■ M33-<' DEDICATED TO HER MOST GRACIOFS MATBSTT represcii(in)4 an mMM WS€mMMS€M WMA.. w l?u;Jl)lll5c^ ta bat'f l)floUl^^ tn \ <») AND THE SEVERAL SIDES OF THE M .* •' ^ ;\('(‘()iiipiiiii(‘(l l)v im LONDON.THOMAS HODGSON, 13 PATERNOSTER ROW. DUBLIN: HODGES &SMITH. BELFAST: MARCUS WARD &C?. .MIK'CCL. IS50 the university ILLINOIS From the co^'^M^lon of James Collins, Drumcondra, Ireland. Purchased, 1918. Return this book on or before the Latest Date stamped below. A charge is made on all overdue books. University of Illinois Library 'Jflh ~~P. ^ I IM- 11-11 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Alternates https://archive.org/details/fivechromolithogOOunse P'.'.' WY s. iTja i '■df V V m T • • I. I V Ik _ . ('0/,\V, f/.II{K/i:T. .MIK(TL. w I till, • ■, ft 1 i \ .ji IT ■ ' (! (tn 0 IV 135 ^ v/\ Q}.^ym/w/J IC ( 5 >U(’CU, / v^r^rj/y^^^yyyj ^\\^\AX t\y /iW (v\l ^'-AY/z/'K/y/^// (ToiJVDyjRA^ y/^^/z/y/r r^ y'-A//'rY/ ’A//^ry//r'/// ^y Yy^r / //Ai'//i:)/''/’> //w/'M y/i‘r//o//A^tj nw.syj//ymy// yz/yjAr/ y/yz/Z/y E L A 'ZyJ/ J / Oy.y^ C yzzA/rY‘/y yAuZ < lAz/wz/z/) v^y VA /:j. Z zZ ( yAy/aJry ry/////A, ;^;';Ci 75 (V //^y' y^yy/^yy /i/y' y^'yyiU'yyy./ yy y^yy^ //yc y^yy y^/yi/yy'ty.) /^yyy/^ /yy r yyy^y y/^J .yyy /y/yyyyyj j4yj/ /y //^y/y^/y/y/yy/e^y /^ry^ '/yy^/yyy y /yy y^ /^y’ yyyyj-/ y//yyyy yy /, ^’yy 'yyy yyJ yyyyy' yvy /y/z^y/Zy Zy /yy/yyyJ y’/ Q.^yJy^ ^ ^//y /yy/yyyy^y/y yy / y^yy^^Jr/y/ yyy^ yyyryjZy’/yry’ , y/y/ yyyvyy’yyyyy /^y// y/yyryyyyy yyyyy/^ ryyyy/yyyy/ /yy'j/yyyyjyyy /yy y yyJ ; yyyyy/ Jrry/yy//y// /y yyyy/yyy^ yy e^yry-y yyyyyy yy/yiyZZZy^^.'////yy//yy/^^^ / / / yy/ yyyyy /yyj/^yy/, yy/yry/yy yyJy^yy/ yyyyy/ yyyj/yyyy/yyyyy yyyyy/ ^ //y ^ /yyjyyy / yyy 'y/ yy//yyyyy.J / ' / / ^ ' / '^ // ' / /^ / '^///^ //r/(Y^ //yJ yyy /y'y/yyy/y/^ y^ yy /yyy'yyy yy^ .//yy 'y ^Zy/Z^y/Z //yyyy/j / //y : /).) ' ^//^ /^/yyyy/ /y’y //yy y /yyyy/yyyJJ /yy y/’yyyyy/yyy/^ //yyyyy yyyyyJJ /y ///' /^?y//y/yyy y/j t z^yy/yy y yyyyy/ yyyy''',.//y My-^/u:/ /y' //y y/yy //yyy/yyyy/J yy >y^/yy >yy/, / //yyZ '^y/iyy yyy/ /// '/ yyy’y;) ^ /Zyy /i/^yyyy yyyy ^^y y // /^ZZy yyyyyJ yyy/yyyy^yyy/Zy yy ' 3 /^^Zr)y/y ////’/ ' //jjyy.^y/y ; yyy/zfy’yy/ /yy/yy/ //yy 'y /yyyyy// Z/y /yyy 'y. yj y //’/'////■, / ' / /yyyyyyy.^ ZY’y>. yy yy yy/j //' f yZ/y y/yy. yyy/yy ’yyy /y/y:/^/ yy yy y yy / Z yj/y yy^ .j/yyyy.) yyyyy/ / y y yy /yyy y/Z /yyyyy yjyy yyy /yy/ / // y yy’y yyy yy ZZ'y/y.i/j ST. PATRICK’S BELL AND SHRINE. Tiif. ancient Irish Church being strongly impressed with the conventual character, there were few articles of ecclesiastical furniture more required, and none more prized, than the Hells wherewith her primitive communities were wont to be summoned to their frequent religious exercises. Presently, when tall steeples, “ slender and round,” came to be appendages of the chief religious establishments, their ])nrpose was of a mixed nature, but their name was simple, and Clog-teach, or Bell-house, expressed the principal object of their erection. From the number of specimens which have been preserved, the quadrilateral oblong shape of the ancient Irish Bell is familiar to every native antiquary ; but it is novel to those of foreign countries, and it is with a mingled feeling that the inmates of the building once the monastery of St. Gall, in Switzerland, exhibit to the visiter the Bell which belonged to its founder, for its tongue and tradition pronounce it to be a Bell, but experience lias shown them nothing whicli resembles it. The unusual appearance admits, however, of a gratifying explanation, in the fact that tiiis was tlie Irish pattern, and that St. Gall, the founder, was an Irishman. “ At home, there was scarcely one of our distinguished saints with whose memory the legend of his Bell was not associated : but antiquity, and the dignity of the original owner, invested with special sanctity those whicli were siqiposed to have been used by St. Patrick. '' When that saint ordained Fieeh to bo Bishop of the liagcnians, he is said to have committed to him, as badges of his office, a Crozicr and a Bell. One such is .said also to have been in the saint’s hand when, on Cruachan-aichlo, the modern Groagh