STATE OP' ILLIx\OIS DWTGHT H. GREEN. Governor DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION FRANK G. THOMPSON, Director DIVISION OF THE STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY M. M. LEIGHTON. Chief URBANA REPORT OF INVESTIGATIONS — NO. 87 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1941 BY Walter H. Voskuil, Douglas F. Stevens, and G. N. Oliver Printed by authority of the State of Illiiiois URBANA, ILLINOIS 19 4 3 ORGANIZATION STATE OF ILLINOIS HON. DWIGHT H. GREEN, Governor DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION HON. FRANK G. THOMPSON. Director BOARD OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND CONSERVATION HON. FRANK G. THOMPSON. Chairman EDSON S. BASTIN. Ph.D.. D.Sc.. Geology ROGER ADAMS, Ph.D.. D.Sc., Chemistry LOUIS R. HOWSON. C.E., Engineering WILLIAM TRELEASE, D.Sc., LL.D.. Biology EZRA JACOB KRAUS, Ph.D., D.Sc, Forestry ARTHUR CUTTS WILLARD. D.Engr., LL.D. President of the University of Illinois GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DIVISION M. M. LEIGHTON, Chief (44617—2500—5-43) 'LLIffOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 3 3051 00006 7608 /^. 7 SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL STAFF OF THE STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DIVISION 100 Xatural Resources Building, Urbana M. M. LEIGHTOX. Ph.D.. Chief Enid Townley, M.S., Assistant to the Chief GEOLOGICAL RESOURCES Coal G. H. Cady, Ph.D., Senior Geologist and Head L. C. McCabe, Ph.D., Geologist fon leave) R. J. Helfinstine, M.S., Assoc. Mech. Eng. Ja.mes M. Schopf, Ph.D., Asst. Geologist J. Xorman Payne, Ph.D., Asst. Geologist Charles C. Boley, M.S., Asst. Mining Eng. Bryan Parks. M.S., Asst. Geologist Robert M. Kosanke, M.A., Research Assistant George M. Wilson, B.S., Research Assistant Henry L. Smith, A.B., Research Assistant Industrial Minerals J. E. Lam.vr, B.S., Geologist and Head H. B. WiLLMAN, Ph.D., Assoc. Geologist Robert M. Grogan, Ph.D., Associate Geologist Robert R. Reynolds, M.S., Asst. Geologist Oil and Gas A. H. Bell, Ph.D., Geologist and Head Frederick Squires, B.S., Petroleum Eng. Charles W. Carter, Ph.D., Asst. Geologist William H. Easton, Ph.D., Asst. Geologist Paul G. Luckhardt, M.S., Asst. Geologist Wayne F. Meents, Research Assistant Areal and Engineering Geology George E. Ekblaw, Ph.D., Geologist and Head Richard F. Fisher, M.S., Asst. Geologist Subsurface Geology L. E. Workman, M.S., Geologist and Head Arnold C. Mason, B.S., Assoc. Geologist Merlyn B. Buhle, M.S., Asst. Geologist Frank E. Tippie. B.S., Asst. Geologist Margaret Sands, B.A., Research Assistant Ruth E. Roth, B.S., Research Assistant W.A.LTER R. Smith, Research Assistant Stratigraphy and Paleontology J. Marvin Weller, Ph.D., Geologist and Head Chalmer L. Cooper, M.S., Assoc. Geologist Petrography Ralph E. Grim, Ph.D., Petrographer Richards A. Rowland, Ph.D., Asst. Petrographer (on leave) Physics R. J. Piersol, Ph.D., Physicist B. J. Greenwood, B.S., Mech. Engineer Donald O. Holland, M.S., Asst. Physicist (on leave) GEOCHEMISTRY Frank H. Reed, Ph.D., Chief Chemist H. W. JaCkm.vN, M.S.E., Chemical Engineer J.vMES C. McCullough, Research Assistant Coal G. R. Yohe, Ph.D., Chemist Carol Bartels, B.S., Research Assistant Chemist and Head A.M., Research Assistant Industrial Minerals J. S. M.A.CHIN. Ph.D. Delbert L. Hanna, Fluorspar G. C. Finger. Ph.D., Assoc. Chemist Everett W. Maynert, B.S., Research Assistant X-ray and Spectrography W. F. Br.^ley, Ph.D., Assoc. Chemist Analytical O. W. Rees, Ph.D., Chemist and Head Howard S. Clark, B.A., Assoc. Chemist L. D. McVicker, B.S., Asst. Chemist P. W. Henline, M.S., Asst. Chemical Engineer WiLLi.vM F. Wagner, M.S., .4.55/. Chemist K. F. BursaCK, B.A., Research Assistant Cameron D. Lewis, B.A., Research Assistant Mary Ann Winsche, B.S., Research Assistant Marjorie Winchester, B.S., Research Assistant MINERAL ECONOMICS W. H. VosKUiL, Ph.D., Mineral Economist Douglas F. Stevens, M.E., Research Associate Grace N. Oliver, A.B., A5st5/an/ in Mineral Economics EDUCATIONAL EXTENSION Don L. Carroll, B.S., Assoc. Geologist PUBLICATIONS AND RECORDS George E. Ekblaw, Ph.D., Geologic Editor Chalmer L. Cooper, M.S., Geologic Editor Dorothy E. Rose, B.S., Technical Editor Kathryn K. Dedman, M.A.. Asst. Technical Editor Alma R. Sweeny. A.B.. Technical Files Clerk Portia Allyn Smith, Research Assistant Meredith M. Calkins, Geologic Draftsman Leslie D. Vaughan, Asst. Photographer Special Staff to Aid in the War Effort Oil and Gas Resources Earle F. Taylor, M.S., Asst. Geologist M. W. PuLLEN, Jr., M.S., Spec. Asst. Geologist John A. Harrison, B.S., Spec. Research As':istant (on leave j Arnold Eddings, B.A., Spec. Research Assistant Virginia Kremers, B.S., Spec. Research Assistant Margaret Parker, B.S., Spec. Research Assistant Ground IVater Geology Carl a. Bays. Ph.D., Spec. Geologist C. Leland Horberg, Ph.D.. Spec. Asst. Geologist Stewart Folk, NLS., Spec. Asst. Geologist Ernest P. DuBois, Ph.D., Spec. Asst. Geologist Paul Herbert, Jr., B.S., Spec. Asst. Geologist Charles G. Johnson, A.B., Spec. Asst. Geologist Consultants: Ceramics, Cullen W. Parmelee, ^LS., D.Sc., and Ralph K. Hursh, B.S., University of Ulinois; Mechanical Engineering, Seichi Konzo, M.S., University of Illinois Topographic Mapping in Cooperation with the United States Geological Survey. This Report is a Contribution of the Mineral Economics Section. Mav 1. 1943 CONTENTS Page Introduction 9 Acknowledgments 13 Production and value of Illinois minerals in 1941 13 Coal 15 Production 15 Potential Illinois coal production during war years — by Gilbert H. Cady 20 Mechanization in Illinois coal mines 26 Distribution 30 Chicago coal supply 32 St, Louis coal supply 32 Degree-days for Illinois and the Illinois coal market area 33 Fuel briquets and packaged fuel 45 Coke and byproducts 47 Petroleum 47 Production 47 Supply and demand 47 Natural and manufactured gas 54 Natural gasoline and liquefied petroleum gases 55 Limestone and dolomite 57 Dimension stone 57 Crushed, broken, and pulverized stone 57 Commercial and government-and-contractor operations 57 Agricultural limestone 57 Limestone in the soil conservation program 58 Cement and lime 64 Sand and gravel (including silica sand) 67 Silica sand 67 Sand (other than silica sand) 67 Gravel 67 Ground silica 71 Tripoli (amorphous silica) 72 Clay and clay products (including silica refractories and fuller's earth) 73 Clays (including fuller's earth) 73 Structural clay products 73 White wares and pottery 77 Refractory products — clay and silica 77 Fluorspar 79 Zinc, lead, and silver 83 Other minerals 85 Ganister 85 Novaculite gravel 85 Peat 85 Pyrites 85 Sandstone and miscellaneous stone 85 Minerals processed, but not mined, in Illinois 87 Coke and byproducts 87 Packaged fuel and fuel briquets 87 Pig iron 87 Sulfuric acid 87 Slab zinc 87 Ground feldspar 87 Pig lead 87 Mineral wool 87 Expanded vermiculite 87 Alumina 87 Phosphates 87 ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1 Value of annual mineral production of Illinois, 1914-1941 12 2 County location map of Illinois 16 3 Annual production of Illinois coal, classified according to mining methods, 1928-1941 24 4 Trends in mechanization in Illinois coal mines, 1928-1941 25 5 Degree-day map of Illinois and adjacent region 35 6 Crude oil production in the United States, by districts, and in Illinois, 1936-1941 52 7 Annual production of limestone and dolomite in Illinois, 1920-1941 58 8 Agricultural limestone used in 1941 60 9 Annual shipments of cement and lime by producers in Illinois, 1920-1941 65 10 Annual production and value of sand and gravel in Illinois, 1920-1941 70 11 Distribution of values of clay and clay products in Illinois, 1941 76 12 Fluorspar, annual shipments and average value, from Illinois mines, 1913-1941... 80 TABLES Table Page 1 Summary of mineral production of Illinois, sold or used by producers, 1939, 1940, and 1941 10 2 Value of Illinois mineral production, summary of annual values, 1914-1941 14 3 Bituminous coal production in the United States, by states, 1937-1941 17 4 Production of bituminous coal in the United States and in Illinois and adjacent states, 1937-1941 17 5 Coal production of all Illinois mines, by types of mines, and by counties, 1941. ... 18 6 Estimated production of bituminous coal in Illinois and in the United States, by months, 1941 21 7 Amount and value of coal produced in Illinois, showing number and types of mines, 1920-1941 22 8 Strip coal produced by shipping mines in Illinois, by counties and by months, 1941 26 9 Trends in mechanization in Illinois coal mines, 1928-1941 27 10 Origin and destination of revenue railroad shipments of coal into the Illinois coal market area in 1940 and 1941 28 11 Origin of lake cargo coal, 1 939-1941 30 12 Lake cargo shipments and receipts of coal at Upper Lake docks, 1934-1941 30 13 Coal shipments on inland waterways, 1937-1941 31 14 Coal shipments into Chicago, Illinois, by fields of origin, and by months, 1941 ... 32 15 Coal shipments into St, Louis, Missouri, by fields of origin, and by months, 1940 and 1941 _ ^ 34 16 Average number of degree-days for cities and towns in Illinois and for principal cities in the Illinois coal market area, computed for the period over which such records have been kept, through 1941 36 17 Degree-days for 47 Illinois cities during 1941-42, by months, compared with normal average 42 18 Shipments of fuel briquets of domestic manufacture into the Illinois coal market area, 1940-1941 45 19 Production and value of packaged fuel in Illinois, 1938-1941 45 20 Production of coke and byproducts in Illinois, 1939-1941 46 21 Summary of byproduct and beehive coke and breeze consumed in states in the Illinois coal market area, 1941 48 22 Production and value of crude oil and related products in Illinois, 1939-1941 49 23 Crude oil production in the United States, by districts and by states, 1936-1941. ... 50 24 Prices of Illinois crude oil in 1941 52 25 Average value of crude oil in Illinois, 1936-1941 52 26 Supply of oils from all sources in the United States, 1939, 1940, and 1941 53 27 Stocks of crude oil and refined products in the United States, in Illinois, and in the central refining district, by months, 1941 53 28 Consumption of natural gas in Illinois, with sources, 1935-1940 54 29 Gas sales to ultimate consumers in Illinois, by principal uses, 1937-1941 54 30 Gas sales to ultimate consumers in Illinois, by uses and by months, in 1941 55 31 Limestone and dolomite sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1939, 1940, and 1941 56 32 Agricultural limestone used in Illinois, by counties, 1940 and 1941 61 33 Agricultural limestone produced in other states and sold in Illinois, 1935-1941 ... . 63 34 Agricultural limestone produced in Illinois and marketed in other states, 1935-1941 64 35 Production and value of agricultural limestone in Illinois, 1939, 1940, and 1941. ... 64 36 Cement and lime sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1939, 1940, and 1941 66 37 Sand and gravel (including silica sand) sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1939, 1940, and 1941 68 38 Ground silica sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1939, 1940, and 1941 72 39 Tripoli (amorphous silica) sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1939, 1940, and 1941 72 40 Clay and clay products (including silica refractories and fuller's earth) sold and shipped by producers in Illinois, 1939, 1940, and 1941 74 41 Value of building permits issued in Illinois cities, by cities and by type, in 1940 and 1941 78 42 Fluorspar shipped from mines in Illinois, by kinds, 1939-1941 79 43 Fluorspar shipped from mines in the United States, by states, 1940-1941 79 44 Fluorspar shipped from mines in the United States, by uses, 1940-1941 81 45 Fluorspar imported into the United States, by countries, 1940 and January 1 to September 30, 1941 81 46 Imported fluorspar delivered to consumers in the United States, 1940-1941 82 47 Fluorspar (domestic and foreign) consumed and in stock in the United States, by industries, 1940-1941 82 48 Zinc, lead, and silver mined in Illinois in 1939, 1940, and 1941, in terms of recovered metals 84 49 Other minerals, sold or used by producers in Illinois in 1939, 1940, and 1941 85 50 Minerals processed, but not mined, in Illinois, sold or used by producers in Illinois in 1939, 1940, and 1941 86 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign http://archive.org/details/illinoisminerali87vosk ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1941 Walter H. Voskuil, Douglas F, Stevens, and G. N. Oliver INTRODUCTION ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY in 1941 exceeded all previous years except 1920 in value of output with a total mineral production of $336,490,000 mined and sold or used by producers within the State, and the additional value of $164,217,000 for mineral materials processed, but not mined, in Illinois. These made a total of $500,707,000 for minerals produced and processed during 1941, which was an increase of $94,000,000, or 23 per cent over that for 1940, and an increase of $199,000,000, or 66 per cent over that for 1939. During 1920, which for Illinois minerals was the peak year of activity following the first World War, the State's mineral production reached the value of $373,926,000, and the value of $137,228,000 for mineral materials processed, but not mined, in Illinois. These made a total of $511,154,000, or only 2 per cent above the total for 1941. Considering that in 1920 the value of coal pro- duced was $273,509,000, while in 1941 the value of coal production was $100,- 212,000, the diversity and extent of mineral production and processing shown during 1941 is very significant. The minerals and mineral materials which made the largest increase in value during 1941 were pig iron, which increased $40,000,000 over the value for 1940; petroleum, which increased $17,000,000; coal, which increased $14,- 000,000; coke, w^hich increased $7,000,000; stone, including cement and lime, which increased $5,000,000; and slab zinc, which increased $5,000,000. All of these increases in mineral production and processing during 1941 were due directly or indirectly to the tremendous program of military prepara- tions carried on by the United States at a constantly increasing rate throughout the year. The second World War began to affect the mineral industry of Illinois during 1940 by the stimulation of demand from industries directly connected with filling orders for military equipment for this country and for foreign countries. This stimulation continued and increased throughout 1941 from the rapidly increasing military preparations of the United States and the great program of aiding its allies, which culminated in the United States entering the war in December, 1941. Compared with other states, Illinois ranked first in value of production for 1941 of fluorspar, ground silica, and tripoli (amorphous silica) ; third in value of coal, limestone and dolomite, and slab zinc; fourth in value of petroleum, pig iron, structural clay products, and fuller's earth; and fifth in value of sand and gravel, coke and byproducts, and lime. In total value of mineral production for 1940, Illinois ranked fifth, compared with its rank of sixth for the previous year. State ranking for 1941 is not yet available. Comparing the value of various minerals mined and sold or used by pro- ducers in Illinois in 1941, petroleum ranked first with a value of $179,533,000 (an all-time record for value) ; coal ranked second with a value of $100,212,000; [9] 10 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1941 Tab^e 1 — Summary of Mineral Sold or Used by Producers, 1939 Product Unit Detail Table Quantity Value Aver. Rank among States Quant. Value Petroleum — Crude oil bbls. M. cu. ft. gals. tons tons bbls. tons tons equiv. tons tons tons tons tons fine ounces tons 22 7 31 36 40 37 42 48 38 39 49 94,912,000 7,062,338 4,012,000 $101,200,000 225,200 228,900 $1.07 .032 .057 4 3 4 7 8 6 4 5 2 2 4 Natural gas Natural gasoline Liquefied petroleum gases. . 47,627,000 8,369,202 4,897,961 147,729 101,654,100 78,108,000 7,696,628 7,226,344 1,064,154 1.64 .92 1.48 7.23 3 Stone — Limestone and dolomite. . . . Cement 3 9 Lime 5 Clay and clay products — Clays (except fuller's earth). Fuller's earth 129,483 28,248 1,161,071 140,717 15,987,126 273,387 218,553 6,719,811 2,037,447 2,328,107 2.12 7.74 5.79 16.50 7 4 Clay products — structural. . White wares and pottery. Refractory products 4 Sand and gravel — Silica sand 1,120,641 2,926,675 5,720,973 11,577,305 1,518,681 1,162,008 2,426,755 1.35 .40 .42 Sand (other than sihca sand) Gravel Fluorspar 9,768,289 75,257 334 308 675 5,107,444 1,638,693 34,736 28,952 458 .52 21.77 104.00 94.00 0.68 6 2 Metals— Zinc Lead Silver Ground silica Tripoli (amorphous silica).. Other minerals . . 87,406 11,134 278,764 64,146 538,282 148,310 354,862 6.17 13.32 2 2 Annual mineral production. . . — $215,178,268 6 Minerals Processed^ but not Mined, in Illinois^ Coke and byproducts Packaged fuel tons 50 3,998 3,203,846 178,144 79,146 18,728,845 40,487 57,718,814 1,605,077 8,231,184 10.10 18.02 9.00 104.00 7 6 4 2 4 6 6 Piff iron. 4 Sulfuric acid 2 Slab zinc (out of state ore) . . 