^ NATIONAL ARCHIVES MICROFILM PUBLICATIONS V Microcopy No. 411 RECORDS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE RELATING TO INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF ETHIOPIA (AB7SSINIA), 1910-29 Rolll / ^ LISTS OF DOCUMENTS 884. 00/39 - 884. 9241/2 and 884. 00 POLITICAL AFFAIRS [884. 00 General; 884. OOB Bolshevism; 884. 001 Chief Executive; 884. 002 Cabinet] 884. 00/39 - 884. 002/7 Jo ^ I ^ THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS SERVICE GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION Washington: 1962 J ', \ A I ION \l \i;( II I \ i:s MK KOI I LM |>l |;| |( \TJ()NS i' 4 V INTRODUCTION ^ On the 4 rolls of this microfilm publication axe reproduced the records from the decimal file of the Department of State, 1910-29, that relate to internal affairs of Ethiopia (Abyssinia). The records consist of loose docimients. They are mostly instructions to and des- patches from diplomatic and consular officials; the despatches are of- ten accompanied by enclosures such as diplomatic notes exchanged, pamphlets, and newspapers. Also included in the^e records are notes between the Department of State and foreign diplomatic representa- tives in the United States, memoranda prepared by officials of the De- partment, and correspondence with officials of other Government de- partments and with private firms and individuals. The Lists of Docu- ments or ^'purport sheets'* reproduced on Roll 1 give brief abstracts of the docvunents reproduced in this microcopy and serve as a finding aid to the documents themselves. The arrangement of the entries on these lists corresponds to the arrangement of the documents in the file. -?» Since 1910 the central files of the Departnient of State have been grouped and arranged by a decimal system of subject classification. The decimal file initially consisted of nine primary classes niunbered through 8, each covering abroad subject area. Under Class 8, In- ternal Affairs of States, the documents are arranged according to the country concerned. Each countr^ has been assigned a 2- digit number and the number for Ethiopia (Abyssinia) is 84; thus the documents re- produced in this microcopy bear the file niunber 884 and relate to in- ternal affairs of Ethiopia (Abyssinia). A decimal point is used after the first three digits, followed by a number that represents a specific subtopic. The number, in turn, may be followed by a slant mark (/). The numbers that follow the slant mark are assigned to individual documents as they are acciunulated on a specific subject. For exam- ple, a decimal ^file number taken from a document reproduced in this microcopy is 884. 6363/13. The four-digit nimiber 6363 signifies that the subtopic is petroleiun, and the ntunber following the slant mark indicates that this is the 13th paper received on this subtopic. The documents under one subject classification are generally in chronological order, coinciding with the document number assigned (which follows the slant mark). There are instances, however, when a document file nimiber was not assigned until a date considerably later than the one on which the • • ciunent was received. Cross-reference sheets that refer to related records under other subject classifications in the decimal file have been reproduced as 11 \ \ I l()\ \ I \ i;( II I \ r ^ 11 ,,_i ^ . - J ^J^J ,J^ ^ . . -* — -- dK«>^£ - .-"" L.'-l-l ' . ' _._.- ' "_ _ ■ "_ . . _ / . - M !( i;n > ' 1 > ( \ ()\ X \ A rioN \ I \ LM II I \ Is Ml( IM)I I LM ri r>l l( \TI()NS \ •JtlMtjf riate cross-reference notations appear in the Other cross-reference notations are to docu- they occur and appr Lists of Documents. ments in the "numerical file, '' a system used for the central files of the Department of State for the period 1906-10. The numerical sys- tem of assigning consecutive niunbers to subject case files was re- placed by the decimal system of subject classification in 1910. Before the records were filmed a search was made by the tional Archives and the Department of State for missing documents. The checkmarks that appear by most entries in the left-hand column of the Lists of Documents indicate that the papers are in the file. The absence of checkmarks denotes that the documents were not found; it is believed that they were not among the records when they were re- ceived from the Department. Some of the documents that have been checked in the Lists of Documents on Roll 1 do not appear on this microcopy. The decimal file contains security- classified documents and communications re- ceived from and classified by foreign governments and Federal agen- cies as well as those classified by the Department of State. The docu- ments that have not been declassified are not available as part of this microcopy. The National Archives and Records Service does not have authority to make reproductions of such documents available to searchers. The largest group of records riepi'oduced in this microcopy relate to political affairs and describe the changing political situation within Ethiopia; to petroleum exploitation and petroleimi concessions; and to the proposed construction of the Lake Tsana Dam. There are also records relating to Bolshevik activities*, the sovereign^ the royal family^ the cabinet; government; public order, safety, and works*, military affairs*, social, economic, and industrial matters*, navigation; the public press; and science. Among the records in Class 7 of the Department of State decim^ file, 1910-29, are two series dealing with Ethiopian affairs that are closely related to the records reproduced in this microcopy. One concerns political relations between the United States and Ethiopia (Abyssinia) (Microcopy 412) and the other, consisting of two docu^ ments, concerns political relations between Ethiopia (Abyssinia) and other states. A list of the rolls of this microfilm publication, indicating the cument number range and the subjects covered by the documents on each roll, is filmed after the information on related records given below. ^ w ^ 111 * « ^ • \ \ \ 1 h)\ \ 1 \ ;( \ ^ M K KM) l,M ' i : 1 ( \ 1 ()\ s 7-' ■■«* !■■ ■ ' - -^: - - - - f ■ -, . \ / u \ \ I I () \ \ \ ; •»• \ i;( II \i i( i;()i MM I A : The records reproduced in this microcopy are part of the records in the National Archives designated as Record Group 59, General Rec- ords of the Department of State. / y^ In the same record group in the National Archives are additional records on relations between Ethiopia and the United States, 1903-4. There are consular instructions, credences, documents relating to a treaty of amity, reciprocity, and commerce, and despatches from special agents to the Department of State that are in volume 19 of Con- sular Despatches, ' M^seille. In Record Group 84, Records of the Foreign Service Posts of the Department of State, are records originally kept at U. S. diplomatic and consular posts. Among these are records of the U. S. Legation in Ethiopia (Abyssinia), 1908-36 and of the consular post in Addis Ababa, 1890-1936. — ^ iv \ \ I h ^ \ 1 ^ iiiiiii ji> i-iiiiii.nriiiiih.»fl.'*i> c ;-• < . t .':#« # • ♦• I .' ntOM: > ^ . A AbyBBJMa Xm .vs ^^-r*& .1 -< » •»— ■ . r. >;. '?«;^-^>i> vir> s/sd/io / ar li ^"^ ^ 47 Idle JLbaba -#2S ^^ V-K 4S id^ Ababa Ay »Book 1^ • ■ 1 50^ Am t;- I — 62- Adlg. Abahm ^JM- 4S3-[-Adl|. Ababa. #51 ^ 54' JW^JL Ababa__|3fl SS ' Ad^a^aba #39- a/2-^10 B/B/IO- Co » ^^__i6_jJbLyL_Ababa Not. £aa^ X:gZ-'AdJ^^ Ababa #48 Yebaa^ .1 ,<^_5a^:|dijf.Jh«b* liar - * f' w S""». I-* t' ^; *.;*• ••iOt LH. Kill a ••> ^ -K » r JUJU-miia 1 -4 :^, OS- V*' •V ' •-',>. r.i.f' i&, iair4i>«b» «S7 H*-B111» ¥.H> mi a — ^W'^^a^"*^^^"^" ^u-4!i Wr.Boek C» t^j- SUB N*. 38 • « _A ^ 1 r t * ^N triad for polaoning. *"" :■* i*?-'' ;i4'i •■^ *.^ ,- •.J.c^>'- Atk ff n awft */ ■.a|>; •*i. « w- , ^ ' -^^i^ ^> S* c 1 »<^->; ■w ? * '>*:^^^>' •?!?>* r. .,-», it- ~: f Tl,'^fi*iik'« h— n '.\ 'i!.^'i '.■'; v.'. ■ '^M': J-u'r* v»— ^ur; ^^ ■:.¥'*- • »•; .d »■ •-:.' •i 4f Kitl:^ iaad^ eited \ .%^ %i^ v^ ^.Y /:^- Ragont* Asks ttUtlLJ^flXUB^ owing to illneaa • 1^:. rtion of regent • Se A'-'v i-"ti , *|W '"* %.i':^.f:,'i A- T.*: If Ot 1 Q^ ■,ff .■ <* ■ * -aooo loant of Miniate ra, etc. t; ( ^ 19 TO: H y r AbatDa>#66 H' .\ y^ii Ai^v>^ -^f X71 , .-■ .s* » ,;;.«.' I 1912 Jan.27 SUB No. M^y. _ ..■■ '^>J*' . t>*ir- Jff'^^- "-.^rf*' "*■■> •c,^ ;,< *■• V at^t PURPQKT. *. ♦* f i /C 72 as ..■•' / »♦ Itey 28 1914 Jan>14 *>^' . «- . A i.^ >C-I6 \ T. H> Ellis Adl ^Ababa.#13 ^^ ■ » r '-♦ I ■ • ■r*:^ • • t..* ^*|}.: ; :^^ lto_2 1_M_ Jun« 8 i»* \' : *• ^ r ♦• » <: V .^^ ^j" *g22a y^ ' asa #17 ▲4MMM^ N0T«9 J03U2A^ A . i*^ . I " i 'I. ^ v*^ .i«^""^^. . .-,'-.. 1.4 ■? V i- V • *x. w --S .-- *•■' f ^ .v:- ■'i^'i ^ ; ^ 3»l c . • * <:*• '. »« it Tantaf \ lug of Crcum Prliio#»a ^ # depleted eondition of 1 ftOt Report 8 recent outl^reaks 7;> departure of Has Mioae & imprisonment of Has £A±m ibata. !Hp offioifti ^ llinlatey .7 <^. ai d tn 4, ^ ■ Death of Mtnelik reporter in Austria, Aaatrla*» in Abyi*inian ft BM Si Asks name of present ml Abyssinia -* ^ i •r tks if^ there is trouble and AbTseinla^liquseta repreeehtatl Dep^t not infb Con>flen?I at Adis Abalas 11 visit AhiuialnlaJUiki eral infbxnation» Baa mid rollQ ^ Tigra^ flhri Herolxi ^^^> a rM>i»»i(4i ^>[* s taken tlon 2 871] Sane 1H» t^^'f. ■ I I • ♦■ Subject: V c n* 12nnon 1. SDBN*. »T/. :4...;V y ^)>i'^> ' ■■ ?"-N-.?, vj'-.r^?' ;•-> vf- 1^.j V lA i XI i:^' V--^f^ \k§ ^«l '.^ ^".v^^.' {,aV Id^ #164 I' r •Vt ;*. > 19 18 1*1 hi IF i^$flWr,i2 ^:v.^-^. «» "» •V .«■ ■■ ■ III ^ I .. .1 y ■ ^ i^ ^ 6pm #.<■♦. -• -..vl <-i AV S i25S ,f #282 #329 .' » ' - '^!i^ 1919 v---ir «* -\ it i ■•■U-''^'^ ji>*. V. '"iy Utar Oot.l 4y^ < < .::<^, y lis CO Jan^2§ < ^ ^^ ■ Jl'iiii. .-t*; POKPHIT k' < • 1 » ;>^ Imr QoTt* of Abysalnia A Zaoditttt Detail a re attitiid •a . / • Oardiality of natira is o iai Ataref inia ty O0m>at Adaa^ aaaat Got^« of AbTaalaia i itoati that oooBtxy Bacon t att :M»4 Reporta ruiaog in capital ai growing differences batweai gafari and Council D#aWi ef f oraer Sapreaa palaoe at Intette • >i '% politioal priaenar for nan tha » )litioal aitaatiofi in llijra haM Beport -•> V. Abyaa Moalana attacking the Chriat troopa f rop Egy pt message to D&nlah Crwrt Am Bomor of Moalem diatorbance ii ainia»Brit»trooi>a being aeal rti detaila not yet avallahli hromdit i:^'.- .»^":,?j-^j thfl(y ^ **, conn try i?^orwa. Conf ^e« f aitoation in Jhyaai ]^ Tafari^ Prince Bagmit and ifn Prince planning way 9 H ^^ ^^^rari »epgrti cal aituation in R, .. .11 from )^g>yqai| oari ut^ repreaenting \ Ittt^vaati ^aanean iytej^ ;;^ f ■'. N LIST OF •PAPERS I««6 4 ♦•♦- :.. 'i. Sabject: Polit ioal At Aim in AtBrssinie> -*^.? '"^^ '. r- ♦ i:v,?m' ■-*^ -^ ■>'<*• s»:v ociati on SUB N«. -,.. t. ■'\V» ! • f '. ■•. ■ . >. PUKPOKT ^-'>.c.v-r-«i^-„-.'i, P ) cation of proceedings i3f Al ian Corporation, in the coi of ^hich Erlanger annognced firm had {i^one intt> the onte beinrr urpred to do so by the - - — -~-^ has resulted in some coraiTien 3om criticism to effect 'ire; Brit, is Tolanninn^ to absorb oountry.Gom-olaint of ?rench that Abvnginian Gorx). ^"ith^ ance of Brit, authorities h broken afyreement between 5r Brit. France and Italy has something* fio do witih it» et oapttire of Prince L\ Abyss inia»Heports r€ grents in Abyssinia* HO largaiiiUn gltnationtBipflrt rm Idsaog ef — aelntlon agr— •! twaaa Ot>Brltaia»Fya«ca#Ita3 « parti t lea Abara»lnia> raport by aall^ Fanu *." *■" '.««»-'.< ■i.^- p^tfnat f to Inraatlgata dlsoy ••a paat ta. LafMaa> "*j-«r',"» ; f% i \ gal > 113 5pm> > ' noon (Child) #■ ! 1 ' - -. Ear* 16 - ' ^ . ' \ ne \ .\?_ . ?< > •.'c?. « »«•■*': *i -^. ->V' t ^ . ■ ^ S 4U ?> * <• ■■^ -i « \.. •■/T Raports tltaMff fBrit^aaaaaato trip aBtAtitaj yaameat to yraa & Italy by idiioh arms snppl: Abyaeinia should ba liaitad Franea 9s Italy haya not yat liad» HO basisyfor raport» lotad to 884 isyf< m3 T leged tripartita agreement bei ^ Italy tC^> Brit* & Wr. Obh Jl ' foundation for raport~« Qot I lor of Fr* ''Nnb. states Icnovi •i^i-if _4i- of nothing of sort & f •0» oj states no agreement batw» ti oountries sinoa one of 1906 ting repent understanding t< ¥ant imptfrtation^of arms in Abyss inia* notacL to 884*113 t. ■ f >*• . I «t . • > ^ -^ ■ . . 1 • • N <.f t } LIST OF 7 i * ^* ' V » »- •^ ^:^- Subject: PoliLtlcal affairs 4^n Abyagjnia^ l^jMrB^' jKm 'g^. IwBaCi^j 1 'Wu ■>^ FROM DAfE. .-V A/ SUB No. PURPORT, ■ *•*«!' AbVBBinia ( » Abyssinia X-4Q_ Abyssinia kLAl 42 Lljj.1 Adis Ababa . i/is/io- 1/17/10 1/25/10 3/4/10 L I Jdurr en t^aJCJ^aiTA^ Heir P^resumptiTet Prime Minis- Ikfari X 43 Adi^|>baba #18 '3/^4/10 »-n^ti. ?< 44 Ml jLbaba y^-45 /v ; 4/87/10 »or^ ) - 3/30/10- 3/26/10 41 Health i)f xion* Copy o f above. '.Militar y eondi lir Ababa #19 - - Adis Ababa #22 4/26/ip Adi^ Ababa #25 • 48 Ad^s Ababa i Qaaen.^ Return of the •« • I. I 5/12/10 6/3/10 M»Ti<»lik fft triad for poisoning X 49 Aa»Book Op* ^^xCJSa Adi^ Ababa #29 X 51 Am. Book Co _ 8/3/10 I I 16/27/10 i o<_ 8/8/10 Am* Book Ooo. 1 8/15/10 I 7S 8/24/10 Am* Book Co ilaka- name of ruXair Qaean^^ trial 49 llenelik^I^ depoaedT 52 Adi^ »■. 55 #51 ^14 Adi« #38 <_ Adls^jlbaba I 8/8/10 7/I8/IO 1910 Oct* 6 Nov. 11, Dec. 27 51 Menelik^s depoaition ndt ftv^ilta^ I » Disturbances in YeJ Ja and Kaffa. Menelik*s healtb Current affairs ♦ » T ;(^^5A- Adip Ababa ^'45 __ XJKL Adj^ Ababa #48 __Peb.l8, Menelik believed to be daad^* . Seal of Emperor counterfeited < Adi^ liar X 59 W. fi* E\Ha lELl Hay 13, •f 14^ W* H* Ellis, ;<;j6Q -Adis Ababa #53 _ Apr. 12 Unaaaineaa owing to illnaaa af Ragant* Asks tnith of ru^TOiL pjr tion of regent • Serioua Il l n ess of ad. DeAtb-O f Regent* M .i^ /><. 61 W^H* Ellis Uay 15 Jlei|uasta further information* -^1 \ f X tt \ i.H* nils June i-« ^i X, ^ ^- -Adls Ababa. #5^ ' i^St^B Ababau# 59^ } ♦ I « Ababa #57 H* Bllis 60 itotice^given # S 8 frc p Adla Ababa. MtH*a ^^jiuk _61 Tia i t to P s pai-i i sant * 1 I / A #» r J a ek Co^ Jul;? 19 iraent of Ministers, eta. ^ -i^^ ^ 1 I » i» T' ' " I' "iNHr Hi- • .. -^ ^' •> ■\»' '^ LIST OF ■^ . ■ • »» 4 <^' *■ '\ •♦#♦- r!i- ^^^^^ik. ' . -^^^B k k x V f • •l^v .'-•^^ wW ^ ;f - il\? V , •• V J > -4 •< . -\ DATE. Aug^l9 TO: SUB No. Xee Aba:.ba.#66 | Jan.27 • , 1 r--\ • y^H 4^Wi f, H. Ellis Feb. 4 ,r ¥. H. ElllB /^71 lAdgy^ #- May 28 />Lj:g-^ gana4 X^ 74 I Geo>W>MarjMn8> May 2 < 76 T. H, Elljg Jxme 3 K 77 if. H. Ellis 7ei Adi^Ababa.#13. < 79- 1 9 1 i #9226 asa #17 P »g^4 Not •9. S03u2E^ T ♦ <:> *\ 1^1 hiirii?4 a?gL f4S77 Sjm » '■ ; ■ . * FUSPOKT. . V, - Oroi BLJBrJ JBA-J imi >i. l&turl: lit Mia ibtt 1^4 1 OL. i'^i'M-A #«. 11 J'l iiy a r of Croim Prino#»s deplsted oondition of gart»^ •to. X. HeT>ort8 recent outbreaks in deT>arture of Has Mioael foj^: •m> & imprisonment of Has Abatt^i" ■»• * • ■*---- •^*^ i t fi/\ t- ;r- : :*> » 'm^- No offittial IT I . Mlni?<^i^r >m ^ oh^»W o Enela>5 latt Johannes asking aid in Death of Msnelik reported^ •)« «lt.!« in Atistria, An et rla*i 1: in Aoyssiniaa Asks name of present raler dt Abyssinia. 1 . ^'i' Ki te l^ttftff My ..»;r eks if there is trouble V :S>-^- md AbyectoiaJliqueete An>repreeentatlve in Kb Dep^t not infPitted^J^Q^tood M^ Con>flenlI at Ails Ib^bai^ fill visit AbwlBlaJUike fby oral infbzmation^ :^i^ of W' V a*)«^« Rerolution in Abyealni^^ai Distarbanoes in Abyss li^iBet)Or#! N' k^^ L' "VX ^h *- '-*■ olitiCal conditions in Aby^i! \^ ijfcif ' 4i i i i > «i « 4 ; t '^ ] » 1 1 4 1 '- '^^i •^ v*- .1»rt ? ..^J .u- / • « ■f ^ •■ • ^ r* \mmj £JS7"jnjuUL ^ r*^i '^^"•«r- »■ »-"**^ . - ^l^i^ « r LIST OF PAPERS Mpi 9 -♦•♦• I* *»* Sub/ect: ♦■V, n >-. ^ '.) 7 lip PURPORT /• ^ Que»n of -P! aa heir to Hcfw GoTt* Of Abyssinia & top Zaoditixy Details re attitude of Brit>SQvt> toward r Cordiality of native Se other offi* oials en oeoasion of Tiait to Aby inJg^ ^ Oon»at Aden> Present GoTt* of Abyssinia Sc notes en the j^olitioal situation in that oountxy* Reoent attenipt of ths deposed Aby^ sinian Prince Li J Yasn to regain his throne* ' Politloal situation in ibyssinia« Reports rumor in capital as te growing differences between Raa Tafari and Gouncil of Ministers i Death ef former Eniiress of Abgrsela: i Died in palaee at Bntette Peb^ll^ 19 IS i^ere she has been held a political prisoner for past 16 months* folitioal sitnatioft in Abyssinia* Report re-« J J [ Revolution broken out in Abyssiaia*t Moslems attaoicing thft Ghy^gti^ j Govt* and Brit» troops being geat- there froro Egypt ♦Requests send above message to Parish Gwvt & ■ I ■ Dec* 28 •peace Mission Am»Mi89ion# \ fgEL>26»6pm ne ^i #269 1919 op: Xloo' ren #282 May 1 9 | HB 00 #329 Qct.l IIE GO TuisHftBy (Am>High $ n $i aiasioner} '^^ y/^' f -1 n.^ \i II iS .2^3 Rumor of Moslem disturbance in Al s inia»Br it > troops being sent rti details not yet available* bles in Abyssinia bronidit ab Brit* in order that they might over country «etc* T!JL\ra:.T,r re \=^ Coi^fideriti pcitr. f Apr>£0.2X^ Political situation in Abysainisu . Ras Safari v Prince Regent and Pro wn Prince planning way to diamiaa e'M vcmer the Fituarari Hapta GiorgiSt Min* of War> Reports re- golitical situation in Ab A ,. es m Abyi Reports call from representing f ^. can Z i' H >? 't ^ •» » ihta^^sts ^ ^'- tT^ eamst tr: rioBai' inte .it>W ..^sM^J:^^^^ vnx 9^s^: ■ JiiMtLik •iiT^- - -'«»« 1 »V'~ ■ » "7^' -f — . ii*t • r/v X N LIST OF PAPERS- Ioe« AW •♦•♦■ Subject: 2^11 mt'W*^ L-i i':«- M ^_ O A m] DAI Bthif ^ ian Ohristia l Feb. 17 n Sympathy A ssn* ne SUB No. ne PURPORT Am. Heligeoua disturbance in Abyssinian lod by Mad Mullah in behalf of TurMsh religion or (Jovt. Asks r ^104^ t iC^ :.t..;i.ioni?.? that Pres# interefere in defense of Abyss in ia# A4^,#365 ristJ p.n^^^' -'^^'^^''t re rQliti;i^ris r'igturbances le iis sociati ^n ' by Mad '.lull ah. Lept> acknov/lep;8S nL I « liar»31# ' no oo I ett er r.ientioninr a — • Aby ssinian Military Affairs «Lit tie iSouthard) hange in- ♦ Info ma Uqr ^^o^ ne ^C 106 thar T on 1921 I fl07;-'7 force (Scequipm ent of Abyss in ians* The Abyssinian Ci vi l V/ar oi" 1916« D etailed re po rt on» which re sulto i n removing Prince Lij Ya^^u from thr one > irreat Britain r:nr{ Ab^^r,sinia«j^ib>i cation of riroceeilin^s 'of • "^^ sin ian Oo""r)orat ■ on, in the co''-^Tse ''■"■'" 1 ch "^^ r 1 r.n ^^e r r. nn oii n c e '^ his f*>»-i Tnn,;! ^oae into V- e o::ter"oris m r>V'~i--^'t- i0 aeh:''^ iir"^ed to ^i o no b^- the l^.C f reat Brit, in nliinninT to :.b?^orb the ■■*- . mm '^oii.'it.'r". 'Jo- ^^Inint of ./"^'^nch 'lov-t "? c^ ' r * -4- >^ «*> 1 J > !> an SIS r It • :^i':hor it leg hcive bro-von r ^>^o^^n nt bot'^^eon r^^^at -•-I '^ v-^ri o «-:! on T ^ '^ "J TT Vi r- .-^ V, -^ ''■^ to do 'vlth it. etc* Reported oaptnre of Prince Li j ' YaMiy pf Abyssinia^ "Reports re-« Political Svents in Abyssinia. J Abygsialan tlttiationtE#pQrt • tw—B Qt»Brltaln»FrattagtItalyt partition AVyflni>> Forwiardlng report by aallo ' iMitroets to inrastlgatt dlser— tly R*^ rt port owotmlBg abgra. Ba- paat to Lo#Aoa» ^- Reports tliat Oro Brit#aiiggaata a tripartita, afcyee ment to Fran ce & Italy by which arma supplied t Abyssinia should be limited. France A Italy have not yet rep* lied» Ho basisyfor report> Hoted to 884 isyf' llleged tripartite agreement betw* Italy, Grr. Brit. & Fr# Can find no ] foundation for report-- • Counsel lor of Fr. ^^nb. states knows of nothing oi sort & F«0» offic states no agreement betw* three countries since one of 1906 e ting recent understanding to pre vent importation of arms into Abyss inia> note^ to 884>llg * r-v •I ^' ■/• •'^^«*^ ; ' ] LIST OF PAPERS. Page 5* "'•', Suijtci: -?.?A?itAp.^.A?_??_?i?!!!,.?i? Abyssinia 113 1922 ^. |: '*•• ( ^ ^ ^1 » 4 FROM— AdesaCrossI ...3zi DATE. Mar . 8 ne TO- He SUB No. PURPORT. Agr eemen t. . r e a ched. . by G^r ea t _ . Br it a in , ... -?!? anoe. . and . i t a Jy. . with r ej^.r d to _ tJbL9..j»rtiti.on..af .AbjTs^^ jOlY ed. . .on .a j^ue s t_i_ on _o.f _f ew m ont ha ieXQ-?.e ..openc^t i_on wi^^ {Qrtmwt .Cffl:.-Qf.AbxssJni^a..Saggesta__a^^ bill.ty...of .j)i^ci.ng..Am. re^^ .eL..ag«^n.at...Mi9..Abeba,.^ fQOTAtiQn.T.ft-#.i35Li2iLNj^ lA^Z.^. ^.Apr...6 It#&..lQhild) tl6?.Jtte ta. < llS.^ftop.Q.aM.pjftr.tAtAojgLiag^.oi: Abyasij^ .....Mty.t..-Gkr.fBT.lt..»Fx%-,..it.-ItaIy.«J>^t# -^P-t.«_-i5JQOli5WJi..i8i()py.x):f .aaI>a--Te,- . - . - _ Abyjgjs.ljgilA, .OJGL . vhlcli . Attampi- made ......t.Q-.5JbL(W..2jlJi©j5..flf..allsgeA.pax-tl:ti ..-.iaejQLt.«-JD©p.t*.jBncI.oflsa.fii]|)leB--X)^- ._. __QQiwamlQa.t.ioiw..wllli.BrjLt^-Emb^- J^Y I rQ.-AiDL*.-muni-tionfl- .T©ferr0d.-to-ln Apr,*„£0 PrJIfefi^, yi»_ 256 I 11J5_J articles in wbstoti^tstop (ta^-^^- ^- Apr • .6 J Gr.gm.. JH^^ L -I12(..ciQ. do do.dQ I l...(HM4ey)_._M..we..ia X.Aprv.e Ade>^ #--(CrP8.sJ.iiw \ < i^js til iJWirn ne iial \ ^ er..tiBPrQpQftftd-.partl.tlQnlng.Df. Abyasainia .U5..!-.....b^-.GrjLBrita^Fr^-&-ItaIy..B6p-t^-in .forma .ftubatanoQ.talA-.cabled^-to .Fr*^GriLBriia.ib-Italy—who-pepiled .only .recent negatiations-taten .plaQe.hetw*. .three--^Qi'.la«...with re .tQ.itby.aainia-relate--ta-limitation of .tratff io- in-.apmay^-D^t^ ^nolo .aaa-.aopy-a3tetolim^-^-2 -photostat -eoplea.-Qf may-r -pr-epar-ed -by Dept. .on jRhioJi. attempt- made to -ahow Xinafl-jof-alleged-projdeted -parti -tlonmentf-jglth -reqnast-oor-r-eet - jona-jof -copiea -af -Dept?-8-aa^ ifc TB-tum-to— Dept«- ■t*O..Q-f-lftiyr.tM^fto.oiL.at-lll.»ii^ t.l.atedby. ijlf.oimatiiDn..J0btaiiied..ha .TO 8.ta.te8..l.tal.laji..Go_Tt.^^ first to oppasa and woni^ yj^w W.l-th .disjfatfir ajoy .oontMiplatad-.al .tera.ti.oQ..of..preaant..palltlcal -ata<* r 116 f M ita^Oblld} 18 l?f^!^.1i.A9.!^!^.!'^...9f.. Al9;8f.i&.iit t TO Italian Gor t •would be first to €^ f^™.*....fr9.^..9*8i»J?9..All^]rtsl|ila 1?aa..l'.!l[X%..l^a?^.4..P.P..a^..^..\)!!i^ % • ^IIT ^ it^JjKOunthar j .»iy..i.5 lta!L.^A.^.\.9!^X!K.P.f...Alqr».s inia a^.l_Ql^...o.f .j^.a_.8Ul.l..n^^^ i % f anNl..jf£ft»..IIji8^.ia..aet..alt4>§Mlit7 • V-v.. ' 1 LIST OF PAPEIRS Pagtt 6 * : / 1 ■ :; 1 1#^ Stdied: l'J?.lJAL?^..flL??«4r8 _ln_^^ raoM— c DATS. Jttae..l3..IiOfi^n.f-.(3)cini]a^ -— ne.-Wf .3a.j|o TO— SUB No. ::z FUIPOIT. Slay©. tradtog^.& arms, tra_f^^^ t..of.A^,7Ssinia.oon43radio.tiBg^ iS:CXB..Ji:^.-jt....BepJtjt„oonsA.(ierfl..-l_t. lnMvi-Qafel.Q..to..inak$..use...Qjf..a.Q.t9... :f.Qr...tte..pres53.encl.Qsed.in.-.4e5pl. 15087. y .J.\m^..-L8 .-I-tily.J2Qi X.-imjs-12. X 118 lI6._irfiPMQi.-par.tl.tAQa©Qnt...Qf..Afcyflflinla. ..Jxp.Qr.t..Qf..arnis..frQm..UA3A-'-tQ.Jttyafl ..laA.-]feptii..ftu.tiiQri;sQft..fiimiah.-^igno; ..r..Guarlgli.a.-¥fl-th..aQpy.-Qf.-DaptAa.-. .J)api:«.-.QaHa..attQntiQn.-ta..arrar-Qf ..atataD©ait..in..2nd.-paragrapli.-Qf-dQsp .-#SQ7-jL.i)e.ptjL..saQlQaaa..aQpy-daajiA-„fr ..Qm..CiL(z*LLQndQn..jL .—. JLdan-.#r.lCrQaa) i Ilfi.-i^rQpQaLad.-partitlQnmant-Qf.Aliiiasinia. jift.wa-.Sa .do ' L-J)apt>-BJio.lQa.aa--aapiaa-Q£-oaii4immloa ..tiQiLa..frQin--Ital^-4S:-G:r*BEit«— ^i^i.-h -tan-d-tQ-indioata-a- laa^-o£- conf : ..tioii-of-rajxar-ta-^a-ta-.tha^.'-i-Jiep.t* -jiat.-ta-isaue -praaa-natijae - suggeat .jad-b-y— Q«-G*.»LQndon#- ?P-?-?. .?® ^® rl 9^.^ 3l^.^. 8r?iy. AJ?j?.9. 5ia 1 1 n r ejgjard i ng a. n agw em ent for part It ion p f f^]Bt^ ?.^ a?t y.^.® -%j6?.® ® 4. A J?. .% A®. ?A.r.'S. to J?.^T.Q ?j&^.^- -^h ©. .?-• ?.?Jral JSPT ernine n t aJ°4. i^-i.n^. i^i. T^.? s.i. ]^a y . i.9. -4.0 a o A 8. -^Z s^npP.lyA Qg. J? at ral. a]Di th p^ 1 1 j with arms* ^ 119 G:rv.'Drit,_.i^l469._.J_ J^^^ 'Ersip.Qa..Qd..i^r.ti.tiQix.Qf...Ahjcsainia-ba (>y.^.^l_*^r_i S 1^.0 MenICro68)^9 " [ J. .^.® .^-® -P.P. J9.?r. ..QrA..Brl-t.**?rit..AFRT^IIEI.-£MKQAl: .pu"hIiahad-.in-:Earia^..gEaatar-paEti .dav_Qtad.-tQ..-4liy_s.ainia«..— toansmita .HaadliQQlC- . an. Ala;;: aa inia - .jxrepar-ed -undi .e-r-.dlraatlaa.jOLt.-Hiatarlcal— Saet#^ ■Qf-P-».Q#— Qon tain 1ng-C Qx:i.laa-af— treat ■iaa-bata^-A,by-aai.nia-^-i;ur-ap9a&— - .p.a2/-3 ?.^^r_t h e r E.v i d a nc 8 . .of _ £o nc 1 us i o n . .of . . and' Italy, re Abyssinia. roT5osed^""pa5'Trt'tOT£ffi$ntr'"Df Eric I OS e s " "c otj^" "of 'nTe m o " T ©"p ortr lii^ '^ iM. Jul^'' j<_ _ q u oris .- s"i5:i"Tiia 9ul)'s t'an c'e " ' of ' "c'o'nv «r s a t" i "d!i sbertwer^m ■iil"'an""bTfrcraT"of"Itairan--F;-0;"re' .-.J44J3. Pept.ie Ne we pi etc. Prop OS al "to par t i t i on "Aby s s 'i n£aV Negotiations re Jubal&nd"'b"ave"bee n held up owing to italTan demand that a large slice of additional territory be handed over to them I and baoause Italian present iona ri &yiiJ?_Q-eiep$.?Ai?..J?aap]ir<^^^^ ue-n4-ie-.-etov \- . 'iT LIST V OF -4 PERS. 7 4 l.w|JJi..4 •«1 ^ ^ 1^ FROM— Ad^n #33 (Davis) P P«?2 Sept_,^>9 >!e..co.jp_i SUB No. PURPORT. .?. ?- 1. ^^.^.93.}-. .9 P^^. iA i 9J^. 9 of. JJtPy.P. s .i.?lia .?iS?:i-?^. A A?-t"y:?-^.6c|: •. ■ !©. c e n t .app_o i nt jll?.9:t - P. f. - .3 P. ?li - 0. f. .?.e d ia zma t ch . .Gab r e s^ \ .? 6.1 l.?i?.i - -"t. _ .SP V e r n .s pme _ _p.a ?.t s . .Q.f 124 im^ MSft^DaTisi #W P. }) e. . .? . is?.?, ,. . cay s e o. f . the. . .t.F.O.ub.L a> informat ion re-» .HOT.t.t ■«..PJl k • >^ - 125 11923 A4-m.M3. ilan.^.l? ?-PlA-t.4.jrjat-.-tJPift>Llar.- ni .nflBMo Sto* .ne c.o_j)i Rop o_r t e d . Un re s. t . . i.n . ."^"bys.s i n i a «. . . . .Rep.o r iBavisJ. 8. - . «L . .ace. or d i n^ . .to . .r uCiQ r s ^ . .Baa . . . . - .?.a.f.ar.i ,. . .Princ.e . .Ifegen t;. . .of . .Al)yg.8_i n a ,. . .ha s , .re.qu e s.t.e.d. . .ass. i s t ^.c.^. . .o. .f . .B.r.i.t.# . . .Gov . t •. . . in , .f o.m. . .o.f . .t.r.o op.C. i»i» i t i.o.ns . _f Q.r . .use . .in . p.a r.t s . .p. f .. c o.un try. _ .whe re _ .ant i.r.T.af ar.i. . .fe.e.l.i: .JHQ.s.t. . .ac.u.te . _ .0.?. . . . P.ro.v incj.e . .o.f . .Bdijrr < 126 LteBoii.) J 1 Hft aa.aa .jil a.r.......Eep.p.r ts .Prince. .LJJi,'^^ .ftB.l.d . .i.n . i^'.e.a t . .f .av.o.r . .i.n . .^by.as i.n i a( :Eat.ea on t-h» ^itoati^m iu - Abjpft»li|i ^ 12.7. lL(^^Cl^.y.is)L#l56 .- .p.at.- 25^^. ne -ea -pi ?.4-tr!.*W.ife(ein.s..o.f..Pi3.(ig.Q..Bro.thfir«» Re.p.ortlrrerthe grant.ing. .of..Tftri concessions or iTionop.olieB..along TTiany different lines ^ ^n^ f^jao r %h^.. . .V ^ry. . a.nn py i.n^ . .Q.UiB.t.oms- . TB^guli t.ionfi.»FY.e.ry..p_r.o.T-i)lO-9--ha5..±U s ©.t. . .of _ ra.of f i c_ial._.c\jijB.t.oniJ5- . Mile K \'^3...^.].Q.]J! ne ;^ 129 *3tear I Bov. 7 ne ea j>i KJ...P.ep5.5 y .A..bb--x» in?..ny..time.8.»Qreajt..nMiL.fx)r.-n^S^t h^ye a repr.e.s.e.nt&.tlY.<5-.ln-.AbyBfiin 002/ ^' Disturbances -in-AbyseiniftirPesires-to kncrat-.if-thare-were-a-ny -----during June^July,-l-a.nd .A.ug^3r&^3r--whi-ch --^•j H.C.Wilhelm & Co 128 .W-QuId-dnter-f-er-e-:wiitk— sh^ipnente, 9^?^.ossAoiis..te..Abjrs.s.inlA»..^ P.?. .ton .million. fraatta»..jrfl!t..2Q .M(mQfpo.l3r..f.or.jiaatQhfta-.glTftn..tQ--a .9.Q#...».3Q(dLata..Q..QSiii6irQlale..a &idaati!lalla..d!JLb3rul2iia^..in..itfi: .Saa..3Safari..ia..pElzialpal..ato61C-li0^ Xdei[£«...£a£(UBatt2xat..a.aanoasi^sio2i liaa..liaen-.grantad..ta. A.j^jn^^ .c^..QQnt£0la.-right..ta-BjqQ03*tatiGn .OLf-fZar .aeed^-^or--E-^p»#.... -. noted. 8.84it6Q2/7. ... Disturbances in Abyssinia that woal We d interfere with American trade Governiaent does not maintain ff?^...4-.\P..*...??..???.r..?.®P'^3®ntatiTe 1 li ^n. Abjyssinia 80 is not in posi tian-t^-fttrnieh-inforraattQH-re- ? A. J ■4 1 », % J ^ \ . V.i t • '^ /i*' LIST OF PAPERS. *■ ♦ #♦ , \ Sobject: « SUB No. XJ^a_ April 8 • PURPORT. pqrta -^ with Qtyir arnor nf ^J!d \ V i K Qreat Britain #1519 (SterliBc) 3gpt*l W9 m» 136 ! Adarf 201 _iPark)_ iDeo^S aoo t- ■^v 1927 137 Ayr. 2 t I Adg fe #24 5 Aug* 12 / t's^ ne ace ArtiWle wtitlaA !'ABBYSiyiA AT Pg ClOSS ROADS" ifrom the MOIWIIIS 6f Augutt 27th » ^raneaita elip- limgt of an^"* Deaths of two great leaders at Addis n Ababa y Abyssinia on *'ec ber 4 and 11 > 1926 # Sffect on political 8ituation# Qu ote s fr articles on sub.ieot^ Has ^ lif ir il efforts and plans to build roads At titude of Abyssinian War ICin* ister towards modern things #Tai ufaioh lies before ^s ^afari» NOTE SEE 741.65/4fi Ypung) A Atta inia^ Ethlo> ivHtl %,, j^ . ^■•. vi.-l y > PaC« #• LIST OF PAPER Suh/ed: \ r *-Al23tULinla^ A 1— ao: X 140 < lAL.Ai^JtZ' A 142 1S27 1^ ? FROM- DATE Uttxiflliip) k>Q{rtLtt22 SUBNa. 1A^ Adepts (Al^ )lter*2L 192A JaiulA Jan«18 llbj^iinia (South^ I , - • V ^d) #93 PURPORT and CORHESPONdAJCB EBilOP ^ garding ^ Ethiopia.* Series o r five Oli^li^l thB^ssL^ ijQia Nov, 7 S£S BIGS 10} Afr&^a* Court of Inquiry appointed to inves- tigate recent atta c k on a British camel caravan in Ethiopia* Quotes yiQBjL gr 15 t h en titl ed ge Award" > Cause liiquiry. Pre a a u!ir mhf>r 22^1927 ment made by 890baOO/8S for Despatch # SS ia> Activities of Abys ers; a threatened attack ( ier villages nest of ♦ uuei :S!aa pioslem opposition to the new King in 1 Abyssinia* Reporting two incidents occurring during coronation week which have been used by malcontents to represent,-. One incident in- volved the killing of a number of Somali and rela ted Moslems by Ethi-i opian soldiers • The other involve the fighting between local Ara)) and Armenians in Addis Ababa ove money collection* Copy of circu! letter sent to local Legations on behalf of ifamto, b • J'flHI ilat I.J.. '^" ■ ^ • :i"TT ^ ■» «r >, "• «. ' f . . ».--^ ^-- Page 10 LISX OF PAPERS 5di/ed Political affairs - Abyssinia. V o«k o -U7, —207 1928 ^ ^ SUBN*. 148 r' A 14 9 FROM DATE Ab:^^j^inia (^puth •- ard ) #136 NE _ bv/sinia (South - ard) #138 NE 1929 Feb.9 Feb. 1 2 f' Feb 25 SUBN«w PURPORT red] taryi of the feels erttltled tn thrn-np> of thft n hRR -i TTt 1 Tna.t ftd his T'n» in?: it if hft can, h pQ] 1 ti Qal si not favor s-uf^ttec;s by him> fighting between Ethiopian chief- tains. iJJain battle betr/een the Dejazrnatoh Tay^s foroes and the Deja2m tg, h Deata Dein t ^s forces. Taye has Haile Llariam d on his aide princeling, acteriatics of the chaxii adoptive parent of Deata Dentu. Ras Tafari nfiy take definite atep in the con fli ct. NOTE: Bfl _ X K4 Conflict between the Dedjazioatches Deata Dentu and Taye. Trouble haa not reached serioua proper* tions and Demtu has reaumed hi a p lace in the province of Kaffa. The question of Abyaainian supply ia to be investigated by C ol .Francis r.Coljy^on behalf a the Po^^^axa Company^ in connect io: witn his expedition previously reported. All proper co have been acco notes: 051 . G Q lb;> D etention of tne German-It Jllo part nsar Gooiar* King Tafari willi Abyy4inia #158 (Southard ) NE Mar.5 that Geniians and Italians malce rotests to~« Has long wanted an issue with Has Gnksa, and now feels strong enough to him for his various of authority^ King at- d up the author ftmra^n^ in th( a^C 1 Detention at 1 Ne.1^ man travel lln of T^arty of Franoi aiAi uhMlll^ ^ Clain for damages to be filed* uiaim ror oamagas Such inoldants ha a s peot^of B e ing p Tafari movements* va the laclc of nr • jtTi M • •• -45 ^ . o'^; * . t\ Aige 11. f. i»> •a' , < *. r v.O. - . LIST OF PAPE •..^ h Soiied FDlitioal affairs - Alyssinia, i"'^' ;:' Nl WfWKM ^ .\ »> At .}■ 1929 ^ ? J SUBK*. / FROM— Abyssinia #158 152 Abir^si nla # 169 (Southard) Hg ^ -is out hard) m 154 sinia # 165 (Southard) 4.} » 155 DATE Mar* 5 Mar 27 (CONTINUBD) ^0. 7 SUBN*. Mar 23 aafcnia # 168 (Southard) iU A-i86 Inla # 174 J (southard) Mar 26 Note PURPORT >' discipline because of laok of arms sMid aiamunition for equipment^ the importation of which is re** s t rioted by Britaiiii^ France and Italy* Central Government of Et hiopi a fcs nevertheless makinj prog r ess* HQTESj M m rainy pftaaoti. Abandonment of proposed Fr t or expedition from A( to Cairo* King Tafari would riot 512 Apr 2 4 » w Apr^ na ''t V 4. guarantee unmolested passage to an bord sionary upgED; ea Insubordination teats of Poet member dar» Y. the~> noi Ilsws Item of Hermann Jfo: trave ing throat Abysainia» Coninent on oharaoter of Herman Norden* Oopy of despatoh to HEW YORK TIMB8 on political situation and sla^a trade* ISCXTED: OS^lforden.H 91284/ Dentention of touriats in Sthio- pia by provinoial chief 8> Brit- ish I^egation m&. t Qurt treatment of attempt t •412 Settlement of troubles in south- western Ethiopia* Reports tem- porary «-r Death of Haile Mariam to — and removes obstacle to fari*s rule* / < ■• '4*1 - \ !3E iv*«^ :J^.f^5,-?>,^^^-"a'«^3e^g^raSRg*^^5f^^ % i^^ 12 • LIST" OF PAPE Subject: Politioal affkirs > AbyssinU ^ 4 jQ } 1929 ? SUBN*. >CiM Ab^^inia #181 ^~rSou thard) NE \ FROM DATE ADr.l2 TO- I ^ofii SUBNtt. PURPORT Detention of the Pruffer -Porta *\^ party of Ger man and Italian diplomat a near Gonda and protest to central Ethiop ian Government » It ia reported the offending sub or dinate of Ras Guksa is u arrest and en route to Addis Ababa J for which both Qerman Italian Ministe ^g rlw^T q credit Obsenrations on financial as influenced^ by actions with Ras Qi^ aa« confluents on Italian strength in Ethiop ia mTKi 76^4> ii:« ^ • !• ait H Mi July \ ka^ g V , \ \ 7 •— pftg» 18 mrs yiik.'!.'.^.; ifiriliMJi'*-*^"^'--*" iiM^ ■rfaite i^to^ *<-:• that the y were deported thra nhfm thay >^^ ftff^ nied^ from igarding a punit i ve expedition to be seot against the Dahkalig. under the leadership of Raa Guksa, irma and aamunition received from Italy will be uaed> fi«ra loalag obaraoter of BalBoadl Fraa^ nho flOTilfcJLg Tiqw AtoaaABlA aad ita wr i liiai tflti ■ata diaMsitiOA aaostf Uiar^iMPa aa»ag mpWMM ^. ., ..., „. >^...,.^^..^afc*>aA. otSkJ •i&i^iMaiiiMi 1 t • it , .^ «* ,-> LISX OF PAPERS f y Sulitct V » / yPLlglOAL AIMJM - ABTaanu *^.. »" / ./ 1—207 <, 164 Aby.»07g X121- FROM— \ DATE Oct. 24 IiQY.22u Nov>36 XJi Z ^^4 Abyssinia #306 (South^^rd) Abyssin sinia #515 o utha rd ) NE Deip.l4 TO — im SUB No. TOTE PURPORT Sep 884.404/20 for j^ 280 from Abyss- inia (Southard) regarding eision of the pressnt Itchigus aeespt ths Tacant bishopric an ishop ill he dim- NE yra Dec. 28 / 584^14 , fori ?M Inia (Snnthard) regarding the poss^' sequences of the death of Has Nado. theQ-overno JToI Brigandage on a large scale has hrok* ^ en out in northern Ethiopia>King is tplclng meaeureg to combat it but so far has met wi th no Bucceas , Unless goon quelled, politicg.! coneequenc- tO; Declaration by King Tafari that a state of war darts ts in northern es may ensue. Ethi state of war^artsts in hioTDia. DeM*ee. Pft'hftninrt 1r> nnrt-he'^'" F'*'>>l^pla >- with the joined and that the rebel a,re well provided with Xif Do; Inforning; of development connection with the rebel lid^>with particular reference to Ras Volie and Ras Guksa Arie* sa !• f \ f r ♦ > ' '■•V ^^ ». j^- - » y .' r -^ ~^__^ }- f LIST OF PAPERS i< * . /' Suhf ^1 Bolshevik Apt Iv I ties - Abvsslnla ) 4 •-•» X - 7^1^^^- s: FROM— la »3g52 Coleman Ife?L_7 in ia ifi^ed (Soatharcl) 11^ 1929 ^spa.ES SUBN*. PURPOET ^ QtlvltUa of thft tlo onfldentlal CTOTE BEE Itme 17 from At)y88ln la July Zl (Soatbard): Feodor A» QhimaQslcy, a member of the Oommisslon to study the. preposed free port area and road In Abyssinia^ is charged with being a Bolshevilc agent in Bolshevik pay » _ aQt ivjitiftfl J Ti E tbiopia* A.d- vls ^ of the flaPfp l H fHi4i TTO i%\v s% m ' m en: Yonoirpffmfi niitfebaftt|v4i4e the labst: tntion of •#*• tjons ffrr forTn ey yrano h helnooa i asiL-a^lgn Pr> f^avrlloy - ous ting h b1a >G SEE 864 > 6461- Ethiopia JELl^ 4»»^« L ake T X ,/ #• • • r' •\» . r _-'«^- »' *■ »}«' ^ .»' ^ - ^- • :% M' ■'■ .*• - . U * v^. ^•».^ 4 - 4 .1* V!- 'W #1^^ 'f 'I k • » •I* ' \. I page 1 OF PAPERS J*C« ki: .-■s \ \ %J 5iiiyed rihlft-P TiyyAi I { f -"C--1 •OTnuntKirr pmurrofo orricv: itM 1 — 207 .Xv_l FROM— DATE TO — SUB No. PURPORT ^ 1 I g for # 2 ty govemed "by Irtg tn thft ^ - •! C7 »• (»• LIST OF PAPEIRS JWf .j9L.i:0xal Jto.pr»a«ZLt..aL.glf'.t...tJOL..t]ia.jnl^^ •♦< »'{• toJt>i)tlL-.tlia dBpMaa.ahd.Pjriiioa. B0gan.t^..BllvaT.Jk>osiX..tu3L.ba preaBiit^.aa.glin.-ta irx)tad^093^11^B84«^ OOfi^OflSiyoO^L^flOOaV'. b 0: First y o luae of se t , in s c r ibe d by ; the P r e s ide nt • uct*26 f. ?< 19.2.8.. UEUQ 1927 Aoifc:. JSee .123 Sp.J^^^ ts.int^appr e. . ( s puth art^ . .Oct • 26^ i 92 7 .re^ardini^: . ..G4Jtt.8.tp..be..p.re^^^ by. . Mini s.t.e r s.ojycb h ard . to. . .^ap.r e s.s / an^.PriJice Jiexi^nt. -Of-Ebhio^^ .Abjs.sinia.i^. L 4....-lPr.esent at.i.pn ..of ^^^^ CSputhard) xtS.. I I .and.thej^ince^.R^^ i I GijPts ..ajro. be.inj&..f^^^ St.A.«..i»partBieirfe.ijA.n«M J?:.vi^J....^....i.PrQppsal .that..preaentfl..b9..l5exlt..by- l[ea^.E.ft8teTn I I I L...the.^e.5id$nt .to .tbs.Erapr-ess. and Affairs. - iWadfffroxlth.) I : ! j. ...the.Pr.ince.Hegent of. .Ethiopia^. to| . ...be .pre.aentQd.by..toji...Soiithard n< 'J ^..jaapt...4 sinia..TBl#9 8.pi la... A ... .folloirinc..the..pre&entati0n..of..hi8 .....letter .of ..credanca* Praaents -f or -tlie- Bnyasis.-aaid^.JLlLa.-- .. -Prin0a..Eegent..of .JLbyaslnia^. ...Dapt ....defiiraa...tQ.-laiQw..wl]atber..tlia.??..l3sar< . ...been^racai^red^ 13£: . ^ w k :^ /■ f • • » / • ♦ ■• *aC/«M Me* t *. • ' % V LIST OF PAPEIRS *. - • ..>./.• •^^. ... • »' I ^ -r'. i ■; • , ^ •? ,vi:. r .f * * ' • 4. Sukfed ,-'^ \ '. ^. -*. PURPORT J ■ ■* ThB^jsL V *«* ^ •j q^tmre pfttited Jme 21rd» git 1ft will be 'fgln^t Hajgent Pleni tentiary and Heir to the Throne of lthiopia»« - ^ ■ !>♦ ; Keer) Department InfTiied •f any aetien centenplated ^ ether f f^^ representatively and whether it ie expected that new King will be fo'* lioitated by fereign Chiefs ef State • : Cenourre nce in recenaendatians as made by ether fereign represent- ative! that felicitations be wired . te His Majesty King Tafari> Quotation of message to be de- livered to Tafari on behalf of President Coolide;e> in c a se other Chiefs of S tate telegraph f el ici- tations. Ru mors of contemplated abdication of Ithiopian throne by Empress Zeo- ditu in favor of Prince Regent Tafari* Observations on^-^ with reference to the conflicting ad- ministration forces in the Govern- ment and the waning influence of followers of the J^ihe ress* It is locally rumored that abdication ha s already been agreed upon» Refer- ence also to the alleged forcing of' Eraprees's consent to recently sign - ed It alo -Ethiopian amity treaty. NOTSS : 765.8411. '^ oronation of Tafari Makkonnen as Kin i of Ethiopia* Quotation of message for President Coolidge from Tafari acknowledging meetings on occasion of,-* ^~ ~ ~"~~^ IhMT •^Iff WiMlOM bar* talcan la riLoh it proMMy a final ttog \%^ •twiag of tha oroim aipiray of Btliiopia 1, "v^ ^rm T ^iA? :f r'-'^f^ r, ■i * 1 [l':'-: 'r. M I « I ♦«; LIST OF PAPERS JKEK 0181 « • ■ Sahjed : »«-.. SUB No. . s , ^ 14 15 F. FROM DATE JUPd) 469 A»Lt2ip>^&apt 2d ___ ■ #72 __$flpt.27 SbCthard) WE Oct • li sinia ( Southa rd) Qot 8 / X" ift X 19 X(nt_2 Nov .17 SUBNk PURPORT Cll HOTS the - ^«« Coronation of tafiarl as King» ^ py of note from Foreign 0; giTin g officia take place on Oot#7» Ofj-j to Ilia Majesty Tafari Makonnan^ ling. Regent KLenipotantiary and Heir to the Throne o See 765^8411/13 for fl9S8 from •i» ^ews of i coronation of of Ethi ha ppy augury Abyssinian relations • Tafari as King of thft )) __5 HDTE the day» — the ^m t o the new King by v •■#« A ohflngR emment will prohably take plaoe wherein the Searet QounQila will with the Ppde eftains that t Bee 76B>849 ^oa Italy (Tittm^nn) regarding 971 from NOTE t I tft l- See 884.0011/6 for #1X from Abys- sinia ({:>outhard) regarding charge made against King Tafari Idakonrien] J^ifif ress Zeoditu enoe to press poi soned* artlc M es recouni Ihi ' Hit JJ. ^SP "^- ■.'«!«p.BiM% iiin«i«-» •mm*^'^mm>m.-wvnr*ift»'.^ yymig-»? ?IP»»^ mummm m mmm ^H\- ^ y »■• LIST OF PAPCRS fcg« 4 \W %.r iK . ' • • •»: ^ ■• Sal/mi > * « < . Tafari, Kin^r^f Ethiopia ( r. (fOH 884.001 I •]! rt):* 4 -,i;*» »i« 01 SB .1 < I) i'* i ■^ X^ laza _ .Abysflin ia (South- ard) # 140 !TE ) Jan 14 Feb 15 thft r^lft-fclir^ g-h *p Qi-rtR presented by the Department - t.n thft -Rmpreas Zeoditu and Pri Tfi-Pflrj of -^thiopifl. RAporta p sentjTTg fiilve and a set of national .x I*-'- •'...I'A.' ^ 4 ^ • V S "^ - -* . ' , ,' ♦ - -. ,*.'.* \.' ' 'T- • • ; ' * •• ."• •« « . ••''?* - \' **' ■"^ri^,. -/. V'. "*'. ♦*• ^^ y > • • -.^ • -k -»■-. >• ►-•1 .. •• ! <,.;...-. » M -t ' 'V'- ■.. .^V. * ►' .. ._t. ^J t* If, ^- .. .A. ^'^^ >^^^JiS.\ IfilMtL ' 'v I » -X: c. / '%■ LIST OF PAPERS •I-* V /■ ' .. • ,« FtOM— ▼U)ff4 Ft¥«K> ¥e"to pi !»«; TO— SUB No. « PUIPORT. U« to tiii PMiiidM^ of tliitW ?.^*J!f5lll-^.J^j^-l?.?.JIi^^*.f-.fcf--Aj^ si\ »-r V' X (t.ug.,...E£ ii(i^i.v.Ls-)^'-- •B «a o: ■« >j «??»Tv f .•!2*^^.«!^^^^..^^ A ^ i 1924 I)- 9.t t e r . a_ddr-e.SLaa_d . .1 a . .tiio. . -lia^-te. . .p.r-^^i^ ei .P-ly-.to..letter_.l,.o..la±.e..Jl£i5ixt3jo-t.-^ . P?. 7A s . . t .0 _ a d d r e s_s. . Jin..i!-*i:.»-.i':L'?P..tr5.nsmit_s..Ii^ banicinr: houses. '^ - n #183 -Jan* 16 ne 3a -oi / X 2 .or ■xr^ll r%rA Indiiatri P.1 ..Ins-ti-txLte. ^ .- ...(Ipbert i""-- wt on 1 aa-iie sent- Has -/'^ AbygsiT^ia-p1aTTnin£;-ta-Yialt — - Fiiirope-xmcL- desires -tO— ¥1811;- - .Ainerlca^lf - - dnvl-tad«- - ^^sQi«m-ts- iX)ufiy--jof---let-ter- -t-g-i^eaidqnt — - aui^ge^tiiag- - -tlaat- - liwrXtatiozir - W o;iteM.©A..t.Qr'. .k »^ <■ ? .. y^J Apr .19 .sn d . .I.n^du 3 1 r i^.l. J.ns.t i tu.t.e.f . . . . .ne. . . 2 InfpriEe...^..Po.3i.t.i.0.a..Q.f...pj5P.s^.ti^^ ..-.r.olati.v.e...t.O-.-tiie...ei>-Qy.e.-. .:-.....:.. X t 3 iderrt . ^Vnr#M ><^-k*ijgritl-.9. 4 and Indus tr la -1- .Aj0r..J84 J....i'rom.M)>-ert-.S.,.jto.t.aa..oil..Siis]5;e^.e J..-..l.ii9-ti.tu.t.e-.r.o.:>3jC-.er.t-.Hfi^Qt.Qn..t-a..1ibfi..Pr.eBiiI^^ na L^^oposed visit, of _Pr^ .PrjSsid^it.t ne 3 InstitutQA tlianlsB . . for. . l.^^.t t er • ><^l Feb^_25 V/inciBster He- 4a .Gtti.f t . f or . Ra s T af f ari ». .??.i ^^.9.©. . .??.§?? pe.atlfig . Arras Co* fa ba .Qf..Al?3rs-sijiia...jaQqaSL§-te.4..to...a9.ad. IiIadQl-lQ^.-GallliQr..4Q1^..8Lftlf..lQad .iag-rifAeiL....GiYes..directions..f (y ii.??e zurz ....shlpnont.-Qf.— .a ftmnohas and IfldiTiduals of tha a**«» P.l«».6«.t. . .^Bttd op_^^ Connants and otearvations on«*« ZauditU* f afaranoa to t£a iAo^oM IJn daiith of t&a iG$r t^' (^BB-PAGR-2-): i=rar -v liiiaiiiiJitaiiiriMlriiyiteiiaifii I \'--' t ..■ l^ge 2. »< r » LIST OF PAPEIRS '? ':• ■ 1 ' -'% Sukjtd Royal family of Abyssinia. 1—307 1928 O FROM Ab3{f>^nia #100 (Southard) NE K 7 ^'- 8 ^ Alj yaslnla * 308 | Dec>2Q ( 9Duthg-d) DATE Nov. 17 1 929 Feb 9 SUBN«w WT& JOL *. •• ^. /•» ' .*;.''' V' PURPORT Charges made against King Tafari Makonnen, baised on his alleged effort to have his mother-in-law and the Bapress Zeoditu poisoned Reference tc press items and articles recounting alleged exper iences in Ethiopia of an Armenian calling himself Dr.Alejcandre Ga r»bedian^ possibly a medical student really named Der^^i^ian* making charges against the King* Statement of actual facts sur* rounding Garabedian*s activiti 156*^rom I in Ethiopia. NOT See 664 niop 148 for y- ssinia (Southard) regarding fighting between the Dejazmatoh Taye^ a {governor in the province of Guimira^ and the Bejazmatch Desta Demtu, a {governor in adja" cent province of Kaff and a son- in-law of Kinr: x'afari, Cornmnets on characteristics of the centra figures^ including Haile Ilariam Lemma ^ of the coyal line of Sol- omon, and Has Ifado^ a powerful member of the Ethiopian nobility and adoptive parent of Demtu« unc plane crash w\} viait to the rebellioui r^^ '■'>■. » V 3: rl % » , .-f '■ J. 4. "t .> ■i :*. ' :^5 \?. ^ 'TK S^ .^' . V '•'tf. ^,t r V >* - -'• V **rv T r ■f- % • c« r J' ♦. r *■ • * f >♦ 4. ^ ■■•; i :r /■ .r» •5 f>- i /•v f- I- «» y •f r'* . ». *> A •♦ • * Vt '.►. y , »• •..V A r ^ "", S »\ ^. » f ■:^*\^- '-^M .-v •.V ■•* #> ' :j^ ;*• .* .' <• ^^ ■ H ••> tV i '. ',' ^ ■r .rj '*-. '- ■£i; } *v» A'- '^ •1 : :> <•.«•* • I .'/. .« ^ " :•'*. .<' •V ^* ■V ', ^.r V ,'^^. -r. ,-»;J ,/< ^-l 1/ V. .> -i •^ /r-.^ 5:^ r • •V u> "^ir »» V ^ » f. •*»• 1 - 1 *:.' A a^ . w • < ;r. '._•'►. * > 1 / \ »*i s i : ^ Subject: Cabinet - A>ygt1nimt « : + FROM: DATE. TO: K ^ Abyasjuia f 82 1 2 7 Abyssip^R Abyssinl ^^83 8/26/10 Jan. 9 SUB N«. PURPORT. I ^iit^ of memberfij Minister of JPalace ehsngfii. #84 May 23 X— ^ Abyfilnia /< 4 At))tiiiaia X 5 • % n #282 R»portP changftB_ln» do do — --— %^ Oot 26 nf Appoinipant of Ba3<4ta Haroui-a> X 6 1928 Oot 9 Diraotor Ganaral of Forai Affair* ^tfe 4^^1a-of **Ba>itan aheta"*. •V* to raplaoa Baj:^lana Ma^ dos^ IfRo wi IT r aausa post of Diraotor of Posts and ' MOTE SeeWlTifSi^fari/l? for #76 froi 1929. Abyssinia ( Southard ) regarding taaderat^fiding of B t hiopi a n tains that they )^uld be mena^en of a real cabinet headed Kassa as Priioe Minister* «*^ K 7 ■Kl' Oct.23 NOTE ^ee 093.512/231 for f 279 from thard) ragar conferring of the Legion of Ho: SeronTL^ Director General of foreign Af' fairs in line with the Kri policy for g ain ing far or i XthioDifiin Oovernment. • «^ /-> 'A- . '. . ..X • \ . 'cc I ^ c t ■*<; ^ •»'^.^ / V "» ^, M ^ >'t. * 1 a i ?:.r 'V ,. Tf-. < k •^ .• .. •■; i. f « ' t^ • . ,- •I' »» c^' '-%. '^.' */• '-^'\,' '/ ^ V. ' ■» > . » » > V '^^^ '^ ''. ^ :* ■» _*. 5 .^- /•♦. "^ i:V ^ -^ - f ^ J ^-v .i^f^ ^, t ' •\ -- <-^ r^.- ... .^ ■ r' '5 rf ,-^ 'V 4 •• v. .■^ • '•■#? r - ^. - . *•• ./•■ "*. 0-. . i i*c r" %. :■*■ r • I > . , f *>_ v it t n tJM:. ^w '-■' JACKS? CASE LIST OF PAPERS .♦#♦• I Subject: G0T9 4i|| t >nt - -tbysflinia^ 19E2 i FBOJH b • DATE (Crosa} A SUB No. 7 r iv; ay 12 L1926 ilOT j) : PURPORT. See" 741*65/15 for ^1006 fr^m (xr 3at Britain(oterling) , Regard- ing: Anglo -Italian Vgreement with rega -d to ibyssinia* In- forms of rumors in reryird to putting into affect a new kind of mandate under League of Nations for ,lby ss inia which would ' Tireserve its n minally indepen- dent tarritorial status and at same time pamit of country 3 development • Changes In the GoyerDment of Aby88inia> JZI Mf^r pyft pared by the U>S» Dept» of X X A-o/o ibJnly 9 jDly Ife Oomnerce representing Abyssinia a s a possession of Great Britai Requests that the Qommeroe Dept» be informed that Abyssinia is V' prondly a sovereign state> zing for the mi stake > Abvjrtlnia (South'* | J\me ailB#39 tar A_^ Or^canisation and fun ctio ning of th# j present Ethiopian Government* Comments and observations on^*'* Haference to fact that althoujih the present supreme niler is n inally the Sapress ZwAf^ttUg the actxaal ruler is TaftLrJr^iiakgpnen Reference also to the state ohurohj Monophysite Christianity* MOTE: 8e4#>e 4 .mEE_iSfie A Oct 9 v^ry^nwn t and the waning influence of the folloiwers and officers of the Empress* UQgE9 See 884«001 Tafari/l7 for #76 from Abyss inl a ( Soia thard ) F I ft>^fu>g^ In the Government will p ro bably ta3fe place whe Qounails will become a sort of Su iff\tyy t>!e Brrt presst King and Rfig g^^gs a as members* X3n ing that they C3BE PAGE 2) .- -■>' . - ' V- * ^ : •? "-sr K JACKET 3ASE LISX OF PAPERS \ « Page 2. Seized; Government - Abvssinia. « ^1 1— »■ 1928 SUB No. 8 FROM Ab^sinia (South'* &rd) #108 NE O ^ ? DATE Dec .11 Ooanaeau ai j.,^ ^ >^^La /en 1929 Ij^.Z SUBN*. PURPORT Extent of the Ethiopian Government. Reoort on dissatisfaction aroused on the part of Ras Hailu Takla Haymanot, hereditary ruler of the western Ethiopian state or pfo- vince of Godjajii which borders on the Anglo "Egyptian Sudan • Inform' ?eb 25 >< ation concerning the ejrbent and importance of the six greater states of Ethiopia; Godjam^ Shoa Gondar, Tigre. Harrar and Wollo. and Hailu's methods of at the sarne time mono trade . Reference to of Hailu with the influence on thfi I^ka T aann fkim. project f Hailu* a intimated in- tention to oust KinfT T ft fftri and take the throne nf tha he cant PolltlnAl RTtu^tlon fnr ^AJich action not favorable. NO: fi4f i1; R 84/)01 Ta 30TE DTE Italy of imp thlopl ion of S ee 884.00/156 for # 174 from iby- zinia (Southard) regardi n g embar- rassment of King Tafari and the oe tral government of Ethiopia by re- fusal of provincial chiefs to re rts> S ee 884.00/150 for # 152 from Aby- ssinia ^Southard) regarding will- ingness Of King Tafari that a pro- test be made by the frPrmans and Italians over the d Pruffer-Porta partv^ in order to have an issue v; ho. Aiig»27 SOTEt for his va subo rt nn-nfl-t f enta on the fo yflO ^ Saolent oode of lama nt y^ll ^ ^. t 1 xmiiimm 1 n 1^ II I •'-* -^ •- - '"-- -■^*"^^^ •■ kfcft^^ii>».ite».a«,ttiJ . ■jumm^i^^.-^-jmak iriMT i fl-litfliiTl Hi . itfi-ar.ifcM- r 192$ ! J 4^ f #^ X OM- §!^^5^^.J^.9.!^1?lMxit DATS. Var«22 - -<::! ^ Aby.flainia.t&auth- - Aral ..J9A ia.. ..1527 TO- SUBN*. rUKPOlT. lvS\t ..1S2B Sqt.S I >... - jnenta-^ratif lcatlQii-At-the-X1 ng' S ■-.-■prefer-eneft- f or - American jidirlaara* ,-j-or— y-Qgr-jconfidantial-lnformatio .. ...the -Department.-doea -nqt.^OAalder ... .the-4ipx>olntment-of-XmerlcaAS|dT* ... .la Qra..daalra.bla.At -lihla--tlma.^- >". \' ;. V' '-;. \ , . % « 1 • .i ' i . I r ^, . i r 'k A. 1 { 4 ' 'r- 4 ' If - ?. ^ ■ r> /'" ■'l^ 4 1 ^ ^ •.V* ^ r •■-> •t.i #. •i" .v« <( .V> V- ^ jk *. . i. *» ^•:;^ V 1 t --V- -• ^ * t- '--, ' 4. ->. S ^'. ► _ . ..l.-^.^L^"^ if* _?■ .. V ^. f.^jrx'-^ ^^i " ■ -^' -*•-- t - >^ ..- .t!fe . .•i.^fSn «K. .^ I»^^ aA-^^^ ^-s^ ^jd^^t^ . « ^« - A4rtr^ji. fi •. ..- jr:; V *)•;* and C tale grems-jta ^ » .v*%- :v- - « ^ V * ft 1 • y * . 4 r yW J . ( r-.i Ti ►4- • •-.•v» ^ < * - r V- ;t v.. < ir » » LIST OF PAPERS J»0. f ; C A 5ul(/ed / t. ooTuoniKirr nmrmio omcs: ttn 1 — 207 |: r r leffgiy Informing of facts learned in conversation with British^ French and Italian Ministers concerning difficulties caused their Le 1^ failure of Ethiopians to es lish nationality and citizenship laws* y ■ ^ V ■■■• >. ^ < •V, '"ir ^ . t LIST OF PAPERS. .»•-' v V ' \ • •♦•♦^ i' r Sabject Itqrritery - H^Mlnlau /■-J- H ^ *1 •• k 1923 FBOM i • . t ? .4^ or Dqpt» DATE. dT# 13 zie SUB N«. PURPORT • &ff ioial naae of Aliylnia> Bsqtie« > 1 ^ Beo ^ latinrlor Dept» data in regard to Bag) Pa3)litf i org of CSiioaeo gtarte ojCfleial nana will te Bthiopla^ hereafter • Do;"" Qaotofl nameB naod tar Lectfiae 1925 ■ 1 . . , 1 Sept. 23 -i of nations ^ variona (knrtn. & GoopgaAioal l)Odies» mUE ^EE 123 Sic 5/246 for #766 from Pa; (Skinner liSuggestB aba use of word Abyssinia in favor of j Ethiopia la l 3iigg#etod abandoning the use of >TT^MO word Abyeainia in favor of Ethiopia>laol08es two oarAa referring to the - and th( of that oonntry> •n ggioeta adoxitio n of nawt Addia Ababa for the ntftt 7f 1 Use' of worjdiS-^aliyssihiaLAnd -Etkop^ Inf orTnati on with ref eronco to NOTE these Tffords siTftn» See 864>0l/8 for #108 from Abys ia( Southard) regarding the ext and iiq)Ortanoe of the six great « J *- states of Ethiopias &odJamy Shoa Janif ruled by Ras Hailn !!?akla; ! Ba ymanott and the only p own hered Boundaries STtAHDIHa AS NOTE 7B0M 884. 01/ 13 Ethiopia and jjurisdiotion of provincial governors* Sioloiing tentative list of governors » with gov many boixndaries oom* ments on the subject and refere : es also to difficulties in the transliteration of Aahaxic geo* graphical and family nanesjon ~ Departmmx HOTff ^ 1^ ■■*■ t. » 1» ' v% % < ■i y . i « . ./■ f * > 1 '*« - ^» r\ • » > * » LIST OF PAPERS '■^ * ' tf .V * / / 4^ ••.♦ JACKBT OiSB V I v.^-^ • ^ -• 5iiViMrf r Abytttnlan Territory oooiq^iad by foreign ailiti^ foree«> § ? I opncB 1—207 \ ^ i t f M i ^Kk». FROM— 1929 DATE TO- ^ ■ SUBN*. \ PURPORT \ V I Jan 19 1)TB 8e^ 8a4*77-Fraiioo-Sthiepia]/9 for , • # 122 from Abyeeinia (Southari) renr&ine expeeted pro tee t of Ethiopian aoreraeent Qhanpine ?reno with armed intervention on Ethi- opian territoz7t ** reealt of atationing of a Frenoh Legation ffoard at aoene of oonatmotion of a warehouae by a Prenoh merohantf | to ii^ioh Ethiopian GOTennent had » objected. ■ - ■ ■■ -— - — - - < Vv ^ bix^ \^ , O.^C.-^ ^^^!^i^.^ — # 1 " \ \ \ 1 • ^V. * ■* \ ^ • \ ^ f \ J - 1 • \ 1 ■ • r" . V K— — — _^_______. \ 1 i »* 1 . . • » 1 L i,^!:..*.. st^i ki, _4,^ j*La ^ .k«J, ^i»i^t..^t4ik*^A^ ■ -'- -■•J^tr-A. ..^-.'.jk-. «J. ^t^xAfc- . ^. "v* «-^_i'^*k:^ .ta-i .* #* LIST OF PAPE Sakfed: ^ Flag- AbvaainJR^ J. 1— ao7 ><^-^ FROM— Britain _j[At_hertom 4 \ >ft ^ ? DATE Aug. 19 fa we SUB N«. i PURPORT National fla g of Ethiopia* design of j-» No official sketch of f lag ohtcdnable^ but a new edition _ r» nUi t ~fl» » ^ ^ %T _ ^ J n 1 A Of Flag s of All Nations being pre par ed^ and _will. be p ublished .a y e ar» _ :Hot ed-t o -^ /•-■■■ -*w- 4 •7 jr.j^ ' 1 • LIST Subject: > .«: JIGKET OiLSS L.I8X OF PAPERS Subject: Of the AbyBginian QoveniinBnt» \ 1. FROM DATE a TO- SUBN*. BOTE See 8e4#01 k/Z for *107 from Aby- PURPORT ssinia (SQi:thard> regarding in- Kin g of Ethiopia upon the engagement of jjnerioan adv it- ers for the liinistries of gore Affairs f Interior and Oonaneroe, •^« as well as Amerioan military in* atrTiQtors> Statement of an^lfl* oat ions* Reoomrreniations fo^upt fiaati on of -pot ential aDplioants • 4 i .■\' 1 . t. . . »- . r • vxr.-' '- -^ --r I " "S- :'..': ^ .: r;-. . '• t ;;• -^ ■' JAi ^.^ OAa / - I StfliM:^^ yat^nnAl Qonrte in gthiopia ^l X mm 1—907 1929 ROM— Abysainia JH34 ( Southard) /^ 2 ibygiinia #133 ( Southard) DATE ?eb. 8 ye'b>4 3 Ahy ain la #179 Apr.lQ A ( Southard) * '■ I TO^ SUBN*. ratPQRT HOTE Jurisdiction regarding foreignere^ Discussion of ^ prepared b NQTl! Con 884.Q5/1 t proced <: NOTB begistration and qualification of TaW -j tflTtfl nf p-TAH ml TiATy prnp thft — drawn iip "b 5thi npi See RR nmirts oybt foreign yers desiring to practice in Specia l Tribunal , Translation of order re-/ t quiring the -« Discussion of or^zianigation. See 88)tfr>05/8 c f 5 -. ^ /H^ "I .I^v- .*« ^ x: *H> ;*'. *• r.> ^L?- •> t. • :<:s cuuii LIST OF PAPCRS Sfwjtci /■ ' 4»t>lnl a. > V i V t 1926 .' • .W''- */■ ^ 'um * '«i ? smN». ♦ --'.TV ,(; p' .» fJr j» ; ' J . ¥• 0» Martin of jTrtfftthI p Qf th# 8 gribiariil at Iddis Abato beforo which »i * iff':. Dim #tibioot0* r • !.■».' ' V -t. • 1 "^•^r »VIW -.'"•^ • ' -■ ^ UV>-i' ■♦**iiS^ >#«i»»>^-.'*:;''r ^ i^ 1?^ ■wit 'r' ' ?i?« ^ii ^^ *"*li9iw f3^sJ^^£^^^b:^-a^vi^*£ij| 5S!" W!^ f. • • • LISX OF PAPEIRS j.e Suifstb Practlc» of Law in Abygglnia^ ♦ '» / /. i . . t, . tttt 1 — 307 19 2 9 I * ' ,v .< * t •^ ^^ r ■ -V i.. A"' A 1 •• J 4^ "SI FKOM- ' 4 "r f # ■ •^. : . :*, •• -< < > \ :•■> ♦ • DATE ► , . • '■( 21 \ I r TO — • '» •'I « /' <^ 4 SUB No. ■ 1^ P»POKT r. -. 4 - V - S4*09/86 ggfl ■froBi \» / **» » \ « « .r" • ^ J* > H » I '■ .*' ■■ • t^' •4 •» ' f .1 • *•■<>.. /. 1. ••>. '»' 1 ..i- - » • f V >v ' ,■■1 ^' ^ «r ^>- > I • » J ■:>f # 4 14 I. < ,J* , t: ^^^^i^^ ,.^._ -.i^^ /-i^i 4^(^¥., •*• JAOKBT OkSB LIST OF PAPERS Subject : an! Ordlnanoes - Abyssinia* 1— »7 SUBN*. <-J X 2 X_3 12^ ? FROM APyssinia (Son- tMrdl HCL_ DATE Qot 8 SfQV 5 SUB N«. HQ:DE_^See PURPORT slnl l^tt^ fl-ddresfl ed to Bl- l>ert-iU Jxairy relative to ^ Mo- d ernization of j ndioial prooedrr^ _i2i Bthiopia has not mad e great ^ for ^91 192^ Ai2^27 UOOIE ia(Sontharfi ) enelosing m Amharia of o y Decree pro 1 property for oharged nment or mder v;ay to employ ean advisors, when it-is possible! that a code of laws will be drawij Tip» A code of proce d ure for a ^ special tribunal to nav e juris* ' diction over mixed Et hio pian and foreign cases has rec ently been submitted to the government by the Diplomati c Co rps f or consid- ; eration> Ler^l mat te rs b et ween \ fore i gners are hand le d by the local Consular cour t s^ the court of the defendant ha v ing j diction^ , » « .. t ^ -^ ^V — ■ww^^p^pi ''W^ C Jaekit Oa8« LI8X or PAPEIRS Sahfed Cuvmeroial laws'^^'AloraalxLiaA s ■^ omcv 1 — 207 ? SUB No. >^ 2 X s o c 5 FROM roa Dapt» ■9i!il^^^ tViard 1 -A-~o/ Soii^T_6at X 19 2 9 Oct.30 -Ociu31 i^ Ab^^inia AC/C SUB No. PURPORT drafti dasirad* Do: Copy ^ Ocwnarca Dapartaant for ruidanea mbnitting Protesting o Ther NOTI elatin g to the protesting of drafts wn^-^;i H _ Tribmal 8 oon aider prime in anoient Bthiopian law See 884» 5034/2 for # 123 from Addis thard) slat ion of official A'byseinian Decree providing for the regist- ration of Tprokers emd the regula ion of merchants and nagadiso JACEST CASS ;7* > \ LIST OF PAPERS Siihfet h Mixed (International) Courta in Bthiopla^ \ \ A_j. [ r 1929 UJ 00 o 01 ■?,->*- '.> ^ \ ■»^ FROM— elAi a #154 Southard) DATE Jeb. 8 TO — M SUB No. PURPORT ppecial Court of Addis Ababa^ Discus^ elon of "Jurisdiction regarding foreigners in gthiopia^ prepared "by [mne: Lg Consular riality^Swis a ppointed by the King to reform inia hard) Apr, ICI IIB judicial prevail in the -y and, proposal King (Pafari to reform tl Court by appointment of Qonanlt aant participation ir > tha fipftrJAl n pmcftftdingw, noted: 7) _ ^ NQTg| Special courts Consular Court proce » dure governing litigation between foreigners residing in Ethiopia and the - for suits between foreigners hiopian yrench Sprtial Tribunal or Court. text and translation of the prelim- inary proposal for the - drawn up by Diplomatic Corps» Recommends th^ Department approve the proposal «Jl e Department Hear Eastern May 14 quests instructions, Koted 8^4 '^M^ J^^ h. ^ *.-^i ,^,- -JF • V i^tm'm I i| ■ I •Ji^i'"p'L.*'-"». ■■■ •^■•-p^wwi* — '• u 'WQ -Tv-^ I I Ml I wiiiw^p^mvPvnvF^ppfVpn^pmipp JA m:« CASS page 2 LIST OF PAPERS Sulfied:. Mixed Courts in Ethiopia. 9 00 00 o 01 murrTHm omos: itij 1 — 207 1929 )C 8 X 9 FROM— Abyjainia #268 DATE Sept > 21 Nov,l TO- NS :nued SUB No. to practice in that court > ^ gainia # 101 ( Southard) SQ_M PURPORT rking s Tribunal^ or Mixe 1= nn of thp prn- firftftlng tlift prop naa.! m^ght nhvi at a annift of thft pofigj'hlfi r.nr>fngir>n with respect to operation of laws c :■' Yflr lous der^rees o LIST OF PAPERS Page 1 JACKET CASE v^< Subject:. Police Organization - .*bys8inia rmmrmQ QwricE 1 — 20^ 1929 >VT FROM DATE t!ar 5 TO— SUB No. ^TE PURPORT See 664,00/151 for # 15 6 from J^b ys- sinia (Southard) rep:ardirij? th e i lack of proper military or polioe disciplin e in o utl ying: TPr ovinces of Eth iopia as result of restrict- Ion by Bri tain/ Fran ce and of the imnortation of arms a rauQition into 'r]thiopia> \ I r \ • » ». ' v 'j^ ^ • - t * LIST OF PAPERS ■♦•♦• Subject: 'K SUB No. FROM i fn6tl im TO SUB No. PURPORT " RayyCDd ^ Whltoowb gcmpany tf^l ne 7ebo 5 J Reqpests Informat gsb»9 i Ji A» ^ Qa^liTan »b*7. y . HMjtBi$1m & Witconli 7 U?.l 7 M«a ne restrtatlons are l!Bpo»ed on for- eign traTel>r« as to enterlne ^^-^m the oountry»lf traTelers are admitted ooernl hotel faoillties in Addiaababa* *t- l«i» SteSit iltl • J > r '^^yjt- ^ii»<» 4« Ma ne Uf imt 1 were iHyii>jfa^ye»agvi ports be T rtWBe dc[¥y.i.* B>e8tfi meat ^nd Aby y siiilan Ceaaml at d jjgeeyBab^ arrange 5^b. 17 Jas. A* Gallivan eiitryi< frarreliag cenditJona^in A'fcyi^g Baelosea copsr o f Ib^ttear ^o m jRa^yuieiw & WML^eoBB^b and re<||ieal» Xf_ 2 Baldridgs. ne i'i^ • • copy of reply made Aug/l7/37 1 toOTflb Co*^ V A ug > 21 i Baldridge.D,LeRoy "^11 5 St ate Department ' Auhm en travelling on behalf of the Ren ault Moto r Cgm^^^^ y. Such "incidents'* are becoming more nuinerous and may develot) into sen headed foreigners should resist by violence ^'4'^ 884,00/151 in ia #164 Mar. 23 Sputhardl ■ -*^ - - ' •:• l|^ SH}_Abandonment of pro po or Expi Cairo when King Tafarl would guarantee nn-aolested passage the Ithi Qpiaiwggyptian border outlying tribee^See La^^k^bK^aa^MlAaHMIMMM^taikA *■ — ■^•■'- ' »f Cm ■ -I ^mnAHt^iim II I ■ -• rfBif 'r '1 -f --•-• ' ' ■ ^.^-^..^^ ■— " .--^■-^- - -^-^.>.^JL^,.Mt.dlJfa^-dfciJL>fc>.>-i:-.^ta.i.ia.aa^^ Sheet 2 LIST OF PAPERS Suhjed - Begolations goTemlM reflidenee ifthiopl trare r 1—207 SUBN*. 8 X-9 FROM- Cljfda »4 (|y Sou^tbard 1^ QclLaM TO— pd ne vi SUBN*. PURPORT 03iail/4 Baqiilrftment Ing thft off t he ent f whioh ng on Obtob e r 1 ?•■ ^ f- 4 ry \ i i* f J^. >♦ \r H / 'I , ' ■"«' tVA >, •^ ' ^ ' •V .» l„ ' r r \ % t « \ L.I OF PAPEIRS : J4 » ,. 'V r.' Sb«/*<; ..:..„ -?£ylLl-;-P.ns..re.lU\«.Arms:.r-.Aty&aiiiia^ I :» & ? ■*«. N*. FIOM— y r. I Ir.!/.^ - ?.^. . .?^ ^ ^ - s y_ 19? 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Sttkfed: .1...... .??iKA!LiL9n?. J!:?L.l?i^?.. A^?...-T."^^ I y 6 r 'i'^ I' < noM XJ! a:i I 5 1^^ -]|Ua4 nar-lO ontC.r.P.««J#3* ne pi A:priI--^a^..ne.-.ao...nl SUBN*. FDIPOIT. m» A^TiA?LMJi.ty...of.ProhiM.tf ainia. Reports re -9. HOTB SM iMtOOTiiv for d«ii#t9h jfri tMt-Fr!w*i.€M.iAia^^^ K iJjUJfi.-^. y- . Gr/l^rit «&d2 iHarveyJi ... jae...^ a 5. V. ^ .3a.sp. .ttft ... 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Subject JS»aX9L%X9M.j».J!ir.%^ Abyssini^t 11 1922 I ^1 ^ FROM— te? Brtt* #1527 DATE. ^[My. urn 00 MJ^.i ^ SUB No. PURPORT. K JJag? 4 • JHU ^•]mt., T^UZiB ?PI. ao illliafm.t .of tUTM to Bm gaf|itri» tho >o ir'^iq^paromt ... of J^itiaia*. . j^ ..noto.fi!^^^ ... iJjf .A .Itftllott .^.t».i...ro.-q*ftta.Af . ...oisM .to.te itABd.tloA..toJ^^ 11 i I : i ' 7iiSA ...tQ.KM! ;^ u a1 #3fi0 7»l I lojpl Tel #3a0. 7pB tloo..froB « ...tbo.liolr--. ipewoal^. of ..AfeyMlnlftA fol* . iHkittlMIO Of.JM'i JMlBBOii of JUj IStJfci S^J?>ient . of a^ f P r . Pri noo Rogen t of i^f. o lAJAf . ^ba lw.0.0. . .of . mm.o _ jbuGmded. . F « .0 « . . r 0. f ▲1 X It?* 7 Mtl.OftO.O Of -• Brl*f.Bi8b* #- j 9 Jp!o««.tlo. jlti^^ ^ (SodteoJ BO joj that. n«3^ ao5-t* mii^t 1» Inolia odL to iapoao. off 004190 oopevvlol of oaport-of- anwfl- fapopt P»a> to oolaia* .Dop-ta-iafozms-ro noto ro oabjoot. fron- Hio- ]IOJooty*8 t«0« th3*iLJUB#..ivb«^^Loado]t . datod «^aly 26 A that Bopt^ will ooBBRmieato tbo point of vlov of U«S.^6ovt« tk ra-OMiO- ohnnols^ .U^S«^Oovt« hat JiO-dlopaaitloa-to -intorposo aay -Obotaoloa. to tho duo porf^annoo ofobligatloxia-aoiaaod nadov Goa* JLot- for i^OfUPooaioa of Afrloan-81 avo -tradOt^-BnisoalOY^ JUy 4^/2&* jjjBbt^pTMoiatetio ?»0*ji.mtt^^^ Or.^^ BpltiL #7q7 (Harv.oyI Jio ao A. tl ii nn J t icm f rp.m. IP^^^ ««.t of 4:bjj.8.lii4^ .no.irt.t .W.«..no.to...f.i5.m..?.»^^^ to^Dop.tf .lafQiM ro A "d(¥n(Davi Ad¥niDavisi.J37. K.Q.Y...7 Jie..pl .B.rltf...lkb* of Jviao..S. j^^ Bej^tfjnfo n..?febf.f ...ro oxti^^^ Aby.8«.lnla# J*fp.t.t .Ijwt^^ t thl.FfJIJjp^^PjJBJly 4 Jj^ aom^T..im^ox«l..oabata^ .op.i.ni.oajp(| MLttox.t-ao.abo.To..^^ ..Bop.t« ..im.txno.tj.ojlbALl.ooiioil^ y.«ply tQ..iw.to of .jiily...a6Lfj^ . ..F«.0.«..o.tatii)ir-^^ «o:v4>. j»od.« 110 . A JMflM»^..of..Jxma. 29 froa ^it«&ob* Xnrthor .ixiatxiiatioii«« Be rP. r t s_ ..re., sh i pm e n t . . of . . Am •. . . a rm§. . .an d anro un i t i o.n . _ ly i ng . . :] .t . . Ad en . . . .t .Q . A fer X JT.ssinia,. 