* & 
 
cop. 'Z, 
 
 TO THOSE ARCHITECTS AND ENGINEERS WHOSE VALUABLE CO-OPERATION HAS ASSISTED US 
 IN DEVELOPING CORRECT METHODS AND APPLI¬ 
 ANCES FOR ECONOMICAL ILLUMINATION FROM 
 CONCEALED SOURCES, WE EXPRESS OUR SINCERE 
 APPRECIATION. 
 
 
 
 NATIONAL X-RAY REFLECTOR CO. 
 
r.v 
 
Illumination from Concealed 
 Sources 
 
 and Detail Plates 
 
 Copyrighted 1914 
 
 NATIONAL X-RAY REFLECTOR CO. 
 
 NEW YORK CHICAGO 
 
Illumination from Concealed Sources 
 
 Planning and Specifying Interior Lighting 
 
 Engineering Department — National X-Ray Reflector Company 
 
 HARVEY B. WHEELER, Chief Engineer 
 
 Table of Contents 
 
 Page 
 
 INDIRECT LIGHTING.1-32 
 
 DIRECT LIGHTING (See Index-Page 33). 33 _ 44 
 
 SHOW WINDOW LIGHTING (See Index-Page 45).45-49 
 
 SHOW AND WALL CASE LIGHTING. 50 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS DATA. 51 
 
 Indirect Lighting Index 
 
 Page 
 
 The Eye Comfort Lighting System 7 
 
 Equipment 
 
 Tungsten Lamps. ; ■ 7 
 
 Reflectors. 7 
 
 Fixtures. 8 
 
 Luminous bowls. 8 
 
 Luminous bowl interior equipment. 9 
 
 Single unit, deep and shallow opaque bowls. 10 
 
 Multi-unit shallow opaque bowls. . 10 
 
 Multi-unit deep opaque bowls. 10 
 
 Opaque bowl interior equipment. 11 
 
 Specifications for fixtures, reflectors and interior 
 equipment. 
 
 Planning the Lighting Equipment 
 Class A Installations 
 From Ceiling Outlets 
 
 Illumination Calculations. 12 
 
 Office Buildings. : 3 
 
 Banks. x 4 
 
 Hotels and Clubs (See Class-C for other rooms). 15 
 
 BarberShop. *5 
 
 Card Room. 1 5 
 
 Sample Room. *5 
 
 Library Buildings. : 5 
 
 Stores and Display Rooms. 16 
 
 Schools. T 7 
 
 Class B Installations 
 
 From Ceiling Outlets 
 
 Illumination Calculations. 
 
 Drafting Rooms. 
 
 Hospital Operating Rooms. 
 
 Large Sewing Rooms. 
 
 Planning the Lighting Equipment 
 
 (Continued) 
 
 Class C Installations 
 
 From Ceiling Outlets Page 
 
 Illumination Calculations. 19 
 
 Churches and Auditoriums. 21 
 
 Hotels and Clubs. 23 
 
 Ball Room. 23 
 
 Buffet. 23 
 
 Dining Room. 23 
 
 Lobby. 23 
 
 Lodge Room. 23 
 
 Hospitals. 24 
 
 Railway Stations. 25 
 
 Residences. 26 
 
 Theatres. 27 
 
 From Floor Outlets 
 
 Portable Art Lamp Equipment. 28 
 
 Portable Floor and Table Lamps. 29 
 
 Newell Post Lighting. 29 
 
 Pedestal Lighting. 29 
 
 Balcony Pedestal Lighting. 29 
 
 Bank Partition Lighting. 30 
 
 Lighting from Book Case Tops. . . . (See Plate No. 9) 
 
 From Cornice Outlets 
 
 Churches and Auditoriums. 31 
 
 Hotels and Clubs. 31 
 
 Residences. 31 
 
 From Bracket Outlets 
 
 Hotels and Clubs.31-32 
 
Index of Tables and Charts 
 
 Table DESCRIPTION Page 
 
 1 Classification of X-Ray Eye Comfort Reflectors. 8 
 
 2 Type of Reflector and Length of Suspension, Class A Installations. 12 
 
 3 Watts per Sq. Ft. for Office Buildings. 13 
 
 4 Watts per Sq. Ft. for Banks. 14 
 
 5 Watts per Sq. Ft. for Hotels and Clubs. 15 
 
 6 Watts per Sq. Ft. for Library Buildings. 15 
 
 7 Watts per Sq. Ft. for Stores and Display Rooms. 16 
 
 8 Watts per Sq. Ft. for Schools. 17 
 
 9 Type of Reflector and Length of Suspension, Class B Installations. 18 
 
 10 Watts per Sq. Ft. for Class B Installations. 18 
 
 11 Watts per Sq. Ft. for Churches and Auditoriums. 21 
 
 12 Watts per Sq. Ft. for Hotels and Clubs. 23 
 
 13 Watts per Sq. Ft. for Hospitals. 24 
 
 14 Watts per Sq. Ft. for Railway Stations. 25 
 
 15 Watts per Sq. Ft. for Residences. 26 
 
 16 Watts per Sq. Ft. for Theatres. 27 
 
 17 Classification of X-Ray Direct Lighting Reflectors. 35 
 
 18 Watts per Sq. Ft. for Direct Lighting Installations. 37 
 
 19 Watts per Sq. Ft. for Skylights. 43 
 
 20 Classification of X-Ray Show Window Reflectors. 48 
 
 21 Spacing of X-Ray Show Window Reflectors. 49 
 
 22 Average Horizontal Illumination on Working Plane for given Wattage 
 
 with Indirect Lighting. 51 
 
 23 Average Horizontal Illumination on Working Plane for given Wattage 
 
 with Direct Lighting. 51 
 
 Chart DESCRIPTION Page 
 
 1 Type of Reflector and Length of Suspension, Class C Installations. ... 19 
 
 2 Type of Reflector and Suspension Height for Direct Lighting. 37 
 
 3 Selection of Show Window Reflectors. 49 
 
INDIRECT LIGHTING 
 
 Page Seven 
 
 THE EYE COMFORT LIGHTING SYSTEM 
 
 Indirect lighting, as exemplified by the EYE COM¬ 
 FORT LIGHTING SYSTEM, is essentially illumina¬ 
 tion from concealed sources. The light flux from the 
 primary light source, the lamp, is directed to the ceiling, a 
 relatively large area of which in turn reflects 
 it back into the room, and in this capacity 
 acts as a secondary light source. 
 
 The resultant illumination is character¬ 
 ized by absence of high brilliancy light 
 sources, great uniformity of illumination, 
 and excellent diffusion which eliminates 
 sharp shadows and specular reflection or 
 glare from glossy surfaces. 
 
 No other form of 
 illumination adds so 
 greatly to the com¬ 
 fort of the individual 
 when working under 
 artificial light. The 
 uniform and diffuse 
 illumination is very 
 restful to the eye, and 
 several hours’ work 
 under it causes prac¬ 
 tically no fatigue. 
 
 No other form of 
 illumination is a bet¬ 
 ter paying investment 
 to the employer. The 
 employee is able to 
 work more expedient¬ 
 ly, he makes fewer 
 mistakes, and since 
 he is working under 
 hygienic conditions 
 his services and good 
 will are retained. All 
 of these considera¬ 
 tions result in maximum human efficiency, which in 
 these days of high wages, is just as important as 
 machine efficiency. 
 
 No other form of illumination adds so greatly to the 
 artistic appearance of an interior. It brings out the 
 architectural features as a harmonious whole, most 
 beautifully. Many modes of treatment make possible 
 the design of lighting equipment, which will blend in 
 with the architecture of the interior, and frequently be 
 a part of it. 
 
 Scientifically designed X-RAY EYE COMFORT 
 reflectors and accessories have been developed to meet 
 the requirements for indirect illumination from ceiling 
 fixtures of many types, floor pedestals, urns, portable 
 floor and table art lamps, wall and pillar brackets, pillar 
 capitals, corbels and cornices. This equipment has 
 been standardized, and complete data, dimensional 
 drawings, and other requisite information on the various 
 types of reflector equipment is given herein. 
 
 With this data at his command, the architect or the 
 illuminating engineer, can design his own fixtures to 
 harmonize with the specific interior, and be assured that 
 the illumination will be ample in quantity ,* perfect in 
 quality, and the combined artistic and 
 lighting effect entirely in accord with the 
 general period or scheme of decoration. 
 
 Equipment 
 
 Lamps 
 
 Tungsten lamps are rated in watts, and 
 can be obtained in sizes varying from io 
 to 500 watts. Most sizes can be supplied in 
 
 either straight or 
 round bulbs. In sizes 
 up to and including6o 
 watts, the lamps are 
 furnished with un¬ 
 skirted bases, and 
 above 60 watts with 
 skirted bases. 
 
 The various sizes 
 of tungsten lamps il¬ 
 lustrated range from 
 40-500 watts inclu¬ 
 sive. It will be noted 
 that all sizes of lamps 
 from 250 watts down, 
 have Medium Screw 
 bases, whereas the 400 
 and 500 watt sizes 
 have Mogul bases. 
 With indirect lighting 
 clear bulb lamps only 
 should be used. 
 
 Reflectors 
 
 The X-RAY reflec¬ 
 tor is the result of 
 years of scientific research and investigation. It is a 
 silvered glass reflector, which has a reflecting efficiency 
 greatly in excess of any of the other commercial 
 reflectors, and which gives perfect light control. The 
 special process of silvering the outside of the one-piece 
 tough blown glass form, assures thorough protection of 
 the reflecting surface—pure silver—and results in per¬ 
 manency of reflecting efficiency. 
 
 X-RAY EYE COMFORT reflectors for indirect 
 lighting are designed in two general types, distributing 
 and concentrating, for tungsten lamps ranging in size 
 from 15 to 500 watts. Table 1 gives complete data on 
 all X-RAY EYE COMFORT reflectors. 
 
 Distributing reflectors are largely used where a 
 considerable spread of light is required, in interiors 
 having comparatively low ceilings. Concentrating re¬ 
 flectors are used mostly in interiors having high ceil¬ 
 ings, where greater light concentration is required, such 
 as churches, auditoriums and most large interiors. 
 
 X-Ray Eye Comfort, One Piece 
 Silvered Glass Reflector 
 
 Tungsten Lamps 
 
 *All data herein provides for ample indirect illumination without the need of any additional local illumination from desk lamps, etc. 
 
Page Eight 
 
 INDIRECT LIGHTING 
 
 EQUIPMENT 
 
 ( Continued) 
 
 Fixtures 
 
 Luminous Bowls ( See Plate 14) 
 
 It is good practice in many interiors, particularly 
 restaurants, the main floor of stores (See Plate No. 8) 
 and residences to softly illuminate part or all of the 
 fixture. Plate No. 14 (see opposite page) gives complete 
 data for designing “Luminous Bowls.” 
 
 The indirect “Luminous Bowl” shown below consists 
 of/a metal rim, supporting a glass bowl and a multi¬ 
 unit interior with lamps and reflectors in a horizontal 
 position. 
 
 Luminous Bowl, Showing Interior Equipment 
 
 These lamps, in opaque X-RAY EYE COMFORT reflectors, 
 give the useful indirect light. 
 
 This small lamp very softly illuminates the glass bowl for decora¬ 
 tive effect only. 
 
 Opaque Bowls (See Plate 15) 
 
 In many interiors it is preferable to employ opaque 
 bowls. This is particularly true of churches, where 
 the best effects are obtained by making the lighting 
 fixtures as inconspicuous as possible. 
 
 Various types of opaque totally indirect fixtures made 
 of Compone* are illustrated on page 10 and complete 
 data on the interior equipment is given on Plate No. 15. 
 
 Multi-unit shallow bowl indirect fixtures are used 
 in rooms having ceilings from 9 to 12 feet in height; 
 whereas deep bowl fixtures are used on ceilings exceed¬ 
 ing 12 feet. 
 
 *Compone is a material which is not only durable, but which 
 may be cast in artistic forms. Its surface is extremely tough and 
 will take a variety of beautiful finishes impossible of application on 
 the ordinary composition. 
 
 Table I. Classification of X-Ray Eye Comfort Reflectors 
 
 according to Light Distribution and wattage of lamps. 
 
 Reflector 
 
 Type of Reflector 
 
 Lamp 
 
 No. 
 
 Dimensions 
 
 Light 
 
 Position 
 
 Watts 
 
 Bulb 
 
 Diom. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Distribution 
 
 of Lamp 
 
 No . 
 
 Base 
 
 & 15 
 
 4'/ 8 " 
 
 ,13, M 
 
 1 '16 
 
 Concentrating 
 
 Vertical 
 
 15 
 
 GI8'/ Z 
 
 G-ld’k 
 
 Unskirted 
 
 L-15 
 
 4 V' 
 
 /%" 
 
 > ) 
 
 )) 
 
 Z5 
 
 y y 
 
 E40 
 
 «fc" 
 
 2 9 /, e" 
 
 > 1 
 
 33 
 
 25 
 
 S-/9 
 
 f 3 
 
 E'40 
 
 6 V 
 
 2%" 
 
 3 3 
 
 3 3 
 
 40 
 
 S’I9 
 
 3 3 
 
 E-40 
 
 6 % " 
 
 z %" 
 
 >3 
 
 33 
 
 60 
 
 5-21 
 
 3 3 
 
 £■60 
 
 - 
 
 z %" 
 
 Distributing 
 
 Horizontal 
 
 25 
 
 S/9 
 
 3 3 
 
 E-60 
 
 — 
 
 z %" 
 
 >} 
 
 33 
 
 40 
 
 S-19 
 
 y y 
 
 L-60 
 
 — 
 
 z%" 
 
 3%" 
 
 >3 
 
 3 3 
 
 60 
 
 S'ZI 
 
 y 3 
 
 EIOO 
 
 s’/C 
 
 S’/ z " 
 
 
 Vertical 
 
 100 
 
 S30 
 
 Skirted 
 
 E'ZOO 
 
 4% " 
 
 Concentrating 
 
 33 
 
 100 
 
 S30 
 
 3 3 
 
 E-ZOO'z 
 
 5 'V' 
 
 4 3 /q " 
 
 33 
 
 3 3 
 
 150 
 
 5-35 
 
 3 » 
 
 E-150 
 
 12 " 
 
 5 % " 
 
 Distributing 
 
 
 150 
 
 5'35 
 
 3 3 
 
 El 55 
 
 — 
 
 3%" 
 
 3 3 
 
 horizontal 
 
 too 
 
 530 
 
 3 9 
 
 E-155 
 
 — 
 
 3%" 
 
 >3 
 
 33 
 
 150 
 
 535 
 
 3 9 
 
 EZ50 
 
 13%." 
 
 5’/t " 
 
 3 3 
 
 Vertical 
 
 250 
 
 S-40 
 
 3 y 
 
 E-255 
 
 I3\" 
 
 6 V 
 
 Concentrating 
 
 33 
 
 250 
 
 5-40 
 
 3 3 
 
 E-255'z 
 
 133/4" 
 
 6%" 
 
 3 > 
 
 33 
 
 400 
 
 G56 
 
 y > 
 
 E-500 
 
 ! 6 s / q " 
 
 T/e" 
 
 Distributing 
 
 3 3 
 
 400 
 
 G-56 
 
 9 3 
 
 E-500 
 
 
 7 V' 
 
 ) 3 
 
 33 
 
 500 
 
 064- 
 
 3 3 j 
 
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 Plate No. 14— Luminous Bowl Interior Equipment 
 
 lighted bowls and do not sacrifice the indirect el 
 
Page Ten 
 
 INDIRECT LIGHTING 
 
 EQUIPMENT 
 
 ( Continued) 
 
 ROOM 
 
 Ceiling 
 
 Height 
 
 Feet 
 
 FIXTURE 
 
 No. 
 
 Req’d. 
 
 Type 
 
 No. 
 
 Material 
 
 Finish 
 
 LAMPS* 
 
 REFLECTOR 
 
 Per 
 
 Fix¬ 
 
 ture 
 
 Size 
 
 Watts 
 
 Type 
 
 No. 
 
 Interior 
 
 Equip¬ 
 
 ment 
 
 No. 
 
 Length 
 of sus¬ 
 pension 
 ** 
 
 Private 
 
 Office 
 
 12 
 
 I 
 
 643-F 
 
 Compone 
 
 Old 
 
 Ivory 
 
 3 
 
 150 
 
 E-155 
 
 7052 
 
 36" 
 
 General 
 
 Office 
 
 12 
 
 24 
 
 131-H 
 
 Brass 
 
 Bru’d 
 
 Brass 
 
 I 
 
 250 
 
 E-250 
 
 8022 
 
 36" 
 
 *A 11 lamps specified must be clear bulb tungsten having a voltage rating corres¬ 
 ponding to the voltage of the circuit on which they are to be used. 
 
 **The length of suspension is the distance from the top of the reflector to the ceiling. 
 
 Specifications 
 
 NOTE:—The following is a sample specification 
 for indirect lighting fixtures. 
 
 Fixtures. 
 
 All fixtures must be constructed of the material and 
 finished as specified in the accompanying schedule of 
 fixtures. Each fixture must be equipped with the type 
 and number of X-RAY EYE COMFORT reflectors, 
 and the standard interior equipment speci¬ 
 fied, and must be constructed in accordance 
 with all rules and requirements of the Na¬ 
 tional Board of Fire Underwriters. 
 
 Reflectors and Interior Equipment. 
 
 The reflectors to be furnished must be 
 X-RAY EYE COMFORT of the types 
 and sizes specified. The reflectors must be 
 one-piece, tough blown silvered glass designed 
 especially for indirect lighting, and for the 
 type and size of lamps specified for each fixture. 
 
 The interior equipment 
 consisting of reflectors, 
 receptacles, holders, cen¬ 
 ter bodies, nipples and all 
 requisite accessories shall 
 be the standard X-RAY 
 EYE COMFORT interior 
 equipment made expressly 
 for the number 
 and size of reflec¬ 
 tors and lamps 
 specified for each 
 fixture, and which 
 will hold the lamp 
 and reflector in 
 correct relation 
 to each other. 
 
 Single-Unit Deep Bowl Interior 
 
 Multi-Unit Shallow Bowl Interior 
 
 Schedule of Fixtures for Indirect Lighting 
 
 Multi-Unit Deep Bowl 
 
 Single-Unit Deep Bowl 
 
 Multi-Unit Shallow Bowl 
 
 Multi-Unit Deep Bowl Interior 
 
INDIRECT LIGHTING 
 
 Page Eleven 
 
 MULTI UNIT INTERIORS 
 DEEP BOWL TYPE. 
 
 the minimum inside diameter and depth 
 of fixtures in which these interiors are 
 to be used These interiors hove been 
 designed so as to keep the diameter a 
 minimum , bent nipples being used on the Z, 
 3 and4 light E60 and the Zand 3 light 
 E'155 interiors to accomplish this . 
 
 Indicates that one socket may be used at center of 
 body in connection with perforated top cap 
 I For F-IOO reflector D = 7j§ for E-200 D -- 7| 
 
 + For EBSOreflector D=9g", for E255 D=9g . 
 
 MULTI-UNIT INTERIORS 
 SHALLOW BOWL TYPE. 
 
 SINGLE UNIT INTERIORS. 
 
 The dimension M indicates 
 the minimum inside 
 diameter of the fixture 
 in which the unit is to 
 be used. It is the overall 
 length of the horizontal 
 E /35 unit. 
 
 Cotaloq 
 
 No 
 
 Eautpment 
 
 Dimensions 
 
 Reflectors - 
 
 Lamps 
 
 n 
 
 B 
 
 C 
 
 D 
 
 7000 
 
 2 hqht ,E-40ref! 40w /amp 
 
 6 s a 
 
 3% 
 
 3'4 
 
 5% 
 
 1001 
 
 g 11 99 >) 
 
 11 91 ' 
 
 7% 
 
 3 7 8 
 
 11 
 
 11 
 
 7002 
 
 4 ” ” » 
 
 91 11 
 
 8 
 
 4% 
 
 11 
 
 9 1 
 
 7003 
 
 5 ” ” ” 
 
 99 11 
 
 9'a 
 
 5 7 a 
 
 11 
 
 1 9 
 
 7 004 
 
 6 ” " ” 
 
 99 19 -)• ' 
 
 10 
 
 6% 
 
 91 
 
 11 
 
 7005 
 
 y 9* yi ft 
 
 99 11 -V- 
 
 II 
 
 7% 
 
 11 
 
 9 9 
 
 7006 
 
 Q M 99 
 
 >9 11 :i'. 
 
 12'8 
 
 8 7 a 
 
 11 
 
 11 
 
 7007 
 
 g 99 >> 99 
 
 a 11 7 *'- 
 
 13 1 8 
 
 9% 
 
 19 
 
 9 > 
 
 7008 
 
 to ” M " 
 
 >1 11 
 
 14' 8 
 
 10% 
 
 11 
 
 19 
 
 70/9 
 
 ,2 It E too or E200ref! /00w 
 
 9% 
 
 4% 
 
 4% 
 
 t 
 
 7020 
 
 g *9 9) 99 Jf 
 
 11 11 
 
 10 % 
 
 5% 
 
 >1 
 
 t 
 
 7 02 i 
 
 >9 99 f) )■) 
 
 11 11 
 
 l/% 
 
 7 
 
 9) 
 
 t 
 
 7022 
 
 g 9 9 99 99 9 9 
 
 11 11 
 
 13'8 
 
 8% 
 
 ») 
 
 / 
 
 7023 
 
 g 99 99 9) *1 
 
 11 11 
 
 !4% 
 
 9% 
 
 19 
 
 t. 
 
 7 024 
 
 y 99 99 ff 99 
 
 11 11 
 
 /6'e 
 
 //% 
 
 11 
 
 t 
 
 7025 
 
 Q 99 99 99 99 
 
 99 ” 
 
 17% 
 
 /2 7 e 
 
 11 
 
 t 
 
 7026 
 
 2 light-E2002 reft. !50wiamp 
 
 9% 
 
 4 7 a 
 
 99 
 
 8% 
 
 7027 
 
 3 ” 
 
 9 9 " 
 
 I0 3 a 
 
 5% 
 
 91 
 
 1 9 
 
 7028 
 
 4 »J *9 *9 
 
 99 19 
 
 n% 
 
 7 
 
 11 
 
 9) 
 
 7029 
 
 5 ” 
 
 99 11 
 
 13'8 
 
 8 3 8 
 
 >1 
 
 9 > 
 
 7030 
 
 g 99 99 99 
 
 99 99 7#;. 
 
 14% 
 
 9 7 8 
 
 9 1 
 
 91 
 
 703/ 
 
 y 99 99 99 
 
 9 9 fi 
 
 /6'a 
 
 l/ 3 8 
 
 11 
 
 9 9 
 
 7032 
 
 8 ” ” ” 
 
 19 99 
 
 17% 
 
 /2 7 a 
 
 11 
 
 91 
 
 7034 
 
 3 tight, E-150 ref! 
 