4 — 86,324,407 — Total minerals produced and processed — $301,502,675 — a Compiled from various sources, as stated in each detailed table. See footnotes for each table. ^ Other processed minerals produced in Illinois include alumina, phosphates, etc., but data for them are not available. MiyKRAL PRODUCTION 11 Production' of Illinois 1939, 1940, AND 1941* 1940 1941 Rank Rank Quantity Value Aver. among States Quantity Value Aver. among States Quant. Value Quant. Value 147.647,000 9.350.328 21.432.000 $160,900,000 252.500 1,122.000 SI 09 027 052 4 4 134,138,000 11.759,400 93,165.000 38,293,000 S174.380.000 352.800 3.747.000 1.054,000 SI. 30 03 04 028 4 4 — 162,274,500 — 179,533,800 51,283,000 86,667,000 1.69 3 4 55,365,835 100,212,000 1.81 3 3 9,487.369 5,006.727 161,358 7,751,479 7,347,253 1,150,113 .82 1.47 7.15 4 8 8 4 10 6 12,206,136 6,033,440 246,278 11,104.104 8,799,667 1,723,850 .91 1 46 7.02 4 9 6 3 9 5 ~ 16,248,845 — 21,627,621 160.666 24.974 1.272,654 198,343 340,376 205,494 7.051.300 4,965,374 3,872,045 2.12 8.24 5.55 19.50 6 4 7 4 4 222,405 26,676 1,556,420 244,352 490,525 209.577 8.248,514 6.555,472 4,791,299 2.20 7.87 5 32 19.61 6 4 7 4 4 — 16,434,589 — 20,295,387 1,396.087 3,518,135 5,839,226 1,811,363 1,450,400 2,576,362 1 30 .41 .44 4 5 2,092.700 5,038,032 8,230,247 2.872.961 2,249,091 3,764,944 1 37 .45 .46 3 10.753,448 5,838,125 .54 15,360,979 8,886.996 .58 5 104.698 2,313,747 22.10 1 1 133,333 3.047,247 22.85 2 1 4,818 1,508 4,766 607,068 150,800 3,389 126.00 100.00 0.71 9,198 2,376 20,340 1.379.700 270.864 14.464 150 00 114.00 0.71 — 761,257 — 1.665.028 106,397 11,521 279,724 628,488 155,576 242,526 5.88 13.45 1 2 1 1 139,116 13.833 137,053 849.609 200.700 171,177 6 10 14 45 1 1 1 1 — $291, 564, 653 j 5 — $336,489,565 3.813 4.093.623 188.355 97,001 26,951,464 36,531 73,882,065 1,721,565 12,222,126 9 60 18.05 9.15 126.00 6 7 4 2 3 5 7 4 2 3 8.924 5,461,459 112,723 33.654.940 95.431 113.558,606 16,908,450 10 60 20.79 150.00 6 7 4 3 5 7 4 3 — 114,813,751 — 164,217,427 — $406,378,404 — $500,706,992 12 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1941 d < _J _J O Q D _l < > < D Z Z < 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 1914 "15 '20 '25 '30 '3 5 '40 Fig. 1. — Value of annual mineral production of Illinois, 1914-1941. MINERAL PRODUCTION 13 stone, including limestone and dolomite, cement and lime, ranked third with a value of $21,627,000 (an all-time record for limestone and dolomite) ; clay and clay products, including silica refractories and fuller's earth, ranked fourth with a value of $20,295,000; and sand and gravel, including silica sand, ranked fifth with a value of $8,887,000. Considering mineral materials processed, but not mined, in Illinois, pig iron ranked first with a value of $113,558,000 (an all-time record); coke and by- products ranked second with a value of $33,654,000 (another all-time record) ; and slab zinc, smelted from out-of-state ore, ranked third with a value of $16,- 908,000. Other processed mineral materials produced in Illinois in large amounts include alumina, phosphates, etc., but data for them are not available. Acknowledgments This report is made possible through the cooperation of the Bureau of Mines and the Bituminous Coal Division of the United States Department of the Interior, the Illinois State Department of Mines and Minerals, and the cooperation of mineral producers throughout Illinois in furnishing information regarding their operations. Two officials of the United States Bureau of Mines have been of special assistance in the preparation of this report : E. W. Pehrson, Chief, Economics and Statistics Service, Washington, D. C. ; and O. M. Bishop, District Engineer, Urbana, Illinois. Each of the sections of this report was prepared under the supervision of the head of the division of the Illinois State Geological Survey which has charge of that mineral material. Special recognition should be made of the extensive and invaluable assistance of J. E. Lamar, Geologist and Head of the Industrial Minerals Division; and the counsel and assistance of G. H. Cady, Senior Geolo- gist and Head of the Coal Division, who contributed the special article on ^'Potential Illinois Coal Production During War Years" (see page 20) ; A. H. Bell, Geologist and Head of the Oil and Gas Division, and C. W. Carter, Assistant Geologist of that Division; Ralph E. Grim, Petrographer;- and R. J. Piersol, Physicist. PRODUCTION AND VALUE OF ILLINOIS MINERALS IN 1941 A summary of the production and value of Illinois minerals in 1941 is presented in table 1, with comparative data for 1939 and 1940. Detailed figures for each mineral are given in the various sections of this report, to which reference is made in table 1. The unit of quantity measurement used for each mineral product in this report is that commonly used in the commercial handling of that material. Wherever possible the net or short ton of 2000 pounds is used, but some products are sold by the gallon, barrel, cubic foot, or by the number of pieces. In some materials, diversity of products makes it impossible to give any measure of quantity. The value of each mineral product, in its first marketable form, is given as its net selling price at point of origin, without including any transportation expense other than that necessary in bringing it from the mine to the place where it is made into a marketable product. Wherever possible, average or unit rates of value are given. The quantity and value of metals are given, not as those of the ores, but in terms of the recovered metals. Mineral production is considered as those minerals or mineral materials which were mined and sold or used by producers in Illinois. Mineral materials which were processed, but not mined, in Illinois are shown separately. Every effort has been made to avoid duplication. 14 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1941 Table 2 — Value of Illinois Mineral Production Summary of Annual Values, 1914-1941^ (In thousands of dollars) Year Mineral Production of Illinois (thousands) Minerals Processed, but not Mined, in Illinois (thousands) Total Minerals Produced and Processed (thousands) 1914 15 $117,166 114,446 146,360 234,736 271,244 213,701 373,926 254,019 244,618 282,761 235,796 231,658 237,242 180,394 188,099 182,791 148,311 108,066 71,693 74,837 89,212 96,484 117,916 133,437 130,155 215,178 291,564 336,490 $44,843 82,871 130,082 144,754 149,740 95,077 137,228 54,136 85,820 142,131 95,506 118,702 119,642 105,099 110,622 125,516 89,303 52,014 24,385 34,786 41,405 57,038 78,693 104,359 50,482 86,324 114,814 164,217 $162,009 197,317 16 276,442 17 379,490 18 420,984 19 308,778 1920 511,154 21 308,155 22 330,438 23 424,892 24 331,302 1925 350,360 26 356,884 27 285,493 28 298,721 29 1930 308,307 237,614 31 160,080 32 96,078 33 109,623 34 130,617 1935 153,522 36 196,609 37 237,796 38 180,637 39 301,502 1940 41 406,378 500,707 a Compiled from U. S. Geol. Survey, Mineral Resources of U. S. — 1914 to 1922, incl. U. S. Bur. Mines, Mineral Resources of V. S. — 1923 to 19:31, incl. U. S. Bur. Mines, Minerals Yearbook.s— 1932 to 19;]8, incl. Minerals Yearbooks and joint canvasses made bv U. 8. Bur. ^Mines and Illinois Geol. Survey— 1939 to 1941, incl. Several changes In methods of presentation and classification of data have been introduced into this report, giving more detailed information on a larger number of individual products than in previous reports. Additional sections are given dealing with natural gasoline and liquefied petroleum gases; limestone and dolomite; sand and gravel (including silica sand); ground silica; tripoli (amorphous silica); other minerals; and minerals processed, but not mined, in Illinois. The section dealing with clay and clay products (including silica refrac- tories and fuller's earth) has been enlarged and made more detailed and compre- hensive. Graphs have been introduced wherever they give added clearness to the data and comparison over a period of years. Certain errors which inadvertently crept into reports on mineral production in 1939 and 1940 have been corrected in the current report, and the data given herein therefore supersede those of the previous reports. COAL PRODUCTION 15 Illinois has attained a position of importance among the various states in the production of several mineral materials. Its rank both in quantity and value of these materials is given in table 1. In order to permit comparison of mineral production in 1939, 1940 and 1941 with that in previous years, fig. 1 and table 2 are presented, which show the value of annual mineral production of Illinois from 1914 to 1941, inclusive. These indicate the effect on the State's mineral industry of the first World War and the period of great industrial activity which followed, through 1923. Then a period of gradual reduction through 1929, was followed by extreme reduction through the depression years, and then gradual increases through 1937. A temporary decline in 1938 preceded the great period of activity caused by the second World War beginning in 1939. COAL Coal is the second mineral product in Illinois in value. The 1941 produc- tion amounted to 55,366,000 tons, valued at approximately $100,212,000. Illinois ranks third in the United States in quantity of bituminous coal produced, being surpassed only by West Virginia and Pennsylvania. Illinois produced 10.8 per cent of the total for the nation. Production The production of bituminous coal in each state for 1937 to 1941, inclusive, is shown in table 3. During each of the past four years a progressive increase in •production has occurred in the nation as a whole, and also in Illinois. Table 4 gives this comparison between Illinois and the nation, and with two groups of adjacent states, (a) Indiana and Western Kentucky, and (b) Arkansas, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, and Oklahoma. Illinois production in 1941 showed an increase of 8 per cent over that for 1940, while that for the United States as a whole increased 1 1 per cent. Illinois coal production for 1941 is shown in table 5 by types of mines, giving the counties and mine-inspection districts. Local mines are those which do not ship by rail. The regional concentration of the coal industry in Illinois is shown in this table. Franklin County, in the southern part of the State, and Christian County, in the central part, showed the largest production. A county location map is given in figure 2. Seasonal variation in demand for bituminous coal, as reflected in the pro- duction by months during 1941 in Illinois and in the United States, is shown in table 6, giving the percentage of Illinois production to that of the nation. Cessation of production pending the negotiation of a new contract between operators and miners reduced output in April, 1941. The seasonal variation in Illinois, compared with that of the nation, was slightly less than that for the previous year. The amount of coal produced and its value at the mines is shown in table 7, for each year since 1920, by types of mines. For comparison, the 20-year average for the period 1920-1939, inclusive, is given. The past three years show gradual improvement both in quantity and average value, but the latter is still far below the 20-year average. 16 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1941 Fig. 2. — County location map of Illinois. COJL PRODUCTION 17 Table 3. — Bituminous Coal Production in the United States, by States, 1937-1941*- ^ (In thousands of net tons) State 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 Alabama Alaska Arkansas and Oklahoma. . . . Colorado Georgia and North Carolina Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas and Missouri Kentucky: Eastern Western Maryland Michigan Montana New Mexico North and South Dakota. . . Ohio . Pennsylvania (bituminous). . Tennessee Texas Utah. Virginia Washington W^est Virginia Wyoming Other States'^ Total bituminous 12,440 132 3,111 7,187 («=) 52,432 17,765 3,637 6,984 38,524 8,563 1,549 562 2,965 1,715 2,298 25,178 .11,002 5,213 910 3,810 13,795 2,001 .18,646 5,918 24 446,361 11,062 155 2,442 5,663 («=) 42,387 14,758 3,103 6,090 31,177 7,368 1,281 495 2,732 1,239 2,098 18,591 77,705 4,472 879 2,947 12,283 1,567 93,288 5,204 34 12,047 148 2,340 5,923 47,627 16,943 2,948 5,948 34,266 8,291 1,443 457 2,804 1,230 2,120 20,289 92,584 5,185 826 3,285 13,531 1,690 108,362 5,373 39 15,324 174 3,100 6,589 42 51,283 18,869 3,231 6,676 40,346 8,795 1,503 410 2,867 1,111 2,284 22,772 116,603 6,008 621 3,576 15,348 1,650 126,438 5,808 17 349,020 395,699 461,445 15,204 241 3,423 6,905 40 55,366 22,590 2,950 7,445 41,510 11,765 1,748 370 3,200 1,250 2,426 29,690 127,470 6,713 368 4,013 18,340 1,875 140,886 6,647 21 512,456 a Final figures for 1937 and 1938, from U. S. Bur. Mines, Minerals Yearbooks. Final figures for 1939 and 1940, and preliminary figures for 1941, from U. S. Dept. Interior, Bituminous Coal Div., Weekly Coal Reports; with the exception of those for Illinois, which include all mines irrespective of size of production, from Illinois Dept. Mines and Minerals, annual Coal Reports; total figures for the U. S. include this additional production. ^ Includes lignite. c Included in "Other States." '^ The states reporting are not identical from year to year. Table 4. — Production of Bituminous Coal in the United States, and in Illinois and Adjacent States, 1937-1941 *> ^ (In thousands of net tons) Year United States Illinois Indiana and Western Kentucky Arkansas, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, and Oklahoma 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 446,361 349,020 395,699 461,445 512,456 52,432 42,387 47,627 51,283 55,366 11,8'= 12.2 12.0 11.1 10.8 22,126 26,328 25,234 27,664 34,355 5.0<= 7.6 6.4 6.0 6.7 12,132 10,390 11,236 13,007 13,818 2.7'' 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.7 a See footnote ^, Table 3. ^ Includes lignite. •^ Per cent of total U. S. production. 18 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1941 Table 5. — Coal Production of All Illinois Mines, (In Mine Inspec- tion County Shipping Mines Strip Underground Total Dis- trict No. mines Tons No. mines Tons No. mines Tons 14 Adams 6 Bond 1 123,563 1 123,563 14 Brown 3 Bureau Cass 1 48 1 48,853 2 48,901 4 Christian 5 3 5,477,588 229,530 5 3 5,477,588 8 Clinton 229,530 13 Crawford 5 Edgar 10 Franklin 12 4 10,424,178 314,326 12 10 10,424,178 3 Fulton 6 4,062,162 4,376,488 11 Gallatin 7 Greene 1 Grundy 14 Hancock 3 9 10 Henry Jackson Jefferson 2 1 510,113 684,108 1 1 1 45,003 1,271,565 322,506 3 2 1 555,116 1,955,673 322,506 7 3 Knox 1 3 591,254 144,995 1 2 19,495 209,397 2 5 610,749 1 LaSalle 354,392 1 2 14 McDonough 4 Macon 1 9 5 1 53,183 4,349,965 1,612,536 186,147 1 9 5 1 53,183 6 Macoupin 4,349,965 7 Madison 1,612,536 13 Marion 186,147 1 Marshall 4 Menard 14 8 6 Montgomery 2 799,247 2 799,247 4 Morgan 9 2 Perry Peoria 2 2,847,196 9 1 5 921,917 408,789 772,519 11 1 6 3,769,113 408,789 9 14 Randolph Rock Island 1 880,861 1,653,380 11 Saline 1 824,997 10 8 3,331,702 2,466,844 11 8 2 4,156,699 4 Sangamon 2,466,844 14 Schuyler Scott 2 59,345 59,345 7 4 Shelby 2 Stark 8 St. Clair 2 493.884 15 1,085,570 17 1,579,454 a Compiled from Illinois Dept. Mines and Minerals, Sixtieth Coal Report, 1941. COAL PRODUCTION 19 BY Type of Mines, and by Counties, 1941* tons) LOCA L Mines County Total Mine Inspec- tion s trip Underground Total No. mines Tons Percent of State No. Mines Tons No. mines Tons No. mines Tons District 1 567 1 567 1 1 4 7 2 6 3 2 4 12 94 14 22 5 6 21 18 5 2 21 28 8 1 19 1 11 23 1 14 14 12 1 2 1 19 64 14 6 27 23 30 5 I 45 567 123,563 559 63,145 889 5,487,759 229,530 11,081 29,483 10,424,178 4,892,399 48,404 5,707 83,293 30,159 636,261 2,079,154 322,673 191 805,066 418,443 9,317 28,177 9,999 53,183 4,352,325 1,891,649 186,147 6,763 125,553 19,695 122 799,247 527 3,811,006 823,577 1,693,416 17,111 4,208,596 2,646,998 113,603 441 9,876 10,631 2,305,907 ' 0'2" OT 9.9 0.4 0^1 ' 18.9 8.9 0.1 "o l" 0.1 1.1 3.8 0.6 "i'a" 0.7 OT 01 7.9 3.4 3 0.2 0.1 l'4" ' 6"9 " 1.5 3.1 0.1 7.6 4.8 0.2 "4'2" 14 6 1 535 3 5 2 1 24 14,244 889 10,171 4 5 2 1 559 14,244 889 10,171 14 1 3 4 8 1 10,283 1 4 798 29,483 2 4 11,081 29,483 13 5 10 2 151,901 82 14 22 4 4 18 15 364,010 48,404 5,707 23,164 1,298 81,145 66,855 84 14 22 5 6 18 16 4 2 19 23 8 1 19 515,911 48,404 5,707 83,293 30,159 81,145 123,481 167 191 194,317 64,051 9,317 28,177 9,999 3 11 7 1 2 60,129 28,861 1 14 3 1 4 56,626 167 9 10 2 18 16 7 1 18 191 193,801 32,631 6,712 28,177 6,640 7 1 7 1 516 31,420 2,605 3 1 1 2 1 3,359 14 4 2 18 2,360 279,113 2 18 2,360 279,113 6 7 13 1 50 13 14 12 1 6,713 125,553 19,695 122 14 14 12 1 6,763 125,553 19,695 122 1 4 14 8 6 1 7 63 8 6 16 15 27 4 7 9 27 527 20,962 414,788 40,036 17,111 51,897 180,154 54,158 435 9,876 10,631 213,707 1 8 63 8 6 16 15 28 5 7 9 28 527 41,893 414,788 40,036 17.111 51,897 180,154 54,258 441 9,876 10,631 726,453 4 1 20,931 9 2 9 14 11 4 1 1 100 6 14 7 4 2 1 512,746 8 20 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1941 Table 5. — Mine County Shipping Mines Inspec- tion Strip Underground Total Dis- trict No. mines Tons No. mines Tons No. mines Tons 2 Tazewell 5 13 Vermilion Wabash 2 264,071 5 1,671,902 7 1,935,973 14 Warren 13 Washington 2 229,416 2 2 10 1 229,416 1,285,823 1 Will Williamson Woodford 2 3 1,285,823 711,963 12 2 7 1 1,256,454 40,304 1,968,417 40,304 No. of mines 29 13,360,820 113 37,672,499 142 Total produced (1941). 51,033,319 Potential Illinois Coal Production During War Years^ That 55 million tons of coal were supplied in 1941 by Illinois coal mines (table 5) to railroads, utilities, munition plants, manufacturing establishments, army camps, and a multitude of domestic consumers is a fact of tremendous importance in our war-time economy. This was about 1/10 (table 6) of the total production of coal and lignite in the United States, but it by no means represents the total fuel requirements of the area which used nearly 58 million tons of coal moved by rail (table 10), about 13 million by lake shipments (table 12), and about 4 million tons by truck (table 5). The total coal used in the market area, exclusive of that produced in states west of Mississippi River, prob- ably amounted to more than 75 million tons. This is in addition to the large quantities of fuel oil and gas used in the market area. War-time conditions will not only increase the demand for coal but will impose new restrictions on the transportation of coal into the market area, on the general utilization of fuels best reserved for special uses, and on the avail- ability of labor and of new equipment. In general, in war times, conditions of shortage are the rule, and such a condition is bound to be felt in the produc- tion of Illinois coal. During World War 1, Illinois coal mines reached the peak of their produc- tion in 1918 with an output of 88 million tons of coal from 370 shipping mines, working an average of 215 days. Approximately two million tons were also produced from local mines. At that time the use of oil and gas for the produc- tion of heat and power was much less general than at present, and restrictions had been placed upon the importation of eastern coals into the market area. It is noteworthy that the 1941 production of Illinois coal mines was about the same as that for 1915 and that war conditions in the three years, 1915-1918, jumped the output of our mines about 30 million tons or about 50 per cent. It would appear as though a similar rapid increase in production is now under way, inasmuch as the production of 1941 increased more than four million tons over that of 1940, and the current monthly production reports issued by the Department of Mines and Minerals show an increase during the months of January to July, inclusive, of nearly six million tons above that of the preceding 1 By Gilbert H. Cady, Senior Geologist and Head of the Coal Division, Illinois Geological Survey, Urbana. COAL PRODUCTION 21 Concluded. Local Mines County Total Mine Inspec- tion Strip Underground Total No. mines Tons Percent of State No. Mines Tons No. mines Tons No. mines Tons District 3 67 4 4 3 123,598 223.942 5,499 7,126 19,958 3 68 4 4 3 123,598 224,192 5,499 7,126 19.958 3 75 4 4 5 2 70 1 123,598 2,160,165 5,499 7.126 249.374 1,285,823 2,677,576 40,304 2 3.9 0'4' 2.3 4.8 0,1 2 1 250 5 13 14 13 1 1 611 59 708,548 60 709,159 12 2 29 881,096 628 3,451,420 657 4,332,516 799 55,365,835 100.0 year for shipping mines alone. Indications are that the production of 1942 will exceed by nearly 10 million tons that of 1941. And as yet, no special curtail- ments have been placed upon the use of gas and eastern coal, and only very light restrictions have been placed upon the use of fuel oil. That more drastic limita- tions on such fuels will eventually be made can scarcely be doubted except by the most sanguine. In view of the probable expansion in the demand for Illinois coal, it is wise to review our potential production capacity so that if the capacity appears to be below the probable need, suitable steps may be taken to forestall a shortage and undesirable restrictions on the distribution and use of coal. Table 6. — Estimated Production of Bituminous Coal in Illinois, and in the United States, by Months, 1941* (In thousands of net tons) Month United States'^ Illinois January February March April May 44.776 42,334 48,682 6,030 43,465 43,319 44,080 46,651 47,505 51,328 44,426 48,694 5,380 5,045 5,833 860 3,996 3,864 4,578 4,604 4.718 4.930 4.842 5,550 12.0- 11.9 12.0 14.2 9.2 June 8.9 Julv 10.4 August September October November December 9.8 9.9 9.6 10.9 11.4 511,290 54,200 Small mines in Illinois'^ 1,166 1,166 Total 512.456 55,366 Aver. 10.8 a U. S. Dept. Interior, Bituminous Coal Div 13, 1942. t* Includes lignite. c Per cent of U. S. total production, d By difference. Weekly Coal Report No. \V. C. R. 1299, June 22 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1941 z o < > si OO T^f^ Os O t- o^ O l^ 00 lO CN '— 1 On -* NO Ot^ -* T-^ '-H T-H O 00 l^ ^x^-^-^s, « » « — — o ■o" Ts" 73 -a T3 -a lO lO lO NO NO 00 ro CN CO fN Ol Ol ■ NO t^ t^ NO to NO Tt ■^ lor- ro NO "* lo to Tfi 00 t^ CS lOl^ re (N re re re CN O ■^ to 00 T^ T^ Tt^ re re re '^ ^ OOt^O ^ON lO to 00 '—I On On O t^ -^ to ro CN oor^ r^4 O lo 00 '-H On O OO On On On o -^ lor^ O ON '-H lO to O to 00 00 rv) t^ O Tt* re lO r-i '— 1 (M fN -^ lO lO t^ 00 re NOON '^ ON re *■ ■" r-4 CN fN CN re re re re re re re C c/o O ro -H O NO NO O <^ CO NO o> rNi On On t^ '+I 00 T-H ^— 1 t^ O fN 00 »— 1 l^t^ NOI^ NO nO to f<5 On O to t^ T^ lO NO nO <>l I^ O f*^ '— ' O 00 t^ -t- -t CM O PO lO ro NO -t to to '-^ rf "Tf NO OOn -t O I- re r^ O C O X 00 to -t to f-- 1^ to r^ PO PO rv) O 1— -^ CN --H rvj ir^ ^ (VJ 00 O 1^ t^ r^i -+H r^ NO On NO O rvi '-t- r^i r^ 00 oo -^ re t^ NO rN rN fNi to ^ (V^ ^ ro r^l -t to NO NO O to \C t^ ON T-H o <>i re -^^ — " " — rJ ro rrp ro ro re PO r: On O ^ '-I O ON OO ■^ NO t^ re On O CN O >0 O rO 00 ON ON 00 00 ON -t re Oi^ o ON 0^04_re_^'f^^ r^ O ON NO 00 On -t rsi NO r^ 00 On CM O On On 00 t^ s ON OJ > OS (LI o CN Strip and under- ground to fNI t— 1 CN f<^ 00 NO O 00 NO O to lO NO t^ t^ t^ NO ro 1^ to ■^ rO "^ »— 1 t^ O lO O lO O O nO nO O t^~ I^ T-H t-« lO 00 CN re O X- o 00 0^ -^^-^^-^^ NO fN O O On t^ NO lo CN re -t to O 00 00 00 r- NO c Oh IS CO D bb r^ t^ fN NO fN t^ fO CD CD rO Cvl t^ 00 NO ■^ o CO rvl ) PO '* ^ (VI r^i rN CN rv) On On On On On On -if * to NO t^ 00 ON O <>i r^^ CN CN r^ ro On On 0\ 0\ On On T-i CM re rf to re re re re re ON ON ON ON ON NO t- 00 0\ o ■^ re re re re Tt< -^ On ON C^ ON ON ON o U 3 o o .2 S =^ P 0) .ti c pq 3 . rior, year ly 1- , 192 ^ 3^-1 c^^"^ ^ I' " is^sS *j a; di >, 1 rtQbC^rH 3 . 