Patrick, he had his la.st encounter with the demons of Ireland ; to tho violent ringing of which, accompanied by the recital of psalms, and the invocation of tho sacreil name, when his adversaries wore unwilling to yield, ho at last flung it w'ith all his might into tho thieke.st of their raiiLs, and thereby sjiread such consternation among them, that they all fled with precipitation into tho sea, and left tho i.sland free from their spiritual aggressions for .seven years, seven months, and seven days!'' This Bell was afterwards bestowed upon tho patron saint of Kildare, and was called the JSearnan Hrighdc, or “ 'I'Ih' Broken-bell of Brigid,” from the name of its new owner, and tho injury it sustained in its fall. Another Bell, which, in the middle ages, was held in great esteem as having belonged to tho Apostle of Ireland, was that commoidy called the Finn-faidhech of Patrick.'' It was an heir loom of the abbacy of Armagh, and is occasionally noticed in the Irish annals, as, for examph', at the year !) l(i, where tin; l''onr Masters relate that it was enq)loyeil by the epis(;opal abbot of .Vrmagh to measure tho tribute i)aid by a northern tribe tn him as sticcessor of St. Patrick : — “ 'I’he full of the k'innfadhach of silver was given by the ( 'inel-Foghain for the blessing of Patrick, and his successor at that time, i.e. “ See Irisli Iicclcni:i8tiu.il .loiiniiil, vol. v., p l;J7. ^ lie is s.vid to liavc bcstoweil (it'ty of tlioin upoii tlic cliuiolies in Coniiaiiglit whicli he foiimlcd. — 'I'rias 'riiauiii., ]i. 113, b. Hook of .Vnnagh, cited in “ O'Donovaii's li'isli (ji'aiiiinar, ” p. -ISS. Vita 'I'lipartita S. I’atiicii, ii , 04. — 'IVia.s 'riiauni,, p. 138. c " Saiictiis Macccctu.s do Doiiiriacli-lochaiii, (pii i<‘li(|uiariimi illud faiiiosuiii, iiiMicii|)atimi fahiicavit.” — t'ita 'I'l ipai't, iii., hS. 'I'rias 'I'liauin., p. 107 o " Its name signilios tlio “ Whito-toiioil,” in tin; same assoeiation of ideas wliicli gave to St. Fintan’s Hell tlio dosignation of Duhh-lahhair, or “ Hlaek-soimdiiig.”-^ Hilt the most proeioiis reliijuary of this edass, and the one to whicli we find the most frequent allusions, was the Clog-an-eadhachta Phatraic, or “ The Hell of Patrick’s Will.” At the commencement of the twelfth centnry it had a special keeper, and was then deemed worthy of that costly shrine which is the snliject of four of the drawings in the present work : in succeeding centuries its custody was continued in the same family, and proved to them a source of considerable emolument ; and, in after ages, when its profits ceased to accrue, long associations so bound it up with the affections of the keeper’s family, that they almost hold their existence upon the temfre of its safe custody, and thus lianded it down from generation to genei-ation, till the stock at last became extinct, and the object of their former care passed into a keeping established by friendship instead of blood — thus obtaining publicity as well as security, whereas it might otherwise have continued comparatively unknown and unheeded, lost to the pidjlic, though possibly preserved to an individual. The earliest mention of this reliquary which is to be found occurs in the Annals of Ulster at the year 552, in the following curious notice of a discovery made in that year ; — “ The reliques of St. Patrick brought by Columbkillc to a shrine sixty years after his death. Three precious swearing rcli(pies [that is, upon which oaths used to be administered], were found in the tomb, viz., the reliqne Coeach [or Vial], the Angel’s Gospel, and the Hell called Clog-indhcchta. The angel thus shewed to Columbkille how to divide these, viz., the Coeach to Down, the Hell to Armagh, and the Gospel to Colnmbkille himself ; and it is called the Gospel of the Angel, because Columbkille received it at the Angel’s hand.”;' Udhacht, or the earlier form Eadhacht, is the Irish for a will ; but whether the name “ Clog-an-Udhachta,” or “ Eadhachta,” had reference to this sup])oscd disposition of the angel, or to some real occurrence upon which the legend was founded, or to some transaction in St. Paitrick’s life, is not easy to bo determined. The ancient