II E> RARY 
 
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LIFE IN OLD VINCENNES 
 
 By 
 LEE BURNS 
 
 Indiana Historical 
 
 Society Publications 
 
 Volume 8 
 
 Number 9 
 
 INDIANAPOLIS 
 PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY 
 
 1929 
 
The Wm. Mitchell Printing Co. 
 Greenfield, Indiana 
 
LIFE IN OLD VINCENNES 
 
 As A result of the brilliant campaign of George Rogers 
 Clark and his little army of less than one hundred fifty men, 
 the territory northwest of the Ohio River was given to the 
 United States by the treaty of peace that ended the War of the 
 Revolution. In this vast territory the only settlements at that 
 time were a few trading posts scattered many miles apart, such 
 as Detroit, Kaskaskia, and Vincennes. 
 
 Travelers who reached Vincennes in those days, coming by 
 boat on the Wabash or struggling along the nearly impassable 
 trail that led through dense forests from the Ohio falls, re- 
 marked on the beauty of its location. Volney, the French writer 
 and explorer, described it as it appeared in 1796 : 
 
 The eye is at first presented with an irregular savannah, eight miles 
 in length by three in breadth, skirted by eternal forests, and sprinkled 
 with a few trees, and abundance of umbelliferous plants, three or four 
 feet high. Maize, tobacco, wheat, barley, squashes, and even cotton, 
 grow in the fields around the village, which contains about fifty houses, 
 whose cheerful white relieves the eye, after the tedious dusk and green 
 of the woods. 1 
 
 In the account of Thomas Hutchins, the geographer, who 
 visited the place before the close of the Revolution, we find the 
 following description of Post Vincennes : 
 
 It "consists of 60 settlers and their families. They raise Indian 
 Corn, — Wheat; and Tobacco of an extraordinary good quality ;— superior, 
 it is said, to that produced in Virginia. They have a fine breed of horses 
 (brought originally by the Indians from the Spanish settlements on the 
 western side of the River Mississippi) and large stocks of Swine, and 
 Black Cattle. The settlers deal with the natives for Furrs and Deer skins, 
 to the amount of about 5000 1. annually. Hemp of a good texture grows 
 spontaneously in the low lands of the Wabash, as do Grapes in the great- 
 est abundance, having a black, thin skin, and of which the inhabitants in 
 
 1 Volney, Constantin F., A View of the Soil and Climate of the 
 United States of North America . . ., p. 332 (Philadelphia, 1804). 
 Later writers mentioned the cultivation of cotton. See Thomas, David, 
 Travels Through the Western Country in the Summer of 1S16 . . ., 
 p. 150 (Auburn, N. Y., 1819), and Warden, D. B., A Statistical, Political, 
 and Historical Account of the United States . . ., Vol. II, p. 284 
 (Edinburgh, 1819). A cotton patch that once grew where Vincennes 
 University now stands is described in Smith, Hubbard M., Historical 
 Sketches of Old Vincennes . . ., p. 253 (Vincennes, October, 1902). 
 
 (437) 
 
438 Life in Old Vincennes 
 
 the Autumn, make a sufficient quantity (for their own consumption) of 
 ivcll-tasted Red-Wine. Hops large and good, are found in many places, 
 and the lands are particularly adapted to the culture of Rice. All 
 European fruits : — Apples, Peaches, Pears, Cherrys, Currants, Goose- 
 berrys, Melons, &c. thrive well." 2 
 
 Other travelers remarked on the abundance of nuts, such as 
 black walnuts, hickory nuts, hazel nuts, chestnuts, and pecans, 
 and spoke of the fine quality of such wild fruit as the persim- 
 mon and the papaw. 3 
 
 Game was most abundant. Deer, elk, and bear among the 
 larger animals, and game birds such as wild turkeys, prairie 
 hens, quail, grouse, and ducks were plentiful. The rivers were 
 filled with many kinds of fish. In the woods, among other birds, 
 there were little green parrots or parroquets and flocks of wild 
 pigeons, two forms of bird life that have since disappeared from 
 this part of the country. 
 
 Most of the families were French or Creole, descendants 
 of the original French soldiers and fur traders who had come 
 from Louisiana and Quebec when the post was established sixty 
 or seventy years before. They spoke but little English, and 
 few of the new settlers who were coming from the eastern 
 states could speak French. These newcomers generally referred 
 to the older inhabitants as Canadians. 4 
 
 There was a marked contrast between the modes of living 
 of these two groups. The old French town was composed of 
 families who were primarily trappers, hunters, and fur traders. 
 They raised most of the produce they needed in the gardens 
 that surrounded their homes. Their farming was done in the 
 great common field, nearly five thousand acres of marvelously 
 fertile land in the prairie below the town."' 
 
 2 Hutchins, Thomas, A Topographical Description _ of Virginia, 
 Pennsylvania, Maryland, and North Carolina, comprehending the Rivers 
 Ohio, Kenhawa, Sioto, Cherokee, Wabash, Illinois, Mississippi, &c. . . „ 
 pp. 28-29 (London, 1778). 
 
 3 See, for example, Thomas, Travels Through the Western Country, 
 pp. 157ft-, 207ft. 
 
 4 Volney, View of the Soil and Climate, pp. 333S7- 
 
 5 Brown, Samuel R., The Western Gazetteer; or Emigrant's Direc- 
 tory. Containing a Geographical Description of the Western States and 
 Territories . . ., pp. 65-66 (Auburn, N. Y., 1817)- 
 
Life in Old Vincennes 439 
 
 From this commons produce would be brought to the vil- 
 lage in little two-wheeled carts, made entirely of wood, fastened 
 together with rawhide, and drawn by their sturdy Indian ponies. 
 These were the only wheeled vehicles in Indiana Territory. 
 There were no wagon roads. Goods that came to the village 
 over the trail from the Ohio were brought on pack horses, but 
 most of their traffic with the outside world was by the river that 
 had been for many years the principal line of inland transporta- 
 tion between Canada and Louisiana. Their stock of horses, 
 swine, and cattle, mentioned by Hutchins in the account of his 
 travels, was sadly depleted during the Revolution and the In- 
 dian wars that followed, but they still had enough for their 
 simple needs. 6 
 
 The people were hospitable and pleasure loving. The strains 
 of the fiddle and the sound of dancing feet in the taverns liv- 
 ened many a winter evening, and with the coming of spring 
 each year a number of the men would be off to visit their 
 friends "in town." This meant a voyage of hundreds of miles 
 down river to New Orleans, or an even longer trip, that involved 
 paddling up stream to a portage to the Great Lakes and then 
 on to Quebec. 7 
 
 Their houses, usually one story in height, with a central hall 
 running through from front to rear and a piazza that in many 
 cases ran entirely around the building, were built of hewed 
 logs. These were often placed upright and the spaces between 
 were filled with a mortar made of clay and straw. The roofs 
 were covered with thatch or hewed shingles. Some of these 
 houses were given a coat of stucco, and most of them were 
 whitewashed with a lime made by burning the mussel shells 
 that were so abundant along the river. The gardens, fenced in 
 with poles, contained many kinds of fruit and flowers, as well 
 as herbs and vegetables. It is small wonder that Volney, emerg- 
 
 6 History of Knox and Daviess Counties, Indiana . . ., pp. 245, 246 
 (Goodspeed Publishing Co., Chicago, 1886) ; Brown, Western Gazetteer, 
 PP- 38-39 ; Hutchins, Topographical Description, pp. 26-28 ; Ashe, Thomas, 
 Travels in America, performed in 1806. For the Purpose of exploring 
 the Rivers Alleghany, Monongahela, Ohio, and Mississippi . . ., p. 249 
 (London, 1808) ; Volney, View of the Soil and Climate, p. 334. 
 
 tlbid., pp. 336-37> 
 
440 Life in Old Vincennes 
 
 ing from a march of three days through the woods, found the 
 village a cheerful sight. 8 
 
 In the town was the log church of St. Francis Xavier, the 
 second structure of its name on that site, built under the leader- 
 ship of the Catholic missionary, Father Pierre Gibault. In the 
 belfrey hung the bell that had called together the inhabitants 
 on that memorable occasion in 1778 when, inspired by Father 
 Gibault, they renounced their allegiance to England and allied 
 themselves with the American colonies. This liberty bell of 
 the Old Northwest, which has been recast, hangs in the present 
 cathedral. 9 
 
 Near the church, on the bank of the river, was the deserted 
 stockade, from which had flown within a quarter century the 
 flags of France, of England, and of the United States, including 
 the flag of red and green made by Madame Goderre of Vin- 
 cennes for Captain Helm to replace the British colors, the first 
 American flag to fly in the Northwest Territory. 10 Before the 
 capture of the post by Clark, the British had added barracks 
 for four companies, and two blockhouses of oak. And they had 
 strengthened the stockade. But a few years later, Lieutenant 
 Colonel Le Gras, the American commander, reported that he 
 had sold the barracks, which the Americans, French, and Indians 
 had reduced to ruins. The inclosure within the stockade was 
 used afterwards for a jail and for a debtor's prison. 11 
 
 8 Brown, Western Gazetteer, pp. 65-66; Thomas, Travels Through 
 the Western Country, pp. 143, 144-45, 191, 212; Greene, George E., 
 History of Old Vincennes and Knox County, Indiana, Vol. I, p. 58 
 (Chicago, 1911) ; Dunn, Jacob P., Indiana. A Redemption from Slavery, 
 pp. 105-7 (Boston and New York, 1900). 
 
 9 Dunn, Jacob P., Father Gibault, the Patriot Priest of the Northwest, 
 p. 12 (Springfield, 1905). See also Law, Judge John, The Colonial 
 History of Vincennes, under the French, British and American Govern- 
 ments . . ., pp. I40ff. (Vincennes, 1858) ; Shea, John Gilmary, Life 
 and Times of the Most Re'v. John Carroll . . ., pp. 127-28, 186-89 
 (New York, 1888). 
 
 10 "Judge Charles B. Lasselle's Notes on Alice of Old Vincennes," in 
 Indiana Magazine of History, Vol. IV, pp. 84-85. See also Shaw, Janet 
 P. (ed.), ''Account Book of Francis Bosseron" in ibid., Vol. XXV, p. 237. 
 where the cost of the flag is itemized. 
 
 ^Lieutenant Governor Henry Hamilton's report, in James, James 
 Alton (ed.), George Rogers Clark Papers, 1771-1781, p. 183 (Collections 
 of the Illinois State Historical Library, Vol. 8, Springfield, 1912) ; Le 
 Gras to Clark, December 31, 1782, in James (ed.), Clark Papers, 1781- 
 1784, p. 176 (Collections of the Illinois State Historical Library, Vol. 
 19, Springfield, 1926). 
 
Life in Old Vincennes 441 
 
 Leaders of the fur trade in the old French town were 
 Colonel Francis Vigo, a Spanish soldier who had become a 
 merchant known and respected from the lakes to the gulf ; the 
 Spaniard, Laurient Bazadon ; and the French house of Lasselle 
 on St. Jerome Street. The storehouses of Bazadon, built of 
 hewed logs, two stories in height, were fitted with portholes 
 for defense by musketry. In their cellars were stored stocks 
 of merchandise, including bottles and casks of fine old wine 
 and French brandy brought up the river from New Orleans. 
 At these trading houses such standard articles as salt, blankets, 
 whisky, iron kettles, hatchets, and knives were kept for barter 
 with the Indians. 12 
 
 There had been an Indian village at this site before the 
 French post was established, and several hundred Indians were 
 usually encamped in the neighborhood of the town. Some were 
 members of nearby tribes ; others had often traveled hundreds 
 of miles to bring furs and pelts to the trading post. With these 
 Indians the French associated on terms of perfect friendship 
 and equality. Many a Frenchman had married an Indian wife, 
 and the erect carriage, black hair, and high cheekbones of the 
 Creoles showed their strain of Indian blood. John Law, the 
 first historian of Vincennes, described these men as he had 
 seen them in earlier days — with tall arrowy forms, mild, peace- 
 ful, always polite ; their typical dress including a blanket capote, 
 a blue kerchief round the head, and sandals for the feet. 13 
 
 Very different from the easy-going French and Creoles were 
 the new immigrants who came straggling in through Kentucky 
 in ever-increasing numbers, many with land warrants for serv- 
 ice in the War of the Revolution. Their chief ambition was to 
 clear the land and establish farms. While the earlier families 
 saw so much unused land and needed so little that their re- 
 quirements were met by a common field, the newcomers were 
 of the type that must acquire title to the land, clear it, fence 
 it, and then acquire more. 
 
 During his first year a settler would build a temporary cabin, 
 
 12 History of Knox and Daviess Counties, pp. 240-42. 
 13 Law, Colonial History of Vincennes, pp. 17-18. 
 
442 Life in Old Vincennes 
 
 to be succeeded as soon as possible by a more permanent struc- 
 ture. In the journal of Thaddeus Harris, giving an account 
 of his travels in the western country in 1803, he describes a 
 log cabin as being built of unhewed logs, usually without a 
 window and with a hole in the roof for the escape of smoke. 
 If the logs were hewed to a flat surface, and the roof made of 
 split shingles ; if there were a good fireplace and chimney, a 
 puncheon floor, and glass windows, it was called a log house. 
 At that time a glassworks had been opened at Pittsburgh to 
 supply window glass, and some of it was brought down the 
 Ohio and up the Wabash. 34 Later on, when sawmills were 
 built and boards could be procured, these log houses were made 
 with wooden ceilings and better floors than the split puncheons. 
 With their simple tools, such as ax, adz, drawknife, and 
 auger, the self-reliant pioneers built furniture for their cabins 
 and implements for their farms. Flax and hemp were to be had 
 for weaving, and in addition to the homespun cloth, deerskin 
 and buckskin were used for making clothing and moccasins. 
 For those who could not afford to purchase supplies in the 
 town, the abundant game, supplemented with wild fruits and 
 berries, honey and maple sugar, furnished the principal source 
 of food until a clearing was made and the first crop harvested. 
 Then hominy became a staple article of food and corn meal 
 was made by pounding the dried corn in a wooden mortar and 
 sifting it through a sieve of deerskin in which tiny holes had 
 been punched. And from this meal ashcakes or johnnycakes 
 were baked at the fireplace. 13 
 
 There had been a gristmill in the town for many years and 
 in the new settlements other mills were built that were run by 
 horse or water power. The mill became an important social 
 center as groups of settlers who had come on horseback waited 
 their turn for the grinding of their grain. A number of the 
 newcomers built stillhouses, where whisky was made, and 
 smokehouses for the curing of meat could be found on most 
 
 14 Harris, Thaddeus Mason, The Journal of a Tour into the Territory 
 Northwest of the Alleghany Mountains, pp. 15, 41 (Boston, 1805). 
 ^History of Knox and Daviess Counties, pp. 88-89. 
 
Life in Old Vincennes 443 
 
 of the farms. In addition to a sawmill and gristmill, a cocoon- 
 ery was established by a group of Shakers who had come to 
 Busseron Township in 1805. It is said that they manufactured 
 silk to some extent. 16 
 
 Much has been written about the hardships of the pioneers, 
 yet the early American settlers who came to this territory with 
 its mild climate and fertile soil had many advantages. Those 
 near Vincennes could trade at a settlement that had been estab- 
 lished nearly three-quarters of a century, and most of those 
 who came to any part of southern Indiana built their cabins 
 within a short distance of a navigable stream. It was a land 
 of opportunity, and within the first fifteen years of the ap- 
 proaching new century over sixty thousand people were to 
 establish themselves in the territory. Their greatest hardship 
 was the necessity of protecting themselves from the Indians, 
 who bitterly resented this invasion of their land. 17 
 
 The new settlers, bringing with them eastern habits and 
 customs, felt a need for some definite form of government. 
 Under the French regime at Vincennes, disputes had been set- 
 tled in most cases by the priest or, if the fort had a garrison, 
 by the officer in command. Later on, Virginia had attempted 
 to set up some form of local government for the settlements 
 in the country northwest of the Ohio that was described as the 
 county of Illinois, and in 1790 Winthrop Sargent, secretary of 
 the newly formed Northwest Territory, organized the vast 
 county of Knox, larger than the present state of Indiana, and 
 placed at its head, with the title of sheriff, John Small, a gun- 
 smith of Vincennes. 18 
 
 16 Ibid., pp. 75 and 78-92 passim. 
 
 17 The population of Indiana counties in 1815 is listed in Brown, 
 Western Gazetteer, p. 51. 
 
 18 For the law forming the county of Illinois^ see Hening, William 
 W. (ed.), The Statutes at Large; being a collection of all the laws of 
 Virginia . . ., Vol. IX, pp. 552-53, and Vol. X, pp. 303-4- The forma- 
 tion of Knox County is reported in Sargent's journal of proceedings, 
 quoted in Smith, William H. (ed.), The St. Clair Papers . .. ., Vol. 
 II, p. i66n. (Cincinnati, 1882). For mention of John Small, see Dunn, 
 Indiana, pp. 274, 290; Esarey, Logan, History of Indiana . . ., Vol. I, 
 p. 168, (Fort Wayne, 1924) ; History of Knox and Daviess Counties, 
 pp. 131, 136, 138, 170, 171, 242. 
 
