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ROSARUM MOiNOGRAPHIA ; 
 
 OR. 
 
 SI Botanical f^iistory 
 
 ♦>F 
 
 ROSES. 
 
 TO WHICH IS ADDED, 
 
 9111 appcuDi):, 
 
 FOR THE USE OF CULTIVATORS, 
 
 IN WHICH THC MOST REMARKABLE GARDEN VARIETIES ARE 
 SYSTEMATICALLY ARRANGED. 
 
 WITH NINETEEN PLATES. 
 
 BY JOHN LINDLEY, F. L. S. 
 
 K guada-nar, se i.i polra, <iucl iloiio, 
 
 Che stato detto u'c, che Rose sono. ^pmsi. 
 
 llouUon : 
 
 PRINTED FOR JAMES RIDGW AY, lv59. PICCADILLY. 
 
 IH20. 
 
if) 
 
 
 I 
 5J 
 
 
 X 
 
 ^ 
 
 TO 
 
 CHARLES LYELL, ESQ. 
 
 OF KINNORDY, NORTH BRITAIN, 
 THE FOLLOWING 
 
 MONOGRAPH OF ROSES, 
 
 WHICH IS MUCH INDEBTED TO HIS LIBERALITY 
 
 AND 
 
 TO HJS INTIMATE KNOIVLEDGB^ OF THE GENUS, 
 
 18 INSCRIBED, 
 
 AVITH SINCERE ESTEEM, 
 BV 
 
 )*- HIS MUCH OBLIGED 
 
 AND 
 
 VERY GRATEFUL FRIEND, 
 
 THE AUTHOR. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 It is necessary, before I enter upon the imme- 
 diate subject of the following pages, to give 
 some explanation of the reasons which have in- 
 duced me to intrude upon the attention of the 
 public. Not because every one does so, but be- 
 cause a fresh attempt to accomplish what has 
 repeatedly and recently failed in the hands of far 
 more experienced botanists than myself, would 
 without it appear, to say the least of it, pre- 
 sumptuous. 
 
 Although the number of publications on the 
 present subject is already too considerable, and 
 their authors, in many instances, men of esta- 
 blished reputation ; yet nothing is more notorious 
 than the almost inextricable confusion in wliich 
 Roses are to this day involved. This however 
 may perhaps be in some measure explained by a 
 careful examination of the principal works, and 
 of the circumstances under which they have 
 been severally composed. 
 
 Some of them are mere masses of figures, 
 and those frequently not of the best kind, with- 
 out any scientific pretensions, either to arrange- 
 ment, or correctness of delineation. In other 
 
viii PREFACE. 
 
 instances tlie examination of species has been 
 partial, comprehending such only as arc found in 
 certain districts ; the consideration of foreign 
 Roses being altogether omitted. I may also 
 venture to assert that whenever the study of 
 extra European Roses has been combined with 
 that of those peculiar to our own quarter of the 
 globe, the ideas of their discriminative characters 
 have never resulted from an intimate knowledge 
 of the genus in a living state. On the contrary^ 
 incomplete notions have been formed of it from 
 dried specimens only, which, in the present in- 
 stance, are far from being of their ordinary im- 
 portance. To this, in some measure, is to be at- 
 tributed a disposition to increase the number of 
 species beyond their natural limits, which has 
 been no unfruitful source of error and confusion. 
 The necessity then of a Monograph of Roses not 
 composed under these disadvantages will scarcely 
 be disputed. 
 
 A considerable private collection of living 
 plants has occupied my attention for several 
 years ; and if to this be added the unlimited ac- 
 cess to every thing in this country, at all con- 
 nected mth my design, which I am proud to say, 
 has been conceded to me on every side in the 
 most gratifying manner, my materials may fairly 
 be considered to deserve some attention, if not 
 the manner in which they have been employed. 
 
 The plan I have pursued is too obvious to re- 
 
PREFACE. it 
 
 quire much explanation. As the synonymy is 
 one of the most difficult and perhaps important 
 parts of the subject, it has of coiu-se received 
 particular attention. But I have rarely been 
 very anxious about the synonyms of botanists of 
 an earlier date than the time of Linnaeus, on ac- 
 count of the extreme uncertainty of the precise 
 plants which they intended. The work might 
 have. been extended to a much greater length, 
 had I not aimed at avoiding to repeat what has 
 been previously said by others, except so far as 
 was necessary to make myself intelligible. In 
 marks and abbreviations the plan laid down by 
 M. De Candolle, in his excellent Itegni vegeta- 
 bilis systema naturale has been my guide, but 
 with some slight deviations. 
 
 To the noble library and inexhaustible Bo- 
 tanical treasures of the Right Honourable Sir 
 Joseph Banks, with that unexampled liberality 
 for which their illustrious possessor has been 
 ever celebrated, I have been allowed the freest 
 access. To these I am almost entirely indebted 
 for the numerous and highly interesting species, 
 either altogether new, or hitherto imperfectly 
 known, from the hotter countries of Asia, Africa, 
 and North America. The authentic specimens 
 preserved there from Jacquin, Pallas, and others, 
 with those of the Hortas Kewensis, have enabled 
 me to determine many of their synonyms with 
 
 precision. To the kindness of Aylmer Bourke 
 
 b 
 
X PREFACE. 
 
 Laml^ert, Esc^. I am particularly indebted for the 
 liberty of examining bis fme collection, contain- 
 ing, among other rarities, all that remains of 
 Pallas ^ Roses, specimens from Colonel Hard- 
 wdcke of the Attar tree of Ghizapore; fruit of 
 R. multijlora, and flowers of E. hystrijc, all which 
 are in no other herbarium in this comitry. The 
 materials which have resulted from the experience 
 of twenty years' perpetual observation of the most 
 extensive collection of cultivated Hoses in the 
 world, have been submitted to my examination 
 by Mr. Sabine their liberal proprietor. To Mr. 
 Lyell, whose knowledge of the subject is only 
 equalled by the readiness with which it is com- 
 municated, I am under the most extensive obliga- 
 tions. Nor nuist 1 omit to acknowledge the ma- 
 terial assistance I have received from my friend 
 Mr. Hooker, now Regius Professor of Botany in 
 the university of Glasgow, whose Roses collected 
 with the greatest care in Ireland, Switzerland and 
 the South of France, with those of his numerous 
 correspondents, have been placed in my hands. 
 By them many doubtful synonyms of continental 
 botanists have been ascertained. By the learned 
 , President of the Linna^an society I have been al- 
 lowed to examine the important herbarium of 
 Linnceus, and his own, which is not less valu- 
 able. A multitude of other communications, too 
 numerous to be acknowledged individually, are 
 noticed hi their proper places. 
 
PREFACE. xi 
 
 With this mass of matter before me I have 
 naturally felt strongly interested in making the 
 attempt which is now produced. If I have in 
 some measure succeeded I shall have the satis- 
 faction of knowing that the way for whomsoever 
 may succeed me will be less impassable; if I 
 have not, I am ready to throw myself on the in- 
 dulgence of those who are best aware of the dif- 
 ficulty of the subject. 
 
 London, 
 March Slat. 1820. 
 
 b2 
 
^ 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 A GENUS more remarkable than the Rose could scarcely 
 have been selected for illustration from the whole 
 vegetable kingdom : on account of the lively interest 
 its beauty has excited in the minds of mankind from 
 the earliest ages of the world. To poets it is a mine 
 which all their ingenuity has been insufficient to ex- 
 haust. Volumes have been written upon its efficacy in 
 Medicine ; and one of the most earnest defenders of 
 its powers has not hesitated to assure the world that 
 the Pharmacopoeia should be formed of Roses alone. 
 It would be equally needless and tedious to mention all 
 the stories which have been told about them ; or all the 
 customs to which they have given rise. But it would 
 scarcely be judicious to pass these things over without 
 any sort of notice. 
 
 As the emblem of youth, the Rose was dedicated 
 to Aurora; of love and beauty, to Venus ; of danger 
 and fugacity, to Cupid. It was given by the latter as 
 a bribe to Harpocrates the god of silence; whence 
 perhaps originated the custom, of which we are told by 
 Rosenbergius, that obtained among the northern na- 
 tions of Europe, of suspending a Rose from the ceiling, 
 over the upper end of their tables, when it was intended 
 that what passed at their entertainments should be se- 
 cret. And this undoubtedly is the origin of the com- 
 
xiv INTRODUCTION. 
 
 mon expression, *' Under the Rose." The ancients tell 
 lis that Roses originally were white ; bnt were changed 
 to red by the blood of Venus, Avhen her feet were lace- 
 rated by their prickles in her attempt to protect Adonis 
 from the rage of Mars. Theocritus and Bion however 
 are of opinion that it was the blood of Adonis himself 
 that altered their colour. Another tale relates that 
 Cupid leading a dance in Heaven stumbled and overset 
 a bowl of nectar, M'hich falling upon the earth stained 
 the Rose. Ausonius has made the Rose blush from the 
 blood of Cupid (Tighe. 47.) Busbequius informs us 
 that the Turks have a similar superstition upon the 
 subject, and believe that Roses originated from the 
 sweat of their prophet Mahomet. Nor has the inge- 
 nuity of monkish writers been at a loss to stamp 
 Roses in some measure with divinity, though in a dif- 
 ferent manner. Marulus tells a story of an holy virgin 
 named Dorothea, who suffered martyrdom in Coesarea, 
 under the government of Fabricius ; and who con- 
 verted to Christianity a scribe named Theophilus, by 
 sending him some Roses in the winter time out of Pa- 
 radise. A golden Rose was considered so honourable a 
 present, that none but crowned heads were thought 
 worthy either to give or to receive it. Roses of this 
 kind were sometimes consecrated by the Popes upon 
 Good Friday, and given to such potentates as it was 
 their particular interest or wish to load with favours; 
 the flower itself being an emblem of the mortality of 
 the body, and the metal of which it was composed of 
 the immortality of the soul. Boethius says that Wil- 
 liam King of Scotland received a present of this sort 
 from Pope Alexander the third. And Henry the eighth 
 is recorded to have had a similar gift from Alexander 
 
INTRODUCTION. xr 
 
 the sixth. The seal of the famous Luther, which is 
 well known to have been a Rose, may have been sym- 
 bolical of the same things as the golden presents of the 
 Popes. Roses were employed by the Roman emperors 
 as a means of conferring- honours upon their most fa- 
 mous generals, whom they allowed to add a Rose to 
 the ornaments of their shields ; a custom which conti- 
 nued long after the Roman empire had ceased to exist, 
 and the vestiges of which may yet be traced in the ar- 
 morial bearings of many of the ancient noble families 
 of Europe. 
 
 As objects of cultivation they have always been 
 eagerly sought after ; and for the purpose of increasing 
 their beauty, every means of causing the flowers to 
 become double has been put in practice. Hence, in 
 process of time, has sprung the multitude of indivi- 
 duals now in every garden, whose beauty is only 
 equalled by the extreme difficulty of tracing them to 
 their original stock. But it is a mistake to suppose 
 that double Roses are of somewhat modern origin ; 
 since they are particularly mentioned by Herodotus, 
 Athenaeus, and Theophrastus ; and more especially by 
 Pliny, who enumerates several sorts, among which is a 
 centlfolia. It is remarkable that the latter should not 
 mention the Rose of Poestum, nor any growing in that 
 neighbourhood. This omission makes it impossible 
 even to guess at what was meant by the " biferi Rosaria 
 Psesti." The only Rose Mr. Woods found about Paes- 
 tum was R. sempervirens. 
 
 The name Rose is derived by De Thcis from the 
 Celtic rhodd or rJiudd, signifying red, whence, he 
 thinks, have originated the synonimous names rhos in 
 Armorican, pohv in Greek, and rosha in Sclavonian. 
 
XYi INTRODUCTION. 
 
 It is the only genus of Jussieu's second section of 
 RosACE^E, and is distinguished from the succeeding 
 sections of that order, by its fleshy urceolate calyx, 
 and liairy, osseous pinicarpia. From Pomaces there 
 is no absohite mark of distinction, except its sohtary 
 suspended ovulum, and indefinite ovaria; for, however 
 sufficient the distinction may at first sight appear, be- 
 tween the fi'uctus wferus of the latter and superus of 
 Rosacea, it is almost entirely removed by Cratcegys 
 glabra and at^buti folia; which difJer essentially from 
 the genus to which they have been referred, in having 
 ovarium semisuperitm and in the ripe fruit the pericar- 
 pium almost entirely superior. With some unpubUshed 
 species these form a very distinct genus which I have 
 called PJwtinia. 
 
 Our knowledge of European Roses has become, by 
 the extraordinary attention they have received, so ex- 
 tensive that it is impossible to doubt that limits be- 
 tween what are called species do not exist. This was 
 strongly suspected by Linnaeus when he said, " Species 
 limitibus difficillime circumscribuntur, et forte Natura 
 non eos posuit," but he had no means of satisfying 
 himself. Gerard and others have asserted it; although 
 Haller and most succeeding botanists have disputed the 
 truth of the opinion. A partial, but satisfactory illus- 
 tration of it may be given, without extending the exa- 
 mination so far as to show every link which unites the 
 European species with each other. R. canina and spi- 
 nosissima may be considered to exhibit the extreme 
 differences in structure and appearance. Let us begin 
 with spinosissima . This is united with rubella through 
 the variety melanocarpa of the latter. Its variety pi- 
 losa connects it with R. involufa, whicli in a more vi- 
 
INTRODUCTION. xvii 
 
 goroiis state becomes R. Don'iana of Woods, which is 
 the intermediate state between it and Sahim. This 
 passes into villosa through R. gracilis of Woods. By 
 a partial return to its original appearance, that is to 
 say, by again losing its hairs, but retaining its glands, 
 R. involuta becomes R. mi/riacantha. Another branch 
 from spinosissima is through rubella which passes into 
 alpina by the dwarf alpine variety of the latter. A 
 vigorous sort of spinosissima in two or three generations 
 might produce R. hibernica, and this may be traced 
 into Sabini without much difficulty. From R. Sabini 
 having lost its setse proceeds R. tomentosa, whose va- 
 riety mollis brings them together; and we are ac- 
 quainted with every gradation from tomentosa to ca- 
 nina. 
 
 Before we proceed to consider how far these cir- 
 cumstances mav be allowed to affect the arrano-ement 
 of the genus, it may be worth while to consider what 
 is, or ought to be, understood by a species. Cuvier 
 tells us it is " the union of individuals descended from 
 each other, or from common parents, and of those 
 which resemble them as much as they resemble each 
 other." (Regne Animal \. 19.) De Candolle defines a 
 species to be " the assemblage of all the individuals 
 which resemble each other more than they resemble 
 others; which can, by reciprocal foecundation, pro- 
 duce fertile individuals ; and which reproduce them- 
 selves, by generation, in such a manner that they may 
 all by analogy be supposed to have descended originally 
 from a single individual." (Theorie ed. 2. 193.) Now 
 if these definitions, which are purely hypothetical, be 
 the test by which a species is to be tried before it is ad- 
 mitted as such, it results, from the illustrations I have 
 
 c 
 
xvm INTRODUCTION. 
 
 i,^iven, that all the European portion of the genus must 
 be luKklled together under one specific title; a measure, 
 the absurdity of whicii is sullieiently obvious, because 
 to adopt it would be only disputing about terms, since 
 it would then be necessary to distinguish certain modi- 
 fications ; and it is immaterial whether these be termed 
 species or varieties. For why do we distinguish species 
 among genera? except as the means of giving precision 
 to our ideas, and consequently correctness to our lan- 
 guage ; by indicating certain modifications of structure 
 considered to be of inferior importance to those which 
 distinguish genera, and whose supposed limits are de- 
 fined by what is called a specific character. By species 
 then I wish to be understood here to mean, an assem- 
 blage of individuals, ditfering in particular respects 
 from the rest of the genus, but having more points of 
 affinity among themselves than with others ; their 
 union being therefore natural. 
 
 But if, as I have attempted to show, there are no 
 limits to the species, it is impossible to give them ri- 
 gorous definitions ; and with a firm conviction of the 
 truth of this, have I set about a revision of the genus. 
 Upon these principles I have proceeded throughout. 
 
 On commencing an examination of the causes 
 whence so much confusion has arisen, I was presently 
 assured that no inconsiderable part of the difficulty 
 might be removed by ceasing to insist on the trifling 
 distinctions upon which a number of botanists have 
 recently established their species. For it is evident 
 that where only a few tolerably tangible characters are 
 to be obtained, no course is so certain to destroy their 
 importance as that of frittering them away till they 
 become confounded with one another. Nor is it suffi- 
 
INTRODUCTION. xix 
 
 cient to constitute a species, that it can be distin- 
 guished, perhaps readily, by the experienced eye of a 
 cultivator, from all other Roses ; for if this were the 
 case, most of the numerous varieties of the Apple, the 
 Pear and the Plum which the practised gardener finds 
 no difficulty in recognising, would have an equally 
 just claim to specific distinction. A second source of 
 confusion originated with Linnsens himself, when he 
 divided tlie species into two divisions, distinguishing 
 them by their ovate and round fruit. A more variable 
 character than this could scarcely have been fixed upon, 
 and yet it has been adopted with a few exceptions, by 
 the greater part of his followers. In some instances 
 attempts have been made to alter this arrangement ; 
 but as the plans proposed instead have been scarcely 
 better than Linnosus's, they have met with little atten- 
 tion. So that in the most recent complete account of 
 the genus which has hitherto appeared, from the pen 
 of Sir James Smith in Rees's Cyclopaedia, the old 
 mode of division is adhered to. 
 
 Mr. Woods was the first who effectually broke 
 through the prejudices in favour of this ; and in an ex- 
 cellent memoir on the Roses of Great Britain, arranged 
 and defined them according to a method of his- own. 
 However much we maybe at variance about the limits 
 of species, there can be little or no difference of opi- 
 nion between us respecting his primary divisions, be- 
 cause they are natural. Many important characters 
 were first noticed by him ; among which the distinc- 
 tion between setae and prickles more particularly de- 
 serves to be noticed. It is with pleasure that I ac- 
 knowledge the advantages I have derived from this 
 method. And to show the great importance I attach 
 
 c2 
 
XX 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 to it, I have taken it as the basis of mj' own. It is 
 true that the additions and alterations I have found it 
 necessary to make, have been considerable, but they 
 are such as Mr. Woods himself would probably have 
 resorted to, had exotic specimens entered into his plan. 
 His divisions however are confessedly made without 
 reference to any but British Roses, and so far his ar- 
 rangement is defective. In 1816, a year after Mr. 
 Woods's paper was read before the Linnsean society. 
 Dr. Ambrosio Rau published his " Enumeration of the 
 Roses growling about Wurtzburg," arranged according 
 to a new method. The remarks attached to the species 
 are useful and accurate, but the manner in which they 
 are disposed is defective. It however deserves atten- 
 tion for the care which the subject has evidently re- 
 ceived from the author. These two are the only at- 
 tempts to form a new arrangement of Roses which it 
 is necessary to notice. In both, the species are too 
 much multiplied, and consequently their characters are 
 sometimes unsatisfactory. 
 
 In the following disposition one of my principal ob- 
 jects has been to make it natural. To effect this it was 
 necessary to become acquainted with all the species, and 
 then to submit them individually to careful analysis ; 
 which enabled me to ascertain how far general exter- 
 nal resemblance and structure go together. Of such 
 characters which combined the species best, I selected 
 the most remarkable. Whether this has been done 
 with judgment it is for others to decide. I may how- 
 ever take the opportunity of expressing my conviction 
 that no one can understand Roses, unless well ac- 
 quainted with them in a living state. That this incon- 
 venience, which is undoubtedly great, may be in some 
 
INTRODUCTION. xxi 
 
 measure obviated, I propose to offer a series of observa- 
 tions on the respective permanence or disposition to 
 vary, of the modifications of each particular organ. 
 
 The liahit of Roses, although not often of moment, 
 may sometimes be employed with advantage, when its 
 differences are caused by the manner in which the 
 rootshoots grow, llieir being bent like a bow distin- 
 guishes Canime and Ruhiginosce from Villosce; in 
 which they are quite erect. The flagelliform shoots of 
 arvensis prevent its being confounded with systyla; and 
 their being climbing separates sempervirens from pro- 
 strata. Yet cinnamornea contains two plants, of which 
 one has straight and the other curved rootshoots ; and 
 the same remark is applicable to tomentosa. 
 
 I have found it necessary to make a distinction 
 between branches and hranchlets, understanding by the 
 latter term the lateral shoots which are produced in the 
 same season as those from which they spring. Thus 
 R. lutesceiis is readily known from spinosissima by the 
 dense prickles of its branches, and the mere roughness 
 of its branchlets. In R. laxa the latter are unarmed ; 
 in lucida, furnished with infrastipulary prickles. R. 
 rubella is armed as far as its extremities ; in the most 
 nearly allied species, R. striata, the branchlets are 
 almost naked. R. hystrix has the latter covered all 
 over with little rigid setee, while its branches are abso- 
 lutely free from them. 
 
 Arms is a term used to express the presence of 
 setce and prickles mixed indiscriminately. 
 
 Setce are little straight aculei tipped with a gland. 
 They are known from real glands by their rigidity, 
 greater length and tendency to pass into prickles. 
 They exist at some period I believe in all species upon 
 
xxii INTRODUCTION. 
 
 the rootshoots, where they are quickly changed into 
 aculei by losing their gland. In general they are de- 
 ciduous after the first year. On their presence on the 
 branches depend some of my most natural divisions. 
 Spinosissbnce are divided from Canince by that character 
 among others. Turbinata is essentially different from 
 its nearest allies in the want of them. R. hystrix is 
 easily known from the rest of its division by their pre- 
 sence on its branchlets. They cause nevertheless some 
 unaccountable anomalies. R. canina produces them 
 now and then, in a division where they are not other- 
 wise found. Such a disposition also exists in R. arven- 
 sis hyhrida ; nor is R. ruhiginosa by any means free 
 from them. These however ought to be considered 
 unimportant exceptions, which cannot materially af- 
 fect the general utility of setee in characterizing species. 
 It is remarkable that an organ, which on the branches 
 is of so much value, should be of all others the most 
 variable on the fruit and peduncle. R. ruhiginosa and 
 iomentosa produce setigerous and naked fruit ; in some 
 instances indiscriminately on the same bush. R. ca- 
 nina is not unfrequently furnished with setae on its 
 peduncle, rarely on the fruit. Spinosissima, Carolina 
 and others, are equally disposed to vary with setige- 
 rous and naked flowerstalks and calyx. Yet there are 
 species which are not subject to such inconstancy in 
 the surface of their fruit. For instance R. involuta, 
 Sahini, viltosa, Icevigata, sinica, &c. have never been 
 seen without setigerous heps. 
 
 By the form of the pricMes Caninw are tolerably 
 distinguished from Fillosa^; and their inequality di- 
 vides Ruhiginoscc from the former. Their presence or 
 absence on the petioles is much too variable to be cm- 
 
INTRODUCTION. xxm 
 
 ployed at any time; Where their situation is infrasti- 
 pulary, as in the greater part of Cinnamomeoe, they pre- 
 sent an important character : but one of which we can 
 judge only from a living plant; because most species 
 with scattered prickles occasionally produce specimens 
 in which they are placed beneath the stipulae. The 
 fruit of a few kinds is prickly and as it seems con- 
 stantly so. 
 
 Glands, which are perhaps better distinguished 
 from setae by their scent than any thing else, are for 
 the most part attached to the leaves on the under sur- 
 face. They are employed to divide Ruhlginoscc from 
 Canincv, myriacantha from spinosisslma ; and, among 
 other things, Brunonil from nioschata. R. jmlverulenta 
 is the only Rose having them on the upper surface of 
 the leaves. The curious substance known by the name 
 of moss, which makes its appearance on centifoUa and 
 rublglnosa, may be considered glands under another 
 form. 
 
 Pubescence on the branches, peduncles, or tube of 
 the calyx is the only invariable character I have disco- 
 vered in Roses. Distinctions drawn from it I have 
 every reason to consider absolute. It is either persis- 
 tent or deciduous. When persistent it becomes an im- 
 portant criterion of a section, and characterizes Sim- 
 plicifolia, FeroceSf and Bracteatce; the two latter divi- 
 sions being formed by its absence from the fruit of the 
 former. When it is deciduous it becomes of specific 
 importance only; in that state it distinguishes R. ahys- 
 sinica from sempervirens, glutinosa from ruhiginosa^ 
 and contributes to the separation of microcarpa from 
 Banksicc. Just the reverse is the case with pubescence 
 upon the leaves. There it is usually of no consequence 
 
xxiv INTRODUCTION. 
 
 whatever. It is true that in some instances I have 
 continued to employ it ; but rarely otherwise than as a 
 secondary character. Under any circumstances it is 
 to be suspected. I have seen canina with hairy and 
 smooth leaves on the same plant. In that species and 
 tomentosa there is every gradation from perfect nudity 
 to the most dense pubescence. R. Carolina has hairy 
 or smooth leaves; so have spinosissima, semperflorenSj 
 arvensis and many others. Yet I never met with hairy 
 leaves on R. fraxinif'olia nor naked ones on dnna' 
 momea. 
 
 The Stipida; proceed from each side of the petiole 
 at its base, to which they always have some degree of 
 adherence. Certain species, such as hracteata and in- 
 volucrata, and even canina occasionally, explain the 
 nature of these appendages by producing them in the 
 form of leaves, differing from the one to which they 
 are attached only in being smaller and less perfect. 
 Their modifications are not numerous, but when occur- 
 ring, extremely important. The section BanJisiance is 
 chiefly characterized by their being subulate, nearly 
 distinct from the petiole, and deciduous, as in Peaches 
 and Nectarines. The pectinate stipules of midtiflora 
 neatly distinguish it from those in its vicinity. They 
 are narrow in majalis; broad in cinnamomea; flat and 
 waved in lucida; convolute in Carolina and Woodsii; 
 with a continuous direction in spinosissirna, &c. ; sud- 
 denly divaricate at the end in sulphurea. In herheri- 
 folia they become confluent to the exclusion of the 
 leaves, and, their function being altered, assume a 
 much more firm and rigid texture than is usual. 
 
 Leaves are always pinnate. Their density may 
 sometimes be employed ; as in sempervirens, which 
 
INTRODUCTION. xxv 
 
 may be known from arvensis by that distinction among- 
 others. Their colour deserves attention if not owing 
 to pubescence. The glaucous hue of rubrifolia contri- 
 butes to distinguish it from canina, and laxa from lu- 
 cida. The shape of the leaflets, unless remarkable, can 
 rarely be employed ; ovate varies to oval; and orbicu- 
 lar to ovate; lanceolate and retuse are the most con- 
 stant forms under which the leaflets appear. The latter 
 shape would alone be sufficient to separate sericea from 
 the species near which it stands. Concavity is unim- 
 portant in most instances. Yet it is a remarkable fea- 
 ture in R. lutca, whose leaflets are hollowed like the 
 bowl of a spoon, and conflrms the affinity of that spe- 
 cies to rubiginosa, in which the same peculiarity exists. 
 The rugosity of the leaflets will frequently furnish good 
 specific characters. It distinguishes f^illosce from Ca 
 nince, acicularis from the rest of its division, and cin- 
 namomea from majalis. The shining leaflets of Jerox 
 are very unlike the opaque ones of kaynchatica. Single 
 and double serratures can only be made use of under 
 particular circumstances. Generally they are as vari- 
 able as any thing ; there are states of canlna which 
 would puzzle the most practised eye to decide whether 
 the leaflets were simply or doubly serrated. Myriacantha 
 is asserted by Mr. Woods to have double serratures : in 
 all my specimens they are simple. A plant of that va- 
 riety of rubiginosa which Mr. Woods has called Bor- 
 reri, one year produced all its leaves with simple ser- 
 ratures ; and the next with compound ones. Yet I be- 
 lieve the double serratures of involuta will prevent its 
 being mistaken for spinosissima. 
 
 The inflorescence varies in diffisrent species from the 
 most simple to the most compound form. It however 
 
 d 
 
xxvi INTUODUCTION. 
 
 appears to be universally increased upon one plan. In 
 some sections the flowers are solitary, as in Phnpinelli- 
 folicc, and may be known to be so by the absence of 
 bractere, which are not produced till the flowers are 
 increased in number. When therefore these are pre- 
 sent, the flower, if apparently solitary, will be found to 
 have become so by the abortion of other lateral flowers. 
 The first approach to composition is by a flower with a 
 bractea at its base being produced on each side the 
 primordial one. When the inflorescence is again in- 
 creased it is by a similar addition of flowers on each 
 side of the secondary ones ; so that those which were 
 lateral with respect to the primordial flower, become 
 central as regards those which spring from themselves ; 
 and so on. The inflorescence then must always be 
 considered to begin where the first central flower, which 
 blows the earliest and has the shortest stalk, appears ; 
 and therefore all ramifications without it, however 
 aphyllous they may be, must be considered as branch- 
 lets. Let, for instance, moscliata be examined in its 
 most compound state. The mass of ramifications is 
 found to consist of alternate ramuli, usually furnished 
 with a leaf at their axilloe. Each of these throws forth 
 other alternate branchlets ; the infra-axillary leaf being 
 perhaps reduced to a single pinna. These last are 
 again subdivided into fresh branchlets ; and if this be 
 the ultimate stage of composition, as it usually is, each 
 branchlet is terminated by an ebracteate flower ; and 
 there inflorescence must be considered to commence. 
 The primordial flower, as it expands the earliest, is 
 probably the most perfect; and should therefore be ex- 
 amined to ascertain the number of ovaria, which al- 
 though tolerably constant in it, are by no means so in 
 
TNTRODITCTION. xxvii 
 
 such flowers as are lateral; so that care must be taken 
 not to confound the latter when accidentally solitary in 
 bracteatcd species with the naturally central flower. 
 
 Distinctions drawn from the shape of the tube of 
 the calyx can in no instance be employed. All varie- 
 ties of form mav be found in can'ina and tomentosa. 
 
 The shape of the sepals may sometimes be consi- 
 dered, but very rarely their degree of division. In 
 hracteata they are broad and short with a point. Ar- 
 vensis has them less elongated than they ordinarily are. 
 Their persistence however must always be attended 
 to. It distinguishes JFoods'ii in some measure from 
 Carolina; characterizes all the PimpinelUfolicc ; and 
 affords the principal diagnosis of Villosce and Canince. 
 Their reflection contributes to divide damascena from 
 centifolia, and alba from some others. Their elongation 
 is a principal feature in ruhrifolia ; and is frequently to 
 be attended to in distinguishing single specimens of 
 cinnamomea from certain states of tomentosa. 
 
 Petals seldom offer any remarkable differences. In 
 most species they are concave and spreading ; in invo- 
 luta they are turned inwards at the edge ; in Carolina 
 crumpled ; in Lawranceana pointed. 
 
 Stamens vary only in number, and in this respect 
 they can rarely be employed, except among second- 
 aiy characters. In ruhrifolia and the rest of its divi- 
 sion they are very few, and in Bracteatce exceedingly 
 numerous. Usually they remain adhering to the ori- 
 fice of the fruit till it is decayed ; but in sempervirens, 
 77ioschata, semperforens and some few others they drop 
 off nearly at the same time as the petals. The last 
 species may be distinguished from indica by this among 
 other things. They are commonly about four times as 
 
 d 2 
 
xxviil INTRODUCTION. 
 
 numerous as the ovaria; in spinosissima, reversa, in- 
 dica, &c. they are twice; in bracteata, aciculans, ferox, 
 &c. thrice; and in Lawranceuna eight times as nume- 
 rous. 
 
 Ovaria may in some cases be usefully employed to 
 distinguish species; but for that purpose it is abso- 
 lutely necessary that they should be examined in the 
 primordial flower. Fillosce have from 30 to 40, in 
 which respect Rubiginosce agree with them. Canin(B 
 have from 15 to 25 except in the case of caucasea^ in 
 which they are from 50 to 60 ; and of Laivra?icea?ia, 
 where they are reduced to 7. 
 
 Sfi/le6- by their exsertion and cohesion characterize 
 a section, of which the species are naturally allied. 
 There is one plant however (R. setigeraj with this pe- 
 culiarity, which differs materially in other respects, 
 and having subulate stipulse stands in the division 
 Banhsia?2ce. 
 
 Fruit has been much rehed upon as offering very 
 evident characters ; and if these were constant none 
 could be better. It however unfortunately happens 
 that few parts of the plant are more subject to varia- 
 tion, not only as to surface, but form and size. This 
 remark is particularly applicable to tomentosa, canina, 
 and rubiginosa, in which every divei'sity of form, &c. 
 may be found. Yet there are some species in which 
 it appears to be much less polymorphous ; but whether 
 from our having less knowledge of them, or from the 
 absence of the predisposition to vary for which ca- 
 nina and its neighbours are so famous, I do not pre- 
 tend to be able to judge. Cinnamomece may be consi- 
 dered to offer examples of the greatest uniformity, and 
 Canince and Villosce of the greatest diversity of fruit- 
 
INTRODUCTION. xxix 
 
 The species are all included between the 70th and 
 20th degrees of Northern latitude ; except the R. Mon- 
 tezumir of Mexico, found in 19' N. at an elevation of 
 more than 9300 feet above the level of the sea. But 
 Baron Humboldt has calculated that in tropical coun- 
 tries the decrement of caloric is one degree every 90 
 toises of vertical elevation ; therefore the heat at this 
 height would be nearly the same as that of countries 
 29-' further from the equator ; so that its situation is 
 essentially the same as that of the principal European 
 parallel, to the species of which it is more nearly re- 
 lated than to those of its own continent. 
 
 In Asia half the species have been found. Of the 
 thirty-nine which it produces, eighteen are natives of 
 the Russian dominions and the countries adjacent. 
 Most of these are very similar to the European portion 
 of the genus, and five are common both to Europe and 
 to Asia. Of the remainder, one, which is perhaps a 
 distinct genus, has been discovered in Persia, fifteen in 
 China, and two of the latter with four others in the 
 North of India ; one of which has considerable affinity 
 to the R. moschata of Northern Africa. The Chinese 
 and Indian species have an habit entirely different from 
 the rest ; but R. sei^icea and macropliylla of Gossam 
 Than exhibit in some measure the appearance of both. 
 It is from Asia, which may indeed be called " the land 
 of the Rose," that the greatest number of novelties are 
 to be expected. With the Roses of the Crimea we are 
 entirely unacquainted, and yet they are said to grow 
 there in the most astonishing profusion. Mr. Moor- 
 croft met with small rose-bushes at Niti, in latitude 
 30° 50' N. just coming into leaf on the 9th of June ; 
 
XXX INTRODUCTION. 
 
 and there is every reason to believe that China contains 
 very many undescribcd species. 
 
 Europe has twenty-five species ; of which five sixths 
 exist between 40' and 50'. The countries bounded by 
 these parallels must therefore be considered as forming 
 their principal range. To the south of this they de- 
 crease in number much more rapidly than to the north. 
 Britain, which lies just without its northern Hmits, has 
 ten species, Denmark seven, and Holland thirteen ; 
 whilst in Spain, Portugal, and the Levant, which bear 
 nearly the same relation to it on the south, only four 
 species have been observed. Many are peculiar to cer- 
 tain districts, as j^eversa, myriacantha, hihernica, and 
 involuta ; others to countries, as the majcdis of Sweden 
 and Denmark, and gltttlnosa of the Levant. Some 
 few are only confined by the extreme limits of the 
 genus ; thus spinosisshna is common to the dreary wilds 
 of Iceland and the sultry shores of the Mediterranean ; 
 canina grows from the confines of Angermannia to the 
 most southern regions of Europe; thence extending 
 into Egypt. 
 
 In the North of Africa are two species peculiar to 
 that country ; and two others common to it and Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 Fourteen species have been found in North Ame- 
 rica, none of which except R. Montezumce and stricta 
 have much general resemblance to European Roses. 
 It is not unworthy of notice that R. laevigata of the 
 woods of Georgia is so similar to the R. sinica of China 
 as not to be immediately distinguishable from it. The 
 latter is even sold in some of the London nurseries as 
 an American Rose under the name of R. Cheroheensis. 
 
ROSA. 
 
 Calycis tubus urceolatus carnosus achenia pluriina hir- 
 suta includeiis. Receptaculum villosum. 
 
 S\TsOPSIS SPECIERUM ET VARIETATUM. 
 
 Div. I. SimpUcifoUa. Folia simplicia cxstlpulata, (Receptacu- 
 lum impube Pall. J Vel aphylla ; stipulis confluentibus. 
 
 1. R. herberifoUa. 
 
 Dlv. II. Feroces. Rami tomento perslstente vestitl. Fructus 
 nudus. 
 
 2. R. ferox, armis confertissimis insequalibus con- 
 formibus. 
 
 3. R. rugosa, armis confertissimis subeequalibus, pe- 
 
 dunculo aculeato. Tab. 19. 
 
 4. R. Kamchatka, aculeis infrastipularibus falcatis ma- 
 joribus, foliis opacis. 
 
 Div. III. BracteatcE. Rami fructusque tomento persistente ves- 
 titi. 
 
 5. R. involucrata, foliolis lanceolato-ellipticis infra to- 
 mentosis, bracteis contiguis pectinatis. 
 
 7. R. hracteata, foliolis oblongis obtusis glaberrimis, 
 
 bracteis appressis pectinatis. 
 
 i3. scabricaidis, ramis setigeris, aculeis minoribus 
 rectiusculis. 
 
 8. R. LyellU, foliolis oblongo-lanceolatis glabris, brac- 
 
 teis distantibus integris, floribus cymosis. Tab. I. 
 
xxxii SYNOPSIS SPECIERUM 
 
 Div. IV. Cinnamomcce. Setigcrae v. incrmes bracteata?. Follda 
 lanceolata eglandulosa. Discus tenuis (nequaquam incras- 
 satus). 
 
 Obs. R. alpincv ct aciadari divisionis proximal bracteae 
 quandoque adduntur : sepala auteni nunquam ante fructus 
 inaturitatem decidunt. 
 
 9. R. nifida, pumila, armis confertissimis gracilibiis, 
 
 foliolis nitidis anguste lanceolatis planis. Tab. 2. 
 
 10. R. 7^apa, elatior diffusa, rainulis inerinibus, foliolis 
 oblongis undulatis liicidis, fructu hemisphaerico. 
 
 11. R. lucida, compacta, aculeis rainorum stipnlaribiis, 
 foliolis oblongis iinbricatis planis lucidis, fructu de- 
 presso-globoso. 
 
 12. R. laxa, diffusa, ramulis vimineis subinermibus, 
 foliolis oblongis undulatis opacis glaucescentibus. 
 Tab. 3. 
 
 13. R. parviflora, pumila, stipulis linearibus : aculeis 
 acicularibus, foliolis lanceolatis glabriusculis argut^ 
 serratis, calycibus viscosis. 
 
 14. R. IVoodsii, stipulis sepalisque conniventibus, fo- 
 liolis oblongis obtusis glabris. 
 
 15. R. Carolina, stipulis convolutis, foliolis lanceolatis, 
 sepalis patentibus. Tab. 4. 
 
 /S. Jiorida, foliis impubibus tenerioribus. 
 
 16. R. hlanda, elatior, aimis deciduis, foliolis oblongis 
 planis : petiolo piloso. 
 
 17. R. Jrax'un folia, elatior, inermis, rainis strictis 
 glaucescentibus, foliolis opacis undulatis impubibus. 
 
 18. R. cirmaynoinea, elatioi* cinerea, ramis strictis, 
 aculeis stipularibus rectiusculis, stipulis dilatatis 
 undulatis, foliolis oblongis rugosis subtus tomen- 
 tosis. Tab. 5. 
 
 j3. fiuvialis, foliolis (ovatis) acutis. 
 
 19. R. taurica, elatior cinerea, aculeis sparsis debilibus, 
 ramis strictis apicem versus inermibus, foliolis ob- 
 longis rugosis subtus villosis, sepalis compositis, 
 styiis porrectis glabriusculis. 
 
 20. R. davurica, elatior ramosissima, ramis tenuibu* 
 
ET VAllIETATITM. xxxiii 
 
 coloratis, aciilcis stipiilunbiis patcntissiinis subre- 
 curvis, stipulis lineanbiis, foliolis oblongis ruj»osis 
 subtus toineiitosis aite serratis. 
 Forte R. cinnamomew varietas. 
 
 21. R. arisfata, foliolis superioribus sub-bijugis, pe- 
 tiolo in spina prodncto. 
 
 H. chmamomecv nimis propinqua. 
 
 22. R. majalis, Immilior, ceesia, raniis strictis colo- 
 ratis, aculcis spai'sis subcequalibus, stipulis lineari- 
 bus, foliolis oblongis planis subtus glaiicis tomen- 
 tosis. 
 
 /3. catiescens, foliis albido-Ctesiis. 
 
 23. R. macrophi///ci, inermis, foliis longissiniis, petiolis 
 parc^ glandulosis folioJisqiie lanceolatis subtus la- 
 natis, sepalis angustissimis petalis apiculatis longi- 
 oribus. Tab. (). 
 
 Div. V. Pimpmcll'iforui:. Setigcrne armis confertis subconformi- 
 bus, V. incrmes; ebracteata? (rarissinie bractcatte). Foliola 
 ovata, V. oblonga. Scpala connivcntia, jiersistentia. Discus 
 subnullus. 
 
 24. R. alp'ina, inermis, fructu elongato pendulo: pe- 
 dunculo hispido. 
 
 /3. pyrenaica, cah'cis tubo pedunculoque hispidulis. 
 
 y. pendiiluHi, foliolis pluribus cauleque coloratis. 
 
 ^. p'nnpinellifoUa, omnibus partibus minor. 
 
 25. R. rubella, armis confertis sequalibus, fructu elon- 
 gato pendulo. 
 
 /3. melanocarpa, fructu nigro-fusco breviore. 
 
 26. R. strlcta, ramosissima, ramulis inermibus, fructu 
 elongato pendulo. Tab. 7. 
 
 27. R. acicularis, elatior, aculeis acicularibus insequa- 
 libus, foliolis glaucis rugosis convexiusculis, fructu 
 obampullaceo cernuo. Tab. 8. 
 
 28. R. sulphnrea, stipulis linearibus apice dilatatis di- 
 varicatis, foliolis glaucis planiusculis, tubo calycis 
 lieniispliaerico. 
 
 c 
 
xxxiv SYNOPSIS SPECIERUM 
 
 29. R. lutescens, armis ramonim confertissimis iiifequa- 
 libiis joracilibus reflcxis, lamuloi-um inininns siib- 
 sequalibus, foliolis phiiiis inipubibus sinipliciter ser- 
 ratis. Tab. 9. 
 
 30. R. viminea, ramis viinineis, armis sctaceis confer- 
 tissimis rectis patentibus inaequalibus, foliolis meiu- 
 branaceis plauis impiibibus simplicitcr seri-atis. 
 
 31. R. sp'inosisstma, armis ina^qiialibus, foliolis planis 
 impiibibus sinipliciter serratis. 
 
 /3. reversa, piimila, armis gracillimis, inferioribus 
 deflexis, fructu ovato. 
 
 y. plati/carpa, pumila, fructu depresso et pedun- 
 culo setoso. 
 
 ^. pilosa, pumila foliis acutis infra pilosis. 
 
 s, turh'inata, pumila, fructu turbinate. 
 
 ^. PallasU, elatior, armis subsequalibus confertis. 
 
 Yi. rossica, elatior, aculeis longis gracillimis. 
 
 B. islandica, elatior, aculeis maximis falcatis. 
 
 /. sanguisorbifolia, elatior, foliolis 9-11 oblongis, 
 fructu depresso globoso. 
 
 32. R. grandiflora, setis ramorum nuUis, aculeis sub- 
 sequalibus distantibus, foliolis planis impubibus 
 simpliciter serratis. 
 