 § 
 
 I 
 
 13 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 8'4 
 
 1035 
 
 ^ 99 9} 9 9 
 
 91 9 1 
 
 14% 
 
 8% 
 
 f> 
 
 >) 
 
 7036 
 
 5 ” ” ” 
 
 99 9 1 
 
 !6'2 
 
 iO'z 
 
 99 
 
 9 9 
 
 7037 
 
 g H >9 9) 
 
 91 99 
 
 18 ‘4 
 
 12 '4 
 
 99 
 
 »1 
 
 7038 
 
 y 99 9) 91 
 
 19 11 
 
 20 L 
 
 !4'4 
 
 11 
 
 99 
 
 7039 
 
 Q >9 99 iy 
 
 11 19 
 
 22'8 
 
 / 6 'e 
 
 11 
 
 11 
 
 7040 
 
 g 99 19 99 
 
 19 19 
 
 24 '2 
 
 i8'2 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 704 i 
 
 to ” ” ,J 
 
 » >> 
 
 26 4 
 
 20 '4 
 
 9 1 
 
 »9 
 
 7045 
 
 3 HE250or E255reft 25 Ow 
 
 15 
 
 8'8 
 
 6 7 e 
 
 / 
 
 7046 
 
 4 99 91 99 9) 
 
 11 19 
 
 16% 
 
 9 7 a 
 
 9 9 
 
 / 
 
 7047 
 
 g 99 99 91 99 
 
 11 91 
 
 i8 7 8 
 
 12 
 
 99 
 
 / 
 
 7048 
 
 g 19 99 99 *9 
 
 V 11 
 
 2/ 
 
 14'8 
 
 91 
 
 / 
 
 7 049 
 
 y 19 *9 91 91 
 
 19 19 
 
 23'a 
 
 16 '4 
 
 11 
 
 / 
 
 7050 
 
 Q U 91 91 99 
 
 1> 19 
 
 25% 
 
 18 '2 
 
 1) 
 
 t 
 
 7059 
 
 3 light E255? reft 200w lamp 
 
 15 
 
 8'e 
 
 1} 
 
 II 
 
 7060 
 
 4 >9 9 9 99 99 
 
 n 
 
 10'a 
 
 11 
 
 99 
 
 706/ 
 
 5 ” ” •” 
 
 99 1 9 
 
 19'8 
 
 124 
 
 91 
 
 91 
 
 7062 
 
 g 91 11 91 
 
 11 19 
 
 2! 
 
 14'8 
 
 >J 
 
 99 
 
 7 063 
 
 y 19 99 i> 
 
 99 99 
 
 23's 
 
 16 '4 
 
 19 
 
 1> 
 
 7 064 
 
 Q If 91 19 
 
 11 99 
 
 25 3 8 
 
 18 '2 
 
 91 
 
 99 
 
 7066 
 
 3 It. E500refi 400or500 w 
 
 18% 
 
 tO'8 
 
 8'2 
 
 11% 
 
 706 7 
 
 ^ 91 11 1J 19 
 
 19 11 
 
 20% 
 
 12'4 
 
 19 
 
 * 9 
 
 7068 
 
 g 19 *9 11 99 
 
 11 11 
 
 23 'g 
 
 14% 
 
 If 
 
 99 
 
 7069 
 
 g 99 91 <99 91 
 
 1) 11 
 
 26 
 
 n'2 
 
 
 99 
 
 7070 
 
 y 19 11 19 19 
 
 11 11 
 
 26'z 
 
 20 
 
 91 
 
 9 9 
 
 707! 
 
 Q 9! 91 99 19 
 
 19 11 
 
 3 / 4 
 
 22% 
 
 » 1 
 
 •9 
 
 SHALLOW-BOWL EQUIPMENT. 
 
 7010 
 
 Z hqht E 60 reft 60w. lamp 
 
 6 7 8 
 
 lie 
 
 • • • 
 
 3% 
 
 O 13 
 i C 16 
 
 ion 
 
 3 ” 
 
 1 1 
 
 11 19 
 
 11 ' 
 
 
 »i 
 
 19 
 
 70/2 
 
 4 ” 
 
 99 
 
 19 91 
 
 11 
 
 8% 
 
 . . . 
 
 * 9 
 
 99 
 
 7 0/3 
 
 5 ” 
 
 11 
 
 11 99 
 
 11 
 
 9% 
 
 6'4 
 
 91 
 
 99 
 
 70/4 
 
 6 ” 
 
 11 
 
 19 19 
 
 »> 
 
 10% 
 
 7'4 
 
 91 
 
 99 
 
 70/5 
 
 7 " 
 
 11 
 
 99 11 
 
 99 
 
 10% 
 
 1'4 
 
 19 
 
 99 
 
 70/6 
 
 8 " 
 
 J1 
 
 99 91 
 
 11 
 
 II'2 
 
 8'e 
 
 91 
 
 91 
 
 705/ 
 
 2 It Eh55reft 100 or !50w 
 
 9'i 6 
 
 • .. 
 
 4 
 
 3 7 a 
 
 7052 
 
 3” ” 
 
 1} 
 
 19 19 
 
 91 
 
 9% 
 
 ... 
 
 11 
 
 »9 
 
 7 053 
 
 4 99 9J 
 
 91 
 
 19 I 9 
 
 11 
 
 //% 
 
 7% 
 
 11 
 
 *9 
 
 7054 
 
 5 „ u 
 
 
 19 99 
 
 11 
 
 13% 
 
 9% 
 
 11 
 
 1» 
 
 7055 
 
 6” ” 
 
 11 
 
 99 11 
 
 99 
 
 13% 
 
 9% 
 
 11 
 
 19 
 
 7 056 
 
 y 9 i 99 
 
 19 
 
 11 11 
 
 11 
 
 13% 
 
 9% 
 
 9 > 
 
 1 9 
 
 705 7 
 
 8” " 
 
 19 
 
 99 11 
 
 11 
 
 14% 
 
 /0% 
 
 19 
 
 91 
 
 SINGLE-UNIT EQUIPMENT. M D 
 
 8016 
 
 E - 40 reflector - 40wait /amp 
 
 S'2 
 
 5 3 e 
 
 81 12 
 
 E-/55 
 
 9) 
 
 -100 or 150 w lamp 
 
 II 
 
 3% 
 
 8018 
 
 E-100 
 
 >1 
 
 •iOOwoli iomp 
 
 9'z 
 
 7% 
 
 8019 
 
 E-200 
 
 91 
 
 ■100 J ’ ’’ 
 
 9'2 
 
 7% 
 
 8020 
 
 E-200i 
 
 If 
 
 -150 ” 
 
 9'z 
 
 8% 
 
 802 i 
 
 E-150 
 
 91 
 
 -150 ’’ 
 
 12 
 
 84 
 
 8022 
 
 E250 
 
 91 
 
 -250 ” . ” 
 
 13% 
 
 9% 
 
 8023 
 
 E-255 
 
 19 
 
 ■250 " " 
 
 13% 
 
 9 7 8 
 
 81 10 
 
 E-255i 
 
 19 
 
 400 }> ” 
 
 13% 
 
 II 
 
 81 1 1 
 
 E-500 
 
 99 
 
 400or500w tamp. 
 
 n 
 
 11% 
 
 Plate No. 15—Interior Equipment for Opaque Bowls 
 
 Uo OF ILL LltJ. 
 
Page Twelve 
 
 INDIRECT LIGHTING 
 
 CLASS A INSTALLATIONS 
 
 Included in this class are the following types of in¬ 
 stallations, in which uniform and diffuse general working 
 illumination is required: 
 
 Office Buildings 
 Hotels and Clubs 
 Barber Shop 
 Card Room 
 Sample Room 
 
 Banks 
 
 Library Buildings 
 
 Stores and Display Rooms 
 
 Schools 
 
 Illumination Calculations. 
 
 (1) Spacing and Number of Fixtures. 
 
 Divide the area or bay to be illuminated into a 
 number of equal rectangles, (approximate squares). 
 For ceiling heights up to 12 feet, the maximum dimension 
 of the rectangle should not exceed 1.5 times the ceiling 
 height ; from 12 feet to 17 feet inclusive, 1.75 times the 
 ceiling height ; above 18 feet, 2 times the ceiling height. 
 Locate an electric ceiling outlet at the center of each 
 rectangle. 
 
 (2) Wattage Required. 
 
 Select from the subsequent tables, the watts per 
 square foot required for the particular interior. Multi¬ 
 ply the area of one rectangle, obtained from (1), by this 
 quantity, and obtain the required wattage per outlet 
 or fixture. 
 
 (3) Number of Lamps per Fixture. 
 
 Knowing the watts per fixture and the wattage of 
 the lamp it is desired to use, the number of lamps per 
 fixture may be readily obtained. 
 
 (4) Type of Reflector and Length of Suspension. 
 
 Select from Table 2 the type of reflector (concentrat¬ 
 
 ing or distributing) and length of suspension required 
 for the size of rectangle obtained from (1) and the ceil¬ 
 ing height under consideration. Refer to Table 1 for 
 the reflector number corresponding to the size of lamp 
 to be used. 
 
 Example Calculation 
 
 It is required to illuminate a general office (Hibbard 
 Spencer Bartlett & Co., Plate No. 1) of the following 
 dimensions per bay. 
 
 Length 17' o", Width 12' 4”, Ceiling height 14' 6" 
 
 (1) Spacing and Number of Fixtures. 
 
 Multiply the ceiling height 14' 6" by 1.75 and obtain 
 25.4 feet, the maximum dimension of the rectangle that 
 can be illuminated from one center outlet. Since the 
 length of the bay does not exceed 25.4 feet, one fixture 
 per bay will be satisfactory. Therefore the dimensions 
 of the rectangles to be illuminated from one center out¬ 
 let are 17' o"xl2' 4". 
 
 (2) Wattage Required. 
 
 For a general office 1.25 watts per square foot (Table 
 3, Page 13) should be used. Multiply the area of one 
 rectangle (17' o"x 12' 4"), 208 square feet, by 1.25, and 
 obtain 260 watts. 
 
 (3) Number of Lamps per Fixture. 
 
 Suppose it is desired to use single unit fixtures. A 
 250-watt lamp obviously is the nearest size of lamp 
 which will be satisfactory. (See page 7). 
 
 (4) Type of Reflector and Length of Suspension. 
 
 Referring to Table 2, the reflector called for in this 
 case is a distributing type, 42-48 inches to the ceiling. 
 
 Table 2 -Class A ’ InsiaUations . 
 
 do 
 
 
 Type of ref lector ond length 
 
 
 Concentrating 
 
 54” 66” 
 
 Distributing 
 
 60 ”-7/2 
 
 19 
 
 
 of suspension in inches 
 reauired for rooms of 
 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 f 
 
 various dimensions. 
 
 
 
 Concentrating 
 48”60” 
 
 Distributing 
 
 43 ”-60 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 n 
 
 $ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 16 
 
 t 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Concentrating 
 4Z ”- 54 •' 
 
 Distributing 
 
 42”-54 " 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 « 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 C oncen tra ting 
 42”-43” 
 
 Distributing 
 
 42 ”-43 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 r 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Distributing 
 
 42 "-4& ” 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 t 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Distri bu ting 
 
 36"- 42” 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 !Z 
 
 t 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Distri butinq 
 
 30 "-36 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 II 
 
 t 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Distributing 
 
 24”-36 ” 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 * 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Distributing 
 24 ”-30 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 ♦ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Distrib 
 13”- 24” 
 
 
 / 
 
 VI^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 J.Vi 
 
 
 n c 
 
 ? 1 V 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 r-i 4 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Distributing 
 
 )8” 
 
 
 
 / / II • 1 ww/ U/ f / / ILJ1 
 
 can be illuminated from one center outlet . > 
 
 Q) 
 
 <8 
 
 -c 
 
 $ 
 
 -c 
 
 c 
 
 <o 
 
 8 ’ 
 
INDIRECT LIGHTING 
 
 Page Thirteen 
 
 Class A Installations—Ceiling Outlets 
 
 OFFICE BUILDINGS 
 
 (See Plate No. i) 
 
 Curtis Publishing Company 
 
 Large employers of labor realize that human effi¬ 
 ciency is quite as important as machine efficiency, and 
 that equipment which will add to the convenience and 
 comfort of the employees, keep their good will, and most 
 important of all, conserve their health and strength, is 
 a paying investment. 
 
 For this reason the Curtis Publishing Company, 
 when considering the lighting system for its new office 
 building, retained the services of a committee of five 
 professional men, who gave a year of careful study to 
 the question. A very exhaustive investigation of all 
 modern systems of illumination was made, in which the 
 original cost, cost of operation, cost of maintenance and 
 depreciation were weighed against the seeing efficiency 
 or visual acuity of the eye. As a result indirect lighting 
 was selected and installed in all the offices. 
 
 The press rooms, pump rooms, etc., are equipped 
 with X-RAY direct lighting equipment. (See page 41). 
 
 Armour & Co., Chicago R. C. Clark, Architect 
 
 Butler Bros. 
 
 The offices and salesrooms of the new Butler Bros. 
 Building, which is 15 stories high and covers a city 
 block, are equipped with 1600 indirect fixtures. The 
 print shops are illuminated with X-RAY direct lighting. 
 (See page 39). 
 
 Illumination Calculations 
 
 General Offices, Butler Bros. 
 
 (1) Spacing and Number of Fixtures. 
 
 Typical bay 20' o"x 16' 6". Ceiling 12'. Fixtures 
 per bay 4. Area of rectangle illuminated from 
 one fixture io'x8' 3"=82.5 sq. ft. 
 
 (2) Wattage Required. 
 
 (Table 3) 
 
 1.25x82.5=103 watts. 
 
 (3) Number of Lamps per Fixture. 
 
 1-100-watt. 
 
 (4) Type of Reflector and Length of Suspension. 
 
 (Tables 1—2) 
 
 E-100 Reflector. 
 
 30" from top of reflector to ceiling. 
 
 Curtis Publishing Company, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 Edgar V. Seeler, Architect 
 
 Armour & Co. 
 
 The Armour Building occupies an area of 22,750 sq. 
 ft., and is five stories in height. The major portion of 
 the building is laid out in large open areas, which are 
 used for general office work. 
 
 Indirect illumination is used throughout the build¬ 
 ing. Some 900 fixtures are installed. 
 
 Installation Data 
 
 General Offices, Armour & Co. 
 
 Typical bay 17' o"x2i' o" Ceiling 15' 6" 
 
 No. of fixtures 4 Lamps per fixt. 1-100 watt 
 
 Type of reflector E-200 Length of suspension 24" 
 
 Table 3. Watts Per Sq. Ft. for Office Buildings 
 
 General 1 . 25 — 1.50 Private 1.00 - 1.25 
 
 Stenographic 1 . 25 — 1.75 Accounting 1 . 25 — 1.75 
 
 Vaults and Filing 0 . 75 — 1.00 Stock Room 0 . 75 — 1.25 
 
 Consultation R’m. 1.00 — 1.25 Reception Room 0 . 75 — 1.00 
 
 Lobby 1 - 00 — 1.50 Corridor 0 . 50 — 0.75 
 
 These values apply to the use of light ceilings (white, cream or light 
 ivory) high efficiency X-RAY EYE COMFORT Reflectors, and clear 
 bulb tungsten lamps. They cover a permissible decrease in illumination 
 of 25 per cent, due to dust accumulation, etc. 
 
 Butler Bros., Chicago 
 
 D. H. Burnham & Co., Architects 
 
Page Fourteen 
 
 INDIRECT LIGHTING 
 
 Class A Installations—Ceiling Outlets 
 
 BANKS 
 
 (See Plate No. 2) 
 
 ill V ill! 
 
 Peninsular State Bank, Detroit, Mich. 
 Donaldson & Meier, Architects 
 
 Peninsular State Bank 
 
 As shown on the plan and elevation, this banking 
 space is illuminated by means of a combination indirect 
 and direct lighting through the skylight. The latter 
 type of lighting is fully treated under Direct Lighting 
 (page 43). The direct lighting is of a very diffuse nature 
 and does not detract from the indirect illumination. No 
 cage or grill illumination is provided, nor are desk lamps 
 of any sort installed. The general illumination is en¬ 
 tirely sufficient for the most exacting work. 
 
 Approximately no indirect fixtures are installed. 
 
 Illumination Calculations 
 
 Banking Space 
 
 (1) Spacing and Number of Fixtures. 
 
 The architecture of the ceiling determines the num¬ 
 ber and spacing of fixtures and the length of suspension 
 in this particular installation. (See Ceiling Plan). 
 
 (2) Wattage Required. 
 
 {Table 4). 
 
 2.0x 2570=5140 watts. 
 
 (3) Number of Lamps per Fixture. 
 
 16 indirect fixtures. 
 
 1-250 watt lamp each. 
 
 24 Direct lighting reflectors (above skylight). 
 
 1-60 watt lamp each. 
 
 (4) Type of Reflector and Length of Suspension. 
 
 {Tables x and 2). 
 
 16 indirect fixtures. 
 
 E-255 reflector. 
 
 5' o" from top of reflector to ceiling. 
 
 24 No. 555 reflectors above skylight. 
 
 Table 4. Watts Per Sq. Ft. for Banks 
 
 Banking Space 1.25—2.00 
 
 General Office 1.25—1.50 
 
 Stenographic Room 1.25—1.75 
 Consultation Room 1.00—1.25 
 
 Public Space 0.75—1.25 
 
 Private Office 1.00—1.25 
 
 Accounting Room 1.25—1.75 
 Vaults and Filing 0.75—1.00 
 
 These values apply to the use of light ceilings {white, cream or 
 light ivory), high efficiency X-RAY EYE COMFORT reflectors, and 
 clear bulb tungsten lamps. They cover a permissible decrease in 
 illumination of 25 per cent, due to dust accumulation, etc. 
 
 Section 
 
 ■ 57'-O' 
 
 & 
 
 Ss 
 
 XTayEye Comfort Reflectors 
 No.E-Z55 with £50 Watt Duik 
 
 4 
 
 & 
 
 $ 
 
 
 n 
 
 i 
 
 T 
 
 1 
 
 a 
 
 \X-Ps r 
 
 n JTH 
 
 4 
 
 i O W,TrrJk 
 
 w 
 
 IMW 
 
 £ 
 
 
 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 * 
 
 i 
 
 * 
 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 
 & 
 
 Ceiling Plan 
 
INDIRECT LIGHTING 
 
 Page Fifteen 
 
 Class A Installations—Ceiling Outlets 
 
 HOTELS AND CLUBS 
 
 Auditorium. Hotel, Chicago, III. 
 
 Table 5. Watts Per Sq. Ft. for Hotels and Clubs 
 
 Barber Shop 1.00—1.25 
 
 Card Room 1.00—1.50 
 
 Sample Room 1.50—2.00 
 
 These values apply to the use of light ceilings {white, cream or 
 light ivory,) high efficiency X-RAY EYE COMFORT reflectors, and 
 clear bulb tungsten lamps. They cover a permissible decrease in illumi¬ 
 nation of 25 per cent, due to dust accumulation, etc. 
 
 It is apparent to everyone that indirect lighting 
 adds greatly to the comfort of the patrons of a barber 
 shop. 
 
 Installation Data 
 
 Barber Shop, Auditorium Hotel 
 
 Size 23' o" x 40' o" Ceiling 10' o" 
 
 No. of fixtures 6 Lamps per fixture 1-150 watt 
 
 Type of reflector E-200 Length of suspension 24" 
 
 LIBRARY BUILDINGS 
 
 {See Plate No. 10 ) 
 
 Milwaukee Public Library 
 
 A library room, without countless table lamps to 
 obstruct the view, is an achievement. The reading room 
 of the Milwaukee Public Library, is a good example of 
 how this may be accomplished. The entire reading space 
 is flooded with an even intensity of illumination on the 
 working plane (plane of the tables) by the indirect fix¬ 
 tures 36 feet above. The diffuse character of the illumi¬ 
 nation eliminates sharp shadows and glare. 
 
 Illumination Calculations 
 
 Reading Room, Chicago Public Library 
 
 (1) Spacing and Number of Fixtures. 
 
 Typical bay 48' o" x 18' o "—Ceiling 15' 4" 
 
 Fixtures per bay—3. 
 
 Area illuminated from one fixture 16' o" x 18' o"- 
 288 sq. ft. 
 
 (2) Wattage required. 
 
 {Table No. 6 ). 
 
 1.5 x 288=432 watts. 
 
 (3) Number of Lamps per Fixture. 
 
 1-400 watt. 
 
 (4) Type of Reflector and Length of Suspension. 
 
 {Tables 1 and 2 ). 
 
 E-500 Reflector. 
 
 42" from top of reflector to ceiling. 
 
 Public Library, Milwaukee, Wis. Ferry & Clas, Architects 
 
 Vaughn, Meyer & Sweet, Consulting Engineers 
 
 A catalogue room equipped with properly designed in¬ 
 direct lighting fixtures will require no local illumination at 
 the card cases. The diffused illumination penetrates into 
 the drawers making it unnecessary to remove the cards. 
 
 Table 6. Watts Per Sq. Ft. for Library Buildings 
 Lobby 0.75—1.00 Corridor 0.50—0.75 
 
 Delivery Room 1.00—1.25 Catalogue Room 1.00—1.25 
 
 Reading Room 1.25—1.75 Lecture Room 0.75—1.25 
 
 These values apply to the use of light ceilings {white, cream or 
 
 light ivory), high efficiency X-RAY EYE COMFORT reflectors and 
 clear bulb tungsten lamps. They cover a permissible decrease in il¬ 
 lumination of 25 per cent, due to dust accumulation, etc. 
 
 Chicago Public Library, Chicago, III. 
 Shepley Rutan &? Coolridge, Architects 
 
Page Sixteen 
 
 INDIRECT LIGHTING 
 
 Class A Installations—Ceiling Outfits 
 
 STORES AND DISPLAY ROOMS 
 
 (See Plate No. 8) 
 
 Third Floor, Hub Store, Chicago Marshall & Fox, Architects 
 
 Barnum Trunk Co., Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
 The Hub 
 
 The illumination of a high-class 
 store for men, such as the Hub, re¬ 
 quires something distinctive in the 
 character of the lighting equipment. 
 The main floor of the Hub, shown on 
 Plate No. 8, is equipped with lumi¬ 
 nous bowls of special design. 
 
 The basement and upper seven 
 floors, have specially designed Corn- 
 pone fixtures. 
 
 Illumination Calculations 
 
 Third Floor, The Hub. 
 
 (1) Spacing and Number of Fixtures. 
 Typical bay 22' 6" x 22' 6". 
 
 Ceiling 13' 6". 
 
 Fixtures per bay 4. 
 
 Area illuminated from one fixture, 
 11' 3" x 11' 3 ,, = I 26.5 sq. ft. 
 
 (2) Wattage Required. 
 
 (Table 7). 
 
 2.0 x 126.5=253 watts. 
 
 (3) Number of Lamps per Fixture. 
 1-250 watt. 
 
 (4) Type of Reflector and Length of 
 Sits pension. 
 
 (Tables 1 and 2). 
 
 E-250 reflector. 
 
 36" from top of reflector to ceiling. 
 
 P SSiisSSSSSli 
 life fHaiiiiSl. 
 
 
 The Lytton Bldg., Home of The Hub 
 Chicago 
 
 Barnum Trunk Co. 
 
 The leather goods department of 
 the Barnum Trunk Co., illustrates 
 the successful solution of adequately 
 illuminating a salesroom in which 
 chiefly dark goods are displayed. 
 The goods stand out in clear detail 
 and true color values. 
 
 Installation Data 
 
 Salesroom, Barnum Trunk Co. 
 
 Typical bay 20' o" x 20' o". 
 
 Ceiling 15' o". 
 
 Number of fixtures 1. 
 
 Lamps per fixture 4-150 watt. 
 
 Type of reflector E-200. 
 
 Length of suspension 48". 
 
 Albert Breitung 
 
 Size 6o' o" x 18' o". 
 
 Ceiling 12' o". 
 