14 I Fr^^oo #Sp51 ip7.« ^.(itoiTdok). I 18 .no.pl alhi • u* ^ t' .t.o.P.r.'uio.e..B9^nt^ .^ot.oj..trMiIatiaa.of .tolA.frQn i£JCBHPa..of.Apr^.A&th.i^xon.B^ atating.JLhya8liiian..Qa'i^t«..xacd«^-. i'i t ■i<(i8p>» N/ LIST OF PAPERS Subject Begolations n Fin Am* Abysiinla* 15 19E3 h- ? ^ FIOM— DATE. ne pi TO- 4.9JMSpS^ X .15 ^ag9jnie.J.*...T.o.«ig . J..4kprjL?Q SUB No. PUIPORT. JtoriJ.i^^f... inia* Information re-« d tenant 8 uppn.desp.....fi?om.Lpndpn t^^^ pf_.j5la:?e._t3E^de_..caiTiedpn.by..jU?y« lni8n8.»..raiA8...in..3Bdan_4..tran8p.Qr Sept..lfe .y. ne. .. X . ..tft.tiQn_.Qf..al.ftye8..aor.Q.8.8 .Bsd.^eaA ...5hftfle..c^rge8„.in.tima.te .tha.t..A©A-. ..ar».-arft..beiiig..u8ed.'b3r AMyaainlft: ...in..thla..tradQA .I5A- JShij3meilt...of...s.iz..macMM..eyuis.^ ...-.rifl$.a..5!^..t.h.afflmanitipn.j).urc^ in--nASA...by..Prinoe..^egent..pf. Abj ' fl5iniaA.....lns.tructs..tp..infp.m.. .....5!iifithfirr?r...i5..a.t.il.l..lyliig..at...Adw i)r..haa..l)fifirL.fQraarded-.tfi..ita..dfta .-..-±ination^..l3Ut..it..ia.,aPt..daaired ._-_^ _-. -tQ-.iDakfi..inquiriea..at.JlJiia..feiiaft*. K^^-(.I>i.Y.i.s).r.l55 LQct_.._l.$^__ne__;-l I »'^."f:^Pr:!l.^:;'^....?L.C:r.M..?.ri?i..d^^^^ 1922 i I i Ahyssini^i. C-ivis infornation re^ W\ 'X __St ^_g_-_^_Qp_t r.Diy « '_. >^^-^y-^- L...?..-J...^PP.^.!i.^^.-i-9?^...9.?-.^?!?^.2.-.A^^.-9-.^]?^.3..S-.^.?^A^^ ;< Memo ».ar...Sa3.t..Q?n .Affairs I I A?. .^.^.Q^..^?... 9[.^..^.??.... 9?.. 1^.9.^..®... ^..9..-?? A !!:.•- .^.6S-^.^.!4Ar}^..9.?..'4^.9./'^?JI..A?-?'^ Stairs Bept ♦BIT. Aug .111 I 6 llnpbrtation of ax^^^^l^^ Wear Fastern IhiiUcs It would not be adrlsable Affairs ( Carlson V I ' ^...y.^..^^}^.^'^^..f.^^!^S^!^^^,..y.^.. ?-.*?-¥.?..• jprcclamatlon for resirictloa of the Heeoivtion of Jan«5lti922« >^ l^Mp ^ ^AI*. -J^i!^- .•-?®Ar ... i Aug • 1 1 ?-..-IW.??Af^.^A9.?. .9.?.-i^^ IBaa t ern .fil.T ( Pul-.l •. ^ | liB^e 8 oar tain sugge 8 1 1 o ns o p no er ; It. A1 k*.^. .??-"^- • .9-?- .^.?.?. .??. f A?.??. 9 ® *** oernl^- -< fieno Sta^ ltej)t.|toar^^^M feit ern .p.l.T(.Bwil« !».) 8 lljnp.ortaUpn of a Asks Solloltor*8 Offloe i^ethar l.?.-.*J^*lT...W.k?k9.?..!'.'^.®- ^'^^ W^nt Abis^Binla M j)ermit« phlpment of aras to ^/X MfHBp 9 1 a» - -5?P-?- -•- 9-PA i-Pir . . -9«P t _• ^Z to'Pe Of f i o.e (Otoli n^ 8 ftaiibintlon of JaaV9lVi^22 bb^^ Ing prohibiting export of arms as well as question of its iomedlate X .f55PA?L9.f^A?'.A*^y..5.A1'-^..^^?5?®^ ^p '^^ A?*^AA9.?^ .A?.A^JJ?.*A?Af^A i.takf J}9[i>t.«Veat. SMtnirn DlTiSull OlqA^A 8 |8^1S!!f^.^.V .9.^..^^™ J^.9.A^7s.f^^^ lleres it would be best not to ?*?iA..??P.9.4J^l^«..?i^J!l4i?jat...f^^ olaaatlon aenaerning a^ wj^iw •««g«!|t"i'p.n8.p.onQern^lng.:reply..i4^^ BrJL.tAiili..Mtfi^ V: r ...... LIST OF PAPERS Pm« B '♦#4^ Sabject: Regula tion s oonoTnlng anBS ana >Mmonltloa> Abysaln ia# FROM -N^ir DATB. i^T ift gh 1925 SUB No. PURPORT. fHf.V> TAwraTiftft Aden fl03 ( park ) Deo ♦ 21 I ne ace 11^ %9^ v Slavery a In Ab from WItlSTMimTFIH GAZETTJ written to arouse British puhllc against Imp n ammun mpor a rlly detained at Djibouti^ Fraa >?nmeDts upon the «lftve bysfiinla; Preface #7976 (Whitehousel 1927 Oot. 28 _ln the precincts of t1on; Anglo-. Pre Aby Importation of" arms int (t t 'MM the ^ba^^gy r m#mh#r pf itiufchmeabet o^ Fr5B^_j799 (ffiiitehpusej Nov. 4 ne ^ 2L- 1] t 1 foY. 3 1 mil [f any other oonntry> M:_ de Saint Ouen» lOTE n^- were intended as a i^urm re ply to ver bal SEE 125 >0084/ 4 7 for -^ fr om Aden (Alcirid^re J re par d in >^: One_o f the interests Ox British Government i n Abys s inia is to ch ec k smug- gling: of fire arns into country for iS£E DlGE 6) #18 6p*m« to Abyssinia (Southard regarding inquiry of White Encin eering Corn •whether necessary ar rangements could be made at Dj i" bouti and Ad di s Ababa of rifles as royal and oi presents* V'. LIST OF PAPERS r^ ?ag« 5 •♦#4^ Sabject: Regulations oonoernlng arms B,rA < » f • nltlon> Alyagln 4a> Nv §= < __.ii ? iwnc* #7976 (Whltehgusfi / ^ Frga de Saint Quen- tin on^- were intended as a fur* * ther reply to ver bal _ln of Mr^ r.Rr\a\ar C.n mOTE ISEE v/^ froin Aden < 1928 Oct 5 (Aldridfrej re g ard in >::;; One of the interests of British Government 2Si in Abys s inia is to chec k smug- gling ; or fire arris into country State Departmegt S4 1929 7t.HS^ ^o o/kf^ }SV%XCi^ iPeb 8 yA 26 Mar I to Bthiopi a » and commenats on - sinoe 18 84 with historica l references* »e 031* 11- Amsrioan Uusetoii c natural gjetory (Abysiinia) for Southard oarttidgaa NQTK tlon whlQh ABsri ea n Ifoaenm Etoedi \ IS££ DIGS 6) #18 6p*m« to Abyssinia (Southard regarding inquiry of White EnginH eering CorD#yhether necessary ar rangements could be made at DJi'- bouti of rifles as royal and 4^¥- nresents* » • ' I^ge 6 LISX OF PAPERS Subject : Regulations concerning arms and ammunition, Abyssinia. ? OFFICE 1—207 1929 )( /s 27 X: 28 FROM— DATE Mar 4^5 Ab: ^inia ^1 5.9 (Bouthard) N£ >C_29_ X TO— SUB No. iME mi^L 14ar . 6 St»?< e Departmen t Western Eur opean I iv« (LeClercq) WE St%^e Departmnt W estern European D iv • PURPORT See 8e4>6461-*T8ana Dan/SO f or Tel # 11 nam from Abyssinia t^oath- ardl reg ardin g arrangements for the entr y of rif l es ae gifts to Abyaainian off io ials into Bthio- pia See 884>00/l51 for ^ 1 58 from Abys- sinia (Southard) regarding lack of proper military or police disci nline because of restriction by B ritain, France and Italy of the imnortations of arras and ammxini- tion into Ethiopia. Obvious our- Apr. 19 PP s e_ is t o handicap th e power of ce ntral government of Mn g Tafari* Restriction by Britain, France ond Italy of importation of arms and Inform- ammunition into Ethiopia ing of rumors conceriiing secret ahipments of munitions through D jibouti^ upon Payment of appro- priate bribes to French railway officials, who probably seek re** veng;e against Italy because of proposed Italo-Ethiopian road from Assab to Dessie in competition wi Franco-j^hionian Railway. Italy's poli cy is one of peaceful pene- tration and control of Ethiopian MEMO Apr. 26 Btatfi T)(ipartnaBt miO- J^ (illing) ME}^0 29 eco nomic development. Reference t o Italo-Ethiopian peace treaty o f Aug. 2 > 1928. NOTES; 75]^r^5; 7 65^4; 765 >^411 Importation of arms Into Ethiopia. Inquiry as to w hether granting of free zone at Assab under Italo- Ethiopian convention will permit free importation of arms by Ras Tafari when the interior route is constructed^ or whether provision of St. Germain Treaty on traffic 1: arms in Africa remain paramount. Do: Quotation of last paragraph of Art#4 of Italo-Ethiopian ConventJo: of August 2, 1928 > and quotation of comment thereon by Military Attache in Rome relating to question of importation of a NOTE; 76^^411 ana»# with WT. ging^ a assooiated l ^ howoTor in ^ oontinaea; . dk 7\^^ . . -/ JLi •I &.*W - "• " *■"- A. > ik- > ^ wr^.jf^; mA.it*.^ V r ..»(yr, -... \ rv V4 >./ ; I » ^' .f}: ^ ' ^ \^^ <-■', \ LIST OF PAPERS IN:© 7 Sulf/ed: HsyilatioM Coaoeming Aims and lattdnition— Abyisinia tt* 1—207 1929 90 Bonthaad ocn- K 96 00 00 OJ FROM— ( OontlBPaad ) (B^thirt) DATE TO — June 18 SUB No. PURPORT for the sdmiMlon into AbytainU of the ordar* Ooureraation oonoarnad tha adTiaabilit af tAing np the aat tay at Baria# A«l M 4 <■;. Near Bast em PIy islonUllingHDB 1©Ta9 « < X h. Dec. 30 Abyssinia Tel # 46 1 pm. TO L TOCT Sea 811>24 5& Mr. King, nephew of senator King, regarding possibility of shipping arms into Ethiopia ♦ a| Seorge Wise en route to la ntion in dealing with him. HOIIL Saa_aa4*DQ/l!Z Inia rthftrn gthinplA »nA th^ h mode ..^iAiit^ .L i^A..^.,- K .^.i,. -. -^A..->aL. ..^.,.^^^... .^.,^1..^^^*..^^^: ^^^>A^^,■..^:.,.y^t^. ,....^^:^.:.^.^^..^.^iD,^^u>y>.^^fc^^^ U ' •- / -* -•-^^ V LIST OF PAPERS Page 1 J.C, Subject: // NarootloB " Abyssinia^ ^T/// c f •OTKmNMKNT raiNTIIfQ OfTlCI: Itm 1 207 1 •/ 2 9 1 FROM— Sep ♦ 10 DATE ^op^JLi TO — SUB No. NOTE TTOTK PURPORT 16/^OZ Abyssinia (Southard) enclosipg fur the narcotic laws aup refralations in Abyssinia Sfift BOO out Tor ?, frnm 00 t1 ^.s 1n Abya iLaauiiien±_JLegailzl2ie cto iOTi ' . ^ itn •1." JAi W.t CilSS » ••-' ' T :» ' *• 'J !A^ . ',' / '' r LIST OF PAPERS Suhfed: Prostitution - Abyitinia. ;?;5 1928 SUBN( X FROM inia (South' ) jfeem DATE Dot. 30 SUBN*. > PURPORT Movemant against ¥rid6gpr»ad deral* oiMaent of bawdy-houaaa > Beport" ittg on5-# Enclosing translation of article by Kahattem Wor and published in the fSNA SELAH . ^* .t ,.- . " . • '* '"i T r . •\ ' * i > ^ > 4 ^ •'%» * '*.. A. LIST OF PAPERS r 5 » Sakled Practice hf medicine and surgery « Abyssinia § ? 1— ao7 1928 1 FROM iL DATE Oct. 24 » SUBN«^ NOTE PURPORT 84/11 for #63 fron 4lyssini teaplated return to Italy of one of the 1 ing medical nen in Addis Ababa, Dr>A>Bevilacqua» who refuses to sell his lucrative professional practice because there is no Ital ian to whom he could sell# to desire to confine advantage" dU( in Ethiopia to Italians. \ i I \ ^ b,.~ " > • I • Mift mam LIST OF PAPERS l^go 1 JACKS? CISB Subject: i 51 I ! •OTEKNMrwT FRiNTTNo omcm: lOia 1 — 207 ;< 193>Q FROM— DATE Jrtir?ft 2.1 TO — SUB No. PURPORT See 884#6461-TsaaB DaB/92 for Tel ^ 18 from Ibyseinia (Southard) re- garding the negotiations i?hioh wil l be ualer taken with the British oon -j oerning water oontraot to be part- icipated in by a represent of the TOlte Engineering C "I'^m^^r^'^^ . a»":si^^rw ■i'^/- ' "^ (JACKET CASE) -p*?*" W^lf »»•" i LIST OF PAPERS 4: Stthjed : Roads - Abyssinia. o oinca 1 — 207 1928 ^ 1 FROM Aby^inia (South* ard) jt-_ TD NE TO 2 ?<^^ X__4 IfJ^ (Tittmann ) ^1971 TD TO NE Ab v^inia (S outh* ard) #- NE^C /C DATE Aug, 18 Nov. 2 IlQ(l'17 SUBN4». 1929 It j^y (Kirk) #2Q7 7 [ ^Ja^*9 NE X-5 tfty IJ I tfty (Kirk) #2117 ID_ NE Jan 31 ^ r I I I PURPORT Proposed new trade route from south Eritrean uort of Assab on the Redl Sea to Dessie in north central EthiODia, and thence to Addis Ababa. General observations on-f as nrovided for by convention s signed together with the Italo- Ethiopian tp^^y of friendship on August 2« Comments on aolitical aspect. NOTED : 76b^^l 1 ; 865ir^l54; m^jM. Do: The building has been started according to article from GIOR* NJtLE D» ITALIA. Discussion of the construction of the road and whether it will be a sound econ- omic proposition. NOTE: Do 684^1 "Tafari Translation of account from THE ECONOMIC REVTEIY of Italian Colony of Eritrea describing:; the Assab*Desaie trade route. No definite ster>s have been taken for construction of the route. Do: ^opy of itinerary man re leas by liinistry of Colonies tracing annroximate course of the motor ■^^M ■ 11 III II I !■ I I^MI^II B^ ^m » ■! road from Assab to Dessie < the '-■-' W ■■ — ———■- ■ -^-^ I ■ -,.■■_ ^^l^l.■ ■■ ■! . . !■ ■ — ^1^— l^^lll ^^^^^.^^^^^ ■ ^■^■^^ ■ entire construction to be assign ed to Italians, yet been made. No survey has tion of artiole from LA NOTE: 8 d5^54. Copy and transla- C onvention between Italy and Ethio* pia, signed in Addis Ababa on Au 2i 1928a for the construction of an automobile road and for the concession of a free j^ne at Assa Encloses copy of Royfe.1 Decree^'Law of Dec » 9 ^1928^ f3502^ giving e:ce« cut ion to and oontainin Also encloses copy of cr ee ^Law of Dec. 9 1. 1928 #330g. nctj|^4_o£^ ution to and contain* 1 see page z '.\ JIM ±» EAini rBa aAfin Ash • ^ 865brbO, >. <3i J^ . liar 2 6 UlMi^) Abyssinia (*-^outh f ard) # 43 ■ nnt give effect but merely signifies that Ttfllinn sovt.immen to proceed with the ications- srl'ter which the See 765*8411/5 for #55 froia Abyssin ia (S o uthard) regarding discuss io; of tlie iiSsab-Dessie road in con- nection v^ith provisions of treaty of friendshir) (Pacte d'AiJiitie) be tween Italy and Abyssinia j and provisions of Convention acconpan; ing the treaty S e^ 765*6411/18 for ^127 fron Ab>-s- sinia (Southard) regarding depart ure of connission for Ethiopian Governnent to As sab to take up w^th Ttfilift^^ coyn miasion the i on o f free zo ne an of road Qontnmpltitftd by ragftnt Italo-liithi opian tr^^aty and c on-. » • vanr.ion* It alian and Ethiopian coianissions for study and survey^ as above* It is runored that Dankali tribes on Ethionian side haV( tioe that they will kil l any com" mission which appears to survey an Italian road through their territory* Italian expedition^ headed bv R has been hftld UP by hostilfl thra OCL 4> 4 -w • •^ -. Construction of roads in Abyssinia* Department not clear as to v.hethe the French Govenimenl renounced that part of the concession agre jMrs_ ment of Ilarch 9, 1894 v/hich prO" vided agai nst the construction of competing lines, uov/ that the Italian-Ethiopian treaty providOi for the construction of a motor from ;ab to D9S6ie> flP^ED; 7 / e8/f,7 7>gt^i]so> IM^ ■ s^.. ; -'<• - N ■ \. ^ •• •. -:i I . 4 4 A r.>- t> » ~ . ■f ' ->v •^; • A -•>:•* - r. r . .> - -r • ■'^ri'^ j1 < LIST OF PAPEIRS Jacket ^ftse page 3 >'. 5ci V^ -• ^o^^s - Abyssinia* \' K 12 X 15 r FROM ly #2231 Fletche r) Abypr sinia (South- a rd) #178 HE >^-l4 )C_15 m9 Apr. 9 M. Apr.9 SUB Now Ab^sinia #190 (Southard) NE PURPORT Italian motor road from ilssab to Bessie- Hiyspaper reports oonoern- Frazil in g prazlohetti -blxpedition which is exploring resources of reripns ^l^r n which road is to pasSofTotT Q31 French Minister has recoBHaended appointment of French director * NOTES: 884^77; 884>J7 -Franco* Ethiopian* Iffii vHif> loaea copy of the oonoaaaion agreaaent of March 9^ 1894 ^ granted to a Franoh Ogaspany for the oonatraotion of a railroad frca Bjibotiti to HMtrrar^ The intent beiiy to prohibit the of ooMpetiqg linea» 884*77 Italian expedition headed by Tranche tij investigating road building an ( economic possibilities of "bad lands". Informing of rdifficulties met by the expedition in the terri tory of hostile Dankali tribes, wi further reference to the anti-Ital ian f^eeling in Ethiopia* 76^4* NOTE : Delimitation of Ethiopian free zone at Assab and construction of Assa Dessie road* The commission which w as to negotiate agreement for>**j has returned to Addis Ababa withou t accomplishing the agreement* Gov* ernment is now workiag on a dirt motor road from Addis Ababa to Dessie* ;TK> «Jfc/ 4 LIST OF PAPER J.O Suhj^: Boadg - > Abytglaia^ OOTS&NMCNT PMINTTNO OITICI: IWA 1 207 1929 CO -^2 4^ FROM— (Southflrd) DATE ii # 2SXL llay 7^0 TO — ( fttmthTd ) jBBal? (Sonthardl SUB No. t«a July ife Sep>4 -se PURPORT of with w JUG »t of April 22, 1929> Views of the Le gation are in part opposed to the V d in ^-. GitftS previous despatshes anl reports from the Legation to sup port this content lcn> sugge st a that material '^ •r^n ^ *] n j» k ^1 tioiu 1-4 mrtiftlaf flrsa ooMftTniag the rgtani of th» y- mad the dlff loalti— eaoountered ead the reel reeeoni# to lew of the deereee to the Itelo.^h- Lli itt om mad Art- - Qepiee ef •1 /- 7$Ke4ll on for Hoed from JLeieh_l reeehed ewer eentrol^ t deedlooh IPrftTirtTn desire tinn with thfi It alian T.fin iatftr whnaft pAsslmlflTn fl a to thft ' 1 ■e Tna.ttftr may ha^rft baen inapirftd by his own failTire tn gftt dafinltQ inn in thft mattftr nf thft proposed ARsab-Dessle road» . ■^-^ . L ' \.^ ■ T ., .A .V • > Suhjcd: Page 1 LIST OF PAPERS Bridges - Abyssinia. u. n. oomtMHCNT r»t>rrTNo orFici. irrn 1 — 207 19 2 9 « FROM— DATE TO — SUB No PURPORT iffOTi! Sftft 884.77>l'ran eQ»gthiopi&n/15 for .««»«W*Mi £«rding tVi^ Mmhon the effft fit Qtt ythlopJAn Jif ."Hemfllra "hovA "hAftti Almost Q ■ » . • • LIST OF PAPERS. Page 1 Saiitet: . SAl t tarj Af f ai w^^_ A^^ . // 5s \ 1922 /.-.I FIOM— ^ ^^.n yi.2. CPAy.is)..i^i5 DATE. n^.-.Sa Qo-t.26 Oot 26 ne CO pi 1928 SUBN*. PDIPOIT. d9flirQfl--CQXi.la..fii3iiiDft2i_t..Qn-.r95ii:)r.t .te6n£th-.of..the._Abyssinian.ArinyA-.^ B-©P-ort.5...r.9.-». ^- 10TB 8|K>.884»24/.14.f0r.l.0tt.e^^ J)flpartmd2Xt.Uob1ilzia|..]Miariin^ .Qffioar0-Qf..tlia..IlASA.JLcBQr--BB7--)M detailed to inetmot the Itnio* X--3 .....1928 Nov«5 NOTE - ..jgressjt ?.©. o - .4 ?4 . 24Zi4 _f ^^^ ."^.9. A^-?A^.^A J*^. .( *^.9.V-'t^.r.d ). .r. e&rd.ing .4.9.?A.T.® .9.?. -?!y>.i.9J?.i'.«L^. .09 ve r;™?^J?\ti. . to 9.^-t* ^-^. Ae ry i_c e 8 of two a ray of - J .f .i-.9 e.r.B. .f.9.r. %}\ 8 1 ni c t i o n .purp. o sea ♦. .V)(a r . Depar toe n t . s "ta t e s . t hat , i t «. 9-f.f.i ?. o r.8 - J^y. .fee -8-9. .de t a i 1 ed . only %J>. J9.\ir.aAiya0.c e of special Act . .p.f ^ Dec.6 Ab;y^ inia ( S outh- ar.dl.#0'"M 3 ...Co ngr.es 8? lP.^.?.r.**.e of E.tiii 9P.^.* .®Lr.^. .9.??-^.9.®-r-8 .1l9. sez*ve as mili ^^JlH. .%J)'3^J^Sf^.9X3. .%J^. -Ethi op ian .4r)??y. -•.... -^-9-?-.9.8 i ng .c op^ of . .1 et t er .■Lddre8sed..by Si^^ .?!^.si^.r...t9...King of Eth ."tt^s.V^.Me c t , and t r an s or ip t . .of . _ M.S. .r.e.P.9.r-d . wi th t he _ War .I)ep>a r t - ment* Sept li^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ J^^^ < 4 ISpiathardJ regarding re_^^^ fe.inoe__tha.t..the_.U»SA__War_.Pe]^^ P^ir.ohase aeroplane mdt^ ><..5 1929 tutm* w tm .?.P?...^.^-.?.^hippian Arigy. B0Tl|..SM..8iliLa4..QrdaaAfie/ri8Q..f.Qr..M^ ' frQa..S.tate.J)epar.tiaeiiJt^.Jleaz!..Ia« .....I ern.J)iTiaioiL.CCald]rell)^..rfigardi call .at .the..DepartiQfint..flf..MrA..Ki ng..re£arding-.a..pQ88il>lfi.Bblinfint of..arxa8..tQ.JL}3jrafllDia^..in..irlxicli. diacii8fliQn.-.thB..]iame..of..a..Bia]U - a.-Re8er¥e..Qfflcer..in^.tlie.Jtar.ine Corps .was -BtLggee.teil-a8-beijag..a.- BUitable..offlcer-.-to-traia..JUie.... SthioplaD^arnqr^ -Jfame-Bnggektert ly.-General-Bntler-of -. the Corpe> — -. J LIST OF PAPERS. ♦•♦ Subject: v/ Equipment and Supplies Aby ssinian Aroiy 1921 8^1 *f 'J r Dec. l4 TO SUB No. / PUKPORT. . 1921 July li Z ne ni ( Lark in) \ I BaltTroore^Md. •\r 1927 /y 2 Hatfbleton and F#b*15 I ne 'oinpany C5g>841l/62 for #450, De from Aden^ Southard* Rep the visit of PaOU los ufA.-nfi.Tnann , . unofficial representative of thp^ Huler of Ad saini.g,. t o the La^a i^*^ s- Tafarl s "bought Gsinia* rrOorlF. held it« authorities permi f^ sion for en tr y > Hene;val of disturbances in thought to he r e^i so n -for to x>er>nit CQQ'i^^ to Of Djibou ti and into I port ran aesires American a reequip hig amy; titude of n^q^ such ^ ifer ?J Hambleton and 2 Comp any ne tieg w live to through p K, Mar. 31 ' Fry^e Tel>97 7p m; 2A po? _1-J nft M mp a ny^wfao <-^ tance to nhAti^i f^r, in ord^r to tiona goremlng ^laMttftn and CocJ IkrA^ Hft l^wy — boti «i»A X" i I HMbltton mnd C|tt I iiiii-ttm fttmndiltiiiirm ^ i1 t "■ '- ^' '^ -— - '^ ■-*' — ■"^- — " ■ -a— ^^*" iJitiMMMMiiiHiH^iiiM tti^m^^tai^htiiik Pagf #2 LIST OF PAPERS Sahjed:^ •vBTwcamcB 1 — 907 FROM— DATE J i^ J2 1 oontimieds - TTambleton and Co r^ tfepart ment Eastern Affaii-a < 10 Add^ iJiab a . J X JJ^ (Southfcrd) #4 KE 1928 U9y 4 Ools fg Xfimitii- Sfipt 14^ SUB N«. PURPORT priaoiplt to Afcytttiif » Cogyntifr ii aifpad gardinc Control of Co—rco of •trtd that only a ^ lup^*^^ gitfiTttlty of riflo by AbysgimU. S hipment of arms thru port Em , D*m# NE 3^^11 k.'^l<2, Hi^ K^ (totJl^ ^ ^ and into ^ hout ^npy of le from War Department* AsVs that — - be stiggested to see him In t o m r-^-^ Sale of military: Conversation with Mr» inf prices or military e War Materials wa Requaat plies 1» tT»S» ffig gontrnl results of proposed conference of three Powers wi wh Abyssinia Pot 20 Department le _ i p f « '•VI jnr 't. Pot £6 and present status of,-» the War NOTE; 8 Puronase of iiniforms for the Bthio- Qompftny for the use i In the possible -> ^ * J i*t 49054 Ha -^i>A /-f Pept* Beqiiegt of fmfari^of - a»d • i«lP 1^11 aerioylapea» fio offioere of the P>S^ Ar«ff »?y ^ R etailed ^» #•% A't'^ -^V^vf • 4># d ndiioh haT adhered to the -> SOD A 14 >- ■ --*^ BBige 3 LIST OF PAPERS Subject : Bciuipmant and supplies - Alajrtsinian Army* mwrrmm omcs 1 — 20 T 1928 oO ■ oQ i -^ ^ 1 1 SUB No FROM— lauur) #345 1p.m. NB DATE Ai^ jr^4-ff../JL p<. lI'^T.t X. K— la K iw.;t -<_A9 v' state I^dpartisBnt Hear East em HIT* ( Carl son ) Ne ^ ItOT J.4 ft_JDept A«c/a — H^ G^ .Parjfcr idg' Be tat e Deparr men t Sear /Raster n Dll ¥• Carl son) lov^ 5 Nov 13 TO— JLtoyflsinlatSOTztli- ard ) Hov 14 Koy_l£ Hoy 15 X C^J X ^0 Aut Uov 17 £.W. SUB No. 14^ PURPORT with Abyssinia. Foreign Office states that iference preriously mentioned has not yet taken place but that French, British and Italians expect to renew their invitation to Ras Tafari to at- tend con ference* yoTg : has no sttrplns NOTE: 88 13 !Preaty i)tkl Abyssinia (Sou - 13 the expor t ation of Arms to Ethio pia> Detailed discussion of »• j*\*\* t at ion of arms a-nri Anmrm 1 1 1 on to Ethiopia* There are n tMiforms for the fiubmiflfiion to the F^W. o-OrdnancLe Ne Oompany« _ ian (t< fDx Desires to know whether the Abyssinian Grovermnent sti ll desire s to purchase arms and ammm i t i on • 18 DO: Informatii tiyitlfiS_of H. g. Partri noe Qorp^Hov 1!^ mpsonl r, Ma stern ^Iv oo lloy 1 K 1 ;>• ^^1 ^ Gtir^oe Departmen t 'Tear "^iO stern Div. (0:irlso n) I>^emo Oct. 26 Dec 1 >8 Department desires to know whe- ther Captain H. G» Partridge is aaa^ authorized representative of your firm POt NOTE ^/^ if^ .¥i li^ —but I n Q y spe« oial permission J he is granted a oommission* Desires to know if there is any chance that the arms' ^nbargo in China may be removed. 69 3>113/ Memo, fr m Near sous si on on. munition to jstmopia since with historical references. ^O^re pee 031.11 Field Museion of Natural Hlatory (Abyssinia )/l6 for #65 f Abyssinia (Southard) reeardinc 1 portation of rifles to Abyssinia from areat iiritaln. tcT Copy of art** AFRICA of October ,1^22(5, a London nublioation. DliU ■' • -r .• Pago 4 LISX OF PAPERS Subject : gqulpme n t and spppliea - J— 207 yf < 3 /^4 .: X op; X 26 X 2^ 12£fi. g. ^ ? ^ ^ FROM— Oonmeroe Dept» HB Herbert G. DATE Jan 2 JABl 7 ?eb 4 t^te Dopartnient _. :iear Eas tern p i v . St^e Deportment ^Tear 2s st Divsion (Gl^ risen ) Llomo Feb 4 ADy ssinia ( Sorth- 1 #35 HE Feb 4 SUBN«. PURPORT mitted oirect to the 2Z mil from Department rela.tive to p: DO; "Requests that Depsrtn^ent send a oabler:ran to i.ddis lb aba to ascertain if contracts for the siile of arms could be si r:ned« a conver- DO: I nf omo'-?. -^artri^l^e in sat ion that the jopartment decid- ed it would not be appropria te t ^- send his n e s sojie . ;. If red Ju^rner. DO; Captain l'artrldf;e a[,^ain requests thG_ Dep art men t to send a tgle^cram is Ababa. Jcted; 8'/B.24 to e5tv >115/ ^- ard) # 153 AjpXj^ 15 taota arranged for Aut • i«ir tive T: oner Ralph J« OheebrotuA with a view to developing a trade oppo rtunity for the sale of Imbt^ lean planea, Ethiopians disap- _ pointed with A failure to ^ £ st: a gfttion gponaored 8teffanU ap- Bthiopim that he w at Berlin argaiag lOBiatlo JLi :^:< ':\ fhioh he m! > * via Djibouti^ the Amerioan Military ^ttaoha at Roaa regarding the Ttfly ?^ f^l-^^ the Ethiopian - enoloaad^ » * D L.I8X OF PAPE:R8 A»^^ > HftjgiMit %9A Swtli— - ■> A>y— tnia» Iwyi <-» •r # FROM- 1— ao7 if» ,*. :;■ If • ♦•. ^j -/ •»> 51 §: '' /_» DATE TO — V JalylO \ July I SUBN*. iLi .J;,.-. PtJtPORT g— BB^.11Z/M for * 2M from Iby geinia (aouthMd) f^ydity the arrival in Abylnia of a ahiiw am&a ^ Trt antro 110!I9 Italy> The Franoh h aTing for mflcnown reaaon lifted the i on at Dji b outi # ygj for I 2M mm Ijy ■inia (Southard) regartlgg equip- ping with arma from Italy the joa ixpedi Dantkali Ztal ian road A32^m2^ TJg projeot through their territory^ Italian military taxflcs for the Ith^ ▼emment«*Tyo Ib^to DJihoatland are en roate hy train to Dire Daoua whenoe they will urO ' oeed pert way to Addis Ahsha under their own power« The imnineaoe of the important Ethiopiaoi holiday^ wjny^giri^i e^ and changes which the king oontemplatee making at this time in his offioiala^ Politioal (Smithard) situation with regard to jQie power of Bas !l?afari» No ted i 8S4»00 84«0i iiii reasion a good p ngaa which h .\ H V V . ^•, ' J t^ ■1 ' 1 . i ' - \ - t N I •' ,'..■ J'? '*■». <^ LIST OF PAPERS A - *■ Subject: •/^•*# fey gff Iniim > -t^ t*^ : FBOM 8 Ab«ba tm TO} Mil Juna It ^ SUB No. PUKPOKT ■^- ^. M*|Pi"lM /■/ 1920 V,^ ^ Bale of Qt>gplft •'i- / fl!A 14a Sen t« 17 J ne co o u thar d ) . to ittyyftlnligi ^.rms & annpnition desired by Pri; Regent of Abysainia^Conlefl of translation of letter by Fias ft p, / \ •,• «'.. ♦• . i : « %"' *1. . 4'- . • T '^ X 9 w ) • •-^^^•^•: ^, * . •. " LIST OF PAPERS. Subject: %|M^; 11 arms and ajninunition» Abyssinia* FROM: Ababa DATE. lfill_ ^7 Feb.l TO: SUB No. PURPORT. s PiirojABB of RUBsian rif l es tr^ 1 K i_ \ -i ^^ \ •) vt ^ «r' A -v . :. f^ ' I 9 < I ^, A ' ' -i: - A • A >:. i-. .' ^r .'.--♦; v .'.n^ . I f<*-- . .V ^^ ♦ •'. ..^.>. •' .-<-. . 1 ■ . ■" ■ % ^'■, •3 "I* L "■ ■-■ ^.^-..■b-i.^-'^'.^-V .^ ^ r^.^.. _ >:«£■ ? iiAtitilri f" ' . i^/t-i.^'^L. -^>dikiiJ^ ^kM^ .. i. iilw^ifc*- %v-' ■ JfiJ*.* < W-J < LIST OF PAPERS Page 1 J^CEBT OiSB Saiied loroplansB - Abyssinia 00 00 p 5 1— »' 1928 OO o 'K 2 v^ FROM- DATE Sept l i 00 1 26 1929 Abyssinia (South- ard) # 163 laE X Feb 26 SUBN*. 10TB ]K)T3 PURPORT 24^ Southard Kjqg of Ethiopia to purohaBe Amer- ica n a eroplanes* See 864» 24/14 for letter from War War De partment h as no surplus of ae roplanes and cannot comply )>yith request of Ethiopian government* uipment for Ethiopian Army* BriJ: to fly two aeroplanes via the Su- dan into Ethiopia* Contacts arr^^ ed for .Automotive Trade Oonnissio er Ralph J* Chesbrough Martin and other Ethiopians with a view to having him and others to endeavor to develop a trade op- Amer planes* Ethiopians disappointed at failure of ilmeric^ns to supply planes* See 66^^*24/26 Purchase of Aeroplane Equipment for Ethiopian ;irmy. Gon me rce Departmen requests departmen t to ask v»hat t ype of planes desired and uses fo which they are intend ed* K la X /_^L^ /<-^15^ >15 Southard) HE A' a occur on SeT5tember 20. Ethiopiaji representative will be Ethiopian Minister in Paris* AiriDlanes still bein^ held in Djibouti •French Minify ter exnects issuance at any time of instructions for their release* flonthftrd 1 n^ (Armcrar) H£ y^ /^ \ tio n f O P t h'p COP^ Ethiopia regarding arms confer enoe at -fc^arls between French^Brlt* iah, Italian and ^hiopian represent tatives^ __: Purchaaa of three airplanes ly Bthio ^ p ito Government f one from Qernangr and two from Franca* It has been deoided to have the planes » now at t>outl, flown to Addis Ahaba^ al »?«r. f «ir«h conoerning th« dafraying of coats the plana *^'. 1 .. -W \. "' "^ :*. K r » ,-Zi > » JA »^« CASS \ »*■ Bust 9* >. L.ISX OF PAPERS ^ - >^ ,A « Suljed: A- 4^ FKurrato omos: itsa 1 — 207 in9 ^\ FROM— inU DATE (Sottthard) HE A*] L Aug»16 TO — SUB No. PURPORT ^rohase of three airplai^e> 'by Bthio plan QoTenment^ one from Geraany and two from France* Inforaing that one of the French airplanei has landed in Addis Abal)a# after de f creed landing about distant because of oar bur after sereral days* Further cowaents imiK>rtant side-liehts* !Car_# 439 Itoon 91^f%-9H. *^\^ M%«i*:'i*/m •«.•! S'aO yj /^ pr^ A byyrtnia #258 XSouthard) HE A-L O aT^t i B i Ser>t*6 #110 (Southard) ^o ^ J ^ ■> ^ lhAu>L ffice partmftnt e EC ••♦^ -ui.. 'rench > in Dji- latter w ba*_a' :tea planftfl n date of - until November due to inability of Ethiopian delegates to retich Paris before that tiico* Purchase of airplanes by Ethiopian Government • Informing of arrival of German Junkers plane » the of- as scheduled* King has been per'" susdftd t Plane* 'r:\^^ -3 ... f i^«\va«Xr %'Av# jLJOiag iiiLi ^r\ tn Qonsnlt any whn have also "been persTmrJec^ tn "k- pftrmisflinn nf th^ King tn p:3'p» n ftlrpIanQ for thftir ngn tirq Free transit of Qornmerce into Abyss- 9d "by fhft detention of planes destined for Ethinp B r 1 cvin i n tfl r e R t a# . # Ja< jii I '-- ^>- >J^«» . -I' t ^ I I iii< ••— ■ *! ■JiTif"-- - - — .. -.-^— ..- .m rfi^teiiMMIl iiiMliiil ■M^ii^iMilliilMi LIST OF PAPERS A ', Subject: •!• k i \:\ ^^^. ; *»^ *- .^ . j~ V > §f ^ 1 parlt) 1927 ifill ne aco SUB No. PURPOKT Question of yaoial dlscrlmlnatl •!♦ El^iop: Cor Stoaxo-* Sklzmer Ffrtraot from Juhe 16th issue o Light and Peace ^ Addis Ababa* 2 i^as looted to ^ gnclbsefl article from th at the 2 UOVmBER 6^1936 1 \ 1 i i \ ! V X ^W I f \ 1 1 1 ;\ • \ 1 \ \ • 1 \ : x ^ \ """^ \ \ \ 1 1 \ \ \ \ 1 i \ 1 1 1 1 \ ^ 1 \ ^ 1 \ 1 ^^^^^1 \ 1 ^ • \ 1 1 \ 1 1 1 • « ■---. \ ' 1 1 _ ^m, *^B 1 • 1 \ 1 \ 1 1 1 ' 1 1 ' \ 1 " • \J t • .:..-»*. ^-.-^ LIST OF PAPEIR8 JmO. Suiitd: T^my^t>y ^ - Abyaainia^ // V " »,- 1— aoT mm X z. .1 TO — 11.. / (anuthard ) S& SUBNs. •ija djfftgqltifta in ]tf-^-^ A !•: flM nf a pn'blloa.tlQn •-•« ft^p>^ ^ » Ci^illl C tranilltftratilon ayatfun nf this 4 mjltten flToept In anah InataTinftfl iOTia Tieari ta.Vfln with regard \ •.*. ( ■■<\. 1 > •• 4. r. , .:f N V -'V . .N. ' w . ^.. . * A. ' **■'■ .^ ' . V, ^:i'' •v:-^ 1 -• ' 1»t.}^ ^*». ~-r 4 .r» «.♦ :>l* -j< ,' T « ■■ { « V » » - < ♦ • -» " LIST OF PAPERS Sai/ed: Religio3>» Church- Abyasinia V 1— »7 1927 5: ? AH ;>cjl^ A.^ X FROM— A.UK»27 DATE Ad §21^^ (Park) Oct>12 MM SUBN*. PURPORT NOTE 3 X Ab yxinia (South- Deo 14 "Church of Abyasinia Turns t.'5yffiR4 and 4>5048/20 for letter from Aden (Park) regardng: AbysaaLnian religious sy8tem» Article from New York TTMR5? re garding alleged sdnian col looting press ticlaa on>- I • 4 • mt I Senthara.) regarding t the gbld.opi>| olmrelitMeneiihyif Chrittianit; rhiah ia a Qop ia tHe Aboma> weild fe ^i'iSK^r'^ ard) #111 NE Dec. 15 - iflj:fgQi!!t^ar<^) — the desire of Ethi Holy tlnAm. mterwoYen wl lAHh-Ethlopi \* see PSjse z \ >»' delation of the state and church in Ethiopia • Detailed observations ^ from historiei.1 and political aspects, on the question of ap- pointment of a head (Abouna) of i state church to succeed to the Abouna Matthew who died 926, and who haad of that church ntara c fthur#^h graph! ca.1 d irohet* — Bios_ re Menf^a Itft hi gue ehli^f r>rift«t> "^ . • • ♦ > if •,»•.*. ^'j:,!*' 't •J t > vr. \-. 9ag« 2 -*7^^ '. ** ■/•'v. T,. !' LIST OF PAPERS "f* V ^ r, - •"v- '.» •1 5ti^erf: Ohuroh ani Religious Affairs — Abyssinia ^ 1—207 5: p Abygginia (South- ard! 4 121 Va?^ Jan 16 inJA (Southa # 1.'52 NE ssinia (Souths ari) ^ 139 ns 8 /.b*7?.r>inia (South- ard] # 144 M SUBNa. A ppointment of a new Abounda or an state ohuroh* Feb 14 Feb 18 ISouth^ h '■ / Zflb__2a Peb 27 PURPORT noptjQ church favor the proposed elev^ the present Itchigue Ga Ethiopians sugg e noptiQ head be appointed but wi thft dJRtinct undersianding that he confine himself strictly to church affairs, A further con- e QonseQ ra IhJj as many EthiOT): ho v.ill head districts in t o decent ral- King T. at Dire Baoua -^JJi& DisnuRsion of actual a r^n,nA t.tLti an of the state church with refftrencat to its Influence and the number s of its nersonnel , actual c and other matters. Reference and Kthiopia> NOTE:' - 1 l lQged Gathclic '*cMPpiiign^* in Eth:- ^ op ia« Reports that Italians are v; orkin(:C to enhcnce the position of the Catholic 'huroh in Ethioi:ia throu{;:h the press and missions.^ Commends v/oric of French gatholy Llisslons in education, ,^^^' 755.8 r- ppointment of a nev; .Abo^ of the thiopien State Church, Encloses ^OT^v of an article in the 3thio- p ian official gazette of February 7. 1929. Ho othe rnents. IIOTSD: 70 r^drther Ke384/ develop- t k D O; Ethiopians take attitude that Goptio Abouna oan be appointed gPTK only if the Holy Land properties are re80tred» Translation of artioles in MOKAOTAM ■*! TABi; be the head of sinia (Southard ) regarding d Quasi on of history of Abyssinian Frontiers Branoh of the Sudan I»» frier Missioa, and its oonfliot with tile state ohuroh of Ethiopia itTorst MkMa St j-.j •^.A I ^ - ^^- 't. Vv ^.5*, I -1^ ' • V. * ) 1 Pag« 9 L.ISX OF PAPERS • »^ ; V M .1- r <- ; a^arf. (Siaroh and Rdllglons Affairs - J^by ^■ttl^^ 0C\ I ' I ♦ omcB 1— a07 1929 < 12 (Southard) NE )C3s FROM— AbyWinia #161 ^J167 tliardj, JB_ DATE liar.ll Mar 25 xTi? Abyqg/ni. a #176 (Southard) Apr, 8 na isinia #220 thard) (Southard) M. Jt il y 2 July 5 July2S 1^ M Sent > 27 SUBN*. Ethi PURPORT Trans - ndum documents or sets of documents collected by Russians before the v^ war to assist Ethiopians in estab- lishinf; their claims to religious prooerties in Jerusalem, the sub- ject being known as the Deir^'es- Sultan affair. Appointment of lev/ Ethiopian Consul at /,dd forma that Qommi, ssion from Egypt of fivft rr\Ptm with ent on--* viotory j>^re'jment in Abouna question* Re- ports that — provides for ap- pointr.)ent of %yptian Abou GQnseor.ition of five Ethiopian bishops. Powers of new appoi discussed. Political aaTpect of the — . bOt gurther raport on »-# enolosing tranalation from an Ethiopian JonT' nal with regard to -> ;)0- Arrival of in Addis Ababa on June 28, j redfeptt on, and scope of authority and influence* Report o faeport on subject of Islam in Ethio pia > New Coptic Aboxxna and four Ethiopian bishops in Alyssinia* Reference t' arrival of j-j and further inforaa^ tion regarding the ohuroh situa* tion, the xxnfalforable attitude to- ward the new Abouna, and the delay in assifpiing the new biahops to ■^. ^tdi JL. ^ . 'i. • jL« A •0!MaklBttAd K LIST OF PAPERS ■(■ i - •I f * I, SUkhcL Ctaoreh and B^licious Ati%irn - A^tsinia* f* ;-^ -.1-107 19 2 9 21 ( contlaaed ) J( 22 Ab^inia # 266 (Southard^ NE DATE I0T,7 Hov.l TO — SUB No. PURPORT ihiB four bithopg assigned to Algrssi: Religion in Ethiopia and the sanding of a Vatican delegate on formal and official visit to Ethiopia^ Further information concerning plans and purposes of the Bapal Kji Abay^inia #288 (Southard) NE ]: r^ xm sinia # (Southard) /^ A'bjffaslnla #297 (Southard) Nov. 5 Nov>gl Nov . 30 JHI_ NE Delegate's visit. An unaiMiounoed p\un>ose of visit is to procure authorisation for extension of Roman Catholic Missionary work. NOTE ; 76^ * 84 Religion in Ethiopia and the growing unpopularity of the new Coptic Abouna. Further information oon« cerningj-^ with c nts on reas< for the differences between the Abouna and the Ethieplans Papal Delegation.- Arrival in Addis Ababa of the ,- the >-> Noted! Tfflw^^B of DO- Heception of ,-, by Empress and King. Translation of letter.s of K -V Al)y8fiin1ft # P.99 (Southard) credence and reply of King, 2£ Wt i..27 (tonthard) 2IE. XIM sinia #gl6 Southard) I Dec. SB n Zeodj tn Hftaaona for " Cop DO r Decision for visit haste fear of possible effect a visit of Papal Delegatiea •r-*.. . > .. t"* ■-^'_ . -f. i » V if * " LIST OF PAPERS V€^ 1 Suhfet t Agrioaltural Muse: gthioDla^ miHTDi* omci: lies 1 — 207 noM- Ayssinia #157 ( Southard) f^?9 Mar, 4 y^ Ap r. 12 Agriculture Dept>Apr. 2 6 May 9 iculture SUB No. •>i« sinla #60 -%* PURPORT T>}AlMtft fft MtLSflmiH gove M«)|i Department ni8h«» Co py of abov lOs Spec I3Ql lYlT^g conaidera 'bove •:t • f^ m ^ ^ H- . .. . „ »^^i ^ A ^k^lj-. 1. V ^ A .t _ 1.- *. ., ^X^ . .. ,,/. '. ^ f .■iA. i-^_ * "^fe -^fr- ii--^ V ^ 2- LIST OF PAPERS J«C ■"'i x,•^• SakftcL - * AT:>y gt ii4 a# V ^ /. » f 1—307 19^ 1 .• ;^ /- FROM— Addis Atete I' (Southard) # 107 /^ 1 Ab yrsinia #287 (Southard) />CZI DATE Aug^gQ TO — HS SUBN*. •■ ratfotT Couple t»d quest i *i« ire rm garding Hoy #4 AddJ^ hunting and fishing in Abyssinia NOTE: 86^628 (Southard) #12t liov,9 N£ quireient of offieial peimits for huntini^ in Ethiopia > Baclosimf translation of notice issued by Ethiopian Ministry of Agriculture providini; permit C ♦ ) f I u . aujut Do: I huntini^ conditions in Ethiopia* transad. letter addressed by Vice Consul Aneri pany» Ine*, at Londonf regardi the increased Ethiopian str hunting permits ^ Wb> r ' •} ' Vv t A\ ■:?^^ >; ^^ •'-;•.» , » , > S '-• ••, -y 1 y ./.- A--:- > ' . ■ ;v? k ■ « licJl: «rw^-3? is; fOBHtw •^ fouon. .9f^Ki. -9Jl JJ^ . .T!f L ^_ «5 Mi:tiiit.|ii it J&AS2& < ( I ^ . ■J ' •.,: .'.^' i J I ' • 3f ( ;- :• I n» •?< ^ ■^ V ■ r -^ " . .1 < / ) ■ * . i *. .- V T? >.v I 1nial8 -Abyssinia ( Ethiopia)* % » 9' » *^ *»• SSB 884«d01/za for letter to President DATE Feb .20 SERIAL NO. HOTS I I DATE ■ CHAIieED ♦ . * V'. 'J ■ f 1 ,■» i ^ »1' .1 ■'#■ %< •> tv - » - ■ '^'^- , A : 'i '<^ if ,'^ '■•4.- -HV >-^ Jr j-;^^ . r. ■•i ? ^• .< # ^C. T. .1 >l V: »..»^ '■■»*' . '■ <• f V ^ -*■■*' * .f'l '/r . \ ■.v ( V • * I p ^^T* n \ »♦ r , ,. • » . * /• ^ > .. , . ^ r ^ l, 1 J' LIST OF PAPE OitSB :, <^ ' • SiAltd Aiadienoes with sorereign of Abystinla 1— ao7 1929 f^ 1 SUBN«. X 1 FROM DATE Peb 2 g SUBNaw MntPORT « / 1 , * » .V •/•^ . . • ^ ♦ «* I r ift A^rsMMa igr Mua#B^ «rnL< ri « oar «ia^«a mikwif^ '(V 19M DiAtI July 9 Ht, ratroRT Sm ltS« for fit fk^oAiAfi-* Iftairtw rMldflttt* .f- « « V k '■ > V vitv ,^ • vV** » f ' -t- /•■ • » ,'-- '-•/" - -i *. *■ ^^^ ^ I. i ' 4* ••♦■» '» iv*. » 'W- .Sr i* •• • -. I. i' ^h^V^.- ^'- -' ; : > » w ». J ' • ^^.^ ^^ > 'Vi-- f.. . » t "•• ••<» :4 « « ■ • - V <■ ." » > ^,- •^'. V .i • f * • ..V -^t .V *r * « >. . ■. ■« ■ ir •', ' -4 f;*i^'i^- ^.i. k Iv ^ ..4^. j^.Mi:^^iit0.l^^ ,:.iM~a^ ' L^jtk f i LIST OF PAPERS. •♦•♦^ ^v Snt^ect: BMlffH^lt^ ^ A^wiaia \ 4v • .( r f • 4- ^ dci ^ 1^ TO: T, SUB N«. PURPOKT. ^ AtilTif ^lyrr^ uion of Ful— h— l 21 gr^yt Byjfin m.f J4ily CTL 1 1742 ^•yiaat B3Pit>P>0>to baaw Byit»ooiH» ?* 1' r- ..-? V ' t ( V •■..,> ^ •*• . , . \ Vf » 1 n. f .» ' ' > » .1'. %, ^ L ■ ^ . • »» P-' <^ », < f ■i f » r . - «T LIST OF PAPERS ^■A . /.J.'. > I ; f ' . . r • ■ • L \ SuijecU > « . » » Ibyastnik, ) '■4 ». - /*> :♦' ■r>- v/ T 1925 DATE Oct. 20 r:i SWNa. T NOOE Bfl9t^2L 1929 / ^ MBMU> Xs Jan 4 State Department Boonomio Adviser (Youpg) We Ne ssinia Xftl#I 006 Or on I oar 1928 Deo 17 no tog 684, 001 F.W PUIPORT SEE e84«00/lgl for despatch 89 from Aden(Parlc): Development of Abyss in l and French Soaaliland. R convers ation with Somaliland relative to — Briti s h a nd It a li from the • !• V* 2. JKh vigieneof the - 88 4t 602 / 68 DO: Disonssion and oonn.ent on the te xt| of the -• Su g gests that an instrn o tion he sent to Mr« Sotithard to ke epi the Department advised of any mate r ial developnents in the concession and to orally express the hope th at it will not he used to the detrime nt rican interests* \ JCBiik liUJl t Deo 17 S^SU Boonomio Adviser UhkUtQ y 1?25 Abyssinia Jan 11 (southard) # 116 y f the * put t ^^ena ♦ I -M4 Opad Door policy: i^m erican attitude tovard violation of-^orally {)Iaoed before King and Minister^ but would delay formul written statement unti l a specific case arises, as may in the iposed motor bus Ababa. I^OTBS: 884*516 i. ri •# J LIST OF PAPEIRe rt' Suk/ed CMTOorations - their formation, regulation azKl taxation in Ethiopia X. 1 K 2 3 FROM— Aby^inia (South- ard) #135 NE Ad ^s Ababa #123 (Southard) NE Ad doin g away with direct penaltie s* NQTRfl: 88^^041: 88^ ^5 Registration of Brokers and Regula* tion of Merchants and Kagpidia* Enclosing translation of official Ethiopian Decree providing f o; Corawents on the genera.1 mercantile situation* NOTE: 88j^.>0443 Registration of all coBuaercial or industrial firms or oompaniea op- erating in Ethiopia* ^^IL"* translation of official losing notice and Decree requiring^ ** The requirement is expected to place local trade on a more rm" gular and accurate basi NOTE: 864»J0443< 884 Ifenufacturing Company I more re-> iis* \ ~ *5034-SinW ^ t ".>> •/fry-. cV' V ' r- ^ ' r r. ' V A • »' ' <^-^ rf V I. i ir f. k ■ -*' . w ■ '\ ^ « .'.i I- * r--: ^ A ^ . < t' I'' k ■ » -A ' -: I-. ' ■%■ ■ ./■ I ♦ , * ' t * - ' '. -^ ^.' \ ,< A 1 ..-*- > ^ v^^< . , J v, , ,■ •A .- V- -^ \-- ■ ■f • •■ ■\' r-.. '*■■ > "^ X 1 -X 2 ^ thmti) #128 Oct •51 Nov • 18 NB SUBIi^ HOTS 884«50H/^ outhard) •aelosiJig mtion of official gbhiopjaii D»or< noroial or iadustrial Bthiopii n kmown Mwrican firm n^oh wJLt^ cono under operation (|i»Cf r IMj CoBpawy^ oporatad uader the aconcy at Piar '. A J .». I /'. * ^ ■^^ Xv.. ♦ >• ',.• ■"•1 >. .« > V. /•^s '.>• V < • • t ^ . lV v:> rf' *•>/ » < % »t' > / »-» / . -*'. ^ V < - > • vv- 4^ »i •5^V <• -^ "J/ .< •»«V ■A'V i - f* ■>* . -^ ■ * < r s-'.:'. '%■ •< ■« ■'V „v toioi* milMit Anarioan nationality of the firm* Further information ooncemin^ op ation of local agency of tha Siaga Company » the affkire of idiioh hara Sing< ing Machine Co> of Neir Jereay translation of dooumant ary A^r^ ^f * • . "■t.^i. .t ft k nationality* mhat to^i^ird the C ♦»»« ial protection* purpoeei of offie- 884^034 "Singer -4 ' « I ••' ♦. i » J I ■v" -r n 1 \ fr- U -I'v •-. i. k. ^ ."« . ^. 1 - ^. ?-^ , ^ Vt V V v-^ r--- ,:•• t - , >> iV v» r-Tt- \ f , -T \; y^ SUBN^. fuiraif. ■▼•pp^** Ethl opi • n -Hai3»my#- .StHlnp oft-^r isot..i9Aly..4tcq9«..£h«.-aail..«4Bd.9ttii« — and.-tb»-ooa» t ^ -bxd- ^djji- RailwEy«L.Jiiffli3aiL-:» ,» V»?i •^* -^ - -K »f *-«^ r-^ •^ ^.'M: •i •• t v' ,i/ «*.. '»■ '. I-' «• .♦^ I- -*• •■f { .y y/ i>. V. --» .1* ,v -4 , tt' •rf. «-' 'riK • >• / 1 V Ik ( . »: t . ■ » % 1 •iv •-'*.\ I • '*-i ,• •( • • . • t !* »■ .i- V '^ w ^S^ ' ' -^^V . r ' •- e. ^^. .1 *: 'J .-J • ■'} >i*< V. f ■ . I » '. >'. >L iSit., .* * ^v »- ■f --; i •■> » > * 't-H • /»« >*. s^»- *'. ' ■;■ •> 'r • <» .^^,. \y- > »r ■ •VV; . V* • u» . ^♦^ • • ian Smb. Sept.l JteL.to..^ .--:• PlIlfOtT. 5<: J • Ne Qot...i7 x::;;5 State...Dep.t .SoiIcLb"»-.iBii . <-—Mlifc^^^v^9PMb..^MMsCXL — .-..vwVL. l!i.nij|l..of..SbRi»...txMI% .inft.re^.Qe..in.HftiL.aj96..siauYA -..Bep.Qr.t„.Q0M.Qr6iae!?.* ..iiL.tl)0..Beil,S0a..j»..BA|)oetJL. Slavery in Ethiopia* ^Has inf biroat i" on" r e-"riac£ed What attitude will M. G ttMrjt.lS ;<: yiii: 6 ?A?rMM^^ Aug^.20 .4l. .. .81aXftry..in.lthiapiaA..I^t .— aa-.thftrft-ia-na. Iin>-gap .-.-part.-Qf..fithlapla^-.it,jA .pQaitiQn..ta.-fami8lL.aff: ....aathantlQ ....a-in-that-Qattntry ]fBr«!(|^ jSII&y.a .ry.-in.Ahyaainia. £r(»n..a£ti(ilA..in.tlia.JCanaxa-JU^ lIar«..A/^^.j:e^.3nd..thft..aq;^^: Ne Slavery in all Parts of Abyssinia* j Urges assistance of Pres. of U«S ^>:-T"tGt". Ifrlt'OKiieier) #2252 Aprils . ^ V» TT 4 A "8""'"drMt !^^^^ > ... #16672.. Aug..„.l^ in abolishing -. ???..P.i ..t.:.-.- -jfelA^res :i|irAiS«fii^^^^ f of-?lct.i..cles..fr.<»„IlHF.S...Qf..Ap]itS^; .:.M.4..12.^1S.2.3..re..al.leged...tra.fjflii„lj^ -..alfio...c.opy...8C.'.ii*tl.qJte..Franfiala«?'^ wh.i.cb-.c.OTte.ini!..arj:i.cl.e..ri5-A„ ne_.pi.. .1....I ^Ue.f:ed..tr-af-flO--.la..ftlli».a.-ln.Abyaa: ■■-iaf-Txang.ra.lts...o.Ilpp.lngft..Qt.J>ABI.ML'> __¥F-NTARY pygAT^S^yrou^e of CQp|i_ 14 Pec. 15 7;.. __15 DATE SUB No. PURPORT ^ Dec. 21 <^l^ Aden 4 -.192^ July 10 rji^i lTote;__See_7AaU84/^=_jCQr_ ; 612 ne ea _aco ' June 29 US A X X July 14ljarn5-uia, A # L# ne 3ri • •• i4 fxsm --^ V4U, i:iu o 3 rx nsn 2ilC to fi84.li;Yl8 Xor-despateh #403 Adan-{Park) : Slavery and roani t ion in Abysainia* — Transm i t s oopi es tides i'rom WESTia Ni^TES^ -GAZ Of Jan, 18,19, and 20 ; Gomme ntfi _ Ah V^i i ugt 6 ne. ace 16 rient m article that tiiere ?_J5lthin 3ritisli Lepat ion, ._ in Abyagjnla and Sed Sea Dja Atfcitudea adopted ^ three Gxeat ^ritaJHy ?ranee and Native attitude a- and that — of rulera ia. slarery districted Proposal of_Raa Taf art for_priigrfljal aellL UJberation olL a 1 aarea in^Ethio- pia jtbru tv^^ir^ eaqployxnant^ b y fore capitals Copy_ of letti from London _with extract fron the London TIMES on aubjeet. Cemnent regueated^ _ '>i^ li'i • i^en^Sl (Park; ox?- (Par!:)" [17 DO: Ckipy of riM|(i«ated DniM^va^ ftirendeoia saud#:iAiI Department haa no cox^y of rsporte statement iafJka Tafari* Suggoste Chicago DAILY rrffWSj aa containing iigpportant paa a agea ( 'partut t.ar^'' from Ethiopia and further cq!^.« nent on slavery. Circmnstance.: loading^ up to^-a Ques t ion of slav- er^ discus se^b^tlffe en Bishop Ofwyim a visitor to Addis Ab aba^ anH -i^ — True cause for p a thy with him » — Aotivitiee of ^ as Taf a ri # C o py of fl^lB L ondon TIME S o f May 25^1927 > Not e d to 703^^8 4 — DO: _ Cony o''-art-G?n Pr.-^r^-^lnd ^^^-h"^ -, «• s n i r ; ' an Pn 1 n r— Of i? f^rz to .M:c T, iii 7 r^.rr ^ V^f^ -^ ^*^ .-^T c:^ic^c- DAiix-^rr::^ of Septal 62 20 aoo ■ ,. ar c r. ->,^ -V .• -.1 r^i4^-^f art t i c 1 c r ei^3-r r c4 to in Lo ^-4;^ informo^- of r G-g-^jilts Ra s Tetfari 'S t^eapope e to British p res conment upon Ethiopian alavery and Aa erioan. enterpri8e» Sncloaea co py of letter dated *^iine leth to Ras 1 Landcn TIMES or May 2 AlsA / ^ ii^fi laDrmia orrici 1—823 Jatcket Case Pare -1rZ LIST OF PAPER Subject : Slavery, Co mpulsory Labor, Peonage- Abyssinia^ i rRHfTwo omcc 1 — 20^ 1927 X 19 FROM— (Park) .%t.l2 A 20 DATE To- ne T (Park).. Oct*12 / o 1 ^ 22 )( 23 ^ 24 A d-S^ SUB No. PURPORT i ^50 1928 l^eb. 6 [Al drid^e ) Jiu.e 2 Jan 5 ne Slaver y in E th iopia; .?nd . ojC._B- Gwynne incident; Po litical signi- ficance. Trnnslations frnn OOp.. an <-> ber 10th ; oxtr ac t s^ J'ron Jla tt — fron Addis Ababa ar.d Xrora Heu» _tnrs '— telQ grans ;^- copy Jiixf-^r^ti fron SAST AFRICA ^oi^ lavery In Abyss inia^ Comna n^j^_transTnitted by-De-. _JBre55^ comnent and oi! conpleti" History of Abessines by Job -Inodo lphu s • Aw a it i nr. re i'rom r^li^ious men ^ Addis A b a ba ttaicin^. r- ^;o ted t^o- 2 o>008-i /:• 7 "or , 4 froM Adon ( Al d r i d <~ e ) r c !^ e. r d i n ^ ' ; 0?i u ho :.n-':cirests of British Governr.ent ii* AbYss'.nia is to proy-='nt slave raic j i_-i:i c ^cro3.s 3r "-::'.sh. "b or derst Hep o rte d Frictiop between the £thiQ- f jp i k n ^jovernnsent and the British Legation at Addis Abab a, tthiopia , Press Bri tish >Dress exeerp tfc« Koted to 7 MC2£ jaefi 7.01^4104/^, £Dr,. #53 fr.oz.Mr:z — ia. 4-SQ-t"riardj^^r-e^=;aruarg- c o r . rai i B.OTE use. of Ab ys si>^.ia.n offiri i a.1 i r; tfir - pret^rs by f or-^i-^n- _Sion^ ^n Ab y ssinia » u. t l3 I T.l ^4B A^,l/l61_:£Qr_J11,'5 from si nia(So-cthard) regaj: _1 ii:^ JLhe _ tr.q.v^Rmi psi nn of r>.Opy cle wiil oh appeared 'in New Yarlc TIDIES iiiLjaiibjeQt of Et nio pla jCailnrB._t_0._amL slavery > Qom- .ments.. J52I . _:±lb ar L- . \ 1 LIST OF PAPERS y#f ^Buhjetfr— _Piaanalal 1—307 1927 SUB No. X - A 1 FROM / DATE Mar. 31 1929 ibyssinia (South- Jan v'^.4 ord) "" 124 -1-.^ ? SUB N.. NOTE -4r PURPORT SEE 884.24/2A for 884.24/2A To F^an < Mar •51,1927 Re; ProTX)sed shictnent of arms through the port of D,ji« bonti and into Abyssinia, t-^ Ham- bleton and Ck)», who are ne^tiat- ing a loan to Ethiopia to cover purchase ir U» S» n of 5Q,0QQ pound s by h to Ethi o pia , — Points out s ignificen a e of f « that ' Pi a hii. s no ^vublio debt, uixL -t h a t lo a n ro s y b e for politi re^^sons , 3 \ /■ \ f ' '. "i^ T Sahfed rnomcm 1—207 ^1 X z Xa FROM LIST or PAPERS :Pan:e 1 j:.ci:ht C/.S2 122a DATE Feb 9 ?Soiittard) _ JUxmlJI SUB No. :?DJ3 Jtefo2l_ t •.•>»* aee e84>512-Motor Vahioleyi for PURPORT See r)G4>003/E fro # Gl fron: Addi Ababa ( ^ out herd) refardi v_ r egularitios in operation of r.- thiopian ou st cms «>^ erviQe« } -: ^ s w >: duty impo sed in ad dition to re^;- ular duty> letter f «!ff Ocanaroe Dapartment Qontflinti ^ m reqnegt for a report on gaaflitlon of Motor Yehioleg in TOCT See 884>512-Motor ▼ehiclee/4 for Report ^h from Addle Ababa egarding the Taxation lthiot>ia> 1 ♦ • ^' < t > -i hi t y ^V > ...^.\' • . * »}-« '♦ :.t: LIST OF PAPeR3 Jacket Case page 1 5ti^ttrf. - Taxation on Motor Vehiclee in Abysainia* itM 1—207 < 1 FROM— yg^ CoBBmrce Deot* 1^^ June i:. A-C/C Trade Maniial. Note 864 .512. # > (Park) (Southar d) #125 N0Y>1 .HE TO — SUB No. PURPORT Renort on Taxation of Motor Yehielee in Abyssinia requested for publica* tion in the Autoaotive Foreing whiflh will unH^r rt^rrmttt* stancfta fraa t tion Yfthifil >^ >^v LIST OF PAPERS. ♦ #♦• Sabject: ^^tary ^stea* Curreaey. Hlnt^ Abyssinia 1925 r- FROM Admi- DATE. TO Jan 15 I irooelvedi np ea fia pi SUB No. PURPORT. X-1 1929 Nov > 28 -v^ Abysainia ctotermiaed to l»ap tha Itaria gfaeresa dollar^ reportg relative - JSQIS. A 2 Not* 30 See 884,5151/1 for # - from Addia / HOTB l See 8640 5151/2 for #lgO f — % > It Addia regarding; ooin^> log by the Bthiopian QoTemnant t of eabsidiary ooina in v of the charter of the copy of i^ich ifl 1 i englpeed* V -~^ .-^- -^FT" LIST OF PAPERS Subject: Exchange - Ethiopia. iioTKii>r%»rwT mnrnwo orrrcm: inn 1 — 207 19 2 9 FROM 1 A.dd is A'bfi.'bfl. tSQiitharji)_ Nqv,P8 (Southard) DATE TO — nn im SUB No. Page 1 J,C. \ 5i I rp^'>Tftmfirt1n£ ahovft report with '| r of thft nhp^rtfi nf t.hP T^flnk of A.' byfta^lfi trad a. Noteci; e?.4,.^16 R-'i1..Filf> » 1 (JACIIT GASB) LIST OF PAPERS Subject : Bunlcs and banking in Abgrsainia m mim momcm 1 — 20*^ 192B 1^ X 1 x:^ / FROM DATE Sept ♦ ZX 1929 Jan 11 507 a5D SUBN*. HOTB :i]?n£__Sflfi NOTE PURPORT 6Q /2 for ^ from AbyggJnla (Southard) re^rding proposad Bthi Bank iopie backed by the Beinca Aasayaa and Corop any^ Moaseri i Affoyttr ffinrl Ciet and S»Japhet and Coiiq;>ny ^ hold e r s ession for ICthi on o raiQ devolopr. e nt i s — Ba nking and ^n obst-AOl e iias b oi en c ountered in the form of 3 -on v;i th th^ chart e r of th e S ee 684^515 et- lOyssinia, 2 for #130 from Addis regarding i enQloaed^ s . (1.^1^ .\ C- ■ - -*" ^ i:-. . • . f ».- it ''■■_^.^'*-^' ; ' ^- -1 , 4 • LIST OF PAPERS Sukftd Lands - Abyssinia 1—207 1928 SUBN«. Kl- ^ ^ FROM Abyirij ^ inia (South- ard)#Ql NE DATE Nov .5 SUBNa. Confiscation of official or private PURPORT property in Ethiopia for actual or charged offences against the Qov- eminent Translation ft iunharic of official property De promulgated by Ethiopian Qove: on October 24 > 1928. which is in- tended to end thej*** General ob- servations on historical aspect^ with comments on porjbions of decree. NOTE: 884>/044. r^ ; 4 .^. ^.-i._.-. ft^-^.dtf.-^ .:^»-^ Jk^ife-^.. V «. '-■^^a*-^ .-f* *--Aj-.» ^^■■i*.... ^. . J k L.I ♦ i ^' % \ - Subject 4 -. .> •V Moiiflpeliaa^^ Cone»««l of>s > Ibyfaliu ^ V l"^^ ^ ^ FROM DATE. TO: PURPORT. Bneloses rtport r%^ Bata -' * y 9 % Mv. or •1 \ I » • r ♦ H^Mlls Qom vrsot • ^A jU. iX JtiU • * V » ♦ Oct .23, NOTE SKE 8 84»00A27 for #166 ftpca Aden fDavli)Oct«28^1$2S> re:»Hotos Hov^? -':j^ ;im: Abyssinia reooJTed from Mr« ^illems of Podge Brothsrs^Se^ ports r e the granting of yn oonoess ion s or Monopolies al ^ny different lines* 884»00/l29 for de3p> 166 fagom AdenCDaviB) rerOonoessioas : Infoznation natoh jiL Ne ea j^l and oonoession oontrQiitng at Ion of flax 8eed> '^ JBrltl Abysfli nian CtQV trol hop ea t Britain (Ke llogg?) ne sent t o A1 • lu ^•j.l re'oort May 10 HOPE S2E 782>84 /- for despa ! from Egypt f Howel 1 ) : d fsrfDTL of of Jforthem Al L_B]^_attia^_JK th e Hile, waa not obtained i Prinoe Ta -^-PJ^ri •Wftiranen ^ Beg ent of Abysai nia y bnt through an a ide reliable sonroe of Bng Srltala iM 8 i — liwMiia Bft^MLjl I » iritlsh Q( ii int e^»ion in Alyasin! lake Tanat Hftaity has li|<« ii# ^ u^) fit wold >e 1 Uiswiatie: ►,' M^u 1 -f- *;a A 1 w .ss^ i Styfo D^partaMmt l6»r ftft»ni.DiT» (Wadwiorth) . • 1 <•■ Din UhWrnl mi 5«€. gya. U3U3A ^ D«0«6 i«4S HB Aty^slnia (Southai d) i>= IS B»l» of Urtrolw IiP<^» to [i- •MM^app ^Wflir^ 4^ %jHP*^Rp Bgrpt* *h» aogtaira a jnonopo farm to I l aj I > II >i ■; for the sale in gUiioiiia #f p»^ troleum produota^ iaeliid •one and oandlaa* ororidad la the only Method of • '•.trade in the conpaay * i^ tra MOM: sey^ Hi *>- "♦ tr^ r AmJ^~—L . .^m. tion^ as aborei oonoerning petri^ eum etorage in Egypt and other BMitter • • Do : Copy of extract fro» aboTe (! ' , . M randitm> Inform Departnent datee on which it i« planned to 1928 in Aden« ' 5 k i 4 #178 AWeinU 4- (Somthard) Vacyfam Oil Com* Pi>By (a>h> V 5. lfctedoB>ld ) t ? - • June 1$ with MU J" irandun ■Ml Hot ♦ 14 The ooncesgion for eale of granted 1905. to Chrieto lkpad( by the late B«>er or ! Co py enclosed* Monopoly not ercised* BOTE n f f • .ii < *}»k ii' » « K. ' r' ^ . k- *!^•/>: '; Jt- ; . ; / ; .>-^^ f ' ^vu '. » »-•> . • -5- >.■ «• k J , t% vi*-- 1^ *«f ■ - S i ■ •' % ' * . ' I • , - . ft ■r -^. i^^i ■■ , j^. ;.._... -J. . , - ^£.*,r ^7 _.* ^rvi t iM^'7f[r«E^ ■'-i^ eb*^r ^t^tJ ^iA ^A %. '^-.rp-' % > ^^^^^^■S r -, m t' ^Hr • ^* ^if"^ V A U?^ « /; -"i^' i '.t m .-^ 1 1 ^ If k^iiiiitf liytoiAiii % ' LIST OF PAPCR8 Pac* 1 ?--t m K rt t tocT i Mtf.l>ltlOB»- ithlopUu m» i—m A 1 •i^ ■Maa«i I^ lfar.4 TO — SUiN*. ■on .,t- See 88i> 4061-AgrieBltiiral MoseWl . for-#187 ftp^ Atarf Inla (Somthayd) regarding Itliioplaa Agrlctdtixral MaeatuE, to ihicfa Atyflinian Qor% aent has iznrited P»S« to contrilmta 1 i" bi**—** » *.' KSSOBS ^'W^. J -$■ ■ •<• «• m Stthjed: Affi<«atTr»" A l ysf to li^ > <\ . -* V V < i^' ^\i 's\ '♦ , * ■** 1925 V. I ^4> v '^% ^ --- Ad«& DATE fg^fl* «. t Park .fl97 ark) Affjdrm Mo ^926 Jan#4 Oct. 15 aeo SWNa. 5|.V -*• I, PUtrOKT r>. Requaat fyom the Offtreratent af A'bygslaia for an iaeartldan AdHtiai e tor of a ITetr Prejeet^ a!raHaiita no oa aoo AgricuLture De- translations in gaglish and of a ooosaxii cation datad Octol^ 2^1925 regrdiay^- rtesons — , ow proJoot In Al)yg8lnla for wfaloh a n Aasrioan Admlnlatrator is doslrod * Inforras of remarka made on thl anbjeot ty Poet or fliotnas >n xn\% Anertoan Dlreotor aol Surgeon of t lafarl Makonnen H08lpttal» ne ea ace 1921 i>u g» 2 % 3. 1929 fi^crn t)l a^ a for an isreirican a necy ix p:Dj ect> Encloses oo'py of despatch Fi6»94 dated ITo^yein'bqr 19 « frcm t!he Consul at Aden concernin, Pepartment lias requested Consul oral KaliDh J. Totten to ©"btain addi^ tional informatiori regard ing*-^ when a report is received , you wil l^ "be advised. i Develg|)Bqent weekly p K..ST A F H TCA itary officer l5_ ce from el ther bion wi th a mem la S: i* * '- 1 1 ; • i^\ 1 8tata— at a ^ttaohad Qltiaaas SEE 126#008V^ • iii Aden (Park) regarding Anerioan aentation in Ethiopia! further c o responden ee Trith the Hetceirt* Qdie .viser for ''Society for tl t of Agriculture and tural Muaaum> Trana - I ^ I ■ r •• !'-»>j 'tA r^*»^ \ : ^^%^fe t.^ ^y* u 'S%\ T « ) ^ •s [ y I I r- \ p ■jy 'J. I .■■ L.I8T OF PAPERS Ht9 1 K V. . 4 i'' /.^t. •: Sak/ecL ,>i PMtg Aff •jtiac Plaat Lif • > Aligrttittto -* ^ <'' ^ f »* -X: - r ^4>V 1 9 2 9 r •' -r.: .' y^ «Ai ON 1^ ii V • 1 ^»^**r il >^ I FIOM- DATE TO — SUBN*. •»a III. HI y FUtPORT >^' Kl t . .•i' .;^ ] . . 1 '' t. . , .'. '^ * •: V r « , ' V w ■ (r . ." *- >:, .•". *, • "I ." ♦ ) ' V* , ^': •^ :■« -4* 4'-:* V < =s: *^f> LIST OF PAPERS Suhfed: iifci , ^- -U/. ^r ^ - --.^ -^ -- 'lA i|jW ,^ ._■ a, ^ ^tAftfak^Su>i^t«^ . ^_.j.JE^_. ..:.>lA^:.>^*L_ ^^V^_ "-»■>'— -^ ■' — v*-.^ -^^ JL ^^ -» .A^^ ' TN v:." ♦ , Jaekttt •T^ J f <»v^ 1. •f, •!<- *-■; /: ««i >\ •i-'V*-."" C. f. LIST or PAPEIRS .' . ^ ' » t >>7: , f... I' •4, ! . ' -«J < « \ -■ •»r-" •^ >- ' ^4 .^,.r -^^ '^-i Ji' 1 f » fl I Suh/ed: C€f^m^m Abys ainia ( /•* V ? ,^ .* •» V 3 ^s Add 18 Ababa (Cramp) Report #* 1936 lllar.28 ACC NB SA SUBN*. !?y:ElSee 884, C ard) regard PURPORT ationnaire anea *.»jf« invest- ply by (^olonft] on bQhalf of the ?nr.t fee plantations ♦No ted 88^602 f. f J'r ■ »-r flillt* 1 LIST or PAPCRd flhaip Bai«ii» - AbyrtnU i 1 LIQT OF PAPE / ^^-- i.e. StU(ftd Game Laws - Abytsinia* -i^^ --^^ ;ci DATE lov.4 SUBHtw 1R)T1 PURPORT 1 -^ Li trans- lAtion of a n otice istuad Ipy the Ainriculture lequiree permits hunting In ATar eei niaa Bl ted. ewiatt / / * t > t ^^ ^^^ .. '^■^^-^' V ^ « V ' , >. ••i* ■. •*! J - 1 ^ #■ ^ ' / ' u • 1 'S « > • > \ ♦ \. ; ■ -■ ■ ■ (J'-zp-;*^^ ■ . '^ •-■■'^ *''V* ^ ' , ■ . ' 1 • f ' . J ■A. • \ . . * * ' ' • • ' v. W •% 9 ' ' • %' ■■' X • .'■•■■. . . ' , »v :V ... ^ : , t . ' . " ^ _ .'.• r*^ i; »» r ■- ^ rfi.^^ -C ¥^ LIST or iF" 1 » • /• ' t *-.• 'pl • -TA--ta-33elt»--B»tlTlti#» 11 TA 00 la ir i t i sH act iv it i es' ag"aln'st''"5me r ican^^ "i nt e r e s t s i n'X^-^r 9 3 i ri 1 ai"Kno^ no American cOTnpaiij'' interesteJ •. '^i in obtaining mining ooncessiona Llentions Armenian "bearing Am, passport in Adis Abeba for pur pose secBtting mining ooncessiott s nambe'O^OTyiiBljr'S.Kir 3 X >^-3 Ma r. .29. .C.5n?ne roe . .P.^p.tt . . .ta ►njrieil Q,ommx.o.^. . D.ep.t.* .Apr»...5 ><^-.-4-J...Ms?i---M?2..1South>rd)^ 1^. at ion re-« 2A tA I Brit.,..ao.UYi.ti.es.l.n.A"te^ K i n i n£ . .G.Qm . . .M.O u r ©d. . mis.^ - M.Qns..i.rL.Ab^5J5iJQLi^:..Mt,_-3Jri'K-. -t.ejr©J5-tJ5..pjwj5Xiadj&.- 6 Jas. Hsmi^i^on re- Aug.2 TA :X, Bayart"c'6n6e'8"sT6nV"""TransmIts' c'op^ of -. Deposits of Potassium' chlori X...6- J.tWljripM Idl m Aug. 19 N®..4.* *• M..?*.-05--Pi .^i - ^ A.^^^*l.t<.d& <^B^ ilK^^.^ (Kf "iitttir at»g.-.iJi4aBtJtJty--i|i» ..^IlliBfmtiLl..R»Dort..re..«..for-yi|ai^) „inC-JP-Mit..ai^92U. Aby88inian„Mica„.Depo41*.t....Irft: rBQort..rfl^ si^Ufllili^aiil^i& \ •^ ir-rii'-j^i -ii-irtli-M'i"^i'fe -'.■"JfiifffiH-Tt- >it'i K&ik^jikiik^ A^>;Afc«r. . ' .^ ■\ LIST OF PAPE , y ^ * SuVecf .• :. ^49®?. .¥.M5£ A]^29.9.4j^Aft 10 \ 1923 %v \ V J ^ C. noM— FimQ-®-MQ.il Apr...6 DATE. (Mitehpuse.) ne ea c y-pi ne.ea.p.i SUBN*. FUIPOIT. ( ►cooes j.ionjB.. for., mi^ 8pme_.pf„thg.„'?texrit^^^^ iaf..lleports..re..caIl._pf._l^^ ]^.t-.Ai^.,..with.BelKiaugL.,...^^ .^Z8Jl.il?^.ia.»..M?-»..YaJnL.Aen.l^ M--JfiPpm.A35ys8inian.G^^ --.4!fe%-. Joseph, interested. lix.-Q-Oi^^ 8ipn.&..anxipu.s._tp._as.c.er.tai ^X.^'y^Xfi.Afi.M^.XX^^.Xt^.^..^t..^xiK Xii 19S5 A.^P.^AlMffcl^ Ino. J jm #^^^ e.8.tal)l.isMng..Cpn...pj!..I^©U-.a.t.._._. M.dis. Abe))s.4i....Br.i.t.t..anxi.o]ia...tp oontrpL.Biue..Niie-..re^.anaA--IiifQr ma.tipn..re-.QQnQe.s.8..i.oij8A-.Q-t)}9r--fta3ai les...p$.ing..to...ob.tai.n.QQnQftaajlfini ..n.ot^^„.*e5_fqQ84 inferos tbey haTe in ▼lew tglclng ^ I ?eb. 17 A. Al ne .12 Aaftn 19.1 Oct .2.8 .ParX Alatary .11$.. -©.(i-.. ace. ..CMBe.ro.U.l...trei^^^^^^ ...twctnxln^..hu&infiaa-.dQne..b^ ..-.thiS-.-C-OLmpany... I!^8.sage. _f_rom_L§inl3lf .a_t..AdA.s..Ab#-te^ .t..Q...Q.Q??^-._^.?l™.dia.t_e.ly..i.n..o.o.nn.e.Q.M ^.^•_th_ raioa_..o.o.n.t..rap_t.._.B.e^8p.n..fox. urge.n.qy...n_o_t__.k.n.ow_n__.b.u.t_.wi.l.l...lD.e. .Qb.tai_.ned_.. _R.e_qu.e.s_t.s_..i.ns.t.ru_o.t.l.pni3. :< 5Janji25 .__.Ad en. i.-J. 13 ^Wh Pepa. tnont d ogs not favor the .?.el,.#.-..6...2j^..». ...ne.......f.p.:. foun of intervention vrhich is ap- parently desir9d__f rem _3r_o^^ case. 2^.en ri instances v/lBre ■ / .Q.cn5iil^\.afiiBistaace-i-s-^-o]9e-rly Q2:tQndQd-.to-^-pa;i:tic;aia3?--Aa-apioai .Int.e.r.ssi^-D.epar.&iQnt.-cannnt-par- .nii.t...that.±ntQraa_t..ta.-defrav-tIie .G3:;p.onae-CL._ihQidQatal..thereta«------. JLastr-uatlon s ..aoncemins-— igve&- lisa.ti9.n..oX.-QJiar.actQr..-and..Qrtejttt pf„jie.eLQL§.-X.ox.-.affiaial.JciBJrican.. !■' LIST OF RAREIRS T^ff 9 ■r/ -;f -iM ■#. Saliect: ..IJJ2dJI - --..miJiK..- .-.lbyj|JlJj3L4a,. V r ♦ 1926 «,F' -t: •>i ? FIOM— r. daH Mar. 16 < -15 iuc^ZS ne ea aoo SUBN*. HQTE 19Z7 yc 16 - J ft.-J>epar-tjnBJit^--j3Qiiaiila.tB^-ATid - ....£rani.I)rA..XMnifi4.--rfigftrdln^.eha£r ....aQ.tera..and^4nirpQBfift..QX..Kr«..Sq^l ....Fi!an]c..Hl^lfi..and..thelr..reJAMons ...-Wi.tti.-!^hft_.--|.actiilJbaa-.Qf-S^ra:-- a..EinanQa..£cadlDg..CQQ^iiy^- can-Jlthlapian.-Mica .Mines .- CoT.pai5ettlQu». ?EE.-.84fiaai6S/4.for.DM|wfefih.j228 .iidn...of. nigral ji.ix3LAbyaalniaA.QB#i .tioxmaim.oaL^*^ -«^jfjfojrt5..Q;t..tli©.<^xaerl_oaii.Sa:wi-.Kehala ....Gi«]ap..tQ.fla-Y.e.-tlielX-Mca- -Qonoaa- -. .5lQii.li}-JBfcMQplaL«....S©T.eL»-I--€!naI^^^ -..j»t.cM5:..aM..t.©.Ifigr.am8...exahangadL-. ....c.oiia©jpx.ixig--.L-. ... Sulli..c>.f..So.imio.a .againat.Tha.i^ioarlQ . - J^t.Mo.plaii..Kica..Mind&..Qarpajmtio . .Furthar.infariDatlan Jwa-A iSapJ^Mf ....af..pri7atd..nata..frQm..tlie..Britijli ..jainiatfir-.at^.ddis.JLbalia^..Qot« .11, .19.27.4 .with/fnclaauraja^letta^.fro .. .Britiah-Qansular .Caurt -in -the--i*e>ga' ..tian^.Siiinmary-.Qf.. dealings -with— ..^ritifih.Jliniater^ aQTJlJS©.0.7.6C,84/12.fpr..#106..f^^^ lalSQB-ti»r*)..r.egardiT3g..Arr.ej5.t.-.Qf TBlllQ..P&a-t.Qjr.i.f..Ijt8liau^.-)>-e5e»5..e .h©..im.d5r.tP.Q}c.negotiiatipna..wl*li... ...iinj5rifta3i..-i.nt©j!ei5.t.8..jffir.. ...Qf.aQind. .Qf .Mfi..ziiin£ral...olai2os ...ELtMopia.»inc]i.ia..a. .yifil&.ti^ 1 _ the Pasi5ifi.tl-.P.0llQy.« m « tr ./ \l- LIST OF PAPERS Page 1 J.C. Suhfed : Mining Law and Regulations - Ethiopia* nrrranrnifs omos: I9SS 1 — 207 19 2 9 1 FROM— DATE Addis AbalDa #133 Decl4 (Southard) 2 lAbyssinia # 311 -^ (Southard ) Dec • 26 TO — KS NE SUB No. F m PORT Ethiopian decree for the reflation of certain kinds of mining operat- ions*- Encloses translated copy > 130: Protest a^rainat the >-. decided upon by the Dip lomatic Cor ps under the right ned in th sky treaty of 19Q8* \. r^ 1 > • » 1% t 7 i% LIST OF .« .'- / ?^ 1' •n-j" Coal * AbyitUU ^ -V 1»J ■f "r /i Apr 2 Apt 3 i]^ggl< Inf erior Dept ao p aoo 1 in A^geinia; Bftqi»sts additld: liiformatio& on -• \ 1 QqixsvlIbt officers a t;. Aden> Arai^la^ and Qairo^ B boing directed to report .guoeastii Ateresinia and Britiah ipfifilte inforaatien te six wee3cs# diffienlty in obtaini ng report in f ony * it . -.y *-^ LIST OF ■♦♦♦■ Sobfect: A: ^. -|»iU ■>/I^i x^ 'V- ■ -' v'. . - • 1 f 1 ^ V # « <- 1920 \ J tT^ 4-;^ dn #9657 (Bldnner) .« » / DATE. May 25 June 7 ta CO SUB (!•• PUBfOIT, Load' 1103^ f M \ '^ nner) #9716 7, 1920 fnr re; Jtme 8 I ta CO iin> Q2U ion ^> i Rep orb 8 route to ir'*< ^tu •^^ I » I » Jtine 21 Brit> Tel. 657 y the I>H^?i>y (Davis) Tel> 985 nofin^ Jtme 25 Ml Til ft to Qfinf^r?" A \^ ndoai Ifi have Interriew w Blioul n m » f ^ • -^- Tfave nonsuited with AnglO'^^ 14 ta ca flcials Sc ♦ i# erem a ooomp a ny . — ' -*^ 4 J^ '"^l.!' I _ __. • t If -v^lJuly 1 * *• O Lqn^j^ CO Aden r» mrtlL ta CO iytam( ariTmer| jltailfiaa^d-Oil^Oo* in AlifaaiJiift* -^ s from^^ latter JD^lo«tt6 1 - : 41fyP»4MlfeL;Dagt»:*J|^ given tJ3e^lswJI*on«. i^^ piopSfa iiiiL^ July -14 .1 . A TA CO ^ w. f V » t •• /." ' < . -T Ji. J • t) •A.^iit^ 'f C 1 i ' •. ■ . Ji ;^ amy ed i ^i. ^•> Anerican search for oil in Abyss! ■ ia^Encloses extract from lett -^Wii from Anglo-American Oil Co in London fro m Ma.1> Rooney set position in Abyss i: •lUHi rftprftHftntatlve nf ignated to pr Ahha,ha» Addis >-s"4 . •r*3 ^^fis ■ »^ ,2^^'.. LIST OF PAPBR8 •♦•♦^ Salffect: PetPole"uin Al)y8sinia HNMI 1920 r k^'t :m I BATE. ta CO TO 11 »"> -^ 8UBN*. T PUIPOKT. j llqrttinia»At>a for copy :.,'■"" ^ > ^ )C9~\ A<^t«400 (Southard) :i J uly 44S[S July 29 < ta OQ • ta 00 Heport July 10 1 1920 re*» Oil re- cently ditoovered it a Brit«Syndi» '&9. oate endeavoring to get oonoeasi for exploitation entire 15iig>ire» uthardj > I Hf 5e»t>2> Zom mpoe Dept> 11 3ept>2« ^ ^7. H. El lis 8 loitation of Abysaini oession by Angio,nn^Qii qq. Do» Further r I •:'' ta ff»H»Klli9. ta 8 Aby9ainia>Copy letter from W>H» of « * I > requea t ing information Conditions in Aby8ainia»Informe le Sent > 10 TA on,#10127 pept«6» Hollie) ter re» referred to Oonaaeroe Dept for information* K • ta CO _ . W.H. BIlis • ta I • Donditions in Aby9 3inia» Desires c of Arn> Qon» report at Aden^ re^ ] '•on Id be f^lad to have Govt take' i J ' . . . . Ill , his concession. Oil in Abvssinia — — . — i t i T ■ in firreat abundance* '" j lnglo-Amerioan oil expedition to h 11 Alya8inia»Quotea letter Aug* 26 aiipied \t^ JBOBS H oitea reeent experieneea of Bigpe^* ton whioh dition proceeding to Abyaainim to dOTelop oil oonoeaaiona in that ootintry« pept> hg^a no oopiea of resport ftroci, Conaul at ^den re to Abyaainia 14 Bap e «•» :.s .