 33. R. nankinensis, pumila ramosissima, armis confer- 
 tissimis, foliolis acuminatis ciliato-serratis, sepalis 
 aculeatis, petalis apiculatis. 
 
 An R. Lawranceanw affinlor? 
 
 34. R. mjt/r 'meant ha, armis insequalibus : majoribus 
 pugioniformibus, foliolis glandulosis impubibus or- 
 biculatis. 
 
 35. R. involuta, armis valde insequalibus confertissimis, 
 foliolis dupl(> serratis pubescentibus, petalis convo- 
 lutis, fructu aculeato. 
 
 36. R. reversa, armis setaceis subaequalibus reflexis, 
 foliolis duplicato-serratis pubescentibus, fructu his- 
 pido. 
 
 37. R. marginata, pumila, ramis tortuosis jutiioribus 
 
ET VARIETATUM. xxxv 
 
 pruinosis, foliolis ovatis cordatis 3plo serratis gla- 
 beiTiinis, sepalis inuricatis. 
 
 38. R. Sah'nu, setis raris aculeisque insequalibus di- 
 stantibus, foliolis duplo serratis toineiitosis, sepalis 
 coinpositis. 
 
 /3. Donlana^ setis subnuUis, aculeis rectiusculis. 
 
 Div. VI. Cent'tfoluc. Setigerae, armis difFormibus; bracteatae. 
 Foliola oblonga v. ovata, rugosa. Discus incrassatus faucem 
 clauciens. Sepala composita. 
 
 39. R. damasceua, armis ina^qualibus : majoribus fal- 
 catis, sepalis reflexis, fructii elongato. 
 
 40. R. cent'ifolia, armis ina^qualibus : majoribus fal- 
 catis, foliolis glanduloso-eiliatis, floribus cernuis, 
 calyeibus viscosis, fructu oblongo. 
 
 /3. muscosa, calycibiis pedunculisque muscosis. 
 
 y. fomponia, omnibus partibus minor. 
 
 I. hiphniata, foliis bipinnatis. 
 
 41. R. gallica, armis subsequalibus conformibus debi- 
 libus, foliolis rigidis ellipticis, floribus erectis, se- 
 palis ovatis, fructu subgloboso. 
 
 /3. pwnlla, floribus simplicibus, radicibus repenti- 
 bus. 
 
 y.? arvhia, foliis iitrinque nudis. 
 
 42. R. parvijolia, nana, armis subsequalibus^ foliolis 
 rigidis ovatis acutis argut^ serratis, sepalis ovatis. 
 
 Div. VII. Villosce, Surculi stricti. Aculei rectiusculi. Foliola 
 ovata V. oblonga serraturis divergentibus. Sepala connivcntia 
 persistentia. Discus incrassatus faucem claudens. 
 
 43. R. turblnafa, calycis tubo turbinato. 
 
 44. R. vlllosa, foliolis ellipticis obtusis, fructu maximo 
 armis rigidis confertis horrido, sepalis viscosis his- 
 pidis. 
 
 45. R. tomenfosa, foliolis ovatis acutiusculis, fructii 
 hispido nudove. 
 
 a. vera, surculis arcuatis, sepalis compositis. 
 
 e 2 
 
xxxvi SYxNOPSIS SrECIERUM 
 
 (3. niollisy siirciilis strictissiiiiis, sepalis siil)siiripli- 
 cibus. 
 
 y. resinosa, piimila, CtPsia, foliolis arigiistis, floribus 
 luberriinis. 
 
 46. R. alha, foliolis oblongis <;laiicis supra iiiidiusciilis 
 Siinplicitei* serratis, sepalis rellexls, iViictu incrini. 
 
 47. R. h'lhernica, aculeis iiia^cpialibiis luiiioribiis seti- 
 formibus, foliolis ovatis acutis nutliusculis siiiipli- 
 citer serratis. 
 
 Dlv. VIII. Ruh'iginosce. Aculci ina:qiialeSj nunc setifonncs, 
 raro (an unquani?) nulli. Foliola ovata v. oblonga, glandu- 
 losa, scrraturis clivcrgcntibus. Scpala pcrsistcntia. Discus 
 incrassatus. Surculi arcuati. 
 
 48. R. liitea, aculeis rectis, foliolis planis concavis, ca- 
 lycibus subinermibus integris. 
 
 /3. punicea, floribus 2coloribus. 
 
 49. R. ruh'ighwsa, aculeis aduncis, foliolis rugosis opa- 
 cis, calycibus pedunculisque hispidis. 
 
 a. vulgaris, aculeis fortibus valde ineequalibus, 
 stylis villosiS;, fructibus ovatis v. oblongis. 
 
 (3. micrantha, aculeis ramulorum sequalioribus v. 
 iiullis, sepalis ante uiaturitatem deciduis, stylis 
 villosiusculis, fructibus oblongis vel obovatis. 
 
 . y. umhellata, inflorescentite ramulis aculeatissimis, 
 fructibus elongatis. 
 
 0.? grandijlora, foliis nudiusculis, floribus maximis, 
 fructu purpureo. 
 
 f . flexuosa, ramis valde flexuosis, foliolis suborbicu- 
 latis, bracteis deciduis, floribus subsolitariis, 
 stylis impubibus. 
 
 ^. rotundifolia, ramis flagelliforniibus, aculeis rec- 
 tiusculis tenuibus, foliolis subrotundis dupl6 
 minoribus, calycis tubo subgloboso glabro. 
 
 >j. sepium, ramis debilibus flexuosis, foliolis utrinque 
 acutis, floribus snbsolitariis, fructibus glaberri- 
 niis, sepalorum laciniis angustissimis. 
 
ET VARIETATUM. xxxvii 
 
 B. bwdora, aciileis valde aduncis siiba^qualiljus, fo- 
 liolis minus glaiululosis, sepalis ante maturita- 
 teui deciduis. 
 
 50. R. p'dvcrulenta, ramulis glandidosis, foliis utrinque 
 pruinosis : snperioribus subvcrticillatis. 
 
 51. R. ciispiddta, sepalis hispidis in cuspide lineari-lan- 
 ceolato serrato ipsis longiore productis. 
 
 52. R. glufinosa, ramulis pilosis, foliolis incanis sub- 
 orbiculatis viscosis. 
 
 53. R. Montezumw, ramis inermil)us. 
 
 Div. IX. Canince. Aculei aequales adunci. Foliola ovata eglan- 
 dulosa, serraturis conniventibus. Sepala decidua. Discus 
 incrassatus faucem claudens. Surculi majorum arcuati. 
 
 54. R. caucasea, foliolis mollibus ovatis, ovariis 50-60. 
 Tab. 2. 
 
 55. R. canina, foliolis rigidis ovatis, ovariis 20-30. 
 
 (3. aciphi/lla, pumila, foliis utrinque impubibus 
 floribusque multo minoribus. 
 
 y. wgi/pfiaca, foliolis late ovatis grosse serratis 
 utrinque impubibus, calycis tubo elongato. 
 
 ^. collina, foliolis infra v. petiolo hirsutis^ sepalis 
 pedunculisque hispidis, disco conico. 
 
 f. diunetorum, foliolis utrinque liirsutis, sepalis pe- 
 dunculisque g-labris. 
 
 ^ ccesia, foliolis coesiis utrinque pilosis, calycis tubo 
 elliptico. 
 
 56. R. ruhrifoUa, aculeis parvis distantibus, foliolis 
 ovatis ramisque glaucis opacis discoloribus^, ovariis 
 20-30. 
 
 57. R. sericea, aculeis stipularibus compressis : supe- 
 rioribus riincinatis, foliolis oblongis obtusis apice 
 serratis subtus sericeis. Tab. 12. 
 
 57*. R. mla^ophi/lla, foliolis nitidis argute serratis, ca- 
 lyce aculeis densissimis niuricato, sepalis brevibus 
 late ovatis apiculatis. 
 
xxxvili SYNOrSIS SPECIERUM 
 
 58. R. indica, foliolis ellipticis acuminatis glabris cre- 
 iiato-scrratis subtus glaucis, ovariis 40-50. 
 
 (3. odoratlssima, fnictu ovato, floribus odoratissi- 
 
 inis. 
 y. pinnila, fruticnliis, oinni parte minor. 
 I. longifoUa, foliolis lanceolatis, ramis snbinermibus. 
 
 59. 11. semper/iorens, foliolis ovato-laiiceolatis crenato- 
 serratis, ovariis 15, petalis integris. 
 
 60. R. Lawranceana, nana, foliolis ovatis acutis argnt^ 
 serratis, petalis acuminatis, ovariis 7-8. 
 
 Div. X. SyHylce. Styli in columnam elongatam cohaerentej. 
 Stipulas adnatae. 
 
 61. R. si/sti/la, snrculis assurgentibus, aculeis validis 
 aduncis. 
 
 (3. lanceolata^ foliolis ovato-lanceolatis, fructii 
 sphierico. 
 
 y. Monsn)ii(c, canle hnmiliore : florifero erecto 
 multifloro, ramis raro setigeris. 
 
 62. R. arvensis, snrculis flagelliformibus, aculeis in- 
 lequalibus falcatis, foliolis subtus glaucis. 
 
 /3. montana, pumila, fructu hispidulo. 
 
 y. hijhr'ula, snrculis crassioribns et brevioribus : 
 florifero erecto multifloro, ramis sparsim seti- 
 geris, stylis discretis. 
 
 63. R. abijssinica, snrculis scandentibus, aculeis con- 
 fertissimis falcatis, foliolis ovatis sempervirentibus, 
 calycibus peduncnlisque tomentosis. Tab. 13. 
 
 64. R. seynpervirens, sm'CuWs scandentibus, aculeis sub- 
 eeqnalibus falcatis, foliis sempervirentibus. 
 
 (3. mlcrophylla, foliolis suborbiculatis. 
 
 65. R. pros f rata, snrculis prostratis, aculeis suba?qua- 
 libus falcatis, foliis sempervirentibus, stylis glabris. 
 Praecedenti valdc affinis. 
 
 6G. R. multiflora, ramulis pedunculis calycibusque to- 
 mentosis, foliolis mollibus lanceolatis rugosis, sti- 
 pulis pectinatis. 
 
ET VARIETATUM. xxxlx 
 
 67. R. Brunnnii, ramiilis foliolis lanceolatis calyci- 
 biisqiie tomentosis c^landulosis, stipulis integris. 
 
 68. R. moschafa, ramulis iiudiusculis, foliolis cllipticis 
 aciiminatis siibtus glaucis serraturis conniventibus, 
 stipulis integris, sepalis compositis acuininatis. 
 
 /S. nudiuscula, foliolis oblongis aciitis iinpubibus, 
 petiolis pedicellis calycibusque glandLilosis. 
 
 69. R. ruhifoUa, ramulis impubibus, foliolis ovato-lan- 
 ceolatis : serraturis divaricatis, stipulis integris, se- 
 palis ovatis, fructibus pisiformibus. 
 
 /3. fenestralis, foliolis utrinque impubibus, floribus 
 subsolitariis. Tab. 15. 
 
 Dlv. XI. Banks'ianoe. Stipule subllberae, subulatse v, angus- 
 tissimae, saepius deciduae. Foliola ssepius ternata, nitida. 
 Caules scandentes. 
 
 70. R. Icevlgata, stipulis lineari-lauceolatis semiad- 
 natis, petiolis inermibus, fructibus muricatis. 
 
 71. R. sinica, stipulis setaceis deciduis, petiolis cos- 
 taque aculeatis, fructibus muricatis. Tab. 16. 
 
 72. R. reciirva, stipulis subulatis, foliolis 5-9, petiolis 
 aculeatis, fructibus muricatis. 
 
 73. R. setigera, sepalis pinnatifido-setigeris, stylis co- 
 alitis, fructibus muricatis. 
 
 74. R. hystrijc, armis ramulorum confertis : majoribus 
 falcatis, foliolis ovatis, fructibus hispido-muricatis. 
 Tab. 17. 
 
 75. R. microcarpa, floribus corymbosis, fructibus pisi- 
 formibus inermibus. Tab. 18. 
 
 76. R. Banksioe, ramis et fructibus inermibus. 
 
 Incertce sedis, 
 
 77. R. pseud-indica, indicse facie, floribus plenls luteis, 
 calycibus hirsutis ? 
 
 78. R. xantlunay spinosissimoe facie, floribus plenis sul ■ 
 phureis. 
 
II O S A. 
 
 Div. I. Simpllclf'oUa. Folia simplicia exstipulata. (Re- 
 ceptaculum impube Pall.) 
 
 1. ROSA berberifolia. 
 
 R. simplicifolia Salish. hort. allert. 359. Par ad. land. 
 101. c. Jig. Olivier voy, 5. 49. all. t. 43. 
 
 R. berberifolia. Pall, in nov. act. jtetr. 10. 379. t. 10. 
 /. 5. Willd. sp. 2. 1063. Ait. hew. ed. alt. 3. 258. 
 Smith in Rees. in /. Redout, ros. 1. 27. t. 2. 
 
 Hab. prope Amadan abund^ solo salito, Michaux (Oli- 
 vier) ; ill campis infra jugum montium Elvind, 
 (Olivier); dcserto Songarico, (Sievers). (v. s. sp. 
 herb. Banks.) 
 
 Two or three feet high, (a foot high, Olivier,) very 
 csesious. Branches slender, pubescent, covered with 
 seti3e, which disappear on the branchlets; pricMes 
 slender, falcate, with a remarkably elongated base, 
 slightly downy, sometimes compound ; placed below 
 the leaves, which are sessile, erect, simple, narrow, 
 obovate, simply toothed towards the end, densely pu- 
 l)escent, unarmed, almost veinlcss ; stipulce none ; 
 Jlowers solitary, without bractCcE, cupshaped (sweet- 
 scented, Olivier) ; tale of the calijjc downy, nearly 
 round, and covered with needle-shaped, pale, unequal 
 
 B 
 
2 ROSA BERBERIFOLIA. 
 
 prickles, extending np the sepals, which are densely 
 doM'ny and entire ; petals deep yellow with a dark 
 crimson spot at their base ; stamens few ; styles villous. 
 (^Fr///7 crowned with the sepals, pale green, depressedly 
 globose, armed with numerous unequal prickles : pe- 
 ricarps 25, oblong, blackish. Pall.) 
 
 Although Mr. Salisbury's name for this highly cu- 
 rious j)l[int was published before Pallas's, and, as Sir 
 James Smith observes, is much the best ; yet, as her- 
 herifolia has been almost universally adopted, I should 
 scarcely be justified in giving up expediency to a right 
 of priority, which, moreover, is supported only by the 
 antecedency of a few months. Its whole appearance 
 is remarkably unlike the rest of the genus. Indeed, 
 the absence of stipuloe, which cannot be metamor- 
 phosed into aculei, as has been conjectured by M. de 
 Jussieu, would almost induce us to look for a generic 
 difference ; especially if the receptacle be destitute of 
 hairs, as Pallas asserts, but which we have no means 
 of ascertaining. Perhaps, however, it is not impro- 
 bable that the whole plant may be aphyllous, supposing 
 the apparent leaves to be confluent stipulse. No other 
 Rose has compound aculei. 
 
 Certain districts in the North of Persia and the de- 
 sert of Songari in Chinese Tartary are the only stations 
 recorded as producing the present lovely plant. It was 
 found by Olivier covering the plains near Amadan, and 
 in many other places in the same neighbourhood. If 
 we may judge from the fine figure of M. Redoute, 
 French gardeners must have the art of managing it 
 much more successfully than our own. Possibly the 
 soil in which it grows wild being salt may afford a hint 
 to those who may again have an opportunity of culti- 
 rating it. It flowers in the spring. 
 
ROSA FEUOX. 
 
 Div. II. Feroces. Rami tomento persistentc vestiti. 
 
 Friictus nudus. 
 
 Plants with these characters form a very small but strictly 
 natural assemblage. They are low shrubs, losing their leaves 
 early in the autumn, and are then remarkable for thick hoary 
 branches bristly with numerous prickles. Their fruit, which 
 never has any pubescence, readily distinguishes them from the 
 next, in which the down is very conspicuous. 
 
 2. ROSA ferox. 
 
 R. armis confertissimis inseqiialibus conforinibus. 
 
 R. ferox. Lawr. roses, t. 42. Br! in Ait. l:ew. ed. alt. 
 3. 262. Smith in Rees in I. Lindley in Edwards s 
 
 Reg. t. 420. 
 
 R. Kamcbatica Redout. Roses. 1, 47. t. 12. 
 Ilab. in Caucaso, (Aiton.) (v. v. cult.) 
 
 Four or five feet high. Branched dovrny, procum- 
 bent, covered all over with unequal rigid, straigbtish, 
 pale, pubescent prickles and a few setse. Leaves shin- 
 ing, bright green, rugose ; stipulce large, dilated up- 
 wards, downy, curled at the edge and glandular, naked 
 above; petioles downy, with a few setae and prickles; 
 the latter yellow, slender and nearly straight ; leaflets 
 5-9 elliptic, retuse, simply (seldom doubly) serrated, 
 naked above, iiairy beneath and paler ; their veins un- 
 usually close. Floivers large, red, solitary; bractem 
 none, or large, nearly orbicular, pilose, serrated, fringed 
 with glands; peduncle downy; tube of the calyx obo- 
 vate, naked; sepals narrow, triangular, sometimes dis- 
 posed to become compound, downy ; petals obcordate, 
 concave, crumpled; stamens 150-185; disk little ele- 
 vated; ovaria 50-60; styles villous, distinct, a little 
 exserted. Fruit globose, scarlet, covered with a dcli- 
 
 B 2 
 
4 ROSA FEROX. 
 
 cate bloom : upper part of the peduncle naked : perl- 
 carps pale yellow, hairy. 
 
 The hedgehog Rose, by which name this is known 
 in the gardens, seems to have been first noticed by 
 Miss Lawrance, who probably obtained it from the 
 very extensive collection of Messrs. Lee and Kennedy ; 
 for by those indefatig^able cultivators it was first intro- 
 duced. 
 
 M. Thory has strangely confounded it with JR. 
 hamchatica, which he considers has been brought to be 
 R. ferox by cultivation. How improbable is such a 
 change must be sufficiently evident to any one who has 
 carefully seen the two in a living state. Besides the 
 distinction in the arms on which their specific character 
 is founded, I may add that R. hamchatica is a taller 
 plant than R. ferox; its leaves are opaque, not shining, 
 smaller, and with a different outline, changing colour 
 and falling off in the very beginning of autumn, long 
 before those of R. ferox are withered; its fruit is also 
 smaller and shorter than the sepals, which do not ap- 
 pear to have any disposition to become compound. In 
 R. ferox, on the contrary, the calyx is more fre- 
 quently compound than otherwise ; in more than one 
 instance I have observed the segments so much divided 
 that two were perfect leaves ; the others becoming less 
 obviously so in the order of the old distich. 
 
 If kept in a vigorous state by close pruning, this 
 plant is very beautiful, on account of its fine, showy, 
 crimson blossoms, which appear before those of the 
 more common and fragrant species. 
 
{^ 
 
 ^'•i.^:»M^ dii: .^W ^-/.«^^w.«y l/0^^x,Md^ /d'^ff ^ffif a^^ d4k^J 
 
ROSA RUGOSA. 
 
 3. ROSA rugosa. 
 
 R. arinis confertissimis siiboequalibus, pedunculo acu- 
 Icato. 
 
 R. rugosa Thunh. jap. p. 213. ff^illd. sp. 2. 1070. 
 Pers. syn. 2. 48. Smith in Rees in loc, 
 
 Ramanas Japonorum. Thunh. 
 
 Vamanas ? Icones Japonens. in hihl. BanJis. 
 
 Hab. in Japonia (Thunb.) 
 
 Known only from the account of Thunberg, whose 
 description contains very little to distinguish this from 
 R. f'erox or kamchatica. He says it is called Ramanas 
 by the natives of Japan. 
 
 In the collection of Japanese drawings in Sir Joseph 
 Banks's library is the figure of a Rose marked Vamanas, 
 which answers tolerably to Thunberg's description, and, 
 as the resemblance of the names seeais to indicate, 
 is probably the very same. Its branches are slender 
 (downy Th.) armed with very dense, straight, nearly 
 equal (unequal Tli.) prickles ; stipules (none in the 
 figure) ; petioles (downy Th.) with several straightish, 
 scattered prickles; leaflets 5-9, ovate, very rugose, 
 simply serrated, obtuse (with an acumen, downy be- 
 neath Th.), veins very close. Flowers solitary; hractece 
 none; peduncle (downy Th.) beset with several straight, 
 short, scattered prickles, which are verticillate and 
 larger at its base; tube of the calyx (globose Th.) 
 ovate, naked; sepals reflexed (hairy Th.) entire, very 
 narrow, — two with a dilated, foliaceous, serrated end; 
 petals spreading emarginate. 
 
 Supposing this to be Thunberg's plant, which we 
 can scarcely doubt, it will be easily distinguished from 
 its nearest allies by the numerous leaflets, nearly equal 
 prickles of the stem, and curved prickles of the pe- 
 duncle, which last are remarkable for their form, as 
 being situated on a part where they are usually slender, 
 straight and mixed with set^e in other species. 
 
ROSA KAMCHATICA. 
 
 4. ROSA kamcluitica. 
 
 R. aculeis infrastipularibus falcatis rnajoribus, foliis 
 
 opacis. 
 R. kamchatica Vent. Cels. t. 67. Ait! hew. ed. alt. 3. 
 
 259. Pers. syn. 2. 47. Smith ! in Rees in loc. 
 
 Lindley in Edwards's Reg. t. 419. 
 
 Hab. in Kamtchatkoe locis siccis saxosis, Nelson, (v. v. 
 cult, et s. sp. herb. Banks.) 
 
 Three or four feet high, with nearly the habit of 
 R. ferojc. Branches downy, pale brown, procumbent, 
 beset with pubescent prickles and setae, when okl fre- 
 quently naked; pricJdes under the stipuloe large, fal- 
 cate, spreading, two or three together; the interme- 
 diate ones much smaller. Leaves gray, opaque; stipulcB 
 large, much dilated upwards, rather haiiy, curled at 
 the edge and here and there fringed with glands; pe- 
 tioles dowmy, unarmed; leaflets 5-9, obovate, blunt, 
 deeply and simply serrated, the teeth callous at the 
 end, naked above, hairy and paler beneath. Flowers 
 solitary, deep red; bractece elliptical, nearly naked; 
 peduncle hairy at the base, purple ; tube of the calyx 
 globose, naked; sepals very narrow, downy, and spa- 
 ringly glandular, a little dilated at the end, longer 
 than the petals, which are obcordate, sometimes apicu- 
 late; stamens l(iO-\70; c?m-/c a little elevated, more evi- 
 dent than in R.ferox; ovariabO; styles villous, dis- 
 tinct, a little exserted. Fruit spherical, scarlet, less 
 than in R. ferox; as are the pericarps, which are small, 
 shining, with an even surface. 
 
 This has usually been considered of somewhat re- 
 cent introduction to the gardens of Europe; but it is 
 certain that the period of its arrival may be fixed at 
 somewhat beyond the middle of the last century. Sir 
 James Smith possesses a specimen of it gathered in the 
 
ROSA KAMCHATICA. V 
 
 botanic garden at Chelsea in 1791; and in the Lin- 
 nean herbarium are seedling- plants marked China^ 
 which I have no hesitation in pronouncing to be the 
 present plant. To INI. Ventenat however must be given 
 the credit of having first made it known in his Jardin 
 (In Cels. It flowers most part of the summer at irre- 
 gular intervals. The only spontaneous specimens I have 
 seen are in the magnificent herbarium of Sir Joseph 
 Banks. They were collected by Nelson in Captain 
 Cook's last voyage, and differ from the cultivated plant 
 in having more ovate and numerous leaflets, smaller 
 flowers, and less dissimilarity in the form of the prickles. 
 
 Div. III. Bracteatce. Rami fructusque tomento persis- 
 
 tente vestiti. 
 
 This section, which probably extends across the continent of 
 Asia, from Nepal to China, is readily distinguished from the 
 preceding by the thick woolliness of its fruit, a peculiarity en- 
 tirely confined to itself. Its leaves are very dense, usually shin- 
 ing, and the prickles are placed under the stipulae in pairs : the 
 species which compose it may be considered to have their organs 
 of fructification in the highest state of developement in the genus. 
 The stamens vary from 350 to 400, and the ovaries from 140 to 
 170; the former being t^v^ce and the latter three times as nume- 
 rous as in the last section, which perhaps holds the next rank in 
 the scale of developement 
 
nOSA INVOI.UCIIATA. 
 
 6. ROSA involucrata. 
 
 R. foliolis lanceolato-ellipticis infra tomentosis, bracteis 
 contiguis pectinatis. 
 
 R. involucrata Roxh. fl. hid. ined. 
 
 R. palustris Buchatiani MSS. 
 
 Hab. in Nepalia, Buchanan ; Bengalia tempore fer- 
 vido ineunte florifera, pluvioso fructifera, Roxb. 
 MSS.; Chinaj ic. Sinens. (v. v. cult, et s. sp. herb. 
 Lamb. J 
 
 Branches pale brown, flexuose, covered with very 
 soft down ; prickles generally naked, with a long base, 
 bright brown, pointing upwards, placed by pairs under 
 the stipulw, which are nearly distinct, downy, and di- 
 vided at the margin into several capillary compound 
 segments, here and there fringed with glands ; on vi- 
 gorous rootshoots they are united half way, and then 
 the part which is disengaged frequently extends into a 
 small pinnate leaf ; petioles s\eni]ev, downy, with a few 
 small prickles ; leajlets 3-9, elliptic lanceolate, obtuse, 
 bluntly serrated, dull green, naked above, downy 
 (rarely naked) and paler beneath. Flowers white, sub- 
 solitary, surrounded by three or four approximated 
 leaves ; bractece pectinate, woolly, as are the short pe- 
 duncle, globose tube of the calyx, and spreading entire 
 sepals; petals emarginate, longer than the last; dii>k 
 long, large and thickened ; styles villous, a little ex- 
 serted. 
 
 For an opportunity of examining spontaneous speci- 
 mens of this new species I am indebted to Mr. Lam- 
 bert; they were collected in Nepal by Dr. Buchanan, 
 and from the ticket attached to them, probably in 
 marshy situations. Of this however no mention is 
 made by Dr. Roxburgh, by whom in his manuscript 
 Flora Indica a detailed account of the species is given 
 with the name here adopted. It has recently been im- 
 
ROSA MICROniYLLA. 9 
 
 portccl fcom the East Indies by Messrs. Whitley and 
 Co. of Fulliani, in vvliose fine collection I have seen it 
 growing- vigorously, and it proves an highly desirable 
 addition to our gardens. It cannot possibly be con- 
 founded except with 11, hracteata or jnicrophijlla, from 
 botli which its dull narrow leaves, hoary l)eneath, and 
 long slender shoots, distinguish it sufficiently; besides, 
 the bractete are at a little distance from the flowers. 
 From a figure in a collection of Chinese drawings 
 in the possession of Mr. Cattley it appears to be a na- 
 tive of China as well as India. 
 
 G. ROSA microphylla. 
 
 R. foliolis ovatis minoribus, bracteis appressis pecti- 
 natis, fructu aculeato. 
 
 R. microphylla Roxh ! fi. ind. hied. 
 
 rioi-tong-hong Shiens'ium. 
 
 Hal), in China, RoxJmrgh. (v. plct. icon'ihus Sinens. 
 bihl. eel. Colebrooke.) 
 
 Apparently a smaller phmt than R. hracteata, from 
 whicli it differs in having prickly fruit, and ovate, ob- 
 tuse leaves. As I am scarcely acquainted with it ex- 
 cept from a drawing in the possession of Mr. Cole- 
 brooke, it is not possible nor indeed advisable to draw 
 lip a detailed description. Specimens however may 
 probably exist among the unarranged pkmts in the 
 herbaria of this country, and may aff^ord materials for 
 a com])lete account of it at some future time. Its 
 flowers are double and of a very delicate blush colour, 
 so that in a living state it must be a charming plant. 
 I have seen some fragments of a Rose nearly allied to 
 the Macartney, obtained from a plant in the collection 
 of the Right Honourable Lord Suffield at lilickiing. 
 
 &3 
 
 c 
 
10 ROSA RKACTEATA. 
 
 Norfolk, the flowers of which are reported to be small 
 ami double. This therefore is very likely to be our 
 plant, and if so, there can be no doubt, from the 
 well-known liberality of its noble proprietor, that it 
 will soon find its way into general notice. 
 
 7. ROSA bracteata. 
 
 R. foliolis oblongis obtusis glaberrimis, bracteis ap- 
 pressis pectinatis. 
 
 R. bracteata JVendl. ohs. p. 50. hort. herrenhus. 7. t. 
 22. f'^eiit. eels. f. 28. Redout, ros. 1. 35. t. 6. 
 
 R. Incida Lawr. ros. t. 84. 
 
 R. Macartnea Dumont-Coiws. hot. cult, fide Redouts. 
 
 (3 scahrkaulis, raniis setigeris, aculeis minoribus rec- 
 tinsculis. 
 
 R. bracteata Mmich meth. suppl. 290. Jacq. fragm. 
 30. t. 34. f. 2. Curt. mag. 1377. Smith in Rees 
 in l. 
 
 Hab. in Bootan, Roxb; ,3 in Chinae provincia Tche- 
 tchiang, Staunton, (v. v. c. et s. sp. herb. Banks.) 
 
 A compact dark green shrub. Branches erect, 
 stout, downy ; pricMes hooked, very strong, placed by 
 pairs under the stipuloe, somewhat downy. Stipulce 
 nearly distinct, pilose, pectinate : segments capillary, 
 the uppermost sometimes dilated and extending into a 
 small pinnate leaf; petioles almost naked, with a few 
 small, strong, hooked prickles ; leaflets 5-9, crenate, 
 obovate, flat, shining, blnnt, naked on both sides, dark 
 green above, paler beneath; their veins inconspicuous. 
 Flowers showy, pure white, solitary, nearly sessile in 
 
ROSA BRACTEATA. 11 
 
 the midst of several ovate, imhricated, downy hracteas, 
 finely pectinate at the edge ; tube of the cab/x and se- 
 pa/s, which are nearly simple, woolly on the outside ; 
 petals large, obovate ; disk mucli thickened, nearly 
 flat; sfinnens'SoO-iOi); ovaria \40-\70; .v(///e.s- distinct, 
 naked. Fruit spherical, orange red, covered all over 
 with woolliness ; pei^icarps brownish, wrinkled, im- 
 mersed in the unusually copious hairs of the receptacle. 
 
 This plant, although a native of China and the 
 northern provinces of India, is nevertheless tolerably 
 hardy in our gardens, producing its tine milk-white 
 flowers in profusion during the greater part of the sum- 
 mer. For ripe fruit I am indebted to Air. Lyell. 
 
 For the present I have thought it better not to con- 
 sider var. /3 as a distinct species; but it is probable that, 
 bv future observation, its characters mav be found suf- 
 ficient to entitle it to a place by itself. In general ap- 
 pearance, it is similar to the plant described and figured 
 by Wendland ; yet when the two grow side by side, 
 their aspect presents several marks of difference. The 
 variety /3 is nmch less than the other; it forms a more 
 compact bush ; the prickles are nearly sti'aight, not 
 strong and hooked; the stem is covered with setoe, of 
 which there are no traces on the other. This last cha- 
 racter is of the most importance, because when setae 
 are produced accidentally, they usually are occasioned 
 by excessive luxuriance, and therefore ought to be 
 found on the stronger plant of the two, and not on the 
 weaker, as is the case here. I am not disposed to lay 
 much stress upon their different habitats , because, as I 
 have already observed, it is probable that the present 
 group extends across the continent of Asia in certain 
 latitudes. 
 
 2 
 
12 ROSA LYELLII. 
 
 8. ROSA Lycllii. Tab. 1, 
 
 U. foliolis oblongo-lanceolatis glabris, bracteis distanti- 
 bus integris, tioribus cyinosis. 
 
 Hab. in Nepalia ; tValiich. (v. s. sp. herb. Banks.) 
 
 Amiclss'nno Carolo Lyellio Arm., Botunices iruUgciice 
 •prcvcipue cn/ptngarniccv peritissimo, susceptique nos- 
 tri Jautori acerr'uno, d/cafa. 
 
 A small shrub witli the appearance of R. hracteala. 
 Branches densely villous, without setoe; prkldes placed 
 by pairs under the stipulse, straight. Leaves dense, 
 sj)reading, longer than the joints of the stem ; stipulce 
 villous, adhering, divided at the edge into many very 
 narrow segments, sparingly fringed with glands; pe- 
 tioles downy, armed with a few small, hooked prickles ; 
 leaflets 7, oblong-lanceolate, very shining, simply ser- 
 rated, naked on both sides, except the midrib beneath, 
 which is downy. Flowers cymose ; hractecv at some 
 distance from the calyx, linear, erect, hoary, entire ; 
 pedicels hoary, elongated, glandular ; tube of the calyx 
 and srpals, which are nearly simple, and shorter than 
 the petals, woolly. Petals and other parts of the fruc- 
 tification appear to be the same as those of R. brae- 
 teata. 
 
 I have great pleasure in having an opportunity of 
 giving so fine a species as this, to my excellent friend 
 Mr. Lyell, whose extensive knowledge of the genus 
 and liberality in communicating it, highly entitle him 
 to such a distinction. 
 
 It has been recently sent from Nepal with a very 
 extensive collection of ecjually interesting plants to Sir 
 Joseph Banks, !)y Dr. Wallich. The entire narrow 
 bracteee, at a considerable distance from the ilowers, 
 at once distinguish it from the rest of the division, with 
 the characters of which it does not otherwise disagree. 
 
y,'/ / 
 
 .tf/ 
 
 ,%- r/w 
 
 ?~= ~. %' - ^" 
 
.:f^,. 
 
 ^ ly J:Ju.d^j,ay //.7^ 
 
.>',,/ ■■ 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 /■ .'^// 
 
 i'7^/>fi.y 'yC^^K^xt tt<-., 
 
nOSA NITIDA. 13 
 
 Div. IV. CinnamomecE. Setieeroe v. inermes, bracteatae. 
 
 Foliola lanceolata eo-laiululosa. Discus tenuis 
 
 -■& 
 
 (nequaquam iiicrassatus). 
 
 This section is particularly cristingulshed by its long, lanceo- 
 late leaves without glands; ii])right shoots and compact habit; red 
 flowers which are never solitary except by abortion, and conse- 
 ([uently always supported by bractese ; an inconspicuous disk but 
 little thickened ; round small red fruit losing their long narrow se- 
 pals immediately after ripening; and small smooth shining peri- 
 carps. The shoots are usually setigcrous next the ground, but 
 rarely so towards the extremities, except in one or two instances. 
 
 Obs. R. alp'ina and acicxdaris^ of the next division, sometimes 
 have bracteae, but their sepals never fall off till the fruit is de- 
 cayed. 
 
 9. ROSA nitida. Tab. 2. 
 
 R. puinila, arm is confertissimis gracilibus, foliolis ni- 
 tidis anguste lanceolatis planis. 
 
 R. nitida W'dld. enum. 544. Pursh am. septr. 1 «. 3 ? 
 Smith in Rees in I. 
 
 R. rubrispina Bosc. diet, cragr. p. 246 ? 
 
 R. blanda Pursh ! I. c. n. 1. et in suppl. 
 
 R. Redutea rubescens Redout, ros. 1. 103. t. 3(3. 
 
 Hab. in Terra nova, herh. Banks, (v. v. c. et s. sp. herb. 
 Banks.) 
 
 A low reddish bush. Branches erect, much divided, 
 covered all over with very numerous slender prickles, 
 unequal in size and interspersed with setae. Leaves 
 veiy shining, dark green, changing to purple in the 
 autumn ; sfipuhv llattish, naked, fringed with glands, 
 entire or a little toothed, ovate at the end ; petioles 
 
U ROSA NITIDA. 
 
 slender, naked ; leaflets 3-7, narrow lanceolate, naked, 
 simply serrated, tlieir veins inconspicuous. Cymes 
 one or few flowered ; hracfecc j)olished, ovato-lanceo- 
 late, waved, revolutc ; floicer-stalhs covered with nearly- 
 equal setcG ; tube of the cab/x setose, spherical or nearly 
 so ; sepals very narrow, shorter than the petals, without 
 setose and downy. Petals ohcordate, very red and 
 brilliant, concave, nearly erect ; staniens \00-}'S0 -, disk 
 a little thickened and flattened. Ovaria 30-35 ; sti/les 
 disengaged, villous, included. Fruit bright scarlet, 
 depressedly spherical, somewhat hispid. 
 
 A pretty little species, with very bright red, cup- 
 shaped flowers, widely different from R. hlanda, with 
 which Pursh certainly confounded it ; for it was from 
 an inspection of this growing in Mr. Sabine's garden 
 that he altered the specific character of hlanda in his 
 supplement. Possibly he meant something else by ni- 
 t'tda, but what that was there are unfortunately no 
 materials for determining. It is commonly called the 
 dw^arf Labrador Rose in the gardens. Miss Lawrance's 
 t. 27 seems to be a miserable figure of this, and yet 
 the learned author of the monograph in Rees's Cyclo- 
 psedia cites it to hlanda, following the second edition 
 of Hortus Kewensis. R. ruhrisphia of M. Bosc I have 
 little doubt in referring here ; and R. Redutea ruhescens 
 of Redoute is certainly our plant ; what resemblance 
 there can be between it and the original R. Redutea I 
 am quite at a loss to discover. 
 
ROSA RAPA. 15 
 
 10. ROSA rapa. 
 
 R. elatior diffusa, ramiilis inermibus, foliolis oblongis 
 undulatis hicidis, fi-iictu hemisphserico. 
 
 R. rapa Bosc. diet. (Tagr. De.sf'. cat. hort. par. 273. 
 Poir enc. suppl. Redout. Roses. \. 7. t. 2. Promv, 
 nomencl. 27. 
 
 R. turgida Pers. syn. 2. 49. 
 
 R. fraxinifolia Dumont-Cours. hot. cult, fide Poir. 
 
 Hab. in Americee septentrionalis provinciis calidioribus 
 Eraser, (v. v. cult, et s. sp.J 
 
 A taller bnsb than R. lucida with a more straggling 
 habit. Branches red, either unarmed, or furnished 
 with a few weak, pale, setiform prickles, now and then 
 decreasing- into setae ; rootshoots very red, densely co- 
 vered with very unequal, scattered, crimson prickles: 
 of these the largest are compressed and falcate, as 
 they decrease in size becoming gradually straighter till 
 they change into setee. Leaves distant, tinged with 
 red, which becomes darker in the autumn ; stipuhe 
 naked, flat, waved, either narrow or much dilated, 
 finely toothed ; petioles armed with a few short, straight 
 prickles, glands being here and there intermixed ; 
 leaflets 3-9, simply or doubly serrated, undulated, en- 
 tirely free from pubescence. Cymes many-flowered, 
 overtopped by the young shoots ; bractece ovate lan- 
 ceolate, with a point, naked, finely toothed, large and 
 spreading ; Jioicerstalks rough with setee and glands : 
 tube of the calyx cyathiform, at the bottom rough like 
 the stalks ; sepals compound, with a foliaceous end, 
 longer than the petals, hispid without ; petals always 
 multiplied, bright red, smaller than those of R. lucida ; 
 disk nearly oliliterated. Fruit deep red, crowned by 
 the reflexed sepals, round, with a very wide mouth 
 which is filled up by the densely villous styles. 
 
16 ROSA RAPA. 
 
 A very liandsome species with luimcrous double red 
 flowei's. It was first distinguished by Bosc in the Dic- 
 tion naire d'Agricnlture, but l)y S(une mistake called a 
 native of Scotland, which has been copied by every 
 successive French author. Redoute's figure is of a 
 much greener colour than I have ever seen it in any 
 state. I possess specimens gathered in the Southern 
 states of North America by Mr. J. Fraser, and I am 
 obliged to Mr. Robert Sweet for fine fruit, Avhich is 
 very rarely produced. 
 
 This is a j)lant with which I have been long ac- 
 quainted, and I can by no means assent to the opinion 
 that it is a variety of R. liicida. Doubtless they must 
 be placed next each other in a natural disposition of 
 the genus, but otherwise they are as distinct as species 
 can be. R. luchla is a compact bush with dense, stiff 
 leaves, and armed with prickles under the stipukt^ ; its 
 flowers sit close among the leaves, and the mouth of the 
 fruit is by no means wide ; the sepals also converge. 
 This, on the contrary, is a naked straggling brier, with 
 scarcely a vestige of prickles on the shoots ; its flowers 
 are on long stalks, the mouth of the fruit is so wide that 
 the fruit itself is nearly hemispherical, and the sepals 
 are reflexed. 
 
ROSA LUCIDA. 17 
 
 11. ROSA lucida. 
 
 R. compacta, aculeis ramiilorum stipiilaribus, follolis 
 oblong-is iinbricatis planis lucidis, fruetu depresso- 
 globoso. 
 
 R. Carolina fragrans foliis medioteni^s serratis Dill, 
 elt/i. 325. t. 245./. 316. 
 
 R. rubra lucida Ross. ros. t. 7. &; t. 25. f. 1. 
 
 R. lucida Ehr. heifr. 4. 22. IVilld. sp. 2. 1068. 
 Munch, meth. 687. Jacq. fragrn. 71. t. 107./ 3. 
 Pers. syn. 1. 48. Pursh! am. septr. n. 4. Smith! 
 in Rees in loc. Redout 4 ros. 1. 45. ^.11. 
 
 Hab. in America septentrional! a Noveboraco in Caro- 
 linam usque, (Pursh) ; juxta Boston in aquosis et 
 ad margines paludum, Bigelow (v. v. c. et s. sp, 
 herb. Smith) . 
 
 A compact bush, from four to six feet high ; some- 
 times mucli smaller. Branches erect, reddish brown, 
 shining, with nearly solitary slender prickles under the 
 stipulse, and a few setae scattered here and there ; the 
 rootshoots sometimes very setigerous on their lower 
 half, but like the branches on their upper. Leaves 
 very close, spreading irregularly ; stipulie without pu- 
 bescence, flat, shining, rigid, waved, their edge mi- 
 nutely toothed, the teeth sometimes tipped with a 
 gland ; petioles either naked or a little downy beneath, 
 armed with a few short, stout prickles ; leaflets nine, 
 ovate-lanceolate, naked on both sides, very near each 
 other, waved, simply and coarsely serrated, very un- 
 equal, the lowest pair frequently very small. Flowers 
 overtopped by the leaves and the new branchlets, very 
 red, several together ; bractew concave, revolute at the 
 edge, ovate-lanceolate, pointed, naked on both sides, 
 finely toothed, the serratures tipped with a gland ; 
 flower-stalks nearly naked, not much longer than the 
 
 D 
 
]& ROSA T.AXA. 
 
 fruit; fiihc of fhe cah/x ])rist!y, dcprcssetlly globose; 
 sepals simple, ovate with a loiin^ point, hairy and bristly 
 on the ontside; petals obovate, einarginate, a little 
 longer than tlie se|)als ; rZ/.v/.- flattened, not very thiek ; 
 receptacle frecjiiently elevated in the eentre; sfj/les ex- 
 trenK^y viMons, l)ut little exserted. Fruit depressedly 
 globose, nearly naked, bright red. 
 
 Not uncommon in gardens, producing its fine red 
 blossoms early in the autumn. The diiferences between 
 this and the last liave been already indicated. From 
 /?. Carolina and la.ra its shining leaves immediately dis- 
 tinguish it. The learned president of the Linutcan so- 
 ciety can scarcely have been well acquainted with the 
 plant before us, or he would not have excluded the re- 
 ference to Dillenius's figure, which is a good repre- 
 sentation of it, nor have quoted Miss Lawi-ance's /. 75, 
 the R. alpina (3 of Aiton, which is undoubtedly Jac- 
 quin's R. blanda and my R. Jhuini folia. Yet fine 
 wild specimens from Bigelow are in his herbarinm, and 
 from their ticket it a])pears tliat the species is common 
 in marshy situations in North America. 
 