 Number of fixtures 3. 
 
 Lamps per fixture 8-60 watt. 
 
 Type of reflector E-60. 
 
 Length of suspension 30". 
 
 Table 7. Watts per Sq. Ft. for 
 Stores and Display Rooms 
 Dark Display 1.50—2.25 
 
 Light Display 1.25—1.75 
 
 These values apply to the use of light ceil¬ 
 ings (white, cream or light ivory), high effi¬ 
 ciency X-RA Y EYE COMFORT reflectors, and 
 clear bulb lamps. They cover a permissible 
 decrease in illumination intensity of 25 percent, 
 due to dust accumulation, etc. 
 
 Albert Breitung Cigar Store, Chicago 
 
 Kohler 6* Chase, Musical Instruments, Seattle, Wash. 
 Bebb & Mendel, Architects 
 
INDIRECT LIGHTING 
 
 Pa ge Seven teen 
 
 Class A Installations—Ceiling Outlets 
 
 SCHOOLS 
 
 (See Page Three) 
 
 Boys High School 
 
 LTndoubtedly the school, next to the home, is the 
 place to begin conserving the vision of our future 
 generations by supplying comfortable and sufficient 
 illumination. Indirect lighting is particularly well 
 adapted to the class room. It will supply sufficient 
 illumination on each desk, and it will be impossible for 
 a pupil to cast annoying shadows on his neighbor’s 
 desk. The Boys High School, of which an exterior and 
 several interior views are shown on page 3, is equipped 
 throughout with indirect lighting; 154 Compone fixtures 
 of special design are used. 
 
 Illumination Calculations 
 
 Class Room, Boys High School 
 
 (1) Spacing and Number of Fixtures. 
 
 Size of Room 25' o" x 35' o" Ceiling 13' o" 
 
 Total fixtures 2 
 
 Area illuminated from one fixture 25' o"xi7'6"= 
 438 sq. ft. 
 
 Rugby School, Rugby, England. Sir Thomas Jackson, Architect 
 Installation made by British Thomson- Houston Co., Ltd. 
 
 (2) Wattage Required. 
 
 (7 able 8 ) 
 
 1.25x438=547 watts. 
 
 (3) Number of Lamps per 
 
 Fixture. 
 
 5-100 watt. 
 
 (4) Type of Reflector and 
 
 Length of Suspension. 
 (Tables 1 and 2). 
 
 E-100 reflector. 
 
 42" from top of reflector 
 to ceiling. 
 
 Installation Data 
 
 Chemical Laboratory, 
 
 Boys High School- 
 
 Size 25' o" X 41' o" 
 
 Ceiling 13' o" 
 
 Number of fixtures 3 
 Lamps per fixture 5-100 watt 
 Type of reflector E-100 
 Length of suspension 36" 
 
 Boys High School, New Orleans, La. 
 E. A. Christy, Architect 
 
 Rugby School 
 
 The historic temple speech 
 room of Rugby School has 
 recently been equipped with 
 indirect lighting. 
 
 Installation data is given 
 on the plan and section. The 
 large center fixture is equipped 
 with E-255 reflectors and the 
 remainder, E-200 reflectors. 
 
 Table 8. Watts per Sq. Ft. 
 for Schools 
 
 Class Room.0.75—1.25 
 
 Class Room (Business 
 
 College).1.25-1.50 
 
 Laboratory.1.00 1.75 
 
 Museum.0.75—1.00 
 
 Assembly Hall.0.75—1.25 
 
 These values apply to the use of 
 light ceilings (white, cream or light 
 ivory), high efficiency X-RAY EYE 
 COMFORT reflectors, and clear bulb 
 tungsten lamps. They cover a permis¬ 
 sible decrease in illumination of 25 per 
 cent, due to dust accumulation, etc. 
 
 Boys High School, New Orleans 
 
 Plan and Section, Rugby School 
 
Page Eighteen 
 
 INDIRECT LIGHTING 
 
 CLASS B INSTALLATIONS 
 
 {See Plates 3 and 11) 
 
 Included in this class are the following types of 
 installations, in which a uniform and extremely diffuse 
 and perfectly shadowless illumination on the working 
 plane (plane of tables or desks) is required: 
 
 Drafting Rooms 
 Operating Rooms 
 
 Large Sewing Rooms (Tailoring establishments) 
 
 (1) Spacing and Number of Fixtures. 
 
 Divide the area to be illuminated, or a typical bay, 
 into a number of equal rectangles (approximate squares). 
 For ceiling heights up to and including 12 feet , the maxi¬ 
 mum dimension of the rectangle should not exceed 0.75 
 times the ceiling height ; above 12 feet the maximum should 
 not exceed the ceiling height. 
 
 (2) Wattage Required. 
 
 Select from the subsequent tables, the watts per 
 square foot required for the particular interior. Multi¬ 
 ply the area of one rectangle obtained from (1) by this 
 quantity and obtain the required wattage per outlet 
 or fixture. 
 
 (3) Number of Lamps per Fixture. 
 
 Knowing the watts per fixture and the wattage of 
 the lamp it is desired to use, the number of lamps per 
 fixture may be readily obtained. 
 
 (4) Type of Reflector and Length of Suspension. 
 
 Select from Table 9 the length of suspension required 
 for the size of rectangle obtained from (1) and the 
 ceiling height under consideration. Refer to Table 1 
 for the reflector number corresponding to the size of 
 lamp to be used. 
 
 An excellent drafting room 
 installation is illustrated on 
 Plate No. 3. 
 
 No desk lamps are required. 
 
 The fixtures are overhead and 
 out of the way. The tables 
 may be placed in any posi¬ 
 tion desired. There are no 
 shadows on the working plane, 
 
 (plane of the table) so that a 
 person is “ never in his own 
 light." 
 
 Plate No. 11 illustrates and 
 gives complete data on an 
 operating room. Here again 
 the illumination on the table 
 is shadowless; the fixtures are 
 up high, eliminating the dan¬ 
 ger of infecting the wound due 
 to dust shaken from the light¬ 
 ing equipment, and protect¬ 
 ing the patient from the heat 
 of the lamps. 
 
 Table 10. Watts Per Sq.Ft.for Class B Installations 
 
 Drafting Rooms 2.25—2.75 
 
 Operating Rooms 2.50—3.75 
 
 Sewing Rooms (Large) 2.25—2.75 
 
 The values apply to the use of light ceilings [white, cream or 
 light ivory), high efficiency X-RA Y EYE COMFORT reflectors, and 
 clear bulb tungsten lamps. They cover a permissible decrease in 
 illumination of 25 per cent, due to dust accumulation, etc. 
 
 Operating Room, St. Marys 
 Hospital, Rochester, Minn. 
 
 Table 9 - Class “B” Installations. 
 
 zo' 
 
 Type of ref lector and length 
 
 
 Distributing 
 
 54”■ 7 
 
 19’ 
 
 or suspension in mcnes 
 required for rooms of 
 various dimensions . 
 
 
 
 
 IQ' 
 
 
 
 Distributing 
 
 48 -66" 
 
 
 
 17' 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 16’ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Dislributinq 
 
 48"- 58" 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 15' 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Dislributinq 
 
 42 "-54" 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 14’ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Distributing 
 42 "-46 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 13’ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Distr/b. 
 42 " 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 18’ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Distr/b. 
 
 36" 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 //’ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Dr's frib 
 30 " 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 10' 
 
 
 
 
 
 D/strib . 
 28 ” 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 9 ’ 
 
 
 
 
 
 Dist. 
 
 24" 
 
 
 Mr, 
 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 JLr, V 
 
 
 8' 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 cart be illuminated from one center outlet 
 
 Q) 
 
 J? 
 
 e 
 
 . Cr> 
 
 Q> 
 
 -C 
 
 C 
 
 Co 
 
 6 
 
 8 ' 
 
 16 ’ 
 
INDIRECT LIGHTING 
 
 Page Nineteen 
 
 CLASS C INSTALLATIONS 
 
 Class C embraces installations where the artistic and 
 aesthetic play a very important part, and where uni¬ 
 formity of illumination is of less importance, and hence 
 must necessarily be sacrificed to the former qualities. 
 This class of interiors may be treated in numerous ways, 
 from ceiling, floor, cornice, bracket outlets, etc. 
 
 Included in it are the following types of interiors: 
 
 Hotels and Clubs Churches and Auditoriums 
 Ball Room Hospitals 
 
 Buffet Railway Stations 
 
 Dining Room Residences 
 
 Lobby Theatres 
 
 Lodge Room 
 
 In planning installations of this class, it is not possi¬ 
 ble to give one method of procedure which will apply to 
 all cases; in fact, individual cases require separate 
 methods of treatment. 
 
 Spacing and Number of Fixtures. 
 
 The spacing of units in many cases is dependent on 
 the architectural features of the interior as well as the 
 dimensions of the room. 
 
 Wattage Required. 
 
 The required wattage may be obtained from the 
 subsequent tables of watts per sq. ft. for various in¬ 
 teriors. 
 
 Type of Reflector and Length of Suspension. 
 
 Flat Ceilings 
 
 The length of suspension for flat ceilings is largely 
 a matter of proper proportions and artistic appearance. 
 Care should be exercised, however, to permit no light 
 to strike the walls directly. Chart No. i gives the ceiling 
 spread on flat ceilings, for the concentrating and dis¬ 
 
 tributing types of reflectors for various lengths of sus¬ 
 pension. A fixture shoidd never be located closer to the 
 wall than one-half the ceiling spread. 
 
 Type of Reflector and length of Suspension. 
 
 Arched Ceilings 
 
 For arches in which the span does not exceed 3.5 times 
 the rise, concentrating reflectors shoidd be used, and the 
 height of suspension should not exceed 0.75 of the rise. 
 For arches where the span exceeds 3.5 times the rise, the 
 distributing reflector shoidd be used, and the length of 
 suspension may equal, and in some cases exceed the rise. 
 For arches having only a very slight curvature, Chart 
 No. 1 may be applied in determining the length of sus¬ 
 pension. 
 
 Installation Data 
 
 Size 40' o" x 6o' o" 
 
 No. of fixtures 3 
 Type of reflector E-100 
 
 Ceiling height 15' o" 
 
 Lamps per fixture 7-100 watt 
 Length of suspension 5' o" * 
 
 Chart No. I. - Class “C” Installations. 
 
 *Obviously the correct length of suspension for best appearance is 5' 0" which is safely within the limits of chart No. 1. 
 
Saint Cyrils %>man Catholic Church 
 Chicago 
 
 Joseph Molltor -Architect 
 
 & 
 
 £vanqehcal Trinity Ckurck 
 Ttilwaulcee, UJis. 
 ScWnetjky «1 Son ■ Architect 
 
 First Ireshytpria'n Churcl 
 Clarmda, [owa. 
 
 Zi^hth Church /Christ Scientist - CWa^o 
 Leon. E.S ta nhope A rcKitect 
 
 i/orth Ckia^o Hebrew Church 
 
 Chicago 
 
 Alt rei S. AlscViviler Arctu{ect 
 
INDIRECT LIGHTING 
 
 Page Twenty-One 
 
 Class C Installations—Ceiling Outlets 
 
 CHURCHES AND AUDITORIUMS 
 
 (See Plate 6) 
 
 Eberhardt Memorial Church 
 
 The illustrations show a very striking example in 
 which the lighting equipment is made a part of the 
 architecture. The Compone fixtures are Gothic in 
 design, and special provision is made in the ceiling con¬ 
 struction for the reception of the fixture canopies. Each 
 of the large fixtures, suspended from the main vaulted 
 ceiling, is equipped with a windlass, which permits 
 lowering the fixtures for cleaning and lamp renewals. 
 
 
 r 
 
 /■/oo» 
 
 
 X 
 
 4 y 
 
 a 
 
 sr 
 
 
 
 \ 
 
 FOYER [ 
 
 f— 
 
 - 
 
 V 
 
 
 /-/OO w. 
 
 s? 
 
 - 
 
 b- — 
 
 
 I-I50~ 
 
 X 
 
 V 
 
 1-lSOw 
 
 S- fOOw. 
 GALLERY LINE 
 
 * 
 
 /■/SO w 
 
 x 
 
 Ah 
 
 h/OOw. 
 
 -fp foyer 
 
 /V 
 
 V 
 
 I-IOO M 
 
 s- 
 
 Illumination Calculations 
 
 Nave, Eberhardt Memorial Church 
 
 (1) Spacing and Number of Fixtures. 
 
 A single fixture at the center of the nave obviously 
 is the only possible arrangement. 
 
 (2) Wattage Required. 
 
 (Table 11). 
 
 1.25 x 1520=1900 watts. 
 
 (3) Number of Lamps per Fixture. 
 
 5-400 watt. 
 
 (4) Type of Reflector and Length of Suspension. 
 
 (Table 1 and Arched ceiling data.) 
 
 E-255 reflector. 
 
 9' 6 " from top of reflector to ceiling. 
 
 NOTE:—This fixture helps to illuminate the transcepts and 
 fixtures in transcepts help illuminate the nave. The total required 
 wattage however should be proportioned among the various fix¬ 
 tures according to areas served. (See Plan). 
 
 Eberhardt Memorial Church, Mishawaka, Ind. 
 
 Badgley & Nicklas, Architects, Cleveland, 0 . 
 
 Table 11. Watts Per Sq. Ft. for Churches and 
 
 Auditoriums 
 
 Auditorium 0.75—1.25 Sunday School R’m.0.50—1.00 
 
 Vestibule 0.75—1.00 Foyer 0.75—1.00 
 
 Pastor’s Study 0.50—1.00 Choir Room 0.50—1.00 
 
 These values apply to the use of light ceilings (white, cream or 
 lightjivory), high efficiency X-RAY EYE COMFORT reflectors, and 
 clear,bulb tungsten lamps. They cover a permissible decrease in illumina¬ 
 tion of 25 per cent, due to dust accumulation, etc. 
 
 AUDITORIUM. 
 
 a 
 
 Section 
 

 Lounge 
 
 Gro\/e Park Inn 
 
 Blackstcme Hotel Chicago 
 
 Marshall and fo/’ Architects 
 
 Bev/erlu 
 Hills 7 
 Hotel 
 
 Elmer Grevj 
 
 Architect 
 Los Angeles.Csd 
 
 Grove Park Inn 
 
 AsKev/vlle, N. O. 
 
INDIRECT LIGHTING 
 
 Page Twenty-Three 
 
 Class C Installations—Ceiling Outlets 
 
 HOTELS AND CLUBS 
 
 More new and novel ideas have been worked out in 
 connection with the illumination of the lobbies, dining 
 rooms, ball rooms, and lodge rooms of hotels by indirect 
 methods, than for any other class of interiors. Specially 
 designed ceiling fixtures, floor pedestals and urns, floor 
 and table lamps, cornices and brackets, all have found 
 application. Pages 29, 31, 32 and Plates Nos. 4 and 5 
 show a number of examples. 
 
 Beverly Hills Hotel 
 
 The indirect fixtures in the lobby of the Beverly 
 Hills Hotel are decidedly in keeping with the scheme 
 of decoration. 
 
 Illumination Calculations 
 
 Lobby, Beverly Hills Hotel 
 
 (1) Spacing and Number of Fixtures. 
 
 Typical Bay 20' o" x 17' o" Ceiling 13' 6" 
 Fixtures per bay 1. 
 
 Area of rectangle illuminated from one fixture 20' o" 
 x 17' o"=340 sq. ft. 
 
 (2) Wattage Required. 
 
 (Table 12). 
 
 1.5 x 340=510 watts. 
 
 (3) Number of Lamps per Fixture. 
 
 5-100 watt. 
 
 (4) Type of Reflector and Length of Suspension. 
 
 (Table 1 and Chart 1). 
 
 E-100 Reflector. 
 
 42" from top of reflector to ceiling. 
 
 Lakota Hotel, Chicago, III. W. W. Clay, Architect 
 
 Lakota Hotel 
 
 Installation Data 
 
 Dining Room 
 
 Typical bay 19' o" x 19' 6" Ceiling 14' o" 
 
 Number of fixtures 1 Lamps per fixture 3-150 watt 
 
 Type of reflector E-150 Length of suspension 48" 
 
 Table 12. Watts per Sq. Ft. for Hotels and Clubs 
 
 Ball Room.1.00—1.25 
 
 Buffet 1.25—1.75 
 
 Corridor.0.50—1.00 
 
 Dining Room.0.75—1.25 
 
 Lobby.1.25—1.50 
 
 Lodge Room.1.00—1.25 
 
 LounginglRoom.0.75—1.25 
 
 These values apply to the use of light ceilings, (white, cream or 
 light ivory) high efficiency X-RAY EYE COMFORT reflectors, and 
 clear bulb tungsten lamps. They cover a permissible decrease in 
 illumination of 25 per cent, due to dust accumulation, etc. 
 
 Beverly Hills Hotel, Beverly Hills, Cal. 
 
 Elmer Grey, Architect, Los Angeles 
 
 Deutscher Club 
 
 The ball room of the Deutscher Club, illustrates 
 what beautiful effects may be obtained by properly 
 combining the artistic and engineering features involved 
 in the solution of lighting problems. In addition to the 
 central fixtures, auxiliary lighting for scenic effects is 
 obtained from the indirect brackets installed on the 
 pilasters. 
 
 These are each equipped with one Visor reflector 
 and one 150-watt lamp, (see page 32 for similar detail). 
 Colored glass screens, are provided for obtaining numer¬ 
 ous novel lighting effects during the progress of a ball 
 or banquet. 
 
 If, for instance, a soft and subdued moonlight effect 
 is desired, amber glass screens are placed over the pilas¬ 
 ter units, and the central fixtures extinguished. 
 
 Installation Data 
 
 Ball Room 
 
 Size 60' o" x 90' o" 
 Number of fixtures 3 
 Type of reflector E-500 
 
 Ceiling 34' o" 
 
 Lamps per fixture 3-500 watt 
 Length of suspension 60" 
 
 Deutscher Club, Milwaukee, Wis. 
 
Page Twenty-Four 
 
 INDIRECT LIGHTING 
 
 Class C Installations—Ceiling Outlets 
 
 HOSPITALS 
 
 Milwaukee Hospital, Milwaukee, Wis. 
 
 Meyer J. Sturm, Hospital Architect, Chicago, III. 
 
 A patient lying on his back in a hospital is at the 
 lowest ebb of his vitality. Nothing will cause him more 
 annoyance, pain, and nervous strain than to be com¬ 
 pelled to gaze at a brilliant light source. Hence the 
 advent of indirect lighting was welcomed heartily by 
 hospital managements and today it is considered a 
 most essential part of the standard hospital equipment. 
 
 For Ward lighting it has proved very satisfactory 
 to control each fixture by an electrolier switch at the 
 fixture or by a suitable switch on the wall, arranged to 
 give at least two intensities of illumination and in some 
 cases three: 
 
 (1) A low intensity to enable the nurses to wait on 
 the patients at night. (0.25-0.5 watts per sq. ft.) 
 
 (2) A medium intensity for reading, etc. (o.5-1.0 
 watts per sq. ft.) 
 
 (3) A high intensity for medical examinations at 
 the beds. (1.0-1.5 watts per sq. ft.) 
 
 Frequently (3) is omitted and wall plugs be¬ 
 tween the beds provided. 
 
 Isolation Hospital 
 
 Illumination Calculations 
 
 Typical Ward 
 
 (1) Spacing and Number of Fixtures. 
 
 Size of room 33' 6" x 74' o" Ceiling 15' o". 
 
 Number of fixtures 7. 
 
 Area illuminated from one fixture (33' 6" x 10' 7 /, ) = 
 356 sq. ft. 
 
 Harper Hospital, Detroit, Mich. 
 
 Malcolm V. Higginbotham, Architect 
 
 (2) Wattage Required. 
 
 (Table 13). 
 
 1-25 x 356=445 watts. 
 
 (3) Number of Lamps per Fixture. 
 
 4-100 watts and 1-60 watt. 
 
 Each fixture is controlled by an electrolier switch 
 which gives 60 watts for dim, 360 watts for medium, 
 and 460 watts for bright illumination. 
 
 (4) Type of Reflector and Length of Suspension. 
 
 (Table 1 and Chart No. 1). 
 
 E-100 reflector. 
 
 50" from top of reflector to ceiling. 
 
 Milwaukee Hospital 
 
 Private Room (Surgical Wing) 
 
 Size 14' 6" x 16' 6" Ceiling 11' 6 " 
 
 Number of fixtures 1 Lamps per fixture 4-40 watt 
 
 Type of reflector E-60 Length of suspension 48" 
 
 Table 13. Watts per Sq. Ft. for Hospitals 
 
 Corridor.0.25 
 
 Operating Rooms, (See Class B—Page 18) 
 
 Ward 
 
 Dim (night light).0.25—0.5 
 
 Medium (reading).0.50—1.0 
 
 Bright (medical examinations).1.00—1.5 
 
 These values apply to the use of light ceilings {white, cream or 
 light ivory), high efficiency X-RAY EYE COMFORT reflector, and 
 clear bulb tungsten lamps. They cover a permissible decrease in illumi¬ 
 nation of 25 per cent, due to dust accumulation, etc. 
 
 Chas.E. Malig, Architect 
 
 Harper Hospital, Detroit, Mich. 
 
 Isolation Hospital, Milwaukee, Wis. 
 
INDIRECT LIGHTING 
 
 Page Twenty-Five 
 
 Class C Installations—Ceiling Outlets 
 
 RAILWAY STATIONS 
 
 Chicago, Indianapolis & Louisville R. R., Hammond, Ind. 
 Marshall & Fox, Architects, Chicago 
 
 The new Union station at Memphis which is illumi¬ 
 nated with indirect lighting shows the growing tendency 
 on the part of the railroads to add to the comforts of 
 the traveling public. 
 
 A number of railroads have made indirect lighting 
 part of the standard equipment of station waiting 
 rooms, ticket offices, etc. Some roads have had standard 
 fixtures made up with their monogram or trade marks 
 incorporated in the design of the bowl. For instance the 
 Canadian Northern R. R., has adopted the fixture 
 shown in the illustration of the Winnipeg ticket office, 
 as the standard fixture for all the offices of the entire 
 system. 
 
 Chicago, Indianapolis & Louisville R. R. 
 
 Illumination Calculations 
 
 Station Waiting Room 
 
 (i) Spacing and Number of Fixtures. 
 
 Size 55' o" x 20' o" Ceiling 18' o". 
 
 Number of fixtures 3. 
 
 Area illuminated from one fixture 366 sq. ft. 
 
 The Central Station, Memphis, Tenn. 
 
 Canadian Northern R. R., Winnipeg, Can. 
 
 D. II. Burnham & Co., Architects, Chicago 
 
 (2) Wattage Required. 
 
 {Table 14 ). 
 
 1.3 x 366=476 watts. 
 
 (3) Number of Lamps per Fixture. 
 
 5-100 watt. 
 
 (4) Type of Reflector and Length of Suspension. 
 
 {Table 1 and Chart No. 1 ). 
 
 E-xoo reflector. 
 
 60" from top of reflector to ceiling. 
 
 Table 14. Watts Per Sq. Ft. for Railway Stations 
 Main Waiting Room 1.25—1.75 
 
 Ticket Office {See Class A — Installations) 1.25—1.50 
 
 Ladies’Retiring Room 0.75—1.25 
 
 Smoking Room 0.75—1.25 
 
 Barber Shop {See Class A—Installations ) 1.00—1.25 
 
 Dining Room 0.75—1.25 
 
 These values apply to the use of light ceilings {white, cream or 
 light ivory), high efficiency X-RA Y E YE COMFORT reflectors, 
 and clear bulb tungsten lamps. They cover a permissible decrease in 
 illumination of 25 per cent, due to dust accumulation, etc. 
 