■ !^ ot.l8 A(^ (Southard) re conceaaion v/ill be carefully examined* •""'"" Bxp>oitation of Concession in Abys i inia by Anglo-Aiaerican Oil Qomp^ 13 Ang3 (Eameal TA W' y« Additional information re thej H.M^Baghdasaarian Con^ Anglo«^ABi» Oil 00* a conoeaaion in Abyaainia* Dept» informa repor re- of exceptional value* Situation in Aby nhu TA ?■, ^ 16 •A.Sariea I .^v Sams a - ^i« "••^ Oct. 29 'W * * i TAl • , k : ^' ta JJLmoL ^cxnpany will arrive m jsi.Y. aya and will o further with Dept. arxer inter Tiew with him re-« AngloAmerican oil ccmpaziy'a oonoeM communicat oiatii in London re and will mm oomnnmicat ~f are on h. half Q Q for Q Tnf.JT'ft Rftwf.ftTm proY. of *-<4..s ^^^^^r ■^•' -^ ; - 1920 - * PtQH X- DATE. ta Nov>l^J London, #- TO SUiBllt. kinne -=. . r'l PUSPOBT. i\ X^Nov.30. ^.o ..'O. ly^: Dep L^ ^.-...1, 30. C>A*Karoe Efforts of ^iiglo-Am»Oil Co* to ob^ tain petroleura oonceasion in AbyS ' 3inia» - - ■ ■ ►noessions in Abyssinia obtained by j Anf^lo-Aoerican Oil Co» ^uggeate ingeyrnatlon re- be g tloby Qoameroe Dept* ^ 17a Southard) Possibility of publishing g^eit) ral i facta re above* 4 Efforts of imglo-*AQ»Qil Go* to ob%al ' a petroleum ooncesslon in Abyss in ia*Refer3 to previous oorresp^re* Full credit given to L'outhard & Consul Gen* at London for valuable Nov. Ill -U' assistance rendered in ne^^otiatinj the concession* • - - -■ Exploitation of Ajtyyssinian concess ion by the An d)Jan» l ta Tel* 1921 ^ \ ' m by Qome to trolenm tiTne» founds quant l D90> 29 qnaeeerta ed> Br it • rep* in Aibyssinian oo poration resulted in protest ground relation of apparently secret clanse bet* Brit* ^t.. & ^tali 0ovt*8 that no'ccinmerc tages would be sought ■ '« ». ^ mmmif d by one party without aonaulta IZ agreenpnt with other parties* re: ^ w J^h ,V J. V • V -- «» .-^^iii-i-i^ LIST OF PAPER8 •♦•♦■ Sabject: ^i ^ -» 1920 y y •V 4- FKMI DATE. 44S1 v_ 8UBN*. ir-v ^ -\ FinVOKT. iftg nf tti^iii^ .< _JaiL*l! fttrnlflum eon oasa •^byaalnia^ To re f e r? K^Sl mit ft^rther information obtain ablet with re to elaase of ty "betw # 3pm^ Jaji >18 I -■ ndard Oil Co B^4+ _Co hioh 1 fiO ^•Pevelopagnts ig directftd by JLnglo-Aw» ^MXt mtion la to lan propftrtv over rpor Anglo-Am i)btained conoessio: ( Walla oe) ta i> Jazuia. Jan .20 Jan* 7 ■Abyssinia covering certain are 8 in Prov. of Harrar* Dept* trani mits information re»> Dept. desi es o ^h^ aln information fumishe Yl onr Jan.l8.gpm> To which ^tand oil TA on re ersey or New York? ■_ All references to Standard, moan Standard of Nev/ Jersey. <^ 1 0- Ane ^ i c^' : 1 Oil ex^^^ edition to ATd ssinia«EjicloF5er5 GOTi^' of letter / • £•_ ^, ^ fron •L' 1 r!» lo-A'-'O^iCcin Oil Co. to A . .. .. ■ — _y • « y Londfi 1010665 inner ) X, t h ad of exT)e d it ion in v'Lbys si nia, explaining coi'i'^lio^-^t ons in re to the con cess ion.. 'jn. re^nresentatives of private concerns in Ab ssinia will be r.t dJ Sc;dv:vfitr.;'^e in defe: dinr interests y/hile vireat prit France and Italy }'^:iintc.in or'fi ^ZT. • 5 z:^ an* 11 »*n ^^ fc_ta I ^ ¥^Mdk " cial c-^^e.its in the country ♦€ British Petrol ei ir : - ' ol i cy- the United nent oe 1 don. Encloses coriy of - signed at London Dec. 13, 1906 • : s>etrolOTa oonofssion griitedA^ Anglo-IA* Oil Dept> desires to learn wMither plan of Pr> Colonial Anthorlti for development in Abyssinia in oooperation with Standard oontingent iilnn^t Q f Agreement which was % ■rfiv^t^A.! j4fcil^-^-% ft.. ^—^ A -J** « .tZ:^ ^ ^ y ' Sabject: LIST OF -♦#♦• A*-* Petroleum \ • •<, N • 1921 S ^1 FBOM DATE. TO bn #10731 Jan> SUB No. Skinner t PUKPOKT, y \ 27 tftrg ^ Amp is rep« of interoats in TTnitori Kingdom, a took to ft-gf.ftr.t n-r flQ< > :.rit. .Hlir3l Jan.24 •;1 ^ Mid in TJ»S>althoiifr>i form of co itself ia that of pil exToloitation in !'egopotamia, Encloses memo >^e sa'' lent featiire a of an a'^'ra n.^enent .^. lle'^ed to hrv^ "been entered tAto bet'veen French firn and AlrrHginian '-^ovt^Algo en closes excor-nt fron ^/JIT C?!^! TtPj TT PetrolftiiTn oonce -•CD. 19 amed by Angl Q«pA;n» Dept > — t ansniits f de s p » from Lo ^ TA A2Z r - £6 ConcGssion roceiitl;/ obtained in Ab y ' Gsinia by AnglQ-AJ.:erican Gil Go Trangtnits re ort fror- London in Lc|>m iFeb.lO I ta {^iven re Brit» policy* ija_ Skinner k ( r t hard J k' XJ Feb, 26 1 A petroleum concession in Abyss ini Infonnation re Anglo-Am* Oil Ltd* States- is brit> Oo> 80 per cent owned by IJr* J*D*Rod feller & not^ by Standard Oil of IT* J* Encloses copy of letter Angl Am interests prep 1 of Co, pioitation 01 -Q-Dyssinian ^onces ion by the •^glo-Am* Oil Information re to nev; dev a^ re erne n division of the oil Ab yssinian p^rovince Abyssinian ^orp. has to "Abyss inian govt. sold baol^ % conce minerals— half prov • » #5. ta '.ve TCi fegUi S AdhttdaktaF V t . \ i <* -^'n - J/- . > . 2 — _ 27 Conoesslon o lo-*Am tiransBit Lfl tt idon(31cinii»i!' ♦- TA 4 ttur.2 .1 u ^ eopy of H# fw eontainizig ixoportant infonHi tion Anglo-ip Oil Co* Ltd* in Abyssinift* —^ — egpy of d*sp» tr iBfaras r# and quola» » sp^gial press report to the Peb>28 re -• Appears to be ao trath in report ia question^ irltf iff^ y at w^sh# states in Abyss inia <»a Brit* sabJeot acting on jta-jta behalf of an AngIo*»Ain> Oil Co^ has aakied for the support of His iT t« in Maintaining^ ained by a Qonoess] lies that the Brit > bly act in ooo GSoIm aratlngji ltor*23 /v"3 9 HOTB J SEB ele>635g Am 6/75 for Hote #233 i from the Brit» Brib» liar»£3^19^ BB Suggesting oooperation by W» GOTt» in the Amoyy oase in Cos BioSy as ims done by the Brit# G|^ Brit> Tel>27y Apr >5! ta we Q0Tt» in the Anglo-Am* oil Oo» 5Tjm» (V.ri ht) case in Abyssinia* Your 166,:iar>'28* Forwarded 2A^ X £ rHai n K g5 tA copy exhaustive rejiOrt by ConC recd> this ^norninfi re ^ or Anglo^Ani. Qtl Go gxploitation hU Ldjfa IS on fll0€9 inner) Apr»5 Ayr, 4 ILS. ta we ta no we •f I. ' A cession by Anglo-'Amerioan Oil Ce> Will for deyelopment Operations of the Anglo-American Oil Go« in Abys8inia*gicloses copy of a report dated Apr*4y from Am^ Oil interests in Abyssinia* Transmits copy of letter to t] Am* Charge d* Affaires dated ••y 4,1921 re -* 17 -(4 iMMto .^Jt^: f Ti'-' Snbfcct: !> I y ^ Patro l0«B i fcfeginia, 1921 ::a ^ ^ §5 tf", X 37 ma 11244 \ 38 (Sid i«iP DATE. A^y 6 i« ^ SUB N«. PUKPOBT. AhMo o-Ainerloan Oil Co> ( P>E> ^rllj Jlay 27 !EA and contrfacts relul elopments in Abyss i Dfl.^ ies of aai the do ts in 9 -t la A^ XL ?tme Anglo-Ame expedition to Aby88inia» Re port re - by Barnnm Bjfe^> Mary 12> 1921> Anglo- Amerioan Hamilt ■^ A June 7 ilund Oil oonoessions in Abysain requests infoartoation re Oil oonoessions in Ab greres were to ac .nia^ Bay ifljiHg development mlts Dep t • tr an s >C June , 18 1 Angl o«-»Ain » Oil Co » ta we 39 •>/ oontalning Inforraation r Qf value to -Den t ^bcploitation of Abyssinian Oil con oession by Amerioan interests^ Explanation of basis upon which questioned statements by Con»31ci nner^ were made to avoid any im press ion of oareless inaocurao; in work done in Abyssinia on be half of the toglo-Am> Oil Go>Ltd An glo-Amerioan Oil Compaay's c salon in Abyaainia^Memo of oonf< renoe attended by Dearing^Powi Conversation with Jag* ilton of Anp:lo-»^erican Oil Co» May 28 f 1921 re Anglo-American Oil Go's concession in Aby3sinia» Exploitation of Abyssinian oonoesg ion by Angl^-Persien Oil Co« Lt In reDort of Am* Con* at Adaai under date of Deo* 15^ 1920 mad» mention of enclosures l»2t3 and 4. conies of correspondence re m iN — — — ■ ■ ■ ^ concession^ which were not for warded to (xeological survey with' the ret)ort. Desires to be advis d as to where these papers are : Exploitation of Abyssinian conce b sion by Anglo-fersian Oil Qo. ltd* Transmits copy of report of Deo*15» 1920 from Am*Oon*M < with enclosures re-» Letter^ o 27 ina wl? t apt icm» expresses re^ 1 ' ^• •: r *' ^ . '-: J .7»-v LIST OF PAPERS ♦ •♦• - * 8 ^ '%^ J Subject: \ \ FBOM SUB Ntt. PUSPOKT, ( LAr>ln) Informed reliably Banoa Q • M Mf» roiale Ital ■ever held Q.iaiJ q pr rigftts to bel i prnape minftra #50 ( L£irki ILl^ the • nrcv l lOeij 1 Pep HopkinaJ Augt3Q Qiiim Unable aa yet to Mn ^Wf • "m ^iX OiX tta.Gh^ of r e port Report th^ abov A ilfred P« Dd;(his» Transmit a oopies of report from - on failure of 4t» (Slciimer ) an Aa* oompany to secure an oil oonoesaion in Abyssinia^ _j COnQessiOn aGgnirf^ri "hy An£ l L-4_i^ \T .-1 Q V ft 1 n-pm.:=> n t. n-P n^ -l lands in Abyaalnia^ >':>pt. tr- Ii'eport, London, t.n eT?fect that had filled to Qbt.^>i?T a QOn fift.q*^ ion. pt« ' mt * ( Ho over) ure bta in pf^tro l inn in Ab ssini Infoms in accord with i n f o rr ri 1 1 o 11 \r\ ti iifi :r ft Dei)t» r"% A iidL 1' DeT)t> en(ftci lli4i gftd faliure of An^l: Qn^. to nVitftin n i 'I r-. .rinA ?in in Ab ssinia* Inquiry on ndon Itt being a en StateseAt of Aagl^Aaerieaa OipMy fai # n tmemt Adtn( Davis) »91 f - u ■'*^,v we ea co T)i eenoeaiion fer d#TeIopiieiife rtain ell lantg in Abyaaimiai MEMO Heperta eafeyed an •TTwrnwam i»praaalan l)apt» Fiyther infoma tiaa Stcnraary /' ' Anglo-American oil concession in Abyarsinia.^lr rival of Alaister Ivie of London in interest of^»Her>ortg re nroclairation issued by Has Tafari to effect all cone ess ions in Abyssinia shi Id be registered in that count Mar \ *i : 1 [ LIST OF PAPERS Page 9 f*^ '■^ ., -.4.- . 3ci4/«c(: --..-?-fA?J?ltMm....J3bjni.8l4la ^?: K L Sklimer ) 19«y- TO— Jtine 25 #.^_?.?^J?!?J?aj'??..^^ X 52 Ade^f^v i 8 )#132 June 12 X 53 I A 1925 L^n #86 ^ept . 12 ^(Park) SUBN. PURPOIT. ne ea fa ace t lee. of .Ajagl.p-iB».r.l^gffl^ .In.prcvlns.e .0. f HsxrAT^A^^ Bepor.t._oi2nQerni.og.jaLe.w.il^^ .88lnia..j.nfi5ria5..Jt)iaJt..A^ )f.ely.leARepre.e.Qnfc.a.tA5e..of.-Angli>-... Amerloan. Qil..Cfi^„rflpiir.ts.Jtliat.he- n has. finalIy..jR}Qafiftdfi(i.ln.-getting tbe.affalr .satlftfafl-tDrlly.-arranged' Ha r r.a.r. . p.r o v i uc.e. . .gr.an teji . . to. -Angla- AssjT.l.caia . .Qi.I . .GoLt.,JLt(i. jRe^r.tBu . ixou- .Q3JC.mjOig. . pjrop.o.ae.(i . .trip. . .to. . Adls. . Abe . to, . .o.b.tja.iji . .the. ..--,.. Adv.iBdji^ . ja£ -l?y...tliljB.--Co.np9uay...that.i!reTieh -may.- J.ei5 jur JB- - -t A . .en t ir.a - Jaarrar. - dis- tr-te t j3Lt.-e:gplra.tlazi-Af-tha ojlglnal -^-tve .Consaxlate— as^-ls.tB.-±D- securing-reneTwal^— Gqi»» sul. . ad-Y±sB3. . Hi-IL - endeavor- -to- da-ta. - of. . ourren-t. - liiteree t- - r e-la-t-i ng -t.Q. . .re spur c e 8.^ _ . op niner.Q e* . . .a.od. . .indas- jfi /1^^^ ":*dj«f^X?^ .tries. p.f.Abyssinia.and...^^^ .1 A.lan.d j^ and. . .t.o. . .f p.ra. . p.e.rji.Qijal- . isoit- .t.ap.t.8^..p.ff.i.c.ial...an.d.unofnc.ial^.:in .?Ji]?put.i...and.Abyj5j8.i.ij.iaA...Trlp..wilI ]?e..frpm..S.ep.t.*1.3r.2.7^19.25A..nj;Hied...to 123 P 213 :c 'A I XPark). 92-NE-EA.-FA..AC Hov-JEl ^ .^..^..•>-../^?-.^./.3. • -• A 55 -•S-- .l|p.r,_2.2 55:.Tti^gt:r.I?apt-.'g4gc&jgitli-.dtefavuii fUen .-tteda.^iB.atovjbbi; .cQnsulate.in ..fe.-P.f..t.Mlflftl^..alejrk^..W-it2iaut .i.PU9...appr.Q7ai..Q£^.th^.j}Qpt*.Ab&Qnce ..wlll..b.9-..Ghargft..againa5.JL^Ya..o£-. . .a.'b.^.ejicie. tL . ^pejasLeisL . Ill olden t ..aeQOS2motr.te..iaLid..-!5r..Jba ^^^r^-t^ jol>taiji-A-petr-Oli»um-i5jOtt^^ .-lntBrAfltj8-;.rSaeLos#a -eorraa p o ndanc in ^onoeatrion -with -an ^-toicnm -aa Xhe . i^Lo-JIfflBrlcan- .Oil -Co.. . S3S- 12^0084/34 ^or #1 ..Foral^it..3aryica-Iiispector(Tottaa) ...Begarding^- Eaportlng i^elatiTa io i.ot jjrities.of-^aglo-ABiertcai 041 CQinpi|ny..iji.-Abya8ln4a* NOTE pi a:.-Pe-troleiim-StoragA.iJi.Egyp.t^ Be-cxamn en da tio ns- reg a rd ing-nagc- -varaationr with l4r^ -P^ M^-lfc4^irt[ld ilanagij;ig- I)dr^ctor--^--yafflMfe-011--- Campai^---and-Itt'^-F^-BL...Hg»r^--S|Brpt' -ia^ - J^^asa^ar- - -of- - -^.Muae- - -c^paijy- itoted..±.0-..BB anii..124.83 ^ iV8^4»^ 6^^ » / ^ ,-■ -■''^^: -i "^ *^>>f i'-." Page #10 "S y ^' I LIST OF PAPE Suljed: Patroleum- Abyssinia* 57 1 SDBN*. £27 S &• ? FROM DATE W 3Q X 59 (Winship) (Sou thard at Sin- SUBN*. i*' PURPORT 1928 Jan > CI (jlemii pi ' cydue ^B-Jbft pia> Copy of extract from mono- — n^ Jime_19 (Southard) # 55 NE ^ Ad^s Ababa ar d) # 60 Ne Adtfis /baba (Soutl : - 192a Jan. 19 r- • randum of recont conversation be - __tTiQ.QrLt.iza_ offic ials of Vacuun Oil Qnpany_ and off icer of St a te De.» ■partnent-- on,-<-_ Tnf ornfttion re** qiiflfi t^^ a^ to dfttflfl on Y.^.ich he plan s t o hp> ir. Af^«=>^ ^^ nnntanpTfl-b ed by pnpartnent *s ' spncii al instn tion Q JHOTK ^ Exploitation of sale of kero8ene« i ■■ ■ Aofcnwoledges receiit of enclosed in inatrTaQtion # Nov. 25^ 1927 from D See 684.60 Abyss i mono e and in Ethiopia grajited to Qhristo Papadoponlos in y, 1965 f Copy enclosed^ X gasoline and other products in Ethiopia and the Re d Oil Company and the Afl5 eum Comp an y for the ^-, A. tor and promotgr of the enternrise* with nr omifift at ions for the S t ora ge of Com- 1 ntOQlcs o f ^rr- gple ne and at ^ddi s Ab ab&. ^^■ 3Qpy of — JGfiUQd by I!i of /ddJR ;baba . find n r.br.titutfi nr^ dJjian v;n up hy the (^hambftr of OonmerQe to m^et the main pb- JQQtions of the first v;hl unfai r ciompeti iii r 1 adiotio n c w o d ftffftot r» xiDr e.^^. I 1 IH*1 ^ L-ISX OF PAPERS j^qy^fff OJUB ,^» ».• # - AhyalBlaa ■» > M 1— ao7 1929 V ^ ^ KXi 3 X 1 DATE 13 TO — SUB No. rURPORT wan w— 84ax#6g7Vi iddls mill rtgMedlttc th» ItiaqH* •afltXt Aawl Upor»« ■•V* gthlopU oatioM I r V 1 • .•» /• -■ . .V.i). f V ' * r [ N\ LIST OF PAPERS ♦•♦■ Subject: Potash Uinea* Abyssinia: FBOM Adte \ i2A x::i m? TO _(^ SUB N«. PUKPOKT iaolose report on an Abyssinian pot- •? ash inine« and submit additional information eems r^ ._L_ c ros Dept (Julius Kl»ia) 1921 Oot.l not to include in report nhich ha i been prepared for possible public ion in the Daily Oommeroe & ^rade He do-2 Rep or Deposits of P»t$a«si TrantfBit froa 8«D« t«r tti#» Chsttioal •og eircnltf published >^ OS Dept»^Requests ss«s be sei^ tt A«b^ Child and Ostt# Soiitliai€ / ^ lot. ^»<^frf^ liftmntlwi II Reports transmitted re to deposits in Abas Oons> ZiL Adew ( Lakin ) #- I de-2 CO Jeiysalem #609 _Qet«^ / doi^laa (Sog th ard ) (Laicin) i>eo, • 6 1 1 ! 1 1 12 Deo* ne do* 2 Ne Do-2 ta reQd> by Depta from inquiry from Y 1 r g1 n 1 a*Oar o 1 jTift QhftTn iflftl O o« & report • do do do do from Y Cq> of ^ Ohftmi oaT po: its Potassium Deposits in Abyssimia. - lufornatiou requested by the^vir ginia*Qaroliaia Qheiioal Ce» msBits** ^ . ^r ' *• 7 9' /• i/' r''^ V . , t :. • •< r 1 JV 4* ■^^ .• it t.- ■■# ' • '^ » * >•<» m^fm "m 5fH•^^t-^; . ■^'• r » : « • LIST OF PAPERS ^e^ X ■ i " \ Sakfed Water power - Abystinla < < t omca 1—207 1926 SUBN* X 1 FROM— DATE Kay 11 ^ et sequantur SUBN*. HOTS _-j ^m PURPORT Sea 884»6461-T8ana Dan/ for. pondenoe regarding the de| Tafarl Makonneiit Reyent oj pia (later King tgafaril t aeryjoea of akilled hydri yj atraotion engineer oapabl eoting power deve gqtion woric; thi Britiah and Am ••it tt«ITa for oonstruotion of t (B lu e aile) • ';iM e noountered in out B training rel ations. ^ i « I) -r V,- k ' « i /* ^ r A*i *.* /*#; 'i^*.. ■'^ .* -/ LIST OF PAPERS » * ♦-% ^^ tho Lake T»^^^^ ciim in Alb^'-fisinia* 1925 FIOM— rift (Slcinner) DATE. May 11 z ■f ne ea SUBN*. Amerioan engineer skilled in PURPORT. Tel* llttB M4^?^.?..f^f!?.^1^.^f^.^..^.??^..f^P^^^* o^ 4^.?L?f^^.^.%. .^.?!P?.?J^$ .1^. ^. ^^ .?1^14_?Pi?^»-.??.??L?J^f^?7-9?-.^^?^J^i .M^f^?!^.?^jL..^?.Sf^.!^1^...P.^J^.^M9J>^.f^A i desires serrloes of-* ^ Max.ll .^pm. ne X 1 I ris.lSMmierl. J.May. 15. Pel* Ham ne .ea A z X 3 Sicinner i/ ^?.l®?A9?.J?«Pt 4 Xs (/ May.ll ?fey..?-f .ne Interior Dept» .^y..! PQ.:..lnjroxniJOepartment..if. engineer ....lfi..re;iJiireiLJfor..irrigatlon..5Por3c ....Qr..fox-.i>05rer.-de3relopin«nt^ Give ...futhrer-detalls-including probabl ...salary^ lX)i..RapreBBntatiYe-of -Ethiopia^ does -.-nQt-Jniow..what-salary-is necessary -and-deaires.-information as to the ...approximate-salary-f or competent ...engineer^.Proposed -work is dsm of -—Lake.-Sana-head-af-Biue Nile for -irri gallon -parposM^ - ..jioted..aa4^diia-/^- Bei|Bes-t -Of --?rlnee - Jafari^ liakonnen ne 5 J I'^^ia Te^^^^^ (Skinner) June 8 Memo Department ne ea June 4 ne -for-anAmar-l pan -Engineer I reports •p^ ^T^ jiiTig the 02Ep6.tent.-enginner--t^-de^ig& a»l co: ..slruct..a..dam.-aioross- the Blae ITile ..in..Abyssinia4 eaoloses copy of ..letter..from.-Chief-fiBgineer of this ..SurMiu -Heeorsmeads-Vr^ i^^anoia T» ..Crowe^ -iSnoloses statessnt froBh the -Charles- B^ 1 Hawley & Conpaay^ Dox-lnf orms -that-Dep-tr -iBrS oOBtnini --ted-with-the-Chief Engineer of t —Bureau-ofReolaaation^t Denver e — the-snb^eet -aad"i;^hen his sng^sti --ns-Are-r-eceived will ^forwarded 4'by-Salnla2i-irrJ^tlon.djam«. JLaka - J.f -P.epartment -la - Ahla - to - xeport —progreaa -inmattar-*^ .5esir$..pf..Aby.8.8inia to. .Qbtain-.t^^ ( ?.i T.i 3 i .on . p f . .Near .serv.i .oe.S- - -Q f - ».- -^nexi .caa. . .ea^neer £as t ^TXi, .Affair si ICarl.sQnl / <; JunsL.5. 1 WJ / K 6 X (l&iapnsr) June— 9. June SkimiQr Z — 1 0- o.oins.t ruc.t- a- daoL . neax- Lake- Sana — on.-tile-flliae-Mle-«-.?]iink8-Mr^ Ma^Mi^-reprfiflentatiye-Df-Ras -— TajMl-SJioiilrL.5ome— tO-Dni-ted. - S.tat es. . to. . ii^ozi^let e. . negotiations. - -in^matier^ — .JDoji-Jh2reaia..of-Eeclamation..2iaa— — f&mi she d. . names, of - 2- engineer s. - are. . recommended. . as. . xsonpetent.. for -proposed.-Construatli)n..wixrk«. -snggesi;ed^.-I>epartmsnt..a88nmes — .±hat.Jlr^-Jlaryam-will-ylsl:t-the- .-...ITnited..Statea^.in..connactioSr.wi .RftftaQiamands..Gj»..H^..HQWBll-and-J^^.-C^ -.^aauith-fQr--pQSitir3n..Qf.-ftnginQer- — tQ-bild--dam..Dn..Blue.-Nilej>...'. obtain serrioes of .i^r.l4^;a.-9nK.. t lJ»-_a^.ttoii-i;iifc^ x**^ a [' S LIST OF PAPERS I » ^■ 4r t^ ^ -■ ^ r t SuhjeeL' '^ Water Pqupbt ^ _ fthyfl Cona truction of the Lake Tsana (Blue Nile) Dm in AMrsslnia* 5_fc30 DATE BeT>t«l Staf Ptpart— nt U»Dtvi*ioii (Dollatl^ ^ Sfp^is llQCu^28 aea 8UBN^ f>- PURPORT Oonstmction ^rk in £ infomat ion QoneerTnlTi — erw 8»1— t JOB tf an A»Ti»aa •ngjattr for eoMtraatiOB noiit in A^ati«ia> CwTtraatitt n wiik mmilb%T af tlia British Mbaaiy in^rajart ta> Work T>Jfc^%^^4a iaAyi4^ f JLnta nent Dopfirt- ne acc Tim gipartme nt of tlin s- imder w ployed "by DO; ?inclor.er. no t/ o M?tno» 1926 I . • t F» b C ;^:ecan"nor 28yir2 5 in re gn rd t o ira^. t!h n r .m :y inn n Qon.".irl- t^ Cram raj at ^ri n , trans' ^ ' tt I'.ng n c qpy nf a lot tor ndr'.rF^nced to thfl Consul G-fin* .1 "b-" a re-ore r.ent a t1.ve of tjie Jla"" yoyiTn^^- f^^'^ ^^tnin7»T.o, "Rgqiifir. -h that i'lfOTna] anrl gggif idantial in: ,'^o n": T rail rualified Annrici'in en'^l ne f^ r* 4- o« T-^'l^ V>4- "^^i^ ■»-» thom.m loU ]fr« euiton t the Haras i- niaa Gcavarnnant had a-pgroaohei oi g CoBsnl ganeyal tlronfiji tl»ir reiir < aantatJTe In Paris with a Tiair to inqnirin^ whetlpr an ineriean Bte i near scald lae ohtained» Btply made that Miis was a prJTata gy^ fl^ Tt^w «^4 ^ ttera was nothin g in his iaatjBBSti sna froa his 11 mant to indiaate that the British GoTonuaant was in tha least arypre - henoiva ahont ths natter^ ools that toforo Inontriat bo nadOt t A - » oaploymsnt sbenld b basis that all < and iTibsi Abyo fUU q of despatch Ho* Becom 19 25 with its encloay e conowMn^ " tarior I ifci -11 t»-fl I ■>■<- ■ -^"'*-^^ ■'^h' llr«Miiifi ■! 'r-r In -1 1 "-" -■^ ^^'^' ■'■'>■•'■ ■■ \ Mlm m ffcirf JBfT r-i "1 ii-Yii#fVitatti^ittrt#r^f^ -^ ..-^r / LIST OF PAPERS Page #3 . A ^ i- Sabject: Water Pocrer*- Al>yssinia (Tlieopia) • Construction of the Lake Tsana (Blue Nile) Dam in Abyssinia* •■ I ^ / ^^ 1926 -> t ^ ' '1. 'yt^y FBOM DATE. TO X IFel3« 24| continaedt SUB N*. 11 PURPOKT, X J2__ Inter ior ( lb acU / 1926 X, 15 Pa^ls #1060 3k Inner kfar 2 j^ ta Dfartaenfe lora? ar gaatTn Affaii 'S -J. ■« y Bncloses copy of Penartment of \e' Interior's reply thereto* ment lias given to Mr* Ralpy J» n?Qttan, a' copy I y of its en-^ closure « as well as copy of t^e letter from Interior Departaent# and laas matters -personally to a; iSL^ Qnnf*Qmi ng~ i)i« f ormi (rflnoral Superi iinerlean engineer for yprtr Department ka lyhat terms J[olde— Sai^ryaiB-a^ regard tO' nfaral Aliyssini reqtBSted him Slcl nneip Ba^^^Tt %, ^ Bl lift yjle - • .^. « A Hf a ^y f ^ l^ll^^ :'f. 11 » •jtwjtcl (Blue Mile) Dam in Abysiinia. f th ■<- .■»'i s. .» > « ' ^ .f^ ♦ snik. A l& 7\18 19^7 f ? ^ -^ , ' • 1 ' r — » * DATE ^ i: 11A_XA. SUBNtk t Tel 8 10am Hot 7 Winahip Nov •4 Gr^ae^Britain Tel> #214> cfy»8 1926 ime 29 PURPORT in Jrenoii And English qd-> A>f« ^8w noon ^ flpartniflnt East UoslJ Shaw^ '♦', T^i- • ! '} •* i-^. mnjtB. totJl Alirid« ih and ft renoh coywwi^« j#,a# Y) jdLoa iiiji of New York $2QyQQQjQQQ contract with Kthi pian rrovernment for non?rfcruotion a dam> Conaide surprise c circles "by^g view with M tish official illij»d T— na Dam oontraot orlPiite Oo«pajay# Great looal intereat regarding «- and numeroaa inquiries indioating anxiety > 17 tOl Eriof ing proposition of \^ite and Cotti aantativQ of Ethiopian Gro ment who made p: now WQTR STgr: 741>65/17 fnr J» Cr ^ l/? hTtft Knglnee ^ •V lOT 7 cu ss m a tter with Office 1138 froTn CrrflRt Britain (Stfirling) bet* tain and Xaka Xs^iXXGr It al ian G o nrerninent — i s h in obtaining a to construct b m anjc ana gcmopian (jOVflrn sation batwAen thn ■ptian Minister » DO: British Intarfls fit met i on » Matta sed gbreign Office — co; ftontract • — Depart PriTHfl Amflrican contract* opinion press Conatrngtion of dam by AiftflftAn Goapftny contain neh Ma t amenta by Dr^ fcgf > yaainiay and Sir Ana ten Poastraotion of UumHile dam# Beatera telagram. pablialisd local Men teleipr^hio i i ^•Ptttiaig * ,*yw t. i "x -^-"i-^ * -*^ _ LIST OF PAPE . ■ ^ . <"-• > <4 .'- i -4ff^-r. V, Saked: Waf r Pow»r -> Abwin i»» Construction o ^ •hh.n 1^^^ TiiUfl ( Biu<% wn#%) Ater ssii :■ 1 ■ . V % •• ^ Cs ^ ? CN I A Mrldg> ^ K in #616 X i*^ >^ SUBN^ L • VOY 10 tl M If VI); III! In PURPOtT dam OonTorsation with Britith Mixiltt Addis Martin U>3*« possibly in oonneotion with proposed - • Items tram pprrroT^tc^ ^FltfflPAM? ^'tgl^ff^lng l eoently reporter permission ganted y>^M NOTE White Bngine Bas Tafari to oonstruot a dam the souroe of the Blue Nile* Transmi t fr %)*» 'An Anglo Conjtli and international oonfliots and agree' Sodan. Egypt with waters of the SES (KSB4»/ Vr (Aldridge) regarding: One of the interests of British Gavernment 1 : Aby t'i. ] fe^# 7f •O^f^ita Bigl»ei»yJfay#a5 satiea jr>Ohiliea) ^9 Gn^at Britain \ ttm^ flreat BrttatoiUttartam) If feci i^iii \fiA\ : Ito — fttjaeat or reperta ftm Wtm Teik that ttie J^ft^Wdta Oerpegatlea had ygaetleally ed na4BetlatieM with > L tiHmn.% U twlld 4 f ; '^ -^ J v» » : a^f t .N' iQI£ •', r' < -. r •/V' cession by Abyssinia to Bine Nile. iian-C Sir Ane 8/l5f5b for Ingtruc^tion H^ l tn Abyssinia (Soiithflrd at regarding! Inf ormati nr\ nonoftrni ng Lalce fsana dam prnjeot should be — submitted ^ X-. ^. \ H./^^ f*r- .i • page 6 LIST OF PAPERS Suhjed Water ^ower - Abyssinia, Construction of the Lak© Tsana (Blue ^ile) Dam in Ab^^'ssinia 31 < 31 K FROM G^^Uay Poole 32 )OTj ^as . W « Ha Dec« 1 "1^7 Nov 21 ne SUBN*. y X Je( vC L Tn QQ_iS__ na. vr T T JIEL PURPORT Tsana Dam project in Abyssinia* inan '^i th jrei^r d to - • Article Profess or A # Mendelssohn 3; German _ Tsama dam contraot^ ion with Vi/hite and lerot "' ZZ 3 on»'^tn.iotion of- proposed dan on ^ Nilo at TiFiVr -J sane. « Pequ ests betiveen Dr » W » C > L a rt i rxp: ZthioT)ian Governnent — aiid tl -e Anerican Qn'^^ineerinc: -C onpany :)i3t c« 6 i:qv« 10 X Sqv^21 X- •? r" xiU. f oration .1. fia 2^ n est^^ritain y^"^ (Atherton) ne JiQil^ Dec»9 i 2^ n-i NOTE Comp an y "D A no. r 1 o an n onp n n y vn t ^ y:h -' n. ^ ■ D y in rJRcusr-fid r.attftr r/as J, Ct r.Tiito Enninonring C or p o r at ion and ."SO far n s Dftpartnent Ls^ loan for financing p j;^-o QSygj^ exchaiv'e of 7;hicn. took place lor "^h^n n L-i:niopian A-di infQrr'_atiQn also roquo?^ or Dfl sprit on fj^llQ 1 • froi.i lilr. ypt (ilinsiii.p l^ rff'^a r c iin r .: V^aJ^i Ail s l: e n -Ci ^ arw.!: o r 1 ain^ Jja rnfer^^ftci to-fixchanc:-e . -of-. g ave proieroncQ to Droponai and Sudan ijavornn'.^nts- h n '^ a ri no in"'nntion of- granting a concn.^.^ion on i le - irjU Governri^nt na Ab:^l^s^nia - , f- 35a o (Sotithard in Singajpore) ne 1 r_ ^» s* 00/1085 for #22 6 9 from G ) Hes Clamo ed ov of contract being Qflg Blue Nile has died down« excerpts from statements by A bfitifi Governmant Btruction of this d am« r.akft Tsana Project**- g to 1-^9 forv; neiTlv a pr: > oi J. ^ DO; Clippn Ethiopia • r^ J^ G> '.'Viite ingr Dnrporfltion traot frnri T/eelfly ypt^or dRtfiri TIcfVflnTiar 7^1927 y&iiUltfMi^BiA^^aM^ ■^^^^MriMiriBMII < » .1^ pag* 7 -^r. ? % \ ^ V I l-l «.-j -i''.-.' / ^ Sakfs^' Water Power ■» Abysainia^ Nile) 5am in Abyssinia Construction of the Lake Tsana (Blue >.►' -^g ^^w ^nL 36 X' 36 FROM— E^t #114 Nov 12 Winship Xs? M^y^#10 Mt > 38 tC 39 irov*23 (Aldridge) ne SUBN*. PURPORT Alleged oontraot betweey Ethiopian Government and J. Gr* White ne ae y^ #^ 42980 (Poole) araat Britain #2343 Atherton A /T, 40 3t Department NE Okawl I>ec*9 Deo 15 Deo 9 ne ne ne x:j Daa 15 7e AM Ji Adji<^#27 NE (Aldridge), 1928 Jan 6 Jan 12 Jan, 8 J>G>White >igia> eariag Corporatio i (Otborne) ne A^yieinia #- ineeri ng Corporation for oonatruotion of a dam at Lalg Ts ama* Anxiet y evidenoed in Egypt iam o ffioial and new spa per circles* Blue Hile Dem» Several extracte relating to Taana Dan project and Dr> Iflirtln^s repor t ed overtures during recent visit to P« S Calned n.L' Italy And With American contract for ?8ana Dam construction in Abyssinia, Press article on- onstruotion of dam at Lake Tsana. Press report from Oairo giving interview of Dr* Martin» Abyssinian Envoy f who explains the Abyssinian desire that Americans should build the dam* ME2I0 Lalce Tsana Dam construction* Conversation with Mr* Cano D| i >m and Mr* Harrison O^yorne of J*G* White and Companyt relative to - 40 DO: Transmits certain documents Southard ne Gr/at Britain (Atherton) #1236 40 relating to - D0> Transmits copy of memorandum above • 40 IX): Transmits copy of memorandum at Britain (Atherton) #- Jan. 31. above * T sa na D a n Projects Substance Martin to the Egy p tian n "Ay^HRAM" \- .^^, c^i>P Lj ^y^f^^ Anglo-Ethiopian exchange of Notes of ^j^:Ut X, 45 ^ Jtwe 2 (ftautharr )May 5 J*G»Wklte Bngin- eering Corp> une 20 (Qaim Dunn) NE 1 Retur n ftf d ^fl infti /%fi^d ' \ r\ March 18.1902.- Confidential • •ri)li • randum giving informa tio n re- garding- enclosed. (Pers onal letter to Mr. Shaw) J»Q»Whita Inglaaor * 43 Inf^ Co*(Qana i »i M 1 loted 11 9 « Do: Enoloain g latter tha Cf i y aiiy D ie Detailad e— meats en the Tsama Dam cenoesslon's status* Do: Acknowledgment of letters and expression of appreciation for good offices* . i page 7 LIST OF PAPERS ii Stthjeei: Water Power - Abyss inia» Construction of the L aka Tsana (Blue j^5^]^^j ^g^ ^j^ Abyssinia. X' 36 ^ ( 5 ^ FROM— E^t #114 Nov 12 WinsMp Ml ne SUB No. >37 M ^y""^ lav •25 lAldri dge) > 38 ^ 39 12980 (Poole ) GreAt Britain #2343 Atherton )^ 40 Stye Department ME (3haw) Dec #9 Deo 15 Deo 9 ne ne ne ne ^Dee i6 A (Aldridge), 1928 Jan 6 Jan 12 Gr/at Britain Jan, 8 y" X^44 White m igim- ee riag Qorpor atiop (Osborne) na >l^yii Southard ne i PURPORT Allee;ed oontraot betweey Ethiopian Government and J. G. White Erigi ne er i ng _ Oorporation for oonstruotion of a dam at Laioa Tsana* Anxie ty evidenoed in Egyptian official and news paper circles. Blue Hjle Dam» Several extracts relating to Taan a Dam project and Dr» Martinis rep ort ed overtures during re cent visit to H Coamenl? on certain Sa gatnwH %e;ii Italy and with Mr American contract for Tsana Dam construction in Abyssinia^ .3 Press article on- MTJM i 40 Laice Press report from Oai ro giving Mart Envoy ♦ who explains tue Abyssinian Ameri dam L ato Tsana Dam cons tru ction* y Conversation with Mr. Ga me D|^lm g^go White and Company < 40 document relating to - DO I Transmits oo'i randum above • 40 DO; Transmits copy of memo randum (Atherton) #1236 n s Juae 2 ha rd )M fc y 5 J>G>Wkite Bngin- June 20 eering Corp> (Oano Dunn) above • T sa na D a n Proj < of a n i nterview giv e n by Dr^Wargn e h irtrn to the Egypt 1 J^HRAM" regarding 16^1927- J»Q»Hhite gnf^iaeei* 43 IttfC Co#((3ana Dunn J>G> ' tion the present loted 11 9, Do: Enclosing letter iksqpyanyi alL.4ddlf.JltaabiL P ie Detailed oeMn s nts en the Tsa na Dam oencession's status* Aclcnowledgiaent of letters and expression of appreciation for good offices ♦ - « i* _. , - .-- i 5 v^s^ ^ L-ISX OF PAPERS Stdied • Abyag j ^l^^ Construction of the Lake Tsana (Blu^ Nile) Dam in Abyssinia* I 1— ao7 X M FROM \ ^X48 ) #51 Jffi isfi!if Aug»2 SUBN«h JulyiJU tat son) ^20 KE 48 Ab yi^i ar?) # nia (South* #54 ITE > Aug*2 PURPORT S#a 550»48 A lA79 for ingtreetlon #11 to Alqr»sinU (SoutlMurd) In^eatiBationi of the Depart— rt oonoominc the adnlssion to the League of Hat i one of Alareeinia In eo far aa it effeete the ne gotiations of the J»Q»Hhite Enf i ;lneering Corporation in the natter of the Lake Tsana Dam p; jeet r raant Daa projeotf in whioh J>G» White Engineering Corporation it interested* Further oonments and obserrations on situationt part* ioularly as bearing on proposals Lake Tsana dam project* It is rumor I from British oapitaliete and oon* tractors* of^*^ prepared by Administaration of Roads* ed that Dr.W*C •Martin's visit to Londonj possibly in connection withj*^ may also have some con* nection with membership in the d elegation which will represent Ethiopia at Geneva in September with reference to peraanent ad- mission of Ethiopia to the Lea o f Nations* Martin has been offered judgeship of Special Tri- bunal in Addis Ababa fo litigation between Btehiopian subjects* NOTES: 60q>e- 001 ; BdA^lZ I tfR^ r"? ■'■—■ •^- ^- ■-■--■ ■^>ae.^ar:-^s.^^:^:>..^.>. j^^ . '^^^'-- ^■^■i '^- I«ge 9 V' r » ^^ \ LIST OF PAPERS v ' f L^:. ^ Sakftd Hiia) Darn in Abvssinia. 1928 Construction of th^ Tj>k«* T.<^<>n» (BIha SUBN*. ;i_62 FROM— K DATE Pot 16 iK^ •inia TeMlT Oct. 2 X Oot 29 ^ SUB N«. PURPORT BigineTing Qorpcra tion regfuatt that ttonrer aAti on wit •LJ th # - w ill n» t "b ^r Abyssinia Tel#19 Oct 29 >r53 ^M Al y^iinia (Southaid)HoT>6 Tal>#" 4p»m# NE / Absrssinia TelftS SpiBi H9 saa^fiii: 4L'J* regarding Qonversat Minist er of Publi lative to control of tb in which he thinks that t Sana project should take p re 5Abftl_ Sudd JB^TDll tho. part friendly greetings for the King from IS? neering Corpora The Qorpo ation appreciates your assistance 51 1)0 1 Message for King Tafari from th( inia ( S n^itVHlOotr T #2A He ^ 55 Abyssinia (Sou» Pet 17 thard) #61 He ~ \ j>a> that it for the British ( rOYp^rnm&nt to ply to King Tafari *s i nquiry oon-j oeming terms under ^ioh the jntT pg> T*ftftmaiit i fl ahad^ . J>G>;Vhite proposition f or lake Tsana Dan project • The#"># will i^EE PAQB 10) -TP*- be explained to King Tafar i as soon as possible* New Br itish Minister is reported to be al- ready en route to Ethiopia* King_j word from the British Grovernipsnt as to the pro~ pftsed conference on t he -• Ooro tion of Tafari as King is proba^ •It will have more extensive poii»r> Fort bar developments will be re- BOt The - is being withheld unt _wi arms and condi* i A tions of use ^ the Teana J w § Hi a settleiBdnt will be reao edt but will be oonsisteni alert to brii^ about aai it rot tne mBLtferl '^ ■•I' -^ f^rcj "SBf^X ■V»^_-Tie^ Ikge 10 • LIST OF PAPE Subject : Water Power - Abyftinia Construction of the Lake Tsana (Blue 5: 1928 SUB No K 56 PROM- S' A^^inia~Xs^th^ ard) Tel.#- 4T3.m* K.5 DATE Nov #28 NE ^JilOBL_20. 7 Abyjr^inia (South- ard) T el>#- 4 p>ni« 58 / A by^^nia r (South ard) #92 NE Dec .3 NE L>0C»4 neering gQrporati4n Jle. SUBN«w Nov»5 ssinia (South- K" 60 ^- 61 AO ys s inia (SQi:;thr- JSov .16 eering Corp/ (Punrj ) Nov 13 V > NE ^o: Infom ing of a bo -ro telegram from Southard. Do: Coiifinnation of telegran stat- ing that J.G>Y/hite Corporation's mes3age will be conveyed to Kin Tafari when possible. S.P.P. V/aterlov/> the new British Min- isterj is expected in Addis A between November 21 and 25 DQx is Ababa( r.he - by May Crmhl ernment endeavorintfr to hand project in Koted _aa4'^74/ 1)0,1 Kin g Tafari expects Bi-i ti Rh rela- tive to the " when the new Bri- : ti >sh MinifitPir arrivefi, Runor tha ifhft Hr1 r.3 ah l yi^l offer thp> Port trade - Ho ted 70 60a Do : MacCreagh has talked with' Dunn of V/hite Engineering Corporation* ?fe.cCreagh is not a representative of the Corporation. DO ; Diaonssion of the present stsi- tus of the -♦ Hew British Uini ter has arrived and will now pre- stas ably endeavor to press the Da» question. Brief review of the Bam proJeot# ment wil l mfiiKft TI Q further (SEK PAaK 11) BS SS =*- - -'^ als to the Ethiopian Government i^tnl it fthA li bay fizm-. lllniBter M : A White *i' It i ^. . . ^^ f^^u^^trf m. ^ m^m^iniK ^-^w iUb ■I 11 ■ I J ill i I f. iMfa > . Paga 11 • LIST OF PAPERS Subject: Water Power - Abyssinia. Nile) Da m in At)ysiniti Conaptruction of the Lake Tsann I Blue • otncv 1 — 20"^ 1929 SUBNj. >C 63 FROM Abyssinia (South- ( f Y K ^4 arcf; Tel.#- 4r).iii DATE Jan .4 NE 1928 K 1^29 Jan 5 TO- SUBN*. PURPORT Tsana Dam Project* New British Minister has conferred with King Tafari on,-. Tafari asks that Y/hite Corporation send at once a qualified representative to dis- cuss with him details preliminary to closing possible contract. BOTE. B ee % 65 Abyj ^inia (South- by/^ rrfT artf) #110 NE 1928 Dec.l4 J*Q« WMtQ^Bngi^ Qo rpor- AtL02i__HB :x n 7 y Jan 18 ^ of Hat for a( Southard) Interest of Soidon MftcOrreaoht leader of the arp edition^ in the from the Legation at paba. nia (South' Tel.tf4-5p.af ^y ilan Jan. 14 Abyssinia Tel#g Ne • li 65a Discrimination in favor of British by the Ethiopian Government in the Lake Tsana Dam project. Ob- servations on the main influences and historical considerations prompting the>-* The question of slavery, the possible cession of ^omaliland port of Zeila, and Has Hailu's dissatisfaction con- stitute considerations favorable to British. Detailed comments on an important fourth consider- ation; the power of the state church and the desire of Ethiopia ^ t o reclaim its Holy I^nd proper- ties, in which British good will would be of assistance. The re- ligi ous properties question is J.G>lVhite Snirjn- I 63 eering Corp. (^ini closely interwoven with British- Ethiopian relations. NOTES; 884^404; 741^^4. c leat > ^Qable of Mao- to D'Bnn of White Qorporat tment of Stat your ini&l Do; King is awaiting reply of De- partment to his statement of de- sire that White Corporation send resentative to dis- Dunn NE ^ cusa details p rftllPtJ Do: Suf;|r98ting; advisability of sending; some message to Tafari indicating when Cjmpany's repre- sentative can leave for Ethiopia in accordance with his request. * -■ •vt S Ak.ge 12. V" * \^ , ♦ .'J-' *- ■;«■>■« ■V-. LIST OF PAPERS >v Sulked: Water " powe r in Abyssinia: Construction of the Lake Tsana (Blue Nile) i;am in Abyssinia. 1— ao7 1928 SUBN«. >k X> 68 FROM— DATE Dec. 11 M A 1929 NOTE Janj^S^^ J.G.''*''hite ^gin- ej^ r i n£ C orp .(Ga nc Jan. 23 D unn ) NE Abyssinia 7D.m. NE SUBN«w ** /^« iQQ Jan. 23 Ab yssinia (^cu ard) #112 NE K^ A. 65 ^gypt (Gunther) Jan .4 > Feb 15 Aby^ Ab y^ssinig Tel*#4 6D.in. NS Abyssinia r> ex # 6~5 •vlf 66 PURPORT See 884.01/8 for #106 from Abyssini (southard) regarding possible in* fluence upon the Lake Tsana Dam project of the British cultivatio of Hailu Takla Haymanoty hered i» Western Ethi6p djarit whioh Ludan. An glo-Egyptia: perations would be ^xtfl Tsana Para Pi^o.ject. Enclosing para- phrases of various messages be" t^veen Department and Legation at Addis Ababa. 66 b o; Quotation of personal messag e Dunn TReference to visit of Dr.Vtfargneh of Natural History Martin to Ethiopia j and expression of regret concerning Muaexim exp dition situation. NOTE; OZiyfl iUaerican Mus (Abyssinia)/ D o: Quotation of message to be transmitted to King Tafari in be- half of IVhite Engineering Corpor- ation^ stating that a special re- presentative to Addis Ababa is being sent pe sire of King Tafari to have rer)re- | sentative of J. G. White Engineerini Corporation confer with him in ■■■■— -^ ~ I ■ -■ ..I... --■ ■ There 68 fT5I X JanTB Feb 15 i3ee Abysilnia Tel # 7 6pm ^ «. 1 page 13 '- - ^- *--■'"*• -' ■ "■■^■' lA-Al s matter of proposed Dari# h ave been several diecuisions of the su)9Ject between Tafari and the] British Minister, who has made formal statement to Government iterating the letter from British Foreign Office to the V/hite Corp- oration. Tafari not inclined to eet to British in- Ion MacGraagh aiti^_a D O; V^liite Engineering Corp« states it relies entirely on information NOTE 66 furnished by the Lef?ation and has not constituted llacCreagh as its representative. ghrougfa the heightening of the Assnan of the Gebel A ilia pro,1eot, will have adequate water supply and th will there f fiitura Q the Bzpert •)M Cl^rpo inally intended to send held by .. i . °'°°ot r» page W* »^ u > I \J V Page # IS LIST OF PAPE AiV«f- uQter Power in Abyssinia Construotion of t Dam in Abyssinia SUBN*. I FROM \ 70 ^- Abyssinia - (Southard) 5pra Tel,^ 1^^ Pab 16 Feb 18 >c ^ Abyssinia (South- ard) # 123 (Continued from opposite page) 1/ / SUBN«. 66 PURPORT before June first • Asks if dela will effect King unfavorably and if Corpora tion should send less T/hite Sngineering Corp» (Gano Dunn) well qualified expert who can reach Addis by l ^ay first. Feb 19 ■Jan 21 A 72 nia (south- # Tel 7 llan Jan 14 Feb 26 ardl tT 146 M. K 75 ^ 76 / -T— y j-k tois inia grdl # 147 (South - Feb V. i Abyssinia (South- ard) # 142 i3i; 'v.lii te Corp o ration (DunnJ 69b NE Feb 16 ^ Feb 16 i.r V/liite Corporati on (Dunn) See png ■■■ mm 22l T^close paraphras es of telegrams to A merioan Legation and original letter from :.:r. Southard Referring to above; Delay will disappoint King and may have un- favorable effect. If arrival raus be delayed, June first v ill do as well as Llay first Encloses pai-aphrase o f above des- patch from Southard. Bxpressesc ice* Maccrej nues ••butt in" although dismissed by the other members of the expedi- tion. Kiiig Tarari rerj se s to ca a London conference, and" pro- poses one ^ .Addis Aba'ba; 119 from .^byi^gjnlfl (*J rega rdi The as.> si stance of my B ritish Minister '..a t erlov; Tafarl in — Re; delay in send ing r epres entati King consents to the proposed delay -despatch from 9. DQ ; lioports that forcicn rep- resentatives are makiiig t±L-^ ^o of the delay in the arrival of tative \\'h1 tn Comp any* and are area ting ainty 1 thft minrl of thn ^^n^. DO: Sii(;gests thr; Y.'ith p.^. ?lrl -- the ■ ' ■ 'hitQ CoT^pnration representative pi sent the ^j^res s a i 4vKing vA tu s ome c i ^t . HiTaL. Dentention of the Pru party I p y Ra of ^•ola S tions poss ib ma y have b that the-- premeri ii.ated, in order n members o mimmmmmmtmmmatm mttmmm0mmmf^mmmttmmmm0im'^ *f^^ ^fmmmmmm0m • I ?x IQX OF ^ge # 14 PERS w Suhjed:..:;! AbyRfilnla; ion of thn Lak-e Dam in Abyssinia. Tile) r« omcB 1 — 207 >rf FROM :cr 16 X:^ r 19 alula (Aouth- ATd) ITal # 9 l|iii_ Wc TO— Id? 6a #00 -Tel-dprn ltor_^ slnlri (Douth-r l] 75 _IiLL li:: 5pm BA SUBNaw PURPORT Mfr ?^Ii (ratifi Iter 26 lar 26 y Mar 26 Ab^ainl f A bys^ nia (South- ard ) #149 (\i/hite Engineeri ng Corpora tl on) Abyssinia ( South- ar d) BA Tel JL • tl Gano Dunn lilta V.hite Corpora t T T .• i. ive; ^rftsl- dent o f the 7/711 to Corporgtlon, is lo AXfln -Qn T.laroh ,_2S.. in ^._ spa ^o v; Yo rk meet ^-"in;; "^afari ' 5^ wishes to prri vo .'ihout "i ^rlT crt to t J^Vxd .in ij ^i Request would be g:tT,rj n as to what rif tfi t. O {;ive and tit.lf^s of perso-is in wh /•^^ -^ aTT:cu'iti n^^ to t.hrrat •:• f ndl^ura-^>^ £or thft T&n T>y «_ minor py QflQutfl^ problem presented nature of DO: \(?hite Engineering Corp^ asks arrangement made both at Djibouti and Addia so that its representative oan i n a few rifles as presents* lit ering Gorp r\ f U Feb 21 inla (South- ard ) # Tel 12 Uar 29 \ ard) Tel ♦ •tt5 and nnplftn VLT. Hellogri ]ip para t to obta g r eat va lue* v^hite Engin* eeriqg Corp> itoiires vghether ter- other sQien- ifJQ inpt rument would be app ro DO! K Apr 1 ssinla Tel # • t« Sugge heliograph* Address all gifts to Legation* Arrangement rifles to enter ;■# de lay naJ^fid* '2i SOTEDt 6 DO: v;ire kind and voltage of King's eleotr ant in conneetion with irfW If' ^' A . "t > .1 t i . »-.:! LIST OF PAPCR6 > s « «* '* >* - L?» V *>' >' ,i/ SdVeci Wat#r Poir«r in Abyssiniat Oonstraotioxi of the Lake Tsaoa (Blue V nie) In Abyssinia. ; ♦. c. V* 1929 y < X_8l r f i \ K 62 Abyeeloia (south- ard) Tel # 13 4 p»ms Us > > > 8" DATE Apr g ^apr_l3 G ano IXinn NB I S SUBNa^ » r PURPORT aia. Oano TYiiTin 1^ m- My K~BZ ^ \ y-^ QfLJSh GiXtfl_jf ng flh A ilnalo Oommerol omolo Ing o t) - capital ia ^"^ Apr 1(1 Abysrf nla Tel # 1 1 p>m« MB ^ May 6 Abj%8inia Tel #16 11 am (Southard) M ^ Hay 8 Ab yseini nia (-1 Tel # 20 5 pm ns Kay 6 jano Dunn proposed Tsana Dam and Btating Ita dlreoted him to letters of i of Porei i<* who is to go t of Dann^B repl y fliftfl for r^thioplan on of 63a week ' s a c t i^i t i e s ^ Addis Ababa > with (DO: Presentations aacom attitude, Bu 84 Ethiopia and its importanoe visability in br ingin g about busi- Apt ivi ties of llr« Lardner, represen- tative of V/hite Cor po ration* Ask Lardner to telegraph Dunn through Legation a brief report of his firs tiona delayed by Baster holidaya this week> DO; Above message from Lardner 'to Dunn* May 9 Abyssinia (-) 82 DO; British-Italian oooperations Abyssinia (South ard) # 160 HB t-tf i Tel # 21 6 #11 British Embassy informs that Brit Foreign Office has instruoied their Charge at Addis to keep in close touch with Italian llinister at JkL- dis with a view to the latter inter veni ng in support of our Lake Taana Hay 9 proposals* Ct¥W Dnnn fi2 Paraphrase of above ation. Apr 11 Italian and German interference in Tsana D&m matter* Ministers of theai « i two countries have suggested to that mUfi • ^ r-rr % -. Suhjed: X_a6 /X_fi2 < _8B X 89 (S outhjir d) Ab ^ sinia NE , OUMilUliiUUi t^\k% Connection of Gordo n \^cCr /gii.^ vrith~ Tsana Dam pr object of J#^>V'^hita En- ginaering Corporation* Further information conc erning activities of Mr* MacCreag h, who intends to ' leave for U>^* on May 29th* He feels peeved because of failure to be entployed in the Tsana Dam iJe- gotiations* ik A "TA : .^ ll i • U - .1 J«g9 HP I I"* LIST OF PAP "». -i •? \ ■■• ^ ■ % •). **i i- ■.^ krx.k *t t QCTi »y tt O tifin_o£ ♦ » — _ -- ' 'vi 1—207 FftOM— DATE TO — SUB No. B0O»tttIy iMtalled • • Tfll # SB 2 p n. PURPORT -^i! till Oonggl PoQtor MOM— hi> infona^a ■> that the Pe g rptUn flOTergPdnl It Twy Mttoh iiit>y ted in tiia t— m 1*»»JU* lOM to tll« t If 51^'L'i. SS_b art) Tol # 2 1 S ga« ^IS to ita teleggam # 82^ Jaly 17th> ■bw Yorfc woald BeoelTed l>epertaent end replied the erne j^)iygg| nl^ ard) 103 eiinia # 2>7 Soathard) ME Atig^ reeeen to believe that the the Britieh this tpeeic and if ao will notify the Depart*- Tnent i^^T^ iately^ " nwAeyatood. King definitely prcmieee to initiate Teana dieoueeion with Britieh Lege tien today or tomorrow» BritiA Minieter hae audienoe at the Bal- aoe on the enbjeot today» ii;« Aug. 12 Jtay 19 12a <,1QB {Saao-Bunn .• fc t. i».t • »#ii»: ^^flTT^*' ^ GoTtinmoat alow to Infom Brltioh GoToranwat of Its o onwotlo; 2^1; ^ItfJitt^MMliai iagJlA >yit1alt T* ftLJt IQL » Mil M with Ihite Corporation dne to the tendenoy toward prooraetiaation» «;«. • •• White Gerporatioa appreoiatea ef- forte and intareeted to learn British attitude toemrd eaggeat* Uica aeaaage appreoiatton bo eeact Seatltay jli ^9 tod( \k HmM m HatfMi tM*i ^ .-f*;-S-; * %-: "1 < '•< •J I UISX or PAPERS 20 #f V > 5ci^ed. Iktay B _ * Oonatmotion of Lalc» Tama Dm t:r J K » r '- ^ itM 1—207 FROM— X X. io« >< 107 A 108 DATE iPg y> July IS ar#26 9p>ii ]g iug«2g TO — llliite Bnyin— rinif Oorpoxmtiff ^ (y^^ ngg> MM SUBN«. 106 PURPORT Mesiage of appreoiation stnt Ur% Southard* imsL X Ab jtfKr / 109 nia #229 /Southard) HB AbyTainia #232 (Southard) HB X_iia ^234 July 29 Jtily 25 July 27 •y (Southard) KS ^ Aug « 27 8— 804>6115«labi Sbitboli/l far IttO frm Abyaainia (Soathardl r probablo tondaaoy of tha Itallaaa to aapport tha grantiag of tha '^ffi^ i;^ oontraot to pan intaraata in Tiay of tbair owm intaraata in tha Wabl axabali* tha axplaitation of wlxioJi will thna ba nada aaaiar by a praoidant# PropoaadlooBfaranoa in oonneotion with negotiations for Lake Taana Dam oontraot. British Minister has had audienoe with King to suggest the above* King will make known his decision later. Kiig now preparing for great oatioxaal festival of llaskap Do; Confirmation of aiaggestion that Gano Dunn, of J#G«V/hite Snginear- iqg Corporation^ attend the oon^ ferenoe in London. Further opm^ ments on general developments. Developments in Tsana pam project. Information oonceming the reoent deportation from Ethiopia of Uioolas Voxyifovsky, a Russian emigre^ because of his relations with Bolshevists^ particularly the furnififaing of confidential infon- at ion to Koscow regarding the Tsana Dam plans. I3DTE: 684 ^ ^0 B Bxplaina delay in receipt of Dapt'a White '^ginaar Tel #32 of July 17. Balievaa that King will this week notify the British Legation of curraagamant with J, Q, White Engineering Corp. to contemnlatttad - »» I 107 Co py of t aakad how much water Britiah would take and what they w Barton replied techni tiona would require conf favora Addia Ababa V • V - ' !J t.-l (SO am 21 V y •' . 1 I * ' ' ■»- r . •> ..^ i.^l&.iSA Ljr^^lf.. .j"iti . ^^L . * >v T ifa'iir . a^wJ&S \ "'r ' ^n ♦ 'i \^ -.. ^ i ■•■ ' ->. ,—':▼ 4 / u « * • . LIST" OF PAPERS Bitge 21 Su&yed Water Corner in Abyasinia; ConBtruotion of Lake TsanaDan- M ^MrBftKunn iKunrr rsomNa offick: i»ta 1 — 207 1929 X lis X 114 115 ^ J5* r 4- \ §: FROM— Ig^ iilla (South DATE 3 Sep •I? NE n A¥t Ab ar jr e^inia (South" a) Tel .#29 9p.m TO — Set)t»ll> N£ X Abys si ni a_ (South' ardl J!$l # 30_ epi. X 116 K ^ A byBBlnia # 248 (Southard ) C/ 117 Kills J.G.Wh^ n^ SUB No. PURPORT I Tsana Dbjh natter* Aner ioan Conference Kinc: intinates and hopes to be able to inform defin- itely within week or ten days* Do: ided i ± Dae first and invites White C to send its representatiYe* Corp, ( Dimn) Aujg>20 ^ Abyssinia Tel # Sep«25 52 6 pm (Southard 1 S X of above conference decide in favor tified the QQpt anQQ Qf thft _aonfB2!finca_ tn Twr> Thirm^ Minis 4 delegates would t— any— time indj Kin g wmil the White rep r ^E_^ TTtTTt \y>^it^ l-;ngln reply hut tn aay thftt ianoe would and- inenQQ of F.thiopjan ^ d'^lav hi ■4 m •1 ^ on^whi ed with y view iiDg- day notified the B decision for the earin g Co Abyssi 42 3 pm* NE JL 1^ u^-. Ingin I i 4 hft will t ft WQ :>ifi t1ne for thft Confer* BTLOa ion and enc^w f^o rre spnndanoft with relative to the Confere: lolosingi t paragraph of — Hsee XKige 42 V V ^•^ , > .^. .- I MiMfliHIttMiMMMaiHSI iiiitt MMMi i I i •♦ Suk/ed ..r \ \. LIST OF PAPEIRS I . . ( ■^Copflt .*. ♦ ■-s* * r 120 / FROM— A'byaslnla # 256 r^ (Southard) "•I DATE Sep, 4 TO- NE X 121 Sep 5 Sftp>14 Kl 12J^ JJ£- I t. SUBN*. i. Kgypt (Giir^therJ- l4 3 1 am, .^ (Soiitharfi ) * « (aoruthard) nia #269 Iffi IIK- (rfouth^rdV KB ti:: / Sept* 2 .1 *• V . ' .\- PUtFORT Tsana Danu- A coiryersation with the Italian Minister^ Mr, Cora regard- ing the status of the ,-, negotlat ions in which Mr» Cora stated that in his opinion the King has no in- tention of aotually going ahead wi ' t, gQssible that this need by the trou- th t "bles which the Italians haye had tlQH witii Mil] ,b-Dessi 884,154 aQVemnr anri the ftff act of V/nllQ as anvfirm^ and appnintmaYi of Yeju nn Amftrioan in- r^Ce on th d bearing In the Tsana. D&Tn» due to his Addl ond linister jgobably to Qonf whn is cnming w conslderfld to be pro^Britlah Iftani-nga^^imnT' that indirf=>ritly thrftatfined ilcTu has hfi win nnt -Dfimlt th(=> mng of thft da.m to an Ameri of Figyptian Foreign Office informei mft that F.gypt was nnt^ i ntftre.qted a aj It was a r.atter ririmarily affect in the Sudan ♦ Angl n^Ame Qonf e r GonfirTTiInc te'^ftgram -, may be expected at an early date -DO: Kin^ hB.n definitely decided on be held about December IX>s a?he King will expect the Y/hite Comnan-^; representative to arrive in Addis Ababa during the last ten days of December^ British Minister not yet advised by the King of his Calling of tripartite conferenbe on ^sana dam project in Abys* sinia* Confimation of rendrt that ling T^fari has finally notified British Minister of deoition fort* Cable fer ^rif,imift^^f|^i^ \^ Mlflt^fT I irNltoete* '¥ f' .1 > ~. ". ' 1 ' T ' ' ';a:.. '■ >' % >„^ ii *4 -->.•- ^ ,1 J *:-•' " 27 thard) 1.4 inla *314 jroTi M. ( Southard) 1 ' Dec. 28 HE (gntiRtlonf^ would dppftnd r>n thp •Rritigh willirt to coopftratft> ZQl f gnnf.Vi^ rr^ will not flva,i 1 himgelf of Ift^vp nnfHI aff.pr t.hft Ja.miA.ry Gon^ m prQJftct> £ ^ nn thft sazia layed 'by the death of the Dedjaz- match* DO! Arrival in Addis Ababa of Mr. I . i' 1 ' .-, enry Lardner of the J« 0. White Company 1^ r the Anglo-Ajnerican- gthip-pian Conference* ^^0]Q^an poat anthorigad, Di scont intiation of^jxglo-ItlLLiaBL__ _poatal afir7iaa_bet^ Adis IbabaL _ and Adeiu Arabia. DiscoNTimna) NOVSUBSH 6,1936 i I ^ — \ i L i.^ .^••aMaita I^^M^MkM^BMAMil^HMiiltaMlH rfMHilMMMiMi V ^ ': V .; * ' \* LIST OF PAPERS i. ^i* Sifbject: Inf rnmti X^ 1= PUtPOKT. ^*ro*l Poet from 4«P*n to Alyl Raport I JACKET CASE LIST OF PAPERS [ Suhjed W ir e 1 e _s s Telegraph - Abyssinia* 1—207 SUB No X 1 z 1928 c- FROM DATE MOV 16 Z >-A Kl K 6 10 Addifi Ababa. tLbard) #49 1929 Jan 4 SUB No. HOTE C ofltoToe Departmeijit (S tevenson ) AQ/ Addi^ ibaba( S^Quth- ard) # 70 as /d ftl s / Apr 10 Liar 25 baba !g5 (Southard) #72 Apr 2 Abyaainia I^jaitli- ard) # 53__3a (Southard) Ad^-s Ala^ca #1^7 f S on t' la r d) QcUl Fec.l cr IT ^IL PURPORT \ 4.6461/59 for #99 from Aby 1 ssinia (Southard) regarding Q-er firn^s endeavoring to get a hand in the Tsana Dam Proiect with i a radio rojeot i n Ab yssinia as bait. ^ Badio installations for the Ethic pian Gey eminent. Discussion of i the Notioe of Tender for -• Be- lieves that there will be a o for Amerioan par tic: a.nrt AmeriQan firms sh ould ' of the p resent DO: Aoknowledge a reoeip 49 f r reQeiving bids of • M . ment throngh DQ; ii^ noloses oopy Of letter from Commerce Department* 1 1 alLa n_ c ontract for Ethiopian Mre _ less insta llat ion# Reports obtai .. ir^ of — , ^lot particularly valu- able comme rcially, but politicall, _jf or _ "Ethiopian - rad i o / bsurdedly low bid of obscure I- tali an com p any and very high bid of Llarconi bid^ together with in f ormatio n gleaned by lui gence service TeVt^jnlffln; ^ _G and^^Heyman^ /mer I talian bidder foi> Ethiopian Radio Contract is PeVciOy llontefinale and Cotapany^ Turin* Raplyii ^ to eaQloggre 4^ refers to i Mtallatien ef f in Ithiepia.^Contraet net yet and the Ithiepian aeyemment. Ir^ refttlaritiee n with th# a ward s DCU, Cont wi thdrawa] ^. • ^r oi— -^"c;^ r^P +0 i^::an JTD^ but it ir, not tliat " ctn.al work rill start some little time as the Ethi ._ iiave not paid E.ny money and not soon o e a ble to* ians •r— » CT.<* ''^ •^ &*» -^-j* ^ i^<^ LIST OF PAPERS ^ff^ed Kadio-telagraph ragulationg - Abyssinia tx U 1928 X 1 X 2 7< • 4 or fc ! FROM l Addl^ Ababa (SouthardJ #> SO / -- Abyssinia #29 3 — (Southard) DATE Oct. 22 NE Dec. 6 Kov^al SUB N.. Carta:. n E xecutive and In d^ ) - pendent Off ic^s riso SA -SO NI PURPORT Ethiopia has no present laws or regulations dealing with radio. D o: Enclosing copy of above report from Addis Ababa. I I ued no laws r either before or 21 LIST OF PAPERS 1925 ^ 4 t. * 5 FROM— /A DATE ko^ 3 Paris #1146 (Skinner) 1926" Apr, 8 X-i" L ib ary of _C on-, f une 21 grees (^^artin) ne ea ace July__6 SUBN«. [ 10TB PURPORT Aden ( IT cons Jarltiflli Smaiiiand^Jia mftyftft^ T^f Q-fflifttl ftn in Al leged European desig ns upon Ethiopia Q uote s article f rpro ECHO^ r)E_ f >TQ3L Qf BrJLtlali j(roJeet» concerning an liglo-^l^ane_o-i_tal ian 694.00 ^_ ne Library ^o f Con- X % "A 4 g^ress (^rtinj ne Koy.2f 5 IBZT . 9 _tr.ea ty - 1 -Pe c • 13» liM _-_ whicli has not bee n sa nctioned by Ethiopian _ G k)vemn)ent - regarding , the Jjons truc- tion and exp loi ta t ion _oi' rallimys; later Anglo- Italian ne^tiations during i^icJL Great Britain demanded oJLJif^ waters of Xake Tsana^ which is source of Blue JLifig_J:o irrigation of Q± desire of Ethiopian Oove with a Adrise an American Engineer to ■■Oontrol- headwa t ers of Jaiue_JSile wMciULil 1 give Ethiopian cont af__ wa^er sunnlies of — tht: -coun 'Z41a£5^ P| rospective railw ay dev elo pment in Ethio p ia^ P rofessor Cool idge's i n- 2 quir y re garding^-, DO: Raises questio ns o n yfh ich the re appe ars to be li t tle official inf o r NOTE NOTE 1928_ Au^.l£_ r NOTE ._ nation of specific character, M;^ ficult ies which wou l d be encounte r - ed in const ruct i on of railwa^^s in Ethio pia. SlI t$6a«77/l for letter f rom Cea»» meree Department (Doaeratiky) re- gardint Railways i n operation in A^seinia. Report on,^' in aeoord- ance with enelosed railway questi o: naire requested. B^ S65a »77/2 for Report y* frw Aden (Park; regarding Railweye in Abyss inia» Detailed report o n^< Se e 8 84 ,154/1 for #- from Abyssinia (Southar d) regarding nroT^osed new Et hiopian trade route i from As sab on the Red Sea to Dessie in nort h cen tral Kthioniaj invo lving con- 6 i 1929 Feb 19 :«)T r^r? struction of e i t he r a railway or wax*- Erom L>essi e directly souti to ^ddis. Ab aba either a motor ro ad or__a_ railway may be built. The Ijjibouti monopoly^ b y the Franco- y be broken # See 884,15V9a for # 43 to Abyssini a (Southard ) _ regard! pf: the a.i^ reemen t th^ and AbyssTnlan 5:i>20 ^ - «»v 1—823 . i L. JL ^ '-^'- ih ii «[» riaT'i „,^,^^smmf^^A f Pop:© Z LIST OF PAPER Subject : 20 ilways pnwrnNoomcE ^ — 20^ SUB No. 6 7 8 1 ^ ? , 9 5 FROM 1 DATE Cardway Feb li- Ta SUB No. Mar 26 9 Mar 30 Apr 9 Cardway "T^ '."'■'^ (continued ._. [^^cvernm .nts for tlie chh-S c:f .a. rnilrnnd frcrn 3/, ioo::tl to PURPORT Il£jrrar^_ c^nd pravidin^;: a^ ;a lnst t h e -CcnsiriiJilioii cj:._ri.v • 1 IxTdiC. s Oaean intO-JjIthiopi^jL^— on 1 JLBi^l. ^ in Ethiopia^ J tude-0£JJ^^ Cxovemmftut- jiortation to, and trade— wiJth T May 17 3DTE aainia^ posalbla Qonaesflion mo t or ^road iio natmotlon^ aM oppor tuni ties ^or ^A merlcan^ 16S» 084/ Aby- IX)i Department aannot advise ^Ith — respeot^lo foreign investrae -Informs U,S> has Llinister^ a-ai Add i s J^ ba ba ■ See 884> 154/13 for # 178 from Abys- sinia (Sottthard) regarding Frenoh protests against proposed Italian r oad from Assab to Dessie as a ▼io* l latlon of PranoO"Bthiopian oonoess- l ion a greement of 189 4 ^ which pro- vides against cons truot ion of ooa- p© t in g railv/a y lines in Ethiopia^ Frenoh Miniater interprets agree- ment to Qover mot or roads as well as railways^ but Italian M inister tiiU See Bf SAlnia i^ the Jaroh.^ 1894 granted, for the prohibit the • «M#IC tlnpT lines* ^. .^. > . « f^- (JACKS? CASE) tt I 7^ . - » .^'i t S ' ^ ^. • » » ^ • J.' LIST OF PAPE:R8 , f Sakfed: FryTco-EthioDian Railway from Djibouti, in French Sonialiland, to ysBinia* \, ^SKm. \—vin 1911 tX FROM— 1 2 3 DATE May 3, 1911 \ SUB No. NOTE 1926 Mar.Sl Aug>3 4 5 1926 Aor.8 NOTE a July 6 t 1927 6 !• Sent « 9 PURPORT See 884.602/- for #* from Addis Ababa (Love) regarding inddrbrial concessions granted by Ethiopian Government. First importaJit con- cession granted ¥ r as to a French company for the building of raili from Djibouti to Addis Ababa* Construction was discontinued afte : reaching Dire Dawa* Concession taken over by another French Com- pany (Companie Imperiale des Che- rai ns de fer en Ethiopie), and work again s tatted, but has progressed slowly* About 100 kilomet r es und- er process of construction at present* See 884*773/- for Report #- from Aden (ftt.rk) regarding increased railway freight charges in Abyssin ia, including increase of charg es by Franco-Ethiopian Railway* NOTElSee 741*84/5 for #80 from Adan (Park] regardin h railY/a.y from Har rar to Zeyla in Bri compete with Fren Ab iz ed by n Rail- Y;ay * Comments on arguments in c onne c tion wit h the NOTE See 884*77/1 for #1146 from Paris NOTE (skinner) enclosing translation of article from ECHO DE PARIg. regard ^ in g understanding between Great Britian, Italy and France i without s anction of Ethiopian Government on subject of construction and ex** ! ploitation of railways^ to France being assigned the railvrays be- ' tween Addis Ababa and the colony of Djibouti* T he French railvray has been in operation a long wh See 884*77/2 for letter to Library of Congress (Lawrence Iteirtin) re- garding prospective railway develH opment in Ethiopia, and calling attention to provisions of Anglo- Franco-Italian Agreement of Deo 13^ 1906^ respecting Abyssinia, 1 whioh exclusive right of Franc control railway construction in NOTE See 865a, 77 j> ** Aden (l%rk) ragft rf^ing n l^<^ing Fr^nao* ^mm Ic^Vi 4 o i% 4 i > ^^ ^"^^ \ T ^^ Iff" I • \ "^ <* ■> * vi t*> ".M- -/, s 4^i^ - -'^-t'«-. J-- 111 -l^tlfc I -^ *-*"'iil f lilii^i '■ - — ^ '--■ ' -^ ■ -^ - Tl'irliii • ■ iA^-- ../.. ^..t^.fe s^^^^ -t.^-Mr-.. » (JACKET CASE) JFtaLge 2 LIST OF PAPERS Sahjed : Franco-Ethiooian Railway from Djibouti, in French Soraaliland, to Addis Ababaj in ADysslnia. 7 • omci 1 — 207 1923 ? \ SUBN«. 7 8 FROM— DATE Aug^ie 9 Sent. 21 SUB N«. NOTE PURPORT o 884> 154/1 for jh from Abyssinia (Southard) regarding proposed nmf Ethiopian trade route, from Assab to ^Dessie, as proposed by Italo- 1 * ; NOTE Ab y^inia #122 (Southard) NS 1929 Jan. 19 10 Ab:^inia #128 (Southard ) NE IX Jan. 28 _Efib_l9 Bthlopi an Treaty a nd Convention signed^Aug #2 . From Dessie to Addi Ababa either a motor road or rail- way may be built* The Djibouti monopoly of the Franco-Ethiopian railv/ay may thus be leRitiroatel^' br oken • ^ See 8 84,50/2 for #- from Abyssinia (so uthar d) reg arding sweepin i^ con- cess ion granted on Apr*3rd to Fre nch inte r ests for Ethiopian economic de^gelopment, there being said to be a secondary in terest on t he French side represented by the Franco -Ethiopian Hailvmy^ running between Djibouti and Addis Ababa ^ 500 miles* Practical commercial monopoly is thus possible* Franco-Ethiopian friction. Reportini incident of3-.> arising out of g ranting of sub-concession by tiie Rai lway to Mr.A*Be^^« a French merchant, for construction of mer- 12 A bjWsinia" #145 (SoutbardT I ( teb .18 ch a ndise v/arohouse on the com- pa ny's terminal area, to which Ethiopian Government object s^ Gov ernment had already given a con- to a Ethiopian company* ^\iri ning French Legation guard at the scene of c onstructio n* Italians are in- observe rs ^4; 88^^ 146; house. NOTES: 75 -V/are- F ranco -Ethiopian dispute over ware- house at Addis Ababa end of rail- way* French have given up active ' construction of the warehouse* NOTES; 851^03184: 88^^02-Ware- house * g o for # AZ to JbvRsinl the agreement en the Pren^h hiri •byr.Rinlfln r^nvernnftntR for thft r'.nnRfn:if> tj nn of n railroad from Tijihnut tn H^r« rar signftd I'jir 9 1fi94. r>rr\ invn^ vising for thft pvr>liTfiin n nf roads from the Bed Sea In d i a n Oco a n int o E Attittide of French regarding Ithio-* plan's treatment of them concrn^ ing constractjan of warehouse at Mdis Ahab of railway^ yOfgP: 884y602-farehou8e> f dim m2^ ■ip^i mtm ■■■ mM tfiMliMiifliJili *■ jc^k * -, . ^ilWalA' TT 1 ■ UStmitimi (JACKET CASE) Page 3 LIST OF PAPERS Subject :. Franco -Ethiopi an Railway from Djibouti, in French Soiwililand, to "K _i J ^ __ A ^ ^ W ^ ^ m — ■ — ■ ■ . i — Addis Ababa, in Abyssinia omci 1 — ao7 1929 SUBN«. 15 JU FROM Apr 9 DATE ss1nla-#-30?. (Soathar d) July 3(p Dec . 7 mi m. SUB Now «)g PURPORT See 884,154/13 for # 176 from Abya^ ■inia (flonthardl - ii AIL^JL 9. foiL JL 23 5 frem Ab- jQf BulTMhOPt of with a freight ffftmrnn nie- Waahout on th the interniption in eerrice* Voted: 884«1541 new _ _Qf ,-QfijLcera a n d r ^ftH: ■n ser T"^ r-1 V ,J - - •^- ■"■ ■^- «■♦> ' ^, . • r- L-IST OF PAPERS. ♦ ♦♦ fc r t Subject : Railway Ra tes A byssinia^ FROM Heport_Jl iMi TO Jfar>gl g e ea SUB No. PUSPOKT. Inor eased Railwa in Ab M^inft •AM — of 30^ for thfi BOO nil ? scL-Con- moTig Tid p]i r *^ .% ^x ■" J.A> _ .^ _ ul«. .iJL V LIST OF PAPERS '^ • ■♦•♦• Subject: K K< AiklA^ i-'^ DATE. 1911 %t D §6A~ J} xn 9 2 TOt SUB No. PUBPOKT t » ^l>ai^T^B for / \ 1 1 . - ■* ^,* V I * TV »»^ m i I i n \t \/ ll 1 ii • 1 J f< \ .. '- • / ^ .■■•>( . .' • • i 1 1 i .'■.."■ ♦ ' I 1 1 1 1 •-I r ICn :smeat noM— 1%W^ llOT.26 UOTE ^K 684 •63/* for despatch from ^mi SHIN*. riJlFOlT. / I^!5[?r4.?!?!?sp^^^ ia three aer^ u 3 e in pro 3pM t ii^'f or "mineral -[de-^ Kx ifi • • r- I (• J^V IS. 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SUBN« ;<.- FROM— Qtjf^My #2635 3oi)DouroMu& 1 s ) / 2 AttstKa #1629 (Wathbum) mi a»p 2 TO dp PURPORT SapttlS na n» Gft)ftoiny___l26 6 9 (Sc human ^ k^ept Ic ne we paijyE3P0HBAKQE D'BTHIOPIEf praaiaM^bJy a propaganda a heet diraetad ohiaf - ly agitinat Graat Britain and apparant ly pabli ahed i n Addis A1 M J^j» J^4^ W€^j, f TP'FRTnPTT!! pr^guinably ^ Qyaat Britain^ C QHilBS?Qin)aNC£ D*£TK IQPIE, .An 1927 > The article, "The .P -^byssinia^ ""n i^^g g lish Op inion^" nay be of interest t o Depa rtments Dr> £rich V/ einzinger, former of iiustr ian Consula r Service tioned at -txddis ^baba> / JACKBT aiSS /^ y V LIST OF PAPE:R8 J •< ^\ »■ Sok/eei: Mineylogy - Abysai^iiM '«^"^ 1^ • 1 .