C.a. STATE OF ILLINOIS HENRY HORNER, Governor DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION JOHN J. HALLIHAN, Director DIVISION OF THE STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY M. M. LEIGHTON, Chief URBANA REPORT OF INVESTIGATIONS — NO. 63 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1939 With Special Discussion of Distribution of Coal in 1937 BY Walter H. Voskuil and G. N. Olive] LI.BMW II GEOL SURVEY Printed by authority of the State of Illinois URBANA, ILLINOIS 19 4 ILLINOIS SWE GLOLGGICAL SURVEY LIBRARY STATE OK ILLINOIS HON. HENRY HORNER, Governor DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION HON. JOHN J. HALLIHAN, Director BOARD OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND CONSERVATION HON. JOHN J. HALLIHAN, Chairman Ph.D., EDSON S. BASTIN, Ph.D., Geology WILLIAM A. NOYES. Ph.D., LL.D., Chem.D., D.Sc., Chemistry LOUIS R. HOWSON, C.E., Engineering WILLIAM TRELEASE, D.Sc., LL.D., Biology D.Sc, Forestry. HENRY C. COWLES, (Deceased) ARTHUR CUTTS WILLARD, D.Engr., LL.D. President of the University of Illinois STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DIVISION Urban a M. M. LEIGHTON, Ph.D., Chief ENID TOWNLEY, M.S., Assistant to the Chief JANE TITCOMB, M.A., Geological Assistant GEOLOGICAL RESOURCES Coal G. H. CADY, Ph.D., Senior Geologist and Head L. C. McCABE, Ph.D., Assoc. Geologist JAMES M. SCHOPF, Ph.D., Asst. Geologist I. NORM AN PAYNE, Ph.D., Asst. Geologist CHARLES C. HOLEY, M.S., Asst. Mining Eng. Industrial Minerals J. E. LAMAR, B.S., Geologist and Head H. B. WILLMAN, Ph.D., Assoc. Geologist DOUGLAS F. STEYENS, M.E., Research Asso- ciate ROBERT M. GROGAN, Ph.D., Asst. Geologist ROBERT R. REYNOLDS, B.S., Research Assist- ant Oil and Gas A. H. BELL, Ph.D., Geologist and Head G. V. COHEE, Ph.D., Asst. Geologist FREDERICK SQUIRES, B.S., Assoc. Petr. Eng. CHARLES W. CARTER, Ph.D., Asst. Geologist F. C. Mac KNIGHT, Ph.D., Asst. Geologist ROY B. RALSTON, B.A., Research Assistant WAYNE F. MEENTS, Research Assistant Areal and Engineering Geology GEORGE E. EKBLAW, Ph.D., Geologist and Head HARRY McDERMITH, B.S., Asst. Topographic- Engineer RICHARD F. FISHER, B.A., Research Assistant Subsurface Geology L. E. WORKMAN, M.S., Geologist and Head ELWOOD ATHERTON, Ph.D., Asst. Geologist MERLYN B. BUHLE, M.S., Asst. Geologist I. T. SCHWADE, M.S., Asst. Geologist FRANK E. TIPPIE, B.S., Research Assistant Stratigraphy and Paleontology J. MARVIN WELLER, Ph.D., Geologist and Head CHALMER L. COOPER, M.S., Assoc. Geologist Petrography RALPH E. GRIM, Ph.D., Petrographer RICHARDS A. ROWLAND, Ph.D., Asst. Geolo- gist Physics R. J. PIERSOL, Ph.D., Physicist DONALD O. HOLLAND, M.S., Asst. Physicist PAUL F. ELARDE, B.S., Research Assistant GEOCHEMISTRY FRANK H. REED, Ph.D., Chief Chemist W. F. BRADLEY, Ph.D., Assoc. Chemist G. C. FINGER, Ph.D., Assoc. Chemist HELEN F. AUSTIN, B.S., Research Assistant Fuels G. R. YOHE, Ph.D., Assoc. Chemist in Charge CARL HARMAN, B.S., Research Assistant Industrial Minerals J. S. MACHIN, Ph.D., Chemist and Head JAMES F. VANECEK, M.S., Research Assistant Analytical O. W. REES, Ph.D., Chemist and Head L. D. McVICKER, B.S., Asst. Chemist GEORGE W. LAND, B.Ed., Research Assistant P. W. HENLINE, M.S., Research Assistant MATHEW KALINOWSKI, M.S., Research Assistant ARNOLD J. VERAGUTH, M.S., Research Assist- ant MINERAL ECONOMICS W H. VOSKUIL, Ph.D., Mineral Economist GRACE N. OLIVER, A.B., Assistant in Mineral Economics EDUCATIONAL EXTENSION DON L. CARROLL, B.S., Assoc. Geologist PUBLICATIONS AND RECORDS GEORGE E. EKBLAW, Ph.D., Geologic Editor CHALMER L. COOPER, M.S., Geologic Editor DOROTHY ROSE, B.S., Technical Editor KATHRYN K. DEDMAN, M.A., Asst. Technical Editor ALMA R. SWEENY, A.B., Technical Files Clerk FRANCES HARPER LEHDE, M.S., Asst. Techni- cal Files Clerk MEREDITH M. CALKINS, Geologic Draftsman LESLIE D. VAUGHAN, Asst. Photographer DOLORES C. THOMAS, B.A., Geologic Clerk Consultants: Ceramics, CULLEN WARNER PARMELEE, M.S., D. Sc, and RALPH K. HURSH, B.S., University of Illinois; Pleistocene Invertebrate Paleontology, FRANK COLLINS BAKER, B.S., University of Illinois. Topographic Mapping in Cooperation with the United States Geological Survey. This Report is a Contribution of the Section of Mineral Economics. '(-LINO'S STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY (A25057— 2M— 7-40) July 1, 1940 3 3051 00005 6824 CONTENTS PAGE Introduction 5 Acknowledgments 5 Coal in 1939 5 Production 5 Freight rate group districts 7 Distribution of coal in 1939 12 Origin of lake cargo coal 12 Distribution of lake cargo coal 13 Coal shipments on inland waterways 13 Distribution of coal in the Illinois coal market area in 1937 15 Analysis of data in the 1937 distribution report 16 All-rail coal 16 Lake cargo coal 17 Shipments of special types ot coal 19 By-product coal 19 Low- volatile coal 20 Freight rates 22 Summary of competitive relationships in the Illinois coal market area 22 Structure of the Illinois coal industry 23 Introduction 23 Production 23 Types of mines 23 Distribution of Illinois coal 25 River transportation of Illinois coal 27 Relationship of the waterways to coal producing districts and to coal markets 27 The river markets 27 Mississippi River transportation 29 Sizes of coal shipped from Illinois mines in 1937 SO Petroleum 31 Supply and demand U Stocks of oil 32 Stocks of crude petroleum 33 Stocks of refined products 34 Consumption of oil 36 Developments in Illinois in 1939 38 Refineries 38 Natural gas 39 Building construction 41 Trend of building activity and related industries 41 Clay products 45 Fluorspar 47 Agricultural limestone 48 Portland cement 51 Appendix 52 [i I TABLES PAGE 1. Summary of production and value of Illinois minerals, 1938-1939 6 2. Production of bituminous coal, 1935-1939 7 3. Production from shipping mines by freight rate group districts, 1939 7 4. Coal production in shipping mines in Illinois, by counties and months, for 1939. 8 5. Coal output from shipping mines in Illinois, by months and by types of mines, 1938 and 1939 8 6. Recorded shipments of coal into the Illinois coal market area, 1938-1939 12 7. Origin and destination of revenue railroad shipments of coal from Illinois, Indi- ana, western Kentucky, and from the Appalachians in 1938 and 1939 10 8. Origin of lake cargo coal, 1938 and 1939 13 9. Lake cargo shipments and receipts of coal at upper Lake docks, 1934-1939. ... 13 10. Coal shipments on inland waterways, 1937-1939 15 11. All-rail shipments of Illinois and other coal into states and market areas in the Illinois coal market area in 1937 17 12. Lake cargo coal shipped into the Illinois coal market area, including Michigan ports on Lake Michigan and Lake Superior, 1937 18 13. Coal shipped by rail from upper Lake docks to inland destinations, 1937 18 14. All rail shipments and transshipped rail shipments of Illinois and other coal into market areas comprising the Upper Mississippi Valley, 1937 19 15. Shipments of by-product coal, by producing districts, 1937 20 16. All-rail shipments oi by-product coal into states and market areas in the Illinois coal market area in 1937 21 17. All-rail shipments of low- volatile bituminous coal, other than by-product coal, into the Illinois coal market area in 1937 21 18. Lake cargo shipments of low-volatile bituminous coal for other than by-product purposes, 1937 22 19. Production of Illinois coal, by types of mines, 1937 23 20. Coal shipped by truck from Illinois mines in 1937 25 21. All-rail shipments of Illinois coal, by sizes and by principal markets, 1937 30 22. Production of oil in the United States and in Illinois, 1935-1939 31 23. New supply of oils from all sources in the United States in 1938 and 1939 32 24. Crude oil demand in 1938 and 1939 32 25. Stocks of crude oil in the United States and in Illinois, 1937, 1938, and 1939. ... 33 26. Stocks of crude oil at refineries in the United States and in the Central Refining District and in Illinois, 1938 and 1939 34 27. Stocks of refined products, 1938-1939 35 28. Crude oil runs-to-stills in the Central Refining District, 1936-1938 36 29. Petroleum production in Illinois and principal competing states, 1938-1939. ... 37 30. Crude petroleum consumed by refineries in Illinois, 1935-1938 37 31. Production and consumption of gasoline in states supplied mainly by refineries in the Central Refining District, 1938 38 32. Consumption of fuel oil in Illinois in 1938, by grades and uses 38 33. Natural gas sales in Illinois, 1936-1939 39 34. Building permits issued in 23 Illinois cities in 1938 and 1939 42 35. Building permits issued in Illinois in 1939, by types and by months 42 36. Value of clay products, 1935-1939 45 37. Production of clay products, by classes, 1938 and 1939 45 38. Shipments of clay products in Illinois by months and by classes, 1939 46 39. Fluorspar shipped from mines in the United States, 1938-1939 by states 47 [2] TABLES— Continued PAGE 40. Fluorspar imported into the United States, 1938-1939, by countries 48 41. Fluorspar consumed and in stock in the United States, 1938 and 1939, by indus- tries 48 42. Consumption of agricultural limestone in Illinois, by counties, 1938 and 1939. ... 49 APPENDIX TABLES 1. All-rail shipments of bituminous coal by districts of origin Nos. 1-15, into market areas 15, 19-157, in 1937, exclusive of railroad fuel 52 2. Freight rates from a representative low-volatile field (Pocahontas) to market desti- nations in the Illinois coal market area, compared with freight rates from Illi- nois fields, 1937 54 3. Description of size groups of coal in District No. 10 as defined by the U. S. Bitu- minous Coal Commission in its schedule of proposed minimum prices, June, 1939 56 FIGURES 1. Coal Market Areas in the Upper Mississippi Valley 14 2. Illinois coal freight rate districts 24 3. Illinois coal truck-shipment sections 26 4. Rail freight rates from Illinois coal districts to river ports 28 5. Value of building permits in Illinois cities, by months, 1939 40 6. Value of building permits in Decatur, Peoria, and Springfield, Illinois, 1919-1939. 40 7. Value of clay products in Illinois, 1920-1938 43 8. Building sand, building gravel, and Portland cement used in Illinois, 1920-1938. . 44 9. Paving sand, paving gravel, and limestone used for concrete and road metal in Illi- nois, 1920-1938 44 [ 3 | Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign http://archive.org/details/illinoisminerali63vosk ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1939 WITH SPECIAL DISCUSSION OF DISTRIBUTION OF COAL IN 1937 BY Walter H. Voskuil axd G. N. Oliver INTRODUCTION The outstanding characteristic of the Illinois mineral industry in 1939 was the rapid increase in output of petroleum, which has surpassed coal in the value of output. Production in 1939 was four times that in 1938 and 20 times that in 1936, the last year that production was obtained solely from the old southeastern field and other small pools with long histories of production. In 1939 the coal production was larger than the low output of 1938 but it did not reach the level of 1937. The production of construction materials and industrial minerals showed a marked increase over that of the previous year. The agricultural limestone output again exceeded one million tons, and Illinois continues to be the leading state in the application of lime- stone to the soil. Acknowledgments This report is made possible through the cooperation of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, the Bituminous Coal Division of the U. S. Department of the In- terior, the Illinois State Department of Mines and Minerals, and the generous cooperation of producers in Illinois in responding to requests for information. COAL IN 1939 Production Coal production in 1939 exceeded the low level of output in 1938 but did not reach the high level of 1937. The outstanding feature of the industry in 1939 was the prolonged suspension of the mining in Appalachian fields be- ginning April 1, pending the negotiations of a new wage agreement. Suspen- sion of mining activities did not go into effect in Illinois and Indiana until early in May and then only to a limited extent. Prolonged suspension of mining operations in the Appalachian field resulted in shipments of coal from Illinois, Indiana, and western Kentucky to markets in Cleveland, Pittsburgh, Buffalo, New York, and to other smaller market centers. Shipments from Illinois alone to eastern markets are estimated at 1,500,000 tons. [51 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY Table 1. -Summary of Production and Value of Illinois Minerals, 1938-1939 Mineral 1938 = Amount b Value 1939 c Amount b Vali Petroleum (barrels) Coal Pig iron (gross tons) Coke Clay products, including pottery. . . . Cement, Portland (barrels) Sand and gravel (total) Structural sand Paving and road-making sand. . . . Glass sand Molding sand Railroad ballast sand e Grinding, polishing and blast sand Engine sand Fire or furnace sand Other sands Structural gravel Paving and road making gravel 8 . . Railroad ballast gravel e Other gravel Limestone (total) Construction Road metal and concrete Flux Railroad ballast Riprap Rubble Agricultural Other uses Natural gasoline (gallons) Natural gas (therms) Lime Fuller's earth Fluorspar (short tons) Quartz (silica) Clay, raw, including that burned at mine or pit Tripoli Sandstone Pyrites Other minerals 24,075,000 41,912,000 1,519,572 1,734,511 4,357,119 12,538,469 1,145,318 1,087,239 ( d ) 359,363 191,565 61,175 38,235 10,432 547,091 1,159.634 2.781,580 1,166,371 53.692 9,775,110 ( d ) 6,729.280 141,780 220,130 103,100 4,160 1.174,986 195,760 2,436,154 758,763 135,256 ( d ) 35,368 66,583 94,770 8,141 ( d ) (") 315,319 $23,000,000 62,964,800 30,899,012 11,706,788 9,450,784 5.993,634 5,648,601 