Page Twenty-Six 
 
 INDIRECT LIGHTING 
 
 Class C Installations—Ceiling Outlets 
 
 RESIDENCES 
 
 In view of the fact that the eyesight is the faculty 
 which most often and most markedly declines with 
 advancing years, the illumination of the home should 
 receive the careful attention of the householder. In the 
 evening, when after a day’s activity the eyes are tired, 
 a soft, diffuse and restful illumination is most gratifying. 
 
 Dining Room 
 
 Size 16' o" x 19' 6" 
 Number of fixtures 1 
 Type of reflector E-60 
 
 Ceiling 9' 6" 
 
 Lamps per fixture 4-60 watt 
 Length of suspension 27" 
 
 Size 14' o" x 16' o" 
 Number of fixtures 1 
 Type of reflector E-100 
 
 Bed Room 
 
 Ceiling 9' o" 
 
 Lamps per fixture 1-60 watt 
 Length of suspension 20" 
 
 Table 15. Watts per Sq. Ft. for Residences 
 
 Living Room 
 Reception Room 
 Sun Parlor 
 Dining Room 
 Bath Room 
 Library 
 
 0.75—1.00 
 
 0.75—1.00 
 
 0.75—1.00 
 
 0.50—0.75 
 
 0.25—0.50 
 
 0.75—1.00 
 
 Den 
 
 Music Room 
 Bed Room 
 Hall 
 Porch 
 
 0.75—1.00 
 
 0.50—0.75 
 
 0.25—0.50 
 
 0.25 
 
 0.25—0.75 
 
 Children’sPlayR’m0.50—0.75 
 
 These values apply to the use of light ceilings (white, cream or 
 light ivory), high efficiency X-RAY EYE COMFORT reflectors, and 
 clear bulb tungsten lamps. They cover a permissible decrease in il¬ 
 lumination of 25 per cent, due to dust accumulation, etc. 
 
 Living Room 
 
 Size 12' o" x 15' o" Ceiling 9' o" 
 
 Number of fixtures 1 Lps. per fix. (2-60 wt. 1-25 wt.) 
 
 Type of reflector E-60 Length of suspension 30" 
 
 Dining Room 
 
 (Luminous Bowl Fixture) 
 
 Size 12' o" x 14' o" Ceiling 9' o" 
 
 Number of fixtures 1 Lamps per fixture 3-40 watt 
 
 Type of reflector E-60 Length of suspension 30" 
 
 Porch 
 
 Size 8' o" x 32' o" Ceiling 9' 6" 
 
 Number of fixtures 1 Lamps per fixture 1-100 watt 
 
 Type of reflector E-100 Length of suspension 20" 
 
INDIRECT LIGHTING 
 
 Page Twenty-Seven 
 
 Class C Installations—Ceiling Outlets 
 
 THEATRES 
 
 (See Plate No. 7) 
 
 The theatre of former days was “much lighted” 
 with its myriads of bare lamps outlining the procenium 
 arch, the balcony, the ceiling beams, etc., but it takes 
 quite a stretch of imagination to say it was “well 
 lighted.” Today the tendency is to do away with all 
 this garish display, and provide a moderate and com¬ 
 fortable illumination. 
 
 Indirect lighting equipment meets the demand for 
 ornamental fixtures, and provides the means of dis¬ 
 playing the interior decorations of the ceiling and walls 
 to the best advantage, as well as giving a comfortable, 
 well diffused illumination, as illustrated by the accom¬ 
 panying views of a theatre in England. 
 
 The need of illuminating a moving picture theatre 
 during the time the pictures are shown is recognized 
 as a prime requisite. In many localities the law re¬ 
 quires it. Aside from this consideration, however, 
 proper illumination of the picture theatre adds to its 
 attractiveness, removes the gloom of a dark house, re¬ 
 duces panic dangers, and without question increases 
 attendance. 
 
 Indirect lighting is exactly suited to the purpose. 
 The house may be illuminated to a moderate intensity, 
 and the pictures shown just as well as in complete dark¬ 
 ness. There are no bright lights to distract attention 
 from the pictures, and cause the patrons discomfort. 
 
 Holderness Theatre, Pdull, England 
 Installation made by British Thomson- Houston Co., Ltd., 
 London, England 
 
 Holderness Theatre 
 
 Plan 
 
 Table 16. Watts per Sq. Ft. for Theatres 
 
 Auditorium 1.00—1.50 Ladies’ Retiring Room 0.75—1.25 
 
 Box Office 1.00—1.25 Lobby 1.50—2.50 
 
 Foyer 1.00—1.50 Smoking Room 0.75—1.25 
 
 Moving Picture Theatre 
 
 Dim illumination while pictures are shown* 0.20 
 
 Bright illumination during intermission 0.75—1.25 
 
 These values apply to the use of light ceilings (white, cream or 
 light ivory), high efficiency X-RAY EYE COMFORT reflectors, and 
 clear bulb tungsten lamps. They cover a permissible decrease in 
 illumination of 25 per cent, due to dust accumulation, etc. 
 
 *The front of the theatre receives ample reflected light from the screen, for dim illumination; hence fixtures, within a 
 distance of twice the ceiling height from the screen, need not be wired for dim lighting. 
 
Page Twenty-Eight 
 
 INDIRECT LIGHTING 
 
 Class C Installations—Floor Outlets 
 
 PORTABLE ART LAMP EQUIPMENT 
 
 (See Plate No. 9) 
 
 Curtis Portable Adapters 
 
 Pedestals of metal, wood, and composition, large 
 vases, heavy candle sticks or any suitable standards 
 may be converted into beautiful indirect Art lamps by 
 equipping them with Curtis Adapters of the various 
 types shown below. Standards for table lamps should 
 not be less than 25 inches high , floor lamps 60 inches. 
 
 Provision is made for the illu¬ 
 mination of the silk shade of all 
 the Curtis Adapters shown by pro¬ 
 viding them with a white diffusing 
 plate which diffusely reflects the 
 light passing through the bottom 
 opening of the reflector. In addi¬ 
 tion to this, one of the adapters is 
 equipped with three small direct 
 lamps for illuminating the shade 
 when the indirect illumination is 
 not in use. 
 
 1-1/ 
 
 Fig. 1 -b 
 
 Curtis Portable Adapters 
 
 p 
 
 Craftsman Bldg., New York City 
 
 Illumination calcu¬ 
 lations for the portable 
 indirect lamp are made 
 similarly to the method 
 for ceiling fixtures, ex¬ 
 cept that for residences 
 it is not so objection¬ 
 able to place a lamp 
 close to the wall. If 
 the wall is dark some 
 light is wasted on it, 
 but this is not objec¬ 
 tionable in such instal¬ 
 lations. 
 
 Fig. 2-b 
 
 For Large Table and Floor Lamps 
 With Small Direct Lighting Lamps (Fig. 1). 
 
 This adapter is shown complete, except the silk fab¬ 
 ric for the shade, in the detail drawing. It is equipped 
 with two pull switches for controlling the indirect and 
 direct lamps separately. It is tapped for fastening 
 to top of pedestal. 
 
 Parts 
 
 Refl. E-250 or E-255 Lamps (indirect) 150 or 250 
 
 Refl. Holder and Supports watt 
 
 Diffusing Disk (white) Lamps (direct) 3-10 watt 
 
 Wire Shade Frame 
 
 r f 
 
 £ i 
 - 8 § 
 
 Fig. 3 -b 
 
 Fig. 4 -b 
 
 Without Direct Lighting Lamps 
 
 This adapter is shown in detail in the accompanying 
 drawing in two sizes. It is equipped with one pull switch 
 and is tapped for fastening to top of pedestal. 
 
 Parts 
 
 Refl. E-150, E-250 or E-255 Lamps 100, 150 or 250 watt 
 Refl. Holder and Supports Wire Shade Frame 
 Diffusing Disk (white) 
 
 Curtis Adapters 
 
 For Small Table and Floor Lamps 
 Another type of adapter is shown in the accompany¬ 
 ing sketches. It is constructed so that it will slip over 
 a standard brass shell socket in the vertical position 
 and is made in two sizes. It is readily fastened to any 
 lamp standard having an upright socket at the top. 
 
 Parts 
 
 Refl. E-40, E-100 or E-200 Lamps 25, 40 or 100 watt 
 Refl. Holder and Supports Wire Shade Frame 
 Diffusing Disk (white) 
 
INDIRECT LIGHTING 
 
 Page Twenty-Nine 
 
 Class C Installations 
 
 FLOOR OUTLETS 
 
 Indirect Lighting from floor outlets has been ap¬ 
 plied where novel lighting effects are desired. The 
 pedestal urn used in the Hotel Pontchartrain, Grill 
 Room, is centrally located, and to all intents and pur¬ 
 
 poses is merely a decorative receptacle for flowers 
 and ferns. Pedestals also find great favor where 
 the ceiling is low, as, for instance, the Hub, mezzanine 
 floor. 
 
 Hyde Park Hotel W. L. Stebbins, Architect 
 
 Portable Floor Lamps 
 
 Size 23' o" X56' o 
 Number of Porta¬ 
 bles 8 
 
 Type of Reflector 
 E-255 
 
 Ceiling 12' o" 
 Lamps per fixture 
 1-150 watt 
 Top of reflector to 
 ceiling 6' o" 
 
 Hyde Park Tea Room 
 n 
 
 Pedestal Lighting 
 
 Hotel Pontchartrain, Grill Room 
 Size 40' o" x 40' o" 
 
 Ceiling 17' o" 
 
 Number of pedestals 1 
 Lamps per fixture 6-400 watt 
 Type of reflector E-255 
 Top of refl. to ceiling 9' 6" 
 
 Residence Stair Hall 
 
 Size 9'o"x ii'o 
 Number of fix¬ 
 tures 1 
 
 Type of reflector 
 E-200 
 
 Hall 
 
 Ceiling height 9' o" 
 Lamps per fixture 
 1-100 watt 
 Top of reflector to 
 ceiling 30" 
 
 Newell Post Lighting 
 
 Residence 
 n 
 
 Pedestal used in the Hotel Pontchartrain, 
 Detroit, Mich., Geo. D. Mason, Architect 
 
 Residence Library 
 
 Portable Table Lamps 
 
 Residence Library 
 
 Size 16' o" x 15' o" Ceiling 9' 6" 
 
 Number of portables 1 Lampsper fixture i-i50watt 
 
 Type of reflector E-255 Top of refl. to ceiling 3' 6” 
 
 The Hub, Mezzanine Floor, Chicago, III. 
 
 Marshall & Fox, A rchitects 
 
 Balcony Pedestal Lighting 
 
 The Hub, Mezzanine Floor 
 Width 12" o' Ceiling 9' 6" 
 
 Pedestals on centers 10' o" Lampsper fixture i-isowatt 
 Type of reflector E-250 Top of refl. to ceiling 30" 
 
Page Thirty 
 
 INDIRECT LIGHTING 
 
 Class C Installations—Floor Outlets 
 
 BANK PARTITION LIGHTING 
 
 Capital State Savings Bank 
 
 This bank is illuminated by means of the indirect 
 units located in the boxes as indicated on the plan and 
 section, and the auxiliary lamps and reflectors placed 
 above the skylights. These lamps are spaced so that 
 the skylight is uniformly illuminated, giving the same 
 effect as with indirect lighting. 
 
 Strictly speaking, banks come under Class A installa¬ 
 tions, but the treatment of this bank is of such a special 
 nature that the logical place to discuss it is under Class 
 C. The resultant illumination in this case, however, is 
 fully as diffuse and uniform as required for Class A in¬ 
 stallations. 
 
 Illumination Calculations 
 
 Banking Space 
 
 (1) Spacing and Number of Fixtures. 
 
 Size of room 32' o" x 50' o" Ceiling 26' o" 
 
 Total Fixtures 
 
 Boxes over cages 8 
 Boxes over entrance 4 
 Reflectors over skylight 16 
 
 (2) Wattage Required. 
 
 (‘Table 4, Page 14). 
 
 2.0 x 1600=3200 watts. 
 
 (3) Number of Lamps per Fixture. 
 
 Boxes over cages 2-100 watt. 
 
 Boxes over entrance 1-150 watt. 
 
 Over skylight 1-60 watt. 
 
 (4) Type of Reflector. 
 
 (Table 1 and Chart 1). 
 
 Boxes over cages E-100. 
 
 Boxes over entrance E-200. 
 
 Over skylight No. 555. 
 
 Capital State Savings Bank, Chicago 
 Ottenheimer, Stern & Reichert, Architects 
 
 Detail of Reflector Box 
 
 As will be noted, the boxes for the reception of the 
 indirect reflectors are built up as part of the grill of the 
 bank cages. The method of installing these reflectors 
 is shown in detail. The porcelain receptacle (see Plate 
 12 for complete imformation) has pig-tail terminals for 
 use with approved conduit work. 
 
INDIRECT LIGHTING 
 
 Page Thirty-One 
 
 Class C Installations—Cornice and Bracket Outlets 
 
 CORNICE LIGHTING 
 
 (See Plates Nos. 4, 12, 13.) 
 
 Indirect Lighting from cornices is the oldest form 
 of lighting from concealed sources. It was applied to 
 large interiors, in numerous instances, in the early days 
 of the incandescent lamp, and there is record of its use, 
 many years ago, with gas and even oil lamps. 
 
 It was conceded to give excellent lighting results, 
 and to be the ideal method of displaying the architecture 
 of an interior as a harmonious whole, but the waste of 
 light was enormous, making such installations very ex¬ 
 pensive luxuries. With the advent of the modern high 
 efficiency incandescent lamps, new possibilities were 
 
 opened up for illuminating interiors by this method. 
 
 The X-RAY line of reflectors has been developed 
 and extended so as to include the diversified conditions 
 encountered, from the extremely high Gothic arched 
 ceiling, to the low basket handle arch, and even the flat 
 ceiling. (See Plates 4, 12, 13 and page 20). 
 
 The efficiency of cornice installations now compares 
 very favorably with installations using ceiling fixtures. 
 Many architects are using it in churches and auditori¬ 
 ums where the addition of a cornice is in perfect harmony 
 with the style of architecture. 
 
 BRACKET LIGHTING 
 
 Teco Inn, Hotel Radisson, Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
 •SHOWING, " HOOO ''-REFLECTOR lAT PLACE. 
 
 h alf columa detail 
 
 SHOWIAq BRACKETS IN PLACE 
 
 Indirect lighting, from brackets and walls is meeting 
 with considerable favor, particularly in interiors with 
 comparatively low ceilings. Its chief advantage lies in 
 the fact that it leaves the ceiling clear, and gives the in¬ 
 
 terior a more “roomy” appearance. The indirect light¬ 
 ing tends to “raise the ceiling” which is most desirable 
 in low rooms. It adds a subtle charm not obtainable 
 with ceiling fixtures. 
 
Page Thirty-Two 
 
 INDIRECT LIGHTING 
 
 Class C Installations—Bracket Outlets 
 
 BRACKET LIGHTING 
 
 ( Continued) 
 
 
 McLaughlin Cafe, Milwaukee, Wis. 
 
 McLaughlin Cafe 
 
 Installation Data 
 
 Size 84' o" x 3 2' o" Ceiling 16' o" 
 
 Number of brackets 18 Lamps per bracket 1-150 watt 
 
 Type of reflector Visor Top of refl. to ceiling 4' o" 
 
 Showing bracket in place . 
 
 INDIRECT CANDELABRA BRACKETS 
 
 In many interiors, especially, residences, hotels and 
 clubs, etc., it is desirable to add a touch of refinement 
 and cheerfulness, by the use of ornamental and decora¬ 
 tive indirect candelabra brackets. 
 
 Since their function is chiefly ornamental it is ad¬ 
 visable to use small size lamps. The brackets illustrated 
 are designed for use with 10 or 15-watt tungsten lamps. 
 
 Fig. 2 
 
 The small adapter illustrated in figure 1 is very 
 similar to the Curtis adapters for indirect art lamps. 
 
 Fig. 3 
 
 The silk shade indicated by the dotted lines in Fig. 1 
 is softly illuminated by the small amount of light which 
 comes through the opening in the bottom of the reflector. 
 This light is reflected against the inner surface of the 
 shade by the white diffusing plate. 
 
 The direct light candelabra bracket may be con¬ 
 verted into an indirect bracket by simply adding the 
 small adapter, as shown in figure 2 and the miniature 
 silk shades, figure 3. 
 
 By the use of this same small reflector, or one of 
 the larger ones, wall brackets may be designed of metal 
 or compone, which resemble the ancient Flambeau in 
 appearance. 
 
DIRECT LIGHTING 
 
 Page Thirty-Three 
 
 Table of Contents 
 
 Page 
 
 INDIRECT LIGHTING (See Index-Pages).1-32 
 
 SHOW WINDOW LIGHTING (See Index—Page 45).45—49 
 
 SHOW AND WALL CASE LIGHTING. 50 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS DATA. 51 
 
 Direct Lighting Index 
 
 Direct Lighting Methods. 35 
 
 Equipment 
 
 Direct Lighting Reflectors described and classified. 35 
 
 Specifications, for Fixtures and Reflectors. 35 
 
 Fixtures for Direct Lighting. 36 
 
 Shade Holders. 37 
 
 Planning the Lighting Equipment 
 
 Illumination Calculations 
 
 A simple method for the selection of number and type of reflector. . . 37 
 
 Shops, Factories and Work Rooms. 38 
 
 Printing Shops. 39 
 
 Gymnasiums and Swimming Pools. 40 
 
 Garages. 41 
 
 Power Plants. 41 
 
 Stores and Display Rooms. 42 
 
 Carpet and Rug Sample Displays. 42 
 
 Black Boards, Quotation Boards, Etc. 42 
 
 Skylight Illumination. 43 
 
 Billiard and Pool Tables. 44 
 
 Bowling Alleys. 44 
 
 / 
 
Patten Cymnasiurn 
 
 Northwestern University 
 Evanston , IU. 
 
 Goo.VV. Maher- Architect 
 Chicago 
 
 H 
 
 f 
 
 I 
 
 First A.E.Church 
 Evanston , 111. 
 Tallmaot^e & Watson 
 
 Architects 
 
 Ck;c ^° 
 
 Ford Motor Co. - Chicago 
 
 John Graham-Architect 
 Seattle ( Wash. 
 
 187 th Street OubStation 
 
 United Electric Lijkt Power Co 
 New Ijork 
 
 Havana-Arnencan Tobacco Co 
 Chi caio 
 
 Geo.C .Nimmons-Architect 
 
DIRECT LIGHTING 
 
 Page Thirty-Five 
 
 X-RAY DIRECT LIGHTING 
 
 The principle of concealed lamps and diminished 
 glare is correct, whether the lighting is by direct or in¬ 
 direct methods. This principle is carried out in the 
 X-RAY reflector equipment for direct lighting. The 
 reflector is designed to prac¬ 
 tically hide from view the 
 brilliant filament of the lamp. 
 
 Whether the reflectors are 
 placed near the work or sus¬ 
 pended on the ceiling above, 
 the same protection to the 
 eye is afforded. 
 
 Generally speaking, for commercial and industrial 
 purposes two classes of direct lighting are resorted to, 
 the general system and the localized system. In the one 
 case the lamps are mounted at or near the ceiling, giving 
 a uniform lighting throughout the room; in the other 
 case, individual lamps on drop cords or brackets cause 
 a strong light to fall upon the work leaving the rest of 
 the room in comparative darkness. Since there are few 
 instances in which local lighting is necessary, the gen¬ 
 eral over-head system will fulfill economically most of 
 the requirements of good lighting. 
 
 Of the many advantages of the over-head system, 
 the following are probably the most manifest: 
 
 It makes available for working purposes 
 every square foot of floor space. 
 
 It insures against accident, because there are 
 no dark corners or dense shadows. 
 
 It gives a cheerful appearance to the room, 
 since the whole area is uniformly lighted. 
 
 The room with the absence of drop cords 
 presents a very clean-cut appearance, and in 
 many cases permits an unobstructed view 
 from one end of the room to the other. 
 
 No. 765, The Beehive No. 565 No. 555 
 
 Reflectors 
 
 The X-RAY direct lighting reflectors are especially 
 designed to fulfill the requirements of good lighting. 
 They are of one-piece tough blown silvered glass. They 
 have a wide adaptability and can be used in practically 
 all places where indoor direct lighting is required. 
 Their special points of advantage are: 
 
 Highest known efficiency, 
 
 Permanency, 
 
 Ease of maintenance, 
 
 Scientific design. 
 
 Because these are the most efficient reflectors avail¬ 
 able, the highest economy in supplying illumination 
 may be obtained by their use. 
 
 A remarkable feature of the X-RAY reflector is, 
 that it retains its original brightness and efficiency in¬ 
 definitely. This results from the special processes that 
 are used in the manufacture of these reflectors. 
 
 A marked advantage of the X-RAY reflector from 
 the standpoint of up-keep, is the ease with which it may 
 be cleaned. The fire-glazed finish allows the dust to be 
 easily removed by merely wiping out the inside surface 
 of the reflector with a dry cloth. 
 
 All X-RAY reflectors are carefully designed to hide 
 the lamp and to control and direct the light at the most 
 useful angles. 
 
 The X-RAY reflectors available for direct lighting 
 in commercial and industrial buildings, are illustrated 
 on this page. 
 
 Table 17. X-Ray Reflectors 
 
 Classified According to Lamp Size and Light Distribution 
 
 Refl. 
 
 No. 
 
 Dia. 
 
 Height 
 
 Holder 
 
 Type of Refl. 
 
 Lamp 
 
 Size-Watts 
 
 555 
 
 6§" 
 
 5 i" 
 
 O-2J" 
 
 Distributing 
 
 25—40—60 
 
 565 
 
 78 " 
 
 7 h" 
 
 H-2i" 
 
 Distributing 
 
 100 
 
 696 
 
 8" 
 
 5 " 
 
 0-21" 
 
 Concentrating 
 
 25—40—60 
 
 700 
 
 10" 
 
 5 h" 
 
 H-2i" 
 
 Semi-Concen. 
 
 100 
 
 710 
 
 ill" 
 
 6f" 
 
 0-2 i" 
 
 Concentrating 
 
 100 
 
 765 
 
 10F' 
 
 ill" 
 
 A- 3 i" 
 
 Distributing 
 
 150—250 
 
 Specifications 
 
 Direct Lighting Fixtures 
 
 NOTE:—The following is a sample specification 
 for direct lighting fixtures: 
 
 Fixtures. 
 
 All fixtures must be constructed of the material and 
 finished as specified in the accompanying schedule of 
 fixtures. Each fixture must be equipped with the type 
 of X-RAY reflector, and shade holder specified, and 
 must be constructed in accordance with all rules and 
 requirements of the National Board of Fire Under¬ 
 writers. 
 
 Reflectors. 
 
 The reflectors to be furnished must be X-RAY one- 
 piece tough blown silvered glass reflectors of the types 
 and sizes specified. 
 
 Holders. 
 
 The reflector holders to be furnished must be the 
 type and size specified, and must be of standard dimen¬ 
 sions approved by the architect. 
 
