f UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY Class Book Volume Ja 09-20M 4 v 4 Supplied by the .Museum 3Boofc Store, 43, Museum street, London, w.c. 4 ' j -• i • • r ;v--. - ' V. v t a ■ * 1 ■■ f /*, ' l • • • . « f t - ‘ V f - Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2019 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign https://archive.org/details/memoirsconsidera01ashl_0 / MEMOIRS AND CONSIDERATIONS CONCERNING The Trade and Revenues of the Britijh Colonies in AMB RICA. w I T H Proposals for rendering thofe Colonies more Beneficial to Great Britai \ _ * __ By JOHN ASHLET E% L 0 N D 0 N: Printed for C. Co r b e t t, Bookfeller and Publifner at Addifori* s Head in Fleetftreet % E. Com yns, under the Royal Exchange ; and J. J ol l i ff e , in St. Jamef s Street. 1740. V. • X ■s , A t—S" ' ' &-<*« '* K PREFACE. Ji ST a £ & < sf - _ are approved or difiked according to the various Concerns or Interefi of thofe to whom they have been communicated : Some are of Opinion , that the taking off feveral RefriElions contained in the Law lately paffed for granting Liberty to carry Sugar diredlly from the Sugar Ifands to foreign Markets , is abjolutely necefary to e?iforce the Operation of that Law ; Others al- ledge t that the illegal Importation of foreign Sugar , Rum y and Molaffes A into v fi- >>- 5 g • y t 3 P ( iv ) . , into Britifh Dominions, ’without paying the Duties thofe Commodities are lia¬ ble to by Law, and in fome Cafes without paying any Duties at all, is a heavy Grievance, and requires a fpeedy Remedy ; and that a farther Rncouragement for the Confumption of Rum in Great Britain will prove a reciprocal Advantage to this Kingdom and its Sugar Colonies : Some think the Regulation of the Currency andlnterefi of Money in the Colonies requires the Attention of the Legiflature ; di¬ thers would inf ft, that a farther eaftng or taking off the Duty of 44 per Cent. would contribute a good deal towards turning the Scale of the Sugar "Trade in favour of the Britifh Nation. And no doubt there are jome Opponents to every Point, fince the "Judgments of Mankind are too often biajfed and warpt , ( v ) warpt, by Self-Intereft or Caprice, in their Opinions on an Affair of this Nature ; however, I fubmit the De¬ termination of it to the Confideration of thofe, whofe Candour and Impar¬ tiality fets them above fuch groveling and contrasted Views. It, is, there - fore, at the requeft of feveral eminent Planters ..and Merchants, I have 2 offered every Part into the World, in order to fhew how far the Bri- tifli Legijlature have' already ad¬ vanced the general Inter eft of our American Colonies, and to lay a fecond Foundation (if I may be allowed the Fxpreffton) for the farther Confidera¬ tion of the fame Benevolent Spirits, who are always ready to fuccour and fupport every Branch of his Majefty s Dominions, fo far as is conftftent with the true Intereft of the Whole. As ( vi ) As the principal Motive that in¬ duced me to turn my Thoughts on this Topicky was to Jhew the many Ad¬ vantages that arife to this Nation from our American Colonies y and how thofe Advantages may y in my humble Opi¬ nion , be Jlill increafed ; I pall hope fome Good may arife from this Pttbli- cation y and that it may prove ufeful to all fair Traders , Planters , and Others inter efted in British America: This is the full Scope of my Deftgn-, and Succefs in it the Height of my Ambi¬ tion. I . . . * * ' • I 4 » -4 * f. *. * * . ^ r ' ‘ s . * y >> r \ E R RA TA. Page 9. Line 11. dele your. Page 92. Line 21. for 2§» read z\. Page 131. Line 11. for fer Trim dado, and tc Porto Rico , and alfo to carry their improved cc Sugar at a Duty of one per Cent . only, up- cc on Exportation to any of the Spanijh Ports fi£ in Europe , without firft importing them C£ into France , whilft your Majefly’s Subjeds £C are excluded from trading diredly to any cc of the Spanijh Ports, and are oblig’d to carry “ their Sugar firft into Great Britain (after “ paying a Duty of four and a half per Cent a cc in Specie here upon Exportation) before they * c can carry them any where elfej and are “ obliged upon exporting them afterwards c£ from Great Britain , to leave in England a •* * “ Duty of near two per Cent . and are put to. , \\ the Rifque of a double Voyage, befides the [ 7 1 - ' ft Charge of it, which amounts to above tweiv “ ty per Cent . more. III. [ 9 ] “Your Petitioners wholly depend, under tC God, on your Majefty’s confummate “ Wifdom, fovereign Power, and pater- “ nal Care, and humbly pray your Ma- 1 * * to be anfyvered^——faving what relates to a Trade [ ” ] Trade with the Spaniards , which the Aflien- to Contract hath hitherto obflrudted. And befides all this, for the Encourage¬ ment of the Growth of Coffee in the Plan¬ tations, the Duty on Importation here is fix Pence per Pound lefs, than for Coffee of Fo¬ reign Growth. 5 Geo. II. cap . 24. These Advantages and Amendments in our Sugar-Trade are apparently owing to pro¬ per Reprefentations to the Throne, and to the favourable Affiflance of the Auditor-General of the Plantations, and the Readinefs of other of our worthy Patriots, to make the Sugar Colonies fome Part of their Care, and to lay their Grievances before his tnpft Sacred Ma- jelly, who has thereupon {hewn frefh Inflam ces of his Paternal Care of his remotefl Subjects. And fince the real Advantages of our A - meric an Plantations to their Mother-Country, are now fo univerfally known, furely too much cannot be offer’d for fo valuable a Branch of the Britifh Dominions, on which the Wealth and Naval Power of Great Bri T tain does in great Meafure depend. Where¬ fore I fhall, to the belt of my Capacity, fet forth what I humbly apprehend may be flill requifite to give the Britijh Subje&s an Ad¬ vantage [ 12 ] vantage over Foreigners in the American Trade, and thereby render our Colonies more beneficial to their Mother-Country, which I will endeavour to do by offering my Senti¬ ments on the following Subjects, viz. I. On the Adi granting Liberty to carry Sugars from our Plantations diredly to foreign Markets, with fome Comparifons between the Englijh and French in regard to the Trade of the Sugar-Iflands in America. II. The evading the Payment of the Du¬ ties upon foreign Sugar, Rum, and Molaffes imported into Britijh Dominions.' III. The Confumption of Rum in Great Britain and Ireland. IV. The Regulation of Money through* out all his Majefly’s Colonies in America. V. On Interefi: upon Money in Colonies. VI. Th e Duty of four and a half per Cent , paid in Barbadoes and the Leeward IJlands. CHAP* [ *3 ] CHAP. II. On the A5l granting Liberty for carrying Sugar from the Britilh Sugar Plantations direffily to foreign Markets, withfc?ne Corn- far if ns between the French and Englilht in regard to the "Trade of the Sugar Tfands in America. D URING the laft Seffion of Parliament the Planters, Merchants and others, in- terefted in and trading to his Majefty’s Sugar Colonies in America , laid their humble Peti¬ tion and Reprefentation before the Honourable the Houfe of Commons, fetting forth the ma¬ ny Difficulties they laboured under, in regard to the Sugar-Trade. In purfuance of the faid Petition, a Bill was brought into the Houle for granting Liberty to carry Sugar direffly to foreign Markets: The Cafe in the Appen¬ dix, mark’d (N Q i.) was printed 5 and the laid Bill pafled into a Lav/, entitled, An Affi> & c. [ : *4 ] &c. An Abridgment of which is allb in the Appendix, mark’d (N° 2 .) But there are feveral Reftridtions contained in this A&, which it is apprehended will in great Meafure baulk the Operation of it j wherefore I '{hall mention a few that (in my humble Opinion) may be worthy of imme¬ diate Canfi deration. I. Excluding Ships built in our Ame¬ rican Plantations. II. Taking out Licences in Great Bri¬ tain only. III. All Owners of Ships in this Trade to relide in Great Britain , or the Sugar Bland's. IV. All Ships bound to the Nothern Ports of Europe , to touch and enter at fome Port in Great Britain in their way to fuch Nor¬ thern Ports. These Reftridrions at the Time of paffing the Adt, were thought by fome of our worthy Patriots to be of no Ufe, but rather a Preju¬ dice to the Britijh Trade in general, and to the Intention of this Law in particular. But as they were laid hold of by feveral Oppo¬ nents, who apprehended, and perhaps with¬ out any juft Grounds, that their feveral In- terefts might fome how or other be affedted [ 15 J by fo great a Change in fo confiderable a Branch of Commerce, it was thought beft to let them ftand for a while, rather than to rifque the whole. But as our Laws are not like thofe of the Medes and Perjians , unalter¬ able, this Law may receive fuch Changes, as may appear for the general Good of Great Britain , as well as for the Benefit of our Plantations in America ; to which end I fhall give my Sentiments diftindtly upon the laid Reftridtions. RESTRICTION I. Excluding Ships built in our American Plantations . To weigh this Point rightly, it will be pro- per to confider that thefe Plantation Ships are built and fitted chiefly with Woollen, Linnen* Leather, Iron, and other Produce and Mann- • . -N - • ’ ‘ ' fadtures of Great Britain , and fuch Ships are the principal Returns of fuch Goods fent to that Part of the World, diredtly from Great Britain , or of fuch as are, by a Circulation of Trade, bought of other Countries with our Produce and Manufadtures. The Materials for , ■ uO v / .j .. Cables and Sails, and great Part of the Iron Work [ 16 } Work and other Materials, are Tent from Great Britain and the Hull and Marts are, by means of this Trade, taken out of thole American Forefts, and exchanged for thofe Goods, and thereby raife Money to pay for fuch Produce and Manufactures. And fhould thefe Plantation-built Ships be difcouraged in other Branches of Trade, as they are in this one Inftance, Freight would be fo dear as to lofe the Britijh Nation, one of the greateft Advantages it now has over its greateft Rivals in Trade.- A low Freight 5 and from the great Traffick Great Britain now has, they muft, in fuch Cafe, be compelled to buy Ma¬ terials for building Ships of Foreigners, and for Cafli inftead of Britijh Goods, to the enrich¬ ing of Foreigners, and the Difcouragement of •all our American Colonies, as well as the Ex¬ portation of Britijh Products. And it was obferved when the Bill for the direCt Exporta¬ tion of Sugars was under Conlideration of the Parliament laft Year, that the refitting and fi- nilhing Plantation Ships upon their firft Arri¬ val into Great Britain , often gives as much Advantage to the Shipwrights as the building of new Ships. The L if ] The French take the Benefit of our Plan-* tation-built Ships to carry their Sugar direft- ly to Spain , and often pay for fuch Ships in Sugar, Rum and Molaffes of their own Plan¬ tation Growth, fo that they have in this In- ftance an Indulgence that we are by this Aft debar’d from. The Province of Caroli¬ na has this Advantage* without which the Ex¬ portation of Rice direftly to foreign Markets could not be carried on* and confequently there would be a Reftraint upon the Railing of Rice in Carolina , and alfo upon the Expor¬ tation of Goods from Great Britain , to raife that Rice as well as the Plantation-built Ships now ufed in this beneficial Trade, which re¬ turns to Great Britain at leaft 80,000 /. Sterling per Annum , including Freight and Commiffions, and the like may be faid in regard to the Fi(h Trade carried on from New Eng- land, Newfoundland and Nova Scotia , which employs great Numbers of Ships and Seamen, and returns to Great Britain at lead 300,000 /. Sterling per Ann . befides Freight. And no doubt but the Liberty of a direft Exportation of Su¬ gar, to be eafed as much as poffible from all Reftriftions and Obftruftions, would foon re- turn to Great Britain as much as the Rice and Fifh put together, according to the fol- G lowing lowing Computations on thofe three Comtno* dities* Rice. The Province of Carolina has increafed to that Degree, as to be capable of exporting in a good Year 8o,coo Barrels of Rice, each Barrel containing about 400 weight. Upon a Me¬ dium of feven Years it is computed they may make 50,000 Barrels per Annum . 10,000 of which may be computed to goto the South of Cape Finijlerre . 38,000 to foreign Ports to the North pf Cape Finijlerre , and 2,000 may be confumed in Great Britain and Ireland * 50,000 Th is Quantity of Rice will employ about 10,000 Tuns of Shipping, and 900 Sailors, and may return to Great Britain about 80,000 L Sterling per Annum . Fish* From Newfoundland , New England , and Nova Scotia > there are about 300 Sail of Ships, great and fmall, or about 30,000 Tuns of Shipping, employ’d annually in carrying Fifh to Portugal , Spain and Italy , Which em- r* f i 9 ] ploy about 2700 Seamen, and may, by a Cir¬ culation of Trade, return to Great Britain a- bout 260,000/. Sterling per Annum , in this Article of Fifh, befides Train-Oil and Whaler bone, of which there may be imported into Great Britain to the Value of 40,000 /. per Ann . and upwards. And it is computed that about two thirds of all thefe Advantages avife from the Fifhery of Newfoundland only. Sugar. It is computed there is the Quantity of about 80,000 Englijh Hogfheads of Sugar im¬ ported into Germany * Holland ^ the Baltick , Spain , Italy , and Turky per Ann. (exclulive of what is imported into Holland and Spain from their own Plantations) which Quantity may employ about 40,000 Tuns of Shipping, and 3600 Seamen, only to bring it to Europe , and amounts in Value to i 5 ooo,ooo/. Sterling per Ann . computing at 12 /. 10 s. per Hoglhead* Freight and Commiffions included* 1 And it is computed that the abovemen- tioned Quantity of Sugar is imported into the undermentioned Places, viz . [ 20 j Engl. Hfhds Hamburg , Bremen , and other Ports 1 o( Germany - - J 3°’ 00 ° Holland — — *— 30,000 Petersburg , Dantzick , and other Ports in the Bdltick — Cadiz , and other Ports in Spain Genoa, Leghorn , Naples and Medina Venice , and other Ports in the ikfc- diterranean — 3,000 5,000 8,000 4,000 80,000 The Britijh Nation had once' a good * Share of this Sugar Trade, but now have none of it. And what Part they are to re¬ gain, will depend upon taking off the Reftric- tions v/e are now treating of, and granting ah reafonable Encouragements that can pofjibly be given, to enable the Brit if j Subjcdts to fell cheaper than their Rivals at Foreign Markets . •Q£. ck Intelligence of Markets is a Spring to Trade; but what would it avail, as the Cafe now flands, to hear at any of the Sugar Iflands, that the Price of Sugars was raifed at any European Market, while twenty or thirty Ships were lying in their Harbours, and per¬ haps * Vide, Cafe.of the Sugar Colonies in the Appendix (N g . 