. The steady decline can be traced to the decreasing use of chlorofluorocarbons, as a 
 response to concerns about the environment, and to cheaper foreign imports (especially those 
 from China). The United States depends on foreign sources for most of its fluorspar. 
 
 Barite, copper, lead, silver, and zinc (sphalerite) concentrates were recovered as coprod- 
 ucts of fluorspar processing in Illinois. In the United States, about 60,000 tons of the byproduct 
 fluosilicic acid (FSA), equivalent to 105,600 tons of 92% fluorspar, was recovered. FSA was 
 used primarily in the aluminum industry for making aluminum fluoride and in water fluoridation, 
 either directly or after processing to sodium silicofluoride. 
 
 11 
 
Consumption Reported U.S. consumption of fluorspar (acid spar and metallurgical spar) fell for 
 the fourth year, a drop of about 44% from 651,055 tons in 1988 to 365,000 tons in 1992. More 
 than 65% of the reported production went into hydrofluoric acid, the primary ingredient in most 
 organic and inorganic fluorine-bearing chemicals. Hydrofluoric acid is also used in processing 
 aluminum and uranium. The steel industry took about 15% of the fluorspar produced, using it 
 as a flux and in iron and steel foundries. The remainder was consumed in manufacturing glass, 
 welding-rod coatings, and enamels, and for fluoridating water. 
 
 The apparent U.S. consumption (production + imports - exports ± change in stocks) 
 increased 9% from 365,831 tons in 1991 to 399,000 tons in 1992. Apparent consumption has 
 gone down about 45% since 1988. The discrepancy between apparent and reported consump- 
 tion is often large for many minerals, including fluorspar, because users are more numerous 
 than producers or traders, and not all users report consumption to the USBM. 
 
 Consumption of metallurgical-grade fluorspar by the steel industry is decreasing drasti- 
 cally, partly because of the drop in steel output, but mainly because of continuing improvements 
 in efficiency and more rigid raw material specifications. These modernizations will probably 
 lower consumption of fluorspar for several years. Further decline in consumption is anticipated 
 as the government restricts use of chlorofluorocarbons in an effort to implement the Montreal 
 Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. 
 
 Sand and Gravel 
 
 Since 1981, the USBM has surveyed sand and gravel producers only in even-numbered years. 
 In odd-numbered years, estimates are published. In 1985, the USBM began compiling sand 
 and gravel production by district rather than by county to preserve the confidentiality of the data 
 (fig. 12). Data for individual counties are no longer available. 
 
 Production Sand and gravel deposits are widely distributed in Illinois. Glacial deposits, chiefly 
 valley trains and outwash plains, are the primary sources of construction sand and gravel. 
 Environmental restrictions, local zoning regulations, and land development continue to concern 
 the sand and gravel industry. New operations tend to locate away from highly populated areas. 
 
 Production in 1992 was 35.7 million tons, about 36% more than the 1991 estimated 
 production. The USBM has not revised their 1991 estimate, which appears to be much too low. 
 The combined value of sand and gravel was $123.7 million (table 19); the average estimated 
 unit value at the pit was $3.47 per ton, about a 1% increase from the 1991 estimate (table 1). 
 Illinois ranked seventh of the 50 states in production of sand and gravel in 1992. 
 
 Nine counties (McHenry, Kane, Lake, Du Page, Cook, Tazewell, Grundy, Woodford, and 
 Peoria), each producing more than 1 million tons, accounted for about 70% of the sand and 
 gravel production in Illinois. The concentration of about two-thirds of Illinois' population in Cook 
 and five surrounding metropolitan counties makes a ready market for sand and gravel. District 1 
 produced 63%; District 2, 11%; District 3, 19%; and District 4, 7%. In 1992, 113 companies 
 operated 149 pits in 54 counties of Illinois (fig. 12). About 38% of the state's production came 
 from operations of 1 million tons per year and more, as compared to 49% in 1990 (table 20). 
 As shown in figure 13, Illinois' sand and gravel production has grown more slowly than its stone 
 production in the past decade, a trend indicating a preference for stone in the construction 
 industry. 
 
 Transportation Because of its low unit price, most construction sand and gravel is not shipped 
 farther than 50 miles from the pit, although operations on navigable rivers may ship material 
 much farther by barge. About three-quarters of the material was shipped by truck in 1992; the 
 remainder was shipped by barge or rail, or used at the pit, for example, in asphalt production. 
 
 Consumption and uses Production reported is actually material sold or used; stockpiled 
 production is not reported until it is sold or consumed. Illinois sand and gravel is primarily used 
 as various types of construction aggregate for buildings and road construction. 
 
 Industrial Sand 
 
 Production The area best known for production of industrial (silica) sand from the St. Peter 
 Sandstone of Middle Ordovician age is the Ottawa district of La Salle County. Within the district, 
 the St. Peter is called the Ottawa Sand. Illinois again ranked first of 37 states in industrial sand 
 
 12 
 
30 60 mi 
 
 50 100 km 
 
 county producing sand 
 and gravel 
 
 industrial sand production 
 
 Figure 12 Districts and counties producing sand and gravel in 1992. 
 
 production. The 4.4 million tons (17% of the U.S. total) produced in 1992 was a 6.4% increase 
 over the estimated tonnage for 1991. The total value decreased about 1% to $56.7 million. The 
 average unit value was estimated at $12.87 per ton, a decrease from the estimated $13.80 for 
 1991. Five companies operated six pits in La Salle, Mason, and Ogle Counties. 
 
 Transportation Industrial sand was shipped mainly by rail in 1992; however, a significant 
 amount is still shipped by truck and a small amount by barge. 
 
 Consumption and uses Industrial silica sand was produced in both ground and unground 
 forms. Unground sand is used primarily in glass manufacturing. Other uses include sand for 
 molding, blasting, grinding and polishing, railroad traction, filtration, and propping (frac sand) for 
 hydrofracturing reservoir rock in oil wells. Ground sand is used in chemicals, abrasives, enam- 
 els, pottery, porcelain, tile, and various fillers. 
 
 Unimin Corporation, U.S. Silica Company, Manley Brothers, and Fairmont Minerals Ltd. 
 mined silica sand in the Ottawa district of La Salle County, and Unimin's operation in Ogle 
 County mined sand for glass, blasting, foundry, and frac sand markets. Manito Investment 
 
 13 
 
1950 1955 
 
 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 
 
 1990 
 
 Figure 13 Stone production compared with sand and gravel production in 
 1950-1992. 
 
 hnois, 
 
 Company mined Quaternary-age quartz-feldspar dune sand in Mason County for foundry sand 
 and the amber-colored giass market. 
 
 Stone 
 
 Since 1981, the USBM has surveyed stone production only in odd-numbered years. Estimated 
 data are given for 1992 and actual data for 1991. In 1985, the USBM began compiling stone 
 production in Illinois by district (fig. 14). Data for individual counties are no longer available. 
 
 Production Limestone and dolomite quarries are located where thick stone deposits occur 
 near the surface because of upwarping of bedrock and erosion of overlying materials. 
 
 Crushed stone is the state's most important rock product. In 1992, Illinois continued to 
 rank second in production of crushed stone among 49 producing states. An estimated 72.7 
 million tons of stone was produced Illinois in 1992, a 6% increase from 68.6 million tons 
 produced in 1991. Total value was estimated at $322.8 million, a 9.3% gain. In 1991, the last 
 year for which actual figures are available, 53 of the state's 102 counties reported production 
 (fig. 14). A small amount of dimension stone was produced by one producer in Kane County. 
 
 Shipments Stone, a bulk commodity, is used primarily near the quarry, so more than one-half 
 of the stone produced was transported by truck. A small percentage was used at the site and 
 the remainder went by rail or barge. Waterways were put to use by some producers along the 
 Illinois, Ohio, and Mississippi Rivers. Crushed stone was barged to in-state destinations as well 
 as to Pennsylvania and Gulf Coast markets in Alabama, Texas, and Louisiana. The Illinois 
 Central Railroad uses stone produced in Illinois for ballast throughout its entire system. 
 
 Consumption and uses Stone is used primarily as construction aggregate in portland cement, 
 in bituminous highway construction as road-base stone, and in manufacturing portland cement. 
 It also has chemical, agricultural, and environmental uses. The small amount of dimension 
 stone mined in Illinois is used as veneer for houses, small retaining walls, rubble, and flagging. 
 
 Tripoli 
 
 Production The term tripoli refers to microcrystalline silica. Unimin Specialty Minerals Inc., a 
 division of Unimin Corporation, is the nation's leading producer of tripoli. Located in Alexander 
 County in southern Illinois, Unimin is the only producer of high-grade tripoli in Illinois. 
 
 14 
 
Figure 14 Districts and counties producing stone in 1991. 
 
 Tripoli is mined in only four states. Illinois has remained the nation's largest producer of 
 tripoli and accounts for more than 70% of the total U.S. production in 1992. Tripoli production 
 figures are confidential. 
 
 Consumption and uses Tripoli processed in Illinois is used as filler in paints, plastics, and 
 rubber products, and as an abrasive in buffing and polishing compounds, soap, and toothpaste. 
 Some iron-stained tripoli is now being used in the manufacture of portland cement. 
 
 Metals 
 
 Zinc, Lead, Silver, and Copper 
 
 Production Minerals bearing zinc, lead, silver, and copper are recovered from fluorspar ore 
 mined in Hardin County by Ozark-Mahoning Company. In 1992, zinc (sphalerite concentrate) 
 production increased about 9% and value jumped 20%. Small amounts of lead, copper, and 
 silver were reported for 1992. These metals, byproducts of the fluorspar industry, have been 
 produced in relatively small quantities and only add a small amount to the total value of miner- 
 als produced in the state. 
 
 15 
 
Other Minerals 
 
 Peat 
 
 All commercial sales of peat in the United States (excluding imports) are for agriculture and 
 horticulture. Three types of peat — reed sedge, moss, and peat humus — were produced in Illi- 
 nois by four companies: Dahl Enterprises and Roots Peat Farm in Lake County, and Hyponex 
 Corporation and Markman Peat Company in Whiteside County. Illinois ranked fifth of 20 states 
 in production of peat. In 1992, peat production and value jumped 41% and 34%, respectively. 
 More than 96% of the state's peat was sold in package form for general soil improvement. 
 Small amounts were sold in bulk form for nurseries and earthworm cultivation. 
 
 Gemstones 
 
 Production of fluorite and accessory minerals is limited to mineral-specimen grade in Illinois. As 
 a result, gemstones contributed little to the total value of mineral production. The estimated 
 value of gemstones must be withheld in Illinois; however, it increased about 31% in 1992. Illi- 
 nois ranked 15th of 50 states producing gemstones. 
 
 MINERALS PROCESSED 
 
 Minerals extracted mainly in other states or foreign countries but processed in Illinois include 
 ground barite, calcined gypsum, crude iodine, iron-oxide pigments, natural gas liquids, expand- 
 ed perlite, pig iron, sulfur, exfoliated vermiculite, primary slab zinc, and secondary slab zinc. 
 The total value of processed minerals is incomplete because the two largest producers of pig 
 iron did not respond to the USBM annual survey and, therefore, no figures are available for pig- 
 iron production in the state. 
 