^ r _ - ■v ' t. .,^^ » 'f •■< SUBN*. :^ DATE ColTapbla Oniver, jFeb 19 (Reynolds Benson •^.A ..'•i SUBNa^ "' - " Tv PURPORT if^ Bequests reports f v/ith reference to m 1 i: .< [I -I I sou roes, deve and g eo Informs that Department is not awa that the territory has ever been soientifioally prospected^ nor dOi it know of any publications sole- ly on this matter* Refers to the Statesman's ^ear Book** 1926, as possible source* » . M > •r '- ' ^ .-i^ i \"» , ■iM i» . > •tr--. <'. f V i . ? V/ .?' • '■ i - I ^ 1 T- 'tAC^». ..■^uL^.L.^^.'^.d....^.^ r : 00 00 1^ t - CO I 00 M r ' u.vr r 'ill # ■p" •>«'.*" I SSiriCATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP»T Q,if»' ,jt.. Yf\\\ to Ko.71 Dljplomatio. ^ z' AMERICAN LEGATION ADIS ABABA. \ \0 cT^^ DIVISION OF NRAR f:A3TERN a: - . RS t AKUAHY 15.1910. -i Ack:i:ov;ieil^^*^- ^ 3UBJT5C Current Affairs at AAls Abal^a. ABSTRACT: King's healtt unolianged^ Queen Ib control o^ governmental affairs^ Minister of DUkwee^^-^ dismissed and new Minister appointed— Waagohoum Abatta recalled and will be succee ded, eto. >> ^ ^ j^^ I o f SEl" i THE HOUORABIF THE SEORETAHT OT STATE, WASHIHGTON. Sir: I have the honor to state that no cliange la tc b« reported In Eing yanelUc's con<lon, and that govermoental afXhire in thia oountry remain in the precise state aa preTlousl7 ocimnunlcated to the Department. Tor the time being, the Queen maintains her supremacy at the ^uebbl and T am credibly informed that practically every decision now arrlyed at by the Oorernment is at her instigation, or subject to her consent. The primary reason for this condition of affairs, for there is little doubt that the Queen •e domination is dlstaetef-al to the majority of the officials and to the i eople_ wcul.1 appear to lie In the fact that the Queen's strong Irifliience ;vith King Venelik la very greatly feared, anu tYih,i '/a1}g he atl]l lives t'lere v:gu15 r^vfir be a chsnoe of a '/7or(5 frcu Wi' iu ^upr.ort cf t^L^ Cuof n , being p.^cGuate to cause the doTn^fall I zrJ ralj; of ar// Indlvldaal, ex i^art^^ , .MTflcientl/ i^d'/ertur- CU6 to Jcci^ardize all personal interests snd , /.orlia^s life Itaelf, by Ci^oTi o^xcaltlon* AbyaLiLia Coes net tre^fi •%-< CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LET OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DE B V.v/i;... ;d^..L. DATE .^,/^, /^ / >. ■A. *»• f». J -0_ "breed many dlBii)t8reat©d i;atrlot6_ .\i}(l T may aay that , as long- as Kln^- Taeinelik lives lie will "be feared; and, as long as TTing iienelik lives the Q^ueon 77111 Le alao feared. The provable oourae of eventa, on the death of the present ruler of Abyssinia, ia somewhat problematical, but it is generally bellovod that the power of the Queen in adiLinistrat ive affairs v/ill then be broken- I beg to report that one of the local events of the past few weeks has been the ircprisoniaent and iismisoal from office of the Minister of '^omrerce, the IT^gadiras Haile Greorgius, formerly I'inister for Foreign Affairs* The I^egadiras who haa been involved in several investigations relative to the disappearance of fands and irregularities in connection with the administration of the customs, was detained in prison for one night only, being released the following day Ui;on liis f^arnishing guaranty, or bail, in a large s^jjt. of money. us ris imprisonment and dismissal froiL office does not deer, to weigh heavily upon the Segadiraa Haile Georgias, v:\o is frequently to be seen in public with his usual escort of some hundred or so retainers^ it is also generally believed here that he will return to power in the near future. The fact that the Tegadiras Haile ^eorgius has advanced loans of money at various times to nearly all the merchants doing business at Adis Ababa renders him a n.uch discussed personage in business oircles, particularly as the p:aJority cf loans are outstanding. The TTegadiras Yigazo has forfually anncunc^el his appoint- ment as Minister of Coi^r.erco, to rynelf and to my oclleagues. I beg to stato th<>t T have net b^uri able Ic j:is:)ertain that he will be able or r/Hllnr to promote; the interf^ir^t^^ of real fc r^igv^ cOiL:iaraG in any respect. T beg to report that the XedJ^iz Abntta, v/hose appointment h.^ Ta/igohouia i>: the northerii districtii .vas reported in ^y f . ■ t df^^ii patch l.„*SSJ(JWHW"! CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LET OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DE -3- dtapatoh No. 51 of October 9,1909, has been reoalled to Adls Ababa, and that It 13 now definitely stated that a lineal decendant of the Waapohc^jj':'^ of !7aag: v/111 be appointed in hoa stead. winde rjttin'l that thie step has beet found neoeseary by the Abyaainlen Soveniinent , ov/ing: to the continued refusal of the iiyhabitantcj of the Tlgre diatrlcto to acoe^^^t the "D^cijai Abattu u^ ^over^or, large iiUjr.berB of them having threatened to leave the country and settle acro33 the frontier urfier Italian Juriadiotion, The Dadjaz Abatta is now on his v/ay to Adis Ababa, having: effectoil the actual crushing of the open revolt of the chief Abraha, In an apparently effectual manner. I have the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient servant , I y V •■**^^-.i**?' 1 € ■I*. 1^ f! ,A r *s. classificahqn canceled authoritt letter of 1-8-58 from w. h. andbrscw, state dep*t ik ^*te*- \? lopltOltt Mnt tf AMERICAN LEGATION diviii«n tf Infcrciatioa,* ADIS ABABA. -4 \^ /c^ uiui>iurrMJLNT ui? ' j<'ii WTATi,.', '0/> ST^1• SUBJSCT: FEB 7\ 1910 OIVISION OF ^^AR EASTtRN AFFAIRS (xovtraor of Harrar Haoalltl. ^' > < . .\JL , -. >t *< K/ ABSTRACT : Q«djae Baloha arrivas at Alia AbdWD hty-^'^V" raoaXl giy«3 ria« to muoh oonjaotura. Brititli •f fort 3 diraotad to "bring about hla raooTal from offlca-. G^oT«mor unpopular with paopla of Harrar who daslr* Lij Tafari^tha aon of Baa Ualconnan to hold tha offioa. parsonallty of Lij Tafari. Sad J as Raloha a atrong man. raoarks on Harrar. attltuda of Quaan t% for- algn int«r«sta, ato. >i TH:^ H050RABLT5 m r Eft. I L?» THE 33CHET1HY 0? STATE, WASHTUQTOJI Sir: fen T>roufht to bear against him. Harrar la situated in a very rloh apricultarbl district and is the chief ooBBTieroial center of IJastera Abyaainia. Prerlously to the construction of the Jibuti- Dire Dawa railway 9 LASSIFICATIQN CANCBI-BD Auxnviux x * )F 1-8-58 FROM W.H. ANDERSON, STATE Byf^Z- ^o^--^^^ DATEj^,^,^^2L/ -3- railway, HArrar was fad almost exoiluBlvciXy v?ith exports froa the coast port of Zella, in British Somallland, and British Intsrssts wsre much in the ascendanoy. Tha railway Uaa detracted largely froo. the comiDeroe of the plaoa, and, upon Its completion to Adis Ababa, should decrease its importanoe to a very large extent; but, for the present, the town remains a rery act Its trade center. The town and dlatrict of Ilarrar was, formerly, for many years, under the Jurisdiction of the late Has Malconnen, a man of greatest influence among the people of that region, among whom a large proportion oonsista of Arabs and Mohamedans of Arabic desoent. ring lilenelik and Has Makonnen were the two great men of present day Abyssinia, and to their strength of charao^ ter and flar-slghtedness is due praotioally everything that has so f%T been accomplished in oom.ection with the adrano- ement of Abyssinia. At the time of his death, in the year 19C6, Has Itakonnen m&dd the rttquast that his eldest son, II j Tafarl, should be his suooesaor as OoTemor of Rarrar. P-^ Lij Tafarl Is at fresent residing* at Adla Ababa« He is a youth of about 16 years and appears to be af an amiable dieposition and to have a strong liking for laropeana and European ouatoms, particularly thoje of the 5Jngli8h* He gives me the impression of being entirely v/ithout force of character, but, perhaps, he might in time become a the desirable mefllum for furtherance of foreign interests were he vested with the abore important office, and subjected to good influences. I understand he ia being very strongly supported by the the rioh Harrar district .which lies contiguous to l^gllsh, who attach much importance to their SomaXilazid protectorate. The native population of Harrar, of all classes and religions, have recently formulated requests for LA8SIFICATIQK CANCELED AUTHORTTT LET >T? 1-8-S8 FROM W. H. ANDERSON. STATE DEI ^O^J'Jjy'LQ DATE 7) nu -4- for the appolntiMnt of the son of R»a Makonnen to whom they were all loyally devoted. The Dedja£ Baloha has been in a fTs dlffloult position at Harrar, and I am of the opinion that it would have tak^n him 'wmrj many years to grain the confidence of the adherents of the heir of Ras I^akonnen. Re seene to me, how- ever, one of the most capable men in Abyssinia today. His history is a sad one. Of fluragi origin, he was taken prisoner, when a hoy, by the Abyssinlans who conquer- 1 ed the proTlnoe of that name. According to the pre- vailing custom, even up til today, the Balcha was made a slave after having been horribly mutilated by his captors. Owing to his integrity and devotion to the Interests of Eing Uensllk, in whose service he was, he received his freedom, and was gradually raised to his present important position. I beg to state that I should surmise the Dedjaz Balcha will contlnus to be em important figure in Abyssinian politics. I7o announcement has yet been made as to the appointment of a new governor of Harrar, but the belief is generally entertained that LiJ ?afarl will soon be named to that position ^xDder the ^.Ireotlon of his present guardian, Dedja:: Aba Tabour. I beg to state that, personally, I am not convinced that this course will be followed by the Abyssinian Govern- ment , for the reason that his appointment, from the Abyssinian point of view, would be more in the nature of a concession to foreign Interests than to those of Abyssin- ia. The Queen ^ who, for the time being, appears to be vested with threat power, has displayed much evldan- oe of a desire to retard foreign activity Thenever possible. I have the honor to be. Sir, '*■■■. ■ - ■((P"-ir'--"'. " CLA88IF1CATIQN CANCELED AU'IVOKITX LT OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE Dl ■ I i» ■ wtrm—'^ -s- 31r, Tour o^edl«nt servant. V f* / «^ t; ELED AUTHORITY LBl ANDERSON, STATE DE BV/w.M. . 77....WP DATE ^. J, . n /i(o 'fmmm > / 4?0.75 T)lplomatlc AMERICAN LECiATION ADIS ABABA. DEPABTMBNT OF STATS, MAR 7 1C10 DIVISION OF NhAR EASTERN AFFAIRS \ J . s> ^ ^ ^ ^ ->p ^-. / JAUUARY 25,1910. GUBJT^CT: :-hotO|rr»phs 0* Crown Triiio* 5|E|5:giag4^?««« ABSTRACT: l.ir.?hilic transniits x^hotographa under sei)arate oov»r^ ti\«^^ hev« b»ea ottalatd onl/ with th« ,19C9. HF.IH ?RF,3 ^' i. I / . . T^ •^▼▼▼-^ i^^^r---, ,-^»»— «■» rnLf'^'^/^'''"'^ Are rl car. Leg;at ion , January HS/iSlC. t 1 CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHOIUTY LE' OF l-H-58 FROM W. M. ANDERSON, STATE Dl HY, ,/^,,,, ,.;..v, .. HATE ji^Lj .,< -V- Ericlo3ure to acconpHny !:o.64 Diplomatic of Droe'^.ljer If I'S'^S / / / t 1 -■\.'^ > ./. joT'V. ^ kJ A3YS")i., u:; GovEiC.:::::;?. /ir\f^ ar. Tjepatioii, Adid ri^Libb , Ajyasir.ia, . ar/aary ^T , 1 9 1 r . CLASSIFICATION CANCELED Aurnumi I m^xm^o^ OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP»T r-jma'itrwiW.t^j^j ■^'%*»**Iuxj)-i^ i - MM0wkdg9d by form G. E. S. niE, • • • r« -r-r -f ♦* ,^ r»^ pv -vr Sir: OQ o I hare the honor to atate t'.uit in the i^^ct fe\r vi-c'.cs there has been no change reported in Hlng; I.!en(*lik's cond- ition v:hich still continues to be critical, and thai -over- co ^ nr.ental affairs hare up to a fev davB d lu rr out until the fOilorinf^ day vhen sr.vpral ."^tore-houses of arms ,aruiiit ion, field- CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORTrY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP^T -2- field-f vins .etc were taken fror the ""ueen's officers an3 are still under a i^trOnp puard tiy the forces of Ras Tassamna, vho , v/lth Li J Yassu now inaintalTi supremacy at the Guehti, I "beg" further to state that the hitherto strong* pov;er of the ^iD.preaii: ^Teitu would seem to be effectually broken. I understand 2ho has been refused perrilsslon to po to her country at "^egamdrr and l3 to all practical purposes a prisoner Ir a rortlcn cf the palace ur\^< nay soon be re- rr.oved to Antoto, \.-^ It has recently been learned that the Queen had sent a large cararan of arma and anunltlon to Eepamdar, to which province she expected to escape if necessary. These will probably be Intercepted en route and braurht back to Ad Is Ababa. The Dedjaz Abatta , who was appointed Taag-cho^^. of Tlpre* lind later recalled after th'^ ^rfusal of the tribes of that prorince to accept his leadership, has been car.i-ed about tern days 'ourney froir. Adis ^orba for aor^e tin:e past and has persistently refused the Queer's orders to deliver to his successor, fleld-p'unn, ari'is and arriunitlor. in his possession and to return to th€ oai Ital , is new said to be on the march an^ vlll re^ch hern in a few days. Humors have br;en currfti?t horr for several days past that the^T^peror vas dee.i^, ^Ajiich tended to cause much unrest amcnr tlio natives. The authorities have placed an ad.'^.it Icnal 600 police with the already larpe force in t'ne town an5 market place • There have been no domonstrat ions and all possible precautions f.re uclng taker by the native officials, A iroclamation was made on 'Vednesday in the market place tc the effect that Kinf ^enelik was still livinp and much CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITT LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T ■MMll^4dUiM T much irproved, that he would appear anonp his people on St.!.!arlam' 8 day^ Saturday ,!'arch 26,), I may 3ay, however, that hi3 appearaHoe la not expected* I hare the honor to he, Sir, Your ohedient seryant Vice Consul Oenprinl . Pnolosure : Translation of ircular "by Has '"'an^^r^.^^ . J i^-^^^ CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHOiaTTl^TTKl OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T ^ -I/.jJL... ./o.rn.u^ DATEy,,^,. /^ /9(.Z, ! Suclosure In nc.l8-Cox.«nlar Of :>.rch H4,1S10* Translation of clrnulisr Tetter of "\Jl^ Teasainr.a. Siaoe the 12th fl^- of L!&g'H"AKfra?:oh 2l > ^thioxian officials held the rneetingB abO\Xt the- atate ol\ our Cover- ninent and hare decided that the ^uUaf?n sTiall tatt o^re of the ^peror, hut the order of the Ooyeinnmejit ^vill le accordijag to the vrill of Pwas Betuvedc^ed "^asBamnia ^'H'iO giierdian. and Lij Taeeu. We inforrr. you this that you will not think ir. another way. Written at Adis Ababa, Llagab it ,13th dayl902 ,A,I). (:!arch ?^2,191C. ) fSocl of las ^etuYedded Taasamra). CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-H-5H FROM W H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T DATE / '/, V /Vt'l April £7, 1910. Tho Honorable Oaoar S. Straus, Aincrioan Arabaooador, C one tant Inople . Sir: I enclose for yotir Inforirjatlon a oopy of a deepatoh from the Anerlcan Vice Consul General v.t Adio Ababa In ro'-ard to political conditions at that plaoe. I an. Sir, Y ur obedient servant. Knclooure: Pron dis Abala, Mo. l8€>Gor.r.ulf\r , dated March 24, 1910. 986G/43 3 G r M . utDrAte"< toi* • CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORTTT LbttbiI I W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T k2f^ mm^m -wmmmmmmvm^'^^ I»*tO»0«tfi^»ir. DEPARTMENT OF BTA-ilJ, MAY 3 1910 n OiVlSlON OF NPAF'^ f-ASTEUN AFFAIRS '>^ A .4JflyftlCA]f COirSULiTS OSlTERiL. I'^ /C yAOIS ABABi, JLBTSSIiriA. MARCH 50,1910 .:T^ V aUBJSOT: Owrmit 4ffl»ir« at Adit Abalw. AB3TRA0f : Stporta ebaae** in Mm Abyss Inlaa l&lmist rjr. Batvm to t^^wt of tlM logstlraa Hallo (Saorflva. low Mlnlotor for forolcn Afflalra, Ota. TBI HOiOBABU THB A88ISTAIT SBORSfART OF STAfB, o lAniifaTOB. o. sir: I bog to roport tluit aaoa^ tbo aaiij abaagoa nado 1b Wm AbyaalBlas Ulmlatrj in tbo paat fow daya, alnao tlM Q«ooB liaa aaaaod, to^povarllj at loaat, to bo a donlnant faotor iB looal polltlaa, tho voat Inportant la t)io ro- appelntaont of tbo lo^adlraa Hallo Goorglma to tbo poat CO of Mlnlator of CoHBoroo, wbo, aa roportod In Ur.Fblllp'a a Ho.TlfDlploaatlo) of Jaa«ax7 15,1910, «m dlaaloaod froa tkat offloo and laprlaonod owing to allogod nlaapproprlat- t Ion of fuda oonnoatod wltli tbo ouatoaa. Tbo Ifogadlraa Hallo Ooorgiua was roloaaod ftoai prlaon tbo following day and pay»ont of botwoon $tOO,000 and fSOO.OOO.U.T. danandod, that bolng aald to bo tbo aaount of ahortago In bla aoooonta. It la gonorally tmdor- •tood kore, howoTor, tkat bo paid bnt |16,000.M.T. into tke goromoont troaanry at tbat tisa.and npon bia ratmm to powor tbo balanao of tbo oMonnt waa forglTon. Tbo Nogadlraa Tlgoto, wbo oinao tbat tiato baa bold tbo offioo of Klnlator of Coimoroo, baa boon appointod Mlnlator for Poroiien Affbira to auoooed tho Fitonranr Abta Goorrlna J t wbo By^// //;.., X^^yy. ELED AUTHORITY ANDERSON. STAT DATE =>4-/^ / S*i:tL. -E- who ■till bolds the offi«tt of Minister of War. Tk9 Segadlras Ylgmso has formally announoad his app- ointment at this office. The Ras Uaagasha, a stanah supporter of the Queen, who was appointed resently to the OoTemorship of the prorinoe of lalles^t snd who had not yet left Adis Ababa to take up the duties of that offiee, has been dismissed and the Dedjas Damsai, who was Goremor of Wallega until reeently has been reappointed. I beg to state that the abOTe appointments being made in direst opposition to the pollsy reeently persued by the Queen, leare only the offise of Minister of Finanee unehanged, whioh is still held by the Bljerond Mulu 6eta, a strong adherent of Her Majesty. While the Queen's troops hare all deserted or been disarmed, possibly 4000. soldiers hare arriTed to her support from the outlying districts in the past three days and are saaped within a half mile of the Guebbi, while the opposing forces of Has TessaBma and the Pltourary Abta Oeorgius hare collected to the number of some 60,000 ( is men camped within two hours march of the c^ty* / I hare the honor to be. Sir, Tour obedient serrant. Vice Consul Genor&l. ELED AUTHORITY LETTER ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T DATE \^d.j.^ J 7. /y^x *.' |,-**XS .ri c w •% X lihli'-^' -^ Io.l9*0oaBiilar. 1 'V I I X lUEmOAI OOISULiTB OmiERAI. 4 ' 1-; \ /.^ AilS ABABA, ABTSSIHU, MAROI t6.1910. \ V / \ ~\ 3UBJS0T : PolltlMl Affairs at Adit Ababa. ABSTRACT t Quaan appaals to foralgn Dlplaaatla Carps for aaiiatanoo. Coualii ^ Siiparar laprls- onad, Ota. I, TE3 HOirOBABlLS THB AS8ISTAIT 3S0BBTAST OF STATE, C.t.G- WA3EII0T0H. Sir: Roftrriag to mf defpatab Ho. 16 of Marok 24, I baro tbo boBor to raport tbat owlnf to tba pretont state of affairs at Adls Ababa and tbo apparently poworloss position of tbo Iteprass, Hsr Uajtsty bas appoalsd to tba foralfn dlploaat- lo oorps to Intoraood wltb tbo loo»l. offieials tbat sba 0*7 ba porvlttad to ItaTa Adia Ababa, and prooaod to bor own proTlBaa at Bagaatar Tbo appoal. boworor, as o o o fbr as I SB ablo to asaartaln sasBS not to baTo baan takon sorlovslj. Tbo Qusan Is still imdor gr^ard at tbo Onabbi as it is faarad bj tbs Stbiopian I^lnistry sbo will attampt ssoapa and oaao raaobing bor own pooplo may proTo a strong f^ator • r J is opposition to tbo saoaassion of Lij Taaau to tba tbrano on tbo teporor Moaolik*o doatb. I bog to atato tbat tbo Pitourary Tayya, a eousin of Iteparor Kaaolik was arrostod at an aarly bovr tbia Bemlng and put in obaina. Tba Fltourary Tayya baTO gainad smob popularity roaently aaoag tba paopla of Adls Ababa and tbo aurronnding eoimtry oonpriaing tba pro- Tlnaa .A \ ROMW.H. ANDERSON, STATE »MT CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LET OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON. STATE DE! BXi^ OLtkL DATE 2h^ j«>iii«iii ^founds ht oftrrlftd the red paxnaol whloh Is only carried "by the Ahysslnl^n ruleV, thlo heln^ the first time that the ?rlnoe has really acted In the capacity of the Emper- or at a public reception. The Waa^choTUfi arrlred about noon, having encamped the erenlng before on a largje plain to the east of the capital. Hla troops. about flTe thousand In number passed before the rerlerinft tent after which the 77aagohoum and his principal chiefs returned and were warmly greeted by the Crorn PrJUice anil his Court, Referrlnifr to I.!r Philip's lTo.60fDii.lomatla) of Korem- ber 10,19C9, I beg to state that I understand from cred^ Ible authority that the laagchouta, sl^^e his liZTlval^has made many serious accusations against the Quetn, the Fltourary Abta Georplus and the Bejerond Kulu Geta, the Klnlater of Finance, In connection with the recent dist- urbances In Tlgre', maintaining that after the Ded^a« Abraha t7a< wounded and taken prisoner his personal belongings were confiscated, among which he found Incriminating letters written by the Bejerond ilulu Oeta by the authority of the Queen, and that the leader of the tribes of Tlgre'was acting under the orders of Her IiSaJesty In reroltlng against tha goremment. It Is generally understood howerer, that the actions of the Fitourary Abta Georglus were due to the great power wellded at that time by tbe Queen, oT^f the looal court, and not by anjr bad Intentions against ^Is goremment. The natlre ninlaters hare been in conference dally since the return Of the i7aagohoum but as yet nothing has been made public as to what the results will be. It is understood hare that the Dedjas Abraha will be brought back to Adls Ababa durlnp- the coming week. I beg to state that the Ilaa Gogaa, a son-in-law of Smperor CLASSIFICATION CANCELBU au invzu* x *-»* ii OF 1-8-58 JTIOMW.H. ANDERSON, STATE -enjijJL^ -^^^^-'o DATE ^.A. n / ^ . * -• -3- Bmperor M«n«llk was Imprisoned on th« £8rd. instant , and put in chains, rasulting from tha daath of Dadjas Taasa- icma, a nassanfar sant by Has Taasamna to Has Hioaal, tha nassangar waa killad whila pasainp throng tha pro- Tinoa of Bagandar whioh is goramad by Has &ugsa who was hald raaponsihla for tha mtirdar, he baing still a sopportar of the Quaes. Has Miaaal being on his way to tha proTinoe of I«8ta, whioh is gofm9^ by Has Vallay, a brother of Her Hajasty, whare thara has baan recent rar- olta against the Abyssinian rule. I beg to state that tha Raa Ifolde (^eorglua, the Gorer- nor of Kaffa, a large prorinoe in aouth-wastrern A^yf^itiip^^ reached Idis Ababa on the 25th, instant with a large follow- ing of aoldiara, hia preaenoa at the oapltal is tha subject of much speculation among tha natiraa, baing a mambftr of the Hoyal family and at one time expected to iuooaed ?!mperor Menelik to tha ?!thippian throne, is aaid to be mueh opposed to the prospectlre rule of LiJ Taaau. I beg to atate that the Dejas Baloha, formerly ooTomcr of Harrar and as reported in my 5o. 17 (Consular) of i/iaroh 4. was succeeded in that office by Dedjas Tafari, haa recent- ly been appointed fOTemor of the prorinoe of Sldamo in the aouth* X beg to state that an occaaional statement by an Abyssinian official that the ring is still liring is all that is obtainable in regitrd to His Majesty's health. v-^^ I hara the honor to be, Sir, Your obadlent serrant. Vloa Consul General. .V. CLASSIFICATION CANUELJSU AU inviviA x xjk OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE I I 4i IWIPI W ■ ■ ffM •y So. £6 Conaolar. DKPABUCKBT OV aTATll, JUN 15 1910 DIVISION OF NEAR EASTERN AFFAIRS n 41 IK^* AlCERICAU COKSOLAT!': OEiraHAl ADIS ABABA. ABT33IBIA, MAY 1£,1910. 'MI| -2- appolnted ToTernor of a portion of the prorinoe of Eaffk. I bef to state that Has r^o^sa, who as reported In mj No. 22 of April 26, was irprisoned on April 2J^ . has been sent to a prison in the proTinoe of Walle^a, ostensibly on the charts stated in the abore mantior.ed despatch but it would seen to be more owing to his persistent adherens* to ths Quaen's sauss. I bag to stata that a Bora rij^orons watch is now being kept OTsr that portion of the Guabbi in which the Queen is held a priaoner. State functions howerer go on the sane, the Abyaainian Saater vaa oalabratad on Hay 1st., followed a weak later bj a grand feast. On both of thasa occasions the fcraign reprasentatiTaa ware inrited to participate and were cordially receired by the Crown Prince, Lij Tassu who occupied the Enperor's throne in the Adaraok. The fomar, essentially a relifioua celebration consisted of sereral hundred Bthioplan prlaats asaambled to herald the tidinga of llaster and to do h mm 9 CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LET OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON. STATE DE! B V,j,/A.., A w v^^r//. DATE \^^h^ /% /?<^. -2- c inlrahl in attendance upon His Majesty, that the King was heing poisoned, as reported In Mr. Philip's No. 30 of Au^st 4,1S09. On the same charge the AzzadJ I^latafarla. who was then Con- mander of the Palace, la also helng tried. During trial they are "both held In chains In the palace. I beg to state that the Crown Prince, Llj Yassu, has recently dlroroed his child wife, who la a niece of Plmpresa Taltu, whom he married a little orer a year ago, presoznahly to renoTe Her I^jesty's ohjectlon to hie succession to the throne on Tlhoperor Kenellk's death, and It la understood that he Is soon to he married again. It la also currently reported here that LIJ Yassu will, at an early date, be crowned King of 3hoa and Kaffa, the title of King of Kings being withheld until the death of Emperor Kenellk, of whose condition rery little can be learned except that Hie I^ajeety is still llrinf, althoufh aliroBt totally paralyxed for aeTeral months past and unab- le to take but a sufficient amount of liquid nourishment to sustain life, he has been unable to speak for seyeral months and his mind has failed rapidly. I have the honor to be. Sir, Your obedient serrant. vice Consul General. CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T ^^/,AL..., Zcar^.i^ DATE ^;,A, rA /n X 9M f^ o 9i circu AHERI "WAS Em COnPANY UARE t ,'JG DIVIS n f ■• / • •AugUBt 3, 1910 ].; J,' Y D epart *:; ent of St at e , Washlriirton, D. C Gentlemen: We ieaue en-oh year a School Calendar, in which we give the names of the rulers of the various countries of the world. For pub- lication in this, may we ask you to be kind enough to favor us with the narae of the pres- ent ruler of Abyssinia, of which we presume you have a record. Thanking you in advance for the information, we remain, Yours very truly, AiCERIC^ BOOK CQIfPAlTY n CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T By/,.//L... .:^.v. :r DATE /.A. /-/ /JLZ / / > / / ^^ infiwt a» mo. OlaNnOMr n t j a xt—a tt AMriMa Book 0«9«iqri ^ftidiliistoii S^tMure. low Yortc* Sir: Tho Bfxiii I tMHl. haa rooelYttd yontr lottor of tht Ard InotMit, lAiorolii ymi aak tho hmm of tho py— oat nXor of AliafsojUiia. !*• proMBt Idne of Abysainla io Uonollk II. , nlko OMM to tho tlirooo la tbo jroar 1869* I fia» Sl3r» Your obodloat sosiroiitt \ .t \ /kc *<- 1 «.^, A«tliiB sooarotoxy of stato. 9666/49 8 F ^ truL copy ' ^^c CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY USTTBK OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T BT K.v //,..., /..,... n DATE ^,/^, /7. / %?. ■\ Uo* 29-Con8ular. / ITHPAjaTBOlNn' OF 8TATB, ^^^UG 10 '^^0 DtvisiON or *^PAR MSTFRN AFPAIRI AMERICAN CONSULATE G?:NKHAL. Fli.tEi E. E. Y. V fe\ ■■■?? ADI3 ABABA, ABYSSINIA. JUNK 27,1910. SUBJECT: Current Affairs at Ad la Ababa. ABSTRACT: Former Minister of Finanoe and "inlster of the Palaoe pardoned of oharges growing out of attempted poisoning of Emperor Menellk^ The Queen's trial Indefinitely postponed— Reported fighting in prorince of Walamo between Has Walll and Ras Mloael. THE HONORABLE THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF STATE, WASHINGTOK r ) m m ' ''I^^H IH V i^m > i^H ^ IH Sir: Referring to my despatch 3o.27 of the third Instant, I beg to state that affairs at the Ethiopian court haTe undergone no material change sinoe that date. The Bejerond IIulu Geta, former Minister of Finanoe, who was then being tried on the aharge of oomplisity with Empress Taitu in the attempted poisoning of Kmperor Kenelik and of inciting the recent rerolt in Tigre' against the goYernment, and the Azzadj Matafaria, former ilinister of the Palace, who was charged with the former offence only, have both been restored to faror and their three accusers forced to pay $80.:v;.T. each, to the accused and $5000J<;,T. into the gOTernment treasury. This is in accordance with a local custom by which one or more persons are okoseA from the lower official ranks to make the accusation , while the real accusers may remain in the background. In the case in question Ras Abata and Ras Tessamma were the real accusers, the case being tried before the high court of Abyssinia^ the same had continued for some days whea proceedings came to an abrupt end, before any import- 7* m I'i M O 6D 3 ant SSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STAT] I ■«■■••■■ I - O. c. Important evidence had been submitted, and all offloiala connected with the court were content to dismiss the case on the pTOunds that both parties concerned possessed much irrportant Information which might be dangerous should they become enemies of the present gorernment. It is said however that the closing of the case against the two officials was f2:reatly Influenced by large sums of money havlmg been paid to officials high in power. At this decision a great protest was raised by the en- emies of the accused, saying openly that the court had been Influenced by bribes, this ended in a fight which was only stopped when the two parties had been clubbed apart and d ispersed^ The Bejerond has already left the capital for his province in the south-west. I beg to state that the Queen was to have appeared in court on the followinp- day upon complaint of Ras Abata , to answer to the evidence produced by him that Dedjaz Abraha, when leading the Tegrians ap^ainst the Emperor's troops under his cominand , in the fall of 1909, was acting under Her I^'ajesty 's orders. The rrornlng of her trial, the Queen was srranted permis- sion to appoint someone to represent her in court and chose the Fitciurary Abta Qeorplus, 1%'lniBter of 'Var, who has for several months past been confined to his home with a severe attack of rheumatism, and being unable to appear in the Queen's defense the case was indefinitely postponed. As Ras Abata has left Ad is Ababa for Cambata , an extrerre southern province, it is considered unlikely that the case will be brought up again, I beg to state that fightiag has recently been report- ed in V7alajno, between Ras ofalli, dovemor of that province end a brother of Rmpresa Taltu, and Has Micael. Vhile the information yet received has been very vague, it is >ii i I understood SSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T B Y/.v //..., f.....,, DATE ^, A ;^ /i(^ '^ "'■■ir^;''^"'*7^.'*4f^r'™ • ***:' ^^H- 4 , . — ■«. :(| -3- understood that Raa Walll la well fortified in his mount- aluoaa country and will doubtless prove a formidable opp- ojaent to a besieging army, more espefiially during this season of the year when the rains and mud will make it most difficult traveling. Ras Waldo Georgiua has reached Walamo from the west with a large army and expects to Join Raa Mioael'a army to the east, a force of 50,000 soldiers are ready to leave Adia Ababa for that territory under Dedjaz Daraesi and Lagaba Waldo viabriel. I beg to state that with the departure of the above troops, those of Raa Abata and of Dedjaz Balcha who haa recently gone to Sedamo and numerous smaller officers leaving recently with the troops in their command, loaves the capital with less soldiers than at any time since the illness of Emperor Kenelik assumed a serious aspect some- thing over a yeShr ago. i I have the honor to be, Sir, Tour obedient servant, Vice Consul General. CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T / CIRCU AriERI ,-W\' ntNT COnPANY UARE Department of State, Washington, D. C. August 15, 1910 Oentl«Bien: I M.I ^MUG f>IV'S(OV Of We beg to aoknowledge the reoelpt of yo esteemed fayor of the 6th inert., Infoxming us that the present king of Abyssinia is Menelik II. We hare just noticed in a copy of the ITrenoh perlodi- oal, "L* Illustration", under date of July 30th, an artiols by a trayeller recently returned from Abys- sinia, in which he states that Ifenelik, being hopslsssly paralysed, has been permanently deposed frCB office, and that the present ruler of the country is Lidj ^yassu , under the guardianship of a council of Chiefs. Hay we request you to be kind enough to inform us whether the department has been infoxmed of any facts of a similar nature bear- ing on the point in question? Yours very trxily, <^^/^ ~^ I '' o o 3 4 CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T i^ AOflnuit 24. 1910* S«% York* C Sir: X a«kiiaifl#dgo the r»o«ipt of yotir lott«r «if th« 15th i2UBtaiit» Inquiring forthsr regarding tK* oooitpMit •< thft tfaroiiA of AbyiMilnlft. Ton %\mX% ttet, ft0o«r41sf( to OJ3 artiole In a r#«ent 9^n«b periodlMkl, King litnaXlk hae \%9fn d«po»ed fros off loo and that ■ . . * r . tho prMont rtaor of the oouDtrjr in Lid J B|— u , laidor tho gOArdlaaohip of a ooaaeil of Ohlofo* This 2)opartaMst hoc not boon offiolalXy Informed of tho dopooltion of Uonollk II, i^bo, aooovdlng to Ito boat knowlodfo, le still tho vulor of Ahysolnia. . Sir, Your obedient oorraat* 1 NO \ I ^ 5^V ^ tru^.- copy '^r thA signed q-;^. Aotlnir SeexHitttry of St«t*« % CLASBiriUATlun *^Anv* OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. B 'jULLl ANDERSON, STATE DE DATE^.A. n //6 X5 h4^ n ^< r~^ f 7'p n ^ ^-*i J ':^. * "^ / S<^.33 Consular. DBPABIlUUrr OJ* BTATB, Q^SEP 15 ^r^o Division of npar eastern affairs \- -A .'-OK .-^ rN ^K \ . AMERICAN COnSULATE GENERAL. ADIS ABABA. ABYSSINIA, AUGUST 8.191 SUBJECT: Current Affairs at Ad is Ababa. ABSTRACT: Reports disturbanoea In the province of Yejju_ Fear of another revolt in Tlgre'. Health of Emperor Menelik, eto. THE HONORABLE Aoknowisdgoct byfoni. 'HE SECRETARY OF STATE, 3 washi:;gton. Sir: '\ V I have the honor to report that the attention of the Abyssinian Government la, at the present time, very large- ly centered upon the outcome of the revolt of Ras "Valli, as reported in my No,31 of July 16* s^i I bep to state that it is currently reported at Adis- ^^ 2 Ababa that Ras ^alli has recently received some 3000 camel _ ^ loads of arms and Eimmunition, the origin of which is still ^ unknown, and it is greatly feared that Dedjaz Saoum will Join forces with this revolting chief. Dedjaz Saoom is a powerful chief in the province of Tigre\ he is a nephew of the late King Johannes , Emperor Menelik's predecessor, and since the revolt in that provin- ce in the summer of 1909 he has refused to recognize the sovereignty of this government over hie northern tribes, at the same tirre restraining them from open revolt. It is expected, however, that should Ras Tolde Georgiue, who has been appointed over all the chiefs and governors of northern Abyssinia, attempt to enter that province he would have much difficulty in doing so. The purpose of the large ^^ . urn m •>tmw)Kmt^m »■■ i i iii.a lummmmifmirmM^KfmmmmiiitmMn •^^mf^isms^ ^fxtm CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHUKITT usiu OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP' -2- large army which recently left Adia Ababa, aa reported in my above mentioned deapatch, waa to ultimately bring; both Ras Wolli and Dedja« Saoum to the capital aa prisoners. Ras Walll, when recently ordered to return to Adia- Ababa, replied to Raa Taaaamma that he did not approve of his regency here, nor waa he in favor of the succession of Li J Yaaau to the throne in the event of Kmperor Menelik^a death, and that he would not come to Adia Ababa alive. His objection in the latter case being, like many other chiefs throughout the country, that the Crown Prince cornea from a Icohamedan tribe, his father, Raa Micael, being born to that faith and afterwards became connected with the Abyss- * inian church. Ras Jiicael ia. however, still known among his own tribesmen as the Sultan Kohamedalli. I beg to state that, while all reports received here are extremely vague and in many cases unreliable , it would seem that the revolts of the Shangallas, or negro tribes in the west and south west, also the Gallaa in the Arusai coun- try to the south and east of Adis Ababa, were unlikely to assume a serious aspect, owing to the lack of leaders among the tribesmen , who are not well supplied with arms and in many places are armed only with spears. Small skirm- ishes have, however, taken place among the tribes and the government troops. I beg to state that yesterday, Sunday, heralds procla- imed .throughout the town and on the market place , an order of the government that all should devote an hour morning and evening to prayer during this month, consequently loud pray- ers are to be heard on all sides for the Emperor and the soldiers in the north. I beg further to state that Emperor Menelik appeared on the balcony of his appartments in the Guebbi on Monday last, this beinp his first appearance in public for several months. ,» \ ELED AUTHORITY LETTER ANDERSON. STATE DEP'T ^X/^jffL... /o.^nL, DATE^ -•'5- months, while His !.;ajeaty was supported at his right and left arm by attendants he seemed, by those who saw him, to be much Improved* It is, however, reported by three physicians who were summoned to the Guebbl on the following day that the Emperor was still unable to speak and little hope Is entertained of any Improvement in His Majesty's con- dition. ^^ I have the honor to be, Sir, Tour obedient servant. ;<£^^^. Tloe Consul General. f ^j 't^' >"•"??"■•"■''■ d»* mLmmmmmmrr or •tati. CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTMUtuiii^xiiix* VvTi-R-f^RTOOMWH. ANDERSON, g-*-- ^'''^''^ ^L<2^k^ DATE /? />^^X^ [RRTCAN CONSULATE ^FINKRAL. Sir: V ADIS ABAl^A, ABYSSINIA, JULY 18.1910. pEPAjiTicmirr or bta^tb. f fairs in Abyaal , SEP 24 ^no iJ I DIVISION or - I ^^//c^ iaturbanoes in Provinoes of YeJJu T^ ry^/^ ^^. 'ARY OF TE, MSHIKGTOH. r c/> I ksTe the honor to report that information has rece- ntly reached Adis Ahaha of aerere fight imf between the tro«- ops of Raa Mioael and Has Walli, on the border between Wallo and the proTiace of YeJJu, the most southern province of the reroltiar chief, some fifteen days march to the north lo c » g of the capital, in which the latter gaiaed a Tictory over 2 the Emperor's forces and captured over 20C rifles and con- siderable ammunition, the losa of life has not been report- ed but it ia not conBidsred to be great, I beg to alate that a strong force of about 50,000 men has recently left the capitBl under comnand of Dedjaz Loulaegadi and the Legaba nolde Gabriel, to the relief of Raa ii'ioael, and small forces are leaving here almost daily. It is understood from credible authority that Raa Tesaamma and the Drown Prince, LiJ Yaaau, may both proceed to the north i» a short time if Has Wolli persists in his opposit- ion to I^peror ienelik's government, this belief is streng- thened by recent reports from the Guebbi that Raa Abata has been ordered to return from Cambata with all the aold- V * t f 1 iere LASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER )F 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T BY/^jJL.^ /o.^^.L, DATE J, J,^, n / ^■■■^■iB^ W .' -t.> n V Go. 31 Consular. ST.TBJRCT: AMKRICAK CONSULATE GEjraHAL. ADIS ABA"BA. ABY3SIKIA, JULY 18,1910. pEPABTICUrr Ol" BTATK, | ^///C" Curremt Affairs is Abyaalmla. *1 ^ DIVISION or j •^, ABSTRACT; Reports disturbanaes in Provinoss of YeJJu and Kaffa. ■/^ ry ^ /ft THE HONORABLE ^■. THE SECRETARY OF STATE. WASHINGTON. Sir: •^ I kare the honor to report that information has reoe- ntly reached Adie Ahaha of serere fightimf between the tro*-, c ops of Has Mioael and Raa Walli, on the horder between lallo and the proriace of YeJJu, the most southern province of en ^■.' the reroltiar ahief, some fifteen days marah to the north fiO ^ of the capital, in which the latter g:aimed a victory over iC the Emperor's forces and captured over 20C rifles and con- siderable aminunition , the loss of life has not been report- ed but it is not considered to be great, I beg to state that a strong force of about 50,000 men has recently left the capital qjider comnand of Ledjaz Loulsegadi and the Legaba nolde Gabriel, to the relief of Ras Misael, and small forces are leaving here almost daily. It is understood from credible authority that Ras Tessamma and the Crown Prince, Li J Yassu, may both proceed to the north iM a short time if Ras Wolli persists in his opposit- ion to Emperor ienelik's government, this belief is streng- thened by recent reports from the Guebbi that Has Abata has been ordered to return from Cambata with all the sold- iers CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T mm soldiers at his oommana end to remain at Adis Ababa while the Repeat and Crown Prince are away, it will howoYer require considerable time before thawe orders can be carr- ied out as the proTinoe of Cambata is in the extreme south- ern part of AbyssiMia* I beg: to state that Kas Wolde Georfius.who was expect- ed to loin Has Kieael some time ago, has been compelled to stop with his entire army at Godjam owinp to the heavy rains makinj- it impossible to pass the Abai Hirer. I beg to state that other disturbances hare been repo- rted in the province of Kaffa in the south west. 'he Bassha Wolde Maakal , who had been recently sent there by LiJ YasBu to act as high Judge over that entire province, has been killed by the Shangallas, The advance guard of Dedjaz Kulu Geta. who left recently to assume the Governorship over L!aguara, a portion of that province, has been repulsed with heavy loBSes, the Fitourari f Gomnander of Advance Guard/ being killed. The Ledjaz Katarra , rin- ister of the Interior, who was recently sent to Kullo^also in Kaffa, has likewise met with heavy losses in several en- gagements with the Kegro tribes on the Omo River, and has been seriously wounded. Similar opposition has been encountered by Dedjaz Burrou at Bfdcu, another part of Taffa, and he haa sent to the capital requestinp reinforc- ements to enable him to enter his district. I beg to state that the revolts of the Shangallas or egro tribes in this section have/been occasioned by the co lection of the annual tribute demanded by the government, which they claimi to be excessive. Lemons t rat ions of dissatisfaction having been customHry when taxes were collected but never sufficiently formidable to be consid- ered serious by the government until the present tine, as the CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHUKITX USlTfitl OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP»T ■miViPi w*mngt9im^m»ar-^ -.^-r the tribes hare in some way secured quantities of arniB and amirjunition. ■■A I beg: to stete however that the disturbances in Kaffa are not considered by the Abyssinian authorities to be of as g:reat moment as those in the north, where there is constant danger of the entire jproTinoe of Ti^e' JoiniBf forces with Ras Walli apainst the Shoan porernment. I have the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient serrant , Vice Consul General. ^ W'^ttm.' ^^ f ^1 (J-^- CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T r A . L^\>^K.X t c' r^ 3 ^ n 1 1\,^ 11 > OF • /! Ho.38-Con8ular. - . \ AU.RICAN GO::SlILnTK GENKRAL. •^ ABIS ABABA, ABYSSINIA, OCTOBKn 8.1910, SUBJECT: Current Affairs at Adis Ababa* ABSTRACT: Overtures of peace made by the Government to the revolting Governor of Yejju _ Emperor kenelik's health, etc. ?-. TH^. HONORABLE THE SECRETARY 0? ST..TE, TASHITJGTCN. Sir: I have the honor to report that affairs at Adis Ababa - remain very niiich the same as last reported. !7hile it has been generally supposed that the armies of the Govern- £ ment under Legaba Wolde Gabriel, Ledjaz Lulsigadl and Ras lioael and the opposing forces of Ras Talli were awaiting the end of the rainy season before resuming further hostil- ities it is recently reported that fightinp- has been going on frequently on the eastern border of the province of YeJJu, in moat of which engagements it is conceeded here that the Government forces have been defeated. The ^aagchoum Geramani, a cousin of Empress Taitu, who was appointed Governor of Tigre\ by her, shortly befo- re her loss of power, and the Dedjaz Saoum,al8o a powerful Ohief of that province, have been working openly in favor of Raa Talli for some time past and a combined revort of the provinc^B of Tigre' and Yejju has been expected. This possibility has, however, been temporarily averted, as Ras Wolli has conoented to return to Adis Ababa for • 51 nftfociat ions WltSP^W^ I ijjif I «i. DIP CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORTTT LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP*T ^ \ -2- nepoclations of peace, th« novemment having promlBed him iminunity from arrest and imprisonment, his son being left in Ycjju in charge of that province during the Governor's absence to Vvhich he is to return In the same capacity. It is generally understood here that the overtures rriade by the Government at Ad is Ababa, to Ras Walli.for peace, agreeing not to irrprison him upon his return to the capital, was done with the hope of quieting the country until after the coronation of LiJ Yaasu.as King of Ghoa, which is expected to take place this fall. 'his event, however, is still strongly opposed by many of the outlying tribes. I beg to state that Emperor Iv'.enelik's health is reported to be failing more raj^idly during the past few weeks than at any previous time and that the native offic- ials, who have always expressed hope of his recovery, now say^^is Majesty has not long to survive. Reliable information is very difficult to obtain as no physicians have been in attendance at the palace for some time and no one is al]owed access to the King's apartments except two or three attendants. A heavy guard of armed soldiers is still maintained throughout the town and market place and is increased upon the slightest change in the Emperor's health, although no disturbances have been reported and no cause for this pre- caution seems to be apparent, there is still a belief that such may arise in the event of His ! ajesty'e death. I have the honor to be. Sir, Your obedient servant, /^y / ru^ Vice Consul General. LAS8IFICATION CANCELED AUTHURITX U )F 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE 1 __B Y/^^.M....y.^ry.ijP DATE^ ^^;^,^, /j; /^. M' Ko.39 Con^uli^r, /I/ ' "^"'^^ J;/ ,^^ -. Afct\5 ABAPA , ABYS 3 TT: I A , NO VKI/.B^IR 1 1 , 1 9 IC . ' \ ' ♦ ' . >\ \v Current Affairs at Ad is Ababa. X^/fc 2Z /a •\ r ABSTRACT; Revolting- Governor of Yejju and Laeta "by the Abyssinian Courts. Disturbances British frontier of Borano , etc. received on the TH'-: HONORAT^JiK THE 3T^CR]5:'T'ARY OF ST'ATF,, 'VASHIIIGTO:?. Sir; •4 i '.:l ; O CO .» • Referring to ry desiatch TTo.30, of October 8,1S1C, relative to the recent disturbances in Yei^u province. I have the honor to report that 'las ^alli arrive- at Adis - Ababa Sunday rorninf^, rToveniber 6^ after several weeks Jour- ney, ?here preat ] rr'pHrjitionwS had been made for his recept- ion. The T;aB started to the capital v/ith a force estin]ated at about 25^0 fen, but after some ten days Journey from Lasta through YeJJu and into "Tallo jrovince where he was m.et be the fJovernrrent forces under com:'and of 'Der^jai: Lulsipadi and Legaba Tolde Gabriel he rns persu^ided by ther to send all but e Hundred or so men back to their homes and proceed to Adis Ababa In company ^. 1th emperor Tenelik's ariry nunbering- son.e 40C00 ren who were sent a{;ainst hir several months af:o . Upon returning to their country/ the soldiers of YeJIu were piven an order by Ledjaz Lulsi£^adi iermittin£^ tliem to pass over the Tallo frontier, but when the first division prese- nted the Government j a.^G it v.as not honored by the soldiers of CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORTTY LETTIR OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T ^ X/jj^JIL^./o^^n.zJ^ DAT E^,^,, /^ /f6^ \^ -_ / of ?.a3 Iv'ic8el ,w>iO recop-nlze no authority other 1 han their own novernor, a akimlsh ensued in vhich ahoat .?C:C of the latters men v/ere killed^ '^l^Qn the arrival of the second division a fev; days ]ater Ivas ^icael had strong-then- ed the position nnd lost but a fev iren vTiile it is estiirat- ed that 1100 of I-as ^alli's men vere killed. The ^eud has been a iersonal one for rrany years bet- ween the two neighboring chiefs and it is exieoted that the insubordination on the j[>8rt of P.as Micael ^md v.is officers, in d isrep-ard inr the Government's orders by hinderin/^ the passaf^t of Aas 'Valli's soldiers, will freatl; increase tiie already strong; feeling-, in the ^rovinc^.e of 3hoa , against liiiD and his son the Orov.n Trince. T bep- to state that the disturbances In V\\c .zoatliern . i^rcvinces, reporte" by xwe. sorje tire aro , have a^ain assuired a rr.ore serious charbcter. Ledjctz Barrou.rho was sent froc^ Ad is /ibaha as ri)verr,or of ^aku. to the east of the Omo ?.iver. has recently p-ur^hej his rnids s^n.e fourteen days jou- rney into ^orano, vhich has for sori.e years been attached to ^ritish territory, and caitured r«ny slaves, sacked villages and ariropribted tlicir herds, etc., All comrrunicat ion 7 ith that i.art of Abyssinia is cut off, no caravans bftinp allowed to pass. '^he border line between ^orano / J ftnd Abyssinia has lon^^ b^en disputed b; this r.overnn ent . I bep to statr^ thf.t for some tir-e past there seers to be a prov inp fef 1 inp ,^'^ onp M.e ;^bysp. ini^ns , a-air-st all foreipners, ospecially their holdinr of land and j roperty, y'The natler has been the subject of much discussion at rece- nt "".abinet ree^lnps, many native landoy^ners hove refused to sell to 'Europeans and r jch o^ trie land v)iich had bef n pranted or sold by t\o Covernrent in the p^st fev^ years, princii^blly to '^reek hi\^^ Armenian residents, hn s brrn re- boupht C LASSIFIC ATIQN CANCELED AUTHORITT LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T rrbou^-ht by thf^ ^^^ verni'^ent ^ Thi^^ Miction ir. believed 1o be the reault only of the continual suspicion in vhich all foi-ei^ners are held by the /ibysr. iniwny. I ?iHve the honor to be. Sir, Your obeo lent ^errant ^-^^.5^ Vice "^onsul "ener^i] . / LAS8IF1CATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LBTTl )F 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP* ^- vu.^L^./o.^n.zj^ DATE ^.A. n /% ;^ \r'\m im II' 1 "••- 3-1^ ■'^r. « % V Iio.45 ConauLnr. • ,"> \^vA^®lilCAN COnSlTLAT?: GENERAL. ^i^^^^^BARA, A^YSSINU, DECSIIB^R 27,191 SUBJKCT: I'ijj Ai. - Ui„^< i oC STA'EE ( Current Affairs at Ad is Abab^ FE" 7 \ \ KTAR t-A y S ' : or . ^ A- I- A'RS ABSTRACT: ' ^ ^^^ Hiunora gaining: credence among foreign officials at Adia Ababa that Emperor Menelik has been long dead— Abyssinian Authorities atill insist that Hie Majesty lires. THE HONORABLE THE 3ECRETART 0? STATE, mnpAJwaoWT of btat^ SEP 7 1911 DIVISION OF WASHirrOTOIf. a ir: I have the honor to report that although the Ethiop- ian Authorities still claim that Emperor Kenelik is liTing, the rumor is gaining credence among the foreign officials and residents here that His I^ajesty has been dead for some time I the fact being kept a secret as the present Govern- ment live in great fear of an uprising of the numerous tribes of Gallas in the south and south-east and the Shan- gallas, or negro tribes, in the south-west, who have long resented oppressive taxation by the Shoan Government^ It is also considered very probable that a fresh outbreak in the province of Tigre' would result, in the event of the Emperor's death being made known, also the pillage Of the market places and villages which is a usual occurranea on such occasions* Stories are frequently circulated that Emperor Uenelik has been seen, on the balcony of his apartments, by a few people, even last Saturday December 24, he was said to have been seen to walk to a tent erected for him in the palace / yard. / VPBI LASSmCATIQN CANCELED AUTHORTrT LETTER >F 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON. STATE DEP'T >Xi^ iatu. DATE i/.^. n< /f< •■•--*■"' K yard. -2- On these ocoaalona, however^ no one is permitt- ed in that part of the palace grounds close enough to di- stinguish the features of His Majesty from those of some other person dressed to represent him, to assure his sub- jects that the Emperor is not dead. I beg to state that while in conversation with the I^egadirai Yigazou, I^inister for Foreign Affairs, some three days ago. T inquired after the Rmperor's health and was assured that he was very bad, unable to apeak or walk s and not improving* As reported in Kr. Philip's despatch No. 57 Diplomatic, of October 31,1909, the Emperor had suffered a severe relap- se and for two days previous his life had been dispaired of, it is the present belief of some that the ?inperor died at that time as a closed carriage, with drawn curtains, was seen to leave Adis Ababa on the night of Ilovember 5,1909, between midnight and rooming, in the direction of Debra- Lebanoa, where a tomb had been prepaired for Ilia y.ajesty^ and that the road leading from the city was guarded by soldiers under the ITegadiras aaile Oeorgius. The story of the carriage departing from, the ^uebbi was supposed at the time to contain some other official ioumeying to Adis- Alam. I beg to state that there have been no physicians In attendance at the Quebbi for several months, the King's regular doctor having been dismissec at the time of the occurrence above m.entloned by the Queen who accused him of being possessed of evil spirits. The Empress Taitu still remains a prisoner at the palace, either awaiting the death of the Emperor, to be removed to some secluded ir.onastery, or to add strength to belief that the Emperor is not dead and that she will be allowed "*^*|*|»Prtf*%l||||i|Pii»^^ CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T allowed to remain there as lonp as he Uvea. baslB^ The Government la, at present, on a very unstable The Regent and the Fitourarl Abta Georgiue, L inister of "Var, have for a lonp time openly opposed each other. I.^uoh dlsBat Isfaction is now expressed with Has Tessamma and Llj Yassu, and it appears at times that a leader, only, is required to cause an open revolt by the opposinp faction. The Fitourarl Tayya, a cousin of Emperor Llenelik, who was Imprisoned on I»'arch 26,1910, aa reported in my de- spatch ITo.19 Consular, of that date, has recently been remo- ved to a prison at Ankober. In oonoluaion I bep to state that the impossibility of obtaining- any authentic information here regarding the rinperor's condition, all reports beings very vague and no direct statements being obtainable on any subject, combin- ed with the seemlnp" impossibility of any one, even of His Ivlajesty'e vigorous constitution, withstanding the ravages of disease for so many months without medical or other attention, paralyzed so as to be unable to stand or speak ( the muselea of the throat l^eing paralyzed) inclines me to the belief that His I'.a^esty Is not living. I have the honor to be. Sir, Your obedient servant. Vice Consul General. CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHOKITY JUsnisK OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T B^../X,.., 7^.vv..z. DATE .;^.^^, n /fj^^ oKPAiiTMKirr *r •tati. OIVISIOM or MCAR KASTI A c^A-^ ^NHi-.^n. ^>% JPL: 5^1. coijnuLA'"^ a/::;K:^L. 13 ABARA, ABys:ni:TA, ??^hua:-:y ie.1911. ^cperor Menelik Counterf«lt«ci . \^ ^^^': 29 -c ^1 l"V'^aj,c or 7^ n^ tffioulties arlBlnp- fror the use S seftl_ Political situation^ ^ ?]iiiperor Menelik, eto. ^^ A/ a:^y of •j'^A'i^y.. washi:t.to^\ Sir: I have the honor to report that .ibysBiriian officials 5 hhve discovered durlnp the last v.eek that 8 seal purijorted ^ J^ to have been that of P>:peror ilenelik has been counterfeited — by Hadji Abdul 1 r^adak, in 19C13 vhen in T'lurope on a special mission fror Abyssinia to the late Sultan Abdul ^larid of ur/cey After concluding his uission to Constantin- ople, the envoy of 7.ir.peror V.enelik is said to liave visited the capitals of T/urope and vhile in Paris ordered, supposed- ly for the PjLperor, & seal in exact reproduction of th^it us- ed by hir . Tn cou.pany 7;ith ''adji Abdul 1 oadak at the tine vas "^arkis '^erzian, an Anrenian resident of Abyss- inia, who upon paying' for the yeal retained the receipt \ for the Bir.oujit paid, vhich he still holds. I ar:. inforrT:ed that ''adji Abdul 1 oadak desired to buy, for this "^overnir.ent , certain r.achinery in Ar.-erica and, there- fore carried letters frori Px.percr '.ianelik to "Consul General P.obert P.Skinner, at .Varseilles, asking assistance and infor- rra tion to that end. hov^ever, as rr.3kinner vas absent from 1 i his i^osi , on leave, at that tirie, the letters v.ere not de- 1 ivered CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T «* r"^. .—s. -^1^. ^^ \^. "V OCrARTMKNT OF •TATI • A — • - r • I i. •■. -^ DIVISION or NiAH CArrflRN WAIR*. 27 '^- 'A v^', FS COUnUJ.A"'?. Q'-TJE.IAL. 13 ATURA, ABYSlJirTA, ?y^HUA.lY 16,1911. « nperor I.'.enelllc Counterftlted . 1%^ 1^'"'^ 29 DIVISION OF ffioultlea arielnp fror the use seftl_ Political situation.. ^ ?^p«ror Kenelik, etc. C o « 'AHY OF :i'"ATE, *'r ' o t T T f' o fn o V Sir: r hflve the honor to r«port that .ibyasir lar officials 3 hhve discovered durinp the xaal v.eek that a senl purported J m to have been that of r.rjperor Menel ik has been counterfeited - by Padji Abdul 1 Hadak, in 19Ci3 vhen in Europe on a special mission fror Abyssinie to the late Sultan Abdul 'lar id of Turkey After concludinr his nlssion to Constantin- ople, the envoy of .Mr.peror I-enelik is R^ld I0 >iwve visited thp oapit«l3 of T/arope and vhlle in rnris ordered, supposed- ly for the FjEperor, a seal in exact reproduot ion of th^it us- ed by hir . In conpany vrith ^'adji Abdul 1 Sadak at the tiire vaa TjarkiB Terzian, an Anrenlan resident of Abyss- inia, who upon paylnp for the yeal rr^tained the receipt \ for the arr.oujit i-aid, vhich he still holds. "^ T ar inforrr:ed that '^adji Abdul 1 oadak desired to buy, for this '''Overnir.ent ^ or^rtain r.achinery in Arerica and, triere- fore carried letters frorr: "^.rperor .Venelik to '^onsul Genersl P.obert ?. Skinner, at Marseilles, asking aBsistance and infor- rr.atlon to thnt end, however, as Iv'r. Dkinner vas absent fror hi8 post, on leave, at that tirie, the letters were not de- .'* ■■■s. ^ I .'* > 'M ¥*f. Mi 4- f\ ] ivered " M H *" ' , ^ '. » ' n.i ■ ■ ItW ' ^ ' jy^ yT""^ .^ CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T y^ DtPARTIilWT or STATE. MVISION OF WEAR CASTERW AFFAIRS. /3^^ >^-^ <» Ot^^^*^ r,-"* ■„),, , 1 0:T',/I 'J K ^jy^ C(}:ji;uj.a"'k g';ije?vAL. c. ^- * \^ ^ ir, ABABA, AEYS:ni:TA, FK^-'HKA.'-^V It, 1911. peror I.lenelik Counterf^lteri . J I Q^ ^:A?J 29 :c t }i^^ -t lA^< "^ (^ ^v* • ».< A, < >A.n ^^ vf ^ ffioulties sriBlnp fror the uae seal_ Political situation^ ^ ?^pf^ror l!enelik, etc. (^ *^i.^.a/. ^'^•*'^'f'i ^^^in. < ^ ^ A-^ ^ '-^'7 • ^^^ i^^ ^ ARY 0?^ :3'"A'":^ 7/A"^Hi::nTCN. Sir: »iT ?i Vif r hftve the honor to report that .vbyssirian officials hhve discovered durlnp the laBl v,eek that a se^l purported "^urkey. After conoludinp' his nis.sion to ConBtantin- ^ m to have been that of r>:peror Menelik haa been counterfeited — by Hadji Abdul 1 Dadak. in li-^l vhen in Europe on a special Eission fror .vbysnlnla to the late Sultan Abdul ^lar id of ople , the envoy of Zir.peror L.enelik is a^in 1o linve visited the capitals of I/uroi^e and vhile in Pai^is ordered, supposed- ly for the FjEperor, a seal in exact reproduction of th^it us- ^ ■i \ •■■'■*«* f ed by hir . Tn conpany 7. ith ^^adji Abdul 1 oadak bt the tiire v^^as .Barkis '^erzian, an /irrrenlan resident of i^byss- inia, who upon paying for the seal r^^tained the receipt \ for the auoujit i-aid, vhioh he still holds. I er. inforrr;ed that adji ^ibdul 1 Sadak desired to buy, for this ""'Overnir.ent , certain r.achinery in An erica and, there- fore carried letters fror. ^x.percr I.ienelik to Consul General Robert ?. Skinner, at Ii'arseilles , asking assistance and infor- mation to that end, hov^ever, hs Tr.^kinner 78S absent froir his post, on leave, at that tire, the letters ?;ere not de- 1 ivered i |1 i ■» . 1^ ,.. ■ »^^-l- CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T DATE ^.^^. /7. /9^^ B aiiz. se^w*:.*- ■ a?a«afflifc!aa»fe-**''-w.r , SS?-"* " -;f»'-«»^ "^ \ r^M^ J^, tVL - •-•■ C OIJ S in.A '"E GKIIERAL . SUBJECT: ADIS ABABA, ABYSS IWTA, FKBRUAHY 16.1911. DEPAKTMBNT OPStI^ Seal of rinpftror Ivlemtlilc Counterftlted 1^ ^^A.