1.) * i [ 21 J haps not one with a Licence previoufly taken out in Great Britain, fince there is no Frovi- fion that a Licence can be taken out there, even if the Ships are Britip^ built, and duly qualified in every other relpedt: But fuppofe there fhould be a Ship or two qualified upon the Arrival of fuch Intelligence, would they • not naturally demand a Freight that would e- qual, or exceed a Fre?ich Freight for the like Voyage, and fo give the French an Advan¬ tage over us in this Inftance alfo that we might otherwife have over them ? For in cafe Ships were to be licenfed in the Plantations, and Plan¬ tation-built Ships permitted to carry Sugar to foreign Markets, there would of courfe be fome Ships, as well Britijh built as Plantation built, that for want of a Freight for Great Britain y would readily take in a Freight of Sugars for any other Part of Europe at one or two Shillings per Hundr. cheaper than can te expedled by any Ships under the prefent Re*? ftridtions, and fuch Ships may go with lefs, and piore fuitable Quantities, than Ships that go from Great Britain direftly, on account of this Exportation Trade. And fince it appeared before the Parliament the laft Seffion, that the » s \ French did not underfell us above a Shilling cr C'3 eighteen [ 2 2 ] eighteen Pence per Hundred, while they were running away with this Trade; this faving in the Freight alone * would go near to enable us to underfell them, cfpecially if the Ships in this Sugar Trade had the lame Encouragements as the Ships that carry Filh to the Mediter¬ ranean Sea, who have the lame Privileges as the Ships that are commonly called Adi Ships , and thereby receive an additional Encouragement in their Freights from the Mediterranean to Great Britain . And befides, fuch Plantation Ships will bring in a conllant Supply of able Seamen at their Arrival in Great Britain . Upon all which, it is fubmitted whether Ships built in our Plantations Ihould not have the lame Privileges in this Branch of Trade, as they have in any other Branch of Commerce belonging to Great Britain , efpe - dally when it is to regain a loft Tirade ? I have heard fome People exclaim againll fome of the Northern Colonies, and look up¬ on them as Rivals to their Mother Country, and particularly in regard to this Article of Shipping, and lupplying Europe with Rice and Corn. This Notion feems to me to be ill grounded, * Vnje Calculation, Pag. 32. . f Vide 14. Car. II. cap. 11. Se£h 35, 36, and 2£xv tract . iu Appendix (N Q 4^ [ 23 ] grounded, for if Ships were retrained from being built in thofe American Parts, what an immenfe Quantity of Cadi would go out of this Kingdom, to purchafe Ships as well as Materials for Building, at Norway and other foreign Countries, fince it is a received Opi¬ nion that there is not Timber enough in Eng¬ land, at a convenient Diftance, to anfwer the Demands of the Britijh Navigation, without great Prejudice to his Majefty’s Navy. And what a Stagnation would there be to the Vent of almoft all Sorts of Britijh Produce and Ma¬ nufactures, which now go to thofe American Colonies, to build Ships, and to carry on the many Branches of Trade that arife from our Plantations, and bring home to Great Britain fuch vaft Quantities of Sugar, Tobacco, Ship¬ ping, Naval Stores, Rice, Rum, Furs and Train- Oil, befides Ginger, Cotton, Indigo, Piemen- to. Cocoa, Coffee, Aloes, Dying-Wood, and other American Products ? And by a Cir¬ culation of Trade a confiderable Ballance is thereby brought home to the national Stock from feveral Countries of Europe , whereby we receive no fmall Share of the Products of the Mines of Brazil , Peru and Mexico : The floutifliing State of this grand Commerce’, and C 4 the [ 24 ] N» * • the Revenues arifing therefrom, are in na fmall Degree owing to a low Freight , occa - Jioned chiefy from our building Ships fo cheap in cur American Plantations . It is well known that the Price of Com has not decreafed in Great Britain , upon account of the Increafe of thofe American Com Countries: And fhould thofe induftrious Peo¬ ple be difeouraged, and decline improving thofe Colonies, the French and other Foreigners would foon Aand in their ftead, and be the •t i I .V ; -ft only Gainers thereby. And lince the French ftruggle fo hard to gather Strength in Ameri - ca, furely it is the true Intereft of Great Bri¬ tain to do fo too, and to encourage and nou- rifh its Northern as well as Southern Colonies, fo that one Part may be dependant on ano¬ ther, and every Part contribute to the Sup¬ port of the whole, for the real Benefit of their Mother Country. The Northern Colonies are a great Sup¬ port to the naval Power of Great Britain , and adift in great Meafure in giving us a Superio¬ rity at Sea over all other Nations in the World; They add largely to our Trade and Navigation the Nurfery of Seamen ; the Indulgence given them by granting a Bounty upon the Impor¬ tation [ 25 ] tation of Pitch, Tar and Turpentine, has an- fwered the Intention, as they have thereby brought the Prices of thofe Commodities from upwards of 50 s. per Barrel, down to 10 s.per Barrel and under j which is attended with this further Convenience, that it aids them in making Returns for the immenfe Quantity of Goods that are exported from Great Britain to thofe Colonies, and it alfo prevents five times the Value thereof from going out of the Kingdom in Cafli to Sweden , and other Fo¬ reign Countries. And they alfo fupply the King’s Yards with great Quantities of Marts, Yards and Bowfprits, inftead of thofe of fo¬ reign Growth, and may in Time, with pro¬ per Encouragement, do the like in regard to Hemp and Iron , and eyen with this further Advantage, that Britijh Produce and Manu_ failures will purchafe what is of the Produce of our own Plantations, and Cafh chiefly muft go to purchafe what is of the Produce of foreign Countries. Since therefore it is evident that our A- merican Colonies, yvith proper Encouragement, can be made fo very beneficial to Great Bri¬ tain in regard to its Trade and Navigation, what Advantages may not alfo be drawn from thofe [ 26 ] thofe Colonies in cafe of a War with France or Spain ? A Squadron of Britijh Ships of War to touch at one or more of the moll po¬ pulous of thofe Northern Plantations, and take under their Convoy feme thoufands of brave Men, properly encouraged with certain Pay and Hopes of Plunder, would fhake the Do¬ minions of thofe Foreigners in America , and turn the Balance of Power in that Part of the World in favour of the Britijh Nation, RESTRICTION II. * * / . ... Fo take out Licences, in Great Britain only, „ ,\j \ . * Before the Shipping of any Sugar, or o- ther enumerated Goods in the Plantations, it has been ufual, in purfuance of the * A&s of Trade, to give Bonds in the Plantations or in Great Britain , not to carry fuch Goods tQ any other Places, than to fuch as are by thofe A£ts limited and appointed : The like to be done in regard to thefe Licences, as to their being * 12 Car. II. cap . 18. Sett. 19. 22 Car. II. cap . 26. SeSi. II. The firft of thefe A£ts limited the Bonds to be taken, in Great Britain only. -The laft permitted them to be taken in the Plantations by the Governours there. Vide Extract, in the Appendix (N? 4.) [ *7 ] being granted in the Plantations as well as in Great Britain , would in fome Meafure take off the Inconveniences mentioned in the fore¬ going Article, and could not be attended with any manner of Inconveniency; but on the other hand, 'it would give the BritiJJi Planters and Merchants, a better Opportunity to fend their Sugar to the bed: Markets, as foon as they hear they may gain an Advantage by fending any thither. And two or three Months Charge, or Hire of a Ship, to go dire&ly from Great Britain to take in her Loading at the Sugar Iflands, may in fome Cafes be thereby faved, which in all Probability would amount to as much as may be e deemed a reafonable Profit upon the whole Voyage. And the Freight, by means of taking out Licences as here pro- pofed, could be afforded at lead: * one Shilling per Hundred cheaper than by any Ship that is obliged to take out a Licence in, and to pro¬ ceed dire&ly from Great Britain , without an outward-bound Freight. But the Cafe may be otherwife where any Ship fihall have a fuf- ficient Freight from Great Britain or from Ireland , Madeira , Guinea , or elfewhere, in their way to the Sugar Iflands. ; * Vide Pag. 32, RE- C 23 ) RESTRICTION III. AU Owners of Ships to refide in Great Britain or the Sugar IJlands. No Brit if Subjects, let them refide in any Part of the World, are debarr’d from being Owners of Ships by anyAfts of Trade, except by this one Aft, and this Trade certainly requires the contrary as much, or more, than any one Branch of Trade at all: For the principal Part of our Shipping-Trade is ufually carried on in Partnerfhip, by Perfons who. have other Views of Gain than barely the Profits of Shipping, which is often a lofing Trade. A Brit if Faftor at Hamburg , Leghorn , or any other Port of Europe , would join \yith Merchants and Planters in Great Britain , Irelajjd , and our Colonies, and become Joint-Owners of Ships with a View of Difpatch, the Life of the Shipping Trade. The Merchants would be concerned with a View of Commiflions, anc^ the Planters View would be to encourage a foreign Confumption; and I think I may venture to fay, that this is the fir ft Jnftance of Brit if: Subjefts being debarr’d from promo¬ ting [ 29 ] ting and encouraging the Britijh Trade and Navigation. RESTRICTION IV. All Ships bound to the Northern Part of Eu¬ rope, to touch and enter at Jo me Port in Great Britain in their Way to fuch Foreign Ports. This at firft View appears to be convenient from the Situation of Great Britain in the direct Way to all the Northern Ports, where we may probably fend Sugar, and no doubt many Ships will touch without any Compul- fion, efpecially in the Summer Months, for Intelligence and Orders. And fome People may think it neceffary to guard againfl car¬ rying on an illicit Trade j but it appears to me that fufficient Care is taken to prevent that in this Adi, as well as in other Adis of Trade: And fince every Ship is obliged within eight Months after the Delivery of her Cargo at foreign Markets, to return to Great Britain , and there unload what fhe fhall have on Board, I fee no x Caufe why the like Liberty may not be given to Ships bound to the Nor¬ thern, as well as Southern Forts of Europe . And t 30 j And tfiftances may happen to make this lie- ftriftion of very ill Confequence, efpecially in the Cafes of War, bad Weather, and contrary Winds. In War, Ships mu ft run into fome Port to deliver a Manifeft, and perhaps up the Chan¬ nel, and be in Danger of being taken by their Enemies 5 which may be avoided by going North about Scotland in their Way to the Hai¬ ti ck^ Hamburgh , or Holland . In bad Weather, the Ships may proceed to foreign Ports with a fair Wind that may be contrary as to their touching, and prove dan- gerous while they are beating up and endea¬ vouring to get into a Britijh Port, only to de¬ liver a Manifeft of her Cargo. The Ship may be no looner in Port, but the Wind may prove as contrary as it was fair before, and thereby detain her many Weeks for a Wind at a large Expence, and perhaps to the Lofs of a good Market, in cafe the Ship fhould be preferved. 1 will now fay a few Words on the Ad van-* tages that may in all probability attend the direct Exportation of Sugar to foreign Mar¬ kets, and fhall point out the Difference, in fome [ 3 1 1 fome few Inftances, between the French and EngUJhy in regard to their Sugar Trade. A low Freight, eafy Supply of Negroes and other Plantation Neceflaries, and a Vent of Rum and Molafles, is what are accounted the three principal natural Advantages of the Bri~ tijh Sugar Trade : Thefe three Articles to be nourilh’d and fupported with what elfe is here¬ in propofed, would loon enable the Britifh Subjects to bring Britifh Sugar to the Euro¬ pean Markets ealier and cheaper than any Fo^ reigner whatever. But the French have lowered their Freight for Sugar within thefe few Years from ten and twelve Shillings, to live and lix Shillings per Hundred, chiefly by means of Ships built in our Plantations, and the Increafe of their Navigation 5 and they have of late Years puflfd on their Negro Trade from Africa with the utmoft Vigour; and they do not content, themfelves with Ships built in our Plantations, but have large Supplies of Planta¬ tion Neceflaries allb from thence, in Exchange for their Molafles and other Commodities*, and thereby lhare largely in thefe natural Advan¬ tages of the Britifh Planters: whereby they can % Vide Barbadoh Petition> Chap. 1. [ 32 ] can afford Sugar near one third cheaper than they could, when they flung away their Mo- lafles for want of a Britifo Vent. However, as their Freight and Supplies of Negroes are ftill dearer than thofe of the Britifh Subject, their Price of Sugar, efpe~ dally their coarfer Sort, is kept down very low in their Plantations, which compels their poorer Sort of Planters to live extreme low, and this whilft the Britifh Subjedt fold with the French at foreign Markets under the Load of a double Voyage, being from twenty to eighty per Cent . as explained in the * Cafe of the Britijh Sugar Colonies. Now as it is ap^ parent that this diredt Exportation alone will enable the Brit if Subjedts to afford their Su¬ gar at the feveral foreign Ports of Europe at leaft two or three Shillings per Hundr. cheaper •f- than they did in the ufual way of Trade before * Vide Appfendix (N° i.) 4 26 per Cent . faved on 11 6 d. the neat Value of 1 Hund. of Sugar to fell in London at 20 f. per Hund.^r Account N? 2. in Appendix (N°. i.j is 2 s. 11 d. per Hund. 21 per Cent, faved on 16 s. 2 d. the neat Value of 1 Hund. of Sugar to fell iii London at 25 s. per Hund. per Account 1. in Appendix (N‘\ 1.) is 3*. 4 d, pet Hund. So that 1 s. per Hund. faved on the fifft Article,- is above 8| per Cent • and on the fecond Article above 6 per Cent, which Difference alone will beat out any Com¬ petitor in any Trade, Vide Pag. 22, 27. [ 33 ] before they had this Liberty, this Change in Trade, with foijie Eaie in regard to the Re- driCtions and other Matters herein mentioned, mud: naturally .lower the Price of Sugar in the French Plantations at lead two or three Shil¬ lings per Hundred, and of courfe render fome of their Planters unable to live by making of Sugar, or abate their Quantity to fuch a De¬ gree, as to leave room for the Britifo Sub- * • ■ j jects to regain a great Share of this profitable • * Branch of Commerce. What Benefits therefore may not be ex¬ pected, if the RediiCtions herein mentioned fhould be eafed and taken off, fince it is a FaCt that Plantation-built Ships to go direCtly from the Northern Colonies to the Sugar Iflands* and there take out a Licence, can, during the prefent War with Spain , adbrd to carry Sugar to the Strbights at four Shillings per Hundred, and fuch Ships to be obliged to take out a Licence in Great Britain , < -v require five Shillings per Hundred. And it is very difficult td get a Ship built in Great Britain , and otherwife redrained by the pre¬ fent ACt, to go at fix Shillings per Hundred, D whicll * Vide Calculations, Pag . I9> [ 34 ] which is as much or more than the French now give for the Freight of their Sugar. The French Planters have a confiderable Advantage over the Britijh Planters, in regard to Intereft upon Money lent in their Sugar Co¬ lonies, which I have touch'd upon in the 6th Chapter: And the French coin in France fmall Pieces of Silver, and fend it to their Plantations to pay off their Governours and Ga¬ ther publick Officers, which I have alio touched upon at the End of the 7th Chapter. CHAP, [ 35 J CHAP. III. Upon the Duties payable upon foreign Sugar; Rum , and Molaffes imported into Britidi Dominions . T H E Britifh Legiflature willing to fup- port and encourage his Majefty’s Plan¬ tations in America , and particularly the Sugar Iflands, have thought fit to charge all foreign Sugar, * Penneles, Rum, Spirits, Molaffes and Syrups, imported into Great Britain , with certain Duties which are abundantly higher than the Duties upon the like Species of Bri- tiflo Growth.