figri cultural Cc €a$t lapsing C Rgrieattare Forestry {/cteri t>ar$j Set et) ae Vol. VI No. 9 Agrirultural (EnU^e SitUttttt East Lansing, Michigan April 1912 Published Monthly by the Michigan Agricultural College Entered at East Lansing, Michigan as second-class matter, under act of July 16, 1894 -Our College Presidents- Joseph R. Williams, A. M., 1857-59 Theophilus C. Abbot, A. M , LL. D , '62-84 Edwin Willets, A. M., LL. D., '85-89 Oscar Clute, M. S., LL. D., '89-93 Lewis G. Gorton, M. S., '93-95 Jonathan L. Snyder, Ph. D., LL. D., '96- College Calendar 1912-1913 9 1 2 — Special examinations for 1912 — Entrance examinations, Monday, September 23, delinquents. Tuesday, September 24, beginning at 8:00 a. m. Wednesday, Seplember 25, 1912 — Registration day. Thursday, September 26, 1912 — Classes begin at 8 a. m. Friday, December 20, 1912 — Fall term ends at noon. Monday, January 6, 1 9 1 3 — Special examinations for delinquents. Monday, January 6, 1 9 1 3 — Special short courses begin. Tuesday, January 7, 1 9 1 3 — Registration day. Wednesday, January 8, 1 9 1 3 — Classes begin at 8 a. m. Friday, March 28, 1 9 1 3 — Winter term ends at noon. Monday, April 7, 191 3 — Special examinations for delinquents. Tuesday, April 8, 1 9 1 3 — Registration day. Wednesday, April 9, 1 9 1 3 — Classes begin at 8:00 a. m. Sunday June 22, 191 3 — Baccalaureate sermon. Tuesday, January 24, 1 9 1 3 — Commencement day. End of college year. Monday, September 22, 191 3 — College year begins. THE objects of the iHirittaau Agricultural (Enllr-gr are: First, good citizenship; second, to equip the graduate with a practical education which will enable him to turn his hand at once to useful and remunerative business or employment. Its graduates hold positions of honor, trust and responsibility in all walks of life; as representative farmers who take their, places in the front rank of the citizens of the State; as prominent engineers who rank among the best in the country; as college presidents, college professors, agricultural and mechanical experts in the government employ; teachers in colleges and high schools; as dietitians in hospitals; as expert foresters in government or private employ; as landscape gardeners, fruit growers and in other activities. ON THE RED CEDAR Locat ion- THE Michigan Agricultural College is beautifully situated at East Lansing, just outside the Capital City, with which it is connected by an eleclric railway. Lansing, itself, is a railroad center and is, therefore, easily accessible from all parts of the state. The College is equipped with complete heating, lighting and water sys- tems, thus providing all the conveniences of the City without including its discomforts. NORTH ENTRANCE History THE ELMS T 1 ^ HE history of M. A. C. is one of growth and progress. Organized jgafkjl) in 185 7, it is the oldes , and is everywhere recognized as one of the leading institutions of its kind in the country. With a half dozen instructors and about 1 20 stu- dents in '5 7, it has steadily grown until during the present year more than 1 600 students have enrolled, and the eaching force numbers 1 40 members. New buildings and new equipmen have been added from time to time, and friends of the institu- tion point with pride to the rapid development along this line, especially during the last ten or twelve years. Through its short win er courses, College extension work and farmers' institutes, the Col- lege is each year increasing its field of usefulness to the people of this and other sta es. THE HALF-WAY STONE AN OLD LANDMARK caviar » <*09k- * 'V' ,> 1 i vft^fn \- ' ■ ' iff v HHA.3Ih3hh*> - v?$rf. i ft «&. - N ■ ■■■■■?**. . ■-■■■■ ■>^^ : ' y :: ^v^-^' A PLEASANT DRIVE NEAR THE RED CEDAR ■Courses of Instruction M. A. C. offers the following courses leading to degrees: Agriculture, Bachelor of Science [B. S.] Including Animal Husbandry Dairying Horticulture Poultry Agronomy Engineering, Bachelor of Science [B. S.] Including Mechanical Civil Electrical Home Economics, Bachelor of Science [B. S.] Including Domestic Art Domestic Science Manual Training Music Physical Culture Forestry, Bachelor of Science [B. S.] Including Forest Management Forest Investigations Forest Technology Forest Protection Practical Lumbering Veterinary Science, Doctor of Veterinary Science [D. V. S.] A complete course in Veterinary Medicine leading to the degree of Doctor of Veterinary Science I — Agricultural Division T HE policy of the agricultural division is to offer uniformly strong symmetrical courses throughout. In order to do this, much effort has been exerted and money expended in strengthening the various departments. As a result the division is well equipped with buildings, class rooms, laborato- ries and equipment and facilities for useful and satisfactory work. This feature is nicely illustrated in the strength and