Library of GEOL WEY URBANA oo/r STATE OF ILLINOIS HENRY HORNER, Governor DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION JOHN J. HALLIHAN, Director DIVISION OF THE STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY M. M. LEIGHTON, Chief URBANA CIRCULAR NO. 41 POTENTIAL MARKETS FOR ILLINOIS COAL ON THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI WATERWAY By walter h. voskuil Mineral Economist ^^i Jr&SBJs^ PRINTED BY AUTHORITY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS URBANA, ILLINOIS 1938 h;i:i.s:. > CONTENTS Page Introduction 5 Mississippi waterway 9 Ports and terminals on I he Mississippi River 9 Possible sites for the development of coal ports 10 Port of Chester, Illinois 11 Port of East St. Louis, Illinois 11 Port of Alton, Illinois 11 Receiving ports 12 Present facilities 13 Minneapolis, Minnesota 13 St. Paul, Minnesota 13 Winona, Minnesota 13 I ..i ( Jrosse, Wisconsin 13 I faloading facilil ies and equipment 13 Freighl rates to the upper Mississippi Valley 14 Effect of rail-river coal trade development upon seasonal production trends 14 TABLES 1. Coal consumed in counties bordering the Mississippi River in Minnesota, Wisconsin and Iowa 7 2. Distribul ion of coal from Upper Lake ports during 1935 8 3. Location and lift of Mississippi River dams above the Ohio River 10 4. Rates on bituminous coal from selected coal mining districts to St. Paul and Minne- apolis, and differential between Alton and St. Paul 15 5. Rates on bituminous coal from selected coal mining districts in Illinois to river ports at Alton, East St. Louis and Chester 16 6. Industrial census of counties bordering Mississippi River 17 7. Monthly production of coal in 1935, in southern West Virginia, eastern Kentucky, Illinois and the United States 18 S. Population, in 1930, in counties bordering Mississippi River 18 9. Distribution of coal from Upper Lake ports in 1935 19 FIGURES 1 . Map showing distribution of coal from Duluth-Superior docks in 1935, and rail-river coal market area 6 2. Production of coal, by months, in Illinois, southern West Virginia and eastern Ken- tucky, in 1935 16 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign http://archive.org/details/potentialmarkets41vosk POTENTIAL MARKETS FOR ILLINOIS COAL ON THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI WATERWAY By Walter h. Voskuil Mineral Economist INTRODUCTION The purpose <>!' this investigation is to evaluate the usefulness of the Upper Mississippi River as a means of transporting coal from fields in Illinois to markets bordering the upper river in Minnesota, Wisconsin and Iowa. The Mississippi River, when completely canalized above Alton, Illinois, will consisl of a 9-fool channel to St. Paul and .Minneapolis equipped with locks 600 feel long and 1 10 feel wide for the transportation of barges past the dams. This report contain- data oil the approximate extent of the coal market, the present sources of coal, and the comparative costs of transporting coal from originating fields to the principal market points. The project to canalize the Mississippi River to a minimum depth of 9 teet between Alton. Illinois, and St. Paul, Minnesota, a distance of 657 miles, will create a highway of transportation which may enable the coal industry of Illinois to take advantage of markets in Minnesota and Wisconsin not hitherto served by the Ellinois industry. This possibility depends upon effecting a reduction in freighl rates on coal to a level substantially lower than the rail-lake rate from the fields of Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Eastern Kentucky to the market- of the Upper Mississippi Valley. There is a coal market, in the counties bordering the Mississippi Kiver (figure 1) in Iowa. Wisconsin, and Minnesota, of approximately 5,000,000 tons of coal distributed as follows: Amount U& (Tons) Manufacturing and mining industries 2,200,000 Public utilities 400,000 Domestic heating 2,400,000 Total 5,000,000 The figure for manufacturing and mining represents the amount of coal, coke, and anthracite used by manufacturing and mining industries in 1929 as reported to the Census. (The exact figure as reported was 2,295,667 tons.) The amount