444 Life in Old Vincennes 
 
 At perhaps the first election held in what is now Indiana, 
 Small was elected representative from Knox County to an 
 assembly that met at the little town of Cincinnati, and from 
 this assembly came a territorial council of which Henry Vander 
 Burgh, of Vincennes, was made president. 19 A few months 
 later Congress created Indiana Territory, which included an 
 area now forming the states of Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wis- 
 consin, and that part of Minnesota lying east of the Missis- 
 sippi. 20 
 
 Vincennes was made the capital of this new territory, and 
 a young native of Virginia, Captain William Henry Harrison, 
 received the appointment as governor from President Adams, 
 a few months before the end of his administration. Harrison 
 had served as an officer in the warfare with the western Indians, 
 had been secretary of the Northwest Territory, and at the time 
 of his appointment was the delegate from that territory to 
 Congress. 21 
 
 When this news reached the town of Vincennes, which had 
 then about seven hundred inhabitants, preparations were begun 
 for receiving the new governor. What was known as the man- 
 sion of Colonel Vigo was being built, a large two-story frame 
 house of the early American type, painted white, with green 
 shutters, and surrounded by a verandah. The builder was given 
 a premium of twenty guineas to hurry its completion, and when 
 the governor arrived in January, 1801, the use of this hand- 
 some house was offered to him by Colonel Vigo. Harrison 
 accepted the great parlor, a large room paved with alternate 
 blocks of ash and walnut, and used it as a reception room until 
 his own home was built. 22 
 
 At once the town took on a new character. At first it had 
 been a little French trading post. Then it became a center for 
 
 19 Dunn, Indiana, p. 274 ; Esarey, History of Indiana, Vol. I, p. 168. 
 
 20 "An Act to divide the Territory of the United States Northwest 
 of the Ohio, into two separate Governments," approved May 7, 1800, 
 Annals, 6 Congress, 1 session, cols. 1498-1500. 
 
 21 Goebel, Dorothy B., William Henry Harrison . . ., ch. 11 (Indiana 
 Historical Collections, Vol. 14, Indianapolis, 1926). 
 
 22 History of Knox and Daviess Counties, p. 242. 
 
Life in Old Vincennes 445 
 
 American settlers moving westward from the seaboard. Now 
 it was the seat of government for a vast inland territory. At 
 the new capital courts were established ; lawyers and other pro- 
 fessional men, such as physicians and surveyors, moved to the 
 town ; a land office was opened, and with the coming of the 
 seat of government came a number of able men who brought 
 with them the manners and traditions of the old established 
 aristocracy of the eastern states. The governor was soon sur- 
 rounded by a group of personal and political friends whom he 
 had appointed to office and their names appear again and again 
 in accounts of public affairs. 23 
 
 Harrison had come from a prominent family. His father 
 was a signer of the Declaration of Independence and after- 
 wards governor of Virginia. His wife was a daughter of Judge 
 John Cleves Symmes, an influential citizen of Ohio. They had 
 been married, after a romantic courtship and much against her 
 father's wishes, a few years before coming to Vincennes. 24 
 
 In a letter written the year of his arrival the governor said : 
 
 I have purchased a farm of about 300 acres joining the town which 
 is all cleared. I am now engaged in fencing it and shall begin to build 
 next spring if I can find the means. ... I wish you to send me some 
 whiskey as soon as possible . . . and send me also a couple of calf 
 skins and a little soal leather 
 
 I wish you could muster resolution enough to take the woods and 
 pay us a visit, I am sure you will be so much pleased with this place and 
 the prospects that you would consent to move here. . . . We have 
 here a Company of troops commanded by Honest F. Johnston of the 4th. 
 We generally spend half the day together making war upon the par- 
 tridges, grouse and fish — the latter we take in great numbers in a seine. 25 
 
 His handsome home, with its group of outbuildings for serv- 
 ants, was soon under way. He arranged with Samuel Thomp- 
 son to make the brick, paying for them with four hundred 
 acres of land, valued at a thousand dollars. The interior wood- 
 
 23 Goebel, William Henry Harrison, pp. 59-60, 63-64, 67; History of 
 Knox and Daviess Counties, pp. 174ft. ; Monks, Leander J., Esarey, 
 Logan, and Shockley, Ernest V. (eds.), Courts and Lawyers of Indiana, 
 Vol. I, ch. in (Indianapolis, 1916). 
 
 24 Goebel, William Henry Harrison, pp. 11-12, 36-37. 
 
 25 Harrison to James Findlay, October 5, 1801, printed^ in Esarey, 
 Logan (ed.), Messages and Letters of William Henry Harrison, Vol. J, 
 PP- 34-35 (Indiana Historical Collections, Vol. 7, Indianapolis, 1922). 
 
446 Life in Old Vincennes 
 
 work was brought by boat from near Pittsburgh and much of 
 the furniture came from eastern cabinetmakers. Gardens of 
 fruit and flowers were planted and tended under the care of 
 Mrs. Harrison. They named the place "Grouseland" and here 
 they entertained many prominent people of the day. The gov- 
 ernor's receptions in the west parlor, and the balls, when the 
 house would be brilliantly lighted with hundreds of candles, 
 were notable occasions. It was here that Aaron Burr visited 
 Harrison, and on the lawn in front of the house were held 
 many important conferences with Indian chieftains. The Treaty 
 of Grouseland was made here, and here were held the meetings 
 with the great Indian leader, Tecumseh. 26 
 
 The great scope of Harrison's governmental rights and 
 powers has been excellently summarized: 
 
 He was clothed with power more nearly imperial than any ever 
 exercised by one man in the Republic. He was authorized to adopt and 
 publish such laws, civil and criminal, as were best adapted to the con- 
 dition of the Territory ; he could arbitrarily create townships and counties, 
 and appoint civil officers, and militia officers under the grade of general. 
 Most extraordinary of all, however, to him belonged the confirmation of 
 an important class of land grants. In this regard his authority was ab- 
 solute. Other approval or countersign was not required. The applica- 
 tion was to him originally; his signature was the perfect evidence of 
 title. 27 
 
 Harrison had been appointed by a president who was known 
 as a Federalist. To secure his reappointment it was desirable 
 for him to make a favorable impression on the new president, 
 Thomas Jefferson. A considerable correspondence was carried 
 on between them, Jefferson recommending to Harrison that in 
 his appointments he reject dishonest men, those called federal- 
 ists, and land jobbers. In 1802, the governor directed that the 
 new town laid out as the seat of justice of Clark County be 
 
 26 Cauthorn, Henry S., A History of the City of Vincennes . . ., 
 pp. 25-29 (Terre Haute, Ind., 1902); History of Knox and Daviess 
 Counties, p. 243 ; Goebel, William Henry Harrison, p. 72 ; Smith, Hubbard 
 M., Historical Sketches of Old Vincennes . . ., pp. 258-63 (Vincennes, 
 1902) ; Greene, History of Old Vincennes and Knox County, pp. 285-87. 
 See Drake, Benjamin, Life of Tecumseh . . ., p. 125 (Cincinnati, 1855). 
 
 27 Wallace, Lew, Life of Gen, Ben Harrison, p. 27 (Hubbard 
 Brothers, 1888). 
 
Life in Old Vincennes 447 
 
 named Jeffersonville, and wrote to the president advising him 
 of the honor. 28 
 
 One of the first duties of the governor and the capable sec- 
 retary of the territory, John Gibson, was to determine the old 
 land claims of the French settlers and the land grants to the 
 militia. And to them fell the difficult work of handling Indian 
 affairs. The policy of the government was conflicting. It rec- 
 ognized the title of the Indians to practically all of the land in 
 the territory. Yet because of the land hunger of the immi- 
 grants who were coming in ever-increasing numbers it was 
 thought to be necessary to secure more and more land for them. 
 Treaty followed treaty, and the Indians became greatly dissat- 
 isfied as the boundary line was moved farther and farther to 
 the north. 29 
 
 It was the custom for the governor to exchange presents 
 with the Indian leaders. The records of the general store of 
 George Wallace Junior & Company show that they furnished 
 for some of the chiefs castor hats, and superfine cloth of buff 
 and blue to be made into suits by the local tailor. Other items 
 included a tent, and oddly enough, two scalping knives. For 
 this they received orders on the government. 30 
 
 There were many stormy meetings with the Indians as Har- 
 rison carried out the policy of the government to acquire their 
 lands, and he was accused by them a number of times with 
 double dealing. Billy Patterson, spokesman for the Delawares, 
 said in April, 1805 : 
 
 You may judge how our chiefs felt when they returned home and 
 found that the Governor had been shutting up their eyes and stopping 
 their Ears with his good words and got them to sign a Deed for their 
 lands without their knowledge. 31 
 
 28 Jefferson's letter of April 28, 1805 appears in Esarey (ed.), 
 Messages and Letters, Vol. I, p. 127. See also Harrison's letter of 
 August 8, 1802, in ibid., pp. 50-51. 
 
 29 For a short discussion of these land claims, see Goebel, William 
 Henry Harrison, pp. 66-68, 97-99. Harrison's activities as superintendent 
 of Indian affairs are discussed in chapter iv. 
 
 :; "Esarey (ed.), Alessages and Letters, Vol. I. pp. 176, 396. 
 
 31 Quoted from a letter of Patterson to William Wells, April 5, 1805 
 in Esarey (ed.), Messages and Letters, Vol. I, p. 122. See also the com- 
 munication of the Delawares to Wells, March 30, 1805, in ibid., pp. 117-18. 
 
448 Life in Old Vincennes 
 
 Tecumseh in his conference at Grouseland, after listening 
 for awhile to the governor's statement that the government 
 wished to deal justly with the Indians, finally grew indignant 
 and very frankly told the governor that he lied. And although 
 a more peaceful interview was held by them the next day the 
 Indian chief departed with a strengthened conviction that his 
 people were being treated with great injustice. "When you 
 speak of annuities to me I look at the land and pity the women 
 and children," he said. 
 
 When he was told that the final decision must be made by the presi- 
 dent at Washington, he is said to have replied : "Well, as the great 
 chief is to determine the matter, I hope the Great Spirit will put sense 
 enough into his head to induce him to give up this land : it is true, he is 
 so far off he will not be injured by the war ; he may sit still in his town 
 and drink his wine, whilst you and I will have to fight it out." 32 
 
 The sequel of this conference was the Battle of Tippecanoe, 
 where Harrison led an American force against the Indian con- 
 federacy while Tecumseh was absent in the South. 
 
 Among the important duties of the governor was the admin- 
 istration of the salt works at the Saline Springs southwest of 
 Vincennes, where salt water was evaporated in kettles over 
 great wood fires and the salt prepared for market. Salt was 
 an essential commodity, and these springs were leased from 
 Vincennes under the general direction of the government at 
 Washington. The governor regarded the springs as "perhaps 
 the very best in the whole extent of country from the Alleghany 
 mountains to the Mississippi" and stated in a report that he 
 hoped they might "give so large a supply of salt as very consid- 
 erably to reduce the price of that indispensable article in all the 
 settlements of the Ohio and the navigable branches of that 
 river." 33 
 
 The governor and the three territorial judges enacted such 
 laws as they thought necessary until the territory advanced to 
 the second grade of government in 1805. Then a legislature 
 was convened, consisting of seven elected representatives from 
 
 32 Esarey (ed.), Messages and Letters, Vol. I, pp. 467-69; Drake., 
 Life of Tecumseh, pp. 125-30. 
 33 Esarey (ed.), op. cit, p. 47. 
 
Life in Old Vincennes 449 
 
 the different counties of the territory and a council of five 
 appointed members. This was so small a group that it was not 
 necessary to erect a special legislative hall. During the years 
 that Vincennes was the capital they met for a time in the little 
 two-story frame building that is still preserved as the first 
 capitol building, and one session at least was held in the 
 seminary. 34 
 
 With the meeting of the legislature the desire to bring 
 slaves into the territory became a paramount issue. The French 
 inhabitants at Vincennes and the settlements along the Missis- 
 sippi had owned slaves ever since the settlement was first estab- 
 lished in what was then the province of Louisiana. Their right 
 to continue to hold them was recognized, and it was argued 
 that some way should be found to legalize the bringing of addi- 
 tional slaves from south of the Ohio in order to clear and 
 develop the territory. 
 
 With this opinion, which undoubtedly was held at that time 
 by a majority of the people of the territory, Harrison was in 
 sympathy. He had presided over the convention held at Vin- 
 cennes that asked Congress to suspend the article in the Ordi- 
 nance of 1787 prohibiting slavery in the territory, and when the 
 legislature passed an act providing for bringing slaves into the 
 territory by means of a contract of indenture he gave it his 
 approval. Among the proslavery group at Vincennes were 
 Francis Vigo, William Prince, Luke Decker, John Johnson, 
 Benjamin Parke, Waller Taylor, Thomas Randolph, and other 
 leaders of the community. There was a strong antislavery 
 party in the eastern part of the territory that was bitter in its 
 opposition. 35 
 
 Another act of the territorial legislature was to revise and 
 reenact the militia law of the Northwest Territory, for it was 
 necessary to be prepared for the ever-increasing danger of war- 
 fare with both Indians and the British. Every able-bodied 
 
 34 Greene, History of Old Vincennes and Knox County, pp. 281-82. 
 
 35 Harrison's attitude toward slavery is discussed in Goebel, William 
 Henry Harrison, pp. 74ff. ; Dunn, Indiana, pp. 302flf. ; Dillon, History of 
 Indiana, pp. 4ogff. ; Esarey, History of Indiana, Vol. I, pp. 197^. 
 
450 Life in Old Vtncennes 
 
 citizen was required to be enrolled and to furnish his uniform, 
 musket and ammunition, and muster days, when the troops were 
 called out for inspection, were important occasions. 36 
 
 Among other acts of this early legislature was one for the 
 relief of persons imprisoned for debt, but at the same session 
 a law was passed fixing the penalty of death for second offense 
 in such crimes as horse stealing. A horse was an essential pos- 
 session to a pioneer who was starting to establish himself and 
 his family in this new country, and a horse thief was recognized 
 as a most dangerous enemy to society. 37 For many minor of- 
 fenses the punishment provided was a specified number of 
 lashes on the bare back. 
 
 The borough of Vincennes was created, to be bounded by 
 the church lands, the river, the plantation of the governor, and 
 the line of the commons that had been created by an act ot 
 Congress ; and an elaborate system was established for building 
 and maintaining a fence around the common field in the lower 
 prairie. The proprietors of the various holdings were required 
 to meet at the house of Madame Page in Vincennes and elect 
 an officer to be known as syndic of the field and also a super- 
 visor of the dykes. The separate holdings were not fenced, 
 but around the whole field a worm fence was built and each 
 owner was required to erect and maintain the part that bordered 
 on his land in order that the fields might be protected from 
 stock that pastured on the village commons. This was a con- 
 tinuance of the system established by the French at Kaskaskia, 
 Vincennes, and other western settlements. 38 
 
 As the town became more prosperous, other substantial brick 
 houses besides the home of the governor were soon under way, 
 and carpenters and joiners came from the East and took on ap- 
 prentices to learn the trade. David Thomas, who visited the 
 town some years later, reported a number of brick houses and 
 
 Z6 Laws of Indiana Territory, 1806, pp. 61-63. 
 
 37 Ibid., 1805, pp. 15-19, 41-42. 
 
 38 For the law for incorporating the borough of Vincennes, see ibid., 
 PP- 33-36; a supplementary law was passed at the next session. See 
 ibid., 1806, pp. 39-42. For a description of the holdings and fencing, see 
 Dunn, Indiana, pp. 94-97. 
 
Life in Old Vincennes 451 
 
 nearly one hundred frame houses in addition to the original 
 French houses. 39 
 
 Other church organizations soon became interested in this 
 western capital where the Catholics had been so long estab- 
 lished. The Methodists sent the Reverend William Winans, 
 who arrived in 1809 and held his first service in a small room 
 of a private house. The meeting was at night, and the governor 
 held a candle while the minister read his text. The Reverend 
 Samuel T. Scott was the first Presbyterian to settle as a pastor 
 within this territory. 40 
 
 In the spring of 1804, Elihu Stout bought a small printing 
 press in Frankfort, Kentucky and sent it by river to Vincennes 
 where it arrived three months later, having been transported all 
 the way on boats propelled by hand. On the Fourth of July, 
 there was issued from his little office on East St. Louis Street 
 the first copy of the Indiana Gazette. In this issue the editor 
 pledged that the columns should ''never be tarnished with mat- 
 ter that can offend the eye of decency, or raise a blush upon 
 the cheek of modesty and virtue." 41 It was announced that the 
 subscription price of $2.50 might be paid with "Beef, Pork, 
 Bacon, Corn, Cotton, Whiskey, Wheat, Sugar, Potatoes, Butter, 
 Eggs, Tobacco, Salt, Tallow, Flour or Oats," if delivered at 
 the office. 42 All of those were standard articles of barter, for 
 there was but little money in circulation. For many years Mr. 
 Stout brought all of his printing materials overland from 
 Georgetown, Kentucky, taking with him three horses, one for 
 riding and two for carrying paper and other supplies. 
 