life of the saint, called the “ Tripartite,” indeed, relates that, having converted to the Christian faith the inhabitants of that part of the diocese of Armagh where the parish of Donaghmore is situate,^' he placed over them the Presbyter Colnmbns, to whom he loft his Bell and Service-book. ‘ Hut this word left denotes in the original the gift of an itinerant, rather than the bequest of a testator. After the account of the discovery, a long blank occurs in the history of this Bell, during which, however, we may presume that it acquired, as every century jiassed, more and more respect ; for, at the year 1044, its desecration cost the inhabitants of the barony of fiower Dundalk in the present county of Lonth, and of Cremorne in the comity of Monaghan, an enormous penalty. The circumstance is thus related by the Four Masters : — “ A predatory erXeursion was made by Niall, son of Maeleachlainn, lord of Aileach, into Ui-Mcith, and Cnailgne C and he carried off twelve hundred cows, and led numbei'S into captivity, in revenge of the profanation of the Clog-an-Eadhaclita. Another predatory e'.xcnrsion was made by Muircheartach Ua Neill into .Vlughdhorna,’" whence ho carried a cattle-spoil and jirisoners, in revenge of the profanation of tlie same Hell.” TIio word of the original which is licre translated profanation denotes the violation of an oath taken iqion a relic, and refers to the act of perjury rather than to any real violence or injury offered to it. " ' Colgaii, Acta Saiictiii iiin, pp. 1] — 13. O'Conor, llcruin Ilibrrnicaruin Scriptoros, vol. iv., |). 20. '' Orilnancc Survey of the county of Tyrone, sheet 4C. ‘ Part JI., caji. 142. 'I'rias Thaiini., p. 148, h. Now (hnenlli, in the parish of Carlingford —Orilnancc Survey of Couth, .sheet 5 ' Now Coolji, in the .same parisli. — Orilnancc Survey of Couth, sheet 0. Now Cremorne,^ in the county of Monaghan. " .See I’rofcssor O'Donovan’s Note on the Annals of tlio I'our Master.s, .\.|)., \2‘2!i. ;! About sixty yoars at'tc'r tliis occuri'ciico iiuiasuixis won; taken to seciiia; from iiijiii-y tlio l{oll, wliicli, l)y this time, was probably bogiiming to siitl'er from tbo otfoots of time, ami tbo elaborate! shrine, which is the ])rinei])al subject t)f interest in the accompanying drawings, was made. This information is affordey still continue in Bedfast, and " Tliore scoiiis to li;ivo boon some cunnoxion botwoon those two fiiniilios, for .a meiiibor of cacti is niontionod conjointly by the Four Masters, A.D. 14.32. P It is called, in these records, *' Caiiipana Sancti I’atrioii," winch .agrees with tlio name “St. 1‘atrick’s Hell,” by which it was known in the Mulliolland family, '! Folio 1 1 1. a, b. >' Pages 372 — 374. * On the title-page of the Irish Bible which aocompaniod the Boll is written, “ Fx libris Fdmundi Miilhollan in comitatii Antrim, his Bible, Anno Dorn. 17.70.” On a blank page at the end of Deuteronomy is written, in tho same hand, “My fathi'r, Bernard .Mulhollan, died at .Moyagoll, on Saturd.ay. tho 17th day of .bine, I75«, by four o’clock in tho morning, aged about 73 years ” ^ Kdondiitfcarrick was tho name of tho townland where tho ruins of Shane’s CasHo now stand, 'I'he village of tho same n.amc lay near it, but every vesiigo of it has boon removed, audits site is not now distinguishable from tho surrounding meadow. 4 llir()ti”li wliosc kiniliioss the pulilisliers liave Ix'cii ciialiled to ])reseiit to the public the ac-coiupaiiviiig faitht'iil (hsliiieatioiis. I’latc 1. rei)rosgiits the lk‘11 itself. It is compo.sed of two ])ioces of slioct iron, one of wliich forms the face, and, being turned over at tlie top, descends about one-third at the other side, wliei’c it meets tlie second piece, lloth are bent at equal angles along the edge, to form the sides of the Hell, to which they contrihute about equally. All the joinings are secured by riyets, and they aj)])ear to haye been externally coated oyer with an alloy resembling brass. There is a rude handle at the top, formed of a small bar, bent in the middle, and uneycnly attached at the ends. The following are the dimensions of the Bell : — Height, G inches. Breadth at shoulder, 4f