uniformity of development in the live stock departments includ- ing poultry, swine, sheep, beef and dairy cattle and horses. The horticultural gardens, orchards, nurseries, etc., comprise a complete natural laboratory including about 45 acres. Crops, breeding and testing operations include 40 acres. The forest nursery student laboratory covers 29 acres, besides 1 35 acres of timber land. The farm of 332 acres provides continuous demonstrations relative to crop rotations, tillage methods, fertil- izing, seeding, harvesting, fencing, drainage, etc. The 90 acre campus with its unexcelled variety of trees, shrubs and plants, provides an immense out door laboratory constantly before the student as an aid to studies in landscape gardening, forestry, botany, entomology, zoology, bacteriology and many other supporting sciences. During the present year 583 regular agricultural, horticul- tural and forestry students have taken advantage of these op- portunities besides 450 short course men. Agricultural Education T^ HIS department has supervision of the introduction of courses in agriculture in the public high schools, Bu^fflj 1 the preparation of courses of study for rural schools J and high schools, and the preparation of teachers. Fifteen high schools are now giving courses in agriculture. These courses consist of one unit in each of the four high school grades, thus constituting an agricultural department parallel with the science department in the high school. Many more high schools are preparing to undertake this work in the near future, and it is probable that at least ten additional schools will be in operation for the year 1912 and 1913. In connection with the high school agriculture, short courses for farmers are given, and this is rapidly becoming a valuable feature of the extension work of both the college and the high school. AT THE FARM BRIDGE The Soils Department T 1 HE agriculture of any region depends not only upon the soil of the region but upon the management of the soil as well. When lands are new, large crops are very commonly grown and often with very care- less management of the soils. In time all this changes. Yields fall off and the farmer finds that it is only by the most intelligent methods of management that good yields can be obtained. No line of production requires more intelligent effort than the successful growing of crops. The soil is not a simple mix- SUMMER SCHOOL OF PRACTICAL AGRICULTURE ture of materials; it also contains life forms — some desirable and some undesirable. Essential life forms may be absent. Certain conditions of soil moisture, soil temperature, and soil ventilation are desirable that do not always exist. The composition of the soil is not always what it should be. The composition, life forms, and conditions of the soils may be very largely controlled by intelligen management of the soil. The Soils Department offers instruction along these most important lines, covering both practical and theoretical phases. AN IDEAL BEEF TYPE Animal Husbandry T HE work of the Department of Animal Husbandry deals with both practical and scientific problems, the aim of the courses offered being to give the student a thorough knowledge of all live stock problems en- countered on the farm and markets. As at present outlined all courses are given in two hour periods, one hour of which is devoted to lecture and recitation the other hour to practice and demonstration in the judging pavilion or at the barns. In this way the student becomes familiar not only with the principles of live stock selection and management but a'so with their application to the every day problems of the farm. The work of the Department does not end with the student but aims to solve many of the problems of the farm through replies to inquiries received from all parts of the State. Dairy Husbandry THE twenty-five years just passed have witnessed many very radical changes in the dairy industry as carried on in the United States. The invention and perfection of dairy machinery have revolutionized methods of handling and manufacture. The improvement and development of the dairy cow as an economical producer of human food has increased dairy production and given more efficiency to the former herds. Our better knowledge of foods and food requirements has increased the consumption of raw milk and dairy products generally. The preparation which a dairy farmer and a creamery butter maker and cheese maker or a market milk producer received twenty-five years ago would be entirely inadequate for a person of his vocation today. These changes which have come to the dairy industry have therefore revolutionized dairy instruction along with dairy practices. In the training of her students for the dairy business the Michigan Agricultural College will see that they receive instruc- tion in the basic sciences