The Religion of Science Library 
 
 Bi-Monthly MARCH. 1900 , dumber 42 
 
 Yearly, $1.50 ^ 15 cents (gd.) 
 
 Entered at the Chicago Post Office as Second Class Mail Matter. 
 
 World's Congress Addresses 
 
 BY 
 
 CHARLES CARROLL BONNEY 
 
 CHICAGO 
 
 THE OPEN COURT PUBLISHING COMPANY 
 
 FOR SALE BY 
 
 Kegan Paul, Trench, Triibner & Co., Ltd. , LONDON 
 1900
 
 PREFATORY NOTE. 
 
 THE World's Congresses of 1893 were held in the City of 
 Chicago from May 15 to October 28 under the direction of 
 an organisation which bore the name of The World's Congress 
 Auxiliary of the World's Columbian Exposition. 
 
 There were twenty Departments and two hundred and twenty- 
 four General Divisions in which Congresses were held. 
 
 These Congresses embraced Woman's Progress, The Public 
 Press, Medicine and Surgery, Temperance, Moral and Social Re- 
 form, Commerce and Finance, Music, Literature, Education, En- 
 gineering, Art, Government, Science and Philosophy, Social and 
 Economic Science, Labor, Religion, Sunday Rest, Public Health, 
 and Agriculture. 
 
 The Department of Religion embraced forty-six General Di- 
 visions including the Parliament of Religions. 
 
 In announcing the plans for the Religious Congresses the ob- 
 ject in view was proclaimed on the title-page of the announcement 
 in these words : 
 
 "To unite all religion against all irreligion ; to make the Gol- 
 den Rule the basis of this union ; to present to the world in the 
 Religious Congresses to be held in connexion with the Columbian 
 Exposition of 1893, the substantial unity of many religions in the 
 good deeds of the religious life ; to provide for a World's Parlia- 
 ment of Religions, in which their common aims and common 
 grounds of union may be set forth, and the marvellous religious 
 progress of the nineteenth century reviewed ; and to facilitate sep- 
 arate and independent Congresses of different religious denomina- 
 tions and organisations, under their own oflScers, in which their
 
 iv world's congress addresses. 
 
 business may be transacted, their achievements presented and 
 their work for the future considered." 
 
 By inviting the different Religious Denominations to hold sep- 
 arate and independent Congresses, they were effectually protected 
 against any appearance of surrendering their distinctive character- 
 istics and could safely participate in the Union Congress, called 
 the World's Parliament of Religions. 
 
 Of many of the Addresses delivered by President Bonney dur- 
 ing the World's Congress season no report was preserved ; but 
 enough have been found to present quite fully the principles which 
 governed the World's Congress work ; and it is deemed important 
 to show how it was that the representatives of all the World's Re- 
 ligions were induced to give their concurrence and aid ; and the 
 secret of the marvellous unanimity displayed at Chicago in 1893 
 will be found sufficiently indicated in the present publication, 
 which is confined, for the most part, to the Addresses of Welcome 
 to the Religious Denominational Congresses. 
 
 These addresses are therefore printed at this time as a Memo- 
 rial of the wonderful events of the Columbian Year. They are 
 printed without note or comment to avoid an undue increase of 
 the volume and because they seem sufficiently to explain them- 
 selves. 
 
 Paul Carus, 
 Manager of the Open Coart Pub. Co. 
 
 Chicago, igoo.
 
 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 The World's Parliament of Religions. Opening Session . i 
 
 The World's Parliament of Religions. Closing Address . lo 
 
 The Jewish Congress 15 
 
 The Roman Catholic Congress . 19 
 
 The Congregational Congress 25 
 
 The New Jerusalem Congress 28 
 
 The Reformed Protestant Episcopal Congress ..... 33 
 
 The Lutheran Congress " 35 
 
 The Evangelical Association Congress 38 
 
 The African Methodist Episcopal Congress 41 
 
 The Young Men's Christian Association Congress .... 44 
 
 The Free Religious Association Congress 49 
 
 The Ethical Congress 53 
 
 The Christian Science Congress 58 
 
 The Army Chaplains' Congress 61 
 
 The Missions' Congress , 64 
 
 The Evangelical Alliance Congress 70 
 
 The World's Congresses of 1893. Final Session 76
 
 THE WORLD'S PARLIAMENT OF 
 RELIGIONS. 
 
 OPENING SESSION. 
 
 Worshippers of God and Lovers of Man : 
 
 Let us rejoice that we have lived to see this glori- 
 ous day; let us give thanks to the Eternal God, whose 
 mercy endureth forever, that we are permitted to take 
 part in the solemn and majestic event of a World's 
 Congress of Religions. The importance of this event 
 cannot be overestimated. Its influence on the future 
 relations of the various races of men cannot be too 
 highly esteemed. 
 
 If this Congress shall faithfully execute the duties 
 with which it has been charged, it will become a joy 
 of the whole earth, and will stand in human history 
 like a new Mount Zion, crowned with glory and mark- 
 ing the actual beginning of a new epoch of brother- 
 hood and peace. 
 
 For when the religious faiths of the world recog- 
 nise each other as brothers, children of one Father, 
 whom all profess to love and serve, then, and not till 
 then, will the nations of the earth yield to the spirit 
 of concord and learn war no more.
 
 2 world's congress addresses. 
 
 It is inspiring to think that in every part of the 
 world many of the worthiest of mankind, who would 
 gladly join us here if that were in their power, this 
 day lift their hearts to the Supreme Being in earnest 
 prayer for the harmony and success of this Congress. 
 To them our own hearts speak in love and sympathy 
 of this impressive and prophetic scene. 
 
 A distinguished representative of India who has 
 come to participate in this Parliament, tells us that 
 twenty centuries ago a similar convocation of the re- 
 ligions of that part of the world was called by the 
 king of his country. Great indeed must be his felicity 
 in now attending and taking part in a religious con- 
 gress in which all the continents of the earth have 
 actual representation. 
 
 In this congress the word "religion" means the 
 love and worship of God and the love and service of 
 man. We believe the scripture that "of a truth God 
 is no respecter of persons, but in every nation he that 
 feareth God and worketh righteousness is accepted of 
 him." 
 
 We come together in mutual confidence and re- 
 spect, without the least surrender or compromise of 
 anything which we respectively believe to be truth or 
 duty, with the hope that mutual acquaintance and a 
 free and sincere interchange of views on the great 
 questions of eternal life and human conduct will be 
 mutually beneficial. 
 
 As the finite can never fully comprehend the in-
 
 world's congress addresses. 3 
 
 finite, nor perfectly express its own view of the divine, 
 it necessarily follows that individual opinions of the 
 divine nature and attributes will differ. But, properly 
 understood, these varieties of view are not causes of 
 discord and strife, but rather incentives to deeper in- 
 terest and examination. Necessarily God reveals him- 
 self differently to a child than to a man ; to a philos- 
 opher than to one who cannot read. Each must see 
 God with the eyes of his own soul. Each must be- 
 hold him through the colored glass of his own nature. 
 Each one must receive him according to his own ca- 
 pacity of reception. The fraternal union of the re- 
 ligions of the world will come when each seeks truly 
 to know how God has revealed himself in the others, 
 and remembers the inexorable law that with what 
 judgment it judges it shall itself be judged. 
 
 The religious faiths of the world have most seri- 
 ously misunderstood and misjudged each other from 
 the use of words in meanings radically different from 
 those which they were intended to bear, and from a 
 disregard of the distinctions between appearances and 
 facts; between signs and symbols and the things sig- 
 nified and represented. Such errors it is hoped that 
 this congress will do much to correct and render here- 
 . after impossible. 
 
 He who believes that God has revealed himself 
 more fully in his own religion than in any other, can- 
 not do otherwise than desire to bring that religion to 
 the knowledge of all men, with an abiding conviction
 
 4 world's congress addresses. 
 
 that the God who gave it will preserve, protect, and 
 advance it in every expedient way. And hence he 
 will welcome every just opportunity to come into fra- 
 ternal relations with men of other creeds, that they 
 may see in his upright life the evidence of the truth 
 and beauty of his faith, and be thereby led to learn it 
 and be helped heavenward by it. 
 
 When it pleased God to give me the idea of the 
 World's Congresses of 1893, there came with that idea 
 a profound conviction that their crowning glory should 
 be a fraternal conference of the world's religions. Ac- 
 cordingly, the original announcement of the World's 
 Congress scheme, which was sent by the Government 
 of the United States to all other nations, contained, 
 among other great themes to be considered, "The 
 grounds of fraternal union in the .... religions of 
 different peoples." 
 
 At first, the proposal of a World's Congress of Re- 
 ligions seemed to many wholly impracticable. It was 
 said that the religions had never met but in conflict, 
 and that a different result could not be expected now. 
 A committee of organisation was, nevertheless, ap- 
 pointed to make the necessary arrangements. This 
 committee was composed of representatives of sixteen 
 different religious bodies. Rev. Dr. John Henry Bar- 
 rows was made chairman. With what marvellous 
 ability and fidelity he has performed the great work 
 committed to his hands, this Congress is a sufficient 
 witness.
 
 world's congress addresses. 5 
 
 The preliminary address of the committee, pre- 
 pared by him and sent throughout the world, elicited 
 the most gratifying responses, and proved that the 
 proposed congress was not only practicable, but also 
 that it was most earnestly demanded by the needs of 
 the present age. The religious leaders of many lands, 
 hungering and thirsting for a larger righteousness, 
 gave the proposal their benedictions and promised 
 the congress their active co-operation and support. 
 
 To most of the departments of the World's Con- 
 gress work a single week of the exposition season was 
 assigned. To a few of the most important a longer 
 time, not exceeding two weeks, was given. In the 
 beginning it was supposed that one or two weeks 
 would suffice for the department of religion; but so 
 great has been the interest, and so many have been 
 the applications in this department, that the plans for 
 it have repeatedly been rearranged, and it now ex- 
 tends from September 4 to October 15, and several of 
 the religious congresses have nevertheless found it 
 necessary to meet outside of these limits. 
 
 The programme for the Religious Congresses of 
 1893 constitutes what may, with perfect propriety, be 
 designated as one of the most remarkable publications 
 of the century. 
 
 The programme of this General Parliament of 
 Religions directly represents England, Scotland, 
 Sweden, Switzerland, France, Germany, Russia, Tur- 
 key, Greece, Egypt, Syria, India, Japan, China, Cey-
 
 6 world's congress addresses. 
 
 ton, New Zealand, Brazil, Canada, and the American 
 States, and indirectly includes mrny other countries. 
 This remarkable programme presents, among other 
 great themes to be considered in this Congress, The- 
 jsm, Judaism, Mohammedanism, Hinduism, Bud- 
 dhism, Taoism, Confucianism, Shintoism, Zoroas- 
 trianism, Catholicism, the Greek Church, Protestant- 
 ism in many forms, and also refers to the nature and 
 influence of other religious systems. 
 
 This programme also announces for presentation 
 the great subjects of revelation, immortality, the In- 
 carnation of God, the universal elements in religion, 
 the ethical unity of different religious systems, the 
 relations of religion to morals, marriage, education, 
 science, philosophy, evolution, music, labor, govern- 
 ment, peace, and war, and many other theories of ab- 
 sorbing interest. 
 
 The distinguished leaders of human progress by 
 whom these great topics will be presented constitute 
 an unparalleled galaxy of eminent names, but we may 
 not pause to call the illustrious roll. For the execu- 
 tion of this part of the general programme seventeen 
 days have been assigned. 
 
 During subtantially the same period the second 
 part of the programme will be executed in the adjoin- 
 ing Hall of Washington. This will consist in what 
 are termed "presentations" of their distinctive faith 
 and achievements by selected representatives of the 
 different churches. These presentations will be made
 
 world's congress addresses. 7 
 
 to the world, as represented in the World's Religious 
 Congresses of 1893. All persons interested are cor- 
 dially invited to attend them. 
 
 The third part of the general programme for the 
 Congresses of this department consists of separate 
 and independent religious denominations for the pur- 
 pose of more fully setting forth their doctrines and 
 the service they have rendered to mankind. 
 
 These special Congresses will .be held, for the most 
 part, in the smaller halls of this Memorial Building. 
 A few of them have, for special reasons, already been 
 held. It is the special object of these Denominational 
 Congresses to afford opportunities for further infor- 
 mation to all who may desire it. 
 
 The leaders of these several churches must cor- 
 dially desire the attendance of the representatives of 
 "other religions. The Denominational Congresses will 
 each be held during the week in which the presenta- 
 tion of the denomination will occur. 
 
 The fourth and final part of the programme of the 
 department of religion will consist of congresses of 
 various kindred organisations. These congresses will 
 be held between the close of the Parliament of Reli- 
 gions and October 15, and will include Missions, 
 Ethics, Sunday Rest, the Evangelical Alliance, and 
 similar associations. 
 
 The Congress on Evolution should, in regularity, 
 have been held in the department of science, but cir- 
 cumstances prevented, and it has been given a place
 
 8 world's congress addresses. 
 
 in this department by the courtesy of the Committee 
 of Organisation. 
 