-f* By an Aft pafs’d in the 6th Year of King Geo . II. cap . 13. all thefe Commodities ar'e prohibited from being imported into Ireland; and a Duty of five Shillings per Hundred is laid on Sugar or Penneles, nine Pence per Gallon on Rum or Spirits, and fix Pence per D 2 Gallon - * A coarfe Sort of Sugar made from Molaffes. f Vide Appendix. (N v , 3) [ 3 *6 ] Gallon on Molaffes and Syrups of the Product of any Plantation in America , not in the Pofleilion of his Majerty, imported into any oi the Britijh Plantations in America , which is to be paid in Money of Great Britain , ac¬ cording to the Value of five Shillings and fix Pence per Ounce in Silver, and fo in Propor¬ tion for a greater or Idler Quantity to be paid down before landing. Any of the faid Goods landed before due Entry and Payment of the Duty* or without Warrant from the proper Officer, are forfeited, and may be feized by the Governour, or any Perfon authorized by him, or by Warrant of Juftice or other Magiftrate, or by any Cuftom, Import or Excife Officer, or their Affiftants. Any Perfon aliirting in the unlawful land¬ ing, or receiving into their Cuftody any of the aforeiaid Goods fo landed, are to forfeit treble the Value ; and for molefting the Offi¬ cer in the Execution of his Duty 50 /. and to fuffer three Months Imprifonment. ' s Officers conniving at the faid Offences, are to forfeit 50 L and be rendred incapable of holding any Place under his Majefty. Masters of Ships, being his Majerty’$ Subjects, receiving on Board any of the afore- faid [ 37 J laid Goods, in order to land the fame con¬ trary to the true Intent of this Aft, are to forfeit 100A Such Offences and Forfeitures may be pro- fegated (within two Years after the Offence) in any Court of Admiralty or Record in his Majefty’s Plantations where the Offence is committed, and the Forfeiture is to be di- vided 4 to the King (out of which the Charge of Profecution is to be paid), 4 to the Gover- nour, and 4 to the Informer.* In all fuch Profecutions for illegal landing the laid Goods, the Onus probandi is to lie upon the Owner or Claimer thereof. Notwithstanding thefe good and whole- fome Laws for encouraging the Britijh Sugar Colonies, and difcouraging thole of foreigners, it is well known that they are notorioully e^ vaded, and great Quantities of foreign Sugar, Rum, and Molaffes are clandeflinely imported for a Britifo Confumption, without paying more Duties than the Britijh Subjeft, and in fome Instances, without paying any Duties at all. D 3 As * If thefe Forfeitures are accounted Sterling Mo¬ ney of Great Britain , or Money of the Country where the Offence is committed, or Proclamation Money. [ 38 1 As there is generally a riling and falling of all forts of Commodities, according to the various Occurrences in Trade, fo in Sugar, the Prices in the Plantations ufually vary as the Crop or Quantity of Sugar made, is in Proportion to the Demand : When a fhort Crop is made, it is natural to expect a pro¬ portionable living Price to fupport the Planter ; but fometimes, when this is the Cafe, in our Plantations, the French, by means of this il¬ licit Trade, fling in their coarfe Sugar that will pot bear their high Freights to Europe , and thereby take the Benefit of a Vent by means of our low Freights, as fuch Sugar is thereby brought to Great Britain in Englif Calks and Shipping, and pays no more Duty to the Crown, than Sugar of the Growth of our own Plantations, which is contrary to the true Intent and Meaning of our Legillature as be¬ fore mentioned, and gives a Vent by a Britilh Confnmption to the Products of foreign Ame¬ rican Soil, raifed chiefy from the Produce Manufactures , and Navigation of old France, to the Prejudice of the Vent of the Products of Britilh American Sol, raifed chiefy by the Produce, Manufactures, and Navigation of Great Britain. There 1 t 39 3 There is little foreign Rum imported into Great Britain , faving what is run from Dunkirk and Holland , when the Price will anfwer the Rifque. Nor do I know of any foreign Molaffes being imported, but have heard there has been large Quantities im¬ ported clandeftinely from old France , and that Sugars are alfb run into Ireland from that Kingdom, The high Duty of fix Pence per Gallon Sterling on foreign Molaffes imported into the Britijh Colonies, and the fmall Number of Of¬ ficers on the extenfive Shores of the Northern Provinces, for want of a Fund to pay Salaries to proper Officers, obftrudts the Intention of that Part of the faid Adt, paffed in the 6 th Year of the Reign of King George II, for the better fe- curing and encouraging the Trade of his Maje- fty’s Sugar Colonies in America , fince there is as much foreign Molaffes imported into thofe Northern Colonies, as there was before the paf- fing of that Adi:, which cannot amount to lefs than 10,000 Hog(heads,or i,ooo,ooo of Galloi s per Annum , and little or no Duties have been paid by virtue of that Adi, notwithstanding the feveral Precautions before mentioned. And eonfiderable Q^ntities of foreign Sugar and D 4 Rum [ 4 ° ] Rum are alio frequently imported into thofe Northern Provinces without paying any Du¬ ties at all. In the laft Seffion of Parliament the Ho¬ nourable Houle of Commons were pleas’d to refclve as follows, viz, - \ r ; y 1 ....... ; an& his Majefty’s Plantations in America" * • ‘v «• In purfuance of the faid Refolution, a Bill was brought into the Houfe, and now lies in a Rate of Sufpenfion but this Bill was attend¬ ed with feveral Objections made by fome of the Merchants of London , trading to the Su¬ gar Ifiands, upon account of fome Difficulties propofed to be laid upon the fair Trader: Be that as it will, I fhall venture to give fome Hints, that I humbly apprehend may tend in fome Meafure to the further Security and En¬ couragement of the Trade of his Majefty’s Co¬ lonies in America . ' The [4i j The Laws nowin being for the Regular tion of the Plantation Trade * are very well calculated, were they put in execution as they ought to be, which would in great Meafure put an end to the Mifchiefs here complained of: If the feveral Officers of the Cuftoms would fee that all Entries of Sugar, Rum and Molaffes were made conformable to the Di¬ rections of thofe Laws; and let every Entry of fuch Goods dijliiiguijld exprejly , what are of Britijh Growth and Produce, and what are of foreign Growth and Produce ; and let the whole Cargo of Sugar, Penneles, Rum, Spi¬ rits, MolalTes and Syrup, be inferted at large in the Manifeft and Clearance of every Ship pr Veffel under the Office Seal, or be liable to the fame Duties and Penalties, as fuch Goods of foreign Growth are liable to ; This would very much baulk the Progrefs of thofe who' carry on this illicit Trade, and be agreeable and advantageous to all fair Traders. And all Skippers and Mailers of Boats in all the Plantations, fhould give fome reafonablc Security, not to take in any fuch Goods of Fo¬ reign O * 14 Car. II. Cap.11.. Sett. 2, 3, 9,10. 7,8 Will.III. Cap. 22. Seft. 5. 6. 6 Geo. II. Cap. 13. Vide Ap¬ pendix N° 4. pag. 36, 37, I 4 ® } reign Growth from any Veflel not duly en- tred at the Cuftom-houle, in order to land the fame, or put the fame on Board any other Ship or Veflel, without a Warrant or Suf¬ ferance from a proper Officer. In fine, I would humbly propole that the Duties on foreign Sugar and Rum, impofed by the beforementioned A£fe of the 6th of King Geo . II, remain as they are, and alfo the Duty on Molafies, fo far as concerns the Im¬ portation into the Sugar Colonies; but that there be an Abatement of the Duty on Mo- laflfes imported into the Northern Colonies, fo far as to give the Britifh Planters a reafon - able Advantage over Foreigners, and what may bear Jome Proportion to the Charge, Rifque, and Inconvenience of running it, in the man¬ ner they do now, or after the propofed Re¬ gulation fhall be put in Execution : Whether this Duty fhould be one, two, or three Pence Sterling-Money of Great Brit am per Gallon, may be the Matter of Confideration. l CHAP, CHAR IV, On the Confumption of Rum in Great Britain and Ireland. R UM is a Commodity that is univerfally allowed to be wholefomer than mod: Other Spirits, and is in effeCt the Produce of Great Britain as much as Malt Spirits, Beer, Ale, Woollen, Linen, or any other Produce or Manufactures of Great Britain ; becaufe it is with Britifh Produce and Manufactures, and with Negroes and other Materials bought with fuch Produce and Manufactures chiefly, that the Sugar Cane is planted and raifed, and it is well known that it is from the Sugar Cane that Rum as well as Sugar is made. It is from the like Produce and Manufactures, and by a Cerculation of Trade, that fuch Negroes and other People employed in producing the Sugar Cane are cloathed and fed. It is Bri- tijh Ships, and Ships built in our Plantations chiefly with Britijh Produce and Manufac¬ tures, [ 44 V tttres, that are employed in carrying thofc Negroes and other Materials to make the Rum, and bringing it to Great Britain , fo that the Confumption of Rum may be look’d upon as neceffary, and as beneficial to Great Britain > as the Conlumption of Malt Spirits. And whilft Rum as well as Sugar is confuming, it may with Truth be imagined, that there is at the fame Time, in efFeCi, a Confumption of Woollen, Linen, and almoft all forts of Bri- tijh Produce and Manufactures, and that fo many Manufacturers, Artificers and Seamen of Great Britain , are thereby paid for their In- duftry and Labour, in Proportion to fuch a Confumption. The following Paragraph was inferted in a Treatife wrote in the Year 1725. “ If once People could be made to believe Cl that the Produce of the Britijb Colonies u ought to be as tenderly regarded as the Pro- 4J duce of Great Britain , Rum might be put upon a Parallel with Britijb Spirits, u and in Opposition to French Brandy: A “ fmall Encouragement for the Importation %i of Rum into Brit am and Ireland > would u be a vaft Encouragement to the Plantations, ** and very much difcourage the Confumption cc of c< c< C( (C (( [ 45 ] u of French Brandy, a Commodity that is ,*» € and fach Rum may be afforded to the outward bound Shipping, at two Shillings per Gallon, or under ; and now two Shillings and fix Pence, to three Shilings, is ufually given by the outward- bound Ships,for French Brandy : And fuch a Vent to the Shipping only, may, in all pro¬ bability, amount to Thirty thoufand Pounds Sterling per Annum , and upwards, without any Prejudice to Britijh Spirits, but altogether, in favour of Britijh Subjefts, and to the Pre¬ judice of the French Nation, our greatefl Ri¬ vals in Trade, [ 5 ° ] CHAP. V. On the Regulation of Money throughout all his, Maje/lys Colonies in America. T HI S is a Matter of a nice, intricate Nature, and I fear it is beyond my Reach ; however I {hall ufe my beft endea¬ vours to lend a helping Hand to an Affair that calls fo loudly for help. On the firft Settlement of the Britijh Colo¬ nies in America , an EngUJh Crown was five Shil¬ lings Denomination, but the Trade there was carried on chiefly by exchanging one Commo¬ dity for another, and with little or no Silver or Gold : Sugar, Tobacco, and Rice, ferved as a Medium for Trade in fome of the Planta¬ tions. In Barhadoes the Merchants kept their Books, and the publick Officers received their Fees in Sugar fixt as a Standard at 12 s, 6 d. per 100 weight ; fo that the Exchange be¬ tween that Ifland and England , varied in Pro¬ portion to tire Price of Sugar in England and 100 4 [ 5 1 ] ioo/. in Barbadoes was fometimes wbrth 105 L to 108 /. Sterling in England . As the American Commerce flourifhed, fo¬ reign Silver and Gold Coins were introduced, and became a Medium for Trade, and Bills of Credit, commonly called Paper-Money, were emitted in tome of the Colonies by their Governments, to be difcharged by fome Tax or otherwife, at certain Times to come, which added to their Medium of Trade, and an- fwered the Intention of thofe Colonies whiljl they kept within due Bounds , As the faid Silver Coins went by Tale, and were not mill’d, they were dipt to fuch a Degree, that the Exchange to England varied in Proportion, and the Paper-Money aifo va¬ ried in Value, and was depreciated in feveral of the Colonies, occafioned by their emitting more than their Trade and Property could bear, or from fome other Imperfections, and in fome of the Colonies, fuch Paper-Money, not- withftanding its Undervalue, went in Dif- charge of prior Contracts, made when fuch Mo¬ ney was of a greater Value, and inflead of vary¬ ing in Denomination in Proportion to its intrin- fick Value with Silver, the Principal Standard in other Countries, they varied the nominal E 2 Price ( [ 52 ] Price of Silver in proportion to the Value of their Paper-Money; fo that an Ounce of Silver that formerly went for 6 or 8 s. per Ounce, has fince gone for 28 s. Money of. New England per Ounce, and for 42 s. Money of Ca¬ rolina per Ounce 3 fo that in Procefs of Time, almofl every Province, as well as the Iflands, varied more or lefs in their Currency, and com frequently in their feveral and refpedtive Ex- t changes between Great Britain , the Centre of the Plantation Commerce, and thofe Colonies j which put the whole American Trade upon a Rate of uncertainty, and into fuch Confufion, that no Trader could tell how to value his Debts after they were once contra&ed. Her Majefty Queen Anne by her Royal Proclamation bearing Date the 18th "June 1704, did publifh and declare, cc That from and af- “ ter the firft Day of 'January next enfuing, “ no Seville , Pillar , or Mexico Pieces of In the 6th Year of the find Queen Anne y an Ad was pafled for afeertaining the foreign Coins in her Majefty’s Colonies or Plantations in America , whereby it was enaded, £t That 200 Paper Money in Maryland , 800 ---in Carolina . Or in fuch Proportions as the prefent Cur- rency of the feveral and refpe£tive Colonies fhall really bear to either of the undermentioned Prices of Silver, as may be found moft agree¬ able, viz. s. d. 6 1 o \ per Ounce, which is equal to 6 for 17 dwt . 12 gr. the Price regulated by Queen Anne's Proclamation, confirm¬ ed by an A£t of Parliament in the 6th s, d . Year of her Reign. 5 6 per Ounce, the Price afcertained for Payment of the Duties on Foreign Sugar, Rum, and Molaffes imported into the Britijh Plantations in Ame- s. d. rica . 6 Geo. II. cap, 13. 