which underlie this great industry and will further give them opportunity for study, practice and inves- tigation in this field which will equip them for competent dairy producers or prepare them for butter or cheese manufacture, or make them capable dairy inspectors. A PART OF THE DAIRY HERD Farm Crops A"^ THOROUGH knowledge of crop production is fundamental to successful farming of whatever type. In the several courses in farm crops attention is given to the more important principles as related to crop production and the practical application of the same to field conditions. The characteristics, culture, harvesting, etc., of the principal cereal, forage, root and cover crops are considered. Practice work is given in the judging of corn and the small grains, and in the study of grass and clover seeds. A practical study of soil fertility is made which includes such topics as type of farming, rotation of crops, preservation and use of manure, application of fertilizers, etc. A course is given in crop improvement in which it is aimed to give the student a working knowledge of plant breeding as related to farm crops and considering the underlying principles so far as fundamental to the working out of practical methods. CLASS IN CORN JUDGING Farm Mechanics WITH ihe introduction of modern power machinery the farmer needs, more than ever, training in mechan- ical processes and a good working knowledge of the principles of these machines. The Farm Mechanics course at M. A. C. seeks to fill this need and combines lec- tures with laboratory work of the most: practical nature. Be- side courses in carpenter and forge shops, the work embraces farm construction, power machinery and general farm machinery. A large number of farm machines are at the disposal of the students, so that while the hand is becoming skilled in opera- tion, a mechanical judgment is being acquired which will enable the student to select machinery intelligently. IN THE CEMENT LABORATORY • [■ H If ■ W iisi&ia j ■ Bb ^J i ifWUvH/s, Hill ii V» j- L! -^ ^IJjS S^^EgraS? s*fc^ 5&& &I £lSl ^^^^9^MG5* ■'» ^R."^ sni fVtm M. A. C. FRUIT SHOW IN 1912 Horticulture IORTICULTURE is a broad subject. It includes fruit-growing, landscape gardening, market garden- ing and the greenhouse industry, and in each of these divisions there are distinct lines of special work. Since the subject is so broad and so diversified, the opportunities for well prepared men are numerous. Many of the students who have received Horticultural train- ing in the College are now engaged in practical work for them- selves or are superintendents of fruit farms or parks. Others are engaged in teaching and in experimental work in the various Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations and for the United States Department of Agriculture. For the student who wants only the principles of Horti- culture, courses are offered during the first two years of the regular agricultural course. If a student wants to make a special study of Horticulture or any of its divisions, there are courses extending through the Junior year on Fruit-Growing, Greenhouse Industry and Land- scape Gardening and through the Senior year on Plant Breed- ing, Evolution of Plants and a thesis on some original problem in Horticulture. In addition to these studies during the Senior year there are two advanced courses, one in Pomology and one in Landscape Gardening that are offered during the entire year. Poultry THE demand for information pertaining to the poultry business has increased greatly during the past few years. It is not generally known that the poultry and poultry products of the state reach a valuation almost equal to most of the in- dividual live slock products such as beef, mutton or pork. Poultry rais- ing is not a busi- ness confined to to the country but includes cities, towns and villages as well. People engaged in nearly all pro- fessions and vo- cations are in- terested. As a result Michigan Agricultural College has endeavored to meet the needs of the situation by offering general courses to agri- culture students, extended courses for those desiring to special- ize, in addi- tion to short eight week courses and and one week poultry institutes. The depart- ment is well eq uipped with build- ings, stocks, etc., to do satisfactory work. Engineering Course Michigan Agricultural College ENGINEERING was established at this college in 1885. The first class was graduated in 1888, since which time the growth has been continuous and now upwards of 400 men have been graduated. The regular course is four years in length and leads to the degree of Bachelor of Science. Emphasis is placed on the importance of general training for all engineering students in accordance with which the course is completely prescribed during the first two years, after which those having individual