 To tliis more than imperial feast I bid you wel- 
 come. 
 
 Let one other point be clearly stated. While the 
 members of this Congress meet, as men, on a common 
 ground of perfect equality, the ecclesiastical rank of 
 each, in his own church, is, at the same time, gladly 
 recognised and respected, as the just acknowledgment 
 of his services and attainments. 
 
 But no attempt is here made to treat all religions 
 as of equal merit. Any such idea is expressly dis- 
 claimed. In this Congress, each system of religion 
 stands by itself in its own perfect integrity, uncom- 
 promised in any degree, by its relation to any other. 
 In the language of the preliminary publication in the 
 Department of Religion, we seek in this Congress "to 
 unite all religion against all irreligion ; to make the 
 Golden Rule the basis of this union ; and to present 
 to the world the substantial unity of many religions 
 in the good deeds of the righteous life." 
 
 Without controversy, or any attempt to pronounce 
 judgment upon any matter of faith or worship or re- 
 ligious opinion, we seek a better knowledge of the 
 religious condition of all mankind, with an earnest 
 desire to be useful to each other, and to all who love 
 truth and righteousness. 
 
 We meet on the mountain height of absolute re- 
 spect for the religious convictions of each other; and
 
 world's congress addresses. 9 
 
 an earnest desire for better knowledge of the consola- 
 tions which other forms of faith offer to their devotees. 
 The very basis of our convocation is the idea that the 
 representatives of each religion sincerely believe that 
 it is the truest and best of all ; and that they will, 
 therefore, hear with perfect candor and without fear, 
 the convictions of other sincere souls on the great 
 questions of the immortal life. 
 
 This day the sun of a new era of religious peace 
 and progress rises over the world, dispelling the dark 
 clouds of sectarian strife. 
 
 This day a new flower blooms in the garden of 
 religious thought, filling the air with its exquisite per- 
 fume. 
 
 This day a new fraternity is born into the world of 
 human progress, to aid in the upbuilding of the king- 
 dom of God in the hearts of men- 
 Era and flower and fraternity bear one name. It 
 is a name which will gladden the hearts of those who 
 worship God and love man in every clime. Those 
 who hear its music joyfully echo it back to sun and 
 flower. 
 
 It is the Brotherhood of Religions. 
 In this name I welcome the First Parliament of 
 the Religions of the world.
 
 THE WORLD'S PARLIAAIENT OF 
 RELIGIONS. 
 
 CLOSING ADDRESS. 
 
 Worshippers of God and Lovers of Man: 
 
 The closing words of this great event must now be 
 spoken. With inexpressible joy I give them utter- 
 ance. 
 
 The wonderful success of this first actual Congress 
 of the Religions of the World, is the realisation of a 
 conviction which has held my heart for many years. 
 I became acquainted with the great religious systems 
 of the world in my youth, and have enjoyed an in- 
 timate association with leaders of many churches dur- 
 ing my maturer years. I was thus led to believe that 
 if the great religious faiths could be brought into rela- 
 tions of friendly intercourse, many points of sympathy 
 and union would be found, and the coming unity of 
 mankind in the love of God and the service of man be 
 greatly facilitated and advanced. Hence, when the 
 occasion arose it was gladly welcomed, and the effort 
 more than willingly made. 
 
 What many deemed impossible, God has finally 
 wrought. The Religions of the World have actually
 
 world's congress addresses. h 
 
 met in a great and imposing assembly ; they have con- 
 ferred together on the vital questions of life and im- 
 mortality in a frank and friendly spirit ; and now they 
 part in peace with many warm expressions of mutual 
 affection and respect. 
 
 The laws of the Congress forbidding controversy 
 or attack, have, on the whole, been wonderfully well 
 observed. The exceptions are so few that they may well 
 be expunged from the record and from the memory. 
 They even served the useful purpose of timely warn- 
 ing against the tendency to indulge in intellectual 
 conflict. 
 
 If an unkind hand threw a firebrand into the as- 
 sembly, let us be thankful that a kinder hand plunged 
 it in the waters of forgiveness, and quenched its flame. 
 
 If some Western warrior, forgetting for the moment 
 that this was a friendly conference, and not a battle, 
 field, uttered his war-cry, let us rejoice that our Orien- 
 tal friends with a kinder spirit answered : Father for- 
 give them for they know not what they do. 
 
 No system of faith or worship has been com- 
 promised by this friendly conference ; no apostle of 
 any religion has been placed in a false position by any 
 act of this Congress. 
 
 The knowledge here acquired will be carried by 
 those who have gained it, as precious treasure to their 
 respective countries, and will there, in freedom and 
 according to reason, be considered, judged and ap- 
 plied, as they shall deem right.
 
 12 world's congress addresses. 
 
 The influence which this Congress of the Religions 
 of the World will exert on the peace and the prosper- 
 ity of the world is beyond the power of human lan- 
 guage to describe. For this influence, borne by those 
 who have attended the sessions of the Parliament of 
 Religions to all parts.of the world, will affect, in some ^ 
 important degree, all races of men; all forms of reli- 
 gion ; and even all governments and social institutions. 
 
 The results of this influence will not soon be appar- 
 ent in external changes, but will manifest themselves 
 in thought, feeling, expression, and the deeds of char- 
 ity. Creeds and institutions may long remain un- 
 changed in form, but the new spirit of light and peace 
 will pervade them ; for this Congress of the World's 
 Religions is the most marvellous evidence yet given 
 of the approaching fulfilment of the apocalyptic 
 prophecy : Behold! I make all things new! 
 
 But great as this World's Parliament of Religions 
 is in itself, its importance is immeasurably enhanced 
 by its environment and relations. It is the center and 
 crown of a great movement which touches all the lead- 
 ing interests of humanity. It has been aided by, and 
 is, in turn, beneficial to all these interests. 
 
 Religion is but one of the twenty departments of 
 the World's Congress work. Besides this august 
 Parliament of the World's Religions, there are more 
 than forty other Congresses in this department, be- 
 sides a number of Special Conferences on important 
 subjects.
 
 world's congress addresses. 13 
 
 Thus the divine influences of religion are brought 
 in contact with Woman's Progress, the Public Press, 
 Medicine and Surgery, Temperance, Moral and Social 
 Reform, Commerce and Finance, Music, Literature, 
 Education, Engineering, Art, Government, Science 
 and Philosophy, Social and Economic Science, Labor, 
 Sunday Rest, Public Health, Agriculture, and other 
 important subjects embraced in a General Depart- 
 ment. 
 
 The importance of the Denominational Congress 
 of the various churches should be emphasised, for they 
 conserve the forces which have made the Parliament 
 such a wonderful success. 
 
 The establishment of a Universal Fraternity of 
 Learning and Virtue was declared to be the ultimate 
 aim of this World's Congress Auxiliary of the World's 
 Columbian Exposition. The Congress of Religions 
 has always been in anticipation, what it is now in fact, 
 the culmination of the World's Congress scheme. 
 This hour therefore seems to me the most appropriate 
 to announce that upon the conclusion of the World's 
 Congress series as now arranged, a proclamation of 
 that Fraternity will be issued to promote the continua- 
 tion, in all parts of the world, of the great work in 
 which the Congresses of 1893 have been engaged. 
 
 And now farewell. A thousand congratulations 
 and thanks for the co-operation and aid of all who 
 have contributed to the glorious results which we 
 celebrate this night.
 
 14 world's congress addresses. 
 
 Henceforth the religions of the world will make 
 war, not on each other, but on the giant evils that 
 afflict mankind. 
 
 Henceforth let all throughout the world, who wor- 
 ship God and love their fellow men, join in the anthem 
 of the angels : 
 
 Glory to God in the highest I 
 
 Peace on Earth ! 
 
 Good will among men 1
 
 THE JEWISH CONGRESS. 
 
 Masters and Teachers of Israel; Officers and 
 Members of the Jewish Denominational Con- 
 gress OF 1893 : 
 
 The providence of the God of Abraham, Isaac and 
 Jacob, who created man in his own image, and gave 
 him from Sinai's glory-crowned summit the law of a 
 righteous life, has so ordered the arrangements for 
 the Religious Congresses to be held under the auspices 
 of the World's Congress Auxiliary of the World's 
 Columbian Exposition, that without any plan to that 
 end, this Congress of the Jewish Church is the first of 
 the series. The month of August having been assigned 
 for the Congresses on Engineering, Art, Government, 
 Science, and kindred subjects, the month of Septem- 
 ber was set apart for the Congresses of that greatest 
 Department of the World's Congress work, the Depart- 
 ment of Religion. For this reason many efforts were 
 made to fix a later date for this Jewish Congress but 
 it was found impracticable to do so ; and when the 
 present date was finally settled, it was not then ex- 
 pected that place could be found for the sessions of 
 the Congress in the Memorial Art Palace, but that
 
 i6 world's congress addresses. 
 
 one of the Chicago synagogues must be selected for 
 them. But when the assignments of the August Con- 
 gresses which had the prior right to this week were 
 finally made, it was happily found that the Jewish 
 Congress could be accommodated here where the other 
 Religious Congresses will be held, and the arrange- 
 ments were, with much pleasure, accordingly changed. 
 
 Thus the Mother Church from which all the Chris- 
 tian Denominations trace their lineage, and which 
 stands in the history of mankind as the especial ex- 
 ponent of august and triumphant Theism, has been 
 called upon to open the Religious Congresses of 1893. 
 
 But far more important and significant is the fact 
 that this arrangement has been made ; and this Con- 
 gress is now formally opened and welcomed, by as 
 ultra and ardent a Christian as the world contains. It 
 is because I am a Christian, and the Chairman of the 
 General Committee of Organisation of the Religious 
 Congresses is a Christian, and a large majority of that 
 Committee are Christians, that this day deserves to 
 stand gold-bordered in human history, as one of the 
 signs that a new age of brotherhood and peace has- 
 truly come. 
 
 We know that you are Jews, while we are Chris 
 tians and would have all men so, but of all the precious 
 liberties which free men enjoy, the highest is the free- 
 dom to worship God according to the dictates of con- 
 science ; and this great liberty is the right, not of
 
 world's congress addresses. 17 
 
 some men, but of all ; not of Christians only, but of 
 Jews, and Gentiles as well. 
 
 I desire from all men respect for my religious con- 
 victions; and claim for myself and mine the right to 
 enjoy them without molestation ; and my Master has 
 commanded me that whatsoever I would have another 
 do to me, I should also do to him. What, therefore, 
 I ask for myself, a Christian, I must give to you as 
 Jews. Our differences of opinion and belief are be- 
 tween ourselves and God, the Judge and Father of us 
 all. 
 
 Through all the sacred Scriptures of the Old Testa- 
 ment, we walk side by side, revering the creation; 
 journeying through the wilderness; chanting the 
 psalms and inspired by the prophecies ; and if we part 
 at the threshold of the Gospels it shall be, not with an- 
 ger but with love, and a grateful remembrance of our 
 long and pleasant journey from Genesis to Malachi. 
 
 The supreme significance of this Congress and the 
 others is, that they herald the death of Persecution 
 throughout the world ; and proclaim the coming reign 
 of civil and religious liberty. 
 
 Oh ! Religion ! Religion ! how many crimes have 
 been committed in thy name ! The crimes committed 
 in the name of Liberty are but few in comparison. 
 
 Against religious persecution all the religions of 
 the world should be united, and support each other 
 with unfailing zeal. This is not saying that all reli- 
 gions are of equal worth. This is not saying that any
 
 i8 world's congress addresses. 
 
 one should yield one jot or tittle of his own peculiar 
 faith. It is quite the contrary. For only when one 
 is protected in his proper liberties, and can "act in 
 freedom according to reason," can he properly examine 
 his own faith, or that of his fellow man. 
 
 With perfect religious liberty ; with comprehensive 
 and adequate education ; with a life according to the 
 great commandments, mankind will come into closer 
 and closer relations ; into a better and better under- 
 standing of their social, political and religious differ- 
 ences, and the living power of the truth, guided by 
 the sovereign providence of God, will more and more 
 make the whole world one in human brotherhood and 
 service, and finally in religious faith. Henceforth the 
 leaders of mankind will seek, not for points of differ- 
 ence, but for grounds of union, striving earnestly to 
 know the truth, that the truth may make them free 
 from the bondage of prejudice and error, and more 
 and more efficient in advancing the enlightenment and 
 welfare of the world. With these sentiments I wel- 
 come the Jewish Denominational Congress of 1893.
 
 THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CONGRESS. 
 
 Officers and Members of the Columbian Catholic 
 Congress : 
 
 In the name of the World's Congress Auxiliary, 
 organised to conduct the moral and intellectual part 
 of the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893 ; and in 
 the name of the Government of the United States, 
 which invited all nations to participate in the Con- 
 gresses to be held under the auspices of the Auxiliary; 
 and in the name of fifty millions of non-Catholics who 
 love justice and believe in equal religious liberty for 
 all men, I salute you, and bid you welcome. 
 
 This memorial building, and every facility which 
 the World's Congress Auxiliary can command, is most 
 cordially offered for the purposes of your Congress. 
 