of coal used by electric utilities in these counties in 1929 was 434,829 tons. The amount of coal used for heating homes is estimated at 2,400.000 based on an assumption of an average consumption of 1.5 tons per person per year. Detailed consumption data are given in table 1. ILLINOIS COAL ON THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI WATERWAY Figure 1. — Map showing distribution of coal from Duluth-Superior docks in 1935 (in tons) and rail-river coal market territory. INTRODUCTION Table 1. — Coal consumed in Mississippi River counties in Minnesota, Wisconsin and Iowa, 1929 (Net tons) County- Manufacturing* Mining all types solid fuelf Public Anthracite Bituminous Coke utility Iowa — Allamakee 118 190 710 118 240 244 345 585 7,224 177,758 50,127 55,375 1,581 132,626 491 23,457 190,469 54 217 1,387 2,614 2,412 504 17,163 Clayton Clinton 2,000 18,179 Des Moines 2,160 Dubuque 1,515 55,972 Jackson Lee Louisa Muscatine 16 675 641 6,719 690 6,286 1,162 Scott Total 2,650 639,693 31,711 10,491 77,473 Minnesota — Anoka 11,349 18,499 139,754 31,304 327,795 1,267 795,729 1,160 3,877 30,531 46,023 32 568 224 3,242 52,853 40 23,877 350 1,979 396 1,554 Carver 31 174 675 9,000 Dakota Goodhue Hennepin 2,652 190,798 Houston Ramsey 2,100 95 380 520 460 1,241 142,339 Scott 400 Wabasha Washington Winona 16,519 Total 13,435 1,407,288 85,115 3,893 350,056 Wisconsin — Buffalo 7 2,840 7 696 2,756 1,658 6,819 60,730 Crawford 33 55 1,919 18 35 53 40 Grant 471 LaCrosse 7,300 Pierce St. Croix 3 10 190 9,776 5,324 7,949 Trempealeau Total 3,753 95,012 2,153 471 7,300 * Consumption of fuel and electric energy in manufacturing industries, Manufactures, 1929, Fifteenth Census of the United States, U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census; t Consumption of fuel and electric energy in mining and quarrying industries, Census of Mines and Quarries, 1929, Fifteenth Census of the United States, U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. ° Consumption of fuel by public utility power plants and production of electric power by fuels and by water power in 1929, by counties and by states, Mimeograph release of the U. S. Bureau of Mines. 8 ILLINOIS COAL ON THE UPI'KU MISSISSIPPI WATERWAY At the present time the coal market of the Upper Mississippi Valley is dominated by the lake cargo coal. A general view of the sources and dis- tribution of coal may be obtained from an inspection of coal distribution data prepared by the National Bituminous Coal Commission applicable to this area.* 1937 Receipts of coal at Lake Superior dock 9,357,000 tons All-rail coal shipments to Minnesota from: Eastern fields 294,425 Western Kentucky 52,721 Indiana 100,779 Southern and central Illinois 491,205 Northern Illinois 65,727 * Distribution of coal shipments, M.C.D. No. 79, April 30, 1938, U. S. Department of the Interior, National Bituminous Coal Commission. Lake cargo coal shipped to Lake Superior ports is destined to interior points in Wisconsin, Michigan, Minnesota, the Dakotas and minor quantities to states further west. Distribution of coal from Lake Superior ports in 1935 is shown in table 2. Table 2. — Distribution of coal from upper lake ports during 1935* (Net tons) Destination Quantity (tons) All ports Duluth-Superior 22,030 42,766 579,526 4,873,084 586 10,386 301,893 339,266 1,560,250 22,030 40,454 Iowa Michigan 43,346 4,697,538 586 Minnesota Montana Nebraska 10,386 North Dakota 289,237 South Dakota 324,936 Wisconsin 1,399,801 Total 7,725,714 6,828,317 * Maher Coal Bureau, St. Paul, Minn., and Annual Report, Chief of Engineers, U. S. Army. Minnesota, in the year 1935, took about 4,900,000 tons or 63 per cent of the coal received at the Lake Superior docks, and 68 per cent of all coal re- ceived at Duluth-Superior, the principal coal port. Of this tonnage, it may be assumed that a large portion was distributed in the counties bordering the Mississippi River and included in this survey. Within the area in question MISSISSIPPI WATERWAY 9 are located the large cities of St. Paul and Minneapolis which include the important manufacturing and public utility industries of the State. These cities are also important railroad terminal points