 12. RQSA laxa. Tab. .S. 
 
 R. diffasa, ramulis vimineis subinermibus, foliolis ob- 
 longis undulatis opacis glaucescentibus. 
 
 R. Carolina s Ait. hew. ed. alt. 3. 260. 
 
 R. earolina pimpinellifolia Andrews s 7H)ses? 
 
 Hab. in America septentrionali (v. v. cult.) 
 
 A spreading shrub with reddish brown, shining, 
 wiry branches wdiich have straightish pricldes under 
 thestipulie; the hranchlets are usually unarmed ; the 
 ruotshuuts covered all over tlieir lower half with nume-r 
 
.%/ .J 
 
 Ji^^j •<*. 
 
ROSA LAX A. 19 
 
 roiis, slender prickles, and a few setffi intermingled. 
 Leaves not shining, tliickset ; .stipules narrow, bmader 
 towards tiieir end, where tliey are recurved, naked ex- 
 cept at the margin, which is glanchdar ; petioles (Xowny, 
 reddish-green, furnished with weak prickles, seta^ and 
 glands ; leaflets l-\), elliptic-lanceolate, glaucous, na- 
 ked, waved, with inconspicuous veins. Flowers rose- 
 coloured, growing usually in pairs; ^rac/ea? ovate and 
 fringed, otherwise naked; flower-stalks glandular; 
 tube of the cali/x spherical, armed with some seta.» ; se- 
 pals triangular, lanceolate, nearly entire, a little dilated 
 at the end, shorter than the petals, hairy, glandular 
 and setigerous on the outside, especially at the base ; 
 petals flat ; disk almost obliterated. Fruit unknown. 
 
 Frequently cultivated under the name of the spread- 
 inof Carolina Rose. It is not however with 7?. Carolina 
 that it can be confounded, since its whole habit, glau- 
 cous leaves, and open stipulie, permanently distinguish 
 it. R. lucida is much more nearly allied to it ; they 
 differing chiefly in the following respects, but as it 
 seems sufficientlv. The stron":est rootshoots of R. laxa 
 have scarcely any prickles, its branches are much more 
 spreading and slender, very often unarmed, the leaves 
 never shine and are always remarkable for their glau- 
 cous hue ; there seems to be no disposition to produce 
 fruit in this, while R. lucida bears it abundantly. 
 Their period of flowering is also different ; that of lu- 
 cida being in the autumn, of laxa early in the summer. 
 I have never seen wild specimens, but there can be no 
 doubt of its native country. It is very uncertain whe- 
 ther Miss Lawrance's spreading Carolina be this or not. 
 
 D 2 
 
20 llOSA PAllVIFLORA. 
 
 13. ROSA parviflora. 
 
 R. pnniila, stipiilis linearibus : aciileis acicularibus, 
 foliolis lanccolatis glabriusciilis argut^ serratis, ca- 
 lycibus viscosis. 
 
 R. Carolina Du Roi harhh, 2. 354. Sm. Insects of 
 Geonria 1. 49. t. 25? 
 
 R. huiiiilis Marsh. Arh. 130. 
 
 R. pai-vifloi-a Ehr. beltr. 4. 21. JVllld. sp. 2. 1068. 
 Pers. syn. 2. 48. Ptirsh. am. septr. ii. 2. Smith 
 in Rees in Inc. P 
 
 R. caroliniana Michaux. horeaU-am. 1. 295. 
 
 The Pennsylvanian Rose. Lawr. Ros. ft. 3 «Sf G6. 
 
 R. Carolina y and S Ait. hew. ed. alt. S. 260. 
 
 Ilab. in colliiim declivibus Noveboraco Carolinse, 
 (Pursh). (v. V. cult.) 
 
 A very low, weak, spreading species. Rootshoots 
 with a few setae which quickly disappear ; branches 
 slender, reddish-brown, armed with a pair of needle- 
 shaped prichles under the stipuhe ; these arc quite 
 naked, very narrow, a little incurved, with a small flat 
 extremity which divaricates; petioles naked; leaflets 
 usually 5, somewhat shining, lanceolate, pointed, sim- 
 ply and finely toothed, their veins inconspicuous, a 
 little hairy on the rib beneath. Flowers pale blush 
 usually growing by pairs; hracteoj ovate, concave, 
 pointed, somewhat hairy ; peduncles covered with 
 glands and setae, like the tube of the calyx, which is 
 round and small; sepals ovate with a very narrow 
 point, nearly simple, their edge cottony, back clammy 
 and glandular. Petals very numerous in the double 
 variety, which is the most common, and which is the 
 only one I have had an opportunity of examining. 
 
 The double Pennsylvanian Rose is by far the hand- 
 somest of the North American species, and does not 
 
ROSA WOODSII. '21 
 
 yield in beauty to the most splendid varieties of gallica. 
 its elegant unexpanding blossoms of the most delicate 
 pink and its dwarf compact habit have made it an 
 universal favourite, notwithstanding the difficulty of 
 cultivating and especially of propagating it. I have 
 seen it succeed best in such soil as American plants are 
 in general found to require. Ehrhart, with liis usual 
 accuracy, was the first to point out the peculiarities 
 which distinguish it from R. Carolina and lucida. I 
 unfortunately neglected to preserve any notes of the 
 R. parvijiora from Muhlenberg in Sir James Smith's 
 herbarium; but from his observations I cannot help 
 thinking they must be of R. lucida ; especially as he 
 quotes Miss Lawrance's figures under R. Carolina, 
 which would scarcely have been the case had the 
 true plant been before him. And yet the R. Carolina 
 of Sm. Insects of Georgia is very likely to be this, as 
 was first noticed in Rees's Cyclopsedia. I am obliged 
 to M. Achille Richard for an ample description of R. 
 caroUniana of Michaux's herbarium, which confirms 
 the propriety of referring it hither. In Mr. Lambert's 
 collection is a garden specimen with almost linear 
 leaves. 
 
 14. ROSA Woodsii. 
 
 R. stipulis sepalisque conniventibus, foliolis oblongis ob- 
 tusis glabris. 
 
 R. lutea nigra Promv. noinencl. 24. 
 
 Hab. juxta flumen Missouri Americee septentrionalis 
 (v. V. c. hort. Sabine.) 
 
 In honoreni eel. Josephi Woods qui primus veris Ro- 
 sarum characteribus ad species distinguendas usus 
 est. 
 
 A low shrub with upright, dull, dark branches, 
 having very numerous, straight, slender, scattered 
 
%% ROSA WOODSII. 
 
 p7'Icl-Ies, with a few setoe at their base, tlie former be- 
 coming stipulary towards the extremities ; hranchlets 
 often unarmed. Leaves without pubescence ; stipules 
 very narrow and acute, convobite and frin<z:ed with 
 glands ; stdlJis armed witli straii^ht unequal prickles ; 
 leaflets 7-9, shajied like those of R. rubella, shining;, 
 flat, simply serrated, paler beneath. Flowers pink, 
 appearing- in the spring. Fruit naked, ovate, with 
 short, connivent, entire sepals which are free from 
 glands as is the peduncle. 
 
 As it is scarcely probal)le that any new British rose 
 will be detected, worthy of bearing the name of Mr. 
 Woods, of whose high merit I have already had occa- 
 sion to speak, the present species has been selected by 
 Mr. Sabine and myself for that purpose. That it is 
 essentially distinct from every other is very evident 
 even from the incomplete account I have been able to 
 give of it. I first saw it growing in Mr. Sabine's gar- 
 den at North Mimms late in the month of November ; 
 most of the leaves had fallen, but a few heps still re- 
 mained on the bush. Its habit without foliage bears 
 more resemblance to that of a stunted cinnamomea than 
 to any thing else. In character it approaches R. euro- 
 Una, particularly in the remarkable convolution of sti- 
 pulee. From this its numerous ramifications, weak 
 prickles and short shining leaves sufficiently distinguish 
 it. It moreover flowers in the spring and has naked 
 fruit with conniving sepals. 
 
 I am assured by Mr. Sabine that this is the plant 
 which was sent to France from a nursery here as a new 
 American Rose with black and yellow flowers, and no- 
 ticed as such in Promville's book. 
 
 Said to be a native of the country near the Mis- 
 souri. 
 
.fitixu ^ (U>b aCcre^^^ ^ 
 
 /fir x^x^M^ /ti'za. 
 
 */^ 
 
ROSA CAROLINA. 23 
 
 15. ROSA Carolina. Tab. 4. 
 
 R. stipiilis convolutis, fuliolis lanceolatis, sepalis pa- 
 tciitibus. 
 
 R. Carolina Linn! sp. 703. IFlUd. sp. 2. 1069. Laivr. 
 Ros. t. 24 ? Ait I hew. ed. alt. 3. 2G0. Pers. syn, 
 2. 48. Pursh ! am. sej)tr. n. 8. Smith! in Rees in 
 loc. Redout, ros. 1. 81. t. 28. 
 
 R. virginiana Du Roi harbk. 2. 353. Rossig. ros, 
 t. 13. 
 
 R. palustris Marsli. arh. 135. Donn ! cant. ed. 8. p. 
 109. 
 
 R. corymbosa Elir! beit. 4. 21. Muhl. cat. 50. 
 
 R. pennsyivaiiica 3Iichaux boreali-am. 1. 296. 
 
 R. caroliiiiana Bis: ! best. 121. 
 
 R. hudsoniana Redout, ros. 1. 95. t. 35. 
 
 /3. Jlorida, foliis impubibus tenerioiibus. 
 
 R. florida Donn! cant. ed. 8. 169. 
 
 R. enneapbylla Rajin. Schm. prdcis des decouvertes ? 
 quoted in Desv. journ. 4. 268. 
 
 Hab. in palustribus Novanglia Virginiain usque (Pursh.) 
 (v. s. sp. 8^ V. cult.) 
 
 From 2 to 8 feet hig-b. Branches erect, g-reen or 
 red brown, with twin or solitary straight joWc/r/e* under 
 the stipulae; the arms of the rootshoots are more 
 dense and soon become setae. Leaves opaque ; stipulw 
 unusually long, narrow, inflected and folded together 
 except at the end, which is spreading, naked unless at 
 tlie edge which is toothed and sometimes fringed. 
 Petioles downy, and armed with little prickles ; leaflets 
 7, lanceolate, finely and simply serrate, above naked, 
 and dark green, becoming discoloured towards the au- 
 tumn, beneatli downy and somewhat glaucous. Cymes 
 one or many flowered, appearing after the summer 
 
%^ ROSA CAROLINA. 
 
 heats are past ; hractece lanceolate, very concave, 
 pointed, downy at the back; peduncles hispid, as is all 
 the calj/.r, of which the tube is spherical and usually 
 coloured, the sepals entire, with a very long narrow 
 point and cottony edge ; petals concave or flat, usually 
 longer than the sepals, and deep red, crumpled ; disk 
 not very apparent; .s/^/e.9 villous. Frw/V scarlet, round, 
 hispid, not losing the sepals till it is quite ripe. 
 
 Shrubberies are often enlivened, where few other 
 flowers are to be seen, by the copious crimson bloom 
 of this very pretty plant. In its native marshes it is 
 exceedingly variable, in height, size, shape and pubes- 
 cence of leaves and number of flowers; nor is it much 
 less disposed to sport when cultivated. Its most com- 
 mon state is to be about six feet high w^ith very nume- 
 rous flowers and rather short peduncles. When the 
 latter are lengthened a little, with a corresponding in- 
 crease in their number, it becomes the R. con/mbosa 
 of Ehrhart. If its size is greater and its. shoots paler 
 than usual, it is R. palustris. An increase of pubescence 
 makes it R. pennsylvanica. Sometimes, when the plant 
 is unusually luxuriant, the ends of the shoots have no 
 prickles, and then it is Rosa hudsoniana. 
 
 Variety /S has a diseased appearance, and is easily 
 distinguished by the membranous texture of its leaves 
 and their want of pubescence. 
 
KOSA lU.ANDA. 25 
 
 ]G. ROSA blanda. 
 
 R. clatior, arm is deciduis, foliolis oblongis planis : 
 petiolo pilotjo. 
 
 R. blanda (3 Sulander 3ISS ! 
 
 R. l)lan(la yJit ! hew. 2. 202. mild. sp. 2. 10G5. 
 Smith ! in Recs in I. 
 
 Hab. in Amcricae septentrionalis ora occidentali, 3Ien- 
 zies. sinii Hudsonis, herb. Banks (v. s. sp. herb, 
 Bcniks ^ Smith.) 
 
 Branches armed with scattered, pale, unequal, de- 
 ciduous, straight prickles and setae. Leaves dull; sti^ 
 pules lar^e, elliptical, rounded at the end and fringed 
 with glands ; A/r///iAMuuirmed, downy; leaflets ^-1, lan- 
 ceolate, or more usually oblong, simply serrated, naked 
 above, downy at the rib beneath. Flowers large, red, 
 solitary ; peduncle and calyx unarmed : tube roundish ; 
 sepals ovate, pointed, entire. 
 
 Although this has been long cultivated, living 
 plants have never fallen in my way. The specimens 
 from which my description has been drawn up, exist in 
 the Banksian herbarium* From original documents in 
 that invaluable collection, it appears that when the 
 first edition of Hortus Kewensis, in which this was es- 
 tablished, was published, Dr. Solander's manuscripts 
 were consulted, who had two different things before 
 him. One of these was R. frajcinijolia, which he 
 marks as R. blanda; and the other the present species, 
 which he considered a variety. It so happened, how- 
 ever, that the character given in the Hortus Kewensis 
 was of that variety, which has therefore been univer- 
 sally understood as the true plant; and the original 
 blanda, figured, I may observe, by Jacquin as such, 
 has almost as generally been known under other 
 names, as will be shown in the next species. No 
 
 E 
 
i>(> ROSA FRAXINIFOLIA. 
 
 figure has been published of the plant before us, and 
 on that account I should certainly have given one from 
 dried specimens, had I not thought it better to trust 
 to its again making its appearance in a fresh state, 
 since there is little doubt of its still existing in this 
 country. 
 
 I have never seen the prickles red, as they are said 
 to be by Sir James Smith. Possibly he descri])ed them 
 from Miss Lawrance's figure, which looks like R. 
 71 it Ida, 
 
 Mr. Menzies found this on the north-west coast of 
 N. America, and specimens gathered in Hudson's Bay 
 are in the possession of Sir Joseph Banks. 
 
 17. ROSA fraxinifolia 
 
 R. elatior inermis, ramis strictis glaucescentibus, fo- 
 liolls opacis undulatis impubibus. 
 
 R. virginiana Mill. diet. n. 10. 
 
 R. fraxinifolia Borh. holz. 301. Gmel. had. als. 2. 413. 
 Ker in bet. reg. t. 458. 
 
 11. blanda a Solander ! MSS. Jacq. fragm. 70. t, 
 105. 
 
 R. corvmbosa Base. diet, d'agr ? DesJ'. cat. hort. par. 
 
 R. alpina /3 Ait! hew. ed. alt. 3. 265. 
 
 R. alpina laevis Redout, ros. 1. 57. t. 19. (Lawr. ros. 
 t. 75.) 
 
 Hab. in Terra nova, herb. Banks, (v. v. c. et s. sp. herb. 
 
 Banhs.) 
 
 In appearance and size resembling R. cinnamomea. 
 Branehes erect, unarmed, dark purple, covered with a 
 
ROSA FRAXINIFOLIA. 27 
 
 pale blue, waxen bloom ; rootshoots with a few weak 
 setifonn prickles at their l)ase. Leaves opaque, entirely 
 free from pubescence ; st'ipuhc broad, much dilated to- 
 wards tlie extremities, flat, serrulate; petioles un- 
 armed ; leaflets 5-7, lanceolate, simply serrate, grayish 
 green above, glaucous beneatli. Flowers small, red, 
 in few flowered cymes ; bractece elliptical, naked, 
 fringed and toothletted ; peduncles shorter than the 
 leaves ; tuhe of the calyx depressedly globose, gray — 
 these last quite naked ; sepals ovate, entire, with a long 
 point, hispid at the back ; petals obcordate^ somewhat 
 converging; disk not distinct; styles villous. Fruit 
 small, round or ovate, dull pale red, naked. 
 
 I have already attempted to explain why this, the 
 original Pt. hlanda, should not now be distinguished by 
 that appellation. In determining on another for it, I 
 have thought it right to take the oldest, excepting Mil- 
 ler's, for which probably no one will contend. The 
 description of Bosc's R. corymhosa answers so closely 
 to this species, that I have few doubts of the propriety 
 of citing it here. So little reason was there to suppose 
 this to be a variety of R. blanda, that, in the last edi- 
 tion of the Hortus Kewensis, it has actually been con- 
 sidered not distinct from R. alpina. 
 
 Gathered in Newfoundland by Sir Joseph Banks. 
 
 The want of prickles distinguishes this from most 
 of the section. R. blanda when unarmed, as it often 
 is, is readily known by the downy stalks of its leaves. 
 Cinnamomea in a similar state may be recognised by 
 the same character, witli the addition of the nuijority 
 of its leaves and its stipules being inflexed at the itiV^i', 
 not reflexed. 
 
 E 2 
 
28 ROSA CINNAMOMEA. 
 
 18. ROSA cimiamomea. Tab. 5. 
 
 R. elatioi* cinerea, raniis strictis, acnlois stipularlhus 
 rectiusculis, stipiilis dilatatis inuhiUitis, tbliolis ob' 
 long^is rugosis subtiis tomentosis. 
 
 u foliolis (ovalibus) obtusis. 
 
 R. minor, &c. Bauh. Iiisf. 2. 38. 
 
 R. cinnamomea Besl. eyst. vern. ord. G. fol. 5, 
 
 R. cinnamomea Lin! sp. 703. Willd. sp. 2. 1065. ^//. 
 pedem. 2. 138. Monch. meth. ()87. Laivr. 7'os. t. 
 34. JMeh. taur. cauc. J. 31)3. Gmel. hud. aU. 2. 
 411. Schranck momic, c. ic. Pohl. hohem. 2. 170. 
 Ait ! kew. ed. alt. li. 259. Pers. syn. 1.47. Eng. 
 bot ! t. 2388. Smith ! in Rees in L Ran eniim. 
 52 a 8s (3. Woods ! in act. linn, 12. 175. Redout, 
 ros. 1. 105. t. 37. 133. t. 51. 
 
 R. faecundissima Muncli. hausv. 5. 279. Dii Roi ! 
 harh. 2. 343. Hoffin. deutsch. fl. 175. Brot. lus. 
 1. 339. Fl. dan. 't. 1214. Roth. germ. % 557. 
 
 R. majalis Horn. diss. 8. Desf. atl. P 
 
 fo fluvialis — fpliolis (ovatis) acutis. 
 
 R. fluvialis Fl. dan. t. 868. Rcfz. scand. 120. Pers. 
 syn. 1. 47. 
 
 R. arvensis Linn, fide Afzelii. 
 
 Hab. in Dania, (fl. dan.) ; Belgia (lloflniann) ; Lnsitania 
 (Brotero) ; Germania (Rotb) ; Helvetia, Schleirh- 
 chrr, Iloohcr; Gallia, Dccand.; Boiiemia (Pohl); 
 Caneasu (Bieb.) ; /3 in I)ania, (fl. dan.) ; Helvetia 
 J looker (v. v. c. 8^ s. sp.) 
 
 A gray shrub 5 or 6 feet liigh. Branches erect in 
 the single var. more difi'usc and weak in the double 
 sort, deep red-browji, usually armed with a pair of 
 strongs pale brown, straightish prickles under the sti- 
 
j/cU- 5. 
 
 •lUa^^4»iT^:e^,/i ^ ^ .^^tj^y -'7<^.SSica»*.4^ /.'»«-'t7. 
 
 .^:/t.. 
 
ROSA CINNAMOMEA. 29 
 
 pulce ; rootshoots more densely prickly and sctigerous. 
 Leaves close together ; stipuhv broad, rugose, concave, 
 red at the edge and middle and somewhat fringed, a 
 little hairy ; petioles slender, downy, unarmed ; leaflets 
 5, rarely 7, lanceolate, simply serrated, rugose, opaque, 
 smooth and gray above, downy and coesious beneath, 
 concave in the single, flat in the double plant. Flowers 
 solitary, or two and three together, pale or bright red, 
 small, single or double ; bractew large, somewhat 
 downy, rugose, concave, caesious, tinged with red at 
 the edge and axis ; jjeduncles, round ; tube oj' the calyx, 
 and sepals, quite unarmed ; the latter very narrow, 
 longer than the petals, spreading in the flower, con- 
 verging in the fruit, cottony at the edge ; petals con- 
 cave, obcordate ; disk obscure ; styles very villous, dis- 
 tinct. Fruit round, naked, crimson, covered with a 
 delicate waxen appearance, crowned by the converging 
 sepals. 
 
 This, on the authority of a plant found in the wood 
 in Aketon pasture near Pontefract, has been considered 
 a native of Britain, but I fear without sufficient reason. 
 It is common over the greater part of Europe, growing 
 in thickets and flowering early in the spring ; but it is 
 much more common in the middle and southern coun- 
 tries than in the northern ones, where it is scarcely 
 found, its place being occupied in those regions by 7t. 
 7najali<s, a very distinct thing, although hitherto consi- 
 dered only a variety. From this difference in geogra- 
 ])hical distribution, I suspect R. viajalis of Desfon- 
 taines, found wild in the north of Africa, to be the 
 ciuuamomea. Linnaeus certainly confounded the two, 
 as appears from his herl)arium, where they both exist 
 marked with the same name. Tiie plant, however, 
 which he had before him, when the second edition of 
 Species })lantarum was written, is uiKjucstionably this 
 cinnamomea in a single state from the I'psal garden. 
 The other was added afterwards, and mav have been 
 from wild plants in Sweden. Di-. Afzelius, in his first 
 Tentamen, gives it as his oj)inion that the Ji.sjfinosissima 
 of Linnseug is a sort of einnamomea, not however ex- 
 
30 ROSA CINNAMOMEA. 
 
 plaining which sort he means ; but this cannot be, for 
 in Flora Suecica, cd. 2, the fruit is expressly said to be 
 black, which is always the case with our sphiosissima 
 and never with any individual of this division. 
 
 Tlie double variety is much more common than the 
 single and has altogether a different aspect ; the shoots 
 are not strong and upright, but weak and wiry, and 
 the leaves are Hat, not concave. Yet I have no inform- 
 ation of this in a single state, and therefore suspect 
 these characters to have some connexion with tlie mon- 
 strosity in the flowers ; and possibly the one would 
 disappear with the other. 
 
 Mr. Wood rightly observes that R. c'mnamomea of 
 Roth is R. lutea hicolor. 
 
 Of jR. fiuvialis of Flora Danica I have specimens 
 collected in Switzerland by Mr. Hooker. It seems to 
 be a smaller plant, the leaves are shorter and the 
 prickles less than in the common sort : the flowers too 
 are of a deeper red. It has small pretensions to be a 
 species ; but may possibly be an intermediate state be- 
 tween R. cinnamomea and mdjalis, agreeing with the 
 latter in size and shape of leaves, but in every other 
 essential respect with the former. 
 
 R, cinnamomea of Hermann is spinoslssima. 
 
ROSA TAURICA. 31 
 
 19. ROSA taurica. 
 
 R. elatior cinerea, aculeis sparsis debilibus, ramis 
 strictis apicem versus inermibus, foliolis oblongis 
 riigosis subtus villosis, sepalis compositis, stylis por- 
 rectis glabriusculis. 
 
 R. taurica Bieb. taur. cauc. 1. 394. Pair, enc, hot, 
 suppl. 
 
 Hab. in dumetis Taurise, Steven. 
 
 With the habit of R. cinnmnomea; from which it 
 differs in having the leaves more villous beneath and 
 less glaucous ; the petioles armed with numerous little 
 prickles ; the segments of the calyx shorter, some of 
 them divided at the base ; styles half as long as the 
 stamens, pubescent only at the base and under the 
 stigmas, otherwise naked; peduncles often in pairs, 
 sometimes solitary or three together. The round tube 
 of the calyx and the peduncles smooth; stem armed 
 with recurved prickles. Bleherstein. 
 
 Native of northern Asia, and only known from the 
 description of Marschall von Bieberstein. It seems, 
 however, well distinguished from its congeners by its 
 compound sepals and exserted, smooth styles. 
 
32 llOSA DAVITRICA. 
 
 20. ROSA davurica. 
 
 R. clatior raiiiosisshiia, raiiiis tenuibns coloratiSj aculein 
 stipularibns patentissiinis subrocurvis, stipulis li- 
 iiearibus, foliolis oblongis rugosis subtus toinentosis 
 alte serratis. 
 
 R. davurica Pall. ross. Gl. 
 
 Hab. ill Davuriffi ot Mon^^olioe tran.salj)ina^ apricis et 
 betuletis, cum Spiraea cliaiiiaedrifolia, ubique copio- 
 sissiiiia et siiiiul tlorens Junio (Pall.). 
 
 Often five feet high, erect, much branched, with 
 slender, rigid, brownish, smooth hranchcs, and stipu- 
 lary, twin, spreading-, a little recurved, grey prickles. 
 Stipules narrow, toothletted; /;e//o/e6- downy, unarmed; 
 leajlets 7, nearly equal, lanceolate, entire at the base, 
 the serratures increasing in depth towards the end, 
 some nearly blunt and crenate, others acute, all pubes- 
 cent beneath. Peduncles smooth, involucrated by a 
 leaf and bractea ; sepals downy at the edge, with a 
 narrow foliaceous end, sonicAvhat longer than the petals. 
 Petals deep red, entire, large. Fruit red, ovate. 
 Pallas. 
 
 The specimens in Pallas's herbarium answer by no 
 means to tiiis, but seem to be rather of a variety of 
 R. reversa. It must therefore remain in the obscurity 
 in which I find it. Had Pallas given his usual atten- 
 tion to Roses, I should have tliought it probable this 
 might be cinnamomea, to which it is certainly very 
 near and which he does not mention ; although there 
 is no doubt of its growing in the countries he visited. 
 But the characters given above seem sufficient to dis- 
 tinguish it, especially the long spreading prickles and 
 narrow stipules. 
 
KOSA AKISTATA. ^ 
 
 21. ROSA aristata. 
 
 R. foliis supei'ioribiis sub-bijiigiSj petiolo in spina pro- 
 ducto. 
 
 R. aristata Picot Lapei/r.JI. pijr. t. 105. Hist. 285. 
 
 Hab. juxta Bariiges, (Lapeyr.). 
 
 Stem with few prickles. Petioles usually unarmed ; 
 leaflets obovate, oblong, toothed, glaucous and smooth 
 above, woolly beneath; upper leaves with no terminal 
 leaflet, being furnished in its stead with a strong 
 spine, which is the extremity of the footstalk elongated 
 (and indurated?). Floivers solitary, purplish; pe- 
 duncles, tube of the calyx which is round, and the sepals^ 
 hispid ; petals shorter than the sepals. Lapeyr. I. c. 
 
 I have not been able to meet with that part of La- 
 peyrouse's Flora of the Pyrenees in which this Rose is 
 figured. From his description it is R. cinnanwmea in 
 every respect except having the stalk of the upper 
 leaves lengthened out into a spine. Whatever it be, 
 whether a monstrous or natural appearance, the above 
 character is sufficient to indicate it. Those who have 
 materials must judge. 
 
54 ROSA MAJALIS. 
 
 22. ROSA majalis. 
 
 R. Iminilior coesia ramis strictis coloratis, aculeis 
 sparsis subiiequalibus, stipiilis lincaribus, foliolis ob- 
 long-is planis subtus glaucis tomcntosis. 
 
 R. majalis Retz. ohs. hot. 3. 33. IVahl! lapp. 141. 
 
 R. mutica Fl. dan. t. 688. 
 
 R. spinosissima Gorter. ingj\ 78. 
 
 R. coUincola Ehr. heitr. 2. 70. 
 
 /3 canescem, foliis albido-csesiis. 
 
 Hab. in Suecia, ^Ifz. Swartz ; Lapponia, (Wahl.); 
 Dania, (fl. dan.) ; iS in Suecia Af'z. Swartz. (v. v. 
 c. S$ s. sp.J 
 
 Three or four feet high, very glaucous. Branches 
 erect, virgate, with slender, straight prickles, either 
 scattered or under the stipulse : rootshoots beset with 
 very dense, pale, straight, nearly equal prickles and 
 setae. Stipidce narrow, incurved, naked, with a short 
 end which is sometimes rounded ; petioles somewhat 
 downy and glandular, with a few weak, pale, straight 
 prickles ; leaflets usually 7, oval or obovate, obtuse, 
 simply serrated, flat, very smooth, glaucous on both 
 sides but especially beneath, where they are also a little 
 downy. Flowers solitary, small, cyathiform, pale red; 
 hractew solitary, oval, concave, pointed, naked; pe- 
 duncle and calyx quite naked : tube round, small ; 
 sepals subsimple, pointed, longer than the petals: 
 these emarginate; ^/.vA- obscure ; 5^^/e5 distinct. Fruit 
 orange-red, spherical, naked, crowned by the sepals, 
 which are scarcely longer than itself. 
 
 This species is confined to Sweden and Denmark, 
 where it appears to be a very common plant. Its cha- 
 racters are clear and its habit widely different from that 
 of R. cinnaniomeay with which it has been confounded. 
 
0tim "** "^^ ■■ — .^*-«»^^j|^ 
 
ROSA MACKOPHYLLA. 35 
 
 From specimens cominuiiicated to Mr. Hooker it ap- 
 pears that Swartz bad intended to divide this into three 
 species, which he called cimianwmea, clnerea and turhi- 
 nella. Their appearance is very similar, nor have 1 
 been able to detect sufficient marks of discrimination. 
 
 No other figure than that in Flora Danica has been 
 given of this pretty Rose. 
 
 23. ROSA macrophylla. Tab. (>. 
 
 R. inermis, foliis longissimis, petiolis parc^ glandulosis 
 foliolisque lanceolatis subtus lanatis, sepalis angus- 
 tissimis petalis apiculatis longioribus. 
 
 Hab. in Gossam Than PFalUch. (v. s. sp. in herb. 
 Banks.) 
 
 Branches unarmed ? reddish brown. Stipidce con- 
 cave, dilated, falcate, acute, coloured, naked ; petioles 
 sometimes nine inches long, densely cottony, unarmed, 
 with a few glands immersed in the down; leajiets 5-11, 
 lanceolate, flat, veined, simply serrated, the serratures 
 pointed, deep green tinged with purple and naked on 
 the upper surface, white with down ou the under. 
 Bractece tinged with red, of a thin substance, lanceo- 
 late, very large and long, nearly entire, naked except 
 the rib, which is hairy on both sides ; peduncles villous 
 with a few unequal setae, coloured ; tube of' the calyx 
 oblong, naked ; sepals very long, narrowly triangular, 
 simple, dilated and toothed at their extremities, hoary 
 with a coloured back ; petals obovate, with a little point, 
 rather shorter than the sepals, blush coloured ; anthers 
 oblong, rather large ; disk very broad, a little elevated 
 at the orifice; ovaries 28, very hairy; styles pilose, ex- 
 serted, distinct. 
 
 F 2 
 
S(i ROSA MACROPHYLLA. 
 
 One of tlio recent acquisitions sent from Gossam 
 Than to Sir Joseph Banks hy I)r. Wallich. 
 
 It (lifters from R. alp'/na in the shape of its stipules 
 and great bracteie, besides having a great deal of down 
 on its leaves, wtiich are the longest I have ever seen. 
 It can be confounded with nothing else, and may be 
 considered the connecting link between this division 
 and the next. 
 
 Div. V. PimpineUlfolhe. Setigerae armis confertis 
 snbconformibus, v. inermes; ebracteatce (rarissim^ 
 bracteatae). Foliola ovata, v. oblonga. vSepala con- 
 niventia, persistentia. Discus subnuUus. 
 
 This division is essentially different from the last in habit, 
 although in artificial characters it must be confessed they nearly 
 approach each other ; and perhaps too nearly. It may however 
 be distinguished by the greater number of leaflets, which vary 
 from 7 to 13 and even 15, instead of from 5 to 7, and are usually 
 ovate, rarely oblong, and never lanceolate ; the flowers are uni- 
 versally without bracteae except in R. alpina, Sabint and perhaps 
 viarg'inata. These having connlvent, pei-manent sepals, cannot 
 be confounded with the preceding nor, on account of their thin 
 disk, with the following division. R. Woods'ii of the last group 
 differs from its congeners In the shape of its leaves, as does, but 
 in a less degree, R. cmnamoniea 13 ; but both of them have stlpu- 
 lary prickles, of which there is no Instance in the present tribe. 
 
 Obs. In all, the pericarps have an uneven surface. 
 
 •J. 
 
ROSA ALPINA. 87 
 
 24. ROSA alpina. 
 
 R. inermis, fructii elongato pendulo: pedunculo his- 
 pido. 
 
 R. rubra prsecox fl. siinplici. Bed. eyst. rem. ord. 6. 
 J'ol. 5. 
 
 R. alpina Linn ! sp. 703. Jacq ! austr. 3. 43. t. 279. 
 All. pedem. 2. 139. IVHld. sp. 2. 1075. Lawr. 
 ros. t. 30. Decand. fi. jr. 4. 446. 536. Vers, 
 sijn. 2. 49. ah: hew. ed. alt. 3. 265. Smith I in 
 Rees. in I. Lindley in Bot. reg. t. 424. 
 
 R. rupestris Crantz. austr. 85. 
 
 R. monspeliaca Gouan vionsp. 255. 
 
 R. n. 1107. Hall. helv. 2.41. 
 
 R. inermis Mill. diet. n. 6. Turr. diar. act. 128. 
 
 R. hybrida Fill, danph. 3. 554. 
 
 R. lagenaria Fill. I. c. 553. Willd. sp. 2. 1075. Smith 
 in Rees in I. 
 
 R. biflora Kroch. siles. 2. 157. 
 
 /3 pyrenaica calycis tiibo pedunculoque bispidulis. 
 
 R. pyrenaica Gouan illustr. 31. ^.19. PVilld. sp. 2. 
 1076. Decand. Jl. fr. 4. 446. Pers. syn. 2. 49. 
 
 Smith in Rees in I. alpina Jacq. schonb. 4. 
 
 t. 416. 
 
 R. hispida Kroch. siles. 2. 152. Fold hohem. 2. 174. 
 
 R. turbinata Vill. dauph. 3. 550 ? 
 
 R. alpina ^. Decand. Jl. Jr. 6. 536. 
 
 y pendulina foliolis pluribus cauleque coloratis. 
 
 R. pendulina L/«w. /ie/Z>. Ait! heiv. ed. I. JJllld.sp. 
 2. 1076. Pers. syn. 2. 49. (Lawr. ros. t. 91.) 
 Ait ! heiv. ed. alt. 3. 265. Smith ! in Rees in I. 
 
 R. alpina pendulina Redout, ros. 1. 57. t. 17. 
 
 ^ pimpinellifolia omnibus partibus minor. 
 
 R. pimpinellifolia Vill. dauph. 3. 553. 
 
 R. glandulosa Bellard. in act. taur. 1790. /;. 230. 
 
38 ROSA AI.riNA. 
 
 R. pygmnna Birh. taiir. caiic. 1. IVJ7 } 
 
 R. pyrcnaica /3 Smith in Rees in I. 
 
 Ilab. in alpibns Austriee, (Jacq.) ; Gallioe australis 
 niontosis, Gnnan. Dccand. ; Silesiye, (Krocker) : 
 BolicmitU, (Polil) ; l)c'!i)iHnatiis, (Villars) ; sed 
 pnecipiie Helvctite co])iosissinie Hooker ; ubi alti- 
 tiidiiR'ni ()()()() j)e(lum attin<^it, nee infra tiGOO inve- 
 nitur, (V\'ablL'nb,) : in inontibns ('arpatbicis ad 
 Fagi liniitcs, Ilt'lvctiiE Abieti.s (vix ultra) crescere 
 dcsinit, (Wabl.). (r. v. c. et s. sp. comm. eel. 
 Jlooker.J 
 
 Seven or eigbt feet high. Branches nearly ereet, 
 greenish brown, usually with a glaucous hue, unarmed, 
 or (veiT rarely) furnished with a few weak prickles at 
 the very base of the rootshoots ; and these have been 
 noticed to exist even on the branches. Sfipulcenarvow, 
 dilated at the end, naked, fringed with glands; petioles 
 with scarcely any hairs, densely glandular and seti- 
 gerous ; leaflets 5-9, of a thin substance, ovate, acute 
 at each end, doubly and coai'sely serrated, naked, the 
 rib beneath sometimes rough with minute prickles. 
 Flowers erect, blush coloured, solitary ; peduncles un- 
 armed, or hispid; tube of the calyx smooth or hispid, 
 ovate, very long ; sepals erect, narrow, simple, with a 
 long point, dilated at the end which extends beyond 
 the petals, on the outside hairy and naked, or rough if 
 the tube be so ; petals obcordate, concave ; dish de- 
 pressed, broad; .s/y/^^y villous, distinct. Fruit ovm\ge- 
 red, oblong or obovate, with a long neck, crowned by 
 the converging sepals, generally pendulous. 
 
 I believe most authors are agreed about the greater 
 part of the numerous synonyms adduced to this plant. 
 Its great abundance in the countries where it grows, 
 and the various situations in which it has been found, 
 have led many into the error of forming as many species 
 out of it as it assumes appearances. Thus R. hjbrida 
 of Villars is chiefly characterized by its entire petals ; 
 lagenaria of the same author rests upon the authority 
 of a single plant found in the district of Embrun, 
 
ROSA ALPINA. S9 
 
 among the woods of Boscodon, with longer fruit than 
 usual; and in the R, bi flora of Krocker not a single 
 character can be discovered for even the pretence of a 
 species. Sir James Smith rightly removes the var. /3 
 of the Hortus Kewensis from this, but is unfortunate 
 in the place he assigns it. 
 
 My variety (3 may be known by its hispid fruit. M . 
 Decandolle, who considered it a species in the first 
 part of his Flore Frangaise, has retracted that opinion 
 in his supplement, where it stands as R. alpina ^. 
 Jacquin's figure, as usual, is excellent. 
 
 Var. 7. Under my next species but one I shall 
 have occasion to notice Linnieus's Rosa penduUna. 
 This is the plant of his herbarium and of our gardens. 
 Its coloured leaves and stem, and disposition to produce 
 more leaflets than the common sort, with darker flowers, 
 are not sufficient peculiarities to entitle it to rank as a 
 species. Nor can I perceive how its fruit, being " pen- 
 dulous, scarlet, smooth and shining, remarkal)ly elon- 
 gated, beaked and curved," will distinguish it from R. 
 alpina of the Alps, as is observed in Rees's Cyclopaedia. 
 
 From the characters of Villars and Bellardi, it has 
 been generally thought that the R. pimphieUifolta of 
 the former and glandulosa of the latter were scarcely 
 distinct from alpina. This has been already noticed by 
 Sir James Smith, and I have much pleasure in agreeing 
 with him on the propriety of uniting them to the same 
 species as R. pyrenaica of Gouan. Decandolle has, 
 however, in his supplementary volume to the Flore 
 Fran^aise, separated them widely from that plant, and 
 I know not on what autliority, a})plied to them a de- 
 scription of something evidently belonging to R. rubi- 
 ginosa. R. pi/gnuca of the learned author of Flora 
 Taurico-Caucasica, to which R. alpina of some index 
 of Pallas is quoted, appears to be eitlier the dwarf 
 mountain state of that species or a variety of rubella^ 
 on account of his describing the " samnii ramuli Jlori- 
 feri Jiispiduli.'" However this may be, I cannot doubt 
 the alpina of Pallas's Flora Rossica belonging to the 
 next species. 
 
40 UOSA RUBELLA. 
 
 25. ROSA rubella. 
 
 R. armis confertis rr([iuilibus, fiiictu eloiigato pendulo. 
 R. peiidnlii Roth. germ. '2. 5{)L 
 R. alpina Pal/, ross. 6L 
 
 R. rubella Eng! hot. t. •2521. Smith.' in Rees in I. 
 Woods! in act. linn. 12. 177. 
 
 R. polyphylla IVilld. enuin. s-tppl. .'>7. 
 
 /3 melanocarpa fructn nigro-fusco breviore. 
 
 Ilab. in Anglia, Smith, fVincJi; Germania, (Roth) ; 
 Sibiria copiosc ab Uralensi jngo usque in Davu- 
 riam : in canipis Isetensibus : ad Obuin, Iitin et 
 Jeniscam, (Pallas), (v. v. c. et s. sp.) 
 
 Branches erect, reddish, 3 or 4 feet hig^h, covered 
 all over as far as tlie extremities with nearly equal 
 weak setae and prickles. Stipuhv dilated towards tlieir 
 extremities, eroded at the edge and fringed with glands, 
 naked; petioles sparingly glandular, without hairs, as 
 are the leajlets, which are 7-11, almost flat, oval, 
 pointed, simply serrated, or nearly so, dark green 
 above, paler beneath. Flowers solitary without hracteae, 
 pale or deep red; peduncles hispid; tube of the calyx 
 less so; sepals erect, entire, rough, shorter than the 
 petals, which are concave and emarginate ; disk not 
 thickened. Fruit pendulous, long, ovate, scarlet, 
 crowned by the converging, shorter sepals. 
 
 This is probably one of the things confounded by 
 Linnoeus under the name of penduUna. Of Dr. Roth's 
 synonym there can be no doul)t, as there is no otlier 
 European Rose any way answering to his character. I 
 am also persuaded that Pallas had this chiefly in view 
 when describing his R. alpina, although it is possible 
 he had the true plant in contemplation also. Speakinf^ 
 of it he says, it varies according to situation with 
 
ROSA KUBEl.LA. 41 
 
 smooth and prickly stems and petioles; the prickles 
 beiii^- capillarv but dense ; all M'hich answers well 
 enough to luihella, but by no means to alphia. Thus, 
 if my conjectures be correct, it was noticed long before 
 it was discovered in England and published in Enghsh 
 Botany as new, but with a very erroneous account of it. 
 What is said in Rees's Cyclopaedia about the inflexed 
 calyx is equally applicable to R. spinoslssima ; and I 
 fear the observation of Mr. Backhouse, that the leaves 
 fold together at night, must have originated in mistake, 
 as I never have been able to discover such a disposition 
 in any of the genus, although I have repeatedly watched 
 for it. 
 
 Mr. Woods first remarked that the stems and 
 branches covered with setse, intermixed with a very 
 few aculei, sufiiciently distingnish it from R. sphwsis- 
 sima. To this I must add the long red pendulous fruit, 
 which that gentleman had not seen. From R. stricta 
 it is more difficult to discriminate it. Their principal 
 differential characters I shall notice under that species. 
 
 R. jjolyphylla of the supplement to IVilldenow' s 
 emimeratio, for an opportunity of consulting which I am 
 obliged to my friend Mr. Ker, appears to differ in no 
 respect from this, and the R. suavis of the same work 
 seems equally referable to my R. stricta. 
 
 Variety /3 is just intermediate between R. rubella 
 and .sp'niosisstma. I procured it from ?Jr. Lee's nursery, 
 under the name of rubella. 
 
4i2 llOSA STllICTA. 
 
 '2(1 UOSA strictii. Tab. 7, 
 
 l\. iTiinosissiina, raimilis incrniibns, friictii clongato 
 pciuliilo. 
 