2 ns >, op^E? 15 < 0) c W— 0; 0^ s ^ rt c o rt 1 ^a ^ 25 2 c^ C^ X o c ^1 ? K £ .s^.^:c o ^ O V y \ \ / \ y' \ \ ^TOTAL ILLINOIS / \ /^ i \ \ \ \ y ^ / \ ^ % \\ y / \ y^ % \ \ \ \L UNDER \ GROUND^ ^ ^ 1 / / / \ > / / / ^/^UNDERGROUND (MACHINE LOADED) / 1 - 1 1 1 X"" --*UN DERGROUI ^JD (HAND LOADED) t f 1 X '. "n ' 1 1 SiKIK MINLU N^ 1 1 1 In 1941, 12 mines in Franklin County operated an average of only 170 days. None of the mines operated more than 185 days and except for two mines all worked between 159 and 174 days. An increase in working time to 260 days might increase the production from about lOl/ to about 16 million tons, that is, an increase of 51/ rnillion tons. However, this possibilty is somewhat limited by the fact that some of these mines are laboring under restricted operat- ing conditions imposed by impurities in the bed and by limited reserves. There remain 79 shipping underground mines not located within either Franklin or St. Clair counties. Eight of these worked an average of 267 days, producing nearly 2i/^ million tons of coal. Not much increase can be expected COAL PRODUCTION 25 in the production of these mines. Sixteen other mines producing about lOi/^ million tons worked an average of 236 days. Increasing the number of operating days to 260, or about 1/10 the running time in 1941, might effect a corresponding increase in production of about one million tons. The remaining 55 underground mines working an average of 156 days produced only about 11 million tons. wu - / ^ 80 70 60 / - / ^ - / /^s^^ Z u u - / ^ ^~- / 1 /trend of mechanic ^^ LOADING (PER CENT M/v "^ LOADED OF TOTAL MINE UNDERGROUND) AL CHINE D / ^40 / / 30 20 / 7 ^ -— ^ y \ ^-^REN n OF STR IP MININC F 10 (PER CENT STRIP MINED TOTAL MINED IN ILLINOIS) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1928 '30 '32 '34 '36 '38 '40 Fig. 4. — Trends in mechanization in Illinois coal mines, 1928-194L The potential capacity of these mines working 260 days under the same conditions is about 19 million tons, an increase of 67 per cent, or about 8 million tons. The probability of such additional tonnage from the 55 small tonnage mines with the same equipment and man power is not substantial. In the first place, examination of the records will reveal that only 13 of these mines are operations that have started within the last eight to 10 years. These, with one or 26 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1941 Table 8. — Strip Coal Produced bv Shipping Mines (Net County District January Febr uary Mi April May Bureau. . . Fulton .... Henry Jackson . . . Knox LaSalle... Perry Randolph. . St. Clair. . . Saline Schuyler. . . Vermilion. . Will Williamson Total . 398,660 44,354 53,293 64,883 22,853 291,628 74,370 48,749 68,141 5,402 32,411 143,255 63,521 362,109 46,237 53,164 57,880 20,919 241,418 70,891 44,971 80,731 5,121 28,542 116,134 66.432 418,954 54,695 61,166 77,167 14,949 271,524 84,122 69,802 83,434 4,378 38,002 146,166 82,228 738 444 2,049 20,948 47,987 668 16,141 17,495 9,706 324,391 44,561 58,790 36,558 3,801 203,761 71,297 22,893 81,548 28,068 103,433 54,300 1,311,520 194,549 1,406,587 116,176 1,033,401 a Comi^iled from Illinois Dept. Mines and Minerals, Sixtieth Coal Report, 1941. two exceptions, are small operations which if they worked the full 260 days would each produce less than 100,000 tons. One or two mines recently opened are capahle of considerably expanded production over that of 1941 but of rela- tively little above that of the present year. Many of the 55 mines are 40 to 50 years old or more and are hampered by archaic layout, long haulage, difficult ventilation, and limited reserves. Summarizing the results of these considerations, the possible additional tonnage available from Illinois shipping mines above the amount produced in 1941 is estimated as follows: Tons St. Clair County 1,000,000 Franklin County 5,500,000 Stripping mines 4,500,000 Other underground mines 9,000,000 20,000,000 This additional production, assuming that the output of local mines is maintained at the same level as in 1941, would result in a total possible production of about 75 million tons. Mechanization in Illinois Coal Mines Production of coal by strip mining is highly developed in Illinois. Produc- tion by this process by shipping mines is shown in table 8, by counties and by months during 1941. Total strip production was more than 14,241,000 tons, or more than 26 per cent of the total for the State. Illinois again led all the states in volume of coal produced by strip mining. Underground mining also continued its marked trend toward mechanization during 1941, by rapid increase in the proportion of coal which was machine-loaded. Table 9 shows the trend of strip mining, as indicated by the amount of coal strip-mined each year from 1928 to 1941, inclusive, with its percentage of the total mined in Illinois, and the trend of mechanical loading as indicated by MINE MECHANIZATION 27 IN Illinois, 1941, by Counties and by Months' tons) June July August September October November December Total for Shipping Mines 313,073 46.798 43,771 35,874 3,892 228,289 76,110 43,666 79,689 14,254 90,551 45,807 290,127 40,219 56,907 46,851 1,326 259,091 83,371 38,261 60,449 15,051 87,734 77,626 351,272 48,330 45,477 47,040 9,714 257,136 84,943 38,351 58,463 939 12,868 100,458 72,391 371,043 49,079 72,975 61,196 15,027 271,356 85,148 33,242 64,370 6,622 13,331 116,147 415,507 44,594 83,917 39,458 13,537 288,737 84,412 42,445 68,824 8,982 16,801 123,498 57,548 377,469 43,627 72,799 56,761 17,523 254,434 76,349 41,615 63,636 13,565 22,935 115,240 62,429 48 438,819 47,175 81,849 67,586 19,405 279,822 89,848 48,941 67,725 13,668 25,667 125,712 56,622 48 4,062,162 510,113 684,108 591,254 144,995 2,847,196 880,861 493,884 824,997 59,345 264,071 1,285,823 711,963 1,021,774 1,057,013 1,127,382 1,222,889 1,288,260 1,218,382 1,362,887 13,360,820 Productic n of Local Strip Mines (see Table 5) 881,096 Total Str p Mine Production 14,241,916 Table 9. — Trends in Mechanization in Illinois Coal Mines, 1928-1941'* (In thousands of net tons) Year 1928. 1929. 1930. 1931. 1932. 1933. 1934. 1935. 1936. 1937. 1938. 1939. 1940*1 194n Strip Mined Amount 4,339 5,375 6,116 6,326 6,551 5,625 6,160 7,410 9,113 11,449 10,570 12,089 13,273 14,238 Per cent'^ 15.0 14. 16. 17. 22. 25. 25. 26. 26. Mined Undergroui Hand loaded 44,638 37,031 24,768 15,401 11,564 14,667 16,630 16,602 15,704 11,809 7,978 8,124 4,173 4,090 Machine loaded Amount 6,971 18,252 22,847 22,577 15,360 17,122 18,482 20,513 26,110 28,344 23,363 26,570 33 , 164 35,872 Per cent' 13.5 33.0 48.0 59.4 57.0 53.9 52.6 55.3 62.4 70.6 74.5 76.6 89.9 Total 51,609 55,283 47,615 37,978 26,923 31,789 35,112 37,115 41,814 40,153 31,342 34,694 37,337 39,962 Total mined ir Illinois 55,948 60,658 53,731 44,304 33,475 37,414 41,272 44,525 50,927 51,602 41,912 46,783 50,610 54,200 a U. S. Dept. Interior, Bituminous Coal Div., Weekly Coal Report No. W.C.R. 1303, July 11, 1942, and Sixteenth Census of the U. S. 1940, Mineral Industries, 1939. Does not include mines with daily production less than 50 tons. '' Per cent of total mined in Illinois. ^ Per cent of total mined underground. d Illinois Dept. Mines and Minerals, Sixtieth Coal Report, 1941. 28 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1941 Table 10. — Origin and Destination of Revenue Railroad Shipments of Coal into the (Exclusive of non-rev- (In net From To: Chicago District Illinois, other'' Mil- waukee, Wis. Wis- consin, other Council Bluffs, Iowa Iowa, other 1940 Western Penna. 2,034 15,115 72,784 1,117 500 1,032,100 7,188,931 1,180,704 251,938 3,027,320 43 585,943 4,770,944 2,847,860 532,695 40 3,908 4,929 318 40 194 34 277 5,513 408 993 660 52 Cen. Penna., Somerset-Myers- dale, Cumberland-Piedmont. Fairmont, W. Va N. and E.Ohio 10,589 1,052 1,307 S. Ohio 359 Kanawha, Logan, Kenova- Thacker 100,082 405,153 103,595 44,162 412,803 856 2,803,745 9,230,374 1,273,004 307,935 654 69,068 4,279 3,014 5,822 14,650 587,122 26,753 67,518 40,961 512 41 41 42 345 172,902 New River-Winding Gulf, Po- cahontas-Tug River NE. Kentucky, McRoberts. Virginia 71,709 132,308 13,622 Hazard, Harlan, S. Appa- lachians 534,351 N. Illinois 45 60,452 113,233 1,466 199,034 1,200,737 610,717 113,411 19^478 102 3,402 1,155,135 Cent, and S. Illinois 1,498,372 Indiana 459,927 Western Kentucky ... 252,286 Grand total .... 21,510,028 14,690,904 258,301 2,868,157 24,623 4,303,971 Per cent of change over 1939. + 16 7 + 13.9 + 8.0 + 13.5 — 3.6 + 11.1 1941 Western Penna Cent. Penna., Somerset-Myers- dale, Cumberland-Piedmont, Fairmont, W. Va N. and E. Ohio S.Ohio Kanawha, Logan, Kenova- Thacker New River-Winding Gulf, Po- cahontas-Tug River NE. Kentucky, McRoberts. Virginia Hazard, Harlan, S. Appa- lachians N. Illinois Cent, and S. Illinois Indiana Western Kentucky . Grand total Per cent of change over 1940 1,130 22,908 100,233 859 1,7'25 1,483,730 9,360,947 1,370,140 222,790 3,473,161 523,974 5,272,813 3,437,543 650,446 25,922,399 +20.5 [8,883 5.751 7,939 188 110,467 436,525 92,158 43,028 425,852 3,327,901 10,637,836 1,405,800 359,146 16,871,474 + 14.8 392 765 65,772 269 2,867 502 48,474 228,919 1,073 349,033 +35.1 6,714 228 394 16,176 637,635 21,111 65,311 46,445 209,601 1,378,809 855,280 136,600 3,374,304 + 17.6 692 394 46 297 27,768 267 4,780 34,244 +39.1 34 9,673 1,042 870 243 170,7-57 69,218 118,685 12,773 581,815 ,114,591 ,477,508 524,517 267,329 4,349,055 + 10 a Data from U. S. Dept. Interior, Bituminous Coal Div., Monthly Coal Distribution Report, No. 124, April 3, 1942. b Includes Davenport, Iowa, for shipments from Ohio and the Crescent; includes Daven- COAL DISTRIBUTION 29 Illinois Coal Market Area in 1940-1941^ enue railroad fuel) tons) St. Louis, Mo.'= Kan- sas City, Mo. St. Joseph, Mo. Mis- souri, other Kan- Ne- Minne- South North sas, braska, Da- Da- other other sota kota kota Total 1940 2,443 4,736 655 767 376 1,617 1,199 1,115 4,992 31 173 157 7,151 103 , 155 18,277 12,143 25,676 1,037 51,818 79,859 3,942 1,016 181,281 747 653 811 251 663 441 9,183 2,291 1,738 1,390 1,510,520 425,433 44 35 435 8,860,527 1,469,494 157,716 552,207 18,076 1,020 4,068,427 899 281 1,107,557 4,002 34,750 12^950 32 84,904 1,723 3,459 57,295 172 792 2^920 4,801,682 3,748,905 42 , 290 59,775 6,405 155 6,543 325,466 103,351 89,509 1,855 63,856 22.125 22,177,230 5,444,377 1,398,080 4,638,867 7,327 4-288.3 6,919 1,151,332 14,193 92,723 707,881 143,583 3,712 50,422,521 + 19.6 +23.2 +27.6 +27.1 + 10.1 +2.2 + 12.7 —52.7 + 15.0 1941 20,047 24,771 1,623 504 304 1,547 1,210 1,260 5,373 943 82,042 111 065 34 2,345 1,968 177,927 346 448 809 267 693 4,240 1,143,436 1,925 42,088 5,892 69,814 21,256 9,945 29,188 39.218 348,151 80,245 55,256 459 4,665 1,358 1,349 1,475 254 110,525 1,277 13,325 ■■■532 1^756 1,966,913 575,529 59 30 289 11,220,642 1,626,075 289,355 647,731 23,997 12^229 903 119 72,716 1,285 5,091 4,584,328 5,219,898 3,595,647 14,415 88,963 10,228 275 4,237 24,140,909 6,551.748 1,625.851 4,792,227 11,007 4,541 1,195,799 13,498 81,693 664,372 135,628 2,288 57,801,562 -{-3.3 +50.2 —34.4 +3.9 —4.9 —11.9 —6.1 —5.5 —38.4 +14.6 port, Bettendorf, and lowanna, Iowa, for shipments Kentucky; excludes East St. Louis, Illinois. <= Includes East St. Louis, Illinois. from Illinois, Indiana, and Western 30 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1941 the amount of coal machine-loaded with its percentage of the total mined under- ground. During the 14-year period covered by this table, the proportion of coal strip-mined increased from 7 to 26 per cent of the total mined, while the propor- tion of coal machine-loaded increased from 13 to 89 per cent of the amount mined underground. The methods of mining Illinois coal, with the annual production by each method, from 1928 to 1941, inclusive, are shown in figure 3. The increasing mechanization of Illinois mines is demonstrated for the same period in figure 4, showing the trend of mechanical loading by the percentage of the total mined underground which was machine-loaded, and the trend of strip mining by its percentage of the total mined. This great increase in mechanized methods of production has done much to reduce costs and enable the industry to stabilize its markets under severe competitive conditions. Distribution The Illinois coal market area comprises the states of Illinois, Wisconson, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Minnesota, South Dakota, and North Da- kota. The principal producing districts which supply this market area are Table 11. — Origin of Lake Cargo Coal, 1939-1941^- ^ (In thousands of net tons) From 1939 1940 1941 Ohio .... 2,356 9,259 266 1,697 8,665 10,883 7,998 2,646 11,578 308 2,049 10,372 12,025 9,133 3,947 Pennsylvania 11,612 Moundsville 395 Fairmont, Cumberland-Piedmont Southern W Va — Low volatile 2,568 9,010 Southern W. Va. — High volatile Eastern Ky., Tenn., and Va 14,277 9,585 Total 41,124 48,111 51,394 a U. S. Dept. Int., Bituminous Coal Division, Monthly Coal Report No. 123, Mar. 3, 1942. ^ Includes vessel fuel. Table 12. — Lake Cargo Shipments and Receipts of Coal at Upper Lake Docks, 1934-1941 ^ (In thousands of net tons) Bituminous coal loaded Receipts at Year into Total vessels at Lake Superior Lake Michigan receipts Lake Erie ports ports *^ ports 1934 34,869 8,023 4,535 12,558 1935 34,730 6,829 4,043 10,872 1936 44,011 9,358 5,114 14,472 1937 43,645 9,115 4,822 13,937 1938 34,173 6,614 3,758 10,372 1939 39,837 6,515 4,229 10,744 1940 46,548 6,991 4,436 11,427 1941 49,733 8,356 4,830 13,186 a U. S. Dept. Int., Bituminous Coal Division, Monthly Coal Distribution Report, No. 123, Mar. 3, 1942. ^ Ports on Lake Michigan west shore, not including Waukegan or Chicago. COAL DISTRIBUTION 31 Districts Nos. 7 and 8 (southern districts of the Bituminous Coal Division classification) in the Appalachian region, and Districts 9 (Western Kentucky), 10 (Illinois), and 11 (Indiana) in the Interior coal basin. Much of the coal consumed in this area is shipped in by rail. Table 10 gives a detailed distribution report of all-rail coal shipped into this area during 1940 and 1941, showing quantities of coal shipped into each of the principal divisions of the market area from the various producing localities, and the percentage of change from the preceding year for each division of the area. A large amount of coal from the Appalachian region comes in by water. This cargo coal is shipped by rail from the mines to Lake Erie ports, then by vessels on the Great Lakes to ports on Lake Michigan and Lake Superior, where it is consumed or shipped farther by rail. Large vessels and mechanical handling equipment for transfer from rail to water carriers enables this method of trans- portation to carry coal at less cost than all-rail shipments. Its operation is limited to the season of navigation on the Great Lakes, usually about eight months of the year. The producing districts where this lake cargo coal originates and the amount of shipments are shown in table 11 for the past three years. This includes vessel fuel as well as cargo coal. The volume of lake cargo ship- ments of bituminous coal and the receipts at upper lake docks- for the past eight years are shown in table 12. Constantly increasing amounts of coal are shipped in the Illinois coal market area on inland waterways, the Illinois and the upper Mississippi rivers. These shipments are shown in table 13. Coal tonnage during 1941 increased 30 per cent over that for 1940 on the Illinois River, and increased 11 per cent on the upper Mississippi River. Table 13. — Coal Shipments on Inland Water- WAYS, 1937-1941^ (In net tons) Upper Year Illinois River Mississippi River 1937 490,862 127,206 1938 956,120 178,276 1939 1,700,000 407,446 1940 1,976,189 652,898 1941 2,562,381 725,000 a Compiled from Chicago Regional Port Com- mission, "Interstate Port Handbook, 1942." 