for the fueling of railroad locomotives. Altogether the population of the river border area in Minnesota comprises 40 per cent of the total population of the State. It is not un- reasonable to assume that the movement of lake cargo coal into this area may reach as high as 3,000,000 tons yearly. Also, some lake cargo coal from both Lake Michigan and Lake Superior docks probably reaches the border counties of western Wisconsin. MISSISSIPPI WATERWAY The Mississippi Eiver from the dam at Alton, 111., to the dam at St. Paul, is 644.7 miles in length. Between these two points there are 26 dams and locks either completed or in process of construction. These locks have a total lift of 304.1 feet. All locks are 600 feet long and 110 feet wide. The dams are designed to create a series of pools during low river stages. The location of dams and the lift at each is given in table 3. Each dam has a section containing movable gates, which can be raised above extreme flood heights to pass the flow of the river. When water is high the dams will be opened so that at no time will they appreciably increase flood heights. A spillway section is provided over which any flood water in excess of that flowing through the gates can pass. The movable gates are so built that they can be submerged to pass ice and water over the top or raised to pass water under the bottom. PORTS AND TERMINALS ON THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER An important element in water transportation is a terminal suitable for the low-cost transfer of freight from railroad to barge or from barge to rail- road. Possibility of successful shipment of coal from fields in Illinois to the markets of the Upper Mississippi Valley will be enhanced by careful pre- liminary surveys of port facilities. At both shipping and receiving end, sites for construction of necessary loading or unloading equipment should be selected after careful consideration of topography and shore line conditions and sources and market outlet of the coal available for this form of trans- portation. Generally speaking, terminals for loading coal in barges consists of tipples or conveyor systems emptying into hoppers from which chutes lead to the barge, while terminals for unloading barges usually involve more expensive equipment in the way of cranes and bucket conveyors. If the crane is used the clamshell bucket usually serves as the means for handling the material which is deposited in hoppers. It is then sent to cars or storage, either by 10 ILLINOIS COAL ON THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI WATERWAY Table 3. — Location and lift of Mississippi River dams above the Ohio River* Dam No. Location Miles above Ohio River Lift (feet) 1 2 3 4 5 5A 6 7 10 11 12 13 14 i:> 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 24 25 26 Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota Hastings, Minnesota Red Wing, Minnesota Alma, Wisconsin Fountain City, Wisconsin Winona, Minnesota Trempealeau, Wisconsin LaCrosse, Wisconsin Genoa, Wisconsin Lynxville, Wisconsin Guttenberg, Iowa Dubuque, Iowa Bellevue, Iowa Clinton, Iowa Le Claire, Iowa Rock Island, Illinois Muscatine, Iowa New Boston, Illinois Burlington, Iowa Keokuk, Iowa Canton, Missouri Quincy, Illinois Soverton, Missouri Clarksville, Missouri Cap au Gris, Missouri Alton, Illinois 847.6 815.2 796.9 752.8 738.3 728.5 714.3 702.3 679.1 647.9 615.1 583.0 556.7 522.5 493.3 482.9 457.2 437.1 410.5 364.2 343. 324 301, 273, 241 202.8 33.95 14.15 8.0 7.0 9.0 5.5 6.5 8.0 11.0 9.0 8.0 11.0 9.0 11.0 11.0 16.0 9.0 8.0 9.8 38.2 10.0 10.5 10.5 15.0 15.0 20.0 * Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, Rock Island District, 1937. gravity or by means of conveyors, or it may be deposited into cars or storage direct. There are many variations of the procedure and, in considering con- struction of coal loading or unloading terminals, the needs of each port in terms of annual shipments, storage requirements, and connecting railway facilities must be studied. POSSIBLE SITES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF COAL PORTS The number and location of coal loading ports on the Mississippi Eiver will depend upon the market