 That a great change has come in the relations be- 
 tween the Catholic Church on the one hand, and the 
 Protestant Churches on the other, is known through- 
 out the world. That "-his change has largely increased 
 human happiness, and has in many ways promoted the 
 cause of peace and progress, is also widely acknowl- 
 edged. 
 
 A brief reference to some of the leading causes of
 
 20 WORLD S CONGRESS ADDRESSES. 
 
 this change seems, however, especially appropriate to 
 this occasion, and may serve to strengthen the gra- 
 cious bonds of charity and affection which are now 
 gently drawing nearer and nearer to each other, all 
 the various branches of the great family of mankind. 
 
 Of those causes, the benign spirit of the New Age 
 should first be named. Descending from the Sun of 
 Righteousness, this spirit of progress is filling the 
 earth with its splendor and beautj-, its warmth and 
 vivifying power, and making the old things of truth 
 and justice new in meaning, strength and energy to 
 execute God's will for the welfare of man. 
 
 Among the secondary causes of the change to 
 which reference has been made, there are several 
 which it seems a duty as well as a pleasure to recall 
 on this occasion. 
 
 The noble and successful work of the Catholic 
 Church in the field of practical Temperance reform, 
 first attracted the attention and won the sympathy of 
 the Protestant people of America. 
 
 The new Catholic movement for the relief and 
 elevation of the toiling masses, which culminated in 
 the great papal encyclical on the relations of labor, 
 deepened the interest of the Protestant world in the 
 work of the Catholic Church, and excited the love and 
 admiration of many non-Catholics. 
 
 The new Catholic activity in the extension of 
 higher education is another cause of the better rela- 
 tions which have recently been established.
 
 world's congress addresses. 21 
 
 For science and art and literature are of no sect or 
 creed. They belong to man, whatever may be his 
 political or religious views, and are bonds of fraternity 
 everywhere. 
 
 Over the grave in which was buried the dead strife 
 of former generations, the apostles of the new age 
 have clasped hands in a new pledge of fidelity in the 
 pursuit of learning, and virtue, and the life that is 
 called Charity. 
 
 There is one important particular in which the 
 ideas of Catholic educational leaders are in peculiar 
 accord with the original American doctrine of popular 
 education. The third article of the great ordinance 
 of 1787 for the government of the territory of which 
 Chicago is the metropolis, declares that "Religion, 
 morality and knowledge, being necessary to good gov- 
 ernment and the happiness of mankind, schools and 
 the means of education shall forever be encouraged." 
 
 Not knowledge only ; not knowledge and morality 
 merely, but Religion, Morality and Knowledge, sacred 
 trinity of the powers of human progress, are essential 
 to the proper education of the people. 
 
 The new apostles of Catholic progress have become 
 especially endeared to enlightened Protestants. Henry 
 Edward Manning, Cardinal Archbishop of West- 
 minster, can hardly be more beloved, nor his loss more 
 sincerely mourned, within the Catholic Church than 
 without its fold. His gracious and earnest words on 
 "Protestant Dissenters," "Disinherited Christians,"
 
 22 WORLD S CONGRESS ADDRESSES. 
 
 "Blameless Ignorance," and "Unconscious Cath- 
 olics," won for him and the Catholic Church hosts of 
 friends, outside of his own communion. 
 
 In America, the work of his brother cardinal. His 
 Eminence James, Cardinal Gibbons, Honorary Pres- 
 ident of this Congress, has' been equally auspicious. 
 His book on " Our Christian Heritage," in which he 
 gladly holds out to Protestants the right hand of fel- 
 lowship for union against the common foe, commends 
 him eloquently to them as well as to his own brethren. 
 
 The burning words of His Grace Archbishop Ire- 
 land, in the advocacy of temperance, education, social 
 purity and every moral virtue, have made his name 
 and Church household words in many Protestant 
 homes. 
 
 When a Catholic Bishop like Bishop Spalding of 
 Peoria, speaking for Catholics, says : " We love lib- 
 erty, we love knowledge, we love truth, we love oppor- 
 tunity; and forgetting nationality, forgetting sects, 
 forgetting all but God's image in every human being, 
 we would uplift man by uplifting humanity," millions 
 of Protestant hearts respond Amen ! Amen ! 
 
 But a greater agency of union and progress still 
 remains to be named, the illustrious head of the Cath- 
 olic Church, Pope Leo XIII, than whom no more able, 
 enlightened and benign pontiff has borne the name of 
 Holy Father, in a thousand years. 
 
 Like the morning bell of a new age, his earnest
 
 world's congress addresses. 23 
 
 words of April 19, 1890, rang t'hrough the American 
 republic. 
 
 " I have a claim upon Americans for their respect, 
 because I love them and I love their country. I have 
 a great tenderness for those who live in that land, 
 Protestants and all. 
 
 "Under the Constitution Religion has perfect lib- 
 erty, and is a growing power. Where the Church is 
 free, it will increase ; and I bless, I love Americans 
 for their frank, open, unaffected character, and for the 
 respect which they pay to Christianity and Christian 
 morals. 
 
 " My only desire is to use my power for the good 
 of the whole people, Protestants and Catholics alike. 
 
 "I want the Protestants as well as the Catholics 
 to esteem me." 
 
 Is it any wonder that Pope Leo XIII. is respected 
 and beloved by the Protestants to whom these words 
 were addressed? 
 
 On the Protestant side similar causes have been at 
 work, producing similar results. The time now at 
 command will not permit a presentation of those re- 
 sults, but it may suffice to say that they have cul- 
 minated in the arrangements for the World's Religious 
 Congresses of 1893. 
 
 Blind, indeed, must be the eyes that cannot see in 
 these events the quickened march of the ages of 
 human progress toward the fulfilment of the divine 
 prophecy of "one fold and one shepherd ;" when all
 
 24 world's congress addresses. 
 
 forms of government shall be one in liberty and jus- 
 tice, and all forms of faith and worship one in charity 
 and human service. 
 
 With these sentiments I greet and welcome the 
 Catholic Congress of 1893.
 
 THE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. 
 
 Descendants of the Puritans and the Pilgrims : 
 
 I am glad to meet and welcome you on this auspi- 
 cious occasion. 
 
 The World's first Parliament of Religions will 
 open in this Hall on to-morrow morning, and it is a 
 graceful and fitting act for the descendants of the 
 Pilgrim Fathers to anticipate that opening, and hail 
 the coming Parliament with words of cheer. 
 
 Next to October 22, 1492, on the scroll of the 
 world's glories, December 21, 1620, should be in- 
 scribed. For, since the Santa Maria bore Christopher 
 Columbus to the New World, no more important 
 voyage has been made by any ship than that on which 
 the Mayflower bore the Pilgrim Fathers to the land- 
 ing-place of Plymouth Rock. 
 
 This ship brought to the New World little in the 
 form of material wealth, but it was richly laden with 
 the seeds' of liberty and justice, which, sowed in the 
 fruitful American soil, have produced during the suc- 
 ceeding generations such harvests of Civil and Reli- 
 gious Liberty as have not been surpassed by those 
 gathered elsewhere in all the world.
 
 26 world's congress addresses. 
 
 We do not judge a tree by its form, or bark, or 
 leaf, but by its fruit. We do not judge any Church 
 by the words of its creed, nor by the perversion of its 
 doctrines through accident, misfortune or malice, but 
 by its general influence on those who receive and try 
 to follow its faith. 
 
 Wherever, throughout the great Republic, the chil- 
 dren of the Pilgrim and the Puritan have gone, the 
 flowers of the highest culture have sprung up in their 
 foot-steps. Wherever they have made their homes, 
 cultivated farms or builded towns, the highest domes- 
 tic virtues have been conspicuous ; piety, peace and 
 good order have flourished ; and education, both for 
 the common people and its higher forms, has been a 
 dominant power. 
 
 The Congregational Church represents the Town 
 Meeting in Civilised Government, and the Free Con- 
 gregation in the Church. The Town Meeting is the 
 nursery of the Republic ; and the Church which is the 
 spiritual life and guide of this nursery is the means by 
 which the Divine Providence of God has elevated this 
 Primary Council of the people for the purposes of 
 good government, from a sordid strife for leadership 
 to an almost sacred college of preparation for the 
 highest duties of Christian citizenship. 
 
 Thus the Congregational Church occupies a pecu- 
 liarly exalted and influential place in American His- 
 tory. It stands on Plymouth Rock, a monument of 
 Civil and Religious Liberty more glorious than the
 
 world's congress addresses. 27 
 
 granite shaft which on Bunker Hill "greets the Sun 
 at his coming." 
 
 Holding fast to liberty itself, it cannot do other- 
 wise than insist upon the same freedom for every other 
 religious body, to worship God according to the dic- 
 tates of conscience. 
 
 Firm and steadfast in its championship of equal 
 rights and privileges for all men, long may this noble 
 Church devote itself to the work to which God has 
 called it, winning more and more the love and respect 
 of those who under other forms of government and 
 worship, find the inestimable blessings of religion. 
 
 Soon may all the churches appreciate more fully 
 that each has its own peculiar work to do, and that 
 whether this work be great or small, temporary or 
 continuous, it will, if earnestly and faithfully per- 
 formed, be wrought by the hand of the Supreme Ar- 
 chitect into the imperishable Temple of the Church 
 Universal and Divine.
 
 THE NEW JERUSALEM CHURCH. 
 
 Members and Friends of the Church of the Holy 
 City, New Jerusalem : 
 
 In the name of the Only Wise God our Saviour, 
 who was in Christ, reconciling the world to Himself, 
 and in whose glorified and Divine Humanity dwellcth 
 all the fulness of the Godhead bodily, I reverently bid 
 you welcome. 
 
 The Church of the Holy City, New Jerusaleni, 
 which comes tiown from God out of heaven, having 
 the glory of God, and a light like unto a stone most 
 precious, even like a jasper stone clear as crystal, is 
 pre-eminently 
 
 THE CHURCH OF RECONCILIATION. 
 
 It comes to reconcile reason and faith ; science and 
 religion ; miracle and law ; revelation and philosophy. 
 
 It comes to reconcile the teachings of Sacred Scrip- 
 ture and the results of modern research ; the apparent 
 truths of superficial observation and the real truths of 
 human experience; what we know of the spiritual 
 world of causes and our knowledge of the natural 
 world of effects.
 
 WORLD S CONGRESS ADDRESSES 29 
 
 It comes to reconcile the duties of to-day and the 
 hopes of to-morrow; the best use of the life that now 
 is with the highest preparation for the life that is to 
 come; the warfare with evil and the hunger for peace; 
 the ministry of sorrow and the thirst for joy. 
 
 It comes to reconcile labor and capital; industry 
 and learning; government and liberty; self-help and 
 the help of others. 
 
 It comes to reconcile with each other the contend- 
 ing sects of Christendom, and the multiform religious 
 systems of the other parts of the world. 
 
 The Religion of Reconciliation brings in its right 
 hand the Word of God, and in its left the Divine 
 Science of the relation between natural and spiritual 
 things, by which, alone, that word can be defended 
 and expounded, and only asks that its teachings be 
 considered "in freedom and according to reason,'' 
 and accepted so far as they are seen to be true. 
 
 The New Churchman loves the followers of the 
 Oriental religions, not only because they, also, are 
 children of our Father in Heaven, and brothers with 
 spiritual needs like our own ; but also because he sees 
 in those religions the remains of the divine symbolism 
 through which God talked with man in the ancient 
 Church. 
 
 He loves the Jew for his belief in the Sacred Scrip- 
 tures of the Old Testament, and because he represents 
 the Divine Law and Prophecy. 
 
 He loves the Catholics, because they represent the
 
 30 world's congress addresses. 
 
 supremacy of faith and the sovereignty of the Church 
 Universal. 
 
 He loves the Lutherans, because they represent 
 the great principle of Personal IJesponsibility to God, 
 and the necessity of self-examination and judgment 
 according; to the divine law. 
 
 He loves the Congregationalists, because they are 
 the representatives of Religious Liberty in opinion 
 and in worship. 
 
 He loves the Methodists, because their church is 
 the external form of the great religious movement of 
 the New Age. 
 
 He loves the Baptists because they represent fidel- 
 ity to the letter of the Holy Word, in which abides its 
 fulness and its power. 
 
 He loves the Presbyterians because they represent 
 the Divine Justice in the punishment of sin. 
 
 He loves the Universalists because they represent 
 the infinite love and mercy which gives to every soul 
 all the wisdom and happiness it will receive. 
 
 He loves the Friends because they teach the sim- 
 plicity and purity of the regenerate life. 
 
 He loves the Episcopalians because they teach the 
 utility and beauty of established forms of religious ser- 
 vice and worship. 
 
 He loves the Unitarians because they represent the 
 Unity of God and the surpassing excellence of the 
 Son of Man. 
 
 The New Churchman loves all who, in any form
 
 world's congress addresses. 31 
 
 and in any degree, worship God and strive to do his 
 will. 
 
 If less favored than himself in religious light and 
 knowledge, all the more they need his sympathy and 
 help. V 
 
 So believing, the responsibilities and duties of the 
 New Churchman are greater and more serious than 
 those of the disciples of any other faith. When he 
 claims a better light, he acknowledges higher obli- 
 gations. 
 