preferences towards civil, me- chanical or electrical engineering are given opportunity to choose their technical and professional studies for furtherance of their preference. Bl,' iB 2m g--, r S ■& 'w* hsm 'im^JsmMmm ilS H Shlf 1 ' 1 fW.iH' - ' 1 IL ■is ■k ^~— -UW 1 1 1 ' £Pi»\ ^^J*-^ 1 ^ 1 ilk i fit jEti f& ENGINEERING LABORATORY In the first two years, thorough instruction is given in drawing, machine design, shop work, surveying, mathematics, chemistry, physics, English, economics, and modern languages, and in the last two years in applied mechanics, electrical and engineering laboratory, steam engineering, thermodynamics, etc. The business, commercial and ethical features of engineer- ing practice are emphasized in all technical and professional studies, especially in the course in specifications and contracts, works management, engineering accounting and history of engineering. Non-resident lectures and inspection trips to Chicago, Pittsburg, Detroit or other engineering manufacturing centers and also to the many and varied shops at Lansing serve to connect the students with engineering practice and spirit. Our graduates seldom have difficulty in securing positions; in fact, the technical graduate who is willing to work hard and who has the faculty of getting along with his fellows will secure recognition and suitable financial remuneration. Graduates of this college, owing to the general character of the course, by which excessive specialization is not encouraged, can and do avail themselves of opportuni ies after graduation which men of the same age and experience, with highly specialized technical training would hesitate to consider. This fact confirms the view of a well known engineer who says: "I cannot help a certain predilection in favor of a young man being just an engineer, and not a particular kind of an engineer — not special- izing while too young, but developing along versatile lines, ready to turn his hand equal- ly well to any task within his general scope. The man who believes he can apply himself in one direction about as well as an- other will come nearer doing it than one who thinks he cannot." IpuA ■MHl .J -J. TESTING MACHINE Mechanical Engineering THE distinctive studies of this department are shop work, machine drawing and design and engineering laboratory. Shop work is made as practical as pos- sible. Pattern making, forging, moulding and machine work are taught from the standpoint of the requirements of the engineer who should understand the nature of the materials he uses, the principles of their conversion into forms for structures and machines by the latest methods. Shop management is emphasized throughout and its principles are also considered in the work of the draughting room. The work in machine drawing and design is closely correlated to the shop work and is applied in problems in machine tools, the steam and the gas engine. In the engineering laboratory the determination of the strength of materials in tension, compression, and shear is an important part of the work and is conducted so as to supplement the class-room work in theoretical mechanics and materials. An important feature of the laboratory work is the calibration of instruments and their use in the efficiency tests of steam and gas engines, air compressors, boilers and other machines. This work usually culminates in a thesis in which the student attacks a problem designed to give him opportunity to display initiative and to apply the principles and practice previously obtained. Courses in heating and ventilation and in power station design are given to seniors, these subjects being presented in such a way as to show how the professional engi- neer attacks problems in these fields of prac- tice. AT THE BENCH Civil Engineering WE strive to deal thoroughly and well with the studies which are commonly classified as branches of civil engineering. Our first aim is to impart instruction of such a character that the learner may acquire confidence in his ability to do things, the courage necessary to undertake practical engineering problems, and the technical judgment required to measure the correctness of his personal accomplishment. This does not mean that we are trying to produce specialists. Rather, we expect to give a young man a training for practical work, even though he may not complete the full course in engineering. At the same time, this training in all lines is fundamental so that our graduates can be used for effi- cient service in varied applications of engineering. iui l' A w * l'h VI READY FOR FIELD WORK Every effort is made to inculcate the true student spirit, so that every experience in practical work shall add to the young man's equipment for progress. In this way we teach engineering drawing, land surveying, city surveying, railroad surveying and construction, drainage, sewerage, water