 In each number of the Gazette was a department of verse 
 called, with some justice, the Poetical Asylum. An early issue 
 
 39 Thomas, Travels Through the Western Country, p. 191. 
 
 40 Holliday, Rev. F. C, Indiana Methodism . . ., p. 28 (Cincinnati, 
 1873); History of Knox and Daviess Counties, pp. 292-93; Greene, 
 History of^ Old Vincennes and Knox County, pp. 423-24 ; Edson, Hanford 
 A., Contributions to the Early History of the Presbyterian Church in 
 Indiana, pp. 40-44. 
 
 41 A sketch of Elihu Stout, by Henry S. Cauthorn, appears in The 
 Indianian, Vol. V, pp. 351-55. See also an account of Stout and his 
 newspaper in Law, Colonial History of Vincennes, pp. 137-40. 
 
 ^Indiana Gazette, October 23, 1804. 
 
452 Life in Old Vincennes 
 
 contained an open letter signed, "A Freeholder of Knox 
 County," that charged the governor with a despotic use of his 
 power of appointment. It was generally known that the writer 
 of this letter was William Mcintosh, a well-to-do Scotchman 
 living at Vincennes who was a persistent critic of the governor. 
 Vigorous replies appeared in the next issue, including one from 
 Benjamin Parke who had just received from the governor his 
 appointment as attorney-general for the territory. And a few 
 weeks later the Gazette published a series of open letters from 
 Parke to Mcintosh challenging him to a duel. That there 
 might be no misunderstanding of his feeling in this matter he 
 said, "Sunk and degraded as he is, I will now sink him deeper ; 
 he shall lick up the dregs of infamy itself. I pronounce and 
 publish William MTntosh a filcher, pilferer, a thief." 
 
 In the next issue of the Gazette Mr. Mcintosh published an 
 address to the public in which he set at defiance the power of 
 "the unprincipled slanderer Parke/' 43 However, despite this 
 preliminary thundering the duel did not take place. 
 
 Publishing of such correspondence in regard to duelling was 
 not unusual, caused on most occasions by political differences. 
 A challenge from Thomas Randolph to Dr. McNamee was pub- 
 lished with the correspondence in full, and the paper recorded 
 a number of other duels, some of which had fatal results. 44 
 
 In 1804, Congress provided that the northern part of the 
 newly acquired territory of Louisiana should be governed from 
 Vincennes. The Gazette published a proclamation by "Wm. 
 Henry Harrison, Governor and Commander in Chief of the 
 Indiana Territory, and of the District of Louisiana" that pro- 
 vided for the division of Louisiana into the districts of St. 
 Charles, St. Louis, St. Genevieve, Cape Girardeau, and New 
 Madrid, designating a seat of justice for each. The governor 
 visited St. Louis in his official capacity, and was escorted into 
 
 43 See the issues of the Indiana Gazette, August 7 to September 18, 
 1804, for this correspondence. 
 
 44 See the Vincennes Western Sun, June 10 and 24, and July 1, 1809, 
 for the Randolph-McNamee correspondence. See also the issue for 
 December 17, 1808. 
 
Life in Old Vincennes 453 
 
 town by a cavalcade of leading citizens with considerable cere- 
 mony. 45 
 
 In the Western Sun was published an account of the celebra- 
 tion of the Fourth of July, 1807, with an elegant dinner pre- 
 pared at the inn of the territorial auditor, Peter Jones. The 
 dinner was presided over by Governor Harrison as president 
 and Captain William Prince, of the Vincennes Volunteer Light 
 Infantry, as vice president. It was said that "no oration (as is 
 often used, and indeed sometimes necessary) was required to 
 animate the spirits of the company." Instead, no less than 
 seventeen set toasts, and several more that were volunteered, 
 "were drank with much and merited eclat." These were pro- 
 posed not only to such subjects as the president, the army and 
 navy, and the ladies, but, as showing topics uppermost in the 
 public mind, it is interesting to know that one was to "The 
 union of Eastern & Western America — may it be perpetual" 
 and another to "The rising University of Vincennes." 46 
 
 On the same day another dinner to commemorate the occa- 
 sion, attended, as the Sun reported, by "a very respectable num- 
 ber of gentlemen & ladies," was given under a bower near the 
 spring of Francis Vigo. General John Gibson, secretary of 
 the territory, presided: Colonel Vigo acted as vice president 
 and seventeen formal toasts were drunk. The reporter observed 
 that "The day was concluded as it began, in harmony, friend- 
 ship and festivity. No other impressions were felt than those 
 arising from the events, to which the day gave birth." The 
 standard number of formal toasts on Independence Day at that 
 time seems to have been seventeen — one, no doubt, for each 
 state in the Union. 47 
 
 There was much controversy over the manner of conduct- 
 ing the sales of public land and charges were made that those 
 who superintended the sales were associated with companies 
 formed for the purpose of speculation. In an open letter, pub- 
 lished in the Western Sun. Governor Harrison, who had acted 
 
 ^Indiana Gazette, October 2, 1804. 
 ^Western Sun, July 11, 1807. 
 ^Ibid., July 18, 1807. 
 
454 Life in Old Vincennes 
 
 as one of the superintendents, said that he had purchased land 
 to the extent of his limited means and perhaps in partnership 
 with men of fortune and influence. But he asserted that he 
 had a perfect right to do so and denied that "the poor actual 
 settlers" were in any manner injured or oppressed by him or 
 his associates. 48 
 
 The tavern of Peter Jones, marked by a sign bearing a por- 
 trait of Thomas Jefferson, was regarded as a gathering place 
 for the more aristocratic element. Permanes Beckes became 
 the landlord of this popular tavern in 1807. Other taverns 
 were those of John D. Hay, John McCandless, and Hyacinthe 
 Lasselle. The Lasselle tavern, a large two-story structure, was 
 famous for its hospitality. Many banquets were given in its 
 dining hall, including one to celebrate the completion of the 
 first courthouse, and it was here that Governor Posey lived 
 during the few months of his administration before the removal 
 of the government to Corydon. 49 
 
 Frederick and Christian Graeter, fur traders who had come 
 to Vincennes from Alsace-Lorraine before the year 1800, an- 
 nounced in 1808 that they had opened a house of entertainment 
 at the well-known stand "the sign of the Ferry Boat." Some 
 of the early daybooks of this tavern are still preserved and their 
 entries throw interesting side lights on the life of that time. 
 The price of a meal was 25 cents, and lodging for the night 
 was 12 1/2 cents. Whiskey was sold for 25 cents a pint, while 
 punch and brandy toddy were $1 a glass or $1.50 for a bowl. 
 A spiced and sugared drink known as Sangaree was a specialty 
 of the tavern. 
 
 During the winter months hardly a day passed but a game 
 or "club" at cards was organized, and now and then when a 
 player would be forced to borrow from his host, the amount 
 was duly entered on the daybook. One winter a subscription 
 
 4S West em Sun, September 19, 1807. 
 
 49 Cauthorn, History of the City of Vincennes, p. 181 ; Western Sun, 
 December 2, 1807; History of Knox and Daviess Counties, pp. 150, 177; 
 Greene, History of Old Vincennes and Knox County, p. 133. Prior to 
 the building of the courthouse, court was held at the house of Laurient 
 Bazadon and Antoine Marechal. 
 
Life in Old Vincennes 455 
 
 ball was given. Among the subscribers on this occasion were 
 General Washington Johnston, George Ewing, Pierre La 
 Plante, Elihu Stout, Captain Hawkins, Captain Robert Ellison, 
 a ''gentleman from Philadelphia," and Toussaint Dubois, who 
 not only paid his own subscription but is charged with "assump- 
 tion" for two guests. 
 
 In the Graeter tavern was a billiard table. The charge was 
 8 1/3 cents a game and the table was in almost constant use. 
 In the spring of 1809 Governor Harrison was charged for 
 twenty-five games and young Jonathan Jennings, who was Har- 
 rison's bitter political enemy, was charged for sixty games. The 
 editor, Elihu Stout, must have found time heavy on his hands 
 that season, for nearly three hundred games and many half 
 games were marked to his account. In December of that year, 
 there were eighty-six active accounts on the billiard record, 
 representing a good part of the male population of the town. 
 
 Little notations on the flyleaves of the tavern daybook show 
 addresses of trappers and others. At one place it says, "De- 
 maree lives over the river and is going to buy skins for us/' 
 Another entry records that "Ganthey who lives over the river 
 from Owl Prairie has coon skins" and "Vernon who lives four 
 miles in Illinois has eleven skins." 50 
 
 It was a great occasion when, with the coming of spring, 
 the flatboats and barges laden with furs and produce were able 
 to start down the river for New Orleans, where their cargoes 
 were sold, or traded for other merchandise. Among the articles 
 sent down the river were salt pork, corn, venison hams, and 
 brandies made from corn and peaches. In March, 1814, G. W. 
 Johnston and Adam McCulloch were charged at the tavern for 
 whiskey and supplies for their boatmen. Thirty years later an 
 entry shows that the boats left on Wednesday the third of 
 April, 1844. No doubt a large part of the population was out 
 each year to see them start on the long river voyage. 
 
 In July, 1806, a number of citizens met at the tavern of 
 John D. Hay to promote the formation of a circulating library. 
 The original minutes of the organization show that Governor 
 
 50 These notations were made from the original daybook of the tavern. 
 
456 Life in Old Vincennes 
 
 Harrison was called to the chair and Benjamin Parke appointed 
 secretary. Rules and regulations were adopted that provided 
 for shares at five dollars each, payable in specie, or in such 
 books as might be judged proper for admission, and dues of 
 two dollars a year. The library started with about thirty sub- 
 scribers. In addition to the officers there were Dr. Samuel 
 McKee, Dr. Charles Smith, Dr. Elias McNamee, Colonel 
 Francis Vigo, Elihu Stout, John Rice Jones, Henry Vander 
 Burgh, and most of the other leaders of the community. 51 
 
 A report made in March, 1809 showed that the library con- 
 tained 248 volumes. The committee expressed its opinion that 
 two books of fiction were by their immoral tendency unfit to 
 be found in the possession of an institution whose object was 
 to diffuse useful knowledge and correct moral principles. It 
 was suggested that the books be destroyed. This high moral 
 tone was maintained through the years. A quarter of a cen- 
 tury later, the librarian was ordered to dispose of all dupli- 
 cate copies, and also the edition of Byron's Works. In 1813 a 
 catalogue was prepared showing over four hundred volumes 
 that had cost nearly nine hundred dollars, and ten years later, 
 when Isaac Blackford was president and John C. S. Harrison 
 librarian, the books were valued at over two thousand dollars. 
 
 The library was then in the Harrison house. Books were 
 usually ordered from Baltimore or Philadelphia and to the 
 bill there would be added the cost of a trunk in which they 
 were shipped. The records show that they paid $25 for Mar- 
 shall's Life of George Washington, when it was published. The 
 librarian was at one time allowed $1.37 1/2 for the purchase 
 of deerskin and some glue to be used for repairing damaged 
 bindings. 
 
 Mail was brought from the east by post riders. The sched- 
 ule called for a weekly mail but in bad weather there were many 
 delays. In January, 1809 the Western Sun said : "There having 
 
 51 The Indiana State Library has a photostatic copy of the original 
 minutes of the organization. A report on the organization and progress 
 of the library appears in the Western Sun, March 23, 1808, and an 
 advertisement for a library lottery was published in the issue of January 
 5, 1811. 
 
Life in Old Vincennes 457 
 
 been no mail for near 4 weeks from Louisville, & none from 
 beyond there for five, must account for, and be an excuse for 
 the barrenness of this days Sun." The next issue reported "an- 
 other week, and no mail." 52 As postage was not prepaid, the 
 postmaster had trouble in delivering some of the letters. In 
 early advertisements are lists of letters not taken out that were 
 addressed to many of the best-known citizens. 
 
 Congress had set apart a township of land in each of the 
 districts of Detroit, Kaskaskia, and Vincennes for the use of 
 a seminary of learning, and the legislature of the territory pro- 
 vided in 1806 for the incorporation of Vincennes University. 
 The trustees arranged to sell some of the land and also to 
 establish a lottery to provide funds for the erection of a school 
 building. This structure, known as the seminary, was begun 
 the following year. David Thomas, in his account of his trav- 
 els, speaks of the brick building, sixty-five feet in length, which 
 although unfinished, made a very handsome appearance. r,a 
 
 The board of trustees included such men as Waller Taylor, 
 chancellor of the territory, Benjamin Parke, territorial judge, 
 John Badollet, the registrar of the land office and close friend 
 of Albert Gallatin, and Nathaniel Ewing, who became after- 
 wards the first president of the Bank of Indiana. The school 
 was opened for instruction in 1811 by the Reverend Samuel 
 T. Scott. The Western Sun spoke of him as master of the 
 grammar and English school, with high praise for his ability. 54 
 
 In his history of the University, Curtis Shake draws atten- 
 tion to a significant sequence of events mentioned in the rec- 
 ords of the trustees. In 1807 a motion was adopted to inquire 
 into the conduct of Jonathan Jennings, who was clerk of the 
 board. Soon afterwards Governor Harrison offered his resig- 
 nation as trustee. After a new clerk had been elected, Harrison 
 again became a member of the board. This is perhaps the 
 
 52 Issues of January 21 and 28, 1809. 
 
 r ' 3 Laws of Indiana Territory, 1806, ch. v; Thomas, Travels Through 
 the Western Country, p. 191. See also Shake, Curtis G., A History of 
 Vincennes University (Published by the University, 1928), for a general 
 account of the school. 
 
 54 Issue of July 27, 181 t. 
 
458 Life in Old Vincennes 
 
 earliest indication of the differences between Harrison and Jen- 
 nings. They had far-reaching consequences. 
 
 When Jennings was elected the territorial delegate to Con- 
 gress, he began a campaign to have the capital removed from 
 Vincennes, where Harrison was a large landowner and was 
 surrounded by a group whom he had made powerful by his 
 political appointments. In this campaign, which was finally 
 successful, Jennings and his supporters charged Harrison 
 with being a Virginia aristocrat who favored the introduction 
 of slavery into the territory, and with favoritism in the distri- 
 bution of territorial offices. When, a few years later, Jennings 
 himself became governor of Indiana, he approved a measure 
 directing that the revenue from the lands of the Vincennes 
 University be turned into the state treasury, and the lands were 
 finally sold by the state, leaving the school in great financial 
 distress. 55 
 
 After the establishment of the seat of government at Vin- 
 cennes, the business life became more diversified. At first the 
 only merchants were the proprietors of the trading houses. 
 Within a few years the town acquired a number of general 
 stores, and shops of various craftsmen, such as cabinetmakers 
 who built some excellent furniture from the native wild cherry 
 and black walnut. Several smiths made such articles as and- 
 irons, pothooks, spits, tongs, and footscrapers for the house- 
 holds of the community, and all of the many forms of iron 
 required on the farms, including nails that were at first so 
 scarce and so necessary. And there were saddlers, gunsmiths, 
 shoemakers, hatmakers, a wheelwright, an apothecary, a tanner, 
 a silversmith, and a limner who was, let us suppose, the first 
 portrait painter in Indiana. 56 
 
 The hatters in their announcements offered to exchange hats 
 for good coon, fox, or muskrat skins. John Bruner announced 
 that he was in the blue-dyeing business, and would dye goods 
 of wool or cotton either deep or light blue, thereby entering 
 
 55 Shake, History of Vincennes University, pp. 12-14. 
 56 Thomas, Travels Through the Western Country, p. 191. 
 
Life in Old Vincenm.s 459 
 
 into competition with the housewife in whose dye pots many 
 fast and lovely colors had heen made/' 7 
 
 A dancing school was opened by Charles Gudran "to enable 
 Ladies and Gentlemen to conduct with ease and grace in com- 
 pany." As early as 1807 a theatrical exhibition was given in 
 the town, and some years later a circus troupe that seems to 
 have consisted of five men and several horses gave a perform- 
 ance that opened, so the handbills announced, with four Turks 
 fighting with broadswords and lances, and closed with a display 
 of fireworks. There being no adequate system of artificial light- 
 ing, the exhibition was given in the afternoon. 58 
 
 Despite these social diversions industry was not forgotten. 
 A meeting was called to encourage the growing of hemp and 
 establishment of a rope walk, and the Society for the Encour- 
 agement of Agriculture and the Useful Arts offered prizes for 
 the best pieces of homespun cloth of cotton, woolen, and linen. 59 
 
 In earlier days the men of the community had worn the 
 coon-skin caps and suits of buckskin of the hunters, or the 
 homespun of the settlers. But with the coining of the capital 
 there were occasions when the prominent citizens dressed in a 
 more elegant manner. Ruffles of lace, coats of fine cloth, knee 
 breeches and buckles of silver were to be seen at important 
 receptions. In his stand in the red house, opposite Graeter's 
 tavern, Owen Reilly offered for sale a handsome assortment 
 of goods from Philadelphia, including president cord, constitu- 
 tion cord, twilled coating, and moleskin, and the town soon sup- 
 ported four tailors' shops. While for the ladies of the com- 
 munity English muslins, taffeta silk from France, and Irish 
 linens were noted among the articles of import. 60 
 
 57 See, for example, a hatter's advertisement in the Vincennes 
 Western Sun, February i, 1812, and one of Bruner's notices in the issue 
 of December 9, 1812. 
 