 R. sanguisoiha; majoris folio, friictu loui;-o poiidulo ex 
 nova anglia ])ilL elth. o25. t. 240. f. 'Ml . 
 
 R. vii'giuiaua Ilerm. diss. \\) ? 
 
 R. })CMululuui Linn. sp. 705. 
 
 R. stricta Muhl. cut. 50. 
 
 R. Carolina ^ ^lit. kew. ed. alt. 3. 200. Ldwr. ros. t. 
 •SO. (pessiiiia). 
 
 R. siiavis IVilld. enum. suppl. 37 ? 
 
 Hah. in Aniericte septentrionalis Novanglia, (Dille- 
 nins) ; Pennsylvania, (Mnhl.). (v. v. c.J 
 
 Branches erect, three or four feet high, pale green, 
 covered all over with small, weak, nearly equal seta% 
 except at the extremities, which are iinarmeci, like the 
 very numerous, slender branchlets. Leaflets 9-11, 
 roundish, of a firm texture, the lowest pair smaller than 
 the rest, glaucous. Flowers bright red. Frt:it before 
 maturity speckled with little pale spots. Otherwise 
 with the characters of li. rubella. 
 
 Notwithstanding the close resemblance between 
 this and the foregoing, I feel no hesitation in distin- 
 guishing them. R. rubella has drooping very weak 
 branches, surculi bending at the end, and hispid to 
 their extreme points ; its leaves are green, fruit small, 
 ovaria from 12 to 18, pericarps ovate and somewhat 
 pointed. 7?. stricta, on the contrary, has nearly erect 
 branches and surculi and branchlets without any his- 
 pidity : its leaves are somewhat glaucous, fruit large 
 and, before ripeness, covered with little pale blotches ; 
 the ovaries are from 25 to 35, and the ])ericarps are 
 round, large, and much more hairy. Rubella frequently 
 
JaJ;:j 
 
 .^/U ^z^iA^ aci' uiW^ iy .^,^Uyf^ JW.^M^^^Mf '<^ZO. 
 
 X W..Ar.^ 
 
ROSA STRICTA. 4S 
 
 has aculei, stricta never. It may be urged that I have 
 in other instances rejected much better characters as 
 insufficient to distinguish species ; and with apparent 
 reason. But when it is renieinbered that there is no 
 instance of a Nortli American Rose being- found in 
 Europe, and that this must form an exception, if it be 
 deemed not distinct from ruhclla, I shall have the im- 
 portant difference in geographical distribution in my 
 favour. 
 
 It has been known in this country ever since the 
 days of Dillenius, who raised it in Sherard's garden 
 from seeds received from New England, and published 
 a figure of it in the splendid Hortus EltJiamensis. From 
 not attending sufficiently to his description, much con- 
 fusion has arisen in its history, since his figure has been 
 cited by every one to a variety of a diffi^rent species, 
 probably the offspring of cultivation ; and thus my R. 
 (tlp'ina y has been pronounced a Nortli American plant, 
 to the great perplexity of botanists of that country, 
 who have long sought for it in vain. To explain how 
 this has originated, it becomes necessary to trace the 
 history of the plant from its source. 
 
 The specimen of K. fenduUna in the herbarium of 
 Linuccus belongs decidedly, as I have observed already, 
 to the plant always known under that name in our 
 gardens. It is the end of a branchlet and not unlike 
 Dillenius's figure. It does not appear from what 
 quarter he received it, and may therefore have been 
 known to him only in a dried state, which will suffi- 
 ciently explain the cause of his error in quoting the 
 Hortus Elthamensls. In the first edition of Species 
 Plantarum the specific ])hrase of 7{. penduUna is " fruc- 
 tibus oblongis pendulis," which served to distinguish it 
 from the rest of his species, because he was not then 
 acquainted with R. alpina. But before the second edi- 
 tion appeared he acquired this last plant, and then it 
 became necessary to alter the character of pendulhui to 
 *' germinibus ovatis gla])ris, pedunculis cauleq. hispidis, 
 petiolis inermibus, fructibus pendidis ;" which proves 
 beyond a doubt that he held the " stipites innumeris 
 
 G 2 
 
44 KOSA ACICULARIS. 
 
 spinis tciuiil)ns et innoxiis deorsuin flcxis horridi" of 
 Dilleniiis, whicli are not found on the R. penduUua of 
 Alton, to be essential to liis species. In this state he 
 left it. In the first edition of Hortns Kewensis the 
 definition is altered to " inermis, ^erininihns oblongis, 
 pedunculis petiolisqne hispi(Hs, cauie rainisqne giabris, 
 fruetibns pendulis," clearly intended for the pendiilina 
 of onr gardens. From what cause this change was 
 made I cannot conjecture, for Dr. Solander, whose 
 manuscripts were certainly used in the genus, was well 
 aware of its not being the plant of Linnaeus. Here, 
 however, the mistake originated, and the justly high 
 authority of that excellent work has undoubtedly pre- 
 vented its being sooner detected. 
 
 27. ROSA aciciilaris. Tab. 8. 
 
 R. elatior, aculeis acicularibus inoequalibus, foliolis 
 glaucis rugosis convexiusculis, fructu obainpuUaceo 
 cernuo. 
 
 I lab. in Sibiria Bell. (v. v. c.) 
 
 About eight feet high, compact. Branches erect, 
 the younger glaucous, the adult ones brownish, clothed 
 with unequal, very slender straight prickles and a few 
 setse. Leaves dense, opaque, very glaucous ; stlpuhc 
 narrow, \vithout hairs, fringed with glands, a little di- 
 lated at the end ; petioles pale green, naked, or a little 
 hairy, slender, with very long joints ; leaflets aborut 7, 
 of a very thin texture, oval, convex, a little rugose, 
 simply serrated, the teeth diverging, nearly without 
 hairiness, very coesious on their under side. Flowers 
 solitary, pale blush, fragrant ; hractece ovate, convex, 
 naked, shorter than the naked peduncle ; tube of the 
 
Jo/ (S. 
 
 \ 
 
 . ^i-^, a^^^ a«^ ait.'t4>^* ^.. 
 
 ..-;/<v,^»'..«». 
 
ROSA ACICULARIS. 45 
 
 calyx naked, elliptical ; sepals very narrow, somewhat 
 divided, hairy, thrice as long as the tube ; petals obo- 
 vate, emarginate, spreading, shorter than the sepals ; 
 disk broad, a little elevated; styles hairy, distinct, 
 their ends exserted and spreading. Fruit obovate, with 
 a neck, yellowish orange, naked, somewhat oblique, 
 crowned with the connivent sepals, which are thickened 
 at their base. 
 
 An interesting addition to the splnosissima tribe, 
 introduced from Siberia by Mr. Bell. From plants 
 communicated by the late Mr. Donn to Mr. Sabine, it 
 appears to be the R. kamchatica of his Hortus Canta- 
 brigiensis. From the three preceding species inequality 
 of prickles distinguish it ; it is readily known from the 
 rest by its greater size and glaucous, rugose leaves. In 
 the former respect it is surpassed, indeed, by R. Sabini, 
 but the strong prickles of that plant, which are falcate 
 when mixed with setae, and pugioniform when without 
 them, make it impossible that they should be con- 
 founded, not to mention their entire dissimilarity in 
 other respects. 
 
 It is the first Rose that comes into leaf, and at that 
 period is remarkable for the yellow, as it were blanched, 
 colour of the nascent leaves. 
 
46 ROSxV SULPIiUllEA. 
 
 28. ROSA siilpluiR-a. 
 
 R. stipulis liiiearibus apice dilatatis divaricatis, foliolis 
 glaiicis plauiusciilis, tiiho heinisplwurico. 
 
 11. flava pleno flore Clus. cur. post. G. 
 
 11. lutea maxiiDa fl. pi. BesL ci/st, veru. ord. (>. J'ol. 2. 
 
 R. lutea multiplex Park, parad. 417. //. 17. t. 415. y. 0. 
 Ger. emac. r267. 
 
 R. Intea flore pleno Rail hist. 1475. n. 'M. 
 
 R. heniisphserica Herm. diss. 18. 
 
 R. glancophylla Ehr. heitr. 2. (J9. 
 
 R. sulphurea Ait. kew. 2. 201. IFilld. sp.2. 10(55. 
 Lawr. rns. t. 77. Pers. si/n. I. 47. (hiwl. had. 
 als. 2. 404. Ker regist. n. 4G. Smith in Rccs in I. 
 Redout, ros. 1. 29. l. W. 
 
 II. lutea Brot. lusit. 1. 337. 
 
 Hab. verosimiliter in Oriente (Clusius). (v. v. c.) 
 
 About four or five feet high, chiefly leafy at tlie ex- 
 tremities. Branches yellowish green, or brownish, 
 beset with unequal, scattered, pale prickles and setyc ; 
 of the former the largest are falcate and the others 
 weak and nearly straight. Leaves of a dull glaucous 
 green ; stipulce narrow, flat, dilated, spreading, and 
 coarsely serrated at the extremities, quite free from 
 pubescence, as is every part of the leaf; petioles some- 
 what glandular, with a few pale, straight prickles ; 
 leaflets 7, obovate, flat, simply toothed, very ca3sious 
 beneath. Flowers very large, of an exquisitely deli- 
 cate, transparent yellow colour, always double ; 
 hractew none ; peduncle and calyx either naked or 
 glandular ; tube hemisphserical. 
 
 This, by far the most splendid of the genus, has 
 never been heard of in a single state, nor even near it ; 
 
^Ad' Q 
 
 .^yij. M iiit ^^.t c^UaJi iy jT'/^^j^p^i^ /yO .^^.niii^ IdW. 
 
ROSA LUTESCENS. 47 
 
 and its native country is still unknown. The earliest 
 information we liave of it is from Clusius, who was first 
 aequaititcd with its existence from the inspection of 
 little, artificial, paper gardens, ornamented with shrubs 
 of dirt'erent sorts, among which were double yellow 
 Roses. These, lie ascertained, were brought from Con- 
 stantinople, and by means of some of liis numerous 
 correspondents lie quickly procured living plants, which 
 were probably the parents of those cultivated at this 
 day. Linnaeus nuist have been unacquainted with this 
 when he thought the yellow Rose the same as the 
 Sweet Briar. 
 
 Considerable difficulty is always experienced in 
 making this expand or even produce its magnificent 
 blossoms. I am informed by Sir Joseph Banks that he 
 has had it growing and flowering with the greatest 
 luxuriance when planted in the soil of a marsh. The 
 fine specimen from which Sydenham Edwards's excel- 
 lent figure in the Register was taken, came from Ox- 
 fordshire ; and in such perfection was it, that a bud 
 was taken to one of the theatres by a lady and it opened 
 in her bosom in the course of the evening. 
 
 29. ROSA lutescens. Tab. 9. 
 
 R. armis ramorum confertissimis ina^qualibus gracilibus 
 reflexis, ramulorum minimis suba^qualibus, foliolis 
 planis impul)ibus simpliciter serratis. 
 
 R. hispida Curt. mag. 1. 1570. (mala). 
 
 R. lutescens Pursh. am. septr. vol. 2. in suppl. 
 
 Ilab. verosimiliter in Sibiria {v. v. c.) 
 
 A tall, stout, dark shrub. Branches erect, nearly 
 straight, dull brown, defended by innumerable very 
 
48 nOSA LUTESCENS. 
 
 slender, unequal, pale brown, deflexed prickles and an 
 almost equal number of setae; hrauchlets without 
 prickles, but rough with glands and hairs. Leaves 
 dense, dark green, discoloured in the autumn, quite 
 free from pubescence ; stipulcu very narrow, flat ; pe- 
 tioles unarmed ; leaflets 7-9, oval, flat, simply serrated. 
 Flowers pale yellow, solitary ; bractecc none ; peduncles 
 and cali/.r naked ; tube ovate, much shorter than the 
 sepals, which are entire ; disk not elevated ; ovaries 
 about 30 ; styles villous, distinct. Fruit large, ovate, 
 black, with a fleshy stalk, crowned by the connivent, 
 short sepals ; pericarps large, crimson, rugged. 
 
 Pursh was led into the error of including this in 
 his North American Flora from its being known in the 
 nurseries under the name of the Yellow American Rose, 
 for which there does not appear to be any authority. I 
 am much rather disposed to agree with the learned 
 editor of the Botanical Magazine, in considering it a 
 native of Siberia, with plants of which country its 
 habit certainly agrees, and not at all with those of N. 
 America. It appears to have been raised at Chelsea 
 by Mr. Fairbairn, and from the original, still there, 
 the plants of the gardens have most likely originated. 
 I may hope to be pardoned for preferring, for so obscure 
 a plant, the best of two names, although not the 
 oldest. 
 
 It is very distinct from R. spinosissima in its whole 
 appearance, especially in its stout, straight rootshoots 
 covered all over with bristle-shaped, dense prickles, 
 and in the purple colour of its leaves in the autumn. 
 The flowering shoots ofter an excellent discriminative 
 character, as they differ entirely from the branches in 
 their arms, which are little more than tubercles tipped 
 with a weak bristle, so that they might without much 
 impropriety be considered rudiments of or imperfectly 
 formed prickles. The peculiarity, however, is constant. 
 
ROSA VIMINEA. 49 
 
 :5(). ROSA viminea. 
 
 R. rainis viinineis, annis setaceis confertissiinis rectis 
 patentibiis inoequalibus, foliolis mcmbranaceis planis 
 impubibus simplicitei* scrratis. 
 
 I lab. ill horto quodani acadeinico legit P. S. 
 
 Pallas, (v. s. c. herb. Lambert.) 
 
 Branches long, very slender and wiry, quite unlike 
 those of R. spinosiss'ima, armed with very dense, seta- 
 ceous, spreading, straight, unequal prickles and a iew 
 sttiv. Leaves very long; stipules dilated at the end 
 and somewhat falcate ; leaflets 5-7, oblong, simply ser- 
 rated, of a membranaceous texture ; petioles, peduncle 
 and calyx naked; tube ovate ; flowers very large. 
 
 For this I am indebted to the liberality of A. B. 
 Lambert, Esq. who received it with the rest of Pallas's 
 splendid herbarium. Its native country is unknown. 
 From the ticket attached to the specimens, which is 
 scarcely legible, it seems to have been ol)tained fi-om 
 some Botanic garden. It can be confounded with no- 
 thing but spinosiss'ima or lutescens, from which its long, 
 weak, wiry shoots, clothed with very dense, setaceous 
 prickles distinguish it. I know no other Rose with 
 such an habit. Had it been caused by the plant grow- 
 ing in a shady close place, the shoots would not have 
 been covered with such dense arms, and the leaves 
 would have been further asunder. Its membranous fo- 
 liage will prevent any variety of R. spinosiss'ima being 
 mistaken for it, whose texture is always very firm and 
 rigid. Luxuriant shoots of the latter have very strong, 
 usually falcate prickles ; weak ones have none. 
 
 H 
 
aO UOSA sriNOSISSIMA. 
 
 31. ROSA spinosissiina. 
 
 R. annis incTf|ualil)iis, folioli.s planis iinj)i{l*ilins sinipH- 
 citer scnatis. 
 
 R. diinensis. Dodon. stirp. hist. 187. t. .3. 
 
 Cynorrliodi species, &c. Thai. sj/Ir. Jicrc. [sr>. 
 
 R. campestris odora. CI as. hist. 1. IIG. 
 
 R. prcecox spinosa fl. alb. Besl. eyst. vern. oriL 6. 
 fol. 5. 
 
 R. campestris, &c. Bcmli. pin. 483. 
 
 R. pinipiiieliie Iblio Ger. em. 1270. 
 
 R. pnmila spinosissima, &c. J. Bauh. hist. 2, 40. 2. 
 Rail hist. 1472. n. 15. sipi. 455. 
 
 u pumila, armis horizontalibus, fructu ovato. 
 * pedancalo glanduloso v. setosn. 
 
 R. spinosissima Linn! fl. suec. 442. sp. pi. 491. ed. 2\ 
 705. Herm. diss. 1762. Roth. germ. 1. 217. 2. 
 555. Willd. sp. 2. 1067. Pers. syn. 2. 48. Bieh. 
 taur. cauc. 2. 395. 
 
 R. cinnamomea Herm. diss. 7 r 
 
 R. 11. 1106. Hall. helv. 240. 
 
 R. chanicerhodoii Pill, daiiph. 3. 555. 
 
 R. pimpinellifolia^. Redout, ros. 1. 119. /. 44. 
 
 * pedunculo nudo. 
 
 R. spinosissima Fl. dan. t. 398. Huds. a?igl. 218. 
 Bull. par. t. 211 . All. pedem. 2. 138. Laivr. ros. 
 it. 18. 48. Smith ! hritt. 2. 537. Eng ! hot. t. 1 67. 
 Alton ! heiv. 3. 259. Smith! in Rees in I. H^oods f 
 in act. linn, 12. 178. 
 
 R. piinpinellifolia Linn! si/st. nat. ed. 10. 1062. sp. pi. 
 
 703. Monch. meth. 687. Rossig. ros. t. 9. /. 25. 
 
 f. 2. Decand.fl.fr. 4. 438. Gmel. had. als. 2. 
 
 415. Jacq. fragm. 71. t. 107. y. 1. Redout, ros. 
 
 1. 83. ^.29, 85. t. 30. 
 
ROSA SPINOSISSIMA. 61 
 
 R. scotica Mill. diet. n. 5. 
 
 R. coWma Schranh balers. Jl. n. 774. fide llitu. 
 
 13 reversa, piimila, armis gracilliinis : iiiferioriljiis de- 
 flexis, fructu ovato. 
 
 R. spinosissima «/(/r</. //Y/^m. 79. t. 124? nana An- 
 drews's roses ? reversa Lindl. in hot. reg. t. 431. 
 
 7 platycarpa, pumila, fructu depresso et pedunculo 
 setoso. 
 
 I pilosa, pumiia, foliis acutis infra pilosis. 
 
 c iitrbinafa, pumila, fructu turbinate. 
 
 ^ Pallasii, elatior, armis subeequalibus confertis. 
 
 R. pimpinellifolia Pall f 7^oss. 62. t. 75. c Redout, ros. 
 1. 84. 
 
 R. altaica Wdld. enum. 543. 
 
 Yi rossica, elatior, aculeis longis gracillimis. 
 
 3 islandica, elatior, aculeis maximis falcatis. 
 
 R. hibernica Hooker ! Iceland, in app, 
 
 I sanguisorhifolia, elatior, foliolis 9-11 oblongis, fructu 
 depresso-globoso. 
 
 R. sanguisorbifolia Donn! cant. ed. 8. 169. 
 
 Hab. cc in montosis maritimisq. totius Europse copiose ; 
 etiam in Caucaso, (Bieberstein) ; 7, I, c Ilibernia, 
 Hooker; ^ Rossia, Pallas ; Caucaso, (Bieb.) ; -/j Ros- 
 sia, Pallas ; B Islandia, Hooker ; (v. v, c. 8^ s. sp. 
 ^ herb. Banks, ■/] herb. Smith, ^ herb. Hooker.) 
 
 Obs. species quoad magnitudincm, fructuum superficicm et pc- 
 dunculorum mire varians. Rami nunc subincrmes, tortuosi, 
 aut strict!, nunc graciles, aculeatissimi; quo juniores, eo ar- 
 matiores. Varietas 5 facie diversissima est. 
 
 A dwarf, compact, dark (sometimes reddisb) green 
 busb, with creeping roots. Branches short, stiff, nmch 
 divided, beset by very dense, unequal prickles and 
 setaj; some of the former being usually falcate. Leaves 
 close together, quite free from pubescence; stipulce 
 either narrow or dilated, of nearly equal breadth ; pe- 
 
 H 2 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 |*mVERSnY OF OUNCHS 
 
52 ROSA SPINOSISSIMA 
 
 Holes setigerous and prickly; leaflets about 7, bright 
 green, flat, simply serrated, orbicular or nearly so. 
 Flowers solitary, M'ithout bractese, cyathiform, blush co- 
 loured ; peduncles naked, or rough with glands and 
 setce, as arc the sepals, which are short and entire ; 
 tube ovate or nearly round, naked; petals eniarginate, 
 concave; disk not thickened; sti/les villous, distinct. 
 Fruit ovate or nearly round, black or dark purple, 
 crowned by the connivent or somewhat spreading sepals. 
 
 I have already given my reasons for differing from 
 Afzelius as to the propriety of considering the " R. spi- 
 vosissima Linnoei prima et vera" to be 7{. ci?mamomea. 
 And I am equally unal)le to agree with Mr. Woods, 
 that the pinipinellijolia of the Linuccan herbarium re- 
 sembles R. rubella. On the contrary, I do not hesitate 
 to pronounce it, as Sir James Smith has done long ago, 
 indisputably my R. spinosissima a-. The work of 
 Schrank cited for R. collina of that author 1 have been 
 unable to examine, and therefore depend upon Rau for 
 its accuracy. 7^. spinosissima of Gorter seems to be 
 a cinnamomea ; whilst the plant called by the last name 
 by Hermann must be spinosissitna, on account of its 
 orbicular leaves and rough peduncles. The figures of 
 Bulliard and Flora Danica represent a very weak state 
 of it. 
 
 This can be confounded only with R. viminea and 
 grandijiora; from the first its stout, straight shoots 
 and strong prickles, and from the last the presence of 
 numerous setae among the prickles of the branchlets, 
 distinguish it. 
 
 /S has the arms of the stem slender and reversed; 
 its leaves are very glaucous, and in the spring it is co- 
 vered all over with a profusion of snow-white flowers. 
 Possibly it may have some pretensions to be a species. 
 Its native country is unknown ; unless the spinosissima 
 of Jacquin, found wild in Austria and figured in his 
 Fragmenta, should be the same; but the prickles are 
 horizontal. Otherwise they are much alike. 
 
 Varieties platt/carpa, pilosa and turbinata are only 
 
nOSA GRANDIFLORA. 58 
 
 known from si^cciniens collected in Ireland by my 
 friend Mi*. Hooker. Their characters sufficiently indi- 
 cate their particular differences. Pilosa can only be 
 distinguished from involuta by the simple serratures of 
 its leaves. It is very different nevertheless. 
 
 Pallas} i grows in elevated plains and exposed pre- 
 cipices from the Northern part of the Altaic moun- 
 tains, extending through Siberia. Its more robust 
 habit and the approach to equal size in its prickles are 
 its chief features. 
 
 Rossica has exceedingly long slender prickles ; it 
 exists in the extensive herbarium of Sir James Smith. 
 
 Islandica is the only Rose found in Iceland ; its 
 strong vigorous shoots led Mr. Hooker into the error of 
 considering it Hihernica, which I believe has never been 
 discovered out of the neighbourhood of Belfast, where 
 it was first detected. 
 
 Say} guisnrbi folia has a different appearance from 
 the rest. Its peduncles are very short, and its leaflets 
 unusually numerous. Native country unknown. 
 
 32. ROSA grandiflora. 
 
 R. setis ramorum nullis, aculeis subsequalibus distan- 
 tibus, foliolis planis impubibus simpliciter serratis. 
 
 R. pimpinellifolia B'leh. taur. cauc. 2. 394 : 
 
 Hab. in Sibiria, Hort.; in Caucasi subalpini coUibus 
 sterilibus? (Bieb.) (v.s. c. herb. Lyell, Sabine.) 
 
 It is chiefly at the suggestion of Mr. Sabine that I 
 have been induced to distinguish this from R. spino- 
 si^sima. They differ nearly in the same way as R. in- 
 voluta and Sabini, except that the latter is much more 
 
54 ROSA NANKINENSIS. 
 
 gigantic even in its variety (3 than the present plant. 
 The chief points of difference between the hitter and spi- 
 720sisshna are its hirger flowers and want of seta; among 
 the prickles of thebranchlets; characters which appear 
 to be constant here, althongh I have not admitted them 
 in uniting Sabini and Doniaua. However this may be, 
 it is too remarkable a plant to escape notice, and if it 
 shonld hereafter be reduced to spinosissima, it must 
 stand as a distinct varietv. I have little doubt, from 
 Bieberstein's account, that his R, p'unp'nicllifoUu is this, 
 especially as he divides it from spinos'iss'mKf, which so 
 accurate an observer would scarcely have done unless 
 his plants had actually been different. 
 
 Native of Siberia. 
 
 33. ROSA nankinensis. 
 
 R. pumila ramosissima, armis confertissimis, foliolis 
 acuminatis ciliato-serratis, sepalis aculeatis, petalis 
 apiculatis. 
 
 R. nankinensis Lour. coch. 3*24. 
 
 Hab. Cantone Sinarum et alibi, a Nankino oriunda. 
 (Lour.) 
 
 Stems shrubby, stout, very much branched, six 
 inches long, prickly all over. Petioles prickly, leaflets 
 in three pairs with an odd one, ovate-oblong, acumi- 
 nate, ciliato-serrate, flat, sessile. Flowers pale red, 
 small, double ; petals ovate-oblong, somewhat acumi- 
 nate, flat; peduncles hispid. Tube of the cahjx ovate, 
 smooth: sepals partly prickly, partly naked. Fruit 
 neither large nor pyriform. Lour. 
 
 Known only from Loureiro. It appears to be allied 
 to the last species, differing in having acuminate leaf- 
 lets and prickly sepals. Can it be a congener of R, 
 Lawranceana 9 
 
J. 
 
ROSA MYRIACANTHA. 55 
 
 34. ROSA myriacantha. Tab. 10. 
 
 R. armisinpeqnalibus: majoribiis piigioniformibiis, foliis 
 ghuululosis iinpubibus orbiculatis. 
 
 R. parvifolia Pall, ross, 62 ? 
 
 R. provincialis Bleh. taiir. cauc. 1. 396? 
 
 R. \v\ynixCiXni\\^ Decand. fl. fr. 4. 439. 
 
 Hal), in Ossetioe dunietis? Pallas; Delpliinatii, Z>. C. ; 
 juxta Monspelium, Reqiiien (v. s. sp. herb. Hooker. 
 Lambert.) 
 
 A little stunted shrub with almost simple erect 
 shoots; which are brownish and defended by dense, 
 slender, unequal, straight prickles and setae. Leaves 
 chiefly about the ends of the shoots, without pubes- 
 cence ; stipules narrow, glandular at the back ; petioles 
 glandular and setigerous, now and then furnished with 
 a few little straight prickles ; leaflets 5-7, eUiptical or 
 orbicular, doubly serrated, beneath rusty with glands. 
 Flowers solitary, cup-shaped, small, among the leaves, 
 without bractese; peduncle and calyx densely clothed 
 with glands and setae, except the upper part of the 
 globose tube; sepals reflexed after flowering, longer 
 than the unripe fruit ; disk a little elevated : the pro- 
 truding ends of the styles and stigmas not very hairy. 
 
 This Uttle plant has hitherto been found only in the 
 south of France, unless the synonym quoted from Pal- 
 las belongs to it. However, his account is too incom- 
 plete to enable us to determine it satisfactorily ; and 
 the very different habitats of the two will probably be 
 considered a material objection. It resembles in many 
 respects R. spinosissima in a stunted state. The glands 
 on its leaves appear sufficient to prevent their being 
 mistaken for each other. 
 
 R. provincialis of Bieberstein answers precisely to 
 this, and confirms me in supposing that the synonym of 
 Pallas belongs to it. 
 
56 ROSA INVOLUTA. 
 
 35. ROSA involuta. 
 
 R. armis valde injEqualibus coiifertissiinis, foliolis duplo 
 seiratis pubcscentibus, petalis convolutis, fruclu 
 aculeato. 
 
 R. spinosissima Mouch meth. 687? 
 R. involuta Eng ! hot. t. 2068. Ait. hew. ed. alt. 3. 
 260. Smith! inliees in I. IVoods! in act. linn. 12. 
 
 R. nivalis Donn. cant. ed. 8. 170. 
 
 Hab. in montibiis Scotioe, fValher. (v. v. c. 8s s. sp.) 
 
 Two or three feet high, compact, reddish gray. 
 Branches not much divided, erect, with very strong, 
 dense, unequal, straight prickles and setae and a cracked 
 bark. Leaves close together with a slight turpentine 
 smell when bruised; stipuUe narrow, somewhat con- 
 cave, acute, naked, but toothletted and fringed with 
 glands ; petioles hairy, glandular and setigerous, a few 
 straight longer prickles being interspersed ; leaflets 5-7, 
 concave, ovate, acute or obtuse, doubly serrated, naked 
 above or nearly so and opaque, villous beneath with a 
 few pale glands, scarcely distinguishable from the sur- 
 face. Flowers solitary, without bractese, red and 
 white ; peduncle, spherical tube of the calyx and simple 
 .tepals bristly all over with pungent setae and clammy 
 glands ; petals obcordate, involute ; disk a very little 
 elevated; unripe fruit crowned by the converging 
 sepals. 
 
 For the discovery of this the world is indebted to 
 Dr. Walker, who found it in the highlands of Scotland, 
 nor does it appear to have been observed elsewhere. 
 At least all the specimens I have seen from other 
 quarters marked R. involuta were decidedly either Sa- 
 bini or its variety Doniana. From these it is not very 
 easy to point out characters which will distinguish it 
 in a dried state. When growing, their appearance is 
 
ilOSA REVERSA. 57 
 
 exceedingly dissimilar. R. involida is a little dark 
 bush, with involute petals and very dense prickles ; its 
 leaves usually naked or nearly so on their upper surface, 
 and its fruit never ripening in a cultivated state. R. 
 Sahini is, on the contrary, a tall plant from 5 to 10 
 feet high. When its prickles are mixed with sette the • 
 largest of the former are falcate ; when there are no 
 setiE, they are straight. The leaves are hairy on both 
 sides, sometimes hoary, and the fruit usually comes to 
 perfection in the gardens. 
 
 36. ROSA reversa. 
 
 R. armis setaceis subaequalibus reflexis, foliolis dupli- 
 cato-serratis pubescentibus, fructu hispido. 
 
 R. reversa IValdst. 8$ Kitaib. hung. 3. 293. t. 264. 
 
 Hab. locis saxosis montium Matrse, (W. & K.) 
 
 A shrub in its wild state two or three, in a culti- 
 vated five feet high and more. Stems much branched, 
 on their lower half covered with weak, brown, equal, 
 deflexed prickles (setae?) Leaves pale, yellow green ; 
 petioles furnished with setae ; leaflets ovate, acute, finely 
 and doubly serrated, naked above, downy beneath : 
 the middle nerve is glandular. Flowers solitary, white 
 tinged with pink ; stalks and calyx hispid ; tube ovate ; 
 sepals nearly entire; petals emarginate concave. Fruit 
 ovate, dark purple, hispid, crowned by the sepals. W. 
 &K. 
 
 This was discovered in Hungary by Waldstein and 
 Kitaibel, who published a good figure of it in their fine 
 work on the rare plants of that country. It seems, as 
 far as can be ascertained from their account of it, to be 
 related to R. spino^issima on the one hand and to invo- 
 
 I 
 
58 llOSA MARGINATA. 
 
 lata on the other. From the former its doubly serrated 
 leaves and hispid fruit distinj^uish it, from the latter its 
 equal small ])nckles and black fruit. The figure indi- 
 cates a teudency of the petals to become involute; but 
 I know not whether it can be depended upon in such a 
 case. 
 
 Among the j^lants of Sievers from Pallas now in the 
 possession of Mr. Lambert are specimens of a Rose 
 from Davuria marked R. davurica ; but probably l)y 
 accident, as they in no way answer to the description 
 of that plant in Flora Rossica. If they be not of a 
 distinct species, they must be referred to this, from 
 which they chiefly differ in the colour of their fruit, 
 which is not black, but red and smooth, iu an unripe 
 state. 
 
 37. ROSA marginata. 
 
 R. pumila, ramis tortuosis junioribus pruinosis, foliolis 
 ovatis cordatis triplo serratis glaberrimis, sepalis 
 muricatis. 
 
 R. marginata IVallr. an. hot. 68. 
 Hab. in agrorum versuris sinistrorsCim a Bennstadt 
 (Wallr.). 
 
 A tortuous shnib 1-2 feet high, below protected by 
 a few prickles, above covered over by very dense 
 straight ones ; branches much divided, purple : the 
 branchlets frosted. Stipulw and petioles smooth, glan- 
 dular ; leaflets ovate oblong, cordate at the base, of a 
 firm texture, above shining, deep green, very smooth 
 on both sides, thrice serrated, serratures edged with red 
 and glandular. Peduncles hispid with glands ; tube of 
 the calyx spherical, coloured, very smooth; sepals 
 nearly entire, dilated at the end, almost rauricated 
 
ROSA SABINT. 59 
 
 with glands. Petals blush-coloured, with yellow claws 
 and no scent. Fjuit purplish. fVallr. I. c. 
 
 Differs from R. canina in having a dwarf stem in 
 every state ; the prickles being straight, subulate and 
 copious ; the petioles and stipuloe glandular ; leaflets 
 somewhat coriaceous, ovate-oblong with a cordate base, 
 thrice serrate and glandular, of a glaucous red; 
 flowers without scent; peduncles and sepals constantly 
 bristly with glands ; fruit ovato-globose, turgid and co- 
 loured. JVallroth. 
 
 From this description R. ?narginata should be a 
 very excellent species. But I nevertheless have some 
 fear that it may prove to be too nearly allied to R. ru- 
 biglnosa, if they even be distinct. No one appears to 
 have seen it except Wallroth, who undoubtedly maybe 
 depended upon for accuracy in describing the leaflets 
 as cordate ; the only instance of that form in the 
 genus. 
 
 38. ROSA Sabini. 
 
 R. setis raris aculeisq. insequalibus distantibus, foliolis 
 duple) serratis tomcntosis, sepalis compositis. 
 
 R. Sabini Woods ! in act. linn. 12. 188. 
 
 R. involuta Winch ! ess. geogr. 41. 
 
 /3 Dojiiana, setis subnuUis, aculeis rectiusculis. 
 
 R. Doniana Woods! I. c. 12. 185. 
 
 Hab. in Britannia septentrionali ; [3 etiarn in Sussexia 
 Bon-er (v. v. c. & s. sp.) 
 
 Shrub 8-10 feet high. Branches erect, stout, dark 
 brown, armed wnth distant falcate prickles and a few 
 setoe. Leaves grey, distant ; stlpuhe narrow, fringed 
 with glands ; petioles downy, glandular, armed with 
 
 I 2 
 
t30 llOSA SABINI. 
 
 little prickles ; leaflets 5-7, oval, doubly serrate, flat, 
 hairy on both sides, a little glandular beneath. Flotvers 
 usually solitary, sometimes in great bunches ; peduncles 
 and calf/x very hispid; the tube round; sepals com- 
 pound. Fnilt round, scarlet, hispid with setae. 
 
 By specimens from Mr. Winch I have ascertained 
 this to be his R. involuta. It is a charming plant; 
 and as it is by far the most interesting of our British 
 species, it has been with peculiar propriety dedicated 
 by Mr. Woods to our common friend Mr. Sabine. 
 
 It differs from R. involuta in being far more robust 
 and more strongly aculeated. The peduncles are soli- 
 tary or aggregate, and in the latter case furnished with 
 bracteoe ; the sepals also arc compound. It is so pre- 
 cisely intermediate between this diiision and the next, 
 that it might with equal reason be referred to either. 
 As it however is a British plant, and moreover con- 
 fessedly of the family of involuta, I have preferred 
 placing it in this division, notwithstanding its divided 
 sepals and somewhat thickened disk. 
 
 R. Doniana is more dwarf than the other, and has 
 straight prickles without sets on the branchlets. 
 
 Can this be after all a production of R. tonientosa 
 mollis P 
 
 Div. VI. Centifolioj. Setigerse, armis difformibus ; 
 bracteatye. Foliola oblonga v. ovata, rugosa. Dis- 
 cus incrassatus faucem claudens. Sepalacomposita. 
 
 Tliis division comprises the portion of the genus 
 which has most particularly interested the lovers of 
 flowers. It is probable that the earliest Roses of which 
 there are any records, as being cultivated, belonged to 
 some portion of it ; but to which particular species 
 
DIV. VI. CENTIFOLI^. 61 
 
 those of Cyrenc or Mount Paiigteus arc to be referred 
 it is now too late to inquire. I may be allowed, how- 
 ever, to conjecture that they may all have descended 
 from a common stock, and, by long-continued cultiva- 
 tion, have been brought to assume those a{)pearances 
 on which botanists rely for their dilferential characters. 
 
 The Attar which is so important an article of com- 
 merce is either obtained from them indiscriminately, as 
 in the manufiictory at Florence conducted by a convent 
 of friars, or from some particular kind, as in India. 
 From specimens in Mr. Lambert's herbarium brought 
 from Ghizapore by Colonel Hardwicke it appears that 
 jR. damascena is there exclusively used for obtaining^ 
 the essential oil. The Persians also make use of a 
 sort, which Kaempfer calls R. sh'irazensis, from its 
 growing about Schiraz, in preference to others ; this 
 may be, as I shall have occasion to explain shortly, 
 either R. damascena or centlfoUa. It is, however, well 
 known that Attar from different countries is of various 
 degrees of goodness ; that from Turkey being usually 
 the best. I am therefore disposed to think that R. 
 moschata may be sometimes used either alone or mixed 
 with other kinds ; especially at Mogadore, where, I am 
 informed by Dr. Shuter, considerable quantities are 
 procured, but of inferior quality. 
 
 To the three or four following species nearly all the 
 innumerable varieties of the gardens are referable. As 
 it does not enter into my plan to notice any except 
 such as are botanically remarkable, I gladly relinquish 
 the task of describing the garden varieties to my friend 
 Mr. Sabine, from whom an ample account may soon be 
 expected. In the mean time, it will be sufficient to 
 point out the distinguishing characters of the species 
 without entering into a particular description of each. 
 
 They arc all seti<Terous, by which they arc distinguishable 
 from the following divisions ; their incrassated disk and divided 
 sepals separate them from the preceding. To the division of 
 Rubiginosoe the glandiferous sorts approach ; but the different 
 Mature of their glands, the size of their flowers, and their dissi- 
 milar habit, prevent their being confounded. 
 
62 KOSA DAMASCENA. 
 
 39. ROSA dainasccna. 
 
 R. armis inrcqnalibiis inajonbns falcatis, sepalis reflcxis, 
 fructu elongato. 
 
 R. damascena Mill. diet. n. 15. Da Roi harhh. 2. 3()4. 
 mild. sp. 2. 1072. Ait. hew. ed. alt. 3. 2G3. 
 Smith! in Rees in I. Redoat. ros. 1. 137. ^.53. 
 
 R. belgica Mill. diet. 7i. 17. Da Roi harhh. 2. 364. 
 
 La Rose pale Regn. hot. c. Jig. 
 
 R. calendarum Muneh. haasv. ex Borh. holz. 330. 
 Russig. ros. tt. 8. 33. Gtnel. had. als. 2. 430. 
 
 R. bifera Poir. enc. 6. 270. Pers. syn. 2. 48. Redoat. 
 ros. 1. 107. ^.38.-121. t. 45. 
 
 Hab. in Syria ? (v. v. c.) 
 
 R. damascejia may be distinguished from 7^. centi- 
 folia by the greater size of its prickles, the almost uni- 
 versally green colour of its wood, elongated fruit, nu- 
 merous flowers, and especially by its long sepals being 
 reflexed during the time of flowering. In the last re- 
 spect it agrees with R. alba. The bloom is exceedingly 
 fragrant. R. hifera of some continental botanists is 
 the Qaatre saisons Rose of the French nnrseries ; and 
 perhaps, from the long succession of its flowers, the 
 most esteemed of all the varieties. Immense numbers 
 in pots are sold weekly in the flower markets in Paris. 
 I perceive no character to distinguish it, even as a va- 
 riety, from the more common state of damascena, un- 
 less its smaller size be sufficient. 
 
 The native country of this is still not known with 
 certainty. Sir James Smith has conjectured that it 
 may be the Rose introduced from Syria by a Comte de 
 Brie on his return from the crusades. Rut the most 
 satisfactory account of it has been given by Nicholas 
 Monardi, in his dissertation on the Roses of Persia, &c. 
 
ROSA DAMASCENA. 63 
 
 printed in Clus. exot. p. 48. He says they were called 
 damascencc because they are believed to have been 
 brought " ex Dauiasco nobilissinia Syriije urbe ;" and 
 he adds, they have only been known about thirty 
 years ; thus bringing the date of their introduction to 
 1575. His description of his plant is excellent, and 
 leaves no room for doul)ting that he meant the present 
 R. damascena. " Sunt rosaria hsec velut nostra, sed 
 magis arbusta, etc. — aculeos plurimos emittunt quin 
 et acutiores. Folia velut nostra sed ampliora. Floi'um 
 numerosiorem quantitatem eifundunt, qui 5 aut 6 ha- 
 bent folia. Inter album et rubrum medium colorem 
 sortiuntur." 
 
G4 ROSA CENTIFOLIA. 
 
 40. ROSA ccntifolia. 
 
 R. armls inseqnalibus nmjoribus falcatis, foliolis glan- 
 duloso-ciliatis, flonbus cernuis, calycibus viscosis, 
 fructu oblongo. 
 
 Rosa 11. 1. Liim. cliff'. 191. 
 
 R. ccntifolia Linn. sp. 704. Du lioi harhk. 2. 367. 
 Bull. par. t. 275. Lour. cock. 323? Ross. ros. 
 t. 1. Bieh. taur. cauc. 1. 397. Ran enum. 109. 
 Redout, ros. 1. 25. t. 1—37. t. 7.-77. t. 26 — 79. 
 t. 27. — 111. ^.40. 
 
 R. provincialis Mill. n. 18. Du Roi harhk. 2. 349. 
 fVilld. sp. 2. 1070. Pers. syn. 2. 48. Ait. kew. 
 ed. alt. 3. 261. Gjnelin had. als. 2. 429, Smith 
 in Rees in I. 
 
 R. polyanthos Ross. ros. t. 35. 
 
 R. caryophyllea Poir enc. 6. 276. 
 
 R. ungiiiculata. Desf. cat. 175. 
 
 R. varians Pohl. hohem. 2. 171. 
 
 jS muscosa, calycibus pedunculisque muscosis. 
 
 R. rubra plena spinosissiina, pedunculo muscoso Mill, 
 ic. 221. f. 1. 
 
 R. muscosa 3Iill. diet. n. 22. Du Roi harhk. 2. 368. 
 IVilld. sp. 2. 1074. Lawr. t. 14. Ross. ros. t. 6. 
 Pers. syn. 2. 49. Ait. kew. ed. alt. 2. 264. Ker 
 regist. tt. 53. 102. Redout, ros. 1. 39. t. 8. — 41. 
 t. 9.-87. t. 31. 
 
 R. provincial is (3 Smith in Rees in I. 
 
 y Poviponia, omnibus partibus minor. 
 
 R. ccntifolia minor Ross. ros. tt. 20. 37. 
 
 R. divionensis Ross. I. c. t. 24. 
 
 R. pomponia D. C. ft. jr. 4. 443. Red. ros. 1. 65. 
 /. 21. 
 
 R. burgundiaca Pers. syn. 2. 48. 
 
ROSA CENTIFOLIA. 65 
 
 R. provincialis y Smith in Rees in I. 
 
 R. centifolia r. Redout, ros. 1. 113. t. 41. 
 
 5 hipinnata, foliis bipinnatis. 
 
 R. centifolia l)ipinnata Pers. syn. 2. 48. Redout, ros. 
 2. II. ^.4. 
 
 Ilab. in Caucasi orientalis nemorosis (Bieb.) (v. v. c.) 
 
 This has mnch the appearance of the last, but may 
 be distinguished by its sepals not being reflexed at any 
 period, the flowers full double, and the petals very 
 large, whence the name of Cabbage Rose, by which it 
 is usually known. Its fruit is either oblong or roundish; 
 but never elongated. From gallica it may be told by 
 its flowers being cernuous, and by the larger size of its 
 prickles, with a more robust habit. It is well known 
 that these plants are usually propagated by inlaying; 
 but it is somewhat curious that, although the layers of 
 R. damascena strike root readily, those of centifolia 
 and gallica do not. 
 