542,994 507,555 ( d ) 356,799 51,032 184,258 22,501 16,864 647,838 595 , 249 1.169,935 392,166 26,676 7.487,346 ( d ) 5,584,382 116,581 153,755 106,185 7,471 1,170,900 348,072 123,959 965,836 ( d ) 751,227 418,881 226,617 117,107 ( d ) (*) 413.964 Total value 159,033,832 94,302,000 46,000,000 2,975,000 2,600,000 4,801 8,572 1,422 821 ( d ) 448 478 87 66 30 222 1,186 1,543 996 784 8,898 193 6,285 186 210 83 6 1,516 420 2,004 838 147 ( d ) 75 ( d ) 292 589 527 690 579 739 686 518 532 671 117 671 343 743 844 178 990 f 021 777 255 f 666 048 f 269 217 650 729 257 686,557 ( d ) ( d ) $94,835 73,600 60,987 17,720 11,930 7,056 5,001 603 361 ( d ) 498 120 256 33 23 454 591 663 388 400 8,155 274 5,628 177 129 89 7 1,500 348 111 430,950 500 000 000 000 290 745 758 854 564 862 818 247 145 436 268 001 439 268 284 546 365 232 f 828 520 633 f 896 000 f 072 981 1,064,154 ( d ) 1,638,693 ( d ) 852,459 ( d ) ( d ) 731,272 283,385,398 a Final figures. b In tons except as noted. c Preliminary figures. ^Included in "Other minerals." e Includes some material used for fills and similar purposes. •Includes both commercial and noncommercial limestone. g Includes commercial gravel only. COAL Production of coal in the past five years in Illinois and the entire nation is shown in table 2. Table 2. — Production of Bituminous Coal, 1935-1939 (Thousands of tons) Year United States Illinois Illinois per cent of total 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 a 372.373 439.088 445.531 344,630 389.025 44.525 50.927 51.602 41.912 46.000 12.0 11.6 11.6 11.8 11.8 a Preliminary figures. The production of coal from shipping mines, by counties and months, is shown in table 4. This does not represent the entire output of Illinois coal because approximately 12 per cent of Illinois coal output, not included in the above table, is shipped by truck. Table 4 is primarily useful in showing the seasonal trend of coal production. Freight Rate Group Districts The coal production from shipping mines, grouped into freight rate districts, is shown in table 3. The districts are those defined by the Coal Producers Board for the State of Illinois and by the U. S. Bituminous Coal Division; they comprise the following counties: 1. Northern Illinois-Atkinson: Will, Grundy, LaSalle, Livingston, Bureau, Henry, Put- nam, Marshall, Woodford. 2. Fulton-Peoria: Knox, Fulton, Peoria, Tazewell. 3. Springfield: Logan, Menard, Macon, Sangamon, Christian, Macoupin, Montgomery. 4 to 6. Belleville-DuQuoin: Madison, Bond, Clinton, St. Clair, Randolph, Washington, Perry, Jackson, Mason. 7. Southern Illinois: Jefferson, Franklin, Williamson, Saline, White, Gallatin. 8. Danville: Vermilion. Table 3. — Production - from Shipping Mines bv Freight Rate Group Districts, 1939 a ' b (In net tons) Northern Illinois-Atkinson 889.944 Fulton-Peoria 4.249.483 Springfield 10.067.607 Belleville-DuQuoin 9.016.332 Southern Illinois 13.807,960 Danville 1.630.255 Other districts 2.259.376 Total 41,920.957 a CompiIed from Monthly Reports of Coal Produc- duction, Illinois State Dept. Mines and Minerals, Spring- field, 111., 1939. b See figure 2. ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY Table 4. — Coal Production in Shipping Minks in (In net County January February March April May June Christian 368.579 12,820 996,427 348,449 163.149 399.200 138.718 71,478 354.366 129,805 336.765 168.531 182,577 142,079 188,310 441,123 343,175 14,361 975.980 319.407 146.746 385,486 154,820 104,533 327,169 120,992 327,069 190,482 168,366 186,319 196.889 432,068 373,461 8,538 738,867 314.165 137,683 399,674 102,830 100,752 311,276 128,623 298,269 188,359 132,907 196,328 162.398 428.837 352,650 4.219 674,532 287,214 128.960 281.502 57,962 76,969 305,124 92,873 236,856 142,547 115,405 167.346 170,286 332,833 224,636 2,002 384,550 158,094 65,034 264,337 87,943 23,083 152,884 45,955 309,743 108.382 94,037 70,797 87,990 174,731 222,532 Clinton Franklin 2,597 232.833 Fulton 162,255 Jackson 81,456 Macoupin Madison Peoria Perry Randolph Saline 232,077 46,030 48,935 132,993 52,734 95,643 Sangamon St. Clair Vermilion Williamson Other counties . .... 60,628 46,356 42,340 84,370 195,940 Total 4.422,376 4.393,862 4,022,967 3,427.278 2.254,198 1.739.719 "From Monthly Reports of Coal Production, Illinois State Dept. Mines and Minerals, Springfield, Illinois. Taiji.e 5. — Coal Output from Shipping Mines in h (Net Total output, 1938 Total output, 1939 Increase or decrease Strip mines, 1938 Strip mines, 1939 Increase or decrease Shaft mines, 1938 Shaft mines, 1939 Increase or decrease January 4,230.976 4,442,376 + 211,400 813,224 1.140,491 +327,267 3,417,752 3,301,885 -115,867 Feb 3,388,278 4,393,862 + 1,005,584 745,676 1,068,689 +323.013 2,642,602 3,325,173 +682,571 March 2,718,782 4,022,967 + 1.304,185 708,556 1,078,995 +370,439 2,010,226 2,943,972 +933,746 April 2,167,039 3.427,278 + 1,260,239 623,139 978,352 +355,213 1,543,900 2,448,926 +905,026 May 1,874,332 2,254,198 +379.866 509,500 523,960 + 14,460 1,364,832 1,730,238 +365,406 ^Compiled from Monthly Reports of Coal Production, Illinois State Dept. Mines and Minerals, Spring- field, Illinois. COAL Illinois, by Counties and Months, for 1939 a tons) Total July August September October November December 1939 1938 264.797 332,400 319.908 422,859 428,690 507,193 4,160,880 3,694,119 3.612 4.940 7.853 13,482 12,465 13,982 100,871 124,864 345.554 624.948 843.896 1.035,931 879,661 845.998 8,579,177 7,895,421 176.411 224,647 272.257 360,286 374,161 365,641 3,362,987 2,566,889 113.235 140.366 153.430 180,979 182,393 141.822 1,635,253 1,117,810 212.432 272,967 273,905 280,896 233,289 197,195 3,432,960 3,274,583 59.844 73,411 143,393 160.158 132,008 137,253 1,294,370 740,293 58.676 74.264 74,008 91,165 82,731 78,802 885,396 935,054 193.107 188.013 218,005 296,041 303,131 318,764 3,100,873 2,893,306 66.091 90.807 98,651 131,888 114,909 128,260 1,201,588 1,039,234 124.553 166.037 322,856 384,351 349,032 351,497 3,302,671 2,768,203 89,209 94,511 96,534 180.721 190.461 246,427 1,756,792 1,315,092 52.364 71.223 111,878 157,757 150,611 163,051 1,446,532 1,514,362 72,725 90.177 110.612 181,161 189.877 180,494 1,630,255 1,328,185 107.173 132.437 157.708 225.961 207,061 205,529 1,926,112 1,681.092 227,796 303,107 271.624 444,608 397,586 453,987 4,104,240 3.954,069 2.167,579 2,884.255 3,476,518 4,548.244 4,228,066 4,335,895 41,920,957 36,842,576 by Months and by Types of Mines, 1938 and 1939 ; tons) June July August September October November December Total 2,112,508 1.739.719 2,192,384 2,167.579 2,760,098 2,884,255 3,329,526 3,476,518 3,529,802 4,578.244 3,976,278 4,228,066 4.562,573 4,335,895 36,842,576 41,920,957 -372.789 -24.805 + 124.157 + 146.992 + 1,018.442 +251.788 -226,668 +5,078.381 675.038 517.165 583.518 675,227 811,320 718.387 926.400 888.322 966,900 1,108,398 1,103,654 1.021,736 1,187,559 1,084,447 9,654,484 10.804,169 -157,873 +91,719 +92,933 +38,078 + 141,498 -81,918 -103,112 + 1,149,685 1,437,470 1,222,554 1,608,866 1,492,352 1,948,778 2,165,868 2,403,126 2,588,196 2,562,902 3,439,846 2,872,624 3,206.330 3,375,014 3,251,448 27,188,092 31,116,788 -214.916 -116.514 +217,090 + 185,070 +876,944 +333,706 -123,566 +3,928,696 10 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY Table 7. — Origin and Destination of Revenue Railroad Shipments of Coal from (Exclusive of non- fin net From Chicago District Illinois, other b Mil- waukee, Wis. Wis- consin, other Council Bluffs, 1938 Western Pennsylvania Central Pennsylvania, Somerset- Myersdale, and Cumberland- Piedmont Fairmont, W. Va Northern and eastern Ohio Southern Ohio Kanawha, Logan and Kenova- Thacker New River-Winding Gulf and Poca- hontas-Tug River Northeast Kentucky and McRoberts Virginia Hazard, Harlan and Southern Ap- palachians F'x-river coal Northern Illinois Central and Southern Illinois Indiana Western Kentucky Grand Total Per cent of change over 1937 754 26,613 37.112 1,404 1.052 801,911 4,858.237 759.917 368.293 1.628.665 525.882 4.137.957 2.299,876 536.657 15.984.330 35.5 42 4.712 4.740 516 90,458 350.434 84,648 47.249 345.450 1,269 1,930.569 6,441.092 1.041.479 254.391 10.597,049 15.2 256 249 77 599 87,509 600 6,670 192 1,231 23.311 79,319 6.832 206.845 22.8 8,441 2,532 1,267 73 24.485 498,044 36,162 68,511 30,442 168,526 953,803 408.480 139,181 2,339.947 -12.3 674 560 391 48 22,215 223 3,630 27,741 ■45.3 1939 Western Pennsylvania 1.068 14.996 54.022 1,154 445 764,169 5.996,928 956,370 278,183 2,208,127 321 669,466 4,417,242 2,502,353 570,202 430 4,202 5.039 31 502 Central Pennsylvania, Somerset- Myersdale, and Cumberland- Piedmont 6,789 608 984 37 18,154 504.773 33.671 69,742 32,474 542 Northern and eastern Ohio Southern Ohio 34 92.164 350,402 88,512 38,708 367,468 1,172 71,365 1,200 3.319 340 Kanawha, Logan and Kenova- Thacker New River-Winding Gult and Po- cahontas-Tug River Northeast Kentucky and McRoberts Virginia 469 "24 Hazard, Harlan and Southern Ap- palachians 480 Northern Illinois Central and Southern Illinois Indiana Western Kentucky 2,363,089 8,231,018 1,111,287 241,774 3.151 54,291 103.650 51 207,085 1,119,251 401,995 131,372 441 20,830 117 2,628 Grand Total 18,435,046 12,894,127 239.072 2,526,935 25,531 Per cent of change over 1938 + 15.3 +21.7 + 15.6 +8.0 -8.0 "Data from U. S. Bituminous Coal Division, Monthly Coal Distribution Report No. 101, May 29, 1940. ''Includes Davenport, Iowa for shipments from Ohio and the Crescent and includes Davenport, Betten- dorf, and Iowanna, Iowa for shipments from Illinois, Indiana and Western Kentucky; excludes East St. Louis, Illinois. COAL 11 Illinois, Indiana, Western Kentucky, and from the Appalachians en 1938 and 1939 a revenue railroad fuel) tons) Iowa, other St. Louis, Mo. Kan- sas City, Mo. St. Joseph, Mo. Mis- souri, other Kan- Ne- sas, braska, other other Minne- sota South Da- kota North Da- kota 1938 11.371 1.170 3.372 948 317 1.574 1.559 1.222 4.689 235 317 123 9,263 109,533 19.024 14.914 33.859 1,155 34 2.156 595 170,198 5.463 16.225 5 . 723 1.131 15.125 136.969 104.979 43.083 13 102 57 "528 978 7.651 1.798 1.701 3664 63.658 123.869 7.614 499.755 1.234 1,118 768.863 42 2,889.937 62.536 48,373 398 692.569 6.085 49.199 57.463 365 . 862 105.974 62.714 620 97.026 3,593 21,652 30 1,313,317 403 . 104 227.051 781 201 4.856 218 10.595 77.894 1.906 7.611 1.156 28 4.644 3,593,321 3,047,927 1,930 5.391 1.036,090 12.269 90.336 783.970139.872 i 5.858 -15 -31.0 -35.5 -60.3 — 5.5 -36.5 -26.3 -16.9 -20.0 -4.3 1939 36 10,455 1,442 3.358 977 218 1.695 1 , 305 1.170 5.070 55 595 100 7 . 245 89.531 17,518 10.976 28.045 1,008 2.363 36 341 163.389 174.995 125,683 150 1.881 18.170 521 190 797 54 482 6.883 1.760 1.411 1.875 67.163 122 120.177 351 10.492 489 . 748 808 449 1.181,515 50 3.453.746 62.067 37.557 571 855.379 7.309 34.702 9,815 48 42 74.591 1.482 6.070 64.055 334.716 81.507 53.227 554 93.997 2,323 16.990 35 1.202.208 411.482 211.472 620 168 5.364 35 885 6^941 3.872.283 3.877,657 1.887 5.617 901.972 11,168 84,209 692.640 127,319 7.861 +7.8 4-27.2 -2.2 +4.2 -12.9 -9.0 -6.8 -11 6 -9 +34.2 12 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY Distribution of Coal in 1939 Coal consumed in the Illinois coal market area is received from northern and southern districts in the Appalachian coal producing district, from Illi- nois, Indiana, and western Kentucky, and in minor quantities from the coal- producing districts in Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, North Dakota, Arkansas, Wyoming, and Colorado. The principal movements are the all-rail ship- ments from the Appalachian and Mississippi Valley fields to the Illinois coal market area, lake cargo shipments to upper lake dock territory, and a small tonnage shipped via the Illinois and Mississippi waterways to upper river ports. The largest shipments of coal come from the Appalachian district, particularly from fields in southern West Virginia and eastern Kentucky, and are delivered both in lake cargo and in all-rail shipments. Coal from these districts supplies, in part, the coking operations in the Chicago district and much of the domestic fuel demand in Chicago and other Lake Michigan ports. Recorded deliveries of coal other than railroad fuel, and local distribu- tion to states comprising the Illinois coal market area in 1938 and 1939, are shown in table 6. Detailed data on all-rail coal shipments into the Illinois coal market area are shown in table 7, pages 10 and 11. Table 6.— Recorded Shipments of Coal into the Illinois Coal Market Area, 1938-1939 (In thousands of tons) 1938 1939 All rail shipments 8 37,873 34,172 1.156 4,900 43 , 703 Lake cargo shipments'* River shipments 1 ' Truck shipments 39,837 2,110 5,750 Total 78,101 91,400 aU. S. Bur. Mines, Monthly Coal Distribution Reports. '>By letter from U. S. Corps of Engineers, Rock Island and Chicago districts. o Estimated. Origin of Lake Cargo Com. The high- and low-volatile coal fields of West Virginia and eastern Ken- tucky continue to dominate the lake trade. Lack of a large local market, and the suitability of these coals for coking purposes and domestic heating account for the heavy shipments. In 1939, there were 39,837,000 tons of coal loaded on vessels in Lake Erie ports 1 of which 10,744,183 tons, or 27 per cent, arrived 'For all commercial American docks on Lake Superior and on the west bank of Lake Michigan as far south as Racine and Kenosha. COAL 13 at destinations on Lake Michigan and Lake Superior. This coal originated in Ohio, Pennsylvania, West Virginia high- and low-volatile coal districts, eastern Kentucky, etc., in the amounts shown in table 8. Table 8. — Origin of Lake Cargo Coal, 1938 and 1939 a (In net tons) From 1938 1939 Eastern Kentucky Ohio Pennsylvania West Virginia 6,968,279 2,027,389 7,742,933 17,044,346 121,478 268,538 7,508,648 1,882,183 8.780,505 21.216,138 Tennessee Virginia. . 