 58 Gudran announced the opening of his dancing school in the Sun of 
 February 15, 1812; for a mention of the first theatrical performance in 
 the town, see the History of Knox and Daviess Counties, p. 244 ; the 
 Indiana State Library has one of the handbills advertising the circus 
 described. 
 
 59 For a short account of the agricultural society, see History of 
 Knox and Daviess Counties, pp. 153-55. 
 
 ^Western Sun, January 15, 1814. 
 
460 Life in Old Vincennes 
 
 When the separation of Illinois in 1809 reduced the size of 
 Indiana Territory to about that of the present state, a movement 
 was at once begun in the eastern counties to move the capital 
 to a new location. It was argued that Vincennes, at the western 
 edge of the territory, was difficult of access and to this was 
 added the desire of the opponents of the governor to weaken 
 his influence. In 1813 the capital was moved to Corydon and 
 in 1825 to Indianapolis. 
 
 However, Vincennes continued to be an important town in 
 the rapidly developing country. Timothy Flint in his Condensed 
 Geography and History of the Western States, published in 
 1828, said that it still had more trade than any other place in 
 the state. 61 During the steamboat days it was the most im- 
 portant port on the Wabash and with the advent of the railroads 
 it has become a prosperous manufacturing center. 
 
 When, two centuries ago, the Jesuit fathers planted fruits 
 and melons brought from France, they established what is now 
 an important factor in the commerce of the community. The 
 soil and climate are well suited to the culture of fruit, and from 
 the orchards that surround the town in every direction, daily 
 shipments are now made during the season to markets hun- 
 dreds of miles away. 
 
 The town retains something of the atmosphere of the olden 
 days, and the Harrison house which is still standing, seemingly 
 as substantial as when it was built over a century ago, is an 
 ever-present reminder of the time when the little community 
 was the seat of an administration whose jurisdiction extended 
 for a time from the Ohio line westward to the Rocky Moun- 
 tains. With its history is bound inseparably the history of the 
 Middle West, of its conquest, of the beginnings of its govern- 
 ment, of its earliest conflicts over slavery, of its development 
 of democracy. It would hardly be possible to tell the story of 
 any part of this inland country without referring to the in- 
 fluence on its history of men and measures of the early days 
 in old Vincennes. 
 
 61 Flint, Timothy, A Condensed Geography and History of the 
 Western States . . ., Vol. II, pp. 153-54 (Cincinnati, 1828). 
 
INDEX 
 
 Ackia, attacked by French, 97 
 
 Adams, Earl, 421 
 
 Adams, Mrs. Earl, 421 
 
 Adams, James Truslow, 148 
 
 Adams, John Quincy, on Ohio- 
 Michigan boundary dispute, 
 306 
 
 Adolf, George, weaver, 411 
 
 Adolf, Henry, weaver, 411, 423 
 
 Adolph, Catherine, 422 
 
 Adolph, Charles, weaver, 422-23 
 
 Adolph, Elizabeth, 423 
 
 Adolph, Emerance, 422 
 
 Adolph, George, 422 
 
 Adolph, Henry, weaver, 401 
 
 Adolph, Jacob, 423 
 
 Adolph, Mary, 423 
 
 Adolph, Nancy, 423 
 
 Adolph, Pheba, 422 
 
 Agriculture, in southern Indiana, 
 231, 232-33, 242, 245, 249; near 
 Evansville, 326-27, 334; in 
 
 Aurora (111.), 292 
 Attica (Ind.), trade connection 
 with Evansville, 332 
 
 Bacon, Albion Fellows, 156, 157 
 Badollet, John, on University 
 board of trustees, 457 
 
 Baeumler, , of Wuerttemberg- 
 
 ers, 272 
 Baird, James, weaver, 424, 429 
 Baker, Conrad, 50 
 Balize (La.), 75, 77, 105, 123, 125 
 Ballenger, Mrs. Peter, 424 
 
 Ballentyne, , weaver, 424 
 
 Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 218 
 Banks and banking, discussed in 
 Constitutional Convention 
 (1850-51), 18, 41-44; Evans- 
 ville Branch Bank established, 
 326; first president of Bank 
 of Indiana, 457 
 Baptists, 235, 248 
 
 early Vincennes, 437-38, 459 Barger, Martin J., 406-7 
 
 Alabama Indians, 127 
 
 Albion (111.), 226n 
 
 Alibamon Mingo, joins Bienville 
 
 forces, 81 
 
 French, 103 
 Aliens, property rights in Indiana, 
 
 20 
 
 Allart, , killed, 121 
 
 Allegheny (Pa.), 276 
 
 Allen, C. M., 145 
 
 Allen, Joseph, 421 
 
 Alton (111.), 23 
 
 Anders, Brother, 209, 210 
 
 Andrews, Ann (Chambers), 425 
 
 Andrews, Henry, 425 
 
 Andrews, P. B., builds steamboat 
 
 engine, 194 
 Angola (Ind.), 292, 313 
 Arkansas River, 330 
 Arkansaw Indians, with Darta- 
 
 guiette, 109, 113, 129; bravery, 
 
 115-17 
 Armstrong, Mrs. Bertha Cox, 168 
 Arnold, Lydia Morris, 399 
 Arvin, Dorsey, 430 
 Ashtabula (Ohio), 292 
 
 Barger, Samuel M., 406-7 
 Barnard, Lyman A., keel-boat 
 
 builder, 192 
 aids wounded Barren River, 331 
 
 Barry, William T., of Kentucky, 
 
 294, 295 
 Bartholomew, General Joseph, 
 
 235n 
 Bartholomew County, named for 
 
 General Joseph Bartholomew, 
 
 234-35 ; Moravian settlement 
 
 in, see Schweinitz, von, and 
 
 Goshen (Ind.) 
 Battell, Charles I., of Spencer 
 
 County, 165 
 Bazadon, Laurient, Vincennes fur 
 
 trader, 441 
 Beauchamps, M. de, with Bienville 
 
 expedition, 99 
 Beaudran, Nicholas, killed, 119 
 Bechler, Dr., 209, 210 
 Beckes, Permanes, of Vincennes, 
 
 454 
 Bedsaul, Isaac, Indian trader, 415 
 Beeson, Mrs. Edgar R., 423 
 463 
 
464 
 
 Index 
 
 Beeson, William B., builds river 
 steamboat, 196 
 
 Bell, General, in "Toledo War," 
 310 
 
 Benac, , company of, 143 
 
 Benade, Brother, 210, 211 
 
 Benefiel, , Perrysville carpen- 
 ter, 407 
 
 Berea College, students present 
 coverlet to Mrs. Coolidge, 396 
 
 Berthet, Captain de, 102, 143 
 
 Bethlehem (Ind.), 225 
 
 Bethlehem (Pa.), Moravian settle- 
 ment, 205n, 206, 208, 210, 2ii, 
 226n, 23611, 278, 284, 285 
 
 Betts, Mrs. Susan, 426 
 
 Bickey, Dr. George, organizes 
 Knights of Golden Circle, 376 
 
 Bienville, Jean Baptiste le Moyne, 
 Sieur de, expedition against 
 Chickasaw, 75-107, 121, 123; 
 organizes forces, 75"79, 107; 
 messages to Dartaguiette, 7/ } 
 83, 107, 121 ; at Tombekbe, 79- 
 87; builds fort at portage, 89; 
 attacks Ackia, 91-99; returns 
 to Mobile, 103-5 '■> dissatisfac- 
 tion with troops, 105-7 1 ad- 
 vises against second expedi- 
 tion, 125 
 
 Bigger, Samuel, on Indiana bound- 
 ary dispute, 308-9 
 
 Birch Creek, canal reservoir, 349, 
 350-52, 353 
 
 Birkbeck, Morris, i82n 
 
 Black Creek, 342 
 
 Blackford, Isaac, 456 
 
 Blair's Gap (Pa.), 282, 283 
 
 Blairsville (Pa.), 281, 282 
 
 Blickensdoerfer, Brother Jacob, 
 founder of Sharon (Ohio), 
 2i3n; mentioned, 271, 272, 274 
 
 Blue River Woollen Mills, 416 
 
 Bombelles, , company of, 143 
 
 Bonvillain, , killed, 121 
 
 Boon, Ratliff, state senator, 165, 
 169; rival of Joseph Lane, 
 167 ; in Congress, 169-70 
 
 Boonville (Ind.), 5, 30, 159, 160, 
 162 
 
 Bourmon, , 121 
 
 Bowling Green (Ky.), trade con- 
 nection with Evansville, 328, 
 330, 332, 337 
 
 Bowman, Mollie, weaver, 402 
 
 Boyd, Captain, of Mishawaka, 
 keel-boat builder, 190, 192, 193 
 
 Boyd, Permelia, 41 2n 
 
 Brackenridge, John A., known by 
 Lincoln, 163-64, 166; mention- 
 ed, 173 
 
 Bragg, General Braxton, northern 
 invasion, 339 
 
 Branson, George, 424 
 
 Bray, Naomi, weaver, 426 
 
 Breckenridge, John C, T67 
 
 Brendel, Friedrich, 257 
 
 Brennan, , 263 
 
 Brett, Matthew L., contract with 
 Wabash and Erie Canal board, 
 
 355 
 
 Bright, Jesse D., in Senate, 23 
 
 Bright, Michael G., of Jefferson 
 County, 17 
 
 Bristow, Jerome B., of Warrick 
 and Dubois, 161 
 
 Britton, Alexander, Lincoln con- 
 temporary, 159, 181 
 
 Britton, Frank, 182 
 
 Britton, Rachel Ann, marriage, 180 
 
 Britton, Thomas P., Lincoln con- 
 temporary, 159; sketch of, 
 181-82 
 
 Britton, Thomas P., Jr., 181-82 
 
 Broadway Hotel, 263 
 
 Brown, General, in "Toledo War," 
 310 
 
 Brown, James, of Louisiana, 294, 
 
 295 
 Brown, Margaret Gibson, weaver, 
 
 432 
 Brownsville (Pa.), 221 
 Bruner, John, dyer, 458-59 
 Bruner family, of Dubois County, 
 
 161 
 Brush Creek, 234, 261 
 Buell, General Don Carlos, 339 
 Burr, Aaron, visits Grouseland, 446 
 Butler, Benjamin F., attorney-gen- 
 eral, 306 
 Butler, Charles, interest in canal, 
 345 
 
 Cairo (111.), trade connection with 
 Evansville, 329, 330, 331, 332, 
 336; mentioned, 338 
 
 Campbell, Allen, and Company, 
 woollen mill, 421 
 
 Canada, territorial line, 290 
 
 Canal boats, see Early transporta- 
 tion 
 
Index 
 
 465 
 
 Cannelton (Ind.), trade connection 
 with Evansville, 332, 336; in 
 Civil War, 377 
 
 Cape Girardeau, district of Louisi- 
 ana Territory, 452 
 
 Cape Haitien, French forces at, 123 
 
 Carices of North America, Mono- 
 graph of the, by Von Schwein- 
 itz, 207 
 
 Carpenter, Willard, Indianapolis- 
 Evans ville railroad project, 364- 
 65 
 
 Carriere, , reported killed, 121, 
 
 131 
 
 Carroll, Charles, of Carrollton, 219 
 
 Carter, Mrs. Dan, 430 
 
 Carter, Mrs. Mary, founder of 
 English Society of Hand 
 Weavers, 400 
 
 Carter, Mrs. (Chenoweth), 406 
 
 Carter, Richard, in Civil War, 406 
 
 Carthage (Ohio), 264 
 
 Cass, Governor Lewis, negotiation 
 with Moravian missionaries, 
 269-70 ; on Indiana boundary, 
 302 
 
 Cawson, James, library of, 168 
 
 Central Canal, 342 
 
 Chambers, Ann, 435 
 
 Chandler (Ind.), 346 
 
 Chapin, Horatio, 197-98 
 
 Chappell, John J., of Warrick and 
 Dubois, 161 
 
 Chattanooga (Tenn.), 339 
 
 Chauvin, , killed, 121 
 
 Chenoweth, Hiram, 406 
 
 Chenoweth, Lemuel, 406 
 
 Cherokee Indians, support Chicka- 
 saw, 133, 141 
 
 Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, cost, 
 359 
 
 Chicago (111.) 1 2 9 2 
 
 Chicago River, portage, 186 
 
 Chickasaw Indians, expedition of 
 Bienville against, 75-107 ; Ackia 
 attacked, 95-101 ; fortifications 
 and villages, 99-101, 117, 133, 
 137-39, 141 ; battle with Darta- 
 guiette, 107-23, 129-31; alliance 
 with English, 1 17-19, 123, 133 ; 
 capture supplies, munitions, 
 121, 131 ; burn prisoners to 
 death, 125-27, 135 
 
 Chitty, Susanna, marriage, 226n 
 
 Chitty, William, 252 
 
 Choctaw Indians, with Bienville 
 expedition, 75-76, 77, 81-85, 91- 
 95, 99, 101 
 
 Cholera, 345, 347, 415 
 
 Christian's Spring (Pa.), Moravian 
 settlement, 20611 
 
 Chukafalaya (Tchioukafalaya), 
 Choctaw wish to attack, 91-95 
 
 Cincinnati (Ohio), Von Schweinitz 
 at, 225, 263-64; threatened by 
 General Bragg, 339 ; trade con- 
 nections, 332, 362 ; corn ex- 
 ports, 367 ; steamboat construc- 
 tion (1855-70), 381 
 
 Civil War, effect on Evansville 
 trade, 337-40, 358, 364, 367; 
 political attitude of Evansville, 
 373-77 
 
 Clark, Amos, of Spencer County, 
 
 165 
 
 Clark, Lucy (Graham), 415-16 
 
 Clark County (Ind.), county seat, 
 446-47 
 
 Clay County (Ind.), inhabitants 
 object to canal reservoir, 351- 
 52 
 
 Clayton, Brother, 248, 254 
 
 Clayton, John M., on state bound- 
 ary dispute, 304 
 
 Clemons, Harry M., 430 
 
 Clemons, Rachel A., 430 
 
 Clifty Township (Bartholomew 
 Co., Ind.), 239 
 
 Clinton, Governor De Witt, inter- 
 est in canal system, 341 
 
 Cloverport (Ky.), 332 
 
 Cochon, , killed, 121 
 
 Cockerill, Major, 428 
 
 Cockerill, Mrs., 428 
 
 Coffin, Charles F., 12 
 
 Cole, J. C, weaver, 431 
 
 Coleman, Father, 415 
 
 Coleman's schoolhouse, Moravian 
 meeting place, 226 
 
 Columbus (Ind.), Moravian settle- 
 ment near, 208 ; Von Schwein- 
 itz visits, 234-35; importance 
 in early shipping, 242-43 ; early 
 murder trial, 253n; mentioned, 
 233n, 239, 338 
 
 Columbus (Ohio), 267 
 
 Commerce, in Indiana, see Evans- 
 ville, Wabash and Erie Canal, 
 St. Joseph River 
 
 Comstock, Mrs. Mary, 430 
 
466 
 
 Index 
 
 Condit, Byram E. L,, of Warrick 
 and Dubois, 161 
 
 Condit, Hulda Angeline, marriage, 
 172 
 
 Condit, James Hervey, 161, 180 
 
 Condit, John, i8on 
 
 Condit, Uzal, 179-80 
 
 Condit Hotel, 161, 180 
 
 Conneaut (Ohio), 292 
 
 Conner, Mrs. Lucinda, 421 
 
 Constitutional Convention (1816), 
 on state boundaries, 300-1 ; 
 (1850-51), Judge Lockhart's 
 activities in, 10-22 ; his speech- 
 es, 35-47 ; Smith Miller dele- 
 gate to, 27 
 
 Contigny, Ensign, reported killed, 
 131 
 
 Contrecour, Chevalier de, killed, 
 97 
 
 Coolidge, Mrs. Calvin, presented 
 with coverlet, 396 
 
 Cook, Ziba H., contract with Wa- 
 bash and Erie Canal board, 
 355 
 
 Cook and Rice, Evansville brew- 
 ery, 369 
 
 Cooper, Mrs. Lylna Jane, 403 
 
 Copeland, Alexander, 248 
 
 Copeland, Polly (Gambold), 254, 
 255 
 
 Coquillard, Alexis, 190-91 
 
 Corie, Dr. James, 430 
 
 Corie, Mrs. Mary A., 430 
 
 Corst-cut, on Wabash and Erie 
 Canal, 349 
 
 Corydon (Ind.), 159, 160, 460 
 
 Coulange, Ensign de, with Darta- 
 guiette, 107, 119, 131 
 
 Counties, new county from Perry 
 and Spencer proposed, 15-16. 
 See also names of counties. 
 