 Sir James Smith is disposed to agree with those 
 who think this a native of the south of Europe ; but 
 the places in which it has been reported to grow wild, 
 in that quarter, are manifestly too suspicious to be ad- 
 mitted as authority for the habitat of a species so uni- 
 versally cultivated. I prefer, therefore, to place its 
 native country in Asia, because it has been found wild 
 by Bieberstein, with double flowers, on the eastern side 
 of Mount Caucasus, whither it is not likely to have 
 escaped from a garden. Perhaps the celel)rated Rose 
 of Schiraz, in praise of which Keempfer says so much, 
 may be this also, or damascena ; we have, however, no 
 materials for more than conjecture. Tiie flowers of 
 this are chiefly used for obtaining distilled Rose water ; 
 those of gallica for drying. 
 
 Pohl, in his Flora Bohemica, has considered gal- 
 lica and provincialis as varieties of each other. I am 
 much rather disposed to agree with Borkhausen and 
 French botanists, in taking the prt)rincialis of Miller 
 
 K 
 
66 KOSA CENTIFOLIA. 
 
 and tlie centij'olia of Linnrvus to he the same. On this 
 head no information is to be obtained from the Linnaiaii 
 herl)arinni, and therefore other means must be used to 
 ascertain the truth of the opinion. 
 
 There can be little doubt that Linufrus was ac- 
 quainted with the Provins and OlRcinal Roses, and it 
 is liighly probable tliat he had them both j^rowing in 
 the garden at Upsal. Admitting this to be so, it is 
 far more reasonable to suppose that he would distin- 
 guish these from each other, than that he would select 
 for a species so trifling a variety of one of tliem (gal- 
 lieu), as the Dutch hundred-leaved Rose is, and would 
 at tlie same time not notice so diHerent a looking plant 
 as the Provins. Let us see how far this is confirmed 
 by his publications. 
 
 R. centlfoHuy in the first edition of Species Planta- 
 rum, appears with the character " caule aculeato, pe- 
 dunculis hispidis, calycibus semipinnatis glabris,'* 
 which, as far as it can belong to either the Provins or 
 hundred-leaved Rose, is equally applicable to both, 
 lie quotes R. multiplex media Bauh. pin. 482, which, 
 from the reference to R. centifolia hatavica secunda of 
 Clus. hist. 1, 114, also cited by Linmeus, appears to 
 be a sort of small Provins Rose; since Clusius expressly 
 says it is intermediate between his centifolia hatavica 
 alba, which is the White Provins Rose, and his centi- 
 folia hatavica prima. In the second edition of Species 
 Plantarum the character is altered to " germinibus 
 ovatis pedunculisq. hispidis, caule hispido aculeato, pe- 
 tiolis inermihus," which applies pretty well to the Pro- 
 vins Rose and not at all to the other. The same re- 
 ferences are continued, and R. ruhra plena spinosissima 
 pedunculo mitscoso of Mill. diet. t. 221, f. 1, which is a 
 tolerably good figure of the Moss Rose, is added as 
 probably belonging to it. Now this he never would 
 have guessed to be a variety of the Hundred-leaved 
 Rose. 
 
 In his earlier publication, the Ilortus Cliflfortianus, 
 his R. iXo. 1. which is the same as his R. centifolia, 
 
ROSA CENTIFOLIA. 67 
 
 has the additional quotation of R. ccnfiJ'oHn rubra of 
 Besler's Hort. eyst. vern. 92. f. 4. which is really one 
 of the hundred-leaved Roses ; but which it is fair to 
 presume he afterwards discovered to be so, and conse- 
 quently erased, as it does not appear in his subsequent 
 pubUcations. The other references to R. maxima mul- 
 tiplex and R. hollandica rubella plenay quibusdam centl- 
 folia spiiwso frutice of Bauh. hist. 23G, unquestionably 
 belong to the Provins Rose. 
 
 Miller, however, judging from the name cetififhlia, 
 rather than from the specific character or references of 
 Linneeus, concluded too hastily that the Dutch hun- 
 dred-leaved Roses were intended. But as these were 
 evidently no varieties of the Provins Rose, he proposed 
 the latter as a new species, and, without further exa- 
 mination, he has been followed by subsequent writers 
 in this country. 
 
 The Moss Rose is a mere variety of the common 
 appearance of the Provins. Messrs. Lee and Kennedy 
 possess a plant which produces both indiscriminately ; 
 and Sir James Smith was informed in Italy that the 
 mossiness disappears almost immediately in that cli- 
 mate. 
 
 The Pompone, strangely confounded with the Bur- 
 gundy Rose by some, is smaller in all its parts ; and 
 the next variety, the celery-leaved Rose of the French 
 gardens, is a singular monstrosity with mis-sliapen bi- 
 pinnate leaves. I have seen a similar variety of R. ca- 
 nina growing in Mr, Sabine's garden. 
 
 K 
 
 2 
 
68 ROSA GALLICA. 
 
 41. ROSA gallica. 
 
 R. carmis subjEqimlibiis conformibus debilibiis, foliolis 
 rig^idis ellipticis, floribus crectis, scpalis ovatis, 
 fructu subgloboso. 
 
 R. rubra, &c. Bauh. hist. 2. 34. 
 
 R. n. 3. Li?i?i. cliff'. 191. 
 
 R. gallica Li?in fsp. 704. 3Iill. fig. t. 221. / 2. diet, 
 n. 20. Dii Roi harhk. 2. 363. All. ped. 2. 139. 
 Thunh. jap. 214? Willd. sp. 2. 1071. (Ross. ros. 
 tt. 17. 22. 25. / 6. 26. 28. 31. 36. 38. 39.) Pers. 
 syn. 2.48. Gnud. had. als. 2. 406. Ait! hew. 3. 
 262. Smith! in Rees in I. Redout, ros. 1. 73. t. 
 25.— 135. /.52.— 2. 17. t. 7.— 19. t. 8. 10. 
 
 R. centifolia Mill. diet. n. 14. IFilld. sp. 2. 1071. 
 Pers. syn. 2. 48. 
 
 Rosier de provins Regn. hot. 
 
 R. sylvatica Gater. moyitauh. 94. 
 
 R. rubra Lam. fl. fr. 3. 130. 
 
 R. holosericea Ross. ros. t. 16. dauiascena rubro- 
 
 purpurea ibid. t. 18. 
 
 R. belgica Brot. lus. 1 . 338. 
 
 R. blanda Brot. I c. ? 
 
 R. cuprea Jaeq. fragm. 31. t. 34. f. 4. 
 
 jS pumila, floribus simplicibus, radicibus repentibus. 
 
 R. pumila, &c. Bauh. hist. 2. 35. 
 
 R. pumila Linn, suppl. 262. Jaeq! austr. 2. 59. /. 198. 
 All. ped. 2. 140. mild. sp. 2. 1072. Pers. syn. 
 2. 49. Bieh. taur. eauc. 1. 397. Ait ! keic. 3. 263. 
 Pohl. hohem. 2. 172. fVahl. cauc. 150. Smith ! in 
 Rees in I. Rau enum. 112. 
 
 Rosa 1104 Hall. helv. 
 
 R. repens Muneh. hausv. 5. 281. 
 
 R. hispid a Munch. I. c. 
 
KOSA GALLICA. €9 
 
 R. austrlaca Crantz. austr. 86. Poll, palat. 50. 
 
 R. olympica Donn .' cant. ed. 8. 170. 
 
 y arvlna, foliis utrinque nudis. 
 
 R. arvina Krock. siles. 2. 150. Ran ennm. 106. 
 
 Hab. in sepibus circa Montalbanum, (Gaterau) ; du- 
 mosis circa Walzenber^, (Wibel) ; /3 circa Gene- 
 van! — frequens in collibus herbidis siccioribus, im- 
 primis ad sylvas et fruticetis Austrige, Jacquin; 
 Pedemontii, (All.); Taurise et Caucasi Iberici, 
 (Bieb.) ; y ad margines agrorum prope Retzbach, 
 (Rail), (v. V. c. et s. sp. herb. Banks.) 
 
 Since R. pumila of Jacquin is to be considered as 
 the wild state of this species, it ought perhaps to have 
 been placed first rather than as a variety. In that 
 case, however, the well-known name of gallica must 
 have been given up for another, the knowledge of 
 which scarcely extends beyond the country in which it 
 grows wild. 
 
 Switzerland and Austria produce it in the greatest 
 abundance, but it has also been found in Asia by Bie- 
 berstein. Rau informs us that in the vicinity of 
 Wurtzburg it grows so copiously as to injure the corn 
 exceedingly by its creeping roots, like Ruhus ccesius. 
 It is better known in our gardens by Donn's name of 
 olympica, while the name pumila is improperly applied 
 to R. majalis. 
 
 The numerous double varieties known under the 
 names of the Giant, Velvet, Bishop, &c. Roses are of 
 the most exquisite beauty, and would be unrivalled in 
 the vegetable world if accompanied by the fragrance 
 which characterizes less brilliant species. The most 
 splendid of them all is the Tuscany Rose, of which the 
 late Mr. Sydenham Edwards left an excellent figure, 
 which will soon appear in the Botanical Register. 
 
 The Rosa arvina of Krocker's Flora Silesiaca diffei'S, 
 as Rau himself confesses, in little except having a 
 smooth tube to the calyx and naked leaves. 
 
70 ROSA PARVl FOLIA. 
 
 R. gallica has many points in coniinon with R. 
 centifoUa. They may l)e distinguished in any state hy 
 the stiff iiprig-ht flowerstalks, want of large prickles, 
 rigid leaves and smallei* petals with shorter sepals of 
 the former; its mode of growth is more compact and 
 statnre generally less. Its leaves are moreover never 
 edged with glands, which those of centifoUa always 
 are. 
 
 Forskahl's Rosa gallica, which he mentions as 
 growing at Constantinople as high as the houses, and 
 w^ith douhle white flowers, cannot possihly be this. 
 Could he mistake R. moschuta for it? which is known 
 to be cultivated there. 
 
 42. ROSA parvifolia. 
 
 R. nana, armis subsequalibus, foliolis rigidis ovatis 
 acutis argute serratis, sepalis ovatis. 
 
 R. parvifolia Ehr, heitr. 6. 97. WilUL sp. 2. 1078. 
 Pers. syn» 2. 50. Smith in Rees in I. Bot. reg. 
 t. 452. 
 
 R. burgundiaca Ross. ros. t. 4. Gmel. had. als. 2.431. 
 Brat. lus. 1. 339. 
 
 R. remensis Desf. cat. 175. Decand.Jl.fr. 4. 443. 
 Mer. par. 191. 
 
 Hab. in montibus Divionensibus, (Durand) (v. v. c.) 
 
 A little dark, compact, blueish gray plant. Branches 
 somewhat glaucous, straight, erect, slender, armed 
 with unequal, scattered, slender, somewhat falcate 
 prickles and a few setae. Leaves on the strongest shoots 
 at least twice as long as the joints, on the branchlets 
 very densely aggregated ; stipules linear, nearly naked, 
 fringed with glands, bright green ; petioles hairy, hav- 
 
ROSA PAllVIFOLIA. 71 
 
 ing at the back a few strong^ sliort straiglitisb little 
 prickles, glandular; leaflets 3-7, usually 5, small, stiff, 
 ovate, acute, flat, very finely and simply toothed ; ser- 
 ratures with a gland on one side of a deep dull green, 
 rugose, and naked above, pale ash-colour, with a hairy 
 rib and prominent veins beneath, the lowest pair, when 
 more than three, generally very small. Flowers soli- 
 tary, overtopped by the young shoots, without bractese, 
 purple, always very double ; peduncle with no hairs but 
 a few weak setae : tube of the cal^x ovate, naked; sepals 
 ovate witli a point, nearly simple, concave, reflexed, 
 hairy and scattered over with glands, very much shorter 
 than the petals; these are spreading, except the inner 
 ones, which are in part formed from the ovaria and 
 very closely imbricated ; styles hairy, a little exserted, 
 and adhering by their down. 
 
 I have little hesitation in distinguishing this parti- 
 cularly from the last, especially as I have the authority 
 of the accurate and observing Ehrhart for doing so. 
 It surely differs as much from gallica as that does from 
 centifoUa, and as I have no varieties to enumerate of it, 
 there is the less difficulty in finding characters that 
 may be depended upon. I have seen it growing in the 
 most sterile and the most fertile soils ; yet without 
 material alteration in its appearance, and most cer- 
 tainly without the slightest tendency to assume the cha- 
 racters of gallica. M. Durand is reported, on the 
 authority of Decandolle, to have found this wild on 
 mountains in the neighbourhood of Dijon. 
 
72 DIV. VII. VILLOS.E. 
 
 Div. VIL Jlllos(e. Siirciili stricti. Aciilei rectius- 
 culi. Foliola ov.ata v. oblonga serratiiris divergen- 
 tibus. Sepala coiuiiventia persistentia. Discus in- 
 crassatus faiicern claiulens. 
 
 This division borders equally close upon those of Caninas and 
 Ruhiginoscc. From both it is distinguished by its rootshoots 
 being erect and stout, not bending gracefully except in the case of 
 the true tomcntosa. The most absolute marks of difference, how- 
 ever, between this and Canincc exist in the prickles of the former 
 being straight and the serratures of the leaves diverging ; I know 
 no instance in which these two taken together will not prove satis- 
 factory. If, as is sometimes the case, the prickles of this tribe 
 arc falcate, the serratures diverge the more evidently ; if, on the 
 contrary, the latter converge, the prickles become straighter ; the 
 former appearance being caused by luxuriance, the latter by debi- 
 lity. The reverse obtains in Canina;. Persistence of sepals is 
 another peculiarity by which the tribe under consideration may be 
 distinguished from the Caninoe. 
 
 Rubiginosce cannot be confounded with Villosoe^ on account 
 of their unequal hooked prickles and glandular leaves. Rough- 
 ness of fruit and persistence of sepals is common to both. 
 
 R, villosa has sometimes setae. 
 
ROSA TURBINATA. 7S 
 
 43. ROSA turbinata. 
 
 R. calycis tubo turbinate. 
 
 R. francofurtana Munch, hausv. 5. 24. Bork. hoh. 
 '3V2. Gmel. had. als. 2. 405. 
 
 R. turbinata Jit ! hew. 2. 206. mild. sp. 2. 1073. 
 Lawr. t. 63. Jacq. schonhr. 4. t. 415. Pers. syn. 
 2. 49. Jacq.fragm. 71. t. 107. f. 2? Smith! in 
 Rees in I. Ran emtm. 48. Redout, ros. \. 127. /. 
 48. 
 
 R. campanulata Ehr. heitr. 6. 97. 
 
 R. francfurtensis Ross. ros. t.W. Desf. cat. 175. 
 
 Hab. ; quasi spontanea in Germanise vineis et 
 
 dumetis. (v. v. c.) 
 
 A bush with the size and general aspect of R. da- 
 niascena^ from whicli it differs in having no setse, equal 
 straight prickles, ovate entire sepals, and turbinate 
 tube of the calyx. The native country of this Rose is 
 not exactly known. Ran asserts it to be a native of 
 Germany, and mentions as places of growth the bor- 
 ders of vineyards and bushy places. Yet it is difficult 
 to understand how so very double a flower should ever 
 be propagated by seed, and if not by seed, how it 
 should find its way to such places, except as the out- 
 cast of gardens. 
 
 .Tacquin, in his Fragmefita, figures the fruit of 
 what he considered to be a single state of this species ; 
 but it is oblong and muyt surely belong to something 
 else. 
 
74 ROSA VILLOSA. 
 
 44. ROSA viUoya. 
 
 R. foliolis clliptlcis obtusis, frnctu niaximo armis ri- 
 gidis confertis horrido, sepalis viscosis hispidis. 
 
 R. villosa Linn. sp. jd. 704. IVilld. sp. 2. !()()<). Smith! 
 hritt. 2. 5:J8. Eng. hot! 583. Ait. keiv. ed. alt. 
 3.2(30. Bieh. taur. cauc. 2.395. Decand. Ji. fr. 
 4. 440. Smith in Rees in I. Ran enum. 150. 
 Redout, r OS. 1. 67. t. 22. excl. Jig. fruct. (Laivr. 
 ros. t. 29.) 
 
 R. pomifera Herm. diss. 16. Bark! holz. 309. Gmel. 
 bad. als. 2. 410. 
 
 R. gracilis PVoods ! in act. linn. 12. 186. 
 
 Ilab. in Anglia septentrionali, IVoods; Gallia, (De- 
 cand.) ; circa Wircebnrgnni, (Ran) ; Tauriai mon- 
 tibus sylvaticiSj (Jiieb.). (v. v. c. et s. sp.) 
 
 Tbe largest of the genns, sometimes forming a 
 small tree, with a trunk as tliick as a man's arm. 
 Branches dull, very glaucous, frequently without any 
 tinge of red, armed with strong, straight, or somewhat 
 falcate, equal prickles, either scattered or under the 
 stipulee ; hranchlets with a few setae or none. Leaves 
 usually very large and gray, densely downy every 
 where ; stipulce spreading, acute, finely serrated and 
 fringed witli glands ; petiole glandular, with pale, fal- 
 cate, unequal prickles ; leaflets a])out 5, very unequal, 
 elliptical, flat, rugose, with a turpentine smell when 
 bruised, very coarsely and doubly serrated, the ser- 
 ratures diverging. Flowers in pairs, either blue or deep 
 red, of a middhng size; hractecc large, ovate, concave, 
 rugose, hoary, nearly smooth above ; peduncles very 
 short, they and the cali/x protected by rigid, unequal 
 setae, and clammy with glands; tube ovate, glaucous; 
 sepals narrow, compound, spreading ; petals longer 
 than the last, obcordate, a little crcnate at the edge ; 
 
ROSA VILLOSA. 75 
 
 disk elevated, not very thiek ; sti/les hairy, distinct, 
 usually much shorter than the ripe fruit. Fruit either 
 purple or deep red, round, with a thickened short pe- 
 duncle, covered with stilt' setae and crowned by the 
 connivent pale brown clammy sepals. 
 
 The distinction between this and the following hav- 
 ing- been ill understood by the greater part of botanists, 
 it has become not only very difficult, but in many cases 
 absolutely impossible, without authentic specimens, to 
 extricate their synonyms. The above are therefore all 
 I have thought it safe to cite. 
 
 The characteristic definition of LinnPeus, " germi- 
 nibus globosis aculeatis, peduncnhs hispidis, &c." by 
 which he meant to contrast the rigidity of the arms of 
 the former with the weakness of those of the latter, 
 places his plant beyond the reach of doubt, especially 
 because there is no state in which the fruit, either young 
 or old, of tomentosa can be called aculeated. Mr. 
 Woods, however, judging from the specimens marked 
 villosa in Linnaeus's herbarium, conceived that, not- 
 withstanding his specific character, he really intended 
 that variety of tomentosa which I have called mollis, 
 and wiiich he considers a distinct species. But I am 
 assured by the learned possessor of that collection, that 
 the specimen there is no authority whatever, because 
 it was acquired after the publication of the first edition 
 of Species pluntarum. It however confirms me in the 
 opinion that Linnaeus did not distinguish the two plants; 
 at least not in his pubhcations. For, in addition to 
 the proof afforded by his herbarium, Afzelius has as- 
 certained that R. tomentosa alone grows in the places 
 indicated by Linnaeus as producing his R. villosa. 
 
 The most essential point of difference between the 
 two is in the fruit, which has in R. villosa a consider- 
 able number of rigid setae and even prickles scattered 
 over its surface : while that of tomentosa can never be 
 termed more than hispid. It is also much larger in the 
 former than in the latter, and is more fleshy. The leaves 
 are larger, more exactly elliptical, and coarsely serrated. 
 
 L 2 
 
76 ROSA VILLOSA. 
 
 Tfie flowers usually grow in pairs and with stallvs of 
 unequal length : the longer drooping gracefully as the 
 fruit ripens. The young shoots are remarkably glau- 
 cous (as in R. alba), and there is a manifest tendency 
 to produce setie and glands on the branchlets. The 
 curious plant which Mr. Woods calls gracilis has nu- 
 merous setae intermixed with the prickles : thus having 
 in a great measure the characters of the centiJoli(v di- 
 vision. Mr. Sabine detected it among young plants 
 raised from seed of the common tree Rose, in Mr. Lee's 
 nursery at Hammersmith. 
 
 R. villosa of Pallas seems to be rather a variety of 
 R. ruhiginosa; of most other authors to be the next 
 species. 
 
 Grows probably all over Northern and Middle Eu- 
 rope and Northern Asia, but not in great abundance. 
 
ROSA TOMENTOSA. 77 
 
 45. ROSA tomentosa. 
 
 R. foliolis ovatis acutiusculis, fructii hispido nudove. 
 
 » veray surculis arcuatis, sepalis compositis. 
 
 R. n. 1105. Hall. helv. 
 
 R. MiWo^dL Du Roi! harbk. 2. M\. Huds. angl. 211) 
 var. (3. Monch. ineth. 688. Afz. tent. prim. Mer. 
 par. 190. Fl. da?!, t. 1458. Desv. journ. hot. 2. 
 117. 
 
 R. mollissiina Borh. holz. 307. fVilld. prodr. fl. het^ol. 
 1237. Gm. bad. ah: 2. 409. 
 
 R. tomentosa Smith ! hritt. 2. 539. Decand. Jl. fr. 
 4.440. Eug. bot! 990. Mer. par. 190. Pohl 
 hohem. 2. 1 7 1 . Pers. syn. 2. 50. Smith ! in Hees in I. 
 Woods! in act. linn. 12. 197. Redout, ros. 2.39. 
 t. 17. 
 
 R. dubia Wihel wirth. 263. 
 
 R. scabriuscula Eng. bot! t. 1896. Smith! in Rees 
 in I. Woods! in act. linn. 12. 193. Winch! ess. 
 geogr. 43. 
 
 R. foetida Bat, suppl. 29. Decand. siippl. 534. Re- 
 dout, ros. 1. 131. t. 50. 
 
 /S mollis, surculis stiictissimis, sepalis subsiinplicibiis. 
 
 R. villosa Fill, dauph. 3. 551. Woods ! I. c. 12. 189. 
 
 R. mollis Eng. hot! t. 2459. Smith ! in Rees in I. 
 Winch ! ess. geogr. 42. 
 
 R. heterophylla Woods! I. c. 12. 195. 
 
 R. pulchella Woods! in act. linn. 12. 196. 
 
 R. villosa minuta Rau enum. 166? 
 
 y resinosa, pumila, csesia, foliolis angustis, floribus ru- 
 berrimis. 
 
 Hab. per totam Europam sepibus incultisque ; y in 
 
78 ROSA TOMENTOSA. 
 
 Ilibcrnla, Dnimmond. (v.v.s.S^c; y s. sp. herb. 
 
 Hooker.) 
 
 Seven or ei^ht feet hig^b, spreading", very gray. 
 Jiratiehes somewhat glaucous, armed with straiglit, 
 (rarely falcate) equal, scattered prickles and without 
 setae. Leaves hoary ^^'ith down ; stipules concave, di- 
 lated, toothletted and fringed with glands; petioles 
 slightly prickly and glandnlar ; leajiets about 5, oblong 
 or ovate, obtuse, doul)ly serrated ; serratures diverging, 
 rarely converging; soft and rugose, paler beneath, and 
 sometimes slightly glandular, when bruised having a 
 turpentine smell. Flowers one or more, reddish, cup- 
 shaped, with short stalks ; hracteas ovate or oblong, 
 downy, longer or shorter than the peduncles, which are 
 hispid with unecpial setae and glands ; tiihe of the calyx 
 ovate, oblongor round, usually hispid, sometimes nearly 
 smooth ; sepals compound, spreading, always hispid at 
 the back ; petals entire, obcordate, concave ; dish thick- 
 ened, flat ; stifles very hairy, distinct. Fruit somewhat 
 purple, round or obovate, or depressed, usually hispid, 
 crowned by the converging sepals; but these sometimes 
 fall off immediately after the fruit is ripe. 
 
 If I am right in referring Borkhausen's Rosa moU 
 lissima to this varietv rather than the next, it will have 
 the claim of priority over Sir James Smith's tomentosa. 
 But, however, as this cannot be absolutely determined 
 without actual inspection of authentic specimens, I have 
 preferred leaving the name as I found it. 
 
 This is the most varial)le of the genus except ca- 
 nina ; but the greater part of the varieties are very 
 trifling and can be brought within the compass of a 
 tolerable definition only in the three instances of to- 
 mentosa and mollis of English Botany and resinosa of 
 Mr. Lyell's MSS. 
 
 The first has the leaflets smooth above (tomentosa /3 
 Woods, and fw.tida Bat.) — or smooth on both sides 
 ftomentosa y Woods) — or without glands (tomentosa o 
 Woods). The fruit is long, round, depressed or tur- 
 
IIOSA TOMENTOSA. 79 
 
 l)in;ite, liisj)i(l, or sinuotli, or nearly so. Flowers pule 
 blush, or deep red, or blotched, as in the English Botany 
 figure of R. scahriuscula. This plant is very common 
 in Suffolk, and may well have ])nzzle(l Mr. Woods to 
 find out what the important difference is between it 
 and tvmevtosa. In fact, a vague, almost indescribable 
 dissimilarity in their general aspect, chiefly caused by 
 the larger leaves of the former, is all they can be dis- 
 tinguished by, even by the most practised observer. 
 !So far is the pubescence from being harsher than in to- 
 mentosa, that it is just the reverse. What Mr. Winch 
 finds near Newcastle has more acute leaflets than the 
 Suffolk plant, which is very well represented in English 
 Botany. 
 
 R. J'cctida of Batard's supplement to the flora of 
 the Maine and Loire is a weak variety with leaves 
 smooth above. Its fruit is said to be fetid when bruised. 
 R. Reipiieri referred here by Woods seems rather to be 
 R. rubiginosa Jiexuosa. 
 
 (3 has certainly a well-marked character, in its mode 
 of growth, to distinguish it from a — its rootshoots 
 being very straiglit and not bent like a bow, as in the 
 other. I doubt, however, whether this can be consi- 
 dered sufficient without some additional peculiarities. 
 The undivided sepals are tolerably constant ; but I 
 have specimens from Mr. Lyell of a Northumberland 
 plant which produces both. These in Iwterophylla are 
 confessedly a little divided ; and in pulchella, which 
 has all the appearance of the stunted state of mollis 
 figured in English Botany, are quite compound again. 
 Many specimens of R. tomentosa have sepals perfectly 
 intermediate between compound and nearly simple; 
 and I believe it will not be doubted that the distinction 
 between simple and subsimple is too ambiguous for 
 specific discrimination. I have examined Mr. Woods's 
 own specimens of R. pulchella without being able to 
 detect the crenature of the petals, on which he is dis- 
 posed to place too much confidence. For it cannot 
 be worth much as a character unless the comparative 
 size of flowers be admitted also; since it always happens 
 
so ROSA TOMEXTOSA. 
 
 tliat cnmipled petals have tlieir margin more or less 
 crenated. Plants of R. hihernica in Mr. Lyell's garden 
 had crenate petals one season and emarginate ones the 
 next. 
 
 Variety rcshwsa is a very interesting plant, and may 
 be considered as tlie same sort of otKspring of tomentosa 
 as Rau's actp/ii/ilK is of canlna. ^^'ild specimens are 
 smaller in all their parts, with very compact foliage, 
 narrow hoaiy leaves, and bright red flowers. I have, 
 however, an intermediate specimen from the same part 
 of Ireland, and in Mr. Lyell's garden the cultivated 
 plant is becoming more robust every year and less hoary. 
 It was found in the south of Ireland by Mr. Drummond, 
 curator of the Botanic garden at Cork, and kindly 
 communicated bv Mr. Hooker. 
 
 80 closely do tomentosa and canhia border on each 
 other, that, as satisfactory marks of difference, I have 
 only to propose the straight prickles, diverging ser- 
 ratures, hispid fruit, sepals and peduncle and soft 
 leaves of the former, as contrasted with the hooked 
 prickles, converging serratures, smooth calyx, decidu- 
 ous sepals, and naked or harshly pubescent leaves of 
 the latter. R. tomentosa lias usually the sepals erect 
 during flowering, but I have specimens from Cha- 
 nioiini, gathered by Mr. Hooker^ with reflexed ones. 
 
ROSA ALBA. 81 
 
 46. ROSA alba. 
 
 R. foliolis oblongis glaucis supra niidinsculis siiiipliciter 
 serratis, sepalis reflexis, fructii inerini. 
 
 R. sativa Dndon. pempt. 180. t. 1. 
 
 R. Candida plena et seniiplena Bauh. hist. 2. 44. 
 
 R. darnascena fl. pi. albo. Besl. eyst. vern. ord. (5. 
 
 R. alba Linn ! sp. 705. Mill. diet. n. 16. All. pedem.. 
 2. 139. Lour, cochin. 323? IVilld. sp. 2. 1080. 
 Monch meth. 689. Lawr. ros. tt. 23. 25. 32. 37. 
 Decand. fl. fr. 4. 448. Pers. syn. 2. 49. Ait. 
 hew. ed. alt. 3. 267. Gniel. bad. als. 2. 427. FL 
 dan. 1215. Smith! in Rees in I. Ran eniun. 94. 
 Redout, ros. 1. 97. t. 34—117. t. 43. 
 
 R. usitatissima Gat. montauh. 94. 
 
 Hab. in Pedemontio, (Allioni) ; Cochinchina ? (Lon- 
 reiro) ; in sepibus Fionige, (Fi. dan.) ; Gallia^, (De- 
 cand.) ; Hessiee et Saxoniee, (Roth), (v. v. c.) 
 
 Six or seven feet highj spreading, very grey. 
 Branches strong, dull, glaucous, on the sunny side 
 sometimes red, armed with straightish or falcate, slen- 
 der or strong, unequal, scattered prickles and no setae. 
 Leaves dull, glaucous ; stipulce narrow, flat, elongated 
 at the end, nearly naked, serrated and fringed with 
 glands ; petioles downy, glandular and prickly ; leaflets 
 7 or 5, large, rugose, ovate, or nearly round, obtuse or 
 with a little point, simply serrated with pointed teeth, 
 above naked, beneath downy and very pale. Mowers 
 large, numerous, either white or of the most delicate 
 blush colour, frequently double ; bractecv lanceolate, 
 downy, straight, concave; peduncles with unec[ua.\ weak 
 setfE; tube of' the calyx oblong, naked or bristly at the 
 
 M 
 
82 ROSA IIIIJERNICA. 
 
 bottom; sepals lon^;, pinnated, hispid on the outside, 
 reflexed, deciduous ; petals concave, emai^inate ; disk 
 thickened, and fattened; .v////c.v villous, distinct. Frtiit 
 oblong-, scarlet or blood-coloured. 
 
 If R. galltea be the most splendid of tlie garden 
 Roses, this species may be considered the most beauti- 
 ful. Nothing can be more delicately coloured than its 
 full double, blush petals, nor more gratefully fragrant 
 than their scent. It is naturalized on the banks of the 
 Tyne, as I am informed by Mr. Winch; but it has not 
 yet been found wild in this country. It has been dis- 
 covered in France ; and is not unconunon in Germany 
 and Piedmont. Is it possible that Loureiro's R. alba 
 can be it ? 
 
 Rugose, very glaucous leaves, simple serratures, 
 long, reflexed, deciduous sepals, and usually acicular 
 unequal prickles, divide it from R. tomentosa and ca- 
 nina. R. turhhiata resembles it more in its botanical 
 characters than in reality. 
 
 47. ROSA hibernica. 
 
 R. aculeis insequalibus : minoribus setiformibus, foliolis 
 ovatis acutis nudiusculis simpliciter serratis. 
 
 R. hibernica Ens;, hot! t. 2196. Ait! hew. ed. alt. 3, 
 261. Smith! in Rees int. Woods! in act. linn. 
 12. 222. 
 
 Hab. in Hibernia Templeton (v. v. c. ^ s. sp. herb. 
 Banhs, Hooker, Smith, S^c.) 
 
 A compact shrub three or four feet high. Branches 
 erect, reddish brown, with equal, straight prickles and 
 
ROSA IIIIJERNICA. 83 
 
 no sctffi ; hrancldd.s with weak unequal prickles, some 
 of which are very small; rootsJioots ratiier setigerous, 
 covered all over with much lou<;^er, but unequal prickles, 
 some of which are hooked. Leaves like those of R. 
 spinosissuna satigui.sorhi folia, but larger and more acute; 
 leaflets generally 5, hairy beneath, especially at the 
 rib, simply serrated. Flowers solitary, almost always 
 without bracteffi ; peduncle, round tube of tlie cali^x and 
 sepals naked, the latter compound, reflexed after flower- 
 ing: ;?e/a/.y concave, eniarginate; disk fiat, conspicuous. 
 F?'uit crowned witli the sepals, deep dull red. 
 
 It is more difficult to assign a situation for this, than 
 for any other species of the genus. Its habit is when 
 WTak, like sp'mosiss'ima; when more vigorous, like ca- 
 n'lna; and if exceedingly luxuriant, like tomentosa mol- 
 lis. It comes better into the character of the division 
 where I have placed it than elsewhere, and may be con- 
 sidered as a transition from Villosw to Caninw. Mr. 
 Woods, with his usual acuteness, has selected as its 
 most important character the mixture of small straight 
 prickles on the branches, adding, " It is true that R. 
 hihernica has this in common with rubiginosa ; but the 
 entire want of glands, the simple serratures and the 
 shape of the fruit, render it impossible that any mistake 
 should arise between them." 
 
 If this be not the most interesting, it is at least the 
 most valuable of the genus ; — or, rather, was so to Mr. 
 Templeton, who found it, as he became entitled to 
 fifty pounds, offered as a premium by the patrons of 
 Botany in Dublin, for the discovery of a new Irish 
 plant. The neighbourhood of Belfast is the only part 
 of the world in which it has yet been detected. 
 
 M 2 
 
84 ROSA LUTEA. 
 
 Div. VIII. Ii((h/si}}iosfe. Acnlei inrequales, nunc seti- 
 fornic's, ram (an nnquani?) nnlli. Foliola ovata v. 
 oblonga, g-lanchilosa, scrraturis divergentiljus. Sepala 
 persistentia. Discus incrassatus. Surculi arcuati. 
 
 The numerous glands on the lower surface of the leaves will 
 usually suffice to prevent any thing else being referred to this tribe. 
 But R. tomcntosa has sometimes glandular leaves, and in such 
 cases the inequality of the prickles of Rubiginoscc and their red 
 fruit will alone distinguish them. 
 
 48. ROSA liitea. 
 
 R. aculcis rectis, foliolis planis concavis, calycibus sub- 
 inermibus integris. 
 
 R. lutea Dodov. pempt. 187. Bau/i. hist. 2. 47. 
 
 R. lutea simplex Bank. pin. 483. Besl. eyst. vern. ord. 
 6. fol. 5. 
 
 R. eglanteria L/w» .' sp. 703. IFlhel. icerth. 263. Roth. 
 germ. 1. 217. 2. 553. Decand. fl. Jr. 4. 437. 
 Pers. si/n. 2. 47. Mer. par. 189. Redout, ros. 1. 
 69. t. 23. 
 
 R. lutea Mill' diet. n. 11. Du Roi harhh. 2. 344. 
 
 JMonch meth. 688. PVilld. sp. 2. 1064. Lawr. ros. 
 
 t. 12. Curt, hot. mag. n. 363. Ait! hew. 3. 258. 
 
 Gmel. had. als. 2. 403. Smith.' in Rees in I. Rau 
 
 enum. 157. 
 R. foetida Herm. diss. 18. All. pedem. 2. 138. 
 R. chloropbylki Ehr! heitr. 2. 69. 
 R. cerea Rossig. ?ym'. t. 2. 
 (2 pinticea, floribus bicoloribus. 
 R. svlvestris austfiaca, (lore plucnicco Hort. angl. 66. 
 
 18. 
 
ROSA LUTEA. 85 
 
 R. piinicea Mill. diet. n. 12. Du Roi harhh. 2. 347. 
 Ross. ros. f. 5. 
 
 R. cinnainomca Rofh. germ. 1. 217. S^ 2. 554. 
 
 R. liitea h'lcolov Jacq ! vind. 1. t. 1. Lawr. ros. t. 6. 
 Sims hot. mag. n. J077. Ait! Jxeiv. 3. 258. Smith! 
 in Rees in I. 
 
 R. eglanteiia punicea Redout, ros. 1. 71. t. 24. 
 
 Hab. circa Alliano, (Allioni) ; in sepibus Wertheimen- 
 sibiis, (Wibel) ; in Gallia australi, Requien; circa 
 Wirceburgiim, (Ran) ; (o in Austria, (v. v. c. 8^ s. 
 sp. herb. Hooker.) 
 
 A naked-looking busb, about four feet high. 
 Branches somewhat erect, shining, dark brown, de- 
 fended by pale, straight, nearly ecpial, scattered prickles 
 and no sette; roof shoots more densely armed. Leaves 
 somewhat shining, deep green; stipules narrow, dilated 
 and divaricated at the end, finely toothed and fringed 
 with glands, a little pubescent or not ; petioles naked 
 or downy, rarely glandular ; lea/lets 5-7, elliptical or 
 ovate, a little pointed, spoonshaped, simply or doubly 
 serrated, naked above, hairy more or less and glandular 
 beneath. Flowers deep yellow, large, cupshaped, soli- 
 tary ; bractece none ; peduncle and tube oj' the calyx un- 
 armed, the latter ovate; sepals ovate, pointed, little 
 divided, setigerous and even prickly on the outside ; 
 petals obcordate ; 6?/.yA' thickened; styles villous, dis- 
 tinct. Fruit unknown. 
 
 This, as Sir James Smith observes, has been strangely 
 confounded by some botanists with R. sulphurea. And 
 yet their resemblance chiefly consists in the similarity 
 of colour in their flowers ; sulphurea being undoubtedly 
 allied to R. sihirica, lutescens. Sec. and this, thougli 
 very diff'erent, so closely bordering upon R. rubiginosa 
 that Linnaeus at one time did not distinguish them and 
 imited them under the name of eglunteria. This name, 
 De Theis tells us, should be written aiglanteria, being 
 formed from aig, which is derived from the Celtic ac, 
 and signifying point. French botanists have agreed to 
 
36 ROSA RUBIGINOSA. 
 
 consider this tlie real eglanteria of Linncipiis, and liave 
 continued that name in preference to Miller's. As far 
 as the authority of the Linna3an herbarium goes, they 
 have it in their favour. But I nevertheless prefer fol- 
 lowing Willdenow and others in retaining the name 
 lutea, rather than one which is by no means either ex- 
 pressive or generally adopted ; and, if we may judge 
 from what Linncous says in the first edition of Species 
 Plantarum, he at that time had rublgmosa in view. 
 
 It is known at first sight by its branches with foliage 
 only at the extremities, prickles usually several under 
 the stipulse, and leaflets which are hollow like the bowl 
 of a spoon. The only spontaneous specimens I have 
 seen were gathered near Avignon by M. Requien, and 
 are in the possession of Mr. Hooker. 
 
 49. ROSA rubiginosa. 
 
 R. aculeis aduncis, foliolis rugosis opacis, calycibus pe- 
 dunculisque hispidis. 
 
 a vulgaris^ aculeis fortibus valde insequalibus, styiis 
 villosis, fructibus ovatis v. oblongis. 
 
 R. sylvestris odorata Dodon. pempt. 186 ic. 2. 
 
 R. sylvestris foliis odoratis Bank. pin. 483. 
 
 R. foliis odoratis, &c. Bauh. hist. 241. 
 
 R. sylvestris odora Ger. 1087. 1. 
 
 R. Fl. Suecica 443. 
 
 R. eglanteria Mill. diet. n. 4. Du Roi harhk. 2. 336. 
 Iluds. ano'l. 218. AJ'z. tent. 1. tVoods ! in act. 
 linn. 12. 206. 
 
 lU rubiginosa Linn ! mant. 2. 564. All.pedem. 2. 140. 
 Mijnch meth. 688. (Lawr. ros. ^/. 41. 61. 65. 72. 
 74.) Roth. germ. 2. 558. fVilld. sp. 2. 1073. 
 
ROSA RUBIGINOSA. 87 
 
 Smith! hrift. 2. 540. Schkuhr hot. kandh. /. 134. 
 Eng. hot! t. 991. DecamLfl.fr. 4. 445. Pers. 
 syn. 2.49. Bieb. taur. caucl\.''398. Ait! hew. 3. 
 2()4. Gmel had. als. 2. 407. Smith! in Rees in I. 
 R. siiavifolia Lighff. scot. 1. 262. Fl. dan. t. 870. 
 
 R. pseudo-rubiginosa Lejeune Ji. des env. de Spa ex 
 Desv. 
 
 R. rubiginosa vulgaris Rau enum. 130. glabra Rau 
 
 I. c. 137. 
 fo fnicrantha, aciileis ramulorum sequalioribus v. nullis, 
 
 sepalis ante maturitatem deciduis, stylis villosius- 
 
 culis, fructibus oblongis v. obovatis. 
 
 R. odoratissima Scop. cam. I. 354. 
 
 R. ** ? Crantz stirp. austr. 1. 87? 
 
 R. eglanteria rubra Ross. ros. t. 10. 
 
 R. rubiginosa Jacq. austr. 1. 31. ^.50? 
 
 R. Crantzii Schultes ohs. 94 ? 
 
 R. rubiginosa triflora Wild. herl. haum. 397. fVallr. 
 an. hot. 65. Rau enum. 134. Redout, ros. 1. 93. 
 ^.34. 
 
 R. micrantha Eng. hot ! t. 2490. Decand. suppl. 539. 
 Smith! in Rees in I. Woods! in act. linn. 12. 209. 
 
 R. eglanteria americana Andrews s roses, c. Jig. 
 
 R. suaveolens Pursh. am. septr.n. 11. Smith! in Rees 
 in I. 
 
 R. nemorosa Lejeune spa. 2. 311. ex Redout, 
 
 R. rubiginosa resinosa Wallr. an. hot. 65.— — -parvi- 
 folia Rau enum. 135. 
 
 R. rubiginosa nemoralis Redout. ?'os. 2. 23. 1. 1 0. 
 
 y umhellata, inflorescentioe ramulis aculeatissimis, 
 fructibus elongatis. 
 
 R. umbellata Leers herb. 119. add. 286. Gmel. had. 
 als. 2. 425. D. C. suppl. Ji. Jr. 532. Rau enum. 
 140. 
 
 R. sempervirens Roth. germ. 1. 218. 2. 536. 
 
 R. tenuiglandulosa 3Ier. par. 189. 
 
88 ROSA RUBIGINOSA. 
 
 R. cglanteria cymosa If^oods! in act. Uvn. I. c. 
 
 I ? graudijiora, foliis nudiusculis, floribus maximis, 
 friictu purpureo. 
 
 R. grandiflora IFallr. an. hot. 66. ^ 
 
 i Jiexuosa, rainis valde flexuosis, foliolis suborbiculatis, 
 
 bracteis decidiiis, floribus subsolitariis, stylis impu- 
 
 bibus. 
 
 R. Reynieri Hall. Jil. in Rom. arch. h. 1. st. 2. /?. 7? 
 
 R. flexuosa, Rau emtm. 127. 
 
 R. montana Decand. suppl. 532? 
 
 ^. rotiindifoUa, ramis flagelliformibus : aculeis rectiiis- 
 culis tenuibus, foliolis subrotiiudis diiplo miiioribus, 
 calycis tube subgloboso glabro. 
 