that can be developed, the source of the coal, and railroad facilities. There are several points on the river where both physical conditions favorable to port development and railroad connections with coal mining districts exist. A brief description of the principal ports on the river together with freight rates from selected coal mining districts is given below. MISSISSIPPI WATERWAY 11 PORTS OF CHESTER, ILLINOIS The most southerly port on the Mississippi Eiver to be considered for the transshipment of coal is located at Chester, Illinois. It has two terminals, a paved wharf and a railroad incline. There are two railroads entering Chester: the Missouri Pacific; and the Missouri Illinois Eailroad. All have switches along the river front and the Missouri Pacific has an incline. There is practically no interchange of traffic between river and rail, except sand. Freight rates on coal from representative districts to Chester areas follow:* From: Cents Belleville 95 Duquoin 95 Tamaroa 95 Southern Illinois 115 Sparta 80 Percy 80 * Letter from Traffic Manager, Illinois Central System. PORT OF EAST ST. LOUIS East St. Louis extends from 1 mile above to 2 miles below the Eads Bridge. The city is served by 27 railroads. Harbor lines have been estab- lished along the water front and seven terminals are located along the river bank. Freight rates on coal in carload lots from representative mining districts to East St. Louis are as follows :* From: Cents Belleville 85 Centralia 85 DuQuoin 95 Tamaroa 85 Southern Illinois 110 Mt. Olive 85 * Letter from Traffic Manager, Illinois Central System. PORT OF ALTON, ILLINOIS Alton is situated 25 miles north of St. Louis on the channel side of the river making it a favorable location for a river port. The frontage is owned in part by the city and in part by private parties. Dam No. 26 is located immediately above the Illinois-Missouri bridge and provides a still water harbor at Alton for a considerable distance upstream. A coal loading term- inal is being constructed above the dam. Alton is served by seven railroads, viz., Alton and Eastern ; Chicago and Alton ; Chicago, Burlington and Quincy ; Chicago, Springfield and St. Louis; C. C. C. and St. L., Missouri, Kansas and Texas; the St. Louis and Alton; and Illinois Terminal Eailroad Co. 12 ILLINOIS COAL ON THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI WATERWAY Freight rates from representative coal mining districts to Alton are as follows:* From: Cents Springfield 85 Belleville 85 Centralia 85 DuQuoin 95 Southern Illinois 110 Mt. Olive 85 Tamaroa 95 * Letter from Traffic Manager, Illinois Central System. The three ports described above arc possible terminals for coal produced in southern and central Illinois and in the Belleville district. For the develop- ment of northern Illinois coal fields., conditions do not appear to be as favor- able as for the southern fields. Possible river points for the development of coal loading terminals are Rock Island-Moline or East Moline, New Boston and Keithsburg. Both Rock Island and Moline are on the channel side of the river and are provided with facilities for handling sand and gravel. These two cities are served by the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific; Chicago, Burlington and Quincy; Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul; and the Rock Island Southern (to Rock Island only). Freight rates on coal in carload lots to these cities from northern Illinois coal fields are as follows:* From : Cents Fulton and Peoria counties 125 Victoria (Knox County) 120 * Letter from Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railway Company. The development of coal loading facilities at either New Boston or Keithsburg is suggested as an alternative to the Rock Island-Moline port in the event that the latter district is too congested for the development of adequate coal handling equipment. New Boston is located above Dam No. 17, a factor which should aid in providing favorable conditions for a port. This point is served by the C. B. & Q. Railroad; Keithsburg is served by the C. B. & Q. Railroad and the Minneapolis and St. Louis Railroad. RECEIVING PORTS The points on the Mississippi