 Courselas (Coustillas, Custillas), 
 Sieur de, 135, 143 
 
 Courserai (Chickasaw), held for 
 exchange, 127 
 
 Courtoreille (Courte Oreille), Pi- 
 erre de, 137 
 
 Courts and lawyers, grand jury sys- 
 tem, 35-40; in southwestern 
 Indiana, 162-65, 172-73, 176-79; 
 early murder trial, 253n. See 
 also Lockhart, Judge James, 
 De Bruler, Judge L. Q. 
 
 Coverlets and coverlet weavers, ar- 
 ticle on, 395-433 ; craft brought 
 to America, 396, 425; prepara- 
 tion of flax, 397-98; of wool, 
 398-99; dyeing processes, 400- 
 1 ; dyes, 403-4, 425, 426-27 ; 
 loom house, 405-7 ; patterns, 
 402-4, 405, 407, 409, 410, 425, 
 426, 428-29, 430, 431 ; profes- 
 sional weavers, 407-23 ; trade- 
 marks, 410-12; unusual cover- 
 lets, 430-32 
 
 Covington (Ind.), 357, 369 
 
 Cowan, Donald, 425 
 
 Cowan, Jennie (Ewing), weaver, 
 425 
 
 Crafts, see Coverlets and coverlet 
 weavers 
 
 Craig, Rev. Archibald, 421 
 
 Craig, James, sketch of, 414-15 
 
 Craig, James, weaver, 410, 411, 
 4i3n, 414 
 
 Craig, Jane (Gilchrist), 413 
 
 Craig, Janet, marriage, 421 
 
 Craig, John M., 4i3n 
 
 Craig, Margaret, 415 
 
 Craig, William, weaver, 410-11, 
 413-14, 430 
 
 Craig, William, Jr., weaver, 411, 
 4i3n, 414, 415 
 
 Cranston, Thomas, weaver, 424, 
 426, 428-29 
 
 Cratee, Madore, 190 
 
 Crawford, W. E., 421 
 
 Crawfordsville (Ind.), 228n 
 
 Cremont, M. de, account of expe- 
 dition against Chickasaw, 123- 
 27 
 
 Crosley, Richmond L., of Spencer 
 and Ehibois, 161 
 
 Cross Roads (Pa.), 275 
 
 Cumberland (Md.), 220 
 
 Cumberland Gapj 338 
 
 Cumberland River, 327, 328, 330, 
 358, 373 
 
 Cunow, Brother, 270, 272 
 
 Cushman, , 229 
 
 Dana, Charles A., 233n 
 
 Danforth, , of Louisville, 226 
 
 Daniel, Mrs. Isaac, 411, 420 
 Daniel, John, 165 
 
 Daniel, Richard, presiding judge 
 Fourth Judicial Circuit, 164-65 
 Danner, Mrs. A. V., 413 
 
Index 
 
 467 
 
 Darlington, , of Pittsburgh, 
 
 280-81 
 
 Dartaguiette, Pierre, chevalier de 
 St. Louis, Major of New Or- 
 leans, and commandant at the 
 Illinois, expedition against 
 Chickasaw, 107-23 ; messages 
 from Bienville, 77, 83, 107, 
 121 ; leaves Fort Chartres, 107- 
 9, 129; builds fort, 109, 129; 
 reconnoiters Chickasaw village, 
 109-11 ; attacks, 1 13-15, 129-31 ', 
 reported killed, 105, 115, 119, 
 131; death of, 125-27, 135; 
 losses, 119-21, 131 
 
 Dartigny, Sieur, 135 
 
 Dautrive, Sieur, 81, 97 
 
 David, Christian, 258 
 
 Davis, Grace (Carter), editor, 406 
 
 Davis, John G., speech on Lock- 
 hart, 59-6i 
 
 Dayton (Ohio), 263, 265 
 
 Deacon and McCaleb, build stern 
 wheeler, 194 
 
 Dearborn County (Ind.), weavers, 
 424 
 
 De Bruler, Arabella, 174 
 
 De Bruler, Claude Graham, editor 
 of Evansville Journal, 178 
 
 De Bruler, Curran A., 172, 173, 
 176, 179 
 
 De Bruler, Eugenia, marriage, 172 
 
 De Bruler, Hulda Angeline (Con- 
 dit), 172, 179 
 
 De Bruler, James, 178 
 
 De Bruler, James Pressbury, 159, 
 171-72, 175, 176, 177-78 
 
 De Bruler, Judge Lemuel Quincy, 
 sketch of, 171-75; mentioned, 
 8, 147, 159, 161, 176 
 
 De Bruler, Oscar, 172 
 
 De Bruler, Polly, 174 
 
 De Bruler, Richard, 174 
 
 De Bruler, Sarah (Graham), 172, 
 178 
 
 De Bruler, Thomas, 174 
 
 De Bruler, Wesley, 171 
 
 Decker, Luke, 449 
 
 Defrees, Anthony, 194 
 
 Defrees, John D., and Joseph H., 
 issue Northivestem Pioneer, 
 194 
 
 Dela Loere, , 121 
 
 Delaware Indians, Moravian mis- 
 sion to, 236n, 237; object to 
 land cessions, 447 
 
 Delaware-Chesapeake Canal, 215- 
 17 
 
 Demaree, , 455 
 
 Demerit, Madge, 417 
 
 Democrats, in Constitutional Con- 
 vention (1850-51), 17; Judge 
 Lockhart represents, 8ff., 49, 
 53, 56; in campaign of 1856, 
 PP- 30-31 ; states' rights doc- 
 trine, 45-46; strength in the 
 "Pocket," 37off. 
 
 Demuth, Brother, 269, 271 
 
 Denby, Charles, 50, 173 
 
 Desessars (Des Essarts), captain 
 of militia, 121, 131 
 
 Desgly, Lieutenant, with Darta- 
 guiette, 107, 119, 135 
 
 Desmorieres, Cadet, 119 
 
 Dill, James, in Constitutional Con- 
 vention (1816), 300 
 
 Diron, M., 105 
 
 Dixon (111.), 292 
 
 Dongola (Ind.), 346, 348 
 
 Donovan, Mrs. Bertha (De Bru- 
 ler), 178 
 
 Dooley, Rufus, describes prepara- 
 tion of flax for household 
 use, 397-98 
 
 Douglas, Stephen A., 372 
 
 Dover (Ohio), 272, 273, 274 
 
 Downey, A. C., 12 
 
 Dresden (Ohio), 268 
 
 Driftwood River, 235, 239 
 
 Dubois, Toussaint, 455 
 
 Dubois County (Ind.), early set- 
 tlers, 161, 171; mentioned, 5, 9 
 
 Duclos, Cadet (the younger), 119 
 
 Ducoder, M., 75 
 
 Du Lalies de Fer (Indian chief), 
 129 
 
 Dutisne (Dutisney), Lieutenant 
 Louis, with Dartaguiette, 107, 
 121, 131, 135 
 
 Duval, Joseph, 119 
 
 Eads, William H., of Franklin 
 County, 3Con 
 
 Early transportation, difficulties 
 of, 230-33, 234, 236, 261, 265, 
 266-67, 271, 341, 439; canal 
 boats, 267-68, 347, 348-49, 354; 
 keel boats : early use at South 
 Bend, 187-93 ; list of, 193 ; 
 "Red Dogs," 190, 192; rail- 
 roads, 23, 24, 218-19, 330-36, 
 
468 
 
 Index 
 
 337, 348, 352, 358-66, 388-89; 
 
 stage coaches, 217, 265, 266, 
 
 274, 281 ; steamboats, 193-97, 
 
 215, 216, 222-24, 262-63, 329- 
 
 34, 337-40, 379-8i 
 East Chicago (Ind.), 292 
 Eastport (Tenn.), trade connection 
 
 with Evansville, 332 
 Ebermann, Brother, 211 
 Economy (Pa.), Rappite settlement 
 
 visited by Von Schweinitz, 277- 
 
 80 
 Ecorse a Prudhomme, 109, 117, 
 
 129, 137, 141 
 Edmonston, Benjamin Rose, 10, 16, 
 
 17 
 Edwards, David, 165 
 Edwards, John, 420 
 Edwards County (111.), Moravian 
 
 settlement, 210-11, 226n 
 Eel River, 349, 351, 352, 353. 
 Ehrmann, Mrs. Bess V. (Hicks), 
 
 147, 156, 170, 180 
 Ehrmann, Dr. Calder D., 180, 181 
 Ehrmann, Dr. Christian, 180 
 Ehrmann, Mrs. Eugenia (De Bru- 
 
 ler), 172, 180 
 Ehrmann, Dr. E. D., 172, 180 
 Elgin (111.), 292 
 Elkhart (Ind.), 292, 312 
 Ellicott's Mills, 218, 219 
 Elliott, J. P., in charge of Civil 
 
 War relief camp, 374-75 
 Elliott, Dr. Joel, 415 
 Elliott, Dr. John, 415 
 Ellison, Captain Robert, 455 
 Embree, Judge Elisha, 5, 7 
 English, influence in 1850, p. 22 ; 
 
 alliance with Chickasaw against 
 
 French, 75, 95, 101, 117, 123, 
 
 133, 139; settlement in Van- 
 derburgh County, i8on 
 English Society of Hand Weavers, 
 
 400 
 Enlow family, of Spencer and 
 
 Dubois, 161 
 Enon (Ind.), Moravian settlement, 
 
 226n 
 Erie Canal, 341 
 Essex, John, founder of Goshen 
 
 (Hope), 24m, 246, 254, 256 
 Essig, Philip, 236, 241 
 Evans, David, of Warrick and 
 
 Dubois, 161 
 
 Evans, Robert M., 167, 169, 326, 
 327 
 
 Evansville (Ind.), beginnings of, 
 325-28; channels of trade and 
 the secession movement, article 
 on, 325-77 ; chief articles of 
 commerce, 366-70; effect of 
 Civil War on, 337;40, 367, 370- 
 77 ; exports and imports, 334- 
 36; home of James Lockhart, 
 3ff., 48; marine hospital, 27, 
 S3; packet lines, 329-34; rail- 
 road proposed, 23, 24; steam- 
 boat arrivals (1861-67), 379- 
 81 ; Wabash and Erie Canal 
 extended to, 342-48; effect of 
 canal on, 348-60; bibliography 
 on trade of, 390-91 
 
 Evansville and Cairo Packet line, 
 
 331, 333-34, 337 
 Evansville and Crawfordsville Rail- 
 road, commodities carried, 366 ; 
 receipts (i860), 388-89; men- 
 tioned 335, 337, 348, 352, 358- 
 59, 362-65. See also Evansville 
 and Illinois Railroad 
 Evansville and Illinois Railroad, 
 23, 24, 330, 331, 332, 360-62 
 See also Evansville and Craw- 
 fordsville Railroad 
 Evansville Branch Bank, 361 
 Evansville Journal, 31, 330-31 
 Ewing, George, 455 _ 
 Ewing, Jennie, marriage, 425 
 Ewing, John, on Indiana boundary, 
 
 296 
 Ewing, Nathaniel, on university 
 board of trustees, 457 
 
 Fairbrothers, William, weaver, 424 
 Faverot, Lieutenant, with Bienville 
 
 expedition, 99 
 Fendrich brothers, tobacco manu- 
 facturers, 335 
 Fikes, Captain, commanded last 
 
 steamboat on St. Joseph, 197 
 Fisbay, Joseph, ship carpenter, 194 
 Fiske, John, on Ordinance of 1787, 
 
 PP- 304-5 
 Fitzgerald, Xhomas, 305 
 Flanningham, Mrs. A. L., 431 
 Flatrock River, 235 
 Flatrock Township (Bartholomew 
 
 Co., Ind.), 239 
 Fletcher, Calvin, 308 
 Flint, Timothy, 460 
 
Index 
 
 469 
 
 Flower, George, 168 
 
 Fogle, Mrs. J. D., 431 
 
 Forrer, Martin, 417 
 
 Fort Chartres, 107, 129, 13311 
 
 Fort Donelson, 338, 339 
 
 Fort Henry, 338, 339 
 
 Fort McHenry, 217 
 
 Fort Pillow, 339 
 
 Fort St. Frederic, 135 
 
 Fort Sumter, 358 
 
 Fort Wayne, 344, 349, 35° 
 
 Fountain County (Ind.), coverlet 
 weavers, 408-10, 419 
 
 Fox River, portage, 186 
 
 Framboise, , 109 
 
 Frances, , weaver, 429 
 
 Frankfort (Ky.), 451 
 
 Franklin County (Ind.), weavers, 
 420, 422 
 
 Fredericktown (Md.), 219 
 
 Free Enquirer (New Harmony and 
 New York), 234n 
 
 Freeport, (111.), 292 
 
 French, settle Vincennes, 438-41, 
 
 443, 444, 450 ; slave owners, 449 See 
 also Bienville, Dartaguiette, 
 Cremont 
 
 Frick, William, 217 
 
 Fries, Adelaide L., 208-9 
 
 Frisby, Samuel, 165, 166 
 
 Frontigny, Sieur de, 107, 113, 121 
 
 Frueauf, Brother Eugene Alex- 
 ander, companion of Von 
 Schweinitz, 213, 214, 217, 236, 
 250, 258, 262, 272, 273, 280 
 
 Fulton Line, surveyed in connec- 
 tion with state boundary dis- 
 pute, 306 
 
 Fungi of North America, A Syn- 
 opsis of the, by Von Schwei- 
 nitz, 206-7 
 
 Fur trade, on St. Joseph River, 
 187; near Vincennes, 438, 441, 
 455 
 
 Gallatin, Albert, 457 
 
 Game, in Indiana, 231, 249, 348, 438 
 
 Ganthey, , 455 
 
 Garland, John, of Spencer and 
 
 Dubois, 161 
 Gary (Ind.), 312 
 Gentry, James, of Dubois County, 
 
 161 
 Georgetown (Ky.), 451 
 
 Gerber, Dr. Adolf, translator of 
 Von Schweinitz manuscript, 
 211 
 
 Germans, influx into Dubois 
 County, 161 ; in Ohio, 264, 265 ; 
 population near Evansville, 
 325, 328 
 
 Getty, Andrew, 412 
 
 Getty, Ann, sec Ann Hay 
 
 Getty, John, weaver, 412 
 
 Gibault, Father Pierre, 440 
 
 Gibson, John, secretary of Indiana 
 Territory, 447, 453 
 
 Gilchrist, Harriett P., marriage, 
 417 
 
 Gilchrist, Hugh, weaver, sketch of, 
 420 
 
 Gilchrist, Jane, marriage, 413 
 
 Gilchrist, Rena (Craig), 413 
 
 Gilmore, Gabriel, weaver, sketch 
 of, 421 
 
 Gilmore, Janet (Craig), 421 
 
 Gilmore, Joseph, weaver, 411, 421 
 
 Gilmore, Thomas,, weaver, 421 
 
 Gilmore, William, weaver, 421 
 
 Glenn, Ann, marriage, 428 
 
 Gnaddenhutten (Ohio), Moravian 
 settlement, 205, 213, 226n, 251, 
 267, 269-73 
 
 Gnadenthal (Pa.), Moravian settle- 
 ment, 2o6n, 278 
 
 Goderre, Madame, of Vincennes, 
 440 
 
 Goldsborough, Charles, of Mary- 
 land, 294 
 
 Goodlett, James R. E., presiding 
 judge Fourth Judicial Circuit, 
 165 
 
 Goshen (Hope, Ind.), Moravian 
 settlement founded, 239-41 n; 
 location, 241-42; need for ar- 
 tisans, 243, 245; land system, 
 243-44: schools, 237, 239, 240, 
 244, 245-46, 249; Sunday 
 School system, 247 ; mentioned, 
 20511 
 
 Graeter, Christian and Frederick, 
 tavern of, 454-55, 459 
 
 Graham, John Armstrong, of War- 
 rick and Dubois, 161 
 
 Graham, J. C, 23 
 
 Graham, John W., Lincoln contem- 
 porary, 159, 172, 178-79, 181 
 
 Graham, Nannie, 178 
 
 Graham, Samuel, weaver, 411, 
 415-16 
 
470 
 
 Index 
 
 Graham, Sarah, 172, 178, 181 
 
 Grandpre, M. de, commandant at 
 the Arkansaw, 133 
 
 Grant, General Ulysses S., 338 
 
 Granville (Ohio), 267 
 
 Grass, Daniel, Lincoln contempor- 
 ary, 15& 166, 181 ; in legisla- 
 ture, 165; importance, 169 
 