inches. Breadth at foot, 5 inches. Depth at top, LV inch. Depth at bottom, 3| inches. Length of handle, 3 inches. Height of handle, I inch. It is yery much corroded, and a hole has been eaten away in one of the sides. The framework of the case is brass, which has been mended at the corners with copper, at a com- paratiyely modern period. Upon this the ornamental parts are fastened down with riyets. The sides are (piite plain, regularly expanding, however, from the top to the bottom. The top is surmounted with a curiously wrought appendage, which has been compared to a compressed mitre. The case is accompanied by a sliding plate of brass, which is received in grooves at the aperture of the base, and forms the Hoor upon whicb the Bell rests. Dr. Stuart, in his “ Historical Memoirs of the History of Armagh,” has printed the following curious observations upon it : “ On this plate, the lower edge or rim of the instrument has strongly impressed its form — a collateral presumption of the antiquity even of the cover, for the weight is not sufficient to have produced the effect, cither by its pressure, or by any friction which it coidd have occasioned, except in a long period of time. It proves, also, that when the case was made, the Boll had an uneven base, as at present, for the indentations seem not to have been the effect of wearing, but of reiterated penmssion.” '' Some parts of the ornamental work on the front have been removed, as its late owner, when first the artiede came into his possession, did not thiidc it necessary to ])lacc it under lock and key, and his .servants occasionally abstracted small portions as charms against di.seasos, and for other superstitious |)ur])ose.s. The dimensions of the case are as follows ; - Lntire height, lOi inches. Height to .S(juare, (!i inches. Dreadth at toj) of scpiare, 4f inches. Breadth at foot, 5:] inches. De])th at to]) of sipiarc, 2 inches. De])th at bottom, 4 inches. I*lat(( 11. reju'c.sents what may bo called, for distinction’s sake, the Front or .lowelled side. As it was in a moie pei'fect state when Dr. Stuart examined it, we subjoin his descri])tion of its ap])earance. I’.igo i.\. (.Ncvvit, 181'.).) ' Its top ri' presents a eoinprossed mitre, one side of wliieli is adorned with a tine gohl fillagrean work and silver gilt. The silver work is partly scrolled in alto relievo, and partly in bass relief, resembling the knots in the collar of the order of Wt. Patrick. In the centre of the top is a blue stone, set in fine gold, anil ins])hered in a glass bead. In its centre are four pearl-coloured stones, with four green ones of a smaller size, representing an intersected cross. Under this is a circular space, now vacant, which had probably been once occupied by a gem. One of the (luadrangular sides, under the mitre, is formed into thirty-one compartments, by silver divisions. Nineteen of these are tilled with various ornaments, in pni-e gold fillagrean, exhibiting the forms of serpents and snakes, curiously entwined. Two of the other com- partments are now vacant. In two of the remaining ten are considerably projecting oval pieces of polished transparent rock crystal, or Irish diamond, each about one inch and a half in length, and set in silver. The setting of that which occupies the central compartment is silver, representing, on its edge, smaW Jleurs-de-lis. Of the eight smaller divisions, one is occupied by an oval garnet, and three by oval carnelians ; the remaining four have lo.st their ornaments.” Plato III. represents the back, and most interesting part, of the case. On this side “ the mitred top is of silver, which has been substantially gilt. The top is in bass relief, with scroll-work representing serpents ; the remainder of it is divided into three compartments. In the central one of those a])pear two birds. The other two present the profile of a nondescript animal. The area of the cpiadraiignlar surface, under this side of the mitre, is covered with a substantial plate of silver, cut into thirty-two crosses.” And it is in the margin of this, as may be seen in the drawing, that the inscription occurs, which adds such interest to the reliquary, and