 No. 696 No. 700 No. 710 
 
 Schedule of Fixtures 
 
 Direct Lighting 
 
 
 Ceiling 
 
 Height 
 
 Feet 
 
 FIXTURE 
 
 ROOM 
 
 No. 
 
 Req’d. 
 
 Type 
 
 No. 
 
 Finish 
 
 Lamp 
 
 Watts 
 
 Refl. 
 
 Length of 
 Suspension 
 * * 
 
 Mach. Shop. 
 
 15 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 Zinc 
 
 Plated 
 
 100 
 
 565 
 
 36 " 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 All lamps specified must be clear bulb tungsten having a voltage 
 rating corresponding to the voltage of the circuit on which they 
 are to be used. 
 
 **The length of suspension is the distance from the bottom 
 of the reflector to the ceiling. 
 
Page Thirty-Six 
 
 DIRECT LIGHTING 
 
 DIRECT LIGHTING FIXTURES 
 
 Direct lighting fixtures embodying 
 X-RAY reflectors may be made up in 
 pleasing and ornamental designs in con¬ 
 formity with the architectural features of 
 the interior. In such interiors as stores 
 and display rooms, churches, assembly 
 halls, etc., it is often desirable to install 
 attractive fixtures. 
 
 The decorative fixture No. 14 of spun 
 brass, covers the BEEHIVE reflector No. 
 
 765. This fixture is wYi" in 
 diameter, 16" high and can be used 
 to advantage in store lighting. (See 
 Page 42). 
 
 The design No. 13 also incases the BEE¬ 
 HIVE reflector, and is constructed of 
 leaded art glass with wood rim and socket 
 block. A glass bottom or diffusing plate 
 can be placed in the lower rim of the fixture. 
 No. 13 Size: 14 Y" diameter and i 6 j 4 " high. 
 
 No. 14 
 
 The application of lantern No. 15 
 is shown on Plate No. 23. This 
 gothic design is especially suitable for 
 church lighting. It is 36" in diameter 
 and is constructed to accommodate 
 three No. 765 X-RAY reflectors, in 
 addition to three small lamps for the 
 illumination of the glass sides and 
 bottom. 
 
 The types in wood, art glass and metal here illus¬ 
 trated, suggest the unlimited possibilities in the design 
 of direct lighting fixtures for interiors which are not 
 adapted to indirect lighting, but in which it is highly 
 important to apply the principle of lighting from concealed 
 sources. 
 
 A box type fixture like No. 18 
 with reflector No. 696, is easily 
 installed at the ceiling in stores, 
 under balconies, etc. This box is 
 10%" x 10 W and 8" deep. 
 
 No. 18 
 
 No. 15 
 
 A SINGLE UNIT CEILING FIXTURE 
 Inexpensive, Flexible, Easily Installed 
 
 An excellent type of canopy 
 fixture which can be used with 
 any of the X-RAY direct light¬ 
 ing reflectors, is here illustrated. 
 The unit is arranged with a strap 
 for attaching to the lugs of a 
 standard outlet box or to a fix¬ 
 ture stud and is especially de¬ 
 sirable for installations in shops, 
 factories, workrooms, stores, ga¬ 
 rages, printing plants, power 
 plants, kitchens, laundries, etc. 
 It is approved and can be used 
 without an insulating joint. 
 
 Switch Attachment 
 
 A unique and very desirable feature of this fixture is 
 the switch and lever arm attachment which enables the 
 individual unit to be con¬ 
 trolled independently of 
 the other units on the cir¬ 
 cuit. The fixture can be 
 obtained with or without 
 the switch attachment. 
 
 Parts Interchangeable 
 
 The interchangeability of 
 parts makes it possible to 
 use with the fixture any of 
 the types of holders shown, 
 thus covering all ordinary 
 requirements as to lamp 
 
 size, st} le of reflector, and sketch indicating the method of 
 height of suspension. installing the fixture 
 
 Part No. 10100 is a Form 
 “0”—shade holder. 
 
 No. 10127 shows the 
 Form “H”— 2%" shade 
 holder. 
 
 No. 10128 is a Form “A” 
 
 —3 %" shade holder. 
 
 These holders conform 
 with the standards given 
 on page 37 and are to be 
 used as suggested in table 
 No. 17, Page 35. 
 
 When it is desired to sus¬ 
 pend the reflector down a 
 distance from the ceiling, 
 the cap No. 10129, with 
 center bushed opening is 
 used in place of the holders 
 described above. In this 
 case receptacle No. 8117 
 is not used. The reflector 
 is attached by a standard 
 shade holder to a brass 
 shell socket at the end of 
 the drop cord. 
 
 Attachment No. 10130 can be employed in suspend¬ 
 ing EYE COMFORT Lighting fixtures. The slotted 
 holes in this fitting take the chains which support the 
 bowl of the fixture. 
 
 Finishes 
 
 The fixture can be given a variety of finishes. For 
 factory installations a zinc plate or sheradized finish 
 is satisfactory. For stores, kitchens, etc., the unit will 
 present a good appearance finished in aluminum bronze. 
 
 No. 
 
 10130 
 
 No. 
 
 10129 
 
 XX7 
 
 No. 
 
 I 
 
 l 
 
 -c 
 
 j-^0 
 
 No. 
 
 10127 
 
 No. 
 
 10128 
 
 
DIRECT LIGHTING 
 
 Page Thirty-Seven 
 
 PLANNING THE LIGHTING EQUIPMENT 
 
 Shade Holders 
 
 To avoid trouble in installing reflectors, and to insure that the 
 lamp is held in the proper position in the reflector, follow the sug¬ 
 gestions given below. 
 
 X-RAY reflectors are made with necks of standard sizes. 
 Regular stock shade holders can be used. The types mentioned will 
 fit the various kinds of brass shell sockets and conduit fittings, and 
 are carried by electrical dealers and jobbers. 
 
 Where porcelain receptacles are used, care should be taken to 
 procure porcelains with the shade holder groove. 
 
 Shade Holder Positions 
 
 The correct relations of reflector and shade holder are shown 
 by these figures. 
 
 Note that Form “O,” 2j" is a low or flat holder maintaining a 
 dimension of about i" front center of shade holder screws to the 
 point of contact of the lamp base. Form “H,” 2j" and form “A,” 
 3 j" are deeper holders, maintaining a corresponding dimension of 
 about i[|". 
 
 Figures 2 and 3 show the adaptation of holders to brass shell 
 and porcelain sockets respectively. 
 
 The holders listed below meet the adopted standards for 
 X-RAY reflectors for Direct and Show Window lighting. 
 
 When Form “O” Holder is required 
 For Brass shell sockets, the following may be used: 
 
 Hubbell 234" No. 5339* Pass & Seymour, 234" No. 28 . 
 
 Holophane 2 34" “O”. Plume & Atwood, 234 " No. 1264 . 
 
 Bryant, 2 34" No. 440 . 
 
 For Porcelain sockets, used with Condulets, Unilets, etc.: 
 
 Appleton 2 34" No. 7321 . Crouse-Hinds 234" No. NRS. 
 
 When Form “H” Holder is required 
 For Brass shell sockets, the following may be used: 
 
 Bryant 2 34" No. 441 . Holophane 234" “H”. 
 
 Plume & Atwood 234" No. 2525 . 
 
 For Porcelain sockets, used with Condulets, Unilets, etc.: 
 
 Appleton 234" No. 7322 . Crouse-Hinds 234" NRH. 
 
 When Form “A” Holder is required 
 For Brass shell sockets, use: 
 
 Holophane 334" “A”. 
 
 For Porcelain sockets, used with Condulets, Unilets, etc.: 
 
 Appleton 334" No. 7323- 
 
 Illumination Calculations 
 
 A simple method of calculating illumination with X-RAY 
 direct lighting reflectors is as follows: 
 
 Selection of Unit Area 
 
 Select a typical bay or area which may be considered as the 
 unit area for purposes of lighting calculations. This area in most 
 cases will be one of the squares into which the building is naturally 
 divided architecturally by columns, posts, ceiling beams, etc. 
 
 Wattage Required 
 
 The amount of wattage required to properly illuminate this 
 area will depend upon the character of work done under the light, 
 or the use to which the room or building is to be put. 
 
 The values of watts per square foot for various classes of ser¬ 
 vice, are to be found in Table 18. By multiplying these values by 
 the number of square feet in the unit area, a total wattage for that 
 area may be derived. 
 
 Number of Lamps 
 
 This value of total wattage determines the number of lamps of 
 any given size to be used for the unit area. 
 
 Spacing of Units 
 
 The spacing and height of suspension of the lighting units will 
 depend upon the degree of diffusion and uniformity of illumination 
 desired. The closer the units are together the less intense will be 
 the shadows and the more uniform will be the lighting result 
 
 Hanging Height 
 
 Chart No. 2 at the bottom of the page shows, for various sus¬ 
 pension heights, the maximum size of square which can be uni¬ 
 formly illuminated from a single lighting unit. 
 
 It is seen from Chart No. 2 that for distributing reflectors the 
 lamps should be spaced about 1.5 times the height at which they are 
 suspended above the plane of illumination. For typical examples of 
 spacing and hanging refer to plates Nos. 20, 21 and 24 and to pages 
 38, 39, 40 and 41. 
 
 Selection of Reflector 
 
 The selection of the proper reflector for a given condition is 
 governed largely by the size of the area over which the light is to 
 be distributed by each lamp and reflector. If this area is compara¬ 
 tively large as in cases where general illumination is required the 
 distributing or BEEHIVE types of reflectors should be used. 
 When the area to be lighted is small and requires a strong illumina¬ 
 tion the concentrating reflectors are best adapted. 
 
 A Typical Example 
 
 A system of overhead general illumination is desired for a 
 factory (Calumet Baking Powder Co., Plate No. 24) which has bays 
 16' o Vs" x 19' 534 " and a ceiling height of 12' 2". Considering this 
 bay as the unit area, then 
 
 Floor area 16' o Vs" x 19' 5K"=3I2 sq.ft. 
 
 Watts per sq. ft. required (for general illumination only) 
 (See table i8) = .3. 
 
 Total watts-.3 x 312=94 watts. 
 
 The total wattage of 94 nearly equals 100 watts. 
 
 Hence one 100-watt lamp at the ceiling per bay will be suffi¬ 
 cient for this installation. 
 
 From Chart No. 2 for a height of 12' we obtain 20' as the size 
 of a square that can be illuminated from the center outlet. This 
 practically conforms with the size of the bays under consideration. 
 
 Since general illumination is required use a distributing re¬ 
 flector. From Table 17, No. 565 is the proper type of reflector for 
 the lamp selected. 
 
 Table 18. Watts per Sq. Ft. 
 
 Armory, Auditorium or 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Exhibition Building 
 
 .35— 
 
 .45 
 
 Operating Table 
 
 1.75— 
 
 2.25 
 
 Art Gallery walls 
 
 .85— 
 
 .95 
 
 Pattern Shop 
 
 .50— 
 
 .60 
 
 Auto Show-room 
 
 .85— 
 
 .95 
 
 Power House 
 
 .40 — 
 
 .50 
 
 Billiard Tables (See Page 44) 
 
 
 Press Room 
 
 .70— 
 
 .80 
 
 Bowling Alley (See Page 44) 
 
 
 Residence 
 
 
 
 Car Barns 
 
 .25— 
 
 .35 
 
 Pantry and Kitchen 
 
 .35— 
 
 .45 
 
 Carpenter Shop 
 
 .45— 
 
 .60 
 
 Laundry ^ 
 
 .25— 
 
 .35 
 
 Church, (Dark Ceilings) 
 
 .35— 
 
 .45 
 
 Furnace room and 
 
 
 
 Dance Hall 
 
 .35— 
 
 .45 
 
 store room 
 
 .10— 
 
 .20 
 
 Engraving Room 
 
 1.60— 
 
 L.80 
 
 Restaurant 
 
 .35— 
 
 .45 
 
 Factory 
 
 
 
 Rug Rack, (See Page 42) 
 
 
 
 General work with drop 
 
 
 
 Sewing, Light Goods 
 
 .65— 
 
 .75 
 
 lights 
 
 .25— 
 
 .35 
 
 Sewing, Dark Goods 
 
 1.30 — 
 
 1.50 
 
 Machine Work no drop 
 
 
 
 Skating Rink 
 
 .35— 
 
 .45 
 
 lights 
 
 .65— 
 
 .75 
 
 Stable 
 
 .15— 
 
 .20 
 
 Machine Work, fine work.65— 
 
 .75 
 
 Stock Room 
 
 .15— 
 
 .20 
 
 Bench Work localized 
 
 .65— 
 
 .75 
 
 Stores 
 
 .60— 
 
 1.00 
 
 Foundry 
 
 .50— 
 
 .60 
 
 Swimming Pool 
 
 .45— 
 
 .55 
 
 Freight House 
 
 .25— 
 
 .35 
 
 Telephone Exchange 
 
 .55— 
 
 .65 
 
 Garage 
 
 .35— 
 
 .45 
 
 Train Shed 
 
 .15— 
 
 .20 
 
 Gymnasium 
 
 .45— 
 
 .55 
 
 Type Setting 
 
 1.30— 
 
 1.50 
 
 Laundry 
 
 .35— 
 
 .45 
 
 Warehouse 
 
 .25— 
 
 .30 
 
 Machine Shop (See Factory) 
 
 
 Weaving 
 
 .85— 
 
 .95 
 
Page Thirty-Eight 
 
 DIRECT LIGHTING 
 
 SHOPS, FACTORIES AND WORKROOMS 
 
 (See Plate Nos. 20, 21, 24). 
 
 Light is a tool that is designed for the workmen; it 
 is a safety appliance, a guard against accident; it enables 
 the worker to perform his work more easily and more 
 efficiently; it influences the economy of production. 
 
 The methods used for the lighting of factories and 
 industrial buildings have been practically revolutionized 
 during the last few years. The old drop cord system 
 giving an intense light in one spot has been discarded 
 for other arrangements which produce uniform lighting 
 in all parts of the room. 
 
 The use of moderate size units, arranged to provide 
 a uniform intensity over the entire area is desired, and 
 is preferable to a smaller number of high candle power 
 units placed at greater distances apart. 
 
 Distributing types of reflectors are best adapted for 
 factory illumination, and will cover practically all con¬ 
 ditions. 
 
 In planning the illumination for factories and in 
 selecting the lighting equipment the following principles 
 should be kept in mind: 
 
 Portion of Machine Shop, National X-Ray Reflector Co., Chicago 
 Francis M. Barton, Architect 
 
 (1) Protect the eyes by 
 placing the lighting 
 units high above 
 the work and by 
 hiding the lamps. 
 
 (2) Provide plenty of 
 light for the class 
 of work that is to 
 be done. 
 
 (3) See that light is 
 given the proper di¬ 
 rection for the pur¬ 
 pose of the work¬ 
 man. 
 
 (4) Distribute the units 
 to obtain as nearly 
 uniform illumina¬ 
 tion as possible. 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 X-jQay £?£f-j_bc tops No.765 
 w/th /SO W/trr JJtiMPis 
 
 a 
 
 0 
 
 40-0 - 
 
 0 
 
 PARTIAL PLAN 
 •5HOWIAG TYPICAL HAYS 
 
 Western Clock Co., La Salle, III. 
 
 Pattern Shop, Berlin Machine Works, Beloit, Wis. 
 Perkins, Fellows & Hamilton, Architects, Chicago, III. 
 
 Berlin Machine Works 
 
 Pattern Shop 
 
 Size 50' o" x 116' o" 
 Number of fixtures 50 
 Type of reflector No. 765 
 Watts per sq. ft. 1.0 
 
 Ceiling 13' o" 
 
 Lamps per fixture 1-100 watt 
 Bottom of refl. to floor 12' o" 
 Reflector centers 10' o" 
 
 National X-Ray Reflector Co. 
 
 Portion of Machine Shop 
 Typical bay 16' o" x 16' o" Ceiling 13' o" 
 
 Number of fixtures 2 Lamps per fixture 1-100 watt 
 
 Type of reflector No. 765 Bottom of reflector to floor 
 Watts per sq. ft. 0.78 12 ' o" 
 
 Western Clock Company 
 
 See Partial Plan at ,bottom of Page 
 
 Typical bay 20' x 40' Lamps per fixture 1-150 watt 
 Number of fixtures 3 Watts per sq. ft. 0.56 
 
 Type of reflector No. 765 Bottom of refl. to floor 13' o" 
 
 Western Clock Co., La Salle, III. (Day Photograph) 
 
DIRECT LIGHTING 
 
 Page Thirty-Nine 
 
 PRINTING SHOPS 
 
 The average printing plant is divided into a number 
 of practically independent areas where special kinds 
 of work are being done, and each of those areas require 
 individual attention when the lighting is being planned. 
 
 The wattage required, the type of reflector, and its 
 hanging height, must be determined for each individual 
 outlet, keeping in mind the nature of the work that is 
 to be done under the artificial light. 
 
 Type Setting Department, Butler Bros., Chicago, III. 
 D. H. Burnham & Co., Architects 
 
 Job Printing and Composing—Saul Bros., Chicago, III. 
 Borland Mfg. Bldg., Chas. S. Frost, Architect 
 
 Typesetting, hand composition and proof reading 
 are probably the most difficult operations in the printing 
 plant and require a strong, well shaded light. A local 
 general system like that shown for Butler Bros., is best 
 for these departments. 
 
 A more general illumination can be provided for the 
 press room, although the feed end of the press must have 
 a strong light. 
 
 Imposing stones require an intensity as great as that 
 provided for typesetting. A ioo-watt lamp in a con¬ 
 centrating reflector over the center of the stone is found 
 to be very satisfactory. 
 
 In addition to general illumination for Linotype ma¬ 
 chines, it is necessary that a local light be used at the 
 keyboard. 
 
 For small machines such as saws, paper cutters, 
 casting machines, etc., good general lighting is all that 
 is required. 
 
 Color Press Department, Sears Roebuck & Co., Chicago, III. 
 Geo. C. Nimmons, Architect 
 
 Butler Bros. 
 
 Type Setting Department 
 
 Reflectors are arranged in rows over the type cases. 
 A strong illumination is required for the special conditions 
 found here. 
 
 Typical bay 21' 6" x 16' 6" Ceiling 14' o" 
 
 Number of fixtures 6 Lamps per fixture i-ioowatt 
 
 Type of reflector No. 765 Bottom of refl. to floor 10'o" 
 Watts per sq. ft. 1.7 Refl. centers 6' 0" and y' o" 
 
 Sears Roebuck & Co. 
 
 Color Press Department 
 
 Typical bay 16' o" x 20' 
 Number of fixtures 5 
 Type of reflector No. 765 
 Watts per sq. ft. 1.55 
 
 Ceiling 16' o" 
 
 Lamps per fixture 1 -100 watt 
 Bottom of reflector to floor 
 12' o" 
 
 Saul Bros. 
 
 Printing and Composing Room 
 
 Typical bay 15' o" x 30' o 
 Number of fixtures 6 
 Type of reflector No. 700 
 Watts per sq. ft. 0.8 
 
 Ceiling 11' 6" 
 
 Lamps per fixture 1-60 watt 
 Bottom of reflector to floor 
 io' 8" 
 
Page Forty 
 
 DIRECT LIGHTING 
 
 GYMNASIUMS AND SWIMMING POOLS 
 
 {See Plate No. 22) 
 
 Gymnasium Lighting 
 
 Gymnasium activities are largely carried on by artificial illumina¬ 
 tion, especially in the Y. M. C. A., and playground park gymnasiums 
 of the large cities. The benefits of the exercise will therefore be directly 
 proportional to the satisfactory character of the lighting system em¬ 
 ployed. The example given shows good gymnasium lighting. The 
 general arrangements of the lighting units are given in the figures. 
 
 Holstein Gymnasium 
 
 Size 36' o" x 60' o" Ceiling 28' o" 
 
 Number of fixtures 12 Lamps per fixture 1-150 watt 
 
 Type of reflector No. 765 Bottom of reflector to floor 20' o" 
 
 Watts per sq. ft. 0.83 
 
 SECTION 
 
 PLAN 
 
 Gymnasium, Holstein Park 
 
 Gymnasium, Holstein Park, Chicago, III. 
 Henry Sierks, Architect 
 
 The Lighting Unit 
 
 Reflector with Protecting Wire Guard 
 
 The reflectors should be protected by 
 wire guards, against damage by balls 
 and swinging apparatus. Guards do 
 not affect the lighting results. The 
 fastening of the protectors should be 
 independent of the reflector equipment 
 as shown in the sketch. 
 
 Swimming Pool, Northwestern University, Evanston, III. 
 
 Geo. W. Maher, Architect, Chicago 
 
 Room size 44' o" x 71' o" Ceiling 16' o" 
 
 Number of fixtures 12 Lamps per fixture 1-100 watt 
 
 Type of reflector No. 765 Bottom of reflector to floor 13' o " 
 
 The swimming pool is 25' x 6o'. The ceiling under the balcony is 8' 
 high. Small auxiliary lamps are used to light the glass panels of the fixtures. 
 
DIRECT LIGHTING 
 
 Page Forty-One 
 
 GARAGES AND POWER PLANTS 
 
 Garage, Toronto, Ontario 
 
 Garages 
 
 The small private garage for one car, 
 as well as the large commercial garage, 
 needs a carefully planned lighting sys¬ 
 tem. Much of the inconvenience, de¬ 
 lay and danger in making repairs can 
 be eliminated by providing plenty of 
 well diffused light in the garage. 
 
 See Plate No. 20 for detailed infor¬ 
 mation regarding the lighting of service 
 stations and commercial garages. 
 
 The illustration shows a garage in 
 Toronto Canada lighted by BEEHIVE 
 reflectors with 150-watt lamps. 
 
 Size 70' o" x 90' o" 
 
 Ceiling 15' o" 
 
 Number of reflectors 18 
 Type of reflector No. 765 
 Lamps per fixture 1-150 watt 
 Bottom of reflector to floor 13' o" 
 
 Power Plants and Pumping Stations 
 
 It is necessary in power plants, pumping stations, 
 etc., to provide illumination of good working intensity 
 and to eliminate to as great a degree as possible, shadows 
 on switch boards, gears, bearings, moving and adjustable 
 parts, etc. It is also of high importance that the plant 
 should never be left in darkness, hence an alternate or 
 emergency lighting system is sometimes installed. 
 
 The most satisfactory results are obtained with the 
 lamps and reflectors placed well overhead as shown by 
 the two cases illustrated. The whole floor area is then 
 uniformly lighted. 
 
 United Electric 
 Light & Power 
 Co. 
 
 Transformer and 
 Rotary Room 
 
 Pump Room, Curtis Publishing Co., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 Edgar V. Seeler, Architect 
 
 This room has an alternate lighting system consisting of 5-500 watt 
 EYE COMFORT fixtures which hang 42" from the ceiling. This 
 system is entirely independent of the direct lighting circuit. 
 
 Transformer and Rotary Room. United Electric 
 Light & Power Co., New York City 
 
 Size 89' o" x 26' 6" 
 
 Ceiling 31' o" 
 
 Number of fixtures 20 
 
 Type of reflector No. 765 
 
 Lamps per fixture 1-100 watt 
 
 Watts per sq. ft. .85 
 
 Bottom of reflector to floor 28' o" 
 
 Curtis Publishing Company 
 
 Pump Room 
 
 Typical bay 20' o" x 20' o" 
 Ceiling 20' o" 
 
 Number of fixtures 1 
 Type of reflector No. 765 
 Lamps per fixture 1-150 watt 
 Bottom of reflector to floor i8'o" 
 
 - 15 - 0 - 
 
 X-Pfry 
 
 td 
 
 
 PEF\i£Cror*& 
 lOO typrr Ha 
 
 s 13- 
 
 Ni 
 
 No 7&5 
 
 r*ips ] | 
 
 ■H i! 
 