 Graves, David I., weaver, 411, 420- 
 21 
 
 Great Lakes, trade connections, 363 
 
 Great Miami River, 290, 295 
 
 Greeley, Horace, 233n 
 
 Green River, trade connection with 
 Evansville, 325, 326, 327, 328, 
 330, 33i, 332, 335-36, 337, 358, 
 366, 368, 373, 375 
 
 Gresham, Mrs. Walter Q., 431 
 
 Grondel, Sieur de, 73, 97 
 
 Grouseland, home of William 
 Henry Harrison, 445-46, 448 
 
 Gudran, Charles, Vincennes danc- 
 ing master, 459 
 
 Guebert, Pierre, 119 
 
 Hadley, Mrs. Almira, 398 
 
 Hagerstown, (Md.), 219 
 
 Hall, Eliza Calvert, authority on 
 
 coverlets, 400, 412 
 Hall, Judge James, 151, 162 
 Hall, John B., editor Evansville 
 
 Daily Enquirer, 52 
 Hall, Samuel, president Evansville 
 and Illinois Railroad, 23, 361- 
 62 
 Hall, Wesley, 163, 164 
 Hamilton (Ohio), 264, 265 
 Hamlin, Hannibal, 167, 372 
 Hancock (Md.), 219 
 Hanna, Graem, 422 
 Hanna, Mary (McKinney), 422 
 Harper, A. R. and J. H., build dam 
 
 and lock at South Bend, 199 
 Harrell, Mrs. S. S., 422 
 Harris, William, surveyor, 306 
 Harris Line, northern Ohio bound- 
 ary, 309, 310 
 Harrisburgh (Pa.), 283, 284 
 Harrison, Elisha, state senator, 165, 
 
 169 
 Harrison, John C. S., 456 
 Harrison, William Henry, gover- 
 nor Indiana Territory, 444-60; 
 quarrel with Mcintosh, 451-52; 
 superintendent of public lands, 
 453-54; helps organize Vin- 
 
 cennes library, 455-56; enmity 
 of Jennings toward, 457-58 
 
 Hart, David, presiding judge 
 Fourth Judicial Circuit, 164 
 
 Hatfield, Edward, 423 
 
 Hatfield, Edwin R., 173 
 
 Hauser, Eliza (Spaugh), 226n 
 
 Hauser, Jacob, settles in Indiana, 
 226n, 239; Von Schweinitz 
 visits, 235, 254, 260-61 
 
 Hauser, Martin, sketch of, 226n- 
 27n; founds settlement at 
 Goshen ( Hope ) , 208- 1 1 , 239-40 ; 
 home in Bartholomew County, 
 237-38; opposes John Jones, 
 244-45 ; commissioned adviser 
 to Goshen congregation, 246, 
 251-52^ 259, 260; mentioned, 
 205n, 235, 244, 261 
 
 Hauser, Susanna (Chitty), 226n, 
 
 237 
 
 Haw Creek, 245, 253 
 
 Haw Creek Township (Bartholo- 
 mew Co., Ind.), Moravian set- 
 tlement in, 239 
 
 Hawkins, Captain, 455 
 
 Haw Patch, (Ind.), 235 
 
 Hay, Ann, sketch of, 412 
 
 Hay, John D., tavern of, 454 
 
 Haysville (Ind.), 16, 17 
 
 Heath, Christopher C, of Warrick 
 and Dubois, 161 
 
 Hebron (Ohio), 268 
 
 Heckenwaelder, Thomas, 264 
 
 Heiny, Lydia, marriage, 417 
 
 Helm, Captain Leonard, 440 
 
 Henderson, Bennett H., 294 
 
 Henderson (Ky.), 344 
 
 Henderson and Nashville Railroad, 
 364 
 
 Hendricks, Thomas A., in Con- 
 gress, 23 ; attitude on state 
 boundary dispute, 296, 304, 
 309 ; meeting with Von Schwei- 
 nitz, 227-28 
 
 Hendricks County (Ind.), Mora- 
 vian settlement, 210, 226n ; 
 weavers of, 424 
 
 Hennepin, Louis, 186-87 
 
 Henry County (Ind.), weavers, 
 415-16, 422-23 
 
 Hernly, Mrs. Asa, 416 
 
 Hicks, Bess Virginia, marriage, 
 180 
 
 Hicks, Rachel Ann (Britton), 180 
 
Index 
 
 471 
 
 Hicks, Royal S., founder of Rock- 
 port Democrat, 180; appear- 
 ance, 181 
 
 Hicks, William, weaver, 407, 424 
 
 Hilliard family, 168 
 
 Holders, Henry, 249 
 
 Honey Creek, 349 
 
 Hoosier State (Newport, Ind.), 
 406 
 
 Hoover, David, 421 
 
 Hoover, Esther, 421 
 
 Hoover, Samuel, 415 
 
 Hope (Ind.), see Goshen 
 
 Hornbrook family, 168 
 
 Hornby family, 168 
 
 Horner, John S., appointed gover- 
 nor of Michigan Territory, 
 310 
 
 Hosmer (Ind.), 353 
 
 Hovey, Alvin P., 5, 8, 29, 32 
 
 Howard, B. C, commissioner in 
 Ohio-Michigan boundary dis- 
 pute, 310 
 
 Hubbard, Jesse, of Warrick and 
 Dubois, 101 
 
 Huber, Brother, cigar manufactory, 
 269 
 
 Huber, Damus, weaver, 424 
 
 Huber, John, weaver, 424 
 
 Huber, Philip, of W'arrick and Du- 
 bois, 161 
 
 Huebner, Sam, 269, 271, 272, 273, 
 274 
 
 Huet, Pierre, 119 
 
 Huff, Wilson, of Spencer County, 
 
 15 
 Hull, Samuel A., of W'arrick and 
 
 Dubois, 161 
 Hutchins, Thomas, describes Post 
 
 Vincennes, 437-38 
 Hynes, Blythe, 179 
 
 Iglehart, Asa, 50, 173 
 
 Iglehart, Judge John E., letter 
 from Ida M. Tarbell, 157 ; let- 
 ter from G. R. Wilson, 161 
 
 Illinois, admitted to Union, 301 ; 
 Knights of Golden Circle in, 
 376 ; northern boundary, 303 
 
 Illinois, County of, 443 
 
 Illinois Indians, with Dartaguiette 
 against Chickasaw, 77, 107, 
 109; desert, 113-15, 117, 129 
 
 Illinois River, 289 
 
 Illinois Territory, formation of, 
 460 
 
 Indiana, admission to Union, 293- 
 96, 301 ; Enabling Act : chron- 
 ology, 314-15; original form, 
 316-17; coverlets and coverlet 
 weavers, 395-433 ; early land 
 system, 238-39 ; internal im- 
 provement system, 342-44, 359- 
 60 ; Knights of Golden Circle 
 in, 376-77 ; Moravian settle- 
 ments in, see Moravian Church ; 
 northern boundary, article on: 
 289-321 ; map, 291 ; cities af- 
 fected, 292, 312-13; attempt to 
 extend line north, 296; list of 
 maps showing Ordinance line, 
 297 ; importance of decision, 
 312-13, act appointing commis- 
 sioners to adjust boundary, 
 318; bibliography, 319-21 ; sur- 
 vey, 301 ; river trade, see 
 Evansville channels of trade, 
 32S-77 ; state parks, 313 ; south- 
 ern boundary, 26 ; state flower, 
 23311 
 
 Indiana Gazette, established, 451-52 
 
 Indiana Territory, organized, 292, 
 293, 444; census of 1815, p. 
 293 ; acts of early legislatures, 
 448-50 ; jurisdiction over 
 Louisiana Territory, 452-53 
 
 Indianapolis (Ind.), early railroad 
 connections, 23, 362 ; becomes 
 capital, 460; land office, 239; 
 mentioned, 236 
 
 Indians, routes south from Lake 
 Michigan, 186, 187. See also 
 Chickasaw, Delaware, Illinois, 
 Iroquois, Miami, Treaties 
 
 Ingle, John, president Crawfords- 
 ville-Indianapolis Railroad, 365 
 
 Ingles family, 168 
 
 Internal improvements, 25-26, 27, 
 44-47, 220-21, 340-42, 359-60, 
 363n; in Ohio, 268-69, 273, 
 282, 283, 284, 292 
 
 Iroquois Indians, with Dartagui- 
 ette, 109-15; bravery, 115-17, 
 129 
 
 Island Number Ten, 338, 339 
 
 Ives le Libris, 119 
 
 Jackson, President Andrew, _ ap- 
 points commissioners for Michi- 
 gan-Ohio boundary dispute, 
 310; mentioned, 169, 306 
 
472 
 
 Index 
 
 Jantalla (Chickasaw village), 137 
 
 Jasper (Enlow's Hill, Ind.), 4, 
 159, 161, i8on 
 
 Jefferson, Thomas, drafts Ordi- 
 nance of 1784, p. 289; Jeffer- 
 sonville named for, 446-47 
 
 Jefferson (Ohio), 292 
 
 Jeffersonville (Ind.), named for 
 Thomas Jefferson, 446-47 ; 
 prison, 10-11, 12 
 
 Jennings, Captain Darius, com- 
 mands river steamboat, 196 
 
 Jennings, Jonathan, attitude on 
 boundary dispute, 297-99 ; en- 
 mity toward Harrison, 455, 
 457-58; letter from DeWitt 
 Clinton on canals, 341 ; petition 
 for Indiana statehood, 294 
 
 Jennings County (Ind.), condition 
 of land in 1831, pp. 232-33 
 
 Jerger, Stephen J., 32 
 
 Johnson,, General Adam, raids, 374, 
 376 
 
 Johnson, Edmund, lawyer, 416 
 
 Johnson, John, 449 
 
 Johnson, Lee P., describes father's 
 keel-boat building, 188 : nar- 
 row escape, 192 ; arrival of 
 Matilda Barney, 194 
 
 Johnson, Peter, keel-boat builder 
 at South Bend, 187-90; pro- 
 prietor of Michigan Hotel, 195 
 
 Johnston, General Washington, 168- 
 
 69, 455 
 
 Johnston, Honest F., 445 
 
 Johnston, Rev. James Harvey, early 
 Presbyterian minister, 228, 229 
 
 Jolibois, , militia captain, 109 
 
 Jones, James G., 50 
 
 Jones, John, murder case of, 244- 
 45, 247, 252-54 
 
 Jones, John F., sheriff Bartholo- 
 mew County, 253n 
 
 Jones, John Rice, helps organize 
 Vincennes library, 456 
 
 Jones, Peter, auditor Indiana Ter- 
 ritory, 453, 454 
 
 Jones, William, of Spencer and 
 Dubois, 161 
 
 Julian, Benjamin F., of Warrick 
 and Dubois, 161 
 
 Julian, Jonathan H., of Warrick 
 and Dubois, 161 
 
 Juniata River, 282, 283 
 
 Kaskaskia, 437 
 
 Kean, Francis A., weaver, 401, 410, 
 411-12, 419-20 
 
 Keel boats, see Early transporta- 
 tion 
 
 Kelso, Daniel, of Switzerland 
 County, 35 
 
 Kentucky River, 224, 262 
 
 Kerns, William, weaver, 424 
 
 Kiel, University of, 206 
 
 King, Ben, poet of the St. Joseph, 
 
 ? 8 5 
 Kissinger, Thomas G., of Spencer 
 
 and Dubois, 161 
 
 Klein (Kline, Cline), John, weav- 
 er, 416-17 
 
 Klein, Lydia (Heiny), 417 
 
 Kline, J. F., 416 
 
 Kluge, John Peter, founds Mora- 
 vian mission on White River, 
 236 
 
 Knights of the Golden Circle, 376 
 
 Know Nothings, 31, 53 
 
 Knox County (Ind.), formation, 
 
 443 
 Kosciusko, General Frederic, 67 
 Kossuth (Ind.), 353 
 Kroener, F., and Son, Evansville 
 
 brewery, 369 
 Kumler, Daniel B., 173 
 
 La Buissoniere, Alphonse de, 109, 
 
 121 
 La Croix, corporal, 119 
 Lafayette (Ind.), canal rents and 
 
 tolls, 350 
 La Grange (Ind.), 292, 312 
 La Graviere, de, with Dartaguiette, 
 
 IQZ, 119, 131 
 La Graviere, Bel Ecars, 121 
 La Graviere, Cargueville, 121 
 La Graviere, Richardville, 121 
 Lake County (Ind.), first settler, 
 
 233n 
 Lake Erie, importance in boundary 
 
 dispute, 292f f . ; mentioned, 289, 
 
 347 
 Lake Michigan, importance in 
 
 boundary dispute, 292f f. ; men- 
 tioned, 289, 290 
 Lake of the Woods, 290 
 La Lande, Captain de, captured by 
 
 Chickasaw, 121, 131 
 Lamasco (Ind.), founded, 327; 
 
 canal near, 355 
 
Index 
 
 473 
 
 Lam son, Ed., 428 
 Landes, John, weaver, 405 
 Landon, John M., 194-95 
 Lane, Daniel C, of Harrison Coun- 
 ty, 300n 
 Lane, Joseph, 167, 169 
 Langlois, Lieutenant Estaing, 121, 
 
 131 
 
 La Plante, Pierre, 455 
 
 Larzelere, Claude, study of Michi- 
 gan boundary, 299 
 
 La Salle, Robert Cavelier, Sieur de, 
 186-87 
 
 Lasselle, Hyacinthe, 441, 454 
 
 La Tourette., Fred, 409, 419 
 
 La Tourette, Henry, weaver, 409 
 
 La Tourette, John (Jean) S., 
 weaver, 408-9, 412, 419 
 
 La Tourette, Sarah, weaver, 412, 
 432 
 
 La Tourette, Captain Schuyler, 
 408, 419 
 
 Laurel Hill, 221 
 
 Law, Judge John, 32, 327, 441 
 
 Law, William, founds Lamasco, 327 
 
 Lawrence, Marvin A., contract 
 with Wabash and Erie Canal 
 board, 355 
 
 Lazaretto, , 217 
 
 Le Blanc, , company of, 143 
 
 Leger, Francois, 119 
 
 Le Gras, Lieutenant Colonel, 440 
 
 Lehigh River (Lechai, Lechi), 205n 
 
 Leinbach, Brother John, Moravian 
 cooper, 240 
 
 Le Large, Joseph, 119 
 
 Lery, Sieur de, 81, 87, 91, 103 
 
 Le Sueur, Pierre Charles, 87 
 
 Lewis, Joseph, 294 
 
 Lexington (Ky.), 339 
 
 Licht, Valentine, of Spencer and 
 Dubois, 161 
 
 Licking River, 267, 268 
 
 Limbourg, cloth used in Indian 
 trade, 102-3 
 
 Lincoln, Abraham, environment in 
 Indiana, 151-70; letter refer- 
 ring to boyhood home, 145-46; 
 Sencer County contempo- 
 raries, 159; relations with John 
 A. Brackenridge, 163-64, 166; 
 with John Pitcher, 166 ; with 
 John M. Lockwood, 167 ; with 
 Judge De Bruler, 173-74; sup- 
 port in southwestern Indiana, 
 371-73 
 
 Lincoln Inquiry, The, instituted by 
 Southwestern Indiana Histori- 
 cal Society, 147, i55"57 
 
 Linden Hall Seminary, 2i3n 
 
 Lisbon (Ind.), 219 
 
 Lockhart, Ephraim L., 6 
 
 Lockhart, Judge James, article on : 
 3-69; birth, 3, 48, 50, 52, 57; 
 early political offices, 3, 48, 50, 
 53, 58 ; nominations for Con- 
 gress, 4-5 ; member of Con- 
 gress, 6, 7, 8, 23-27, 33, 48, 50, 
 58; reelected, 28-31, 47, 48, 49, 
 50, 54, 58; judge Fourth Judi- 
 cial Circuit, 5, 7, 8, 19, 48, 5°, 
 53 ; interest in prison reform, 
 10-12 ; member Constitutional 
 Convention (1850-51), 4, 6, 7, 
 9-22, 50, 53_, 58; superintends 
 construction marine hospital, 
 53; speeches, 35-40, 41 -44, 44- 
 47, 61-69; marriage, 7, 8; per- 
 sonal appearance, 6, 33-34 5 
 death, 3, 28, 31-32, 33, 47, 49, 
 56-57, 58; tributes at death, 
 47-61 
 