 It is the mission of the New Churchman to show 
 that the faith of the New Church is, indeed, "the 
 Religion of Common Sense;" and that "all Religion 
 has relation to life, and the life of religion is to do 
 good." 
 
 The New Churchman must be cosmopolitan. 
 Wherever, in all the world, God is worshipped and 
 man is loved, the New Churchman should feel at home, 
 able to sympathise, and ready to help. 
 
 This Congress has been arranged, and the pro- 
 gramme for it prepared by a Committee of Organisa- 
 tion of which the Rev. Lewis P. Mercer is Chairman, 
 and a co-operating Committee of Women of which 
 Miss A. E. Scammon is Chairman. The programme 
 is in every way worthy of the great occasion, and 
 shows how ably and diligently the committee have 
 done their work. 
 
 I will only add, in conclusion, my humble and 
 earnest acknowledgment of the Divine Providence of
 
 32 world's congress addresses. 
 
 the Lord to whom we are all indebted for both the 
 idea and the realisation of the World's Congresses of 
 1893. 
 
 I have now the pleasure of presenting Rev. Mr. 
 Mercer as Presiding Officer of the New Church Con- 
 gress.
 
 THE REFORMED PROTESTANT EPIS- 
 COPAL CHURCH. 
 
 Officers and Members of the Congress of the Re- 
 formed Protestant Episcopal Church : 
 
 Through the Divine Mercy I was, for a considerable 
 number of years, affiliated v/ith the Protestant Epis- 
 copal Church, and became familiar with its noble and 
 impressive service. In that connection, I often re- 
 gretted the non-extension of the leading features of 
 its solemn and beautiful ritual to other families of the 
 Christian Church, and lamented the existence of the 
 barrier of non-intercourse which seemed to me the 
 chief obstacle to such extension. 
 
 Hence, when what is known as the Reform Move- 
 ment in that Church finally resulted in the organisa- 
 tion of the Reformed Protestant Episcopal Church, I 
 was deeply impressed with the idea that the Divine 
 Providence had favored and guided the movement to 
 make it a means of greater harmony and unity be- 
 tween the different branches of the great Christian 
 Brotherhood ; another bridge over which those of 
 somewhat different faith and forms, agreeing never- 
 theless in all the essential verities of religion, could 
 pass and repass, with many mutual benefits.
 
 34 world's congress addresses. 
 
 That this idea was not without adequate founda- 
 tion has since been apparent in many ways. In many 
 of the other churches, something of the Episcopal or- 
 der of service and worship has found a place, to the 
 great delight of their congregations. The participation 
 of the people in the church services has become com- 
 mon in many of the Protestant denominations. 
 
 Thus the influence of the movement which this 
 Congress represents has proved strongly promotive of 
 that coming unity and glory of the Church Universal 
 foretold by the Divine Shepherd of human souls; and 
 thus the Reformed Protestant Episcopal Church con- 
 stitutes a connecting link between the English Church 
 and the various other Protestant bodies. 
 
 I therefore rejoice to meet you on this occasion, 
 and in the name of the World's Congress Auxiliary of 
 the World's Columbian Exposition, bid you welcome.
 
 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH. 
 
 Representatives of the Great Reformation: 
 
 I am happy to meet and welcome you on the oc- 
 casion of the opening of your Congress for the presen- 
 tation to the Religious World of the characteristic 
 doctrines of your faith, and the achievements which 
 the Lutheran Church has made in the service of man. 
 
 The Lutheran Church has had conspicuous recog- 
 nition in the arrangements for the World's Congresses 
 of 1893. No less than four separate assignm.ents have 
 been made for this Church during the time to be oc- 
 cupied by the World's first Parliament of Religions. 
 September 2nd, 3rd, nth, and 14th are Lutheran days. 
 
 As the Lutheran Church was raised up in the order 
 of Divine Providence to exemplify and emphasise the 
 great doctrine of Personal Responsibility to God, and 
 therefore stands as the special representative of indi- 
 vidualism in religious life, solemnly exercising self- 
 judgment according to the laws of righteousness, it is 
 not at all unnatural that this spirit of individualism 
 led to the division of this branch of the Church Uni- 
 versal into different organisations holding the same 
 general faith, but dividing on minor points. But to
 
 36 world's congress addresses. 
 
 the rest of the religious world, the Lutheran Church 
 is one ; and its divisions only convenient arrangements 
 of its spiritual forces for the conduct of the Religious 
 warfare against sin and iniquity in all their varied 
 forms. 
 
 The especial object of the Lutheran Church Con- 
 gresses of 1893 is to make the faith and history of 
 this Church better known than they have been to the 
 world at large. Ignorance is everywhere the mother 
 of prejudice and misunderstanding. To bring the va- 
 rious Churches of the world into such a relation lo 
 each other that they may know the truth about each 
 other, and that this truth may make them free from 
 misunderstanding and prejudice, is the especial aim 
 of the Religious Congresses of 1893. We desire that 
 the noble history and achievements of the Lutheran 
 Church be better known to the world at large, and 
 especially to the great American people, than they 
 have hitherto been, and trust that the present Con- 
 gress will do much to realise that desire. 
 
 In this auspicious year of grace, the different 
 churches come together, not to see how many points 
 they can discover on which they differ, but how many 
 they can find on which they agree. And if there 
 should prove to be so many points of harmony and 
 co-operation that there will be no time to consider 
 grounds of discord, we shall have a new occasion to 
 chant "Glory to God in the highest, Peace on earth. 
 Good will to men ! "
 
 world's congress addresses. 37 
 
 There are two great forces in the universe which, 
 guided by the Divine hand, work in perfect harmony, 
 making forever the marvellous music of the spheres. 
 These two forces are also active in human society; 
 but, guided by finite intelligence, they do not always 
 keep within their proper limits, but strive with each 
 other for the mastery. The first of these forces holds 
 all things to the center and preserves the integrity of 
 the system. The second is the power of progress, and 
 keeps the system in perpetual motion. If the former 
 is excessive, it causes inaction. If the latter becomes 
 dominant, it leads to disorder and disintegration. 
 
 So when, in the sixteenth century, man had come 
 to depend too little upon himself and too much upon 
 his counsellors and guides, God raised up Martin 
 Luther to teach man anew his personal responsibility 
 and duty. 
 
 In this providential work the antagonism to the 
 Catholic Church was apparent rather than real ; for 
 the whole tendency of the Lutheran movement in 
 Christianity is to prepare the way for a better, deeper, 
 higher and more powerful Church of the one "God 
 who was in Christ, reconciling the world to himself." 
 
 With these reflexions I give you, Officers and 
 Members of the General Synod Congress, a most cor- 
 dial welcome.
 
 THE EVANGELICAL ASSOCL\TION. 
 
 Officers and Members of the Evangelical Associa- 
 tion Congress : 
 
 As General President of the World's Congresses 
 of 1893, I welcome to this Hall of Washington, and 
 to all the facilities which the World's Congress Auxil- 
 iary can extend, this congress of your religious de- 
 nomination ; and wish you the utmost harmony and 
 success in your proceedings. 
 
 It is with especial pleasure that I respond to your 
 invitation to meet you on this occasion, for it calls 
 upon me to emphasise one of the greatest benefits 
 which may be expected to result from the religious 
 congresses of this memorable year, the benefit of a 
 b^ter acquaintance between the different religious de- 
 nominations. 
 
 Raised up by the hand of Divine Providence to 
 minister to the spiritual needs of German immigrants 
 to the American States, and their descendants and 
 neighbors, your denomination has gone forward dur- 
 ing the nineteenth century, nobly and efficiently doing 
 the Master's work in the vineyard to which He called 
 it, and yet this large and able organisation of Chris
 
 world's congress addresses. 39 
 
 tian workers is comparatively little known to the gen- 
 eral religious public. The same may be said of other 
 denominations. 
 
 It is therefore most wise and useful to bring these 
 various religious associations together in fraternal re- 
 lations, not only in the Union Congress which holds 
 its sessions under the name of the "World's Parlia- 
 ment of Religions " in the adjoining Hall of Colum- 
 bus, to discover what grounds of sympathy and co- 
 operation may be common to all ; but also, as a matter 
 equally important, to give to each denomination a 
 convenient opportunity, in this Hall of Washington, 
 to declare to the world its distinctive faith, and what 
 service it has rendered to mankind in obedience to 
 that faith. I therefore rejoice that you have so heart- 
 ily accepted and utilised this opportunity to "let your 
 light so shine before men, that th£y may see your 
 good works, and glorify your Father which is in 
 Heaven"; and I congratulate you on the large at- 
 tendance, and the enthusiastic interest by which the 
 Evangelical Association this day testifies, both its zeal 
 in the work entrusted to its charge, and its sincere 
 concern in the great occasion in which it has been 
 called to participate. 
 
 Let me also congratulate you on the noble work of 
 your Association in furtherance of the great moral 
 movements of the age, such as Temperance, Sunday 
 Observance, and Civil and Religious Liberty. 
 
 Let us " praise God from whom all blessings flow,"
 
 40 world's congress addresses. 
 
 that while preserving the substantial unity of His fol- 
 lowers in the great fundamentals of religious faith and 
 life, He has at the same time, by His wonderful prov- 
 idence, created special agencies, \i\ie your own, to 
 meet special needs, in order that more speedily and 
 efficiently than would otherwise be practicable, His 
 will may be done on earth, as it is in Heaven. 
 
 These Religious Congresses cannot do otherwise 
 than accomplish great good, by spreading abroad 
 among all classes of mankind, a better knowledge of 
 what God has wrought for the deliverance of the world 
 from sin and wickedness in all their forms. I am 
 glad that the American public will thus become better 
 acquainted with the character and work of the Evan- 
 gelical Association. 
 
 I have now the pleasure of presenting to you the 
 Presiding Officer of this meeting, the Rev. G. C. Kno- 
 bel, who will address you with further words of wel- 
 come.
 
 AFRICAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL 
 CHURCH. 
 
 Officers and Members of the African Methodist 
 Episcopal Church Congress : 
 
 Man at last takes his position in the world as man. 
 Every true man consists of character and virtue and 
 intelligence and deeds. Whatever may be the external 
 appearance of the man, whatever may be his garb or 
 the color of his skin, if his heart does not contain the 
 human qualities of virtue, if his mind be not clothed 
 with intelligence, he is not truly a man. 
 
 The meaning of this African Congress is broader 
 than your denomination, and assumes a significance 
 before the world greater than can readily be compre- 
 hended. For Africa In America is the hope of Africa 
 throughout the whole world. During the coming gen- 
 erations, more and more bright, and more and more 
 full of meaning and encouragement, will shine in his- 
 tory, the pages on which are recorded the experiences 
 of the African race in the United States of America. 
 
 Every sorrow which your race has suffered in this 
 country, every agony you have borne, every privation 
 you have endured, shall yet be repaid to your race in
 
 42 world's congress addresses. 
 
 the Dark Continent a myriad-fold in the blessings 
 which shall follow your experience in the New World. 
 This is not the first or only instance in which the hand 
 of Providence has been seen in the affliction of a peo- 
 ple. The history of the world has many such exam 
 pies, but yours seems to me one of peculiar signifl 
 cance and hope for all the millions of your race. 
 
 One other thought I feel should be expressed. It 
 is the tribute of the other races of mankind, appro- 
 priately given on this occasion, to the deep religious 
 character of the African race. To this race, faith and 
 hope and prayer are as natural as the desire for the 
 food which the kind hand of Providence gives to sus- 
 tain the bodily life. No more touching a chapter can 
 be found in the history of the African race than that 
 which will record the religious experiences of that 
 race in America. If an encyclopaedia could be com- 
 piled in which the religious experiences of the African 
 race, so nobly represented in this African Methodist 
 Episcopal Church Congress, could be recorded, I do 
 not hesitate to say that it would be found of fascinat- 
 ing interest to all the other races of mankind. How- 
 ever the master of the colored man in the days of 
 slavery doubted the divine power of inspiration, the 
 negro heart always received that inspiration and re- 
 sponded in faith and prayer. The master might stum- 
 ble over the supposed contradictions and inconsisten- 
 cies of Holy Writ ; but not he who patiently served, 
 hoping for the shining future of a to-morrow, in which
 
 world's congress addresses. 43 
 
 liberty, such as you enjoy this day, would reward his 
 prayers. 
 
 One closing tribute let me pay to this African race 
 for its marvellous fidelity to the obligations of duty 
 under whatever trying circumstances, under whatever 
 persecutions arid wrongs. It avails nothing that you 
 see here and there one of a race who seems regardless 
 of the obligations of law and duty. We judge the 
 race as a whole. We' judge white men and black men 
 and yellow men all by what the race as a whole 
 achieves, not by what one or a few may do or leave 
 undone. 
 
 With this expression of sentiments deemed appro- 
 priate to this occasion, I close my words of greeting, 
 and wish you, in the Congress you are about to hold, 
 the highest success which a kind Providence can be- 
 stow.
 
 THE YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN 
 ASSOCIATIONS. 
 