5 3 per Ounce, may be accounted the Price of Silver in Pieces of Eight or Bars. 5 [ 6o] 5. d. 5 2 per Ounce, is the Price of Tunglijh Silver Coin or Sterling. * i , "* v Notwithstanding fuch a Regulation there would flill be a fmall Exchange in the feveral Plantations, in Proportion to the Rifque, Charge, and other Incidents attending the tranfporting Money from one Country to an¬ other ^ but every one, for the future, may ex¬ pert an equal Value upon the Repayment of the Money he fhall credit, lend, or trade for in the Plantations, without having the Value of his Property depreciated by any Law or Cuflom while it is in other People's Hands; which is the principal Defign of this Propofition. And Gold muft and will always bear a Value in Proportion to fuch a Standard of Silver: But it is however propofed, that all Gold Coins, and other Commodities, do pafs for the Satisfaction of all Contrails made or to be made before > * * * fuch a Period of Time, at the feveral and re- * ' ,« u * • fpedlive Rates or Prices, and in like manner as they now pafs in each and every Colony re- fpeilively. And fhould there be a neceffity for creating and iffuing out Bills of Credit, common¬ ly called Paper Money, to anfwer a Medium of . [ 61 } ? * * t ,' . 3 * of Trade, or any extraordinary Emergency in any of the Plantations, there may be a Proviio, that fome reafonable Sums, to be limited, may be iftued or emitted, provided there be a Fund, fufficient to anfwer an Intereft on all Bills of i j twenty Shillings Value or more 5 and likewife gradually to pay off, difcharge, and fink the fame within a limited Time. But that nothing in any Ad:, to be made in any of the faid Plan¬ tations or Colonies, to extend, or be conftrued to compel any Perlon to receive any fuch Bills of Credit or Paper Money in difcharge of any Debt, or to allow or account the fame a legal Tender, unlefs fuch Ad fhall have firft received the Royal Approbation. i Now fuppofe Order fhould be taken that all Bargains and Contrads that fhall be made after the firft Day of "January next, in any of his Majefty’s Plantations or Colonies in America^ be made, received, paid, and recovered con¬ formable to the Ad pad; in the 6 th Year of the Reign of Queen Anne , entitled, An i\d for afcertaining the Rates of foreign Coins in her Majefty’s Plantations in America : And that all Bargains and Contrads made or to be made in the faid Plantations or Colonies before that time C 62 1 v . ♦ ;. * t time be paid, received, and recovered at the current Value or Rate that the current Moneys, of any kind or nature foever, actually bore on the firft Day of February laid in the faid Planta¬ tions or Colonies refpedtively, in Proportion to 6 s. for i ydwt. and 12 gr. or 6 s. lod. \.per Ounce, the Price of Silver afcertained by the faid Aeft. And that the Rates or Value of all fuch current Money, as it flood on the faid firft Day of February be fettled and afcertained by the Governor and Council of each Province or Colony refpeitively, or by fome other Au¬ thority. This Regulation would be no ways preju¬ dicial to any Debtor, Creditor, Legatee, An¬ nuitant, or any other Perfon whatfoever; fince the Money of all forts that is now Current, or that may hereafter be emitted as above pro- pofed, will pafs at its refpedtive Value, accord¬ ing to Contradf, to a fixt Standard of Silver, in like manner as Moydores, Guineas, and other Coins, or as India Bonds and other publick Se¬ curities now pafs in Great Britain. On the other hand, fuppofe the faid Procla¬ mation and A (ft fhould be attempted to be put in Execution, without any Regard to Contra&s made before fuch an Attempt, the greateft Con- [ ^3 ] Confufion muft enfue in fome of the Colonies; fince in New England and Carolina every Debtor, to comply with that Ad:, without fome further Provifo, muft pay the value of 4 or 500 Guineas for every 100 Guineas he con- traded to pay, or ftands chargeable with, by means of any Legacy, Annuity, or otherwife, even if it was but a few Months before: or to fpeak in other words, he muft pay four or five times as much as he ought to pay. CHAP. r 64 j CHAP. VI. On Intereji upon Money in Colonies , I 1 ‘ *"“* %** / ■'J* ' * ^ I Nterest upon Money lent, or otherwife credited in America , feems to want fome - <* Regulation in fome of the Colonies, efpecially in the Sugar Xflands, where Interefi runs at 8 and 10 per Cent . Annum ; except at Antigua , which lfland has lately reduced it i 1 to 6 per Cent . High Interefi may be convenient and ne- ceffary in new fettled Colonies, where the Rifque is great, and the Profits anfwerable. Low Interefi in all Countries that are well fettled and eflablifhed, is beneficial to the landed Interefi, or landed Property, and the landed Property of a Colony ought to be pre¬ ferred by the Mother Country before the Ufu~ rers Interefi; becaufe the Produce of any Colony can be afforded cheaper where In¬ terefi is lowf than where it is high, as Expe- ♦ • i • ' ■*» rienc e [ 6 3 ] rience hath fhewn in the Cafe of the French and Britifi Sugar Iilands. High Intereft in Sugar Plantations, where the Produce of the Land is reduced to a low Price, and any large Sum is owing, will infal¬ libly ruin the landed Debtor, fodner or later, in Proportion to the Sum he owes, which has been the unfortunate Cale of many of our Su¬ gar Planters. Should Intereft be lower in the Colonies, the Planters Security would be better, and as long as Sugar, or any other valuable Com^ modity is raifed in the Plantations, Neceffaries will be carried thither, and in Courfe of Time, with a low Intereft, long Credits may be out of Ufe, and every Ship may then carry Home the Proceeds of her Cargo, which will anfwer the Intention and Intereft of the Britifh Mer¬ chant better than to leave his Trading-Stock in the Colonies at a high precarious Intereft. Since the natural Intereft of Money in England is now at 3 and 4 per Cent . I fhould think 6 per Cent . a full Intereft in any of our American Colonies; but the Fall of the Pro¬ duce of the Sugar Iilands, and the Calamities the Planters have of late Years laboured un¬ der, have made fuch a Change in Property F in t « ] in fome of the Iflands, that the publick Of¬ ficers, Lawyers and Ufurers, have gained fuch a Superiority over the landed Intereft, that the poor Planters can’t hope for any Re¬ lief in this particular, unlefs the Britifh Le- giflature (hall in their great Wifdom inter- pofe, and fettle Intereft at once throughout all his Majefty’s Colonies and Plantations in America at 6 per Cent, upon all future Con¬ trails. This may feem the more reafonable* as large Sums are now lent to fome of the richeft Planters at an Intereft of 5 per Cent. only, which enables them, in many Inftances, to engrofs the Lands of the poorer Sort of Planters, who are obliged to pay 8 and io per Cent . Intereft, until they quit their Habita¬ tions, and fometimes the Iflands, and thereby abate the Strength of fuch Colonies. The common Intereft in the French Sugar Iflands is but 5 per Cent, and that as Ufury is difeouraged, and the Dealers that way call it 'Rent 3 and this low Intereft may be juftly e* fteem’d one of the Caufes of T;he great In- creafe of their Sugar Colonies, and particularly in encouraging their poorer fort of Planters to fettle and improve their new Plantations. If 1 67 ] If there ffiould be an Inftance where any Colony fhould find it for their Advantage at any time hereafter, to give more Intereft than what is here propofed, there may be a Pro- vifo, that a Law may be made in fuch Colony to allow fuch Intereft as the Demands of the Colony may require, but to be limited to fome fhort Term of Years, or not to be in \ Force until it ihall receive the Royal Aflent, CHAP* [ 68 ] CHAP. VII. T mching the Duty of 4 1 per Cent, paid in Barbadoes and the Leeward Iflands. T H E Produce of Barbadoes and the Lee¬ ward Ifands (but not Jamaica) pay this Duty of 4 ~ per Cent . on its being ffiipped off. It was given by the Inhabitants in the Year 1662 to his Majefty King Charles the Se¬ cond, his Heirs and Succelfors for ever, and by the Ifland of Barbadoes for the following Ufes, viz. For maintaining the Honour and Dignity of his Majefty’s Authority there. The publick Meeting of the Seffions. The often Attendance of the Council. The Reparation of the Forts. The building a Seffions Houfe and Prifon, And all other Charges incident to the Go¬ vernment, But [ 6 9 ] But little Benefit, in Proportion to the Bur¬ then, has hitherto accrued from this Duty to the Inhabitants of this Ifland, who have been, and ftill are obliged to have recourfe to other Methods to raife Money for moft of the Ufes for which this very Duty was given and fome time part great Abufes had crept into the Ma¬ nagement of it; but upon proper Reprefenta- tions being made, new Orders and Regulations were fent over in order to reform thofe Prac¬ tices for the future, and to eafe the Planters who pay this Duty. Th ere is payable out of this 4 4 per Cert . 1000 /. Sterling per annum to the Heir of the firft Proprietor, and 2000/. Sterling per annum to the Governour of Barba does , and it like- wife pays the Officers who have the Care of this Duty and the Adis of Trade, and alfo of the Duties laid on certain * enumerated Commodities carried from one Plantation to another. This Duty of 4-i per Cent, is rather the more burthenfome upon the Sugar Trade, as it is in effedt paid altogether by the Sugar Planter, and that too, upon his improved and manufadtured Sugar as well as the raw or dead Produce, and F 3 con- * 25 Car. II, Cap . 7. Sett, 3, 170 3 coniequently upon the Value of the annual Pro¬ duce of his Buildings, Negroes, Horles, Cattle^ and other Stock on his Plantation, which in Bar- badoss ufually cofts, and is adtually worth twice ©r three times as much as the bare Land. There are Numbers of Inhabitants, as well Jews as Chrijlians , who have a great Number of Ne¬ groes and other large Properties in thefe Colo¬ nies, that do not pay a Penny of this publick Duty. A Duty to be raifed upon Negro Heads and the Towns in Barbadoes , according to the ufual Cuftom of railing Taxes there, to anfwer every Purpofe of this Duty, would be more equal, as Matters are now circumftancedj fine© every one would then pay an equal Portion of the publick Charge, and then the Planters Quota of 10,000 /. to be raifed in Barbadoes in that manner, would not amount to much more than one third of what he now pays to raife the like Sum, as may appear from the follow¬ ing Calculations, viz* Suppose- [ 7 1 J Suppose a Plantation in Barbadoes may make 50 Hogfheads of Sugar (Clay’d and' Mufcovado together) to pay for /. 12 s. the faid Duty of 4 \ per Cent . 9 j. >22 10 Hogfhead, according to the prefent Regulation, 60 Hogfheads of Rum at 4 s. per Hogfhead. 34 10 Suppose there may be 100 Negroes to make the above Sugar and Rum. /. r. 100 Negroes at 2 s, 6 d. per Head. 12 10 2 s. 6 d. per Head on 60,000 Negroes, T l. the ufual Number for which Taxes r 7 > 5 00 are paid, will amount to The Proportion of the Towns, Jews,! and Patent Officers to the above > 2,500 Sum may be computed at J — * ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ + Then the whole Tax will amount to 10,000 F4 So So that 12 /. 105. on Negroes (without any regard to Windmills) will be the Planter’s Quota to raife io,ooo/. as abovej and the 44. per Cent, Duty feldom raifes fo mx\2550 ral of the 4 4 per Cent . now all paid in Barbadoes. To the Heirs or Affigns of the ) E. of Carlijle firft Proprietor .) To the Governor of Barbadoes There will then remain for other 7 Ules. ' V Barbadoes. Money., 33 1 5 1000 1300 2000 2600 555 ° 7 Z1 5 2142 2 7 $S, 7692 10,000 The [ 73 ] The Surplus will then be above 2000/. Ster¬ ling; Part of which may be applied towards fortifying the Ifland, and making a good Har¬ bour at Bridge-Town for the Security of Ship - ping againf Weather or Enemies . The Leeward Iflands may be accounted for much in the fame manner as Barbadoes , laving the Annuity to the firft Proprietor and the Surveyor-General’s Salary. Such a Tax as here propofed would alfo be more agreeable to the Cufl.om of Great Bri¬ tain , where perfqnal Eftates are taxed as well as Lands for the Subfiflance of the Government, and every one pay their Proportion towards the publick Expence. It was propofed the la ft Seflion of Parlia¬ ment by a noble Lord in one Ploufe and by a worthy Member in the other, that this bur- thenfome Duty of 4 4- per Cent, be taken off And it was further propofed, that a v Sum of Money, and a handfome Sum too, be paid by the Government as a full Equivalent to all thofe who have a Right in, or to the faid Duty. This, no doubt, would be a great Encourage¬ ment to the Planters of thofe Windward Iflands, and enable them to give a helping hand towards turning the Scale of the Sugar Trade in our Favour. The [ 74 ] The French coin fmall Species of Silver in Old France for the particular Ufe of their Colonies, in order to pay off their Governours and other publick Officers, and eafe their Trade. And fhould there be Silver and Cop¬ per Money coined in England\ and fent to our Plantations for the fame Purpofes, it would not only eafe our Planters, but would alfo re¬ vive and nourifh the Trade of our Colonies to the great Benefit of their Mother Country. And this may be done from fuch Duties as may arife upon foreign Sugar, Rum, and Mo- lalfes, and other foreign Products imported into his Majefty’s Plantations in America , or from fuch other Fund as may be found moft proper. A P- [ 75 ] A P P E N D I X. N° i. The Cafe of the Britifh Sugar Colonies in the Tear 1739. T H E prefent Situation of the Trade of the Sugar Colonies in general is now fo well known as to need no Proof, that Great Britain has near loft that Branch of Trade which concerns the fupplying of Hamburgh , Holland , Flanders , the Baltick > and the Medi* / terranean with Sugar. The Brit if Sugar Iflands have for many Years paft raifed Sugar fufHcient to anfwer the Demands of Great Britain and Ireland , and when they had a Vent for it, raifed a confide- rable Surplus for Re-exportation, infomuch that Great Britain from the Year 1713 to 1718, exported about 18,000 Hogfheads per annum out of about 62,000 Hogfheads im-* ported of ten hundred Weight neat to the Hogfhead $ and as the Ho/ne« confumption hath [ 76 ] hath gradually increafed, lb from that "Time the Sugar Planters have not only made Sugars fufficient to anfwer the Demand of the Home Market ; but whilft they had any Exportation, imported a confiderable Surplus to anfwer the Demands of Foreign Markets. From the Year 1728 to 1733 there was above 93,000 Hogfheads of Sugar imported per annum , of which about 14,000 were re-exported, including Ireland and the Planta¬ tions , but the Remainder being much more than was wanted for the Britifh Confumption, the Price was bore down to 1 8 s. 16 s. and 1 1 r. per Hundred, after having paid above 8 s. per Hundred for Cu/lom, Freight, and other Charp-es, which left to the Planter or Merchant Adventurer not above One Half¬ penny, or at moil a Penny per Pound for his Sugars. Tii ese low Prices of Sugar, which held to the Year 1736, except in fome very few and fliort Intervals, put a Damp upon the Progrefs of the Sugar Planters, and feveral of their Plantations were dung up and abandoned, and now lie wholly uncultivated, and others are under-managed for want of a fufficient Supply of Negroes, and other Neceffaries; and [ 77 1 and the Importation of Sugar into Great Britain hath diminifhed above 15,000 