sup- plies, cement testing, concrete construction, bridge design, road making, water power development, dam construction and other subjects in the program of our engineering course. Hundreds of young men who have studied here are now doing creditable work in all of the fields of activity just enumerated. Electrical -Engineering- I N C E electricity enters every phase of human activity today, there is not THE WHIR OF DYNAMOS only a very great demand for men acquainted with electrical matters but it is even desirable that everybody should know something of the uses of electricity. The course in electrical engineering at the Michigan Agricultural Col- lege is intended to provide that basic training in the subject which, combined with some knowledge of mechanical and civil engineering, will fit a young man to enter the electrical activities of the present day. Beginning the study of electricity in the subject of physics, the student investigates the methods of electrical measurements of all kinds and the construction and operation of all kinds of dynamo electric machines. The time spent at this work covers two years after the basic work has been completed. Our graduates now hold positions in every line of electrical work. Physics As taught at the college physics is fundamental for all the courses. The department of physics has a complete outfit of apparatus for laboratory work and each student must perform from thirty to eighty experiments covering the whole subject. The subject is taught in separate classes to women, agricultural and engineering students and those features are emphasized which are of particular importance in each course. -- " - &T3" 1 « L I |I8| m ~w— — ■■■■-.,' 1 MAIN CORRIDOR ENGINEERING HALL H ome Hconomics- THE aim of the course in Home Economics is to apply science to the duties of the home in cookery, sew- ing, millinery, house decoration, home nursing, etc. In addition to the technical work, splendid general culture training, including two years of free instruction on the piano, is given. A course in the science of education is also given for those who wish to teach. That there is an increasing interest in home economics is evidenced in various ways. The public schools all over the state are rapidly adding cookery and sewing to their courses. The various phases are being discussed by the women's clubs, while the pure food agitation, civic improvement leagues, etc., all touch upon household problems. The Women's Building in which the technical work of the course is given, also provides homes for 120 young women. This building is equipped with every modern convenience and the surroundings are ideal. It has been neces- sary the past year to make provision for the overflow of resident women m Howard Terrace, an adjacent building. :tf faglrfWrffTl' *- ■ -IS H Up t^ Umm»*p"»H-~ ; ' ^,-ia«2Sr a^T' i^g? ^gj* ^^SrVF f WOODWORKING ROOM— WOMEN'S BUILDING Where many useful articles for the home may be made DOMESTIC ART Dressmaking is one of the features of the Women's Course Forestry THE Forestry Course was established in 1902 to meet the demand for technical training in this special line. As the underlying principles of forestry and agriculture are almost indentical, the first two years of the Forestry Course are essentially the same as those of the Agricultural Course. The advanced technical work in forestry is given in the Junior and Senior years and includes such sub- jects as dendrology, forest field methods, silviculture, state forest law, wood preservation, etc. A moment's reflection will serve to show the particular advantages afforded by this College for forestry work. As a college of applied science, it has exceptionally well equipped laboratories in which may be studied the structure of woods, the principles of wood preserv- ation, and the habits of forest insect enemies and their control. A feature of the work is the summer term the members of the upper classes be- ing required to spend a certain amount of time in the forests studying actual lumbering oper- ations. Veterinary Science THE present veterinary science course was established by an adt of the State Legislature during the year 1907, and subsequently action by the State Board of Agriculture on October 21, 1909, authorized a full course veterinary college in connection with this institution, under the designation of the Veterinary Division, Michigan Agricultural College. It is the aim of the new divi- sion to maintain a veterinary college with the highest ideals and to train its students to be veterinarians competent to recognize, cope with, and suppress all animal ailments or plagues, and so aid in lessening the diseases among animals, as well as co-operate in the protection of human health and life against diseases of animal origin. The resources of the college have enabled the