 '[>T i i 
 
 Pye \*ironr 
 
 W 
 
 .'.'.v.'.'.'.'.v.'.vl 1 : 
 
 Partial Plan 
 
 United Electric Light & Power Co. 
 
P age Forty-Two 
 
 DIRECT LIGHIING 
 
 STORES AND QUOTATION BOARDS 
 
 Stores and Display Rooms 
 
 In a number of stores, conditions are 
 unfavorable to the use of the Eye Com¬ 
 fort Lighting System. The ceiling may 
 be of a dark color, or heavily beamed, or 
 broken up with skylights. 
 
 Again, there are display rooms where 
 beauty of the interior is of no conse¬ 
 quence. Hardware, Cutlery, Under¬ 
 takers’ supplies and sporting goods stores 
 are typical. So long as the goods are 
 displayed in a clear, even light, at a min¬ 
 imum current consumption, the require¬ 
 ments are satisfied. 
 
 The illustration shows the lighting 
 effect that may be gained by using 
 X-RAY direct lighting reflectors for 
 store and display room lighting. The 
 quality of illumination, intensity and 
 uniformity are all that can be desired. 
 
 The use of the ornamental fixtures 
 wherein the BEEHIVE reflectors are 
 contained, adds greatly to the appear¬ 
 ance of the installation. These fixtures 
 are made just large enough to cover the 
 X-RAY reflectors. (See Page 36.) 
 
 3ECTIQN 
 
 Showing open rug racks and position of reflectors. 
 
 plan 
 
 Rug Display Rack — “Scoop" Reflectors are 
 installed in accordance with above diagram 
 
 Display Room—National Casket Co., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Size 8o' o" x 25' o" Ceiling 12' o" 
 
 Number of fixtures 16 Lamps per fixture i-ioowatt 
 
 Type of reflector No. 765 Bottom of reflector to floor 
 Watts per sq. ft. .8 
 
 Rug and Carpet Displays 
 
 The diagram at the left 
 shows a standard lighting ar¬ 
 rangement for rug racks and 
 carpet sample displays, and 
 can be relied upon to give 
 satisfactory results. X-RAY 
 SCOOP reflectors are located 
 4' from the outer edge of the 
 pivoted arms of the rack. 
 
 Sixty watt lamps are recom¬ 
 mended. 
 
 If the rack is circular the 
 lighting units can also be 
 arranged in a concentric circle. 
 
 For cases in which the rack 
 pivots extend in a row along 
 the wall, the outlets should 
 be placed parallel to the wall. 
 
 Stock Quotation Boards 
 
 An even illumination is re¬ 
 quired over the entire surface 
 of the board, so that figures 
 and quotations may be as 
 easily seen at the bottom of 
 the board as at the top. Again 
 the intensity of illumination 
 must be provided sufficient 
 to enable the marks on the 
 board to be seen in any part 
 of the room. The question of 
 concealing the lamps is often 
 simplified by building a false 
 beam or apron behind which 
 the lighting equipment is 
 placed. X-RAY SCOOPS 
 are used with 60-watt lamps, 
 about 2' apart. 
 
 9' 6" 
 
 Stock Quotation Board Lighted by “ Scoops ” 
 New York Life Bldg., Chicago, III. 
 Mundie & Jensen, Architects 
 
DIRECT LIGHTING 
 
 Page Forty-Three 
 
 SKYLIGHT ILLUMINATION 
 
 Skylight illumination is without 
 doubt a most ideal method of lighting 
 because of its perfect diffusion and 
 softness. To be satisfactory this 
 method must employ reflectors of high¬ 
 est efficiency. These reflectors must 
 be correctly designed to spread the 
 light evenly over the glass. Skylight 
 illumination is especially adapted for 
 art galleries, schoolrooms, churches, 
 lobbies, etc. See page 14 for bank 
 illuminated partially by skylight. 
 
 Central Trust Company 
 
 Private Office 
 Size 16' o" x 18' o" 
 
 Ceiling 12' o " 
 
 Number of fixtures 9 
 
 Type of reflector No. 765 
 
 Lamps per fixture 1-150 watt 
 
 Watts per sq. ft. 4.7 
 
 Distance reflector above skylight 32" 
 
 Reflector centers 4' 5" 
 
 The room is finished in dark ma¬ 
 hogany, walls dark green, ceiling is 
 of art glass of green, amber and 
 brown patterns. Comparatively large 
 wattage per square foot is used, be¬ 
 cause of extremely dark conditions. 
 
 Plan of Skylight, showing location 
 of lighting units 
 
 Section Central Trust Co. 
 
 Private Office, Central Trust Co., of Illinois, Chicago 
 Mundie & Jensen, Architects 
 
 Hospital Operating Rooms 
 with Skylights 
 
 An excellent system of diffuse illumination 
 for hospital operating rooms is in use in the 
 Southern Pacific Hospital of San Francisco. 
 The small plan and section of the room show 
 a battery of ten X-RAY HELMET reflectors 
 suspended above a chipped glass ceiling. The 
 wattage per square foot is 3.13, which gives 
 the required intense illumination for opera¬ 
 tions. On page 16 is described the lighting 
 of operating rooms by the EYE COMFORT 
 system. 
 
 Glass 
 
 A consideration of the character of the 
 glass employed for skylights is of the highest 
 importance, because of the loss that results 
 from passing the light through this glass. 
 
 Below are given the value of watts per sq. 
 ft. for office lighting, for various kinds of 
 glass. Those low in absorption are best 
 adapted for skylights. The samples men¬ 
 tioned are selected from the stock of Leo 
 Popper & Sons. 
 
 Table 19. Watts per Sq. Ft. 
 for Skylights 
 
 Eupher Green 
 
 1.60 
 
 Alba-Illia 
 
 1.80 
 
 FI. Yellow 
 
 1.75 
 
 Illuminal , 
 
 1.65 
 
 Cathedral 300 LL 
 
 1.50 
 
 Deflex No. 1 
 
 1.50 
 
 Opalescent No. 6 
 
 1.50 
 
 Alba Sheet Glass 
 
 1.50 
 
 20 O" 
 
 /■ /OOwatt- 
 
 -* - 7 
 
 
 
 Nh j 
 
 ❖ m 
 
 $ & 
 / 
 
 "7 
 
 <o 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 Chipp 
 
 [/ 
 
 ed q/oss 
 
 Southern Pacific Hospital 
 San Francisco 
 
 Curve showing best type of light distri¬ 
 bution for skylight illumination _ | 
 
Page Forty-Four 
 
 DIRECT LIGHTING 
 
 POOL TABLES AND BOWLING ALLEYS 
 
 Bowling Alley, Town Club, Milwaukee, Wis. 
 Howard Russell, Architect 
 
 Billiard and Pool Tables 
 
 The arrangement for billiard and pool table light¬ 
 ing, as shown by the diagram to the right, indicates a 
 method for obtaining practically ideal lighting for this 
 class of service. The evenness of the illumination on 
 the table is perfect, and the expenditure for wattage 
 is low, since only four 40-watt lamps are required. 
 
 Bowling Alleys 
 
 In the lighting of bowling alleys the important re¬ 
 quirements are to supply even illumination over the 
 surface of the alley, and a strong light at the pins. It 
 is very essential also to conceal the lamps from view. 
 This scheme will eliminate alternate bright and dark 
 spots which tend to give the alley a wavy appearance 
 and are very annoying to the players. 
 
 The plan and section below shows the location of 
 lighting units for proper bowling alley illumination. 
 The dimensions given are for a standard bowling alley. 
 Eight X-RAY reflectors No. 555 with 40-watt lamps 
 should be placed 6' 6 " feet above the alley as indicated. 
 
 Billiard Tables, Quinn & Co., Chicago, III. 
 
 Reflectors installed in accordance with the diagram below. No. 555 
 X-RA Y reflectors on drop cords are used over card 
 tables in rear of room 
 
 For the lighting of the pins a SCOOP reflector No. 
 777 with 60-watt lamp located 5' 3" from the edge of 
 the pit and 3' 6 " above the alley, will give excellent 
 results. 
 
 Pit 
 
 
 -i- 
 
 * • X'dau deflectors No.dTSf) with -40 Wait JCamp \ 
 
 Lc?unwaif 
 
 S vk vk . ^ 
 
 vs- 
 
 9 • %?eflector No.777 with (BO Watt Lamp ^ 
 
 L--- i - 1 - 
 
 fo 5 -d- -*+*- JSflh -*1 
 
 PL AN 
 
SHOW WINDOW LIGHTING 
 
 Page Forty-Five 
 
 Table of Contents 
 
 Page 
 
 INDIRECT LIGHTING (See Index-Page 5).1-32 
 
 DIRECT LIGHTING (See Index-Page 33).33-44 
 
 SHOW AND WALL CASE LIGHTING. 50 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS DATA. 51 
 
 Show Window Lighting Index 
 
 General.■. 47 
 
 Classification of Show Windows 
 
 Class A. 47 
 
 Class B. 47 
 
 Class C. 47 
 
 Class D.. 47 
 
 Class E. 48 
 
 Classification of Reflectors (Table 20). 48 
 
 Window Valances. 48 
 
 Illumination Calculations 
 
 Selection of Reflectors. 48 
 
 Spacing of Reflectors. 49 
 
Jas.iA- CrQQry &Co. 
 
 N 
 
 ewljork Ciivj 
 
 P \l \v$ 
 
 S-tarrett &■ VanVleck 
 
 ArcViUe-ats 
 
 Miller Rhoades CrSwarh 
 
 Xo r fol k/ ,Va. 
 B.F/Ai^chell 
 Arch ©c^ 
 
 Gtas.A.Stavons 6 Bros. 
 
 Ch i c ex io 
 
 D.H.DurnUam £~Co. 
 
 A vcVi e c 
 
SHOW WINDOW LIGHTING 
 
 Page Forty-Seven 
 
 EQUIPMENT 
 
 (.See Plate Nos. 16, 17, 18, 19) 
 
 Keen competition demands the 
 use of efficient equipment. No mer¬ 
 cantile establishment could exist, if 
 the same ratio of waste, found to 
 exist in the obsolete methods of 
 show window illumination em¬ 
 ployed, were permitted in all de¬ 
 partments. 
 
 Cross section of Class-A window showing 
 distribution of light from Scoop 
 with 60-watt lamp 
 
 X-RAY window reflectors are 
 designed with these fundamental 
 features as a basis. They hide the 
 lamp, and direct the maximum 
 light onto the goods. No light is 
 wasted on the ceiling of the win¬ 
 dow or sidewalk. 
 
 The X-Ray line covers the field of 
 show window lighting completely. 
 Each individual reflector is per¬ 
 fectly suited to a certain class of 
 windows. Hence it is vitally impor¬ 
 tant that the proper reflectors 
 always be used. 
 
 Scoop installed in win¬ 
 dow showing electri¬ 
 cal fittings 
 
 The window 
 display should be 
 brightly illumi¬ 
 nated. 
 
 The show win¬ 
 dow in reality is 
 a stage setting; 
 hence the method 
 of illuminating it 
 should be similar 
 to the methods 
 employed in stage 
 lighting—a bril¬ 
 liant light direc¬ 
 ted from c 0 n - 
 cealed sources. 
 
 Visor installed in win¬ 
 dow showing electri¬ 
 cal fittings 
 
 Classification of Show 
 Windows 
 
 CL A SS A—Height equal 
 to depth 
 
 High trim on back¬ 
 ground. Average di¬ 
 mensions: height 9', 
 depth 9', height of 
 trim 9'. 
 
 Windows of this 
 class are usually trim¬ 
 med up high on the 
 background. The 
 Scoop (No. 777) re¬ 
 flector, with 60-watt 
 unskirted base tung¬ 
 sten lamp is designed 
 for this class. 
 
 Cross section of Class-B 'window showing distribution of light from 
 Visor with 100 -watt lamp 
 
 CLASS B—Height i| times depth 
 
 (1) Medium trim on the 
 background. Average dimen¬ 
 sions: height 1 o', depth 6', 
 height of trim 7'. 
 
 (2) High trim on the back¬ 
 ground. Average dimensions: 
 height 10', depth 6', height of 
 trim 9'. 
 
 Helmet installed in window 
 showing electrical fittings 
 
 Windows of this 
 class are trimmed me¬ 
 dium and high. The 
 Visor (No. 780) re¬ 
 flector with 100-watt 
 tungsten lamp is de¬ 
 signed for medium 
 trim, whereas, the 
 Hood and Scoop re¬ 
 flectors alternated, 
 are best suited to the 
 high trim. 
 
 CLASS C — Height2 times 
 depth 
 
 Medium trim on 
 background. Average 
 dimensions: height 
 12', depth 6', height 
 of trim f'. 
 
 Cross section of Class-C window showing distribution of light from 
 Helmet with 100-watt lamp 
 
 Windows of this class are 
 usually trimmed to a me¬ 
 dium height and are quite 
 shallow. The Helmet (No. 
 755) reflector with 100-watt 
 tungsten lamp is designed 
 for this class. 
 
 CLASS D — Height equal to depth. 
 
 High trim on background. Average dimensions: 
 height 5', depth 6', height of trim 5'. 
 
 Windows of this class are found chiefly where the show 
 windows are divided into two tiers, and in shops with 
 
 low headroom situat¬ 
 ed on the ground floor. 
 The Poke Bonnet No. 
 750 reflectorwith 2-60 
 ' watt unskirted base 
 tungsten lamps, is de¬ 
 signed particularly for 
 this class of windows. 
 It is small and takes 
 up little headroom. 
 
 Cross section of Class-D window showing distribution of light from 
 Poke Bonnet with two 40 -watt lamps 
 
Page Forty-Eight 
 
 SHOW WINDOW LIGHTING 
 
 PLANNING THE LIGHTING EQUIPMENT 
 
 (See Plate No. 19) 
 
 CLASS E—Height 2 Times Depth 
 Low trim on background. 
 Average dimensions: height 5', 
 depth 2' 6 ", height of trim 2'. 
 
 Windows of this class are 
 found largely in jewelry stores, 
 cigar stores and shoe stores. 
 The line of trim is low and fre¬ 
 quently nearly flat. The Hood 
 (No. 730) reflector with a 60- 
 watt unskirted base lamp is de¬ 
 signed for this class. The reflec¬ 
 tor hides the bright lamp filament from the observers 
 on the street and in the store. This is a very desirable 
 feature as many Class E-Windows are open, or glass 
 above the solid background, (See Plate No. 19). 
 
 Hood installed in window 
 showing electrical fittings 
 
 The height of the window is always measured from the 
 floor to the ceiling ; the depth from the glass front to the 
 background ; the trim from the floor up. 
 
 The accompanying diagram used in connection with 
 Table 20, enables anyone easily to lay out an X-RAY 
 window lighting installation. It shows the space occu¬ 
 pied by the various reflectors at the top of the window. 
 
 The dimension “C” is such 
 that there is ample space al¬ 
 lowed for washing the win¬ 
 dow with the reflectors in 
 place. 
 
 Cross section of Class—E Diagram for use with Table 20 
 
 window showing distribution 
 of light from . Hood with 60- 
 watt lamp. 
 
 Copyrighted 1914 — C. L.F. Co. 
 
 Window Valances 
 
 In order to conceal show window reflectors from the 
 view of the observer on the street, window valances 
 are used a great deal. In addition to performing the 
 above function, they add a touch of refinement and 
 exclusiveness to a show window, greatly increasing the 
 attractiveness of the window. 
 
 Many attractive designs are now being manufac¬ 
 tured, of which the one shown is typical. 
 
 Selection of Reflector 
 
 Chart No. 3 simplifies the selection of the correct 
 reflector for any type of window. To begin with, knowl¬ 
 edge of three things is necessary: Height, Depth of 
 Window, and Height of Trim at Background. 
 
 Suppose, for example, the show window is io' high, 6' 
 deep and the trim or background to be lighted is 6' high. 
 
 First, find the height of the window (10') on the 
 left-hand vertical scale. This point is indicated at “A.” 
 
 Second, locate depth of window (6') on lower hori¬ 
 zontal scale. This point is indicated at “B.” 
 
 Third, move straight up from here to a point cor¬ 
 responding to the highest point to which the window is 
 trimmed (in this case 6'). This point is indicated at “C.” 
 
 Now note the diagonal line that most nearly passes 
 through the two points, “A” and “C” (in this case it 
 is a heavy dark line). By referring to the key below we 
 find the reflector designated by the heavy dark line 
 ( ) is the VISOR, which is the correct 
 
 reflector for this window. In the above example, if the 
 window were 12' high, the chart calls for a HELMET 
 reflector. This chart is based on the use of the lamp for 
 which each reflector is designed. 
 
 Where it is necessary to place reflectors on the tran¬ 
 som bar, they may be selected by using the distance from 
 the floor of the window to the bar as the height of 
 ceiling. 
 
 Table 20. Show Window Reflectors 
 
 REFLECTOR LAMP 
 
 Dimensions—Inches 
 
 No. A B C D E Width Position of Holder** 
 
 Lamp 
 
 Watts No. Bulb 
 
 Base 
 
 Scoop. 6f 5 2$ 5^ 9 Vertical 2^-0 
 
 Visor. 9 A io| 6 3§ f\ 9£ Vertical 3^-A 
 
 Helmet. 10 nf 7} 4/V 7 yV 12 Vertical 3I-A 
 
 Poke Bonnet*. . 5-7 2\ 5 14 Horizontal Special 
 
 Hood. 5 l 9! 5 A 3 A 5 if 9 Vertical 2|-0 
 
 60 S-21 Unskirted 
 
 100 S-30 Skirted 
 
 100 S-30 Skirted 
 
 2-60 S-21 Unskirted 
 
 60 S-21 Unskirted 
 
 *Reflector supplied with special holder and twin socket. 
 **See Direct Lighting, Page 37 
 
SHOW WINDOW LIGHTING 
 
 Page Forty-Nine 
 
 PLANNING THE LIGHTING EQUIPMENT 
 
 ( Continued) 
 
 Spacing of Reflectors 
 
 In Table 21 is tabulated the reflector spacings recom¬ 
 mended for: 
 
 (1) Average Illumination Intensity. 
 
 (2) Bright Illumination Intensity. 
 
 (3) Very Bright Illumination Intensity. 
 
 The table is complete for all classes of windows pre¬ 
 viously mentioned. 
 
 It is found by experience that the brightness of illumi¬ 
 nation required in the window varies greatly with the 
 locality. Thus, in many small towns, the street illumina¬ 
 tion is not of high intensity, and hence the spacings 
 recommended under classification (1) “Average Illumina¬ 
 tion intensity,” usually make the windows sufficiently 
 bright to make them stand out by contrast with their 
 surroundings. In the average size city, a somewhat 
 higher intensity of illumination is required to produce 
 the desired effect of making the window brighter than 
 any of its surroundings, and hence the spacings recom¬ 
 mended under classification (2), “Bright Illumination 
 Intensity” are required. In the very large cities, a still 
 higher intensity of illumination is required to obtain 
 the same effect, necessitating reflector spacings as given 
 under (3), “Very Bright Illumination Intensity.” 
 
 Chart No. 3 
 
 Table 21. Reflector Spacings 
 
 Reflector 
 
 
 Distance 
 Between 
 Centers 
 in Inches 
 
 Lamp 
 
 Type Watts 
 
 Class 
 
 of 
 
 Win¬ 
 
 dow 
 
 Average Illumination Intensity 
 
 
 
 
 Scoop 
 
 (No. 777) 
 
 28 
 
 Tungsten 
 
 60 
 
 A 
 
 Visor 
 
 (No. 780) 
 
 36 
 
 Tungsten 
 
 100 
 
 B 
 
 Helmet 
 
 (No. 755) 
 
 48 
 
 Tungsten 
 
 100 
 
 C 
 
 Poke Bonnet 
 
 (No. 750) 
 
 48 
 
 Tungsten 
 
 2-60 
 
 D 
 
 Hood 
 
 (No. 730) 
 
 28 
 
 Tungsten 
 
 60 
 
 E 
 
 Bright Illumination Intensity 
 
 
 
 
 Scoop 
 
 (No. 777) 
 
 18 
 
 Tungsten 
 
 60 
 
 A 
 
 Visor 
 
 (No. 780) 
 
 24 
 
 Tungsten 
 
 100 
 
 B 
 
 Helmet 
 
 (No. 755 ) 
 
 36 
 
 Tungsten 
 
 100 
 
 C 
 
 Poke Bonnet 
 
 (No. 750) 
 
 36 
 
 Tungsten 
 
 2-60 
 
 D 
 
 Hood 
 
 (No. 730) 
 
 18 
 
 Tungsten 
 
 60 
 
 E 
 
 Very Bright 
 
 Illumination Intensity 
 
 
 
 Scoop 
 
 (No. 777) 
 
 IO 
 
 Tungsten 
 
 60 
 
 A 
 
 Visor 
 
 (No. 780) 
 
 12 
 
 Tungsten 
 
 100 
 
 B 
 
 Helmet 
 
 (No. 755) 
 
 18 
 
 Tungsten 
 
 100 
 
 C 
 
 Poke Bonnet 
 
 (No. 750) 
 
 24 
 
 Tungsten 
 
 2-60 
 
 D 
 
 Hood 
 
 (No. 730) 
 
 IO 
 
 Tungsten 
 
 60 
 
 E 
 
 NOTE. For Scoop-Hood combination use spacing recommended 
 for either reflector. 
 
 In determining the reflector spacings best suited to 
 the given conditions, one cannot be guided entirely by 
 the size of the town, since many small cities compare 
 very favorably with the larger cities insofar as bright¬ 
 ness of street and window illumination is concerned, 
 whereas many windows on streets in the outskirts of 
 very large cities require no brighter illumination than 
 those of a small city. The number and spacing of re¬ 
 flectors in a window resolves itself down to a case of 
 using good judgment, but experience has shown Table 
 21 to be very useful as a guide. 
 
 Example 
 
 It is required to illuminate a show window, located 
 in the downtown district of a city of 120,000 population, 
 of the following dimensions: 
 
 Height 12', depth 5', trim 6', length 10'. 
 
 Goods displayed both light and dark. 
 
 Background dark oak; solid to top of trim; glass 
 from there up to ceiling. 
 
 Referring to Chart No. 3, we find that a light un¬ 
 broken line most nearly passes through the two points 
 corresponding to the window under consideration. Hence 
 the reflector required is the Helmet, with a 100-watt 
 tungsten lamp. 
 
 Since this window is located in the downtown dis¬ 
 trict of a large city and both light and dark goods are 
 displayed, it will be best to use the reflector spacing 
 recommended under (3), “Very Bright Illumination 
 Intensity.” (Table 21). 
 
 The length of the window (io') divided by the recom¬ 
 mended spacing, (18”) equals 6^3. The use of 6 Helmet 
 reflectors evenly spaced, on 2o"centers, will be entirely 
 satisfactory for this window. 
 
Page Fifty 
 
 SHOW AND WALL CASE LIGHTING 
 
 STORES AND DISPLAY ROOMS 
 
 The Midget No. 510 
 
 Installation Data 
 
 Number of cases 6 Height 2' 10" 
 
 Depth 1' 6" Length 5' o" 
 
 Reflectors Midget Spacing 12" on centers 
 
 Lamps 25-watt tubular Total number of re¬ 
 tungsten Sectors installed 30 
 
 
 Sid* View 
 
 THE MIDGET N° S/0. 
 