158,297 291,015 Total 34,172,963 39,836,786 aMonthly Coal Distribution Reports; U. S. Bur. Min., and U. S. Bituminous Coal Division. Distribution of Lake Cargo Coal Receipts of coal on upper lake docks for the years 1934 to 1939 are shown in table 9. Table 9. — Lake Cargo Shipments and Receipts of Coal at Upper Lake Docks, 1934-1939 a (Thousands of net tons) Bituminous coal loaded into vessels at Lake Erie ports Receipts AT b Year Lake Superior ports Lake Michigan ports Total 1934 1935 1936 . 34,869 34,730 44,011 43,645 34,173 39.837 8,023 6,829 9.358 9,115 6,614 6,515 4,535 4,043 5,114 4,822 3,758 4,229 12,558 10.872 14,472 1937 1938 1939 13.937 10,372 10,744 aMonthly Coal Distribution Reports, U. S. Bureau of Mines and U. S. Bituminous Coal Division. b Covers all commercial docks on Lake Superior and on the west bank of Lake Michigan as far south as Racine and Kenosha; does not include Waukegan and Chicago. Coal Shipments on Inland Waterways Coal shipments on the Mississippi and Illinois waterways have increased yearly and to a certain extent have opened for the Illinois coal industry markets previously served by Appalachian coal producers. Shipments since 1937 are shown in table 10. 14 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY ^$¥t ^^*7 OS 1 V^5±^ \ ' 2 — ' . * i \*~ * ° (tvlJ — r v 1 ^ \\~ J :§B§S 43VjU J p'if r\\ j__l— ■i 1 r mi fi^cTiL "n *1 on *T"\ \ \ ^irilSa Vx^ 1/ yy t^LJu-4---r"^ ...i..r ~>» -A^UfwJ; — | -fel. J47 _iLA 50 \ " 4P[ a Sii ^c ^rfl- M I \\ 1 1 *^r - l h\[ 55 ^go.fe?--. 4? ;•■•■, U s^rxil \-R-ipm r ^ -» ■••.£ I* **iy i y^«* , | "5oj*.r?y.. .• i Sip.**. ^'^trj rpj fV 1 ^! h — V^t 1 ^!^^^ i \ \ \ 66 -| |_3^.l| jrr'i|i^i'i|i^ilnjii-- r .^. J — i 1 xt-LJ^l'-il P~J ""T^ii - - — ^ : f — ^ >< 1 f K-t3S^?o^ y~ _75^H~_^ ^^kS^rW^tSP^ -^pjj^ • .....«, *•* nWr\x —Tit. i i . j • .\*jy^/^ 1— (f\_ 1 \ 1 /I /IT ii ^ irTT-.i.. tv^jv^ 2tr Fig. 1. — Coal Market Areas in the Upper Mississippi Valley, as Designated by the U. S. Bitu- minous Coal Division. DISTR1BUTIUX Ol COAL 15 Table 10. — Coal Shipments on Inland Waterways, 1937-1939 a Tons S HIPPED Year Mississippi River Illinois River 1937 1938 1939 89.554 199,737 409.624 490.862 956.120 1,700.000 aData obtained by letter from U. S. Corps of Engi- neers, Rock Island and Chicago districts. DISTRIBUTION OF COAL IN THE ILLINOIS COAL MARKET AREA IN 1937 An unusually detailed report'- of coal distribution from producing fields and districts 3 to market areas 4 within each state was prepared by the Bitu- minous Coal Division of the U. S. Department of the Interior for the year 1937. This is the first detailed distribution report that has been made since 1929 and may be regarded as representative of the structure of the coal market at the present time. These distribution reports include data on all-rail shipments, truck shipments, tidewater, lake cargo, and river cargo coal. They also include distribution by sizes and uses of by-product, bunker, and all other coals. The by-product coal includes that used in by-product coke and retort ovens and in water-gas manufacture. Coal used as railway fuel was excluded from these distribution reports inasmuch as it is impossible to allocate coal used as railroad fuel to any particular market area. Three other reports on coal distribution have been made, all of which lack much of the detail of the 1937 report. The first report of distribution and consumption was issued for the year 1915 by C. E. Lesher, geologist in charge of coal statistics for the U. S. Geological Survey, and was published in the annual report on mineral resources. 5 Two years later a similar report was prepared for the U. S. Fuel Administration. 6 A third survey, for the year 1929, was undertaken by the Coal and Coke Division of the U. S. Bureau of Mines under the direction of the late F. G. Tryon. 7 2 A11-Rail shipments of bituminous coal exclusive of railroad fuel as reported on forms D-l and D-3 for calendar year 1937, and realization obtainable thereon from proposed coordinated minimum prices. Interim summaries by market areas — Market Areas 15-75, 153-157. Pt. I, District Nos. 1-8; Pt. II, District Nos. 9-15; U. S. Bituminous Coal Division, Exhibit No. P-502, Pts. I and II, Aug. 13, 1939. Lake shipments of bituminous coal from ports on Lake Erie to destinations in market Areas Nos. 10, 12, 13, 15, 20, 21, 29, 30, 41, 42, 43, 44, and 45; also to destinations in market area No. 4 west of the Port Maitland Line, calendar year 1937. U. S. Bituminous Coal Division, Exhibit No. P-504, Aug. 15, 1939. Truck shipments of bituminous coal as reported on forms D-l, D-2 and D-3 for calendar year 1937, and realization obtainable thereon from proposed coordinated minimum prices. Districts 10, 11, 12, 14, and 15 — Interim summary — Truck coal: U. S. Bituminous Coal Division, Exhibit No. P-508, Aug. 15, 1939. Rail shipments inland from the upper lake docks to all market areas, compiled from rail carrier records, 1937: U. S. Bituminous Coal Division, Exhibit No. P-669, Sept. 25, 1939. 3 As defined in Section IV of the Bituminous Coal Act of 1937. 4 As outlined by the U. S. Bituminous Coal Division, in Federal Register for May 4, 1939. HJ. S. Geol. Survey, Mineral Resources of the United States, 1915, pt. II, pp. 433-513, 1917. 6 U. S. Geol. Survey, Mineral Resources of the United States, 1917, pt. II, pp. 1203-59, 1920. Published as mimeographed reports in part of the M. C. D. series of the U. S. Bureau of Mines. 16 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY In addition to these annual surveys there is published a monthly coal distribution report which is more restricted in its scope than the annual surveys. The Bituminous Coal Division survey of 1937 is presented in the form of "Exhibits in the Hearings on Minimum Prices Conducted by the Bitumi- nous Coal Division." (See Exhibits No. P-502, Pts. I and II.) Analysis of Data in the 1937 Distribution Report From the distribution data made available in the Bituminous Coal Division report, an analysis is here made of the sources, distribution, and uses of coal in the Illinois coal market area. The major features of this analysis consist of a series of tables showing: 1. All-rail shipments of coal in the area (table 11) 2. Lake cargo shipments of coal (table 12) 3. Shipments of by-product coal (tables 15 and 16) 4. Shipments of low-volatile coal not used for by-product purposes (tables 17 and 18) 5. Shipments of coal on the Illinois and Mississippi rivers (table 10) From the distribution data presented by the U. S. Bituminous Coal Division, it is possible to define more precisely the boundaries of the Illinois market area and the extent of coal shipments from competing districts into this market area. The Illinois market area, with the subdivisions as out- lined and described by the Bituminous Coal Division, is shown in figure 1. Illinois coal, in small quantities, is shipped beyond the boundaries of the area into Arkansas and Louisiana, and into some southern markets east of Mississippi River. All-rail Coal Table 11 shows the amount of all-rail coal, exclusive of fuel for railway use, shipped into the Illinois market area in 1937 from Illinois and competing fields. Of a total of 78,912,411 tons, Illinois supplied 25,662,111 tons, or ap- proximately 33 per cent. Only small shipments from Illinois to Indiana are to be expected in view of the abundant supplies of coal in Indiana and the near- ness of Appalachian coal fields. The large proportion of shipments from Illinois to Wisconsin and Minnesota show that the Illinois coal mining industry is in a strong position in competition with rail-borne coal from other producing districts in these market areas. These states, however, receive the bulk of their coal needs from lake docks so that the actual contribution of Illinois coal is rather low. In Iowa, Illinois coal competes with coal from Appalachian fields shipped to this destination by all-rail and by lake cargo, and with coal produced locally. DISTRIBUTIOX OF COAL 17 Table 11. — All-rail Shipments of Illinois and Other Coal into States and Market Areas in the Illinois Coal Market Area in 1937 a - b ' In net tons) To state or market area (See fig. 1 I Soi-rce of Coal Illii \; All other coal producing states Tot; Illinois per cent Indiana Indiana, other Chicago, 111 St. Louis, Mo Illinois, other Wisconsin Wisconsin Michigan Minnesota (St. Paul-Minneapolis) Minnesota (Northwest) Iowa, all Missouri, other Dakotas Nebraska (including Omaha 58) Other shipments (including Ark., Ls Ohio, Kan., Okla., Texas) 30 29 40 42 43 44 46 45 Total 472 171 7.492 4.367 8,289 1.100 247 2 391 173 1,747 857 124 151, 820 6.616 616 8.297 846 10.653 216 490 650 3.227 1.070, 396 70 369 74. 2 . 703 . 2.521, 378, 093 202 065 259 508 601 907 786 225 2.053 72.317 25.662.111 756 107 981 18 989 4 145 11 066 2 238 ' 934! 081 j 537 668 4 261 3, 520 170 14.327.847 53.251.300 089.576 468.723 146.827 858.205 516.795 170,159 643.440 72.999 760.340 248.045 451.269 379.168 503.306 204.395 6.6 2.0 41 3 88.2 72.0 50 6 38.4 2.8 51 69 39 25. 24 6. 14.400.164 78.913.411 40 aU. S. Bituminous Coal Division, General Docket Xo. 15, Exhibit Xo. P-613, 1939. b For detailed distribution data, by market areas, see table 1 in the Appendix, p. 52. Lake Cargo Coal The principal market tor lake cargo coal is among industries and public utilities located at lake dock ports. They use nearly 70 per cent of the coal that reaches docks on Lake Michigan and Lake Superior, and only 30 per cent is transshipped by rail into interior points. The quantity of coal re- ceived at lake ports in 1937 and the disposition of this coal is shown in tables 12 and 13. The estimates of amounts transshipped by rail from lake dock ports to interior destinations in 1937 have been made by the Bituminous Coal Division and the data gathered by the Division are presented in summary form in table 13. A comparison of tables 12 and 13 shows that 6,744,652 tons are accounted for as being shipped by railroads to interior points in the market areas de- signated, leaving a total of 16,104,835 tons which are consumed by industries receiving coal directly from vessels, by consumers within truckng distance of the docks, and by railroads. Nearly 88 per cent of rail shipments are destined to points in Wisconsin, Upper Michigan Peninsula, and Minnesota. With these data, table 14 has been prepared showing the position of the Illinois coal industry in the market districts comprising the Upper Mississippi Valley. Coal used as railroad fuel and the coal consumed in the dock ports of Wisconsin and Minnesota are not included in these figures. 18 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY Table 12. — Lake Cargo Coal Shipped into the Illinois Coal Market Area, Including Michigan Ports on Lake Michigan and Lake Superior, 1937 a Receiving port or market area Market area No. (See fig. 1) Tons Michigan Citv, Ind 30 29 41 42 43 44 45 2.056 Chicago 4.364.718 Waukegan Milwaukee, Racine, and Kenosha Northern Wisconsin 184.717 3.812.971 3.177.743 L T pper Michigan 1.895.918 Duluth district 9.411.364 Total 22,849.487 »U. S. Bituminous Coal Division. Research Section, Exhibit No. P 504. Sept. 1, 193Q. Table 13. — Com. Shipped by Rah. from Upper Lake Docks ro Inland Destinations. 1937" To state or market area Market area No. (See fig. 1) Tons 30 29 41 42 43 44 46 45 360 .m Illinois 58.973 421.385 1,381.208 1 fpper Michigan 132.181 2.303.420 1 . 602 . 790 107.992 710.332 15.647 All other 9.981 (). 744.652 22.849.487 16,104,835 all. S. Bituminous Coal Division, Exhibit No. P-669, Sept. 25, 1939. DISTRIBUTIOX OF COAL 19 Table 14. — All-rail Shipments and Transshipped Rail Shipments of Illinois and other Coal into Market Areas Comprising the Upper Mississippi Valley, 1937 a (In net tons) To state or market area (See fig. 1) Type of Coal Shipments From Illinois Total, all-rail Lake carsro Total, Rail and lake Illinois per cent Indiana Indiana, all other Chicago, 111 St. Louis, Mo Illinois, all other Wisconsin Wisconsin Michigan, Upper Minn. (St. Paul-Minneapolis) Minnesota (Northwest) Iowa Missouri, all other Dakotas Nebraska, (including Omaha 58) Other (Ark., La., Ohio, Kan., Okla., Texas) 30 29 40 42 43 44 46 45 472 171 7,492 4.367 8.289 1.100 247. 2, 391, 173. 1.747, 857, 124, 820 616 846 18 216 4 650 11 093 202 065 259 508 601 907 786 151.225 72,317 Total 25.662.111 .089.576 .468.723 .146.827 .858,205 .516.795 .170.159 643.440 72,999 760.340 248.045 ,451.269 ,379,168 503.306 2.056 4.364,718 58^973 421.385 1.381.208 132.181 2.303.420 1.602.790 107.992 10.332 7,091 8.468 22.510 4.858 11.575 2.591 2.024 205 3.063 1.850 4,559 3.379 1,213 ,632 h .723 .545 h .205 .768 .544 .648 .180 .760 .835 .261 .168 .638 6 6 2.0 33.2 88.2 71 42 12 1 12 9 38 25.4 10.2 2.204.395 14.400.164 15.647 2.220.042 9.981 14.410.145 6.8 78.913.411 11.110.683 90.023.094 28.5 a All-rail shipments of bituminous coal, exclusive of railroad fuel: U. S. Bituminous Coal Division, General Docket No. 15, Exhibit No. P-502, pt. II, 1939. b Includes some lake cargo coal used as railroad fuel. c Rail shipments inland from Upper Lake Docks: U. S. Bituminous Coal Division, General Docket No. 15, Exhibit No. P-669, 1939. Shipments of Special Types of Coal Two special purpose coals worthy of note are shipped into the Illinois coal market area in large amounts, namely, the by-product coals and the low- volatile coal used for other than by-product purposes. The former group fills a need that cannot be supplied by Illinois coal, hence is not competitive. The latter group is used extensively lor domestic heating and so competes with coal from Illinois in those market areas to which transportation costs are about equal. It is in this market that the Illinois coal industry must seek to enlarge its opportunities by better preparation of its product. By-product Coal 8 Coal for by-product uses is produced in a relatively restricted area mainly among the Appalachian coal districts. Sources of by-product coal in 1937, by districts, are shown in table 15. 