 Officers and Members of Young Men's Christian 
 Associations : 
 
 In behalf of the World's Congress Auxiliary, 1 
 greet you and bid you a cordial welcome to the Con- 
 gress in which you have come to take part. The im- 
 portance of this assembly depends, like that of many 
 others in the World's Congress series, on its repre- 
 sentative character and the importance of its proceed- 
 ings rather than on the magnitude of its numbers. 
 There has been an exceedingly interesting contrast 
 presented during the exposition season, between Con- 
 gresses of the greatest importance composed of com- 
 paratively small numbers, and Congresses of equal 
 importance composed of very large numbers. The 
 vital thing, however, in every Congress is the charac- 
 ter and quality of its proceedings. 
 
 The principal aim of all these Congresses is to 
 bring here the maturest thought of the world on the 
 great questions to be considered, and to have those 
 thoughts expressed by leaders from all countries, and 
 afterwards suitably preserved in adequate publica- 
 tions.
 
 world's congress addresses. 45 
 
 That we are living in a new age of intelligence 
 and progress, all thoughtful persons may readily per- 
 ceive. All things are being made new, and you may 
 search throughout the world and fail to find an insti- 
 tution or movement which does not in some way show 
 the influence of the new spirit that has gone forth 
 "conquering and to conquer." 
 
 It is remarkable that we are not making a great 
 variety of new things, but are making the old things 
 new, according to the prophecy. Even the Divine 
 Master is presented in new aspects, and with a new 
 glory. The Cross of Calvary is transfigured, and pre- 
 sents to the world the King of Kings and the Lord of 
 Lords, leading every department of righteous activity 
 to higher fields of progress. 
 
 A new and potent influence is in the world impel- 
 ling mankind to the service of others. He who reads 
 human history attentively will not need to go very far 
 back to find the time when the ruling spirit of the 
 world was self-service and self-advancement, self-pro- 
 motion and self-gain. There are some exceptions to 
 this new rule, but the general spirit of the new age is 
 essentially the spirit of helping others, and thereby 
 helping one's self and one's own. 
 
 While this wonderful movement is going forward, 
 dogmas about the Master disappear, and a supreme 
 faith in, and obedience to, the Master and his words 
 takes the place of dogmas concerning Him. Theories 
 about the divine things have rarely more than a faint
 
 46 world's congress addresses. 
 
 reflexion of the luminous vitality of the divine things 
 themselves. The new age is coming more and more 
 to realise that the essential means by which we may 
 advance in the service of God and of man, is to keep 
 the Divine Image always in the heart and obey His 
 words. Not to argue about Him, but to obey Him. 
 
 The marvellous advances in material things which 
 are so magnificently displayed in the World's Fair, 
 and whose wonders, voiced on every hand, are worthy 
 of so much and such exalted praise, are matched in 
 every respect by an equally marvellous spiritual pro- 
 gress which you come to celebrate, and of which you 
 are a part. All the departments of human activity 
 feel the power of this spiritual progress. 
 
 The Young Men's Christian Association was 
 brought into the world by the Divine Providence for 
 the purpose of presenting anew to the rising genera- 
 tions of the world the old ideal of the Christ-life in 
 obedience to the two great commandments. The spe- 
 cific work which it seems to me this organisation of 
 yours was created to perform is the presentation to 
 the youth of the world, of the ideal of lofty and self- 
 denying service ; and the realisation of that ideal by 
 actually putting into practice the Divine command- 
 ments. 
 
 But this movement does not stand alone. The 
 time at command would not suffice to present all the 
 various forms in which the new spirit has made itself 
 manifest, but two or three may well be mentioned :
 
 world's congress addresses. 47 
 
 » 
 
 one is known as University Extension which makes 
 the masters in the highest institutions of learning 
 burn with an unquenchable zeal to go out among the 
 people and give away their treasures of knowledge 
 and wisdom, and stimulate the masses to make pro- 
 gress in intellectual culture. 
 
 Side by side with that movement is that which 
 produces the Social Settlement, in which the highest 
 life of Christian civilisation is lived in the midst of 
 the people who would otherwise have been without 
 its blessings, thus teaching them by living example, 
 and instructing them by actual contact, in the leading 
 principles of our civilisation and religious progress. 
 
 Co-operation and profit-sharing are preparing to 
 take the place, under the same divine influence, of 
 the deadly strife of destructive competition with half- 
 paid and reluctant toil. 
 
 Moral and Social Reform also comes with all these 
 other movements, seeking to relieve the sorrows of 
 mankind, and to substitute measures of reformation 
 and relief for penalties and punishments. 
 
 Two great departments still await the influence of 
 this living power. The world of politics and the world 
 of society alike stand waiting for this active power 
 which has done such wonders in other fields, and 
 which will in due time reform and regenerate them 
 as other departments have been regenerated and re- 
 formed. In the last words of Sybil, his most impor-
 
 48 world's congress addresses. 
 
 tant political novel, Lord Beaconsficld, as you will 
 remember, says : 
 
 "The youth of a nation are the trustees of poster- 
 ity." 
 
 This may well serve as a motto of the Young 
 Men's Christian Association. For you are to deal 
 with the youth of each country, the youth of the 
 world, and teach them that they are indeed the trus- 
 tees of posterity. 
 
 In that noble work, I bid you God-speed, and re- 
 new my welcome. 
 
 I have now the pleasure of presenting to you as 
 your presiding officer Mr. Albert B. Monroe, who will 
 conduct the remaining business of your Congress. I 
 have long had the pleasure of knowing him, and to 
 know him is to love and esteem him. I would be glad 
 if my other duties would allow me to remain and hear 
 your papers and discussions, but that is impossible. 
 I shall be with you, however, in my best hopes and 
 wishes for your success.
 
 THE FREE RELIGIOUS ASSOCIA- 
 TION. 
 
 Friends of Religious Liberty : 
 
 As General President of the World's Congresses 
 of 1893, I welcome you to your place in the great se- 
 ries of denominational congresses which are in course 
 of presentation here during the present month. We 
 are, perhaps, in some danger of underrating the im- 
 portance of these Denominational Congresses in com- 
 parison with the World's Parliament of Religions, 
 which is holding its sessions in the adjoining Hall of 
 Columbus. These denominational congresses con- 
 serve the forces which made that parliament possible; 
 these denominational congresses support and uphold 
 it ; and if they had not entered into the scheme the 
 parliament itself could not have attained anything like 
 the success which now crowns its endeavors. 
 
 The programme of a congress which bears upon 
 its pages the names of a Catholic priest, a Jewish 
 Rabbi, a Unitarian minister, and other representatives 
 of other forms of faith, as does yours, naturally at- 
 tracts attention and commands respect. 
 
 It is the glory of your movement that you were 
 among the earliest to perceive the coming of the
 
 5© world's congress addresses. 
 
 auspicious day, in whose broad sunlight we are now 
 assembled. This association of yours represents, as 
 I understand it, three things : First, Religious Lib- 
 erty, — the liberty of religion ; not merely the liberty 
 of man to pursue his own religion, to entertain his 
 own views unmolested, but the liberty of religion it- 
 self, that all may move and act freely and intelligently 
 in the relation between creature and the Creator for 
 which religion stands. 
 
 And the second thing which your association rep- 
 resents, as I understand it, is Religious Toleration. 
 This is something for which the world waited many 
 centuries, — that one religion should merely tolerate 
 another. Toleration! — it is a great word, it is a won- 
 derful thing, when it first comes to take the place of 
 intolerance, hostility, opposition, and persecution. 
 When we first come to the borderland of liberty, 
 where toleration of the Catholic means toleration of 
 the Baptist, and the Quaker, and all the other forms 
 of faith, — that all should all tolerate one another, then 
 toleration appears and is a marvellous advance. 
 
 But toleration is merely a foundation upon which 
 to stand for future progress. We want, in the third 
 place, what I take to be the supreme end and object 
 of your organisation, a substitute for toleration, 
 namely, Religious Fraternity: that the Swedenborgian 
 and the Unitarian shall love the Catholic, and the 
 Presbyterian, and the Baptist, because they all repre- 
 sent in some form and degree the search after the di-
 
 world's congress addresses. 51 
 
 vine. When we come to substitute love for tolerance, 
 then we are indeed making progress toward the goal 
 of true religion. 
 
 What are the obstacles in the way of the realisa- 
 tion of these grand objects of liberty, tolerance, and 
 fraternity? They spring mainly from ignorance. We 
 think that objects seen in the distance and but dimly 
 perceived, and of which we really know nothing, are 
 probably hideous monsters waiting to leap upon us 
 and devour us ; but we find when we approach them 
 and discern their features, that they are forms of use 
 and beauty which attract and delight. And so the re- 
 ligious denominations need only to know more of each 
 other, to find that worship of God, fraternity, love, 
 and sincerity are the mainsprings of them all, to lead 
 them to substitute love for fear of one another. Ig- 
 norance is usually accompanied by prejudice, and pre- 
 judice breeds hostility and opposition. 
 
 One thing more I will say before I close these 
 welcoming words. He who really believes in the su- 
 periority of his own religion, cannot by any possibility 
 fear to have that religion come into contact with other 
 forms of worship, — cannot by any possibility fear to 
 put himself side by side with those who profess other 
 forms of faith, because the moment he does so fear, 
 he confesses in his heart, if not by his words, his 
 doubt and distrust in regard to his own religion, his 
 uncertainty concerning his own faith. If I believe 
 that in Jesus Christ there is all the life and hope and
 
 52 world's congress addresses. 
 
 saving power for mankind, must I not most ardently 
 desire to have Him put side by side with every other 
 apostle of light and truth whom the world has ever 
 seen, believing as I must do in such a case, that only 
 this need be done to show his surpassing excellence 
 and beauty? And so must the disciple of every other 
 religion feel ; and hence the most natural thing, the 
 most rational thing in religious life, is a fraternity of 
 religions. And as God is and ever must be highest in 
 the universe, must always occupy the supreme place 
 in the mind, so religion, if it be anything at all, must 
 occupy the supreme place, under God, in the human 
 soul. 
 
 With these words of welcome, and this expression 
 of the feelings which I have toward you, I renew my 
 welcome, and wish you God-speed in every endeavor 
 to spread abroad a knowledge of your organisation, 
 and to hasten forward the day when all mankind shall 
 be one in the worship of God and the service of man. 
 
 I now have the pleasure of presenting to you Col. 
 Thomas Wentworth Higginson, the presiding officer 
 of this congress, who will address you.
 
 ETHICS. 
 
 Officers, Members, and Friends of the Ethical 
 Congress : 
 
 These words of welcome which I speak to you in 
 the name of the organisation which I represent, are 
 more than formal courtesies. The new Science of 
 Ethics comes at such a time and to perform such a 
 work, that it is entitled to special recognition in a 
 series of World's Congresses, and surely, never since 
 the first ethical convention was convened has one been 
 assembled under circumstances more auspicious and 
 appropriate than your own. 
 
 The great Parliament of Religions, standing like a 
 mountain-peak alone in its glory, closed its last ses- 
 sion but a day or two before yours were called to com- 
 mence. It is the peculiar province of Ethical Science 
 to select out of all the religions of the world, out of 
 the universal experience of mankind, those common 
 and fundamental rules of life which express the con- 
 sensus of human opinion in regard to what is good 
 and what is evil, what should be done and what should 
 be avoided. 
 
 So constituted are human minds that they have al-
 
 54 world's congress addresses. 
 
 ways differed and will always continue to differ greatly 
 in their opinions of what is truth or right. The differ- 
 ent views which human beings take of the same sub- 
 ject, their relations, the circumstances, the environ- 
 ment, will always more or less influence their opinions. 
 But it has pleased the Creator of man so to constitute 
 him that there is comparatively little room for differ- 
 ences of opinion as to what is good and what is evil. 
 
 So when the public opinion of tlie world, espe- 
 cially in the domain of religion, had become greatly 
 divided from the causes to which I have made a brief 
 allusion, it pleased the Supreme Being to raise up a 
 new science, which men have called the Science of 
 Ethics, to teach that however men may differ in their 
 opinions, however their creeds may vary and their 
 doctrines may diverge, they should, nevertheless, try 
 to deduce from all the religions which mankind have 
 had, from all the systems of faith and morals which 
 they now entertafn, from the sum of human experi- 
 ence in different climes and among different races, 
 certain well-defined rules of human conduct upon 
 which all men agree, and by which they shall be, to 
 that extent, united. 
 
 •Thus it seems to me that the apostles of the Sci- 
 ence of Ethics are entitled to unusual consideration. 
 Ethics may indeed prove to be the forerunner of that 
 final union of mankind in the substatitial performance 
 of the practical obligations of man to his Maker and 
 to his fellow men which we now think we foresee and
 
 world's congress addresses. 55 
 
 herald ; a union which will properly respect individual 
 distinctions and differences, and the distinguishing 
 ' characteristics of different races and systems of faith ; 
 and at the same time promote that fraternity which 
 springs from the heart, and which will be a blessing 
 to all men irrespective of such distinctions, differ- 
 ences and characteristics. 
 