32 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1941 Table 14. — Coal Shipments into Chicago, Illinois, (In net Year Month Field of origin Western Penn. Central Penn. Fairmont Northern and Eastern Ohio Southern Ohio Kanawha New River 1941 January. . . . February. . . March April May June July August September. . October. . . . November. . December . . Total 1941 104 254 47 105 43 86 362 66 63 1,273 2,483 2,271 825 1,677 1,416 2,571 2,559 2,972 2,624 1,254 983 12,009 9,785 9,476 821 5,503 7,085 9,259 13,082 9,037 8,000 8,005 8,171 103 140 167 213 36 101 48 51 96 1,468 52 109 96,694 99,830 127,120 9,156 77,421 120,258 127,963 127,442 128,061 197,036 173,207 199,542 979,505 963,894 1,066,181 64,199 822,825 920,190 846,009 894,473 660,080 635,717 664,341 843,533 1,130 22,908 100,233 859 1,725 ,483,730 9,360,947 U. S. Dept. Interior, Bituminous Coal Div., Monthly Coal Distribution Reports. Chicago Coal Supply The largest center of consumption in the Illinois coal market area is Chicago and vicinity. Table 14 shows bituminous coal shipments into Chicago by months during 1941, giving the fields of origin. Of the nearly 26 million tons shipped into Chicago, 22.3 per cent was produced in Illinois, but the largest amount, 36 per cent came from New River field in West Virginia. St. Louis Coal Supply The St. Louis area has always been an important market for Illinois coal. Their smoke elimination ordinance caused a decided increase in the use of coal from the Appalachian fields, but the vigorous efforts of the Illinois coal operators to retain their natural market, through special preparation of their coal to reduce smoke, has met very substantial success. Table 15 shows the volume and sources of coal shipped into St. Louis during 1940 and 1941 by months, with the per- centage change in each field. Illinois furnished 75.3 per cent of the 4,790,000 tons of bituminous coal used in the St. Louis area during 1941. St. Louis also ships in some coal from Arkansas and Oklahoma but information in regard to this is not available. DEGREE-DAYS 33 BV Fields of Origin, and bv Months, 1941* tons) North- eastern Kentucky Virginia Hazard Northern IlHnois Central and Southern Illinois Indiana Western Kentucky Total Illinois per cent of total 217,911 21,780 428,398 65,348 566,703 348,096 70,050 2,808,070 22.5 205,247 20,920 374,279 52,329 535,369 309,057 66,086 2,639,673 22.2 183,778 19,117 402,225 51,764 616,114 428,362 70,218 2,976,793 22.4 4,888 2,816 10,278 3,904 101,385 45,767 55,056 299,095 r^.2 57,382 13,301 306,079 36,211 374,438 266,629 39,748 2,002,729 20 5 73,314 17,952 319,009 27,307 390,100 220,768 39,690 2,137,089 19.5 63,973 26,615 315,001 29,036 420,011 243,861 39,239 2,123,643 22.4 83,621 26,347 304,801 50,999 424,734 265,612 41,372 2,235,298 20 6 70,263 22,929 277,971 51,676 410,481 267,671 38,652 1,939,967 25.1 88,598 22,382 251,065 51,022 437,099 324,247 47,333 2,065,586 25.3 118,503 14,686 161,579 50,247 473,029 345,636 63,733 2,074,443 27.8 202,662 13,945 322,476 54,131 523,350 371,837 79,269 2,620,013 22.0 1,370,140 222,790 3,473,161 523,974 5,272,813 3,437,543 650,446 25,922,399 22.3 Degree-Days for Illinois and the Illinois Coal Market Area The importance of climatological data in the marketing of coal and other fuels used in space heating and in air-conditioning is being increasingly recog- nized. The fluctuation of demand for coal and other fuels, as affected by seasonal changes in temperature, is best indicated by tables of degree-days calcu- lated from average temperatures reported from U. S. Weather Bureau stations over long periods of time. Degree-days are the number of degrees of temperature that the average temperature for each day falls below 65° Fahrenheit. These are totaled for each month and a cumulative total for the heating season through each month is determined. These data averaged over a long period of time give a reliable guide to the fuel needs of the locality in which the temperatures are recorded. Table 16 gives the average number of degree-days for various cities and towns in Illinois, and for principal cities in the Illinois coal market area, where the U. S. Weather Bureau has kept records of average daily temperatures up to and including 1941. The number of years on which these calculations are based is listed under the name of each tow^n. The monthly averages (M) and cumulative averages (C) for the heating season through each month are given for each of the 81 stations. Figure 5 gives this information in graphic form on a map showing areas of equal degree-days for Illinois and the adjacent region. The cumulative average is given for each city. 34 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1941 o ^ c 1 ■3 S. -rt sOiOOiOOOOOOOOOOOC c t^(M\0'.-it^00f0f0O>OOi^ ro c o"-;: ™ t^ .5 , OOOOOCNt^'^ONroOt^LOOC .,— T^OOfNT^ro-^TtiCNvOOt-- LO OOOOONOOOOOOt^t^t^vOt^t- oc 1 1 1 t--.t^00CN00t^i>.t^t^Or^t~- r~ 1 00'— ivOLO-^'^t^O'-'O'rjLr' r^ ^^■^ooaN)l^OiOONOO\rO'*ir^OC fN ro r^fNfr;t^vOt^r~~oorj'^^r^ c T-^rfT^r^lTti-^OOCNT^OO-^C rtH rt V- .^ vOoor^iOtoPOuorooiOCN'^ >o ■•— lOlOOiO'Ot^CNOOOCN'-t'^ M3 Centr; and outhe Illinoi oOvOu-jvO'T^oioOOOO'-i'^t^ oc 00 -OTtiOOOsONOt^OO'-iON'-iCN 10 '^ 0N*~-O'^<^f^0Nt^Ot^0NOJ Tt' fO'-HOr^':*^'-Hi01>-MD'OONf<- ON lO . + ro fO Tt rsi r<5 ro ro rsi rsi rv] or to 1 ~ C/) f^ ro fNioO^^'O-rti'-HvOrOCNONt^ vC 1 rt< '-H Tf r^ CN oj ^ vo 00 '-H ■^ f^ ^ \OLOiOON00t^l>-t^fO'^-^t^ r^ 1 vO On u-) ■<* r^ CN 00 fO fO OM^ fN -^ CN CS t^ '-H CN oc ON 13 C OS -r ro ■^ 00 ■^ ■^ 00 >0 >0 00 rs ■^ c On f^ <:^]r^i'— >— c'— 1 r-irv)r<- OC 1 CNCNrO 1 fN'— I'— I'— IfSCNCNr^J ro r^ ^ « 1 1 r^i TJ ffiffi 1 1 + 0NOl<^0NT>00f0-H0NiCf^r^ \C ^OfNOOT-iOOON''^OOl--'sC 10 .2 .J^" •O'^^O-^ON'— ii^'^OiOfOC ^0nO'-iOO0\CN0n00000C 10 f<5'^)'— i'^'— I'— lOOf^^J^O^ON"" t^ . "^ 1^ 10 r-1 00 f^ ON -^ ^ ro '^ t- fO '^ ^OOfO^O'^rorvJ^ l-> t^ rN 00 1^ \0 ^O ■>* \0 -^ ro rhi r<" On" o CN ^ qj OO'-HO'^00TtiOOoot^ooNoooofN l^ n 0^, 00r^t^<>)Oi— vOr'5C>Ovrt OC I^T-ifr^O'^^'^r^'— I'— ilOt^'— r r^ ir- i^OTtH 'tfOiO^Ot^OO'Jt Cv) '— I t— 1 »— m2 (^1 (^1 T^ ^ fV, (VJ ^ NO t^ i^ c 1 1 ^ t^ ■« 1 1 + ?2§^SJ:^SSRJ^^^:i vC O'^O^CNT-H^-^O'^^OTt ,_! rOfNOOOOOroOOoit^O'- t^ "2 c ■^ c rv4T^TtfO(>ir')PO'*t^vO't t-- roOOT^t^NOrOOONOOOOC; '": '^ ,_i '-H ^ ^ ^ fN| (V5 rt< rsi T- '* ro c t "* rv] rN d^ + + -n .S 1 - : T* <-►- hn > > - O-C . fe e c • ■<* bC C S _C ON JH >> »-' ■^ ; "0 . t^ (U OJ T-i ^ ^ ^ C _> .11111 c > i2 1% >^ S ON &; DEGREE-DAYS 35 • jMilwaukee 7107 Hanniba 5162 Louisiana • 5074 4500 SCALE 20 40 Fig. 5. — Degree-day map of Illinois and adjacent region showing cumulative average degree-days (based on data through 1941). Degree-days are the number of degrees of temperature that the average daily temperature falls below 65° F., and are totalled for the heating season. 36 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1941 Table 16. — Average Number of Degree-Days for Cities and Towns in Illinois, and FOR Principal Cities in the Illinois Coal Market Area computed FOR THE PERIOD OVER WHICH SUCH RECORDS HAVE BEEN KEPT, THROUGH 1941* M=Monthly Average Degree-Days C=Cumulative Average Degree-Days Illinois Month Aledo (41 years) Aurora (62 years) Anna (57 years) Bloomington (50 years) M C M C M C M C September October November December January February March April May 341 341 750 1,091 1,147 2,238 1,271 3,509 1,092 4,601 806 5,407 450 5,857 93 5,950 30 30 403 433 810 1,243 1,178 2,421 1,333 3,754 1,120 4,874 930 5,804 510 6,314 186 6,500 155 155 540 695 868 1,563 961 2,524 784 3,308 558 3,866 240 4,106 310 310 720 1,030 1,085 2,115 1,209 3,324 1,316 4,640 806 5,446 300 5 , 746 62 5,808 Cairo (69 years) Carbondale (37 years) Carlinville (51 years) Charleston (56 years) September October November December January February March April May 155 155 510 665 806 1,471 899 2,370 756 3,126 527 3,653 210 3,863 155 155 540 695 868 1,563 930 2,493 784 3,277 558 3,835 240 4,075 248 248 630 878 992 1,870 1,116 2,986 924 3,910 682 4,592 330 4,922 31 4,953 279 279 660 939 992 1,931 1,116 2,047 952 3,999 713 4,712 360 5,072 93 5,165 Chicago (71 years) Danville (39 years) Decatur (50 years) Dixon (51 years) September October November December January February March April 341 341 750 1,091 1,116 2,207 1,271 3,478 1,064 4,542 899 5,441 540 5,981 248 6,229 279 279 690 969 1,054 2,023 1,147 3,170 980 4,150 744 4,894 390 5,284 62 5,346 279 279 690 969 1,054 2,023 1,178 3,201 1,008 4,209 744 4,953 360 5,313 62 5^375 403 403 810 1,213 1,209 2,422 1,364 3,786 1,148 4,934 899 5,833 480 6,313 May 155 6,468 Du Quoin (50 years) Effingham (41 years) Fairfield (47 years) Flora (54 years) September October November December . anuary February March April May 186 186 570 756 899 1,655 992 2,647 840 3,487 589 4,076 270 4,346 248 248 660 908 992 1,900 1,085 2,985 924 3,909 682 4,591 330 4,921 31 4,952 186 186 570 756 930 1,686 992 2,678 840 3,518 620 4,138 300 4,438 248 248 630 878 961 1,839 1,054 2,893 896 3,789 651 4,440 300 4 , 740 31 4,771 a Compiled from U. S. Dept. Commerce, Weather Bur., "Climatological Data. DEGREE-DAYS 37 Table 16. — Continued Illinois (continued) Month Freeport (35 years) Galva (49 years) Greenville (63 years) Griggsville (55 years) M C M C M C M C September October November December January February March April May 60 60 434 494 840 1,334 1,240 2,574 1,426 4,000 1,176 5,176 961 6,137 510 6,647 186 6,833 341 341 780 1,121 1,178 2,299 1,302 3,601 1,120 4,721 837 5,558 450 6,008 124 6,132 248 248 660 908 992 1,900 1,085 2,985 924 3,909 682 4,591 300 4,891 31 4.922 248 248 660 908 1,023 1,931 1,147 3,078 980 4,058 713 4,771 330 5,101 31 5,132 Harrisburg (42 years) Havana (49 years) Henry (53 years) Hillsboro (47 years) September October November December January February March April May 155 155 510 665 837 1,502 930 2,432 784 3,216 527 3,743 240 3,983 270 270 690 960 1,054 2,014 1,178 3,192 1,008 4,200 744 4,944 360 5,304 155 5,459 341 341 750 1,091 1,116 2,207 1,271 3,478 1,148 4,626 837 5,463 420 5,883 93 5,976 248 248 630 878 992 1,870 1,085 2,955 924 3,879 682 4,561 330 4,891 31 4,922 Hoopeston (38 years) Jacksonville (48 years) Joliet (50 years) Kankakee (25 years) September October November December January February March April May 341 341 690 1,031 1,085 2,116 1,178 3,294 1,008 4,302 775 5,077 420 5,497 93 5,590 279 279 660 939 1,054 1,993 1 , 147 3 , 140 980 4,120 744 4,864 360 5,224 62 5,286 372 372 750 1,122 1,036 2,158 1,271 3,429 1,120 4,549 868 5,417 480 5,897 155 6,052 341 341 720 1 ,061 1,116 2,177 1,240 3,417 1,008 4,425 806 5,231 480 5,711 155 5,866 LaHarpe (46 years) Lincoln (53 years) Marengo (81 years) Mascoutah (51 years) September October November December January February March April May 310 310 720 1,030 1,116 2,146 1,209 3,355 1,064 4,419 806 5,225 420 5,645 93 5,738 310 310 690 1,000 1,054 2,054 1,178 3,232 1,008 4,240 775 5,015 390 5,405 62 5,467 90 90 465 555 870 1,425 1,271 2,696 1,426 4,122 1,204 5,326 1,023 6,349 570 6,919 210 7,129 217 217 630 847 930 1,777 1,023 2,800 868 3,668 620 4,288 300 4,588 38 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1941 Table 16. — Continued Illinois (continued) Month McLeansboro (59 years) Minonk (47 years) Monmouth (49 years) Morrison (46 years) M C M C M C M C September October November December January February March April 186 186 570 756 899 1,655 1,023 2,678 840 3,518 620 4,138 270 4,408 341 341 750 1,091 1,147 2,238 1,271 3,509 1,092 4,601 837 5,438 450 5,888 93 5,981 341 341 750 1,091 1,147 2,238 1,302 3,540 1,092 4,632 806 5,438 420 5,858 31 5,889 372 372 780 1,152 1,209 2,361 1,204 3,565 1,148 4,713 868 5,581 480 6,061 May 120 6,181 Mt. Carmel (39 years) Mt. Carroll (51 years) Mt. Vernon (46 years) New Burnside (30 years) September October November December January February March April 186 186 600 786 930 1,716 992 2,708 868 3,576 589 4,165 300 4,465 60 60 434 494 840 1,334 1,240 2,574 1,364 3,938 1,176 5,114 930 6,044 510 6,554 186 6,740 217 217 600 817 930 1,747 1,023 2,770 868 3,638 620 4,258 300 4,558 155 155 540 695 868 1,563 930 2,493 756 3,249 558 3,807 270 4,077 May Olney (45 years) Ottawa (53 years) Palestine (59 years) Pana (52 years) September October November December January February March April 217 217 600 817 961 1,778 1,023 2,801 896 3,697 651 4,348 330 4,678 341 341 750 1,091 1,116 2,207 1,240 3,447 1,064 4,511 837 5,348 450 5,798 155 5,953 240 240 651 891 961 1,852 1,085 2,937 896 3,^33 682 4,515 330 4,845 31 4,876 279 279 660 939 1,023 1,962 1 , 147 3 , 1.09 952 4,061 713 4,774 360 5,134 May 62 5,196 Paris (48 years) Peoria (86 years) Pontiac (43 years) Quincy (30 years) September October November December January February March April 279 279 690 969 1,054 2,023 1,147 3,170 980 4,150 775 4,925 390 5,315 62 5,377 372 372 780 1,152 1,116 2,268 1,271 3,539 1,036 4,575 806 5,381 420 5,801 93 5,894 310 310 690 1,000 1,085 2,085 1,209 3,294 1,036 4,330 806 5 , 136 420 5,556 93 5,649 217 217 630 847 992 1,839 1,147 2,986 924 3,910 713 4,623 330 4,953 May DEGREE-DAYS 39 Table 16. — Continued Illinois (concluded), and Missouri Month Rockford (54 years) Rushville (50 years) Sparta (55 years) Springfield (62 years) M C M C M C M C September October November December January February March April May 30 30 403 433 810 1,243 1,209 2,452 1,364 3,816 1,176 4,992 930 5,922 510 6,432 186 6,618 279 279 720 999 1,054 2,053 1,178 3,231 1,008 4,239 744 4,983 360 5,343 62 5,405 186 186 570 756 899 1,655 992 2,647 840 3,487 589 4,076 270 4,346 279 279 690 969 1,023 1,992 1,147 3,139 980 4,119 744 4,863 360 5,223 62 5,285 Sycamore (61 years) Urbana (39 years) Walnut (50 years) Waukegan (19 years) September October November December January February March 60 60 434 494 840 1,334 1,209 2,543 1,364 3,907 1,176 5,083 961 6,044 540 6,584 217 6,801 30 30 310 340 720 1,060 1,085 2,145 1,178 3,323 1,008 4,331 775 5,106 450 5,556 124 5,680 341 341 780 1,121 1,178 2,299 1,302 3,601 1,120 4,721 868 5,589 450 6,039 90 6,129 30 30 403 433 780 1,213 1,147 2,360 1,302 3,662 1,092 4,754 961 5,715 600 6,315 279 6,594 White Hall (51 years) St. Louis, Mo. (68 years) Hannibal, Mo. (49 years) Louisiana, Mo. (48 years) September October November December January February March April May 279 279 660 939 1,023 1,962 1 , 147 3 , 109 924 4,033 713 4,746 330 5,076 31 5,107 186 186 570 756 899 1,655 1,023 2,678 840 3,518 620 4,138 270 4,408 248 248 660 908 1,023 1,931 1,147 3,078 980 4,058 713 4,771 360 5,131 31 5,162 279 279 630 909 1,023 1,932 1,147 3,079 952 4,031 682 4,713 330 5,043 31 5,074 Iowa September October . . November December. January. . February. March . '. . April May Ames (48 years) 30 403 840 1,271 1,426 1,204 899 480 155 30 433 1,273 2,544 3,970 5,174 6,073 6,553 6,708 Dubuque (67 years) 30 403 840 1,240 1,426 1,176 961 480 155 30 433 1,273 2,513 3,939 5,115 6,076 6,556 6,711 Des Moines (63 years) 341 810 1,209 1,364 1,148 868 450 43 341 1,151 2,360 3,724 4,872 5,740 6,190 6,233 Davenport (70 years) 341 780 1,147 1,333 1,120 868 450 124 341 1,121 2,268 3,601 4,721 5,589 6,039 6,163 40 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1941 Table 16. — Continued Iowa (concluded), Nebraska, and Indiana Month Keokuk, Iowa (70 years) Omaha, Neb. (69 years) Terre Haute, Ind. (49 years) Vincennes, Ind. (48 years) M C M C M C M C September October November December January February March April 279 279 720 999 1,085 2,084 1,240 3,324 1,008 4,332 806 5,138 390 5,528 62 5,590 310 310 780 1,090 1,147 2,237 1,333 3,570 1,092 4,662 837 5,499 420 5,919 93 6,012 248 248 630 878 992 1,870 1,085 2,955 924 3,879 682 4,561 330 4,891 31 4,922 217 217 600 817 930 1,747 1,023 2,770 896 3,666 651 4,317 300 4,617 May . . Minnesota August . . . September October , . November December . January. . February. March . . . April May June Bemidji (23 years) 270 620 1,140 1,612 1,891 1,596 1,333 750 341 60 270 890 2,030 3,642 5,533 7,129 8,462 9,212 9,553 9,613 Duluth (71 years) 31 270 620 ,080 ,519 ,705 ,456 ,271 810 527 217 31 301 921 2,001 3,520 5,225 6,681 7,952 8,762 9,289 9,506 International Falls (24 years) 62 300 713 1,230 ,705 ,922 ,596 ,395 780 434 93 62 362 1,075 2,305 4,010 5,932 7,528 8,923 9,703 10,137 10,230 Minneapolis (51 years) 90 465 960 1,395 1,612 1,372 1,085 570 217 90 555 1,515 2,910 4,522 5,894 6,979 7,549 7,766 Minnesota (concluded), and Wisconsin August . . September October . . November December January. . February . March. . . April May June Rochester, Minn. (31 years) 120 527 960 ,395 ,705 ,372 ,116 600 248 120 647 1,607 3,002 4,707 6,079 7,195 7,795 8,043 Virginia, Minn. (48 years) 31 300 682 1,170 1,643 1,829 1,540 1,302 780 403 90 31 331 1,013 2,183 3,826 5,655 7,195 8,497 9,277 9,680 9,770 Eau Claire, Wis. (51 years) 120 496 960 1,426 1,581 1,372 1,085 570 217 120 616 ,576 ,002 ,583 ,955 ,040 ,610 ,827 Green Bay, Wis. (55 years) 120 496 900 ,302 ,519 ,316 ,116 660 310 120 616 1,516 2,818 4,337 5,653 6,769 7,429 7,739 DEGREE-DAYS 41 Table 16. — Concluded Wisconsin (concluded) La Crosse (69 years) Madison (73 years) Milwaukee (71 years) Stevens Point (49 years) M C M C M C M C September October November December January February March . '. April 90 90 465 555 900 1,455 1,302 2,757 1,519 4,276 1,260 5,536 1,023 6,559 510 7,069 186 7,255 90 90 465 555 900 1,455 1,302 2,757 1,488 4,245 1,260 5,505 1,054 6,559 570 7,129 210 7,339 60 60 434 494 840 1,334 1,209 2,543 1,364 3,907 1,176 5,083 1,023 6,106 630 6,736 341 7,077 30 7 , 107 120 120 496 616 930 1,546 1,395 2,941 1,550 4,491 1,372 5,863 1,085 6,948 600 7,548 May June 248 7,796 Table 17 shows degree-days for 47 cities and towns of Illinois, in which those for the heating season of 1941-42 are compared with the normal average over the entire period during which records have been kept. This table indicates that the heating season of 1941-42 was milder than the normal average by differences which vary from 200 to 1100 degree-days. 42 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1941 Table 17. — Degree-days for 47 Illinois Cities During 1941-42, by Months, Compa red WITH Normal Average over the Period During Which Records Have Been Kept^ M=Monthly, 1941-42 A=Normal Average (see table 16) Month Aurora Bloomington Cairo Carbondale M A M A M A M A September October November December , anuary February March April 30 341 403 720 810 961 1,178 1,271 1,333 1,120 1,120 775 930 330 510 155 186 248 310 630 720 868 . 1,085 1,178 1,209 1,092 1,316 682 806 270 300 93 62 155 510 510 682 806 961 899 784 756 465 527 120 210 31 155 540 540 744 868 1,023 930 840 784 527 558 180 240 May Total 5,673 6,500 5,061 5,808 3,522 3,863 3,885 4,075 Carlinville Charleston Chicago Danville October November December January February March April 124 248 600 630 806 992 1,085 1,116 952 924 589 682 210 330 30 31 155 279 600 660 837 992 1,085 1,116 980 952 589 713 210 360 60 93 248 341 660 750 899 1,116 1,209 1,271 1,064 1,064 775 899 330 540 186 248 217 279 630 690 868 1,054 1,147 1.147 1,036 98X) 651 744 270 390 May 62 62 Total 4,396 4,953 4,516 5,165 5,371 6,229 4,881 5,346 Decatur Dixon Effingham Flora October November December January February March April May 186 279 600 690 837 1,054 1,116 1,178 1,008 1,008 620 744 240 360 62 62 310 403 690 810 930 1,209 1,302 1,364 1,148 1,148 744 899 300 480 124 155 155 248 630 660 868 992 1,116 1,085 980 924 651 682 270 330 93 31 93 248 570 630 775 961 1,054 1,054 924 896 558 651 210 300 31 Total 4,669 5,375 5,548 6,468 4,763 4,952 4,184 4,771 Freeport Galva Greenville Harrisburg September October November December January February March April May 60 341 434 720 840 1,023 1,240 1,395 1,426 1,176 1,176 806 961 360 510 186 186 248 341 660 780 930 1,178 1,271 1,302 1,120 1,120 744 837 300 450 124 124 93 248 600 660 806 992 1,054 1,085 924 924 589 682 180 300 31 155 510 510 682 837 992 930 868 784 465 527 150 240 Total 6,007 6,833 5,397 6,132 4,246 4,922 3,667 3,983 « Compiled from U. S. Dept. Commerce, Weather Bur., "Climatological Data. DEGREE-DAYS 43 Table 17. — Continued Month Havana Hoopeston Jacksonville Joliet M A M A M A M A October November December January i^ebruarv March.; April May 217 270 660 690 899 1.054 1,178 1.178 1,036 1,008 682 744 240 360 62 155 248 341 660 690 868 1,085 1,178 1,178 1,092 1,008 713 775 270 420 62 93 155 279 630 660 837 1,054 1,116 1,147 1,008 980 620 744 210 360 62 62 310 372 690 750 930 1,036 1,240 1,271 1,120 1,120 775 868 330 480 124 155 Total 4,974 5,459 5,091 5,590 4,638 5,286 5,519 6,052 Kankakee LaHarpe Lincoln McLeansboro October November December January February March.; April May 248 341 660 720 899 1,116 1,178 1.240 1,064 1,008 713 806 300 480 93 155 217 310 660 720 868 1,116 1,209 1,209 1,064 1,064 682 806 270 420 93 93 217 310 630 690 837 1,054 1,147 1,178 1,036 1,008 651 775 240 390 62 62 31 186 570 570 806 899 1,023 1,023 868 840 496 620 180 270 Total 5,155 5,866 5,063 5,738 4,820 5,467 3,974 4,408 Marengo Mascoutah Minonk Monmouth September October November December January February March . ; April May 90 372 465 720 870 992 1,271 1,364 1,426 1,204 1,204 837 1,023 360 570 217 210 62 217 540 630 744 930 992 1,023 840 868 496 620 210 300 279 341 660 750 930 1 , 147 1,240 1,271 1,120 1.092 744 837 300 450 124 93 248 341 660 750 899 1 , 147 1,240 1,302 1,092 1,092 713 806 270 420 124 31 Total 6,066 7,129 3,884 4,588 5,397 5,981 5,246 5,889 Mount Carmel Mount Carroll Mount Vernon New Burnside September October November December January February March April May 62 186 540 600 713 930 1,023 992 868 868 496 589 150 300 60 341 434 720 840 992 1 , 240 1,364 1,364 1,148 1.176 775 930 330 510 186 186 62 217 600 600 775 930 1.054 1.023 896 868 496 620 150 300 31 155 540 540 713 868 1,023 930 868 756 527 558 180 270 Total 3,852 4,465 5,856 6,740 4,033 4,558 3,882 4,077 44 