8 By-product coal, as the term is here used, is defined by the Bituminous Coal Division as coal used for coke and retort ovens and for water-gas manufacture. 20 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY Table 15. — Shipments of By-Product Coal, by Producing Districts, 1937 a Producing district Location Tons shipped 1 2 3 7 Central Pennsylvania Western Pennsylvania Northern West Virginia Southeastern West Virginia . 1,572,470 6,335,803 1,694,473 12,666,154 8 10 Southeastern West Virginia and east- ern Kentucky Illinois 12,023,249 113,886 13 Alabama 358,199 Total 34,764,234 »A11-rail shipments of bitumonous coal: U. S. Bituminous Coal Division, General Docket No. 15, Exhibit No. 502. pt. 1, 1939. By-product coal from Districts 1, 2, and 3 is consumed mainly in the steel centers located in Pennsylvania, western New York, eastern Ohio, and Maryland. In addition to this principal disposition of by-product coal from Pennsylvania and northern West Virginia, smaller quantities are shipped over the lakes and to tidewater. Districts 7 and 8 are the principal producers of by-product coal and also the principal long-distance shippers. Nearly 7 million tons were shipped in the lake cargo trade, 6 million tons to tidewater ports, and 6J/£ million tons to market destinations in the Illinois coal market area. Somewhat more than 2 million tons is shipped by all-rail haul to consuming market areas in eastern states. All-rail shipments of by-product coal into the Illinois coal market area are shown in table 16. Principal consuming markets are Areas 30 (central Illinois) and 29 (the Chicago district). In addition to the all-rail by-product coal shipped to these market areas, an additional tonnage is received at lake ports. The exact quantity of this type of coal cannot be ascertained from the data available. It is known that 8,618,234 tons were shipped through Lake Erie ports to both American and Canadian destinations on Lakes Huron, Michigan, and Superior, but data on the tonnage to each port are not available. LOW-VOLATILE CoAL The Illinois coal market area imported in 1937 approximately 7 million tons of low-volatile coal by all-rail shipments, as well as an additional but undetermined quantity of lake cargo coal, exclusive of low-volatile coal used for by-product purposes. Practically all of this coal originated in producing district No. 7 (southeastern West Virginia) and in all probability entered mainly into the domestic fuel market. The quantities shipped by all-rail, the sources, and the market destinations are shown in table 17. DISTRIBUTION OF COAL 21 Table 16. — All-rail Shipments of By-product Coal into States and Market Areas in the Illinois Coal Market Area in 1937 a (In net tons) To state or market area b (See fig. 1) Source Total Name No. District 7 District 8 Indiana Indiana, all other 30 29 40 2,219,802 321,510 309,397 100,151 551,636 1,790,942 409,040 652,237 197,284 175,423 2,432 443 13,269 4,010,744 730,550 961 634 St. Louis, Mo 297,435 Illinois, all other 727,059 2 432 443 13 269 Total 3,502,496 3,241,070 6,743,566 aU. S. Bituminous Coal Division, Exhibits P-502, pts. I and II; P-144 and P-202, J 939. l >For detailed distribution by market areas, see Appendix, table l,p. 52. Table 17. — All-rail Shipments of Low-volatile Bituminous Coal, Other than By- product Coal, into the Illinois Coal Market Area in 1937 a - b (In net tons) To state or market area (See fig. 1) Name Indiana Indiana, all other Chicago, 111 St. Louis, Mo Illinois, all other Wisconsin Wisconsin Michigan, upper Minn." (St. Paul-Minneapolis) . . Minn. (Northwest) Iowa Missouri, all other Dakotas Nebraska (including Omaha 58) Total No. 30 29 40 42 43 44 46 45 Source Dist. No. 7 255,499 601,321 4,500,647 34,152 505,863 423 , 744 214,975 33,725 98,442 10,642 66,402 230 12,218 30 6,757,890 Dist. No. 8 16,655 23,676 138,054 1,428 16,304 10,423 5,553 572 7,039 392 8,857 230 230 229,413 Total 272,154 624,997 4,638,701 35,580 522,167 434,167 220,528 34,297 105,481 11,034 75.259 460 12,448 30 6,987,303 aU. S. Bituminous Coal Division, Exhibits Nos. P-502, P-613, 1939. b For detailed distribution of low-volatile bituminous coal, see Appendix, table 1 (lines 7L and 8L) p. 52. In addition to the quantity shipped by all-rail haul, about 5 million tons were shipped over the lakes to both American and Canadian destinations on Lakes Huron, Michigan, and Superior. Detailed distribution of this ton- nage by receiving ports cannot be ascertained. 22 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY Table 18. — Lake Cargo Shipments of Low-volatile Bituminous Coal for Other than By-product Purposes, 1937 a (In net tons) Port of loading District No. 7 No. 8 Toledo Sandusky 3,212,447 1,829,607 38,591 3,251,038 1,829,607 Total 5,042,054 38,591 5,080,645 aU. S. Bituminous Coal Division, Exhibit No. P-148, 1939. The principal competition of low-volatile coal is in the Chicago district, followed by competition in the Wisconsin marketing districts. A substantial quantity also is shipped into the Minneapolis-St. Paul district. Freight Rates Low-volatile coal is shipped into the Illinois coal market area at freight rates ranging from SI. 20 to $4.00 more than freight rates on coal from Illi- nois. This margin in freight rates represents the cost factor within which Illinois coal must improve its coal for domestic use in order to compete in this market. Table 2 (Appendix) shows freight rates from mines in the Pocahontas field, low-volatile coal district No. 7, and freight rates from representative Illinois mining districts to a selected destination in each of the market areas. Summary of Competitive Relationships in the Illinois Coal Market Area Tables 1 to 18 present a general summary of the quantity of coal con- sumed in the Illinois coal market area, the relative importance of general consuming market areas, the major source of coal, and the special types of fuels used. Within this highly competitive area outlined above, the Illinois coal industry finds its present outlet and its hope for a larger share of the market in the future. Whether this market can be enlarged depends upon a program of preparing Illinois coals to a higher degree of efficiency than has been done heretofore and by taking advantage of transportation facilities on the inland waterwavs that are now available. STRUCTURE OF COAL INDUSTRY 23 STRUCTURE OF THE ILLINOIS COAL INDUSTRY Introduction The market for Illinois coal is affected by location of mines, types of mining, methods of transportation, character of the product, and purposes for which the coal is used. Before entering into a detailed analysis of the Illinois coal market and its problem, a brief survey will be made of the struc- ture of the Illinois coal industry. Production 9 The coal producing districts of Illinois, grouped according to "freight rate group districts" as defined by the Bituminous Coal Producers Board for District Xo. 10, are eight in number, designated as follows-. 1. Northern Illinois-Atkinson 5. Centralia 2. Fulton-Peoria 6. Duquoin 3. Springfield 7. Southern Illinois 4. Belleville 8. Danville In general, mines within each of these freight rate groups bear identical freight rates to common consuming market areas. This grouping is therefore useful in the analysis of market outlets for coal from each of these districts. Figure 2 shows the location and outline of the freight rate districts. Type.s of Mixes Types of mines have an important bearing on marketing practices and transportation methods in the Illinois coal industry. The three types of mines that are of especial significance are the large shaft mines and the strip mines (these two comprising the so-called shipping mines), and the local mines. The local mines dispose of their product by truck transportation only and have a more limited market radius than the shipping mines. Production from each of these types of mines in 1937 is shown in table 19. Table 19. — Production of Illinois Coal, by Types of Mines, 1937 a Tvpe Number , ," P u Per cent • ^ I tons) Shipping mines: Shaft mines Strip mines 373 36.336.206 70 3 99 11.725.870 21.3 Local mines 548 4.370.179 8 4 Total ! 1.020 52.432.255 Illinois Dept. Mines and Minerals, Coal Report 1937, p. 38, 1938. 9 Data for 1937 are used in order that distribution date may be comparable throughout this report. 24 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY Fig. 2. — Freight Rate Districts in Illinois, as Designated by the U. S. Bituminous Coal Division. STRUCTURE OF COAL INDUSTRY 25 The contribution of strip mines is increasing each year and will probably continue to do so for a number of years in the future, although these mines are not likely to exceed 30 per cent of the total output when their maximum development is reached. Costs of production from strip mines is somewhat lower than the average for shaft mines. Output of local mines is increasing annually and is particularly important in the Belleville district, the Fulton-Peoria district, and the Danville dis- trict. Since the development of this group of mines is dependent upon truck transportation, factors that affect the regulation of this type of transportation are of interest to the operators of these mines. Distribution of Illinois Coal Illinois coal is shipped to consuming markets by all-rail haul, by truck, and by river transportation. The all-rail haul of Illinois coal, exclusive of coal used as railway fuel, is shown in table 21. The total recorded for 1937 is 25,662,111 tons. The total recorded quantity of coal shipped by truck in 1937 was 6,430,262 tons from ten sections in the State outlined by the U. S. Bituminous Coal Division and shown in figure 3. The quantities shipped from each sec- tion, from mines with and without rail connections, are shown in table 20. Table 20. — Coal Shipped by Truck from Illinois Mines in 1937 a (In net tons) Section From mines with railroad connections From mines without railroad connections Total 1 2 3 161,284 337.914 42,129 254,221 107.352 555,797 95,541 1.416,416 379.810 105,828 235,865 47,341 277,640 580,861 74.787 519,527 181.187 563,756 182,645 311.161 397,149 385.255 319,769 4 5 6 7 8 835.082 182,139 1.075.324 276,628 1.980.172 9 10 580,455 416,989 Total 3,456,292 2,974,770 6,431,062 1939. aU. S. Bituminous Coal Division, General Docket No. 15, Exhibit P-508, The data presented in table 20, although showing origin only, disclose certain significant characteristics of the coal trucking industry. Mines with rail facilities avail themselves of this means of transportation. Their con- tribution is, in fact, more than half of the total shipped by truck. Truck transportation has developed most extensively in the St. Louis market, with the Peoria market area ranking second. Truck transportation into the Chicago district is insignificant. 26 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY Fig. 3. — Truck-Shipment Sections in Illinois, as Designated by the U. S. Bituminous Coal Division. STRUCTURE OF COAL INDUSTRY 27 River Transportation of Illinois Coal The transportation of Illinois coal by barge on the Illinois and Upper Mississippi waterway is of recent origin but is developing rather rapidly. Both of these waterways are canalized to provide a navigation channel nine feet deep. The waterways are provided with locks 600 feet long and 110 feet wide. Relationship of the Waterways to Coal Producing Districts and to Coal Markets Coal from Illinois coal-producing districts can be delivered to river ports at freight rates ranging from 60 cents to $1.10 a ton from principal mines in southern Illinois. Higher freight rates are in effect for the Danville dis- trict and for some of the northern Illinois fields to river ports but it is un- likely that these districts will participate in markets for river-borne coal. In figure 4 are shown rates from representative coal producing districts to important coal loading ports on the Illinois and Mississippi rivers. Rates on the river have not been established for all points from ports of origin to destination, and in most cases carrying charges are a matter of contract between shipper and carrier. Certain rates or carrying costs are available, however, as an indicator of river transportation costs. On Missis- sippi River, the Federal Barge Lines have established rates of $1.70 on lump coal and $1.40 on screenings from Alton and East St. Louis to St. Paul, and a rate of $1.85 and $1.55 respectively to Minneapolis. On Illinois River coal is carried from mines to Chicago at an overall delivered rate 65 cents below the all-rail rate from the same mine-origin groups to the Chicago market. The River Markets The markets for river-borne coal on each of these two waterways have distinct characteristics which require brief discussion in order to clarify their relationships to the Illinois coal producing districts. The principal destination of coal carried on Illinois River is the city of Chicago, and the largest single group of consumers is the electric utilities. Coal for this group of consumers originates in the mines at Springfield and Taylorville and is shipped to the river port of Havana for transfer to river barges. In addition to the coal carried by river to public utility consumers, ship- ments are also being made from mines in Fulton County to loading docks near Liverpool for shipment to the Marquette cement plant at LaSalle and to a coal distributor in Chicago. Transportation rates on the Illinois waterway as compared with all-rail rates are reported by the Illinois River Carriers Association as follows: 10 10 In the matter of establishment of minimum prices and marketing rules and regulations: U. S. Bitu- minous Coal Division, General Docket No. 15, In re: Hearing in the matter of the establishment of minimum prices for the coals produced in district No. 10. Protest of the Illinois River Carriers Association, Exhibit No. P-2, July 22, 1939. 