Hogfheads per annum for the laft Five Years. Great Britain from the Year 1715 to 1719 exported to Foreign Markets only about 17,000 Hogfheads of Sugar per annum $ and from the Year 1733 to 1736 exported not more than 2,300 Hogfheads per annum; and in the Year 1737 not 450 Hogfheads, and now there is little or no Sugar re-exported from Great Britain , except to Ireland , which is a Home-confumption; all which appears by the Accounts in Appendix (A) to this Cafe. The French , our greateft Rivals in the Sugar Trade, fupply with their Sugars all the Foreign Markets, that were ufed to be fupplied by the Britijh Subje&s, to the Amount of feveral hundred Thoufands of Pounds Sterling per annum , whereby their Sugar Plantations are arrived to a moft flourifhing Condition. Before the Year 1716 no French Sugars were known to be imported into Hamburgh , but from that Time they have gradually in- creafed in fupplying that City, and now fumifh it with 30,000 of their Hogfheads of Sugar per annum \ and there is fuch a vail Quantity of French Sugars imported into Holland, that they r 7« ] * r : * ' « * they are daily eredting new Sugar-Houfes in all their Towns, without the Help or Want of any Sugars from us. Th is Increafe of the French in their Sugar- Trade, it is apprehended, is owing chiefly to their Alteration of their Edidts* or Adts of Trade, and other Encouragements, whereby their Subjedts get their Sugar earlier to Market, and cheaper than the Britijh Planters can do, fo long as they are compelled to bring and land their Sugars in Great Britain , before they can carry them to Foreign Markets; by which Means Britijh Sugars have been loaded with the Expence of a double Voyage, double Freight, double Commiffion, which with the extraordinary Charges attending thereon from the Port of London ; the principal Magazine of our Sugar, amount to from 20 to 80 l.per Cent . according to the Price the Sugar may be at, as appears by the Account in Appendix (B)* befides the Difadvantage of coming fo much later to Market; and by which means the French are, as our Laws now ftand, enabled to underfell the Englijh very confiderably. The Liberty of a diredt Exportation of our Sugars to the feveral Foreign Ports in Eu- rope y under the Reftridtions in the Bill now depending. [ 79 ] depending, is the moft probable Means of putting the Britifh Subjedl in a Capacity of once more diluting foreign Markets with the French but without fuch a Liberty, there is not the leaft Probability of regaining that moft valuable Branch of Commerce. The French have a Liberty of a diredt Exportation not only of Sugars, but of all other their Plantation Produce to Spain , and by the Situation and Privileges of the Ports of Dunkirk and Marfeilles , the French have in Effedt the Advantage of a diredt Exportation of all their Plantation Frodudis to the Northern as well as Southern Parts of Europe. However ufefui the Adis of Trade, with regard to the Claufes reftraining the Exporta¬ tion of Sugars diredtly to foreign Markets, might have been at the Time they were paffed, and forfome Time after $ yet the Sugar Trade in genera] is finee fo much altered, and now Hands upon fo different a Footing, that thofe Claufes, if not altered, muft unavoidably di- minifti the Britijh Shipping and Navigation, and prevent our having any Share in the Foreign Sugar Trade, contrary to the plain Intent of the Tegiilature, and in diredt Oppofidon to the Adt of Navigation ; whilft the naval Power of France , [ 8o J France > together with their Trade in Artierica; will be thereby augmented. And the fame Caufes which ftreighten th zBritifh Commerce, will naturally enlarge the French-, and the Naval Power of either Nation will thrive or languifh, in the lame Degree as their Com¬ merce gathers or loies Strength. Our Sugar Colonies, if preferved, mu ft always be dependent on Great Britain and none of the Products of thofe lilands interfere with the Trade of their Mother Country, but, on the contrary, fome of them are of the greateft Ufe in the Home Manufactures. * Numberless Artificers and Manufacturers at home are employed in the feveral Branches of Trade dependent on the Sugar lilands, which take off from Great Britain very great Quan¬ tities of Woollen, Linen, Corn, Hoops, Leathern, Iron, Copper, Lead, and other Manufactures, not only directly to the Sugar Plantations, but alfo by Way of Madeira , Africa , and the Northern Colonies, in Ex¬ change for Wine, Negroes, Fifh, and other Goods, for the Ufe of thofe lilands; all which maintain and fupport a large Branch of the Britifh Navigation : Which thews, that the Manufactures, Traffick, Treafure and Power of ar* < ; [ 8i ] , '•*- f t of "Great 'Britain depend in great Meafure on the Fate of our Sugar Iflands. Great Britain can never want a fuffi- cient Supply of Sugar at a reafonable Price, fince there is Room enough in the Britijh Su¬ gar Iflands to make more Sugar than all Eu¬ rope confumes. Sugar is as cheap in Old France , fince that Nation had this Liberty, as ever it was before3 and yet that Nation in general, hath been great Gainers by it. The Province of Carolina hath increafed largely in Produce and Navigation, fince it hath had the like Liberty in regard to Rice, chiefly by that Encourage* ment; and yet* notwithftanding, the Price of that Commodity is no-ways advanced in Great Britain , nor the Quantity of Rice imported into Great Britain decreafed. The Proceeds of fuch furplus Sugars may amount to many Thoufands of Pounds Sterling* which will of courfe center in Great Britain * to be laid out in Britijh Manufactures, or re¬ main here; and the Ships employed in the di¬ rect Exportation thereof, being reftrained to come to Great Britain before they go back to America , no Danger can be apprehended of evading the ACts of Trade, by carrying Goods G of of the Produce of Europe diredfly to the Pian^ tations, without being firft landed in Great Britain , according to Law, As the French as well as the Englijh have each of them Lands enough in their Hands to produce as much Sugar as will fupply the whole Confumption of Europe , it is very evident, that in a fmall Courfe of Years one or other of them muft become Mailers of the Trade, and beat the other out of it. It is very apparent, that the French are fen- fible of this, and have fuch a watchful Eye upon this Trade, that they negledl no Oppor¬ tunities of encouraging their own People to maintain the Competition, and give them every Advantage over ours that opens itfelf to them; and if the BritiJJj Legiflature think this Trade worth their keeping, they muft do fo too, and give the Planter all the Aid and Affiftance in their power. With this Aid the Briti/h Planters and Merchants are fanguine enough to believe that they are a Match for the French , and that they can afford to fell their Sugars at a Foreign Mar¬ ket as cheap as they; but without it they can’t long fupport the Struggle. The ' t 83 J The Crifis now comes on apace) and there- fore it feems neceflary that fome vigorous Mea^ fure fhould be immediately taken, and a new Plan formed, that is better accommodated to the prefent Circumftances of Things; or in a little Time it may be too late; for if once this Trade fhould be fixed in the new Chanel the * Fre?jch have got it in, it will then be too late to think of bringing it back. The French have been long intent upon drawing it to themfelves, and have got too great a Start upon us already. A Liberty of carrying our Sugars diredtly to a Foreign Market, free from the Charge* Incumbrances and Refcraints that at prefent lie upon us* feems to be immediately neceffary in order to keep this Trade from being wrefled from us; For this Purpofe a Bill has been brought 1 o in, and palled the Honourable the Houfe of Commons, and which Bill (if pafied into a Law) as it is humbly hoped it will, will be a Means once more of regaining the Foreign Sugar Trade. The Objections that have been made to this Liberty of a direct Exportation, though they are many in Number, carry very little* G z if [ S 4 3 if any Weight, with them.-The moft ma-> terial are thefe OBJECTIONS. Object, I. T HAT our Sugar Ifiands now make as much Sugar as they can; and therefore can’t fpare from Great Bri¬ tain any Sugar for foreign Markets. Anjw. This Objection may ferve to amufe thofe who have little or no Knowledge of the Sugar Iilands; but to fuch as are acquainted with them, it is abundantly evident, that the Britijh Sugar Iflands can make more than treble the Quantity they now do; and fhould- they increafe in growing of Sugar, Great Bri •=* tain would be more certain of a fufficient and conftant Supply, than if they remain confined to the Quantity neceflary for a Home Con- fumption; becaufe dry Weather, Lofles at Sea, and other Cafualties, would be more effedtually felt in a fmaller Quantity than in a greater; and Great Britain would naturally have the Preference in cafe of a Scarcity. Oije£t» » [ ] Obje 5 t.ll. That the Liberty defired will raife the Price of raw Sugars in Great Britain to an unreafonable Height, and be prejudicial to the Sugar Manufadtury here, by railing the Price of refin’d Sugar at Home, and preventing the Exportation of it to foreign Markets. AnJ'w . There can be no room to fuppofe, but that if Sugar fhould bear a higher Price here than at foreign Markets, the Sugars will be imported into Great Britain , and not fent Abroad, till the Home Demand is fatisfied; lb that it is conceived, the Bill now depending, if palTed into a Law, can have no Operation at all, but when the Price of Sugar is low in Great Britain: for ever fince the French be¬ gan to rival us Abroad, the Price of that Com¬ modity has been reduced in foreign Markets. This is the Cafe of all Competitions in Trade; and in thefe Circumftances of the Sugar Trade, it would be in vain for the Britifh Planter and Merchant to pretend, by the Liberty propofed, to raife the Price of Sugar to an unreafonable Height here. If they could effed it, this would be even prejudicial to themfelves, and hurt the Confumption: All that they aim at, is to prevent the finking of that Commodity fo low, that the Planter cannot afford to bring G 3 it L 26 3 it to Market. Whenever this happens, the Quantity will decreafe of courfe, and the Price, muft rife; fo that the raffing the Price of Sugar to an extravagant Height, is more to be ap¬ prehended from thofe Means that tend to ftreighten and leffen the Number of our Sugar Settlements, than from thofe that tend to in¬ crease and inlarge them; for a regular and conftant Demand of any Commodity will al¬ ways occafion a regular and conftant Supply, and at a moderate living Price. As to the Sugar Manufactory of Great Bri¬ tain , it was always abundantly fupplied; and the Price of refin’d Sugar was never at an un- reafonable Height, even when we had the large ft Exportation of raw Sugars to foreign Parts, to the Amount of Twenty-Nine Thou- fand Hogfheads in one Year. And, to fhew how little Reafon there is to apprehend any great Rife of refin’d Sugars from the Bill now depending, it may be obferved, that raw Su¬ gars muft rife or fall 11 s. per Hundred to af- feCt the Price of refin’d 2 d. per Pound. When the former fells at 255. per Hundred, the latter may be, and is afforded at 8 d. or 9 d. a Pound; raw Sugars muft therefore rife from 255. to W $> per Hundred to bring the Price of refin’d to [ 8 7 ] to io d. or 11 d. a Pound * ; a Price never to be expedted, unlefs in Times of the greateft Scar¬ city. On the other hand, if raw Sugars fhould fall in. per Hundred from 25 s. as it did in the Year 1732 and 1733, and remain fo low for a Continuance of Time, the Britijh Sugar Trade mult be loft. Wi t h regard to the Exportation of refin’d Sugars, it is very remarkable, that though an ad¬ ditional Bounty is allowed upon the Exportation thereof, and though little raw Sugar has been ex¬ ported for two or three Years paft, yet the Quan¬ tity of refin’d Sugar exported to foreign Markets is leflen’d, inftead of being increafed; fo that the Exportation of refin'd Sugars ferns to be noway affedled by the Liberty propofed 3 the Conteft between us and the French not being who ftiall fupply foreign Markets with refin’d, but with raw Sugars; and as the Dutch and Hamburghers can and do refine as well, if not better 3 than the Britijh Subjects, they are furniflied with thofe Materials for doing it by the French , which we formerly furnifh’d them with, and might do fo again by the Liberty granted in the Bill. G 4 Obj: 5 h * Vide Appendix B* [ 88 ] Object. III. That this Liberty will be pre¬ judicial to the Trade and Navigation of Great Britain . AnJ'w . It is apprehended, the very Reverfe will be the Confequence of this Liberty, be- caufe the more Vent there is for Sugar at Fo¬ reign Markets, the more Sugar will be made in our Plantations, and confequently more Negroes and other Materials for making of Sugar will be fent to the Sugar Ifiands, which have taken off from Great Britain within the Term of twelve Years upwards of the Value of Five Millions of Pounds Sterling, befides another Million and a half that went to Africa within that Term; all which in a Circulation of Trade muft have employed great Numbers of Britifh Ships and Seamen, which will naturally increafe or diminifh in Proportion to the Quantity of Sugar raifed in our Sugar Ifiands; and it is provided by the Bill, that no Ships are to be employed in this particular Branch of Trade, but fuch as are built in Great Britain , and navigated accord¬ ing to Law; and fuch Ships are to return to. Great. Britain within a limitted Time after the Delivery of the Cargo at any Foreign ’■'i* * ' 'V . « ’ j ■ * t [ 8 9 3 Port, before they return to America; and in this Cafe the Sugars, which, when we had an Exportation, ufed always to be exported in Foreign Bottoms, will be carried in Britijh Bottoms. i. Object. IV. That the Ships employed in this Trade will be refitted at Foreign Ports, and the Seamens Wages paid there. Anfw . This may be urged in regard to every Branch of Trade carried on from Great Britain to any Foreign Ports, with much greater Strength than in the prefent Cafe, be- caufe the Ships who carry Sugars to Fo¬ reign Markets under this Bill are obliged to return to Great Britain within Eight Months, which the Ships concerned in any other Branch of Trade are not obliged to do ; and conse¬ quently they are not under the fame Neceffity or Temptation to refit, as Ships in other Branches of Trade may. Besides, if they refit abroad, theymuftbe at a much greater Expence than if they did it at home $ for when they refit at home, they difcharge all their Sailors, one only excepted: Whereas, if they refit abroad, they mu ft have all their Sailors: Whofe Wages a$d Provifion will \ [ 9 ° ] will more than over-balance what they mighf otherwife fave in refitting there: And as to the Seamens Wages, the Bill provides, that no more than one half thereof fhall be paid before the Ship returns to Great Britain . But fuppofe they fhould refit and pay abroad, the Expence thereof cannot amount to one tenth of the Value of the whole Cargo, which will be altogether paid for by the Foreign Confumer; fo that the other nine tenths will even in that Cafe centre in