 Ground Barite 
 
 J. M. Huber Corporation in Quincy, Adams County; American Minerals in Rosiclare, Hardin 
 County; and Harcros Pigments in East St. Louis, St. Clair County, continued to process ground 
 barite. The ground barite processed in Illinois is used almost exclusively as a filler or extender 
 in paints. 
 
 Columbium and Tantalum 
 
 Fansteel in Cook County is no longer processing columbium-tantalum concentrate imported 
 from foreign countries, but the firm retains a corporate office in North Chicago. Columbium and 
 tantalum are used primarily to produce various steel alloys. 
 
 Calcined Gypsum 
 
 The National Gypsum Company in Lake County processed calcined gypsum from gypsum 
 mined in Michigan. The product is used primarily for prefabricated housing materials such as 
 wallboard, which is increasingly in demand. It is used in manufactured (mobile) homes and in 
 the building and remodeling of homes and offices. Repair and remodeling remained a strong 
 market for the gypsum industry. 
 
 Production and value of calcined gypsum increased about 10% in 1992 as the economy 
 began to gain slowly. Although gypsum wallboard prices hit a 14-year low early in 1992, they 
 rebounded by the end of the year and were expected to continue rising during 1993 as the con- 
 struction industry continued to recover. 
 
 Crude Iodine 
 
 Crude iodine was processed into inorganic compounds for commercial use at three Illinois 
 plants: Allied Signal Company in Metropolis, Massac County; West Agro in Des Plaines, Cook 
 County; and ECHOLAB in Joliet, Will County. Although crude iodine is used primarily as a 
 catalyst or stabilizer, it also is added to animal feed, salt, inks, colorants, pharmaceuticals, sani- 
 tary products and industrial disinfectants. Consumption in Illinois increased about 32% in 1992. 
 
 Iron-Oxide Pigments 
 
 Finished pigments were produced from iron ore imported from other states by five companies: 
 the Prince Manufacturing Company in Adams County, George B. Smith Color Company in Kane 
 County, AST Company in Madison County, Harcros Pigments in St. Clair County, and Solomon 
 
 16 
 
Grinding Service in Sangamon County. The types of natural iron-oxide pigments produced 
 included black (magnetite), brown iron oxide, red iron oxide (including pyrite and cinder), and 
 yellow iron oxide. Synthetic black, brown, red, and yellow iron oxides were also produced. Illi- 
 nois continued to rank second nationally in value of finished iron-oxide pigments. 
 
 Natural Gas Liquids 
 
 Natural gas liquids include ethane, propane, isobutane, unsplit butane, and a combination of 
 gasoline and liquefied petroleum gas. Natural gas liquids were processed in Douglas County by 
 the U.S. Industrial Chemical Company, a division of Quantum Chemical Corporation. The U.S. 
 Department of Energy reports that the 942 million cubic feet of gas processed in Illinois in 1992 
 was all produced in Illinois. The total liquids extracted from gas in Illinois amounted to 88,000 
 barrels. 
 
 Expanded Perlite 
 
 Crude perlite mined outside the state was processed to expanded perlite by three companies: 
 Silbrico Corporation in Cook County, Illinois Strong-Lite Products Corporation in La Salle 
 County, and Manville Products Corporation in Will County. (Scheller International Corporation 
 acquired Manville Products in 1992.) Production and value of expanded perlite decreased 6.2% 
 and 15.1%, respectively, but the average price per ton increased 8.4% in 1992. Illinois ranked 
 fifth of 33 states in quantity of expanded perlite sold and used. 
 
 Expanded perlite is used primarily in roof insulation board and for horticultural purposes. 
 Other uses include lightweight aggregate for concrete and plaster, insulation, and filters. 
 
 Pig Iron and Raw Steel 
 
 The American Iron and Steel Institute in Washington, D.C., ranked Illinois fifth in raw steel 
 production. The state produced 7.24 million tons or 8.6% of the U.S. output in 1992. Although 
 there was a slight gain in raw steel production — less than 1% in 1992 — major changes seem to 
 indicate problems. 
 
 Acme Steel Company changed its name to Acme Metals Inc. to reflect corporate restruc- 
 turing — not the company's basic strategy of making steel for niche customers. Acme produces 
 steel, steel strapping and strapping tools, welded steel, pipes and tubes, and automotive jacks. 
 Acme is studying the feasibility of installing a thin slab caster/hot strip mill at its Riverdale facil- 
 ity to replace the present ingot pouring and rolling and narrow hot strip mill facilities. It would 
 use steel produced in Acme's basic oxygen furnace, also at Riverdale in Cook County. 
 
 Inland Steel Company has been restructuring to reduce losses and staff. They hope to 
 cut staff by 3,600 to 4,000 workers. Laclede Steel Company is also restructuring. They will 
 close their wire mill in Alton, Illinois, and expand their wire-making facility as well as construct a 
 recovery plant to process hazardous dust in Hammond, Indiana. The Hammond operation is 
 closer to the company's major market. Laclede's mini-mill at Alton will not be affected by the 
 closing. National Steel Corporation will shut down its cold-roll finishing units at their Granite City 
 steel plant. Some employees will be transferred to the Mishawaka plant in Indiana where they 
 are moving their headquarters from Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. 
 
 The St. Anne Foundry plant at Kankakee in Kankakee County was destroyed by fire, but 
 the company has indicated that it will rebuild. USX Corporation closed its southeast Chicago 
 South Works steel mill. They are negotiating with a mini-mill operator, which plans to purchase 
 the plant for manufacture of stainless steel. Civic leaders are also evaluating the site for a 
 housing project to relocate people, if a new airport is located at Lake Calumet. 
 
 Several companies have announced new plants or facility upgrades. Amsted Industries of 
 Chicago plans to reopen Am Steel Foundries in Granite City. Birmingham Steel Corporation's 
 Illinois Steel Division at Kankakee has been completely upgraded. Laclede Steel has improved 
 its pipe finishing and shipping facility in Vandalia, Fayette County, and its caster mold and 
 electric arc furnace in Alton, Madison County. National Steel, the nation's fourth largest 
 steelmaker, brought its new slab caster online at its Granite City steel plant. 
 
 In the United States, pig iron was produced by 15 companies in approximately 60 blast 
 furnaces, of which 42 to 44 were in continuous operation. Five blast furnaces are in Illinois. At 
 the same site, steel-making furnaces used most of the pig iron in liquid form for refining raw 
 steel. 
 
 17 
 
Slag (Iron and Steel) 
 
 In 1992, Illinois ranked fifth of 28 states in the quantity of iron and steel slag sold or used. Four 
 companies operating eight plants in Clay, Cook, Madison, and Whiteside Counties processed 
 slag from iron and steel furnaces. The slag was used mostly for construction aggregate — road- 
 base material, asphaltic concrete, railroad ballast, and fill — and also for the manufacture of 
 mineral wool. 
 
 Recovered Elemental Sulfur 
 
 Illinois ranked seventh nationally of 28 states in quantity and value of recovered elemental sul- 
 fur. Four companies in three counties, Crawford, Madison, and Will, recovered elemental sulfur 
 as a byproduct of their oil refinery operations. Although sales of sulfur increased 12.2% from 
 239,736 tons in 1991 to 269,062 tons in 1992, its total value decreased 29.7% from $17.5 
 million in 1991 to $12.3 million in 1992, indicating a precipitous drop in sulfur prices. Sulfur 
 differs from most other major mineral commodities in its primary use as a chemical reagent 
 rather than as a component of a finished product. The largest use is for agriculture, as a 
 component of phosphatic fertilizers. 
 
 Exfoliated Vermiculite 
 
 Illinois ranked third nationally of 20 states in quantity of exfoliated vermiculite sold in 1992. 
 Exfoliated vermiculite processed from crude vermiculite mined outside the state was produced 
 by three companies in Du Page, La Salle, and Macoupin Counties. Sales increased 17.8% and 
 value, 17.4%, in 1992. The average value per ton decreased slightly (0.4%). In Illinois, exfoli- 
 ated vermiculite has the following uses: 
 
 1991 (%) 1992 (%) 
 
 Loose-fill insulation 
 
 19.4 
 
 17.5 
 
 Block insulation 
 
 21.8 
 
 29.6 
 
 Concrete and plastic aggregate 
 
 13.8 
 
 7.3 
 
 Horticulture and agriculture 
 
 19.8 
 
 42.1 
 
 Fireproofing and other uses 
 
 25.2 
 
 3.5 
 
 Primary and Secondary Slab Zinc 
 
 U.S. refined metal production was up slightly from 1991 and the highest since 1981. Only 
 three companies in the United States operated four primary zinc refineries, including one in 
 Illinois: the Big River Zinc Company at Sauget. 
 
 U.S. smelter production was near capacity and the highest since 1981. There were ten 
 secondary smelters processing secondary slab zinc in the United States, including one in 
 Illinois: the Illinois Smelting Company in Cook County. 
 
 Although production data for individual states are not available, consumption data indicate 
 that Illinois was the top consumer of slab zinc and accounted for more than 15% of the reported 
 U.S. consumption. 
 
 Most of the secondary feed was crude zinc calcine recovered from dust generated by steel- 
 making using electric arc furnaces (EAF). The dust was processed at the Horsehead Resource 
 Development Company (HRD) plants in Illinois, Pennsylvania, and Tennessee. At Alton, Illinois, 
 Laclede Steel Company was constructing a facility that could process 36,000 tons of EAF- 
 generated dust per year. Production was scheduled for early 1992. 
 
 Eagle Zinc Company at Hillsboro, Illinois is the only domestic producer of zinc oxide by the 
 American process. This is sold directly for use in animal feed and other agricultural purposes. 
 
 PRODUCTS MANUFACTURED FROM MINERALS 
 
 MINED IN AND OUT OF STATE 
 
 Cement 
 
 Production In 1992, portland cement manufacturing in Illinois consumed an estimated 4.0 
 million tons of raw materials. Raw materials may include cement rock (an argillaceous lime- 
 stone containing calcium, silica, alumina, and magnesia), limestone, clay, shale, sand, fly ash, 
 slag, gypsum, and tripoli. Illinois ranked eighth of 39 states in quantity of portland cement pro- 
 duced. Masonry cement contributed little to the total value of products manufactured, and Illi- 
 nois ranked last of 36 states producing masonry cement. Cement was produced by the Illinois 
 
 18 
 
0.0 
 
 total consumption 
 
 1955 
 
 1960 
 
 1965 
 
 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 
 
 Figure 15 Production and consumption of finished portland cement in Illinois, 1955-1992. 
 
 Cement Company, a subsidiary of Centex Corporation, and Lone Star Industries, both in La 
 Salle County; Dixon-Marquette Cement, a subsidiary of Prairie Materials Sales in Lee County; 
 and Missouri Portland Cement Company, a division of Cementia Oldings AG in Massac County. 
 All four companies produced portland cement, and all except Illinois Cement Company pro- 
 duced masonry cement, although in very small quantities. 
 