 Lockhart, Levi, of Warrick and 
 Dubois, 161 
 
 Lockhart, Sarah G. (Negley), 7, 
 8, 51 
 
 Lockwood, John M., 167-68 
 
 Log houses, 237-3S, 241, 442 
 
 Logansport (Ind.), 358 
 
 Lorenz, Peter, weaver, 423 
 
 Louisiana, under jurisdiction of In- 
 diana Territory, 45 2 ~53 
 
 Louisville (Ky.), corn exports, 
 367; trade connection with 
 Evansville, 332, 336 ; mentioned 
 222, 225-26, 329, 339 
 
 Louisville and Evansville packet 
 line, 331 
 
 Louisville and Memphis packet line, 
 330, 33i, 333 
 
 Loyalhanna River, 281 
 
 Lucas, Governor Robert, of Ohio, 
 303, 3io 
 
 Luckenbach, Abraham, founds Mo- 
 ravian mission on White River, 
 236 ; mentioned, 262 
 
 Lusser, M. de, with Bienville, 79% 
 85, 97, 143 
 
 Lutheran Church, 247 
 
 Lyon, Lucius, 298, 302, 309 
 
474 
 
 Index 
 
 McAfee-Mowrer Woollen Mills, 
 416 
 
 Mac Call, , founds Lamasco, 
 
 3,27 
 
 McCandless, John, tavern, 454 
 
 McCool, Benjamin, of Warrick 
 and Dubois, 161 
 
 McCulloch, Adam, 455 
 
 McGary, Hugh, 167, 326 
 
 Mcintosh, William, quarrel with 
 Harrison, 451-52 
 
 McKee, Samuel, 294, 456 
 
 McKinley, Henry C, of Spencer 
 and Dubois, 161 
 
 McKinney, James, weaver, 422 
 
 McKinney, James Jr., 422 
 
 McKinney, John, sheriff of Bar- 
 tholomew County, 253n 
 
 McKinney, John T., 422 
 
 McKinney, Mary (Polly), mar- 
 riage, 422 
 
 McMahan, William, in legislature, 
 
 165 
 McNamee, Dr. Elias, challenged to 
 
 duel, 452 ; helps organize Vin- 
 
 cennes library, 456 
 McNeill, Charles G., describes dyes, 
 
 401 ; describes loom house, 
 
 405-7 
 
 McNeill, Hannah Maher, 401 
 
 Madison (Ind.), visited by Von 
 Schweinitz, 225, 227-31, 261-62 
 
 Madison and Indianapolis Railroad, 
 242n 
 
 Madison County (Ind.), weavers, 
 424 
 
 Maidlow family, 168 
 
 Mammoth Bill, internal improve- 
 ment measure, 342-44, 360 
 
 Manwaring, Solomon, in first Con- 
 stitutional Convention, 30on 
 
 Marr, John, weaver, 423 
 
 Maryland, Von Schweinitz' journey 
 through, 217-21 
 
 Mason, Governor Stevens T., of 
 Michigan, activities during 
 Ohio-Michigan boundary dis- 
 pute, 307, 3io 
 
 Masonic Hall, Indianapolis, consti- 
 tutional convention meets in, 19 
 
 Masson, , 121 
 
 Maumee River, importance of in 
 boundary dispute, 292-93, 305-6 
 
 Mayer, Mrs. Ann, 431-32 
 
 Maysville (Ind.), 347 
 
 Membrede, , 143 
 
 Memphis (Tenn.), 332, 339 
 
 Methodists, early ministers, 451 
 
 Mexican War, 19 
 
 Miami Canal, 263 
 
 Miami Indians, with Dartaguiette, 
 
 109; desert, 1 13-15, 129 
 Miami River, 224 
 Michigan, boundary dispute, 292, 
 
 299, 300, 301-12 ; Knights of 
 
 Golden Circle in, 376 
 Michigan City (Ind.), 292, 313 
 Michigan Southern and Northern 
 
 Indiana Railroad, 197 
 Middletown (Ohio), 265 
 Milburn, William Henry, 151, 153 
 Militia, early musters, 230, 232, 450 
 Miller, Jacob H., contract with 
 
 Wabash and Erie Canal board, 
 
 355 
 Miller, Mrs. Mary M., weaver, 
 
 402 
 Miller (Milton), Robert, weaver. 
 
 421-22 
 Miller, Smith, 27-28, 48 
 Millis, Mrs. Valina (Reynolds), 
 
 404 
 Milton, Robert, see Miller, Robert 
 Mining industries, coal, near Evans- 
 
 ville, 325 
 Mishawaka (Ind.), 292, 312 
 Mississinewa River, 342 
 Mississippi and Ohio Railroad, 330, 
 
 33i 
 
 Mississippi River, 289, 290, 327, 
 . 358 
 
 Mississippi Territory, 295 
 
 Missouri, Knights of the Golden 
 Circle in, 376 
 
 Mitchell, John, map, 297 
 
 Mitchell, John, of Evansville, 329 
 
 Mobile, 75, 77, 79, 85, 105, 127 
 
 Moffit, Hosea, 294 
 
 Monongahela River, 221, 276 
 
 Monroe, James, report on the west- 
 ern country, 289-90 
 
 Montbrun, Sieur de, 91, 97 
 
 Montcharvaux, Sieur de, 109, 117, 
 
 133 
 
 Monte Jean , 121 
 
 Montgomery, Larkin, of Warrick 
 
 and Dubois, 161 
 Moore, Jennie (Reeves), 4i3n 
 Moravian Church, in Pennsylvania 
 
 and North Carolina, 205-7 ; 
 
 founded in Goshen (Hope, 
 
 Ind.), 208, 209-11, 239-40; Pro- 
 
Index 
 
 475 
 
 vincial Helpers' Conference, 
 205, 213, 214, 251, 272; Provin- 
 cial Elders' Conference, 209- 
 iij mission to Delaware Indi- 
 ans, 236; Sunday School sys- 
 tem,, 247 ; ideals, 251 ; celebra- 
 tion of Lord's Supper, 255-59 ; 
 settlement at Gnaddenhutten, 
 Ohio, 269-73 ; unfortunate land 
 purchase, 270 
 Morgan, Goodlet, contract with 
 Wabash and Erie Canal board, 
 
 355 
 Morgan, General John, threatens 
 
 Evansville, 374 ; mentioned, 
 
 376 
 Morgantown (Ky.), 331 
 Morrow, Jeremiah, of Ohio, 294, 
 
 295, 298 
 "Mosquito fleet," in Civil War, ZZ7 
 Mount Carmel (111.), 23, 361 
 Mount Vernon (Ind.), 334 
 Mueller, Dr., in charge of museum 
 
 at Economy, 280 
 Muir, Charles, 4i8n 
 Muir, Elmer, 4i8n 
 Muir, Harriett (Gilchrist), 417 
 Muir, James, 418 
 Muir, John, weaver, 417-18 
 Muir, Robert, weaver, 419 
 Muir, Thomas, weaver, 417, 418 
 Muir, Thomas, 419 
 Muir, Thomas, in Civil War, 418 
 Muir, William, weaver, 407 
 Muir, William, in Civil War, 418 
 Muir, William, weaver, 418-19 
 Murphy, Miles, 415 
 Muskingum River, 224, 268 
 Murr, Rev. J. Edward, 158, 163, 164 
 Muzzey, David S., 150 
 Mylor, Alford, of Spencer and 
 
 Dubois, 161 
 
 Nash, Matilda, 426 
 
 Nash, Susan Betts, 426 
 
 Nashville (Tenn.), trade connec- 
 tion with Evansville, 332 
 
 Natchez, fort at (1763), 83 
 
 Natchez Indians, Bienville wishes 
 to attack, 91-93, 101 ; with 
 Chickasaw against Dartagui- 
 ette, 117, 137, 141 
 
 Natchitoches, garrison aids Bien- 
 ville expedition, yy 
 
 National Road, 220, 341 
 
 Nazareth (Pa.), 206 
 
 Nazareth Hall, Moravian school, 
 206, 217 
 
 Negley, David, 7, 8 
 
 Negroes, discussed in Constitution- 
 al Convention (1850-51), 13-15, 
 serve with Bienville against 
 Chickasaw, 81, 89, 95 ; slavery 
 at Vincennes, 449; troops in 
 Evansville, Ind., 373 
 
 Netterville, Mrs. J. J., 398, 407 
 
 Newark (Ohio), 267 
 
 Newberry (Ind.), Wabash and 
 Erie Canal near, 347, 354, 355, 
 358 
 
 Newburg (Ind.), 30, 374 
 
 New Comerstown (Ohio), 269 
 
 New Harmony (Ind.), Fanny 
 Wright at, 23411; Rappite set- 
 tlement, 226^ 277n, 278; men- 
 tioned, 159, 160 
 
 New Harmony and Nashoba Ga- 
 zette, 234n 
 
 New Holland (Ind.), Moravian 
 settlement, 226n 
 
 New Madrid, 338, 339 
 
 New Madrid, district of Louisiana 
 Territory, 452 
 
 New Market (Md.), 219 
 
 New Orleans (La.), trade connec- 
 tion with Evansville, 330, 331, 
 334-35, 366-67, 368, 370; with 
 Vincennes, 439, 441, 455 ; men- 
 tioned, yy, 222 
 
 New Salem (West Salem, 111.), 
 Moravian settlement near, 226n 
 
 Niblack, Judge William E., mem- 
 ber of Congress, 28, 29, 32, 57- 
 59 
 
 Nicholson, Meredith, 162 
 
 Niesky (Germany), 206 
 
 Niles, John B., of La Porte Coun- 
 ty, 36, 38 
 
 Niles (Mich.), 187, 192, 194, 195, 
 198 
 
 Noble, Governor Noah, of Indiana, 
 on state boundary dispute, 308 
 
 Nolan, Timothy, of Warrick and 
 Dubois, 161 
 
 Northwest Territory, division 
 planned for, 289-92; early 
 posts in, 437 ; first American 
 flag in, 440; Knox County 
 founded in, 443 
 
476 
 
 Index 
 
 Noyan, Chevalier de, with Bien- 
 ville expedition, 79, 85, 95, 97, 
 103 
 
 Nune, Dr. Richard de, 182 
 
 Nune, Mary de, 182 
 
 Nune, Joseph, weaver, 424 
 
 Oetibia River, 85, 87 
 
 Offogoulas Indians, 83 
 
 Oglethorpe, James, ransoms Rich- 
 ardville and Courtoreille, 137 
 
 Ohio, Knights of Golden Circle in, 
 376 ; northern boundary dis- 
 pute, 292-93, 298, 303, 305-12; 
 Von Schweinitz journeys 
 through (1831), 263-75 
 
 Ohio and Mississippi Railroad, 348, 
 352, 359, 361, 362, 366 
 
 Ohio River, traffic on, 222ff.; as 
 boundary, 290, 295 ; in connec- 
 tion with Evansville trade, 
 325ff- 
 
 Oldfield, Ann, 412 
 
 Oldfield, James, 412 
 
 Olney (111.). 22611, 361 
 
 Ordinance of 1784, p. 289 
 
 Ordinance of 1787, provisions for 
 division of Northwest Terri- 
 tory, 290-91 , 304-5 ; mentioned 
 298, 299, 300, 303 
 
 Orr, Joseph, 12 
 
 Osborn, Arthur, 397, 403, 405, 409 
 
 Otter Creek, 353 
 
 Owen, Dr. David Dale, geological 
 work, 25 
 
 Owen, Robert, 277n 
 
 Owensboro, (Ky.), 332 
 
 Packet boats, see Early transporta- 
 tion, steamboats 
 
 Paducah (Ky.), trade connection 
 with Evansville, 330, 336; 
 seized by Grant, 338 
 
 Page, Madame, 450 
 
 Painesville (Ohio), 292 
 
 Palmer^ Samuel, of Warrick and 
 Dubois, 161 
 
 Pantaloon, servant to Dartaguiette, 
 
 115 
 
 Parisien, account of Dartaguiette's 
 defeat, 129-33 
 
 Parke, Benjamin, proslavery atti- 
 tude, 449 ; challenges Mcintosh, 
 452 ; helps organize Vincennes 
 library, 456; on university 
 board of trustees, 457 
 
 Parke County (Ind.), weavers, 
 417-19, 424 
 
 Patoka (Ind.), 27, 345 
 
 Patoka River, 345-46 
 
 Patterson, Billy, spokesman for 
 Delaware Indians, 447 
 
 Paxson, Frederic L., 150 
 
 Pearse, Milton, 177 
 
 Peavey, Viola (Muir), 418 
 
 Peeden's Mill (Charlestown, Ind.), 
 411, 420 
 
 Pennsylvania, Von Schweinitz' 
 journey through (1831), 221, 
 276-84 
 
 Pennsylvania Canal, 281, 282, 283, 
 284 
 
 Perry, Elizabeth (Craig), 4i3n 
 
 Perry County (Ind.), interest in 
 new county, 15-16 
 
 Perryville (Ky.), 339 
 
 Peter, David, 271 
 
 Petersburg (Ind.), 32, 347, 350, 
 352, 353 
 
 Petit, , 143 
 
 Phelps, Hal C, 400, 402 
 
 Philadelphia (Pa.), Von Schwei- 
 nitz visits, 214, 215 
 
 Philips, Brother, 210 
 
 Pierce, President Franklin, 53 
 
 Pigeon Creek, 327, 346, 349, 352, 
 358 
 
 Piper, B. B., 23 
 
 Pitcher, John, Lincoln contempo- 
 rary, 159, 165, 166, 173, 177, 181 
 
 Pittsburgh (Pa.), (1831), 221, 
 222ff., 276; glassworks, 442; 
 steamboat construction ( 1855- 
 70), 381 
 
 Plainfield (Ind.), boys' school at, 
 11, 12 
 
 Plum, Leveret, steamboat engineer 
 on St. Joseph, 194 
 
 Pocket of Indiana, 3, 23, 31, 48, 
 364, 366, 370, 371 
 
 Point Commerce (Ind.), 342 
 
 Polke, Richard, in legislature, 165 
 
 Pond River, 331, 332 
 
 Port Gibson (Ind.), canal reser- 
 voir, 349 
 
 Portages, 186 
 
 Porter, Mrs. D. A., 402 
 
 Posey, Governor Thomas, lives at 
 Lasselle tavern, 454 
 
 Posey County (Ind.), Judge Lock- 
 hart represents, 10, 21 
 
 Post routes, early, 25, 26, 456-57 
 
Index 
 
 477 
 
 Post St. Vincent, sec Vincennes 
 Potts family, 168 
 Potts, George, i68n 
 Prairie Creek, canal acqueduct, 356 
 Presbyterians, pre-revival meetings, 
 227-30; early ministers, 228n, 
 
 451 
 Prince, Captain William, 449, 453 
 Princeton (Ind.), first train ar- 
 
 riyal, 361-62; mentioned, 159, 
 
 160 
 Princeton Courier, 30-31 
 Proffitt, George H., 5, 18, 32-33 
 Proske, Brother John, Moravian 
 
 missionary, 237, 240, 243 
 Pulaski, Count Casimir, 67 
 
 Railroads, see Early transportation 
 
 Raleigh, Mrs., 164 
 
 Ramseyer, Mrs. Emma, 425 
 
 Randolph, John, of Virginia, 294 
 
 Randolph, Thomas, proslavery atti- 
 tude, 449; challenges Dr. Mc- 
 Namee, 452 
 
 Rapp, George, settlement at Econ- 
 omy, Pa., 277-80 
 
 Rapp, Frederick, 277, 280 
 
 Ravenscraft, Stephen, of Spencer 
 and Dubois, 161 
 
 Ray, Squire, 244-45, 247, 249-50, 
 252-54 
 
 Reed, John, 294 
 
 Reeves, Jane (Craig), 4i3n 
 
 Reilly, Owen, 459 
 
 Reinhard, George L., 173 
 
 Republicans, in southwestern Indi- 
 ana, 372, 373 
 
 Revolutionary War, 439, 441 
 
 Reynolds, Delilah, weaver, 404 
 
 Rice, John, 284 
 
 Richardville, Drouet, Sieur de, re- 
 port on Dartaguiette's expedi- 
 tion, 133-43; brother killed, 
 J 35 1 captured by Chickasaw, 
 135-37; escape, 137; ransomed, 
 137 
 
 Ried, Ludwig, 237, 240-41, 254, 256 
 
 Riggs, B. W., and company, wool- 
 len factory, 406 
 
 Roberts, , 282 
 
 Robinson, Solon, sketch of, 233n 
 
 Robinson, W. D., 424 
 
 Rochefort, , 121 
 
 Rockport (Ind.), 160, 162, 163, 172 
 
 Rock port Democrat, 31 
 
 Rominger, Lewis, Methodist ex- 
 horter, 257 
 
 Rominger, Samuel, founder of 
 Goshen (Hope, Ind.), 24m 
 
 Rominger, Sandford A., 20811 
 
 Roosevelt, Theodore, 151, 152 
 
 Ross, Moses, 329 
 
 Rothrock, Friedrich, 254-55 
 
 Rough Creek, 331, 332 
 
 Rush, Richard, commissioner in 
 Ohio-Michigan boundary dis- 
 pute, 310 
 
 Rush County (Ind.), weavers, 424 
 
 St. Ange, Robert Jean Groston, 
 Sieur de, with Dartaguiette ex- 
 pedition, 107, 115, 119, 131, 
 i33n 
 