 R. rubiginosa rotundifolia Rau eman. 136. 
 
 71 septum, ramis debilibus flexuosis, foliolis utrinque 
 acutis, floribus sub-solitariis, fructibus glaberrimis, 
 sepaloiiim laciniis angustissimis. 
 
 R. he\vel\c3, Hall. Jil. in Rom. arch. h. 1. st. 2. p. 6? 
 
 R. myrtifolia Hall! Jil. MSS. 
 
 R. caniua /3 D. C. fi. fr. ed. 3. 3716 ex D. C. 
 
 R. sepiiim Thuill. par. 252. Mer. par. 192. D. C! 
 suppl. 538. 
 
 R. agrestis Savi pis. 1. 475. mat. med. t. 27 ex D. C. 
 
 R. biserrata 3Ier. par. 1 90 ? 
 
 R. macrocarpa id. fide Desv. 
 
 R. stipularis id. fide Desv. 
 
 B inodora, aculeis valde aduncis suboequalibus, foliolis 
 minus glandulosis, sepalis ante maturitatein deci- 
 duis. 
 
 R. villosa Pall. ross. 63 ? 
 
 R. inodora Agardh. novit, 9. 
 
 R. dumetorum Eng! hot. t. 2579. Smith! inRees in I. 
 
 R. Borreri Woods ! in act. linn. 12. 210. 
 
 Hab. per totam Europam copiose ; Caucaso, (Bieb.) ; y 
 Anglia infrequens ; Germania, (Roth); Gallia, (De- 
 cand.) ; ; circa Wirceburgum, (Rau) ; Helvetia, 
 
ROSA RUBIGINOSA. 8t 
 
 Iloohcr; {''circa AVirccburgurn (Ran); >j Gallia 
 Decinid.; ^Ang-lia; Rossia (Pall.); Sueciaj (Agardh). 
 (v. V. sp.; i, -/;, A\ sj). herb. Hooker.) 
 
 Much branched, three or four feet high, with a 
 more compact habit than R. caninu. Branches bright 
 green, flexnose, armed with numerous, hooked, un- 
 equal, scattered, strong prickles ; on the rootshoots 
 sometimes very small and tipped with a gland. Leaves 
 dull, rugose, green, very sweetscented, covered beneath 
 with numerous brown glands ; stlpulce dilated, tooth- 
 letted, hairy beneath ; petioles with a few strong, un- 
 equal prickles ; leaflets 5-7, roundish or ovate, pointed, 
 doubly serrated, somewhat spoonshaped, usually naked 
 above, covered with hairs, and very pale and rugose 
 beneath. Flowers one to three together, concave, pale 
 blush ; hractea^ pale, lanceolate, acute, concave, slightly 
 hairy and glandular ; peduncles and calyx hispid, with 
 weak set a^; /«^e ovate: 5e/?«/A" reflexed, pinnate ; joe#«/** 
 obcordate ; disk much thickened; ovaries '.iO-AO ; stifles 
 hoary, distinct. Fruit orange red, roundish, oblong 
 or obovate, hispid or smooth; crowned by the ascend- 
 ing sepals. 
 
 Under the foregoing species I have attempted to 
 explain why I cannot agree with Mr. Woods in adopting 
 the rejected Linnaean name of eglanteria. If it is to be 
 retained at all, this is certainly not the plant to bear it. 
 
 The more common appearance of this plant is a 
 compact, much-branched bush, with pale red flowers in 
 threes, bristly scarlet fruit and bright green but not 
 shining leaves, which are powerfully and gratefully 
 fragrant. All these characters are, however, liable to 
 considerable variation, and have been the foundation of 
 a multitude of supposed species. Many of them have 
 been given up by their authors ; and those which re- 
 main may be reduced to seven natural groups, to which 
 I have prefixed the best charjicters I have Ijeen able to 
 find. 
 
 N 
 
00 ROSA RUBIGINOSA. 
 
 R. mlcrayitha was first proposed as a species by Sir 
 James Smith in Eiiglish Botany, and has been more re- 
 cently adopted by Mr. Woods, who attempted to dis- 
 criminate it l)y its long fruit and the equal size of the 
 prickles. But these appearances are very inconstant, 
 and may not unfreqnently be observed on indisputable 
 R. ruhighiosa. It is common in the south of England 
 with very small flowers ; but Mr. Lyell, who has con- 
 stant opportunities of watching it, is unable to distin- 
 guish it essentially from the common sweetbriar. The 
 scent of the leaves is equally variable in both. There 
 are, however, some peculiarities which, though not of 
 much importance, will help to distinguish it with to- 
 lerable certainty. Frequently it produces long, ram- 
 bling, unarmed shoots, which are rarely observed in R. 
 rubiginosa. The styles are often without pubescence, 
 and the sepals usually drop off before the fruit is quite 
 ripe. It appears to be the R. ruh'ighwsa triflora of 
 German botanists, and the variety nemoralis of Re- 
 doute. Jacquin's iigure m Flora Aitsfriaca seems to be 
 this, but the detached fruit is rounder than I have ever 
 observed it. Ci-antz describes his R.**, in Stirpes 
 austriacie, with entire sepals ; otherwise I perceive no 
 material difference in his account of it. 
 
 The American Sweetbriar, R. -suovedlens of Pursh, 
 is admitted by American botanists to be an imported 
 species, now naturalized in many parts of the United 
 States. Sir James Smith, with his usual liberality, has 
 permitted me to examine the specimens from which he 
 framed his account in Rees's (Jyclopoedia. They were 
 sent from Pennsylvania by Muhlenberg, and differ in 
 no respect from the European plant. The leaflets are 
 by no means rounder than they often are in this coun- 
 try. Pursh had no specimens ; therefore what he says 
 about the undivided calyx was probably taken from 
 Andrews's wretched figure ; on which, it is evident, no 
 reliance whatever can be nlaced. 
 
 A. 
 
 R. umhellata is very common in the gardens, with 
 flowers in a semidouble state. Its aspect is that of R. 
 caucasea. I have counted as many as forty flowers in 
 
ROSA RUBIGINOSA. 91 
 
 one bunch, and all of them producing fruit. Its more 
 robust mode of growth, antl having the ramifications 
 of the inflorescence closely covered with sette and 
 straight prickles, which are also scattered all over the 
 tube of the calyx and sepals, are sufficient to point it 
 out. Roth mistook it for R. sempervireus ; and Rau 
 appears not to have understood the latter much better, 
 as I shall have occasion to show hereafter. It is the R. 
 eglanteria ti/mosa of Woods. 
 
 My next variety ^ is the R. grandiflora of Wallroth, 
 and referred here not without considerable hesitation. 
 His description answers pretty well to var. ^, but he 
 says the fruit is " demum atro-purpureus" and flowers 
 *' roseo-purpurei." Moreover the large size of the 
 latter and the leaves very green and nearly without 
 down are not characteristic of R. rubiginosa hiodora. 
 
 When I first received s from Mr. Hooker, who ga- 
 thered it near Seez, I did not doubt it would prove a 
 distinct species, distinguished by its zigzag branches, 
 very broad round leaves, and perfectly glabrous styles. 
 The latter peculiarity is, however, not unfrequent in R. 
 rubiginosa viicrantha, which always has a less quantity 
 of pubescence on that part than the common sweet- 
 briar. More extended observations have also convinced 
 me of the insufficiency of the shape of the leaves and 
 mode of ramification, both of which may perhaps be 
 owing to accidental circumstances. The description of 
 R. montana in the supplement to the Flore Francaise 
 is quite applicable to this, especially the "aiguillons 
 rares, epars, droits, assez greles — ovaire ovoi'de, a pen 
 pr^s spherique, un peu herisse, surtout vers sa base." 
 Villars's R. montana must be a widely different species, 
 for he describes it with columnar styles. See R. ar- 
 vensis. 
 
 I am acquainted with f only from Rau's descrip- 
 tion. He says it is two or three feet high, with fewer 
 branches than the others. Prickles of the branchlets 
 usually two together, slender and straightish. Leaflets 
 roundish, scarcely longer than the prickles. 'Vuhe of 
 
 N 2 
 
92 ROSA RUBIGINOSA. 
 
 the calyx roundish, smooth. Sepals divided, glanduhir. 
 Floivers solitary, small, deep red. 
 
 I I'cally wish some permanent character could be 
 found lor the R. sepiiun of Thuilliers. It is the plant 
 to which Mr. Woods alludes under his R. eglafiferia, 
 as having been brought from the South of France by 
 Mr. Hooker. It grows there by waysides, in hot, dry 
 places, in great abundance. It is altogether a smaller 
 plant, with dark green leaflets almost always acute at 
 eacii end, slender prickles and very zigzag branches. 
 The fruit is perfectly smooth as well as the peduncles, 
 and the divisions of the sepals are unusually narrow 
 and numerous. But, unfortunately, in a specimen from 
 the vicinity of Nisnies the transition from this to R. ru- 
 higinosa vulgaris is so complete, that it is impossible to 
 say which it most resembles — some of the leaflets being 
 rounded and some acute. Vet it came from the same 
 bush as the others whose appearance is so dissimilar. 
 Desvaux is my authority for the three synonyms of 
 Me rat. 
 
 R. Borreri of Woods, which appears to be the same 
 as /?. inodora of Agardh's Novitiw, has given me more 
 trouble than even tlie interminable varieties of R. ca- 
 iihia. It is a puzzle between the latter and rnbiginosa, 
 and, I do think, is equally referable to either. It is 
 not unfrequent in the neighbourhood of Hales worth 
 with smaller leaves than ordinary, but unequivocally 
 tinged at the edge with red. Its mode of growth and 
 prickles are like yuhiginosa, but its sepals are deciduous 
 and leaves often without glands. Sometimes its ser- 
 ratures diverge, sometimes point towards the end of 
 the leaflet. Mr. Lyell has R. Borreri from Mr. Borrer 
 growing by the side of R. mlcrantha, and the difference 
 is very trifling. It is by the persuasion of the former 
 gentleman that I have at length placed it here ; for I 
 certainly believed I had traced it into R. canhia a. 
 Pallas's R. villosa answers precisely to this ; nor does 
 Agardh's R. hindora appear to differ in any respect, 
 unless in his calling the fruit purple. 
 
KOSA rULVEllULENTA. 9S 
 
 50. ROSA pulveruleiita. 
 
 R. rainnlis gland ulosis, foliis utrinque pruinosis: siipc- 
 rioribiis subverticillatis. 
 
 R. pulverulenta Bieb. taur. caiic. 1. 399. Poir. suppl. 
 enc. in l. 
 
 Hal), in collibus circa acidulam Narzana Caucasi sub- 
 alpini, (Bieb.) (v. v. c. fi. delap.s.) 
 
 A low stiff shrub. PricMes straiglitisb, strong, 
 those of the rainuli intermixed with numerous short 
 tender setee, tipped with a grey gland. Leaves rather 
 hairy: stipulce narrow, spreading, glandular, somewhat 
 undulated; petiole prickly, glandular; leaflets 5-7, 
 oval, pointed, doubly serrated, frosted all over with 
 grey glands, their odour oily unlike that of R. ruhigi- 
 nosa, (sui generis). Flowers ^oWiivvy, pale red, almost 
 sessile, involucrated by about four approximated, ho- 
 rizontally spreading, reduced leaves, rarely having 
 bractete ; peduncles slightly pubescent ; tube oftJie calyx 
 roundish, naked ; sepals spreading, foliaceous, with 
 very numerous equal narrow segments ; disk almost 
 obliterated and mouth wide ; sti/les very villous. Fruit 
 ovate, smooth, bright red, crowned with the narrowed, 
 connivent, glandular sepals, its peduncle with no hairs. 
 Lyeli's MSS. 
 
 A very curious plant, for which I am obliged to 
 Mr. Lyell. It was imported by Loddiges inider the 
 name of R. prcecox. 
 
 From R. rubiginosa it is very distinct, as indeed it 
 is from every thing else. The approximated floral 
 leaves, grey with glands on their upper surface, and 
 its dwarf, stunted habit distinguish it without diliiculty. 
 
 Native of the subalpine hills of Caucasus, where it 
 was gathered by Bieberstein. 
 
9i ROSA CUSPIDATA. 
 
 51. ROSA ciispidata. 
 
 R. sepalis hispidis in cuspide lincari-lanceolato serrato 
 
 ipsis longiore productis. 
 R. ciispidata 5/e^. taur. caiic. 1.396. Poir. enc. bat. 
 
 sitppl. 
 
 Hab. in aggeribus inter vineas circa oppidum Kisljar. 
 Floret Junio. (Bieb.) 
 
 Two or three feet high, much branched. Prickles 
 very strong, much dilated at the base, hooked, and 
 scattered. Stipules acute, glandular on the outside ; 
 ;?efio/eA- prickly and glandular; leaflets 1, ovate-lanceo- 
 late, acute, finely and doubly serrated, smooth above, 
 hairy beneath. Flowers immiivowti, the size of R. ca- 
 nina ; peduncles, tube of the cali/x, and sepals very 
 rough with glands; the latter with a linear-lanceolate, 
 serrated point, longer than themselves, at the base pin- 
 natifid; petals white; styles hairy, much shorter than 
 the stamens. Fruit globose, hispid, dark purple ? 
 (atroccerulei.) Bieberstein, 
 
 This is known only from the above description of 
 Bieberstein. I have little hesitation in referring it to 
 this division, on account of the glands on the stipulse 
 and petiole. A similar tendency to produce the re- 
 markable sepals from which it has been named, is evi- 
 dent in R. pulverulenta. 
 
ROSA GLUTINOSA. 95 
 
 52. ROSA glutinosa. 
 
 R. ramiilis pilosis, foliolis incanis suboi-l)iculatis viscosis. 
 
 R. pumila alpiiia, piiiipinellae exacte foliis sparsis, spinis 
 iiicni'vis, aquate purpurea; Cupaii. panph. ed. 1. t. 
 61. ex Smith. 
 
 R. cretica montana, foliis subrotundis glutinosis et vil- 
 losis Tourn! cor. 43. 
 
 R. glutinosa Smith! prodr. fl. grcec. 1. 348. 
 
 R. rubig-inosa cretica Redout. 7'os. 1. 93. 125. t. 47. 
 
 Hab. in Parnasso, Sibthorp; Siciliee montibus, (Cu- 
 pani) ; Cretoe, Toiuiiefort, (v. s. sp. herb. Smith 8^ 
 Banks.) 
 
 (Stem is low and busby, with numerous stout 
 branches, Smith) ; the old ones as thick as a goose quill, 
 without down, defended by strong, close, unequal, fal- 
 cate prickles; the young ones downy, with smaller and 
 more slender prickles, whicli are often very densely ag- 
 gregated under the sti pulse. Leaves hoary; stipulce 
 much dilated upwards, concave, without glands, except 
 at their edge, which is nearly entire; petioles with a 
 few little prickles and glands; leajlets 3-7, flat, round- 
 ish, small, with coarse nearly simple serratures, and a 
 few glands on the under side, (glandular and viscid on 
 both sides. Flowers small, pale blush, solitary, on 
 short, bristly viscid stalks, Smith). Fruit without 
 bracteoe, scarlet, covered all over, as is its stalk, with 
 little stiff prickles, crowned by the connivent, nearly 
 simple, hoary sepals. 
 
 For the synonym of Cupani I trust to Sir James 
 Smith. No copy of his Panpliyton containing t. 61 
 has fallen in my way. This is very nearly allied to R. 
 rubiginosa, but differs in having hoary leaves and pu- 
 bescent branchlets ; a very curious and important cha- 
 racter. It appears from Redoute s figure, which is less 
 happy than usual, to be cultivated in France ; our own 
 gardens it has not yet reached. 
 
96 ROSA MONTEZUM.E. 
 
 63. ROSA Moutezuinoe. 
 
 R. ramis inormiI)ns. 
 
 R. INIontezuina' Ilumh. et Bonpl. ?wv. gen. 8^ sp. torn. 3. 
 ined. Redout, rav. 1. 55. t. 1(). 
 
 Hab. in jui^o inontium Mexican sub gradii ll>latitiidiiiis 
 septentrionalis, altitiidine phisquain 9300 pediiiu, 
 in cacuniine Cerro-Ventoso juxla S. Petri fodinam, 
 (II. & B.) 
 
 Unarmed, with smooth branches. Stipules fring-ed 
 with glands ; petioles downy, armed witli many little 
 prickles ; leaflets 5, oval, acute, naked on both sides, 
 dark green above, paler beneath. Flowers pale red, 
 solitary, without bracteie, sweetscented; peduncle and 
 elliptical tube of the calyx naked; sepals compound, 
 dilated at the end. Redout. I. c. 
 
 So incomplete is the account given in Redoute's 
 work of this most interesting phmt, that it is quite im- 
 practicable to ascertain with certainty, even the division 
 in which it should be arranged. The figure is probably 
 taken from a dried specimen and is very like R. rubigi- 
 nosa; yet the leaves are described as naked on both 
 sides. If it be really an unarmed species, it will be 
 easy to characterize it ; but if, as I believe, it is only 
 an unarmed branch that is figured, and if it do not be- 
 long to this division, it must be placed in the next; 
 but then I do not perceive how it is to be distinguished 
 from R. canina. The petioles are said to be prickly, and 
 I know no instance of a species without prickles on the 
 branches, producing them on any other part. 
 
 It was found on the chain of porphyry mountains 
 which bound the valley of Mexico on the north, at the 
 elevation of 14G0 toises, on the top of Cerro Ventoso 
 near the mine of San Pedro. The thermometer in 
 May from 10° to 1 1° of Reaumur. 
 
w^2c^ ^x^ d^ 
 
 ...-, .,. v^ .., .. . ■:^'^^ //^.>&«.^ /<^2o. 
 
 j^ 
 
ROSA C AUCASEA. 97 
 
 Div. IX. Can'uKV. Aculei icquales aduiici. Foliola 
 ovata eglaiuliilosa, serraturis conniventibus. Sepala 
 deeidua. Discus incrassatus faucem claudeus. 
 Surculi majoruiii arciiati. 
 
 The disunion of styles will prevent any individuals of this 
 section from being- confounded with the next. The essential dif- 
 ferences which distinguisii it from the preceding Divisions have 
 been explained under their respective heads. Mr. Sabine has a 
 plant of R. caiiina which produces setae ; but this is a solitary ex- 
 ception and cannot affect the general importance of the character 
 I Iiavc assigned to the section. 
 
 54. ROSA caucasea. Tab. 11. 
 
 R. foliolis moUibiis ovatis, ovariis 50-60. 
 
 R. caucasica Pall. ross. (52. Bieh. taur. cauc. 1. 400. 
 Jit ! hew. ed. alt. 3. 266. Smith in Rees in I. 
 
 ab. ill Iberia (Steven.) (v. v. c.) 
 
 This has so great a resemblance to many states of 
 the next species, that I almost doubt wdietlier they 
 really be distinct. The present plant may be usually 
 distinguished by a very robust habit, broad and soft 
 leaves, and flowers growing in bunches. The fruit is 
 very large and its flesh is soft. li. cauina, it is 
 true, sometimes has the greater part of these peculiari- 
 ties, but its leaves are not soft ; on the contrary, their 
 pubescence is harsh. The most certain test, however, 
 of the species seems to be its unusually numerous 
 ovaria, which in the central flower are not less than 50 
 but frequently more than 60 ; while canina has rarely 
 more than 25. 
 
 o 
 
98 ROSA CANINA 
 
 Pallas must liave bad a very imperfect specimen be- 
 fore him, as he describes his plant without prickles. 
 Bieberstein appears to have ascertained the incorrect- 
 ness of this, and properly corrects him. 
 
 The serratures are always double. 
 
 55. ROSA caiiina. 
 
 R. foliolis rigidis ovatis, ovariis 20-30. 
 
 R. canina Linn! sp. 704. Bull. par. t. 276. All. pe- 
 dem. 2. 139. IVilld. sp. 2. 1077. 3Ionch meth. 
 689. Lawr. tt. m &; ^\. Wib. werth. 264. Ros- 
 sig. res. ft. 21. 29. Curt. Lond. t. 299. Afz. tent, 
 prim. Smith! hritt. n. 6. Eng. hot! 992. Svensk 
 hot. t. 29. Gmel. hud. ah. 2. 422. Brot. lus. 1. 
 340. Bieh. taur. cauc. 1. 399. Schrank vionac. c. 
 Jig. Fl. dan. t. 555. Smith in Rees in I. fJ'oods! 
 in act. linn. 12. 223. Rau enum. 71. 
 
 R. dumalis Bechst. forsth. 241 «Sf 939 ex Rau. 
 
 L'eglantier Regn. hot. c. Jig. 
 
 R. andegavensis Bat. main. S$ loir. 189. suppl. 29. 
 Redout, ros. 2. 9. t. 3. 
 
 R. glauca Lois, in Desv. journ. ? 
 
 R» arvensis Schranck monac. c. fig. 
 
 R. glaucescens Mer. par. 192. 
 
 R. nitens Mer. I. c. 
 
 R. tenerifFensis Donn! cant. ed. 8. 169. 
 
 R. senticosa Achar. in kongl. vetensk. acad. handl. 34. 
 91. t. 3. 
 
 R. surculosa Woods! in act. linn. 12. 228. 
 
 R. sarmentacea IVoods! in act. linn. 12. 213. 
 
 R. nuda IVoods! I. c. 12. 205. 
 
UOSA CANINA. 99 
 
 R. affinis Ran cnum. 79. 
 
 R. <.^laiicopliylla IF'incli! ess. geogr. 45. 
 
 /3 aclplii/l/a, puinila, foliis ntrinquc iinpiibibus flori- 
 biisqne imilto iiiiiioribus. 
 
 R. acipbyila Ran enum. GD, c.Jig. Redout, ros. 2. 31. 
 t. 13. 
 
 7 (fg^/pififca, foliolis late ovatis, gmss^ serratis utrinque 
 iinpubibiis, receptaculo elongato. 
 
 R. indica FursJi. p. cxiii ? 
 
 d colli?ia, foliolis infra v. petiole liirsutis, sepalis pedun- 
 culisqiie hispidis, disco conico. 
 
 R. collina Jacrj ! anstr. 2. 58. t. 197. ^//. pedem. 2 
 140. fmid. sp. 2. 1078. Bkh. taur. cauc. 1. 399. 
 y//7 / keic. 3. 266. Mer. par. 191. IFoods! in act. 
 linn. 12. 219. Rati emun. 163. Redout, ros. 2. 13. 
 t. 5. 
 
 R. iimbellata Leyser pal. 435. 
 
 R. fastigiata Bat. main. 8^ loir, suppl. 30. D. C. suppl. 
 535. 
 
 R. platyphylla Ran enum. 82. 
 
 R. psilophylla Ran I. c. 191. 
 
 R. solstitialis Besser. galic. primit. 1. 324. 
 
 f dumetonim, foliolis utrinque hirsutis, sepalis pedun- 
 culisque glabiis. 
 
 R. sepium Borkh. forstb. 1527 ex Ran enum. 90. 
 
 R. dnnietoriini Thuill. par. 250. D. C. suppl. 534. 
 Ran enum. 85. IFoods! in act. linn. 12. 217. 
 
 R. coryinbifera Gmel. bad. als. 2. 424. 
 
 R. leucantha Lois. not. 82. Bat. I. c. 32. Mer. par. 
 193. J). C. suppl. 535. Redout, ros. 1. 129. t. 49. 
 
 R. obtusifolia Desv. journ. 2. 317. 
 
 R. leucochroa Desv. I. c. t. 15. D. C. hort. monsp. 138. 
 
 R. stylosa /3 Desv. I. c. 
 
 R. bractescens Woods! in act. linn. 12. 216. 
 
 ^ crr.s7'fir, foliolis Ccesiis utrinque pilosis, tubo calycis el- 
 liptico. 
 
 o 2 
 
100 ROSA CANINA. 
 
 R. caesia Et}g. hot ! t. 2307. Smith ! in Rces in l. 
 Woods! in act. linn. 12. 212. 
 
 Ilab. scpibiis riuleratisqiie totius Eiiropre Asireq. scp- 
 tentrionalis, pro loco polymorpha; Tcncriffk» Mas- 
 .'ion ; /3 circa Wirceburgum (Rau) ; et verosiinilitcr 
 alibi locis sterilil)iis ; y i^gypto? ForsluiJd ; ^ Scotise 
 
 montibus borealis, Borrer, Jackson, (v. v. sp. , 
 
 y herb. Banks). 
 
 A straggling briar six or seven feet high. The 
 branches bright green, reddish brown on tlie sunny 
 side ; armed with strong, scattered, hooked, nearly 
 equal prickles (rarely straight, and then much closer 
 together) and no setae. Leaves distant, pale or dark 
 green, frequently tinged with red, in exposed situations 
 usually much blistered by the sun, quite free from 
 pubescence ; stipules rather drlated, a little reflexed, 
 acute-pointed; /;e//o/e armed with a few, little, hooked 
 prickles; leaflets 5-7, ovate or oblong, acute or round- 
 ed, sessile or subsessile, flat or concave, even or rugose, 
 coarsely or finely, simply or doubly serrated, the ser- 
 ratures always acute, without glands, and converging. 
 Cymes one or many flowered ; bractew ovate-lanceolate, 
 appressed, acute, concave or flattish, finely toothed 
 and glandular at the edge; peduncles and cali/x smooth; 
 /z<i*e ovate; sepals spreading, sharp-j)ointed, deciduous, 
 somewhat divided ; petals obcordate, concave ; disk 
 very thick, elevated ; ovaries 20-30 ; styles nearly 
 smooth, distinct, included or a little exserted. Fruit 
 ovate or oblong, scarlet, shining, without any bloom ; 
 pericarps large, uneven. 
 
 A more striking instance of unimportant characters 
 being made the test of species than the preceding list of 
 synonyms presents, is not to be found in the whole ve- 
 getable kingdom. Surely it is not surprising that the 
 most common species of the genus, whose fruit is 
 scarcely ripe before it is devoured by small birds, and 
 deposited by them in every possible variety of soil and 
 situation, should frequently assume features consider- 
 ably different from its more general appearance. And 
 
ROSA CANINA. 101 
 
 yet on such diftcrencGS, which in less variable genera 
 would scarcely have been trusted, have writers on 
 Roses attempted to establish their species. Pubescence 
 has received much attention ; on its absence, presence 
 and quantity R. coU'ma, ihunetoriun and cduina of 
 authors and hrcictescens of Woods are divided from 
 each other. Yet examine for a moment R. canina, as 
 it grows in every hedge. A careful observer will pre- 
 sently discover on the same plant some leaves entirely 
 naked, and others in which the midrib and primary 
 veins of the under surface are clothed with hairs. Here, 
 then, is the first approach to pubescence, which, be- 
 coming increased in quantity, distinguishes R. collina ; 
 this usually has hairs on the upper surface of its young 
 leaves, but none on the old ones. In R. dumetorinn 
 there is a further increase of pubescence, which then 
 covers both sides of the leaves, and, becoming very 
 dense and permanent, forms R. hractescens of Woods. 
 The distinction between simple and double serratures 
 in this species I confess mj-self unable to understand. 
 I have attempted to draw a line of separation between 
 them, but without success. They have no limits ; for 
 no one can always say wliether the serratures of a par- 
 ticular leaf are simple or double. But the value of 
 these and similar characters has been already dis- 
 cussed. It is therefore unnecessary now to extend their 
 examination. 
 
 The foregoing description applies strictly to R. ca- 
 ul na a,. I'N'hen this is weak and grows in woods or 
 shady places among grass, it has straight prickles and 
 becomes R. nuda of Woods ; with very distant aculei 
 it is R. andenai'cnsis of Batard; with very dense ones 
 it is R. caiuna I of Ran. The stem is slightly setige- 
 rous in a plant in Mr. S.ibine's garden. Another of the 
 same collection has the leaves bipinnate. The leaflets 
 are dull in R. sarmeiitacea and catiina /S of Woods ; 
 much rounded, with blunt serratures, in a plant from 
 Mr. Lyell ; irregularly serrated in R. saimentocea of 
 Woods and affivis of Rau ; pubescent on the upper sur- 
 face in nffinis. The sepals are assurgent, and disposed 
 
102 ROSA CAN IN A. 
 
 to become persistent in Mr. Wincli's ghiKcoplii/fta ; 
 nearly simple in R. canina -& of Woods ; and i^laiulnlar 
 on the ontside in glaucnphi/lla. The disk is flat in JL 
 sin-culoaa ,2 of Woods, The fruit is nearly round in R. 
 canina s and sarmentacea I of Woods; at the same time 
 very small in R. tencrijfht/sis of 13onn; and rough in 
 R. canina y of Woods and andrgavensi.s of Batard. In 
 the latter the peduncles are hispid. Such is the most 
 common R. canina and that with which Linnaeus was 
 best acquainted. TheTencriffe plant is very impatient 
 of cold, flowers sparingly, and produces little mis- 
 shapen fruit. Mr. Winch's glaucopki/Ua is a remark- 
 able variety with obovate fruit and nearly persistent 
 sepals. 
 
 The difference of /3 seems to be nothing more than 
 the smaller size of every part; an appearance which is 
 by no means uncommon in this country, although I 
 have never observed it in so remarkable a degree as 
 Ran's figure indicates. The specimen figured by Re- 
 doute is evidently an approach to a more robust mode 
 of growth. Perhaps it is the same sort of variety of 
 canina, as the dwarf Chinese Rose of the gardens is of 
 H. In die a, 
 
 I am acquainted with y only from a specimen in 
 Sir Joseph Banks's herbarium, from Forskahl, marked 
 R. a'gyptiaca. It is distinguished by the unusually 
 deep serratures of the leaves and its very long re- 
 ceptacle. Forskahl mentions no Rose as having been 
 found by him in Egypt ; can this, then, be what he 
 calls R. indica, found on the mountains of Arabia felix ? 
 
 A has the lower sides of the leaves hairy, the upper 
 surface shining, and the sepals and flowerstalks usually 
 hispid. In other respects it is not to be distinguished 
 from R. canina a. The R. collina of English Botany 
 belongs to a very different plant, R. systyla. R. platy- 
 j)hylla of Ran has smooth peduncles ; and R. psilo- 
 phylla of the same author has downy petioles with a 
 naked undcr-surfacc to the leaves. R. fastigiata of 
 Batard has no character whatever to distinguish it. 
 
ROSA CANINA. 108 
 
 To R. dumetorum of Tliuillicrs the succeeding list 
 of synonyms may be referred. It is distinj^uished from 
 canina u by its dull grey hue, occasioned by the dense 
 pubescence of every part of the leaves : but by nothing 
 else. It is more frequent in Nortii Britain than else- 
 where. The petioles are sometimes unarmed, as in R. 
 sep'nun of Rau. R. leiicochroa has the styles a little 
 exserted and united by their hairs. Care must l)e 
 taken not to confound this with R. systi/la, whose styles 
 are smooth and consequently cohere from some other 
 cause than the intertexture of their hairs. I have spe- 
 cimens from Mr. Lyell of a very grey Rose gathered at 
 Kinnordy, with nearly simple sepals, wliich must be 
 referred here. R. hractescens of Woods has very short 
 ])eduncles and large bracteoe ; but I have examined 
 Mr. Woods's own specimen in the collection of the 
 LinucEan Society without being able to distinguish it 
 from R. dumetorum. Every diversity of form of bracteae 
 and length of peduncle may be observed in the hairy- 
 leaved canina of Scotland. 
 
 R.ccesia is a curious plant, first taken up in Eng- 
 lish Botany. It is scarcely found out of the highlands 
 of Scotland and there very sparingly. Its very glau- 
 cous hue distinguishes it. 
 
 There is a remarkable peculiarity in R. canina, that 
 the further to the North any variety of that species is 
 found, the more villous are the styles ; and the less so 
 as it proceeds southwards ; hair entirely vanishes from 
 those organs in Madeira. 
 
 Its long rambling shoots are sometimes applied to 
 the same purposes as those of Ruhus f'ruticosus ; but 
 they are inferior, being more brittle. The Tartars boil 
 the twigs and leaves for tea ; some Russians also have 
 this custom, especially in Siberia, and praise its reviv- 
 ing stomachic qualities. Tliose of the Volga prepare a 
 spirit from the flowers by fermentation. In the Ukraine 
 these are made into a preserve with honey and sugar. 
 
104 ROSA RUBKIFOLIA. 
 
 66. ROSA rubrifolia. 
 
 R. aculeis parvis distantihus, foliolis ovatis ramisq. 
 glaucis opacis discolorihus, ovariis 2()-.*5t). 
 
 R. rubrifolia Hilars daiiph. .'5. 511). Bi'llardi in act. 
 
 taur. 1790. 229. t. 9. M^illd. sp. 2. 1075. Jactj. 
 
 fragm. 70. t. 106. opt. Picot Lupei/r. pyren. 284. 
 
 Smith in Rees in I. Redout, ros. 1. 35. t. 4. Lind- 
 
 ley in Bot. reg. t. 430. 
 
 R. n. 1101/3 Hall. helv. 
 
 R. multiflora i?e?/w. act. Laus. 1. 70. /. 6. 
 
 R. rubicimda Hall. fit. in Rom. arch. b. 1. st. 2. p. 6. 
 
 R. canina (2 Safer heir. 1 . 302. 
 
 R. glauca De.sf'. cat. H. P. 175. 
 
 R. glaucescens IVidf. in Rom. arch. 3. 376. 
 
 R. lurida Andrews's roses. 
 
 R. cinnamomea y Redout, ros. 1. 134. 
 
 Hab. in sylvis circa Lans, (Villars) ; in alpibus Sabau- 
 dise, (Bellardi), Hooker ; HelveticC, (Haller) Hoohei'; 
 Austria ad Gutenstein, (Jacquin) ; Pyrenaeis, (La- 
 peyrouse) ; njontibus Alverniaej (Redoute) ; (v. v. c. 
 
 Stems deep red or purple, covered with a pale 
 bloom and armed with small, short, pale, hooked, 
 equal prickles, which are very dense but not larger 
 on the rootshoots. Leaves tinged with red, very glau- 
 cous, rugose, opaque. Flowers deep red, small ; sepals 
 very narrow and longer than the petals ; disk much 
 thickened, almost closing the orifice. Fruit oblong 
 with very tender flesh. Otherwise with the characters 
 of R. canina, from which, nevertheless, its whole ap- 
 pearance is dissimilar. If proper attention be paid to 
 
-I . > f i -i *t ■ I ' 
 
J,./ /.' 
 
ROSA SEllICEA. 105 
 
 the dull glaucous-red bloom of the branches, their 
 small prickles, and tlie long sepals, it will never be 
 confounded with can'ina. It has been strangely reduced 
 to R. ctnnamcmea by Thory ; on what grounds I am 
 quite at a loss even to conjecture. 
 
 57. ROSA sericea. Tab. 12. 
 
 R. aculeis stipularibus compressis : superioribus runci- 
 natis, foliolis oblongis obtusis apice serratis subtus 
 sericeis. 
 
 Hab. in Gossam Than, JValUch. (v. s. s. herb. Banks.) 
 
 Branches brown, stiff, straight, the old ones very 
 rugose. Prickles very large, ovate, compressed, their 
 point turned upwards, placed under the stipulse. 
 Leaves very close ; stipuhe long, narrow, concave, with- 
 out pu])escence, fringed or naked at the edge, falcate 
 and dilated at the end ; petioles very slightly downy or 
 naked, unarmed, or furnished with a few setae and 
 straight prickles having a broad base ; leaflets 7-11, ob- 
 long, flattish, waved, green and naked above, paler with 
 the rib and principal veins silky beneath ; at the end, 
 which is blunt, simply and deeply toothed : the ser- 
 ratures acuminated. The petiole in some specimens is 
 unusually elongated before the first leaflet is set on. 
 Flowers solitary, concave, without bractese, erect or 
 nodding: peduncle and cali/jc nukei\; tube ovate; sepals 
 ovate with a very narrow point, slightly pubescent. 
 
 This is the first of a set of species found only in the 
 warmer countries of Asia, but not materially receding 
 from the characters of the division. It is remarkable 
 for the silky under side of its oblong leaves which are 
 
 p 
 
lOG ROSA INDICA. 
 
 blunt at each end, and serrated only at the tip, but 
 there deeply. 
 
 Discovered very recently in Gossam Tlian, and with 
 li. macroplnjUa found in the same district, it exhibits 
 the nearest approach among the Indian Hoses to those 
 of Europe. 
 
 The specimens from which my description and 
 fig^nre are taken are in the rich collection of Sir Joseph 
 Banks. 
 
 58. ROSA iiulica. 
 
 R. foliolis ellipticis acuminatis glabris crenato-serratisj 
 subtus glaucis, ovariis 40-50, 
 
 cc vulgaris, fructu turbinato. 
 
 R. indica Lin! sp. 705. Wdld. sp. 2. 1079. Lawr 
 ros. t. 26. Ait ! hew. ed. alt. 3. 266. Smith ! in 
 Rees in I. Redout, ros. 1.51. /. 14. 2. 35. t. 15. 
 
 R. sinica Linn! syst. veg. ed. 13. 398. Smith! in Rees 
 in I. 
 
 R. semperflorens carnea Ross. ros. t. 19. 
 
 /S odoratissima, fructu ovato, floribus odoratissimis. 
 
 R. odoratissima Sweet ! hort. sub, loud. 
 
 R. indica fragrans Redout. /. c. 61. /. 19. 
 
 y pu?nila, fruticulus, omni parte minor. 
 
 R. indica pumila Redout, ros. 1. 115. t. 42. 
 
 J longifolia, foliis lanceolatis, ramis subinermibus. 
 
 R. longifolia l^Filld. sp. 2. 1067. Redout, ros. 2 27. 
 t. 12. 
 
 Hab. in China juxta Cantonem Sinarum. Staunton, 
 (v. V. c. ^ s. sp. herh. Banks.) 
 
ROSA INDICA. 107 
 
 Branches stout, glaucous green, armed with brown, 
 scattered, compressed, hooked, equal prickles. Leaves 
 shining-, without pubescence; stipules vcvy narrow, sub- 
 ulate and glandular at the point ; petioles rough with 
 setiE and little short, hooked prickles ; leaflets 3-5, 
 even, elliptic, acuminate, nearly simply crenato-serrat- 
 ed, abov^e dark green, glaucous beneath. Flowers very 
 numerous, usually semi-double ; hractecr narrow, lan- 
 ceolate, without pubescence, toothletted, glandular ; 
 peduncles long, rough ; tube of the calyx oblong, naked; 
 sepals deciduous, nearly simple, ovate, pointed, glan- 
 dular on the outside; petals obcordate, concave; 
 stamens \0d-\\0 ; disk a thick flattened cone; ovaria 
 40-50 ; styles nearly naked, exserted, very slender, dis- 
 tinct. Fruit obovate, scarlet. 
 
 It is now, perhaps, too late to inquire what was 
 really intended by Linnseus for R. indica, since his 
 specific character and description will agree with no 
 species from China at present known ; and the figure of 
 Petiver which he quotes to this, in which he is followed 
 by Willdenow, belongs to a widely different plant, 
 very nearly allied to li. Banhsice, and which 1 have 
 called R. microcarpa. I have, however, examined his 
 specimen, which I see no reason to doubt belonging to 
 this species. The specimen which Sir James Smith 
 considers to have been the foundation of 7^. sinica I 
 have also been permitted to see, and I feel little hesita- 
 tion in pronouncing it to be a monstrous state of the 
 species before us. The stipula^ are narrow, pointed 
 and finely toothed at the edge; the prickles are straight, 
 very slender and unequal, which may be reasonably ex- 
 pected on R. indica in so weak a state as this R. sinica 
 evidently is. That name, therefore, becomes disen- 
 gaged, and I have retained it for the plant which was 
 distinguished by it in Hortus Kew^nsis. 
 
 The delightfully fragrant " Sweet-scented Chinese 
 Rose" of the gardens is a variety, with ovate fruit and 
 a dwarfer habit. It is right that cultivators should 
 know that there arc two sorts of this, of which th© 
 
 p 2 
 
108 ROSA SEMPERFLORENS. 
 
 most common has a very inferior perfume to the other, 
 whicli is propagated with more difficulty. 
 
 The willow-leaved Chinese Rose, R. longifnlia, is 
 another variety, but it has little to recommend it to 
 notice. 
 
 I can by no means agree with the editor of Re- 
 doute s Roses, in considering this a variety of R. sem- 
 perjiorens^ from which it differs in many important cha- 
 racters, as will be seen under the following species. 
 
 69. ROSA semperflorens. 
 
 R. foliolis ovato-lanceolatis crenato-serratis, ovariis 15, 
 petalis integris. 
 
 R. indica Burm. ind. 117? 
 
 R. chinensis Jacq. obs. 3. 7. t. 55. JVilld. sp. 2. 1078. 
 Smith in Rees in I. 
 
 R. semperflorens Curt, mag. 284. JVilld. sp. 2. 1078. 
 Laivr. ros. t. 23. 3Iotich meth. 290. Ross. ros. 
 f. 12. Sm! exot. hot. 2. t. 91. Jacq. schonhr. 3. 
 t. 281. Ait! keiv. ed. alt. 3. 266. Smith f in Rees 
 in I. 
 
 R. diversifolia f^ent. eels. t. 35. 
 
 R. bengalensis Pers. si/n, 2. 50. 
 
 R. indica Redout, ros. 1. 49. t. 13.— 123. /. 46.-2.37. 
 t. 16. 
 
 Hab. in China, Ekeberg. (v. v. c. § s. sp. herb. Banks.) 
 
 A spreading, elegant shrub. Branches slender, 
 dark green, armed with scattered, compressed, hooked 
 prickles and a very few glands. Leaves shining, dis- 
 tant, deeply stained with purple ; stipulce narrow, flat, 
 
ROSA SEMPERFLORENS. 109 
 
 glandular ; petioles without pubescence, glandular and 
 slightly setigerous ; leaflets 3-5, ovate-lanceolate, sim- 
 ply crenato-serrate, flat above, glaucous and slightly 
 downy beneath : the lowest pair is very small and 
 usually wanting. Floioers solitary, deep crimson ; 
 bractecv narrow, lanceolate, serrated, fringed with 
 glands ; peduncles rough with minute glands ; tube of 
 the calyx oblong, naked ; sepals reflexed, deciduous, 
 narrow, compound, rough on the outside ; petals en- 
 tire, spreading, nearly flat ; stamens 50, deciduous ; disk 
 conical, thickened; ovaries 15 ; styles very slender, 
 nearly naked, exserted, distinct. Fruit spherical. 
 
 This is one of the species remarkable for having 
 stamens which drop off" nearly at the same time with 
 the petals, which 1 am not aware to be the case in any 
 semi-double state of R. indica. From that species it 
 may be distinguished by its more slender branches, 
 deep-red flowers, and more membranous leaves, which 
 are usually stained more or less with crimson. There 
 is also the important diflerence in number of ovaries, 
 which are not more than 15 in this plant, and vary 
 from 40 to 50 in R. indica. 
 
 We have many splendid varieties in the gardens 
 with semi-double crimson flowers, and the French ap- 
 pear to have some others still more beautiful which 
 have not yet been imported. 
 
110 ROSA LAWRANCEANA. 
 
 CO, ROSA Lawranceaim. 
 
 R. nana, foliolis ovatis acutis argute serratis, petalis 
 acuminatis, ovariis 7-8. 
 
 R. semperflorens minima aS'^^. hot. mag. n. 17G2. 
 
 R. pusilla Mauritius cat. /?. 15? 
 
 R. Lawranceana Sweet! hort. sub. land. 
 
 Hab. verosimiliter in China, (v. v. c.J 
 
 A very low, compact, little shrub, rarely exceeding- 
 a foot in height. The pricJdes are large, stout, and 
 nearly straight. Leaflets ovate, acute, flat, very finely 
 toothed. Petals small, pale blush, pointed ; ovaries 
 7-8. Otherwise with the characters of R. semperjlorensj 
 from which I nevertheless have no hesitation in sepa- 
 rating it. The difference in number of ovaries in this 
 division appears constant, and therefore important. 
 Mr. Sweet introduced it from the Mauritius, some years 
 ago, and it may be the R. pusilla of the catalogue of 
 the Botanic Garden there. China is probably its native 
 country, as it approaches so very nearly to R. semper- 
 Jlorens. 
 