 Sales of portland cement increased 1.3% in 1992, with the value per ton increasing about 
 1% from $41.21 in 1991 to $41.61 in 1992 (table 22). Nearly all the cement was delivered by 
 truck in bulk form, although small amounts were shipped by rail and barge. 
 
 Consumption Illinois ranked fourth behind California, Texas, and Florida in consumption of 
 cement products in 1992. About 3.3 million tons of portland cement (fig. 15) and 73,452 tons of 
 masonry cement were consumed in Illinois. According to these figures, the use of portland 
 cement decreased by 10.8%, and masonry cement, by 9.8%. Beginning in the late 1970s and 
 1980s, an increasing portion of the cement consumed in the state was also was being manu- 
 factured in the state. 
 
 Clay Products 
 
 For up-to-date information about the amount and value of clay products manufactured in Illinois, 
 the Illinois State Geological Survey sends questionnaires every year to all in-state producers. 
 
 In 1992, clay products were valued at $54.1 million, 13.6% lower than in 1991. Whiteware 
 and pottery decreased from $36.1 million in 1991 to $34.7 million in 1992. All other clay prod- 
 ucts decreased from $26.5 million in 1991 to $19.4 million in 1992. The Regal China Company 
 at Antioch in Lake County closed on June 30, 1992, after showing no production for the year. 
 
 Coke 
 
 Production All data on coke production in Illinois have been withheld. U.S. production 
 decreased about 2.6% from 24.0 million tons in 1991 to 23.4 million tons in 1992. U.S. coke 
 breeze production decreased less than 1%. 
 
 Consumption and uses Coke is used for pig-iron production, foundry and other industrial 
 purposes, and residential heating. U.S. coke consumption increased 8.9% from 27.5 million 
 tons in 1991 to 30.0 million tons in 1992. The United States imports coke from Japan and 
 smaller amounts from Australia, Canada, and United Kingdom. Coke breeze was used as fuel 
 in steam and agglomerating plants. State-by-state data on coke breeze are no longer available. 
 U.S. breeze distribution increased 9.6% from 2.1 million tons in 1991 to 2.3 million tons in 1992. 
 
 19 
 
total consumption 
 
 quicklime 
 
 1955 
 
 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 
 
 Figure 16 Consumption of quicklime and hydrated lime in Illinois, 1955-1992. 
 
 Glass 
 
 Glass and/or fiberglass is manufactured in Du Page, Lake, La Salle, Logan, McLean, Macon, 
 Madison, Marion, Montgomery, St. Clair, and Will Counties. Production data are not available. 
 Ball Corporation purchased the assets of Kerr Glass Manufacturing Corporaton, which manufac- 
 tures glass containers mainly for the food processing industry. The Kerr manufacturing facility in 
 Plainfield, Will County, was included in the purchase. 
 
 Lime 
 
 Production Illinois ranked seventh of 33 states in production of lime. The top seven states 
 — Missouri, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Alabama, Kentucky, Texas and Illinois — accounted for 63% 
 (11.3 million tons) of the total U.S. output. Although Illinois lime data cannot be disclosed, both 
 production and value increased about 1% after decreasing about 10% in 1991. Three plants in 
 Cook County supplied the state's entire output. Two plants owned by Marblehead Lime Com- 
 pany, a division of General Dynamics, produced quicklime and hydrated lime; the Vulcan 
 Materials Company plant produced quicklime. Marblehead Lime Company, with two plants in 
 Illinois and one each in Indiana and Michigan, was the third largest company producing lime in 
 the United States in 1992. 
 
 Consumption and uses In 1992, Illinois consumed 546,000 tons of quicklime, 9.5% less than 
 in 1991, and 182,000 tons of hydrated lime, 3.4% more than in the previous year (fig. 16). The 
 steel industry remains the main consumer of lime, which is used as a flux in steel refining to 
 remove impurities. In recent years, since the steel industry has been in a depressed state, con- 
 sumption has been relatively low. Steel output is expected to increase modestly, however, as 
 power plants, municipal water plants, and chemical firms showed an increased use of lime. 
 Lime consumption for flue gas desulfurization is expected to show some growth as a result of 
 the passage of the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) of 1990. The phase I compliance dead- 
 line is January 1, 1995, which means that utility companies have decided on their compliance 
 strategies by this reporting in mid-1994. If the use of lime is a tactic in the compliance strate- 
 gies, the consumption data for 1993 and 1994 should show an increase. 
 
 20 
 
PREUMINARY PRODUCTION DATA: 1993 
 
 Minerals Extracted 
 
 The total value of minerals mined in 1993 was an estimated $2.1 billion, a decrease of 20.6% 
 from 1992, according to preliminary data (table 23). This decrease reflects the 30% drop in coal 
 production, mainly due to a strike by the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA). Even then, 
 coal continued to be the leading mineral commodity in Illinois and contributed about 56.4% of 
 the total value. The construction aggregates — stone, sand and gravel — ranked second with 
 25.4% of the total value, and crude oil came in third with 16.1%. 
 
 Fuels 
 
 Fossil fuel production was valued at about $1.5 billion in 1993, 26.4% less than in 1992. 
 
 Coal The estimated per ton value of coal in 1993 was $27.66, the same as in 1992. Coal 
 production decreased an estimated 30% to 42.2 million tons in 1993 because of the UMWA 
 strike. This drop will put Illinois in sixth place nationally behind Wyoming, Kentucky, West 
 Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Texas. 
 
 Consumption of Illinois coal in the United States during the first 9 months of 1993 dropped 
 26.6% (table 24). Total coal consumed in Illinois in the first 9 months was up slightly (1.1%) 
 after decreasing about 6% in 1992 (table 25). Some electric utility companies turned to stock- 
 piles to make up for deliveries disrupted by the strike and the severe flooding that closed the 
 Mississippi River to barge traffic for about 6 weeks. 
 
 The Illinois Coal Development Board (ICDB) broke ground for a coal gasification plant at 
 the Illinois Coal Development Park in Carterville. The plant will test a process to convert Illinois 
 high-sulfur coal into environmentally safe and economically efficient products. The process will 
 also generate liquid byproducts for use in making plastics and gasoline, and another byproduct 
 that will be used to help operate other commercial mild-gas plants. 
 
 Crude oil and natural gas Crude oil production in 1993 is estimated to be 19.1 million barrels, 
 a 1.7% decrease from production in 1992 (table 23). Production is estimated to have a value of 
 $17.50 per barrel, making the total worth $334.1 million. Oil price per barrel is estimated to 
 have decreased about 9% from 1 992. 
 
 Natural gas production and value are estimated to have decreased more than 22%. The 
 estimated unit value is $2.30 per Mcf in 1993. 
 
 Industrial and Construction Materials 
 
 The major flooding that occurred in the Mississippi and Illinois River valleys during the summer 
 of 1993 had little impact on Illinois mineral producers. Only a few had to shut down. Those 
 affected most were dependent on barges for transportation. 
 
 Illinois continued to rank 16th nationally in the value of nonfuel minerals produced in 1993 
 and accounted for 2.32% of the nation's total. Preliminary data for 1993 show Illinois still 
 leading the nation in production of fluorspar, industrial sand, and tripoli and ranking second in 
 production of crushed stone. Stone and sand and gravel increased slightly, both in production 
 and value; whereas clays dropped significantly in 1993. The industrial minerals sector is 
 expected to rebound slowly, given relatively low interest rates for housing starts and also the 
 support of the Federal highway construction program. 
 
 Metals and Other Minerals 
 
 Zinc (sphalerite concentrate) and barite were the only byproducts for which production esti- 
 mates were reported from the Illinois fluorspar mines in 1993. Zinc production was estimated to 
 have decreased 2%, whereas barite was expected to have decreased 75%. Copper and lead 
 were also mined in 1993, but estimates of their production were not available. Production of 
 these metals, byproducts of the fluorspar industry, remained relatively small, adding less than 
 2% to the state's nonfuel mineral production. 
 
 Minerals Processed 
 
 Preliminary data for 1993 are not yet available for most of the minerals processed in Illinois. 
 The American Iron and Steel Institute reported that Illinois raw steel production increased to 
 
 21 
 
7,948,655 net tons, up 9.7% from 1992. The steel plants are continuing to restructure and 
 upgrade to be more efficient and economical but less expensive to operate as they try to keep 
 pace with foreign competition. 
 
 Gains made by the gypsum industry are expected to continue in 1993 as residential con- 
 struction, primarily of single family housing, continues to grow. Industry reports indicate that 
 home repairs and remodeling, including "do-it-yourself" projects, constitute the growth sectors. 
 
 Products Manufactured from Minerals 
 
 Preliminary figures for 1993 show that production and value of portland cement were approxi- 
 mately the same as they were in 1992. Illinois remains a top consumer of portland cement. 
 Masonry cement production stayed about the same as in 1992; however, its value is expected 
 to decrease. It is expected that lime production and value will increase slightly (less than 1%). 
 As more clay-product plants go out of business, clay production will probably drop. 
 
 22 
 
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Table 3 Minerals extracted, processed, and manufactured in Illinois, 1992 a (listed by county) 
 
 County 
 
 Approximate rank 
 (based on total value") 
 
 Minerals extracted 
 (order ot value ) 
 
 Minerals processed 
 (order of value) 
 
 Minerals manufactured 
 (order of value) 
 
 Adams 
 
 29 
 
 Stone, sand/gravel, crude oil 
 
 Iron oxide pigments 
 ground barite 
 
 Alexander 
 
 37 
 
 Tripoli 
 
 — 
 
 Bond 
 
 67 
 
 Crude oil, sand/gravel, clay 
 
 — 
 
 Boone 
 
 73 
 
 Sand/gravel, stone 
 
 — 
 
 Brown 
 
 88 
 
 Crude oil 
 
 — 
 
 Bureau 
 
 76 
 
 Sand/gravel 
 
 — 
 
 Calhoun 
 
 95 
 
 Stone 
 
 — 
 
 Carroll 
 
 91 
 
 Stone 
 
 — 
 
 Cass 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 Champaign 
 
 61 
 
 Sand/gravel 
 
 — 
 
 Christian 
 
 15 
 
 Coal, crude oil, stone 
 
 — 
 
 Clark 
 
 46 
 
 Crude oil, stone, sand/gravel 
 
 — 
 
 Clay 
 
 35 
 
 Crude oil 
 
 Slag 
 
 Clinton 
 
 11 
 
 Coal, crude oil, natural gas, 
 
 — 
 
 Coles 
 
 48 
 
 Sand/gravel, crude oil, 
 stone, natural gas 
 
 — 
 
 Cook 
 
 5 
 
 Stone, sand/gravel 
 
 Expanded perlite, si; 
 