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1941 Table 17. — Concluded Palestine Pana Paris Peor a Month M A M A M A M A October 124 240 124 279 155 279 217 372 November 600 651 600 660 600 690 660 780 December 806 961 837 1,023 837 1,054 868 1,116 January 1,085 1,085 1,085 1,147 1,116 1,147 1,209 1,271 February 952 896 980 952 1,008 980 1,064 1,036 March 589 682 589 713 620 775 713 806 April 210 330 31 240 360 31 62 210 390 62 270 93 420 May 93 Total 4,366 4,876 4,486 5,196 4,546 5,377 5,094 5,894 Pontiac Quincy Rockford Rushville September 30 October 217 310 186 217 310 403 217 279 November 630 690 630 630 690 810 660 720 December 868 1,085 837 992 961 1,209 868 1,054 January 1,147 1,209 1,116 1,147 1,333 1,364 1,178 1,178 February 1,064 1,036 980 924 1,148 1,176 1,036 1,008 March 682 806 620 713 775 930 713 744 April 240 420 62 93 210 330 62 300 510 155 186 270 93 360 May 62 Total 4,910 5,649 4,641 4,953 5,672 6,618 5,035 5,405 Sparta Springfield Sycamore Urbana September 60 30 October 31 186 186 279 372 434 186 310 November 540 570 690 690 720 840 630 720 December 744 899 868 1 ,023 992 1 , 209 868 1,085 January February 992 992 1,116 1,147 1,333 1,364 1,147 1,178 840 840 1,036 980 1,176 1,176 1,064 1,008 March 465 589 651 744 806 961 682 775 April 150 270 210 360 360 540 270 450 May 31 62 155 217 93 124 Total 3,762 4,346 4,788 5,285 5,914 6,801 4,940 5,680 Walnut Waukegan White Hall September 30 October 279 341 341 403 124 279 November 690 780 660 780 630 660 December 930 1,178 961 1,147 806 1,023 January 1,271 1,302 1,302 1,302 1,085 1,147 February 1,120 1,120 1,120 1,092 952 924 March 744 868 837 961 620 713 April 270 450 124 90 420 600 217 279 210 330 31 31 May Total 5,428 6,129 5,858 6,594 4,458 5,107 FUEL BRIQUETS 45 Fuel Briquets and Packaged Fuel Production of fuel briquets, to utilize coal screenings in domestic and other fuel markets, is steadily increasing in importance. Table 18 gives the shipments of fuel briquets of domestic manufacture into the Illinois coal market area for 1940 and 1941. This shows that the use of such briquets in Illinois during 1941 amounted to 50,398 tons, which was an increase of 58 per cent over 1940. In Illinois the production of fuel briquets is increasing, due especially to their manufacture from deduster dust, which is a byproduct obtained in the preparation of stoker fuel from Southern Illinois coal. It is impossible to publish data on this without revealing operations of individual concerns. Research in briquetting Illinois coals has been carried on for several years by the Illinois Geological Survey. This is now proceeding with the use of a commercial-size press specially designed for the manufacture of briquets without the use of added material for a binder. Production of packaged fuel in Illinois also increased in 1941. This material differs from fuel briquets in that the blocks are not so firmly compressed and are wrapped to withstand weathering and breakage in shipment. Table 19 gives the production of packaged fuel in Illinois for the past four years. That for 1941 was valued at $95,431, which was 2.6 times the value for 1940. Table 18. — Shipments of Fuel Briquets of Domestic Manufacture into the Illinois Coal Market Area, 1940-41^ (In net tons) Destination 1940 1941 Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota South Dakota 31,895 25,946 25,509 5,145 5,635 217,068 16,738 25,371 66,114 60,723 230,840 50,398 45,934 31,608 4,957 5,734 244,767 82,954 23,992 80,136 64,026 Wisconsin 220,939 Total 710,984 855,445 a U. S. Dept. Int., Bituminous Coal Div. Report Supplement, No. WACR 256. Weekly Coal Table 19. — Production and Value of Packaged Fuel IN Illinois, 1938-1941 » Production No Year Tons Value Average Plants 1938 1939 1940 1941 4,133 3,998 3,813 8,924 $42,555 40,487 36,531 95,431 $10.30 10.10 9.60 10.60 5 5 6 6 ' U. S. Bur. Mines, Minerals Yearbooks. U. S. Dept. Int., Bituminous Coal Div. Report Supplement, No. WACR 256. Weekly Coal 46 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1941 (L» > mt'^t °1 ® R ^3^ 3 O < CJ < ^ — ^ B S -e lO rg ON On O LO 1— 1 ■^ 00 00 ^ rsi 10 On <; rg t^ 00 "* ro ^ NO ^ XI ^ Xi > CO • ^ m^ O --HO O O rsi O rv) lo t^ O vO ro LO LO ro ^ £ CO ^^ ^^ '*" < i^« fO CO V) '^ O t^ O r-H-Q T^J^"^ On S IT rsi'rt iz; o ^^ *" o-;^ o ^ -^71 u, ^ bC w > > ^R^l, '='% ^t "^s 3 O fc o < ^ 3, w '"> 00 r^ LO 00 ro _i O p — 1 t^ OO t^ Os ^ 10 0\ < fN LO 1^ ^ fO On_^ NOON > 00*^ ^ to no" ON NO LO ^ ^ 5: ^ c 3 O LO rO fO lO CO ^ lo O OO --H fN O fN ""^ ?^I O -—I £ fO ON ro 00 ^ < NO rO rvl bO OS ,— s ,— ^ ^--. ^_^ c/3 > O lOOt^O -H^ lort fo^ 1? 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On ON 1^ CN CN 00 ro lO t~* o CO CO On CO T-H TfH r^i CO O' ^fO t^ CN CN ■^ CN 4_, c O 8 1^ ©i u> ^ >-H >-) OS oi >. lO O 0\ ON Tfi ro NO ,_, ,_, ?2:§8 •^ NO 00 T-H lO t^ O fO CN \0 -^ to 00 00 •^ CM rvi -^ NO ■Z3 J>-_^__-H^-^__'-H^O o 00 00 '^^i'* !>. \0 t^ t^ o^ lO ^+1 NO On O ■^ fN CO CO oCr^'^' to l-H NO to ■^ 5- Ol CN NO ro tOt^ 00 CM rv) t^ rs o rsi CO •^ CO NO CN rvj ■^ CN j_> s o ^ ^ ^ in 0^ Ui tn >-H ^ £^ Ov >-> OO ro CO 1^ fO lO ON ■^ ■^ CO CO t^ CO oS^ 00 roOOfO -H O On to to Tt^^O X^ ■*2 rv) Tf r^ NO ON O 00 ro fO CN to T-H 00 rf On Tt 00 c T— 1 IT) O 1^ 0\ '— 1 to Tf ■^ 00 rsi § T-H lO ■^ 00 3 CN ro NO CO lO nO NO (>) (>) NO CNl CN CN a T-iro C o S tn ■ ©J <_ tn ^ •>-H 00 oi ^ O 00 Tt On Tf CO oo 0\ On O r^ t^ ~< >-< C^ ►^ •ri< CO '— 1 T^ On nO t^ ,_, 1 T-H Ol CO to to o NO '—I u' NO 00 NO to CO T-H rv CN ^O ■^ OONO t^ ■*:; i^ 00 r^ 00 00 NO r^ to to o^^ t~» NO^OO^^T^ to c rt ■r^ 00 o 00 00 to 'f 00 00 ^'^'^. . NO ^'uOON no' 'T ■rH r^) 1-- CO rsi On CO CO NO T-H t-. 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C 3" ^ 1- h % ^ ^ ^ ^ fS PETROLEUM 51 00 "^ ro o ■^ CO vO rf vO ■.-H vo t^ - O '-H 'rj< rvi 00 O 00 On 00 rrj O lO lO lO '-I 00 lO I ^ On -rfi -^ On 00 On r^ 00 to ro ■<* 00 Tti lO o ON 00 lO 00 t^ '!*l •^ t:^ 00 to CN fO t^ 00 1^ r^i fo Tti rq ■* 00 NO 00 0\ t^ NO -^ O NO 00 > Jh V, IsJl ^ Q U C — : 0; 2 w rt .S>o 54-1 ^ o o 52 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1941 O 700 300 / ^ \ yy^TfKV / UNITED STATES / \ / MIDCONTir JENT .^^-^ ~>^CALIF "ORNIA _-,-* — ••••■■" gulf" COAST CENTRAL ^.^'iLL NOIS ^ /' RO CKY MOUNTAIN ]-. ■ -- — ♦-—■ — ■ — ^~ 'ZI*— — — '^ 1 EASTERN Table 24. — Prices of Illinois Crude Oil IN 1941* (Per barrel at wells) 1941 Old fields Central basin, Salem and Griffin areas April 1st April 28th May 21st December 31st. . . $1.05 1.12 1.22 1.22 $1.20 1.27 1.37 1.37 Illinois Geol. Survey, Illinois Petroleum No. 41, Sept. 12, 1942. Table 25. — Average Value of Crude Oil IN Illinois, 1936-1941 » (Per barrel at wells) 1936 $1.20 1937 1.33 1938 1.25 1939 1.07 1940 1.09 1941 1.30*' I'. S. Bur. Mines, Minerals Yearbooks. ' Illinois Geol. Survey, Illinois Petroleum Xo. 41, Sept. 12. 1942. Fig. 6. — Crude oil production in the United States by districts and in Illinois, 1936-41. PETROLEUM 53 Table 26. — Supply of Oils from all Sources in the United States, 1939, 1940 and 1941'* (In thousands of barrels) 1939 1940 1941 Domestic production: Crude petroleum Natural gasoline Benzol Imports: Crude petroleum for domestic use Refined products for domestic use 1,264,962 51,650 2,498 28,447 7,298 1,353,214 55,700 3,167 42,662 41,089 1,404,182 64,204 3.469 36,334b 30,697b Gross total, new supply Less exports of: Crude petroleum 1,354,855 72,076 116,883 1,495,832 51,496 78,970 1,538,886 25,619b Refined products 49,618b Net new domestic supply 1,165,896 1,365,366 1,463,649° a U. S. Bur. Mines, Monthly Petroleum Statements. ^ Figures for Jan. -Sept., 1941 only. Subsequent publication suspended, due to war censor- ship. c Exclusive of import and export figures for October, November, and December, 1941, which are not available. Table 27. — Stocks of Crude Oil and Refined Products in the United States, in Illinois, and in the Central Refining District, by Months, 1941* (In thousands of barrels) 1941 Total crude stocks U.S. Illinois Stocks of refined products Central refining di; Gasoline Distillate fuel oilb Residual fuel oil'' United States Gasoline January. . February . March . . . . April May June July August. . . September October. . . November December . 263 264 266 266 262 259 255 249 246 243 243 246 ,251 ,432 ,380 ,012 ,111 ,075 ,378 ,620 ,111 ,735 ,679 ,884 14,266 14,557 14,221 14,475 13,606 13,402 14,066 14,356 13,068 13,019 12,198 12,748 18,007 19,923 20,782 19,368 17,846 17,786 16,669 15,424 15,430 15,996 16,793 18,327 3,542 2,801 2,397 2,531 3,079 3,774 4,762 5,520 6,058 6,178 5,847 5,552 2,827 2,939 2,801 3,068 3,460 3,568 740 158 468 643 465 152 90,366 95,646 98.922 95,931 92,968 89,842 84,701 80,377 79,963 82,303 87,278 94,098 a U. S. Bur. Mines, Monthly Petroleum Statements. " Includes refinery and bulk stocks. 54 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1941 Natural and Manufactured Gas Large quantities of natural gas are produced from the oil fields of Illinois, but equipment for collecting and transporting this gas requires heavy investment and is not yet available in many localities. Part of the gas is treated to produce natural gasoline and liquefied gases, and part is used to repressure oil wells to increase their production. The production and value of natural gas which is marketed as such, and that used at wells, for pumping, lighting, heating, and treating oil, is shown in table 22. Natural gas from other states in the Central district and from the Midconti- nent district is available in some parts of Illinois through pipelines. Consump- tion of natural gas in Illinois from these various sources is shown in table 28, the larger portion coming from Texas and Louisiana. Table 28. — Consumption of Natural Gas in Illinois, with Sources, 1935-1940^ (In millions of cubic feet) Year Illinois Indiana Kentucky Louisi- ana Kansas Missouri Okla- homa Texas Total 1935 1,445 34 110 13,574 2,107 163 39,886 57,319 1936 862 95 89 17,214 2,385 53 18 51,800 72,516 1937 1,040 13 185 17,367 2,973 34 81 56,957 78,650 1938 1,068 42 135 15,168 2.176 140 89 47,682 66.500 1939 1,816 5 17,413 2,455 40 80 55,325 77,134 1940 7,530 7 17,917 2,855 18 66 59,695 88,088 « V. S. lUiieau of Mines, Alincrals Yearbooks. Table 29. — Gas Sales to Ultimate Consumers IN Illinois, by Principal Uses, 1937-1941 »• •' (In thousands of therms) 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 Residential sales, exclusive of space heating Residential space heating Industrial-interruptible sales Commercial, industrial — noninter- ruptible, and other sales 171,318 85,458 383,463 130,092 172,517 79,098 323,439 124,722 170,541 88,901 383,406 132,289 176,266 107,312 377,970 148,441 176,357 105,521 378,658 172,812 Total 770,331 699,776 775,137 809,989 833,348 ^ Illinois C\)mmerce Commission, Rates and Research Section, Monthly Summaries of Gas Sales in Illinois, 1941, and Research Bulletins. '• fnchides manufactured gas. Before natural gas was available in Illinois, the larger communities were supplied by utility companies with manufactured gas, such as coal gas, coke-oven gas, and water gas. When natural gas was first piped into Illinois, some of the utility companies began furnishing a combination of natural and manufactured gas. With increased volume of natural gas available and dependability of supply demonstrated, many utilities are now supplying all natural gas. Gas is sold on the basis of fuel value, which is stated in therms. A therm is equal to 100,000 British thermal units, so one ton of coal having an average heat value of 12,500 Btu per pound is equivalent in fuel value to 250 therms of gas. Heat value of gas available in Illinois ranges from 480 Btu per cu. ft. for manufactured gas to as high as 1030 Btu for natural gas. LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES 55 Gas sales to ultimate consumers in Illinois, showing principal uses by years from 1937 to 1941, inclusive, are shown in table 29. Sales by months during 1941 are shown in table 30. Seasonal variation in demand for residential space heating has been largely offset by increased demand for industrial-interruptible and other kinds of service, giving a reasonably uniform load throughout the year. Table 30. — Gas Sales to Ultimate Consumers in Illinois, BV Uses and by Months, in 1941*- ^ (In thousands of therms) Month Residential sales, exclu- sive of space heating j ! Commercial, Residential Industrial industrial space interrupti- noninter- heating ble sales ruptible, 1 and other sales Total January XS.iiS 16,559 ' 27.860 1 12.457 72.712 February March 14.443 I 17,467 14,513 I 17,194 14,511 ' 12,187 15,310 > 5.696 15.446 3,183 14.070 1.778 25,560 28,955 30,403 34,333 34,503 37,161 31,605 32,090 30,648 29,705 12.606 70,076 12.924 73,586 April 17,092 74.193 Mav 15,455 15.285 14,521 14.383 15.250 16,612 12,593 13,634 70,794 June 68,416 July 67,531 August September October November December 13,005 14,259 15.300 15.054 15,111 1,378 1,601 3,872 10,245 14,361 64,601 62,715 67.873 68,540 72,811 Total 176,357 105,521 378,658 172,812 833,348 a "Montlily Summary of Gas Sale.s in Illinois," Illinois Commerce Commission, 1J«41. '' Includes manufactured gas. Natural Gasoline and Liquefied Petroleum Gases Production of natural gasoline in Illinois has made tremendous increases during the past two years, due to the large volume of natural gas available for processing and to increase in number and capacity of plants. The production and value for the past three vears is shown in table 22. The volume of produc- tion for 1941 was 93,165,000 gallons, valued at $3,747,000. This was an increase in value of 3^ times that for 1940 and 16^3 times that for 1939. Production of liquefied petroleum gases, butane and propane, as shown in table 22, is now carried on at plants in the Louden and Salem fields. T heir use as fuel for internal-combustion engines, as well as for chemical, domestic, and industrial fuel uses, is steadily increasing their importance. From butane is derived butadiene, the basic raw material for the production of Buna svnthetic rubber (U. S. Bur. Mines, Minerals Yearbook 1940, p. 979). 56 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1941 ^ ^ x^ Tf r . > CS fO ■^ 1 "^ OOt^OONONt^fTS^'^ H On ON 00 r^ i-i ■^ —1 T r m OO-^OOoqrsiroT-H lo lo Ho ^ 3 CT < m^ 1 l^ll O lO f ■3 "* r^iT— lOOOrfiNOfNiOCN ■^11'- H m 4_p ■-H Tj< V£ 5 oa 00 NO t- t^ t^ r^ ro 00 II ^ NO rt lO fN t; h o) rsl On Tti r^ 00 00 00 t^ rf 00 ^ Ol 00 H no" CN ; ^" oC ^" ^= l^ll PC vO u" :> Tt^ iOOsrO'-iO\OOOiO <>J NOIl'- H to OO t^ 1/ ■5 --H f0rvl0NN000^i-»OO 04 rolloo ir^ -^ vor* 5 10 fOfONO-^ONr^ir^r^ivo no '- -1 Tf NO c o lO'-H t^ fN oCNo'^'rOfTJ^No'iONO 1 00 1 N<: 3 T* ^ ITifvJLOONNOfONO OnIOnIOIJIO lO , t^ 'O '-I On uo H fN NO LO p - - i^ rs fN 1 es 11 O -H H T- H ^— 1 ^ T-I 00 ^C 5 1^ NO On 00 q lO 00 T-K c h T- -1 r ^ O ro >, > ON lO 0( > 0( 3 « 3 OO Os t-i to T-H r- J rv) OOod'-Jrt^c^Jro,- ^ C 3 C 3 d O OS D a' < 4/^ ^ 1= t^ IT) O \ 1— 1 rONOOOLOi-«r^jT^T^ H o< 3 O N NO CO 4_j LO O rv 4 ON Oi'^^OO'— iiOfO'— 1'- H 0( 3 t- O t-~ rt =^.n^ roONOr^LONO'OOO'- H O J -^ h >0 On CJ "rt •<* fO 'i 1 r^i On'*'*'— ir^JONOO'— ii^ ^■~ ^ h' nO^ '*" 3 T-i ro 10 rNroi/orei^rr>NO'-Hir ) C N 1/ 3 to 0\ o rt O Oi oi ro On "O '—1 »- 3 r> NO O ON > H ■rt< ■^ t^ r- r no" "th" 4^ €^ 1= OOC I g OOOOnOOOOC •> a N O N to -"^ ro nC 3 J:^ On lO ON Tl ■1 On ro LO (^1 lO PO l^ ON 00 O I "^ hi f 3 »- ■I »-H 75 r^ O »- H T+l OONNO'^t^OOONfO'- nO lO NO 00 NO »D I/- 1 f^ J r- On 00 5 rs rv) ) < 3 0< 3 O 1^ L NO ro fO <>1 lO -r- ^ ^ \' -^ r lO CN a C o N 00 T-I ^ vO 00 r^ J fN •^t^Ot^t^ojioOOC ) — H rv 4 0\ On r- >> 1^ lU > T-nrrji- r^i ONOONOOONl^NO'^r< 5 O N O N t^ r-( oo i-i ^ ^ NC > 1— 1 OOOOOfOfNco^ ^ c > c 3 d -H q 3 O" < <^ €< 1^ ^ On Tf j^ t^ ^t^OnOOi^-^On-^ i^-^OnOoOiOoioOnC i oc ) lO ro 00 •u On r^ 5 O 1 00 Tt^ ON rt On oo rv OOOOOtoiOrt^^r^ I/- > NC ^ Tt (U "rt '-H fVJ CN t-. ON-H^rt^ON'— it-^ON 00 oo 1—1 3 ON r- OnOOI^'— ifNC^lt-^O oc ' c \ NO CN T— 1 ON rt ,o rN ^ ^ ^ CS fO ■"^ ) T^ CN ^— ( g > H ^ ITi i-H t^ r>- rtH CO O ^ > &^ 8^^ g OOOi»OOOOC fv r^ c Ol o i^rviOLDON^NOOOvC c C (V. 00 to -r^qoc rO -+ rv) ^ 00 i^ >+ O lO f*- o o oc rn fN 2 Tf r^ .^ 00' lO ON lO ro t^ I^ ■^ rO t^ O r<- to ro NO NO xO ro _ 1/-; ^H ^H rvj vC nC u- ,—1 nO 3 ON oi .^ -t rO <>r NC j^ ^ h ■H .. .. lO -th"^ oc OC l/- fN l^ R 3 1' ft > h 1" s "" b < "1 '£ ^ < 6 6 C £ > S s d 'O Cj 4) 1 f.c no; s^ Sh ^ 0) ^> o be 'S c c-- oj . ,0 O c3 w cfi m W"*^ w M 0) axM d rt '(S'O o >>33^ <^,™ e c c> n J3 u Q 01 LIMESTONE AND DOLOMITE 57 LIMESTONE AND DOLOMITE The production of limestone and dolomite in Illinois increased greatly during 1941. Table 31 gives the quantity and value (at quarries) of the lime- stone and dolomite sold or used by Illinois producers in 1939, 1940, and 1941, excluding that used for the manufacture of cement and lime which is considered in the section of this report dealing with those industries. The production of limestone and dolomite for 1941 amounted to more than 12,200,000 tons and was valued at more than $11,100,000. This establishes an all-time record, as shown on figure 7, and represents an increase of 28 per cent in tonnage and 43 per cent in value over 1940, and an increase of 73 per cent in tonnage and 82 per cent in value over the 20-year average for the period 1920 to 1939, inclusive. Illinois now ranks third among all states in the value of stone sold or used by producers, being surpassed only by Pennsylvania and Ohio. Dimension stone production in Illinois in 1941 declined from that of the previous year due to curtailment of private and public use in construction because of defense and war preparations. Crushed, broken and pulverized stone production increased sharply. The value of stone for concrete and paving was 62 per cent more than that for 1940, agricultural limestone increased 44 per cent, and railroad ballast 65 per cent. These large increases in production were caused by a greatly enlarged demand from government, industry, railroads, and agriculture, and resulted from defense preparations and the need for high agricultural production. Connnercial and government-and-contractor operations. — About 1,500,000 tons of Illinois 1941 stone production came from government-and-contractor (formerly designated as "noncommercial") operations: The State of Illinois, counties, townships, municipalities, and the Work Projects Administration, pro- duced either by themselves or by contractors expressly for their consumption. Purchases by government agencies from commercial producers are included in commercial operations. The government-and-contractor operations in 1941 were 13 per cent of the total tonnage produced. Agricultural limestone. — A new record was established in Illinois in 1941 for agricultural limestone used. Over three million tons were used throughout the State, every county participating. This is evidence of the growing recognition of the importance of preserving and increasing the fertility of the soils, and it is to be expected that this point of view will be emphasized even more by agri- culturalists, especially during the present war when greater quantities of food- stuffs must be raised. This use of limestone to build up the soils of Illinois to new capacities of productiveness has been aided by various State and Federal agencies and farm organizations. It has been especially promoted by the conservation program of the Agricultural Adjustment Administration of the U. S. Department of Agri- culture. Through this program farmers are enabled to use part of the allowance they receive for participation in its cooperative planning to secure limestone and other soil-building material to improve their land. They are encouraged to do this not only in the spring but throughout the year, and are given expert advice in the scientific application of this material to secure the maximum benefits from its use. The widespread use of agricultural limestone on the farms of Illinois is further aided by the high-quality deposits of limestone suitable for this use within the State and adjacent to the State. The agricultural limestone resources of Illinois have been studied over a period of years by the State Geological Survey, and the information obtained has been utilized in developing additional quarries in areas where needed. 