ROSA SYSTYLA. Ill 
 
 Div. X. Si/sti/Uv. Styli in columnam elongatam co- 
 haerentes. Stipuloe adnatte. 
 
 Habit nearly the same as that of the last division. Leaves 
 frequently evergreen. 
 
 r>l. ROSA systyla. 
 
 R. surculis assiirgentibus, aculeis validis aduncis. 
 
 oi ovata, foliolis ovatis, friictu oblong-o. 
 
 R. collina Eng. hot ! t. 1895. Smith ! in Rees in L 
 
 R. systyla Bat. main, et loir, suppl. 31. IVbocls ! in 
 act. linn. 12. 230. 
 
 R. stylosa Desv. journ. 2. 317. D. Cand. hort. mnnsp. 
 138. 
 
 R. brevistyla D. C. suppl. fl. fr. 537 ? 
 
 R. dibracteata D. C. I. c. 
 
 (3 lanceolata, foliolis ovato-lanceolatis, fructii sphserico. 
 
 y Monsonice, caule humiliore : floiifero erecto inulti- 
 floro, ramis rar5 setigeris. 
 
 Hab. cc in Anglia ; Gallia, (Batard, Decand.) ; /3 Hi- 
 bernia australi^ Drummond; y Anglia juxta Wat- 
 ford, Domina Monro, (v. v. sp.; (3. s. sp.; y. v. c. 
 hort. Sabine.) 
 
 A shrub with the habit and for the most part with 
 the characters of R. canina, but differing chiefly in 
 having its styles united into a long smooth column, 
 and more flowers in a cluster. 
 
 Variety (3 w^as sent to Mr. Hooker from the South 
 of Ireland by Mr. Drummond. It diflers in having 
 nearly round fruit, and long rugose shining leaves. 
 
119 ROSA ARVENSIS. 
 
 Monsonice is a very charming- variety found in a 
 hedge at Watford by Miss Monro. By the wish of 
 Mr. Sabine it is named after Lady Monson, to whose 
 garden it was originally removed and whence it has 
 since been obtained. It appears to be precisely the 
 same sort of variety of systyla as kyhrlda is of ai^ensis, 
 and may be distinguished from the two preceding va- 
 rieties by its dwarfer habit, flower-bearing shoots being 
 erect, stiff, and terminated by an unusually large 
 bunch of the most elegant flowers ; its fruit is more 
 orange-red than that of the true systyla. 
 
 62. ROSA ai*vensis. 
 
 R. surculis flagelliforjnibus, aculeis inoequalibus fal- 
 catis, foliolis subtus glaucis. 
 
 R. campestris repens alba Bauh. pin. 484. 
 
 R. sylvestris, &c. Bauh. hist. 2. 244. 
 
 R. Candida Scop. cam. 1. 354. 
 
 R. arvensis Huds. angl. ed. 1. 192. Linn. mant. 2. 
 245. All pedem. 2. 139. fFllld. sp. 2. 1066. 
 Lawr. ros. t. 86. Smith! hritt. 2. 538. Eng. hot! 
 188. Pers. syn. 2. 47. Ait ! hew. 3. 259. Smith! 
 in Rees in I. Woods! in act. linn. 12. 232. i?e- 
 dout. ros. 1. 89. t. 32. Bot. mag. t. 2054. 
 
 R. n. 1102 Hall, helv, 
 
 R. sylvestris Herm. diss. 10. Poll, palat. 51. Roth, 
 cat. hot. 1. 59. 
 
 R. scandens Monch weiss. pjl. 118 fide Pohl. 
 
 R. herporhodon Ehr ! beitr. 2. 69. 
 
 R. Halleri Krock. sites. 2. 150. 
 
 R. fusca Monch meth. 688. 
 
 R. serpens Ehr. arb. 35. JVibel werth. 265. 
 
ROSA AKVENSIS: 113 
 
 R. sempeivircMis Uo\s. ros. t. 3'2. 
 
 R. repens Gmel. had. ah. 2. 418. IFilld. cnum, 547. 
 Jacq. fvagm. 09. /. 104 o;;^. i?r/?< enum. 40. 
 
 /S montana, piimila, friictii hispidulo. 
 
 R. moiitaiia /7//. daapli. 3. 547. ^S'/^^e?" Ac/t'. 1. 300. 
 Wdld. sp. 2. 1070. Sni'ith m lives in IP 
 
 y hijhrida, siii'culis crassioribns et brevioribiis : flori- 
 fero erecto multifloro, nuiiis spaisim setigeris, stylis 
 discretis. 
 
 R. liybrida Schleich. cat, 
 
 R. g-eniinata Ran enum. 39. 
 
 '^. tallica hybrida Ser. mel. hot. n. 1. p. 39. 
 
 Hab. in Anglire sepibiis ; Pedemontii, (AUioni) ; Pala- 
 tinatiis, (Pollich) ; Germanise, (Roth) ; Silesi^^, 
 (Krocker) ; Helvetian planitiebiis, Hooker ; fo in 
 Delphinatus montibus, (Villars) ; Helvetioe, (Suter). 
 
 (v. V. S.J ' 
 
 Branches flagelliform, procumbent, slender, dull 
 glaucous-purple, armed with scattered, falcate, or 
 straightish, equal prickles, those of the old shoots al- 
 most white, of the young ones smaller and red, some- 
 times none (in weak specimens). Leaves distant, dark 
 green, or, on a chalky soil, yellowish; stipules narrow, 
 flat, naked, fringed with glands, red in the middle ; 
 petioles pubescent, with scattered glands and little fal- 
 cate, dorsal prickles ; leajiets 5-7, flat, ovate, somewhat 
 waved, simply serrated, very glaucous beneath ; the 
 rib somewhat hairy. Flowers solitary on the branch- 
 lets, numerous on the rootshoots, white with a yellow 
 base, and a slight scent, at first cyathiform, afterwards 
 more open ; peduncles rough with glands and a very 
 few setre ; tuhe of the ca li/x ovnte, naked; sepals Hihovt, 
 ovate, concave, a little divided, those which are so, rough 
 with glands ; petals obovate, emarginate; *^«7«e??.v per- 
 sistent ; disk elevated, fleshy; ovaries 15-25; sti/les 
 united into a long smooth column. Fruit scarlet, 
 round or oblong. 
 
114 ROSA ARVENSIS. 
 
 A very common plant in many parts of England, 
 adorning the liedges in the snmmei* months with its 
 elegant, snowy bloom. The flowers are much more 
 cup-shaped than those of si/sti/la, or indeed of any 
 other British Rose. Mr. Sabine has a variety with 
 pink flowers. 
 
 Dr. Afzelius considered the Linncoean arvensis to be 
 something different from our plant, which does not grow 
 in Sweden ; and possibly that variety of cinnamomea 
 which is figured in Flora Danica under the name of R. 
 Jiuvialis. Tlie Linncean herbarium throws no light 
 upon this, nor have I any additional facts to offer in il- 
 lustration of it. 
 
 The styles united in a long smooth column, incor- 
 rectly described by Sir James Smith as lengthening 
 after flowering, distinguish this from all the Britisli 
 species except the last. From that it diff'ers in having 
 long trailing shoots, not stout assurgent ones, which 
 are dull glaucous green, generally tinged with purple, 
 and not of the bright green colour of si/styla.. 
 
 To this species the Ayrshire Rose of the gardens is 
 undoubtedly to be referred, as has already been done 
 by Dr. Sims. Of this plant, however, there are two 
 sorts ; the one sold in the nurseries about London, and 
 cultivated by Mr. Sabine, I suppose is to be considered 
 the real kind ; and, as I have just observed, is a variety 
 of arvens'is ; the other, which is cultivated at Kew, is 
 sempervirens, from which it does not appear to differ in 
 any respect. This has been considered as the real 
 Ayrshire and published as such under the name of ca- 
 preolata in the Edinburgh Philosophical Journal, by 
 Mr. Neill, who assures us that it received its name 
 from having been first raised at Loudon Castle, Ayr- 
 shire, from heps imported from N. America. Without 
 attempting to dispute the accuracy of this, I must ob- 
 serve, that if the seeds were brought from America, 
 they were carried thither originally from Europe. 
 
 From R, sempervirens there can be no difficulty in 
 distinguishing arvemis. The leaves of the former are 
 
ROSA ARVENSIS. 115 
 
 shining, evergreen, and set on at short intervals ; of 
 the latter opaque, glaucous beneath, tleciduous, and 
 coveriuir the branches thinlv. The bracteoe of arvensis 
 are short and erect, the flowers solitary; of semper- 
 viretis reflexedwith a narrow point and red and shining, 
 the flowers in bunches. The former often produces a 
 callosity at the ramifications which, under favourable 
 circumstances, strikes root ; the latter never. 
 
 R. montana of Villars is an exceedingly obscure 
 plant ; its author describes it with the styles of arvensis, 
 and his description answers well to mountain specimens 
 of that plant brought from Switzerland by Mr. Hooker; 
 except in not having hispid fruit. If, however, the 
 R. montana of Villars and Suter be not distinct from 
 arvensis, there is little reason to suppose that what 
 other botanists have taken for it are so also. The spe- 
 cimens from Schleicher under that name which I have 
 had an opportunity of examining, as far as can be de- 
 termined from such imperfect morsels, appear to be of 
 jmhig'nwsa ; and, as Sir James Smith depends upon his 
 authority in this instance, it is not improbable that the 
 plant from which the description in Rees's Cyclopoedia 
 was formed, is the same. The account of R. montana 
 in the supplement to the Flore Francaise reads very 
 like R. rnihisinosa also. 
 
 Var. 7 I, for a long time, was disposed to consider 
 a distinct species. From its habit it might be thought 
 an hybrid production, between R. provincialis and ar- 
 vensis, for in flowers, prickly leaves and mode of 
 growth it seems to partake equally of both. But when 
 I saw the var. Monsonice of the last species, I was con- 
 vinced that the present plant bore just the same rela- 
 tion to aj^vensis as that does to the species under which 
 it is placed. I have therefore referred it hither, but in 
 doing so it is necessary to subjoin the principal differ- 
 ences which distinguish it. The branches have setae 
 sparingly mixed among the prickles ; leaflets larger, 
 oblong-ovate, the younger ones stained with red ; 
 flowers in bunches, very large, semi-double, of the 
 
 Q 2 
 
116 ROSA ABYSSINICA. 
 
 most delicate flesh coUnu*; tlie sfi/lcs lonef, exsei'ted, 
 but not united. It iia« l)eeii 
 hood of Wurtzbui'e: bv Rau. 
 
 but not united. It iia« l)eeii found in the neighbour- 
 
 The union of styles was long- ago pointed out in 
 /?. arvensis by Lachenal and ado|)ted by Ilaller and 
 Villars. Afterwards it was strangely neglected, and 
 has only been reconsidered within a few years. M. De 
 Candolle was the first to employ it as a means of form- 
 ing; a natural assemblage among Roses, in his Ilorfus 
 Monspeliensis^ where he defines six species from which 
 the last is to be excluded. I have four to add ; and li. 
 setigera of N. America has the same structure ; but, 
 on account of its hal)it and subulate stipula.', belongs to 
 my division Bauksiamc. 
 
 63. ROSA abyssiuica. Tab. 13. 
 
 R. surcuHs scandentibus, aculeis confertissimis fal- 
 catis, foliolis ovatis sempervirentibus, calycibus pc- 
 dunculisque tomentosis. 
 
 R. abyssinica Brown! in Salt's Ahjjssin. app. Ixiv. 
 
 Hab. in Abyssinia Salt (v. s. sp. herb. Banks ct Lam- 
 hert,) 
 
 This is one of the very few Roses indigenous to 
 Africa. It was first noticed as a distinct species by 
 Mr. Brown, in his appendix to the travels in Abyssinia 
 of Mr. Salt, who discovered it. It can be confounded 
 with nothing except R. sempercirens, from which it 
 differs in the following particulars : its leaflets are 
 shorter with a little stalk, broader towards the point 
 than at the base; the petioles are exceedingly rough 
 with unequal glands and seta?; the peduncles and cali/x 
 are covered over with a thick down ; and the prickles 
 are exceedingly numerous and strong. 
 
/„//J. 
 
 , H- • /: , y^f fy ^Jit^U/OLf //', 
 
 .-■r. 
 
ROSA SEMPERVIliENS. 117 
 
 64. ROSA sempcrvircns. 
 
 R. sui-culis scaiulentibns, aculcis subijequalibus fulcatis, 
 foliis sciiipeivirciitibus. 
 
 R. semperviiens Junj^erinaniu Clus. hist. 2. J^ill. elth. 
 326. t. 245. /". 318. 
 
 R. seiTipervireiis Linn ! sp. 704. 71////. diet. n. 9. 
 IVitld. up. 2. 1072. Laivr. ros. t. 45. Pers. si/n. 
 2. 49. D. a f.fr. 4. 446. Ait! hew. 3. 263. 
 D. C. ?nousp. 138. Smith! in Rccs in L Ker hot. 
 ren. t. 459. 
 
 R. scandeiis Mill. diet. n. 8. Bnjt. lusit. 1. 341. 
 
 R. balearica Desf. cat. h. p. Pers. stjn. 2. 49. 
 
 R. atrovirens Fiv. Ji. ital. 4. t. 6. 
 
 R. capreolata A^eill in Edinh. philos.journ. 3. 104. 
 
 /S microphi/lla, foliolis suborbiculatis. 
 
 R. microphylla Desf. atl. 1. 401. 
 
 Hab. in Gallia aiistrali, Decandolle ; Lusitania, (Bro- 
 tei'o); Italia circa Pocstn in abund^, Woods; Insulis 
 BalearibuS;, Requien; Grecia (Sibthorp); /3 circa 
 Tunetani, Desjonl. (v. v. c. ^ s. sp.) 
 
 A climbing- plant with very long-, slender, bright 
 green, much divided shoots, reddish on one side, and 
 armed with slender, somewhat hooked red prickles. 
 Leaves usually deflexed, very shining, evergreen and 
 without any sort of pubescence ; stipules narrow, red, 
 refiexed at the end, with a few glands on their edge ; 
 petioles armed with Httle curved prickles; leaflets 5-7, 
 oval or ovato-lanceolate, flat, simply serrated, bright 
 green on both sides, but much paler beneath. Flowers 
 very numerous, white and fragrant; hractea^ naked, lan- 
 ceolate, reflexed, stained with red; peduncles wdked ov 
 glandular; tube of the cali/x ovate, naked or glan- 
 dular; sepals deciduous, ovate, acuminate, uoarly simple. 
 
118 ROSA PllOSTKATA. 
 
 shorter tlian the petals, roiigli witli jj^lands ; petals oh- 
 cordate, concave; stamens 1,*58-14(), quickly dropping 
 off; disk conical, very thick ; ovaries '6i) \ .v////e.v united 
 into a long-, hairy column. Fruit round, orange-co- 
 loured, small. 
 
 A veiy ornamental plant, rapidly forming a com- 
 pact covering to old pales or buildings against which it 
 is planted. From R. prostrata its raml)ling shoots and 
 hairy styles distinguish it. Viviani's R. atrovirens is 
 described with rough and figured with smooth fruit. 
 
 The Avrshire Rose described bv Mr. Neill in the 
 Edinburgh Philosophical Journal under the name of 
 capreolata does not appear to differ from this, which is 
 not a native of America, but is confined to the South 
 of Europe and North of Africa. 
 
 C5. ROSA prostrata. 
 
 R. surculis prostratis, aculeis subeequalibus falcatis, 
 foliis sempervirentibus, stylis glabris. 
 
 R. prostrata D. C. Jiort. monsp. 138. suppl. 536. 
 
 Hab. in Gallia australi. (Decand.) 
 
 This Rose has much resemblance to var. (3 of sem- 
 peivirens, from which it differs in having styles abso- 
 lutely naked; its tube of the calyx oval-oblong and not 
 globose ; its stem prostrate, with scattered somewhat 
 curved prickles ; fiowers either solitary or nearly so. 
 Decand. I. c. 
 
 Notwithstanding the very great resemblance be- 
 tween the description of this and sempervirens, I wish to 
 leave them separate for others who can compare the 
 two to decide. 31. De Candolle assures me that their 
 aspect is exceedingly dissimilar, and that they do not 
 vary when cultivated. 
 
ROSA MULTIFLORA. IID 
 
 CG. ROSA multiflora. 
 
 R. rainulis pedunculis calycibiisqne tomentosis, folioiis 
 inollibils lanceohitis rug'osis, stipulis pectinatis. 
 
 R. multiflora riiunh. Jap. 214. IFHld. sp. % 1()77» 
 Pers. st/n. 2. 50. Alt. hew. ed. 2. 3. 265. Bot, 
 mag. t. 1059. Smith in Rees in loc» Lindley in 
 Kers Reg. t. 425. 
 
 R. flava Donn. Cant. ed. 4. 12 L 
 
 R. floi'ida Poir^ enc. suppl. in loc. 
 
 R^ diffusa Roxh. ji. ind. inedP 
 
 Hab. in Japonia (Thunb.) ; China Staunton (v. v. c. ^ 
 s. sp> herb. Linn, et Lambert.) 
 
 Twelve or fifteen feet high. Branches flag-elliforni) 
 naked, flexuose ; prickles in pairs under the stipulae, 
 hooked. StipuUc linear, adherent, toothed, downy be- 
 neath ; petioles very villous; leaflets 5-7, approximatedj 
 rugose, lanceolate, obtuse, crenate, very dull, hairy on 
 both sides. Flowers of a beautiful pink, numerous, 
 small, clustered, always double ; bractece linear, tooth- 
 ed, quickly deciduous, downy, as are the pedicels, tur- 
 binate tube of the calyx, and entire, ovate sepaL\ 
 Styles downy, 18-25, united in a column, longer than 
 the inner petals. Fruii turbinate, bright red, not 
 crowned by the calyx, smooth, as are the peduncles. 
 
 This is known in the gardens only with flowers in a 
 double state, which then bear so much resemblance to 
 those of some species of Rubus, that it is commonly 
 known bv the name of the Bramble-flowered China 
 Rose. Its fruit has never before been described. For 
 an opportunity of examining- it I am obliged to Mr. 
 Lambert, in whose possession is a specimen brought 
 from China by Sir George Staunton, of what is cer- 
 tainly this plant, without the pubescence of peduncles 
 
120 ROSA BRUXONII. 
 
 and calyx ; winch is therefore (lociihioiis. It is so un- 
 like any othei* plant of the same division, that I know 
 not with which it can he confounded except with the 
 next species, from wliich it, however, differs very essen- 
 tially. 
 
 R. Grcvtllii, known also nnder the name of R. Ro.r- 
 humhli, is a weak variety. 
 
 67. ROSA Brunonii. Tab. 14. 
 
 R. ramulis foliolis lanceolatis calycihusq. tomentosis 
 glandulosis, stipulis integris. 
 
 Nomine celeherriml doctissimhjue Roherti Brown, ylus^ 
 tralasice hulagaforis uidefessi, Botanlcorum prin- 
 cipis, qui solus inter hodiernos Rosarum species jrro- 
 posuit novas omnesque recte, insignifa, 
 
 Hab. in Nepalia IVaUich, Budianan. (u. s. sp. herb. 
 Banks et Lambert.) 
 
 Shrub with the appearance of R. mosc/tata. Old 
 tranches sparingly hairy, stout, armed with scattered, 
 short, strong, hooked prickles ; younger ones downy 
 and glandular — their prickles falcate. Siipulcu linear, 
 adherent, subulate and spreading at the end, beneath 
 glandular; as are the petioles, which are hairy and 
 beset with a few falcate prickles ; leaflets 5-7, lanceo- 
 late, flat, sim])ly serrate, hairy all over, dull green 
 above, paler beneath and glandular; serrafures much 
 converging. Flowers in bunches; bractece straight, 
 lanceolate, hairy, rolled inwards at the edge, glandular 
 at the back; ;jp(///??c/r.v villous, brownish, covered with 
 setse and glands which are more densely placed on the 
 oblong villous tube of the calyx, but more sparingly on 
 the reflexed sepals; these last seem longer than the 
 
/^ 
 
ROSA MOSCIIATA. 121 
 
 petals, and are nearly simple; petah white? stamens 
 and stifles like those of piosc/iata. 
 
 This highly interesting^ addition to the division of 
 Roses with united styles is a native of Nepal, whence it 
 has been sent by Dr. Wallich. It was also found in 
 the same country by Dr. Buchanan, who communicated 
 specimens to Mr. Laml)ert. I am unable to refer it to 
 any species in lloxljurg-h's unpublished Flora Indica, 
 nidess it be his R. pubescens, a drawing of which I 
 have had an opportunity of seeing-. In this, all the 
 most important cliaracters of R. Rrunomi are omitted, 
 nor are tliey noticed in Roxbui'g"h's description. At 
 any rate, if they should prove the same, so indifferent 
 a name as pubescens will of course give way to that I 
 have proposed. , , . 
 
 From mnschata it differs in having hairy and glan- 
 dular leaves, branchlets, and calyx; the leaflets also 
 have an entirely different outline. 
 
 68. ROSA inoscliata. 
 
 R, ramulis nudiusculis, foliolis ellipticis acuminatis 
 subtus glaucis serraturis conniventibus, stipulis in- 
 tegris, sepalis compositis acuminatis. 
 
 R. moschata minor, &c. Bauh. hist. 2. 45 & 47. 
 
 R. muscate Regn. But. c. ic. 
 
 R. moschata 31111. diet. n. 13. Du Roi harbk. 2. 365. 
 Quer. fl. Esp. 6. 205. Jacq. Schonbr. 3. t. 280. 
 IFilld. sp. 2. 1074. Desf. att. 1. 400. Laivr. I'os. 
 tt. 53. 64. Pers. syn. 2. 49. Gni. bad. als. 2. 429. 
 Jacq. fragm. 31. if. 34. y. 3. Ait! Jtew. ed. 2. 3. 
 264. D. C. cat. hart, monsp. 138. Smith! in Rees 
 in loc. Redout, ros. 1. 33. t. 5 : 99. /. 35. 
 
 R 
 
122 ROSA MOSCIIATA= 
 
 R. opsostc'inniti Elir ! he'itr. 2. 72. 
 
 R. gland ulifeni Roxh! Jl. bid. ined. 
 
 (o nudhiaciila, foliolis oblongis acutis iin|)iibibus, pe- 
 tiolis pcdicellis calycibusque glandnlosis. 
 
 I lab. ill agfo Tunctano? iibi colitui- (Desf.) ; Ilispania 
 calidiorc, (Quci\), AUtromer; Madera, Staunton, 
 (Shuter). (v. v. cult, et s, sp. herb. Smith, Lam- 
 bert.) 
 
 Erect, much branched. Branches very sparingly 
 glandnlar, armed witli nearly eqnal, strong, hooked, 
 scattered prickles. Stipulrc linear, adherent, awl-shaped 
 at the end, fringed with glands, hairy beneath ; petioles 
 hairy, prickly, and glandular; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, 
 unpolished, simply and finely toothed, naked above, 
 glaucous beneath with a hairy midrib. Cymes very 
 numerous, about 7-flowered, corymbose with downy 
 ramifications ; bractece very deciduous, convex, reflexecl, 
 hairy and glandular; pedicels somewhat glandular, 
 downy like the ovate tube, and reflexed sepals; these 
 last elongated, slightly compound, fidling off soon after 
 the petals; petals pure wliite with a slight scent of 
 musk, nearly entire, spreading and somewhat convex ; 
 stamens 80-85, very quickly deciduous ; disk coloured, 
 thickened and nearly flat; ovaria 20; styles hairy, 
 united in a long slender column. Fruit small, red. 
 
 This is one of the few species found in the North 
 of Africa, extending across tlie continent from Egypt 
 to Mogadore and thence to Madeira, whence it was 
 brought by Sir George Staunton, and by him commu- 
 nicated to Mr. Lambert. On the authority of Quer, it 
 is found wild in the temperate and warm provinces of 
 Spain ; and in the Linneean herbarium is a Spanish 
 specimen from Alstromer. But there is no ground for 
 M. Thory's assertion, that it is a native of Hindostan. 
 Roxburgh, who describes it under the name of g;lan- 
 dulifera in his MSS. was uncertain how it found its way 
 into the Botanic garden at Calcutta; but guessed it 
 might have been introduced from China. 
 
J,"^/:. 
 
 '.'. ^ei^.. It;, //cr^ixa^^:^ /(yZ</. 
 
ROSA RUBIFOLIA. 123 
 
 It is very sfenenillv cultivated on account of the 
 fine musky perfume of its flowers; whence its name. 
 Our winters, however, are usually too rigorous for it. 
 It exhibits, ap])arently, the most compound inflorescence 
 of theg-enus; but I am disposed to consider the mass of 
 flowers it produces to be formed by the agg-regation of a 
 great nuuiber of leafless floriferous branchlets, each of 
 which considered separately would not be found in a 
 state of greater composition than is usual ; rather than 
 similar to cymes of Roses in general. Tiie order of 
 expansion confirms my opinion. 
 
 Besides their dissimilarity in hahit, it differs from 
 semperv'ireus nearly in the same way that ahi/ssinlca 
 does. And it is not the least remarkable part of these 
 the only Roses strictly natives of Africa alone, that they 
 should both have down on their branchlets, ramifica- 
 tions of inflorescence, and young fruit, which is a cha- 
 racter otherwise peculiar to certain Asiatic species only. 
 
 ^ 
 
 69. ROSA rubifolia. 
 
 R. ranmlis impubibus, foliolis ovato-lanceolatis serra- 
 turis divaricatis, stipulis integris, sepalis ovatis, fruc- 
 tibus pisiform i bus. 
 
 R. rubifolia Brown ! in Ait. hew. ed. alt. 3. 2G0. 
 Puvsh am. scptr. 1 . n. 9. Smith in Rees in I. 
 
 (3 fenestralis, foliolis utrinque impubibus, floribus sub- 
 solitariis. Tab. XV. 
 
 R. fenestrata Doun! cant. ed. 8. 170. 
 
 Hab. in America septentrionali, Masson (v. v. c. hort. 
 Sabine ets. sp. herb. Banks.) 
 
 A shrub three or four feet high. Roof shoots ascend- 
 ing, straight; branches bright green, without down. 
 
 R 2 
 
124 ROSA RUBIFOLIA. 
 
 sparingly armed with scattered falcate prickles. Leaves 
 distant; stipules very lon^, narrow, naked, fringed with 
 glands; ;?c/io/c naked, sparingly prickly ; leaflets -dhont 
 5, ovate, acute, simply serrated, serratures diverging; 
 bright green, naked and somewhat shining ahove, 
 very much ])aler and downy l)eneath. Flowers small, 
 ])ale red, about three together; pedaiiele and calyx 
 Mithout j)ubescence ; tlie former glandular: sepals 
 simple, ovate, hairy, reflexed, deciduous ; stamens de- 
 ciduous; sti/les united into a downy, clavate column. 
 Fruit about the size of a pea, quite round and naked. 
 
 This has hitlierto been considered a very obscure 
 plant, depending almost entirely upou the authority of 
 the Hoi'tus Kewensis, in the last edition of which it was 
 described by Mr. Brown from plants raised from heps 
 sent by Masson from North America. It is a very dis- 
 tinct species, having little affinity with any other than 
 R. moschata. From this its naked branchlets, peduncle 
 and calyx will immediately distinguish it without recur- 
 ring' to other characters. Its habit is the same, but 
 size less. The flowers, too, are pale red and very 
 small ; quite unlike those of moscJiata, 
 
 The variety fenestralis differs from the true 7nihi- 
 foUa in the total absence of pubescence on the leaves, 
 in their paler colour and thinner texture. My figure 
 was taken from an unusually weak specimen and does 
 not present the most common appearance of the plant. 
 The flowers grow generally three or four together. 
 
KOSA L.1<:VIGATA. Ui 
 
 Div. XI. Ihinlsiamr. Stipnla^ suhlihcrm, siibulatrr v. 
 angnstissimcr, s:rj)iiis dccidua'. Foliola sa'j)uis tcr- 
 nata, nitida. raiilrs scandentes. 
 
 The species of tliis division arc remarkable for tlieir long, 
 graceful, often climbing shoots, drooping white flowers, and ter- 
 nate shining leaves. 'J'heir distinguishing mark is the deciduous, 
 subulate, or very narrow stipnkr. 'i'heir fruit is very various. 
 Ji. Jiyfitrix has setigerous branehlets, and R. sctigera has united 
 styles. 
 
 70. ROSA kevigata. 
 
 R. stipulis lineari-ianccolatis semi-adiiatis, petiolis in- 
 crinibus, fnictibus nuiricatis. 
 
 R. lievigata Mich. hor. am. 1. 295. Pers. \i/n. 2. 49. 
 Pui's/i am. sept. 1. //. 10. Smith in liccs in I. 
 
 Ilab. in Gcorgise sylvis nnibrosis (Pursli), Fraser. (v.s. 
 sf. herb. Sabine.) 
 
 Stem climbing (Pui'sb). PricMes scattered, falcate; 
 stipules very narrow, united to the petiole by a small 
 part of their lower half, apparently not deciduous, 
 fringed witb glands ; petioles miked; lea/lets 3, ovate- 
 lanceolate, when old coriaceous, shining, simply ser- 
 rated, entirely free from ])ubescence. Flowers solitary, 
 large, white; peduncle and tube of the calipv cov^ercd all 
 over with dense, weak, unequal bristles ; sepals spread- 
 ing, ovate with a point, entire, dilated at the end, with 
 a few bristles at their back; petals longer than the last, 
 nearly entire. Stamens numerous ; mass of stii^mas 
 very large and woolly; disk thickened. Fruit oblong, 
 icd, muricate with stiff prickles and crowned by the 
 indurated sepals. 
 
126 ROSA SINICA. 
 
 Native of woods in Georgia, where it is said to 
 climb to the top of the tallest trees. Its reseniljliuice 
 to the next species is very great, and has occasioned in 
 one instance the Chinese plant to be mistaken for the 
 American, and thence to be called Cheroheeusis. 
 They may, however, be distinguished by the following 
 characters. R. Id'cigata has a climbing stem, persis- 
 tent, half-adherent stipules, naked petioles and ribs to 
 the leaves; R. ainica has a rambling stem, deciduous 
 subulate stipules, very prickly petioles and ribs. Their 
 fruit is so similar as not to be distinguished. 
 
 The only specimen I have seen was liberally com- 
 municated by Mr. Sabine. 
 
 71. ROSA sinica. Tab. 16. 
 
 R. stipulis setaceis deciduis, petiolis costaque aculeatis, 
 
 fructibus muricatis. 
 R. alba cheusanensis foliorum margine et rachi media 
 
 spinosis. Pluk. amaltJi. 185. 
 
 R. sinica Alt! keiv. ed. alt. 3. 261. 
 
 R. trifoliata Bosc. diet, fide Poir. 
 
 R. ternata Poi?\ in enc. hot. 6. 284. 
 
 R. cherokeeusis Donn! cant. ed. 8. 170. 
 
 R. nivea D. C. Iiort. monsp. 137. 
 
 Hab. in China, Bladh. (v. v. c. et s. sp. herh. Banks.) 
 
 Branches rambling, armed with scattered, red, 
 equal, falcate prickles. Leaves very shining; stipules 
 setaceous, deciduous, fringed with glands; petioles not 
 downy, armed with very numerous little prickles; 
 leajlets ternate, ovate-lanceolate, finely serrated, very 
 green above, paler beneath with a prickly rib. Floivers 
 white, solitary; sepals rigid, entire; /rM?7 orange red, 
 muricate, crowned with the spreading, rigid sepals. 
 

 i 
 
 .^>¥ir,^. .«*. 
 
ROSA RECUR V A. 127 
 
 This is a species not uncommonly cultivated in gar- 
 dens, where, liowever, it has never produced its flowers. 
 At Montpelliei" it blossomed and was taken for a new 
 species by INl. Decandolle and published in his cata- 
 log-ue under the name of R. nivea. There, however, 
 can be no doubt that this is what was intended in the 
 Hortus Keivensis for R. sin'ica, which name 1 have 
 therefore retained. It may be necessary to observe, 
 that Linnieus had another plant in view for R. sinica, 
 which is noticed in my remarks upon R. hidica. 
 
 I have already pointed out the differences between 
 this and R. hvvi^ata under the latter species. Their 
 heps are so similar that I have never been able to dis- 
 tinguish them. Fruit of R. sinica, gathered near 
 Macao, where it is common, I have received from Mr. 
 ISabine, and of R. Iccvigata from Mr. Fraser. 
 
 The tab. 16 is copied from a Chinese drawing in the 
 possession of the Right Honourable Sir Joseph Banks. 
 
 72. ROSA reciirva. 
 
 R. stipulis subulatis, foliolis 5-9, petiolis aculeatis, 
 fructibus muricatis. 
 
 R. rccurva Roxb. fl. ind. ined. 
 
 Ilab. in Nepalia, (Buchanan). Roxh. MSS, 
 
 Subscandent, well armed with strong, recurved 
 prickles. Leaflets 5-9, ovato-lanceolate, acutely ser- 
 rated, smooth. Stipules subulate. Petioles armed. 
 
 This stout, straggling, recurved, powerfully armed 
 shrub was brought by Dr. Buchanan from Nepal to the 
 Botanic garden, Calcutta, where it has been ten years 
 without flowering. Roxb. MSS. 
 
IL'8 llOSA SETIGKRA. 
 
 The c'lbove account of Dr. Roxl)urf!:li is tlie only an- 
 thority for the ])i*esent species. From tlie little that is 
 said of it I slioiild almost doubt its beinj^ ditl'erent from 
 R. s'inica, but I have met with no instance of that 
 species prodncin^' more leaflets tlian three; this is said 
 to have from 5 to 9. It should also seem to be more 
 robust. 
 
 73. ROSA setigera. 
 
 R. sepedis plnnatifido-setigeris, stylis coalitis, fructibiis 
 muricatis. 
 
 R. setigera Mich. hor. am. 1. 295. Pers. syn. 2. 48. 
 Pursli am. septr. 1. //. 7. Smith in Rees in I. 
 
 Ilab. in America septentrionali, (Michaux). 
 
 Stem erect, smooth, armed beneath the stipulee 
 with 1-3 sliort, recurved prickles. Stipules subulate ; 
 petiole rough with setse and little recurved prickles ; 
 leaflets 2t-{vw\'{i\\)-o, oval, usually with a point, acutely 
 serrated, smooth. Flowers numerous, or sometimes 
 solitary, rose-coloured ; stalks long, rough with setse ; 
 tube of tlie calyx round, rough ; sepals with a very Har- 
 row, sharp pointy somewhat pinnatifidly setigerous, 
 downy and glandular ; 7;r^r//.v broad, obcordate ; styles 
 twice as long as the tube of the calyx, twisted toge- 
 ther into a smooth column. Fruit globose, rough. 
 Ach. Richard's MSS. 
 
 For the foregoing acccmnt of this very little known 
 species, I am much indebted to M. Achille Richard, 
 who has taken the trouble to examine the herbarium 
 of Michaux for the purpose. Its united styles distin- 
 guish it from the rest of this division. 
 
7 
 
KOSA HYSTRIX. Iii9 
 
 74. ROSA hystrix. Tab. 17. 
 
 R. armis ramnloriini confertis : inajoribus falcatis, fo- 
 liolis ovatis, fructibus hispido-imiricatis. 
 
 Ilab. in Chinoe provincia Kiangsi, Staimton; Japonia, 
 herb. Lamb. (v. s. sp. herb. Banks et Lamb.) 
 
 Branches green, flagelliform, armed with nume- 
 rous, very small and stiff, unequal, straight prickles, 
 a few large, falcate ones being scattered among them ; 
 the scars only of the small ones remain on the old 
 stems. Leaves distant ; stipules very narrow, united 
 halfway, their disengaged part deciduous and leaving a 
 considerable scar; petioles without down, with a few 
 falcate prickles ; leaflets 3 together, ovate, flat, shin- 
 ing, simply serrated, pedicel lated, dark green above, 
 pale beneath with a prickly rib. Bractece none ; pe- 
 duncle and oblong purple fruit bristly with dense, 
 needleshaped, stiff prickles and setae; sepals persistent, 
 rigid, converging, ovate, pointed, nearly entire, with a 
 few stiff slender prickles, some of which are marginal; 
 disk flat, fleshy ; styles hairy, included. Flowers large. 
 
 Of this very rai-e species I have only been fortunate 
 enough to examine two specimens ; one with fruit, 
 from which the figure is taken, in the herbarium of Sir 
 Joseph Banks ; and the other in flower, but in a very 
 imperfect state, in the possession of Mr. Lambert, who 
 obtained it, with a considerable number of other Japan 
 plants, from a Dutch prize taken in the course of the 
 last war. Its branches are covered with little, short, 
 stiff setcB and a few larger falcate prickles mixed 
 among them. From the ticket of Mr. Lambeit's spe- 
 cimen it appears that the collector took it for the 7^ 
 canina of Thunberg. 
 
If'^O ROSA MICROCARPA. 
 
 75. ROSA microcarpa. Tab. 18. 
 
 R. floribus coryiiibosis, fructibus pisiformibus inermi- 
 
 bus. 
 R. clieiisan glabra, juniperi friictu Pet. ga%, 57. t. 35. 
 
 f.n. 
 
 Hab. in Chinee Provincia Canton, Staunton (v. s. sp. 
 herh. Banks 8§ plct. in icon. Sinens.) 
 
 Branches flagelliform, slender, defended by a few 
 small, scattered, deciduous, hooked prickles, when 
 young a little downy. Leaves distant, deciduous; 
 A///;M/e5 subulate, quickly falling off ; petioles downy or 
 naked ; leajiets 3 or 5, oblong, or ovato-lanceolate, 
 naked, simply crenato-serrate, above shining, dark 
 green, beneath paler. Flowers very numerous, small, 
 white; hractece deciduous ; stalks smooth ; fruit scarlet, 
 the size and form of that of Cratcegus oxyacantha ; 
 styles 15, hairy, very little exserted; disk flat; sepals 
 deciduous ; pericarps 2-3 roundish, naked, very shining. 
 
 There can be no stronger evidence of the very im- 
 perfect knowledge of Linnaeus in Asiatic Roses than his 
 citing this, which is very well figured in Petiver, to so 
 dissimilar a plant as R. indica. This error has been 
 continued by Willdenow, who probably, on that ac- 
 count, considered Linnaeus's R. indica to be something 
 vAih. which he was unacqaainted. 
 
 It has a near affinity to R. Banksice, from which its 
 prickly stem, in a young state slightly downy, and dif- 
 ferently shaped leaflets, sufficiently distinguish it. 
 
.^„l^ /) 
 
 <a/.C\-'f. ^-Z 
 
 .'yu<^^A»a^-<^.i>ci^ /f .f .^rJ'. 
 
 r^ir-«5' 
 
 V fi!?20. 
 
 'j'ftii/^.j^ 
 
ROSA BANKSIJ5. Vdl 
 
 76. ROSA Banksise. 
 
 R. ramis et fnictibus inermibus. 
 
 R. Banksiae Brown! in Ait. hew, ed. alt. 3. 258. Smith! 
 in Rees in I. Curt. mag. t. 1954. Lindley in 
 Kers reg. t. 397. Redout, ros. 
 
 R. Banksiana Abel chin. 160? 
 
 R. inermis Roxb. MSS? 
 
 Hab. in China, Ker. (v. v. c.) 
 
 Branches unarmed, weak, climbing-, dull green. 
 Stipules subulate, quickly deciduous, somewhat hairy ; 
 /?e^/t)/e.y naked, rarely hairy; leaflets 1-5, flat, oblong- 
 lanceolate, obtuse, often waved, simply serrated, en- 
 tirely free from pubescence except at the base of the 
 middle nerve, where they are very hairy. Flowers nod- 
 ding, numerous, small, white and very double, with a 
 weak but very pleasant scent ; hractece minute, quickly 
 deciduous ; peduncles naked, very slender, a little thick- 
 ened upwards; tube of the calyx hemispherical; sepals 
 ovate, pointed, entire; styles distinct, little exserted. 
 Fruit unknown. 
 
 This is the most elegant of the genus, growing with 
 great luxuriance in the open air, and producing its 
 charming blossoms in the utmost profusion. Mr. 
 Brown first noticed it in the last edition of the Ilortus 
 Kewensis, and honoured it with the name of Lady 
 Banks. An excellent figure of it is published in the 
 Botanical Register. 
 
 R. inermis of Roxburgh's unpublished Flora Indica 
 is probably this species ; and if so, a variety of it called 
 Wong-mouc-heuong, with double yellow flowers, is 
 cultivated in the Botanic Garden, Calcutta. 
 
 s 2 
 
[32 SPECIES INCEUT/E SEDIS. 
 
 * SPEC lES INCERTyE SEDIS. 
 
 77. Rosa pseud-iiulica. 
 
 Hab. in China (v. ic. p'lct. bibl. Lambert.) 
 
 Habit of R. uuUca. Prickles nearly equal. Sfipuies 
 verv hairy. Peduncle without bracteie, covered with 
 little short prickles. Tube of the caltjx and sepals very 
 hairy? Flowers double, deep yellow. Leaves more 
 finely serrated and coriaceous than of R. indka. 
 
 78. Rosa xanthina. 
 
 Hab. in China (v. ic, pkt. Bibl. Lambert.) 
 
 A Rose with all the appearance of R. spiitosissima 
 except having no setse and double flowers the colour of 
 R. sulphur ea. 
 
SPECIES DUBI/E. 133 
 
 ** SPECIES DUCI^, QUIBUSDAM PRIORUM 
 FORTE REFERENDA. 
 
 79. R. agrcstis Gmel. had. ah. 2. 416. 
 
 R. germinibus subglobosis pediinculisque hispidulis, 
 foliolis rotundis obtusis, eeqiialiter dentatis subtus 
 venosis albido-tomentosis, caule aculeolis raris rec- 
 tis, floribus solitariis. Gmel. *■ 
 
 Hab. in agiis argillaceo-lutosis calcareis apricis inter 
 segetes nee alibi (Gmel.) 
 
 Shymb a foot or foot and half high, erect. Branches 
 slender, smooth, green, unarmed at the base, upwards 
 covered with a few, little, straight, unequal prickles. 
 Leaflets sessile, round, obtuse, equally toothed, smooth 
 and deep green above, veiny and white with down be- 
 neath. Petioles nearly smooth. Stipules narrow lan- 
 ceolate, acute, smooth, entire. Flowers solitary, large, 
 white. Tube of the calyx roundish, rough. Sepals 
 compound, hispid, white at the edge with down, shorter 
 than the petals. Fruit roundish, smooth, red, fuscous. 
 Gmelin. 
 
 Perhaps allied to R: tomentosa. 
 
 80. R. hispanica 3Iill. diet. n. 7. 
 
 R. foliis utrinque villosis, calycis foliolis acute serratis, 
 fructu glabro. 3Iill. 
 
 Hab. in Hispania. 
 
 vStem four feet high. Prickles strong. Flowers 
 bright red, appearing in May. 3Iill. 
 
134 SPECIES DUIJLE. 
 
 81. 11. gemella. IF'dlcL enum. 544. 
 
 11. gcrnunibus dcpresso-globosis j)e(lunciilisqiic glabris, 
 Horibiis subgeiniiiatis, foliis oWongis acutis, pctiolis 
 venisque subtiis pubescentibus, aculeis caulinis ge- 
 ininatis. IFilld. I. c. 
 