 Crawford 
 
 Cumberland 
 
 De Kalb 
 
 DeWitt 
 
 Douglas 
 
 Du Page 
 
 Edgar 
 
 Edwards 
 
 Effingham 
 
 Fayette 
 
 Ford 
 Franklin 
 Fulton 
 Gallatin 
 
 Greene 
 
 Grundy 
 
 Hamilton 
 
 Hancock 
 
 Hardin 
 
 Henderson 
 
 Henry 
 
 Iroquois 
 
 Jackson 
 
 Jasper 
 
 Jefferson 
 
 Jersey 
 
 Jo Daviess 
 
 Johnson 
 
 Kane 
 
 Kankakee 
 
 Kendall 
 
 Knox 
 
 Lake 
 
 La Salle 
 
 23 
 82 
 66 
 84 
 68 
 30 
 77 
 47 
 50 
 32 
 
 94 
 2 
 
 41 
 9 
 
 89 
 65 
 54 
 86 
 19 
 
 78 
 93 
 72 
 59 
 42 
 6 
 
 92 
 90 
 56 
 22 
 44 
 63 
 28 
 38 
 
 Clay products 
 
 Crude oil, sand/gravel 
 Crude oil, sand/gravel 
 Stone, sand/gravel 
 Crude oil 
 Stone, crude oil 
 Stone, sand/gravel 
 Crude oil, natural gas 
 Crude oil 
 
 Crude oil, natural gas, 
 Crude oil, sand/gravel, stone, 
 
 natural gas 
 Sand/gravel 
 Coal, crude oil 
 Coal, sand/gravel 
 Coal, crude oil, sand/gravel, 
 
 natural gas 
 Stone 
 
 Sand/gravel 
 Crude oil 
 Stone, crude oil 
 Stone, fluorspar, zinc, gemstones, 
 
 barite, silver, germanium d 
 Stone 
 
 Stone, sand/gravel 
 Stone 
 
 Stone, sand/gravel, crude oil 
 Crude oil 
 Coal, crude oil 
 Stone 
 
 Stone, sand/gravel 
 Stone 
 
 Stone, sand/gravel, dimension stone 
 Stone, clay, sand/gravel 
 Stone, sand/gravel 
 
 Sand/gravel, peat 
 
 Industrial sand, stone, 
 sand/gravel, clay 
 
 pig iron d , secondary slab d 
 zinc d , crude iodine 
 Sulfur 
 
 Iron-oxide pigments 
 
 Natural gas liquids d 
 Exfoliated vermiculite 
 
 Lime, coke 
 
 Glass 
 
 Ground/crushed barite 
 
 Slag 
 
 Calcined gypsum, crude 
 iodine d , columbium d 
 Exfoliated vermiculite 
 
 Clay products 
 
 Clay products 
 
 Portland cement, 
 clay products, 
 masonry cement, 
 glass" 
 
 26 
 
Table 3 continued 
 
 
 Approximate rank 
 
 Minerals extracted 
 
 Minerals processed, 
 
 Minerals manufactured 
 
 County 
 
 (based on total value b ) 
 
 (order of value c ) 
 
 (order of value) 
 
 (order of value) 
 
 Lawrence 
 
 17 
 
 Crude oil, sand/gravel 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 Lee 
 
 16 
 
 Stone 
 
 — 
 
 Portland/masonry 
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 Livingston 
 
 45 
 
 Stone, clay, sand/gravel 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 Logan 
 
 21 
 
 Coal, stone, sand/gravel 
 
 — 
 
 Glass" 
 
 Macon 
 
 71 
 
 Sand/gravel, crude oil, 
 
 — 
 
 Glass d 
 
 Macoupin 
 
 7 
 
 Coal, crude oil 
 
 Exfoliated vermiculite 
 
 — 
 
 Madison 
 
 33 
 
 Stone, crude oil 
 
 Sulfur, slag, pig iron d , 
 
 Clay products, 
 coke , glass d 
 
 
 
 sand/gravel 
 
 iron-oxide pigments 
 
 Marion 
 
 31 
 
 Crude oil 
 
 Secondary slab zinc d 
 
 Glass d 
 
 Marshall 
 
 80 
 
 Sand/gravel 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 Mason 
 
 51 
 
 Industrial sand 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 Massac 
 
 26 
 
 Stone 
 
 Crude iodine 
 
 Portland/ 
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 McDonough 
 
 40 
 
 Coal, stone, crude oil 
 
 — 
 
 Clay products 
 
 McHenry 
 
 27 
 
 Sand/gravel 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 McLean 
 
 74 
 
 Sand/gravel 
 
 — 
 
 Fiberglass d 
 
 Menard 
 
 69 
 
 Stone 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 Mercer 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 Monroe 
 
 81 
 
 Stone, crude oil 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 Montgomery 
 
 39 
 
 Stone, crude oil 
 
 — 
 
 Glass d 
 
 Morgan 
 
 98 
 
 Crude oil 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 Moultrie 
 
 97 
 
 Crude oil, sand/gravel 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 Ogle 
 
 36 
 
 Industrial sand, stone, 
 sand/gravel 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 Peoria 
 
 60 
 
 Sand/gravel 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 Perry 
 
 1 
 
 Coal, crude oil 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 Piatt 
 
 96 
 
 Sand/gravel 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 Pike 
 
 70 
 
 Stone, sand/gravel 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 Pope 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 Pulaski 
 
 20 
 
 Clay, stone, sand/gravel 
 
 — 
 
 Clay products 
 
 Putnam 
 
 83 
 
 Sand/gravel 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 Randolph 
 
 4 
 
 Coal, stone, crude oil, sand/gravel 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 Richland 
 
 43 
 
 Crude oil 
 
 — 
 
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 Rock Island 
 
 64 
 
 Stone, sand/gravel 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 St. Clair 
 
 18 
 
 Stone, sand/gravel, 
 crude oil, natural gas 
 
 Iron-oxide pigments, 
 ground barite 
 Primary slab zinc d 
 
 Glass d 
 
 Saline 
 
 3 
 
 Coal, crude oil, natural gas 
 sand/gravel 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 Sangamon 
 
 52 
 
 Sand/gravel, crude oil, stone 
 
 Iron-oxide pigments 
 
 — 
 
 Schuyler 
 
 34 
 
 Coal, crude oil, stone 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 Scott 
 
 87 
 
 Stone 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 Shelby 
 
 85 
 
 Crude oil, sand/gravel, stone 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 Stark 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 Stephenson 
 
 75 
 
 Stone, sand/gravel 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 Tazewell 
 
 55 
 
 Sand/gravel 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 Union 
 
 53 
 
 Stone 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 Vermilion 
 
 49 
 
 Stone, sand/gravel 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 Wabash 
 
 10 
 
 Coal, crude oil 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 Warren 
 
 79 
 
 Stone 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 Washington 
 
 13 
 
 Coal, crude oil 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 Wayne 
 
 24 
 
 Crude oil 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 White 
 
 12 
 
 Coal, crude oil, sand/gravel 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 Whiteside 
 
 62 
 
 Peat, stone, sand/gravel 
 
 Slag 
 
 — 
 
 Will 
 
 25 
 
 Stone, sand/gravel 
 
 Sulfur, expanded perlite 
 
 Glass d 
 
 Williamson 
 
 14 
 
 Coal, crude oil 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 Winnebago 
 
 58 
 
 Stone, sand/gravel 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 Woodford 
 
 57 
 
 Sand/gravel 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 Undistributed 
 
 
 Crude oil 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 Sources: U.S. Bureau of Mines, Illinois Department of Mines and Minerals, and Illinois State Geological Survey. 
 Because some values are not available by county, ranking cannot be exact. 
 Stone production; 1992 data were estimated to rank each county. 
 Value unknown. 
 
 27 
 
Table 4 Employment and wages in the Illinois mineral industry, 1991-1992 3 
 
 
 
 1991 
 
 
 
 
 1992 
 
 
 Industry 
 
 No. of 
 
 employees 
 
 (1000) 
 
 Average 
 weekly 
 earnings 
 
 ($) 
 
 Average 
 
 hours 
 
 worked/week 
 
 Average 
 
 hourly 
 
 earnings 
 
 ($) 
 
 No. of 
 
 employees 
 
 (1000) 
 
 Average 
 
 weekly 
 
 earnings 
 
 ($) 
 
 Average 
 
 hours 
 
 worked/week 
 
 Average 
 hourly 
 
 earnings 
 ($) 
 
 Mining 
 
 19.2 
 
 700.90 
 
 41.4 
 
 16.93 
 
 17.3 
 
 679.39 
 
 39.8 
 
 17.07 
 
 Masonry, stonework 
 
 16.4 
 
 727.50 
 
 37.5 
 
 19.40 
 
 15.5 
 
 704.32 
 
 35.5 
 
 19.84 
 
 Stone, clay, glass 
 
 19.5 
 
 477.60 
 
 40.0 
 
 11.94 
 
 20.0 
 
 485.62 
 
 40.3 
 
 12.05 
 
 Primary metal industries 
 
 54.6 
 
 576.58 
 
 42.9 
 
 13.40 
 
 49.1 
 
 583.10 
 
 42.5 
 
 13.72 
 
 Blast furnaces 
 
 24.0 
 
 589.11 
 
 42.2 
 
 13.96 
 
 20.9 
 
 608.52 
 
 42.2 
 
 14.42 
 
 Iron and steel foundries 
 
 7.9 
 
 642.78 
 
 42.4 
 
 15.16 
 
 6.4 
 
 622.91 
 
 40.9 
 
 15.23 
 
 Petroleum and coal products 10.1 
 
 695.12 
 
 41.9 
 
 16.59 
 
 10.1 
 
 684.75 
 
 41.5 
 
 16.50 
 
 Gas products and distribution 8.2 
 
 683.79 
 
 45.8 
 
 14.93 
 
 8.1 
 
 692.19 
 
 46.3 
 
 14.95 
 
 Total mineral-related 
 
 159.9 
 
 613.05 
 
 41.8 
 
 14.68 
 
 147.4 
 
 612.21 
 
 41.2 
 
 14.96 
 
 Total nonagricultural 
 
 5,220.1 
 
 
 
 
 5,234.9 
 
 
 
 
 Goods producing 
 
 1,165.1 
 
 
 
 
 1,133.5 
 
 
 
 
 Service producing 
 
 4,055.1 
 
 
 
 
 4,101.4 
 
 
 
 
 Source: Illinois Department of Labor, Bureau of Employment Security. 
 
 Table 5 Minerals consumed in Illinois compared with U.S. consumption, 1 991-1 992 a 
 
 
 
 
 1991 
 
 
 
 1992 
 
 
 
 
 
 Illinois % 
 
 
 
 Illinois % 
 
 
 
 
 
 of U.S. 
 
 
 
 of U.S. 
 
 Commodity 
 
 Unit 
 
 U.S. 
 
 Illinois 
 
 consumpton 
 
 U.S. 
 