 The relation of Ethics to religion, although it has 
 been so much emphasised, is, however, by no means 
 the only one which this new science has to sustain. 
 Government as well as religion needs the influence of 
 this new science. In this domain the department of 
 Political Administration has suffered such a frightful 
 degeneration for want of proper ethical rules of con- 
 duct and their just observance, that it has been held 
 more or less in abhorrence by right-minded men ; and 
 the best and purest citizens have shrunk from polit- 
 ical life because of its degradations and corruptions. 
 But the rules of ethical conduct should dominate the 
 whole political field, as they should reign in business 
 and in social life. 
 
 It may therefore be said that the greatest need of 
 our political condition is the establishment of a body 
 of ethical rules upon which all men, irrespective of 
 party, or creed, or race, or occupation, can agree. 
 What is good and what is evil should be as well recog- 
 nised in that domain as in any other, and crimes should 
 not be encouraged or tolerated because they serve po- 
 litical ends.
 
 56 world's congress addresses. 
 
 Nor is this all. There is a demand for the influence 
 of Ethics on human society. Its frivolities, its follies 
 and short-comings, all need the curative influence of 
 the new medicine which Ethics is prepared to ad- 
 minister to the body politic and corporate. If society 
 were governed by the rules which your organisation 
 promulgates and seeks to establish, who can say how 
 much it would be exalted in its character, how much 
 its influence would be enlarged, and how much more 
 noble and beneficial would be the social life? We 
 would not exclude or in any degree diminish the in- 
 fluence of religion ; we would only add the restraints 
 and supports furnished by ethical science. 
 
 And there is one other field which should not pass 
 unnoticed on this occasion. It is the great field of 
 the Business World in which rages that fierce and 
 malignant strife for supremacy called "competition." 
 Its leading maxim is that the strongest must triumph 
 and the weakest go down. But this diabolical doc- 
 trine, under which the best and the highest must suc- 
 cumb to force and cunning, with all its vicious ac- 
 companiments, must give way before the advance of 
 the new Science of Ethics which is destined, with its 
 allies. Religion and Patriotism, to conquer and trans- 
 form the business world. Justice must reign there 
 also, and justice means the equal right of all men, re- 
 spect by each for the rights of all. It means that 
 sovereignty of service which is higher than the sover- 
 eignty of power ; and under which all men, employers
 
 world's congress addresses. 57 
 
 and employed, capitalists and producers, shall work 
 in harmony, guided by the principles which this Con- 
 gress represents. Thus the business world urgently 
 needs your influence and aid. Was any greater work 
 for practical reform ever presented to any voluntary 
 organisation? 
 
 Then advance and conquer ! till all these depart- 
 ments to which reference has been made shall have 
 learned the excellence of Ethics, and be ready to do 
 equity. So I bid 3'ou welcome, and bespeak a great 
 success in the prosecution of our work.
 
 CHRISTIAN SCIENCE. 
 
 Officers and Members of the Christian Science 
 Congress : 
 
 As General President of the World's Congresses of 
 1893, I salute you and bid you welcome. 
 
 This great audience, filling this "Hall of Wash- 
 ington," gives me occasion to extend to you with my 
 words of welcome, words of hearty congratulation. 
 
 When Science becomes Christian, then, indeed, 
 the world advances toward the millennial dawn. 
 
 No more striking manifestation of the interposi- 
 tion of Divine Providence in human affairs has been 
 seen in recent years, than that shown in raising up 
 the great organisation which you represent, and which 
 is known by the name of Christian Scientists. 
 
 We had come to a state of the world in which sci- 
 ence was called infidel, although true science could 
 never do otherwise than "look through nature up to 
 nature's God." 
 
 The Christian Scientists were therefore called to 
 declare and emphasise the real harmony between re- 
 ligion and science ; and to restore the waning faith of 
 many in the verities of the Sacred Scriptures.
 
 world's congress addresses. 59 
 
 This body of Christian Scientists will do no harm 
 to any other body of worshippers of the Living God, 
 and servants of the brother man, anywhere in the 
 world. 
 
 Catholic and Protestant — though we may say of 
 the Catholic Church that it has always firmly held 
 faith in the supernatural and in the supremacy of the 
 divine — Catholic and Protestant, Baptist and Presby- 
 terian, Methodist and Friend, Unitarian and Congre- 
 gationalist, may all thank God for the new energy and 
 life contributed to the religious world, and especially 
 to Christendom, by the Christian Science movement. 
 The common idea that a miracle is something which 
 has been done in contravention of law is to be wholly 
 rejected. There is not one miracle narrated in the 
 Sacred Scriptures which was not wrought in perfect 
 conformity to the laws which the divine Creator had 
 established. It is mere ignorance of those laws that 
 leads men to think that miracles are acts in contra- 
 vention of them. To know and understand the law, 
 is to see that the wonder is wrought by means of law, 
 and that the miracle consists only in the marvellous 
 character of the act which is done. 
 
 Who can doubt, after witnessing the tremendous 
 events that are now transpiring in our midst, that the 
 day of miracles is as surely here as it was almost nine- 
 teen centuries ago. 
 
 To restore a living faith in the efficacy of prayer — 
 the fervent and effectual prayer of the righteous man
 
 bo world's congress addresses. 
 
 which availeth much ; to teach everywhere the su- 
 premacy of spiritual forces ; to emphasise the fact 
 that in the presence of these spiritual forces all others 
 are comparatively weak and inefficient, — that I under- 
 stand to be your mission. 
 
 That you may so fulfil this mission that not only 
 all Christendom, all the great bodies to which I have 
 referred, but the whole world with all its worshippers 
 of God and servants of man, may have cause to rise 
 up and call you blessed, is my sincere and fervent 
 wish. 
 
 The world assembles here in this great Columbian 
 year that its peoples and Churches may know each 
 other better. You come to make known to the world 
 who you are, what faith you hold, what work you have 
 done, what achievements you have made ; and, on 
 the other hand, to learn from all the others what work 
 they have done, and what faith they hold, in order 
 that, seeing in each other's faces the same spirit of 
 charity, and learning that all are engaged in the same 
 heavenly service, you may take new courage, finding 
 each other not foes, but allies. 
 
 Such is the reign of peace which these World's 
 Congresses of 1893 were organised to inaugurate, 
 which they have indeed begun, and which they will 
 continue to uphold. 
 
 In closing I will only renew my words of welcome, 
 and bid you God-speed in your work.
 
 THE ARMY CHAPLAINS. 
 
 Reverend Ministers Engaged in the Army Service: 
 
 It gives me much pleasure to welcome you on this 
 occasion. This meeting of Army Chaplains represents 
 one of the most important branches of the military 
 service. The Army Chaplain represents, in military 
 life, all the differences between barbaric destruction 
 and what is called civilised warfare. He represents 
 the whole moral and religious duty of the soldier. 
 
 I have come to entertain a fixed conviction that 
 the work of the Army Chaplain ought to be greatly 
 enlarged and its influence very much extended, and 
 that more adequate and earnest efforts should be 
 made to develop in the common soldiers that moral 
 and intellectual excellence which the Army Chaplain 
 represents. 
 
 Under a just government the citizen as well as 
 the soldier must stand ready to die for the country, if 
 need shall require, and the soldier should be not 
 merely a living machine, subject to despotic power, 
 but an intelligent and conscientious defender of jus- 
 tice, standing before his country and the world, a 
 man of honor and a gentleman.
 
 Gi world's congress addresses. 
 
 In the performance of his duty, the soldier exten- 
 sively traverses the country, and marches along the 
 frontier. He has special advantages, when not en- 
 gaged in actual service, for pursuing those scientific 
 investigations of the earth and the sky for which the 
 government from time to time sends out commissions 
 of trained and skilled experts to make examinations 
 and reports. The common soldier should be much 
 better educated. He ought tO study the stars when 
 he keeps guard by night, and the geography, botany, 
 and geology of the fields when he traverses them by 
 day, and thus store his mind with knowledge that 
 would bring elevated thoughts and emotions, and 
 guard him against the temptations to which he is ex- 
 posed. 
 
 The same thing may be said in regard to the navy. 
 Every man-of-war wliich carries the United States 
 flag above it ought to be a floating academy in which 
 the men whose home is in it would pursue, in sub- 
 stantially the same way, when not otherwise engaged, 
 such scientific investigations as have heretofore been 
 conducted by independent expeditions at great ex- 
 pense. The introduction of this principle into the 
 army and navy would at once require that the sailor 
 and soldier should be of a higher type than has 
 hitherto been deemed advisable. 
 
 There are two kinds of war ; the sacred warfare 
 for the just defence of home and country, and the 
 barbaric and brutal warfare of destruction for the
 
 world's congress addresses. 63 
 
 sake of conquest. To fit the soldiers and marines of 
 the United States for the former, and make them ab- 
 hor the latter, is the true work of the army and navy 
 chaplains. They are the school-masters of the army 
 and the navy. They should constantly endeavor to 
 elevate and enlighten the soldiers and sailors under 
 their care. 
 
 With these sentiments, I welcome you to this 
 Congress, and hope that your gathering may be the 
 beginning of a great and wide-spread movement in 
 the directions I have indicated.
 
 MISSIONS. 
 
 Officers and Members of the World's Congress of 
 Christian Missions : 
 
 Believing in the Divinity of the Lord, the Holiness 
 of the Word, and the life that is called Charity; be- 
 lieving that God was in Christ reconciling the world 
 to Himself, and that in His glorified and Divine Hu- 
 manity dwelleth all the fulness of the Godhead, bodily; 
 we cannot otherwise than earnestly desire to extend 
 the knowledge of Him to every human creature 
 throughout the world. 
 
 It is peculiarly appropriate that a Congress on 
 Missions should follow the World's Parliament of 
 Religions just closed, and in which such wonderful 
 events have been witnessed. 
 
 The first of the Religious Congresses held under 
 the auspices of the World's Congress Auxiliary was 
 that of the Jews. At the request of the Jewish lead- 
 ers I attended at the opening session, and made an 
 Address of welcome. I stood before them in the char- 
 acter of "as ultra and ardent a Christian as the world 
 contains." They received my words of welcome with 
 a respect and kindness which I shall never forget.
 
 world's congress addresses. 65 
 
 and during the session extolled the man Christ Jesus 
 in terms which no Christian could hear without pro- 
 found emotions of joy and exultation. 
 
 The next day after this congress of the Jews I 
 asked the eminent Jewish Rabbi, Dr. Hirsch, of this 
 city, to make the opening invocation for the Con- 
 gresses on Labor and on Social and Economic Sci- 
 ence. To the delight of the great assembly he closed 
 his invocation with a devout recital of the Lord's 
 Prayer, in which the audience joined. 
 
 It is impossible to present the person and the 
 character of Jesus Christ to any human being in their 
 truth and simplicity, without winning some kindly 
 response. All we need on the part of Missions is the 
 wisdom to make the proper presentation, and then to 
 let the light go undefiled into the souls to which we 
 would transmit it. 
 
 The work which missions have done in the world 
 is, I think, far from being adequately comprehended. 
 There is one work credited to Christian Missions, 
 which, if it stood alone, would of itself justify all the 
 expenditure of life and of treasure which has been in- 
 volved; which would alone answer and atone for all 
 the mistakes and shortcomings with which missionaries 
 have ever been charged ; and that is the translation of 
 the Sacred Scriptures into three hundred and fifty of 
 the languages and dialects of mankind. After all, 
 this is the greatest work of missions ; for where the 
 Sacred Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments
 
 66 world's congress addresses. 
 
 go, they speak their own divine messages to the hu- 
 man heart, and the more purely and simply these 
 messages can be conveyed, the more sure will be the 
 results that will follow. Without a translation of 
 these Scriptures into the other languages of the earth, 
 little progress could have been made towards that 
 unity of mankind, social, moral, and religious, for 
 which now the whole world longs and hopes. 
 
 One thing which a Congress of Missions should 
 bear in mind is the universality of the idea of the sal- 
 vation of man by God incarnate in a Divine Human- 
 ity. This was the dream of the human race from 
 Eden to Bethlehem, and has ever since been the hope 
 and the light of the world. This salvation is, there- 
 fore, a most natural thing to proclaim, and a most 
 rational thing to receive, and constitutes a universal 
 basis for the unity and the brotherhood of man. We 
 should remember what Paul says of the Gentiles who 
 have "the law written in their hearts," and should 
 bear in mind that through this law they may be 
 reached and saved by "the Only Wise God our Sa- 
 viour." 
 
 The true aim of the missionary societies of the 
 world is to extend throughout the whole earth a 
 knowledge of this Divine Person and his teachings, 
 in order that all men may be brought under their in- 
 fluence. 
 
 That is first, we are told, which is natural, and 
 afterwards that which is spiritual, and hence the mis-
 
 world's congress addresses. 67 
 
 sionary must not be only a spiritual teacher, but he 
 must also be wise in natural things. Many mistakes 
 have been made from a lack of the last-named wis- 
 dom. To deal with the entire man, with the entire 
 state of society, in order that the man and society 
 may be conformed in things natural as well as in 
 things spiritual to the divine ideal, is the true work 
 of the missionary. 
 