division to secure un- excelled equipment, and the local facilities for combining vocational and cultural studies are especially valuable in building a foundation knowledge that will enable the students to intelligently undertake the work that may arise in one or another of the many fields open to the qualified veterinarian. Besides the instruction immediately available in the \ eterinary division, the course at this institution has as an added advantage through the co-operation of the departments of animal husbandry, bacteriology, botany chemistry, entomology, and zoology, where supplementary woik very materially strengthens the purely technical training. Students completing the four year Veterinary Science Course will readily find opportunities and excellent fields for practice within the state, for with less than one veterinarian to ten doctors of human medicine, the balance of opportunity seems to favor the former, and moreover the increasing con- fidence in the trained man, the improved quality of live stock, and the added fact that many cities are finding it feasible to appoint veterinary inspectors of markets, abattoirs, meats, milk and other dairy products, are all attractive openings offered in the profession today. Bacteriology THE Department of Bacteriology and Hygiene aims to furnish such fundamental training and knowledge as will prepare the student to interpret correctly those microbiological problems of agriculture and domestic science with which he may be confronted in actual life. Many phenomena are also considered for the purpose of broadening the outlook. Specifically, the goal to be reached is found in the micro- biology of the dairy, of soil, of food, of sanitation, of diseases. An understanding of these can be obtained only through the basic principles controlling the entire field of this branch of science, accordingly some attention must be given to general microbiology. The department strives to intensify the useful and imme- diately applicable knowledge. To accomplish this, special sig- nificance is given by classes in sanitation and in hygiene of foods. To make knowledge avail- able to man, it is necessary that he be in position to apply it to his advantage without effort. The realization of this is only through thorough laboratory in- struction where he actually puts into effect the conceptions of the mind. Without this training the student falls short in acquiring a "working or practical knowl- edge." Botanical Department I^JTYT is not so generally recognized as it should be that a knowledge of some of the fundamental facts of Botany lie at the bottom A of many of the great improvements in agricultural arid horticul- 1 tural practices that are now beginning to find their way to the farms. Methods of combatting plant diseases could not be worked out successfully until the botany of the fungi causing them had been studied. The scientific use of fertilizers, which is just be- ginning to be looked into, is impossible without a knowledge cf the life proc- esses (Physiology) of plants. To the farmer without at least a knowledge of the common principles of Botany, most of the processes used in growing a crop are mere rule of thumb methods which become intelligible only with a study of botany. The Botanical Department offers courses in Botany in which, to begin with, a structure of plants are studied, then a number of different kinds of plants including some of the disease producing fungi are carefully gone over and finally the student is shown the way of finding out for himself the kinds of plants he is dealing with. With this as a foundation, he devotes some time to a study of the life processes and the minute structure of plants. He may then, if he wishes, make a further study of plant diseases and of the fungi causing them or a more intimate study of the physiology of plants. He may also make a study of weeds, especially learning to know the seeds of weeds so that when buying seed for agricultural purposes, he can tell with what the samples offered are contaminated. Other lines of botany are also available. THE WILD GARDEN Department of Chemistry- |^^^^|HEMISTRY is a fundamental science in every line of endeavor. I B I At the present time eighteen different courses are given by this LhJ department at M. A. C. in order to meet the needs of the Students. OrSCttJSKI General Elementary Chemistry is required of all freshmen, the aim being to develop in the Student an appreciation for ex- perimental Study and the proper training of the mind, thus laying the found- ation for technical chemistry as applied to Agriculture, Engineering, Home Economics, etc. This is accomplished by a thorough Study of the basic principles by means of suitable laboratory and lecture room experiments. From this point the engineering Students take up more in detail the Study of engineering