^ 29 'r;i L'IV(<;iO.M OF » __ ^^^^'^ FASTFRN AFFAII ABSTRACT: '^ ^ Itaporta diffioulties arielnp froD; the uae of a b6gii8 seal_ Political situatioiu. Health of Emperor luenelik, eto. THE HOIiORABLE THE 3-'XRETARY OF 3'"ATE, WASHIITOTO:^. Sir: •» * «. I have the honor to report that /^byBBinian officials 5 hnve discovered during the paat week that a seal purported ^^ to have b#aa that of Emperor Manalik has been counterfeited - by Hadji Abdul 1 3adak, in 19C5 rhen in Europa on a special mission fror Abysainia to the late Sultan Abdul Harid of Turkey. After concludiap: his mission to Constantin- m^ ople , the envoy of Ainperor Lienelik is said to have visited the capitals of Europe and while in Paris ordered, supposed- N » ly for the Emperor, a seal in exact reproduction of that us- ed by hirr;. In company with I^adji Abdul 1 Sadak at the time was 3arkis "^erzian, an Arrr.enian resident of Abyss- inia, who upon paying for the seal retained the receipt ^ • r^ .r'- *• for the amoujit paid, vhich he still holds. I am informed that 'ladji Abdul 1 Sadak desired to "buy, for this (^ovenurent , certain machinery in America and, there- fore carried letters from Emperor I'anelik to Consul Geaeral Robert ?, Skinner, at llarseillee, asking assistance and infor- \ mation to that end, however, as I.'r. Skinner ras absent froir \ his post, on leave , at that time, the letters were not de- 1 ivered X CLASSIFICATIQH CANCELED AUTHORITT IfTTBR OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSCW, STATE DEP'T ^■^jiILulJI atti (A^M'^^i DATE 7 -8- delivered and 'Tadji Abdul 1 Sadak proceeded to Ai:.erioa, arr- Ivlnp; at !Taw York or, Deoamber 15,] 905, and was shortly there- after reoeived by President Roosevelt on presentation of a letter signed vith the bopus seal of F^mperor Kenelik, that he also presented to the Freeident two lion skins and sever- al tusks of ivory in the naine of the lijiperor, but which he is said to have purchased while en route fron; Ad is Ababa to the ooast* Some time ago, while in conversation with 'ladji Abdul 1 Sadak, he inforF.ed me that he had been receiver^ by Presi- dent Iwoosevelt when in /^.inerica and that the President had presented hin with a railway ])aas to the Pacific coast and return. Constantinople, This office was, however, inforcied by letter froc the L'inister for Foreif?7i Affairs that the seal of the T^peror had been counterfeited end in order to prevent any mistakes he enclosed therewith a photop;rap'hic aopy of the original seal* Both Hadii Abdul 1 Sadak and Sarkis Terzian were arr- ested early this week and are now in chains pending the res- ult of Inquiries made through the 7rench Legation here as to which of the above namicd parties had ordered the seal in aris. It appears that since that time many documents have been forged to the personal benefit of people other than the Smperor and m^ore serious developr.ents may result from, the expected inform.ation from Paris, at which tim.e the matter will be taken up by the high court of the Aufa Nagus. With reference to my despatch :io.45 of December 27, 1910. I I beg to sttjte that T have received no official conf- irmation of the above statement that the letter presented at Tashington was a forgery but from what inforFiation I have ' been able to obtain here, his only or^ficial m.iscion T.as to \ I > c ■fai-^jj. ^WpSW"- CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORTrT LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP»T ^^ ^/J4at^ \ ^^j.L^ DAT E^^.A . /^ / ^6 ^ V — --^' '»^ .:^ ^'3^-. t-- r 1910^ I bep to state that I'mperor I.enelik is now reported to be slig:htly irrjproved in health wnd that ha has, twice during the past week, been t^ken to the churoh in the palace proundB in his carriape. Ko Europe an 8 Vmve seen hiir and the aatives who were about were not allowoo to po close enough to ascertain if it were really the r'mperor or some person repreaenting him, and it is still a matter of much Speculation here, both amonp the native and F.uropean resid- ents, as to v.hethcr it is Emperor Lenelik or some one rese- mbling hin as different people have at times been shown up- on the balcony of I'is L'.ajesty^s apartments to assure the people when he, hirrself, was unable to appear. I was inferred by the Tlegadiras Yigazou, L;ini3ter for Foreign Affairs, on Tuesday afternoon of this week that all of the native Ministers vith tiie Abuna I'ateos, Aroh-T^ishop of Abyssinia , had seen !TiB I-.ttJeBty that morning and that while he was very weak 8nd unable to speak he had no1 fallen away much in weight and appeared to be quite strong. He said. however, that they did not expect :iim to ever be able 1o ag- ain t^ike charge of the affeirs of State. I beg to state that the opi^osltion to the succession to the throne by LiJ Yassu seems to be gaining slightly Ib strength and there has been an indefinite postponement of his coronation as King of 3hoa and Kaffa, which was to have taken place last fall. As previously reported, a period of revolution has be- en customary upon the event of the death of an Finperor. The country, however, has been comparatively quiet for some tine in S] ite of the fact that most of the out-lyinr tribes confidently beleive that the r.mperor has bee^n dead for many months T have the honor to be, Sir^ CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITT LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T ^- ViJyUn.^ Zg^y. ^ DAT Ej^,/ n /9(.:l -4- Slr, Your obedient servant, ' iMt. Vice Consul General* I 4 i <<<■" Bo. 50 CLASSIFICATION UAr IKLBC^I^AM RKCEIVKI). PLAIN,' B. I i •t t. cf^iwMeilco Glty^ MBqr 13^ 19U|, Bec^d K»50 cu nu yT MAY 13 ICll / ' — DiVjGiOivi or N^ A^ •-ASreRN AF PAIRS ^ state Departonant^ WfiUEhlngtoi, D. c Biiporad liare fias TeBaema^ Bogeot B^plre Akorwlite aBflftgqtnflted^ Pleafie wlro 9IB aiy* r8port«' »^« pause TerltLcation oS "^ «9 W. H, ILLIS. I t» I 1 i ^ ■^ a ^ n ~ \^ c? V^^ ( 1» i \ \ I Deciphered l)y I \%ie\ Rm. No. 51 i "^ ^ I 7,. H. Kills, Mexico City CM ASSIKICATION CANCFT.FD AUTHORITY LET OV 1-8- r)H FROM W H ANDKHSON, STATF I)F BY, , / _1 L ( *U' '-' - Telegram Sent. 3 f\ Sent hv of^rrator Q ^ ~ / v/.c^- AMKRICATI CONSULATE ORNERAL. ADI3 ABABA, ABY33I]?IA, APRIL 12.1911. SUBJECT: Death of Haa TaBBamma. (.1 .5 ABSTRACT: HaportB death of Hagent and guardian of Crown Prlnoe of AbysBlnla. Suooesaor not yet appointed, ete. \ ^: THE HONORABLE '"HE SECRETARY OF STATE. WASHISaTON. Sir: ■^^^**^\ Referring to my Ho. 50, of Maroh 20,1911, I beg to report that the Regent . Raa Teaaaoma suffered a second stroke of paralyaie early monday afternoon , April 10^ an Italian physio Ian was immediately sumnoned who was^ howerer^ denied admittance when he arrired shortly there- after. The Raa did not rally and died about ei^ht o^olock the sane erening. He wa3 said to be about 56 years old, but as no birth reports are kept in Abyssinia, no exact age can be piren. This office was notified at an early hour the follow- ing morning by a messenger from the ^-inister for Foreign Affairs, who arrived under the greatest secrecy as the news was not to be made public until today. He informed me that the was taken at once to Debra Leban- ' •.< oa for burial, the cortege learing Adis Ababa under esoort of several hundred soldiers, a little after midnight, only about four hours after his death. An official notif- / loation waa reoelTed at this office at a later hour in the aftaraoon SSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LET 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DE B Y^.v/X,.,,, A....,, DATE ^,A, n / f^. o -2- aftemoon from Dedjae Betueded Lulaegad, who has reoently been acting aa Itlnlater of the Palaoe. I beg to state that oontrary to the usual oustoma preyaillng upon aaoh oooaalons here, and the erpectatlons of many of the foreign population of the city, the utmost quiet preralls. A few native shops on the market plaoe were raided thia morning but order was quickly esta- blished, the town is, however, patroled by a larger number of soldiers than formerly and no serious trouble la antic- ipated « The Council of Ministers have as yet made no appoint- ment of Has Tessamma's sucoesaor as Reg:ent and pruardlan of the Grown Prlnoe^ LIJ Yassu, this will probably be delay- ed for some weeks. There Is a possibility of a Council belnfr appointed, oonsistlnp of Ras Wolde Georplus fa oousin of '^.mperor ISenelik), Fltourarl Abta Oeorplus fMlnlster of War). Has KloaelfFather of LIJ Yaaau). Dedjaz Lulse •nt Ras Abata. ^lle any of the abore offic- ers may be choaen singly as the Hegents auoceai^or. Ras Wolde ^^aorplua Is at present in Tl^e' and has refused for some time to come to the capital unless assured by the Government here and by the Abuna Kateoa, Archbishop of Abyssinia that he will be made Repent. He also asks that an official notification be made to the foreign Legations here before he comes, apparently fearing that he. like many other members of the Royal family, will be imprisoned on arrival. It is now thought, however. that he will come to the capital Immediately upon learning of the Regents death. It has been rumored here reoently that the Queen's party was desirous of havinp- the Walzarouf Prinoesa ) Zoudita, a daughter of Rmperor Hanelik, who is married to Has Qugsa, a nephew of Empress Taitu, proclaimed Queen, Thl8, howerar, will m i ^m [ CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T ^^IlAL DATE Ju/jy / 'f / U ^ ■■■'• V-.-'-V^ .<. , ,,.,^.^ ... will hardly be carried through ae the Queen has been under a heavier guard for several weeks than formerly and her party haa ai^parently lost strenpth for Bome time. t' r I have the honor to be. Sir, Your obedient servant, yl^ Vloe Consul General. CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T -nfTT r * I. 1 1 ^*^ "v. ' f •%: > No . ^^ liay le. 1911. J/ Otiy :!^. LoTe, Kannlre, Ainerloftn Vloo Con»ul- General, Ad is Al>aba. Abyoelnla. S Ir : The Department has reeelyed and read with Inter •> eet yonr aespatoh Ho. 55 (CowBular), of April 12th, KFhereln yon report tho death of Itoe Olefsarsaa, Re^en of Abyeslnla an<^ guardian of the Crown Prlnoe. Your rem»rlc8 regarding pronlnent persona In AT}jBOlnla and yottr oonssente on the polltloal el tun- l,r . >• '» » t I' tlon hare been noted. I an, sir. Your obedient servant, For Mr. Knosc: <^/C^!^t^.^ 9- ^^-t^ 884.00/60 z p/piir. iHi^ 'nal. ^ truo r» -V>y of *-'"<^ or/^T. ,f •■ e^iif- B 'asu. ELED AUTHORITY LETTER ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T DATE ^.A. /7. //(^^ y- 3 iV •i^ CABL.E ADDRESS ELIStO CITY OF M EXICO M EXIC O A PA R TA DO HI 6 NEW YORKC ITY H^\N YOR K U 8 A. 29 WALL STREET. I>lClAlvi'i>' BANKER & BROKER Hot«l OlllMi, city of ll«xteo. Ii4£rd5 »7 isth» i^i:. ^ St«t« tepftFtavnt for Mr. Bablon Wilson Washin^tcn, C, C. E.H.A. OMir Sir I b#g to ooaflm • t«l«gr«B Ui«t 1 ••nt yoa ••v«i«l days ago •nd also aAnowiad^a jryxt lalsgraB r«eetr«d this ■omlBg, rsadlng es follofirs: J > _^ rrashlncton, D.C, Itej 13» 1911 ~ ~ SMaoo :r '^^ terloai lllnsss of Bsfant r«pori«4 ty tli« Ltg»ti«ii - Ad is Ateta mrsh twelfth. Vethin^ hvthsr i«Mtv«d. (SignM) HabtiiiteB WiUen" MRny thsnks to jou for tPias. X wish 7011 woiild pi fi^rs any In- fomatlon you havs ragarclli^ lbs s^eknass or dae th of elthar His Kajaety taparor T'analik or lbs Ragant, Rla Hi^hnass Isa Taa ; and if It ie net aaklng too miioh, X vlah yov woald pi pot an liKittlry to tha Consul Oaneral at Adis Abets at my axpansa, and obll^ Slncaraly yoursy '^ .- * ■■-* / CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LEI OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DF ♦ t- Hay £3. 1911. City of Hexloo, Uezioo. sir: !?ho DdpertuKint has reo«lTo4 your lottor of the 15^h laiotant, eo^owled^ing ite tel«gran of May 15th H^cpont of AVyeslnla. Yon r^oueet thot yo-a "bo ro- W gar ding tha alo'maer or death of either the King or the Begest of Abyss in la. In ret)iy, I enolose herewith for your oonflden- tlal infomatlon a cory of a dc«i>atoh recently ro- oeived froB the AmerloAn VI oe Consul- General at Adls Ahaba« ennoTmoing the death of Has l^easeae on April 10th, and reporting oertain faote regarding tho x>olit- ioal oltnation. The Departiaent CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LEI OF 1-8-58 FROM W. U. ANDERSON, STATE DI BY^y/^:... <^',r..,( DATE ^,/,, /^ / / (,- ^/ V The D^partiBont hae not rooently reoolved any of- ficial Information oonoeraing the health of the aaparor of Ahyeelnla. I can. Sir, Yotir ob« f ^ ;:7 3 Broad Street, New York City- June 20th, 191(^v^ Stnte Department Washington, D. C. for t}ie Hon. Secretnry of State Philander L. Knox Dear Sir: / Yo LT much appreciated letter of May i35rd sent to my City f Mex ico address and reforwarded to me liere, received a few days ago, togeth er wi tli tliC confidential inclosure, Circular No. 53 from Adi s Ababa, Abyssinia, in reference to the death of His Highness Ras Tessama. Allow me, Mr. Secretary, to thank you for your kindness in giving rae tVii s information, as I am greatly interested in Abyssinia or Ethiopia, and expect some time during this year to pay a visit to that part of the world. I an def^jrous of seeing you and Viaving a talk with you in referpnce to sane some time during the summer months, if you ar^ not too preoccupied. Kindly let me know when su di interview would be poBsible and convenient to you. With sincerest regards and my higliest appreci "^ion, I beg to renal n \\ Your obedie nt servant. «%»▼•*••• ■.^'. / A C U.SS.FIC ATION CANCEl^D AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. II ANDERSON, STATE DEI 1 Urlfu j-i. .^ DATE 5_yV /^ //^^ .jiL / X JtalW S6« X^l. Mr. vr. H. BXli«, 3 Bttm^ str»^. / 54Wr Yqj* City. sir: In r*ply to y^ propria*. oWlolaO* of th. I»pert.«t ,rtU >. «li* to a^««•^^0■ these nfttt«r0 with 7r" Vioe Consul General. r-^'*. A. / * c i I m CLASSIFICATION CANCELBD AUTHORITT LETTBR OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T BXi^ a±3kL DATE 'J^fij /? /f^^ |H'''*'.'Klp)»HirM-« .■• A^ ^ ^ /f// 3 • ,/ /'^ No. 59. 6/^/ pHPABnoorr ojr sta.^ 9^UG 23 1911 NEAR -eXSTERN AFFAII ONSULATE-GENERAL, A, ABYSSIHIA. JULY 19,1911 Subject Current Affairs at Adla Ababa. ABSTRACT : Reports illness of Crown Prinoe.. Inprlaonment of Minister for Foreign Affairs and minister of Post and Telegraplu- Situation in provlnoes of Tejju and Lasts, etc. The Honorable The Secretary of State. Washington Sir I have the honor to report that great excitement has preyailed at Adls Ababa during the past few days, owing to the Sodden illness of the Crown Prince, and the trial of four irembers of the Abyssinian Kiniatry for conspiracy against the Government. The Prince was taken ill on the 14th instant ^and it was said that he was suffering from the effects of poison, the source of which was not exactly known but was supposed to be in some way connected with the Queen and her followers^ carried out through slaves in the personal household of the Prince, many of whom were Im- mediately punished and imprisoned. On the same day Li J Byana, Minister of Post and Telegraph, was imprisoned on charges of not having car- ried lAM ;i— —— »• ■j^ . • > ^ '^^ ±u_ ^ ELED AUTHORITY ANDERSON, STATl iLLU DATE •/4-^ / r>«, c -2- carried oat Inatructiona of the council and otherwiae havlnp' taken advantepe of his office* Instruct ions relatire to the recent disturbances here, as reported in my So. 57 of June 1, were to have been teleg^raphed to TDeclJaz Xasa, the special ?-nvoy to the coron^ition of King George V, of England, in order that he mirht pre- vent a misunderstanding of local conditions here during his visits to European Capitals. These instruct- ions were not carried out, nor were others relative to the removal of political prisoners from Ankober to I'ag- dela, and others not made public. The Negadiras Ylgazou, I/.inister for ?"oreign Affairs, was also irr.prisoned on the same charges. The homes of both Llinistera were plundered by order of the "^govern- ment and their property, including land, slaves, etc., v/as confiscated, and they are at present in chains in the prison at the palace. The iY^inister for For- eign Affairs had appealer! to the Italian I.egation here to be allowed to establish his camp within the liegation grounds In order to escape arrest^ the request was ref- used by the Italian Ii'inister hn(\ was soon known to the authorities, which hastened hie detention. deferring to my despatch :;o. 84 [ Diplomat ic series) of May 23, relative to the appointment of I^eg^diras Yigazou as Llnister of Finance, I beg to state that the same was not confirmed by the council of Ministers until a few (iays previous to his arrest and detention on the above charges. Tith his imprisonment the country is at present without anyone acting as Minister for For- eign Affairs or Finance and while several names ^re men- tioned for the former off ice, it will probably be given ^ either CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LET OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DE 4 a^ .-*••«••■*' 1' c either to Dedjaz f^abra SellaBse or Ke^^adlraa Ilaile CeorgiuB who was the first Minister for I^orei^ Affairs, appointed by Kinperor L.enelik In 1907. He has recently acted as adviRor to the Crown Prince^ and dur- ing the past few days has increaaer^ his personal body- gruard to about 500 men and has installed a number of machine pans in his houne here. The trial of Has Abata, for holdinj?^ the palace apainst the Crown Prince, as reported in my So. 57, did not take place as the two were said to be reconciled and the former was ordered to his province in the south. He has, however, been ordered to return to the capital and if he should come will probably be imprisoned upon arrival here. I beg' to state that the Bejerond Mulu Treta and AzadJ ilatafaria, I/inister of Public Works, were both arrested on the 15th instant, in connection with the alleped poisoning of Lij Yassu. he proceedings of the trial were kept secret, both, however, were dis- missed later in the day fand the Bejerond N'.ulu Geta, former Minister of Finance, has been requested to again assume that office, but h8s declined to do so and will probably leave Ad is Ababa in a few days, for his own province . rJunerous other officals of minor importance, some twenty in all, have been imprisoned during the last three days* All telegraph and telephone lines have been closed since Sunday evening and no communication has been 1 lowed for any except Tyovemment purposes The council cf X:ini3ters has been in alrrost constant session, night and day, since Sunday, the 15th instant. I I beg ,.. ^A-*^ ' . «• liM^ --^ _ S-^. SSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STAT Iji ^// % * iV -4. T beg to report that the recent imprl sonnent of as Wolli, Governor of Lasta and Ye^Ju, reported in my TTo.57, has caused several small attacks on the troops of Has i'lcael on the east, telepr^'ph and telephone lines leading- through those j rovlnces heve been cut, rendering communication difficult at this season. A large force has been sent from Ad is Ababa to suppress further disturbances, considerable uneasiness, however, la felt here as to the outcome as Dedjaz Amedt, son of Tvas T^olli, has collected some twenty thousand men and his army is constantly being enhanced by deserters from the noverniaent troops under Ras Ti^olde Georgius in the north- I west • In conclusion I beg to state that the 3rown Prince is said to be improving slowly. T have the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, Vice Consul General. U ;:»-» -^ — ■ CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETT OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP BY/ / // ' >r ' c DATE A. A. /Y. / '/C X ^ "». tt SEP t: O ^ \ / /.or ^/ aicu AMERI ENT COnPANY UARE September 1, 1911 State Department, Washington, D. C, Gentlemen: Will you kindly advise us whether, aooordlng to the latest In- formation In your possession, the King of Abyssinia is still Menelik II? Thanking you In advance for the information, we remain. Yours very truly. AMERICAIL'BOOK COMPA^'Y rj y -V" iO NOlSlAiG I I 61 9 d3S I •It •i Z^^'^s jTo a.^T'^3lrlaT4Ha ■^-TPiLBTOtRN'r OK' STATK SFP : y n L 'V'JICN O^ f .^^ Alf'C ^r---H^ (2Cir./2^^f^^ CO t!^ <^ ^ I 60 ni •■ I f i / / CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LEI OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DE /' / Septenber 12, 1911. Amerlccm Book CowT^emy, Washington Square, New Yorlc. Oentlemen In repjv to thr Inquiry'- contained In your letter of Septenber let. the Department has to Infonn you thnt it has received no official advioee to the effect that I-'enelTic II iB not still King of Abyeslnla. I am, Gentlorncn, Your obedient servant, Acting Secretary of :^tate V A 884.00/65 'A i? * i r rr^ ^ii.iJH,,l«l|pW!liii|.W|".'f "^" ' ' ^1* CLASSmCATIOir CAMCBLID AUTHORITT LBTTm OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T —^- 1 ■•■ •■••ii «i I — I liiHt MriW»iimw.i «>*i«*i*i^M assai lOgiaMTi '•* ■'"-,- DJEJPAJLITMJLNT O^ T^; \ No. 60. ^ip*t* »- * I c -3- after several night attacks "by armed robbers, requested soldiers from the Governinent and were at onoe supplied with some fifty men, the same being offered to the other Legations but was not considered necessary at this time and not accepted. Many of the deserters were caught and nine of them were sentenced to death, three being hangefl on the market place and the remainder shot in different parts of the town as a warning. I beg to state that while great excitement is man- ifested in native circles owing to the absence of a stable Government, that the business section of the town is under adequate police protection and no serious diat- urbanoes are likely to occur in this province at this time. In conclusion I beg to report that the usual rec- eption was held at the Guebbi on Friday the 18th instant in honor of Kmperor Menelik's birth-day, the foreign officials being received by the Cro?m Prince. I have the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient servant. Vice Consul General. f. -^i..- CLASSiriC AXIOM CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 rROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T ttMmmntm-mt^-^'^ gssm No. 64. s^ 7^ r "^ OlVtSir^vj cy AMERICAN CONSULATE-GENERAL, ADI3 ABABA. ABYSSIIHA, DECEkBPIil Subject Current Affairs at Adia Ababa. ABSTRACT : Reports arrival of important chief3_ Poaition of Crown Prince strengthened^ Release of political prisoners-. Dist- ur"bance9 in 7allanic_ Health of ?!inperor !i-'cnelilc__ Depleted condition of Oovern- r:ent treasury,. Legal Adviser disnissed, etc. The Honorable JAM V <^= ' The Secretary of State, c .%kW' ^7Z ^O N3 Washington SiR: I have tiie honor to rex^ojrt that there has been f irrii^ortance xvi the political situation little ohang^e o of Abyssin ia since last repor i^ort-ad^ with the e:xception that several of the irportant chiefs have ret^irned to \ Adis Abeba ar.cl the position of the Crown Prince, vhich has not* been a strong- one, has been greatly streng-then- ed . Hit3 father, TJas Llicael, has recently* returned to the capital after an absence of more than three years \ in Tallo, of which province he is GJovernor, he vras accom- panied by sorr.e seven thousand soldiers and it is under- stood that as many more vill follow in a few weeks, Ras Uicael has b^en instrumental^ since his arrival here, in securing tlie proi:.otion of Dedjaz Demesy, ""Tovernor of Talegra, to the title of Ras, on condition of his support. Has —j^ jt^ :i»i- ' '« '„, "T f -M r CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LET OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DE B V^J/Mri.., /aA^J..LQ DATE =>/4. /? /%^ — o« ;la3 Demesy v/ill i robiibl;; be sent to tlir northern X-rovincen as over-f^iOvernor therf^.to sacce^ed Tvaa Wolde nieorpiiis, of vhom little of ir^^orthnce )ui8 br-f»n heard since his dej^arture for tho northern states in I"by,1910, Dedjaz Balcha, ^lOvernor o.^ Sidaino, vas ordered to return to Ad is Ababa soLoe time a^^-o but ^jleaded difficult- ies on the Italian Homaliland border and has not yet arr- ived. The chiefs of the outlyinp- provinces seem rathe r rather to prefer to remain In their ov/n country than to take pert in the present unsettled affairs ii-t Adis Ababa, rias Abata, -overnor of Canibata, also shovvs little incli- nation of corrunf to the capital, as instructed, and it is nov; rejc^r'fed Yi^.re. that he lias recently led an expedition ap-ainst the '^overnr.ent troops iii tht3 province of Tallarno, in vliich a larp;^ nuir.ber of the latter y;ere killed. I beg to state that I am informed by Conte G.Colli di ?>lizzano, the Ttalisn '.'inister, etc., 7ho left Adis Ababa a fev; days apo on loj:ve of absence, that he ;vas per- mitted to call ^^r\ r.mperor L'enelik for tlie purpose of Shy- inr Hood bye. ^^e tells m.e that His I.lakesty iss liv- ing only in the fiesh >^lA is unable to talk and ,vhen spo- ken to, grins In a paralytic fashion as if none of his n:entf;il faculties vere CMpable of expression. ./nile it has been penernlly lyolieved for rany r onths by every- one h.t-^re that ".m.peror I.>nelik vms not living ^o^'^erf^ h.^vi- ing reiorted seeing at different times but not close en- ough to be certain tliat anot]:er person vas not being sub- stituted in his stead), T am. quite c^ertain no?, that His i^ajesty is sti^l living altliough he is unable to even re- nlize ;^hff t is "be inr don^ relative to the govftrni^oRt of his ■ » 1 - 1 H ^^ ^M ^^ ^^ M> W^^^ ^«^ V w • ^ ^ ELED AUTHORITY LET ANDERSON, STATE DE] DATE \ft3 in the fnll of 1909* Led j a 2. Abraha was recently brought froTi \\\c. prison in u cave at Colash an 3 released. Li J Bybna, fonner T'inister of Tost and '^elepra^.h, and T"efac1iras Yi^-^^iLoa, former T'iniister for Foreipn Affai- rs, v/iiO v,-ere ii/.^rison^cl in July ms reported in my despat- ch ITo*59 of July 19,1911, iiave also been released and their property re^^torei to them, doubtless after the e:x- pen.3iture of l^r^e ^. mounts of r.oney in presents, bribes. I 'J etc. '^he rTeg:adiras I/.ohtimed, v^'>io has for years been tlie only roGOfnized ruler of the P^anukil people, occipyinp the lowland and desert region between "^^hoa and the Soni- fy aliland districts, has recently been a]:pointed as Gov- ernor of that district^ thro'ip-h 7'hich ^11 caravans m.ust pass in coming to the capital from tlie coast. I bep- to state tl:r.t ?.as ?'icael has recently expre- ssed a desire tliat his son should not \je- ivu'jde TCing and that h^ v^ishes to take ): Im back to his ov, n pro^Mnce and peoj[:le. his, huWf^ver, v/hile ioahtless n.eetinp with t/ie wishes of the rihoan peoi-le, was refjsed on the groun- ds tliat the ?rince vas the chosen successor of emperor iacne J. 1 A • here is also somie talk in 3hoa of cre- at inf v'*. H ^^ ^^ ^~ ^^ ^^ J^ A V^^^ AV^ W V • '^ < E LED AUTHORITY ANDERSON, STAT DATE ZZ-/ y 1^ t -4- creating a rei)Ublic, vlth the TJas "/olde neorp-iaa as r> Preaident^ and orpanii^inp- a new iJirlir^ent fr on. all of the l.rovinces of the country. This, however, would seem an irfii^oBsibil ity at this tine owinp- to the lack of con- fidence among: those in x.ov.er. Owing to the depleted condition of the Abyasiaian treasury, Tr. B, Baldassar re , an Assyrian, who has been lep-al adviser to this uovernment for the ^ast six years, baa been disrr.issed and I-".Leon Chefneux, a French resident, vhile holding no api^ointn.ent except that of director of roarl construction, is in reality Counselor of State and lep-al adviser. I bep to state that there has been much dissension i:] the ^^rxLy here for sono time ov/ing to the lack of funds to pay tli^ soldiers, v;ho ordinarily receive five thai ere (f/'5*25 ^^.3.), B small ar.ount of provisions and sufficient cotton sheeting for tv.o suits o^ clothes, eii ch year. i But recently as the chiefs of the r.ore remote distrlcti have not returned the usual taxes to the ^overnmient trea- sury and the deirnnn for money has caused a heavy strain on the reserve which was retained for the buildinp- of the railway fron: the -Mwash Tiiver to Adis Ababa, little re- iLaina ejcept the ^.mperor's 77ar ^hest which contains an unknown amount of r.oney to be used only in defense of the country. I have the honor to be, 3ir, Your obedient servant. Vice Consul General • ^ •*-f^ I am ■- CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T ,.r .mmmmmtn 1% » *; / n a^ • No '-'A. \ AB^ICAN -^ /■ CONSULATE-GENERAL, '1 " n ^ ' n ^K.A.,,^^. •>\ Ar^ir: ABn^A, a^y.3.^.t"ia, /a::'v.?.y 27,1912 ,J*-' Subject DEPAUTMjiJN'J OB a'l'A;|'J!<, MAR 12 '•'.? DIVISIOir OF Currrn^ Af'fairs .^j t Ac^ is Ababa. A33T:iACT: ^ . r.ecent outbreaks in ^rovinve of Lasta_ "^e^arture of ?wa3 llicael for Tallo— Ir.i^risonine^nt o^ I^as Abata* a rn The Honorable The Secretary of State Washington Sir I have the honor to re^.^ort that recent outl)retix:H in the Provineo of Lasta have liast^nec' the return of Ras I.licael to ?.erSi5i, the CM^-i^^^l ^- Tallo, taki^^.r v ith hiiL sor.e E,?CC soldiers wA V:Vo\ ^^a/'t of hi3 £iriiy said to nar.her eqaall;- as many w^.Vi ;vho were v.ithin a few clays :.\arGh Q^l Acllb Ababa. he trihes in Losta have been in rc^'olt ninoe the dcv/nf.nll of ?.iLjj.re3s Taitu, a a the Province v.'a;^ then governed by Tvaa V/olli, her brother, who vas irr^. r iscnecl lie re some morth.s ago. That district is nr.v/ ruled by 70(1 Jaz Kasa, vho is a c/usin of ?!iT.i.eror I/.enelik and v/as Special ^.nvoy to the Coronat- ion of ^inp '^rcorre ^,of T^.nfland. 'kVl his depart are from A3 is Ababa, ^as I.licael took r.'ith hir , as a prisoner, has Abata v.ho had been put in cr.H ins .J c CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LET OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DE 't^'WH^''' l^ chains here ,v; itiioul trial, cher^orl wiDi raidinp or icr- iijittinr roicis by hl8 r.en in Tallaino. It is B^id that he vill oe^ ir^x^risoned in tiie ^ortresB et I^'bfdp.la. His ?rovinco, '^ar.ljbta, hM3 h^^rn riven to Fitour^ri Abta Georp;iu3, Minister o^ Tar, vho v.ill fovern it in connec- tion y/ith his former di'.^trict of Ourefpi, T hef- to w:t^te that it v;oal<^ SRern tlifit tlie arrcjt of r.as Abata vhs contern^lbted v/hen he 7^8 h sent to his district vith t 3tron^ force of Ghoan sol.jiers hu^ fart- iliery Tiftt^r he ?.ad '^.eld the Talace -iruinst the Trince, as rex^crted in ry T^o.^^7 of Tane 1,1911, at vhich tiii.e he 7>i s ,ap^.^ r^^ntly , soon rer^onci ] f^rl vith ^ he Grov^n Priiice. Hi. 3 Hrrny Vols .^av-^tl-' l^^orease'^ by rej; riven liim l:y this g'ovr rrw.ent vr^l he v.'iS 'iirt:cte;i ^o proceed to GaiLuata, 'f "o p i:.a' or ity of his r-.on be inf; Oovernr.( i:t soldiers ];e v'NS inahle ^o L-.ahe farther resistHnoe. e f to p^ M I ( -^ Vi ^ * ^Mi-* I ..I • ^ > therv.'ise the sitm^ion In Abyssir.i^ rrr^i ins mucr. ^\h risrj: as v'aeTi Inst reLorted. I h^ve thr- honor to he. 3ir '':'oar obedient serv^.n'f , ---^^w •*< No. 69. ^ DiL. --^x- K!r- 3 -t //.. * r . -^ / •h :rci%^ f^. JL • APR 27 1912 ^#M MARCH SUBJECT: . Current Affairs at Ad la Ababa. \\ ABSTRACt: RaportB abaenoe of Crown Prince froB tha Capital. r ' ' 2.'^ The Honorable The Secretary of State. Washington SiR: I baTt tha honor to raport that thara has baan but littla ohange in looal affaira at Adia Ababa ainoa laat raportad. The Crown Frlnoe left the capital recently ostensibly on a risit to his father and is now at Farra-Hailu, a few days trsTel froai Dasai the capital of his father's country. « It is generally belieyed here, however, that his absence ia due to recent trouble in the northern pror- inoes between Ras Mioael and Ras Wolde Oeotgius, rumors of which reach Adia Ababa occaaionally. I beg to atate that the Fitourari Abta Georgiua, Minister of War, is at the head of OcyemiBental affaira at the preaant tine and the utmost secrecy preraila among tha few officers remaining at Adia Ababa. Cab- Cabiaat »a MM! rtSi MM Si AUTHORITY ^8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STAT '•w»,.«,;-, .,-»-.^y, „, -2- Cabinet meetings being usually held at daj-break. former opposition, however, to the Crown Prinoe seems to have subsided, for the time at least. All I have the honor to he. Sir, Your ohedient servant, Vioe Consul General* v^^ •fa. ■ > loag — t . '^aMvMafln J CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T ^Vu^Mn... A iULu. DATE ABLE ADDRESS E CITY OF M E X ICO L MEXICO Afl^ R TA D O IMS I » S E O" AM ■ f' rj//f. NEW YORKC ITY NEW YOR K USA. 2» WALL STREET. '^i t\ ;"'t-ite ^••^'irt.n*nt fj BANKER & BROKER J i.>;.rv», ", vjji Jii - A{.,~ f » / I'Jio. n ^'n-.>ii 1 -ton, D.:.. division - jf- f' NFAR FASIFHN A'' rt4 • /Ui- ■Ja *• ' r ; > j r • T notic-.i jn tlj n r.oming'p p.p^re o <>r.nt.en^nt me -u,:l. thr. ..HQclaitcd pr^na i.te^ London, -/on^iny 5rd m-. ; u 1 1 ■ officff -u Lon.ion of ti.e :^- " eutn o f r J n, -tt the ?oreii,n fc I.:ene:iic of Aojosinia. of P".r:e ini jf no .^ PI ff'-ine q] go x< i n : -« , ^ •t. ;:i^ know V/;.o }.' ^ <", • ij ^^'^-.,r of tlie >p^rt:nent oont^ -'•^ i^-r.r. of Lir. i^ove 'in-i ao^g trie -np^'Ue .^.vin,, an vpoi nti.^nt to t^.t position tcfo^<» or Rft'^r t'le ^1 '\v 'iHr<^-«r.-, ^ ^- L-r ...e .i ^, idr.,. ni nt r-,t : on ,i, : WKeiurr th-it ^.oat ••vn] b- v-u.^d ic. Llinlnt^r annt^^d of Coneui . • hie ir/onvit.ion oonln.: fro^n you -it thi ^ P'l rt i cuJ -w t.i n]< i r.,* V -^rr.'i j n I CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER O^l B 58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON. STATE DEP'T DATE L./,. -; /JLy^ BY1^4^ iLL February 11, 1913. Mr. W. H. Ellis, 29 ^ •t. Hew York City Sir: In reply to jofxir Innalry tm^er d«te of the 4th Instant, I have to Inform yon that this Deinartment has reoelved no official a«1vloee of the icath of King Henellk II of Abyssinia. The -nroDerty of the Aroerloan Legation and Consulate- General at Adls Ababa was talren In charge by the British Minister "upon the fleath of Mr. Love. I regret that the Department Is not yet in a position to malce any state- ment with reference to the appointment of an American diplomatic or ooneular reT«repentative in Abyssinia. I am. Sir, Tonr obedient aeryant. .' ^ / 884.00/70 I J ^ / r %0 , ♦ >t \ . S > I CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T No K ^>^^ERICAN CONSULATE, '-D a J i Aden, Arabia, Kay 28, 1913. Subject The Honorable Ni -i' V The Secretary of State. Washington Sir: 9fZ y Forwarding three letters from H, R, H^ Vi. Johannes, Dire Dawa, Abysednia, I have the honor to forward herewith, in original, three letters from H, R, K^ M^ Johannes, Dire Dara, Atyssinia, for the deportment's consideration^ I hare the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient servant. American Vice k Deputy Consul. Bnc losures; etters^ in original. •^ ♦ / /^j. /^j^~ *m mw\~tmum CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T k ^1 t "^ • Jki^ t4 V / M^^^<^cf.: ^'-CL^-^) ^J^^ .^^^t>2-^ CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T ^7n-^^ /^i^ - > ^^cJ . y ^^C^^ £2^ /x^c^.j'O^z.eA'if /^^.±ji^, ^t^tr/^ ,^i;^;^^c^,^ ^i<.j^.W^^<^^.-fz^t^^^/^ ^^^>i^^ «^^/^L a6ff^^ ez^z^^ ^^^i:k^*««^'^^*^^*-^ ' a^^^<^ ^ [X^^i_<^, (/ , ^ " /^^/z^tJ^ f/<^~ -^t--^ ^2. ^'JL ::42.^r?^ A y CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T »<-•- ^ ^iZ-" d ^ ^-^^ fc^ \ -^^^^^&^ z<^ M ^i«^ /r-^ <^ <^^ a^ ^7 Pjil,^ -tT^Ci^ /^^' ^^^^-/^C />^f^^ /jcl^»z.^JL_ ^<^^ /$4?t^/2-^i- /^J^^^e^ i^^-C fz/f '^^^ '"^ CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T BY/ - // r-)- ' ( DATE y',. ./;, /'A / J C ^ ■I A a^^ru^ t^^::t//:Ui,j^.^^^i_^ >Li>Z4rt ^>^..^^- /^€^ 'Tz^H^.d^^C^ri :2>;^ ^^^/-.^^ .^' /2.v^ .^^;:^/^ ^^^^A^^^ ^S.// CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. M. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T BY ,■ (■ < '. u,:iii ■^■' dC(... ll DATE y...... r/, /9CX yC^}^ ^^C^lj^^ . -/S-cri^^' /.^ii^ '^'^ ' ujhyvj/^ y/^^^y y ^uA<:c/-'J^ (^^a^C^j-c^^^ ■ y^^if,, '/^ / -^^-o- a^^ £^ -^(^^tr^ 5^^^^ ■^ I ^^{^0 -^^ Mi^^ <7 -^-t- AAtjC. tn-^y^' -r -^ .^-t:^-rri:^ a^ /^^t^ .^/^^- (/fL^tz^ J~^^-- ^-/Z^zdd^if^f^ a -./<:^ iyf-ic^^n T^i^ ^y <^ ^- ^i<^^ CZ-t^^Z^ j^TltX-O- /^--a^A.^ Z^^^^Jl^ ^ iUjt. t^T ^ • /'^>^^ J>^ 2-t. ;^^ ^U^H^ i *• .X 4 CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T BY^ //' r:-.,,,, ., DATE ^^ V A/ / j L 'A. / ^ /^^^(^^^'l-t.Z.*:^ ^-^^ ^. v^^r>^-^ C ^^^A,^/^^^i:y-i*'^^(r-€>^^ ^ ^^ ^j^.^tJZ^'^'z^ z:«5t ci-^p^^ ^ u^^ ^/v^/^ 7^.^ ^^t^^ic^^ , .^.:^ i" ^^v, l^/L^^I /Z -<5t>/^ x^^^^^ J^^^i^&^ ^^^ ^i?:m^ ^^ ^ ^^Z?'*'' /^^ JitA^£i?<^'^ c2-7^l i4^ ';^'r/ -t-<. ::; ?^ ly^ >^>^^ /^ ^ ^i' .^ —^ ^ /^;^5L^ ^-p ^ Z 'X. ?: '"> ^^-it^ "yi'tri ^ ^ ■ CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T BY //' ''^ ■ . DATE -, /. . /7. /fC 'A ^ ^-^1 'P' c J •. » "» t i % -& \n m (a • : •n ^JS'T^'i^ /^c^ 0i^YihL4^^'i^^^^ry^ y^^x^ c^^irynA^, i:t-?^z^*,-^ci^^i^i<.^4itx 1^ -^. ^{syr*rf^^^CA^ , yc^ut^^^^^u^ ^^^^^^ ^^^yfr '^Ci^'JL^ Co-i^ y)^jLJ>->^ ^^^"-^-^ ^ ^^t^'CO \ CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-B-5B FROM W. H ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T BY 'II -^ ,r. '( DATE /, ,/ - . /'/ / JL X / / } ^-V^i^XZ/ i^ ^l^Vnl^ (J^^^^^T^ MlU^ ^P^Ji^i^ 2^i^^a^ .--^utt^^ C^^h^ ^^A-^Ui^ -^ S ^-^^a^' S^* i(:>0 o '^TiA^.-^Zot, Jhf ^^v^*'^^^ /^t«- ^ ^;i:i> ^i^ii^X^^ ^^Ar^JorT ^^^'i^tsr^ ^^^t-u (^^ajv &.^ ^^o*A*- ifi^T^i . % X CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF l-B-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T BY, AL :^\i^.- "^^"^^MiJ^- /^ ^ /^ ^ ■» » f C^'-yti. tl^ ^>^ / OO^^ 9 ^y^MJi^ ^-/ ^ i:^ yt'uAj^^ Mi^ dA^^ 1 ^ f- ,xCr DATE/,./. ' V. / H X. \ % f ThjL^^jt^ r ^^ ^^^ iil-Cr7ZZis:iy % ^rm^^ivCayir ^l^t-pC a,J ^J^ y^ W^^c^ c6iJs i^^-^^^-^i^ ^mflCju^^cA ^^j:^,^ a<^t^^A^ ' ^^^iJ^ i:^yT^ ^,^:^* /^i>n.^ Y' ^i^i^-^^CC ^ A t^ .^OUy^L^ y .^c^/jjt^ -^^21. Ovt-t^t^, .-/^ ' /le^W ^£ c-^uf-r^L^ J" C'^o-i.^^^^iXA^ ^ -i^ ^ CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF l-B-5« FROM W H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T BY '// -^ ;r '• DATE .,/./,- , /-/ / /,. X- + j2^fn^ ^>^iXA/LOc^ .' »• • '//A^r-f^^ '^^^ ' ^-fv^rr^ a^fvC^l^ » ^ ^•'"^" (UiA>rP'^ C/^ /i^^^^ <^{^ tr^/Am^ ^^^^w'^ ^J^^H^xAmj^ ^ { mS^^f^t^ lA» ^^^rrt .^-t\y(^: i.^/^jLr i ■ Ji^ir4«^>4^. o^^L^ V i^ Jl^ * > '^'/U^ /; ^fi^tv Ad4^ ^ a^^<('t^iM^ y;u^ 4 -y / /-^ r .«^ - » « » I . CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF l-B-58 FROM W H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T BY // /. )r. M DATE y^A - r/, /JL /i^ f.'T. >. • I •' - i » / . -^-^ <^S^*<- ( -c ^ ^i^^^^£^ cz^ ^ i4'r.4r -^^JZ^-A^ I ^rVTi-y^ r a^^^ -^^^ ' /^lU'iCf^^^^^i^i-.'i^^ yC^i^^yiyci ^ ,y^Ct^ p^ CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T BXx-,:ZLi^^.i£_i DATEjYr,- /% /r^y- •jv> > I Ol^i^i^V^ uZ,^^ C^ t^iAJ^ ^^df^^XX^ -^5^6^ ■.# ^i^^ftt^c^ /ti /&4^ ^^Ca>c^^ ^-^^o^ ^ /'* ^ />Cl O^y^xi^ yi^X^ ^ »» - -.T- ^.^ CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. !i. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T HY^'L^ DATE >■»■ \r- -*»^ t i \ CL-r^^ <2-«^ >^ ^t^ (HjL^^^k^^ t I A'^ J^^'E^^^^^^^^^t^^^ * ( y.ycf. J ^*L '^ A^*-^/ ^T^ «-^ ^X^c^MjL-^, i I >Ts -i--^ yfn^ 7} tn >r^^ * ' ^/^ ^pipr^-t^ >z^ /LlAmX^ C* ^-M^ ^ if**^ ^J^ ' < * , I ! i # jp^ «- fe/. .1- !■ NMMaiaK*a ■a^OBMHIWl'l''^'**'**""'**!** «». . *liBtT«S. '. " : ^. I V. 7 a^H^ .^ ^Z^^mfZ-^ y(/l,c^^^ ^.v / '^nyMl<^\ ^ /^-<^ ,^U^tOt/t/t fCt~>Hy^i^^ T^^^i^ V > ) « V i?*^ /t^i-f^^ ^^^^^ >«v -1^^ g^^^. -N I ii m» < • ■ ' 1» * *i>-*...'.w *M. . ■jr^^'{*1Kttf* CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T B YAy/C. f.^..ii DATE J,, ^^^ n /ic.;^ ■♦,"».-•'' \ • \ « * »••» t '( I •^ ^rt^ ^^»^ *, tAyfS^ '>:^ V-'f ^^.^, V ^ *'^^^<^S^ .^^^^fc^^-^^stix y ^^4f^,^ ^/ji^ '•OPO t0t i^o oa ^. T «>« I* t '• rv .ri^e./^^- ef^\./i^ /MU,.<5^. >-» /- ^ Z ^ • ^/7t? <5«i^ -ur^^^/^ ^/>>P>* ^^ f^ i'^^MpJt:^^ ^ ^'. OL Ji?S, y ^ r 4 V •' i ■K i^ *•» ' I ^ *--l - V r ^ > 1^ CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T DATE ^^;,,/, , n / n. X. ^Vl/ILj.., ^'di\. Z4 -t.^i*'*' M ,'i^.-i^i^TH. \7 ffv ■^^^^^^^^^^' •^^ yl>ify^ I .'i 4 V Me- ^:i-nv( > V 1 ♦ \ ^^i^:-^^£mh ^' ^ ^ 3t^ h^ ^ ""^^ Xitx^ /^>-^ ^ifi}^. ^ * ^ >/^ ;^£^ , >n V M m ^^^ ^ !^ ^^- rP^^ '^ 1 1 I i ti*- CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T ^^/uIL^ Y u ICu^lS. ^^^Jufjy / ? r/i/.. .^ n, ,/ ^ ^ 9tJ^4rjip^ '^ /o Y. i"- iA l*» Taw ^; »^^-T^ -^ ">• f ^la^^^t^ / ^ i^-H4!( > y/i^c^"^^^ o^ ^ dCouL $4oL4i^ ^"Sji^^ ^-'^/ry^ Y^^iT OJf STATE. ilii 2 r \ lit /American CONSULATE, x/ Acknowledged (by c-.rd; v j ^Hp ^^w .—tj&.2.i._ uLt; Aden, Arabia, January 14, 1914, SUBJECT: Reported Death of the Emperor Menellk ar^ Aby BBinla The Honorable The Secretary of State. Washington A 3 SiR: } I have the honor to report that the A. D, C. of the General In command of this military district informed me that a mamher of the British Legation at Adis Abeba on his way through Aden, confidentially, confirmed the rumor of the Emperor Menelik'B death. It appears from this gentle- man* e statement that Kenelik died on Deoember 12th, but the matter has been kept quiet and no steps will be taken in re- gard to the succePBion until after the forty days of mourn- ing have elapsed. This rumor is also confirmed in business cir des I have the honor to be, Si r , Your obedient servant. Amer 1 can Co nsu 1, ^ ao I W File No. 800.1. J N"-; CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T ^'^lulLujJL ^ di'.u. k( DATE //^/y / ? //^ /^ ^ .^ riB 25 ''.;4 ... .^^^iWUR F'-'^ FEB 28 1914 AMERICAN CONSULATEr A;.knov.- ' ^' ' I'— • ' Aderr, Aa^TOl a , Fe"bruary 2 4, 1914. Subject: Austria's influence in Abyeeinlan and I the Rod Sea Marketo, The Honorable The Secretary of State. Washington Sir: "T7 2ji J ^r^ r 7^'^ -^ — 32514 lany , I have the honor to report that Lidy Be Bon of the Regent of A'byeclnia left Aden thie day for Vienna, acconipanled ^ the Austrian Consul at Adie Ababa, for the purpoee of completing hie education in Auctria. The authorities here consider that Austria has thus gain- ed a (Jonstderable political and comnercial advantage. Since the Balkan wars Austria has taken up an aggressive commer- cial campaign in Abyssinia and the Red Sea market and is seriously threatening American supremacy in the cotton piece goods trade of this district. I I haiw the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient servarft, A-AA/^ American Consul^ li File No, 800 r , CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T IV >^-, (Tt «.'■ >.«■ 1 > -/V f ^ '.' ■>-•■>/■.' ♦s^-j. :.v 3 ^ / the export corporation. LI Rooms Ba Skaboakd Nationai. Bank, iN Iamk. iNkw' YoiK, It Y. . ,'J IjTCOKPOKATKD UHDta THS LAWI 09 TH« 0TAT« Or NtW YORK. liftjME Office, 29 Broadway, NeviljlORK. "^ Cabls Addb COLIMIT, NEW - • Cabl« Codes Uskd WESTERN UNION, A, B. C, 6th EDITION. UEBERS. RfPrgtgnimHve* mnd Connections in all Foreign Trade Centers - AT t GEORGK W. MAKKENS GEORGE HUGHBS A. H. SCHWARZ ^ANIEI# FILER V . • : ^. ^.^^ . ATTOBlfSTt ' - *^ ABBOTT k COYNE, K«w Yo«K, N. Y. ^'^ r •■' THE FIELD FOR AMERICAN MANUFACTURERS IS LIMITED ONLY BY THE EARTH'S CIRCUMFERENCE London, 18 Bayward St., Gt. Tower St. NEW YORK, Uay.S^ ....Ifl4 • K'- i^ . n A, Hon. !Tn. J, !3r:ran. Secretary of Sta-^e, !\'aphineton, Ti S . * ^il?. yoii kinc"!:^ ei"-f> na *-ho ^.-n^. of *:ho present rnler of Al-'sainiP., and croe + l^ o"blice 3 1 "HE RTPOPT CCT.TO?jr}On, gwk/aw jreB . [ / CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T ^^/.L^Jiuiii .'^ilCi. u DATE !*y 11, m4. V/z/V / ? //^^ Mr. Qeorge W. Iftt^rlctna, Freeldent, Th© Batport Corporetlon, Limited » Ho one 806-809. 89 Broedwfty, Hew YorT^ City. Sir; In r«ply to /• ur letter of Key End, Inqnirlxig ae to the naae of the present mler )f Abyaeinia, the De- partment beg:e to etate that the present ruler of Abya- eloia is Lij Eyftseu, whose offlolel title is Xing of Kings of Ethiopia. I ao. Sir. Your obedient serTant. For the Saoreterr of State: 09 \ s; ROHEif^ l'NS'N^ Counselor 884. 00/ ''4 3 T>/T)"1 i. I ;cl.l. cr^ ■ I ■ ■ .«b^-.-M^ CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTEF OF^rTsB FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T BY / /) 1.h 4^^i ^ ^ ^ DATE _^.:..^. /-/ /JL^ \ 5 I i EXPORT CORPORA I |Vl4 t Rooms 8oS-8o^ INCOBPORATtD UNDSt TBt LAWS Of THS Home Office, 29 Broadway ■Htannnr^fioMAi. bank, n«w yo»k, n. y. Cablk Address COLIMIT. NEW YORK Carls Cod&s UfVo WESTERN UNION. A. B. C. (th EDITION, LIEBERS. RepresenUiiv€s mnd Connections in aU Foroign Trmd§ Contort DlK«CTOBt GEORGS W. UARKBNS GEORGE HUGHES ' - ^ A. H. SCHWARZ) ^ 5 DANIlk pamtN(s. £ ^ 'A \ ■•• ATTOftlim ^ ABBOTT k COYNE, Nnr Yo«k, 1^. Y. X^ THE FIELD FOR AMERICAN MANUFACTURERS IS LIMITED ONLY BY THE EARTH'S CIRCUMFERENCE London, 18 Bayward St., Gt. Tower St. ^^' I -< 1 Chle:^, BuroGu of Appoln^nent n , Wp-nh^.n^-^on, T) S . ' On 'la^' ?.r\d ^o rftqnon*.e(» ;TTir c'erar*;nAnt to let ua he.^^f> ^he nane o^ ^ho rronon-*: rv.ler of Ab-nPlnie.. en,^ nc^ hr-Jnt hearC frcn "cu. v/erremmo -.hv.t 'i^rGon o " inrn. -'-... n"^ rnP?nopp hna c'«^«rroa -our reply. T^ no- -0'^ ni'Oh "^ronllo -'O "'o^ilc" f.pprecif* -on- h?.nc r.tten- t ion . r n **^»' -*- v*iO :^v TT "▼ Tn-M, g".i:/a"/ • • <.- il I , •'iL .•IS' / CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T CITY OF MEXICO MEXICO APARTADO MIS ABLE AD D R E S S C Ul S CO* /r^-m^ TELEPHONE CONNECTIQfNS OC ' \ NEW VOHKCITY NEW/ VO R K U S A 2 5 PINE STREET BANKER & B ROKER lle\\ York, May r!0 , 1914 • State I^epar t:nt^nt , J UN 3 ^t4 Gentlemen : I noticed in the Ilew York Hernld of l-iay 27th, an rirti-.?l« dated'^Aden l'6th" ih ':C: ic'\ it ^iveg an account of sorjie trouble occurring uet^A'e^n the Government of Italy and ! that .f Aby^°inia, Kinil^v l^t iie kno a if the State Deprirt- \ raont is in possession of any of the facte relating to same k . — - nvA li:-ab«, AbfsolnlA. I MS. Sir, To«r obodlont sorrmntt 7or tho 8oor«t«x7 of Statoi ■'■ r:jK J. ^'EtT 1 E Ltt^^O*4^.4i.p NNECTIONS ^ .'9J4 BANKER & BROKER 'i State Department, Pirector of Consul Service, Wew York, June 4, 1914. i Washington, D.C. Dear Sir: Yours of the 3rd inet. received* Many thanke to * -,. you for the information contained therein, in reference to Abyssinia. V/ould you be kind enough to send me the Consults report on Abyseinia and any information that you may have that would be of use to one who contemplates an early visit r to that country, and oblige Yours sincerely, # ll I I ■i^ f CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHOWPTY LBxrwk 7iri?R-Kft TOOM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T .PATE^;^,/y /? ^f No ..^.t^-irtM f \ 3 JL ^y^ I 'v. w r^ 1914 fWVt*«Vi^ \^ ICAN CONSULAtj liiui^ii l-^;^. kFr:'13i'. ▲dlB Ababa, ▲^y8BiMi»,Jiui« 1,1914. card) Wy a FIL Subject COR05ATI0]f CF HAS MIKHAIL A3 KIIG OF WOU-O AHD TIGRE. The Honorable The Secretary of State. Washington Sir I have the honor to notify the Department of the oeronatlon of Has Mikhail aa KIIIG OF WOLLO AITD TI6HE on the Slat ultlno. The Coasulate-Oaneral was notified first by a telegraa from His Majesty, received during the evening of the sane day, the translation of which reads as follows : "Salutation to you. To-day, I hava put on the crown of Wollo and Tigre.Therafore, I an very happy and I have the honor to Infom you of my Joy.KlHG VIKHAII." Later a oomrunloation was received froa the Abyssinian Minister of Foreign Affairs, reading as follows in the tran8lation:''To-dpy,May?l, 1914, King Mikhail of Wollo and Tigre has put on the or own ; the raf ore, we are very-, happy. I have been ordered respectfully to infora you that you, being inforaed of our joy, will cosimunioata the sane ^ ■y. -rt I aninr \ *1i» ■•^-•--^T i"-^ No. 13. o ELED AUTHORITY ANDERSON, STAT DATE \^A^ ^% ^ 9m- Adls Ababa. 6--1-14* I aanie to your GoverniLent V? King Kikhail Is the father of Prinoe Lid J Yassou, the unorowned ?^mperor of Abyssinia. He i8 a man of strong character and has been the strong force baclc of his son in his efforts to retain the position to which Rmperor ?Jenelik II nominated him. It is the common talk that Lidj Yassou feared to be crowned because he was not the son of a i^ing. For this reason the present political move was made^in the opinion of some of the older students of Abys- sinian politics. The event has more significance than a nupprficial observation rould convey. Shortly before my arrival here in L'arch^an order was sent by Prince LidJ Yassou to all the ChieTs to cclo to Adis Ibaba .evidently for the purpose of beinp present at his coronation. Several did not respond ,aF.ong them the powerful Has Woldo Georgius .relative of the late Er.4)erGr Venelik IT. He had been api oix.ted '^^ovnncr by Venel ik of a large tract of territory in the Northern and T^orthwestern ])art of the Empire, which included the province of Tigre. "^he province of Tigre covers a vast tract .^nd there were three important officials api^olnted to govern different sec- tions , viz. , Has Sabohat , Ded Ja(Mroatch ""^eycuirC prnndBDn of the late ^'x:peror John , ire:- ecessor of yer-ellk II) and Ted jazmatch Gabra Sellasi. The latter , educated by the Italians in Eri- trea, has been at war and has killed the first but later was defeated by Ded Ja r^rrtatch Seyoorn, He then retreated, it is claim- ed, into Italian territory. At any rate there has been a den- CerouB political situation between Italy end Abyssinia and had it rot been for the advice of the Itf.lian Minister beiiig fol- lowed by his Oovernnent and his strong influence with the Abyssinian ( i L ;^H Hi.«v .-- * = ^ « • "■' ' •— -*•• .^ o.»W¥Jb^., A^u^. DATE ,H'j '% ' i^9(ii»i»**»"?^>» • %w»— ' No. 13. - 3 - Adi3 Ababa, C-1-14. AbyssiDian officials .there 770uld have been 7.'ar;but I am in- formed that the present outlook :8 very favorable yet in this country one never is sure in forecasting political conditions . fO \^ \^ Kj At the coronution cerenoxiy it is state? that over ersoi.s rere ; recent and it is to be noted that the grandson of the late Emperor John was present in response to the invitation of King Mikhail, thus exclading hiiii as a possible future rival to the throne of Kthippia. U^p to the present tifiie Has Woldo Georgius has given no indication of what his future uovements will be, but it is confidently pre- dicted that he will follow into the new order of things, which means in the near future the coronation of Lidj Yassou* There is one danger point in the situation. King Mikhail was foriLerly a Mohaanedan ,was converted to Christian- ity and later r.arried to an illegitimate daughter of EMperor l^enelik II, who recognized here as his legal child. It is asserted that King Mikhail is especially friendly with the Mohammedan 3, that he in secret follows the ceremonial reg- ulations of the Moslem faith and that his son partakes of his inclinations. Once the fanaticism of the Christian pop- ulation is aroused then it would cnean a bloody civil war in which the King would lose his throne and his son Lidj Yassou would never be crowned Emperor , followed probably by the in- tervention of Kngland , Italy and France. ( r 800. I have the hobor to be, Sir, Tour obedient servant American Consul -General. * — ^ — II liil^ ^ •-^ ^-k ■^^%r&. y<-. I CLASSIFICATION CANCEIiD AUTHORITY LETTBB OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T B ^fu/L... fo.r,,,, DATE -^,A, n / fil^ 3 /n c No, 571 Rone/ O^to *-'-«t (A ts 7 /.., •ii.'i:;/ / (Confidential as to, s ource ) The Honorable, The Secretary of rotate, Washington. tf^. 4. » • A: ^ • ': I have tl^e honor to report on a matter which is not precisely within rxj jurisdiction; but which may prove of interest by reason of the source from which it comas, which seems to ne more or less direct. It deals with the present situation in Abyssinia and the information is the latest which has been received here by the English authorities as far as I know. They consider that all is going exceed- ingly well for them at this moment in Abyssinia. As my informant stated, the powerful chief Mlhael who, with his son the Itoperor-elect had renounced the Christian profession and embraced the Moslem faith, or rather had . A ^ iili MHlHHMlttlil ^■P"*^"* mmm CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORTTT LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T B Vyyy/A^ ,^^y..^ DAT E J, J,^, ^?_^.^^^ ■ii^' -O^ reverted thereto, has been defeated. Ras Mlkael is now f a prisoner and his country Is occupied. Had this Mussul- man rising, which they consider to have been inspired by the Germans and the Turks, succeeded^ it would have produced a grave situation for ^ireat Britain and her allies, as all the Mussalman peoplt^- SomaH^s ^t cetera,- would in such case, have been encouraged to rise. Mlkael was so power- ful that they expected a long civil war; but they think now that it looks as if it were over. or^ at le t ^nearly over. The above I believe to be the latest information which has come here from Abyssinia* I have the honor to be. Sir, Your obedient servant, \ / y ■•"wiMiMtk 3 \ (It r I ii«*i JltM iiiKI I II I I , .1. CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T m «M L i e a.. ■ ■ I" , 1 -»■- • ^Vl— »^ l^ .^ No. 3338. AMEBLCAN CONSULATE-GENEjEIAL, ^^ ^ i-Vy-; / ^P*« \ ^ LONDON: ENGLAND. i S^fB 6 1917 ^^/. OF Subject I ^ . J Decembefir v> ^ N» ^ . X-m. ^W . \ f\ - e.\ \ ( u t ^ 1^ fk Rg!VOLUTIOII IN ABYSSINIA > L^^'^^\ The Honorable The Secretary of State. Washington SiRi I have the honor to enclose, for the Information of the Department, a fairly coniplet report In regard to recent political events In Abyss- inia, which have culminated, as the Department may have heard, in the dethronement of the former young Emperor in favor of an Empress. While various articles have appeared in the Press in regard to this matter, I have not hitherto seen axiythlng like a complete statement on the subject. The reports which I am now submitting have been sent to me by Messrs • iiohamedally and Company of Harrar, a very reliable Indian firm, with whose members I have been acquainted since 1903. According to the account which tr.ese gentlemen sent to me the former Emperor, who was born a Christian, was alleged to have been brought into a plot to substitute Mohammedan- ism for Christianity in that ancient Christian country. It apparently required no great effort to dispossess him of his throne, though not without some rioting in II Mrt II ^ ---■II I Km - * - •- CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LET ANDERSON, STATE DE BX//y/ //..^ ,,Z^^^, £^ DATEj^/.. /7. /?C. OJOl, ;)l#-^^ft«|;*l#«' ty - 2 - Harra:; the chief commercial city of that country, in which a good many MusaelmaJis were killed. I have the honor to be. Sir, Your obedient Servant American Consul-General . c k\ ili 800. RPS/AH. Enclosure : - Report above referred to. m"'^' «if"i*^'' CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITT LE* OF 1-8-58 FROM W.H. ANDERSON, STATE Dl COPY UXMORANDUV. r! Prom G. M. MOEAMBDALLY k CO. To:- c R. P. Skinner leqr. American Consular Serrloe, 46. Hiev Broad Street. London. I. C. Dear Sir, 1 We take pleasure to enclose herewith a copy of the present revolution in Abyssinia and hope that it would reach you in due time. We are all safe here. Hoping to get some news from you, Yours faithfully, (Sgd) G. u. Mohamedally & Co. r-> if BAv.l I.. -*-■.* • il^i^i o u E LED AUTHORITY ANDERSON, STAT B^'Z/^rr-' /^.iv-^v.^C DATE '/r^/y /? //4/ T" •«».»—, Aljyeelnlan R»yolution. Harrar. 20 - 10 - 16 Prom the beginning. We wiBh to give you a short account of the events which took place in Abyeeinia. It iB known to all that Abyeeiniane follow the Christian religion. The late Itmperor. Menel ik II 's endeavour to cause all his ministers swear to make Prince Lij Yasoo, the only son of hiB daughter, king after him, was successful. All his ministers adhered to the advice of late Menel ik up to now. The reason of not enthroning the Prince till now was his (Prince 'o) unbecoming character. They were all unwilling to make him king unless he should improve his character. But the Prince instead of improving hiniself became worse an d gave ear to the advice of Enemies' Ministers. The propaganda of Enemies' Mlniaters was succceeful for the moment in making the Prince accept the Mohamedan religion and urging him to attend mp^s j id to offer prayers. The Prince wf:^ deeply interested in this new religion. He kept Somalip, Gallas arid Lemkhelip his friends and advisere. After a short time he openly showed enthusiam for Mohamedan religion and made up his mind with his Moslem frienda to carry a crusade on Christians ana subjects of other nation- ality and to kill all these people. During the course of these events Dijazmatch Taffari, 8ome of late Ras Mekonen, was the governor of Harrar. The Prince made };i8 trans- ferrence to Addia Atata and the Prince himself stayed in }Iarrar. with the object of making all Moslems his friends. He sought companieB of persons like hir. and he came also I I ! »• » j: ■ _ <, f ' ','■». \. y CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LET OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DE - '^> - In contact v\'ith them, viz., Ydl ibi, Abdul ] b Sadl ik and Yahya effendl find he was mlBled by them. After long interyal some secret papers, photos and f^lage, on which there were Arabic proverbs from Koran were captured in LegatioriS of Enemies I.Iinisters. All these things were exhibited in the meeting which was held in Harrar on 12-10-16 and from this the Abyssinlans proved the unfitness of the Prince to be the king and so usupped all rights of king from him. The <*• papers captured v^^ere the only source of tl-iis revolution as it was written in these papers that all Moeleme ehould be united into one to carry a war on Christians and subjects of other nationality. This excited very much the wrath of Abyssinic-ns and so all Abyssinlans united and made Waizaro Zaudithoo, the daughter of late Menelik II, i^ueen and Has Taffarl (who was first Dijazmatch Taffari) regent and despatched the Abyssinian forces from Addis Ababa to Harrar to capture the PrinCe. The Prince also lost no time in sending Abyssinian soldiers to meet the Abyssinian revolutionary forces with religious enthusiasm. When the Prince heard this news he fled on Sunday night 8th October 1916 fro.r. Harrar and so leaving the town without a responsible commander. It was very critical time for f^ll Christians and subjects of other nationality after the departure of the Prince since all Moslems were prepared to kill all subjects in the night but their desire was not successful and consequently we were very lucky to escape from this trouble and according to this proverb , "Evi] to him who evil thiixks", the Moslem^' were sacrificed \% i' Ht '7.. .■ s m J^ o *> ^ - O -3- CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DE ^^ilAL (Itil ll\u il-^^^ '^ PATE_^,,/y /-<: /fL \ in our place. In the raorniiig of 9th October, the AbyBBlnians commenced looting from Mftclema guns and cartridges which the Prince had provided them. So far killing has not started. But the Moslems first killed some Abyssinians and so all Abyssinians were excited and they killed about five hundred Moslems (including Somalis) in Harrar till 12 a.m. and this killing was stopped at the request of the British Consul. All the five gates of Harrar remained closed the whole day. Needless to say that courage, smartness and enthusiam for war of Abyssinians are praiseworthy. During the killing no European or Indian hee suffered a bit. About 300 Abyssinians were killed in the fight which took place between revolutionary forcee and the Princess force near Meso, a village between Dire-Daoua f^nd Aouche (from 28.10.16 to 6.10.16}. The soldiers of the Prince's side were ignorant of the proclamation of their priests, which was that every Christian should join the revolu- tionary forces if he should be a zealous Christian. When this came to the knowledge of the Prince's soldiers tll^y- at once surrendered to the revolutionary forces and deserted the Prince. Had this been known to them before- hand the fight would not have taken place. Now there is peace in the town and all diplomatic persons have been captured and imprisoned. The Somalis who were prisoners in the hands of Abyssinians have been serrt with Abyeeinieji guards to their countries in safety. It is declared in the meeting which took place in Harrar on 12.10.16 that every man of whatever religion whether Mohanmedaii or I > f ,,» . ji,\ .. CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LE' OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE Dl ■ n.r.i . T . -4- \ I Christian will te treated with respect in this way that if he is a boy, he will be considered as their son, your^ man as their brother and old man as their father. Rae Taffari is very much loved by all people. The Prince has fled but every possible arraiTgement has been made to capture him. Other particulars will follow as soon as we receive the post from Addis Ababa. Since three mails we received no letter from Addis Ababa. f i?t ^ . . . . » ?.' .-,, 4^v**L«;4)IV'« < ■MM CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LE' OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE Dl -b- AbysBlfiian Revolution Harrar . 1 - 10 - 16. Fron: 21 - iO 16 to 31 - 10 16. r In cont irjuat ioii to our last revolution we wioh to add the following information:- Prince Lij Yasoo has up to now confined himself in the province of the Lankhelie. It is said that he would come to Dire-Daoua with Dankhelis, and it is also said that he would directly go to Somaliland and with the help of tiie Soma] is, would invade Dgigj iga. All this have proved to be false. Thereis not the least fear to anyone, because Ras Taffarl, on behalf of the Abyssinian Government, has sent just on the border of the Dankhelis, on the railway lines, in Djigjiga, Dire-D-^oua and Harrar, A>:yy s iii ia'. soliinrt^ for the protection of the people . Nugus Jilechael , the father of the Prince, ce.me with the intention of invading Addis Ababa witn three lacs of men. The aovorment of Abyssinia aent one iac and forty thousand .trairied r^en against him. They met at one day's journey from AddiB Ababa. The battle actually took place in which Nugus Mechael has been captared prisoner. This has lessened the strengtn of Prince Lij Yasoo. Tne Abyss i-iian 3overii.ne:/t tries its utmost to capture tne Prince. The rai:way rias been engaged in carrying Abyssinian soldiers, therefore tne import and tne export discontinues; an ^ he villagers do liOt come to sell coffee, hides 3cC. So long as the Prince Lij Yasoo is not captured tne business would remain dull. I if The Abyss inia.M CJovernment cares very mucn for the lives and property of the ^oreign merchants. ■i>. CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LE OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE E B Y/,v/4,,, f^^rn.LP DATE y,,^; a/ //, -6- Abyssinian Revolution Harrar. 