River which may be considered as potential markets for river-borne coal are: the Minneapolis-St. Paul district, Winona Minnesota, La Crosse, Wisconsin, and possibly important points in Iowa, such as Dubuque, Clinton, Davenport, Burlington, and Keokuk. In the case of the Iowa cities, it may develop in the course of a transportation analysis that an all-rail haul from Illinois coal fields is more economical than a rail-river haul. UNLOADING FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT 13 Among these potential markets the Minneapolis- St. Paul area is by far the most important, the market in Winona and adjacent territory is less so, but more important than La Crosse, Wisconsin, which is a smaller community with a less productive hinterland than Winona. Eiver ports in Iowa are im- portant coal consumers but are favorably situated with respect to all rail haul. PRESENT FACILITIES Minneapolis. — A municipal terminal owned by the city of Minneapolis and operated by the Inland Waterways Corporation is located just down- stream from the Washington Avenue Bridge. There is a concrete wall 1,082 feet long, and 3 feet wide on top with a vertical face on the river side. The equipment consists of a locomotive crane, wharf barge, escalator and ware- house. Direct rail-to-water connections are available with the Minneapolis and St. Louis Eailway Company. St. Paul. — This city is equipped with several docks that might be made available for handling of coal, among them the Ford Motor Company terminal below the Twin Lock and Dam. This dock is available for public use but has no rail connections and no mechanical appliances for handling freight. The Municipal dock, owned by the city of St. Paul, is located at the foot of Mar- ket Street. It is 800 feet long and is connected by a double track with a spur line with the tracks of the Chicago, Milwaukee, and St. Paul Eailway. It is provided with a locomotive crane. Winona, Minnesota. — The city has a masonry quay wall, adjacent to the business section, having a frontage of 1,150 feet and a depth of 200 feet. Switching tracks of the Chicago and Northwestern Eailway are about 100 feet back of the quay wall. La Crosse, Wisconsin. — At this city there is a paved embankment having a dockage front of about 1,500 feet, adjacent to the business section. Direct rail and water connections are available by the lines of the Chicago, Mil- waukee and St. Paul Eailway. No mechanical devices for handling freight are available. UNLOADING FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT A survey of existing facilities for the development of coal traffic indicates that ample dock space is available in the principal cities of the Upper Mis- sissippi Eiver coal market area, but that coal handling equipment and coal storage yards must be provided. The type of coal handling equipment and the size of storage yards will be determined by forecasts concerning the prob- able growth of river-borne coal traffic. 14 ILLINOIS COAL ON THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI WATERWAY FREIGHT RATES TO THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY Coal is shipped to the Upper Mississippi Valley by rail and water over the Great Lakes from mining districts in Ohio, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Virginia and Kentucky, and by all-rail haul from these same fields, and also from shipments from Illinois, Indiana, and Western Kentucky. In table 4 is given the transportation cost from principal supplying fields to St. Paul and Minneapolis by the several routes of transportation, and the difference between these rates and deliveries to the port of Alton from Illinois fields. In column 1 is given the base rate effective before March 15, 1937. In column 2 is given the present rates which include the temporary increase granted by the Interstate Commerce Commission effective until December 31, 1938, unless cancelled, changed, or extended before that date. In column 3 are given differences between the freight rate from several southwestern Illinois mining districts to Alton (85 cents) and the rate from Appalachian fields to St. Paul and Minneapolis. In column 4 the difference between