 Illinois 
 
 consumption 
 
 Fuels 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Coal 
 
 million tons 
 
 887.7 
 
 34.7 
 
 3.91 
 
 892.3 
 
 31.6 
 
 3.54 
 
 Coke 
 
 million tons 
 
 24.2 
 
 NA 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 
 Distillate fuel oils 
 
 million bbl 
 
 1,066.0 
 
 36.1 
 
 3.39 
 
 1 ,090.0 
 
 36.4 
 
 3.34 
 
 Gasoline 
 
 million bbl 
 
 3,168.0 
 
 110.9 
 
 3.50 
 
 3,200.0 
 
 113.9 
 
 3.56 
 
 Kerosene 
 
 million bbl 
 
 17.0 
 
 0.2 
 
 1.19 
 
 15.0 
 
 0.1 
 
 0.67 
 
 LPG and ethane 
 
 million bbl 
 
 616.0 
 
 14.9 
 
 2.42 
 
 642.0 
 
 12.5 
 
 1.95 
 
 Natural gas 
 
 trillion cu ft 
 
 19.1 
 
 1.0 
 
 5.18 
 
 19.5 
 
 1.0 
 
 5.08 
 
 Residual fuel oil 
 
 million bbl 
 
 423.0 
 
 3.5 
 
 0.82 
 
 401.0 
 
 2.4 
 
 0.60 
 
 Metals 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Pig iron 
 
 million tons 
 
 45.8 
 
 2.5 
 
 5.51 
 
 48.1 
 
 2.4 
 
 4.93 
 
 Lead 
 
 thousand tons 
 
 1,246.3 
 
 71.5 
 
 5.74 
 
 1,240.0 
 
 NA 
 
 — 
 
 Zinc (slab) 
 
 thousand tons 
 
 763.8 
 
 116.4 
 
 15.23 
 
 1,005.0 
 
 NA 
 
 — 
 
 Construction materials 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Air-cooled slag 
 
 million tons 
 
 10.9 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 
 Asphalt and road oil 
 
 million bbl 
 
 162.0 
 
 7.9 
 
 4.89 
 
 166.0 
 
 9.3 
 
 0.06 
 
 Cement 
 
 million tons 
 
 78.1 
 
 3.3 
 
 4.23 
 
 89.7 
 
 3.6 
 
 4.01 
 
 Sand and gravel 
 
 million tons 
 
 780.3 
 
 26.3 
 
 3.37 
 
 809.1 
 
 28.1 
 
 3.47 
 
 Stone 
 
 million tons 
 
 1,102.9 
 
 68.6 
 
 6.22 
 
 1,161.5 
 
 72.7 
 
 6.26 
 
 Agricultural and chemical materials 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Feldspar 
 
 thousand tons 
 
 573.0 
 
 NA 
 
 — 
 
 590.0 
 
 NA 
 
 — 
 
 Fluorspar 
 
 thousand tons 
 
 483.6 
 
 NA 
 
 — 
 
 365.0 
 
 NA 
 
 — 
 
 Lime b 
 
 thousand tons 
 
 17,300.0 
 
 779.0 
 
 4.50 
 
 17,887.0 
 
 728.0 
 
 4.07 
 
 Salt 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Evaporated 
 
 thousand tons 
 
 8,546.0 
 
 489.0 
 
 5.72 
 
 NA 
 
 NA 
 
 — 
 
 Rock 
 
 thousand tons 
 
 15,586.0 
 
 1 ,530.0 
 
 9.82 
 
 NA 
 
 NA 
 
 — 
 
 a 
 
 b 
 
 NA 
 
 Source: U.S. Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of Energy. 
 Excludes regenerated lime. 
 Not available. 
 
 28 
 
Table 6 Fuels and energy consumed in Illinois, 1991-1992 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 1992 
 
 Change 
 
 1991-1992 
 (%) 
 
 Trillion Btu b 
 
 Fuel Units 1991 
 
 1991 ce 1992 d 
 
 Coal 
 
 thousand tons 
 
 34,677 
 
 Natural gas 
 
 million ft 3 
 
 987,589 
 
 Gasoline 
 
 thousand bbl 
 
 110,960' 
 
 Kerosene 
 
 thousand bbl 
 
 203 
 
 Distillate fuel oil 
 
 thousand bbl 
 
 36,149 
 
 Residual fuel oil 
 
 thousand bbl 
 
 3,454 
 
 Liquid petroleum gases 
 
 thousand bbl 
 
 14,539 s 
 
 Nuclear power 
 
 million kWh 
 
 71,866 
 
 Hydropower 
 
 million kWh 
 
 70 
 
 TOTAL 
 
 
 
 31,612 
 
 993,000 
 
 113,895 
 
 142 
 
 36,377 
 
 2,354 
 
 12,482 
 
 73,742 
 
 69 
 
 Illinois percentage of total U.S. energy consumption 
 Percentage of total energy consumed in Illinois 
 
 Coal 
 
 Natural gas 
 
 Oil products 
 
 Nuclear power 
 
 Hydropower 
 
 -8.8 
 +0.5 
 +2.6 
 -30.0 
 +0.6 
 -31.8 
 -14.1 
 -2.6 
 -1.4 
 
 733.3 
 
 668.3 
 
 1,006.4 
 
 1,001.3 
 
 585.3 e 
 
 601.2 
 
 1.2 
 
 0.8 
 
 210.6 
 
 211.9 
 
 21.7 
 
 14.8 
 
 52.5 e 
 
 45.2 
 
 771.8 
 
 787.4 
 
 0.7 
 
 0.7 
 
 3,383.5 e 
 
 3,331.6 
 
 4.2 
 
 4.1 
 
 21.67 
 
 20.06 
 
 29.75 
 
 30.06 
 
 25.75 
 
 26.23 
 
 22.81 
 
 23.63 
 
 0.02 
 
 0.02 
 
 100.00 
 
 100.00 
 
 Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration. 
 
 Fuel conversion factors: gasoline— 5,253,000 Btu/bbl; kerosene— 5,670,000 Btu/bbl; distillate fuel oil— 5,825,000 Btu/bbl; 
 
 residual fuel oil— 6,287,000 Btu/bbl. 
 
 1991 fuel conversion factors: coal— 21,146,000 Btu/ton; natural gas— 1,019 Btu/Mcf; LPG— 3,614,000 Btu/bbl; nuclear 
 power— 10,740 Btu/kWh; hydropower— 10,352 Btu/kWh. 
 
 1992 fuel conversion factors: coal— 21,142,000 Btu/ton; natural gas— 1,018 Btu/Mcf; LPG— 3,624,000 Btu/bbl; nuclear 
 power— 10,678 Btu/kWh; hydropower— 10,335 Btu/kWh. 
 
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Table 8 Coal production in Illinois counties, 1 833-1 992 a 
 
 
 Cumulative tota 
 
 I Cumulative total 
 
 
 Cumulative total 
 
 Cumulative total 
 
 
 surface production production 
 
 
 surface production 
 
 production 
 
 County 
 
 (tons) 
 
 (tons) 
 
 County 
 
 (tons) 
 
 (tons) 
 
 Adams 
 
 338,147 
 
 341 ,924 
 
 Macoupin 
 
 — 
 
 337,161,705 
 
 Bond 
 
 — 
 
 7,355,569 
 
 Madison 
 
 37,843 
 
 164,295,772 
 
 Brown 
 
 41,761 
 
 74,068 
 
 Marion 
 
 — 
 
 39,247,722 
 
 Bureau 
 
 1 1 ,094,808 
 
 53,823,055 
 
 Marshall 
 
 4,779 
 
 12,516,141 
 
 Calhoun 
 
 — 
 
 96,247 
 
 McDonough 
 
 4,961,066 
 
 7,569,547 
 
 Cass 
 
 — 
 
 212,477 
 
 McLean 
 
 
 
 5,544,139 
 
 Christian 
 
 — 
 
 355,957,930 
 
 Menard 
 
 — 
 
 13,462,005 
 
 Clark 
 
 4,482 
 
 4,482 
 
 Mercer 
 
 67,080 
 
 15,519,862 
 
 Clay 
 
 801 
 
 801 
 
 Monroe 
 
 — 
 
 8,284 
 
 Clinton 
 
 — 
 
 76,562,194 
 
 Montgomery 
 
 — 
 
 141,824,660 
 
 Coles 
 
 — 
 
 210,930 
 
 Morgan 
 
 13,564 
 
 190,787 
 
 Crawford 
 
 17,315 
 
 45,400 
 
 Moultrie 
 
 — 
 
 2,032,236 
 
 Douglas 
 
 — 
 
 44,397,202 
 
 Peoria 
 
 32,702,938 
 
 96,718,740 
 
 Edgar 
 
 1,587,442 
 
 2,295,898 
 
 Perry 
 
 387,332,001 
 
 491,175,248 
 
 Effingham 
 
 — 
 
 796 
 
 Pike 
 
 2,224 
 
 5,081 
 
 Franklin 
 
 — 
 
 701 ,374,664 
 
 Pope 
 
 34,704 
 
 36,266 
 
 Fulton 
 
 240,41 1 ,533 
 
 317,006,919 
 
 Putnam 
 
 — 
 
 10,071,893 
 
 Gallatin 
 
 11,191,409 
 
 53,355,553 
 
 Randolph 
 
 103,711,596 
 
 237,318,163 
 
 Greene 
 
 71,090 
 
 693,191 
 
 Richland 
 
 35 
 
 154 
 
 Grundy 
 
 1 ,635,422 
 
 40,872,430 
 
 Rock Island 
 
 — 
 
 3,846,169 
 
 Hamilton 
 
 — 
 
 6,172,927 
 
 St. Clair 
 
 116,444,567 
 
 367,370,806 
 
 Hancock 
 
 459,329 
 
 771,281 
 
 Saline 
 
 65,006,743 
 
 319,815,712 
 
 Hardin 
 
 — 
 
 40 
 
 Sangamon 
 
 — 
 
 233,449,607 
 
 Henry 
 
 9,065,783 
 
 22,910,053 
 
 Schuyler 
 
 1 1 ,048,655 
 
 12,752,071 
 
 Jackson 
 
 60,531,911 
 
 128,204,823 
 
 Scott 
 
 3,790 
 
 612,476 
 
 Jasper 
 
 — 
 
 23,739 
 
 Shelby 
 
 925 
 
 4,119,763 
 
 Jefferson 
 
 5,353,358 
 
 166,256,683 
 
 Stark 
 
 8,342,056 
 
 9,569,336 
 
 Jersey 
 
 2,290 
 
 120,350 
 
 Tazewell 
 
 — 
 
 17,633,802 
 
 Johnson 
 
 72,781 
 
 314,325 
 
 Vermilion 
 
 30,651,670 
 
 165,878,433 
 
 Kankakee 
 
 18,284,342 
 
 19,192,105 
 
 Wabash 
 
 12,082 
 
 44,394,114 
 
 Knox 
 
 62,601,174 
 
 65,896,605 
 
 Warren 
 
 132 
 
 685,466 
 
 La Salle 
 
 2,345,878 
 
 65,547,638 
 
 Washington 
 
 — 
 
 37,271,317 
 
 Livingston 
 
 139,091 
 
 10,111,437 
 
 White 
 
 — 
 
 14,075,328 
 
 Logan 
 
 — 
 
 25,088,376 
 
 Will 
 
 29,333,708 
 
 37,553,733 
 
 Macon 
 
 — 
 
 1 1 ,000,468 
 
 Williamson 
 
 106,545,871 
 
 463,856,056 
 
 
 
 
 Woodford 
 
 — 
 
 7,810,160 
 
 Total cumulative 
 
 surface 
 
 
 Estimated production, 
 
 
 production, 
 
 
 
 all counties, 
 
 
 
 1911-1992 
 
 
 1,321,508,176 
 
 1833-1881 
 
 
 73,386,123 
 
 Total cumulative 
 
 
 
 Total cumulative 
 
 
 
 production, 
 
 
 
 production, 
 
 
 
 1882-1992 
 
 
 5,491,685,332 
 
 1833-1992 
 
 5,565,071,455 
 
 Source: Illinois State Department of Mines and Minerals, Annual Coal, Oil and Gas Reports. This table was revised to place 
 production in the county where the tipple is located. 
 