materials such as the common metals of construction, fuels and combustion, lubricating oils, etc., with reference to their occurrence, produc- tion and analysis. All other Students now take up the Study of organic chemistry which gives them the foundation for the more specialized courses needed in the divisions of agriculture, domestic science, forestry and veterinary science. With a new building and additional equipment during the paSt year, the department is in excellent condition to handle the large number of Students now enrolled for this work. IN THE LABORATORY MECHANICAL DRAWING D rawing- DRAWING has an undisputed cultural value in a system of education, in addition to its technical value. However, who- ever pursues the technical phase alone cannot help feeling a general broadening influence. The women are required to take drawing most nearly allied to the general cultural aspect of the subject — model drawing in pencil and charcoal, elementary mechanical drawing and some applied design, together with history of art and an option in water color and elementary design. The work of the Agricultural students is confined to mechanical drawing in the freshmen year and topographical in the senior year. The engineers in addition to the above get descriptive geometry, shades, shadows and per- spective. The department is very adequately equipped for all phases of the draw- ing and it is hoped that if conditions arise we willbe fully prepared to give more attention to the aesthetic side of drawing. The de- partment has many casts, models, still life material, pic- tures and lantern slides, and the equipment is being added to a little at a time continuously. A CORNER OF THE FREEHAND DRAWING ROOM Entomology THE work of the department of Entomology is wholly of an applied nature. An introductory course in the Sophomore year aims to prepare all students, save those in Engineering and in Veterinary work, for receiving instruction in the recognition and control of pests and of friendly insects with which they are likely to meet in the pursuit of their several callings. Separate courses are offered for the use of fruit men and market gardeners, for general farmers who depend on stock and field-crops, for foresters, both a short demonstration in the big woods and a more intimate study in the lecture-room. There is, furthermore, a course of lectures and laboratory work for the women on insects likely to be met about the garden and home. Besides these there are opportunities for the student to pursue more extended studies along the line of scale-insects, green-house insects, parasites of domesticated animals, or systematic work along some natural group. As will be seen, the energy of the whole department is aimed to give an understanding of such facts as will enable the the farmer to raise larger crops; for the fruit-grower to raise better quality fruit and more of it; for the forester to raise more young trees, and to protect from their enemies those already grown; for one to dis- pose of many annoy- ances and often men- aces to health, to be found in the home and its natural sur- roundings, besides helping to fit students for special callings of varied nature wher- ever knowledge of special insects is to be desired. Up to the present the work given all leads to practical ends. Department of Zoology and —Physiology— THE sciences — zoology and comparative anatomy, physi- ology, geology and mineralogy are taught by the Department of Zoology and Physiology, and the field covered is conse- quently a very broad one. Zoology and comparative anatomy involve studies of the varied forms of animal life, with special reference to similarity of structure (com- parative anatomy) and its bearing on the theories of descent with modification. The WOODCHUCK l ater studies in cell structure, embryology and heredity, are taken up in preparation for the special problems in plant and animal breeding which confront the progressive farmer of today. Animal physiology is a study of the life processes common to all animals, the way they eat, grow, multiply and die, with special reference to the do- mesticated and semi-domesticated forms which may be useful to man, as well as those wild species which are harmful and must be controlled or extermi- nated. The student of geology and mineralogy takes up the composition and properties of the common minerals and rocks, whose decay forms soils, as well as the processes by which these soils are accumulated and distributed, enriched or impoverished. In brief, the department aims to teach the foundation facts necessary to understand the soil and the life which it produces for man and beast, and to show the structure and adaptation of animal life to the manifold uses of man and the possible ways in which it can be made more useful. As an indispensable aid to the student in these