the rate from southern Illinois to Alton ($1.10) and the rate from Appa- lachian fields to St. Paul and Minneapolis is given. The differences shown in columns 3 and 4 represent amounts consid- erably in excess of the cost of river transport from Alton to St. Paul and Minneapolis. This excess, less the river rate, may be sufficiently large to absorb the differences in mine prices of coal between Appalachian and Illinois fields and the price differential due to differences in the quality of the coal. If, for example, the river rate per ton of coal is $1.50, there is a differential of 140.5 cents in favor of coal from the Belleville district in comparison with coal from Massilon, Ohio, or a difference of $2§S£-over coal from the Cumber- land-Piedmont district of West Virginia. "^ RAIL-RIVER COAL TRADE AND SEASONAL PRODUCTION TRENDS In view of the fact that water shipments to the northwest are made in a comparatively short season beginning about the 1st of April and ending approximately on the 15th of November, the coal mining districts supplying this market have enjoyed a summer activity which is not characteristic of mining districts dependent upon all-rail traffic for their market outlets. The monthly trend of production in southern West Virginia and eastern Ken- tucky fields, both of which are important contributors to the lake cargo trade, show a smaller monthly deviation from the average production than does either Illinois, or the coal industry as a whole. The monthly fluctuation in production in each of these states and in the United States is shown in table 7 and portrayed graphically in figure 2. KAIL-EIVER TRADE AND SEASONAL TRENDS 15 Table 4. — Rates on bituminous coal from selected coal mining districts to St. Paul and Minneapolis, Minnesota, and differentials between Alton and St. Paul- Minneapolis. (Cents per short tons) Field of Origin Base rate* Revised Nov. 15, 1937f Difference, Belleville, Springfield, Mt. Olive, Centralia, (85 cents) Difference, Southern Illinois (110 cents) LAKE CARGO COAL: Ohio and Pennsylvania — Massilon 358 373 376 384 396 413 426 505 480 495 540 555 555 540 540 375.5 390.5 393.5 401.5 413.5 428.5 443.5 520 495 510 555 570 570 555 555 290.5 305.5 308.5 316.5 328.5 343.5 358.5 435 410 425 470 485 485 470 470 265 5 Ohio Number 8 280 5 Pittsburgh, Pa.-W. Virginia Connellsville 283.5 291 5 West Virginia — Fairmont 303 5 Kanawha 318 5 Pocahontas-Tug River 333 5 ALL-RAIL RATES: Ohio- Ohio Number 8 410 Massilon 385 Middle 400 Pennsylvania — Connellsville 445 West Virginia — Cumberland-Piedmont and Gauley . Meyersdale 460 460 Roaring Creek and Upshur East Kentucky — Hazard 445 445 Illinois — Herrin, Holidaysboro Cutler Belleville Mt. Olive Eldorado Lump Slack 375 316 365 306 380 306 360 286 390 316 Lump Slack 390 331 380 321 380 321 360 301 390 331 * Rates in effect previous to Nov. 15, 1937, in cents per short ton. Includes rate from producing- field to lower lake ports plus 8 cents loading- charge, 40 cents for lake haul and $1.82 for rail haul from Duluth-Superior docks to St. Paul and Minneapolis. Tariff authorities: Baltimore and Ohio R. R. Tariff I. C. C. C. and C. 2654; Louisville and Nashville R. R. I. C. C. A-16265 ; Missouri Pacific R. R. Co. I. C. C. A-7988 ; Louis- ville and Nashville R. R. I. C. C. 16155. t Rates in effect beginning Nov. 15, 1937, and continuing until Dec. 31, 1938. In- cludes rates from producing fields to lower lake ports plus 8 cents loading charge, 40 cents for lake haul and $1.89% for rail haul from Duluth-Superior to St. Paul and Minneapolis. Communications to the author from : Missouri Pacific Railroad Co., Freight Traffic Dept. ; Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, Coal Traffic Dept. ; Northern Pacific Railroad, Freight Traffic Dept. ; and the Pennsylvania Railroad, Traffic Dept. 16 ILLINOIS COAL ON THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI WATERWAY Table 5. — Rates on bituminous coal from selected coal mining districts in Illinois to river ports at Alton, East St. Louis, and Chester, 111.