58 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1941 During 1941, agricultural limestone was produced in 50 of the 102 counties of the State. Of the total amount used during the year, 97 per cent was pro- duced in Illinois. Increase in the use of agricultural limestone during 1941 was especially pronounced in the southern counties of the State, where formerly its use has been less extensive. Increased use in the central part of the State, where the proportion of tenant-operated farms is largest, is due to provisions in the soil conservation program for division of benefits among owners and tenants. LiJino ■"^ I75 i;i.^_____. 2p_YR AV. J, 7*'*—'- — "'v"'*- AVE RAG : VALUE PER TON < 50 cr U 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 >20 1925 1930 1935 1940 Fig. 7. — Annual production of limestone and dolomite in Illinois, 1920-1941. Linisetone in the soil conservation program. — Among the fundamental pur- poses of the agricultural conservation program for 1942, the first is "to save the soil and its fertility, and to increase the production of the commodities needed for national defense."^ The program, according to the published instructions, 1 1942 Agricultural Conservation Program for the North Central Region, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agricultural Adjustment Administration, NCR 601. LIMESTONE AND DOLOMITE 59 provides for payments to farmers to help them pay at least part of the cost of carrying out these purposes hy diverting acreage from soil-depleting crops and by adopting soil-building practices. The program provides that a soil-building allowance for carrying out approved soil-building practices will be paid at the rate of: "(a) 70 cents per acre of cropland in the farm in excess of the special crop acreages for which payments are computed ; "(b) $2.00 per acre of commercial orchards on the farm; "(c) a county flat rate per acre of noncrop open pastureland in tlic farm, plus 90 cents for each animal unit of grazing capacity; "(d) $1.00 for each acre of commercial vegetables normally grown on the farm. "Application of ground limestone and other approved fertilizer materials to old stands or to new seedings of biennial or perennial legumes, perennial grasses, etc., will qualify as soil-building practice. "The ground limestone must contain calcium and magnesium carbonates equivalent to not less than 80 per cent of calcium carbonate. It must not be coarser than that obtained by grinding calcareous or dolomitic limestone, with all finer particles obtained in the grinding process included, so that ( 1 ) not less than 90 per cent will pass through an 8-mesh sieve; or (2) not less than 80 per cent will pass through an 8-mesh sieve and the multiplication of the per- centage of calcium carbonate (equivalent) times the percentage of ground lime- stone that will pass through an 8-mesh sieve equals not less than 0.7200. "The application of one ton of ground limestone in the following counties, $2.00 per ton: Knox Stark Peoria Fulton Schuyler Brown Cass Mason Menard Sangamon Scott Morgan Macon Clinton Greene Marion Macoupin Clav Montgomery Richland Christian Lawrence Shelby Washington Mouhrie Jefferson Bond Wayne Fayette Edwards Effingham Wabash Jasper Perry Crawford Franklin Hamilton White Jackson WilHamson Saline Gallatin Union Johnson Pope-Hardin Alexander-Pulaski Massac "The application of one ton of ground limestone in all other counties, $1.50 per ton." Table 32 gives the use of agricultural limestone in Illinois by counties in 1941, showing also what portion of the tonnage used was produced in Illinois and what in other states, the arable land in each county, and the average number of pounds of limestone used per acre of arable land. These data are from reports of producers, supplemented by information from farm advisers. Corresponding figures are given for 1940 for total amounts used and pounds per acre. Table 33 gives the total amount of agricultural limestone produced in other states which was used in Illinois, and its proportion to the total used in Illinois, for the past seven years. Table 34 gives the total amount of agricultural limestone produced in Illinois which was marketed in other states for the past seven years. Table 35 summarizes the disposition and value of agricultural limestone produced in Illinois for 1939, 1940, and 1941. The map, figure 8, shows Illinois counties and their average consumption of agricultural limestone per acre of arable land in 1941. 60 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1941 AVERAGE IN POUNDS PER ACRE V/ y/A ^^ ^g 100-199 200-299 300-399 400-499 500 AND OVER Fig. 8. — Agricultural limestone used in 1941, showing county averages in pounds per acre of arable land. AGRICULTURAL LIMESTONE 61 Table ?>1. — Agricultural Limestone Used in Illinois, BY Counties, 1940-1941* Countv Tons used in 1941 Produced in Illinois Produced in other states Total Tons used in 1940 Acres of arable land (1939 census) Pounds used per acre'' 1940 1941 Adams Alexander. . Bond Boone Brown Bureau .... Calhoun . . . Carroll Cass Champaign Christian. . . Clark Clay Clinton. . . . Coles Cook Crawford . . Cumberland DeKalb. . DeWitt . .. Douglas. . . . DuPage. . . . Edgar Edwards. . . Effingham. Fayette. . . . Ford Franklin. . . Fulton Gallatin. . . . Greene Grundy .... Hamilton . . Hancock. . . Hardin .... Henderson . Henry Iroquois . . . Jackson. . . . Jasper Jefferson . . . Jersey .... JoDaviess Johnson . . . Kane 31.841 6,096 25,458 12,300 13.564 25,827 17.500 33,750 12,000 35,124 44,184 39,629 26,563 28,238 24,788 10,000 35,980 24,334 25,700 18,449 12,822 21,486 23,757 28,614 31,826 22,366 23,589 22,565 20,087 12,000 46,432 13,117 10,225 34,778 7,000 34,242 39,500 34,864 17,553 37,705 26,221 30,142 24,495 23,864 21,084 225 2,913 62 1,142 3,940 106 50 2,259 249 7,194 14,661 2,832 52 105 31,841 6,321 25,458 12,300 13,564 25.827 17.500 33,750 12,000 35,124 44,184 39,629 26,563 28,245 24,788 10,000 38,893 24,334 25,700 18,449 12,884 21,486 24,899 28,614 35,766 22,472 23,589 22,615 22,346 12,000 46,432 13,117 10,225 35,027 7,000 34,242 46,694 49,525 20,385 37,757 26,326 30,142 24,495 23,864 21,084 30,335 2,345 20.123 12,268 11,253 25,744 13,473 33.588 10,000 33,312 35,986 37,390 26,749 28,141 21,256 9,650 19,057 24.013 26,402 13,606 12,937 7,668 17,853 16,210 34,848 21,679 21,774 14,547 18,802 6,236 25,000 14,161 12.493 31,296 10,618 20,460 30,000 45,000 22,501 34,192 32,043 20,520 26.420 20,046 17,248 252,446 49,866 122,224 115,849 71,549 352,777 62,607 151,498 137,405 487,052 317,469 147,721 147,932 184,463 204,186 174,178 129,019 111,117 300,180 178,758 203,651 98,841 255,054 79,811 153,841 207,106 235,032 101,537 267.772 102,638 164,814 193,637 126,415 265,043 21,367 127,291 327,034 536,438 147,931 174,186 146,453 104,793 144.530 59,742 210,186 236 96 304 210 288 142 390 438 140 130 212 492 350 290 198 112 306 400 172 148 124 144 130 380 426 196 176 254 130 118 278 140 180 220 726 314 179 162 282 386 214 354 360 550 154 252 254 416 212 378 147 560 446 170 144 278 536 360 306 244 114 604 436 172 206 126 434 196 716 464 216 200 446 166 234 562 136 162 264 656 536 286 186 276 432 360 572 338 800 200 62 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1941 Table 32. — (Continued) Tons used in 1941 County Produced in Illinois Produced in other states Total Tons used in 1940 Acres of arable land (1939 census) Pounds used per acre*^ 1940 1941 Kankakee. . . Kendall Knox Lake LaSalle Lawrence . . . Lee Livingston . . Logan McDonough McHenry . . . McLean . . . . Macon Macoupin. . . Madison. . . . Marion Marshall . . Mason Massac Menard Mercer Monroe Montgomery Morgan Moultrie. . . . Ogle. Peoria Perry Piatt Pike Pope Pulaski Putnam Randolph. . . Richland. . . . Rock Island. St. Clair. . . . Saline Sangamon. . Schuyler. . . . Scott Shelby Stark Stephenson. . Tazewell .... 32,668 18,018 22,607 8,080 58,120 10,747 53,850 63,980 20,133 28,626 15,601 83,194 18,363 50,681 32,249 34,944 21,782 14,544 17,000 12,163 25,258 23,604 41,022 8,683 11,121 39,763 37,508 17,721 16,518 28,496 11,307 7,134 18,293 31,334 20,783 17,099 40,862 15,016 29,422 9,678 8,740 24.944 23,613 18,000 24,901 12,044 2.89: 7,362 12 3,470 6,642 55 172 139 59 120 3,019 1,701 615 55 10,602 32,668 18,018 34.651 8,080 58,120 10,747 53,850 63,980 20,133 31,523 15,601 83,194 18,363 50,681 32,249 42,306 21,794 14,544 17,000 12,163 28,728 23,604 41,022 15,325 11,176 39,763 37,680 17,860 16,577 28,616 11,307 7,134 18,293 34,353 20,783 18,800 40,862 15,016 30,037 9,678 8,740 24,999 34,215 18,000 24,901 19,604 15.000 26,520 8.400 55,226 10,300 39,779 50,806 13,097 32,831 16,787 75,000 20,000 42,124 30,075 37,204 12,669 20,000 19,440 8,515 21,742 14,164 38,000 16,650 11,000 50,000 29,727 18,496 16,000 35,000 9,593 5 , 102 10,882 37,619 19,450 15,250 44,794 14,000 30,000 8,938 5,112 24,297 16,000 45,000 15,000 300,394 150,326 253 , 753 108,847 506,546 122,007 317,176 522,760 305,432 225,530 211,577 557,076 263,970 263,157 256,470 171,342 158,028 225,535 56,261 128,395 190,569 144,902 248,528 220,259 154,637 309,633 203,084 126,300 210,451 232,460 52,202 53,830 56,148 196,442 132,767 127,185 229,600 99,227 358,668 123,785 87,070 283,990 121,264 212,702 265,832 126 192 208 144 212 174 248 188 86 280 141 220 142 288 224 340 154 174 600 126 226 190 280 140 134 312 270 266 144 302 288 150 366 340 292 228 334 232 158 136 113 162 260 426 104 218 240 272 148 228 176 338 240 132 278 147 300 138 384 252 492 274 128 604 188 300 324 330 140 144 256 370 280 156 246 432 264 650 348 312 294 354 302 168 156 200 176 564 170 188 AGRICULTURAL LLMESTONE 63 Table 32. — (Concluded) Tons used in 1941 Tons used in 1940 Acres of arable land (1939 census) Pounds used per acre^ County 1 1 Produced in Illinois Produced in other states Total 1940 1941 Union Vermilion Wabash Warren Washington VN a\ne 17,892 36.153 5,174 33,131 40,815 30,589 11,849 34,900 20,477 17,480 30,790 20,436 410,114 200 492 2,940 1,133 3,550 102 1.841 32 18,092 36,645 8,114 34,264 44,365 30,691 13,690 34,932 20,477 17,655 30,790 20,436 410,114 16,085 40,000 9,000 33,554 37,338 22,197 14,775 33,000 20,000 15,000 37,000 18,471 94 , 140 390,901 80,345 210,953 211,504 215,527 189,016 274,505 345,147 86,222 180,603 222,776 296 200 196 310 320 212 154 234 120 306 400 158 384 188 202 324 420 284 White 144 Whiteside Will 254 118 Williamson Winnebago 175 432 342 182 L ndistributed Total 2,989,629 95,226 3,084,855 2,365,663 20,201,195 Aver. 224 Aver. 306 a Canvass l)y Illinois Geol. Survey, in cooperation with the Midwest Agricultural Limestone Institute. ''Computed for 1940 from 1934 Census figures; for 1941 from 1939 Census figures. Table 33. — Agricultural Limestone Produced ix Other States and Sold in Illinois, 1935-1941, inTons^ Amount Per cent of Year sold in total Illinois Illinois consumption 1935 54,803 10.5 1936 77,264 7 .5 1937 87,479 7 9 1938 118,740 10.2 1939 71,775 5.1 1940 106.912 5 9 1941 95,226 3.1 » Canvass by Illinois Geol. Survey. 64 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1941 Table 34. — Agricultural Limestone Produced in Illinois and Marketed in Other States, 1935-1941, in Tons* Year Indiana Kentucky Missouri Michigan Tennessee Total 1935 10,102 32 130 4,135 1,095 15,562 1936 28,976 4,129 587 4,950 6,020 44,398 1937 53,375 12 845 7,522 2,703 64,746 1938 36,356 4 675 1,288 4,100 42,463 1939 3,527 4,735 441 500 18,950 28,169 1940 3,800 5,450 353 325 14,900 25,778^ 1941 1,800 940 867 65 1,060 4,832'= a Canvass by Illinois Geol. Survey, b Includes 950 tons to Wisconsin, f Includes 100 tons to Iowa. Table 35. — Production and Value of Agricultural Limestone in Illinois, 1939, 1940 and 1941* Produced and used in Illinois (Table 32) Produced in Illinois and Mar- keted in other states (Table 34) Total produced in 1939 Tons 1,425,683 28,169 ,453,852 Value $1,255,000 24,800 $1,279,800 1940 Tons 2,258,751 25,778 2.284,529 Value $1,910,000 21,700 $1,931,700 1941 2,994,461 Value $2,784,960 4,510 $2,789,470 * Canvass by Illinois Geol. Survey. CEMENT AND LIME The cement and lime industries of Illinois both felt the greatly increased demand for these materials due to the large amount of construction required for plants to manufacture military equipment and supplies, as well as for military structures, roads, etc. The sales of cement in Illinois, during the past three years are shown in table 36. During 1941 this amounted to over 6,000,000 barrels, valued at over $8,799,000. This was an increase of 19.7 per cent in value over 1940, and is slightly above the 20-year average. Production and sale of lime in Illinois during the past three years are shown in table 36. During 1941 this amounted to 246,000 tons, valued at over $1,723,000, which was an increase of 50 per cent in value over 1940, caused by the large increase in both chemical lime and dead-burned dolomite. This represented an increase of 97 per cent in value above the 20-year average. The CEMENT AND LIME 65 10 q: ° < CO 6 L. O Z o <» ' " ' ^*'' ''^.CEMENT 20 YR AV jr' \. '' *^*, / 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 r 1 1 1 1 1 1 250 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 Fig. 9. — Annual shipments of cement and lime by producers in Illinois, 1920-1941. principal uses of lime in Illinois are also shown in table 36. The fact that these large increases in demand for both cement and lime were met with no increase in average unit prices, is evidence of the stability of these industries. Trends of production and sale of cement and lime in Illinois, since 1920, are shown in graphic form in figure 9. 66 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1941 lO to lO OS OO ON OS fr> CN OS vO OS CO O t^ '* -^ so o 00 lO t^ 00 Os -^ ^ OS On_-h -H^oo" U-) OS OS '-I SO fN SO O. (^i o 00 00 o o o t^ OO «0 00 lo o OO rg ^ 1 ::: S o - S £ : . DQ o rt lO -^ _ OO 00 00 4^ On CN i-H rn (^1 l/^ (V 00 C -H Tt ir- to ,M 00 OS li- SO i^ J-~ ^ sO O-H 00 to 00 OS r 4/> €^ ^^ 00 SO ■^ (^ ro <^ 1^ , C sot- fc ^ r^j o <-^ <^ r> (^ 00 r- c O O I/- rvi OS ^ OJ bli rt £ (D 5/- C OJ rt _c H e ^ 3 C C -C rt c J" t2 rt a- ^ £ P .ii-t: :! ."^ > U Q /X < SJ\D J\D GRAVEL 67 SAND AND GRAVEL (INCLUDING SILICA SAND) The sand and gravel industry is one of the oldest and most widely distributed of the mineral industries of Illinois. During 1941 the sand and gravel sold or used by Illinois producers amounted to more than 15,360,000 tons, valued at the pits at more than S8, 886. 000. Illinois ranked third among the states in quantity. and fifth in value of sand and gravel produced. Details on production in 1939. 1940, and 1941 are given in table 37. Silica sand. — The silica sand produced in Illinois is derived from the St. Peter sandstone formation, which is a bedrock stratum that crops out at a number of places in the northern part of the State. The silica sand producing industry is centered in the vicinity of Ottawa, where the sandstone is loosely consolidated and therefore readily broken down to sand. In previous reports on Illinois mineral production, silica sand was grouped with other sands. However, because of the importance of the silica sand industry, separate data are given for it in this report. During 1941. the production of silica sand amounted to 2.092.000 tons. valued at the plants at more than 52.870 000. This was an increase in value of 59 per cent over that for 1940. and 90 per cent over that for 1939. Another product of the Illinois silica sand industry- is ground silica, also known as ground quartz or silica flour. Data regarding this commodity are given in table 38. Sand (other than silica sand). — The sand of types other than silica pro- duced in Illinois is almost exclusively, either directly or indirectly, of glacial origin. Much of it is produced as a co-product with gravel, some of it is dredged from rivers and from Lake Michigan, and lesser amounts, especially natural- bonded molding sand, are obtained from dunes or other deposits formed by wind. From these various sources, 104 com.mercial and 8 government-and-contractor (formerly designated as noncommercial) operations during 1941 produced more than 5,038.000 tons of sand, valued at the pits at more than 52,249,000. This was an increase in value of 54 per cent over that for 1940. and of 92 per cent over that for 1939. More than half of this was used as structural sand, which showed an increase of 74 per cent over that used for similar purposes in 1940. due largely to military and related construction. The natural-bonded molding sand produced during 1941 was valued at 5163,000. This was an increase in value of 104 per cent over that for 1940, and of 170 per cent over that for 1930. Other uses for sand during 1941 were engine sand and railroad-ballast sand. Both of these groups showed large increases over those for 1940, due to the great increase in railroad transportation caused by military preparations. Gravel. — Wide-spread deposits of gravel in Illinois, mostly of glacial origin, were the source in 1941 of 8,230,000 tons of gravel, valued at the pits at more than $3,764,000. This tonnage was produced by 118 commercial and 36 govern- ment-and-contractor operations. This value was an increase of 46 per cent over that for 1940, and of 55 per cent over that for 1930. Details of production and use are given in table 37. Total production of sand and gravel (including silica sand) by 149 com- mercial operations during 1941 amounted to more than 13.790,000 tons, valued at the pits at more than 58,212.000. Also during 1941. 36 government-and- 68 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1941 Table 37. — Sand and Gravel Sold or Used by Producers in Kind Silica Sand Glass sand'' Steel molding sand Structural and paving sand Blast, grinding and polishing sand. Fire and furnace sand Filter and engine sand Other silica sand*' Total silica sand Type of operation Commercial 1939 Amount tons 470,764 420,674 25,085 86,686 32,771 9,758 74,903 120,641 Val ue at pit Total 592,738 407,728 40,137 255,747 27,914 15,308 179,109 1,518,681 Average $1.26 .97 1.60 2.96 .85 1.57 2.39 1.35 Plants reporting produc- tion Sand {other than Silica Sand) Natural-bonded molding sand. . . Structural sand*^ Paving and highway-structures sand Engine sand Railroad-ballast sand Other sand Total sand (other than silica sand) Commercial Govt.-Contr. Commercial Govt.-Contr. Commercial Govt.-Contr. Both 65,816 ,382,689 3,884 876,807 7,506 62.660 478,739 48,574 60,227 548,007 1,529 380,378 1,267 26,530 120,818 23,252 .92 .40 ,39 ,44 ,17 ,42 ,25 ,48 2,915,285 11,390 1,159,212 2,796 ,40 25 2,926,675 1,162,008 40 14 72 4 46 3 9 6 7 106 6 112 Gravel Structural gravel^. Paving and highway-structures gravel'' Paving and highway-structures gravel'' Railroad-ballast gravel Other gravel Total gravel. Commercial Govt.-Contr. Commercial Govt.-Contr. Commercial Commercial Govt.-Contr. Both 1,489,468 142,240 1,739,703 855,227 1,369,190 125,145 726,724 42,193 748,526 370,489 492,037 46,786 .49 .30 .43 .43 .36 .37 4,723,506 997,467 2,014,073 412,682 43 ,41 5,720,973 2,426,755 42 Total sand and gravel (including silica sand) Total sand and gravel Grand total-sand and gravel (incl. silica sand) Commercial Govt.