 Show and wall case lighting is one of the most difficult problems to 
 solve. The cases are usually comparatively high and very shallow. Very 
 little room is alloted to the lighting equipment, which therefore must 
 necessarily be small and compact. 
 
 The X-RAY Midget reflector is designed particularly for this class of 
 service. It can be installed in connection with approved conduit work, and 
 requires no special fittings. It is designed for use with a 25-watt tubu¬ 
 lar tungsten lamp. 
 
 The space required for its installation is very small as indicated in the 
 accompanying sketches. The light distribution is correct, and the efficiency 
 high. Its great advantage over the straight line filament lamp, lies in the 
 fact that it uses a no volt multiple lamp, whereas the latter uses a 30 
 volt series lamp, with the consequent trouble of four lamps being extin¬ 
 guished when one burns out. 
 
 Barrett Mfg. Company 
 
 The illustration of the Barrett Mfg. Co.s’ display room for building 
 materials, presents an interesting problem in lighting. The principle 
 of lighting from concealed sources has been fully carried out. The in¬ 
 direct fixtures supply adequate illumination to all portions of the display, 
 except the material in the deep wall cases, where additional local illu¬ 
 mination is required. This is furnished by Midget reflectors with 25-watt 
 tungsten lamps installed as shown in the accompanying drawings. 
 
 Barrett Mfg. Co., Boston, Mass. 
 
 Installation made by Pettingel-Andrews Co. 
 
Page Fifty-One 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS DATA 
 
 Table 22. Average Horizontal Illumination on 
 Working Plane for given Wattage 
 with Indirect Lighting 
 
 Class A and B Installations- 
 
 Watts per 
 sq. ft. 
 
 -Efficiency of Utilization .30 
 
 Foot 
 
 Candles 
 
 •25 
 •50 
 •75 
 1.00 
 1 25 
 
 1.50 
 
 1- 75 
 2.00 
 2.25 
 
 2.50 
 
 2- 75 
 
 3- oo 
 
 • 7 
 i-5 
 2.2 
 
 2.9 
 
 3- 7 
 
 4- 4 
 
 5- i 
 
 5-9 
 
 6 .6 
 
 7-3 
 
 8.0 
 
 8.8 
 
 Table 23. Average Horizontal Illumination on 
 Working Plane for given Wattage 
 with Direct Lighting 
 
 General Illumination—Efficiency of Utilization .55 
 
 Watts per Foot 
 
 sq. ft. Candles 
 
 •25 
 •50 
 •75 
 1.00 
 
 1 25 
 
 1.50 
 
 1- 75 
 2.00 
 2.25 
 
 2.50 
 
 2- 75 
 3.00 
 
 i-3 
 
 2.7 
 4.0 
 
 5-4 
 
 6.7 
 8.1 
 
 9-4 
 
 10.8 
 
 12.1 
 13-5 
 
 14.8 
 
 16.2 
 
 Class C Installations—Efficiency of Utilization .26 These values are calculated on the basis of a light 
 
 Watts per Foot production efficiency of 1 watt per horizontal candle 
 
 sq. ft. Candles power. 
 
 ' 2 5. 6 The efficiency of utilization is the total quan- 
 
 '5°. 1 -3 tity of light flux effective in illuminating the work- 
 
 ' 75<. 1-9 ing plane, expressed as a per cent of the total light 
 
 1 ' 00 . 2-5 flux delivered by the lamps. 
 
 1-25 . 3-1 
 
 I ■ 5°. 3-8 The working plane for these tables is taken as a 
 
 1 - 75 . 4-4 horizontal plane 30 " above the floor. 
 
 2.00. 5.0 
 
 2.25 . 5-6 A foot-candle is the illumination received by a 
 
 2.50 . 6.3 surface one foot distant from a light source of one 
 
 2- 75. 6.9 candle power. It is a measure of the intensity of 
 
 3 • OO. 7-5 illumination received by an object. 
 
 Record Sheet of Illumination Computations 
 
 Building. Location. 
 
 Room 
 or Bay 
 
 Ceiling 
 
 Height 
 
 Size 
 
 Area 
 Sq. Ft. 
 
 Watts 
 
 Per 
 
 Sq. Ft. 
 
 Total 
 
 Watts 
 
 No. of 
 Fixt. 
 
 Lamps 
 
 Reflector 
 
 Per 
 
 Fixt. 
 
 Size 
 
 Watts 
 
 Type 
 
 No. 
 
 *Length 
 of Susp. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 / 
 
 
 *The length of suspension for indirect lighting is the distance from the top of the reflector to the ceiling; 
 for direct lighting, from the bottom of the reflector to the ceiling. 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 0-4 100WiiUQeai'Wb[^ajdfllQrnps x Q 
 
 ! I 
 
 (TlLILlCf PjLAM. 
 
 Plan oj boLol'Dlootoing. 
 
 A. £-^OOXiaayrye^mfort^ledorb. 
 
 1 l 
 1 1 
 
 ^4 TOO Watt |_amjps- 
 
 I 1 
 
 1 > 
 
 -G 
 
 
 Size: of DanKinq Poom, 38Ux 104'0. 
 Area. 5952 Souare feet. 
 
 (eitinq Height 22- 6 
 Slumber of fixtures? 16 
 Lamps? Per TTxt ure 4-100 Wat t, 
 
 X-Pau tye (bmfort T2eflectors T.-Z00 
 Top oj Deflectors tofpiltnq 7 L 0 " 
 
 Watt's Per Souarelrrot -1.60, 
 Aueragefbot (Studies 4-50. 
 
 Scale of Details? V- 1-0". 
 
 Scale of Plan ^"=1-0." 
 
 
 DiimSm^sr-ia 
 
 MOGC'BUILDI/IG 
 
 SotitWotioti 
 
 t 
 
 GltoBALLArm 
 
 Aechitects. 
 
 3 rcTio/i:EAflmtoA / 
 
 CxAtr-p i : 0'. 
 
 / 
 i 
 
 \y 
 
 \ i 
 
 wiait 
 
 Plate No Z 
 
 LL. 
 
Draft 
 
 D 
 
 J.v 
 
 *ns 
 
 Cfit €pc Comfort Xigijtiita Astern Fd Drafting tons 
 
 ♦j*— io'3 —»f—/<?< 
 
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 -fe- 
 
 4- 
 
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 27 
 
 
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 * 
 
 23 
 
 & 
 
 ZS 
 
 & 
 
 22 
 
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 3 FIXTURE AIO-23I-H 
 
 I 
 
 &OYVL. JLOWJETREID SHOW/Ntf 
 £/7s5£T Or Cl~EAN!N^ 
 
 
 
 ROBERTS tS SCHAEFER CO- 
 M c CORMICK B'LD'q* CHICAGO ILL-, 
 HOLABIRD & ROCHE 
 
 
 PLAN 
 
 SCALE£"• /'-0“ 
 
 Installation Data 
 
 Size or room -43-6 *63-6> 
 
 Ceilinq hei qnr /0~6> 
 
 C/pea or room 236>6> ^ 
 
 X-TZatKye Comfort Peflector No E-Z50 
 Tor or reflector ro CE/UNq. Z L 3 
 Number or outlets ZS 
 
 Watts per so rr Z SO 
 
 Zh/EPAqE Zbor Candles 7>0O 
 
 Mazda lamps pep fixture : 
 
 Outlets no. S, &, 7,3. IS, 17, 21,26>, 
 Z7. & 23 - /• 150 WATT. EACH 
 Outlets no. /, Z, 3,4, 9,10,1112. 
 
 13./4,/6, !Q, 19,20.2Z .23.24, 2 23. - 
 1-230 WATT EACH 
 230 WATT LAMPS ARE USED 
 
 WHERE FINE DETAIL WORK IS ROHE 
 ISO WATT LAMPS IVHEPE A LESSER IN¬ 
 TENSITY or- illumination is -required 
 
 The National XT ay Reflectob ©■ Chicago-III 
 
 Plate No* 3 
 

PI; 
 
 Hotels a 
 
 4 
 
 s 
 
PI 
 
 Hotels 
 
 . 5 
 
 Hs 
 
 
 HmATlCM: 
 
 IUi 
 
 Part Or WrnT- f i rv ATim Or Dim \nG-Ooon 
 
 -T -[OcALE^tQr-1 
 
 
 Loud XVFDiamg ftm-^GPDohartL 
 
 Chicago- III. 
 
 AalghallA Tdx-Abghitegtg. 
 
 GPLLi 
 
 ( CAP 
 
 %50 Wa\\ JLar 
 
 
 i ir^ 
 
 1 9 'P" 
 
 9 l f>' 
 
 Size C?r Boom 38'-0">O5 i 0'! 
 C&iUng Height Z0'~0'1 
 A>rea Or "Boom 3610 5qjvFt. 
 
 XPay Pye(omjbrt PefledorE255 
 Top of Pef lector to fetlirtq 12 : 6" 
 Auinber of Outlets 0 
 Avazda lamps Phr P?destal-4-Z50 
 Watt .Clear bulb. 
 
 Watts Per SqyXt- 170 
 hoot Candles -4.2.5. 
 
 AypPLAn -Or- Din img-Eooa 
 ocaltA fo: 
 
 - i --A— 
 
 n ■ 4 '/* 5 D Walt Lamps 
 
 '£^- 2 toWall lattips. 
 
 Plate No 5 
 
PI 6 
 
 Hire s 
 
 r 
 
 in 
 
 o 
 
 CT> 
 
 YTZZtwji: 
 
 v—} Zy 0 \y\ 
 
 op ^ c^y 
 
 K 3 4 s|S^| 
 
 CH 50 t s. g. '■'i ’ 0 
 
 / (7 r 
 
 
 ^ ] 
 
 
 
 j “ -it-.-™ ... ^r-H 
 
 jj _, 
 
 
 
 ^ j__ T OjChain f ^ 
 
Plate No-7 
 
 PI; 
 
 ■sai±V3HL~ aoj~ m j i.5<u^b untibv^pojm o^jaq) j 43 
 
] 
 
 o. 8 
 ^res 
 
 p 
 
 8-150 Uta/f Clear bu’b Mazda Lamps. 
 
 _ (, 0Ida tt C/ear bulb 
 
 j-\ Mozchlampto IHu/mnale Gloss lime/s /// bou>l. 
 
 'DoWL-HyCC oAfOPT HXTURE. 
 
 Maim Floor Data 
 
 Bays ZZ : C* ZZ C- fiTfpical. 
 frea of Days 506 Cqjfit. 
 
 Cedmp/oetpfil ZO-6% 
 
 Humber of fixtures 1 
 
 YZRay fiye Comfort fief lector 7ype fit-1'55. 
 
 Top of fief lector to Ce/finp 4Z'. 
 
 Lamps per fixture - QT50 UfittClearfiutb/tazah 
 Wathper Cxp.fit. Z.5Q 
 A verape foot Caudles 7 
 
 I_ filaor , 
 
 HmATKM: 
 
 LL. 
 
 Comfort 
 
 Tflijt 
 
 77 - V~ 
 
 OCALE (EiLIAIG DETAIL 
 
 & Ham oe(olum\m. 
 
 §>pstrm Hd Stores 
 
 . sDcale{Lamot(eilimg-16 Typical Cays, : 
 
 Dctailo Of Typical (olummc & (Lilimg On Mm Hoop. 
 The Lyttom Dldg.(hicagoOllimois. 
 
 _ fJupJjue.. _ 
 
 Aarshall&Fox Architects 
 
 f lctpr lx : 
 
 \i{l»j2iH Z- jj 
 
 1 4 
 
 
 /iaroelitc Gbso* 
 
 Sectiom-Th ro'.Lumimous 
 
 zfM. Flevatiom 
 'orCoLu/in &Dzc- 
 tio/i THRb.CEium 
 
 E 
 
 Plate Ao8 
 

^fieCprComfortiriqfttitTq^pjsittm Tbg toiDcncEG 
 
 « DctailIa I>reRm Looking I/to Living Rocn 
 
 ^caleM'O. 
 
 -( 
 
 Curtis Ratable Adapter WIQCO. 
 
 A -X'RAYTyE(CA rORT-BErLCCTOE A Q C-£55. 
 
 ’ B ■ Feelector Holder & Supports . ✓ 
 
 . C v White- Dixfoe touKTiAG Lights Art Shade 
 D 10VATT lfe)5TEDAA7m.LAMP5 Givi/iG Additional Illu/ai 
 nmionlo Shade lr Desired. 
 
 "E"-Pull Switch (oytrollimg Lamps T3 
 
 T“ " •• " " "g: 
 
 GT50Watt(Lear DulbAazqa Lamp TorI flDiRECTTu-UAUAATicfi ^ - 
 X Dorm Or Disc Punched 3 "Iron Pipe Size <£ Easte/ied By A Ibckaut 
 
 .iviM gIRdo/m Data 
 (Size 1S'0''x£0-o" 
 
 Area - 300 Sqf.FL. 
 
 (tiuMG Height 10-0" 
 
 LF OrFberABLEs-lfuDORglT able. 
 X'Ray E.Ye(QA\roRT Reelector. 
 Type D255". 
 
 TOPOrRcrLECTOETo(tlLlM&(5EELLmEQrj) 
 Lamps Per Rstable 1 KO VathTeaeLiuid^im 
 Watts PerBoTt, LLtoTAtiEtoAaiLuRfM 
 Average Toot Cjsdleb - 3- Z5I 
 H°~ With Eoth Pcktables Ample 
 Illumiaatioa! With M 50 Watt LampIach. 
 
 - GjRTrisTbRTAELEBooKLETGlVES &APLETE 
 DETA!l-'5. 
 
 Plate Alo 9 • 
 
111 . 
 
 drijc€pcConifortXid)tinai)p^trm log-L ibraries. 
 
 fixtures of Solid Bronte. 
 
 'The bottom portion of the. 
 fixture. Supports 2-E-60 def¬ 
 lectors (ontainmg -40 Walt Cleat- 
 bulb/'Aaxda fpmp& to Illuminate- 
 the bottom of the 1 arcjer botot, 
 directly about . 
 
 40 * Watt Clear bulb/"\az.dQ lam 
 
 r-60 deflector. 
 
 Size Or Poom-47'MOO’ 
 £)rca •• 4700 ' 
 
 14° Or fix lures 11 
 X-Ray tye Comjorl Rejteclo? 
 Type -E.-Z.OO. J 
 O Pejleclor to£iling- 8 : 0 ' 
 lamps per fixture fe-lOOWaU. 
 Vails Per •Sqj’.Th -140 
 0rerageTool(3ncUes 0 . 74 . 
 
 (fixtures furnished by lloe 
 
 -\PelLngell PjndreiosCo. of 
 IDoslon /*\ass 
 
 —— / V- 
 
 7 ^. 
 
 6- 100\v&t\ Lamp] 
 
 loo Walt 
 
 ■Reflector 
 
 Plate No 10- 
 
flfhc Qrpc Comfort Xiqhlitrq ^>p^lenrl5p Hospitals 
 
 "Pfiinfnrced^rpip.n^or . , _ , _—1 - 
 
 •':'-■ • <•- • • • j ■ v r w. Ad-W-W. 1 - A ... o 
 
 /. •■» »...•.♦• <v ..'-i ■■■■ »■•: -‘ •; *■•. -"■ .-•’•V, .\ •. ♦ j-—‘ i . 
 
 ‘ f. •' •, v » ■ • ' a : - J ■■a a ° • • ■< • . • 
 
 
 1 
 
 1r - f- 
 
 
 
 L 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 1» e 
 
 
 
 tons pended. felling 
 
 Size - Operating tom -Surcical Wing Bldg. ZO *£4 ! . 
 Area 480 Saiare Teel. 
 
 ©ling height 13teet. 
 
 /lumber of fixtures.-!?,. 
 X-Ray-Eye(5mforl-BefledoD -E- ZOO. 
 
 Top of fef lectors to(eiluig-5''0" 
 
 Lamps Per fixture -6-l50Wdtt. 
 
 Watts Per Souarefoot 3.75 
 
 Average Toot (gndles 10 
 
 Total 8 Operating Pooms tpuipped. 
 
 With Indirect Illumination, 
 fixtures finished in lohite rtiamel 
 
 ■Plate No 11 - 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
■Plate Mo-12- THE NATIONAL X'&AY 2.EFLECTOB. O CHICAGO-ILL- 
 
 PI 
 
 No. 12 
 
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 C^n\^*Y’ L-ivn° nlVnorn , 
 
e N . 13 
 
 Cornices 
 
Plate No-14- THE NATIONAL X'^AY BeELECTOL < 0; CHICAGO-ILL 
 
 ! ] te h 14 
 
 Luminous icqpt. 
 
 tjr a ‘§ -11 ® ~ 
 
 fg-’sS.s.S 
 B-lisS £13 
 
 3g=-r 
 
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 8 § ^*3"g dp 2 
 
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 $ p.^-§6 0 
 
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 £>g^£ §25 
 
 ppooo Od 
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 ro 
 
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 ■ • ' SIS 
 
Interior Eqpt 
 
 fbe (f pc Comfort Xtqbfttrq &pstenr INTERIORS 
 
 MULTI UNIT INTERIORS 
 DEEP BOWL TYPE. 
 
 b« uS«d of cjnftr 
 
 perforated top cop 
 
 i_ L BoHom Co 
 
 I n.pple-'' 
 Stem of switch 
 
 The general dimensions given on this 
 sheet are intended primarily to indicate 
 the minimum inside diameter and depth 
 of fixtures in which these interiors are 
 to be used. These interiors hove been 
 designed so as to keep the diameter a 
 minimum , bent nipples being used on the Z, 
 3 and4 light E-60 and the Zand 3 light 
 E-/55 interiors to accomplish this . 
 
 'T'Indicates that one socket mac/ be used at center of 
 body in connection with perforated top cap 
 / For E-iOO reflector D = 7,i " for E-ZOO D -- 7| 
 fEor E£50reflector D=9g \ for E255 D = 9g . 
 
 MULTI-UNIT INTERIORS 
 SHALLOW-BOWL TYPE. 
 
 Regular bottom cop 
 
 Skill cap for poll 
 
 Switch rsicKanism, 
 
 SINGLE UNIT INTERIORS. 
 
 The dimension M indicates 
 the minimum inside 
 diameter of the fixture 
 in which the unit is to 
 be used. It is the overall 
 length of the horizontal 
 E /55 unit. 
 
 --C v '5h«.ll cop {or pull 
 "TTf* Switch mechanism 
 
 Cotoioq 
 
 No 
 
 Eauipment 
 
 Dimensions 
 
 Reflectors - 
 
 Lamps 
 
 A 
 
 B 
 
 c 
 
 D 
 
 7000 
 
 2 light,E-40ref! 40w/amp 
 
 6 s 8 
 
 3 3 e 
 
 34 
 
 5b 
 
 1001 
 
 g 11 91 JJ 
 
 ii >» ’ 
 
 7'e 
 
 3 7 a 
 
 1 1 
 
 9 1 
 
 7 002 
 
 ^ *9 ” U 
 
 11 31 
 
 8 
 
 4b 
 
 1 1 
 
 f 3 
 
 1003 
 
 5 " ” ” 
 
 31 11 
 
 9'8 
 
 5 7 a 
 
 f y 
 
 » 9 
 
 7 004 
 
 6 ” » ” 
 
 31 11 t* 
 
 10 
 
 6b 
 
 1 y 
 
 13 
 
 7005 
 
 y 9 1 yy it 
 
 11 ii ci' : 
 
 II 
 
 7b 
 
 ii 
 
 * 3 
 
 7006 
 
 Q >1 >* >> 
 
 *> 9) dm- 
 
 12'8 
 
 8 7 a 
 
 3* 
 
 >9 
 
 1001 
 
 g yy yy if 
 
 3) y> 
 
 Id's 
 
 9 7 e 
 
 31 
 
 >1 
 
 7008 
 
 10 ” ,J w 
 
 yy ii 
 
 14'8 
 
 I0 7 a 
 
 11 
 
 33 
 
 7 0/9 
 
 2 It E 100or£200ref! !00w 
 
 9 6 8 
 
 4 7 e 
 
 4 b 
 
 t 
 
 1080 
 
 ^ *i f) yy v 
 
 ii 11 
 
 10% 
 
 5*8 
 
 If 
 
 t 
 
 102t 
 
 4 » » n » 
 
 31 11 
 
 IIb 
 
 7 
 
 31 
 
 t 
 
 1022 
 
 5 if ii » ff 
 
 3> 11 
 
 /S'8 
 
 8b 
 
 •1 
 
 t 
 
 1023 
 
 g i> if f) *1 
 
 11 11 
 
 14*8 
 
 9 7 a 
 
 >1 
 
 A 
 
 1024 
 
 y a if yy n 
 
 ii ii :i'. 
 
 16'8 
 
 / lb 
 
 11 
 
 t 
 
 1025 
 
 Q » >> >> >> 
 
 13 a dm'- 
 
 17*8 
 
 I2 7 e 
 
 » 
 
 t 
 
 1026 
 
 2 hah t - E200£ ref/150 w lamp 
 
 9% 
 
 4 7 a 
 
 33 
 
 8*8 
 
 7027 
 
 3 ” 
 
 3) 33 
 
 /0 3 e 
 
 5*8 
 
 33 
 
 *3 
 
 1028 
 
 ^ »* *3 
 
 H 31 
 
 lib 
 
 7 
 
 33 
 
 if 
 
 1029 
 
 g >1 H V 
 
 11 13 
 
 13'8 
 
 8 3 e 
 
 *1 
 
 y> 
 
 1030 
 
 g if a 31 
 
 13 >3 -'m' : 
 
 14*8 
 
 9 7 e 
 
 3 9 
 
 >> 
 
 103/ 
 
 7 33 31 13 
 
 11 3 3 
 
 16'8 
 
 / / 3 8 
 
 11 
 
 yy 
 
 7032 
 
 Q ” >) » 
 
 31 33 
 
 17*8 
 
 I2 7 e 
 
 11 
 
 93 
 
 7034 
 
 3 light, E-150 reft 
 
 / 50 wlamp 
 
 13 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 84 
 
 1035 
 
 ^ 13 33 if 
 
 33 31 
 
 14 b 
 
 8b 
 
 39 
 
 yy 
 
 7 036 
 
 5 ” ” ” 
 
 33 ft 
 
 16'2 
 
 101 
 
 99 
 
 yy 
 
 7037 
 
 g S3 *3 33 
 
 ft 33 
 
 18 4 
 
 124 
 
 31 
 
 •3 
 
 7038 
 
 y >3 33 n 
 
 11 n 
 
 20'4 
 
 t44 
 
 93 
 
 93 
 
 7 039 
 
 Q *3 33 if 
 
 ii a 
 
 22'8 
 
 16'8 
 
 19 
 
 33 
 
 7 040 
 
 g 33 33 3} 
 
 13 31 ;m' : 
 
 241 
 
 181 
 
 9J 
 
 33 
 
 7 04 / 
 
 10 ” ” 
 
 33 11 
 
 264 
 
 20 '4 
 
 9 y 
 
 *y 
 
 1045 
 
 3 It E250or £255ref! 25 Ow 
 
 15 
 
 8'8 
 
 6 7 a 
 
 t 
 
 7046 
 
 p ” >> » n 
 
 13 If 
 
 16b 
 
 9 7 a 
 
 3 9 
 
 1 
 
 1041 
 
 g 33 33 33 33 
 
 33 33 
 
 I8 7 b 
 
 12 
 
 3 9 
 
 t 
 
 1048 
 
 g 13 31 33 *3 
 
 V 33 
 
 2/ 
 
 14'8 
 
 19 
 
 / 
 
 1049 
 
 y 1* 3J 33 33 
 
 31 31 
 
 23'a 
 
 16 '4 
 
 » 
 
 / 
 
 7050 
 
 Q 3J if 13 33 
 
 3 3 13 
 
 25b 
 
 181 
 
 1> 
 
 / 
 
 7059 
 
 3 light £255? reft 400w/amp 
 
 15 
 
 8'e 
 
 9) 
 
 // 
 
 7060 
 
 4 33 33 33 31 33 
 
 n 
 
 t0'8 
 
 
 39 
 
 7 06/ 
 
 5 ” ” J> 
 
 11 31 
 
 19 'a 
 
 12k 
 
 3 3 
 
 13 
 
 1062 
 
 g 31 31 33 
 
 11 31 
 
 2/ 
 
 /4'8 
 
 1J 
 
 99 
 
 7 063 
 
 y 33 33 3) 
 
 31 33 
 
 23's 
 
 16 'a 
 
 39 
 
 19 
 
 1064 
 
 Q 3 3 33 33 
 
 31 13 
 
 25 b 
 
 181 
 
 i> 
 
 39 
 
 1066 
 
 3 It. ESOOref 1 400or500 w 
 
 I8 5 a 
 
 101 
 
 81 
 
 lib 
 
 106 7 
 
 4 33 33 33 31 
 
 H If 
 
 20b 
 
 12 '4 
 
 99 
 
 •3 
 
 1068 
 
 g if * 3 yy yy 
 
 11 11 
 
 23' 8 
 
 14b 
 
 9 9 
 
 yy 
 
 1069 
 
 Q 33 33 33 31 
 
 31 13 
 
 26 
 
 171 
 
 9 9 
 
 yy 
 
 1010 
 
 y 13 13 33 11 
 
 >1 13 
 
 26'z 
 
 20 
 
 99 
 
 >y 
 
 101 / 
 
 Q 33 »3 33 3y 
 
 33 33 
 
 314 
 
 22b 
 
 *9 
 
 1 } 
 
 SHALLOW-BOWL EQUIPMENT. 
 