28 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY Fig. 4. — Rail Freight Rates from Illinois Coal Districts to River Ports, in Cents Per Ton STRUCTURE OF COAL INDUSTRY 29 From Central Illinois and Fulton County to Chicago, per ton Central Illinois: Fulton County: All-rail rate $1 .75 All-rail rate $1.65 Rail-and-river rate 1 .35 Rail-and-river rate 1 . 15 Shipments on the Illinois waterway since 1936 have been as follows: 11 1936 l,996tons 1938 956,120 tons 1937 490,862 tons 1939 1 ,700,000 tons Mississippi River Transportation Transportation of coal from Illinois coal districts to markets on the Upper Mississippi waterway has an effect beyond the substitution of water for rail transportation. It opens up possibilities of a displacement of part of the lake-borne-coal market in St. Paul and Minneapolis by coal from Illinois. The small portion of the coal market in market area 46 (which includes St. Paul and Minneapolis) now shared by Illinois producers is shown by dis- tribution data in 1937 (Appendix table 1). In that year the reported ship- ments to this district, exclusive of railway fuel, were as follows: All-rail Tons From Illinois 391,259 From other sources 369,081 From all all-rail sources 760,340 From lake docks 2,303,420 Total 3,063,760 In addition to this a total of 87,554 tons of coal was carried on the Mississippi waterway above St. Louis, some of which may have reached market area 46. Transportation charges from Southern Illinois to market area 46 are reported as follows : vl From Southern Illinois mines: Per ton Steam sizes: All-rail rate $3.32 Rail-and-river rate (via Alton or East St. Louis) . 2 .50 Domestic sizes: All-rail rate 3 . 60 Rail-and-river rate (via Alton or East St. Louis). 2.70 From Kanawha River: Combination of rail-lake-river rate 5.55 All-water rate 3 50 "Letter from U. S. Corps of Engineers, Chicago, 111., by Major S. N. Kerrick, dated Nov. 27, 1930. 12 In the matter of establishing minimum prices and marketing rules and regulations: U. S. Bituminous Coal Division, General Docket No. 15. In re: Hearing in the matter of the establishment of minimum prices for the coal produced in districts Nos. 8 and 10. Protest of the Central Barge Company, p. 2, July 22, 1939. 30 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY Coal movements on the Upper Mississippi waterway since 1937 have been as follows: 13 Year Tonnage 1937 89,554 1938 199,737 1939 409,624 Sizes of Coal Shipped from Illinois Mines in 1937 In the report of bituminous coal distribution for 1937, the National Bituminous Coal Commission obtained detailed statistical data on shipments of coal, by sizes. Mines in the State of Illinois (producing district No. 10) ship 27 sizes. Seven sizes, with shipments exceeding one million tons, account for 80 per cent of all rail shipments. The distribution of sizes in the more im- portant Illinois coal markets is shown in table 21. Table 21. — All-rail Shipments of Illinois Coal, by Sizes and by Principal Markets, 1937 a (In net tons) To all markets To To Central Northern Southern Sizes 1 ' Chicago Sr. Louis Illinois Illinois Wisconsin (Dist. 29) (Dist. 40) (Dist. 38) (Dist. 41) (Dist. 42) 1 2,556,747 295,217 669,302 613,791 324,817 7,858 2 427,494 9,454 178.842 31,198 77.508 8,937 3 2,697,247 606,112 496,090 204,766 380,675 125,097 4 377.011 177,151 45,880 93,095 20,585 7,655 5 1,640,363 398,593 293.451 202,657 216,226 106,504 6 1,373,532 871,953 49,332 248,177 51,947 2,193 7 536,514 42 , 205 218,644 20,606 106,137 417 8 748,752 73.410 77.793 103,241 90,665 26,861 9 28,795 9,855 3.787 754 4,547 3,034 10 251,341 1 1 1 , 295 13,309 9,332 46,269 29,598 11 230,585 96,935 15,680 23,499 45,645 9,445 12 53,556 13,571 22,345 2,126 8,356 1,310 13 2,011,479 863,891 478,487 307,865 85,875 12,230 14 6,607,892 2,268,109 683,623 1.517,018 819,143 304,895 15 773,440 90.585 140,917 39,586 85,995 165,473 16 231,375 61.625 17,459 151 96,407 1 , 783 18 145,608 55,689 1 1 , 644 9,937 15,209 7,237 19 85,506 28,389 1,589 8,026 20,981 18,806 20 59,936 28,607 5 , 733 6,380 6,739 1,120 21 98,961 7,900 15.745 12,647 19,845 3,904 22 84,305 21,306 11,807 7,726 8,768 3 , 293 23 3.583,640 1,023.904 769,993 223,343 760,547 160,095 24 202,845 63,516 63,028 5,688 31,351 14,995 25 53,404 13,078 493 925 2,294 20,367 26 785,929 259,844 46,151 36,030 218,165 48,322 27 56,559 292 10,676 2,494 25,712 8,664 34 26,727 25,416 134 Total . . 25,729,543 7,492,486 4,367,216 3,731,058 3,570,542 1,100,093 a All-rail shipments of bituminous coal: U. S. Bituminous Coal Division, General Docket No. 15, Ex- hibit P-502, pt. II, 1939. b For description of size groups, see Appendix, table 3, p. 56. i»War Department, U. S. Corps of Engineers, Rock Island, Illinois, Letter of Nov. 29, 1939, by A. G Matthews, Captain, Corps of Engineers. PETROLEUM 31 PETROLEUM From a minor position in 1936, Illinois rose to fourth place among the states in the production of oil in 1939. The record of growth in the past 5 years is shown in table 22. Table 22. — Production of Oil in the United States and in Illinois, 1935-1939 « (Thousands of barrels) Production Illinois Year United States Illinois oil Per cent 1935 1936 1937 996.596 1,099.687 1,299,160 1.214.355 1,264,256 4.322 4,475 7,499 24.075 94,302 0.44 0.41 0.59 1938 1939 1.98 7.47 a U. S. Bur. Mines, Monthly Petroleum Statements. The revival of an oil industry in southern Illinois has made available an added annual supply of 20 million barrels in 1938 and 90 million barrels in 1939 more than the amount contributed by Illinois fields in 1936. This added new supply near the refineries of the Central Refining district has naturally affected oil producing districts in Oklahoma and Kansas, which formerly supplied most of the oil processed by refineries in this district, principally those located in the Chicago and East St. Louis districts. Due to the rapid expansion of oil output in the Illinois basin and consequently inadequate pipeline facilities, transportation problems also arose. Oil was sold below posted prices, mainly by producers dependent upon tank car or tank truck transportation for their oil output. These adverse conditions are gradually being overcome so that prices for oil are becoming less subject to distress marketing conditions. Apart from the local congestion of oil supply resulting from too rapid development, the market for Illinois oil is affected by the relation of oil supply and demand for the entire country. Supply and Demand The annual supply of liquid fuels is obtained from domestic crude oil production, imports, gasoline recovered from natural gas, polymerized gaso- line and benzol from coke-oven plants. The major source of supply is from domestic crude oil production. The principal demand for oil products is for motor fuel, followed by heating oils, industrial fuel oil, railroad fuel, and bunker fuel. 32 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY The relation between supply and demand of oils each year is shown in the increase or decrease in stocks of crude oil and principal refined products. The new supply of oil from all sources in 1938 and 1939 is shown in table 23. Table 23. — New Supply of Oils from all Sources in the United States in 1938 and 1939 a (Thousands of barrels) 1938 1939 Domestic production: Crude petroleum 1,214,355 51,347 1,764 26,412 27,896 1.264,256 Natural gasoline 49.896 Benzol 2,440 Imports: Crude petroleum Refined products 33.095 25,804 Gross total, new supply Less exports of: Crude petroleum Refined products 1,321.774 77,254 166,633 1,375.491 72,073 116,909 Net new domestic supply 1.077,887 1,186,509 a U. S. Bur. Mines, Monthly Petroleum Statements. The demand for crude oil is measured by runs-to-stills, exports, crude used directly as fuel, and losses. These are shown for 1938 and 1939 in table 24. Table 24. — Crude Oil Demand in 1938 and 1939 a (Thousands of barrels) 1938 1939 Runs-to-stills 1,165,015 77,254 27,411 1,237,840 Exports Fuel and losses 72,053 25,225 ion plus over cruc import of e supply . . . Domestic product crude 1.269,680 1,240,767 1,335.118 1,297,351 Excess of demand 28,913 37,767 &U. S. Bur. Mines, Monthly Petroleum Statements. Demand for crude oil in both 1938 and 1939 as measured by runs-to- stills, exports, refinery fuel, and losses, slightly exceeded domestic production plus imports so that stocks of crude oil declined in both of these years. Stocks of Oil The market for crude oil and refined products is sensitive to changes in quantity of stocks on hand. Whenever there is a long continued accumula- tion of stocks of crude or refined products, prices tend to drop. PETROLEUM 33 Accumulation of stocks may occur, either by production in excess of market demands, in which case there is likely to be an increase in all stocks of both crude and refined products; or there may also be, as more frequently occurs, an undue accumulation of stocks of one group of oils, while stocks of other groups remain at normal levels or may even be declining. The types of stock changes that may occur are: 1) General increase or decrease in all stocks 2) Increase or decrease of stocks of one group of oils 3) Seasonal accumulation or deficiency in stocks 4) Regional accumulation or deficiency in stocks Stocks of Crude Petroleum Stocks of crude petroleum are located at refineries, in pipelines, on tank farms, and on leases. The distribution of these stocks on Dec. 31, 1938 and Dec. 31, 1939 is shown in table 25. Table 25. — Stocks of Crude Oil in the United States and in Illinois, 1937, 1938 and 1939 a (Thousands of barrels) Dec. 31, 1937 Dec. 31, 1938 Dec. 31, 1939 Location United States Illinois United States Illinois United States Illinois At refineries At tank farms and in pipelines On leases 51,054 244,545 10,498 1,409 9,349 155 51,551 211,931 10,871 1,443 10,059 250 49,215 178,546 11,149 1,603 11,030 350 Total 306,084 10,913 274,353 11.752 238,910 12,983 'U. S. Bur. Mines, Monthly Petroleum Statements. Crude oil stocks during the two years 1938 and 1939 decreased from 306,084,000 barrels on December 31, 1937 to 238,910,000 barrels on Decem- ber 1, 1939, a decline of 67,174,000 barrels. This substantial decrease was brought about mainly by the shut-down of oil-production in the Mid Conti- nent fields in the latter part of August, 1939. This decrease in stocks did not however, affect Illinois. On the contrary, stocks increased from 10,913,000 barrels on December 31, 1937 to 12,983,000 barrels on December 31, 1939. Stocks held by refineries in the United States generally declined also but stocks in refineries of the Central Refining district showed an increase over this period. In percentage, the stocks held in the Central Refining district rose from 8.3 on December 31, 1937 to 10.9 on December 31, 1939. The change in stocks during 1938 and 1939 is shown in table 26. 34 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY Table 26. — Stocks of Crude Petroleum at Refineries in the United States and in the Central Refining District and in Illinois, 1938 and 1939 a (In thousands of barrels) Stocks of Total Crude at Stocks of Crude in Illinois crude Refineries stocks in United States United States Central Refining District At refineries Tank farms and pipe-lines On leases Total 1938 Jan 306,195 52,909 4,386 1,519 9,646 175 11,340 Feb 306,349 53,415 4,091 1,302 9,884 170 11,356 Mar 309.403 53,460 3,969 1,261 9,597 140 10,998 Apr 307,297 54,351 4,023 1.199 9,988 170 11,357 Mav 298,983 53,242 4,114 1,242 10,079 180 11,501 June 292,634 52.928 4,381 1.447 9,894 170 11,511 July 288,664 51.574 4,112 1,225 10,315 185 11,725 Aug 285.640 51,721 4,313 1,306 10,112 190 11,608 Sept 282,756 50,892 4,098 1,282 10,159 190 11,631 Oct 277,422 50,423 4,160 1,280 10,098 220 11,598 Nov 273,155 50,129 4.343 1,228 9,813 270 11,311 Dec 273,560 51,551 4.636 1,443 10,059 250 11,752 1939 Jan 272,346 52,384 4.914 1.631 10,229 270 12,130 Feb 273.416 52,813 4.782 1,578 10,210 280 12,068 Mar 276.355 52,766 4.626 1,281 10,347 290 11,918 Apr 278,565 51,675 4,711 1.376 10.514 305 12,195 May 278.087 51.699 4.654 1.292 11.113 315 12,720 June 273.314 51,856 4.902 1.389 11,619 295 13,303 July 270,570 52.410 4,873 1,280 12.022 310 13,612 Aug 238,479 48.082 5.115 1,234 12.467 325 14,026 Sept 234,555 45.876 4,987 1,300 12,266 315 13,881 Oct 230,854 46,673 4,832 1.496 11.988 340 13,824 Nov 234,027 49.161 4,738 1.527 11,261 335 13,123 Dec 238.910 49.215 5,363 1,603 11,030 350 12,983 'U. S. Bur. Mines, Monthly Petroleum Statements, 1938, 1939. Stocks of Refined Products The changes in stocks of principal refined products in the Central Re- fining district — gasoline, gas oil and distillate fuel, and residual fuel oil — are shown in table 27. The significant change is the decrease in residual fuel oil stocks in 1939 as compared with the previous year. Increased industrial activity in 1939 over the level of 1938 resulted in a heavy demand for this type of fuel and reduced stocks to more workable levels. Stocks of gas oil and distillate fuel in 1939 were somewhat below stocks of the previous year but were ample for the season's heating requirements. Stocks of gasoline, both in the Central Refining district and in all districts in the United States, increased sharply in November and December. The problem of seasonal surpluses in stocks of refined products is tending to become more acute each year, largely as a result of the substantial gains each PETROLEUM 35 year in the demand for heating oils. The highly seasonal nature of the de- mand for heating oils with the heaviest loads occurring in January and February, when gasoline demand is normally the lowest, results in an ac- cumulation of gasoline stocks. As long as the consumption of heating oil represented a minor portion of refined products, the problem of seasonal accumulation of stocks was not serious. But since heating oils represent nearly 30 per cent of all residual oil consumption, and are exceeded in use only by gasoline, the problem of seasonal accumulation has become acute. The solution probably will be found in more flexibility of refinery operations with a regulation of refinery product output to correspond somewhat to seasonality of demand. Table 27. — Stocks of Refined Products, 1938-1939 : (Thousands of barrels I Central Refining District United States ^ •• Gas oil and Residual Gasoline Gasoline distillate ruei ruei on 1937 Dec 12.894 2.538 4.309 76.990 1938 Jan 14.996 2.260 4.561 85.873 Feb 16.338 2.051 4.832 92.280 Mar 15.972 1.992 5.127 92.320 Apr. 15.477 2.237 5.359 90.059 May 15.047 2.445 5.882 88.147 June 13.702 13.309 2.813 6.009 3.193 6.102 80.531 July 76.732 Aug 11.500 3.624 5.834 70.962 Sept 11.194 3.676 5.771 69.086 Oct 11.374 4.061 5.511 69.277 Nov. 11.409 4.052 4.799 69.535 Dec 12.119 3.427 4.025 71.680 1939 Jan 13.926 2.969 3.690 79.466 Feb 15.490 2.473 3.245 85.491 Mar 15.780 1.926 2.728 87.121 Apr 15.466 2.053 2.779 87.531 May 14.001 13.453 2.185 2.849 2.724 2.863 84.200 June 80.288 Julv 13.248 11.921 3.232 2.926 3.867 2.890 77.843 Aug 72.335 Sept 11.778 3.917 2.843 70.992 Oct. 11.986 12.412 3.922 2.917 3.911 3.043 73.319 Nov 76.790 Dec 13.621 3.681 2.964 82 . 