fixes its date with historical precision. Commencing at the left-hand angle of the upper margin, it proceeds to the right, then turning the corner, it runs down the edge on the right, then along the base from right to left, and then up the left side, till it reaches the corner from which it starteOTnaeRi>ich cuicocust)ochONDu6i5ui>iTnaiNeNCONaTnaccai6T?ocunicui5. Printed in lation ; ■■ \ prayer for I lonnell 0’l,ochlain, through whom this Hell [or Hell shrine] was made; and for Donnell, the successor ot Patrick, with whom it was made ; and for Cahalan O’.Mulhollan. the keeper of the Hell ; and for Cudulig O’lnmalmm, with his sons, who covered fit].” ' Doiimdl O'liOiddain, or MaeliOiddain as he is called by the l'’our .Masters, was .Monarch ol Irolaml ; he came to the throne in lOH.'l, and died in 1121. 'I'lie “ Succ(>ssor of Patrick” here spoken ol'was Donnell See Kdcv4*.s’ Antiquities of Down, (.'uiuior, ;iiid Droiiiore, pp. — 375, where tlu* iiiseription i-i treated ot liioro in detail. G MacAinhalgadlia, i)r MacAulaj, wlio was Archbishop and Abbot of Armagh, and filled the see from 1091 to 1105. Consequently this shrine was executed in some year between the two last named dates. The (filler jiersons recorded in the inscription were of inferior rank, and wo have no other record of them. The name Maelchallain, now cliauged to Mulholland, signifies “ the servant of Challan and, with the [irefix O, belonged to families which, at different periods, rose to distinction in the present counties of Derry and Meath. In Derry they were located in the barony of Loughinsholin ; and, in Meath, they were the chiefs of Delvin-beg, now the barony of Demi-Fore. The townland Ballymulhollaud, in Magil- ligan, a parisli of the former county, is a local memorial of the name. * Plates IV. and V. represent the sides of the case. “ On one of these sides,” writes Dr. Stuart, “ which is beautified with stones, there are ornaments of fine gold, representing serpents, curiously and elegantly intertwined in most intricate folds, and in various knots, like the complicated involutions in the collar of the order of the Knights of St. Patrick. It may be worth remarking, that, on one of the ends, and below the knob and ring by wdiich it is suspended, there are eight serpents, so singularly infolded and intermingled with one another, that it requires minute attention and considerable discrimination to trace each separately, and to distinguish it from its fellows. Their eyes are skilfully formed of blue glass. Above the cross are four of the same kind, and in each of the four compartments into which it is divided, there are two golden serpents in relief. Below the knob of suspension, on the opposite end or side, are six other serpents, with blue eyes, but differently intertwined. On the top is a strange representation of two of these creatures, with two legs.” Such are some of the details of this most interesting work of art, so creditable to the age and country in which it was executed, and so remarkable for having outlived, w'ith comparatively little injury, a scries of centuries which witnessed so many convulsions, both civil and ecclesiastical, in Ireland, and having escaped the hand of barbarism, which laid low the stoutest fabrics, and obliterated the fairest monuments of the laud. It was made seventy years before the English set foot on the island, and, were it a solitary specimen of Irish art, would suffice to prove that, however deficient the natives may have been in the practice of warfare, they were not behind their neighbours in the cultivation of those arts which adorn })eace. •(' Canibrensis Kversus, vol. i., p. 230. (Dublin, 1848.) •' “ Ordnance Survey,” sheet 1. PLATE I C 60 E an eaDnacnca. L^'''PAnYICK'H BPM. Mnri;u. i I*" l.ilhuP^'H'hHr- . I’.nlffivt PLATE II. •7 f. ^ 'KjK (!)IYir V'llWW IDiK *SillllK^!llY!H: MM*‘H|n W:ir'l A i'" &* Helfail PLATE IV iifM-r/iiinr iim:y!I!) .siiiiDiH t;|)Kw.(I)if ’ iriiiiiK isiiiiidjiiiyik I ) ♦ « I M \ '•1 i i PLATE V. IIJKFir IIIIAIYIID m\m WIIIRW W 'inilllK MftTi ur. Wnnl A C“ Helffliit IP«''^■ r -1 » ♦ l - • :i II ,ii. E-. .. * \ 1 A J j. '■1, 4 7 > ii •■'."> 4 'i -'if