Great Britain , by Bills of Exchange or otherwife • great Part of which will be laid out in Britijh Produce and Manufactures, neceflary for the railing more Sugar, and thereby pay the Britifi Manu¬ facturer, and the Freight of the whole Voyage, and alfo for the whole Labour in raifing the Sugar out of the Money thus raifed upon Fo¬ reigners by means of this Liberty. Object. V. That this Liberty, if granted, would be of no Ufe,-fince the French would notwithftanding ftill underfell us in Foreign Markets. Anjw . This Objedtion gives up the Foreign Sugar Trade as abfolutely loft, and therefore op- pofes any Means being ufed to retrieve it - y the Sugar E 9^ ] Sugar-Planters and Merchants are of a different Way of thinking, and by the Help of a diredl Exportation, not only hope to fhare with the French in this Trade, but to beat them out of it: for with this Liberty they are of Opinion they fhall be able to underfell the French , and they hope it will foon be put to the Trial whe¬ ther they are or not. When we had an Exportation to Foreign Markets, all the Sugars fent abroad were chiefly exported from the Port of London , and came to the Foreign Market loaded with the increafed Charges mentioned in the Calcula¬ tions contained in the Appendix; and yet thofe Sugars were fold in Foreign Markets as cheap as the French: if therefore thofe Charges are taken off by a diredt Exporta¬ tion, it neceffarily follows, we fhall be thereby enabled to underfell the French . * : ' > l - t * . • ** ObjeB . VI. That the Sugar Colonies make more Sugar now than they did formerly; therefore they ftand in Need of no new En¬ couragement. Anjw. The Confumption of Sugar is greatly increafed, and the Britifh Planters have increafed their Sugar Settlements, and brokg [ 9 2 3 Broke up new Lands, in proportion to the Demand : But the French having rivalled them in this Trade, and beat them out of Fo¬ reign Markets, the Britijh Planters were forced to defert and throw up many of their Settlements 5 and from that Time they have gone on decreafing, and the Fre?ich increafing, in proportion ; and if Matters go on for a few Years longer in the fame Way, we fhall not raife Sugar enough for our own Confumption, but muft purchafe that Commodity from France , as we now do all the Indigo we ufe: But encouraged by the diredt Exportation given by this Bill, the Planters would again increaife and extend their Settlements, and make Sugar fufficient to anfwer every Demand of our own and the Foreign Markets too. Objed ?. VII. That the Britijh Subjects may, as the Law now Hands, fend their Sugars by the Way of Cowes to Foreign Markets for the Charge of 24- per Cent, of the grofs Amount of the Cargo; and therefore any Law for a diredt Exportation is unneceflary. AnJ'w . This Objection proceeds upon an imaginary Computation, there having been no Inltance £hewn of any Sugars exported by the Way *» [ 93 3 * Way of Cowes.—* It has indeed been done hi Rice; but they are Commodities of a very diffe¬ rent Nature, and the Expence of landing and refhipping Sugars is much greater than that of Rice, befides the Damage Sugar is liable to, by having die very Quality of it altered in their moving, the Molaffes at the Bottom again in¬ termixing with, and fpoiling the upper Part of the Sugar - 9 and like wife from the Waftage Sugar (which is in the Nature of an effential Salt) is liable to in the fhifting and moving; befides, from the niceft Calculations that have been made for this Purpofe, it is apprehended, that Sugars could not be exported by the Way of Cowes , but at an Expence of i o per Cent\ upon the neat Value or Proceeds of the Sugars to the Owners thereof ** But fuppofing the Fadt was as here ftated, yet every fingle Objection that is made againft the Bill for a diredt Exportation, lies, not only with the fame, but much greater Strength, againft carrying Sugars by Way of Cowes $ becaufe Ships going by the Way of Cowes would not be liable to any of the Reftridtions laid by this Bill, nor be under any Obligation of returning to Great Britain , f Vide Appendix (B.) So L 94 ] , - ' • ' 4 •' * * ? So that let the Expediency of this Bill b® tried upon the footing of this Objection:—— On the one hand, by the Help of a direct Ex¬ portation, the Planters and Merchants think they fhall be able to regain the foreign Sugar Trade;—but, without it, they can fee nothing but certain inevitable Ruin and Deftruftion upon the whole Sugar Trade of this Kingdom j fo that, if they are in the Right, the Confe- quence of denying them this Liberty mu ft be the entire Lofs of the Sugar Settlements (and particularly that valuable Ifland Jamaica) to this Kingdom, and of all thole many and great National Benefits and Advantages arifmg from them, and be the Occafion of fixing the whole Sugar Trade of Europe in the Hands of the French Whereas, on the other hand, if the Planters fhould be mifiaken, no poffible Na¬ tional Inccnveniencies could arife from the Ex¬ periment being tried, beeaufe they can do the very fame Thing now, by touching and land¬ ing at Cowes y and that not only without being under any of the many Reflridtions provided by this Bill, but, if this Objection fpeaks Truths at the inconfiderable Expence only of 2 4. pet Cent, Upon { 95 3 Upon the Whole therefore, and as this Bill is propoled only to be a temporary one for 5 Years, and as it will be in the Power of the Legiflature, if any unforefeen Inconveniency fhould arife from it, to fhorten its Duration, and as the Advantages propofed by it are of fo great and fo momentous a Nature, and the Difad vantages alledged fovery inconfiderablej It is humbly hoped the ’Experiment Jhall be tried , and that the Bill granting Li¬ berty of a dir ell Exportation of Sugars y under the RefriBions therein mention d % Jhall pafs into a Law * ■V—I p % w P-. Ph s S 3 C « «o ' <3 CXi ON CS '~S$ Si to <3 E g h 3 n^ r 'S 2 S 3 V$ g 'Ci rv Jw TO TO C Si -V ^ S. to .'Ni ns bs cq s. s NS iS 1 • o N (S Ns v:) to -to TO 5s. ^ r Ns C/5 os *3 , ,5$ G ^ctt b-Q*£ Cj ^s ^ S3 <3 %'ro Ns • TO •TO I? Ns "TO un £ •tro.Nj *-• CN C /5 CsS E <±3 - •—• u> ~G S* » „ ,b> Oo ^ S3 ■w .__ . SU’to K U ^ £ cs JZ co ^ »= V. TO Co bO -cn, 3 OJ CO bU -o QJ G CG o> P^ TO u. c TO G TO 4-» TO j-i TO bJ) 3 CO S is s: V. n> P4 co H3 TO CJ cS b£) O ffi ? 6 ] VO ^ co n CO +J J>. •TO H-l - i N CO 0 U) 1 VO TO ON VO ^ O °° •TO TO 00 NO 0 - CO o CO ^ Z> TO TO ^ O O fv. I'-s NO CO VO co 0 CO TO TO OJ TO OJ OS co in onn bJ bJ TO CO ON CO o» o 00 +J X^. M TO OO OO co x\ x}- to t-* ON cs ON CS CO TO ON CS W o IT)(N O O cs UN CO b) CO TO l 7 l 5 to 1719 H ^O a» 'O ON ON UN ON ON On UN UN VO to S3 u< vs i\ IN, co tro. <3 £ s ^4 . _ , vb- ^ns u g; «^ U g o <1 b . ?s 7 O (•< S3 «3 is |2 •ts * M f>N «0 b « a> fe-SrC O k« H f 97 J c n I - * rP Ph e: ca o> £ o d co 3 O CO « S 3 £ -d tz +-» O O pH -T3 d d d aS rd 4-i J-t o 55 rv §5 a § 5x Vx ■so "SS O d /,» 4_> 4> o jd f , J * ^o,cr> oo oo OO ►“! rj- VO CO oo h ^T) oo co CO H-i M 'CD rM CO HI tj- CO « O h CO GV On £">. tJ- h 4 co rh CT> ^ OO N CO o J3 d co d #\ CO 4-1 h •-. CJ >-H \D oo vo d- On co uo OO *X3 4* 4-i u O a, .8 V) i— d tu 3 GO Si •&> a a *x a C> •x* <5» *o H-k *X a a Cs ^ -7; -a «M) Cb •x* a j§ i '§>■ v>-§ a s; <5 > rs a o a a* Si • ^ a •v» ' ^ a ^ j; kJ t? k. a o CO «v> ' r-i § cT d a •KcS e « _d S' •V*. a cs 'U "Vk «s» a a • *4 ■V* a "a a a -- ^ a h ^s •*>* _r d d •a Na a sa ^ a* ^T’^r a b» T 3 •■ 4 ; £S a b d w a -r ? [ 93 ] A P P E N D I X (B). An Account of the Sale of io Hogfheads of Su ~ gar in London, Calculated at 25 s. 20 s. 16 s« 13. s. and ns. per Hundred. N° (I.) at 25 s. per C. /. s . d . /. s. d , To Cuftom of 120 C. at 3 j 6^. per C. abate 5 per S 19 19 00 Cm. 3 Bill Monev, Primage and*? Poft '- J Lighterage and Wharfage! 9 Porterage 10^. Coo- ( perage 6 is 2 s. 1 d.C per Hogfhead -—- J Land-Waiters 3 d Primage 1 6 Peerage 1^ is iop d. > per Hogfhead - 3 Warehoufe Rent 6 Weeks, at 3 d. per Hosihead per Week —-* Freight on 120 C. at 3J. 6 d. 21 o o 036 o 10 o 8 o 15 o ‘Commillion and Brokerage 3 Cent. Insurance on 12 5 /. at 4 Cm. and Policy, being the Medium between Jamaica and the othey Iflands Charges —■-- —— Net Produce to the Proprietor Amount of the Sale of 10 Hogfheads qt. 120 C. at 25 A 4 3 1 1 410 a 546 53 1 96 18 150 o 0 A P P E N D I X I X (B). [ 99 ] A~P PEND An Account of the Charges that may he faved on the io Hogjheads of Sugar per Contra, by being carried from the Sugar JJlands dire hi ly to Hamburgh. On Importation 1 , as on the other Side. /. s . d. 1 . s, d , Bill Money, Primage and i ^ Poll -? 3 6 Lighterage,Wharfage, Por- i terage and Cooperage J Primage, Waiters and ^ Warehoufe - y Intereft on the Drawback, £ 4 Months at 5 per Cent. y o o 10 5 6 2 12 4 Commiftion and Brokerage 410 o On Exportation to Hamburgh . All petty Charges at 6 d. per C. 300 Commiftion on 153/. at2i per Cent. - y 3 1 2 Waft age and Pilferage from taking out to re-ihipping > 3 2 C?;z/. 3 Freight at 6;. 8 d. per | o Hogftiead * Infurance faved -I Cent. and Policy - -- 1 20 /. 9 s. 8 */. on 96 /. 18 j. j 5 d. is 2 1 per Cent. y H 2 3 6 !°■» 8 6 '*3 7 4 20 9 8 N° (II.) * Taking all the Northern Ports at a Medium, but the Freight to the Southern Ports is above twice as much. [ 4 1 GO ] N° (II.) at 20 s. per C. /. s. d % I. s . To Cuftom, Pott Charges i and Freight, as before 3^3 ^ 1 Commiftion and Brokerage } 3 per Cent. -* 5 3 12 0 Infurance on 90 l. at 4 per 7 ^ v Cent, and Policy -— 3 ^ 1 Charges - Net Produce or cliar Value 7 to the Owner — 3 Amount of the Sale of j 120 C. at 20 's. - 5 50 15 7 6 9 4 5 120 O O N° (III.) at 16 s. per C. 1 . s. d. /. s. d. To Cuftom, Port Charges 7 . and Freight, as before J ^3 ? 1 Com million and Brokerage 217 7 Infurance o'n 60 l. at 4 per 3 Cent. and Policy — I 2 12 Charges Net Produce 48 17 2 47 2 10 96 o 0 An Amount of 120C, at 16 s. 6 4 4 [ ioi ] An Account of what may be faved when fold at 20 s. per C. On Importation. /. s. d. 1 . s. d. Port Charges, Intereft,Com- > million and Brokerage 5 On Exportation. Petty Charges, Waftage, i o Pilferage and Freight 3 ^ Commillion on 122/. ios.i at 2 per Cent. - 3 ' 9 Infurance ~ per Cent, and 7 Policy - 5 O 12 o o II 15 10 18/. os. id. on 69/. 4 s. §d. 7 is 26 per Cent. — 3 18 0.2 5 9 11 An Account of what may be faved at 1 6 s. per C, On Importation. I. s. d. 1 . s. d. Port Charges, Intereft,Com- ^ million and Brokerage 3 On Exportation. Petty Charges, Waftage ,7 « Pilferage and Freight, 3 ^ Commillion, Infurance, and ) Policy, - f 2 9 10 14 3 1 61. 4 .S. id. on 47/. is. 10 d. \ is 34 per Cent. —- 3 1 6 H 3 N 1 [ 102 ] N° (IV.) at 13 s. per C. 1 . s. d. 1 . s. d. To Cuftom, Port Charges! , and Freight, as before ^ CommifTion and Brokerage 269 Infuranee on 40 /. at 4 per } ( Cent, and Policy - S 1 Charges Net Produce 47 10 4 30 9 8 Amount of 120 C. at 13 78 o o e. N° (V.) at 11 s. per C. 1 . s. d. 1 . s. d. To Cuflom, Port Charges 1 and Freight, as before 3^3 ^ CommifTion and Brokerage 1 19 7 Jnfurance on 40 1 . * at 4 per ! & £ Cent, and Policy - 3 1 1 Charges Net Produce 47 3 2 18 16 IQ Amount of 120 C. at 11 s. (56 o o [ io 3 ] An Account of what may be faved at i^s.perC. On Importation. /. s, d . 1 . s. d. Port Charges, Intereft, ^ . Committion and Broker- £ 4 J 9 J age - S On Exportation. Petty Charges, Wattage, 7 Pilferage and Freight 3 ^ 1 7 10 Committion, Infurance and 7 Policy - S 2 O O - 9 17 10 14/. 16 s. 11 d. on 30 /. 9 j. 8 is 48 per Cent. A11 Account of what may be l^ved when fold at 11 s. per C. On Importation. I. s . d. 1 . s. d . Port Charges, Interett, Committion and Broker- 7* 4 11 1 % age On Exportation. Petty Charges, Wattage, Pilferage and Freight Committion, Infupance and Policy } ^ '3 \ I 14 o 9 7 13/. 19 s. o d. on 18/. 16.1. 10 d. is 74 .per Cent 13 19 o [ I0 4 ] N. B. Freight from Jamaica is 10 /. per Ton of 4 Hogiheads in time of Peace, which at 12 C. ■per H id. is 4 s. 2 d. per C . which will make 1 per Cent, more on the Account N° (l.) and more in proportion on the other Accounts. 6 d. per C. extraordinary Freight to Hamburgh on the Account N° 1. is 3 per Cent. lefs,makes iS per Cent , 2. -4 - - - 22 3. -6 - - 28 4. - 10 - - 38 5. 16 - 58 And fo in proportion for any other Charge or Savings, in Freight * or otherwife. N. B. Hoe Sugar that has been exported to Foreign Markets , has been generally loaded with all the Charges mentioned in the above Account under the Head of Savings by a direct Exportation ; but if the Planter were to export his Sugars from London upon his own Account , without altering the Property , the Charges would be lejfened in the ' Articles of Brokerage and double Commijfion . X.Ii. I Hhd. Cz 5 ) | fg i \ ioT r-16 S 1N«| of Sugar con- \ 20 I •§ \ 6 1 8 5 / ,3 \ 1 1 6 / £ | / 2 tainine; 12 C. < 16 > 414 3 S s 7 10 > -u 8 > 2 to fell at o I3 0 11 \ 1 $ 1 ( f 4 UiJ *7 (.3 2J 5 Thus it appears that the Difference between the net Produce of a Hhd. of Sugar to fell at 1 6 s. per C. or at 25 s. per C. is above 100 per Cent . altho’ the Difference of the Price is but 9 s . per , Cent . which is not a Penny a Pound. ’ 1 The ■v > * Pide rage 16. 21. 22. 27. 32. 33. [ iP5 J The Amount of the Savings by the direct Expor¬ tation of Sugar. 7 ’o Hamburgh by the foregoing Calculations. To Ho Hard , by another Cal¬ culation. At 12 C. per Hhd. At 10 C. per Hhd; At 10 C per Hhd. At 25s.per CM 21 perCent. 22 p.Cent 2 1 per Cent. 20 - 26 2 7 2 6 t . - - 34 ; 35 35 t 13 - - 48 49 50 11 - - 74 76 -1 77 T Suppofe the Charges at Cowes * were but 2 7 per Cent, this with Waftage and Pilferage, (befides Lofs of Time) cannot amount to lefs than 5 per Cent, on the Grofs Amount. That is /. s. d. s. 74 per Cent, on 96 18 5^0 ^-25 per C. 8f- - - - 69 4 5 /Ph « \2Q 10 - - - 47 2 io>t> g•f *\ • • .• v • J J v ' The Form of a Licence given in purfuance of the Aft of the 12 Geo. II. cap. 30. By the Commiffioners for managing and caufing to be levied and collefted His Majefty’s Cuftoms, &c . in London . A LICENCE to load and carry Sugars of the Growth , Produce and Manufacture of any of His Majejlys Sugar Colonies hi America, from the faid Colonies direCily to any foreign Part of Europe, except Ireland, purfu ant to an Acl pa fed in the 1 2 th Tear of His prefent Majefy King GEORGE the Second,. W HEREAS it appears to us by the annexed Certificate of the Colleftor and Comptroller of His Majefty’s Cuftoms at the Port of That purfuant to the Aft above mentioned one of His Majefty’s Subjefts refiding at hath given due Notice of his Intention to fhip or load in the faid Colonies, Sugars of the Growth, Production and Manufafture thereof, on board »» % , ■» t the Ship or VelTel called the whereof is Mafter, and I 2 bound [ ti6] bound for one of the faid Sugar Colonies; and for that Purpofe hath given Security, with Condition to comply with the feveral Regula¬ tions, Matters and Things required by the laid Add to be done and performed, as more fully appears by the faid Certificate annexed; whereby it alfo further appears to us, that Proof hath like wife been made by the of the Mailer or Perfon taking Charge of the Ship, that the Property thereof is in His Majefty’s Subjects refiding in Great Britain , or that the major Part of them refide there, and the Refid ue in His Majefty’s Sugar Colonies in America , and not elfe- where, and that the other Requifites men¬ tioned in the laid Adi, have been duly com¬ plied with. KNOW YE THEREFORE, That aforefaid, the Mailer or other Perfon having or taking Charge of the faid Ship or Veffel for this pre- fent Voyage, or any of his Majelly’s Britijh Subjects, is, or are by Virtue of the faid Adi, hereby licenfed to fhip or load at or any other of his Majelty’s Sugar Colonies in America , Sugars of the Growth, Produce and Manufacture thereof. i to [ ”7 3 to be carried to fome foreign Part of Europe* except Ireland\ PROVIDED the Conditions of the faid Bond, and the feveral Regulations prefcribed by the faid Aft, be duly performed,, Given under our Hands at the Cujlom-Houfe, London , the Day of in the Year of the Reign of His Majefty King GEORGE the Second, and in the Year of our Lord One thouland feven hundred and . i o «'''ill Y: , . 