 31 
 
Table 9 Employment and production by method of coal mining in Illinois, 1981-1992 3 
 
 
 
 
 Underground 
 
 
 
 Surface 
 
 
 
 
 
 Average 
 
 Average no. 
 
 
 
 Average 
 
 Average no. 
 
 
 No. of 
 
 No. of 
 
 production/ 
 
 employees/ 
 
 No. of 
 
 No. of 
 
 production/ 
 
 employees/ 
 
 Year 
 
 mines 
 
 employees 
 
 mine (tons) 
 
 mine 
 
 mines 
 
 employees 
 
 mine (tons) 
 
 mine 
 
 1981 
 
 31 
 
 13,351 
 
 943,081 
 
 431 
 
 27 
 
 4,797 
 
 835,672 
 
 178 
 
 1982 
 
 32 
 
 10,554 
 
 1,115,121 
 
 330 
 
 28 
 
 4,397 
 
 919,439 
 
 157 
 
 1983 
 
 31 
 
 10,514 
 
 1 ,076,464 
 
 339 
 
 23 
 
 4,245 
 
 1 ,087,096 
 
 185 
 
 1984 
 
 31 
 
 10,857 
 
 1,288,564 
 
 350 
 
 21 
 
 3,946 
 
 1 ,206,843 
 
 188 
 
 1985 
 
 32 
 
 11,386 
 
 1 ,207,769 
 
 356 
 
 20 
 
 3,445 
 
 1,091,432 
 
 172 
 
 1986 
 
 31 
 
 10,379 
 
 1,320,375 
 
 335 
 
 20 
 
 3,170 
 
 1,115,084 
 
 159 
 
 1987 
 
 28 
 
 9,263 
 
 1,399,588 
 
 331 
 
 19 
 
 2,925 
 
 1,135,416 
 
 154 
 
 1988 
 
 27 
 
 8,830 
 
 1,477,178 
 
 327 
 
 16 
 
 2,684 
 
 1 ,248,037 
 
 168 
 
 1989 
 
 27 
 
 8,729 
 
 1,501,026 
 
 323 
 
 15 
 
 2,376 
 
 1 ,306,890 
 
 158 
 
 1990 
 
 26 
 
 7,740 
 
 1 ,654,275 
 
 298 
 
 16 
 
 2,389 
 
 1,165,371 
 
 149 
 
 1991 
 
 29 
 
 7,844 
 
 1,521,809 
 
 270 
 
 15 
 
 1,823 
 
 1 ,060,204 
 
 122 
 
 1992 
 
 27 
 
 7,490 
 
 1,758,658 
 
 277 
 
 12 
 
 1,442 
 
 1 ,070,673 
 
 120 
 
 Source: Illinois Department of Mines and Minerals, Annual Coal, Oil and Gas Report. 
 
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 35 
 
Table 13 Crude oil production in Illinois counties, 1888-1992; value for 1991 and 1992 a 
 
 
 1888-1992 
 
 
 1991 
 
 
 
 1992 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 cumulative 
 
 
 % of total 
 
 
 
 % of total 
 
 
 1991-1992 
 
 
 production 
 
 Production 
 
 Illinois 
 
 Value d 
 
 Production 
 
 Illinois 
 
 Value d 
 
 production 
 
 County 
 
 (1000 bbl) 
 
 (1000 bbl) 
 
 production 
 
 ($1000) 
 
 (1000 bbl) 
 
 production 
 
 ($1000) 
 
 % change 
 
 Adams 
 
 292 
 
 5 
 
 0.0 
 
 101 
 
 3 
 
 0.0 
 
 53 
 
 -4.7 
 
 Bond 
 
 8,311 
 
 63 
 
 0.3 
 
 1,273 
 
 61 
 
 0.3 
 
 1,171 
 
 -3.5 
 
 Brown 
 
 2,191 
 
 37 
 
 0.2 
 
 755 
 
 35 
 
 0.2 
 
 682 
 
 -5.3 
 
 Champaign 
 
 7 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 Christian 
 
 30,741 
 
 256 
 
 1.3 
 
 5,159 
 
 251 
 
 1.3 
 
 4,832 
 
 -1.8 
 
 Clark-Cumberland 
 
 95,277 
 
 265 
 
 1.4 
 
 5,351 
 
 299 
 
 1.6 
 
 5,761 
 
 +12.9 
 
 Clay 
 
 151,437 
 
 917 
 
 4.8 
 
 18,510 
 
 880 
 
 4.6 
 
 16,944 
 
 -4.0 
 
 Clinton 
 
 88,904 
 
 215 
 
 1.1 
 
 4,343 
 
 229 
 
 1.2 
 
 4,401 
 
 +6.3 
 
 Coles 
 
 25,558 
 
 159 
 
 0.8 
 
 3,203 
 
 129 
 
 0.7 
 
 2,476 
 
 -19.0 
 
 Crawford 
 
 257,449 
 
 2,089 
 
 11.0 
 
 42,185 
 
 1,764 
 
 9.2 
 
 33,967 
 
 -15.6 
 
 De Witt 
 
 3,949 
 
 54 
 
 0.3 
 
 1,084 
 
 52 
 
 0.3 
 
 1,006 
 
 -2.8 
 
 Douglas 
 
 3,684 
 
 5 
 
 0.0 
 
 104 
 
 6 
 
 0.0 
 
 123 
 
 +23.9 
 
 Edgar 
 
 4,833 
 
 81 
 
 0.4 
 
 1,629 
 
 78 
 
 0.4 
 
 1,497 
 
 -3.6 
 
 Edwards 
 
 58,244 
 
 488 
 
 2.6 
 
 9.852 
 
 423 
 
 2.2 
 
 8,138 
 
 +13.4 
 
 Effingham 
 
 20,624 
 
 253 
 
 1.3 
 
 5,104 
 
 300 
 
 1.6 
 
 5,784 
 
 +18.8 
 
 Fayette 
 
 413,962 
 
 975 
 
 5.1 
 
 19,691 
 
 969 
 
 5.1 
 
 18,654 
 
 -0.7 
 
 Franklin 
 
 83,154 
 
 675 
 
 3.5 
 
 13,629 
 
 598 
 
 3.1 
 
 11,519 
 
 -11.4 
 
 Gallatin 
 
 56,671 
 
 293 
 
 1.5 
 
 5,917 
 
 293 
 
 1.5 
 
 5,635 
 
 -0.2 
 
 Hamilton 
 
 138,917 
 
 309 
 
 1.6 
 
 6,232 
 
 257 
 
 1.3 
 
 4,945 
 
 -16.8 
 
 Jackson 
 
 115 
 
 4 
 
 0.0 
 
 85 
 
 2 
 
 0.0 
 
 40 
 
 -50.8 
 
 Jasper 
 
 62,620 
 
 661 
 
 3.5 
 
 13,342 
 
 616 
 
 3.2 
 
 1 1 ,872 
 
 -6.7 
 
 Jefferson 
 
 96,758 
 
 710 
 
 3.7 
 
 14,342 
 
 712 
 
 3.7 
 
 13,707 
 
 +0.2 
 
 Lawrence 
 
 430,631 
 
 2,559 
 
 13.4 
 
 51,657 
 
 2,479 
 
 13.0 
 
 47,753 
 
 -3.1 
 
 Macon 
 
 2,740 
 
 66 
 
 0.4 
 
 1,343 
 
 49 
 
 0.3 
 
 944 
 
 -26.3 
 
 Macoupin 
 
 415 
 
 10 
 
 0.1 
 
 196 
 
 9 
 
 0.1 
 
 178 
 
 -5.0 
 
 Madison 
 
 18,946 
 
 75 
 
 0.4 
 
 1,521 
 
 104 
 
 0.5 
 
 2,001 
 
 +37.9 
 
 Marion 
 
 437,782 
 
 1,209 
 
 6.3 
 
 24,410 
 
 1,225 
 
 6.4 
 
 23,590 
 
 + 1.3 
 
 McDonough- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Hancock c 
 
 5,703 
 
 2 
 
 0.0 
 
 49 
 
 2 
 
 0.0 
 
 48 
 
 +2.1 
 
 Monroe 
 
 169 
 
 20 
 
 0.1 
 
 399 
 
 23 
 
 0.1 
 
 439 
 
 +15.4 
 
 Montgomery 
 
 165 
 
 2 
 
 0.0 
 
 43 
 
 2 
 
 0.0 
 
 44 
 
 +7.1 
 
 Morgan 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 0.0 
 
 20 
 
 1 
 
 0.0 
 
 17 
 
 -10.5 
 
 Moultrie 
 
 140 
 
 2 
 
 0.0 
 
 42 
 
 2 
 
 0.0 
 
 42 
 
 +4.5 
 
 Perry 
 
 970 
 
 8 
 
 0.1 
 
 162 
 
 5 
 
 0.0 
 
 103 
 
 -33.2 
 
 Piatt 
 
 8 
 
 f 
 
 0.0 
 
 3 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 Randolph 
 
 5,048 
 
 11 
 
 0.1 
 
 218 
 
 34 
 
 0.2 
 
 649 
 
 +211.7 
 
 Richland 
 
 113,831 
 
 611 
 
 3.2 
 
 12,329 
 
 611 
 
 3.2 
 
 1 1 ,770 
 
 +0.1 
 
 St. Clair 
 
 3,699 
 
 20 
 
 0.1 
 
 409 
 
 21 
 
 0.1 
 
 412 
 
 +5.4 
 
 Saline 
 
 25,405 
 
 226 
 
 1.2 
 
 4,571 
 
 202 
 
 1.1 
 
 3,886 
 
 -10.9 
 
 Sangamon 
 
 5,343 
 
 79 
 
 0.4 
 
 1,586 
 
 79 
 
 0.4 
 
 1,512 
 
 0.0 
 
 Schuyler 
 
 248 
 
 13 
 
 0.1 
 
 257 
 
 11 
 
 0.1 
 
 217 
 
 -11.8 
 
 Shelby 
 
 2,364 
 
 52 
 
 0.3 
 
 1,058 
 
 46 
 
 0.2 
 
 877 
 
 -13.1 
 
 Wabash 
 
 123,689 
 
 931 
 
 4.9 
 
 18,806 
 
 863 
 
 4.5 
 
 16,615 
 
 -7.4 
 
 Washington 
 
 36,973 
 
 360 
 
 1.9 
 
 7,266 
 
 377 
 
 2.0 
 
 7,267 
 
 +4.8 
 
 Wayne 
 
 281,060 
 
 1,572 
 
 8.3 
 
 31,744 
 
 1,799 
 
 9.4 
 
 34,640 
 
 +14.4 
 
 White 
 
 321,431 
 
 1,728 
 
 9.1 
 
 34,888 
 
 1,628 
 
 8.5 
 
 31,363 
 
 -5.8 
 
 Williamson 
 
 2,875 
 
 39 
 
 0.2 
 
 785 
 
 44 
 
 0.2 
 
 847 
 
 ^13.1 
 
 Other" 
 
 20,097 
 
 955 
 
 5.0 
 
 19,288 
 
 1,566 
 
 8.2 
 
 30,165 
 
 +63.9 
 
 TOTAL 6 
 
 3,443,435 
 
 19,066 
 
 100.0 
 
 384,941 
 
 19,137 
 
 100.0 
 
 368,586 
 
 +0.4 
 
 Source: Illinois State Geological Survey. 
 