sciences, and as a stimulus to closer observ- ation and study, the college maintains a general museum, second to none in the state, which is under the charge of the professor of zoology and physiology. Here may be found specimens of all the land animals and most of the fish of the state, together with birds, birds' eggs, shells, corals, etc., and good collections of minerals, rocks and fossils. New specimens are being added constantly and the museum is open to the public daily without charge. PEACOCK STOCK JUDGING CLASS Short Winter Courses- N ORDER that young men who cannot take a regular college course may receive some practical training along agricultural lines, there have been established special short courses in general agriculture, creamery management, fruit culture, poultry culture, and cheese making. These courses are held during the winter months. No entrance examinations are required. 345 men were enrolled for these courses during the past winter. / \l i \\ : ' Vf YV I ( Wt : >f\\ ■v'. m iff IT/ ■ \ \\\ W \ \ \ 1 llrf/// • / \ ; \ \I ' ¥ 1 j \ w 'w I "N\ 1 i p*/S ■ ^ V » I I f: '^\M Wm'Y ff ■ UuBi' **' nLV vL Jbfai i llfel ' A sBgfkkt^LjM ~~m,&UA W/'i S 8 i fj |ii WINTER ON THE CAMPUS Student Organizations- THE Y. W. and Y. M. C. A. maintain active organ- izations and are doing valuable work along their respective lines. Eighteen literary societies hold weekly meetings. Chapters of the Alpha Zeta, Tau Beta Pi and Onicron Nu fraternities, membership in which is based on high rank in scholarship, have also been organized. There are also various clubs formed by students interested in particular lines of agricultural or engineering work. The chorus and two glee clubs provide excellent training for those who sing. The Cadet Band is military in character, is composed of over 30 members and one of the best organizations of its kind in the country. The band is an important factor in all college activities. EXCURSION DAY Athletics A^ THLETIC sports form an important part in the m ^ college activities, though they are not carried to S8&391 excess nor allowed to interfere with the regular college work. The department has a fine athletic field of 1 3 acres. The annual interscholastic high school meet, held at M. A. C. each spring, has become an important feature. CHAMPIONS 1912 HOCKEY UT-OF-DOOR sports furnish abundant opportunity for vigorous, healthful exercise. A two-story gym- nasium with excellent equipment is available for young women students and a definite amount of this work is required. Three years of military drill is requir- ed. The ad- vantages ac- quired are dignity ofcar- riage, gentle- manly de- portment, neatness and punctuality. Rifle prac- tice is a feat- ure. THE ARMORY AND BATH HOI w HOSPITAL ITH one main hospital, and four detention hospitals for contagious diseases, the health of the student body is safeguarded. Every precaution is taken to prevent disease, and the best of care given those who are DETENTION HOSPITALS Students are often able to earn a portion of their college expenses by outside work Expenses S it is not necessary to depend entirely upon fees and tuition for he running expenses of the institution, it will readily be seen that the cost of a college course at M. A. C. is very small as compared with the ex- penses at other high-class insti- tutions. Students at M. A. C. live modestly and social life has not the expensive features of many of the larger schools. With no tuition and with rooms and board at the minimum figure, it is possible for the student of limited means to live comfortably on a comparatively small sum. The average student spends from two hundred fifty to three hundred dollars per year. Requirements for Admission- G'^^RADUATES from high schools approved by the college will be admitted without examination to any of the four-year courses, upon presentation of entrance blank signed by Principal or ^ SZxZZ Superintendent. Applicants for admission to the four-year J>?5^S£ courses who have not graduated from approved high schools, in ^^^^™ ^ addition to other credits, will be required to pass an examination in algebra through quadratic equations, plane and solid geometry, elementary physics, and in English including rhetoric and composition. The object of the five-year courses is to offer mature young men and women who have not been able to complete a high school course, an oppor- tunity to secure a college training. To enter one of the five-year courses the student should have had work equivalent to that given during the first two years in a good high school. -The College Catalogue- The College Catalogue is issued in the spring term of each year, and gives a complete description of the courses of sludy, equipment, etc. It will be mailed free of charge to anyone interested. Address J. L. Snyder, President, East Lansing, Michigan. 3,,«,