 I lab. in America boreali. 
 
 Aculei breves uiicinati geminatl infra axillares, non 
 stipulares. Petala rnbra. Media inter R. lucidam et 
 caruUuani, sed folia nuUo inodo nitida. JVilld. 
 
 This is adopted by Pnrsh without addition or any 
 further remark, than that it is a low shrub with a large 
 flower, growing on dry sunny hills from New England 
 to Carolina. 
 
 R. gemella may be a distinct species, but by the 
 preceding account can be distinguished from R. Carolina 
 only by the smooth fruit. 
 
 The native country of the Linnoean specimens de- 
 scribed by Sir James Smith in Reess Cyclopaedia is 
 unknown. They are very incomplete: but as far as 
 any opinion can be formed of them, are European and 
 probal)ly of R. cinnajnomea, the leaflets being only a 
 little broader than usual. Certainly they answer in no 
 way to Willdenow's description, " Media inter lucidam 
 et carolinarn.'' 
 
 S'2. R. Lyonii Pursh am. septr. 1. 345. 
 
 II. germinibus subglobosis glal)riusculis, pedunculis 
 his[)idis, petiolis subaculeatis, caide glabro, aculeis 
 sparsis rectis, foliolis (3-5) ovato-oblongis acutis 
 serratis, supr<\ glabriusculis, subtus tomentosis, su- 
 perioribus simplicibus, floribus subternatis, stipulis 
 linearibus, calycis laciniis tomentosis linearibus vix 
 laciniatis. Pursh I. c. 
 
 Hal), in Tenassee, Lyon. Flowers i)ale red; leaves 
 small, with coloured veins. Pursh. 
 
SPECIES DUBI/E. 135 
 
 Described by Piirrili from speciuiL'iis in Lyons's Iiei- 
 bariuin. 
 
 This is another ])lant evidently very like R. Carolina^ 
 although perhaps siiffieiently distinct on account of the 
 scattered prickles. But when Pnrsh saw Mr. Sabine's 
 Uoses at N. Minims, he pointed out a plant growing- 
 there as his li. Li/ofut. This I unfortunately have not 
 seen with leaves on ; but in its leafless state it differs 
 in no resjiect from II. Carolina except in having smooth 
 fruit and some of the prickles falcate. 
 
 83. R. poUiniana Spreng. plant, mw. cogn. pug. 2. 
 pag. 66. 
 
 R. calycum tubis ovatis, pedunculisq. hispido-glandu- 
 losis; petiolis aculeato-glandulosis; foliolis ovato- 
 subrotundis utrinque glabrisserratis; dentibus glan- 
 duloso-serrulatis, trunco aculeato. Pollin. plant, 
 veron. 13 ex Poir. 
 
 This species is related to R sempervirens, which has 
 white flowers; leaves simply serrated; petioles smooth; 
 the divisions of the calyx entire. The present plant has 
 a stem 4 to 6 feet high, covered with hooked prickles; 
 the branches hispid, reddish, j)anicled, with three flowers 
 or more; petioles very bristly and glandular; leaflets 
 5-3, roundish oval, somewhat obtuse, green, shining 
 above, paler beneath; the denticulations glandular and 
 toothed; stipules ciliated, glandular; bractese amplexi- 
 caul, reddish, lanceolate, pointed, glandular beneath, 
 two often opposite with a third larger and lower chiwn; 
 peduncles rechlish, hispid, glandular; divisions of the 
 calyx piiinatifid; the flowers large, purple; petals oval, 
 rounded, slightly scented; tube oval, hispid; styles 
 distinct, twice as sliort as the stamens; fruit oval, globu- 
 lar. Grows in hedges at the foot of Mount lialdo. 
 Pollin. ex Poiret. 
 
 A mere variety of ruhiginosa? Pollin probably 
 means to compare it with the R. sempervirens of soiiie 
 German botanists, not of Linnaeus. 
 
136 SPECIES DUBI^. 
 
 84. R. hispkla Pair. enc. hot. n. 15. 
 
 R. germinibus globosis pedunculisque liispido-aculeatis; 
 foliolis ovatis, subtCis albido-tomentosis; caule acu- 
 leis sparsis, floribus solitariis. Poir. I. c. 
 
 To this M. Poiret cites R. porno spinoso, folio hir- 
 suto J. Bauh. hist. 2, ,'38. with a mark of doubt. This 
 figure seems to be It. villosa, and so I should have 
 guessed R. hispida to be also; but it is described with 
 leaves smooth above, which has never been noticed in 
 villosa: possibly it may be some variety of tomentosa; 
 but in that case Bauhin's synonym is wrong quoted. 
 
 85. R. evratina Bosc. diet. 
 
 R. germinibus ovatis hispidissimis; ramis petiolisque 
 subinermibus; foliolis quinatis ternatisve; pedun- 
 culis hispidis, fasciculato-subumbellatis, terminali- 
 bus. Poir. enc. suppl. 714. 
 
 Hab. in Carolina (Poir.) 
 
 This species is related to multi flora and yet more to 
 alha in the form of its leaves. Its stems and branches 
 are smooth, usually unarmed, as are the petioles; the 
 leaves are composed of 5 and sometimes 3 leaflets, 
 which are largish, oval, obtuse, nearly equally toothed, 
 green above, paler and somewhat glaucous beneath; 
 stipules entire with two sharp teeth. The flowers are 
 usually terminal, in bunches, almost umbellate; pedun- 
 cles straight, one-flowered, very bristly and glandular, 
 as is the oval tube of the calyx, and its limb at the base; 
 its divisions are oval, entire, acute, with a very long 
 point; the Jlower somewhat lai'ge, of a pale red. 
 
 This plant grows in Carolina and is cultivated in 
 most gardens of Europe. Poiret. 
 
 If this had not been compared with multiflora and 
 alba I should have taken it for some partially unarmed 
 variety of R. Carolina, which varies prodigiously in size 
 and form of leaves, prickles and pubescence. 
 
SrECIES DUBl^. 137 
 
 S6. R. Redutea gUiuca Thory in Red. Roses, torn. 1. t. 
 38. p. 101. 
 
 This, as M. Tliory observes, looks like an hybrid 
 j)roduction between R. I'ubriJ'olia and sphiosissima, hav- 
 ing the colour of tlie former with something of the habit 
 of the latter. Yet the two remarkable varieties of si/s- 
 tyla and arvensls which I have described, incline me to 
 refer this to ruhnfolia; from which in reality it does 
 not differ, except in being less and having a few setae. 
 The aculei at the base of the shoot in the figure are 
 very similar to those of I'librifoUa. 
 
 M. Thory has two varieties of this. With (3 I am 
 not acquainted. The variety y is R. nit'idaH; with 
 which the a has not two characters in common. 
 
 87. R. clynophylla. Thory la Red. ros. 1. 43. f. 10. 
 
 Stem shrubby, silky with hairs. Branches slender, 
 hairy. Prickles stipulary, two together. Leaves hang- 
 ing down; leaflets oblong elliptical doubly serrated, 
 shining above, hairy beneath ; /?e^/o/e^ glandular, hairy, 
 somewhat prickly; stipules narrow, fringed, pointed. 
 Flowers solitary. Peduncles very short, hairy. Tube 
 of the calyx roundish, hairy, sometimes underset with 
 floral leaves. Sepals undivided, pointed, silky. Petals 
 white, somewhat cordate, yellowish at the base. Fruit 
 roundish. Thory I. c. 
 
 Of this I can only judge from Redoute's figure and 
 Thory's description. That it belongs to my Bracteat(e 
 there is no doubt, and I should have added that it is 
 the same as involucrata if I had not Mr. Sabine's au- 
 thority for their being very different. I can perceive 
 nothing in the figure in which they disagree, except in 
 the absence of bracteae in clynophylla, which, as they 
 are not noticed in the description, 1 conclude really 
 not to be present. 
 
138 SPECIES DUBIiE. 
 
 88. R. triphylla Roxb. ji. hid. hied. 
 
 Scandent, armed. Leaves tei-nate, leaflets lanceo- 
 late. 
 
 Brought from China to the Botanic Garden, Cal- 
 cutta, where it thrives luxuriantly. It is an extensive 
 rambler, and is known to the Chinese labourers in the 
 Garden under the name of Tshate-boy-fa. 
 
 No figure of this species has been sent home by 
 Roxburgh. It may be R. microcarpa; at least 1 know 
 no other Chinese species to which the above account 
 can be applied. 
 
 89. R. cinnamomea Lour. Cocli. 323. 
 
 Hoa K6e Cochhichhiens. 
 
 Mui hoa Shi ens. 
 
 Hab. ubique culta in Cochinchina et China. (Lour.) 
 
 Stem shrubby, tufted, 3 feet high, branched, prickly; 
 petioles prickly. Flowers very red, single. Tube of 
 the calyx round; stalks unarmed; scent scarcely any. 
 Loureiro. 
 
 90. R. spinosissima Lour. Coch. 323. 
 
 Hoa houng tail Cochhichhiens. 
 
 Hab. ubique in Cochinchina (Lour.) 
 
 Stem shrubby, 6 feet high, somewhat climbing, 
 very prickly. Flower blush-coloured, scentless. Tube 
 of the calyx roundish, smooth. Petioles and peduncles 
 prickly. Perhaps R. shiica. Loureh^o. 
 
 It is very evident from the above description of 
 Loureiro that his plant is not what it calls itself; nor 
 is there any Chinese species to which it is referable. 
 
SPECIES DUBLE. 139 
 
 91. R. adenophylla PF'dld. enum. 546. 
 
 R. germinibiis ovatis calycibus peduncuHsqiie glandu- 
 loso-hispidis, petiolis glanduloso-pubescentibus in- 
 erinibus, foliolis simpliciter serratis subtiis glaucis, 
 margine glandulosis, aculeis ramorum sparsis. 
 IViUd. I c. 
 
 Hab 
 
 Flos magnus ruber, petalis emarginatis. Haec flore 
 simplici est. A duabus praecedentibus (turhinata et 
 pulchella) figura germinis, foliis rigidioribug minute 
 simpliciter serratis, di versa. IVilld. 
 
 Perhaps something allied to R, parvifoUa, if distinct 
 from it; but that species has never been heard of in a 
 single state. 
 
 92. R. tuguriorum JVilld. enum. 544. 
 
 R. germinibus subrotundis glabris, calycibus pilosis, 
 pedunculis hispidis, petiolis villosis aculeatis, caule 
 aculeis sparsis. IVilld. I. c. 
 
 Hab 
 
 Species ad extruendum casas v. tuguria aptissima. 
 In vernacula lingua Tapeten Rose audit. IVilld. 
 
 I should have guessed this to be R. arvensis, but 
 nothing is said of its styles, and Willdenow would 
 scarcely describe the same species twice over. 
 
 T 2 
 
UO SPECIES DUBIiE. 
 
 98. R. pulcbella JVilld. enum. 545. 
 
 R. gcrminihus siibrotiindo-obovatis pcdnnciilis calyci- 
 biisque glanduloso-blspidis, petiolis g-landnloso-pii- 
 besceiitlbus iuerinibiis, aculeis caulinis sparsis. 
 WdUL L c. 
 
 Hab. 
 
 Affinis proecedenti, (R. turhinatce), sed caulis tripl6 
 minor, flores parvi, gerininis forma diversa, petioli non 
 aculeati, et foliola subiotimda, quoe in pra^cedente 
 subrotundo-ovata. Wdld. 
 
 Is this the Rose de Meaux of the gardens? or some 
 variety of gallicaP 
 
 94. R. velutina Clairv. man. d'herhor. 163. 
 
 Fruit round, leaves cottony beneath, edges glan- 
 dular. CI. 
 
 Hab. in Helvetia circa Bruel, Winthertour. 
 
 Perhaps R.myriacanthaD. C. Clairv. But this can- 
 not be, because that species has leaves smooth on both 
 sides. 
 
 95. R. glandulosa Decand. suppl. 539. 
 
 Tliis elegant species of Rose forms a dense shrub 7 
 or 8 feet high ; the prickles are few, straight, and to- 
 lerably slender; those of the petioles are small and 
 hooked, intermixed with glandular hairs; leaflets 5-7, 
 perfectly smooth, somewhat glaucous, oval, obtuse, 
 small, doubly serrated with glandular teeth; altogether 
 like those of Burnet; flowers solitary, of a bright rose ; 
 stalks and tube of the calyx covered with long spini- 
 form and glandular hairs; stipules fringed with glands; 
 calyx with an oval tube, its segments almost always 
 
SPECIES DUBIiE. 141 
 
 entire, a little glandular beneath. This fine Rose 
 grows in hedges and thickets in the neighbourhood of 
 BriauQon, especially below the town and along the val- 
 ley leading to Lantaret. It flowers in July. Z)e- 
 cand. I. c. 
 
 Is this distinct from rubiginosa ? or is it a variety 
 of tomentosa with smooth leaves? 
 
 96. R. arborea Pers. syn. 2. 50. 
 
 R. caule arboreo, foliis pinnatis, foliolis ovatis. 
 
 Hab. in Persia, Olivier. 
 
 Plantulas juveniles e seminibus apportatis tantum- 
 modo vidi. ,Pers. I. c. 
 
 97. R. farinosa Rau enum. 147. 
 
 R. calycis tubo oviformi pedunculisque superne glabris; 
 foliolis ovalibus utrinque villosis mollissimis, du- 
 plicato-serratis ; petiolis tomentosis cauleque acu- 
 leatis : aculeis rectiusculis Rau I. c. 
 
 R. farinosa Bechst. forsth. p. 243. n. 159 et p. 1646. 
 
 Hab. circa Wirceburgum, Rau. 
 
 Three or four feet high. Prkhles strong, straight. 
 Young branches armed with slender, straightish, some- 
 what deflexed prickles; towards the extremities un- 
 armed. Petioles hoary and glandular. Leaflets on 
 both sides hoary and soft, above shining like silk, be- 
 neath glandular at the midrib. Peduncles 1-3, naked 
 upwards, downy at the base. Sepals compound with- 
 out glands. Flowers pale red. Frttit turgid, dull red. 
 Rau I. c. 
 
 Can this be a good species? Or is it not rather a 
 stunted R. tomentosa? or perhaps the same as our 
 hoary Sussex variety of R. Sahini fo} 
 
142 SPECIES DUBLE. 
 
 98. R. sempervirens Rau enum. 120. 
 
 Probably a variety of R. rubiginosa with prostrate 
 shoots, naked leaves and stipulee. It is astonishing 
 that so well-known a plant as R. sempervirens with 
 evergreen, shining leaves, united styles and white 
 flowers, should be confounded with a plant having de- 
 ciduous leaves, disunited styles and red flowers. 
 
 99. R. trachyphylla Rau enum. 124. 
 
 Undoubtedly referable to some variety of R. ruhi- 
 ghiosay differing, however, in having unusually com- 
 pound serratures to the leaves, and prickles infrastipu- 
 laiy. It can scarcely be R. sepium, as its leaflets are 
 said to be rounded at the base. 
 
 100. R. Orbessanea Redout, ros. 2. 21. c. Jig. 
 
 Appears to be some garden production and possibly 
 a variety of R. gallica ; with which it agrees in sepals, 
 habit, and in some measure in prickles ; but differs in 
 shape of fruit. R. turh'mata has the same sort of fruit, 
 but disagrees with this in so many respects that they 
 can scarcely be considered the same species. 
 
 101. R. fraxinea PTilld. enum. suppl. 37. 
 
 R. germinibus ellipticis glabris pedunculis glanduloso- 
 hispidis petiolis sub-aculeatis glanduloso-hispidis, 
 foliis glabris, caule aculeis sparsis fVilld. I. c. 
 
 Petala obcordata saturate rubra. 
 
SPECIES NOMINE TANTUM NOT/E. 143 
 
 *** SPECIES NOMINE TANTUM NOT^E. 
 
 R. macrocarpa Maur. cat. 15. 
 
 R. miitabilis Maur. cat. 15. 
 
 R. lutetiana Leman hi journ. phys. vol. 87. 
 
 R. urbica ibid. 
 
 R. rustica ih'id. 
 
 R. tomentella ibid. 
 
 R. piibescens ibid. 
 
 R. hystrix ibid. 
 
 R. nenioralis ibid. 
 
 R. subvillosa ibid. 
 
 R. cymbifolia ibid. 
 
 R. foliosa ibid. 
 
 R. ambigua ibid. 
 
 R. poterium ibid. 
 
 R. eel si i ibid. 
 
 R. eriocarpa ibid. 
 
 R. parvifolia f^/c?. 
 
 R. ancistium ibid. 
 
 R. neglecta ibid. 
 
 R. balsamica IVilld. enum. suppl. 38. 
 
 R. apii folia t^/W. 
 
 R. coiallina ibid. 
 
 R. niilletjia Linn. ammn. acad. A. 484. 
 
ADDENDA. 
 
 p. 9. ROSA microphylla. 
 
 Since my remarks upon this species were printed, 
 of which I had no other knowledge than was derived 
 from a drawing made in tlie East Indies, Mr. Lambert 
 has kindly coni'nunicated specimens received by him 
 from Dr. Wallich. It proves, notwithstanding its 
 apparent resemblance to R. bracteata, to be more 
 nearly allied to 11. serlcea, to the vicinity of which it 
 must be transferred. 
 
 p. 40. insert as synonym of R. rubella R. Candolleana 
 Red. ros. 2. p. 45. c.Jig. 
 
 p. 44. line 20. After Bell insert " Pallas (v. s. sp. 
 comm. eel. Lamhert ./' 
 
 p. 88. R. rubiginosa. 
 
 /. parvifoUa, pumila, ramis setigeris, foliolis subro- 
 tundis. 
 
 Hab. in vepretis Tauriee montosoe, Pallas, (v. s. sp. 
 comm. eel. Lambert.) 
 
 A curious stunted variety of R. rubiginosa, found 
 by Pallas growing in the mountainous part of Tauria. 
 Its branches are slightly setigerous and its leaves 
 small and round, like those of R. myriacantha, 
 
 u 
 
J4G ADDENDA. 
 
 p. 105. 5()-57. R. micmphylla. 
 
 11. foliolis nitidis argute serratis, calyce aculeis densis- 
 simis mui'icato, sepalis brevibus late ovatis apicu- 
 latis. 
 
 R. mici'opbylla Rojih. J/, hid. ijied. 
 
 Hoi-toiig-hong Sinensitan. 
 
 Hab. in China, Roxh., lf\dUch. (v. s. sp. comm. eel. 
 Lambert.) 
 
 A little, compact, bright green plant. Branches 
 naked, slender, somewhat flexuose ; prickles under the 
 stipules, straiglit? Stipules very narrow, spreading at 
 the tip. Petioles somewhat prickly, very slender; 
 leajlets 5-9, very small, shining, roundish ovate, point- 
 ed, quite free from pubescence, finely serrated. 
 Flowers solitary, with a narrow pointed bractea, very 
 double, pale red; cali/x covered all over with very close 
 set, straight prickles ; tube round ; sepals very short, 
 dilated, pointed, downy at the edge (like those of R. 
 bracteata in shape). 
 
 A charming little shrub resembling the Macartney 
 Rose in general appearance; and particularly in the 
 shape of the divisions of its calyx. It differs from all 
 In this section in its very densely muricated calyx and 
 narrow stipulae. See p. 9. 
 
INDEX SPECIERUM 
 
 ET 
 
 >|)Uouj>monmr 
 
 abyssinlca Broxvn 
 acicularis 
 aciplujlla Rau 
 adenopliylla Willd 
 ajfinis Rau . 
 agrestis Gm. . 
 asrrestis Sav. 
 alba L'lmi. 
 alpina L'nm. . 
 alp'ina Pall. . 
 aiplna lewis Red. 
 alpina pcndidina Red. 
 alpina ,3 Ait. 
 altaica Willd. 
 amhisrua Lem. 
 anciatrum Lem. 
 ajidegavensis Bat. 
 apiifolia Lem. . 
 arborca Pers. 
 arista ta Lapeyr. 
 arvensis finds. . 
 arvensis Schr. . 
 arvejisis Linn. . 
 arvina Krock. 
 atrovircns Viv. , 
 austriaca Cr. 
 
 halearica Desf. . 
 balsamica Willd. 
 Banksiae Brown 
 Banksiana Ab. , 
 
 116 
 
 belgica Mill. . . 
 
 p. 62 
 
 44 
 
 belgica Brot. 
 
 . 68 
 
 99 
 
 bengaJcnsis Pers. . 
 
 . 108 
 
 139 
 
 berberifblia Pall. 
 
 2 
 
 99 
 
 bijlora Krock. 
 
 37 
 
 133 
 
 bifcra Poir. . 
 
 62 
 
 88 
 
 biserrata Mcr. . . 
 
 88 
 
 81 
 
 blanda Ait. . . . 
 
 25 
 
 37 
 
 blanda /5 iSol. 
 
 25 
 
 40 
 
 blanda Brot. . . 
 
 68 
 
 26 
 
 blanda Pursh . . 
 
 13 
 
 37 
 
 Borrerl Wds. . . 
 
 88 
 
 26 ! 
 
 bracteata Wendl. 
 
 10 
 
 51 
 
 bractcata Monch 
 
 10 
 
 143 
 
 bractcscens Wds. 
 
 99 
 
 143 
 
 brevistjjla I). C. 
 
 111 
 
 98 
 
 lirunonii 
 
 120 
 
 143 
 
 bin-g'undiaca Pers. . 
 
 64 
 
 141 
 
 burgundiaca Ross. 
 
 70 
 
 33 
 
 
 
 112 
 
 cirsia Sm 
 
 100 
 
 98 
 
 calendarum Munch. 
 
 62 
 
 28 
 
 cainpamdata Eltr. . . 
 
 73 
 
 69 
 
 Candida Scop. . . . 
 
 112 
 
 117 
 
 Candolleanu Thory 
 
 145 
 
 69 
 
 canina Linn. 
 
 98 
 
 1 
 
 canina Thnnb. . . . 
 
 129 
 
 117 
 
 canina /3 Suter . . . 
 
 104 
 
 143 
 
 canina ^ D.C. . . . 
 
 88 
 
 131 
 
 capreolata Neill. . . 
 
 117 
 
 131 1 
 
 Carolina Linn. . . . 
 
 23 
 
 u 
 
 ^). 
 
148 
 
 INDEX SPECIERUM 
 
 Carolina Dn Roi 
 Carolina y 4r ^ Ait. 
 Carolina i Ait. . 
 Carolina ^ Ait. . 
 cai-oUniana Mich, 
 caroliniana BigA 
 caryophijllca Poir. 
 caucasea . . . 
 caucasica Pall. . 
 Celsii Lent. . . 
 centifolia Mill. . 
 centifolia Linn, 
 centifblia minor Ross 
 centifolia t Redout, 
 cerea Ross, 
 cliamarhodon Vill. 
 cJierolcecnsis Donn. 
 chinensis Jacq. 
 cliloropliylla Ehr. 
 cinnamomea Linn, 
 cinnamomea Rolh. 
 cinnamomea Lour, 
 cinnamomea Hcrm. 
 cinnamomea y. Red 
 clynophylla Red. 
 collina Jacq. 
 collina Smith, 
 collina Schr. 
 collincola Ehr. . 
 corallina Willd. 
 corymhifera Gm. 
 corymhosa Bosc. 
 corymhosa Ehr. 
 Crantzii Schultes 
 cuprea Jacq. 
 cuspidata Bieh. . 
 cymbifoUa Lem. 
 
 damascena Mill. 
 davurlca Pall, 
 dihracteata D. C, 
 diffusa Roxh. 
 diversifolia Vent, 
 divionensis Ross. 
 Doniana Woods, 
 dubia Wib. 
 dionalis Bcchst. 
 
 20 
 20 
 18 
 42 
 20 
 23 
 64 
 97 
 97 
 
 143 
 68 
 64 
 64 
 65 
 84 
 50 
 
 126 
 
 108 
 84 
 28 
 85 
 
 138 
 50 
 
 104 
 
 137 
 99 
 
 111 
 51 
 34 
 
 143 
 99 
 26 
 23 
 87 
 68 
 94 
 
 143 
 
 62 
 
 32 
 
 111 
 
 119 
 
 108 
 
 64 
 
 59 
 
 77 
 
 98 
 
 dumetorum Thuill. 
 dumetorum Sm. 
 dunensis Dod. . 
 
 eglanteria rubra Ross, 
 eglanteria Mill, 
 eglanteria Linn, 
 eglanteria jmnicea Thory 
 enneaphylla Raj', 
 eriocarpa Lem. 
 cvratina Bosc. 
 
 Jcccundissima Munch. 
 Jhetida Herm. 
 Jvetida Bat. . 
 Jiistigiata Bat. . 
 
 farinosa Rau 
 Jenestrata Donn. 
 
 ferox Lawr. 
 Jlava Don7i. 
 ficxuosa Rau 
 Jloridnj Donn. 
 Jlorida Poir. 
 Jluviulis Fl. dan, 
 foliosa Lem. 
 francofurtana Munch, 
 francfurtcnsis Ross. 
 
 fraxinifolia Bork. 
 fraxinifolia Dum. 
 
 fraxinea Willd. . 
 Jiisca Monch. 
 
 gallica Linn, 
 gallica hybrida Ser. 
 geniella Willd. . 
 geminata Rau . 
 glandulifera Roxb 
 glaiidulosa Bell. 
 glandulosa D. C. 
 glauca Desf. 
 glauca Lois. . 
 glaucescens Wulf. 
 glaucescens Mer. 
 glaucophylla Winch 
 glaucophylla Ehr, 
 gliitinosa Sm. 
 gracilis Wds. 
 
 99 
 88 
 50 
 
 87 
 
 86 
 
 84 
 
 85 
 
 23 
 143 
 136 
 
 28 
 84 
 77 
 99 
 
 141 
 
 123 
 3 
 
 110 
 88 
 23 
 
 119 
 28 
 
 143 
 73 
 73 
 23 
 15 
 142 
 112 
 
 68 
 
 113 
 
 134 
 
 113 
 
 122 
 
 37 
 
 140 
 
 104 
 
 98 
 
 104 
 
 98 
 
 99 
 
 46 
 
 95 
 
 74 
 
ET SYNONYMORUM. 
 
 149 
 
 grandiflora . . . 
 
 p. 53 
 
 longifolia Willd. . 
 
 p. 106 
 17 
 
 grandiJioTa JValh: 
 
 88 
 
 luciila Ehr. . . . 
 
 GreviUu Hort. . . 
 
 . 120 
 
 lucida Laxor. . . 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 lurida Andr. . . 
 
 104 
 
 Halkri A';-. . . . 
 
 . 112 
 
 ]utea Mill. . . . 
 
 84 
 
 helvetica Hall, f. . 
 
 88 
 
 latea Brot. . . . 
 
 46 
 
 hemisij]ia:rka Ilerm. 
 
 46 
 
 lutca hicolor Jacq, . 
 
 85 
 
 licrporhodon Ehr. . 
 
 . 112 
 
 Intea nigra, Promv. 
 
 21 
 
 Iteterophylla Was. . 
 
 77 
 
 \ lutescens Pitrsh . . 
 
 47 
 
 liibernica Sm. . . 
 
 82 
 
 1 lutetiana Lem. . 
 
 143 
 
 hibernica HooJc. 
 
 51 
 
 Lyellii .... 
 
 12 
 
 hispanica Mill. . . 
 
 . 133 
 
 Lyonii Piirsh . . 
 
 . 134 
 
 hisiDida Poir. . . 
 
 . 136 
 
 
 
 Iiispida Munch. 
 
 68 
 
 Macartnea Dum. . 
 
 10 
 
 hispida Sims . . 
 
 47 
 
 macrocarpa Maur. ca 
 
 t. 143 
 
 hispida Krock. . . 
 
 37 
 
 macrocarpa Mer. . 
 
 88 
 
 Hcn-tong-hong Siiiens. 
 
 9 
 
 iiiacropliyJla . . . 
 
 35 
 
 holosericea Ross. 
 
 68 
 
 niaialis Retz. . . 
 
 34 
 
 hudsoniana Red. 
 
 23 
 
 maialis Ilerm. . . 
 
 28 
 
 humilis Marsh. 
 
 20 
 
 marginata Wallr. . 
 
 58 
 
 hyhrida Vill. . . 
 
 37 
 
 micrantha Sm. . . 
 
 87 
 
 hyhi'ida Schl. . . 
 
 113 
 
 mkropliylla Desf. . 
 
 . 117 
 
 hystrix .... 
 
 . 129 
 
 micropliylla Roxb. 14 
 
 5, 146, 9 
 
 hystrix Lem. . . 
 
 . 143 
 
 microcarpa . . . 
 
 . 130 
 
 
 
 millesia Linn. 
 
 . 143 
 
 indica Linn 
 
 106 
 
 mollis Sm. . . . 
 
 77 
 
 indica Burnt. . . 
 
 108 
 
 mollissima Bork. 
 
 77 
 
 indica Red. . . 1( 
 
 )6, 108 
 
 monspeliaea Gou. . 
 
 37 
 
 indica Forslc. . . . 
 
 7 -^ ^^ 
 
 99 
 
 montana Vill. . . 
 
 . 113 
 
 inermis Roxb. . . . 
 
 131 
 
 montana D. C. . . 
 
 88 
 
 inermis Mill. . . . 
 
 37 
 
 Montezumae H. S^ B. 
 
 96 
 
 inodora Agardh . . 
 
 88 
 
 moscliata Mill. . . 
 
 . 121 
 
 involucrata Roxb. . . 
 
 8 
 
 mulliflora Thunb. . 
 
 . 119 
 
 involuta Sm. . . . 
 
 56 
 
 multiflora Reyn. 
 
 . 104 
 
 involuta Winch . . . 
 
 59 
 
 muscosa Mill. . . 
 
 64 
 
 
 ^^ ty 
 
 mutabilis Maur. cat. 
 
 . 143 
 
 kamchatica Vent. . . 
 
 6 
 
 mutica El. dan. 
 
 * 1 ■»-. — ^ 
 
 34 
 
 Jcamchatica Donn. . . 
 kamchatica Red. . . 
 
 45 
 3 
 
 myriacantha D. C. . 
 myrtifolia Hall. f. 
 
 65 
 
 88 
 
 
 
 nankinensis Lour. . 
 
 54 
 
 laevigata Mich. . . . 
 
 125 
 
 neglecta Lem. . . 
 
 143 
 
 lagenaria Vill. . . . 
 
 37 
 
 nemoralis Lem. 
 
 143 
 
 Lawranceana Swt. 
 
 110 
 
 nemorosa Lej. . , 
 
 87 
 
 laxa ...... 
 
 18 
 
 nitens Mer. . , , 
 
 98 
 
 leucantha Lois. . . . 
 
 99 
 
 nitida Willd. . . 
 
 13 
 
 leucochroa Desv. . . 
 
 99 
 
 nivalis Donn. . . 
 
 . 56 
 
150 
 
 INDEX SPECIERUM 
 
 nivea D. C. 
 nuda Wds. 
 
 ohtus'ifoUa Dcsv. 
 odorathsshna Szceet 
 odoratissima Scop, 
 olympica Donn. 
 opsostan7na Ehr. 
 Orbessanca Thory 
 
 palustris Marsh 
 palustris Buck. . . 
 parvi flora Ehr. . . 
 parvifolia Ehr. . . 
 parv'ifoUa Lem. 
 parvifolia Pall, 
 pendula Roth. . . 
 pendulina lAhin. 
 pendulina Lv;m. Jierh. 
 pensylvanica Mich. 
 pimpiiicU'ifoHa Linn. 
 pimpincirifoUa Pall, 
 pimpinelli/blia Vill. 
 pimpinellifolia Bieh. 
 pimpijieUi/blia S Red. 
 platypliylla Ran 
 Polliniana Spreng: 
 polyanthos Ross, 
 polyphylla Willd. . 
 pcmiifera Herm. 
 j)ompon'ia D. C. 
 Potei-iian Lem. . . 
 prostrata D. C. . . 
 provincialis Mill. . 
 provincialis Bieb. . 
 provincialis /3 Sm. . 
 provincialis y Sm. . 
 pseud-indica . . 
 pseudo-ruhiginosa Lej. 
 ptsilopliylla Rau 
 jnibesccns Lem. . 
 pulchclla Willd. 
 pulchclla Wds. . . 
 pulvcrulenta Bieb. . 
 jnimila Linn, 
 punicca Mill. . . 
 pusilla Maur. cat. . 
 
 p. 126 
 98 
 
 99 
 
 lOG 
 
 87 
 
 m 
 
 122 
 142 
 
 23 
 
 8 
 
 20 
 
 70 
 
 143 
 55 
 40 
 42 
 37 
 23 
 50 
 51 
 37 
 53 
 50 
 99 
 
 135 
 64 
 40 
 74 
 64 
 
 143 
 
 118 
 64 
 55 
 64 
 65 
 
 132 
 87 
 99 
 
 143 
 
 140 
 77 
 93 
 68 
 85 
 
 110 
 
 ^hor. 
 
 j)ygm(va Bieb. . 
 pyrenaica Gouan. 
 jyyrenaica 13 Sm. 
 
 Rcnnanas Jap. . 
 rapa Bosc. 
 recurva Roxb. 
 Rcdutca Thory . 
 Redntca rubcscens 
 rem en sis Dcsf'. . 
 repcns Gin. . . 
 repens Munch. . 
 reversa W. et K. 
 Reyiiieri Hall. . 
 Roxbmghii Hort. 
 rubella Sm. . 
 rubicunda Llall. J". 
 rubifolia Broxon 
 rubiginosa Linn, 
 rubiginosa cretica Red. 
 rid)ra Lam. . 
 rubra Incida Ross. 
 rubrifolia Vill. 
 rubrispina Bosc. 
 rugosii Thunb. . 
 rnpestris Crantz. 
 rustica Lem. . . 
 
 Sabini Wds. ... 59 
 sanguisorbijblia Donn. 51 
 
 sarmeidacea Woods. . 98 
 saliva Dodon. ... 81 
 scabriuscida Sm. . . 77 
 
 scandens Monch. . . 112 
 scandens Mill. . . . 117 
 
 scotica Mill 51 
 
 semperflorens Cnrt. . 108 
 semperjiorens carnea Ross. 106 
 semperjlorens minima Sims 110 
 
 145 
 
 38 
 37 
 38 
 
 5 
 15 
 
 127 
 
 137 
 
 13 
 
 70 
 
 113 
 
 68 
 
 57 
 
 88 
 
 120 
 
 40 
 
 104 
 
 123 
 
 , 86 
 
 95 
 
 68 
 
 .17 
 
 164 
 
 13 
 
 5 
 
 37 
 
 143 
 
 sempervirens Linn. 
 sempervirens Rau 
 sempervirens Ross, 
 sempervirens Roth 
 senticosa Ach. 
 septum Thnill. . 
 sepium Bork. 
 scricea . . . 
 
 117 
 
 142 
 
 113 
 
 87 
 
 98 
 
 88 
 
 99 
 
 105 
 
ET SYNONYMORUM. 
 
 151 
 
 serpens Elir. 
 setigera Mich. . 
 shh-azeiisis Kccmpf. 
 shnpl'icifolia Sallsh 
 sinica Ait. . . 
 siyiica Linn. . 
 sohtitialis Bess. 
 spinosissima Liym. 
 spinoslssima Lour, 
 spinosissima Gort. 
 spinosissima Monch 
 stipularis Mer. . 
 stricta Muhl. 
 stylosa Desv. 
 stylosa ;3 Desv. . 
 suaveolens Pursh. 
 suavifoUa Lightf. 
 suavis Willd. 
 sulphurea Ait. . 
 subvillosa Lem. . 
 surculosa Woods 
 sijlvatica Gat. 
 sylvestris Herm. 
 systyla Bat. . . 
 
 taurica Bieb. 
 tencriffensis Donn 
 tenuiglandulosa Mer. 
 ternata Poir. 
 tomentella Lem.. 
 
 112 
 
 128 
 
 61 
 
 1 
 
 126 
 
 106 
 
 99 
 
 50 
 
 138 
 
 34 
 
 56 
 
 88 
 
 42 
 
 111 
 
 99 
 
 87 
 
 87 
 
 42 
 
 46 
 
 143 
 
 98 
 
 68 
 
 112 
 
 111 
 
 31 
 
 98 
 
 87 
 
 126 
 
 143 
 
 tomcntosa Sm. . . 
 
 p. 77 
 
 trachyphylla Ran . 
 
 . 142 
 
 trifoliata Bosc. . . 
 
 . 126 
 
 triphylla Roxb. . . 
 
 . 138 
 
 tuguriorum Willd. . 
 
 . 139 
 
 turblnata Ait. . . 
 
 73 
 
 turbinata Vill, . . 
 
 37 
 
 turgida Pers. . . 
 
 15 
 
 varians Pold. . , 
 
 64 
 
 velutina Clairv. 
 
 . 140 
 
 villosa Linn. . . 
 
 74 
 
 villosa Dii Roi . . . 
 
 77 
 
 villosa Vill. . . . . 
 
 77 
 
 villosa Pall. . . . 
 
 88 
 
 villosa mifiuta Rau 
 
 77 
 
 viminea 
 
 49 
 
 virginiana Dii Roi 
 
 23 
 
 virginiaiia Mill. . . 
 
 26 
 
 virginiana Herm,. . . 
 
 42 
 
 1 umbellata Leys. . . 
 
 99 
 
 : umbellata Leers . . 
 
 87 
 
 I imguicidata Desf. . , 
 
 64 
 
 1 iirbica Lem 
 
 143 
 
 , usitatissima Gat. . , 
 
 81 
 
 i Woodsii 
 
 21 
 
 xanthina 
 
 132 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 \Vhen this woi'k was commenced I intended to leave 
 entirely out of my consideration the innumerable 
 double Roses of the gardens. And this for two reasons; 
 they are more properly in the province of the cultivator 
 than of the botanist ; and it is well known that Mr. 
 Sabine has been studying- them for many years with a 
 view to publishing the result of his observations in the 
 Transactions of the Horticultural Society. Neverthe- 
 less, by the persuasion of some of my friends, I have 
 been induced to alter my original intention, and to add 
 a sketch of a methodical arrangement of the chief 
 remarkable varieties, for the use of florists, till Mr. 
 Sabine's more extensive observations shall appear. 
 
 The names I believe are such as are generally em- 
 ployed in the principal nurseries near London. They 
 are all referable to R. gallica, R. parvifolia, R. centi- 
 folia, R. damascena, R. alba, and their varieties. 
 
 Rosa gallica. 
 
 Aimable beaute. 
 Atlas. 
 
 Belle Aurore, 
 Belle carmosie. 
 Belle pourpre. 
 Uelle violette. 
 Bijou- 
 Blue and purple. 
 Blue purple. 
 Blush liundrcd-lcaved. 
 
 Bright purple. 
 Brunette, 
 
 Carmine brillante. 
 Chancellor. 
 Couleur de feu. 
 
 Dark marbled. 
 Dark violet. 
 Delicious. 
 Dingy. 
 
 Double velvet. 
 Double marbled. 
 x2 
 
I5i APPENDIX. 
 
 * 
 
 Dutch tree. 
 
 Prince William the Fifth. 
 
 Dutch hundred-leaved. 
 
 Pyramidal. 
 
 Early llanunculus. 
 
 Queen. 
 
 Favourite purple. 
 
 Red and violet. 
 
 Ficrv. 
 
 lloyal purple. 
 
 Flanders. 
 
 Royal virgin. 
 
 Giant. 
 
 Saint John's. 
 
 Goliah. 
 
 Shell. 
 
 Granaat Appel. 
 
 Single velvet. 
 
 Grand purple. 
 
 Singleton's hundred-leaved 
 
 
 Spanish. 
 
 Infernal. 
 
 Stadtholder. 
 
 Italian. 
 
 
 
 Triumphant. 
 
 La grandc belle pourpre. 
 
 Tuscany. 
 
 Leyden, 
 
 
 Light purple. 
 
 Velours pourpre. 
 
 Lisbon. 
 
 Violette et rouge. 
 
 L'ombre agreablc. 
 
 
 L'ombre superbe. 
 
 
 
 Maiden. 
 Malabar. 
 
 R. parvi/olia. 
 
 Mignonnc. 
 
 Burgundy. 
 
 Mignonne, striped. 
 
 
 
 
 blush. 
 
 
 Mirabelle. 
 Montaubon. 
 
 JR. centifolia. 
 
 INIorocco. 
 
 Aurora. 
 
 Mundi. 
 
 
 
 Beautc supreme. 
 
 Nonsuch. 
 
 Blandford. 
 
 
 Black mottled. 
 
 Officinal. 
 
 Blue. 
 
 Ornement de parade. 
 
 Blush royal. 
 
 
 Blush cabbage. 
 
 Pa'stana. 
 
 Bouquet rouge royalc. 
 
 Perruquc. 
 
 Bright crumpled. 
 
 Petitte hundred-leaved. 
 
 Brussels. 
 
 Plicate. 
 
 Burning coal. 
 
 Pourpre charmante. 
 
 
 Pompadour. 
 
 Cardinal. 
 
 Princess. 
 
 Carmine. 
 
ArPENDIX. 
 
 loo 
 
 Cherry. 
 Cluster. 
 Cupid. 
 
 Drajron, 
 
 Earlv hundred-lcavcd. 
 
 Elysian. 
 
 Emperor. 
 
 Grand cremois. 
 Grand marbled. 
 
 Imperial blush. 
 Juno. 
 
 King. 
 
 Lurid. 
 
 Majorca. 
 Malta. 
 Mignonne, scarlet. 
 
 — — crimson. 
 
 purple. 
 
 favourite. 
 
 red. 
 
 Mottled purple. 
 
 Neapolitan. 
 Nonpareil. 
 
 One-sided. 
 
 Paragon. 
 
 Persian. 
 
 Pluto. 
 
 Poppy. 
 
 Portland. 
 
 Pourpre aimable. 
 
 -^-^— favourite. 
 
 ■ violette. 
 
 Prolific. 
 
 Proserpine. 
 
 Provins, single. 
 
 common. 
 
 - cabbage. 
 
 Provins, blush cabbage. 
 
 scarlet. 
 
 Childing s. 
 
 blush. 
 
 white. 
 
 Shailer''s. 
 
 damask. 
 
 dwarf. 
 
 invincible. 
 
 Dutch. 
 
 imperial. 
 
 royal. 
 
 Rouge superbe. 
 Royal red. 
 
 Sanspareil. 
 Siren. 
 Spong's. 
 
 Striped nosegay. 
 Superb carmine. 
 
 red. 
 
 Surpassante. 
 
 Trafalgar. 
 
 Versailles. 
 
 M. centifolia muscosa. 
 
 Single moss. 
 Double moss. 
 Double white moss. 
 
 R. centifolia poinponia. 
 
 De Meaux. 
 De Rheims. 
 Dwarf Bagshot. 
 
 Pom pone. 
 Proliferous Pompone. 
 
 St. Francis. 
 
156 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 H. damascciia. 
 
 Blush Bclglc. 
 
 monthly. 
 
 damask. 
 
 Early blush. 
 
 Fringed. 
 Pour seasons. 
 
 Great royal. 
 Grand monarque. 
 
 Incomparable. 
 Imperial blush. 
 
 Lesser Belgic. 
 
 Pale cluster. 
 
 Red damask. 
 monthly. 
 
 Red Belgic. 
 Rouge Agathe. 
 
 Wiiite monthly. 
 
 York and Lancaster. 
 
 Zealand. 
 
 a. (ilha. 
 
 Celestial. 
 
 De Bclgiquc. 
 Full double white. 
 Great maiden's blush. 
 
 Moraga la favorite. 
 
 Semidouble white. 
 Spineless virgin 
 
 THE END. 
 
 S. GosNELi., Printer, Little Queen Street, Luiidon.