 With these reflexions, and this indication of what 
 seems to me to be the spirit of the cause in which 
 you are engaged, I bid you Officers and Members of 
 the World's Missionary Congress of 1893, the heart- 
 iest and most sincere welcome. God speed you in 
 the work which you are about to do. I trust that all 
 of these friends from other countries will go away to 
 their own lands bearing messages of love and affection 
 from you to their own people ; that they may go 
 hence full of burning sentiments of love and faith, 
 kindled by your gracious words, to be missionaries 
 from you to their far-off kin. 
 
 The greatest obstacle in the progress of missions 
 arises, I think we may safely say, from human en- 
 deavors to improve the divine. The mission-school 
 and other similar institutions abundantly prove that 
 the more purely and simply the divine person and 
 character of the founder of Christianity are presented 
 to the human mind, the more readily the message is 
 received ; that His words have in them a vital and 
 penetrating power which merely human language can
 
 68 world's congress addresses. 
 
 never supply; and that the story of the New Testa- 
 ment, read or told to human hearts, is its own best 
 and most powerful interpreter. 
 
 Another great obstacle to the success of Christian 
 Missions has been the want of a wise adaptation of 
 means to ends. The great apostle declared his readi- 
 ness to be all things to all men so that he might win 
 them to Christ, but modern missionaries have been 
 slow to follow his great example. It is a fundamental 
 and eternal law that he who would win another to his 
 views must meet him on some point of sympathy and 
 agreement. We must not offend those whom we de- 
 sire to win. 
 
 Then, too, we need to remember that the work of 
 the mission is peace ; and that he who has in his 
 heart any purpose of war, lacks the first qualification 
 for missionary service. 
 
 However important the proceedings of this Con- 
 gress may be to those who will have the pleasure of 
 participating in them, a thousand fold greater ,will be 
 their use if they shall be widely published and circu- 
 lated throughout the world. We hope therefore that 
 the Government of the United States, or some other 
 providential aid, will enable us to put the proceedings 
 of this and the other Congresses of this wonderful 
 Exposition Season into the leading libraries of the 
 world, where they will be accessible to those .who lead 
 the march of thought in the different departments of 
 progress.
 
 world's congress addresses. 69 
 
 In conclusion, I will renew my greeting and wel- 
 come, and wish you, in the Lord's name, the highest 
 possible success in the work you have come to per- 
 form.
 
 EVANGELICAL ALLIANCE. 
 
 Officers and Members of the Evangelical Alliance 
 Congress : 
 
 We live in a period of the most marvellous Chris- 
 tian activity, — a period in which Christianity, assum- 
 ing an attitude never heretofore so fully held, essays 
 ,in very truth the conquest of the entire world, includ- 
 ing all departments of human activity. Is "Christi- 
 anity declining," as we have sometimes he^rd sug- 
 gested? 
 
 The world never saw such a period of religious 
 activity as that in the midst of which we now are. 
 Within a given four years of the past decade more 
 than one thousand communicants were added to the 
 Protestant churches alone during every day of the 
 entire period; more than ten church temples were 
 erected on everyday of that period of four years; and 
 whereas at the beginning of the century there was 
 scarcely a trace of professed Christianity in the col 
 leges and other higher institutions of learning, now 
 about fifty per cent, of the students in those institu- 
 tions are professed Christians. 
 
 At th€ beginning of the century only one in a little
 
 world's congress addresses. 71 
 
 less than fifteen of the population was a professed 
 Christian. Now almost one in five of the population 
 bears that sacred name. Then dogma and ritual and 
 emotion absorbed, for the most part, the strength and 
 vigor and power of the Christian organisation. Now 
 its power and activity reach out in every direction 
 and seek, as I have already said, nothing less than 
 the conquest of the entire earth. Science, industry, 
 commerce, charity, — every field in which man is ac- 
 tive, now responds to the direct influence of the 
 Christian church. 
 
 And last and most surprising, perhaps, of all, and 
 a most fitting thing to be observed on this occasion, 
 is that religion, advancing into the domain of science, 
 finds in the supreme miracle of the Incarnation, not 
 an exception to or a violation of the laws of nature, 
 but their culmination and crown, and the key which 
 unlocks the entire mystery of creation, from the mo- 
 nad to the man ; sees, in this crowning act of evolu- 
 tion, the fulfilment of all law, and not an exception 
 to or a violation of any law. 
 
 The Evangelical Alliance is a special agency raised 
 up by the hand of Divine Providence to promote the 
 unity and peace of mankind. Its special province 
 seems to be to destroy what the founder of the 
 Brotherhood of Christian Unity has termed, and well 
 termed, "Hadesian Theology," — that kind of theol- 
 ogy which sets the different sects and organisations 
 of the Christian religion at war with each other about
 
 72 WORLD S CONGRESS ADDRESSES. 
 
 their points of difference, instead of uniting them with 
 each other against the common foes of infidelity and 
 irreligion. 
 
 I suppose the last part of the twenty-fifth chapter 
 of Matthew may be declared almost the divine Consti- 
 tution of the Evangelical Alliance. It is to feed the 
 hungry, spiritually and naturally; to give drink to the 
 thirsty, to befriend the stranger, to clothe the naked, 
 to heal the sick, to visit those who are in prison, to 
 supply whatever the want may be, either of the body 
 or the soul. 
 
 The Evangelical Alliance, as I understand it, is a 
 grand demonstration of Applied Christianity. Leav- 
 ing speculative and theoretical theology and Christi- 
 anity where they may be treated with the least harm 
 to the general welfare, the churches now at last band 
 themselves together to apply religion to life in all its 
 departments. If the Evangelical Alliance find one 
 casting out devils in the Lord's name, it does not for- 
 bid him "because he followeth not with us," but re- 
 members the words of the Lord : "Forbid him not, 
 for he that is not against us is with us." 
 
 If the Evangelical Alliance see some one Christian 
 denomination especially active in all or any of the 
 good works of faith and charity, it rejoices and calls 
 on others to emulate the example and engage in that 
 just and generous rivalry which will bring all into 
 th.e common service of God and man. 
 
 To be evangelical, we are told, is to act according
 
 world's congress addresses. 73 
 
 to the Gospel, or what is contained therein. And so 
 this Alliance comes before the world declaring that it 
 seeks the furtherance of its objects with the intent to 
 manifest and strengthen Christian unity. 
 
 Thus the first great, all-pervading and command- 
 ing object of this organisation is Christian Unity. 
 That means the unity of all who breathe the name of 
 Christ in reverence and who serve Him under any 
 form of faith. Its further object is to promote Re- 
 ligious Liberty. 
 
 What is religious liberty? Not merely the liberty 
 to attend the religious service one may select, but 
 liberty of mind and conscience and heart to seek out 
 God, and find Him and worship Him without any 
 human restraint in the sacred relation which exists 
 between the soul and its Creator. 
 
 And finally and most appropriately, to promote 
 every kind of Christian work. And this last object of 
 the Evangehcal Alliance comprehends all the others, 
 in such a way that where all are co-operating in 
 Christian work they will not fail to exercise towards 
 each other the privileges of Religious Liberty and 
 seek to promote Christian Unity. And this without 
 interfering with the internal affairs of the different 
 denominations. Thus the Quaker, the Episcopalian, 
 the Baptist, and members of all the other denomina- 
 tions, may each worship God in his own way, and 
 each have the forms and expressions and services
 
 74 world's congress addresses. 
 
 which he may find best adapted to his condition and 
 circumstances. 
 
 The history of this movement is certainly as noble 
 and inspiring as that of any other in the present half- 
 century. From the inception of the movement, in 
 London in 1846, down to the last general meeting in 
 Florence, in 1891, and on to this World's Congress 
 which opens here in Chicago to-day, there has been 
 one long and glorious campaign against the common 
 enemies of mankind, one long and glorious advance 
 in the best work of the Christian warfare. 
 
 Thus the original scope of the movement, as 
 might have been expected, has been enlarged and ex- 
 alted. Its sweep is greater, its reach is farther than 
 when it first set out upon its mission. He who will 
 examine the programme prepared for this occasion 
 cannot but be surprised at the extent and variety of 
 the subjects to be presented, in the name of Christ, 
 for consideration and treatment. Missions, nurses, 
 visitations, baths, education, social purity, social set- 
 tlements, working girls' clubs, physical training, pop- 
 ular lectures, reading circles, tenement reforms, or- 
 ganised charities, reform of criminal administration, 
 and many other subjects are embraced in this splendid 
 programme. 
 
 Who opposes the work which the Evangelical Al- 
 liance sets out to do? Not the Jew, not the Catholic, 
 not the Protestant, not any one who can claim the 
 respect and affection of his fellow-men. It is the na-
 
 WORLD S CONGRESS ADDRESSES. 75 
 
 ture of applied Christianity to commend itself to every 
 human heart. It is not in its nature to excite opposi- 
 tion or hostility ; its exceedingly sweet and winning 
 character naturally awakens affection and respect. 
 
 This occasion, following the Parliament of the 
 World's Religions, is nothing less than a Parliament 
 of the Churches of Christendom, with equal charity, 
 in the spirit of Him who ate even with publicans and 
 sinners in order that He might win their hearts and 
 heal their sickness of sin. 
 
 ''Put up thy sword," is a perpetual command. 
 The conquest of the world will come by the beauty of 
 holiness, by living and acting the Golden Rule, and 
 not by any methods of offensive warfare, natural or 
 spiritual. What this Congress may do, the tremend- 
 ous impulse it may give to the work which it has 
 come to perform, can scarcely be depicted, and yet 
 may be foreseen. It may affect not only Christendom, 
 but the whole world; for what affects Christendom 
 affects the whole world. The mission of the Alliance 
 is peace. It welcomes every ally in its work, and re- 
 joices over every victory won. 
 
 With the hope that this closing Congress of the 
 great Department of Religion of the World's Congress 
 Auxiliary may realise every hope and expectation en- 
 tertained in regard to it, I salute and welcome you.
 
 THE WORLD'S CONGRESSES OF 1893. 
 
 FINAL SESSION. 
 
 Members and Friends of the World's Congress 
 Auxiliary : 
 
 The World's Congresses of 1893 were organised 
 to establish fraternal relations among the leaders of 
 mankind; to review the progress already achieved; 
 to state the living problems now awaiting solution, 
 and to suggest the means of future advancement. 
 
 To promote these high ends, the World's Congress 
 Auxiliary provided for the presentation of the intellec- 
 tual and moral progress of mankind, in connexion 
 with the World's Columbian Exposition, in a series 
 of World's Congresses under the auspices of the Aux- 
 iliary, with the assistance of the leaders in the various 
 departments of human achievement. 
 
 The work of organisation commenced in October, 
 1889, was completed, and the first Congress of the 
 series opened in May, 1893. The last Congress em- 
 braced in the great scheme has been held during the 
 present week, and we have now assembled to exchange 
 our congratulations on the magnificent results of the 
 World's Congress work ; to express our gratitude for
 
 world's congress addresses. 77 
 
 the past, our hopes for the future and our thanks to 
 all whose aid has contributed to the success which we 
 celebrate on this occasion. 
 
 That these Congresses have been successful far 
 beyond anticipation ; that they have transformed into 
 enduring realities the hopes of those who organised 
 and conducted them, and that they will exercise a be- 
 nign and potent influence on the welfare of mankind 
 through the coming centuries, has been so often, so 
 emphatically and so eloquently declared by eminent 
 representatives of different countries and peoples, that 
 these statements may be accepted as established facts. 
 
 That the material exhibit of the World's Colum- 
 bian Exposition in Jackson Park is the most complete 
 and magnificent ever presented to human view, is gen- 
 erally agreed, but a multitude of eminent witnesses 
 have declared, after attendance on both, that the In- 
 tellectual and Moral Exposition of the Progress of 
 Mankind presented in the World's Congresses of 1893 
 is greater and more imposing still. 
 
 Thus the work of the World's Congress Auxiliary 
 of the World's Columbian Exposition takes its endur- 
 ing place in human history, an imperishable part of 
 the progress of mankind. 
 
 Although the press reports of the proceedings have 
 in many cases been marvels of modern journalism, 
 the general success of the Congresses has been much 
 greater than has generally been understood. For the 
 Congresses have been so many and the sessions so
 
 78 world's congress addresses. 
 
 numerous, that even that wonder of the age, the great 
 daily newspaper, could not fully present the work of 
 the Congresses without the suppression of other im- 
 portant news. It is with gratitude for the admirable 
 service rendered that this explanation is made. 
 
 As a general rule, what have been termed "the 
 minor congresses " have been declared by those who 
 conducted them, or otherwise participated in them, 
 to have been the most important of the kind ever held, 
 in the character, variety, and number of the subjects 
 presented, and the eminence and representative char- 
 acter of the speakers and writers. The very high 
 quality of the papers read has been a subject of daily 
 comment. 
 
 Considering all the circumstances, it may be said 
 that the programmes prepared have been executed 
 with remarkable fidelity. A few of those whose names 
 were announced have failed to appear, or send their 
 papers, but many others have come and more than 
 filled the vacant places. Being human, the proceed- 
 ings have, of course, not been perfect, but the wonder 
 is that the imperfections have been so few and small, 
 and the merits so conspicuous and so great. 
 