7 - il - 1&16. From l-1116to7-ll-16. .Has TaTfari has conquered Nugue (king) Mechael, the father of the Prince, as we have seen before; and now he got victory over fehree other powerful Rases, one after the other, who had Joined Nugus Mechael. Making them all prisoners, Ras Taffari entered Addis Ababa, the capitel of Abyssinia, on the 3rd November 1916 with great pomp. He then invited all the Ministers and foreign merchants- Trains, now-a-days, carry post and passeiigers, but irregularly; because to suppress Dankhel is and others, they still carry Abyssinian soldlerr. also. It ic therefore, that there is no transhipment of goods at all. At the distance of about twenty-five miles from Harrar twenty thousand Somalia, whose superior had come before to Insist 0-': Frlnce Llj Yasoo to make r. wt^r of religion on the Abyssinians, and who was afterwards killed in Harrar together with other Somalip, by the Abyssin Ifna , have nov; come to take revenge of their superior, cmd if not, to die. From Harrar, AbyssinianB have marched Ir. numbers with a large number of s;un8 Fxi^i some cannons, in order to congratulate them. The fight le goiii^ on from yesterday morning. To-day eve rdng we got information that the Abyssinia ijs have defeated the Somalls and that they are In pursuit now. To-morrow we hope to ret more information. ^ Ira short period of two days, at the lo?n of four Ajyajs (leaders) and a few numter of ^cyscinians, they have, no \ \ u i \ '• is ^ I • *• ; .,. .V • _J=i. CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LE' OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE Dl B Y////4.... ;d^rnu^ DATE ,;,/,^, /y, /^ -7- doubt, worked a wonder. Most of the SomaliH have been killed erid others have fled. Dead bodies of Ajyajs (leaders j have been brought to Harrar to-day in order to bury them. f « I ! 1 /■ \ ii \ I /^ r I I CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LE*: OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE Dl -8- Abyeslnlan Revolution. From 7 - 11 - 16 to 10 - Harrar. 10 - 11 16. ■^ \ # On hearing that some of their leaders died, the Abyssinians could not keep their wrath in check. In the early morning of the 8th October a number of Abyss iniane marched to the help of their fellow-men. But before they could reach the battle-field most of the Somalis were killed and others ran away* In the morning of the 9th October the Abyssinians entered Harrar with great pomp. Giving salute to DijazmaJ Gabre, the present governor of Harrar, went to their respective residences. That day the governor gave a dinner-party to all the Abyssinisins in rejoice. / # A-- CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T V .•c, >>'*■' f,-'* • •»» r f i JAN 11:7 No. 17. I 4 /7 i; AMERICAN CONSULATE, / 1 'I^L».« 2 2/ Mombasa, British Sast Africa, f^, C l"t loTeaber 9, 1916. Subject Distnrbanoee in Abyssinia The Honorable The Secretary of State. Washington ^ SiR: ^ C-, ^ ^ *-4 s \^ y. \^ «w ^\ ^ a > a kion I hare the honor to rsport that aooordin^ to infonaajtion reoeiTsd here the troubles in AbTssinia hare not been settled and that the fighting, vhioh appears to haye dereloped into a serious rerolutionary ■orement, is still in progress and that the result is unoertain. The latest inforaation, howerer, is that the GoTernment troops inflioted a severe defeat on the army of the deposed Negus Lidji Jeassa, but that the suooess was not followed up suffloiently to extinguish the rerolution- ary moTement. Briefly stated, the history of the present troubles in Abyssinia is as follows: Serious unrest followed the demise of the famous Boqperor Menelik, Hegus of Abyssinia, whose death was so frequently re- ported and denied, and finally officially admitted in Deeeniber, 1913. As he left no son he had in 1908 reoognised as his suc- oessor, Prlnoe Lidji Jeassu, the son of his seoond daughter and of the powerful chief, Has Ifikael, of the Wollo Oalla tribe. Since 1914 Lidji Jeassu, who is now twenty years of age, has been Hegus of Bthiopia, under the direction of regents. One of his acts was to have his father, Ras Mikael, made king of Wollo and Tigre I ^-* -w-y ELED AUTHORITY ANDERSON, S DATE 4. /? /^ -2- figro, vdiloh Is one of the subsidiary kingdoms of Ethiopia 076r whioh Ifenelilc exsroised sassrainty. About the end of last Soptember it was Imonn that Mdji Jeassii had been deposed by the Imperial Ghebi at Addis Abeba, headed by the famous re- ligious ohief of the country , Abima liatheos, iibo by proolama- tion deolared Boperess Onisero Zeoditu, doubter of the Bmperor Zfenelik. It was stated at the time that the deposition of Prinoe Lidji was brought about by a group of inqportant ohiefs who had become jealous of the then growing power of Ras Ifikael, father of Prinoe Lidji, who was made a prisoner in the recent battle. It is openly stated here that the Negus Lidji Jeassu had oome under the influence of the German minister through the adrioe of the Turkish Consul at Harrar. This aoousation, of oourse, is difficult if not impossible to confirm here. At all erents. Prince Lidjl is now said to be a prisoner and that his followers are being pursued and scattered. I have the honor to be. Sir, Your obedient servant , ,^^^^^^^'S^'^^ // Consul. / (Mle Ho. 800) 1 ittliiia ff- ^. - . »^' ■ ^'if iffifwrci CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETT OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP' _DATE ./,./ n /iL>l ^'^/i( f^idni ^^''^^'^ ^^ No. 14. \ ■d \ .^.7 AMERICAN (t Aden, ATati a, ^ I f S^S possible interest to the Department aa account of the recent political troubles in Ahyssinia based en a T)rlTat€ letter reeeired ^nd made publi c by an Aden merchant, jt is con^i isred that the Department pro- b'^tly h?5 raceive'i this information ^rom other sources rrier to my arrirnl at this post less than a month ago, but as a basis fsr report in;: future politi oal haiDpenings of possible interact in /byssinia the fol- lowing? account f b^ing a brief of the l^^ter above re- ferred to cini of rerbnl reports frorn other sources) i e submitt ed. >s is generally known, the lette TDnperer Menelik naned as his successor Prinee Li J Yasu, the only son of his daughter. The Prince* s leanings toward Moham- medan! «m hare^ sin to Menelik' s de;ith, caused the defer- ment of his /? d ual enthronement, one of his most critl ci s?d n^n was hi s transfer of Dl jaamat di Taffari , Governor of Hnrrar, to Adi s Abeon in orier that he fthe I iii »i i>#iii n-iii'tiii ii^ii> '5l:^ed in Harr^r secret papers, phottc and flags on ^i di were Arelolc pre verbs from the Koran. These o'bjeds were sridto "be of a rerolut ionary diaratfter show- ing the desire of Li J Yasu te malce Abyssinia a Mo- heinmedan country andto pUt Mohwimedans in power. These papers, photos and flags were elicited at a public meeting in Harrar on O^ober 12th, , 1916, and so aroused patriotic Abyssinians thc(t they started the noTement which resulted in making Waizaro Zordito, dnught er of the 1 5(t e Menelik II, Queen ^/rlth Rfns Taforri (formerly the Dejazmat di Taffari) as regent, Abyssinian troops were sent by the new rulers to capture Li J Yasu, They were met by the troops of the latter and according to some reports surrendered with religious ertthusiaam and accerfiing to others th^re was a bloody battle. In BJiy erent the f a dt seems to be thett Li J Yasu' s forees yielded and he fled from Hp.rrar ^ile his father, Has Midiele, nnd other influential supporters of the wishes of the l/?.t« MeneliV regarding his successor, took the oath of fillegianteto Waizaro Zovdlto. Mu di fighting eccurred in Harrar between Abyssinians and Mohonraednns in yfr\\. ch Torious repoit s claim there were from 300 to 1500 slain. Thi s is sai d to hrjre t .-iken place on cJtober 10th. , 1916, The Abyssinians are sa^>1 to hare kept the fighting •— -* «>-^.. ^^^ Tiy ^ ■Mifliitflii ( ELED AUTHORITY ANDERSON, STAT SX/,,JL..,/..r...,^ DATE ^, ^, , 17^ Z/^. ■""Tlf. ir*^"^ t ■ '<»<> -3- nghtlng finong themselres and 3#mall allie« as no foreigner is repotted to hare been harmed. About 300 Abyeeinlans are reported to hare been killed £^ a battle near Meeo in O^ober between the forces ofLiJ Yasu and Queen Wai zaro, Q^uiet ^as sin ee prerai led while efforts to capture Li J Yaeu are being made with difficulty owing to all trace of hi s place of refuge being undi seorerable. The Regent RasTaffari is considered a strong V! nd able man and as one haring the respect of the people of the country. The pro clnmcfti on of a poli cy of reli- gious tolerance toward Mo si ens has been emphasized. The aboTc information comes prindpolly from priTdt e sources. Official news is not available at this time. f I hare the honor to be^ Sir, Your obedient s errant, Ameri can nonsul. :?lle No, 800. * — 1 »s m^tmgmmmmA Tt No. 19. CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER ^v i-ft-R8 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T DATE^j^.A^. /y . /^6^ ».Ty» Jfcg ; W.l.lJ W ■' i»i* * ■»' ' J i JW-JI ' %f*'1S9Erti^ "bar 2, 1916. ^ ^ r Subject: political Troubles in Abyoeinia, '4 n / i ' .^ . ^ 2 •/ \'^ The Honorable The Secretary of State, Washington Sir I hare the hontr to ref«r to my despat No, 14 , dated Norenber 2Bth. , 1916, (Pile No.bOO) re- IdtlToto politital troubles in Alpyseinia, end to repoit the following; - ainee about the middle of October when Queen Waizaro Zardito and Regent Roe Taffari aeeumed charge of the Abyssinian Gorernment the politieal troubles haTe been considered gs ended. The restoration of normal trade conditions os a result thereof has been of particular interest to Adsn nerdiants, v^^o buy Abyssinian goat akins for American importers and sell fonsiderable quantities of American cotton sheet* ings, known to the ndt ire t rade qs "imeri oani *\ in S Abyssinia, The possibility of a change in these desir- able conditions has just dereloped. "Direct news has this date been reeeired, by the Italian Oonsul in Aden from the officer in command of an Italian gun- boat just GrriTed, that Prince Li J Yasu on or about Noreraber 22nd,, 1916, re-entered Abyssinia from the north j-1 .,, ,-^«. .--- -^ '■ - *— '---^ •- -jiiifri ■ . .f V CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T -2- north pt a place called Da»«la, Th« prince is eoid te have follewers and t « be mnlrln^ eonTineing state- ments ns te hie sincere (Jirigtlanlty and tp the effect that th« ifterles of his affedklen fer and conrerslen to Moharaedani sra were port #f a "base plot made possible only by his friendship , for political reasons, with influential Moalans. The opinion seems to be thdt he will rsise a suffldent follewing to attempt his restoration to the throne and again bring about unsettled condtltlomin the country. I hare the hener to be, Sir, Your obedient serrant Ameri can Consul. I ■Kile No. 800. \ . h *.Tk »•**'" CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T B X^yy^^... .^^y.,^ DAT E^.A. n /9(oZ. a ^ ■>K • OrriCE OP THK *■ • MimO ASSISTANT SCCI CTARY DIRECTOR OP IE CONSULAR StR\ ap^l5 1917 /4l^ ^1^^/^ U^u^ 7 / / ti K-^^ 9 a^ .jK-A UTPii ^ ''•v c 1 97. I ^ . v^.. Subject CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER oV^l 8 58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T ^/ * ^^^ — * - * DATE ■^ '«•»■;•»•» T ? ^TIAL. (I \^ i AMERICAN CONSULA«^/ ;^_ Chemnitr, , Germai f • «< ie latter part of June 1^14, I take tiie liberty of .'tak- ing irie f ollov^rine;; report on the recent political changes that have taken place in tTiat country, the salient facts of .vhich >.a/e b^en communicated to me in a letter of the 10th ultimo by Mr. 6amuel Eehesnilian, interpreter of our Consulate-General w>iile I was in cliarge of that office.' By v/aj of preface I would state that, preceeding my departure foi- said post late in January 19 14, two weeks vere spent in Rome with t>ie approval of the Department. WViile there I had the honor and pleasure of a private a,udience with the King of Italy. He was particularly in- terested in learning everything about the then recently acquired territory of Tripoli, where I Viad been stationed for three years with specially favorable opportunities of keeping in close touch with the invents leading up to and culminating in a c>iange from Ottoman to Italian rule: and he ■^ - - — ■*-■ - -" f CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY I^TTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T II 0.97. Chemnitz, 12-18-1916 K >ie v^^ry sirnply aad ])l€cibcin tly referred to my action in t>ie critical days there as having won t'ne appreciation of all Italians, w>io had interpreted my refusal to leave Tripoli in the criiiser GHESTKR as an expreBsion of ^^enuine sympa- thy for Italy in the loyal performance of duty. Kany top- ics were touched upon during this interview, some of a per- sonal and confidential nature, hut Just before the end of th^ conversation whic>i had lasted almost an hour, >iis Maj- esty nade several observations about the political con- ditions in Abyssinia, the most important of which was liis prophetic reference to its youn^; ruler, Lidj Yassou, in tlie following, words;-*' He cannot hope to continue his rule and still lead such a ti^'^ssly i^imoral life,*' In ordpr to iri tell igen tly interpret tlie changes durin^^ the last few months one must remember that t>ie Cop- tic Christian religion lias played a very important part in the selection of the kings and emperors of T!thiopia. TTie Shoans , who occupy the central section of tlio country fur- nish trie ruling class ana they alone are permitted to have tlieir own weapons with government approval; they are Coptic Christians anu number about 1,!:)00,000 out of a tot- al population of '7,000,000, one 'lalf of whom are Gallas, w>io occupy tb.e southern and south-eastern provinces, Vjeing a pcistoral Mnd agricultural people with a strong loyalty to the late 'lenelik II on account of his victory over them and later transferred to Prince Liaj Yassou because of . his appointment oy "tk-enelik II as his legitiioate successor . Tliese G".llae are iiidustrious and not quarrelsome, only a small part being Christian but even bo, more loyal subjects than ■^■MiMi iM CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY l^TTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T ^■^/,ufL..../l...a' DATE f ,Y ;> /^ //^.^ i.0.97 . - 3 - Chemnitz, 12-18-i<^15. I than the Clirisliaii Tie^rans in the norih. The I^anklis in tVie east are T'oliammedanc and have never been i^eally con- quered, altVioutih paying an annual tribute to the govern- ■nent at Adia Ababa. Ti\^ head of the Church reeidee in the capital, is an '^igyptian and appointed fron Alexandria .vhere the Coptic Cliurch has its cliief seat of povver . The Ai^jSbinian uishop ^las a far-reaching influence ana indeed is more ])Ovverful thati liis positioii sViould warrant. Sev- eral times durin^, the last t'nree years preparations have ceea made for the crowning- ceremonies of the young Prince but the bishop has always liad some excuse for not per- sonally officiating. It has oeeri ex-^lained on the pZiround that Lidj lassou hris never beer~i free from the ''oriam.meclan influeticea of hie father, a born I'ohammedan but converted uefore 'nis marriage to one of the iliegi tirna te daughters of renelik II. It is the common oeiief of tho most ititel- li,-:e'-;[t Abyssiniaris t}i& t Fas "^'icliael, relf-crowned King of V/ollo in Junp 1<^14, f r- ther of Prince Liaj Ybsbou, has re- tain^d >-iB loyalty to the ^'ohammedan creed and still practices i te teachings et3j)ecir:.lly in pri ^r^,- te life. 7vfMi duii'.g x^j thort rojourfi in Ad is Ababa it was observed that Lidj lassou remained away from cliurch upon several occyssior.s ivheri it was alWciys customary for the V.eao of the nation to attend, a custom strictly followed by the le te Menelik II, Fie companion in these absences v/as the L'inifiter of Foreign Affairs, a cunning and ra thaer intel- ligent intri^^uer, who had worked his way from an obscure clerical position in the customs service and through un- scrupulous liandling of customs receipts had amassed • ■ a fortiAne l^ that country, a large part of which v/as reputed CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OfT 8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T 1:0/7. - 4 - C^.eniriitz, 12-18-1^16. K refuted to hav^^ Leen deposited vntYi b^nlcB in Ger:i£iny for safety. T>iih' open dier^'gard of church otservanceB pro- duced a ^^reat aeal of concealed discontent and was on one occasion indirectly rebuked by the lishop in one of liiB eer.Mone . Luch laxity wae attributable to 7-Ioharnnedan leanintjB ar:d it wao understood the lead ere were only await- ing the right opportunity to put a,n end to t>ie Princess leit^n, Naturally they >iad to contend v/i th the almost blind fetibhisn of the ordinary Abyssinian who believee in ?'€n- elik II ae a ^iod whose will should not le controverted, for Leaelik iiimbelf had named the Prince his L'.uccessor at a great public convocation of the people. V/ithout doubt tb:e disturbed political conaitione of the world have penetrated thit3 land-locked and secluded neutral la.nd and liave i.een one of the most potent factors in liastenin^j thp downfall of tbis young Prince. Ilin cis- solule and sensual ple^.sures were invariably associated •//ith trie rinme of t^e Austrian Consul, ^ con ^/er led Jew, whose activities in advertij^ing patent mediciiiee in the homeianc necessitated a vacation to a country wiiereliis ill- gotten ^ciins "A'cxae it possible *o receive an honorary ap- pointr:ient in saia service, I found that he was i persona non grata in til of tie legations with the exception of the German, but through liis knowledge of the Abyssinian lan- guage and his success in pandering to tlie weaknesses of the Prince, a stron^, posi tion* v/i th the Govpm.Tien t was secured. It must bp stated t'na t th.e Gov-^rnment wae the royal will of the Pririce, cjnningly directed by Viit^ "'inister of For- eign Affairs, v/ho was shortly after my departure promoted to - ■-- — - -- ii^a III I I '* CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T "e n/uyUn.., ^.^..li^ DATE ^^^,/^^, r/. /^l:^ 1.0. C7. ( - L) - Cliennitz, 12-18-1916. to the Prebiuency of the llini^try. thus completely ieoiat- itifc the only reliacle Abyeeiniun then in of f ice . viz . , the Minister of ^;/ar. the PreBiuen t of the Council of Finist-rs when I was in Abyssinia. Purine the .'nor.th of last July, Prince hid i ^ J -'asGou, having, a Baepicion tl^at his Clirie tian offic^ri '» were not faithful to him. rroceeded to t^ e city of ''arrar, oetensi- Uy on a vieit. Thin city has a popul.aion of :,0,000 . is the center of a lucrative coffee induBtr> and is located ahout Z-b -nilee to the south of Pire Pawn , a tovm on the railroad line r unnin^ i.etween the port of Jibuti on xhe iMlf of Aden and Adis ALaLa. coverin^^ a distance of 487 -.ile.. Pire Pawa ie 187 miles distant fro,-. Jibuti and at the time of m^ visit presented a very attractive appear- ance i:, consequence of the efforts of the French fci t!.-^ai r.ol.)t\j t..^=re .10811/ r> ■^ • , vvho had J -nj^ae^-ed in the various ciepart- rr.ente of thp railroad. T;.e Prir.ce was observed to oe ee- pecially active amonei the Lomalls ,nd it was r.oted ty;at he was .rmin^- tPese half-s^va^e tri'nes tlu. t occ or of t>ie upy the terri- tor:,- to the south-eatt of I'arrar .no in the interi British bomaliland , the verv sn-^e r^f^f^r^^ c. fi ♦ ^ , i^ i^ vcij, sa ..e people that have caused BO much trouble for the colonial Jovernmeut of Kr:,aana and with whom Penelik II intrigued until cau,,ht tl^ou^h the eviuence of an interceptec letter; then uuaer pressure from o a the Lritish Government he was persuaded to enter int treaty, in which he promised to cease hi. activities among the romalis and in fact to estatlish peaceful conoitione on the then undoeip,ed boundary line befve the Pritish Somalilan een Ijis country and d. In the mi-iale of beptember a sharp note of protest was sent to the AovRBir.i--^ -^ uj cue AUySBinian oovernment ly the ELED AUTHORITY LETTER ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T DATE \^ie Allied Powers Btc'tioned at Adis Ababa, complaining; of the infraction of tlie '''enelik treat- lee oxi trie part of t>ie Prince.. ^>/i(ieritly t>ie lopged-for opportunity to act had arrived, for by th.ie time tVie Ethi- opian officers at the capital were in open revolt on account of the Prince's latest capitulation to Tioharnmedaniem. Con- sequently all of his enemies, including the Bishop of the Coptic Church, assembled at the Royal Palace on t>ie 27th of September and proclaimed Princess Zowditou, only living daue^hter of V.en^^lik II, ^^ueen of Ethiopia; and Dedjazmatc}i Taf ari , the then Covenor of Harrar ir.d son of the late Has y.okkonrien, one of the most esteemed of Abyssinian, Crown Prince scid Ke^^ent. On account of ^o-""^.^ misunderstand- ing ir. celebrating thr event , sliglit hoetilitiec took place vrith the resi^lt tipt thirty were killed and many wounded . On the £*6th of September t^.e T'alace of Lidj Yassou vme t':r:eri X.^ storm ^f t*?r fifteen minutes of actual fig>it- ting, with '-i ver^ email loss, Tlie new C^ueen was bi'ou^rit ft from Adis - Alem to the Foyal r<'ilace on tiie 30tT:i of Lep- tember and on t'n^^ same day Prince LidJ '/rissou effected his escape from herrar to Lire Dawa upon iiearin^ that bis ^^r- rest '^:ad been ordered ly the Government '^ t Adis Al^^ba. kj ome 1000 of hie Somali follov/ers left in H- rrar were kill- ed and his soldiers sent to en^jage the Government troope lilontj trie railroad line at Teosso were put to rout. His Ro^/al Highness hurriedly fled to the deeert in the Dan- kli country in th*^ east, taking with him coneiderable mon- ey any many articles of value. V/hile these events were being enacted, Kin^^: ?'^icliael, father t^mt^m .1. ■« 8 ■ ^ t* ^v. ■MBMfliaHBaMI SSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T i;o.?7 . - 7 - Chemnitz, ll'-ie-irio. ( father of the I^rince, haa gathered to^,otVier u lar^e army and had Tiarched Beveri days toward Adie Ababa without meet- ing any opposition. VA.en it ^^'.^.^ learned that he was only four days from the capital t>iere wae tremenaoue excitement fimong th^ foreign population and all of tJie railroad care were put in readiness to transport t>je foreigners to Ji- buti , However, on tlie 4 t>i of October, Ras Toulsa^^Hd was despatchea with what appeared to be an adequate force to fcive La tile to the King, only to t.eaten ana killed along with many of >ii8 troops. Tlie situation became so serious tf.L t t^ie new Prince i' nd Fitowrari Abtageorgius , Minister of Var, summoned to the capital all of tlie available arm- ed men that could ue c-.ssembled in a week and then led in person these forces to a decisive victory in which Pling Lic^iie.el c-nd many of hib chiefs were captured besides suf- fering a loes in killea of about 10,000. On the r7th of October, the day after the battle, the canons iri front of t>u^ Poyal Talace conveyed the Joyful news to the anxious ?]uropeans . Tv.^^ victoi^ious army with l-rince Tafari and the Minister of 'Var were accorded a most ^ r^ thuaias tic reception on t^:e Snd of Tove'^uber, y;ar ti cipa ted in by all of tVie rep- res^ r.ta tives of tiie Korei^r. Po.vere and manj civilians be- eiaes th.e entire native population. Tlie most arairatic epi- sode took place wrien the chained King and his Oiiefs were brou^lit to the feet of the new t^ueen, causing a wild out- burst of joy among th^ Abyssinians who persisted in pro- longing^ their ovation to the r.ew Crown Prince and t)ie 7ar Minis ter , The faller. Prince is reported to be conducting a p;uerilla ■•v- . « % < .MjC >*- ■."^•. ■■■■■■■Mi \ ION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER LOM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T - 8 - Cherniiitz, 12-18-1^16. I { guerillri v/arfare . The new Gov^^rrunent is Tiaking extf^nsive mrepara tione to send many chiefs anH soldiers n^ainst him and also a|-i;ainet the cViiefs of the V/ollo country, the home of the captured Plin^^, with, every prospect of success. 1 1 is pretty certain, liowever, that LidJ Yast^ou vvill t^viide cap- ture and may "become h distuQjing factor in tliut peaceful country tlirou^h stirring up the Kohammedan Lanklis to make raids into the ric>i districts to secure booty and deotroy tl^e rail rOcid comrnunica ti ons . It i\s of imjoi* t:'.nc^^ to note that tliis chan^^e in the political per^oonnel of Abyssinia is frauglit with mciny pos- cihilities of benefit to the country through the develop- ment of its unr; outotedly ricli natural resources. Foreign Ccipital could not b^ incuced to emh^^rk ir. enterprises v/>.ile £ucli a Governr.ent was in control, for Prince Licij Yhssou hao surrouii led himself with ignorant Ahyssinians, many of whom >iad L.eeri convicted of penal offences. They all were an ta.^onis tic to foreign influeibces ana took no steps to improve the conuition of the people or encourage the « farriers to ^row lar^^er crops. Even the reputable foreigriers of ,,ooa c'vLiiity, wno had assiBtea ''enelik II, refused to assist the Prince lo long as he persisted in retaining such I.'inisters, only one of //h.om inspired any faith among the foreign representatives, vi7.,t^e '"inis'er of '7ar . Thie Prince himbelf was without education, was not able to sneak any la •^ua^:e out t.^e A bj'e^Biriian ariO t>.e same was true of each one of his I'inisters. h'ow all of this will ue changecl The new Crovr: Prince is a youn^ ^.an of ability and some ed- ucation; he sreakF French and ie very approachable, }:aB the confi^lence of all t :e foreign representatives arid y.as Vad cons iderable 1 mgmmm^agmA ELED AUTHORITY LETTER ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T BY/^.v //.,.„ 7^.r..z( DATE ^,^^, /^ //^^ — T- r*^*')'^* . >^ - - P - Chemnitz, 12-18-1916. c coneicxerable ^.aminib tiative experience as Govenor of Harrar, where several Coneule reside, T>ie British consul there spoke in the higVieet terms of this young Prince and I Viave no doubt but what the Allied Fepresen tativee used their influ- ence in liaving him proclaimed the Prince Pegent. In my opin- ion his selection means a continuance of the Abyeeini&n P'mpire under the most favorable conditions for a sound and pro^reesive policy lookint<, to the ueveiopnent of the country and I would respectfully suggest that the Departraent con- eider the advisability of being suitably represented in this country in view of tne above nentioned clian^^es . I recornnend- ed th^ closin^: of our Consulate-Cenpral there and one of the principal rf^asons was tiie pree-^nce of the impossible Govern- ment enl'Oaied in i).e fallen Prince. In view of the ueautiful le^.ation homes of the other Powers I'epresented , it would not oe fitting to serid a representative there again except ^ upon e-^^'en terms with said accredited Lli n i b t^^^rs . I am, r.ow- evei", convinced tliat with proper treat-aent our trade in Ab^esinia could be doubled in five years Had in th^ new cam- paign upon vhich our country appears to ue embarking I '/rould co-ri'iend its -itte-Uion to a re- c onyid^ra ti on of this almost virt^in field . f 600. 1 A. I have the >ionor to be, bir, Your obedi^^nt s-^rvant, lu l.lh^ American CciriBui, ,^ VNo. 19 . V i FFB w m? or c "I, .■ SSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T i 3 n M^ AMERICAN'i /i*^n, Arnbir*, tfiSd'^er 22, 1916. Subject: politic^a oon^itiona In Al:'y88lnia. — ncrrTTr^ i '^ nt 1 al - •, ^J^J"^ . ;■ ^ I 'AJ ^ M^ The Honorable The Secretary of State, I Washington Sir I h?Te th^ honor to refer to despatch No, 15, of necenter Jn-i. , 1516, from this Cons^uaate, relative to rjolitic^^l coniitions in Abyssinia (pile No. 800) , Recent report a frora Abyssinia ere to th effect tht^ while Prinze Li j Yasu is tolerated by the peoT)le in Northern Aoyssiiiia he h os had no success in mi sing n following sufficient to start a revolution n^nin^. the present rulers. The opinion is expressed by those faniliar \^lth conditions there thdt it i s n^w ^uite improbcbl3 thgt Li ,i Ynsu will be ajjle to brin^ obout ony politlc-^^l disturbnnce. It is uno f fi d r^lly reported in AHen thdt the Turys are doing whet they can to encourp,f^e trou\ile rac'^ing by the Moh-^.^nme da/i 'el a-nent in /byssinir, Jtr^2i:in Tntrea and British So^-n -ail r.nd . >ccorjinc to reDoits the Turkf? i .-. the Arabinn Ycnen pend m ■» •? s en^ e r s nnd occasioml s.iir^ll eupDlies of ^uns -.nd mr.uiiition « cross fron :7hei^h Said, situ-.te'i on tiie straits of Bab- -« I MMH » "ltn ■ Mk...^ IttHMHIlittil ■ii r^ CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LE' OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE Dl '*j -2- Bab-«l-?jiDndeb ntar th« Island ©f p«ri)a, to ^«nch S»mGliland -ind thenca int« the country of Ras Mi diel« :ind Erltreci. This ii strict is patroll«4 by allied war vessels whose yirilonc* must be eluded by the Turtcc In ventures of this sort I hare the honor t« be, sir Your obedient serv >meri can Oncul. File No. 800, i i: \ i % \ -if /^ yi-a' i^^i 1 1 CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T '•^ ^K^'f-kf I ft.t^ Y^-/'.. M . / ? V 9«n-?'M A^^ ACA jD tihl >: li?>w+ Wfl^Q^i? nTifffv ffffd^ ^Lt^^ .^^y i^. 6^A.^ci^4y^ k \\jJic^\ (Pi 9 ' • • '^t^HvC^ tZu^ Itx^ j.a>t^ cU innJ^K^ |.;.w cv. fo^^ ^^^t k Y^to. ^.H^^^t^^.^^ . foUilt^ O^J/L^T^ , tx- c^>^^v> c^/^ ♦M^rt. trti^ UcuL^^lt^y tC\\,^ViLtXv*/. f r I 4 SSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T —J ] — i 'i Tc^Qsiatitta.. A d d i s - A b e c a , • 'ia n a a r 7 1 ? , 1917. '"xC'^-^i ienoy: Ey ordar of my Sovsmment I have z^e honor zo int'orm yoa thai; Dar Aa.^ust Sovert3lr>;a Zaalita, who, by tha ^^raoa or' Sod, succeeded ojr :iraat laxxsatad Siiioeror Meailek 11, will be solexnly crowned on Saaday l^'^ebruary 11, l.r;l'^, at 9 o*cloc:< in tne moraiai at ner capital, Addi 3- Abeba. a:n3 occasion I will annoaace to you tnat His On t, n i 3 I'nDerial Highnaso ^a^ Yoa are reo^ lar'ari is '~:3ir ':jO one Tarone. jeisted to Kindly coT:'i]un icaoe tne face 10 your o 7 e r n n e a t • ;^ -> -.0 ^y ^^ V-' V_ ^t,, "xce 1 iencv, t^na assurances ot* ;ny very ni^ri CO Hoi lerat/ion. .^3^IAZ;>'ArCH 5AUNE I?^>^'^, / Minister of r^'orei^n Affairs. To His Sxceiiency, T n e M i n i 3 e c or' .^' o r e i ^^ n Affairs, *^' a :^ ^. 1 n -.^ ton, !J . ? • A . — *-*»*i» ^**W>mHMfcto'%^ I f -».-» '^^ ri 77 / r. ~> ^ . 'T- 1 ^'' ror £'^'^^'> l( munLr^m'V m.»M» .i» '«« .-air-no _^ j ^. „ j /^. . • ^ ■., , / I /.>(^ tA-^f';i>f n>iv>^ it>w4. MoMt n^iDftft, A^y^ ir^A^^ ^/^jr^^f a,t^'>.^ ^''^'^^^r XT(LHV^^ VKhci'?'^ vK^Kfb nil A7?7 « r>, L '^ ^ g^ <»^ fA.-^e'*.? <7»1?>wi. (D U7^ (^ti ^ ^ I A, r^.:-^ (st'^Lfl lilt ' ••".^^ ('-'^ •■■v">-^ ;:^? I I i I 1 1 ^\ CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T BX/jj/Mn^ A^jj.u^ DATE fLJ, n / ?i JS t)^ ^ o^iki^ CxxxXLu^xjt^ 4>M^ /Vi^ j\ tVM.^ 1 ^>wot/t^ J oK/tjt^ C-scccXtxAV<£^ ; ^t Nc^ ^c\^cK\,K^ ^oxA/L. l^pt^ ^pTo^pc/c^ti- t^t^ 1 ^Xk^y a CUUi^ lK tt^ h-C^^lA^Jt^ cAm YoiX4. C^CxtLt vu<^ jHi?w^ |^/tvo>w& VC J/Lt^ yLiXAAX ^aXojiA^ . . i-j mm •■■ ^ A ilM* ^_^ i; I # CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T B y/^yyM..^ A 4.^ :,aiA^jj.LS^ DATE =////,. /? /^^^ --»■ I •■-■-UP' ^T,--*' ■P icaaalatiQG \ N ^is ^;xc3llenoy President WILSJM * o: or. 3 J nit, 31 State '^ r 3 e L i n ^ <--• o ^^ r ;l ■^ ;» or 1(3 ana nishes of 3ood Health. V ?od th3 are naoDy .o annaanoe Co /our Njxoeilency that, by or F^hi. • ~ .-. ^"^ ^^^ '''^^ ''^ ^^^ P^°P^^' ^^® ^-'^^^3t empress or B.hxooxa .a.d.tu has sacoa.a... .o t.e Throne of Her n.iovea and i^amented FaLner Vsniie. 11, Ting c^ :np.s of nhion' \IT aocoriance with tne traaiLion- -.- .'an -. . _. ^ "^^ ^" vith ,h« h^in K ^ ^^-^^^^^^"^ ^' -er nncestors Sne will be crowned, ; •-^!' e : ^"' '" '^"'^' ^^'^^^^^ ^^' ''''^ ^' -^ -Pital r, e assara vou tnat .n-^ ..int • -.r3at9gt aesire ^viU be to cultivate wni^n no,,. ifJ^nTo..^p an:l good understanaincs wni.n nave so naooiiv existea between our rp^n^-tiu^ - anT -rof \^ -T, ^"e«u ojr reboeotive oovernments. a.i-/57s af'-ori J3 tha .-jraa-.est olesaure to prove o Your .:xosllc-„„ c.e .i.caritv or the fr-ien.snio and cordial ^^.evola.oe «., „,3n -.e are .ni.atea to^^rd ■fo.r .xoeUen y ana oar wisnes for tne of Yoar . rince -air to tre l^nrone of ^thiooi a and .Resent, *i /j •<■ f^ . V ..•^^ CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITT LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W.H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T "S VijyUn^ AA^n.u^ DAT E^,/ n /9(.Z. V't'W't^- -.xv' -v» v*»rr«* - «ni*f» -.'^j232Ei.aat— ■x-i'\ "!VvA^ ^ yT'VX^ ;%. PREFARINQ OFFICE WILL INDICATE WHETHER Collect Charge Department Charge to $ Lt .1 1 , . CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. IL ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T BY / '. DATE ■ ^ . ^ i V t- "Telegram Sent. epartment of State, u /valoTz^ / /■ -*-^ -J c ry,. 22, 1917. / MAR 2/5 Cu.l" 1,1 3, it L:xi. 1 1 i L I '-^ . 1 V ^ / •, • . -. u-o K..i-r'^Jo ''/ Al.' si^iaic^-' , .. V » / >. . • ■ ." / . >- .• ^ ^ e »• <- J /,. .5r 1 ./ ^ .j: / I •*mmf*-* ,-, t J /- . \ .00/ — / I I Enciphered by Sent by operator Xmin. E«.— N«. S«. '' '7 .v., --^ -/.-.., 191 I ^, .../., t I CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T BY, , /,, « . ./ DATE ^ , , . ^ 4 ( t .^ . d I ^ ^ y I PREPARING OFFICE WILL INDICATE WHETHER Collect Charge Department OR Charge to $ A..io..ilaL:o .' , Telegram Sent. / / / L^ r L 2)epattment of State, ^^/.A n. ]'Cix 2 1'J17. ^i'> A Pi . r i s . /O Jover.L.ie .it ':LJr.'-i r'-lt.zivi u o ' i' ico; nit i ^;i ;i<,gi. Ijit o"i;/ ao E. iiTeijj o ■'■ ^'.L. :;oi.iiu':' / 38^< .00/ A I •/ "p; 5e/7t /j V operator ^ / . . . M., lain Ba.— N«. M. 7 IPHHI Ilill l l H IIII |lll I iii |» i n i HiH ifWPHWWP | - #i rt i M iii»i m i| . iiiilWl CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORTTT LETTBIi OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T B Y/jjyMn^ ,;&jLrj..u? DAT E^,/ n /9C.>L MP'V"|feHl^*^'i*^^-'*'^4«a *«#* V ■• . (. Ill |»I» W > — ^,-^- ■;■♦ 'S ^•♦i t .t^-' 3 ^^ ,,:^A TELEGRAM RECEarVED. ' ^^ «^_ ' OREEN gn '.')# From 'NO.-V 1 MAR '^1 Rec» Secretary of State, Washington* **. . ♦ »^ •^.: 5899, March 27, three p. m» Your confidential 4577, lyiarch 23, 5 British Government has recogmztd n*w //, CO Empress of Ahysslnla. PAGE* 884.00/ V { \ ^ / " •fcBrJ ,^ 'Stftr*' >♦• t I i CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITT >F 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP* Syy///.^. ,7^.^..^^ DATE ^.^^. /^ /^X^ • *« w" 1 . 1 i - ' w i uit » i i < ■* — tt W BBi ' . gJ ' ! t * • f I b. w^m^m- ■-*- M.««4aMla V >. ■i^ m mmmm y ■ ■ '»■ ■««t««»««MW«i«HMMWMqpH No. 5991. CLASSmCATION CANCBLID AUTHORITT LBTTKS' OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDBRSOW, STATE DEP'T Wl/iiJLl ;/'oA^n^ DATE f^. A. /^ /^^X IWv^t; ■ ■ *?« DATE^^^.^^. /^ /^^ '«*'»■:> ■• f-x.f" ■■ti;»y ■')»*. . /.' ' .t f'.' i-'' -3- October 28, 1916, to Mr. Theaiger, Minister at Adis Abeba, authorizing the recognition of the new Government, which is held to include the recognition of the Empress. A reply was received from him on November 8 following reporting that the new Government had been recognized, and on the occasion of the Coronation, which took place on February 11 last, a formal message of congratulation from King George was communicated to the Empress. I have the honor to be. Sir, Your obedient servant. il'^L£;ferifuU^ i ylMftfttai — --^^- *-■-■- . _ . -^ ^ .^^^ -3F---- ^'mimur — r r CLASSIFICATIQK CANCELED AUTHOHFl't FROMW.H. ANDERSON, STAT) BX/jJ/M^^ ^ojij^jjyLQ DATE No. 127 O' C'\ \ \ AMERICAN Aden, 1917. 7 -A-V '' « (M- -^ SUBJECT: Cordiality of Kative and Other Offlciale on Occasion of Visit to Abyssinia by Consul at Aden. The Honorable The Secretary of State. Washington Sir 8k • 1 I hare the honor to state that in the course of my recent yisit to Abyssinia, which was made under authority of the Department's Instruction No. 22 of June 4, 1917, for the purpose of gathering commercial information of interest, I was most cordially re- ceived by the officials and merchants of the various towns and places I visited in that country. Upon ray arrival in Djibouti, en route to Abyssinia, the representative of the Abyssinian government at that place, Ato Joseph, called upon me ond stated that he wished to infoxn the officials of the various places I would visit of the probable date of my arrival. I explained to him the purpose of w . '-i^_i*: <4hlwU«i4»^ V ■^MatftaMBi MIMMiMMMiHMMMHiM Mtti ^iUi^ CLASSIFICATION CANCBLBD AUTUOKri'X OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP*T _ B X/jjyM^ AAj^yjyu? DATEj^, A . n / 9i 'p DCPARTMCNT Of STATE orriCK OP THE OIREOTOII OF THE CONSULAR SERVICE //: To digest ftnd aoknowledge. TJC }ih V _ ■ * :','■ January 23, 1916. *.-< yi ur- V «s ■ * • - ' ** **^ •^i K- ' 4 CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T "S ViJyUn.., .Zg^y. ^ DATE ^.A. n /9(.Z. OEPARtMCNT OF STATE CONSULAR BUREAU t-t-L V. /■7 <^ ijjmifKArmfCAHCEiMjm OF 1-8-S8 FROM W. H. ANDIRSaN, STATE DIP^T ^ ocMMmmiT o9 sTJirt ONIWON or NKAR iMTnm ArrAiRs ■:Mt,f' jLrf ''■'SM :v3 ^,^1- A .1" /■^ *^ w. i^ liH ^g_JII^. itfiiiiii^ "m •'•♦'"■WVWUM.J^w* » ; r«»W .•^ « ♦ifw-x CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LoirwA ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T -2- of ray visit and stated that I had no official "busi- ness with the Atyssinian government. He said that inasmuch ps I was an American Consul I must "be given . rr>.-j 1 CuBtomB courteBieB and such other ottentioriB ob might aid me in my work, and that he would inform his people that although I came unofficially they should give me all possible asBistance, At Dire Dawa, the first town I visited in Abyssinia, I was received by some of the officials of the town and my baggage token through the CuBtcm house without examination or delay. Upon my departure for Harrar, which is fifty-Bix kilcaneters distant over a pack trail, I was given an escort of six soldiers by the Kegadran HaBbe, who is Governor of Dire Dawa, At Harrar I was particularly well received and in the calls which I made upon theDedjaz Imuru and the Ded.iaz Gabre, the formar the personal re- presentative of Ras Tafari in the Province of Harrar and the latter the Governor of the province, I found them quite cordial and much interested in my visit. They were interested in America and intimated, through the interpreter, that they were particularly glad to hove Americans come to their country, be- cause they had only a commercial interest vhereas many of the European countrtes whose subjects, citi- zens nnd representatives ciroe, had a political in- terest which the Abyssinian people did not appreciate. Regret was also expressed by the Dedjaz Imuru that there was no American representative in the country. This man is a member of the royal family. He, as well cs ¥-^ jm m~i'-' - > .'-irt. V CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITT LBTTBl ^v l-ft-S8 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T >Xki^ am. DATE ^Jaii^-n^-il^^ -3- ( t as the KagadroB Haebe, personally returned the visits which I made them. During my stay in Djibouti ond in Dire Dawa, the French colonial officials in the foimer place rnd the French Consul in the latter place, were very helpful to me. In Harrar the Italian Consul General gave me invaluable assistance. Upon arrival at Adis Abeba I wns met by the chief secretary of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, who accompanied me to the hotel, and on behalf of his chief, offered any assistance which I might need. While at the capital I was advised by the allied dip- lomatic representatives, upon whom I called to pay ray respects, that I should call upon the Prince Regent, Ras Tafari , even though I had no official business with the Abyssinian government. I did call with this understanding, ond was most cordially received by the Prince, He was greatly interested in the entry of the United States into the war on the side of the Allies, More detailed reference is made to this on page 10 of ray despatch No. 123 of November 24, 1917. I called also upon Dedjaz Mulugeta, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, to pay my respects ond to thank him for his offers of ossistance. He also was quite friendly and interested in the fact that I had come to gather commercial information for the United States governraent,y^cth the Prince and the Minister of Foreign Affairs referred to the fact that the United States had formerly had representatives at Adis Abeba r*»fc- ■*"■' ■ ^j - , .> JP « « ^-m %^m0»» -• CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY I^TWR ^wu»ir ANDERSON, STATE DEP^'" ^ , -4- ( Adis Abeba, and aaked why there wqb none at this time. During my stay in Adis Ababa the British Minister gave me a great deal of assistance in many ways. The representatives of France, Russia and Italy were also very kind in their offers of assist- ance. Throughout my visit to Abyssinia I was well received by the Abyssinian and foreign officials, as well as by the leading merchants, and was r^ble to obtain from many sources !?s much commercial informa- tion as was available. I found the Abyssinians parti- cularly interested in the fact that I was an American visitor. I have the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient se American Consul, File No. 030. rti. CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LBiri^ )F 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T By^y^f ... ,;^......^ DATEf^.^y /^ /f^^ I ^ ''••••^^^^^^rir^ CONSULATI Aden, Arabia, Novi tuviaiOM r*ni9 C SUBJECT: The Present Government of Abyeelnia and Notes on the Political Situation in that Coiintry. ^±.^- m ■'^ Ik sM FILE - C. E. S. The Honorable The Secretary of State, Washington ti Sir Mr- — o I have the honor to state that during my 00 recent visit to Abyssinia I obtained certain in- foimation relative to the government of that country, and the political situation, which is herewith sub- mitted as of possible interest to the Department. In the fall of 1916, the time of the deposi- tion of Prince LiJ Yasu, the grandson designated by the late Emperor Menelek as his successor, considerable difficulty was experienced by the ruling ministers and chiefs in agreeing upon a successor to the Prince. Rsts Tafari, a son of the late Has Makonen, was a strong claimant for the honor, but he was opposed by some members of the powerful Council of Ministers. This Council v.. I _-. - d.4. .^Jttm MttaMHMaiiii MiAl^illiJ i\ CLASSIFICATION CANCEIJJD AUMCJiJlTf OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STAT) TiY>^Y/ 4 ,^ /v^^y//^ D AT E j;.. A. /^ 10li0mfftf9W^lfllfmmm'm>mmm m ^m:., r« • 2- Council hod been the ruling power since the death of Menelek, and wished to have a nominal ruler who should not be strong enough to take away that power, Ras Tafari was strong enoiigh not to be ignored, but was not strong enough to force the Council to make him Emperor, As a comprcanise and to secure popular ap«» proval, Waizaro Zardito, a daughter of the late Menelek, was made Empress with Ras Tafari as Heir Apparent. The Queen has a following, but is not sufficiently influential to overrule the Council of Ministers. Ras Tafari wished to be made Prince Regent, and is commonly giren that title, but the Council of Ministers hove nerer actually made him more than Heir Apparent, because as Prince Regent he would possibly be able to dispute their own power. As matters now stand the governnent is car* ried on jointly by the three factions, that of Tafari, that of the Council of Ministers, and that of the Queen, in the order naned, Ras Tafari is the actual head of the government, although his acts are con- trolled to a certain extent by the other two factions. The Queen is kept more or less in seclusion, and is not permitted to come into contact with outside advice or influence. Consequently she is more or less of a figure-head. The balance of power is in the hands of the greater provincial chiefs, there being about eight of consequence, and the principal activity of each of the three factions seems to be to attempt to win over a majority of these chiefs. At present Ras Tafari, because ^"1 iiM i^^^tmm^mt^ '■» . \ -^ ipppppippiPlli! »■ 1^ "■ > . .^^^:^ iiitu -ii-iirrt^ II Jiiio I LASaHXATlbN CANCELID AUTHOHrrT FROMW.H. ANDERSON, STATE J^t-LJ^ »li^ M .^» -4- I r t i \ \ I r Minister of the Interior Minister of Agriculture Mayor of the Palace Dedjaz Woldo Todik Dedjaz Amdi AJaz Metafferia, The strongeet man at present in the Council of Ministers is the first one naned. The Bx-Minister for Finance, Bituaded Haile Giorgis, is credited with being the strongest and best man of the govern- ment class. He is at present in prison, having been accused by the Tafari faction of sympathy and plot- ting with Lij Yasu^ This action was made easier by the fact that he is married to a sister of Lij Yasu, It was predicted in Adie Abeba, however, that upon the return this month of the War !.Iinister from the Wollo Galla country, he will cause Bituaded Haile Giorgis to be liberated. The reason for this is not definitely known, but it is suspected that the War Minister desires thus to win the support of Haile Giorgis in his designs upon the governmental power. Due to his victory over Lij Yasu the War Minister i3 enjoying enhanced prestige at this time. Tho Ministers for Coramerce, Public Works, and Justice are suspected of being pro-German, and possibly sjrmpathetic to a certain extent with the deposed Prince Lij Yasu, This has not, however, been definitely shown. The Minister for Coramerce is said to be an unusually crafty individual. All other mem- bers of the Council would probably support Ras Tafari if he shows the strength to rule the country. As »»•( ^X %||pf«>MiaM«M|MiMMww LASSmCATION CANCELED AU™ORITILh^» FROM W. H. ANDBR80K, STATE DEP'T BY/;./'/.... ^^r//^^ DAT E^.A. /7, /9i ¥■ wmHUii i—»ii»Wii«wwu»«w«' ■«'■ ■ ■ i«i'*i»>'^«i»-»«-»«.'j^nn:i >|( »^ii H iiii' m #' •«T1 '■»«p»"»l I ■ -5- r Ab has already "been stated the balance of power is held "by the more powerful provincial chiefs. The following men ore of sufficient strength to influence affairs at Adis Abeba: KeeuB Woldo GiorgiB of Gondar Ras Kailu of Godjam Ras Seoum of Tigre Ras Guksa of Tigre Rns Wolye of Yedju ojid Last a Ras i.nssa of SollQli Dedjaz Balcha of Sidamo Ras Denisie of Wallega. All of the ebove ncmed chiefs except Rases Hailu, Guksa, nni Demisie, wlio are considered under the influence of the Minister of Commerce, are sup- posed to be supporters of Ras Tafari. They are in- fluential men of consideroble wealth, and with com- poratively large numbers of soldiers at their com- mand. They are strong enough that at present they poy little attention to the central government or to its orders. They keep order in their respective provinces and govern according to their own wills. Abyssinia is actually at present a collec* tion of semi-independent provinces or states. There is a central government, ns outlined, but its power is more nominal than real. The governmental eysttm in the country has always been feudal, but the central government is now said to hove less actual authority !!■ mt^aamm-ia^ %S. i . ^^^^^^^^|^^^^_g||| 1--T-H ^rmn^ — e-- > ■•••'•■^.H. .. . __ * ■—i^. .■■■"•» ^►^'^■■i v., • j:4 LA8SIF1CATIOK CANCBLBD i )F 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE I -6- • i ( J I i authority than at any time during the past twenty years. With the exception of the recent attempt of Prince LiJ Yaeu to regain the throne, discuseed in this Coneiilate's despatch No. 122 of Norember 23, 1917, there is no report of serioue disorder in the c unt ry. The hope of those resident foreigners in- terested in the country is that Ras Tafari, or some stronger man, will be ahle to secure the ruling power and accept foreign advisers with the idea of working out a properly centralized governmental system, which Abyssinia has never had^ It seems to be generally agreed by foreign officials and merchants in the country, that^/the Abyssinians alone will never be able to organize a government which will satisfactorily aid the proper economic development of their very rich country. This development does goes on slowly, however, notwithstanding adverse influences, and each year shows a growing export and import trade. The Abyssinian government has done little, if anything, to assist, but the very richness of the country is a sufficient force partially to overcome such obstacles. There are now in Adis Abeba Legations of England, France, Italy, Russia end Germany, and a Turkish Consulate. The allied notions appear to have a predominating influence with France first, Italy a probable second and England third. It is difficult to decide definitely whether England or Italy should rank second. The Geimans are particularly active and use TV- I, t , 1 I ^ ^pp*p«i mm^mmm ^Jmi^ li m^^^mm LASSIFKATION CANCBLBD AUTHORITT OF 1-8-58 FROM W.H. ANDBR80K, STATE DKP'T ^m%*mn ■ m ^fmm^^^m>' -7- U8« erery effort to erabaraBS the present Abyssinian government, which favors the Alliee, It is reported in Adis Aheba that being urged by the allied repre- sontatives, Has Tafari has considered the deportation of the Turkish and Qeznan representatives, together with their nationals, on the ground that their activity in the cause of the deposed Prince Lij Yasu has been shown. No definite action has been taken. There are about Q dozen German and Austrian subjects in Adis Abeba, and under direction of the Geiman Minister it h?.8 been possible to accomplish a great deal of poli- tical intrigue. Communication with Geiman forces in Sast Africa and with the Tuikish forces in the Yemen has be«<}n successfully attempted in some instcmcee. The most recent attempt, which was frustrated, re- sulted in the capture by Trench forces In French Scnallland of one Gexman and one Austrian, who were ostensibly Journeying from Adis Abeba with despatches which they were to carry across to Arabia and thence to Berlin. These men, with a small party of native soldiers, were located near the Abyssinian border, about ninety kilometers froa Djibouti, and were cap- tured after a short fight. The two Buropean prisoners were taken to Djibouti and are soon to be court martlaled. An attempt was made to turn this Incident into an embarasslng situation for the French govern- ment. The Geman representative in Adis Abeba made an '*, "'-■■■' -■ ■ ... ,^.„. ^^ .... .,„.._.—, ...J^_A-.... ■ . ■^.■.■^■^.^- <:LA88IF]CA11QN CANCKLBD AUTHORITI LBTTA >F 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE ~ ^-^jj ^fL^. yo^^n^ D ATEj^.A. /^ / -8- ( f I I an energetic claim to the Abyssinian govemnent that the French had taken the two men prleonere on Abys- sinian territory. The fact that the capture was made ▼ery near the boundary line was of assistance to the Geman Minister In his effort to Inyolre the two governments. It Is understood that the Abysslnlans were at first much Inclined to take the matter up energetically, but It Is now xmderstood that the French goTemnent will be able to show to the satis- faction of the Abyssinian goTerment , that the cap- ture was made on the proper side of the boundary. Although the average Abyssinian official pays little attention to foreigners of any nationality, the Gexnan has a certain advantage In gaining a sympa- thetic hearing for his representations. The Abysslnlans consider themselves first and foremost as a military nation, and the reputation of Germany in that respect inspires in them as much admiration or respect for Germans as they are apt to feel for any Europeans. As a consequence some Abysslnlane are Inclined to give favorable consideration to the Germans, if they can do so without danger of being found out by the re- presentatives of the allied powers. To offset this the allied representatives are able to combine their influence while the German necessarily stands alone, except for the support of the Turkish consular re- presentative. Foreign officials in Adls Abeba are discussing r the '•V ^: » 1^ I "^pr •pp"'^"" " w ' "• '■f'v'ii'' ",f.vm' ,'"" 'T CLAS8IF1CATIQK CANCILKD AU'IHURITJ FROMW.H. ANDBRSON, STATE MMH«MNNMM«*am>*«Kaw»<>«r < i,— < i ii<<|p»»^i»»r»«»»i—»— AOTBOOTTT OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDBRSON, STATE DEP'T DATE -11- If are act ire in the commerce of the coiintry, and hare the faculty of ingratiating themselyeB with the Abyssinian officials to the extent that one is the legal adriser to the goTernment, another Director of the Mint, another Collector of Customs at Dire Dawa, and others are in minor official positions, French influence has undoubtedly profited. In like manner some benefits may be derired f^om the situation by HuBSia, althox;igh that country opparently has at present neither definite political nor commercial interests in Abyssinia. The present Russian representa- tire in Adis Abeba is a Charge d* Affaires. Smmarizing, it may be said that the present central government in Abyssinia is weak and awaits the strong man who will be able to take orer the power and bring the important and influential provincial chiefs under control. It is possible that Ras Tafari will be able to do this. If he is not able to do so, it is predicted that either the Minister of War, Fituarari Hapta Giorgis, or Bituaded Haile Giorgis, now in prison, may possibly succeed in becoming the ruler of the country. Due to the feudal organization, and the respect of the Abyssinians for their superior officers, law and order in the country prevail in the usual degree, despite the lack of authority of the central government. Foreign officials in Adis Abeba, who have closely observed the trend of political events, are of the opinion that there will be no important disturbances in the country, but that any chfijige i. . ■ Ji ■■i» m» ' ■ « fci I" . X .. ta^m^^tg^ammmmimam^mt ■^■I»l- CLASSIFICATION CANCBLBD AUTBORfTT '.liktmt. OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T ■::££. -12- ^ . ^ 1 1 » r« i « < i — • ■■■ I - *— chonge of power will come about quietly. The only violent element in the political situation eeeme to hare been the deposed Prince LiJ Yaeu. and it ie now accepted that he has been eliminated bo far ae hie ability to cause any serious trouble is con- cerned. There is actire German intrigue but this is not expected to be successful in creating any im- portant disturbances, I have the honor to be, Sir Your obedient senra American Consul, Pile Ko, 800. • r ■» w^Kf^m CLASSIFICATIQN CANCBLED AUTHORITY LETTllI OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T :>-»»■■=<» •-..^ .M llW Wg l rM «. '^mMMJLAII MAR 23 1918 .1 .;*.t CONSULA Aden, Arabia, c Subject: xh« Hesent Attempt of the Deposed Ab^Bsinlan Prince Lij Yasu to Regain Hie Throne. J. JAI! 2 :: 1918 F1L£ - C. E. S. The Honorable ». > The Secretary or State, Washington Sir: I have the honor to refer to this Consulate's despatches nuDl>ers 104 and 108 of September 1 and 12, ^1917, respectirely, relative to the reported capture of Prince LiJ Ta.su by Abyssinian government troops and to n latter riaaor that he had escaped. During m}" recent visit to Abyssinia I made inquiries relative to this matter and obtained verbally the following Infomation from both official and semi- official sources. In October, 1916, shortly after the political disturbances in Abyssinia referred to in this Con- - sulate*s despatch ITo. 14 of Hovenber 28, 1916, which occurred in connection with the deposition of Prince >■ ^s^SJ^^Ks^jwHwe mj — ^WjM P mmm% Bffi ^ ' ' ■ --^ ■'-■'- ■■■ u « a"- - '■'- ■' -*- -■■-* ■■•' ""■■■ -^ ■■-■ —- --^. 'ril I ■■ iiirJB'ir' 'lit m n •& mmmmmmw^'*''*^' LASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORTTY I^T f 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEI ■*'■•,' ■•{•iP^I»-,»f.;.'f ■naaMMMaaH^MPIMM -2- LiJ Ya0u as ruler of Abyssinia, the father of the k 'X Frlnoe, Ras Mikael of Wollo Galla province, raised an axmy and marched against Adis Abeha for the pur- pose of restoring his son to the throne. He came from the north and meeting a govexnnent amy sent to stop ' him, defeated it. He then rested before continuing his march on the capital, and this opportunity was improved to obtain reinforcements from Adis Abeba for the government army. Another battle then occurred in which Ras Mikael* s forces were badly defeated and he himself was taken prisoner. There seems to be no doubt but that Ras Mikael would have reached and captured Adis Abeba and the government power had he continued his march after the first battle in which he defeated the government troops. The son, Prince Lij Yasu, was not present et either of these battles fought by his father and so escaped capture at that time. Since October of last year the Prince has been among the Mohammedan Abys- sinian subjects in and around the vicinity of Dessie in north-eastern Abyssinia, organizing forces for the purpose of attempting to regain his lost throne. During the siamer of the present year he was at Magdala with a large but poorly aimed force. Govern- ment troops under command of the Abyssinian war minister, Fituarari Hapta Giorgis, went north from Adis Abeba to meet him. A battle was fought on or about August 27, 1917, in which the forces of LiJ Yasu were completely routed. About 50,000 men in all were engaged in this ; T \ ^ ^ . LASSIFICATIQN CANCE1J5D AUTHORITY UST ANDERSON, ipL- — 1 ^^-j i-"ii^ <<■■!■ 11)1 "■■•■ r*i*i>p>' "flwV"^ TIW" ' W^"* '■■1"I* '"■•W '■»! "^jfw; '-. 'I .<( -3- battle. The Frlnoe hlaself watched the fight from a dietanoe and when he saw the probable result made his escape Into the Dtmkali country to the east of 4-' - •' ' * ■' Bessie, where he is now supposed to he; Owing to the Abyssinian custom of keeping all military and politi- / ca^ erents as obscure as possible, there still exist v.; many runors to the effect that he was killed or cap- tured; but the presmably authentic infezmation which I obtained at Adis Abeba definitely indicates that he escaped during the battle, and is now again with his supporters mong the saTage Dunkalis in the desert country between Bessie and Assab on the Bed Sea coast. Assab is a port in Italian Eritrea^ It is a generally accepted belief in Adis - ^ > ■ ■■ 4 Abeba that Lij Tasu has reoeiTed adTice and assistance . • I • . through the German eind Turkish representatiTes in the Al}y88lnian capital. A f«w months before the battle A. . i.V «r Aj herein referred to, two Gemans were reported to haye t- ' ^. crossed frosi Sheikh Said in the Tenen to the Trench protectorate of Obokh. When this became known, the ' ' Sultan of Obokh was arrested by the French authorities and taken to BJibouti, but was later returned to his district. He was reprimanded for haring allowed the Germans to land and pass through his district en route J to Abyssinia, but his excuse was that he did not know « their nationality and inaanuch as they talked kindly ^ to him and gaTe him a present of Snglieh and Turkish gold pieces, he saw no reason to molest i'-^\'»: ' I ■» li^' 53 ;- rr then. There <* tttUkfmfomnmt SSI ■'■' ■ '■ ••^■i , ! i mf^ tio I. ''1 ^^■M '^ mmm m mmmm^ m-'- -4- CLASSIFICATIOK CANCELED AUTHORITt I^TI OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEI By/^j^M.^.yo..y.^ DATE^.A. /r, /^6; »i»*4n^K>4 4 ••' There are ^arioue etoriea ae to the methode ■mf'-' ■fT, ' '« •■ "»^.- '♦ ■'./"•• *.l and objects of the Qexman and Turkish Intrigxae in ,» t Abyssinia, out of whioh may be established the certain- r- ty that Lij Yasu was entirely under their influence, and that they used this influence to cause political { disturbances in the country for the purpose of embara sing in every possible way the present pro-ally Abys- /' sinian GoTernment ,* and thus indirectly prejudicing "^ . " » • { England \T'. ■;• generally understood that Lij 7asu*s turn to Hoharn- f\ medaniu, which resulted in the revolt of the r ♦ • rr Christians and his deposition^ was entirely due to r Geiman and Turkish influences. So long as Prince Lij Yaeu remains alive and at liberty there will, in the opinion of foreign "( officials at Adis Abeba, be political unrest in the country. His power i& considered broken after the ¥ t defeat of this second attempt to regain the throne , '- re . , but there are still sone of the Hohommedan el«Dent • -♦ in the country who would support him. It is said that i % (■ u •* he now has no definite support from any of the ruling 4 .• A • 4. ' ^A ;^- and Chrletian claeses of Ab/SBinlans. <* '.' 4 T The Ifollo Oalla province, which was the domain of Ras Hikael, is mainly UohsBDmedan , and has been the principal stronghold of the Prince. It is a very large and populous province and is rich agrieul- turally. At the time of the defeat of Ras Mikael in ^ -m -'7^ V October, 1916, the government did not punish the ▼ •- » •^» T- -^r J < * I' Wollo Galla people in the usual manner, but left them 4t 9 V s^ '^ « practically Cim^S^KHp^w CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LET ^^^ ANDERSON, STATE DEI B'X//// M.^. ^^vyy.zi' DATE/^.