 St. Charles, district of Louisiana 
 Territory, 452 
 
 St. Cire, , 121 
 
 St. Francis River, 330 
 
 St. Francis Xavier, church of, 
 Vincennes, 440 
 
 St. Genevieve, district of Louisiana 
 Territory, 452 
 
 St. Joseph (Ind.), trading post at, 
 187 ; harbor improvement need- 
 ed, 198 
 
 St. Joseph River (River of the Mi- 
 amis, River of the Lakes), 
 course, 185 ; portage, 186 ; trad- 
 ing post, 187; keel boats on, 
 187-93 ; steamboats on, 193-97 ; 
 produce, 198; attempt to move 
 Indiana boundary north to, 296 
 
 St. Juzan, Sieur de, 97 
 
 St. Louis (Mo.), trade connections, 
 362, 363 
 
 St. Louis, district of Louisiana 
 Territory, 452 
 
 Sainte Therese, Sieur de, 83 
 
 Salebury (Ohio), 269 
 
 Salem (N. C), important Mora- 
 vian settlement, 205n, 206, 
 208, 226n, 237 
 
 Saline lands, prices reduced (1852), 
 24-25 
 
 Saline Springs, 448 
 
 Salmon, M. de, 77 
 
 Saltsman, Philip J., of Spencer 
 and Dubois, 161 
 
 Sandburg, Carl, 158 
 
 Sargent, Winthrop, organizes Knox 
 County, 443 
 
 Savat, , 121 
 
478 
 
 Index 
 
 Schonhoff, Joseph, of Spencer and 
 Dubois, 161 
 
 Schulz, Brother Jacob, founds 
 Moravian Church, 210 
 
 Schulz, Captain, 227, 263-65 
 
 Schweinitz, John Christian Alex- 
 ander von, 205 
 
 Schweinitz, Lewis David von, re- 
 port on journey from Bethle- 
 hem, Pa., to Goshen, Ind., 
 213-85; sketch of, 205-7; 
 journey from Bethlehem to 
 Madison, Ind., 214-26; at 
 Madison, 227-31 ; holds ser- 
 vices, 246-48, 253-59, 260-61, 
 271-72, 273 ; return from 
 Columbus, Ind., to Gnadenhut- 
 ten, Ohio, 261-69; at Gnaden- 
 hutten, 269-73 ; journey from 
 Gnadenhutten to Bethlehem, 
 
 273-85 
 Scioto River, 224 
 Scotch, settlement in Pleasant 
 
 Township, Switzerland Co., 
 
 427 
 
 Scott, , founds Lamasco, 327 
 
 Scott, Reverend Samuel T., early 
 
 Presbyterian minister, 451 ; 
 
 teacher in Vincennes Universi- 
 ty, 457 
 Senat, Father Antoine, captured by 
 
 Chickasaw, 121, 125, 131 ; death 
 
 of, 125-27, 135 
 Serard, Cadet, 119 
 Seymour, Edmund B., 50 
 Shackleford, General James M., 
 
 173 
 Shake, Curtis, 457 
 Shakers, 264 
 
 Shanklin, James M., 173 
 Shanklin brothers, editors of 
 
 Evansville Courier, 327 
 Sharon (Ohio), 205, 213, 271 
 Sharp, Sarah, 174 
 Shawnee Indians, with Chickasaw 
 
 against Dartaguiette, 117 
 Shawneetown (If!.), 334 
 Sherritt, John H., 432 
 Sherritt, Mrs. Margaret, 432 
 Sherwood, Marcus, of Evansville, 
 
 329 
 Shrode, John W., of Warrick and 
 
 Dubois, 161 
 
 Shrontz, , weaver, 424 
 
 Shroyer, Esther (Hoover), 421 
 Shroyer, Henry, 421 
 
 Shuttlecraft Guild (Cambridge, 
 Mass.), 405 
 
 Simpson, Ann (Glenn), 428 
 
 Simpson, George, weaver, 424, 427- 
 28 
 
 Simpson, Dr. Robert, 428 
 
 Slavery, see Negroes 
 
 Small, John, of Vincennes, 443-44 
 
 Smith, Dr. Charles, helps organize 
 Vincennes library, 456 
 
 Smith, Clarence H., 415 
 
 Smith, James, of Gibson County, 
 30on 
 
 Smith, Oliver H., 162-63, 364 
 
 Snyder, John, 423 
 
 Solon (Clark Co., Ind.), 233n 
 
 Solon (Jennings Co., Ind.), Von 
 Schweinitz visits, 233-34, 261 
 
 Soulier Rouge (Choctaw chief), 
 joins Bienville forces, 81-83; 
 distrusted, 89-91 ; urges aban- 
 donment of French, 101 
 
 South Bend (Ind.), portage at, 186; 
 first keel boat, 187 ; merchan- 
 dise, 193, 197-98 
 
 South Bend Manufacturing Com- 
 pany, build dam and lock on 
 St. Joseph, 199 
 
 Southwestern Indiana Historical 
 Society, institutes Lincoln In- 
 quiry, 147 
 
 Spach, Brother Charles, 250 
 
 Spade, Michael, of Spencer and 
 Dubois, 161 
 
 Spaugh, Eliza, marriage, 226n 
 
 Spaugh, Joseph, founder of Goshen 
 (Hope, Ind.), 24m 
 
 Spencer County, (Ind.), interest in 
 new county, 15-16; connection 
 with Dubois and Warrick, 161 ; 
 court records destroyed, 163 ; 
 mentioned, 147, 151. See also 
 Lincoln environment in Indi- 
 ana 
 
 Spring Creek, 353 
 
 Springfield (Ohio), 265, 266 
 
 Stage coaches, see Early transpor- 
 tion 
 
 State Housej 19 
 
 Steamboats, see Early transporta- 
 tion 
 
 Stephenson, Dr. E., 32 
 
 Steubenville (Ohio), 274, 275 
 
 Stinger, Samuel, weaver, 424 
 
 Stone, Captain of Steamboat Poto- 
 mac, 222 
 
Index 
 
 479 
 
 Stout, Elihu, Vincennes editor, 451 ; 
 helps organize Vincennes li- 
 brary, 456; mentioned, 455 
 
 Stow, Mrs. Uzzia, 428 
 
 Striebig, John, weaver, 424 
 
 Stromier, Xavier, of Spencer and 
 Dubois, 161 
 
 Strunsky, Simeon, 150 
 
 Stuart, L. G., on Indiana boundary, 
 300 
 
 Susquehanna River, 282, 283, 284 
 
 Swiss, with Bienville, 73, 85, 95. 
 99, 103, 143 ; settlers at Madi- 
 son, 231 
 
 Switzerland County (Ind.), cover- 
 let weavers and weaving, 424, 
 425-29 
 
 Symmes, Judge John Cleves, 445 
 
 Tarbell, Ida M., letter to Judge 
 Iglehart, 157 
 
 Taylor, Waller, 449, 457 
 
 Tecumseh (Shawnee chief), con- 
 ferences at Grouseland, 446, 
 448 
 
 Teel, William Ross, 410, 411, 420 
 
 Tennessee River, 325, 327, 328, 330, 
 3J58 
 
 Terre Haute (Ind.), canal reve- 
 nues, 350, 355 ; mentioned, 342, 
 349, 354, 357, 359, 360, 362, 363 
 
 Terre Haute, Alton and St. Louis 
 Railroad, 362 
 
 Terre Haute and Indianapolis Rail- 
 road, 362 
 
 Thomas, David, 450-51, 457 
 
 Thompson, Ritchie, weaver, 424 
 
 Thompson, Samuel, brickmaker, 
 
 445 
 
 Thompson, William, of Spencer, 
 and Dubois, 161 
 
 Thornburg, Jacob, 415 
 
 Three Rivers (Mich.), 190, 199 
 
 Tippecanoe, Battle of, memorial 
 proposed, 19 
 
 Tipton, Senator John, on state 
 boundary dispute, 305, 306-7, 
 308, 312; mentioned, 309 
 
 Toledo (Ohio), freight to Evans- 
 ville, 353, 354, 357; mentioned, 
 292 
 
 Toledo, Wabash and Western rail- 
 road, 363 
 
 Toledo War, see Ohio, northern 
 boundary dispute 
 
 Tonti, Henri de, 186-87 
 
 Tough Creek, Moravian settle- 
 ment, 226n, 236 
 
 Transportation, see Early transpor- 
 tation 
 
 Treaties, Grouseland, 446, 448 
 
 Trees and forests, in southern In- 
 diana, 231, 232, 233, 237, 241- 
 42, 258, 325 
 
 Trimble, , 193 
 
 Trueblood, C. L., 414 
 
 Tuihtheran, George, of Spencer 
 and Dubois, 161 
 
 Turner, Frederick J., 148, 149, 150, 
 
 .151, 155 
 Twineham, Mrs. Agnes Lockhart, 
 
 50 
 Tombekbe (Tombigbee), 79-85, 
 
 103-5 
 Tomes, 105 
 Tonica woman, captured from 
 
 Chickasaw, 113, 117; tells of 
 
 Dartaguiette's death, 125 
 Tonty, Cadet de, 119, 135 
 
 Uhlhorn, , 217, 218 
 
 Union County (Ind.), weaver, 421 
 Uniontown (Pa.), 221 
 United Brethren, see Moravian 
 church 
 
 Vander Burgh, Henry, of Vin- 
 cennes, 444, 456 
 
 Vanderburgh County (Ind.), Judge 
 Lockhart represents, 10, 21 ; 
 eastern boundary, 167 ; English 
 settlement, 168, i8on; organi- 
 zation, 326; vote on subscrip- 
 tion to railroad, 361 ; politics, 
 37iff- 
 
 Vanderburgh County Museum and 
 Historical Society, receives 
 Cawson library, 168 
 
 Vanderek, Sieur, commands fort, 
 89 
 
 Vandever, Thomas, in legislature, 
 165 
 
 Van Vleck, Brother Jacob, 210, 
 284 
 
 Veatch, Isaac, in legislature, 165 
 
 Veatch, James C, campaign for 
 Congress, 29-31, 54; mentioned, 
 165 
 
 Velle, Sieur de, 97 
 
 Verlam, Mrs. Johanna, 430 
 
 Vernon, , 455 
 
480 
 
 Index 
 
 Vernon (Ind.), 232, 233n, 261 
 
 Vigo, Colonel Francis, fur trader, 
 441 ; house offered governor, 
 444; proslavery attitude, 449; 
 helps organize Vincennes 
 library, 456; mentioned 453 
 
 Vigo County (Ind.), citizens ask 
 extension of Wabash and Erie 
 Canal, 342; weavers, 419-20 
 
 Vincennes, Sieur de, with Darta- 
 guiette, 107, 119, 131 
 
 Vincennes (Post Vincennes, Post 
 St. Vincent), article on early 
 life in, 437-60; before 1800, pp. 
 437-38 ; fur trade, 438, 441 \ 
 types of houses, 439, 442, 444, 
 450-51; British barracks at, 
 440 ; early industries, 442-43, 
 458; as capital of Indiana 
 Territory, 444-60; treaty at, 
 446, 448 ; borough created, 450 ; 
 duelling at, 452 ; notable din- 
 ners at, 453; early taverns, 
 454-55; library, 455~57 ; rail- 
 road junction, 361, 362, 363; 
 starting point for boundary 
 line, 290, 295 ; mentioned, 159, 
 160, 331 
 
 Vincennes University, establish- 
 ment, 453, 457-58 
 
 Vinton, Samuel F., of Ohio, 304 
 
 Virginia, cession to United States, 
 289, 290 
 
 Vogel, , weaver, 424 
 
 Volney, Constantin F., describes 
 Vincennes in 1796, p. 437 
 
 Wabash and Erie Canal, construc- 
 tion and route, 340-48 ; in oper- 
 ation, 348-60; railroad compe- 
 tition, 348, 350, 352, 363; lock 
 system, 349 ; commodities car- 
 ried, 335, 350, 357-58, 366, 367- 
 68; hurt by Civil War, 358; 
 mentioned, 332, 337 
 
 Wabash River, liability to flood, 
 233 ; as boundary, 290, 295 ; 
 trade connection with Evans- 
 ville, 336; mentioned, 330 
 
 Walhonding River (White Woman) 
 225, 268, 269 
 
 Wallace, Governor David, at canal 
 celebration, 344 
 
 Wallace, George, Junior, and Com- 
 pany, store at Vincennes, 447 
 
 Walton, Brother Boas, 272 
 
 Wanamaker, Mary, 430 
 
 Wannboro (111.), 22611 
 
 War of 1812, gives impetus to 
 western settlement, 340 
 
 Warren's schoolhouse, Moravian 
 meeting house, 22(5n 
 
 Warrick County, connection with 
 Dubois and Spencer, 161 ; to- 
 bacco output, 369 
 
 Wartman, Mrs. James W., 178 
 
 Washington (Ind.), railroad to, 
 365 
 
 Washington County (Ind.), cover- 
 let weaving in, 421-22, 433 
 
 Watteville, Baron de, 207n 
 
 Wayne County (Ind.), weavers, 
 423, 424 
 
 Wedding, Charles L., 173 
 
 Welsh, , 282 
 
 West, Willis Mason, 148 
 
 Western Sun (Vincennes, Ind.), 
 accounts of dinners, 453 
 
 Wheeler family, 168 
 
 Wheeler, Mark, i8on 
 
 Wheeler, Dr. Thomas, i8on 
 
 Whigs, 8, 370f f. 
 
 Whisler, John, weaver, sketch of, 
 
 423, 43i 
 Whisler, Sanford, 423 
 Whitcomb, Governor James, 5, 7, 
 
 23, 53 
 White, Captain, steamboat cap- 
 tain on St. Joseph River, 194 
 White River, 233, 330, 342, 347 
 Whiting (Ind.), 292 
 Wiley, F. M., 399 
 Williams, Jesse L., 356 
 Wilson, David, steamboat captain 
 
 on St. Joseph River, 194 
 Wilson, Emma, 423 
 Wilson, George R., letter to Judge 
 
 Iglehart, 161 
 Wilson Henry, weaver, 424 
 Wilson, Mrs. Magdalena Hiner, 
 
 400-1 
 Winans, Reverend William, early 
 
 Methodist minister, 451 
 Winchester, William, visited by 
 
 Von Schweinitz, 217-18 
 Winston-Salem ( N. C), see Salem 
 Wisconsin, southern boundary, 292 
 Wiseman, Naomi (Bray), 426 
 Witherspoon, Maggie, 427 
 Witherspoon family, weavers, 427, 
 
 428 
 Worthington (Ind.), 350, 357 
 
Wright, Frances (Mrs. 
 
 d'Arusmont), 234 
 Wright, Governor Joseph 
 Wuensch, Brother, 269 
 
 Index 
 Frances 
 
 481 
 
 Youhiogheny River, 221 
 Young, Mrs. James (Craig), 415 
 Young, Matthew, weaver, 414, 415 
 Young, Nathan, verses on river 
 boats, 196 
 
 Zehender, , 231, 265 
 
 Zeisberger, Brother, 272 
 
 Zeller, Mrs. L. P., 423 
 
 Ziegler, Daniel, founder of Goshen 
 (Hope), 240-4in; opposes 
 John Jones, 244-45 ; confirma- 
 tion, 254, 256-57 
 
 Zinzendorf, Count, 205, 207n, 279 
 
 Zoar (Ohio), 272 
 
LIFE IN OLD VINCENNES 
 
 By 
 LEE BURNS 
 
 Indiana Historical 
 
 Society Publications 
 
 Volume 8 
 
 Number 9 
 
 INDIANAPOLIS 
 PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY 
 
 1929 
 
INDIANA HISTORICAL SOCIETY PUBLICATIONS 
 
 VOLUME VIII 
 
 No. 1. Judge James Lockhart 
 By George R. Wilson 
 
 No. 2. Indiana's First War 
 
 Translated by Caroline and Eleanor Dunn 
 
 No. 3. The Environment of Abraham Lincoln in 
 Indiana with an Account of the De Bruler 
 Family 
 
 By John E. Iglehart and Eugenia Ehrmann 
 
 No. 4. Early Navigation on the St. Joseph River 
 By Otto M. Knoblock 
 
 No. 5. A Journey to Goshen (Hope), Bartholomew 
 County in 1831 
 By Lewis David von Schweinitz 
 
 No. 6. The Northern Boundary of Indiana 
 By Mrs. Frank J. Sheehan 
 
 No. 7. Evansville's Channels of Trade and the 
 Secession Movement 1850-65 
 By Daniel W\ Snepp 
 
 No. 8. Indiana Coverlets and Coverlet Weavers 
 By Kate Milner Rabb