* (Cents per short ton) Field of origin Alton E. St. Louis Chester Springfield Belleville Centralia DuQuoin Southern Illinois. Mt. Olive Tamaroa 85 85 85 95 110 85 95 85 85 95 85 110 85 95 95 115 * Letter from Traffic Manager, Illinois Central System. JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. Figure 2. — Production of coal, by months in Illinois, southern West Virginia and Eastern Kentucky, in 1935. RAIL-RIVER TRADE AND SEASONAL TRENDS 17 The development of a market for Illinois coal in the Upper Mississippi Eiver market area, which is its natural market, would not only widen the market outlet, but would provide summer activity for this additional tonnage created by this market and to that extent modify the extreme seasonal fluctua- tions of production that are characteristic of the coal mining in this State. Table 6. — Industrial Census* County Number of estab- lishments Horse- power Wage earners Wages Value of Product (thousands) Iowa — Allamakee 22 42 83 76 122 33 89 8 84 190 23 36 32 75 1,258 18 668 14 24 36 81 24 51 95 117 10 26 49 31 45 328 1,156 16,421 9,949 16,622 993 23,411 248 6,456 33,758 4,097 3,481 20,475 8,452 181,028 262 106,844 954 1,560 7,588 10,425 608 1,430 1,271 12,095 373 446 3,312 1,461 1,241 89 343 3,285 3,498 5,446 167 3,483 153 2,872 6,334 877 299 4,320 1,440 36,731 38 24,097 165 290 1,790 2,048 86 397 281 5,742 94 136 544 134 122 74,723 401,727 4,047,030 4,163,912 5,991,782 171,946 4,046,634 106,369 2,578,037 8,202,291 1,076,907 299,329 5,544,749 1,596,097 47,119,501 48,282 31,798,139 211,755 360,668 2,228,353 2,321,328 98,221 384,985 307,000 6,131,457 87,700 156,567 717,087 135,720 127,758 1,314 Clayton 3,750 Clinton 27,106 Des Moines 17,244 Dubuque 34,257 Jackson 2,125 Lee 33,053 Louisa 434 Muscatine 14,259 Scott 50,825 Minnesota — Anoka 10,162 Carver 3,410 Dakota 126,063 Goodhue. . 20,908 Hennepin 371,579 Houston 1,306 Ramsey 212,187 Scott 1,681 7,654 Washington 27,771 Winona 23,720 Wisconsin — Buffalo 2,258 Crawford 2,924 Grant 4,684 La Crosse 27,704 Pepin 1,974 Pierce 2,566 St. Croix 6,139 Trempealeau 4,432 Vernon 4,525 * Manufacturing Market Statistics, Domestic Commerce Series, No. 67, U. S. Depart- ment of Commerce, Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, 1932. IS ILLINOIS COAL ON THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI WATERWAY Table 7. — Monthly production of coal, in 1935, in southern West Virginia, eastern Kentucky, Illinois, and the United States, and index of production for each month* At 7^tWva^i^ *rf •?*■*£" Zcrm . (Mtfnthly average = 100) Month Southern West Virginia Index Eastern Kentucky Index Illinois Index U.S. Index January 6,614 6,467 6,962 5,001 5,620 6,458 5,323 6,183 5,200 8,591 6,715 6,329 105 103 111 80 88 103 85 98 83 136 107 101 2,925 2, £87 2,945 2,200 2,528 2,663 2,228 2,494 2,461 3,493 3,023 2,776 107 106 107 81 93 98 82 92 91 128 111 102 5,174 4,677 5,191 2,051 2,607 3,114 2,027 2,465 2,955 4,885 4,247 5,132 139 126 140 55 70 83 55 66 79 131 114 138 37,019 35,149 38,970 22,134 26,955 30,260 22,511 26,322 25,321 38,120 33,747 35,805 120 February March 113 125 April 71 May 83 June. . . 97 July 72 August September October November December 84 81 123 108 115 Total 75,463 32,627 44,525 372,373 Average 6,288 2,719 3,710 31,031 Minerals Yearbook, 1937, U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines. Table 8. — Population of Upper Mississippi River Counties* Iowa Minnesota Wisconsin County Population County Population County Population Allamakee. . . . Clayton Clinton Des Moines. . . Dubuque Jackson Lee Louisa Muscatine. . . . Scott 16,328 24,559 44,377 38,162 61,214 18,481 41,268 11,575 29,385 77,332 Anoka Carver Dakota Goodhue Hennepin Houston Ramsey Scott Wabasha Washington Winona 18,415 16,936 34,592 31,317 517,785 13,845 286,721 14,116 17,613 24,753 35,144 Buffalo Crawford Grant La Crosse Pepin Pierce St. Croix Trempealeau .... Vernon 15,330 16,781 38,469 54,455 7,450 21,043 25,455 23,910 28,537 362,681 1,011,237 231,430 State total .... 2,470,939 2,563,953 2,912,439 * Fifteenth Census of the United States, Population, Volume 1, pp. 362, 363, 545, 546, 1182 and 1183. 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'^ P o b P o3 ¥ o PM a OJ p cc J* . a OJ p 'E o3 pp a oi CO o p cu M c E- 1 c -r p cc c "WASCHER'S* LIBRARY BINDERS 507 S. Goodwin Urbana, III