865 aU. S. Bur. Mines, Monthly Petroleum Statements. 36 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY Consumption of Oil Although Illinois crude oil is shipped as far east as the Atlantic seaboard and north into Canada, the principal outlet for output from this State is among the refineries of the Central Refining district. 14 This district includes refineries in Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, and western Ohio, and refines approximately 18 per cent of the crude oil processed in the United States. Crude oil refined in this district is obtained from Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, and New Mexico in the Mid Continent field and from Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, and possibly Ohio in the Eastern Interior fields. The bulk of the oil has been obtained from Mid Continent fields which supplied annually more than 80 per cent of the crude runs-to-stills in this district. The rise of production in Illinois since 1936 has effected a reduction in runs-to-stills from the Mid Continent fields from 85.6 per cent of the total runs in 1936 to 75.5 per cent in 1938 and a further reduction no doubt oc- curred in 1939. The statistical record of shipments of crude oil from Mid Continent fields to Central Refining district, production in local fields, and surplus of receipts and production over runs-to-stills is shown in table 28. Table 28. — Crude Oil Runs-to-Stills to the Central Refining District, 1936-1938 a (Thousands of barrels) From 1936 1937 1938 Texas 11.662 86.000 266 22,151 6.352 12,474 85 , 795 255 26,727 10.260 7,764 Oklahoma 80,688 217 Louisiana Kansas 24,189 New Mexico 10,288 Total Mid Continent 126,431 21.333 135,511 28,732 123,146 Crude from other sources 39,994 Total runs-to-stills Per cent contributed by Mid Continent 147,764 85.6 164.243 82.5 163,140 75.5 Illinois. . . Indiana. . Kentucky Michigan. Crude Oil Produced in Central Refining District (Thousands ot barrels) 4.445 798 5,628 11.828 Total produced Used by Central Refining district Surplus shipped into other districts or put in storage. 22.699 21.333 1.366 7.499 844 5,484 16,628 30,455 28,732 1,723 23,929 969 5.821 19.211 49.930 39,994 9.936 aTJ. S. Bur. Mines, Minerals Year Book, 1938, p. 847 and 1939, p. 962. An examination of table 28 shows that the shipments of crude oil from the Mid Continent to the Central Refining district dropped from 85.6 to "Designated by the Bureau of Mines, as "Illinois-Indiana-Kentucky, etc. District." PETROLEUM 37 75.5 per cent in two years as more crude oil became available in Illinois. Deducting the quantity shipped from the Mid Continent to Central district refineries from total runs-to-stills leaves a difference of 21 million barrels in 1936 increasing to 40 million barrels in 1938, obtained from oil producing districts in the Central Refining district. The amount absorbed by the Cen- tral refineries did not, however, keep pace with increased production so that the amount of surplus oil available for shipment to other refining districts or to storage increased from 1,366,000 barrels in 1936 to 9,936,000 barrels in 1938. The detailed data on sources of oil for the year 1939 are not yet avail- able, but production data from important Mid Continent states in 1939 compared with the previous year indicate a further decline of shipments from Oklahoma and a further increase in the amount supplied by Illinois. Com- parative production figures for the years 1938 and 1939 are shown in table 29. Table 29. — Petroleum Production in Illinois and Principal Competing States, 1938 and 1939 (Thousands of barrels) State 1938 1939 Increase or decrease Oklahoma 174,994 60,064 24,075 160,072 60,723 94,302 -14,922 Kansas Illinois + 659 + 70,227 Table 30 gives the total quantity of oil received from all sources by re- fineries in the State of Illinois, the portion of this total received from other states, and the amount contributed by oil fields in Illinois. In table 31 are shown for the year 1938 quantities of gasoline produced in refineries in those states comprising the Central Refining district and the amount consumed in those states in which refineries of this district have their principal outlet. Table 32 gives details of the consumption of fuel oil, by uses, in Illinois. Table 30/ — Crude Petroleum Consumed by Refineries in Illinois, 1935-1938' (Thousands of barrels) Year Receipts from Runs-to-stills Illinois Other States Total Total Daily average 1935 1936 1937 1938 3,536 4,213 5,117 8,027 31,826 36,029 40,470 39,038 35,362 40,242 45.587 47,065 34,469 39,803 45,626 46,996 98 109 125 130 'U. S. Bur. Mines, Minerals Yearbooks 1936, 1937, 1938, and 1939. 38 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY Table 31. — Production and Consumption of Gaso- line in States Supplied Mainly by Refineries in the Central Refining District, 1938 a (Thousands of barrels) State Production Consumption Illinois 28,309 6.822 40.737 31.782 Michigan Indiana 25.094 15.046 Wisconsin 12.916 Minnesota . 12.612 Fowa 12,574 Missouri and Kansas 14,373 North Dakota 3,031 South Dakota 3.080 Total 75,868 130,508 aU. S. Bur. Mines, Minerals Yearbook 1Q39, p. 984. Table 32. — Consumption of Fuel Oil in Illinois in 1938, by Grades and Uses* (Thousands ot barrels) Uses (ias oil and distillate fuel Diesel fuel Residual fuel oil Total Industrial uses: Railroads 109 107 36 55 121 1 29 259 2M 111 2.454 10 1.661 4.143 103 475 Vessels 268 Gas and electric power plants Smelters, mines and manufacturing indus- tries U. S. Navy and Coast Guard Oil Company use 40 361 3 74 9.440 107 206 2.936 14 1 . 764 13.583 Miscellaneous 109 319 State totals 10,134 458 8,973 19,565 »U. S. Bur. Mines. Mineral Market Reports No. M.M.S. 803, Feb. 15, 1940. Developments in Illinois in 1939 Refineries As a result of the discovery and development of new oil producing fields in Illinois, new refineries with an estimated crude oil capacity of 20,100 barrels have been erected or were in process of construction in 1939. The list of refineries is as follows: Company Northern Refining Co St. Elmo. Pana Refining Co Pana Cascade Refining Co Salem. . Red River Refining Co Burnham Location Daily crude oil capacity in barrels 750 3,000 2,500 1,200 NATURAL GAS 39 Company Location Daily crude oil capacity in barrels Wabash Refining Co Sandoval. . . Fairfield Refining Co Merriam. . . . Taxman Refining Co Milan B. F. Wireback Colmar A. Goodson Sandoval . . . Lake Refining Co Salem Central Illinois Oil and Refining Co Central Citv H. S. and B. Refining Co Mill Shoals'. Transport Oil and Refining Co Dupo 750 500 ,500 200 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,200 Total 1,500 20,100 New trunk pipelines constructed in Illinois during 1939 include the following: Company From To Length in miles within Illinois Illana (gasoline) Socony-Vacuum (crude) Texas Empire (crude) Sohio Pipe Line (crude) Dupo Mitchell Salem Salem East Chicago, Ind. . . Lima, Ohio Heyworth Stoy 255 117 223 71 Loops were added to several existing lines in order to increase their capacity. NATURAL GAS Natural gas consumption in the State of Illinois for the years 1936 to 1939 is presented in table 33. Gas consumption is stated in therms, a therm being equal to 100,000 B. t. u. One ton of coal with an average heat value of 12,500 B. t. u. per pound is therefore equal to 250 therms of natural gas. The coal equivalent value of natural gas sold in 1939 is therefore 838,650,000/250 or 3,354,600 tons of coal. Table 33. — Natural Gas Sales in Illinois, 1936-1939 a (Thousands of therms) 1936 1937 1938 1939 Total gas sales Interdepartmental sales Sales to other gas utilities Total sales to ultimate consumers. Residential Space heating Other uses Commercial Industrial Non-interruptible Interruptible Street lighting Other 786,373 833,600 69,183 717,190 255,391 85,348 170,043 68,811 58,872 332,259 858 63,269 770,331 255,657 84,529 171,128 74,489 58,845 380,452 758,763 143 58,844 699,776 251,614 79,098 170,550 70,949 52,996 323,439 499 278 838,650 160 63,341 775,149 259,451 88,901 172,516 67,112 64,398 383,406 438 344 a Illinois Gas Utilities, a comparative study of 1932 sales: Illinois Commerce Commission, Rates and Research Section, Research Bulletin 31, April 4, 1940. This comprises a detailed analysis of gas consumption and sales for 1939. 40 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY Img. 5.- — Value of Building Permits in Illinois Cities, by Months, 1939. (Building Construction: l'. S. Bur. of Labor Statistics.) Fig. 6. — Value of Building Permits in Decatur, Peoria, and Springfield, 1919-1939. Commercial and Financial Chronicle, Jan. 19, 1940. BUILDIXG CONSTRUCTION 41 An examination of this table shows that the largest single outlet for natural gas, about 45 per cent, is for industrial interruptible service. This class of service is supplied at a low cost under conditions which permit the gas industry to begin or discontinue service or change the conditions of service on short notice. This type of service at low prices is advantageous to the gas industry in disposing of surplus gas when the domestic demand is low and can be used to advantage by consumers with alternative fuel sources that can be utilized upon short notice. Under residential sales, approximately two-thirds of the gas purchased by consumers is used for lighting, cooking, water heating, refrigeration, and other domestic uses exclusive ol space-heating. The amount used for space heating in 1939, or 88,901,000 therms, is equivalent to about 356,000 tons of coal. BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Building permits in 23 Illinois cities in 1938 and 1939 total 73 million and 79 million dollars respectively, distributed as follows : 1938 1939 Non-residential construction S29.231.50O 29.481.468 Residential construction 30.037.838 37.802.948 Repairs 14.094.493 11.931.384 Total S73.363.831 S79. 215.800 Increase in building activity in 1939 over that in 1938 occurred only in residential construction. The cities of Chicago and Peoria showed substan- tial increases over 1938. The record of building permits for 23 principal cities in Illinois in 1939 is given in table 34, and shown in figure 5. Trend of Building Activity and Related Industries Building activity in the State, as indicated by the value of building permits, has fluctuated widely in the past two decades and has affected the outlook for mineral raw materials and mineral products used in the building industry. Peak production in building activity and in the output of structural mineral commodities was reached in the period 1920-1930, as shown by building permits issued in three representative cities (fig. 6). This period of unusual activity was the culmination of a combination of factors, principal among which were the increased activity following the stagnation in residential and industrial building during the World War, the high degree of industrial activity during this period, and the generally optimistic outlook regarding the future. Except for such materials as paving gravel and road metal and con- crete, the output of building materials has fallen from the level of the late twenties. The outlook for these industries is, therefore, somewhat problemati- cal and any improvement in the structural material industries is conditioned 42 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY Table 34. — Value of Building Permits Issued in Illinois Cities in 1938 and 1939 a City Alton Aurora Belleville Berwyn Bloomington Chicago Cicero Danville Decatur East St. Louis Elgin Evanston Granite City Joliet May wood Moline Oak Park Peoria Quincy Rockford Rock Island Springfield Wauketian 10,000-25,000 (25) 5,000-10,000 (29). 2,500-5,000 (28) . . 