1 \ Sugar. [ ”8 3 A P E N '/In Account of the Duties on Sugar, Rita* Inwards. "Brown and Mufcowadoes Sugar, from the Britifh Plan- 7 tations , the Hundred Weight containing 112 lb. J r C of Eaft-India-- ■■■■■ ■ - brown, the Hund. Wc cont. 112 lb.') not of Eaft- India. in Britifh Ships - in Ships not be-' > G \ CJ longing to Great f Brit, or Ireland, | or Foreign built J of Eaft-India--- —— white, the Hund. ) Wt. cont. 11 2 lb. j not o/Eaft- J 1 , f s no 1 f * longing to Great f Brit, or Ireland, f or Foreign built. J India. 'of Eaft-India < Mufcovadoes.thtYiv.ndi. 3 \ Wt. con:. u:/i. “Wo/Eaft. j ^”% ie 'l I India S 10 Great I t lndla - I Brit, on Ireland, f L 0 r Foreign built J 1 r o/'Eaft-India—- - - — —■. = » from the Britifh Plantations —— M to/Eaft-r« Britifh Weight cont. i.2&^ In , d,a ; A " m i/~ ° • not from < longing to Great the Brit. I Brit, or Ireland, Plant. or Foreign built. [ > >9 ] D I X. N° 3. Spirits, and MolafTes, Imported into Great Britain, Rates. j Dut I ES TO BE By 12 Car. II. By ii j Geo. I. Paid on Importation. Repaid on Expor¬ tation, in Time, , , cap.4,^c. cap. 7. .By Hritijb. Joy Strangers. by any Perfon. /. s. d. 1 . s. d. 1 . s. d. I ao /. s. > C 1U of Spain , Portugal, or Italy, the Toh containing 252 Gallons. longing to Great I Brit, or Ireland, J* or Foreign built J in Britifh Ships -- in Ships not be - longing to Great Brit, or Ireland, or Foreign built [ 121 ] R A T E S._j Dut I es to be By 12 - By n. Car» II* ' Geo. J. Paid on Importation. jRepaid on Expor¬ tation, in Time, cap. 4 ,£ 2 V.' cap. 7 . By Britijh, j By St rangers, by any Pjribns. /. J. d. /. J. d* /, s. d> T "o ^ d% "xlS 17 00 17 O Q 2 OO 2 O O. 2 8 5 8 2 12 3 8 0588 0628 12 8 8 2 o 4 iq o o o' o 1 13 6 8 13 6 8 12 8 8 628 0628 2 o 4 10 049 049 8003 16-ro O 4 1 jVo o 3 6fE 1 18 o 980 2 1 4 ■—1 11 8 — 9 11 4 918 To be paid by the Importer in ready Money, without .Dif- count upon Entry before Landing, and nothing repaid on Exportation. ■\ p o o 30 00 o 030 OQ513 0 o © o 15 O o o o oji5 003 6 6 ^ 5 5 6 “|5 13 o — 329 .5 13 o .3 6 6 | -3 6 6 4 11 3 - 4113- 2 13 7 10 2 15 7 10 Brandy. [ 122 ] Inwards . in Britifh Ship of all other Countries not otherwife rated, the Ton containing 252 Gallons --- — in Ships not he-1 longing to Great f Brit, or Ireland, r or Foreign built J But Brandy may not be imported in any other than British or Irijb Ships, or Ships of the Built of the Country of which it is the Product, or of the Port where it can only, or is mod ufually frit fhipped, nor in Calks not containing 60 Gallons, Citron Water the Gallon . . .. ■ Gene v a the Gallon * ■ ■ ■ » m Rosa Solis, and all other Cordial Waters not otherwife } rated, the Gallon »*—■» J Rates? [ *23 3 Rates. [ Duties TO BE By By II Geo , I. cap# 7* Paid on Importation. Repaid on Expor¬ tation, in Time s by any Perfon. Car. II. cap. 4 ,&c. By Britijb. By Strangers. ' 1 . s. d. /• s* d*\£• £• d • ^ /. /• d. /, d* * 5 “'o o o o 20 O O 3 17 ° — 4 2 0 - 3 7 6 — o o o / 20 O O 420 - 420 — S 3 7 6 — 0 o o I o o o 2 II 3 *t 032 3 tt 0 2 5 9rx o o o O' I o 002 13^- 002 i6^ t 002 7*4 0 o o 0 10 0 o i 6 l™r 017 ii^j |o \ 3 4 tt appendix. [ 124 j A P P E N D I X. N° 4. Extracts of Laws and Rules relating to the Plantation Trade. f. * » 12 Car . II. cap. 18. An Adi for En¬ couraging and Increafmg of Shipping and Navigation. O 1 Sedl. 4.^T O Goods or Commodities of fo~ reign Growth which are brought into England to be fhipped or brought from any other Place or Country, but only thofe of the Paid Growth, or from thofe Ports where the faid Growth can only, or are, or ufually have been firft fhipt for Tranfportation, and from no other Places or Countries, under for- ■» feiture of ail luch Goods, as alfo of the Ship in which they were imported, with all her Guns, Furniture, Ammunition and Apparel, one half to the King, and one half to the Informer. Sedl. 18. [ I2 5 1 Se£t. 18. No Sugars, &c. to be carried from any Englifh Plantation, but to his Ma- jefty’s Dominions. Sedl. 19. Bond to be given in England, that if the Ship takes in any Sugar, &c. in our Plantations, the fame (hall be by the faid Ship brought to England or Ireland , and there un¬ load the fame. f ^ V * >*• .»* *• l ' ,« ' *• •*-. \Y‘ ' • ‘ *, , • *’ • ■> * 't l/i 'v 1 s " 14 Car . II. cap. i 1. An Adi for preventing Frauds , and regulating Abufes in his Ma- jejlys Cufloms . Sell. 2. The Mafter or Purler of any Ship or Veffel arriving from Parts beyond the Seas, fhall make a juft and true Entry upon Oath of the Burthen, Contents and Lading of every fuch Ship or Veffel, with the particular Marks, Numbers, Qualities, and Contents of every Parcel of Goods therein laden, to the beft of his Knowledge ; alfo where and in v/hat Port Ihe took in her Lading, who was Mafter during the Voyage, and who are Owners thereof and in all Out-Ports or Members, to come dl- redtly up to the Place of unlading, as the Con¬ dition of the Port requires, and will admit, and making Entries as aforefaid upon the Penalty of the Forfeiture of 100 /. SeSl. 3. E 126 ] Setf. 3. The Mailers of all Ships outward hound, to enter at the Cuftom-Houfe, and declare to what Port or Place fhe intends to pafs or fail: and before they depart with fuch Ship out of fuch Port, {hall bring and deliver in a Content in Writing under their Hands of the Names of every Merchant that {hall have laden and put on Board any Goods and Men- chandizes, together with the Marks and Num¬ bers, and (hall likewife publickly in the open Cuftom-Houfe, upon his corporal Oath to the bed of his Knowledge, anfwer to fuch Quefiions as {hall be demanded of him by the Cuftomcr, concerning fuch Goods, uppn Forfeiture of 1 qo L Seif. 6 . Such Per Ion as {hall forcibly hinder, affront, abufe or beat Officers of the Cuftoms in .the Execution of their Duties, to be committed to Friibn by the next Juflice of Peace, or other Ma- giflrate,there to remain till the next Quarter Set- lions : And the Juilices of the Peace of the faid Quarter Seffions fiiall puniffi the Offender by Fine, not exceeding one hundred Pounds,and the Offender is to remain in Prifon till he be diff charged by Order of the Exchequer, both of the Fine and of the Imprifonment* or difeover [ 127 3 the Perfon who fet him on work, to the End he may be legally proceeded againft. Se£l. 8. Any Officer that fhall make any falfe Certificate of any Goods or Merchandizes which fhould have been landed out of any Ship or Veffel, fhall lofe his Employment, and for¬ feit 50/. Se£t. 9. Goods fecretly conveyed beyond the Seas, uncuftomed and undifcovered by the Officers, the Owners, or fuch who fhip’d, or caufed the fame to be fhip’d, to forfeit double the Value of the Goods. Se5t. io* Every Merchant, or other, paf* fing any Goods inwards, or outwards, fhall by himfelf, or known Servant, Faftor or Agent, fubfcribe one of his Bills of every Entry, with the Mark, Number and Contents of every Parcel of fuch Goods. Seff. 35. Every Perfon that fhall export any Goods or Merchandize from England capable of a Ship or Veffel of two hundred Tons, upon an ordinary full Sea, to any Part or Place of the Mediterranean Sea beyond the Port of Malaga , or import any Goods or Mer¬ chandizes from the Ports or Places aforefaid to any Port of this Kingdom, in any Ship or Veffel that hath not two Decks, and doth carry lefs f 128 ] tfs than 16 Pieces of Ordnance mounted, t 5 ~ gether with two Men for each Gun, and other Ammunition proportionable, fhall pay 1 per Cent . over and above the Subfidy of Tonnage and Poundage, other wile due and SeB. 36. Fish may be exported from any of his Majefty’s Dominions into any of the Ports in the Mediterranean Sea aforefaid, in any Englijh Ship or Veffel whatloever, provi¬ ded that one Moiety of her full Lading be Filh. only, and in fuch Cafe to import any Merchandize in the fame Ship for that Voyage, without paying any other Duties of Tonnage and Poundage than were heretofore accultom- tdi } 5 Car . II. cap. 7. An AB for the Encou¬ ragement of Trade. SeB. 6. No Commodity of the Growth of E/rrope fhall be imported into the Plantations, but from Great Britain , under Penalty of forfeiting fuch Goods, together with the Shipl Guns, Tackle, Furniture, Ammunition and Apparel. Except , Salt from Europe for the Fifheries of New-England, Newfoundland , Penflvania , and [ 129 ] and 1 Vfw-York} Wines of and from the Madciras , and the Weftern Ifiands, or A- zores; and Servants, Ilorfes and Vidluals of and from Ireland , by Britijh and in BritiJJo Ships. Car. II. cajp. 7. Sedl. 7. 13 Geo. I. aip.*j. Sedl; 1. 3 Geo. II. cap. 12. Sedl. 1* Except alfo Irijh Linnen Cloth from Ireland , by Britijh or Irijh, fo long as Britijh Linnen is permitted to be imported into Ireland free-3, 4 Ann. cap. 8. Sedl. 1, u. r Geo- I; dap. 26. Sedl. 3; 3 Geo. I. cap. 21. Sedl. 1. Sell. 9. No Officer to give any Warrant for, or fuffer any Sugar, Ginger, Cotton,' In¬ digo, <&c. to be carried to any Country or Place whatfoever, until firft unladen, and put on Shore in Great Britain , under the Penalties in the Adi mentioned. 22 Car . II. cap; 26. An Adi to prevent the planting of Tobacco in England, and regu¬ lating the Burnt at ion Trade. Sell. il. Iceland left out, and the Bonds diredled to be given by the 12 Car. II. en¬ forced, and to be taken by the Governors of the Englijh Plantations, [ 1 ^° 3 Sect. 12. T h e Governors of the Plantations are to return yearly to the Cuftom-Houie, a Lift of all Ships as fhall lade any Sugars, &c # in our Plantations, and if fuch Ships fhall un¬ lade fuch Sugars, &c. in any other Port of Europe , other than England , the Ship and Cargo forfeited. i *. • ~ ' t ^'■ ( ] i 25 Car . II. cap. 7. An AB jor the Encou¬ ragement of the Greenland and Eaftland \Trades t and for the better fecuring the Plantation Trade. ' f ■ 1 SeB. 3. Giving Bond to bring the enume¬ rated Goods, &c. of the American Plantations ■*- * ' * V ‘ 1 . ; V * ... . ... to England further enforced, and a Duty laid on certain enumerated Commodities carried t « • • from one EngliJJj Plantation to another. 7, 8. IV All. cap. 22. An AB for preve?iting Frauds , and regulating Abufes in the Plan¬ tation Trade. SeB. 5. Officers in the Plantations to give Security for the true and faithful Perform^ ance of their Duty. SeB. 6. That all Ships coming into, or-* going out of any of the laid Plantations, and lading i 13 1 $ lading or unlading any Goods or Commodities, the Matter thereof, and'their Ladings (hall be iuhjedtand liable to the fame Rules, Vifitations, Searches, Penalties and Forfeitures as to the entring,. lading and difcharging their refpeftive Ships and Ladings; as the Ships and their La¬ dings, and their Mafters are liable to by 14 Car. II, And the Officers in the faid Planta¬ tions. fhall have the fame Powers and Authority for viliting and fearching Ships, and taking their Entries, and for ieizing, ferving, and bringing on Shore any of the Goods prohibited to be imported or exported, or for which any Duty are payable, as are provided by the faid Aft; S : e£t. 8. Notwithstanding the Pay¬ ment of the enumerated Duties, no Sugars, &c. to befhipped’till fuch Security given as required by-'the Afts of 12 and 22 Car . II. Sedl: 1,3. Persons entring into the Plan- tatiomBonds* to be of known Ability, and the Condition of the faid Bonds lhall be to produce Certificates of having landed and difcharged the Goods therein mentioned in his Majefty’s Plan¬ tations, or in England , within 18 Months^ otherwife the Bond to be in Force, K 2. £e£t. I4v. [ l 3 2 I ScSii 14. No Plantation Goods to be landed in Ireland , unlefs firft landed in England. 4 Geo. II. cap. 15. *SV£?. 1. It (hall be lawful to import into Ireland from his Ma- ]efty’s Plantations in America , all Goods of the Growth or Manufacture of his Majetty’s Plan¬ tations (except Sugars, Tobacco, Cotton, Wool, Indigo, Ginger, Speckle Wood, Fuftick, or other dying Wood, Rice, Molafles, Beaver Skins, and other Furrs, Copper Ore, Pitch > Tarr, Turpentine, Matts, Yards and Bowfprits, the A6t 7 and 8 W. Ill, cap. 22. notwith- ftanding. Sell, 2. Provided the Goods be imported in BritiJJo Shipping, whereof the Matter and three fourths of the Mariners are Englijh , 5 Geo, II. cap. 9. The ACt 9 Annce i cap. i2 0 and the ACt 1 Geo, I. cap. 12. which prohibit the Importation of Hops into Ireland from Flanders , and other Parts (other than from Great Britain) fhall be in Force, as if the A4 Geo. II. cap. 15. had never been made. APPEN- t '33 ] APPENDIX. N° s- An Ac co un t of the Prices of Sugar at fede¬ ral Ports of Europe, compared with the Prices at London ; calculated with the Du¬ ties of 3 s. 4 d. per C. paid in London, and the Duties at other Ports , but without any Regard to Freight or other Charges on , one Side, or the other. LEGHORN. S UGAR is fold here at fo many Dollars or Fiaftres per Quintal of 151 lb. Leghorn Wt. for 2 Months Credit, with a Difcount of 2 per Cent . or 6 Months without Difcount. lb. ' lb. 151 in Leghorn is equal to about 116 Englifk B 145 or thereabouts is equal to 112 A Piaftre or Dollar is from 48 d. to 52 d 9 according to the Courle of Exchange, which is now at 49 d\ ~ in London. K 3 6 Piaftres <[ 134 3 (• * N 6 Piaftres/^r Quintal of Leghorn^ per 1 1 2 lb* is equal to ,27 s, in Jjmdon $ . . . . g£ \ ’wife the 10 .... 43 T Dut y °f 1 2 .... 5 1 I 3 *• 4 J G 45 A r 0 ^?. Sugar is fold .here at fo many Livres current Money per i oo /A Genoa Wt. with an Allowance for Wafte of 2 Cent . 100 at Genoa is equal to about 70 /A Englijh , ^159 e . . is equal “to 1 T 2 The current Money is about i6 per Cent a w.orfe 'than Bank Money, which Difference is . their Agio. 5 5 Livres Bank is 1 Piaffre or Piece of Eight, I Piaftre or Piece of |is worth from . 52 to 56 d. Englijh. , according to the Courfe of Exchange. 53 d. is now the Exchange at London y and 55 d. at Genoa, •0 •"* \ v . r . ; : . 20 Livre 0 [ 135 ] »f * *- f ‘ » * *• •' ' J , f • t • jr -> / i . 20 Livrcs per ioo lb. Genoa 'Wt.lper 112 lb. is equal to *26 s. ' 3 0 - • • • • • 37 1 35 40 43 48 : 6 d. in London with the Duty. VENICE . * l ~ if » , * . , , . — . , ’ . * * *•■ In this City they have alfo a Bank, and Sugar is fold at fo many Ducats current Mone for a large Hundred, which is about 105 lb Englp , and their fmall Hundred is 66 lb. 11 oz. Englp . A Ducat Banco is about 51 d . E??g - - lip; but there is a fettled Agio of 20 per Cent . between Bank and current Money ? which mu ft be aedufted, befides an uncertain Agio, which muft allb be deduced to alcertain the true Value of their current Money; fo that a Ducat of current Money may be computed ♦ at about 33 to 36 d . Sterling. K 4 8 Ducats [ ! 