 7 010 
 
 7 011 
 70/2 
 
 7 0/3 
 
 7 014 
 
 7 015 
 
 7 0/6 
 105/ 
 
 1052 
 
 1053 
 
 1054 
 7055 
 1056 
 1051 
 
 Z Hqht E60 reft 60 w lamp 
 
 g 3 1 33 3 3 99 ' 
 
 ^ 99 31 99 99 91 
 
 g 11 11 11 99 39 
 
 g 99 99 99 39 >9 
 
 y 93 39 99 99 99 
 
 Q 19 3 9 93 99 13 
 
 2 It E-155reft tOOor 150w 
 
 J 93 91 9y 39 99 99 
 
 A 19 93 99 99 39 93 
 
 ^ f 
 
 g 99 3J 99 39 99 91 
 
 Q 99 3 9 99 11 11 11 
 
 y 99 99 11 11 >1 19 
 
 Q9f 3 3 11 9 f 99 39 
 
 6 7 8 
 Te 
 8b 
 9*8 
 10*8 
 10*8 
 111 
 9 7 ie 
 9*8 
 lib 
 l3 3 /e 
 !3 3 /e 
 13*16 
 14 *, 6 
 
 64 
 
 74 
 
 74 
 
 8'e 
 
 7b 
 9 b 
 9 b 
 9 b 
 10b 
 
 3 b 
 
 *1 
 
 y > 
 
 99 
 
 99 
 
 99 
 
 3 9 
 
 4 
 
 19 
 
 99 
 
 31 
 
 91 
 
 1 9 
 
 fl 
 
 ry/3 
 /C 16 
 19 
 
 19 
 
 If 
 
 11 
 
 19 
 
 11 
 
 3% 
 
 y> 
 
 • 3 
 
 y» 
 
 yy 
 
 y 9 
 
 y> 
 
 SINGLE-UNIT 
 
 EQUIPMENT. 
 
 M 
 
 D 
 
 8016 
 
 £ - 40 reflector - 40watt lamp 
 
 
 61 
 
 5*8 
 
 81 12 
 
 E-155 
 
 -100 or 150 w lamp 
 
 II 
 
 3 7 8 
 
 8018 
 
 E-100 » 
 
 -lOOwall lomp 
 
 
 91 
 
 7b 
 
 8019 
 
 E200 ” 
 
 -100 
 
 
 
 91 
 
 7 b 
 
 8020 
 
 £2002 ” 
 
 -150 ” 
 
 
 
 91 
 
 8*8 
 
 802/ 
 
 E-150 ” 
 
 -150 ” 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 84 
 
 8022 
 
 £250 " 
 
 250 ” 
 
 
 
 13b 
 
 9'8 
 
 8023 
 
 £-255 ” 
 
 ■250 ” ’ 
 
 
 
 13b 
 
 9 7 8 
 
 81 10 
 
 £2552 ” 
 
 400 ” ” 
 
 
 
 13b 
 
 II 
 
 81 1 1 
 
 £500 " 
 
 - 40Oor500w lamp. 
 
 n 
 
 lib 
 
 Thl National XE>ay- Rlflectol <a- Chicago III 
 
 Plate Mo- 15 DATA FOR OPAQUE BOWLS 
 
PI 
 
 Show 
 
 1 
 
 y-Rat) lUflectom Pk 5 how Windows 
 
 ~W/a . ?ow 2Dp/rp^(V/n. q/vcz) 
 
 c O?? ZZOAtCE*U-lM4? PLlPL^C tops 
 *\pOrt ^TJPZZT- 
 
 •j-/Nq 
 
 ^9^/953 *SPPZ?E 
 
 £jr /nch Wo? 
 
 Evans Building. 
 Smith, Rea & Lovitt 
 
 Architects. 
 Kansas City, Mo. 
 
 W*rr Ceeer 
 I BUCB P7&ZD/R 
 
 Detail of Gcoop Deflector jNo 
 
 WIDTH-T SCALE-■%' 
 
 I/J5TALLATIOAI DATA 
 Height— 9 l O'‘ 
 Depth — 9O' 
 Dethectops — Scoop 
 Spacing — JS on ceni 
 Lamps — <o0 Watt 
 
 5egtioa THau Window 
 
 SCALE % =I 1 0" 
 
 
 
 
 
 / ^ 
 
 r ^ 
 
 The Matiomal XT ay Deflector, G Chicaqo-Ill- 
 
 Plate AJo-I6 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 iff 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■ 
 
P \7 
 
 Show vvinuows 
 
 Rjefkct0r$ToL5How Windows' 
 
 £ IgUbberAastel-p 
 
 ^ ftrcelc^inl^ceptacle' 
 
 
 Shade,Holder 2>W 
 To r m A 
 
 Shade Holdei 
 
 DroREBuiLDiMG(9r 
 (fenPlRlE 3 ( 0 X 1 
 (Voo&oOl 
 
 LrrH~ SULLIVA/S. 
 
 ^chitectt. 
 
 Gear Dulb/^azda l^mp. 
 
 /ieuer lesslbcin 6 
 
 X#¥gCR^LCCTO^ s 780. 
 I ] I Iarge Detail 
 
 11 I 
 
 A^it-ror, 
 
 Tinibbed. T^loor 
 
 Xfe'-’V&OR.'^FLECTOR. 7f s 760. 
 
 ^O" 
 
 Plate Mo-17 
 
q 621.32 
 
 N li 
 
 cop. 2 
 
 
 
 
 \ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Shov 
 
 ^effector*-T olShow Windows 
 
 .CAGOILL. 
 
 Plate Mo-18 
 

p 
 
 Shov 
 
 Yz Uutt Hof lectors •fa 5 HOW 
 
 Sections Thru Typical Windows 
 
 5CALE, % =1-0" 
 
 CohTPL/fT Wlrr/NCf 
 
 T p*/L'ST/&J-E /-/cU-DCR El/RN/3HEO 
 rrH THE REELEC7~OTR 
 
 Rubber 
 G*?S>/<E 7~ 
 T-^otzcji z-W//\/ 
 /^EeZEwr/^ra^E 
 
 
 Oa A/XPL//T WOK 
 
 £lect&/c VJires 
 
 'feovrJD A^ev/V- 
 frORCEZ* •S^Onf 
 IV/sVDoyV Co/? C> 
 
 Con&u/t T/wr/rt^ 
 
 ^c/BBEK C^/?£>KE7~ 
 
 T^ORci£./-&//* AY <e£P w/tc.j.£ 
 S&R/VBS C?H£> 0 £ /VoJ-OETZ 
 7^0 7?M "O'. 
 
 T 
 
 ' 
 
 1 
 
 
 : 
 
 i 
 
 Detail or Hood Deflector No- 73 O 
 
 5CALE j"‘l l O 
 
 —---| PLA N 
 
 Detail or Poke Boaaet Deflector No750 
 
 SCALE J''-l'-0" 
 
 /eel/s r^r/o/v .■ 
 
 W/AJDOW EQU/T'Pf^ W/TH HOOV -REVEECTORS 
 
 Plmer Coe g Co. Or/s BLriq Cn/c^qo 
 
 TSefeectors sttced /& in. on centers 
 
 The National X-Ray Peeleotoe 0- Chicago-Ill- 
 
 Plate No-19 
 
P! 
 
 . 20 
 iges 
 
 deflectors 
 
 p Smti £>ld(j5 • 
 
 W 'e> *>■- P I.** ° L 1 ' a ‘ > a 47 & ° 
 
 ~K 
 
 - n >•.«* ^ ^ 
 
 <■ *» 
 
 /V° 565 XRAY c~' 
 
 'DIRECT L/CfHT/N(f BE ELECTORS-> 
 
 ZT 
 
 •»>: ■; “ v >*Vf i> V ?»> ^ 
 
 f. o ’•£? & S 
 
 p? ' TUSilMULUUiiWlll KMZpV. 
 
 ■^A^Popcel a/h~J 
 
 Ce/l/nq 
 
 2-ta" Bobm HHolder 
 
 Outlet Box 
 Receptacle 
 
 Details of Service £>uildjaiq For, 
 Ford Motor Co-St Paul Miji a- 
 
 JOHA CjRAHAM ARCHITECT JdEATTLI WASH 
 
 IWQ --~- TTh 
 
 / \ NO 565X RAY 
 
 \ \ D/RCCT UQHT/NQ 
 \v€ EEL f c JOE . 
 
 CONCRETE 5Loon ■ 
 
 A<>;.v.'-olCAi• VCAC;AK 
 
 ■ R c> Y . Po_ & n t M ^ ^ ■ 6 t> > 19 ' l> o', e-o- P* <■»’ *Ait p . v- j» - ^ L’ 0 \iF A . j £• « q- - , 
 
 Sictiom Or Typical E>ay 
 
 ■With Lamps And Reflectors In Position- 
 Scale 3/16’= i-o' 
 
 
 
 
 
 , / 
 
 ■3/16 
 
 
 SCALE- 
 
 
 
 FT 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 
 •. ’ * O . 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 = ~n 
 
 
 7"kaa Of L/qHT/Nq Un/t Installed In The 
 Various Ford Stations- Note Now 
 Effectively The Deep Deelector Conceals 
 The Lamp ■ Scale f/T Full 5/ze 
 
 2 2.'-AS ‘ 
 
 NO 565 XDaY DIRECT LKfHTfNq 
 Be el sc top u/th zoo iyatt Mazda 
 Lamp > 
 
 H 
 
 Location Of Outlet Ln 
 Center. Of Bays On First 
 Floor Of Bu/LD/uq One 
 25o Watt Lamp And*k>5 
 XBay Beflector Placed 
 
 At This Outlet -^ 
 
 ■On All Upper *>gf 
 
 Floors The Four ^ 
 Corner Outlets Apply- 
 
 n 
 
 n- 
 
 n 
 
 The National X'Tay Deflector (a- Chicago-Ill- 
 
 Plate Ao-20 
 
Plat 
 
 k S 
 
 focf lectors ■Pa FACTORIES 
 
 toras 
 
 WORK TABLE 
 
 • Ja Ocale Section Of Fresh Work Room- 
 
 HavaM'Amebicm Tobacco Company-Chicago 111 
 
 • Qeo- GlNimmons ■ Architect ■ Chicaqo • III- 
 
 '2AO- FL■ L/NF 
 
 233- 7" INS/OF 
 
 Note 
 
 O VERHEAD L /<?Hr/MQ- 
 EXCLU5! VEL Y /A/ TH/5 
 EH CTO GY - NO DROP 
 CORDS EMPLOYED ■ 
 
 Outlets lo'-o "apart ( 
 
 ONE MY- //-// "0/PEG 
 WHY- ' v 
 
 PEELECTOES //~0“ FROM 
 FLOOR ■ JOO V/ETT LEMPS , 
 HEED ■ PECH LEMP 
 PROY/DE5 6 WORKMEN 
 h//TH SUFF/C/EHT 
 /LL UM /HE T/OH • 
 
 Stock beg 
 
 B 0 0 O 
 
 E/ K5T ELOO# 
 
 Z 
 
 FRESH hope dept 
 £3-10"A 233-7"- 
 P—C.»i < 7 / BEEHIVES"OSLO /N 
 
 th/5 pooh- Over400 
 BEEHIVES !H THE COMPLETE 
 /HSTELLET/OH • 
 
 The l/qht/ho equipment wes 
 /HOTEL LED BY P/ERCE pLEC TR/C Co- 
 C.OHTRECTOR5 CHICELfO- 
 
 ^STREP HAN/} EH FASTENED 
 TO ROOT 
 
 W 
 
 JB- 
 
 ■PLEC.TR/C OUTLETS' 
 
 -6f- 
 
 -S- 
 
 -B- 
 
 -H- 
 
 - 0 - 
 
 4Y 
 
 -0- 
 
 
 'WORK 
 
 NY 
 
 -B- 
 
 Nh 
 
 Nh 
 
 HS- 
 
 -B- 
 
 -B- 
 
 t 
 
 0- 
 
 -B- 
 
 H8- 
 
 3P 
 
 - 0 - 
 
 -B- 
 
 
 t 
 
 -B- 
 
 -B- 
 
 
 -B- 
 
 
 
 V 
 
 \/ 
 
 / 
 
 V 
 
 / V. 
 
 Ei/e/Mp* 
 
 V, 
 
 / \ 
 
 
 •WL 
 
 
 AS- 
 
 -B 
 
 9 
 
 ■3/64-"5call Partial Plaa Of Fresh Work Room- 
 
 Ohowiaq Location Or LiqHTiAiq Units- 
 
 A 
 
 y/2 COHOU/T F/TT/H/f 
 W/TH PORCELA/H sJ/2 CONDUIT 
 COVER• 
 
 77, 
 
 
 PoRNt /) 34 SHADE 
 HOLDER 
 
 Heevv re/nfopced 
 
 CORD 
 
 Press shell 
 socket 
 
 A Re Y "Beehive " 
 Reflector No-765 
 
 Too Nett MAZDA 
 LAMP 
 
 DETAIL OF LlQHTIMQ FIXTURE 
 ■Showinq Method Of Suspending 
 From Sawtooth' Roof - 1‘.Scale- 
 
 The Xatiohal XDay Deflector < a - Chicaqo 111- 
 
 Plate No-21 
 
deflectors -F> B Lake At> High 
 
 sms- 
 
 -Oae- Half From Elevatioa - s/^scall - o/je Half Fiction Thru Track £oom~ 
 
 This large room fob indoor sports is lighted by X-Ray Reeh/vc Reflectors 
 
 WITH tOO WATT LAMPS - THE 5AME L/<fHT/N</ A RRANGEMEHTS CAH BE APPLIED TO 
 ARMORIES , COLISEUMS , ERECTING SHOPS, ETC 
 
 SHEET IRON CASE 
 
 —X-Ray direct 
 
 LIQHTINp REFLECTOR 
 Ho. jes "the Beehive ' 
 
 445CALI ElIVATJOA- 
 
 The fixture is a box of art glass and metal w/th 
 
 MOHOCjRAM OH SIDES COARSE W/R.E NETTING COVERS 
 THE BOTTOM ^ _ T _ 
 
 Details Of Lighting Fixture 
 
 
 — 
 
 )') 
 / V 
 
 
 (\ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 %" 5cale Plan 
 
 ■Plan Or Track Loom 
 
 ■\Z 64 -" 5 CALI 
 
 The locat/oh oe the lighting fixtures is 
 
 INDICATED ■ 
 
 Wattage cohsumed is about -(,5 watts per sqir 
 
 FOR THE DIRECT LIGHTING ■ ADDITION OF INDIRECT 
 LIGHTING FEATURE BR/HQS TOTAL WATTAGE TO ABOUT 
 / WATT PER SR FT- 
 
 H 0 R.THWL 5 TERN 
 UNIVEE 5 ITY ' 
 QYMHA 5 IUM ■ 
 
 Qeo-W-Mahel ■ Architect- 
 
 Chicago- Illinois 
 
 ThB dE/LtMCj /S L/(jHTED BY XP/9Y P E ELECTORS 
 HO 650 PO/WTED L/PW/tPD - TWO 25 WATT LAMP5 
 W/TH THE5E PEFLECTOQS flPE PLACED /H THE 
 TOP OF EACH F/XTUR.F • 
 
 The National X-Ray Reflector 0- Chicago III 
 
 Cate No-22. 
 

Plate 
 
 r 
 
 llvtn deflectors F>eGmchcs Ay Auditoriums? 
 
 WITH 
 
 )ARK 
 
 EILI«45 
 
 Notes:- 
 
 /HB/H /UJDITOR.IUM 
 
 ■4-8-6'x 
 
 BACK Of P/L/.BP5 
 EAC/J 3/OE 
 
 Total floor area 5jS2 
 
 SQ-FT. REAR 3ALCOM* 
 
 24-'-o"A 30 '-o'' 
 
 JO F/XT ORES FOG. M4/H ^ 
 AL'D/TOQiUM - / FIXTURE 1 
 FOR REAR BALCONY- 
 EACH LANTERN 
 ENCLOSES -4-XRAY 
 "BEEH/VE " HO- 7 &5 REFLECTOR 
 W/TH J50 WATT LAMPS 
 AND 3-4-0 WATT LAMPS 
 FOR ILLUM/NATINCf tyLASS 
 SIDES OF FIXTURE • 
 
 he Matiomal X-£ay Deflector. (a- Chicago-III 
 
 Platc Mo 2.3 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
deflectors F\ Manufacturing Bidgs 
 
 Calumet Baking Powdee <§• Chicago- 
 Cchmidt Gaeden A Maetiai 
 
 Installation Data 
 
 S/ze or byiys- /6 '- 0 % k / 9 ~ 3 /i 
 S<? Ft- rm b/iy - <3X2 
 
 Ce/EIAN? HEKfHE- /Z~Z 
 
 J^RAYPE — /OO wwr- ONE AN 
 CENTER or ENCH BrRY. 
 
 Wa/tts per 09. rr 0 . 3 Z Pox 
 
 GENERATE IEEUMIN/TT/ON. 
 
 1 , ighting r/xri/RES ei/bpenoed 
 
 O/Y PEEX/BEE EORO /A /AY. EROAY 
 
 ce/u/yq 7-0 Borrorr or reteector 
 ’E , E r/Ecro 7 ?S (/SEE 
 
 O/y rrcrorv noors-No. 565 / 
 In pri/yt/Ng dept: —No. 765 
 I AY TO/EET 3 - No. 555. 
 
 Orr/CES ATRE E/^NrEB BY 
 The £ye Con/port 3ystehi or 
 
 INO/RECT /EEX/H1//YA/r/OAY. 
 
 -ii- 
 
 AftCHITECT-5. 
 
 
 * 
 
 -/ 6 -O t 
 
 & 
 
 3" 
 
 & 
 
 No 56 
 
 / PEPEE^TOR 
 
 / 
 
 5 X~7? AY 20>/REcr /L/<f//r/A/<? 
 av/tn /OO IV/rrr A/thtr 
 
 
 
 Q(S7~J-//>/£. OW A7/NCW//V/E 
 
 t 
 
 6 - 0 ;. 
 
 ft-YEOS^t 
 
 -/ 6-0 
 
 ib 
 
 
 -/ 6 : 0 ± 
 
 4 
 
 H 
 
 
 fee 
 
 E 
 
 ^ ¥ 
 
 7] 
 
 E 
 
 w- 
 
 il L 
 
 3 
 
 
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 Os 
 
 Partial Plan — Third FLoor 
 
 /SHOWING TYPICAL BAY /5 
 
 
 •Sc/TEE //£ =■ / '-O'' 
 
 DETAIL OF LIQHTIAIQ- FIXTURE, 
 
 SCHEE %*/" 
 
 The National X-Ray Reflector (a- Chicaqo III 
 
 Plate No 24 
 
Index To Detail Plates 
 
 > >f r? 
 
 y •* 
 
 
 INDIRECT LIGHTING 
 
 Detail 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 32 
 
 33 
 
 34 
 
 35 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 19 
 
 36 
 
 37 
 
 Office Buildings . 13 
 
 Banks..... 14 
 
 Drafting Rooms.. . 18 
 
 Hotels and Clubs (Cornices).. 
 
 Hotels and Clubs (Pedestals). 
 
 Churches and Auditoriums .. 
 
 Theatres. . 
 
 Stores and Display Rooms . 
 
 Residences .......— _ 
 
 Library Buildings.. 
 
 Hospital Operating Rooms. 
 
 Cornice Lighting. 
 
 Cornice Lighting . . . 
 
 Luminous Bowl Interior Equipment.. 
 
 Opaque Bowl Interior Equipment .... 
 
 
 . • 
 
 SHOW WINDOW LIGHTING 
 
 Scoop Reflector—.47-49 
 
 Visor Reflector. .47-49 
 
 Helmet Reflector. 47-49 
 
 Hood and Poke Bonnet Reflectors.47-49 
 
 DIRECT LIGHTING 
 
 20 Garages and Service Buildings — . 41 
 
 21 Factories, Shops and Workrooms.. 38 
 
 22 Large and High Buildings.. . 34 
 
 23 Churches and Auditoriums (Dark Ceilings) 34 
 
 24 Manufacturing Buildings . I...... 38 
 
 38 .... 
 
 39 ... 
 
 40 ..... 
 
 41 .. 
 
 .42 ..... 
 
 43 ......................... 
 
 44 .. 
 
 45 
 
 * • • • • • • •• • • t • * * . • •. t. | > > » 
 
 46 ..... 
 
 47 ...... 
 
 48 .... 
 
 This envelope contains twenty four detail drawings gi-Ving com¬ 
 plete illumination and installation data, on specific instances of the 
 successful and economic lighting of buildings from concealed sources. 
 We believe they coxier the field. up to the present stage of develop¬ 
 ment, excellently. From time to time we Wilt send you additional 
 plates, of a similar nature on new developments, and for this reason 
 have made provision for another twenty-four in this envelope. 
 
 I T IS our endeavor to render valuable aid to you in the solution 
 of your lighting problems. Therefore please bear in mind, 
 that our staff of expert illuminating engineers, is ready and 
 willing at all times to co-operate with you as fully as you desire, 
 In solving lighting problems in the most effective manner.