1,000-2,500 (57). Total Total 1938 369.733 669.805 557.830 146,091 345,160 ,350.354 554.992 357,291 576.691 402,884 676.686 703,050 75,984 573,618 135.766 ,233.747 715.475 ,161,019 214.574 ,177.930 914.655 ,688,994 785,279 1939 Residential 5 180.893 317,539 270.750 728.150 182.281 24,616.956 173.900 38,050 500 1 690 155.500 272.969 1.293.100 59.300 201.800 104.680 826.772 471.350 4.987,380 131,825 679.600 538.703 830.186 240.200 7.346.729 6,616,721 3,383.402 3.471,678 Non- residential $58,621,104 ; 169.042 53,182 932,564 93.568 542.085 20.376.521 229.850 218.821 242.797 516.059 34.981 874.500 24.060 54.422 35.470 257,975 137,795 1.864.714 43.050 1,783,885 722,534 226.378 47.215 4.278.867 1,950.060 613,640 636,630 $36,960,665 Repairs 145,768 244,780 58,866 76,597 133.770 7,118,830 220,608 158,511 173.203 187,738 245.417 485,580 6,250 300,973 70,445 346,018 174,365 443,802 35,587 325.670 367,127 306,653 214.656 1,849.316 1.012.846 643.553 289.891 $15,636,820 Total $ 495,703 615,501 1,262,180 898,315 858,136 52,112,307 624.358 415,382 916,690 859,297 553,367 2,653,180 89,610 557,195 210,595 1,430,765 783,510 7,295.896 210,462 2,789,155 1,628,364 1,363.215 502,071 13,474,912 9,579,627 4,640,595 4,398,199 $111,218,589 »U. S. Dcpt. of Labor, Monthly Bulletins on Building Construction, 1938 and 1939. Table 35. — Value of Building Permits Issued in Illinois in 1939, by Types and by Months 8 Month Residential Non- residential Repairs Total January . . $ 1,707,312 2.873.697 3.946.383 3,538.707 4.864,955 4.513.074 4.170,996 10,911.388 5.299.708 5,633,954 7,886.386 3.274.918 $ 2,473,207 2.234.276 3,286.647 1.833.018 2.705,710 2,704,255 4.013,492 3,986,102 6,990,617 1.881,228 3,199.505 1,652,508 $ 720,332 847,085 1,230,154 1,027,481 1,806,511 1,291,413 1,516,782 2,286,417 1,393,760 1.447,235 1,165,253 994,667 $ 4,900,851 February March April May June July 5,955.058 8,463.184 6,399,206 9,377,176 8,508,742 9,701,270 August 17.183,907 September October November 13,684,085 8,962,417 12.251.144 December 5,922,093 Total $58,621,478 $36,960,565 $15,727,090 $111,309,133 U. S. Dept. Of Labor, Monthly Bulletins on Building Construction, 1938 and 1939. Bl'ILDIXG COXSTRUCTIOX 43 upon favorable trends in building construction and in road making. Although construction of residences, office buildings, and industrial plants has lagged for several years and there is an apparent shortage of housing, a forecast of possible trends in building activity is difficult because of the complex factors that tend either to retard or to discourage building activity. <4U 35 30 en / < 25 t / \ / _i \ / _i \ / O \ / Q \ / o du \/ V 0) z o 1 '5 5 10 ■ — — \ -- 5 o - — ^ 1920 '22 '24 '26 '28 '30 '32 '34 '36 '38 Fig. 7. — Value of Clay Production Other than Pottery and Refractories in Illinois, 1920-1938 (U. S. Bur. Min. Minerals Yearbooks. ) Figures 7, 8, and 9 reveal the trend of activity in building as shown by the consumption of raw construction materials from 1920 to 1938. The out- standing characteristic in the output of building materials is the substantial shift in 1937 and 1938 to noncommercial operation for supplies of aggregates. In 1938 the output of plants operated by states, counties, municipalities, and other government agencies comprised 42 per cent of the output of sand and gravel and 36 per cent of the output of limestone and road metal. 44 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY Fig. 8. — Building Sand, Building Gravel and Portland Cement Used in Illinois, 1920-1938. U. S. Bur. Min. Minerals Yearbook. CO Z 2 3 r>- -LIMES (CONC ROAD TONE RETE A METAL ND / ) / / / / / / / \» J PAVING GRAVf / 1 / V V / /' V \ .--- "-/- / PAV ING SA ND~ \ s ^ 1920 '22 '24 26 28 30 32 •34 36 38 Fig. 9. — Paving Sand, Paving Gravel, and Limestone Used for Concrete and Road Metal in Illinois, 1920-1938. U. S. Bur. Min. Minerals Yearbook. BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 45 Clay Products The value of clay products in 1939 amounted to $11,930,290 as com- pared with $9,450,784 in 1938 and $11,753,146 in 1937. The value of clay products manufactured in Illinois in the period 1935 to 1939 is shown in table 36. Table 36. — Value of Clay Products, 1935-1939 Class 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 Structural and refrac- tory clay products .... Pottery S4, 555. 624 2.264,521 $8,625,364 2.888.047 $8,711,012 3.042.084 $6,404,594 3,046.190 $8,884,100 3,046.190* Total vS6.820.145 $11,513,411 $11,753,096 $9,450,784 $11,930,290 a Estimated figures based on incomplete returns. Production of clay products by classes in 1938 and 1939 is shown in table 37. Table 37. — Production- of Clay Products, by Classes, 1938 and 1939 Products Common brick (M) Face brick (M) Hollow building tile (tons) Drain tile (tons) Fireclay products including refractory cement All other clay products 3 Potterv Total value , 1938 Quantity 184,129 70.309 103.223 82.713 Vak $1,867,869 1.130.323 483.327 562.049 771.656 1,593,370 3,046,190 $9,454,784 1939 Quantity 286.162 115.818 130.377 77.299 Yah $2,253,879 1.545.696 805.641 545.887 363.311 3.369,686 3,046.190 $11,930,290 a Includes silica brick, silica cement, floor brick, hollow brick, vitreous glazed brick, hadyite, industrial blocks, roofing granules, terra cotta, vitrified brick or block and sewer pipe. 46 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY Table 38. — Shipments of Clay Products in Illinois, by Months and by Classes, in 1939 a Month No. of plants Shipments Thousand* Vali Stocks on hand at end of month Thousands COMMON BRICK January . . . February. . March. April May June July August. . . . September. October. . . November. December 39 39 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 39 38 38 Total, 1939 Total, 1938. 9,815 101.271 8,720 90,284 18,599 187,075 16,162 161,916 21,597 217,659 20,560 202,108 18,796 187.136 22.152 221,913 17,590 181.782 21.218 218,503 20,007 200.653 16,065 155,978 211,281 2,126.278 158,777 1.630.980 65,619 59,632 45,093 45,017 42 , 790 52,789 48,467 50,412 51,934 54,224 64,534 69,357 FACK BRICK January . February March. April. . . . May. . . . lune. . . . July August. . . . September. October. . . November. December Total, 1939 Total, 1938 3,656 63 . 208 2.508 45.023 6,805 120,091 6,888 123.544 10,238 176,899 8.557 150,524 7,234 127,107 7.478 131,562 7.050 117.084 7,154 118,303 5,928 97,968 3,812 60,525 77,308 1,331,838 55 , 795 972,880 27.663 31,758 30,913 32,072 29,559 28,263 28,802 29,682 24 , 793 24.320 24,722 25,593 HOLLOW BUILDING TILE January . . February. . March April May June July August. . . . September. October. . . November. December. Total, 1939 Total, 1938. 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 19 18 18 18 5.937 4.960 9,138 8,290 8,740 8,853 9,179 7,955 7,187 7,429 7,998 7,311 92,977 60,047 33,213 26,987 51.017 45,495 49.495 48,390 48,118 43,128 38,804 41,072 44,518 40,183 510,420 362,042 40,434 40,151 38J34 35 , 294 35,967 39,444 40,343 42,715 43,582 44,414 43.385 40,007 iU. S. Bur. Census, Structural Clay Products, Monthly Bulletins, 1938 and 1939. FLUORSPAR 47 FLUORSPAR 15 Greatly increased demand for fluorspar by all the chief consuming in- dustries was reflected by the consumption of 176,800 short tons of fluorspar in 1939 compared with 115,100 tons in 1938. This improved demand re- sulted in the resumption of operations at some inactive mines and increases in operating schedules at many others. In consequence, domestic mine pro- duction and shipments were 75 and 127 per cent, respectively, higher than in 1938. In fact, so great was the demand for fluorspar in 1939 that shipments from domestic mines were the largest since 1920 and the fourth highest on record. Shipments from Arizona, Kentucky, and Nevada established all-time highs. However, shipments of fluorspar were considerably in excess of con- sumption and as a result consumers' stocks at the end of 1939 were abnormally high. Sales of imported fluorspar in the United States were 7 per cent less than in 1938. Tables 39 and 40 show, for 1938 and 1939, details of the shipments of fluorspar by states, imports by countries, and consumption by industries. Table 39. — Fluorspar Shipped from Mines in the United States, 1938-1939, by States 1938 1939 State Short tons Value Short tons Value Total Average Total Average Illinois Kentucky Arizona 35,368 34,803 1,093 4,066 2,909 370 1,704 90 \ \ ( $751,227 678,094 142,802 27,543 $21.24 19.48 17.70 12.73 1 \ s \ 75,257 89,563 6,477 3.520 385 7 . 569 $1,638,693 1,773,063 132,408 1 53,336 107,459 $21.77 19.80 20.44 New Mexico Nevada Utah Colorado New Hampshire 13 66 14.20 80,403 $1,599,666 $19.90 182,771 $3,704,959 $20.27 i^Data from U. S. Bur. Mines. Mineral Market Reports, M.M.S., No. 816, April 8, 1940. 48 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY Table 40. — Fluorspar Imported into the United States, 1938-1939 by Countries Count 1938 Short tons Value 1939 Short tons Value France Germany Mexico Newfoundland Norway Spain Tunisia Union of South Africa United Kingdom Total 7.411 3.062 85 4.752 S67.097 51.304 1.263 103.909 309 1.572 1.787 644 3,535 18.251 38.047 4.237 13.094 19 465 2.268 1 168 231 56 19.622 S287.643 16.302 S100.769 603 7.418 61,775 15 2,542 2,919 650 SI 76. 691 Table 41. — Fluorspar Consumed and in Stock in the United States, 1938 and 1939, by Industries, in Short Tons (Partly estimated by Bureau of Mines) 1938 1939 Industry Consumption Stocks at consumers' plants Dec. 31 Consumption Stocks at consumers' plants Dec. 31 Basic open-hearth steel Electric furnace steel 73.600 4.000 2,000 800 18.900 4.000 10.500 1.300 55,000 1.000 800 400 1 1 . 200 900 1.600 900 116,200 7,600 2,400 1,100 26.300 1 21.400 ( 1.800 69,900 1,400 800 Ferro-alloys 400 Hydrofluoric acid Enamel Glass Miscellaneous 13,700 3,100 7C0 Total 115.100 71,800 176,800 90,000 AGRICULTURAL LIMESTONE Returns from producers of agricultural limestone indicate that the farmers of Illinois applied 1,516,048 tons in 1939. Detailed statistics were received from Illinois producers and from producers in Indiana, Kentucky, Missouri, Iowa, and Wisconsin, who ship agricultural limestone into Illinois. Information was also received from farm advisers on estimated production of small quarries, production figures for which are otherwise unavailable. AGRICULTURAL LIMESTONE 40 Table 42. — Consumption of Agricultural Limestone 11 and 1939 by Counties, 1938 Countv Adams. . . . Alexander Bond Boone .... Brown Bureau Calhoun. . . Carroll Cass Champaign Christian Clark... Clay Clinton . Coles. . . Cook Crawford Cumberland DeKalb DeWitt Douglas DuPage Edgar. . . . Edwards. . Effingham Fayette . . Ford Franklin. . Fulton Gallatin Greene Grundy . Hamilton Hancock . Hardin Henderson Henry. . . Iroquois Jackson . Jasper. . . . Average ] A ME STONE Tons JSED Arable land < acres) i 1934 census figures) Consumption in Pounds per Acre of Arable Land 1938 1939 1938 1939 16.483 28.054 1.600 9.569 8.106 4.677 256.222 48.999 132.099 115.787 78.104 128 218 66 11.358 172 144 140 120 398 10 13.120 (») 20.000 5.750 15.000 5 . 538 23.103 359.529 68.901 153.278 144.961 510.585 73 111 164 196 76 2.089 27 20.357 78 90 15.542 19.650 1.706 13.982 1.328 14.669 46.915 5.500 16.585 15.000 338.156 151.845 151.435 192.686 214.023 92 240 22 144 12 86 600 72 177 140 7.622 2.510 6.576 8.000 10.757 9.826 8.240 10.526 10.895 10.120 178.385 124.307 119.122 307.266 182.562 85 40 110 52 118 110 132 176 71 110 7.564 6.711 3.758 8.204 24.421 7.950 5.541 11.729 6.050 13.052 207.392 106.526 273.073 85.356 163.598 72 126 28 192 298 76 104 86 140 160 10.001 21.264 6.816 5.049 2.564 14.000 21.490 7.367 1 1 . 890 4.773 228.559 247.539 113.057 290.102 104.998 88 172 120 34 48 123 173 131 82 91 16.045 21.011 4.215 4.550 2.251 16.125 22.559 6.500 8.161 4.800 178.198 200.769 134.746 274.919 29.189 180 104 62 33 146 181 112 97 59 328 ( a ) 13.035 31.484 26.438 13.300 5.881 130.350 334.421 554.440 172.337 176.936 200 30.000 27.835 7.901 8.921 178 100 90 100 188 95 154 66 Included under "Other Counties. 50 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY Table 42. — (Continued) County Tons Used Arable land (acres) (1934 census figures) Average Limestone Consumption in Pounds per Acre of Arable Land 1938 1939 1938 1939 Jefferson 14,822 7.100 6,600 1,164 7 , 293 20,683 9,098 11,031 2,737 28.838 1,521 37.000 49,022 15,339 3 , 748 2.593 58.120 8.206 5.140 10,702 15,463 11,531 9,603 ( a ) 2.787 4,985 21.017 13.601 5,102 5,052 35,000 11,778 4.394 8.917 ( a ) 1,218 ( a ) 9,336 17,577 6.500 13.500 9,953 10,000 7,010 14,224 25.153 13,500 20,700 8,071 44,719 3,700 20.000 66,014 12.300 8.012 16.500 66.716 11,480 18,250 30,320 8,505 15,061 8,431 2.050 5.528 12.096 9.375 10,290 3.394 4.148 20,000 31,460 11,475 10,662 20,000 4.800 1.600 9,843 11,952 6,558 177,301 115,901 145,556 72,686 223,860 309,935 155.459 254,902 115,301 519.354 117,274 320.207 540.819 300.583 227.081 218,840 581,994 278.949 292,187 267,693 185,766 162.866 228,957 63,831 134,833 192,182 149.508 269.517 222,219 162.653 319,048 218,763 138,507 220,133 237,252 66,401 66,790 59,339 204,931 133,173 166 122 90 32 65 133 116 86 46 110 26 230 180 100 34 24 198 58 35 80 166 140 84 153 171 Jo Daviess 138 193 127 162 Kendall 180 Knox 162 Lake 140 LaSalle 172 Lawrence 63 125 Livingston 244 83 McDonou^h 70 McHenrv 150 McLean Macon 228 82 Macoupin 124 Madison 226 Marion 91 Marshall 184 Mason 74 64 Menard 40 52 280 100 46 62 220 106 62 90 83 Mercer 126 Monroe 123 Montgomery 74 32 Moultrie 51 Ogle 135 288 164 Piatt 97 Pike 169 36 143 Pulaski 48 320 170 96 334 Randolph 117 99 Included under "Other Counties'* AGRICULTURAL LIMESTONE 51 Table 42. — (Concluded) County Tons Used Arable land ("acres ) ( 1934 census figures,) Average Limestone Consumption in Pounds per Acre of Arable Land 1938 1939 1938 1939 Rock Island 8,286 27.374 5.762 14.598 C) 6.561 14.971 11.150 133.212 31.501 267.433 9.514 120.108 8.310 377.487 6.000 130.779 8.560 90.704 P. 375 ?97.999 124 168 St. Clair Saline Sangamon Schuvler 200 96 77 232 158 44 91 Scott Shelby 138 100 160 332 106 152 84 70 154 226 32 86 38 60 62 262 156 188 86 Stark Stephenson Tazewell Union Vermilion 9.711 5.475 122.206 35.000 20.000 210.552 15.215 12.930 284.658 8.290 7.345 108.386 16.687 18.000 399.851 3.294 310 92.213 13.272 20.000 215.866 2^,553 24.000 216.960 91 190 91 136 90 Wabash Warren Washington 7 185 221 Wavne White 3.489 8.154 5.348 11.454 3.063 208.166 6.746 190.289 16.000 282.383 9.974 370.187 30 71 Whiteside Will 114 54 Williamson 3.285 2.854 105.094 54 Winnebago Woodford Trucked, county unknown 25.000 18.254 38.862 2.489 25.000 18.141 89.292 182.962 233.462 262 155 Other counties Total 1.174.986 1.516.048 Included under "Other Counties' PORTLAND CEMENT 16 Portland cement shipments from mills in Illinois in 1939 increased 444,000 barrels over those of 1938. Shipments and value for these years are as follows: Year Shipments in barrels Value 1938 1939 4,358,000 S6. 