3 6 ] 8 Ducats per 1 00 lb. Venice - v per 112 lb. in Wt. is equal to 27 S. | r London with the 10 • • • • 33 1 f Duty of 3 s. 4 4 * 12 0 • • • 34 Jper C, W - 16 * . . . 5 ° : 6 NAPLES. V J i . In this City Sugar is fold at lb many Ducats per Can tar of \()6 lb. Englijh , or i C. 3 Sirs* and a Ducat may be computed at 40 to 42 d. Englijh. ico lb, at Naples is equal to 64 lb. 10 oz. in London . 12 Dollars per Cantar is equal Iper 112 lb. to 26 s. 6 d. I in London 16 . . 34 : 6 f with thp 20 . . 42 J Duty. 24 . . 50 H A M B U R G. At this City Sugar is fold at fo many Crotes Bank Money per Pound, and ulually with t 137 ] with a Rebate of feveral Months more or lefs, and 1 per Cent . for prompt Payment. 100 lb. at Hamburgh is equal to 107 lb. 5 oz. in London. 112 lb. at London is equal to 104 lb. 6 oz. In Hamburgh. The Duties-to the Poor are ~ per Cent . and Imposition \ per Cent. 32 Grotes or 16 Shillings Lubs, or Styvers make a Mark, in which their Accounts » , » are ufually kept. 3 Marks is 1 Rixdollar, which is about 45. 6 d. Sterling, according to the Courfe of Exchange. 12 Deniers or Grotes, or 6 Shillings Lubs is 1 Shilling Flemijh. 20 Shillings Flemijh is 1 Pound Flemijh. Exchange is from 33 to 36 Schellings Flemijh to one Pound Sterling, and is now at 34 s. 1 d. at London. 4 Grotes per Pound in Hamburgh^ per 1 lb. % without any Rebate is e- / in London qual to 23 r. C with the 5 • • • 28 Duties. 4 • • • 33 8 • • • 43 HOLLAND , [ IJ8 3 f v * • j U- \ HOLLAND. PIere Sugar is fold at fo many Gfotes cur¬ rent Money j>er Pound. ioo lb. in Holland is equal to 109 lb. 8 oz. EngliJJ:. ill lb. in London is equal to 102 lb. 4 ox. in Holland. Their Duty is about 3 per Cent, except what comes in Ships from the Plantations, for which there is an Allowance. There is a Bank at Amjterdam , and tire Agio in Holland is ufually from 3 to 5 per Cent. x . » j. 1 They keep their Books and Accounts in Guelders, Sty vers, and Penningens, 1 16 Penningens is 1 Styver. 2:0 Sty vers 1 Guelder, or Florin They alfo reckon, 8 Penningens to 1 Grotc, 2 Grotes to 1 Styver. 9 V s ■- A V i2 Grotes or 6 Sty vers to 1 Schelling. ■V •' 26 Schellings to 1 Pound Flemijh. 1: Exchange is from 34 to 37 Schillings Fieri!fh to one Pound Sterling. 35 s.gd. is now the Exchange at London. A A v 4 Grotes v * . - A [*-*39 3 J a Grotes per Pound in Holland^per 112 IL is equal‘to 22 s. C in London^ , . . . 26 : -6 d. \ including , . . . 31 • the Duties, 5 6 8 41 : 6 — —-*» S PA IN. At Cadiz Sugar is ufually fold on Board at fo many Piaftres or Pieces of Eight, or Dol¬ lars of 8 Ricals Plate per Rove of ,2 5 lb . or per Quintal of 4 Roves. A Quintal, or ib. ' 'y 1 / lb - 100 of Cadrz Wt. is equal to 103 4 £ngli/h a 100 Englijh is equal to . .97 at Cadiz. A Piaftre or Piece of 4 may be computed from 40 to 42 d. Sterling, according to the Courfe of Exchange, which is now at 41 \d. 6 DollarsQuintal of Cadiz oxC per 112 lb. board is equal to 2 5 x. 8 a a a • • 2(0 • 0 a a « 40 J2 • • • • * 47: 6 Alicant, Malaga , and Barcelona have great Part of their Sugar from Cadiz. : FRANCE. in London, 32 : 6 d t > the Duty of 3 s. 4 d* included. [ ' 4 ° ] FRANCE. Throughout this Kingdom Sugar is fold at fo many Livres per Pound, but many of their Cities and Towns differ in their Weights. Their Duty is from 5 to 6 per Cent . upon a low Valuation on what is confumed, and 3 perCent. upon what is re-exported, or car¬ ried direcftly to foreign Markets, and their Port Charges are a good deal lower than in London . A Livreis about 10 d. | Sterling, according to the Courfe of Exchange ; which is now at 32 d. per Crown of 3 Livres. 190 lb in London is equal to about 88 at Rouen and Havre de Grace . 90 at Rochell. 92 at Bourdeaux . 113 at Marfeilles. At HAVRE. 20 Livres per lb. is equal! per 112 lb. in V to igs. 6 d. —. v London with 25 . . 23 : 6 j the Duties. 3 ° • • 28 .. ^.O « » 3 ^ * ' s . ■ \ At [ HI 3 \ At MARSEILLES. 20 Livres per lb. is equal Iper 1 12 lb. in to 24 s. 6 d. L London, with 25 . . 29 6 \ the Duties, 30 . . 35 40 . 45 : 6 The Difference at the other Towns may be eahly computed. > ■** _ N. B. Accounts of this Nature are fubjeCt to many Uncertainties and Variations ; parti¬ cularly in regard to the Exchange , Agio , U- zance , Weights , and Drawing or Remitting Bills, fo that I have not regarded the odd Pence . And I hope , notwithftanding any imaginary or real Imperfections in this Account j zV may prove , in fame Meafure, ufeful to thofe who have not as yet traded to foreign Parts , efpecially when they receive Accounts from , or of the Prices of Sugar , or any other Commodity at the feveral foreign Places herein mentioned, which is the principal Defgn of this Account. C O N- CONTENTS r"MT* H E Sugar Planters' reprefentr their w Danger from the Increafe' of the French Sugar Colonies'; and* the Barba - dians Petition to the King in, the Year* 173 1 * —— Page i tog Setting forth the following Particulars : The Value of the Sugar Iflands, and parti¬ cularly, theJiland of Barbadoes to Great' Britain. — — 2 The Improvements of the foreign Sugar Colonies, and 1 the Encouragements they enjoy* - - 3 The Vent of foreign Sugar, Molaffes, and Rum to the Britifb Northern Colonies in * •' a ■, > ^ . 1 . V. * Exchange for Plantation Neceflaries, and the i 143 ] the Advantages gained by Foreigners thereby Page 4 The Britijh Sugar Colonies declining* con¬ fined to the home Confumption of Sugar, and in great Meafure excluded from Ire¬ land - *— 5 Their Cafh fent to foreign Colonies to pur- chafe foreign Sugar, Molaffes and Rum ib. Foreigners pay lefs Duties than Britijh Subjects .. .— 6 Barbadoes keep up their Fortifications, and maintain their Militia without the 4 ~ per Cent . or any Charge to the Crown — ib . The Fre?ich trade with the Spaniards in America , and fend the Produce of their Sugar Iflands diredtly to Old Spain —. ib # The Englijh have not that Advantage, but lend all their Sugar to Great Britain , and there leave a per Cent . Duty upon Re¬ exportation --— ib. The EngliJlj pay 10 per Cent . more than the French for Sugar carried to the Bri¬ tijh Northern Colonies — 7 The Fre?ich fend Sugar and Rum direftly to Irela?id y which the Englijh could not do, and they have Supplies from Ireland on a& eafy Terms as the Englijh have — ib m [ 144 ]' . \ . . ' ;T A Rehiedy propofed to fave the BritiJB Planters from the Ruin then impending over them Page 8 Encouragements and Regulations in the Plantation Trade granted fince the Year T 1731. - -- 9 To what Caufes thefe Encouragements and Regulations are owing --- 11 Suer! farther Encouragements as are ftill re- quilite to give his Majefty’s Subjects an Ad_ vantage over Foreigners in the American Trade pointed at —- 12 0\ 9\ 0s lv»vlv.|v •• •• • •> #. tv 9s 9s-9s •- 0S • * t\ •' 9s-9s 9s 9 0s. 9s 9s 9*9s0\9*'9s 9s K C H A P. IL On the A£t granting Liberty for carrying Sugar from our Sugar Plantations diredtly to foreign Markets,- with fome Comparifons between the French and Englijh in regard to the Sugar Trade -— 13 to 34- Application to Parliament in the Year 1739, for Liberty to carry Sugar diredtly to' fo¬ reign Markets — •— 13 Reftridtions in the Adt that baulk the Ope¬ ration of it —-- 14 The H [ 145 1 The Caufe of thofe ReftriCtions RejlriBion I. Excluding Ships built in our American Plantations, confidered -— 15 to 2 6 Plantation built Ships the principal Returns of the Produce and Manufactures of Great Britain fent to New England, and other Parts of North America -— 15 A low Freight one of the greateft Advan¬ tages the BritiJIo Nation has over Fo¬ reigners -- -- 16 The French have the Benefit of our Planta¬ tion built Ships -— 17 Carolina mu ft in great Mealure lofe the fo¬ reign Exportation of Rice, if excluded from the ufe of Plantation built Ships ib* The Value of the Rice Trade, and Fi(h Trade from North America •—— 18 The Value of the Sugar Trade -- 19 The Way to regain the Sugar Trade is to enable the Britijh Subjects to fell cheaper than their Rivals at foreign Markets 20 The Inconveniences of this ReftriCtion, ahd the Advantages that would arife to the Sugar Trade and this Nation, if Plantation Ships were admitted in this new Trad'-'. 21 The Northern Colonies exclaimed againft L without [ H6 ] without any juft Foundation .— 22 The great Advantages that have arofe to Great Britain by Means of a low Freight, occasioned chiefly by our building Ships fo cheap in America * -* 23 On the Corn Countries in America 24 The Northern Colonies are a great Support to the Trade and Navigation of Great Britain - - ib. And can afiift their Mother Country in Cafe of a War with France or Spain — 25 RefriBion II. To take out Licences in Great Britain only, confidered ■ - -- — 26 RefriBion III. All Owners of Ships to reftde in Great Britainpv the Sugar Iflands, confidered 2 S RefriBion IV, All Ships bound to the Northern Parts of Europe to touch and enter in fome Port in Great Britain in their Way to fuch foreign Ports, confidered ' - 29 Advantages of the diredt Exportation of Sugar, and Comparifons between the French and Englijh , in regard to the Sugar Trade and the Colonies - 30 to. 34 A [ H 7 ] A low Freight, eafy Supplies, and a Vent of Rum and Molaffes, the three principal natural Advantages of the Britijh Sugar Planter - •?1 CHAP. III. Upon the Duties payable upon foreign Sugar, Rum and Molaffes imported into Britijh Dominions - ■ ■ 3 5 to 42 Notes on the Adi paffed in the 6th Year of King George II. concerning the Importa- tion of Sugar, Rum and Molaffes into Ire « land , and our Northern Colonies 3 5 Fre?ich Sugars brought to Great Britain thro’ the Britijh Colonies —— 3 8 On the running of Rum and Molaffes into Great Britain — — - 3 9 On the Trade between the foreign Sugar Colonies and our Northern Colonies ib' A Propofal to lower the Duty on foreign Molaffes imported into the Britijh North- * ern Colonies in America —— 42 L 2 C H A P [ 148 ] CHAP. IV. On the Confumption of Rum in Great Britain and Ireland - — ■■ ■■ 43 to 49 Rum a wholefome and beneficial Com¬ modity --—— 43 A Propofal to lower the Duty or Excife on Rum 1 s. per Gallon - 46 The Advantages that may arife to Great Britain therefrom —-- 47 Propofal for landing and houfing of Rum before the Excife or Duty is paid, and to fupply the outward bound Shipping with Rum inflead of Fre?ich Brandy —. 48 CHAR V. V/ ' __ .. .. "* On tire Regulation of Money throughout all his Majefty’s Colonies in America 50 to 63 Queen Anne s Proclamation and Adt, con¬ cerning the Rates of foreign Coin — 52 A Propofal for a Remedy in regard to the Currency of Money in America — 57 The feveral Proportions of the current Mo¬ ney and Exchange in America - 59 CHAR N [ 49 ] C H A P. VI. On Intereft upon Money in Colonies 64 to 67 CHAP. VII. Touching the Duty of 4 \ per Cent. paid in Barbadoes and the Leeward Hands 68 to 74 The Ufes of the 4 A per Cent . Duty 68 The Application and Management of it 69 How burthenfome to the Sugar Trade, as being all paid by the Planter — ib . Propofal for tranfmuting this Duty —- 70 Another Propofal for taking it off, and fend¬ ing Money in Specie from Great Britain to pay all the publick Officers —- 73 APPENDIX. N Q . 1 , The Case of the Britijh Sugar Colonies, with an Appendix (marked A* B.) printed m [ ij® 3 in the Year 1739, when the Bill for grant¬ ing Liberty to carry Sugar directly to foreign Markets was depending in Parliament >75 to 106 Obj ections to the faid Liberty. With Anfwers Jubjoirid to each dijlinffily. 1 .Objection. That our Sugar Blands now make as much Sugar as they can, and therefore can’t fpare from Great Britain any Sugar for foreign Markets. Anfwered *— 84 2 . Objection. That the Liberty defired will raife the Price of raw Sugars in Great Britain to an unrealizable Height, and be prejudicial to the Sugar Manufactory here, by railing the Price of refined Su¬ gar at home, and preventing the Expor¬ tation of it to foreign Markets. Anjwered 3. Objection . That this Liberty will be pre¬ judicial to the Trade and Navigation of Great Britain . Anfwered - 88 4. Objection. That the Ships employed in this Trade will be refitted at foreign Ports, and the Seamens Wages paid there. 5. Objection. That this Liberty, if granted^ would be of no Ufe, fince the French would [ 1 would notwithstanding Itill underfel us in foreign Markets. Anfwered 90 6. Objediion. That the Sugar Colonies make more Sugar now than they did formerly, therefore they ftand in need of no new Encouragement. Anfwered - 91 7. Objection. That the Brit iff? Subjects may, as the Law now ftands, fend their Sugars by the Way of Cowes to foreign Markets, for the Charge of 24* p er Cent, of the grofs Amount of the Cargo, and there¬ fore any Law for a direct Exportation is unneceffary. Anfwered* -. . - 92 f ' V I • . */ . ' i 5 . . 1 n v j r - . * A P P E N D I X.. (A) . , ■ * ♦ r -iA .* ■ - V £ • ‘ ,i ■ ’ ‘ «» » ’ 1 * ' T An Account of the Quantity of Sugar ex¬ ported, and to what Ports, from the Year 1715 to 1737 -- 96 ♦ ‘ • • ) •!,>’. it t V. A P P E N D I X (B) An Account of the fuppofcd Sale of io Hhds. of Sugar in London at 25 s. 20 s. 16 s. J 3 S - / r 15 2 ] 13 s. and 11 s, per C. with an Account of what may be faved on Sugar at thofe feveral Prices, by being carried diredtly to foreign Markets - . - 98 to 104 A Table fhewing the net Value of Sugar to the Owner or Proprietor when fold at thofe Prices » . ■ —- 104 The Amount of the Savings by the direct Exportation of Sugar at thofe Prices; to Holland by Mr. Hyam , and to Hamburgh by Mr. AJhky ■ 105 A Computation of the Charges that may attend the carrying of Sugar to foreign Markets, after landing them at Cowes T ~ ,r lb' An Account fhewing the Increafe and De- creafe of the Importation of Sugar into Great Britain , from the Year 1708 to 1737 — - ib • The Prices of refined Sugar compared with the Prices of Mufcovado Sugar — 106 APPENDIX. f t '53 i APPENDIX. N°a. ^ ‘V. \ “rj Notes on the Adi for granting Liberty to carry Sugar diredtly to foreign Markets 107 to 114 The Form of the Licence given in purfuance of the faid Adi ■■ ■■■■■■ ■ 115 «i, *• t ■» » . APPENDIX. N° 3. An Account of the Duties on Sugar, Rum, Spirits and Molafles imported into Great Britain —- 118 to 123 APPENDIX. N° 4. Extracts of Laws and Rules relating to the Plantation Trade, and concerning the Duties of Merchants, Mailers, and Officers upon entring and clearing of Ships, &c. 124 to 132 Concerning the Adt-Ships, and Ships that carry [ *J4 3 carry Fifh to the Mediterranean 127,128 The Plantation Goods that are enumerated by feveral A£ts of Trade •— 113, 132 APPENDIX. N° 5. An Account of the Prices of Sugar at feveral Parts of Europe , compared with the Prices at London. 13310141 Leghorn - - 133 Ge?2oa —- 134 Venice —— -—- 135 Naples ■ ' ■ ■■■ ■— 136 Hamburg •-- - ib. Holland - - 1 ■ 138 Spain -- -— 139 France » . . 140 F I N I S. ' ‘ . . * • . ■ *■" ♦ ■ J ■ ■. . sc I . ' * • ' . ,«i • ■ •I . • * ' » - - I ■ <* ' : ■ ■ . • ' . . i -* ‘ , ■ . . ' ' ■ ' . r