 The genuineness of the attendance and participa- 
 tion deserves special mention. The World's Congress 
 Auxiliary has had no funds for compensation, ex- 
 penses or entertainment of participants in the Con- 
 gresses. In a few cases, the Committees of Organi- 
 sation have raised funds for such purposes by private
 
 WORLD S CONGRESS ADDRESSES. 79 
 
 subscription, but for the most part, the writers and 
 speakers have come at their own expense, and with- 
 out any pecuniary reward or assistance, to take part 
 in the great Intellectual and Moral Exposition of 1893. 
 
 No sign has ever been displayed on the walls of 
 the Memorial Art Palace to draw the passing crowds. 
 Those who have come to the Congresses have found 
 the place of holding them without any such aid. The 
 aggregate attendance has been very large. Estimates 
 of the attendance are given by the secretary in his re- 
 port. 
 
 While some of the Congresses have drawn audi- 
 ences limited only by the size of the halls of meeting, 
 others, perhaps equally important, have been attended 
 by a comparatively small number of eminent repre- 
 sentatives of the interests involved. But whether a 
 double audience has filled both of the great audience 
 rooms of Columbus and Washington to overflowing, 
 or a small company has occupied one of the halls on 
 the upper floor of the Memorial Art Palace, the high 
 character of the proceedings has been maintained. 
 
 Another feature of the Congresses deserves special 
 mention. It is their self-governing quality. There 
 has been little need for the enforcement of rules and 
 regulations. Few speakers have given occasion for 
 a call to order. The spirit of order, decorum, dignity 
 and peace has been sovereign during the sessions of 
 these Congresses. This ruling spirit has so promptly 
 rebuked any attempt to overstep the limits of propri-
 
 8o world's congress addresses. 
 
 ety as to leave little occasion for presiding officers to 
 exercise their authority; little occasion to guard seats 
 reserved for delegates, or to insist upon tickets or 
 badges of admission. 
 
 The machinery of organisation, and the general 
 regulations adopted for the government of the Con- 
 gresses, have proven remarkably satisfactor)-. The 
 exclusion of controversy, attack and resolutions of 
 judgment, has secured a freedom, ease, and equality 
 otherwise unattainable ; and has exalted the dignity 
 of the proceedings by making the writers and speak- 
 ers feel that their utterances were addressed to the 
 deliberate judgment of the world, instead of the im- 
 pulse that might control the assembly for an hour. 
 
 The local Committees of Organisation, the Com- 
 mittees of Co-operation on the part of participating 
 organisations, the Advisory Councils of the various 
 Congresses, selected from the different countries, and 
 the General Honorary Members of the World's Con- 
 gress Auxiliary, constitute a practical working ma- 
 chinery which could hardly be improved if other 
 World's Congresses were to be arranged and con- 
 ducted. 
 
 The wisdom of the general plan of arrangements 
 
 « 
 
 has been abundantly demonstrated. Without a defi- 
 nite organisation in well-defined and strictly regulated 
 departments, general divisions and sections, no such 
 success as we now celebrate would have been pos- 
 sible.
 
 world's congress addresses. 8i 
 
 If the so-called Secularists or Freethinkers were 
 denied admission to the Religious Congresses, it was 
 not from any personal ill-will, but because they had 
 no religious faith to affirm, and no religious achieve- 
 ments to set forth. If the Mormon Church was not 
 admitted to the Parliament of Religions, it was not 
 because of any discrimination against its religious 
 faith, but for the reason that its disclaimer of a prac- 
 tice forbidden by the laws of the country had not be- 
 come sufficiently established to warrant such admis- 
 sion. In both these cases, and in some others of a 
 less conspicuous character, the action of the World's 
 Congress Auxiliary was in conformity with the high- 
 est rules of charity and justice. No attack was made 
 on any excluded interest or organisation. 
 
 The extraordinary merit of the proceedings of the 
 whole series of Congresses renews our confidence that 
 the Government of the United States, which sent our 
 publications and communications throughout the 
 world, and gave the World's Congress Auxiliary an 
 exalted position as the duly authorised agency to or- 
 ganise and conduct the World's Congresses of 1893, 
 will furnish the means to publish the entire proceed- 
 ings in an encyclopaedic form ; and send the same to 
 the colleges, the universities and the leading libraries 
 of the countries which have participated in the World's 
 Columbian Exposition, as the most appropriate, en- 
 during and valuable testimonial of the appreciation 
 by the American people of the co-operation and aid
 
 82 world's conpress addresses. 
 
 of the other peoples of the world in the great events 
 of this quadro-centennial year. To that end, let all 
 who have been interested in the Congresses, exert 
 their influence in favor of such a publication and dis- 
 tribution. 
 
 In one of the earlier publications of the World's 
 Congress Auxiliarj', it was declared to be our purpose 
 to bring all the departments of human progress into 
 harmonious relations with each other; to crown the 
 whole glorious work by the formation and adoption 
 of better and more comprehensive plans than have 
 hitherto been made to promote the progress, prosper- 
 ity, unity, peace, and happiness of the world; and to 
 secure the effectual prosecution of such plans by the 
 organisation of a series of world-wide fraternities, 
 through whose efforts and influence the moral and in- 
 tellectual forces of mankind may be made dominant 
 throughout the world. 
 
 This declaration I now repeat, and in conformity 
 with it proclaim the permanent establishment of The 
 World's Congress Fraternity, as the Universal 
 Brotherhood of Learning and Virtue. 
 
 The original membership of this Fraternity will 
 consist of the officers and members, the committees 
 of organisation, the committees of co-operation, the 
 advisory councils and the general honorary members 
 of the World's Congress Auxiliary, and the partici- 
 pants in the proceedings of the several Congresses. 
 The members of these several classes, in any country
 
 world's congress addresses. 83 
 
 or city, or other appropriate locality, may organise 
 and conduct local centres for the continuation, in any 
 convenient form, of the World's Congress work, and 
 may communicate with the corresponding classes in 
 other countries or localities, and unite with them in 
 furtherance of the ends in view, as occasion may from 
 time to time require. In case of any future World's 
 Congress, or International Congress, the organisa- 
 tions indicated may offer and give any appropriate 
 and desired co-operation and aid, in conformity with 
 the general principles and rules which have governed 
 the Congresses of 1893. Additional committees and 
 councils may be appointed, and further proceedings 
 taken, if need therefor shall hereafter arise. The 
 present organisation will be continued for fraternal 
 and historic purposes and for such further active work 
 as cannot otherwise be better accomplished. 
 
 The time now at my command will not permit me 
 even to name the many committees of organisation by 
 which the various Congresses were arranged. It is, 
 however, both my duty and my pleasure to say of 
 them that the fidelity, the patience, and the zeal, the 
 ability, the discrimination, and the executive skill with 
 which the chairman and the members of the more 
 than two hundred, committees of organisation have 
 conducted the correspondence, made the arrange- 
 ments and formed the programmes for the more than 
 two hundred Congresses which have been held in the 
 twenty departments of the Auxiliary, constitute one
 
 84 world's congress addresses. 
 
 of the marvels of the World's Congress work. The 
 discipline and subordination which have attended the 
 execution of the great and complicated scheme would 
 do honor to the best organised department of any 
 government. So efficiently and so silently have these 
 committees done their work that the great public they 
 have served needs to be reminded of their part in the 
 splendid results achieved. A publication which will 
 present the full membership of these and the other 
 committees of the World's Congress Auxiliary is in 
 contemplation. 
 
 These words of praise are intended quite explicitly 
 to apply to the Woman's Branch of the World's Con- 
 gress Auxiliary. Many predictions were made at the 
 outset that this branch would prove an unmanageable 
 part of the organisation. But these predictions have 
 not been verified. More than sixty committees of 
 women have taken part in the work. A part of one 
 of those committees, acting under a misapprehension, 
 resigned, but the action of the various committees, as 
 a whole and in detail, has been most creditable. For 
 conformity to the plan of the work, for subordination 
 to executive authority, for economy of time, and for 
 the wise and efficient arrangement of the programmes 
 entrusted to their charge, the officers and committees 
 of the Woman's Branch of the World's Congress Aux- 
 iliary are entitled to the highest credit. It would be 
 easy to specify cases in which these qualities were 
 conspicuously displayed.
 
 world's congress addresses. 85 
 
 The magnificent array of eminent thinkers and 
 leaders who' have contributed papers or addresses for 
 the Congresses, deserve whatever honors our own and 
 other countries can bestow, for they have made the 
 world their debtor. Those papers and addresses con- 
 stitute such an encyclopaedia of the best thoughts of 
 all countries on the living questions of the age as can- 
 not elsewhere be found. 
 
 The first attempt to bring all the departments 
 of human progress into harmonious relations in a 
 series of international congresses has triumphed. The 
 World's Congress idea is established among the peo- 
 ples of the earth. Every participating organisation 
 and interest has been exalted by its association with 
 the others. 
 
 "N.0T THINGS BUT MEN ! NOT MATTER BUT MIND !" 
 
 will henceforth rank among the commanding watch- 
 words of mankind. 
 
 The Parliament of Religions has emancipated the 
 world from bigotry, and henceforth civil and religious 
 liberty will have a larger and easier sway. 
 
 Labor has found in religion and social science its 
 strongest allies, and will henceforth advance to vic- 
 tory along the lines of law and order and peace. 
 
 Woman's progress will secure for her in the larger 
 family of the school, the Church and the State, a posi- 
 tion perfectly corresponding to that which she right- 
 fully holds in the smaller school and Church and State 
 of the family.
 
 86 world's congress addresses. 
 
 Moral and Social Reform has adopted tlie methods 
 of science, and charities will henceforth be admin- 
 istered for the prevention as well as for the relief of 
 social evils. 
 
 Commerce, finance, production, transportation and 
 distribution have learned that the gilded piracy of de- 
 structive competition must be abandoned for the be- 
 neficent policy of co-operation, to secure the best re- 
 sults to all concerned. 
 
 Science and philosophy have learned the lesson of 
 fraternity and human service ; and education, thor- 
 oughly humanised and exalted, offers its priceless 
 treasures to "all sorts and conditions of men," while 
 the world applauds the new crusade against the evils 
 of ignorance. 
 
 Let this suffice. The progress made in the World's 
 Congresses of 1893 will not be lost. The movement 
 of which they are a part holds the whole world in its 
 embrace, and will not cease till it shall have accom- 
 plished the mandate of God to unite all the peoples of 
 the earth in " the bonds of peace and in righteousness 
 of life." It is because we have served His plans that 
 success has crowned our efforts. 
 
 The last session of the World's Congress season is 
 now to close. As we say "good bye" — that tenderest 
 form of the invocation, "God be With You" — let us 
 recall, with grateful hearts, a few of the golden ex- 
 pressions in which judgment upon our work has been
 
 world's congress addresses. 87 
 
 pronounced by judges competent to pass upon its 
 merits. 
 
 "The World's Congresses of 1893 have advanced 
 the thought of the world fifty years." 
 
 "The proceedings of these Congresses mark a 
 new era in literature, by their wealth of thought and 
 felicity of expression gathered from all parts of the 
 world." 
 
 "These Congresses will exercise a powerful influ- 
 ence on mankind for centuries to come." 
 
 " The Parliament of Religions is the most wonder- 
 ful event since the time of Christ." 
 
 "A hundred years hence, everybody will remember 
 that there was a great Religious Congress of all peo- 
 ples, held in Chicago in 1893." 
 
 "The results of these Congresses seem likely to 
 be too vast and far-reaching to be easily specified." 
 
 "These Congresses are the most notable and val- 
 uable events of the time. They embody the best in- 
 telligence of the age upon all human interests." 
 
 These expressions are but fair examples of those 
 which we have heard from day to day, and in many 
 forms during the sessions of the World's Congresses. 
 Rarely, indeed, does such swift fulfilment wait on 
 prophecy as we have witnessed ; rarely, indeed, do 
 those engaged in a new and great undertaking, find 
 such appreciation and encouragement as it has been 
 our felicity to receive. 
 
 But above all, let us rejoice that our success has
 
 88 world's congress addresses. 
 
 been achieved in a practical and earnest endeavor to 
 help our fellow-men ; and that in all our labors, fidel- 
 ity to duty has been our guiding star. 
 
 Four years have passed since we entered upon our 
 undertaking — four wonderful years, whose great events 
 make them seem like four centuries; and now the hour 
 of parting has arrived. 
 
 With warmest thanks to all who have taken part 
 in the work we celebrate, and who, representing all 
 the continents and most of the countries of the earth, 
 now constitute the World's Congress Fraternity and 
 the vanguard of human progress, — especially to those 
 who journeyed from distant lands to share our labors, 
 and some of whom we rejoice again to meet in these 
 closing ceremonies ; and with an abiding faith that 
 henceforth the armies of learning, virtue, industry and 
 peace will march triumphantly forward till the hosts 
 of ignorance, vice, idleness and strife shall everywhere 
 be conquered and dispersed, and law, liberty, and jus- 
 tice reign supreme, I now declare the close of the 
 World's Congresses of 1S93.
 
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