 Could not be assigned to individual field or county. 
 
 No oil production reported for Hancock County in 1971-1978; 156 bbl was produced in 1991 and 277 bbl in 1992. 
 
 Value calculated at an estimated average price of $20.19/barrel for 1991 and $19.26/barrel for 1992. 
 
 Data may not add up to totals shown because of independent rounding. 
 
 Less than 1,000 bbl. 
 
 36 
 
Table 14 
 
 Crude oil production from major fields (moi 
 
 e than 200,000 barrels per year) 
 
 in Illinois, 1991- 
 
 -1992 a 
 
 
 
 
 
 1991 
 
 
 1992 
 
 
 1991- 
 chanc 
 
 
 Field 
 
 County 
 
 Production 
 (1000 bbl) 
 
 % of Illinois 
 total 
 
 Production 
 (1000 bbl) 
 
 % of Illinois 
 total 
 
 -1992 
 |e (%) 
 
 Lawrence 
 
 Lawrence 
 Crawford 
 
 Clay City 
 Consolidated 
 
 Clay 
 Wayne 
 Richland 
 Jasper 
 
 Main Consolidated 
 
 Crawford 
 Lawrence 
 Jasper 
 
 Salem 
 
 Marion 
 Jefferson 
 
 Louden 
 
 Fayette 
 Effingham 
 
 New Harmony 
 Consolidated 
 
 White 
 
 Wabash 
 
 Edwards 
 
 Sailor Springs 
 Consolidated 
 
 Clay 
 
 Jasper 
 
 Effingham 
 
 Phillipstown 
 Consolidated 
 
 White 
 Edwards 
 
 Roland 
 Consolidated 
 
 White 
 Gallatin 
 
 Albion Consolidated 
 
 Edwards 
 White 
 
 Allendale 
 
 Wabash 
 Lawrence 
 
 Johnsonville 
 Consolidated 
 
 Wayne 
 
 Herald 
 Consolidated 
 
 White 
 Gallatin 
 
 TOTAL 
 
 2,504.5 
 
 1,998.4 
 930.8 
 858.6 
 
 811.5 
 
 405.8 
 
 365.5 
 
 280.4 
 
 238.6 
 
 222.9 
 b 
 
 214.4 
 
 10,945.4 
 
 13.1 
 
 2,114.0 11.1 
 
 10.5 
 
 4.9 
 
 4.5 
 
 4.3 
 
 2.1 
 
 1.9 
 
 1.5 
 
 1.3 
 
 1.2 
 
 1.1 
 
 57.4 
 
 2,412.6 
 
 2,116.8 
 
 790.2 
 
 10,667.5 
 
 12.6 
 
 11.1 
 
 4.1 
 
 55.7 
 
 -3.7 
 
 +0.1 
 
 1,667.4 
 
 8.7 
 
 -16.6 
 
 945.7 
 
 4.9 
 
 +1.6 
 
 848.5 
 
 4.4 
 
 -1.2 
 
 -2.6 
 
 374.3 
 
 2.0 
 
 -7.8 
 
 392.9 
 
 2.1 
 
 +7.5 
 
 258.2 
 
 1.3 
 
 -7.9 
 
 225.8 
 
 1.2 
 
 -5.4 
 
 203.8 
 
 1.1 
 
 -8.6 
 
 431.4 
 
 2.3 
 
 , 
 
 -2.5 
 
 a Source: Illinois State Geological Survey. 
 b Less than 200,000 barrels of oil per year. 
 
 37 
 
Table 15 Petroleum products consumed in Illinois, 1 988-1 992 a 
 
 1988 
 
 1989 d 
 
 1990° 
 
 1991 c 
 
 1992 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 20,344 
 
 120,176 
 
 124,538 
 
 110,960 
 
 113,895 
 
 350 
 
 367 
 
 174 
 
 203 
 
 142 
 
 33,662 
 
 34,565 
 
 42,529 
 
 36,149 
 
 36,377 
 
 5,908 
 
 4,048 
 
 3,622 
 
 3,454 
 
 2,354 
 
 3,369 
 
 3,455 
 
 3,556 
 
 3,181 
 
 3,243 
 
 45,341 
 
 12,389 
 
 12,471 
 
 14,539 
 
 12,482 
 
 5,604 
 
 8,052 
 
 8,339 
 
 7,917 
 
 9,293 
 
 28,278 
 
 28,145 
 
 30,692 
 
 28,797 
 
 32,665 
 
 242,855 
 
 211,199 
 
 225,918 
 
 205,201 
 
 210,451 
 
 Motor gasoline 
 Kerosene 
 Distillate fuel oil 
 Residual fuel oil 
 Lubricants 
 Liquefied gases 
 Asphalt and road oil 
 Other c 
 TOTAL 
 
 Source: State Energy Data Report, U.S. DOE/EIA-0214. 
 
 Aviation and motor gasoline and jet fuel. 
 
 Includes natural gasoline, unfractionated stream, plant condensate, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, 
 
 nonelectric utility sector use of petroleum coke, still gas, wax, unfinished oils, motor gasoline and aviation gasoline 
 
 lending components, and miscellaneous products. 
 
 Revised. 
 
 Table 16 Natural 
 
 gas production in 
 
 Illinois, 
 
 1 985-1 992 a 
 
 
 
 
 Withdrawals (million cu ft) 
 
 
 
 Gas 
 
 
 Oil 
 
 
 Year 
 
 wells 
 
 
 wells 
 
 Total 
 
 1985 
 
 1,228.0 
 
 
 96.0 
 
 1,324 
 
 1986 
 
 1,545.9 
 
 
 341.6 
 
 1,888 
 
 1987 
 
 1,215.2 
 
 
 155.8 
 
 1,371 
 
 1988 
 
 1,289.5 
 
 
 181.2 
 
 1,471 
 
 1989 
 
 1 ,268.0 
 
 
 209.0 
 
 1,477 
 
 1990 
 
 653.0 
 
 
 24.0 
 
 677 
 
 1991 
 
 453.0 
 
 
 13.0 
 
 466 
 
 1992 
 
 336.0 
 
 
 10.0 
 
 346 
 
 Source: Illinois State Geological Survey. 
 
 38 
 
Table 17 Natural gas production from large fields in Illinois counties, 1 990-1 992 a 
 
 
 County 
 
 
 Production (million 
 
 cuft) 
 
 Change (%) 
 
 
 Gas field 
 
 1990 
 
 1991 
 
 1992 
 
 1990-1991 
 
 1991-1992 
 
 Liberty 
 
 Adams 
 
 181.7 
 
 41.3 
 
 e 
 
 -77.3 
 
 
 — 
 
 Stolletown 
 
 Clinton 
 
 33.3 
 
 18.8 
 
 b 
 
 -43.5 
 
 
 — 
 
 Mattoon 
 
 Coles 
 
 60.6 
 
 32.9 
 
 41.1 
 
 -45.7 
 
 
 +24.9 
 
 Ashmore East 
 
 Edgar 
 
 28.2 
 
 21.5 
 
 26.7 
 
 -23.8 
 
 
 +24.2 
 
 Omaha 
 
 Gallatin 
 
 58.3 
 
 81.0 
 
 83.0 
 
 +38.9 
 
 
 +2.5 
 
 St. Libory 
 
 St. Clair 
 
 104.6 
 
 95.1 
 
 93.7 
 
 -9.1 
 
 
 -1.5 
 
 Eldorado West 
 
 Saline 
 
 38.4 
 
 38.5 
 
 44.2 
 
 +0.3 
 
 
 +14.8 
 
 Harco East 
 
 Saline 
 
 — 
 
 b 
 
 37.7 
 
 — 
 
 
 — 
 
 Raleigh South 
 
 Saline 
 
 b 
 
 b 
 
 e 
 
 -2.5 
 
 
 — 
 
 Pittsburg 
 
 Williamson 
 
 133.9 
 
 101.5 
 
 e 
 
 -24.2 
 
 
 — 
 
 Other" 
 
 
 37.9 
 
 35.5 
 
 19.3 
 
 -6.3 
 
 
 -45.6 
 
 TOTAL c 
 
 676.9 
 
 466.1 
 
 345.6 
 
 -31.1 
 
 
 -25.9 
 
 Source: Illinois State Geological Survey. Fields producing 20 million cu ft or more. 
 
 Louden, Fayette, and Effingham Counties (1990, 1991, 1992); Eden, Randolph County; Eldorado Consolidated, Saline 
 
 County (1990, 1991); Raleigh South, Saline County (1990, 1991); Harco East, Saline County (1991); Stolletown, 
 
 Clinton County (1992). 
 
 Data may not add up to totals shown because of independent rounding. 
 
 Depleted. 
 
 Idled. 
 
 Table 18 Natural gas consumed in Illinois, 1991-1992 3 
 
 
 
 1991 
 
 
 
 1992 
 
 
 Consumers 
 
 Quantity 
 
 (million 
 
 cuft) 
 
 % of total 
 consumption 
 
 Quantity 
 
 (million 
 
 cuft) 
 
 % of total 
 consumption 
 
 1991-1992 
 change (%) 
 
 Residential 
 
 466,970 
 
 
 47.3 
 
 475,597 
 
 47.9 
 
 +1.8 
 
 Commercial 
 
 193,842 
 
 
 19.6 
 
 194,517 
 
 19.6 
 
 +0.3 
 
 Industrial 
 
 302,691 
 
 
 30.6 
 
 303,146 
 
 30.5 
 
 +0.2 
 
 Electric utilities 
 
 12,865 
 
 
 1.4 
 
 9,290 
 
 0.9 
 
 -27.8 
 
 Vehicle fuel 
 
 7 
 
 
 — 
 
 1 
 
 — 
 
 -85.7 
 
 Total delivered 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 to consumers 
 
 976,374 
 
 
 98.9 
 
 982,551 
 
 98.9 
 
 +0.6 
 
 Other uses" 
 
 1,215 
 
 
 1.1 
 
 10,449 
 
 1.1 
 
 +760.0 
 
 Total consumption 
 
 987,589 
 
 
 100.0 
 
 993,000 
 
 100.0 
 
 +0.5 
 
 a Source: U.S. Department of Energy. 
 
 b Includes lease and plant fuel, pipeline fuel, and extraction loss. 
 