051. 000 4.802.000 7.099.000 Cement sold in Illinois in 1939 amounted to 7,665,332 barrels as compared with 6,432,231 barrels in 1938, an increase of 1,233,101 barrels. ««U. S. Bur. Mines, Monthly Cement Statements, Xo. C.P. 224, Feb. 26, 1940 and C.P. 224, Supplement A., March 8, 1940. 52 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY APPENDIX Table 1 shows the all-rail distribution of coal in market districts extending westward from middle Ohio and including the states of Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Iowa. This is the general area in which the industry of Illinois ships coal in greater or lesser quantities. Table 2 shows freight rates from a representative low-volatile coal field (Pocahontas) to market destinations in the Illinois coal market area, com- pared with freight rates from Illinois fields. Table 3 describes the size groups of coal in District No. 10 as defined by the U. S. Bituminous Coal Commission in its schedule of proposed mini- mum prices. APPENDIX 53 Fable 1.- A,,-». L Sh.pmen ts or Bituminous Coal by Districts or .»,„,„ Nos. 1- 5. INTO Ma.k t Akeas 15, 19-157, in 1937, Exclusive of Rail. adFu <■' INTO Makket From Producing Ohio M-» !„„« Chicago Indiana lLUNC — .LLINOIS Wisconsin MlCH- »»",■. St. Paul 1o*a M.S.OUB, Grand Total (From Dis- IS >, 20 21 22 23 u 25 26 28 29 30 32 35 36 37 38 39 40 4. 42 43 44 45 4< 47 48 49 50 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 6. 62 63 64 05 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 15.1 15" Market 2,288 876 390 4,610 SO 264 120 347 19,431 229 502 1,07 80 2,137 123 3,271 1,006 855 2,536 317 1,983 2. OS' 412 41 90 467 55 17.1 31 222 258 881 54 31 316 30 171 182 34 288 ill 71 430 195 07 1,029 141 50,697 1 i 57,020 55,614 805,017 4,528 S2.440 158,126 11,684 13.9S4 83,489 79,546 399 93,605 187,844 923,953 21,037 209 160 1 582 42 160 171,377 540,743 2,076,138 100,583 3.982 15,276,860 93,605 458,038 26,422,613 1,356 24,540 11 803 T(Kfi 44 89 6 026 40 49,694 1 015 507 2,703 2,294 v 7L» 3,232 617,532 7,601 37,647 2,197,266 1,321,393 175,702 120 527 2,475,301 5,485 24,708 21,995 1,010,449 423,744 10,642 98,44. 6,185 52,281 2,982 ID 239 1 485 13,548 6 924 36,807 5,206 645,329 8H- 77,819 3,929.033 21,921 1,096,183 on 1685 14,529 523,863 10,423 60,381 S ,„ 7,836,603 553,007 1,209,322 264,155 92,907 IM 66! 3,098,029 2,957,559 126,898 6,423 82 5,279 343,984 3,421 225,263 62,302 26,634 18,260 67,053 191,313 24,891 148,256 329,157 10,901 4,469 130,021 1,034 4,050 1,232 10,210 10,321 587 18,860 15,549 6,675 .5,405 8,187 1,016 4,070 293 1,864 144 462 477 2,949 . 172,075 1,100,093 27,368 247,202 18,074 173.508 81 586 1 801 7 5 56 4,389 12,611 3,610 7,958 SOO 5 227 50 10 784 328 10,536 34,732 10,151 120,662 1,587 52 5,665 7,492,846 472,820 838,040 10.548 3,730,058 124,494 4,367,216 3,570,542 2,065 391,259 28,017 741,91665,918 129,732 22,978 16,086 45,603 4,551 213 7,653 71,48.1 802 80,324 54 224 17 1,055 119,158 137,386 347,422 24,339 1,723 52.081 25,454,626 11 191 5,212 21,841 88,501 491,790 1117 801 64,601 26,497 1,369,306 2,147,254 1,134,727 669,315 84,45.1 1,344 9,288 146,175 154 49,127 608,846 399,727 78,034 1,256 12,841 63,445 9,223 4,684 65,770 181,957 7,835 6,148 15,715 859 386 436 442 137 5,181 9,149 1,021 5,320 1,818 52 47 3,814 354 156 7,902,210 184 79,187 212,597 10,575 3,966 7,404 30,019 4,650 11.080 45,123 156 48 154 102 5,801 110 3,022 1,714 169,852 10,730 767 656 9,225 6,024 5,312 269,787 509,590 3,595 3,600 „ „ 6,544 2,145 501 2,513 45 26 5,824 266 146 75,631 81 92 10,194 126,447 226,739 4,451 52,344 167,476 1,404,998 1,841 Total 3,784,19 5,551,79 1,469,960 12,290.727 SM.U, 2,024,940 420,84 190.79. 136 851 2,470,316 18,145,827 7,089,576 885,082 177.115 11,974 31,422 4,300.004 128,338 4,858,205 6,067,942 2,170,159 643,440 72.909 248,015 700,201 418,051 72.S2S 507 021 1,504,485 99,138 249,876 100.701 523,274 180,111 .10.718 897,170 101,696 27,215 1,18447,676 245,012 23,129 54,054 149,458 2,660 91,665 237,452 415,979 125,188 98,651371,525 248,886 1,781,457 440,863 84,775,081 Jl'PEXDIX 53 54 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY Table 2. — Freight Rates from a Representative Low-volatile Coal Field (Pocahontas) Rates from Illinois (Cents Destination Franklin Market Area Pocahon- tas County Coal Corp. (Royalton) Difference Spring- field Difference On 6"x 3" egg 29 339 205 134 175 164 30 339 212 127 174 165 31 266 266 266 32 312 174 138 312 33 295 174 121 295 34 337 146 191 337 35 382 136 246 382 36 375 375 375 37 339 339 166 173 38 411 200 211 411 39 397 174 223 397 40 337 140 197 115 222 41 427 210 217 180 247 42 502 290 212 261 242 43 550 370 180 340 210 44 532 440 92 532 45 702 416 286 386 416 46 570 390 180 360 210 47 550 354 196 319 231 48 550 345 205 310 240 49 520 286 234 251 269 50 500 274 226 239 261 52 445 210 235 170 275 53 440 190 250 150 290 54 520 228 292 193 327 55 583 368 215 338 245 56 630 401 229 371 259 57 630 401 229 371 259 58 59 550 325 225 305 245 60 520 346 174 316 204 61 520 334 186 299 221 62 520 345 175 310 210 63 520 290 230 270 250 64 520 298 222 263 257 65 520 266 254 246 274 66 505 266 239 246 259 67 274 239 68 440 3 " anc 190 lover 250 150 290 69 583 319 264 279 304 70 209 1863/2 71 200 160 72 558 267 291 2443/2 3133^ 73 410 170 240 410 74 288 No rate 75 319 230 Chicago, 111. Logansport, Ind New Albany, Ind. . . . Bloomfield, Ind Terre Haute, Ind. . . . Evansville, Ind St. Elmo, 111 Effingham, 111 Paris, 111 Galesburg, 111 Whitehall, 111 St. Louis, Mo Rockford, 111 Madison, Wis Eau Claire, Wis Ishpeming, Mich. . . St. Cloud, Mich Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minn Ft. Dodge, la Clarion, la Montezuma, la Cedar Rapids, la. . Muscatine, la Burlington, la Houghton, la Audubon, la Sioux City, la Onawa, la Omaha, Neb Winterset, la PolkCitv, la Elkhart, la Baxter, la Des Moines, la Newton, la Knoxville, la Ccnterville, la New Sharon, la Keokuk, la St. Joseph, Mo Mexico, Mo Hannibal, Mo Sedalia, Mo Bonne Terre, Mo. . . . Springfield, Mo Greater Kansas City, Mo JPPEXDIX 55 to Market Destinations in the Illinois Coal Market Area, Compared with Freight Fields, 1937" per ton) Belleville Difference Ful Pe (Pi ton- oria Difference att) Northern Illinois (Wilming- ton) Difference Danville Difference On 6"x3" egg 195 144 339 266 1( )5 174 339 266 120 219 339 266 145 194 174 138 295 337 312 295 337 312 295 337 136 246 382 382 143 239 150 225 375 375 339 339 339 90 249 190 221 ^3 338 165 246 161 236 U [6 251 397 115 222 337 337 160 177 200 227 L 50 277 105 322 180 347 280 222 2: >9 373 190 312 360 190 3( )0 250 300 250 360 190 430 102 3' 10 162 370 162 402 130 406 392 3- 16 356 702 380 190 3( )5 265 305 265 360 210 339 211 21 36 264 291 259 330 220 2 75 275 280 270 330 220 271 249 2 L6 304 221 299 259 241 2( )4 296 209 291 259 241 200 245 i: 13 322 170 275 212 233 165 275 i 15 325 120 320 187 254 213 307 l. 58 362 163 357 358 225 3( )8 275 313 270 323 260 391 239 3- 11 289 346 284 403 227 391 239 3^ 11 289 346 284 403 227 310 240 2 15 275 285 265 327 223 336 184 21 16 234 291 229 348 172 319 201 2< 34 256 269 251 336 184 330 190 2' 15 245 280 240 275 245 2^ 10 280 250 270 290 230 283 237 2: 18 292 233 287 298 222 251 269 2 16 304 226 294 266 254 251 254 2 [6 249 226 259 266 239 259 2. 59 209 274 165 275 1 15 325 120 320 175 265 3" and over 279 304 583 583 335 248 186^ 170 1< 35 '.'. 244 K> 313K; 558 558 170 240 410 410 170 279 56 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY Table 3. — Description of Size Groups of Coal in District No. 10 1 Size Group Number Raw or Mechanically Cleaned Sizes 1 All lump coal larger than 4 inches; also all egg coal with a bottom size larger than 4 inches. 2 All lump coal 4 inches and smaller, but larger than 3 inches; also all egg coal with a bottom size larger than 3 inches but not larger than 4 inches. 3 All lump coal 3 inches and smaller, but larger than 2 inches; also all egg coal with a bottom size larger than 2 inches but not larger than 3 inches. 4 All lump coal 2 inches and smaller, but larger than 134 inch; also all egg coal with a bottom size larger than 134 inch and not larger than 2 inches and with a top size larger than 4 inches. 5 All double screened coal with a bottom size larger than 134 inch but not larger than 2 inches and a top size larger than 2 inches but not larger than 4 inches. 6 All lump coal 134 inch or smaller; all double screened coal with a top size larger than 2 inches and a bottom size not larger than 1% inch. 7 Straight mine run, no fines removed. Mine run, modified by the removal of any in- termediate size or sizes, no fines removed. All resultants larger than 2 inches, no fines removed. 8 All double screened coals with a top size not larger than 2 inches but larger than 134 inch, and a bottom size larger than •}« inch. Raw Sizes All double screened coals not mechanically cleaned with a top size not larger than 2 inches but larger than 134 inch, and a bottom size not larger than % inch but larger than 3 32 inch or 10-mesh. All double screened coals not mechanically cleaned with a top size not larger than 134 All inch but larger than ^4 inch, and a bottom size larger than ^ inch. ible screened coals not mechanically cleaned with a top size not larger than 134 inch but larger than % inch, and a bottom size not larger than 2 8 inch but larger than 10-mesh or 3 32 inch. All double screened coal not mechanically cleaned with a top size % inch and smaller, and a bottom size larger than 3/32 inch or 10-mesh. All screenings not mechanically cleaned having a top size 2 inches and smaller, but larger than 134 inch, no fines removed. All screenings not mechanically cleaned having a top size 134 inch larger than 3 x inch, no fines removed. All screenings not mechanically cleaned having a top size 3 « inch larger than 10-mesh or 3/32 inch, no fines removed. (Dust) All screenings not mechanically cleaned having a top size 10-mesh or 3/32 inch and smaller, no fines removed. and smaller but and smaller but 'Schedule of proposed coordinated minimum prices for District No. 10. mission, June 23, 1939. U. S. Bituminous Coal Com- APPENDIX Table 3. — Continued 57 Size Group Number 18 19 20 21 11 23 24 Washed or Air-Cleaned Sizes All double screened coals mechanically cleaned with a top size not larger than 2 inches k than 3 32 inch or 10-mesh. All double inch but larger than % inch, and a bottom size larger than % inch. All double screened coals mechanically cleaned with a inch but larger than % inch, and a bottom size not larger than z /% inch, but larger than 3/32 inch or 10-mesh. All double screened coals mechanically cleaned with a top size % inch and smaller, and a bottom size larger than 3/32 inch or 10-mesh. All double screened coals mechanically cleaned with a top size not larger than 134 inch but larger than 34 mcn an d a bottom size not larger than 10-mesh. All screenings, mechanically cleaned, having a top size 2 inches and smaller but larger than \ l /9 inch, and a bottom size for wet cleaning 1 millimeter or equivalent, and for air cleaning shall contain at least 10 per cent that will pass a 10-mesh screen. All screenings, mechanically cleaned, having a top size 134 inch and smaller but larger than y% inch, and a bottom size for wet cleaning 1 millimeter or equivalent, and for air cleaning shall contain at least 10 per cent that will pass through a 10-mesh screen. All screenings, mechanically cleaned, having a top size z /% inch and smaller, and a bottom size for wet cleaning 1 millimeter or equivalent, and for air cleaning shall contain at least 10 per cent that will pass through a 10-mesh screen. Dry Dedusted Sizes 25 Dry dedusted screenings having a top size 2 inches and smaller but larger than 134 inch. Fines are defined as the resultant coal passing through the dedusting screen used to dedust and in no case shall the dedusting screen exceed % inch. Not more than 50 per cent of the fines may be removed by dedusting screens. However, standard mechanical dedusting equipment may use not larger than 8-mesh screens to remove the fines with no limit to percentage of fines removed. 26 Dry dedusted screenings having a top size 134 inch and smaller but larger than 3-g inch. Not more than 50 per cent of the fines may be removed by dedusting screens. However, standard mechanical dedusting equipment may use not larger than 8-mesh screens to remove the fines with no limit to percentage of fines removed. 27 (10-mesh special stoker) Dry dedusted screenings having a top size ^g inch and smaller. Standard mechanical dedusting equipment may use not larger than 8- mesh but larger than 48-mesh screens to remove the fines. 28 (Carbon) Dry dedusted screenings having a top size ?'g inch and smaller. Standard mechanical dedusting equipment may use not larger than 28-mesh screens to remove the fines. 29-33 Sizes embraced in these size groups are not produced in District No. 10. 34 Picking table refuse not passed through a breaker.