^.. n /9(^; ??ws»*»r?r'WiW!f*' -f^mmc-'' 4 '« W-' ' » € -J- »i_ *' practicallj unmolested after the capture of their .K •■ ^ ■ Ras. The foreign officiale in Adie Abe'ba eay that this was a mistake, and left the way open to Lij Taeu to organize the conparatlTely powerful aoTe- > T--, •, 4? T.V aent whjoh resulted in the battle of August 27, 1917. After the battle in August the goTernment troops under Fltuarari Hapta Giorgls proceeded to ,-> • j-^ ;^^ •• >i -■ f\i) punish the Wollo Galla people, by killing great t'\ • « .1- I ■ -^r - ■ „-' •- ^ >.•"••>« ^»r -■.■.! nuabers of them, regardless of sex, age or condi- * a •• V T V. tion, and derastating the country. From August until . ■ ■ ' * ■ « ■ " - the middle of October this work of punishment is re* ■ f ported to have continued. At the time of my risit to Adis Abeba in the latter part of October, 1917, the »> , -J .. • " Fitioarari was daily expected to return to Adis Abeba « .'■iV with hie Tictorious azmy which would celebrate its triumph in the capital. His Excellency the British Minister in Adis Abeba, told me that he had been in- fo med that the punishment meted out to the Yollo Galla people was extremely seyere, and that large tracts of that fertile prorince had been deyastated. It was his opinion that this punishment would ■ - , ■ "^ ■ ' '» ft effectually discourage the remaining people in the prorince from supporting any further more which might be taken by the Prince. 4 , t f • J -■ • It would seem, therefore, that although the • \ ' - _ Prince is still at large and may keep al ire a certain amoimt of political unrest, he will not be able 4, ■ '_ seriously to threaten the power of the gorernment. v?" t arding complete 1 A' M. . mm m ^i}y.m t^mm^iiaauiimmmUmk HttiiaiiBaaaMihi CLASSIFlCATiaK CANCELED AUTHORITY I^T 3F 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DE BY/.y//i.^A.>...z^ DATE^.^^. /^_/f6, «'«3l«!»«■■■ i ■ authority and stability most conduoiye to the actire deYeloinent of the considerable economio resources of Abyssinia/ which was beginning to receive atten- tion under the late Snperor ICenelek. The present organisation of the Abyssinian ■I goTernment end further comments on the political situation in the country are discussed in despatch No. 123 of Noyember 24, 1917. I hare the honor to be, Sir, {V ^ Your obedient serrant. American Consul. '. Pile No. 800. '4 <" C^ ..ftM^tf^l* . — -^. .J. r -..>- I j-i,,, . . .-„ 11,^1 I Jli- r-^f--, -Till •t«M* li • v\* 0^' *• » ( CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHOWriTLBTT|m OFl-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T BY//./^.... ^L/..z^ DATE/^,/^, /^ /9^^ N©;-'^164. 1 -» ad AMERICAN CON ^ * \oe.'-^--:- . r-^.t^^ \ Aden, Arabia, M Political Situation in Abyseinia, The Honorable The Secretary of State, ^MLS m Washington. • CL^ Sir I have the honor to refer to this Consulate* despatch Uo. 123 of November 24, 1917, relative to "^e political situation in Abyssinia; and to state that ifti a recent cominunication from a correspondent in Adis ^^^ Abeba I am informed that there is a great deal of rumor in that capital as to growing differences between Ras Tafari and the Council of Ministers, who represent two of the three factions at present controlling the Abys- sinian government. These rumored differences are understood to be mainly concerned with the apportioning or governing of the various fiefs or provinces which make up the Abys- sinian kingdom; each faction naturally desiring to have its own supporters hold the most important fiefs. Some fighting between rival chiefs in the northern provinces has been reported; but Ras Tafari is thought to be disinclined to lead an axmy to quell these disturbances for the reason that he cannot, with safety to ; V 1 ^m^-' ^^^''wj «•>: X'f^--' FlUnf W.H. ANIMBIUKXI, 8TATB DBl HWlpWi 'f ^- ' »T^*T^^^^ ' to his own position, Itars ths Council of Ministers in unrestrictsd control at Adis Abeba, There are no reports that the followers of the deposed Prinoe LiJ Tasu hare been able to make any further trouble. '•« r a. I have the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient servant * American Consul, File 9o. 800. 1 = »<«- ^ m < ■ ■ »■» y-.ijiLi^. ^ ^} \ p \ \ \ \\ ( « /'a No. 161. ■i. J •? CLA8SIF1CATIQN CANCELED AUTHORITY V. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP' BTJ//y//i^._ ..^^,^.^:^,,^^DATE^,^^, /^ /f^^ _j»iJ,JA«M* T- A, AMERICAN cof^siuotre; Aden, Arab lU of £>tdte MAY 2- 1918 a, March 12, 1 $UBJECT: Death of Former BtapreeB of Abysainla. r The Honorable Sir: The Secretary of State. Washington.^ ^A. Jl;,\ { ^) 1018 nuE-aE. s. I have the honor to state that I have rece been Informed by a correspondent In Adle Abeba that ^ o > Taitou, former ESmpress of Abyssinia and widow of the Emperor Menelek, died in the palace at Entotto on 09 February 11, 1918. The Empress Taitou has been nominal- / ly a political prisoner at that place for the past eighteen months. She is said to have been a very able woman and to have had great influence in Abyssinian politics^ the latter having caused the present ad- ministration of the country to hold her practically a prisoner at Entotto. I have the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient serv \ American Consul, File No. 800,1. . ■ah ^. i*« » .. ♦» * »-. k^LASSmCATIQK CANCBLID AUTHORTrr LlTTift OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T mmmmmmmmr'''''''Tr»r:^. i»-.'» ". — . t I » ■ k ..\^ No. 173. » ^U AMERICAN CONSULATE. ?- P V ^ ^ ■ •- Aden, Arabia, Apr c The Political Situation i D«partm«nt of 6, 1918. MAY 2 8 191 0«W«i<0« Of The Honorable ^r^ The Secretary of State, Washington. Sir I have the honor to refer to this Consulate despatch No. 164 of March 14, 1918, relative to the political situation in Abyssinia, and In continuation thereof to submit the following information. I aim informed hy a correspondent in Adis Abeba that the death of the Negus Woldo Giorgis of Gondar was C announced on March 21, 1913. This chief was one of the .^' ts most influential of the Abyssinian provincial rulers. During the latter part of March the government buildings in Adis Abeba were surrounded by the large number of soldiers which recently returned from the campaign against Prince Lij Yasu in the Wollo Galla country. These soldiers demanded from the Queen, Has Taffari, and Fituararl Hapta Giorgis (Minister of War and Chief General of the Abyssinian armies) the dismis- sal and arrest of the various Ministers of the govern- ment. The Ministers are accused by the army of robbing the government and the people. The Ministers have been arrested, but the soldiers are reported as not yet satisfied / ■ * ^«Br,.'i>) f%M../^i«. No. 209 . 1/ ^' " « :^l^ AMERICAN CONSULATE. Aden, Ara"bia, October 9, 1918 Subject: Political Situation in A^byssinia. The Honorable The Secretary of Washington. Sir: I have the honor to refer to despatch No, 178, dated April 6, 1913, and to inform the Department th^t a correspondent has advised that no important events have occurred in A'byssinia since that time. There was a movement against the Crown Princk, '>^ who is in full charge of the Government, hut His High- ness has been ahle to control the situation and actual- ly sain benefits from it. What the movement was the correspondent does not say and only the preceding vague details have been received. The charge of the Foreign Office has been as- (nd sumed by Ras Tafari. Kantiba Wosein, former Abyssinian ^^ Consul at Asmara, has been made Mayor of Adi s Abeba and his rule is generally appreciated by foreigners and natives. These two officials are respected and they are making every effort to improve the condition of the people and country in a progressive manner, although meeting with every possible opposition from the older officials and statesmen. ■«M ''••■* - ^*' -!;**?>'■'•> •' ■> '\i^**^'' DAT»/>^. /^ / 'i:fflt>' M--^: ■! ^, '., ' Mv'f*'; -2- I ha7« the honor to bo, sir. Your obodiont sorriuit. File Ho. 800. ice-Contul, 1 .■ ■ ■■*■ ^m 'fy ~ ■i' 1^- ^>: ^■S?: m • « » •» • xV-- •1 V .' • .' 1. •r *■ "-T " ■. ^'' • -itl T*' i f- » ,' n . 4-* J ^' 1 ■ > ^i. A t?: I' ti;^ ^■*;^' >-^-. r i •1 AUTHORITT LETTER TMmou wX aIS)Erson state DEP'T T 1 |H|||H|H||H||^HHp|HHHpHH[|BhB9^ • Nstntw KEXJim vBax / -V. ... / . From I >• I • '.» d: v:\% pior i i I ! «4 v'l'^r, ^-jt t«, f p m n»i}«ri»c #»«■ ikiir**' •ad , ft , » , ■ - ■ y M Xjit iliUlii iMiini liiM I I iin Hill IM Um ''niMiwn Hii • ^• ./»' \ 4 »>> — "-^ .. 1 r--i — ■i^y.-^ 't^ ' ■» » . at ^kA^k^k^MlA CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTEI OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T BY I . i I < DATE / / N ^ »** ^ -^ y* «-»^ -» L. i y j y TELEGlRAM SENT. PREPARING OFFICE WILL INDICATE WHETHER ^♦^ lect Charge Department \ OR Charge to $ Department of Stat^^ r c^^ oW^*" iJecerabe ir 2 8, \L918. I \/^^ f'v^C ' \( AaiMission 6^(0 Paris, Confidential/ .- 1 ^.. Followirig telegrams received . from i'l/ I. D. Q"uote Uo. 114, I^ece::iber 24, 4 p^m. ' Rumor of rloslem diBti^PLj r'lnce / f in ' AbysBiiii.Ht BrltiLh trooiDS are beiiig L^ei.t, thou.-"}! detfiils / ; ■ ■ / are not yet ' av^.ilable, Sipr^ed i^rev/^tcr. ui.ouute.i ,;i I \ I r^nfflrjj'id ■ that th is' cour;trv i.;hould >ilt;o uc o o:. tr ol _l ed o,/ :iritit;h Siff]-,ed Brewster. Unouc)tc.| Garr#l», Constil at AleaandrUi has b««ii instmctad confer witl^ Brevster jand jprocaad inaiadiately to Al ./ Dcpartznent inf^na^dV NO Bncfpb\r6d bj ^ Sent by operator Af., ,191 /.c t i np ^^ c ere tar y . CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T "S Vu.Ua... Aaxj.u^ DAT E^,/ /7 /i(oZ. **-»?• ^■»^«rry OF 0TATB ^>^ r-. The Assistant Sxx^rbtart MCMORANDUM .1 .f A' l', ^«i"l^ I • . ' ? *■' I {• 0««. 3T,St .7: ^!yt.^5>l^c-4^^--^ /^ mh /^^ •>» •^1*- .-r thai th«y olifii krol is^ ■jft I -V - kll« art is AiiMUIa this aomtry -.•■ .^• ,-^ . ' % »- • RCW8T£R. "5* OO ko« j .\ 1 s V ONFtnmntlAlr COPIES TO: ^/•fat^f. W.P.D. StmUlhpL -vnu i M. I. i. Map R^om 0. C. of S. V .J . . ._^„.. J^k*. 4 I ^ '^ ' O' /r .••4/ r -. >*,/ ,# x*' 'r* !• £f CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LE* OF 1- 8- 58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE Dl X ;i^ B y/^yyM..^ A • *# W'-^VfJ- "frn*^ #4^ '^»<¥' i^WiM^' .•»•: ■.■>( f ■■(■ \'V sjrti..' "^^ DATE >/4. / ? //4 '. ,;icv#'> >..'■ ■'T"! ¥ WAR DKPAIITMENT OPFICB OF TNS CNIIF OF OTAFF MIUTililY IMTKLUOINCB DIVIMPN ^ % % .>.-*s ■ir'" ?o \ v^ V -^i- \ •-- vaiblnfton, D« C« ^•f •niif to «F iolHPran 114* lUaMrs •ro miTMi that U* prMMt trMlilM Im A^fniaia tot* ^ota ^rouilht a^iii \ii VtL% Britiili im •r4sr VUX thoy slgli ^ itk« ormr ili« coaAii7» iflMrt It Is rtportoi Um iriiiiii A#dr«lty lM¥o r««#»tljr 4i0««T«r«4 -r- N t r AIM as tho ao w rsts af tlM HI* vt% in A^jwiUla it it Ttnr ••••Ktiai far CaglaM tluit this aovatry Bhottld alio \% a«atrall«4 bj Biitiili* f iRCWSTCR. / oo I Icai 1? ».VJ - •<.-. ^IBMlTTtAIr COPIES TO: •f8»9^ W.P.D. SUUlhfL M. I. i. Mmp AMfn 0. C. •/ & 1 V: • • »-» / ■-•— ■* Washington, Sir I have the honor to forward herewith, in dupli'+s^N -Si cate, my confidential despatches Nos^ 265, 266, 267, \ and 268, of April 20, 21, 22, and 23, 1919, respect ivel3M- A triplicate copy will be forwarded on the next mail^ A copy of each these deepatches is being for- warded directly to Mr. George Louis Beers, of the Ameri- can Peace Coioinission at Paris, in accordance with his verbal request made of me during the first week in February, when I reported to the Secretary of State in Paris as directed by the Department's instruction of Jan.uary 21, 1919, and was later instructed by the office of the Secretary of State to report to Itr. Beers on the Abyssinian question. o - I .t I have the honor to be, Sir, Enclosures; A8 stated above. You,r obedient servani American Consul, File No. 800. *^-> •M^li^ riHMMMHHMHMHill ^^^^MMMHMBiiMiiMlllHBMMM mmmmmimm «•*•*-»..-. s mmm ip CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITT LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T ^mrtmm t t A- -2- ^ / 1. f 'J i I >. leaders of the seyeral parties concerned in the over- throw of this Prince. Waizaro Zeodita, a daui^ter of the late Emperor Ifenelek, was made the nominal ruler with the title of (^ueen of Abyssinia; and Has Tafari, a son of the late and well known Ras Makonnen, was made the actual ruler with the title of Prince Regent, Ras Tafari is understood to be a grand-nephew of the late Iteperor Henelekj although some infoxmed people believe that the degree of relationship differs in that the father of Ras Tafari was a cousin and not a nephew of Menelek, Howerer that may be the present Prince Regent is a member of the Royal fsmily and was related to the late Emperor Menelek. In addition to the Q,ueen and the Prince Regent there is a third leader known as the Fituarari Hapta Glorgis, who is at present the Minister of War of the Abyssinian government. His faction is largely ccnposed of the military elanent. When these three leaders and their factions came into power in 1916 they were assisted by a Council of Ministers made up of the leading men of other and less powerful Abys- sinlGJi factions. The Council of Ministers was very powerful, and was able to control affairs at Adis Abeba by the simple method of favoring, according to circun stances, one or the other of the triumvirate consisting of the i^ueen, the Prince Regent, and the Fituarari. Of the three leaders the Prince Regent ^^ seems to be the only one sufficiently strong to take any initiative in govemnental matters; but the Q^ueen and t \ \ *vV" ■^^■y^B^B^k^i&Ai.^^ ^ — ^^ — ^f ^^ ^ ^ W ^^ l»V^ V w • ^ ^ ■ LED AUTHORITY ANDERSON, STAT] DATE 'Jt^fy /^ //^-^ / i r t .3. and th« Vltuarari hare bean able to obstruct many of the plans initiated by hiB« The Council of Minieters used its power Iflirgely in obstructing any plan which did not promise personal profit to its Besibers, The Council grew bolder and bolder, and it beosae practically impossible for either Abysslnians or foreigners to approach the heads of the goTernment on any matter without first distributing considerable suns of money to the rarious ministers. The dissatisfaction of the people with this system dereloped to the extent that Ras Tafari was able in March, 1917, to bring about a demonstration by the military party, nAiich resulted in the arrest and dia&issal of all the Uinisters excepting the power- ful Fituarari, Minister of War, The following is a list of the members of the Council of Ministers who were dianissed and arrested: Bituaded Haile Giorgis, Prime Minister; ^Dedjazmatoh Mulugeta, Minister of Poreign Affairs; Dedjauoatch Iguzu, Minister of Cossaerce and finance; Afanegus Telahoun, Minister of Justice; Dedjazmateh Woldo Tadik, Minister of the Interior; Oaniasmatch Bayena» Minister of Public Works ; Oeoiiazmatch Afawork, Minister of the Great Seal; AJ * ■■ » »-•--•' ^.St^ ^ - CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTUORITI LETTlP OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEPT >> y» ,w ^ ,,,.^,^^^._, , „ i,,,, ,, ,^ ■,«~-i i m . i« nr i ' »« » i .;»,, ,.■■■■■■■. .KM. i_i.m lii.i—iumpwijwwi^' Ltv C n -4- AJaz Ifetafferla, IClnlstor of the Palace, With the exception of the Prime Minister, mho Is held in prison in Harrar at the order of Has Tafari, all of these men were returned to their homes in the provinces and are permitted full liberty of movement excepting the^t they may not come to Adls Abeba, They are all Amharans or Shoane, Upon the dianissal of the corrupt Council of Ministers it was thought that the three leaders hold- ing the goyernnent would perhaps be willing and able to improve the corrupt condition into which Abyssinian governmental affairs had in general fallen; and to strengthen the authority and power of the central government which, since the death of Menelek, had seemed steadily to grow weaker. The practice of bribery, or "backsheesh", has been somewhat restricted, and it is now possible for those having legitimate business to approach the heads of the government with- out paying their way through a Council of grafting Ministers; but the situation is still far from toler- able from the European view point at least. Ras Taf ari , the Prince Regent, is actually the ruler of the country, but his limited efforts for reform and for strengthen- ing the authority and power of the central governiLent have been blocked by the (),ueen and the Fituarari and their respective parties. There is also the elanent of passive resistance to an extension of the power of the central government in the provinces, by the » ^-' dianissed Ministers. He it her -s. ^ ^^m^^i^m^mm^^mt^imi *'pm.m^wmmv ' ■ ' ' W* m mtmttmmmtm^ a#%.».^. , ■ v**"'""*'*M*'*^l ■^"■^ " I JP P ■" "•iPipi^P"^ ■^ « ■• ililipW" CLAS8IFICATT0N CANCELED AUTHORITT OF 1-5-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T ;_«»:wwr ^'^-^ :t-*J' — «"•»•• c a -5- t Neither the Pituararl nor the (^ueen sympa- thizee with Has Tafari's more progresBlve ideas, but if he could win over the Fituarari it might he pos- sible to create a much stronger central goyernment. The Pituarari is, unfortunately, decidedly conser- ratiye and a belieyer in the old feudal ways. He is the leader of the military faction and can comnand the obedience of a majority of the amy. He, unlike the Q,ueen and Ras Tafari, is not a member of the Royal family, but is a Christian Oalla, and is not an educated man. The Gallas are one of the subject races of the Abyssinians, are mostly Mohammedana, - ^ and are actually in a state of serfdom as the cultl- yatora of the land for the benefit of their Abya- ainian masters. That the ?ituarari was able to rise to a leading position in Abyssinian affairs, although a Galla, will indicate his great natural ability. He first made his reputation as a leader of Galla troops in the campaigns of the late Xmperor Menelek, This man would probably oppose with all his power any attempt to refozm the intolerable state of political and general economic conditions in Abysainia. The mmmn>*m '•*"•.-..•.. .....^«. ,-».»..«•«<-• 1' /'•*»«'« CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITT LETTitt^ 3F 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T '■*j^i--fma-»" f <^ t » V i f ^ -..^-'-■■» -6- great asset to any goyernmental leader. The (^ueen is naturally conseryatiTe and opposed to refoms» but she ml£^t possibly be persuaded to take another view- point, irtiich would not be possible with the stronger- minded Fituarari, Has Tafari is a man under thirty, apparently quite intelligent, and is reputed to have an apprecia- tion of Europeans and of European ways. As a youth he had a French tutor and is one of the few Abyssinians who speak French, or any foreign language for that matter. He seems to a limited extent to realise that reforms are needed in Abyssinia, but apparently lacks the power of decision necessaxy to initiate and push policies of refoxn against his powerful and oonserya- tiye associates in the control of the central govern- ment. Two other influential leaders to be reckoned with in the present Abyssinian political situation are Ras Kassa and Ras Hailu. The first-naned is a member of the Royal family and spends much time with Ras Tafari, who accepts from him much advice which he seems to value greatly, Ras Kassa is an elderly man who has been to Europe and who could probably be brought to sympathize with a movement for the refoxn- ing of the present intolerable conditions in Abyssinia, Ras Hailu is King of Oodjam, a rich province in the west. He exercises in his own province a feudal power that is absolute, and it is said that his government is stronger at present than that of any other of the provinces <'. « • . "• CLA8SIF1CATIQK CANCELED AUTHQRITT LETRI^ FROMW.H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T •"HHW^BWj^.'i V' c <1 -7- provinoes making up the Abyssinian empire. He is, naturally, a conservative, "but is also a very Intel- ligent man and one who might fall in with the idea of limited reforms if he saw that such a movement would be strong enough to win. He is more or less neutral in his relations with, or support of, the triumvirate at Adis Abeba. In the foregoing paragraphs I have referred in detail to the more prominent Abyssinians to be reckoned with in considering refozns for that country. Raa Tafari, the Prince Regent, granted me one foimal Interview and invited me once to dine with him. On 1 the latter occasion there were present only the Prince, Ras Kassa, an interpreter, and myself. After the din- ner all servants and attendants were dismissed, as they are the people who carry to the foreign legations and other outsiders an account of all that is said and done in the palace. The Prince then discussed with me freely and in some detail various phases of the Abys- sinian situation. He admitted the impotency of the central government; his feeurs of European intervention; and a realization of the need for reforms. He spoke, with what seemed to me undoubted sincerity, of his admiration and appreciation of President Wilson and his policies, including the fourteen points, and of his ideas in general for readjusting world affairs; and asked me if I thought that President Wilson (meaning the United States government) would be willing to assist Abyssinia in so arranging its affairs that the ^atmt^ ^MMikk ""■ -— **• '^■■^- ■ W ' *"W .'J «vi«*<««M*MMWH|immaK»«4M CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHOWrr DF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DBF' ''*'*'*'*fl"n"TiiiBj«ijiitiriBWwrTtTffTniTnilti I "■"- wp»^»-»' ■ ^ir»i k^. c f, -8- I I ^ V" the country might be free from the menace of inter- vention by the three Suropean powers most interested in this part of the worlds I replied that I had no authority to discuss that question, but that ^ possibly the United States goyernment would be willing to con- sider requests for advice from the Abyssinian govern- ment« The Prince then asked my advice as to sending an Atyssinian mission to the Peace Conference, I replied that this also was a question upon which I could give no definite advice nor could I, in reply to his further question, say whether or not an Abyssinian mission would be received by President Wilson if he should be in Paris at the time of its arrival. The Prince then asked me to telegraph the Department of State asking if it would advise the Abyssinian government as to the desirability of sending a mission to Paris; and this I have done in my telegraphic despatch of April 14, 10:00 A.M., 1919. I did suggest to His Highness that if a mission was to go that it should be com- posed of men of high rank and with authority to act for the Abyssinian governnent, and that it would seem desirable that even he, the Prince, should go. Has Tafari would very much like to visit Europe but is afraid, and with reason, that if he left the country his throne and property would be seised by seme one of the majiy leaders who covet his place as nominal rulor of Abyssinia, It would be a great benefit to his country if the Prince could visit Europe, as he would see and learn many things which would \ ><* «aB««Uhi^n -»•-• «•■> 4. *.' ■^Miri^BMMa MMi^M^tfaMIMMMliilii MWiMlftik mM jfk^gL ■ w ii u iiiii wii i iw iiww^iiipwiiawifwwi^wiiw. f w ■pp ^W«fPPP(l"PP^P**»^ "»F " CLA88IF1CATIQK CANCELED AUTHORITT OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T m/ijJL^ ^ -^ DATE^.A. n /9(^^ C) -9- c would aid him much in his apparent desire to giTe Abyssinia a more enlightened and progressiye govern- ment, I inquired as to the exact purpose for which a mission would be sent, and received no more definite s reply than that a mission, if sent, would congratu- late the Allies and the United States upon the win- ning of the war, and would in a general way make such representation of Abyssinian interests as might seem necessary. I asked the Prince whether, in view of the possible intention of the European powers interested to demand reforms in the Abyssinian goTernment, there had been considered by the Abyssinian themselves any changes to meet such possible demands; and whether the Abyssinieui government had considered the calling in of foreign, advisers. He said that while he personal- ly had considered reforms and the calling in of foreign advisers, he did not feel that the Abyssinian govorn- ment as a whole was convinced that this was necessary. At his request as to examples of the good which might be done by foreign advisers in a gcvernnent, I men- tioned briefly the very great benefits which it seemed to me had been obtained by Japan from its foreign advisers; and I also discussed the Shuster plan for Persia, which seemed to me one which might work well in Abyssinia if the Abyssinians sincerely Wanted reforms, I also explained to the Prince the great work accomplished by America in Cuba and in the Philippines, emphasizing, however, that I was not • '^■' .*-^^' ■kSi": ^ .. • ■ ' —- . - - -■ .^— »«- '---■^ CLA8SIF1CATIQK CANCELXD AUTHORTTY OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T BVjJ/PI.^Aaj^jj.zj^ DAT E j^. a. /7. /9(^Z. %'"■*'■ -^ r (; -10- fi r I r \ not telling him this to convince him that only Ameri- 06018 could do such work, but that being an American I felt that I knew better of the things which they had done« I especially refrained from any suggestion that the Abyssinlans should call in American advisers in the event that their government should decide to have foreign advisers. In reply to a question as to what view he, the Prince, and his government took of the fighting which had occurred between Abyssinians and British colonial forces on the Sudan^ British Bast Africa, and Somali land frontiers, he stated that the Abys- sinian goverrment was not responsible for these troubles as the Abyssinians engaged in the frontier raids were brigands. I attempted to explain that surely the Abyssinian government must feel responsible for such acts of its nationalSi but the answers of the Prince continued to be negative or evasive. These frontier troubles are discussed in my despatch No« 266 of April 16, 1919. He did state, however, that a British commission accoofipanied by AbyssiniaJis had been sent to the western and southern frontiers to arrange these matters, and that he hoped it would be successful^ I asked whether or not slave-trading existed in the countxy at present and he replied in the negative. I asked whether or not it was true that brigandage existed in various parts of Abyssinia and that trade and travel were not, therefore, safe. He replied -' ' - W ■>■ I 4»^ . A * •< CLAS8IFICATIQN CANCELED AUTOORITI LETTAi OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T B Y/yyy M.^ y.^...^ DAT E ^. A. /7^. /9(c?^ '.'fsrV/r -fumtimtm \ • *irw;f»-;j*»^,= -11- ( raplled that there had been some caees of brlgandsige, but that steps had been taken to punish the offenders and that he did not coniidtr the matter serious. The existence of slavery and brigandage in Abyssinia is « dlacussed in my despatch No. 266 of April 16, 1919« The Abyseinians have been much concerned over the rumored transfer of Djibouti and French Scmaliland to the Italians, and as I had been told by the French Minister at Adis Abeba that the Prince had told him that the Abyssinians would never con- sent to such a transfer, and by the Italian Minister that the Prince had told him that such a transfer would not be objected to by the Abysoinians, I asked him the question myself. He replied that the Abys- sinians would not want such a transfer, but that in any event there Was a treaty made by the French with the late Onperor which provided that French Somali *- land could only be transferred to Abyssinia, The French Minister informed me that this was a secret treaty which had since been cancelled. Ras Tafari said that the Abyssinians would prefer not to have the Italians as neighbors on any part of their frontier. The Prince asked me, of course, why I was in Abyssinia; and I explained that the American govern- ment wished to have some information relative to the general state of political affairs in the country in order that, if Abyssinia should be discussed in the Peace Conference or elsewhere, the American officials might -J- - ■ ■ -* ■"■ -^ '— ( f ■} mmmmmmimmiffmimmmm mm *r CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORTrT LBTTiR OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T -12- mlght theniBelTes have some firsthatnd information of current Abyssinian affairs. He said that he very greatly appreciated the desire of the American govern- ment to know something of the Abyssinian situation^ He said that he hoped and felt that the American goverment would aid the Ahyssinians in avoiding any violation of the independence or territorial integ- rity of their country, and I replied that while this Was possible I could not myself give him any definite ajiswer to the question. The above references axe to all of the general questions of most importance which the Prince permitted me to discuss with him. Ras Kassa was present at my interviews with the Prince, and appeurently ap- proved of the statements made to me by His Highness. I was grainted interviews by the Q^ueen, the Fituarari, the Abouna, and Ras Hailu ajid discussed the same general questions as those asked the Prince. I discussed Abyssinieji affairs with several other Abyssinians of lesser rank; with several of the leading French, Armenian, Greek, and Italian merchants in Abyssinia, and with the T/inisters of England, Frsuico, and Italy in Adis Abeba. In fact I sought information from all possible sources and believe that I missed no available opportunity for securing a fair and accurate idea of the present state of Abyssinian affairs. ■«* - — Has Tafari, the Q,ueen, and Ras Hailu, were all well informed relative to the great war and of part played therein by the United States. In fact they v.. '--*- mf^mmmmmmi* TzSST'TT''!*' . T' " ■'"I" I— 1 1"^- ■w»"''"<''**"*"l> *f««W»>».i CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTUOKITI LETttt OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP*T »iiV« --wWW^MMa^^*; • n f -13- f they gave the fullest Importance to the part taken "by the United States, and I assumed from their manner of discussing the matter that the Germans in Abys- sinia had made it an object to esnphasize to the Abyssinian rulers that the defeat of Germany Was only made possible by the entry of the United States on the side of the Allies; with the object of con- (the GermGUi) tinuing thelr^policy of belittling England, France, and Italy. It was also obvious, from questions which the Ab/ssinians asked me, that they had been the ob- ject of propaganda to minimize the completeness of the defeat of the central powers. There axe a number of Germans in Abyssinia, although the German Minister is reported to have died in the epidemic of influenza last winter. In the preceding pages I have attempted to indicate suid describe the Abyssinian leaders at present in power, and to refer. to the principal features of the political situation. The triumvirate consisting of the Prince Regent (Ras Tafaxi) , the Q,ueen (Waizaro Zeodita), and the Minister of War (?ituarari Hapta Giorgis), holds the central govern- ment, the power of which is not, however, felt to ajiy extent outside of Adis Abeba. owing to the in- dependence and power of the vexious provincial kings and chiefs, and to the inability of the central government to force the obedience of these subordinate rulers unless the members of the triumvirate should reconcile their differences and cooperate. It does not , i ir^ii.-^^ OF 1-8-B8 moil W. H. AM M W iOII , 8TATB Wl/jjy M^ ^li^j,^ PATE f vA^. /^ /fi iwfs .l l Hi iiw ii MUm w p i m mimmmmmm^im*''^'^ .m, ..,■,»„ "•W^rt-MWr "»»•««»• itjM— PT^WI pwpwp^p iw I II niiiaii I 11 ipu I J i .« >WPV, CLASSIFICATION CANCELBD AUraOWTri^jlJjjW ^^^ ANDERSON, STATE DF'*''* BV/./> //..„. ^^v./.^j> DATE ^.A. /^ /^<^ .K«<»v,''^i»«»*NW*WWi»||>i«(i» i i . i . i M>« " ii«>i i i ' « w'" t i -3- ( lata Ssperor Menelek decreed that alaTe-trading should cease, and I am infozmed that for a while his decree was at least partially enforced. As late as Noyember, 1918, a decree was issued ny the present ruler of Abyssinia, prohibiting under penalty the practice of slave-trading; "but I was informed \>y all foreigners with whom I talked in Abyssinia that the central goYernment has not been able to enforce this decree^ The British, Italian, and French Ministers in Adis Abeba all informed me that they knew positively that slave-trading and slave-raiding existed in Abyssinia; and the former assured me that he could send one of his Abyssinian servants into the bazaar in Adis Abeba auid buy me ten slaves, although I as a foreigner would not be able to buy them myself^ Many prcDiinent merchants in Adis Abeba told me of slave caravans which they had personally seen on recent visits to the provinces. One gentleman, the Manager of the branch of the Bank of Abyssinia at Gore in south-western Abyssinia, arrived in Adis Abeba while I was there and he told me that he had personally seen slave caravans and had visited slave markets in south-western Abyssinia. Bven during the present year he had seen the selling of slaves, and described to me the careful examination by prospec- tive purchasers of the slaves offered fox sale. Their Joints would be articulated, their teeth examined and such other steps taJcen as mig^t insure to the owner a slave physically sound. This gentleman of the bsuik informed me that there was so large a supply of slaves offered .^, I, .^ CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORTrT hsmr^ OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T *'W l » yiH W r i«l II I *-' r I 4 -4- ( H K fe t offered at times that a good, sound negro boy could be bought for as little as seven Maria Theresa dollars^ This infonnation was confirmed by my interviews with other business men liying in Adis Abeba whose affaJ.rs took them into the provinces. Many of the slave-raiders are, I was infojaned, Abyssinian officers and soldiers over f^om the central government has no control. These officers and soldiers will obey their immediate chief so long as he doesnH interfere too much in their wrong practices^ It is the general opinion in Abyssinia that the Abyssinian soldiery will not give up the practice of talcing, and of keeping or selling slaves, without the use of force; and the Abyssinian government is apparently unable to use or command the na^essary force even if it wished to do so» This would seem, therefore, a feature of the Abyssinian situation which must necessarily be dealt with from the outside, if it is to be remedied. Much of the present slave-raiding is said to occur among the Boran people in southern Abyssinia, in Kaffa province, and in the region of Lflike Rudolph on both sidee of the frontier. The large and rich province of Kaffa is said to have been converted in a few years, from a land of industrious people producing great quantities of agricultural and pastoral products, into a land of wilderness with only a few people remaining, and these spending their time hidden in the Jungle to escape the notice of raiding or marauding bands of so- called Abyssinian soldiers. Slave- h •' ; ^ '^v "■ ammmmmmMmmmmmitKmiltf&l^l'lltMllfttmm CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORirT LBTTSU OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T M[«MWM>««" ••••"•'^'••HP' -MrwrVi^P^BMMin^r^,. . t i «) -5- ( I Slaye-ralding is said to have caused much of the frontier troubles on the western and southern frontiers, in which there has been someii^at serious fighting at times between the Abyssinian raiders and the British colonial frontier guards on the Sudan^ Uganda and British Bast Africa sides of the frontier. In the British Legation at Adis Abeba I saw a report from the British coRunandant of the Moyale district, British East Africa, in which were listed eighty-seven different raids which had been made in the past nine years by bands of Abyssinians into British-controlled territory. On several occasions British or Egyptian officers, and native troops, had been killed in re- pulsing these raids. Most of the raids were reported to have been made by Tigrean soldiers from northern Abyssinia, who have come into this western and south- ern country and have become practically little more than brigands and slave-raiders. The Abyssinian govern- ment has no control over them, but it would seem that the government should take active steps to punish these soldiers. It is understood that this has not been done; probably because the central governnent lacks the power. It is believed to have been the fighting in connection with these raids which resulted in the recent rumors of the occupation of Abyssinian terri- tory by British forces. So far as I could learn there has been no actual occupation of territory, although in repulsing these raids it is possible that British- directed -^•■■^■^ -t. . - a -6- ( I V directed forces have crossed the Al^ysslnlaii frontier^ The various Abyssinian officials with whom I talked stated that they knew of ao permanent occupation of any of their frontier zone by British or other foreign troops, although they did believe that perhaps such troops had at times crossed into Abyssinia in the chase after the Tigrean brigands, who had raided the natives living under British protect ion» As baJids of Abyssinians nominally known as Abyssinian soldiers, and sometimes under chiefs or leaders nominally responsible to the central Abys- sinian government, have crossed their frontiers and fired upon British native troops and frontier guards, it would seen that the British have had a reasonably sound excuse for invading or possibly occupying that part of Abyssinia in order to protect their own subject tribes; and that they have not done so may be considered either as an indication of a high degree of forbearance, or as an indication of their desire not to complicate the situation in Abyssinia by further arousing French suspicions. These frontier zones are in majiy parts a vast and unsettled territory and the difficulty of polic- ing them properly may be appreciated, Furthermore, in the south there is much desert and' it happens that most of the water is on the Abyssinian side of the frontier. This feature of the situation maJces it extremely difficult for the British colonial authorities to maintain a frontier patrol sufficiently large and mobile to deal adequately with the situation. With help I ■iii*iii1iiifcii 1 1 II ■'"• ^— ■-*"'>-*A^*^^«^"*— ^"fc— ** CLASSIFICATION CANCELBD AUTHORITf I^TtiR ANDERSOK, STATE *" *~ 'BViJ/Pln^^l^uL^'nAJi DAT Ej^./^^. n / '^m^'- %• ft n K^ -7- ( help from the Abyssinian side the situation could toe much improved, but so far the Abyssinian goyernment has been unable or unwilling to help in the matter. On a recent occasion, related to me by the British Minister at Adis Abeba, the Boran serfs of the Abyssinians living on the southern frontier ran away in a body to British Bast Africa to escape their masters. The Abyssinians followed and the British frontier guard had to use a Maxim gun to stop them. Many were killed, including some of the British forces. A British com- mission, with which are understood to be some Abys- sinian officials, is now on the way to Magi and other frontier points to investigate and, if possible, to Gorrange a settlement of these frontier troubles. On the Abyssinian-British Somaliland frontier' seme troubles have also occurred owing to the Abys- sinians crossing the frontier in pursuit of nomadic tribes claimed by them to belong in Abyssinian texri- tory. This trouble has not, however, developed to the serious extent as have those on the other Anglo-Abys- siniaui frontiers, I am infozmed by the European Lega- tions in Adis Abeba, and by seme of the Abyssinian officials, that all of the frontiers are well defined by treaty, although the mistake was originally made of establishing some of them by arbitrary lines of latitude or longitude instead of using rivers, valleys, mountains, or other natural marks, which could better be understood by the ignorant tribes and their half Savage Abyssinian masters. This also would seem t» be a matter deserving consideration if a reform of Abys- sinian ^v^- .A .aA f- u. —a r^ mm m a^; LASSmCATION CANCELED AU'IHORITJ )F 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STAT LBTMR ^<>>''*i%»' » »frv«**e***--- -wwiBM^wf^iW^W^li t !? * ' > I ^i^i—IM. -8- ¥. I Abyssinian affairs is contemplated. On the short Franco -Abyssinian frontier there has not, I understand, been any serious trouble. On the Italo-Abyssinian frontiers there are reported to have been sane crossings by irresponsible bands of Abysdinian soldiery, but the Italian lurinister at Adis Abeba informed me that there had been no actual fight- ing on these frontiers. In north-eastern Abyssinia there were recently killed two Prench priests by Abyssinian brigands. The report of this matter reached Adis Abeba at the time of my visit and no details were at the time available. Lawlessness on the part of Abyssinian soldiers turned brigands seems to be growing in all parts of Abyssinia. I was told of a number of instances where caravans between Adis Abeba and Gore had been attacked. Bven on the well-travelled route from Dire-Daoua to Haxrar there have been attempted hold-ups of caravans, and a number of travellers have been shot at by either soldiers or brigands. The terms of soldier and brigand are apparently becoming practically synonymous in Abyssinia, owing to the impotency and general lack of control of the central government. Another consequent eyil which has been develop- ing rapidly is the abuse of system of district toll gates or "tellas". Formerly it was the established custom of provincial chiefs to collect certain email charges from all caxavans passing through their res- pective districts. This practice was understood, and merchants sending caravans out took it into calcula- tion ■ •» Hft ^■■MM r CLA88IF1CATIQN CANCELED AUTBORrrT LETTtR OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T W J/^JyUn^A^j^.u^ DAT Ef,^/^. /^ /^6^ t { ) PS -9- calculation in their buying and selling of goods. With the weakening of the power of the central govern- ment and consequently that of the provincial chiefs, the smaller chiefs have taken up this practice until now the merchants claim that most caXavan routes are a continuous line of toll-gates. Furthermore, these taicers of toll are becoming careless in the amount collected, and have even been known practically to loot a caravan under the guise of collecting toll. The central goyernment has iDeen petitioned by mer- chants and traders to take this matter in hand, but 80 far the government has seemed unable to remedy it in any noticeable degree. This situation is a serious pbstacle to the general economic and commercial develop- ment of the country, and a possible source of serious trouble between the Abyssinian governnent and the governments of the foreign merchants whose caravans may be looted. In this connection may also be mentioned the increasing development of the bribe-taking, or so- called ••backsheesh ••, system in the country. The rulers at Adis Abeba are constantly being approached by foreigners for mining, trading, and other concessions; and it has now become necessary to make presents of large sums of money to the Abyssinian officials ap- proached in order to obtain consideration for applica- tions for concessions. At the time of my visit to Adis Abeba there were there the representatives of a French company which had been attempting to secure a monopoly r ( i > ■ I I CLA88IFICATIOK CANCELED AUTHORlTt lEtTBl 3F 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T iMlMinnMiMinc^ •' lt^....> c 1> -10- V ^ monopoly of mining concessions in Atyssinia. According to a well-founded report these people had disbursed about two million francs in bribes and still had not received a concession. It was reasonably certain that they could not be given a monopoly, as such would not be in accordance with treaties between Abyssinia and the European powers interested, but the question seemed to be whether or not the French company would be able to obtain anything for its large expenditure. Such practices and such a condition of affairs are obviously demoralizing to the Abyssinian officials who might possibly wish to do right, and to the pros- pect of a legitimate developnent of the great resources of the country. The British and the Italians assert that the French are largely responsible for this state of affairs as they were the first and most active givers of bribes in order to secure concessions or other favors. Many concessions have in this way been obtained from the Abyssinian government, but as it is never known when a concession will be cancelled in favor of some one who will offer a larger bribe, it has been extremely difficult for concessionaires to interest foreign capital in their projects. It is also alleged, probably with reason, that the officials in charge of the few established Abyssinian customs stations axe susceptible to bribery to an extent that trade in imported goods is being much injured and hsuidicapped. At r ■^^i^^^M^kk . I '•iM">PWP* •*« a 'i.w>» - 1 II PMI1 -.iw^w CLA8SIFICATIQH CANCEUBD AUTHORirT OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T _ g yyy/X^ .^^y..z^ DAT E^^^.A. n /9(c^ ( -11- ( At the time of my visit to Adis Abeba the foreign legations rrere In conflict with the Abyssinian goyernnent over a new system of customs collections which it was proposed to inaugurate. It appears that a syndicate of three Abyssinians obtained from the government a concession to collect the customs duties at Dlre-Daoua, the largest customs station in the country. These gentlamen proposed that instead of col- lecting in money the general ten per cent duty payable, they would collect in kind, that is, take ten per cent of each shipment of goods offered for entry through the customs. The syndicate would then sell this mer- chandise at any price obtainable, which would obvious- ly be less than the regular merchants could sell for, and would thus demoralize the market. As one merchant illustrated; he was importing olive oil in litre tins which he had to sell at #2.50 each, and' if the customs- collecting syndicate were to collect 10^ of a shlpnent of a thousand tins it would have a hundred tins which It could put on the market at a price something less than $2.50, which unfair ccmpetltlon would obviously injure the legitimate and regular dealer. I was In- foxmed by the British Minister that this matter would be stopped; but it is mentioned to Illustrate the dfnoralizing effect which ml^t be caused to legitimate trade by having a government which would agree to tuoh nonsense in return for sufficient bribery on the part of those who might wish to in- augurate such practices. The K ffl iw . iiw . »wi i^ » -^ '„'^- ''T m^ — < i» ii^^ii • j:4 CLASSIFICATIQK CANCBLBD Al OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSOH, STATE DEP*T B VjyyM^ ]^^yy^ DAT E£,^, , n /9(o:^ t n- -13- \Y h?, f. Justice according to the European idea may alao be said to be practically non- existing in Abys- sinia, There are native courts, but as their decisions based upon unwritten laws are usually capable of being influenced by bribes, euid decisions er^n when giren are often not respected by the litigants and by officials of other branches of the government/ it may be understood that the obtaining of proper justice is not usually pos- sible. Suits that have been settled are often reopened through the use of bribes, or through the lAiim of some Judge or other official to nhom, or to ^ose friends, the decision given has later proved unacceptable. Claims presented by the foreign legations to the Abys- sinisui government on behalf of their nationals are extremely difficult to settle unless the claimant is willing to pay a consideration^ or the so-called **backshee8h^9 to the native officials empowered to settle such claims. A radical reform of the Abyssinian judicial system is urgently needed, although the fact does not seem to ^e appreciated by most of the Abys- sinian officials. Abyssinia is a very rich country, particularly in agricultural euid mining possibilities, and with the reform of the more glaring irregularities in the general economic and social life of the country, scne of irtiich have been herein indicated, its continued existence and developnent as an independent country might reason- ably be assured. Not the least important feature of Abyssinia* B geographical location is that in all the Red 3. ^ _ J ^ ..» . liaa««Mr»AiliM*iliil "»* i -'• .w^WMMiMt^'Mi*^ mmmmmmm CLASSIFICATION CANCKLID AUTHORTrf OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T B Y/^^.M.^.y.^^yy^ D ATEj^.A. /^ /f^X .•aa^w<>^««>V t -14- f Red Sea diatrict It is practically the only political diviaion capable of producing a aurplua or eyeri a sufficiency of food over the needs of its own people; and such places as Aden, Djibouti, Hodeidah, and other ports could be easily and more cheaply supplied from Abyssinia with the food which they now must obtain from India or from even more dlstaJit places^ The econo- mic importance of Abyssinia is discussed in detail in special consular report No. 81, published a few months ago by the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic CGDimerce at Washington^ A discussion of the various peoples under AbyBEinian rule, and of their econcmlc and social condition, is giren in my despatch No. 268 of April 23, 1919, I have the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient ae American Consul. File No. 800. ^1! •wl' mm IJUMCPKAnOH CAMCIUBD ▲UiBiMll OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDBRSOM, BX/jJy M.^ ^^y.^ DATE STATE DBP^T nils It'.-' *<»^"- ■' -■"*.• , ■,■■,<«' ^^W»».<»»fi-„,^( M i ^J || m |, n yiy ^),,«,.y ,, ^.,,1^... ^^ „ t No. 267 AMERICAN CONSULATE, Aden, Arabia, April 22, 1919. L^ \ Subject: Present Interests and Relations of Great Britain, Trance, and Italy in Abyssinian Affairs. The Honorable The Secretary of State, Washington. Sir: - «* w: 1 have the honor, in continuation of my des- patch No. 265 of April 20, 1919, to sulamit the follow- ing comnent on the interests and relations of Oreat Britain, France, and Italy, in A'byssinian affairs; this ccnment being mainly the result of personal ob- serrations made during the course of a vis it to that country from which I have Just returned. With the British-goTerned Sudan and the Uganda Protectorate on the long western frontier, and British East Africa on the southern frontier, the general interests of dreat Britain in western and southern Abyssinia are Important. The more special British interest in Abyssinia would seem naturally to be in the western part of that country adjoining the Sudan, The source of the Blue Vile is in western Abyssinia, and the importance of this rirer to the annxial floods and resulting agricul- tural prosperity in Xgypt cannot be ore r- estimated. It would seem absolutely desirable that the part of Abys- sinia in i^ich the Blue Nile rises euid becomes a riTer should ■ * -. t. «• . — ». .— -.1 .1 ikrii 'Wmi'rriiifi 1 1 •— .-. .- ■ - ■ *•.-»* -1 • b , n * ,.-. '■*''' "*• »^*'t* ^ H f^^ XM.\n% \^r%j^\^ OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, "BV^JyPln^^oA^j.u^ DATE STATE DEP'T i i >»l« W «, 1 i W Mi n nnn ^i|>,t>ml|^ww»»nip>>' || (nm J iij ■■ - ■»■«••■«•»»♦«••-'« • t (^ -2- I ( should be in territory controlled by a power friendly to Egypt, and consequently to the power ruling Egypt, So far as I have been able to learn it has been the general idea of British officials connected with the Egyptian and Sudanese goTernments that no state of affairs should l)e permitted to come about which would endanger the supply of Blue Nile flood water to Egypt. Obviously the most deslrahle state of affairs from the standpoint of Egypt and the Sudan as at present governed, would T^e to have under British control or influence that part of Ahyssinla comprising the source and the watershed of the Blue Nile« The forests of western Abyssinia also contain Vast stores of wild coffee and wild rubber, the most natural way of exploiting which would be via Sudan trade routes. This country also produces great numbers of cattle and has very premising agricultural posslbi- lities. The mineral richness of western Abyssinia is also undoubted, although no thorough development work in mines has yet been ace carpll shed. The natural outlet for all of these important natural resources is via Sudan trading stations, the principal ones of which are Gore-Gambela, and Gallabat. These same trading stations are, vice versa, the natural inlet for manufactured goods, principally cotton piece goods, into western Abyssinia. Taking the approximated trade figures for 1914, the last normal trade year, it appears that the Sudan trading posts handled about % of the total trade of Abyssinia. Th :*»i«^* ■■IP * »/ I wfrnnftuft 1 1 IMMMMHipiraPMMi *i9m CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHOKITT UTnOI^ 3F 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T BY/.^.M.^y.^y^y.^ DATE^.^^. /^ /f6^ c {) 4' l. ) -3- I r I c fA The very efficient British officials of the Sudcui government have studied and worked towards a greater cooimercial development of western Abyssinia, and it is not unreasonable that they should feel that this territory could better be developed under their direction than by any other likely means. Southwestern and southern Abyeslnia hae also many rich districts which open into trade routes being developed through British East Africa, and while in 1914 less than 2% of the total trade of Abyssinia was developed in these districts via British East Africein trade routes, the possibilities for future development w over these same routes axe most promising. The present system of Abyssinian goveriment in the parts of that country adjoining British colonial territory does not tend to CGmmercial development, and this is realized by the British colonial officials who would undoubt- edly, if permitted,, feel it their duty to attempt to extend British influence permanently into these particular Abyssinian districts. Prom the foregoing facts may be understood, in part at least, the raison d* etre of an unmistak- ably important British interest in Abyssinian affairs, French- governed territory extends but a very short distance on the eastern frontier of Abyssinia, but as Djibouti, the natural port of Abyssinia, lies in the narrow strip of land known as French Somali land, the importarxe of French interests in eastern Abys- sinia may be admitted. In addition the French have built »*,i i. i.^^^.^.^ k CLASSIFlCATlbN CANCELED AUTHORITI LBTf^^ FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T ■ ■■ ~- .» -*« , jfi t {> t i y i 'i ^ -4- built a railroad from Djibouti, five hundred miles in- land to Adis Abeba, the capital, and this gives Prance a very important position in central as well as in eastern Abyssinia. Djibouti is the most accessible seaport for Abyssinian trade c>nd tho trade figures for 1914, the last normal coimnercial year, indicate that more than 70/b of the total trade of Abyssinia passed over the Franco-Ethiopian railway, via Djibouti. It is natural that the French should not value lightly this superior position in the present comparatively small volume of Abyssinia^ s trade, and the tremendous advantage which it must hold for them in the eventual development of the trade and resources of this rich and practically undeveloped country, Irrpcrtant plans are now being con- sidered for the further development of the port of Djibouti with special reference to the possibilities of Abyssinian trade. On the south-east is British Somaliland, which, because of its nearness to the province of Harrar, called the richest province in Abyssinia, gives to Great Britain a further important interest in south-eastern Abyssinia. In 1914 more than 3^ of the total trade of Abyssinia passed through British Somaliland, and the percentage of the total was much greater before the building of the Franco-Ethiopian railroad, and the diversion of a great deal of trade from British Somali- land routes to the Djibouti route. There is direct con- nection k . _• 1 MilM m PPIIH|||PiPi|M"<^^^^" Pii'J«'''"'ip»»!WflllB C LASSIFIC ATION C ANCELBD AUTHORITI OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T BXi^ a^uL ATEj^.A. f'T-jn,:^ t r, -5- 1 c h connection "by caravan route "between Brit 1 eh Somali land ports and the very rich Harrar district. By the "build- ing of a good wagon road or of a railroad from the coast to Harrar, it would be possible greatly to in- crease the share of Abyssinian trade which would coifle through the ports of this British protectorate. The Italian territory of Eritrea iDounds Abys- sinia on the north emd north-east, and its close rela- tion to northern and north-eastern Abyssinia gives Italy aTi important interest in these parts of the country. Italian Somaliland bounds Abyssinia for several hundred miles on the south-eastern and south- ern frontiers and Italian commerce has had some develop- ment in those parts of Abyssinia. Over Eritrean trade routes entering northern and north-eastern Abyssinia there was carried in 1914 a little less than \1% of the total trade of Abyssinia, and if these caravan routes could be supplemented by wagon roads or by rail-roads the Eritrean share of Abyssinian trade would most likely increase. Trade routes through Italian Somalilajid, on the south-eastern and eastern frontiers, had in 1914 about 1-J^ of the total of Abyssinian trade. This part of Abyssinia is at the present time, however, the least promising part of Abyssinian territory for commercial developnent. Prom the foregoing it is apparent that the three European powers most interested in Abyssinia by reason of territorial propinquity have very important commercial interests or reasons for wishing to have <\ -— ••^; > ■^"^'*' ». J. -^'^ iJtlt^lkillkJ,tt^UtktL.JL..^. ^ .^.Jl .. ..v. fcjfj iL CLASSIFICATION CANCELED ^^"^^'STL^SiS? OFl-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T t D -6- I •1 a free hand in Abyssinian affairs; or an active part in such rehabilitation of the affairs of that country as may be determined upon in the event that this particular matter comes up for the consideration of the world powers assembled in conference at Paris^ Outside of this general commercial interest there are to be considered two other iratters; one being Great Britain's special interest in controlling either directly or indirectly the source of the Blue Nile, which special interest has already been referred to; and the other being the natural feeling of the ItaliaJis that they should be pexmitted to resume the movement for establishing a protectorate over Abyssinia, which they initiated with such disastrous results to their national pride, and to their prestige in Africa, in the campaigns ending in the battle of Adowa^ These two special interests are beliered to be most important elements to consider in any arrangement which may be proposed for the Abyssinian situation. / The Italian failure in the 189 6 caapaign against their country undoubtedly gave the Abyssinietns an exaggerated feeling of superiority and power, and the false confidence then developed has continued until very recently. It still exists, but as since the death of the I^peror Menelek in about 1912, the strongly organized central government which he left has steadily degenerated until to-day it has little more than nominal power over the various provinces making up the Abyssinian empire, many of the Abyssinian leaders are coming . ■» • iiki^^^MiibAi^lM CLASSIFICATION CANCELBD AUTHOOTTY ICTW OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T M>«w>«aM> t h % -7- f ^< • coming to doubt their ability to preserve their inde- pendence against a determined effort against it by any of the European powers interested^ ])ue to the decay of the power of the central government considerable brigandage has developed in the country; the soldiers have become unruly and disobedient; and the travel and trade necessary to the develop:nent of their very rich country has become much restricted. Leading younger Abyssinians are beginning to realize the danger of their internal disorganization and feel, not without reason, that the three European powers on their frontiers axe strongly of the opinion that the present conditions in Abyssinia axe, to say the least, decided- ly detrimental to the development of their own terri- tories held as colonies or protectorates. In the now well-known secret treaty of 1915 between Great Britain, Prance, and Italy, it is under- stood that the first two powers agreed to give consi- deration to Italy's colonial ambitions in Africa. It is apparent that the Italians have interpreted this to mean, ajQong other things, that they might extend their Eritrean colony to take in the French and British Somalilands, thus giving Italy an unbroken frontier con- nection with Abyssinia on the north, east, eind south- east, and in addition secure to then the ownership and control of Djibouti and the French railroad in to Adis Abeba, through which port and over which road goes the bulk of AbyssiniaJi trade. With this readjustment of territory accomplished it would seem possible to extend etnd ilHHIHIli MM ■■■■■■■^■■li ■iHMiiiiMiiiiniiiii ^.y»v-mi$0H 1^ ^i^UPP l«pi mmmmm wm^^m^mmi CLA88IF1CATIQK CANCELED AUTRORITT UBTmt OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T }ms»i- t r> -8- ( and establish in all of Abyssinia excepting the west, aji Italian sphere of influence, if not a protectorate. Judging from conyersations which I had in Adls Abeba with the diplomatic representatiyes of the three powers most Interested in Abyssinia there « would probably be no objection to this Italian wish on the part of England; but there would be a decided objection on the part of France which, in the posses- sion of Djibouti and the railroad to Adls Abeba, feels that it has the best opportunity for paronount influence in Abyssinia if any European power is to have the pri- vilege of dominating Abyssinian affairs. At the time of my visit to Abyssinia in March and April of this year, the rumor had Just reached Djibouti and Adls Abeba that Italy had actually demanded the cession of French Somali land. I was infoimed that, Just bef3re my arrival in Djibouti, there had been a dononstration on the part of the local French and Abyssinian inhabi- tants against the local ItaliaJis and their country because of this reported demand of Italy for the cession of French Somali land. Most of the French aJid the Abys- sinlans in Djibouti and in Abyssinia with whom I talked were very open in their expressions of ill-well against Italy and the Italians, and there was much strained relation between the two parties pending an official GUinouncement that France would or would not yield Djibouti to Italy, The Governor of Djibouti and the French Minister in Adls Abeba both told me directly « that they felt very sure that their Goveriment would never "H. -' - _ * 1 .