 
 
 Not available. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 39 
 
Table 1 9 Production and value of sand and gravel in districts of Illinois, 8 1 992 b 
 
 County 
 
 Companies Operations 
 
 Total quantity 
 (1000 ton) 
 
 Value 
 ($1000) 
 
 District 1 
 
 
 
 Boone 
 
 Jo Davies 
 
 Rock Island 
 
 Bureau 
 
 Kane 
 
 Stephenson 
 
 Cook 
 
 Lake 
 
 Whiteside 
 
 De Kalb 
 
 McHenry 
 
 Will 
 
 Du Page 
 
 Ogle 
 
 Winnebago 
 
 Henry 
 
 
 
 District 2 
 
 
 
 Adams 
 
 Peoria 
 
 Sangamon 
 
 Fulton 
 
 Pike 
 
 Tazewell 
 
 Logan 
 
 
 
 District 3 
 
 
 
 Champaign 
 
 Kendall 
 
 Moultrie 
 
 Clark 
 
 La Salle 
 
 Piatt 
 
 Coles 
 
 Livingston 
 
 Putnam 
 
 Cumberland 
 
 Macon 
 
 Shelby 
 
 Ford 
 
 Marshall 
 
 Vermilion 
 
 Grundy 
 
 McLean 
 
 Woodford 
 
 Kankakee 
 
 
 
 District 4 
 
 
 
 Bond 
 
 Jackson 
 
 Randolph 
 
 Crawford 
 
 Lawrence 
 
 Saline 
 
 Fayette 
 
 Madison 
 
 St. Clair 
 
 Gallatin 
 
 Pulaski 
 
 White 
 
 51 
 
 16 
 
 45 
 
 18 
 
 59 
 
 18 
 
 52 
 
 20 
 
 22,405 
 
 3,966 
 
 6,823 
 
 2,501 
 
 83,095 
 
 12,053 
 
 21,330 
 
 7,242 
 
 TOTAL 
 
 113' 
 
 149 
 
 35,695 
 
 123,720 
 
 a See figure 9. 
 
 b Source: U.S. Bureau of Mines. 
 
 Column does not add up to the total shown because some companies have operations in more than one county. 
 
 Table 20 Illinois sand and gravel production by size of operation, 1990 and 1992 a 
 
 
 
 1990 
 
 
 
 1992 
 
 
 Size of operation 
 
 No. of 
 
 Production 8 
 
 %0f 
 
 No. Of 
 
 Production" 
 
 %of 
 
 (tons/years) 
 
 operations 
 
 (1000 tons) 
 
 total 
 
 operations 
 
 (1000 tons) 
 
 total 
 
 less than 25,000 
 
 31 
 
 227 
 
 0.7 
 
 30 
 
 264 
 
 0.7 
 
 25,000 to 49,999 
 
 17 
 
 628 
 
 1.9 
 
 11 
 
 392 
 
 1.1 
 
 50,000 to 99,999 
 
 28 
 
 2,121 
 
 6.6 
 
 29 
 
 2,077 
 
 5.8 
 
 100,000 to 199,999 
 
 32 
 
 4,757 
 
 14.7 
 
 34 
 
 5,172 
 
 14.5 
 
 200,000 to 299,999 
 
 14 
 
 3,402 
 
 10.5 
 
 16 
 
 3,884 
 
 10.9 
 
 300,000 to 399,999 
 
 6 
 
 2,067 
 
 6.4 
 
 6 
 
 1,974 
 
 5.5 
 
 400,000 to 999,999 
 
 6 
 
 3,388 
 
 10.4 
 
 15 
 
 8,495 
 
 23.8 
 
 1 ,000,000 and more 
 
 9 
 
 15,790 
 
 48.8 
 
 8 
 
 13,437 
 
 37.7 
 
 TOTAL 
 
 143 
 
 32.380 
 
 100.0 
 
 149 
 
 35,696 
 
 100.0 
 
 Source: U.S. Bureau of Mines. As a result of the canvassing procedure used for sand and gravel production, 1991 
 information will not be available. 
 
 40 
 
Table 21 Use of sand and gravel produced in Illinois, 1990 and 1992 a 
 
 
 199C 
 
 ) 
 
 1992 
 
 1990-92 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1990-92 
 
 
 Quantity 
 
 Value 
 
 Quantity 
 
 Value 
 
 change in 
 
 change in 
 
 
 (1000 tons) 
 
 ($1000) 
 
 (1000 tons) 
 
 ($1000) 
 
 quantity (%) 
 
 value (%) 
 
 Sand and gravel 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Construction operations 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Building 
 
 16,427 
 
 47,969 
 
 10,185 
 
 31,835 
 
 -38.0 
 
 -33.6 
 
 Paving 
 
 7,638 
 
 31,525 
 
 8,166 
 
 35,974 
 
 +6.9 
 
 +14.1 
 
 Fill 
 
 3,700 
 
 9,354 
 
 3,920 
 
 11,375 
 
 +5.9 
 
 +21.6 
 
 Other uses b 
 
 4,616 
 
 15,880 
 
 13,424 
 
 44,536 
 
 +190.8 
 
 +180.5 
 
 Total c 
 
 32,380 
 
 104,728 
 
 35,695 
 
 123,720 
 
 +10.2 
 
 +18.1 
 
 Industrial sancf 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total c 
 
 4,328 
 
 56,142 
 
 4,410 
 
 56,741 
 
 +1.9 
 
 +1.1 
 
 Total sand and gravel 
 
 36,708 
 
 160,870 
 
 40,105 
 
 180,461 
 
 +9.3 
 
 +12.2 
 
 a Source: U.S. Bureau of Mines. 
 
 b Includes railroad ballast and other unspecified materials 
 
 Data may not add up to totals shown because of independent rounding. 
 
 d Data on use for industrial sand are no longer received. 
 
 41 
 
Table 22 Portland cement manufactured in Illinois, 1 991-1 992 a 
 
 
 
 
 Change (%) 
 
 
 1991 
 
 1992 
 
 1991-1992 
 
 Active plants 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 — 
 
 Production (tons) 
 
 2,665,000 
 
 
 
 Shipments from mills 
 
 
 
 
 Quantity (tons) 
 
 2,815,967 
 
 2,854,000 
 
 +1.35 
 
 Value ($) 
 
 116,046,000 
 
 118,747,000 
 
 +3.19 
 
 Average value/ton 
 
 41.21 
 
 41.61 
 
 +0.97 
 
 Stocks at mills, Dec. 31 
 
 
 
 
 (tons) 
 
 310,000 
 
 
 
 a Source: U.S. Bureau of Mines. 
 
 Table 23 Illinois mineral production data for 1992 compared with preliminary data for 1993 a 
 
 
 
 
 1992 
 
 
 1993 
 
 Chang 
 1992- 
 
 e (%) 
 
 
 
 Value 
 
 
 Value 
 
 1993 
 
 
 
 
 Minerals extracted 
 
 Unit 
 
 Quantity 
 
 ($ 1000) 
 
 Quantity 
 
 ($ 1000) 
 
 Quantity 
 
 Value 
 
 Fuels 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Coal 
 
 thousand 
 
 60,332 
 
 1 ,668,778 
 
 42,246 
 
 1,168,524 b 
 
 -30.0 
 
 -30.0 
 
 Crude oil 
 
 thousand bbl 
 
 19,137 
 
 368,586 
 
 19,090 b 
 
 34,075 b 
 
 -1.7 
 
 -10.7 
 
 Natural gas 
 
 million cu ft 
 
 346 
 
 743 
 
 250 b 
 
 575 b 
 
 -22.7 
 
 -22.6 
 
 Industrial and construction materials 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Stone c 
 
 thousand tons 
 
 72,700 ' 
 
 332,800 ' 
 
 73,500 
 
 338,100 
 
 +1.1 
 
 +4.7 
 
 Sand and gravel 
 
 thousand tons 
 
 40,105 
 
 180,461 
 
 41,273' 
 
 189,389' 
 
 +2.9 
 
 +4.9 
 
 Clay d 
 
 thousand tons 
 
 590 
 
 2,362 
 
 188 
 
 1,147 
 
 -68.1 
 
 -51.4 
 
 Metals, gemstones 
 
 and 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 other undisclosed 6 
 
 
 
 63,845 
 
 
 42,080 
 
 
 -34.1 
 
 Total value of minerals extracted 
 
 
 2,607,575 
 
 
 2,073,895 
 
 
 -20.5 
 
 Source: U.S. Bureau of Mines and Illinois Department of Mines and Minerals. 
 Estimated by Illinois State Geological Survey. 
 Dimension stone included with values that cannot be disclosed. 
 Excludes fuller's earth; included with values that cannot be disclosed. 
 
 Includes fluorspar, zinc, barite, peat, gemstones, and fuller's earth for 1992 and 1993, and copper, lead, 
 silver, tripoli for 1992 with no estimate for 1993. 
 Estimated data. 
 
 42 
 
Table 24 Illinois coal shipped to consumers in the United States, 1991— 1993 a 
 
 
 1991 
 
 1992 
 
 1993 
 
 
 
 
 Jan-Sept 
 
 Jan-Sept 
 
 Jan-Sept 
 
 1991-1992 
 
 1992-1993 
 
 Consumers 
 
 
 (1000 tons) 
 
 
 change (%) 
 
 change (%) 
 
 
 
 
 Electric utilities 
 
 39,169 
 
 40,078 
 
 28,559 
 
 + 2.3 
 
 -28.7 
 
 Coke and gas plant 
 
 498 
 
 421 
 
 240 
 
 -15.5 
 
 -43.0 
 
 Retail dealers 
 
 257 
 
 209 
 
 249 
 
 -18.7 
 
 +19.2 
 
 Industrial plants 
 
 2,764 
 
 3,005 
 
 3,122 
 
 + 8.7 
 
 + 3.9 
 
 Used at mine 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 — 
 
 -80.0 
 
 — 
 
 Foreign 
 
 846 
 
 954 
 
 629 
 
 +12.8 
 
 -34.1 
 
 Total 
 
 43,539 
 
 44,668 
 
 32,799 
 
 + 2.6 
 
 -26.6 
 
 Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Coal Distribution, January-September 1991 and 1992, 
 and Quarterly Coal Report, January-September 1993. 
 
 Table 25 Total coal consumed by end-use sectors in Illinois, 1 991-1 993 a 
 
 
 1991 
 
 1992 
 
 1993 
 
 
 
 
 Jan-Sept 
 
 Jan-Sept 
 
 Jan-Sept 
 
 1991-1992 
 
 1992-1993 
 
 Consumers 
 
 
 (1000 tons) 
 
 
 change (%) 
 
 change (%) 
 
 
 
 
 Electric utilities 
 
 20,672 
 
 19,515 
 
 18,782 
 
 -5.6 
 
 -3.8 
 
 Coke and gas plant 
 
 1,056 
 
 1,240 
 
 1,594 
 
 +17.4 
 
 +28.6 
 
 Retail dealers 
 
 174 
 
 203 
 
 189 
 
 +16.7 
 
 -6.9 
 
 Industrial plants 
 
 3,185 
 
 2,613 
 
 3,276 
 
 -18.0 
 
 +25.4 
 
 Total 
 
 25,087 
 
 23,571 
 
 23,842 
 
 - 6.0 
 
 + 1.1 
 
 Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Quarterly Coal Report, January-September, 1991, 
 1992 and 1993. 
 
 43