-Contr. Both 8,759,432 1,008,857 4,691,966 415,478 54 41 9,768,289 $5,107,444 $ .52 78 7 91 14 12 129 38 167 162 39 201 Total sand and gravel — 20 vear average (1920-39) ' . . . . Commercial 12,082,528 $6,364,081 $ .53 a Compiled from joint canvas.s made by U. S. Bur. Mines and III. Geol. Survey. ^ For melting only. SAND JND GRAVEL 69 (Including Silica Sand) Illinois, 1939, 1940 and 1941-^ 1940 1941 Amount Value at pit Plants reporting produc- Amount tons Value at pit Plants reporting tons produc- Total Average tion Total Average tion 586,054 $742,959 $1.27 3 754,799 $1,029,217 $1.36 3 474,569 450,525 .95 6 959,254 1,047,468 1 09 7 52,833 77,551 1.47 3 57,519 84,77'6 1.47 4 98,183 263,534 2.67 3 141,479 438,625 3.11 3 68,104 100,652 1 48 4 56,548 60,956 1.08 3 f — 10,133 28,187 2.78 3 116,344 176,142 1.51 2 • 112,968 183,732 1.62 2 1,396,087 1,811,363 1.30 7 2,092,700 2,872,961 1.37 7 78,903 79,877 1 01 14 138,973 163,310 1.17 14 1,652,726 716,281 .43 69 2,691,167 1,240,567 .46 68 2,684 506 .19 5 2,638 500 .19 2 1,361,072 517,748 .38 55 1,384,910 554,310 .40 59 14,536 5,343 .37 6 26,846 13,777 .51 6 44,521 22,563 .51 8 78,016 36,974 .47 10 315,055 84,444 .27 6 538,112 168,817 .3,1 5 48,638 23,638 .49 11 177,370 70,836 .40 14 3,500,915 1,444,551 .41 110 5,008,548 2,234,814 .45 104 17,220 5,849 .34 8 29,484 14,277 .49 8 3,518,135 1,450,400 .41 118 5,038,032 2,249,091 .45 112 1,553,123 825,323 .53 74 2,985,019 1,579,731 .52 66 84,473 40,601 .48 7 12,927 13,170 1.02 3 2,061,883 849,165 .41 79 1,711,802 762,960 .45 85 548,541 213,366 .39 34 1,525,055 646,920 .42 36 1,506,732 608,034 .40 12 1,933,312 734 , 703 .38 20 84,474 39,873 .47 19 62,132 27,460 .44 15 5,206,212 2,322,395 .45 121 6,692,265 3,104,854 .47 118 633,014 253,967 .40 37 1,537,982 660,090 .43 36 5,839,226 2,576,362 .44 158 8,230,247 3,764,944 .46 154 10,103,214 5,578,309 .55 151 13,793,513 8,212,629 .60 149 650,234 259,816 .40 40 1,567,466 674,367 .43 36 10,753,448 $5,838,125 $ .54 191 15,360,979 $8,886,996 $ .58 185 <= Excluding- sand ground for silica flour, see Table 38. <^ Excluding highway structures. ^ This does not include novaculite gravel — see Table 49, f Included in "'Other silica sand" for 1940. 'Other minerals." 70 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1941 1920 '22 '24 '26 '28 '30 '32 '34 '36 '38 '40 '41 Fig. 10.— Annual production and value of sand and gravel in Illinois, 1920-1941. GROUND SILICA 71 contractor operations produced 1,567,000 tons, valued at the pits at more than $674,000. All of these operations produced sand and gravel with a total tonnage of more than 15,360,000 tons, valued at the pits at more than $8,886,000. This was an increase in value of 52 per cent over that for 1940, and of 74 per cent over that for 1939. The 1941 value for commercial operations was 29 per cent above the 20 year average (1920-1939, inclusive). The figures for government-and-contractor operations for 1939 and 1940 do not include unavailable data on the production of sand and gravel by certain government units. This production is estimated to have been about 1,000,000 tons, valued at about $500,000, for each of those years, and is believed to have been largely gravel. The 1941 statistics include figures on the production of the above government units. If these estimates for 1939 and 1940 are included with the known production figures given in table 37, the adjusted totals indicate that the 1941 value shows an increase of 40 per cent over that for 1940 and of 58 per cent over that for 1939. Figure 10 presents graphically the annual production and value of sand and gravel in Illinois from 1920 through 1941. This shows the wide fluctuations in this industry, depending upon business conditions. The great increase from 1921 through 1928 was caused by general industrial and construction activity, in addition to which was the state-wide construction of durable highways. Rapid decline from 1929 through 1934 was followed by steady increases from 1935 through 1937. Resumption of some industrial and commercial construction activity, and much public construction activity, caused this increase. Decline followed through 1939 and then rapid increases began, resulting from military preparations. Production for 1941 is the largest since 1930 in volume and since 1929 in value. Development of industrial sands, with their higher unit values as compared with construction sand, has brought the total value for 1941 nearly up to that for 1927 and 1929, and within 14 per cent of the peak for 1928. Average value per ton is also shown for each year. Ground Silica Ground silica, or silica flour, is a product made by fine grinding of washed silica sand (see p. 67). The production of this material in Illinois in 1939, 1940, and 1941 is given in table 38. During 1941, the production was 139,000 tons, valued at the plants at more than $849,000. This showed an increase in value of 35 per cent over that for 1940, and of 58 per cent over that for 1939. Illinois ranks first among the states in the value of ground silica produced. About one-third of the above tonnage was used for abrasives — cleansing and scouring compounds and other abrasives. Another third was used in foundry work and as filler. About one-fourth was used in the ceramic industry, to which the material is known as silica flour or potter's flint. It is also used in the enamel and glass industries. 72 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1941 Table 38.— Ground Silica Sold or Used by Producers in Illinois, 1939, 1940 and 1941 * 1939 1940 1941 Use Amount tons Value at plant Amount tons Value at plant Amount tons Value at plant Total Aver. Total Aver. Total Aver. Abrasive Enamel and glass Foundry and filler Pottery, porce- lain and tile . Other uses 23,507 7,269 16,444 22,071 18,115 $148,024 41,289 101,987 147,361 99,621 $6.31 5.69 6.18 6.68 5.50 35,604 9,966 28,100 23.680 9,047 $191,406 53,838 174,038 154,272 54,934 $5.37 5.40 6.20 6.53 6.08 47,211 4,902 43,734 32,049 11,220 $287,274 29,218 266,019 198,143 68,955 $6.07 5.95 6.10 6.20 6.12 Total 87,406 $538,282 $6.17 106,397 $628,488 $5.88 139,116 $849,609 $6.10 3 Compiled from joint canvass made by U. S. Bur. Mines and Illinois Geol. Survey. Tripoli (Amorphous Silica) Tripoli (amorphous silica) is found in Alexander and Union counties in southern Illinois and is prepared by fine grinding the raw materials by either wet or dry processes. The production of this material in Illinois in 1939, 1940, and 1941 is given in table 39. During 1941, the production was 13,800 tons, valued at the mills at more than $200,000. This showed an increase of 29 per cent over that for 1940, and of 35 per cent over that for 1939. Illinois ranks first among the states in the value of tripoli (amorphous silica) produced. This material was used as an abrasive, polish, filler, and for numerous other purposes. Table 39. — Tripoli (Amorphous Silica) Sold or Used by Producers in Illinois, 1939, 1940 and 1941 » 1939 1940 1941 Use Amount tons Value at mill Amount tons Value at mill Amount tons Value at mill Total Aver. Total Aver. Total Aver. Abrasive Filler and other uses 3,100 8,034 $41 , 100 107,210 $13.26 13.35 3,300 8,221 $44,200 111,376 $13.40 13.52 4,001 9,832 $57,893 142,807 $14.42 14.50 Total 11,134 $148,310 $13.32 11,521 $155,576 $13.45 13,833 $200,700 $14.45 a Compiled from joint canvass made by U. S. Bur. Mines and Illinois Geol. Survey. CLAY AND CLAY PRODUCTS 73 CLAY AND CLAY PRODUCTS Including Silica Refractories and Fuller's Earth Clay and clay products (including silica refractories and fuller's earth) are the fourth largest mineral industry in Illinois in value of products, being next to oil and gas, coal, and stone (including cement and lime). The value of clay and clay products made and shipped in 1941, as reported to the Illinois State Geological Survey, amounted to more than $20,295,000. The clay industry is usually separated into four divisions: Clays, structural clay products, white wares and pottery, and refractory products (made from clay and silica). Figure 11 shows in graphic form the distribution of the various kinds of clays and clay products made and shipped by their producers during 1941, in Illinois, according to their proportionate value. Clays amounted to 3.5 per cent of the total value, structural clay products to 40.5 per cent, white wares and pottery to 32 per cent, and refractory products to 24 per cent. Production and value, both total amount and average rate per unit, of the various products are presented in table 40 under the four divisions, for 1939, 1940, and 1941. The number of plants reporting production for each kind of material is given, as well as those for each group and for each year. For 1941, reports were received from every producer of clays, white wares and pottery, and refractory products, and from 99 per cent of the producers of structural clay products. This shows the very complete reports for the past year, due to excellent cooperation by the producers with the Illinois State Geological Survey in securing accurate information. Clays (including fuller's earth), produced and sold during 1941, had a total value of $700,100. Table 40 gives the amount and value, at mine or pit, of clays produced and sold as such. The amount and value of clays which were manu- factured into clay products by their producers are not included in the clay section of table 40 but are reported as the finished products. Fireclays constituted 59 per cent by value of all clays sold in 1941, and were used largely for laying and daubing refractories, for bonding foundry sands, and for making ceramic products. Fuller's earth comprised 30 per cent by value and was used for bleaching and filtering of both mineral and vegetable oils, for cleaning compounds, and for fillers and binders. Shales and surface clays made up 6 per cent by value, being used for fillers, binders, and for ceramic purposes. Stoneware clay comprised 3 per cent by value, and was used for the manufacture of stoneware, saggers, and art pottery. Kaolin made up the remaining 2 per cent by value, being used for crucibles, glass pots and enameling. Structural clay products data, in table 40, show the amount and value at plants of the various kinds of structural material sold and shipped which, during 1941, were valued at $8,248,500. During 1941, common brick sales and ship- ments were valued at more than $3,787,000, or about 46 per cent of the total value of structural clay products, while face brick amounted to $1,569,000 or 19 per cent. Drain tile were valued at $448,000 or 5 per cent of the total ; struc- tural tile at $800,000 or 10 per cent; sewer pipe, wall coping and flue lining at $618,000 or 7.5 per cent; terra cotta and ceramic-glazed and salt-glazed brick and block at $608,000 or 7.5 per cent; and other structural products the remain- ing 5 per cent. Common and face brick and paving block are given in thousands, the other items in tons. In the totals, equivalent tons are given for all items. Comparing the structural clay shipments for 1941 with those for the pre- ceding two years, common brick and sewer pipe show notable increases, drain tile, structural tile, and terra cotta continue fairly steady, whereas face brick and paving block show decided decreases. These changes reflect changing demand for these products during the period through which the various industries of our 74 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1941 Table 40. — Clay (including Silica Refractories Sold and Shipped by Producers Use 1939 Kind Plants report- ing produc- tion Amount Clays Fire clay Laying and daubing refractories Bonding foundry sands 4 3 4 1 9 4 3 16 1 17 tons 72,736 17,325 Making ceramic products'' 23,073 Other uses 150 Total fire clay 113,284 Stoneware clay Kaolin Stoneware, art pottery, saggers 7,831 Crucibles, glass pots, enameling Shale and surface clay . , . Fillers and miscellaneous uses" ' 8,368 Oil bleaching, filtering and miscellaneous uses. . . . Fuller's earth 129,483 28,248 Total clavs 157,731 Clay products Structural Common brick Face brick 30 20 9 15 20 5 3 2 50 thous. 213,759 128,862 Paving block 7,806 Drain tile tons 77,299 Structural tile 129,824 Sewer pipe, wall coping, flue lining Terra cotta and glazed block^ 23,861 9,106 Other structural products'' 37,181 (equivalent tons) Total structural 1,161,071 White wares and pottery .... Flowerpots 3 3 3 4 2 10 Stoneware and kitchenware Dinnerware and art china . . . Art Dotterv . . Vitreous-china plumbing fixtures Porcelain and other whiteware ^ Total white wares. Refractory products — Clay 6 3 2 6 134,890 Plastic and castable refractories 1 815 5,012 140,717 Total clay and silica products 75 a Compiled from canvass made by Illinois Geol. Survey. ^ Includes clays sold for manufacture of fire brick, face brick, sewer pipe, flue lining, wall copmg, sag-gers, art pottery, and stoneware, f^ Includes clays sold for manufacture of flowerpots, and ceramic-glazed brick. ^ Includes ceramic-glazed and salt-glazed brick and block. ^ Includes facing block, light weight aggregate, roofing granules, and grog, f Includes chemical porcelain, electrical porcelain, saggers, clay pipes, garden pottery, modehng clay. CLAY AND CLAY PRODUCTS 75 AND Clay Products AND Fuller's Earth) in Illinois, 1939, 1940 and 1941 1939 1940 1941 Value at plant Plants report- ing produc- tion Amount Value at plant Plants report- ing produc- tion Amount Value at plant Total Aver. Total Aver. Total Aver. $ 137,173 72,992 28,887 2,800 $1,89 4.22 1.25 1.87 6 3 3 tons 108,139 22,900 9,335 $ 190,411 90,700 15,270 $ 1.76 3.95 1.64 4 3 4 1 tons 117,685 28,798 28,600 12,000 $ 231,119 131,016 36,550 16,400 $ 1.97 4.55 1.28 1.36 241,852 18,430 > 13,105 2.14 2.36 1.57 9 3 3 140,374 ' 5,886 14,406 296,381 i 10,110 33,885 2.11 1.72 2.35 7 4 3 3 187,083 13,549 1,415 20,358 415,085 21,834 14,251 39,355 2.22 1.61 10.10 1.93 273,387 218,553 2.12 7.74 15 1 160,666 24,974 340,376 205,494 2.12 8.24 17 1 222,405 26,676 490,525 209,577 2.20 7.87 491,940 3.12 16 185,640 545,870 2.94 18 249,081 700,102 2.81 2,030,355 2,013,906 182,757 544,422 656,746 387,727 689,512 214,386 9.55 15.60 23.30 7.03 5.12 16.25 75.60 5.77 41 26 5 21 27 4 3 4 thous. 260,497 121,885 2,053 tons 65,311 159,820 27,957 9,020 45,346 2,605,220 1,802,787 55,233 426,299 820,092 466,214 603,156 272,299 10.00 14.81 26.90 6.53 5.14 16.70 67 00 6 01 42 24 5 20 24 3 4 5 thous. 403,338 97,541 2,160 tons 68,060 129,464 34,806 11,027 53,305 3,787,863 1,569,395 53,024 448,176 800,448 618,702 608,940 361,966 9.40 16.10 24.60 6.58 6.20 17.70 55 00 6.78 6,719,8fll 5.79 64 1,272,654 7,051,300 5.55 64 1,556,420 8,248,514 5.32 80,724 124,106 392,686 i 838,620 k 601,311 — 4 5 3 6 3 6 — 175,710 670,246 237,824 755,714 2,449,307 676,573 — 4 4 3 8 3 7 — 189,597 1,028,715 360.948 1,596,302 2,640,406 739,504 — 2,037,447 — 19 — 4,965,374 — 20 — 6,555,472 — 2,222,582 1 57,101 48,424 16.45 70.20 9.63 7 3 7 5 175,500 7,479 6,062 9,302 3,301,468 204,092 207,149 159,336 18.82 26.80 34.10 17.10 7 4 5 5 217,247 9,274 3,871 13,960 4,075,282 312,488 258,507 145,022 18 80 33 70 66.80 10 40 $2,328,107 $16.50 12 198,343 $3,872,045: $19.50 12 244,352 $4,791,299 $19.61 $11,577,305 104 $16,434,589 106 $20,295,387 " Includes fire-clay, high alumina, and silica brick and shapes. '^ Includes retorts, condensers, stove lining, daubing mix, grog, and silica cement. ' Includes kaolin. J Includes saggers. •< Includes dinnerware. 1 Includes plastic and castable refractories. 76 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1941 CLAYS $700,100 STRUCTURAL CLAY PRODUCTS $ 8,248,500 WHITE WARES & POTTERY $6,555,000 REFRACTORY PRODUCTS $4,791,000 Fig. 11. — Distribution of values of clay and clay products in Illinois, 1941. CL.^y JND CLAY PRODUCTS 77 country were changing from peace conditions through increasing military prepa- rations to actual war. The construction and enlargement of industrial plants for military production, and the accompanying construction of large housing projects, furnished the increased demand for common brick and sewer pipe and sustained demand for structural tile, while the decline in normal residential and business construction was the cause for the decrease in demand for face brick. Demand for structural materials, as reflected in value of building permits issued, is shown in table 41 during 1940 and 1941 for each city in Illinois having a population over 25,000, and by groups for the smaller cities and towns. The values of permits are classified for residential and non-residential new construc- tion, and for repairs. During 1941. residential construction increased 38.0 per cent compared with 1940, while non-residential decreased 7.5 per cent, and repairs increased 4.0 per cent. Group housing for workers in plants engaged in military production caused the increases in residential construction. Total permits increased 16.2 per cent over 1940. Actual military structures erected in the Illinois market area during 1941 were largely of a temporary character, and provided only a slight market for structural clay products except for sewer pipe and drain tile. The large demand for lumber for barracks and other military structures in various parts of our country is gradually producing a shortage of that material which will probably increase the demand for clay products for military uses. The possibilities of salvaging clay products from such structures, when no longer needed, is greatly increased by the use of lime mortar instead of cement mortar in their construc- tion, as recommended by the War Production Board. ^ White wares and pottery are becoming a very important part of the clay products industries of Illinois. During 1941 the value, at plants, of white wares and pottery produced and shipped in Illinois, amounted to more than $6,555,000. Vitreous-china plumbing fixtures were valued at $2,640,000, or 40 per cent of this total; art pottery amounted to $1,596,000 or 24 per cent; stoneware and kitchenware amounted to $1,029,000 or 16 per cent; dinnerware and art china were $361,000 or 5.5 per cent; flowerpots were $190,000 or 3 per cent; and electrical and chemical porcelain and other white wares amounted to $739,000 or 11.5 per cent of the total. These values show decided increases over 1940 for vitreous-china plumbing fixtures, stoneware and kitchenware, and art pottery. The increase in plumbing flxtures was due to increased demand from group housing, industrial plant and military construction, while the increases in stone- ware and art pottery were probably due to changing to clayware for the manu- facture of articles formerly made from metals now needed for military purposes. Refractory products — clay and silica, constitute a division of the clay products industry which is almost entirely geared directly to the war effort. The value, at plants, of refractory products shipped by producers in Illinois during 1941 amounted to $4,791,000 which was an increase of 24 per cent over 1940 and 106 per cent increase over 1939. The value of fire brick and shapes produced in Illinois and shipped by producers during 1941 amounted to $4,075,000 or 85 per cent of the total; plastic and castable refractories were $312,000 or 6.5 per cent; refractory cements and mortars amounted to $259,000 or 5.5 per cent; and other refractories, including retorts and condensers, stove lining and silica cement, amounted to $145,000 or 3 per cent. These items all show large increases over the previous year except the last item which remains about the same. The largest increases were in fire brick and shapes and in plastic and castable refractories, all of which are necessary in the production of iron, steel, and other metals and castings of all kinds that are required in ever increasing quantities for military equipment and supplies. 2 WPB-1814, Sept. 7, 1942. 78 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1941 o z ^ ^ i s: '-' Q Q Z U <; ^3 o c/: ■^ On V) H Z S C5 H Z >< Q « u Q •P f, CQ <; ■r^ CN ro LO CT) OO 00 ) uo Tfi u-j r^ CN vo vo rsi o O ■r-H ^ LO On LO On ^ ■^ to f5 LO LO NO LO O LO ■^ i>- 00 — I Cn NO r^ ro ro 00 fO O !>• -H O '-H '-H ■^ '-H -^ t^ •^ 00 O 0\ Ol 00 '-H lO ON '^ r) ro Tf NO ro r^i o ■^ LO On ^H r^ O lo ro T-H ro >* LO On CO O Tt •r-l ON NO --I LO ^ 0\ 00 ro -^ CN 00 Tt 00 -^ '^ 00 00 t^ ON NO t^ T-H -H On T^ PO ro ro T-H On I— CM 00 NO O oo LO r^ O f^ lO r^ LO '^ ro '^ O O oi -^ NO •^ LO ■<— I lO fO C^) ON lO ON 0\ J>- LO CO NO 00 "-H ro O ro (» On LO rvl O fO On Tti LO lO ON t^ lO ro 00 NO NO ro 00 '-H t^ NO On On lO T-l Tt< T-H NO t^ lO t^ "* O On <^ t^ 00 t— NO O NO t^ 00 NO f^ ■rf — I 00 t~- LO 00 T-H t^ ^ "TtH 00 ■^ 00 NO •^ O NO ro 00 'Tt* O -H ^ l^ ON NO O On ro 00 ro (>J 00 lO O ro r~- t^ O <^ O O rsi LO NO NO O O — I NO LO 00 00 ro tJh On lO 00 •^ NO '^i O 00 NO a, ■^ On 00 LO T-i ON O -^ On »-i 00 ro l '* On + On CN CM LO O '-^ l^ LO CN 00 I^ I— '^ NO 00 On LO NO nO r^ t^ OO -rf IT) ■^ 1^ 00 -rf ir> O fN nO ^^ OO i/~/ On 00 ■^ nO -^ LO LO •^ NO I/O 00 NO LO O 00 O) T-i O "* '— ' fN lO 00 ^ 00 NO i^ rs) I/O r^i ro LO ro O r^ 1^ NO O »-< On r^ LO >0 rt ^ CN ro 00 '* NO lO On O -^ ^ CN ^ ^ 00 ro ro t^ On 00 ^ ro On l^ •.-H Tf •rt CN ro lO O NO '*' 00 ^ LO CN r^) LO ro NO LO rg LO 00 On ON -^ NO OJ CN Ol LO rq rsi o 00 ro ro t^ '-H LO -^ CO C^ 00 NO NO ■^ ro NO ro ro oi CNi T^i ro o 00 LO o ro t^ 00 ro NO '-H ^ 00 LO 00 r^i O O rN LO — I O ro O ^ t^ o o O-H o o O On O ro ■^ "* LO '^ t^ On lO '— I O NO nO On lO T— I LO lO O ro "* O 00 NO 00 O ^t^ O 'Tt^ "* NO 'Tf o ON o lo U-) 1^ NO !>• (>4 On NO ro t^ ,-< 1^ t^ ON ro ro ON NO t^ '-I On On r^j O "^ O r^j CO O ro r-4 CN t^ NO NO I 00 NO Ol '-H ro lO 00 NO On ro r^ lO t^ On -^ ro 00 ^ lO •^ Tf OO ro O 00 On -^ O 00 ro LO '-0 O ON NO On t^ LO NO i^ On rvj fN LO <>I •^ t^ O ro O 00 lO ro O O ro NO Tf '— I r^j i-~ ro O LO O O OO lO O O rvj vO ^ .^ O NO ^ LO t^ O ro O ro O >0 >0 l^ t^ On J^ ro ro LO O On On fN '— I OO t^ lO rvl ON ro ^ OO NO O NO 00 LO ro 00 ro ro --1 rv) t^ fN o »— 1 UO LO Cv] fN CN .^ ON NO ro LO '* ro O CN 00 ro CN uo •^ On nO On 't '— 1 On OO lO »^ uo ^H ro NO NO ro '^t NO t-« r^ t^ lo -^ ro i^ -^ ro 'f O 00 t-^ ■^ LO '— I I^ 00 O LO O) \0 ^H T^l NO O i^ t^ ro LO O O O O O LO 00 CN ro t^ '^ On O O -^ f^l NO lO O l^ O i^ ro ro ro t^ 1^ O ^ OO ro 'Tf 'f O OOOOO O r^ O 00 "* 00 ON "^ lO O '-I T^ 00 ON On l^ O '-I J^ rg On LO lO OO r^ NO On ^ 00 ■i-H NO On NO rsi ro On On CM ^ On O ^ ■rf lO l^ LO LO ro '-H O "* '— 1 r^j i^ OO fN ro '* <~^ 00 ■— 00 00 NO ■^ ro ro On »— I nO fvj LO lAj ro 00 ro LO LO On NO nO t^ lO r^^ 00 00 LO CM On -^ r^ LO rvj On On 00 NO ro 00 ro On 00 ro ^^ lO LO LO ■rf rv) On ^ ro ro O On O O 00 O 00 CN NO O On 00 ■^ OOOOO O lO O O O 00 -^ On ro f^l O '^ O rvj O O O O <~^ LO 'O NO nO NO '— I o LO t^ o LO NO f^ LO rt T-H ro r^i lO ro On r^ OO ■^ O t^ t^ NO l^ <>) '— I On ON 1^ Tfi ro 1^ O ro ro ro 00 lO CN ro OO NO (V) rsl T-H ro nO "Tt OO ro 00 NO O NO T-H O -H lO I— T-H fV) .rt CN) nO O) J^ LO ro 00 ro ro ro nO O t-- ro ro T-H r^ ro -^ 0-1 -t< ,-H t^ T^l 00 fN '^ T-H T-H t^ On LO T-H 00 I— ro On -^ nO On 'O t^ nO LO Jii 3 (U .;.=; rt o C 3 P o 11 3 O -13 ^^ be oooo o o o o O O O LO oooo oooo O^O^LO^O^ cTLrTor^ FLUORSPAR 79 FLUORSPAR The fluorspar industry during 1941 experienced the greatest demand since 1917, due to the unprecedented requirements of steel mills and aluminum plants, both of which made new production records in filling the needs of our military forces. Manufacturers of glass, enamel, and hydrofluoric acid also increased their consumption of fluorspar. The shipments of fluorspar from Illinois mines, by kind, during the past three years are given in table 42. The shipments for 1941 amounted to more than 133,000 tons, valued at more than $3,047,000. This w^as an increase of 31 per cent in value over the previous year. Production of fluorspar by the various states in 1940 and 1941 is given in table 43. Illinois was first in value of fluorspar mined, with Kentucky a close second. The consumption of domestic fluorspar is given by industries in table 44. The steel industry was the largest user, taking more than two-thirds of the entire output. Table 42. — Fluorspar Shipped from Illinois Mines, by Kinds, 1939, 1940 and 1941* 1939 1940 1941 Kind Short tons Value at mine Short tons Value at mine Short tons Value at mine Total Aver. Total Aver. Total Aver. Gravel Lump Ground 57,586 6,330 11,341 $1,171,678 161,142 305,873 $20.30 25.40 27.10 90,864 2,277 11,557 $1,919,195 56,210 338,342 $21.15 24.80 29.30 110,811 5,743 16,779 $2,416,681 156,601 473,965 $21.80 27.25 28.20 Total 75,257 $1,638,693 $21.77 104,698 $2,313,747 $22.10 133,333 $3,047,247 $22.85 a U. S. Geol. Survey, Mineral Resources; U. S. Bur. Mines, Minerals Yearbooks, Canvass, and Mineral Market Rept. M.M.S. 987. Table 43. — Fluorspar Shipped from Mixes in the United States, BY States, 1940-1941^ 1940 1941 State Short tons Value Short tons Value Total Average Total Average Colorado Illinois 11,032 104,698 103,939 i 7,986 $ 163,285 2,313,747 2,043,866 139,675 $14.80 22.10 19.66 17.49 15,566 133,333 142,862 [ 19,089 j 8,967 1 748 104 $ 225,069 3,047,247 2,957,982 355,951 ( 138,533 $14.46 22.85 Kentucky Arizona New Mexico .... Texas 20.71 18.65 Nevada 5,803 142 i 84,235 14.17 Utah 14.11 Washington Total 233,600 $4,744,808 $20.31 320,669 $6,724,782 $20.97 a U. S. Bur. Mines, Mineral Market Rept., M.M.S. 987. 80 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1941 160 Ql— 1— J 1 1 \ \ LJ \ L_J I I I I L 1913 '15 -20 '25 '30 '35 '40 Fig. 12. — Fluorspar, annual shipments and average value, from Illinois mines, 1913-1941, FLUORSPAR 81 The importation of fluorspar formerly afforded an important tonnage of this mineral. World conditions restricted this, as shown by table 45, so that during 1941 Mexico and Spain were the only importers of consequence. Con- sumption of imported fluorspar for the past two years is shown in table 46. Consumption of both domestic and imported fluorspar is given in table 47 by industries, with stocks on hand at the end of the year, for both 1940 and 1941. Stocks on hand at the end of 1941 amounted to about one-third of the previous year's consumption. So much fluorspar is used in the steel industry, especially in the manufacture of basic open-hearth steel, that major demands for steel in producing munitions and equipment for war have profound effects upon the fluorspar industry. These effects from two world wars are shown graphically in figure 12 which gives total annual shipments and average values per ton from Illinois mines from 1913 to 1941. This indicates that shipments for 1941 were 85 per cent of the maximum tonnage in 1917 — 156,676 tons. Table 44. — Fluorspar Shipped from Mines in the United States, BY Uses, 1940-1941^ 1940 1941 Use Short tons Va lue Short tons Value Total Average Total Average Steel Foundry Glass and enamel Hydrofluoric acid Miscellaneous. . . 162,772 2,829 20,269 33,608 5,640 $2,998,054 50,758 548,069 852,139 117,321 $18.42 17.94 27.04 25.36 20.80 214,120 2,724 32,051 52,674 6,916 $4,048,454 54,044 839,547 1,359,623 146,332 $18.91 19.47 26.19 25.81 21.16 Exported 225,118 8,482 4,566,341 178,467 20.28 21.04 308,485 12,184 6,447,000 277,782 20.90 22.80 233,600 $4,744,808 $20.31 320,669 $6,724,782 $20.97 a U. S. Bur. Mines, Mineral Market Rept., M.M.S. Table 45. — Fluorspar Imported into the United States, by Countries, 1940 and January 1 — September 30, 1941^ aU. S. Bur. Mines, Mineral Market Rept., M.M.S. 987. '' Revised figures. <= Publication of data after Sept. 30, 1941 suspended, due to war censorship. Country 1940 January 1-September 30, 1941 «= Short tons Value Short tons Value France Mexico Newfoundland Spain Tunisia United Kingdom 5,735 b 1,557 3,640 112 829 $47,345 21,466 69,825 841 3,454 4^239 3^070 ""i $50^295 22^772 ■■"32 b 11,873 $142,931 7,311 $73,099 82 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1941 Table 46. — Imported Fluorspar Delivered to Consumers in the United States, 1940-1941* 1940 1941 Use Short tons Selling price at tidewater, in- cluding duty Short tons Selling price at tidewater, in- cluding duty Total Average Total Average Steel Glass and enamel Hydrofluoric acid Miscellaneous 9,275 11 1,634 4 $204,342 361 44,845 160 $22.03 32.82 27.44 40.00 6,102 1^418 69 $143,863 38^760 1,380 $23.58 27^33' 20.00 10,924 $249,708 $22.86 7,589 $184,003 $24.25 a U. S. Bur. Mines, Mineral Market Rept., M.M.S. 987. Table 47. — Fluorspar (Domestic and Foreign) Consumed and in Stock IN THE United States, by Industries, 1940-1941* (In short tons) Industry Basic open-hearth steel Electric-furnace steel. . Foundry Ferro-alloys Hydrofluoric acid Glass and enamel Miscellaneous 1940 Consumption 143,800 11,700 2,700 1,900 b 37,000 18,900 2,500 ^2 18, 500 Stocks at consumers' plants Dec. 31 79,800 1,700 900 900 13,000 4,400 1,400 bl02,100 1941 Consumption 191,300 18,300 2,600 2,500 56,000 27,600 5,300 303,600 Stocks at consumers' plants Dec. 31 84,200 2,500 1,000 1,000 10,200 7,500 1,500 107,900 au. S. Bur. Mines, Mineral Market Rept., M.M.S. 987. ^ Revised figures. ZINC, LEAD, AND SILVER 83 ZINC, LEAD, AND SILVER The zinc and lead produced in Illinois in 1941 came from Hardin and Pope counties in southern Illinois, and from Jo Daviess County in northwestern Illinois. In the first two counties, the zinc and lead ores, sphalerite and galena, are found associated with fluorspar, and are mined with it. Illinois production of silver is derived from the southern Illinois galena, which is argentiferous. The increase in Illinois production of zinc and lead in 1941 resulted from renewed activity in Jo Daviess County and a greater production of fluorspar, and consequently of the associated zinc and lead minerals, also from the coming into production of new fluorspar deposits in Hardin County which are high in zinc and lead, and the erection of a flotation mill at Rosiclare for treating such ores. Production of zinc, lead, and silver is given in terms of the recovered metals, in table 48, for 1939, 1940, and 1941. Zinc produced in Illinois during 1941 amounted to 9,198 tons of recovered metal valued at $1,379,700, which showed an increase in value of 127 per cent over that for 1940, and was about 40 times that for 1939. Lead produced in Illinois during 1941 amounted to 2,376 tons of recovered metal, valued at $270,864. This showed an increase in value of 79 per cent over that for 1940, and was more than 9 times that for 1939. Silver produced in Illinois during 1941 amounted to 20,340 fine ounces (Troy weight) of recovered metal, valued at $14,464. This showed an increase in value of more than 4 times that for 1940, and was more than 31 times that for 1939. The total production of these three metals in Illinois during 1941 was valued at $1,665,028. 84 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1941 lU bO rt r- fc d Tt^'c > > lO -^ < S"^ 8^^ ■1 OC 5 r. D t^ 00 r^ I c _3 Os^OtJ H ly "rt t^t^ ^ H VC > fO CN ^ « ,_! ,_, VI S 4^ 5 hJ < 5 h a. ; w c Q W W c 6 22^ > > < OOOC > O ON t^ "^ o ^rof ^ tn 0^5 oC^'^c r 1 g o § 1) <5 00 bC ode > t4 w > rvjo H < 5="^ «j z ooo a \ t-- r~ p ^ OJ voooc ) i/- \ -Q T— 1 3 OOO r' rv •^ <^ "rt t-Of ) '- Tj ^ O lo <. > ^ t-~ ^ B Q o ^^ ^ 12 s g < ^H o ^ ■> 0; •^ 4, a; Q\ C -^3 oT 3 c 2 O Vi C/) „ C C J: o o c 'Z < 4-1 -u q: 00 00 ^C O 3 '"' — OO (/) OO^LOl-- o o '*'-H'~Tf ft _3 > ^3 2: > ss:= 01 > Q < S % W O rvioc vC 0) ^ PO ID ly- ■^ tH s J3 i^ O Tt €^ ^ ' P.a >• C/5 rt- '—I t- >> Q OJ 3 < Q c 0- c ■< D tc'i- 2 W 'Z O £ < 22^ rt oo tr N PC O^- 1 rorOsC 1^ .«^D 00 u ^1^ _) fi g'O (2 13 1 "a > SI'S b «^ tH 3 O o pq-M^ a . a> « L 02 ^ 3 ili ^ di N »- CO a £i OTHER MINERALS 85 OTHER MINERALS Included in this group are several mineral materials produced in Illinois by less than three producers for each material, so that details of production cannot be published without revealing individual operations. These materials are: Canister, a siliceous material found in Union and Alexander Counties, of southern Illinois; Novaculite Gravel, a chert gravel resulting from the disintegration of a bed- rock chert formation in Alexander and Union Counties, and used for road construction ; Peat, produced in northern Mason County for mixed fertilizer and other purposes (Illinois ranks second among the States in the production of peat) ; Pyrites (coal brasses), produced in Henry County from coal-cleaning oper- ations, where 13,400 short tons of pyrites were sold in 1941 ; Sa?idstone, and miscellaneous stone, produced in various parts of the State for rip-rap and road work, which during 1941 amounted to 4,100 tons valued at $5,900 — produced by government-contractor operations. The total amount and value of these mineral materials just described, which were produced in Illinois in 1939, 1940, and 1941, are given in table 49. These totals show a considerable reduction in 1941 from each of the two preceding years, due to a large reduction in the amount of sandstone and miscellaneous stone produced. This was caused by extensive curtailment of road work. Production of the other mineral materials in this group generallv showed continuing increases through 1940 and 1941. Table 49. — Other Minerals* Sold or Used by Producers in Illinois in 1939, 1940 and 1941 '^ Year Amount tons Value 1939 1940 1941 278,764 279,724 137,053 $354,862 242,526 171,177 a Minerals included: — ganister, novaculite gravel, peat, pyrites, sandstone, miscellaneous stone. i* Compiled from joint canvass made*by U. S. Bur. Mines and Illinois Geol. Survey. 86 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1941 S^ 8^ 8S 8 fe NO <>j 1 1 oo 1 od > ^ y-l rsi to lO to < T-i ^ ■^ ON^O O -H VO oo t- NO t^ C Tt^fOO OiO 10 rN ON ^^ NO t- Tt ■^ ^ 00 lO ID ON lO 1 t-O 00 CNI^ NO NO lO PO On cs CN lO t^ ro (^ ^'no' 00' '^ r<5 r-H NO CO C O 00 lO Tt^ON 00 rn ^_l r^ 00 CN to On fN rN 00 o ONrt^ ^f- ON 4-1 <5^ 1 nO CN I 1 oo — 1 1 On cn T— t c 1 NO 1 (M p NO ro '* y—{ o £ ^' « to < V-. Tj< t^ o to lo OO rt c:^ 1 1 ^.<=!-^ OO fc NO rvj 1 1 ON 00 ON NO NO NO > CN r^i CN < €^ ■^ T-l OMO o ^ ^ u^ lO 00 NO "^ _i NO NO NO NO rsj ON 10 On LO O Tt ID O LO O^— 1 r^ (U ^ t^ t^ ^ ■^ NO O) ^ t^ r^ On fO rt ^ t- ID LO ro 00 (>) O fN r^^ o r^ lo '— 1 On_ 00__t^ NO (>a 00 00 ■^ > ON 00 00 NO*" ro T-H (N CN '^^ ^ O) t^ S C o lo ro fO tc oo -H On ■^ >o »— 1 fN ir: S8 o So 00 NOro OC i-l ^ r<5 1 1 (TifOOO ^ t-- c ^ I/O 1 1 On 00 ON C D O <^4 O ^ O - £ <^ •^ < lO 1^ O CMO OO 8 fO ^ -IOC oo ILI NO r^i 1 1 O OO ON '* Tt S > €^ oo < r^ ro O lor- Tt t^ NO Tt' t~^ ro ^ O 0n0n_^O ■^ oo '— 1 t^ OO^^^OOO ro 00 (N •^ ■^^ (U _D ro 'oa^ 00 o' 00 •/- ^ ■^ ir~ -* NO 00 1^ rvj Tt ■^ C ro r<: NO rv) ON ON On -^ fN l-~ l-_^ NO (N ("^ fO -h' ^ 00*^ 1^ --H 00 OC no' i^ ^ lO ^ C o Ot^ 00 NO T^ '^NO ■^ PO On '^i -rf CO ^ fN ro ON 00 '- ro ^ Tf 4-> Tf NO 1 • 1 po <^. 00 ON 0^ c 00 ON 1 Oi^ t-^ r-~ 3 00 -H rg ■— O £ ■^ rr> < .£ -13 ^ueq ^ IPl si 0^ u Ph 1— ( c/: N H 1 c 00 N w"-^ 2a; p3 il m ^^ s^ S^ w| «iii rji X! S p-2 >,.2 ^/= a; £^ tf £ 0; 'Ji *-/ Cfi 0) 0) 0) ;s! '^ s^ fTl i2 ^ 1^ ^^ M 05 rt a 0)0 0) ^ ar . o ^0) r- 3 Set: ;*: o o ■5^w»-;: St: £ -^<<_,-Mt„-- o 03 O O « O ^ i^i m-2 2-2o^§^ 'O'^'^S <1J cc J^ K^O^pC3aj'^ ^a:£(i:o'«-^^ ^^^a)£:^g<2 MINERALS PROCESSED 87 MINERALS PROCESSED, BUT NOT MINED, IN ILLINOIS Included in this group are mineral materials which are processed in Illinois, but are mined in other states. The production of these materials in Illinois in 1939, 1940, and 1941 is given in table 50. Coke and byproducts. — All coke produced in Illinois is made in byproduct ovens. The coal used to produce this coke amounted to 5,163,463 tons in 1941, of which 236,251 tons, or 4.6 per cent of the whole, were mined in Illinois, and the balance came from six other states, mostly in the eastern bituminous field. The coke produced from Illinois coal is not differentiated from the other, so table 50 gives the entire amount of coke made in Illinois. In 1941 this was 3,660,000 tons, valued at the plants at over $25,214,000. There was also pro- duced 326,000 tons of coke breeze, valued at $782,000, and various byproducts valued at about $7,658,000. Details of coke manufacture are given in this report in the section on "Coke" (see p. 47). The total value of coke and byproducts produced in Illinois during 1941 (not including some byproducts on which figures are not available, due to war censorship) was $33,655,000. This total value showed an increase of 25 per cent over that for 1940, and an increase of 80 per cent over that for 1939. This tremendous increase was due to military preparations which greatly stimulated all metal industries. Packaged fuel is processed in Illinois from the fines resulting from storage and handling of eastern coal. In 1941 the packaged fuel produced was 8,900 tons, valued at $95,400. This was 2}/i times the value of that produced the previous year. Data cannot be published on the production of fuel briquets in Illinois without revealing individual operations (see p. 45). Pig iron is produced in Illinois from iron ore mined in the Lake Superior district. During 1941 there was produced 5,461,400 tons of pig iron, valued at the furnaces at more than $113,558,000. This was an increase in value of 54 per cent over that for 1940 and of 97 per cent over than for 1939. This great increase was the result of military preparations. Sulfuric acid is produced in Illinois as a byproduct of the smelting of zinc ores. During 1940, production amounted to 188,000 tons of acid at 60° Baume valued at $1,721,000. Data for 1941 are not available, due to war censorship. Slab zinc is made in Illinois from zinc ore mined in Illinois and in other states. Table 50 gives the total production of slab zinc made in Illinois from ores from all sources, that smelted from ore mined in Illinois (see table 48), and that from other ore. The slab zinc smelted in Illinois in 1941 from ores from all sources amounted to 121,900 tons, valued at $18,288,000. This showed an increase in value of 42 per cent over that for 1940, and was more than 2 1/5 times that for 1939. Groufid feldspar is made in Illinois from crude feldspar which is mined in South Dakota. It is used in the manufacture of whiteware and enamels and for other purposes. Data cannot be published on feldspar grinding in Illinois without revealing individual operations. Pig lead is made in Illinois by smelting lead ores ; that obtained from ores mined in Illinois is given in table 48. Data on pig lead produced in Illinois from ores mined in other states are not available. Mineral wool is made in Illinois from blast furnace slag and from natural rock materials. Data on production in Illinois are not available. Expanded venniculite is produced in Illinois by heat-treating crude vermicu- lite which is mined in the west. Production figures are not available. Almnina, phosphates, and other processed mineral materials are produced in Illinois in large amounts, but data for them are not available. The total value of mineral materials which were processed in Illinois, but mined in other states, during 1941 amounted to $164,217,000. This was an increase of 43 per cent over 1940, and of 90 per cent over 1939.