< mmmmmmmmmmmm w iiii i iiiiiw w m ti:4 CLA8SIF1CATIQM CANCBLBD OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP* B Y^/y//i._ ^^v..^ DAT E <^,/,, /? /f6^ c b -9- ( neyer consent to such a transfer. Ato Joseph, the Abyaslniflui represent at ire in Djibouti, told me that If Djibouti and the Franc o-Bthiopi an railroad were ceded to Italy the first act of his people would be to dynamite all the railroad bridges and axn to pre- yent the Italisuis taking possession thereof. Vhlle this man was probably not authorized to make any statements of this sort which would have official weight, he but indicated the general feeling of all Abyssinlans with whom I talked later In his own country. French officials In Djibouti and in Abyssinia, with whom I talked, stated that they felt that Great Britain was inclined to support Italy in its Abys- sinian ambitions and in its demand for French Scmall- land, and most of them could only with difficulty con- ceal a strong feeling of displeasure against the British « who could be concerned in encouraging Italy* s demeuids. Later I was informed by Mr. Thesiger, H. B. M* s. lilnister in Adis Abeba, that he felt that his gorern- ment favored Italy's stand eind that he also felt that the future success of any plan for reforming Abys- sinian affairs inyolred the elimination of France from Abyssinia. He also spoke of his feeling that the appflirent French method for handling the Abyssinian question was decidedly wrong. These statements were made personally and confidentially, but I consider them of Talue as coming from a man who has been nine years the diplomatic representatlre of the British government in Abyssinia, and whose considerable know- ledge ■v>,' ^fl^"^ "»^5f^^ — . u» nw, -— - r-TT- IA88IF1CATI0N CANCBLBD i >F 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP' B V^ V //.^ ^^y>//^ D ATEj^.A. /^ /^<^X c -10- I 1 f iT. ( K'*- 1/ knowledge of Abyssinian affairs is conceded by many well infoxmed people. Although no statements on the particular sub- ject were made to me by British officials, I bbl strong- ly impressed that by supporting Italy in its plan to take orer all the northern, eastern and south-eastern frontiers of Abyssinia, the way would be opened for British officials in the Sudan, in the Uganda Protec- torate, and in British East Africa, to extend and establish permGuiently a British sphere of influence in the rich western and south-western provinces of Abys- sinia, The most important interest of &reat Britain in Abyssinia would thus be generously senred and that this could be done by favoring Italian ambitions possibly throws light upon why the British hare indicated such favor and why, on the other hand, they look with decided disfavor, upon the French plans for Abyssinia, which probably do not provide for the establishing in m the western Abyssinian provinces of a sphere of British influence or protection. Due to the fact that the re- presentatives of each of these three powers attribute to each other entirely selfish motives in their res- pective interests in reforming Abyssinia, there exists an apparently unwholesome situation of intrigue and Jealous ill-feeling anong them in Abyssinia, I am convinced, from my personal observation of the general state of affairs in Abyssinia, and from m statements made to me by the British and Italian Ministers in Adis Abeba, that their respective govern- ments 1 LAflSmCATlCm CAMCBLBD AUTHOKfl't tkj^iJ^ j^^X . « «-,v.." -J FROM W. H. ANDBR80N, STATE DEP*T tt i f ffm p i ' **■*■'' ^f>.'^-«.- *■-*•■ 6 t) -11- r govtrnment* haT« b«en persuaded that th* present state of Abysainlan affaire ia intolerable and that refozme must be made, but that such refoxms oannot be effectire- ly made with France as a Party to the Abyssinian situa- tion. They argue that Prance has the anallest territory in this pflirt of Africa and could more reasonably gire up its holding than could either Great Britain or Italy. To the unprejudiced obserrer that stand seons sosieiihat reasonable. The British and the Italians further argue that the French policy in the relations of Djibouti and Abyssinia has been a source of great trouble to them in the special feature of the trade in aims and spomunitlon that has been permitted through Djibouti, The Abysainians had, until the beginning of the world war, been ab]^e to secure large quantities of rifles and cartridges through Djibouti; with which they not only armed thanselres well, but allegedly supplied the natires in British and Italian territory adjoining Abyaainia, thua causing the respective British and Italian colonial authorities great trouble and annoy- ance. It la alao obvloua that an Indiscrimiiiate dis- tribution of ajms and ammunition in Abyssinia permit a the Abyaainian briganda and alaTe-raidera to arm them- aelrea well, and thixe make it a formidable undertaking to check them in their .jiefarloua practicea. So far aa I am able to learn both the Britiah and Italian autho- ritiea have not pemitted traffic in aims an d tpm uni- tion throu^ the territory which they control, for the "• • • • ' ■ ' , f ■ , . - * m obrious and principal reason that the possession of A •9 . ^'W- LASSOTCATKXK CANCILBD AU'IHIHUri UPmti F 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP**] B T/yJyM.^ ^^yy^ DAT Ej^V^, /^ / f (^ X ft b -12- ( arme and ammunition by the tribes under their control in this part of Africa is a great encouragoanent to these tribes to get into trouble; and also makes the matter of disclplinlAg tl^eni a serious one« While aims are not at present being permitted to come throu^ Djibouti, it is the opinion of British and Italian officials that, Judging from the general practice of 1+ French colonial officials, at the first opportunity this dangerous branch of trading will be pexmitted to resume. This question of the Import of arms and ammuni- tion is ostensibly one of the principal causes for the desire of the British and Italians to eliminate the French frcsn the Abyssinian situation. The French also realize that reforms are necessary in Abyssinia, but seem to think that the necessary reforms can be made by them through the method of persuasion with French adyisers. The British and the ItaJ.ian Ministers in Abyssinia feel, eutid havs undoubtedly advised their gorernnents to that effect, that reform in Abyssinia can be accanplished only with force back of it. Both parties propose adrisers to re- foim the financial system; establish courts of Justice, a school system, ejad other necessary means for a more enlightened foxm of goTernnent; but the French say their own adrisers can bring about the reforms through persuading the Abyssinian officials of their need; while the British and Italians feel that as such re- forms will end the indolent and grafting lif^ which is at present so much enjoyed by the Abyssinian rul- ing V;,. Pi HP ptm-mi^mm^ '^'W'^'^^mfp^ FCLA88IF1CATIOK CANCELED AUTHORlTt OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T BY /^J^/L^.J^^y-yy^ D ATEj^.A. /7. /9^^ tmmmmmmmm- W 'w tt . t mm ' i-'m' m ^mm -* II ■! »wii«*>vi«FK«eisr«>-B«'— • «a,^ ^-^mmm^m t D 'N -13- ( ruling and military classes, they would not consent to any reforms unless persuaded b^ force to do so. The Abysslnlans appreciate the fact that the French have supplied them with aims and aznmunltion, and may perhaps be depended upon again to do so, and are accordingly desirous that the French may continue in control of the principal trade route to and from Abyssinia. The corrupt officials also appreciate the system of bribery, or so-called "Backsheesh**, idiich the French are accused of having encouraged in Abys- sinia, The Abysslnlans also know that they may be forced to make reforms and would prefer what they pro- bably consider the less effective French method of moral suasion, to the Anglo-Italian one of persuasion by force. There seemed to me no doubt, for at least the two principal reasons given in the preceding para- graph, that French Influence at present predominates in Abyssinia. The British are respected and tolerated, but the Italians are not much respected, and would possibly not be tolerated If the Abyssinisois dared have their own way. There are several reasons for this dislike of the ItallGOis and the moat important is, of course, the contempt for Italian fighting ability irtiich the Abysslnlans erroneously gained through their fortu- nate victory over the Italians at Adowa in 1896, Another reason is undoubtedly the ill-feeling of the French towards the Itallcuis, and the former have by their Influence in Abyssinia been able to carry on propaganda in CLA88IF1CATIQK CANCELED AUTHORmr IXTtW^ ANDERSON, STATE DEP'~ BY/jy. fl.^. .ro^y^y,^ DATE /I .A. /^ /9^;i icrr'- r tiTBfrwiilti iTiif " ztSCit:^^'^ " t -14- r in that country which has had the probable object of turning the Abyssiniane against the Italians. So far as I oould observe there seemed to be no other im- portant reason for the dislike of Italians by the I ( Abyssinians, excepting, perhaps, the fact that the Italians in Britrea have sometimes been offensire to the Abyssinians by treating those in their own terri- tory in the someiAiat contemptuous way in which many white men err in their treatment of the man with a dark skin. The fact that the French seem to have less prejudice against the man with a dark skin and meet him on a basis more approaching equality and familiari- ty than do the British in particular, has also enchanced French influence in Abyssinia. The Abyssinians are astute enough to use the discord between the French and the Anglo-Italian parties by playing one against the other, and thus preventing heretofore any concerted or coordinated action on the part of these three European powers to influence reforms in Abyssinia. The majority of the Abyssinians themselves are probably satisfied with the present state bf affairs, and it is obvious to most observers that unless one of the two European parties is eliminated from the situa- tion, or a otmpromise is brought about, which would be very difficult, there is likely to be no satisfactory improvement in the present intolerable political and economic situation in Abyssinia. The French also argue with reason that by building ii§mmmm t^m^m^^mmmmmfi^mi^ifimmmWW'^'''^f'^^^^^ CLASSIFICATION CANCILID AUTHQRirT LrTRK^ OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP*T \ f; -15- ( tulldlng their railroad of fire hundred miles from Djibouti to Adls Abeba they have done a great deal more toward opening up Abyssinia to foreign trade and other civilizing Influences than has either Eng- land or Italy. The railroad cost a great deal of money, about 118,000 francs per kilometre I am Infozmed, and has usually a deficit each year which the Prench Government pays in accordance with its guarantee of a certain rate of Interest to the bondholders. The railroad is, however, deteriorating, eoid is at present inefficiently operated. It Is not run along business lines, but if it were placed In efficient hands it might be made to pay. Its present purpose is clearly political rather than commercial, and it seems a great economic waste irtien with efficient managcsent it might not only pay but could afford much greater aid in the developing of the very rich agricultural possibilities in Abyssinia, I travelled on the road the second time after a period of a year and a half, and there was noticeable deterioration in many features of its operation. On the other hand it may also be noted that there are some difficulties in the way of the efficient operation of this railroad. The Abyssinians are in- different in the protection of railroad property, and I am Informed that the natives along the right of way steal yearly many thousands of dollars worth of tele- phone and telegraHi wire for whioh the Abyssinian government will not indannify the railroad, nor will it \ »**;!% ^4*. .^ JLA8BIFK ATKSK CANC1LE0 AUT»mifL»flll» OFl-8-58 FROM W. H. AN1WR80II, STATE I«PT BV//.//. y^^^yy^o DATE d^j^j J /7. Ua ' '^fW^flfcrHWl 6 -16- ( it permit the proper punlslment of the thieres. This feature of the situation not only inrolTee the loss of the Talus of the material, but it also interferes to soms extent with the proper running of the trains. This feature is mentioned to indicate that there are, as is usually the case, two sides to the question of operating efficiently the 7ranoo-Xthiopian railroad. Summarizing this phase of the situation which relates to the feeling between the three European powers interested in Abyssinia, it seons that it would be to the best interests of all concerned to eliminate the Italians in considering the power which should be charged with reforming Abyssinian affairs. They can be conceded the ability to bring about efficient refexms if they were able to start with at least a feeling of indifference on the part of the Abyssinians; but as thsre exists ill-will against them to a certain extent, It does se«m reasonable that the reform of Abyssinian affairs would be for them a tremendously greater task than for either France or England, against neither of irtiich countries or their nationals does there appear to exist any general ill-will in Abyssinia. As will be in- dioatsd in my despatch No. 266 of April 22, 1910, it semns decidedly necessary that something be done in the matter of reforming Abyssinian affairs, and idiether Prance, England, Italy, or some neutral poiwer be charged with this task is a matter which, in the general feeling of those interested and Informed, should be decided by the peace Conference or by the League of Hat ions. As to V m ^\ TROif w.H. AMDnrav, I I HH I W. X H « WIWWaiH»t t l l » l »U Wi l» % H ! H »S»M>n I) -17- ( to possiblt Btthods of bringing about nooosoar7 ro- f OZBS in Abyssinia, thore aro indieatod in my dtspatch Vo« 268 of April 23 , 1919, scmo iaprosoiens obtainod fron rariouo aourcoo ao a rooult of ay roeont rioit to Abyssinia. / I havo tlio honor to bo. Sir, Your obodiont sorr > -I Amor io an Consul. ?ilo Ho. 800 «1 i ■ %-- i-U^ — ■ t* !».^. X^ L LAflSmC AllOM CANCILBD AU'RHHUl 1 iFl-8.58 FROM W. H. ANDBRSOW, STATE MPT bY^y/ 4,.. ^^yyy^^ D ATE Jff^f. /^ /^^X El v-t t No. 268 AMERICAN CONSULATE, Adtn, Arabia, April 23, 1919 C Suggestions as to Possible Methods of Ref oxmlng Abyssinian Affairs, The Honorable The Secretary of State. Washington, Sir |:> t ? I i: !i I have the honor respectfully to suggest that if, as I haTS att«npted to indicate in my despatches KoB. 265, 266, and 267, under date of April 20, 21, and 22, 1919, respectiToly, the present general political, econonio, and social conditions in Abyssinia be con- sidered as detrimental to peace and progress, some re- form is imperatiTe if that country is to assume a proper and worthy place among the independent nations of the world and not remain, as it is at present, a potential source of serious differences between itself and the three Suropean powers referred to as most interested in the general derelopnent of northern Africa. As Abyssinia is politically independent it would seen desirable to help the Abyssinians to help themselves to a better and more enlightened goTornnent; but on the other hand there are reasons to beliere that possibly they do not wish to help themselres and that it may accordingly be necessary to use outside force to institute refozss. The following suggestions, which are the result of con- versations mUmii t m tli* »v CLASSIFICATIOK CANCELED AUTHOWrTYIJOTlBi. FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T »» 1 — «^^ C P -2- ( conversations had with varioua officials and business men resident in Abyssinia and of personal obserrations of conditions in that country, are respectfully offered for such help, if any, as they may be in indicating a possible method of making Abyssinia a respectable „and desirable member of the family of nations. The Abyssinians have been Christian since about the fourth century, A. D. , and while they un- doubtedly hare a history trhlch goes back to much be- fore that time, they are understood to have had their own Independent government for many centuries. Writers on Abyssinia say that there is good reason to believe that the country was the part of a great nation con- temporary with King Solomon, However that may be the point which it is desired to establish here is that the Abyssinians had an anoltnt and independent poli- tical existence which they have in general retained and maintained to the present time when their country is practically the only absolutely Independent political division in Africa. A people with such a record would seem to merit the greatest consideration in the possible future maintenance of the Independence of their country, even though they may not have kept up with the march of progress sjid civilization. The Abyssinians are intelligent and proud, and they are great fighters. They are so proud of their military record that they have fallen into the error of believing that fighting prowess Is the great- est of all national accompllshnents, and that It is the . ^^« V CLASSIFICATION CANCELED ATJTHQRITT FROMW.H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP* B^K/yy/ ^ L^^o^^n.u? DAT E^^.A, /^ /^6^ - • ■ t^n^^etm^>»mmm>r^mm^i^m c 9 -3- r the one and necessary qualification to their right to existence &8 an independent nation. Since the British occupation of Uagdala in 1668 they have fought twelve comparatiyely important battles, of which they were the yictors on nine occasionSi having lost once to the Dervishes and twice to the Italians. These facts are mentioned as an aid to understanding, and as a possible or Partial extenuation, of their neglect of, and lack of appreciation for, the general economic and social phases of national life as distinguished from the militfiury or fighting phase. It would seem necessary to their rehabilitation as a nation that steps be taken to convert them from this error as to what should be the main idea for, and of , national existence. It would seem also much to the credit of the Abyssinians that they have so jealously guarded their religion as Coptic ChristiaJis, and have on more than one occasion repulsed the attempt of their Arab and Dervish neighbors to force Mohammedanism upon them. / The Abyssinians sore a black people and have probably often been confused in the popular mind with the negro. They are not considered negroes by meuiy who have studied their ethnology, and are believed to "be a mixture of non-negro Africans with their Semitic neighbors of the Red Sea districts. It is apparent that they have a much higher form of intelligence than do the purely negro peoples of Africa. In later years, due to the holding of slaves obtained from the negro tribes on their western and southern frontiers, many «?v CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY Lbtxw* OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T ►^ ^i- f - jy^ ■ ■ «i>,. e d -4- many almost purely negro types are now to be seen among the so-called true Abysslnians^ Ethnologically and geographically Al^yssinla seeus to consist of the four original provinces of Tigre, Godjam, Amhara, and Shoa, and the people frcm these four proylnces foxm the Christian, the military, and the ruling elements in present day Ahyssinia. By conquest the original Abyssinia has been expanded to include a number of subject proTinces with a predomi- nating Mohammedan element in the population^ The Gallas, Dankalis, and Somalis, are the most important of the Mohammedan peoples subject to the Abyssinians^ The true AbyssiniaJis number less than half of a total population of fran eight to ten millions. The non- AbyssiniaJi peoples ruled by the Abyssinians have not been well treated; and they occupy generally the posi- tion of serfs supporting their Abyssinian masters, who axe generally the rulers, soldiers and priests and much disinclined to any effort other than that more necessarily involred in their respective professions. With these serfs and the slaves which are kept life for the Abyssinian is easy, and he is naturally not inclined to change these conditions, Harrar province is one of the largest and richest in the country, and it is apparent that, if its people, the Gallas, were released from their present state of serfdom, their province would develop a tremendous producing capacity for agricultural products to the benefit of both Gallas and Abyssinians, and of their neighbors on the desert Red ^. ■ vr , . ■ — «pp wmffm" ^F ^♦>"* /■•»••»* ,^,,r'-lt--v »»^-- ■ "i. i , c m^^^^m^im CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORTIT LETTfll OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T -6- ( Red Sea littoral who would like a source of a plentiful aJid cheap food supply such as would be available in Harrar under proper conditions. The economic developnent of this province might be accomplished under Abyssinian rule, but there is the suggestion that as these people are not Abyssinians, and do not wish to be, it is their right of self-determination to be sepeurated from a country or government that has ill-used them, and to be permitted to>idevelop under the tutelage of some European power. I enclose herewith as Exhibit A, a copy of a petition presented to me at the time of my visit to Abyssinia, by a committee claiming to represent the Mohammedans of Abyssinia in general, but mainly those of Harrar province. The people of Boran, Kaffa, Sidamo, and other less important parts of Abyssinia to be distinguished from the four original Abyssinian proTinces named, have been oppressed very much as have the Gallas or Harraris; but as they are apparently not so intelligent a people and have not the compact population of the Galla element, it would be more difficult to separate them from Abyssinia. This might be done, however, by adding their territory to the European colonies which they adjoin. Providing for the improv€Kient of the lot of these subject tribes of the Abyssiniana, by removing them from Abyssinian jurisdiction, would not seem to be a great wrong against the existence of the Abys- sinians as an independent people. They would still have CLASSIFICATiaK CANCELED AUTHUKITI OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATl ••-^ 35 r. -6- ( have their four original provinces in which they might be induced to bring about the neoeseary general reforms without having to give any of their attention to their present subject provinces, the people of which are in general not as intelligent, aggressive, and as capable of being politically independent as are the true or original Abyssinians. While this plan of a geographical or ethnolo- gical division of Abyssinia would seem to be practic- able, it would not be received kindly by the Abys- sinianfi who are exceedingly Jealous of any suggestion that the integrity of their country as at present consti- tuted might be violated. To take away their subject provinces would very likely put them into such aji ill- humour thiat force would be necessary to cause them to reform their own four provinces. As a proud and easily offended people it seems unlikely that they would take kindly to any plan for taking away a part of their present territory from under their control. Taking Abyssinia as It now stands, it is pos- sible that at least some of the leading men now in power vould be persuaded to place the matter of the rehabilitation of their country in the hands of the proposed League of Nations. Ras Tafari and Ras Kassa might "be 80 persuaded, but it is very unlikely that the Pituarari Hapta Giorgis could eyer te persuaded. It l8 not easy to say what exactly might be possible with the (),ueen but she might be persuaded as to the necessity for refoztns. However, having obtained the consent i^ II I CLASSIFICATION CANCEUBD AUTOOI^ OF 1-8-58 FROM W.H. ANDERSON, STATE DBF T DATE (If -fi, r /^ fj(n^ V -7- ( consent of the present government, It would be neces- sary to send into the country a number of adyleers who would be authorized to raise and equip at once a force of Abyssinian gendaxtnerie to enforce their orders among the provincial and district chiefs, many of whom would be more or less Irreconcil/able without a show of military or police force. If the question of the rehabilitation of Abyssinia is to be brought up it seems very likely that France, Xngland, and Italy, will each demand the right of handling the problem. As has been die- cussed in my despatch No. 267 of April 22, 1919, the policies of these three powers with reference to Abys- sinia vary considerably. The French, as indicated by their, Minister at Adis Abeba, feel that if given a free hand in Abyssinia by England and Italy, they can instal advisers acceptable to the Abyssinian government who will by the methods of persuasion proceed with the re- form of Abyssinian affairs. The French Minister has been urging the Abyssinian government to appoint a cQoiml salon to jpxcceed to th« Peaoe Conference In order to atrrange this matter. He is himseLf leaving A'bysslnia about May 1, en route to Paris, and hae been making every effort to have the Abyssinian mission appointed and sent to France with him. In this he would, of course, score heavily over his British and Italian colleagues as he would be able absolutely to control the mission and its purposes. The Governor of Djibouti on April 5, 1919, informed me that this mission had been CLASSIFlCATiaK CANCELED AUTHOWPTTI^Tt™ Ori-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE — «•'' Ry/^y/^,, , J^oA^^Aj? D ATE^j^.A._^ j/ K« ,— ^-gf""^ "■■ II ■ " "•" ( -8- ( r * been decided upon and would proceed to Paris with the French Minister. As the Prince Regent directly and clearly asked me to telegraph to the Department ask- ing the adyice of the American goyerzment as to the desirability of sending eui Abyssinian mission to Paris, m and informed me that he would not definitely decide upon sending one until I had notified him of the reply of the Department, I am much disinclined to doubt the Governor* 8 information. If he is correct it means that the French Minister's persuasion has been suffi- cient to cause the Prince Regent to name amission without fully wishing to do it. One of the most strik- ing weaknesses of the Prince Regent of Abyssinia is his inability to mcJce rapid or firm decisions. The British aJid the Italians, as represented by their Ministers in Adis Abeba, consider the French idea for the reform of Abyssinia as one most unlikely to give the desired results. They feel that the Abys- sinians will respect only force, and that if advisers are sent in to bring about reforms they must have the backing of military force. My own opinion is that force will probably be necessary, but that instead of bring- ing in Suropeaji troops as the British and Italian Ministers seem to think would be necessary, an Abys- sinian gendaitnerie might be organized to supply the necessary force for the foreign advisers who would undertake the desired reforms. There is the argument that such a force would not carry out the orders of foreign advisers against its own people, but it seems possible IWP^^^P^' ' ' f»' I CLASSmCATION CAHCBUBD AUTHOHJTI )F 1-8-88 FROM W. H. AMDBBflOK, STATb li -9- ( possible that it might do so If the manbers thereof received a good rate of pay promptly, and were given to understand that this prompt and good rate of pay would stop with any disobedience of the orders of the foreign advisers controlling them. However the matter may be arranged I am strongly of the opinion that some force rather than mere persuasion would be necessary In euiy reforms of value brought about In the present Abyssinian pollticali social, and economic situation. The Abyssinian has not reached that state of development where he can appreciate persuasion entirely unaccompanied by force. The French plan, as I see It, would likely be too mild, while the Anglo- Italian plan would possibly be too abrupt or severe. I cannot too strongly express my own opinion that something should be done to end the present in- tolerable state of affairs, political, social, and economic, In Abyssinia; and I am also strongly of the opinion that the desired success could hardly be brought about by placing the matter in the hands of all or of any one of the three European powers in- terested. If the rehabilitation of Abyssinia is under- taJcen the only course would seem that the proposed League of Nations should undertake the responsibility, and designate for the work some agent other than the French, British, or Italians. Each of the countries has Interests in Abyssinia all of which it would be difficult to serve in a fair and an unprejudiced mari- ner by any one of the three powers. The Abyssinisuis have wmmmm ^||^P«MIR MPVPPP ^WillFW"""-*"-^^ I 'fv ,i^w wnM^it \" WW ..ii«.' f jwr^prflf ^LASSIFICATIOM CANCELED AU'PHORITI OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T sy^ V Z' ^. J ^^v-y.^ DATEj^^^f^. Z'/. /9^^ i -10- f have also for yesLTs witnessed the Jealous bickering of the representatives of these three powers and havei accordingly^ not the respect that they would have for a neutral nationality. But if it should be considered absolutely essential that one of these three powers handle the matter, it would seem that British methods would be more suitable. The American policy iriiich has been so success- fully followed in the Philippines could, in my opinion, be very successfully applied in Abyssinia, AbyssiniaJis have many points of character in cocmion with the Filipinos; Abyssinia is a richer, but a similarly un- developed country; there exists in each country a class of christians ruling or at least dominating non-Christian tribes; and each country has about the same number of inhabitstnts. They are unlike principally in that the Abyssinians have been politically independent suid have never been subjected to European control, and would accordingly be less amenable to the guidance of foreign governors or advisers; and Abyssinia has no sea- ports. The Abyssinian situation would have the advantage over the Philippine situation in that there aJPpears to be a larger number of industrious native people (principally the subject peoples) in Abyssinia, than there were or are in the Fhilipplnes. There are so many points, how- erer, irtilch the two political dlYlsions have in conoaon, that I am firmly of the belief that twenty years of a rule similar to that which the Philippines has had would fit Abyssinia for a proper and dignified national Independence . >»^ .'. y M »- >v ■I ll i» CLASSmCATION CANCBIXD AOTHORITT LSTTA OF 1-8-68 FROM W. H. ANDBRSON, STATE I D -11- independence. My knowledge of the Philippines is derived froci nine years spent in the service of that goyernment; most of the time in the executire offices of the Interior Depfiurtment which worked in close touch with the internal development of the country^ Summarizing, it may be said that it would seem to be to the very greatest good of the Ahyssinians, of their subject peoples, aJid of their part of the world in general, if the great powers now in conference at Paris could be convinced that there is a real need for refoiming Abyssinian affairs in general^ I have the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient ser American Consul. Pile No. 800. 1*^1 ^.-'*- V. / CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T r» ' ^f • 9W^ "▼Ti , iwiiiiiv f mmit 4j^^mwmmf^am$m^n^*'f V I I A Monsieur Le Consul des Xtats-Unis d*Amerique Bn Ville. Uonsieur Le Consul: Nous, musulmans de l*Aby8si«nie, profit ant de Totre presence a Adis Abeba, nous nous empre^sons de Tous soumettre cet expose qui resume la situation et les'principales revendi cations de la coomunite musul- mane de l*Sthiopie arec la priere de le porter a la bi envoi lleuite attention de I'lllustre President de ii Totre GouTernement a la philatropie auquel sont tournes a present les yeux de tous les peuples apprimes: Les musulmans de I'Bthiopie constituent a peu pres les trols quarts de toute la population Sthiopienne; les contrees occupees par euz egalflment ferment a peu pres les trois quarts 'de toute la super#lcie de l*Sthiopie d*un autre cote nous fonnons 1* element le plus laborieux du pays. Nous sommes presque les seuls cultiTateur» les seuls industrleles, les seuls comnercajits du pays. Malgre notre enozme superlorlte en nam^re et en quallte nous TlTons sous le regime d* oppression d*une minorite insignifiante (Schoa) qui amis see mains detrlsantes sur nous depuis seulanent quajrante ans, et qui nous conduit detns la degeneresoenoe et l*aneanti8S€aent complet une petite enquete yous prourera que le monde n' a pas tu an tel regime cziuel dans aucun pays et dans aucun siecle. Pendant des / siecles •'^ r'\ B V^JyM..., A ELED AUTHORITY LETTER ANDERSON. STATE DEP'T t.l.7 7(J/.A^JJ. DATE \^<(^ij /% /?^^ 11 m\ ii«w>i n 1 ^ I l i •\ } -2- V I slecles noue arons recu librement dans nos pays de Galla heureux et palsible. (^uarante ana avant nous avions dans not re patrle prospere a peu pres (30) * millions de population et aujourd*hul nous ne ccmp- « tons qu*a peine (8) millions. Laissez les .droits polltlques nous n^avons memes les droits de I'hamne. Notre Tie, llberte, religion, honneur, nos biens, champs, femmes, enfants, notre tra^&il sont a la mere! de nos oppresseurs de (Choa). Encore une demle slecle ca sera notre disparition complete, A Cause de cette situation insupportable nous supplions le President Wilson de nous falre, a nous aussl (les plus malheurexix de tous les peuples oppresses) assurer lore de reglement des affaires mondlales les droits sulYantes: * Representation proportlonnelle des musulmaJis dans 1* administration generale du pays. Etutonomie administrative complete pour toutes les parties du pays ou les musulmans, ferment la majorite: Egalite de droits civiles et polltlques, Liberte complete de religion, d' instruction de reunion, d' association, de voyage, de travail. L* abolition du regime de confl8batlon(yara8), Le retour de nos terrains confisques par le GouTernement ou par les chefs Amharas, a leurs anclens proprletaires. L* etablissement des tribunaux independants i&usulmans daJis les contrees musulmans ayant le pouTolr executif et ne dependant que des tribunaux d* appel musulmans I /. nON CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER ROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T BTJ7/y/ / ^.... Aau^... lj^ DAT E ^^,^^, /^ / /^ ^ ••"i»^»-»- V -3- musulmans et en dernier lieu d*un chef religieux musulmans resident, dane la capital®* elu par la oommunite musulmaji sans le GouTernement cetral« La formation, d^une mllice musulman pour chaque contree musulmaxie et 1* eloigenement des troupes « de ravage ••Amhariques^' de nos pays, L^ execution lll)re8 des refoiaes que ohaque contree musulmane Jugera utiles par see organas elus (conseils comnunaux) dans les propres limites, L* etabllssement general de l^inyiolabilite de personne, du domicile, des biens daJis toute l*etendue du pays et pour tous les citoyens. La promulgation d^une const it|it ion politique et liber ale pour toute l*Ethiopie dec idee par ttne assembles generale proportionnelle et etablissant les bases f ondamentales dea interets communes et des rapportes reciproques de tous les elements du pays, Garanties speciales pour les droits des minorites musulmans^ Ce sont a peu pres les desires princlpaux de toute la population mui^ulmane et meme non musulmane. Nous pouvons, si le President Wilson ou la Conference ft le Youdront, tous reunir tous les chefs musuLniGUis du pays qui youb confirmeront ces memes reclamations, Mais avant la manifestation que la Conference nous courre centre toute haine et reyanche des Atiiliaras, Recevez, Monsieur I'honorable Consul^ notre tres profonde reconnaissance et nos hommages les plus respectueux« Vi V, Au '**-^if'm i iiiri ; - ... / CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T -1 VWHU *■ V*. tT -4- Au nom de la Cominunlte Muaulmane de I'Bthiople. Hadji Abdul Kadir Bavezir, Signed: Sl-haJ Abdul Kadir Qmer Barezir. I X >/• 'N CLASSIFICATION CANCELED Aurnvmxx*-.* fiiusUs FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DI BV/w. //._... ^..../p PATE^.A. /^ /^6 •'>- No. 282. ^^S' JUL 15 1919 AMERICAN CONSULATE, Aden, Arabia, Msky 19, 1919 I V «>-if .' Subject: Political Situation in Abyssinia, # ^■ r The Honorable ^. c The Secretary of State. Sir: Ur^y \m\\^ «» *^'^ r\ " i\ WASHINdTON. '"^•?,*l?f»*ti«» )^fVN^' I have the hopor to refer to this Consulate's despatcli No. 265 of April 20, 1919, in which is dis- \ cussed the current political situation in Abyssinia, and to add the following report of a recent development in the political situation in that country^ s About four weeks ago it became known in Adis .Jii Abeba that Ras Tafari, the Prince Regent and Croim Prince, P^ Was planning a way to diaoiiss from power the Fituararl :^ Kapta Gior^is; who is Minister of War and one of the triumvirate consisting of Ras Tafari, the Q^ueen, and himstlf, which at present controls the Abyssinian central government. The Fituarari exercises great in- fluence among the soldiers and when the intentions of Has Tafari became known large nimibers of these soldiers held meetings of demonstration and protest. There Was no violence, but the demonstration indicated to Ras "^ T i f Tafari that the time was not propitious to the dismissal of the old Minister of War and he has therefore announced a reconciliation. The « ( clas8ifk:atiqn canceled authoritt le df 1-8-58 from w. h. anderson, state d ^VV/Mn^ ,/o^j^n.7S; DAT E^.A . /7 / 9l r«— ' -< •vaeiv- • ^'*^ ^*k'AA A* iPlB'^iw— uainiRv^Mii^v """"fP'yiP^Hif ■ p . ■ ™™w«T>(^Jpp««i. HP < ■■ i.ni K. -Tr-JT|^^.J3rjir;i --»Tpr' Tr» ■ ."-t; r tw"- ■}■ ^ f y No. 329. <:LA88IFlCATlbN CANCKLID AUTHORITT LStm OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T By/^j./L^yyo^y^y.^jP DATE^^,^,^, /^ / AMERICAN CONSULATE, Aden, Arabia, October 1, 1919. Political Situation in Abyssinia. The Honorable The Secr Sir WashingtoRt^ yy^ QiQ 1 5 1919 RLE-CL t. I have the honor to refer to this Consulate's despatch No^ 265 of April 20, 1919, on the subject of political conditions in Abyssinia, and to submit the fol-^'3 lowing additional information which may be of interest^ In despatch No. 265 the triumvirate consisting of (^ueen Zeodlta, Ras Tafari, and the Fituarari Hapta Giorgis, is referred to as being in control of the central Abyssinian goTernment. Has Tafari is the only progxessire of the three, and at the time of my visit last spring his influence was stronger than that of his two associates. During the past few months the queen and the f ituarari have been so successful in their intrigues against Has Tafari that, according to very recent reports, his position has been greatly weakened and he owes his continuance in power nainly to the fact that there is no other member of the royal family who is at present considered suitable to succeed him a.s crown prince and prince regent. The queen and the f ituarari are reactionaries f or conservatives as opposed to Has Tafari, and the success of their intrigues is said to be based largely upon this circumstance. J\ .W' i» Tr .' V S'-^WJ-* ■ ..jtm^nar. m ^^H- r CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AU'IVOKTI'I LE" OF 1-8-S8 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE Dl _ B VjJyM^ Aa^jjAJ^ DAT E j^, a. n / n »'..'.'S^««A^ ., -2- circumstance. All Al^ysainians are naturally suspicious of foreigners and foreign ideas, and Ras Tafari's tendency to consider foreign influence has been used to turn many of his people against him. His principal remaining strength is in the great respect and veneration which the Abyssinians entertain for him, and others, vrho are princes and members of the royal family. Even this circumstance may not avail him, however, as the queen is the representative of the old Henelek party and is intriguing to secure the downfall of Tafari, There has even been talk of recalling Prince Lij Yasu, who is a fugitive in the Danakil country. The status of Lij Yasu is referred to and discussed in my despatches Nos, 104, 108, 122, and 123 of September 1, 12, 23, and 24, 1917, respectively. As a grandson of the deceased Menelek, he could unite many factions if his reported tendency towards Mohammedanism could be nullified. Has Kassa and Ras Failu are two members of the royal fajnily, either of whom mit^ht be able to usurp Ras Tafari' s present position as head of the government; but it is believed that the fituarari and the queen con- sider these two rases far too influential for the pur- poses which move them in attempting to oust Tafari, T^owever, the situation is considered preg- nant with possibilities which cannot but injure Abyssinia, Ras Tafari is the only hope for getting foreign influences to work to redeem the very sorry situation into which Abyssinian affairs have fallen; and if he is displaced the government and people will be further than ever away from ) L'\:^ 1 c LA88IF1CATION CANCELED AUTHORri'T UBTJ ' 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEI B-VjjyU^ ^^^^"^o DAT E^.A. n /fi^; itdllirfil^^'r!^*'**' -3- from the foreign influences which must be used to redeem this country of great possibilities from its present backward and deplorable political and economic state^ There are continual reports of small disorders in the country, and wandering soldiers seemingly plunder and rob at will. Even in the center and most public part of Adis Abeba these wandering soldiers occasionally loot shops without the police attempting to interfere. In September several of these soldier-brigands entered the house of a Greek just across the street from so prominent a location as that of the Bank of Abyssinia; robbed the Greek, killed one of his daughters, and injured other members of the family. Such strong representations were made over this matter that the government authorities seized and hung in the market place seven of the gang held responsible for the outrage. This has had a good effect, and for the time bein^* the robbing of houses cJid stores and the holding up of pedestrians on the streets in Adis Abeba, has ceased. It is considered, how- ever, only a question of time when these disorders again start as the soldiers know and play upon the present weak- ness of the government. Another recent incident of importance has been the death of the Negus Tiikail, father of Lij Yaeu, who has been a prisoner of the government since 1916 when he was captured in the fighting incident to the overthrov." of his son. 'e was a very powerful figure in Abyssinian life and even as a prisoner exerted influence. Negus Mikail was the father-in-law of Ras Tafari, the daughter of the negus having "been taken away from one husband and married to Tafari If **' Hjj? c CLA88IF1CATI0H CANCIUID AUTBORETT Ul OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DB Br/jJ.M.^y.^y^y.^ DATE^;^,^, /^ /^(^ '*«M*»«Ji«!„'*«MM!». m -Mm -4- Tafari for political reasona; as is often done in the A'byssinian ruling classes. The Princess Tafari hc*.s tliree children by her present hush and. This Consulate understands that a Mr« Scott, who has been secretary of the British Le^iction in Teheran, will in a few months go to Adis Abeba as British minister 1 in succession to Captain Wilfred Thesiger, recently ap- pointed British Consul General in New York. Mr. Scott served at one time in the British Embassy in Washington, The undersigned knew him in Teheran last summer, and is of the opinion that he was of considerable assistance in arranging the details of the recent Anglo-Persian agree- ment which gives Persia into British control. The idea is suggested that perhaps Mr, Scott is going to Adis Abeba to work along the same lines thc.t he ind his minister did in Teheran. The Abyssinian situation has several features in common with the Persian situation as observed during the undersigned's visit to Persia in 1918^ I have the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient servi American Consul^ Pile No. 800, • '^- f*^.. w *-- ■\ ' * • f -p^'^i '. ■■; • * •• ^ ■> • f. '♦ CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER MW. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T By//y///._ ./o.....rj? DATE;^.^^. J7, /f^ o^^t. -^^^^itt -a^ •^^- ■r^mriA:xi T]eiLEX3HULM: REOiilLVJffiD. m i 1 5 %-* I. H IAN •..:« I9z0 DepL O! Ocavo DfttM januarr 99^ 19aO • Reerd Slst^lOiftB a«m« 80, Janioary 39th, 1 p.n. leceivad call fr m- aro to •establish a control over Abyesinia similar to the control over ^erela, PRtPTOL, R6, M fif^ '-'D^ CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T B Y/^.yM..., ^,Lr..,c DATE y^,/^, /^ /^^ «c '»~>«. Th« Ethiopian Christian Sympathy Association 7*^ Of Americ fica-62 Bast 133 St.Nstr York City,N.Y. I Honorahla Woodrow Wilson HI. B,c.ll.nc,: ^^^If^^.., Ths Prasidant Of th^^ni.^ad'jSiatas of Amar Washington, D . C . FfibTuary 24, : 1920. __ Wa tha Ethiopian Religaous Mission Workars Raad tnriugh tha Naw York Evaning Journal, Issua Feb* 16, A raport of a religaous disturbance or war in Abyssinian Lad by one Uad Ifullah in behall of tha Turkish Haligion or Ooyarnmant .You know that the Turkish Government Report a very Low, and a _ destrutive practice against Christian Religeon, whenever and wherever it ^ Now, In behalf of AbyBBlnia^m Christian Country |We kindly ask that "^ • is possible to practice your voice be heard in the Defence of AbyssiniSiThat the Christian Banner may continue to float, which will mean much to stop the Turks destructive ' Intrusion on Religion. Any advice given now would strenthen your Democracy Principal s* Further More, Your Excellency, there is a great desire in me to head a Mission, or to take some part in one through your request to investigate v real conditions which prevails in Abyssinia* I know it would be of use to the American Government .We wait your Speedy Reply and your advioe. Most Honorably Yours, Rev. St .Bishop — President of the Ethiopian Christian Sympathy Association of America. EEEEEEEttSBfEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE (Seal) #■ ^ V CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LEI OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DI BY // " r , DATE / / ' / -^i i k. ^'KfK,^ February L-1. 19^c The Bight B«Ter«nd Th« Blsbcp Pr«8idaiit of the Sthioplan Ctarlatlan SjBpeth/ Assoc iatlon of ABsrios, 6S Bast 133rd ^trsst, Xew York City Sir, I bsg to aoknovlsdgs ths reoeipt b/ rsforsnos froB lottsr of ths I7th instant MntioitK^ distiirbsns»s tfollsh Abyssinia at tks hsad of a mission to inrsstigats oondition^ in that oonntry* In rsply I dssirs to stats that this GoTsrmssnt doss not oontsnplats instituting any snah inrsstigation* I an. Sir, Your obsdisnt ssrrant, For ths AS ting Ssorstary of Stats: ^^^ 664.00/103 t'.' 1 < < I Ssoond Assistant Sssrstary LA88IFlCATlbN CANCBLKD AU'IHORITI OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEPT ... ^/» « lil ».W «l>»i i MKIHM i M" ' '- ''■•' •' >. No. 366. ^ r\ — '~\ ^'^ ^ :.ri AMERICAN CONSULATE, Aaen, Arabia, March 31, 1920. Abyssinian Military Affairs. A^^s^ The Honorable The Secretary of State, ^ »>9j Washington. Sir: ' . »♦ I hays the honor to stats that thsrs has bssn little apparent change in Abyssinian affairs sinoe the reporV of this Consulate contained in despatches los« - - '^ ."?1 /'I -/•/ -^-^ 265^ 266/267. and 268, of April 20, 2^1, 22, and 23, 1919, respectively. It is beliered, howeyer, that eyents m are tending to a change in the present status of the country, and as fighting is likely to attend the actual occurrence of any change there has been secured and is enclosed herewith information relative to the military force and equipment of the Abyssinians, Much of this information relative to the Abys- slnlfiui army I its equipment ^ and methods, hae been ob- tained indirectly from confidential reports made by British militfiury officers, and is quoted verbatim^ A few additions or corrections hare been mede as a result of -^3 direct observations and investigations made by the undoraigaod. Several tentative moves have been made in the ^ past several months by ^ueen Zeodita and the Fituarari ^ ^ Hapta Giorgis, Minister of War, to depose Has Tafari, the Prince Regent. So far the latter has been able to bloak : 4^ those ^^'^^'-' ~'-^ - r-m fnfM m "/H* 'w^ •» * f I CLASSIFlCATiaN CANCELJED AUTHUIUXX USTTSn OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP*T B y^y//X^ .2g^..^ DAT E t^.^^. /^ /^6X^ -xrrr -2- i "^^ 4 these moves before the fighting stage was reached, but the intrigue against him continues. If Has Tafari is deposed it is not unlikely that civil war will result which will give Britain, C Prance, and Italy, the excuse for the intervention and the establishing of definite spheres of influence which are generally understood to be important factors in the Abyssinian policies of the three powers indicated. The great northern province of Tigre has be- cQKie more or less independent of the Abyssinian central government, and there are reports that the Italians are pursuing a definite plan for influencing the Tigreans V, to consent to annexation to Eritrea, The importance of British control of the Lake Tsana region as the source of the Blue Nile has already been commented on in previous despatches from this Consulate, and rumors indicate that the Sudan government has this matter definitely considered for the possible time when op- portunity is afforded for intervention in Abyssinia. The rich Harrar province is ear-marked as a French sphere of imfluence, and is importantly accessible from Djibouti because of the i5*ranco-Ethiopian railway. There has been a remarkable increase in British and French commercial enterprise in Abyssinia during the past year and this naturally enhances the importance of British and French national interest in that country. It is not possible to indicate even approxi- mately the time of the change which it seems must come in Abyssinian affairs. It is possible to say, however, that ■H^IP^^OT LAS8IF1CATION CANCELED AUTHORITT LETTIR ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T By//y//^._ rru--^? DATEJ^^^Z-Z /^^X -3 c that whatever change occurs or is attempted the Abys- sinians may be expected to fight vigorously and vicious- ly if the integrity of their country is definitely threatened, and when the fighting does come the informa- tion in the attached report should, it would seem, "be of interest in that connection^ The attempted imposition of French rule in Syria and of "Rritish control on the Arabian Red Sea coast is viewed with apprehension by nany Abyssinians v^B c.n indication of what they may expect when the time is opportune^ I have the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient servant) \ KlSulK^.J!^^JC American Consul. A Enclosure: As stated above. File No. 800. i<:. AllOil CAMCILB0 AimMMSR OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDBRSOII, STATE DBPnr ■^..^■,...3^ttrf^\»jm''VW(vm«'r-\.:>>* r'.>«'>»*tii'f Designation of Force, Rank and Name of Leader, Strength, Imperial Army Shoaa Army district of Wallega Sellali Jlmma Harrar Ginlr Aruasi Ooffa Kaffa Kuilo V ^ Olalrra Kambata Gore Gsono & Wallamu fCoata Pituararl Hapta Giorjjle, Minister of War, Oanazmatch Makonen Wasseml. Azatch Metafferia, Azatch Glzau, Bajrond Iguzu, Total Imperial Anny Has Demisie Has Kassa Hegus Al5a Jlfar Has Tafari ("b) Dedjaz Nado Dedjaz Kabada Hangasha Dedjaz Mar id Dedjaz Katana Dedjaz Blrru DedjGu ICulugeta Dedjaz Woldo Gabriel Dedjaz Ganami I Fituararl Alula, Liqmakwas Hapta Iflkael Fituarari Asnafi Nekempti Sayu & Gidami Traders, lesser proTincial officials, miscellaneous Dedjaz Oabre Xgsierhiq: Dedjaz Jotl Total, Shoan Army (c) ' ■• t yi» . *- 30,000 6,000 ( c aralry ) 16.000(a) 51.000 12,000 16,000 18,000 16,000 5,000 5,000 6,000 5 , 000 3,000 2,500 7,000 8,000 8,000 2,000 35.0 00 !•' ^5 % IM.OOfl C O ■ !■ 'It iiiiil :^'--- ■or'' .-., '■'W*' • ?^*'' «, ■»'• •V-' ATni CAMCILS0 AUlVUHlll OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANIII1I80II, BVjJ.U.^ ^o^^n^' DATE STATE DCP^ m ^•'iu«»». .1 ■.' -j—z • "'••,* • -2- T--^ Designation of ■Porce. Rank and Name of Leader Strength, ( Tigre Array jiagyemeder & Gondar Ras Seoum <» Oodjam Wollo Army Miscellaneous Ras Woldo Glorgis Ras Hailu llegus Mikael (d) Total 120,000 60,000 40,000 120,000 30.000 370,000 Imperial Array Shoan Army Other Provinces SUMMARy Fituarari Hapta Giorgis Provincial Chiefs Total Strength of Abyssinian Jforces 51,000 150,000 370.000 571. OOP (•) (a) The «mpress*s household includes: 10 battalions of guards: 1 battalion equals to 800 men equals to 8 meto (companies); 1 meto equals to 2 amaa {\ companies); 1 amsa equals to 10 sections. (b) How heir to the throne and head of Empress Zeoditjir*8 government. (c) Of this total ^h« real fighting force may be 120,000 maM: tha others, thougih soaiatlaas amed, beiag slaves aad canp followars. (d) Defeated and taken prisoner at the battle of Shano, October 27, 1916, ' ■ (e) Includes 50,000 Oalla cavalry. *.. . H«B« All the al)OYe fibres should be regarded at estimates^ H^ « 1 ■ — «-K^ (F ^ OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. B »V Jk. AMDIRflOII, STATE DEPrr -3- AHTILIgRY. ( S6 script Ion of Gun. Number, 1 1 60 mm. Russlam mountain guns 70 an« Austrian mountain guns 1. 65** Maxim Nordenf elt 75 mm. bronze, Italian, 1334 65«3 iBm« Hotchkiss 1-pounder Hotchkiss 75 m. Vickers-Maxim i^.F. Mark 11 47 am. Cockerill * Congo* guns 80 mm^ Trench mountain guns, 1373 Austrian Schwimmer guns (modern) 80 am. Austrian mountain guns, 1883 80 mm. ICrupp mountain guns Unclassified Total number of Abyssinian guns 12 11 50 26 12 90 (a) 6 (b) 6 (b) 12 (b) 233 (c) (a) lb) ic) Tliese guns are Stored at Dire Oawa» whence it has hitherto been impossible to more them owing to the difficulty of transport. Megutf Mlkael* s artillery. Another authority mentions 12 80 mm, muzzle-loading guns, 2 80 nm. breech- leaders (Italian) , and 2 80 mm, Krupp guns of position in the Oalla fort near Ankober; these should possibly be added to the total. u^b :%^, i ^ ATH]PUAm;« _,. FROMW.H. A N D B H fl OW, STATE IMBP^T -4- StC/OL ASMS AlTD AimUHITION. Numb Rifles (in store) (a) Machine guns Small arms anraunition (in store) (c) 1,000,000 120 (b) ij, 000, 000 (a) (b) (c) Two-third8 of this number Gras rifles; the remainder Berdana, Remington, Lee-Metf ords, Mausers, Wetterlis, and a few muzzle-loaders. This figure is approximate and does not include the machine guns, formerly in the possession of JHegus Mikael, captured by the army of the Empress Zeodito atShano on October 27, 1916. There is an ammunition factory at Akaki river, about 19 niles from Adis Abeba, under the control of an Englisliraan named Himphreys. This factory is supplied with 2 sets of 200 h.p. hydro-electric machinery of British make, transmitting at 6,000 volts to the capital. This installation is said to be capable of turning out 10,000,000 cartridges per annum, but actually the output is insignificant. The repair of arms is effected there, but no arms are manufactured, i^actory at present closed owing to lack of raw material and high cost of operation resulting from inefficient management . There is still a considerable number of rifle cartridges in the country, used as currency; but these, owing to their age, are of doubtful value. The reserves of ammunition maintained by the Chiefs are probably of impaired efficiency owing to careless storing. v'l^^ •. ' -r ■^ * *«*^ r ■ -5 ^ — *^ "'fc ' ■-•'*" - -^ iiiiiil > » A A: »■<» i*mm I m vmm "■

;r. -. _ Vv o w cx, cconplis}'r:e.:t 3, corbined with tl:eir mobility and haruinood, make the Abyssinian mountaineers good riflemen. Moreover nearly all of them can ride, and they are fairly good horse-masters. In war, about one-tenth of the sirmy is mounted, but the tendency is to gight on foot, and mouTited troops, witii the exception of the Galla cavalry, are anployed as mountain infantry/^ — ^ The trainlu of the A'byssinian rifleman is, therefore, eomewhat similar to that of the Boer, but ■ \ »• ' n unlike ' "'I WIP^ ^ , '■ ..-v*%.. .11 _. CAMCILSD AUIBUHIif FROM W. H. AMDBII80II, STATE DBP'T """""^ '^ ■ 11 1 — _ . . ,,111 - I ail ■■ ■ ^— ^iW— l^^r^^ \ -6- f' unlike the ^oer, he ha'bitually regards fire-action as the preliminary to shock-action, for whicli he is especially anaed^ The AbyssinianaBeem fully alive to the importance of the artillery arm, and their gunners, trained by French and Russian instructors, have proved themselves the equals ,r»\x of the native gunners of the Italian army. At the siege of Makalle the success of the Abys- sinians was largely due to the effective h8.ndlin^ of their artillery. Eas ?^akonen, on the arrival of his quick-firing guns, took prompt and successfull adveoita^e of their superior ran^^e and accuracy over the guns of the Italians and rendered the position of the latter untenable, further testimony to the efficiency of the Abyssinian artillerymen Mras afforded at the battle of h « A d owa . General Albertone's native brigade was sup- ported by 14 7 5rnm. mountain-guns, of the 1884 pattern. m The battle was at first an artillery duel, the Italians doin^i (jreat havoc with their mountain guns on the dense masses of Abyssinians before their develojlnent. The .wbyasinian quick-f irin^; Hotchkiss guns soon arrived, and taking up a position on the lower slopes of Mount Garima, poured a plunging fire upon the Italians and shortly silenced Albertone's artillery, -». -. »s ..f gun after gun "beirit; put out of action,— TACTICS. • *^ » .'^ 4 , ^ i I.. ^ .»»■ -^ -1- The tactics generally employed consist in ■ . • .' • . * •■..■• . • ■ endeavoring" to surround and rush an enemy, ' rifles being • '• discarded / * •• » '* '\ * ^v l».(j%J.-w^ nKm CANCIUBD AUimmUi IMTTm^ FROMW.H. ANDBRSON, STATE DBP^T ►^ — -.^••' u, •"i»-*«W»«'^"'**^*^*" ^ -7- f) diccarded in the final stage of the attack and the assault delivered with sword, knife, and shield. Artillery is employed in supporting the pre- liminary sta^jes of the attack and in keeping down the hostile artillery fire. A kind of stereotyped "battle is favored, to the development of which the peculiar Abyssinian organi- zation is applied as follows: The envelopment of the enemy is commenced by the Fituarari (commander of the advanced guard), whose troops, dividing into two parties, make a wide detour round either flank of the enemy to get to his rear. These parties are followed at a short distance by the ri^t and left wings under the Ganazmatch and Gera2:match, wliose object is to outflank the enemy, while the centre and reserve are directed r.^Q-inst the eneny^ s K ^l k ■ij front. I The rr^ovements are carried out at a steady trot, and are covered by a cloud of skirmishers, who maintain a steady advance, meiking use of available cover. When the melee commences the cavalry close up behind the assaulting infantry and hurl their throwing 8p«ars into the ranlcs of the eneciy. The dangers of such an invariable system, which enables the opposing connander to anticipate the action of his opponent, and which leads to the detachment and — isolation of a large proportion of the attacking force are obvious. " nevertheless, when successful, the result is of a most decisive character. Several striking examples of ■J -^ . • ' J*". V, .-..*<■ .> c Rpii^pr^f ■nwnpnpiii.mij.iMfp -fF'^ww^^r 'fji^vm'i'^'' '■■•^■^'TWi • j;4 OFl-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDBRSOW, STATE DEPT f ( f -a- of this c.re afforded by the recent military liistory of Abyssinia; such p.s the Enperor John's victory over the Dervishes at Gallabat in 1389, the Emperor Menelek' s defeat of the Italians at Adowa in 1896, -and the battle of Shano which ia described below. fa Though the Abyssinians are in possession of a considerable number of machine guns, nothing is known of their methods of enployin^i tliis weapon^ COroUCT TOWARDS PRISQJffiRS. The conduct of A'byssinians towaxds prisoners i* fre:iuently "barbarous^ JX fter the battle of Adowa the Italian prisoners were divided amongst the chiefs, wlio were made responsible to the Kmperor for their safe custody, Hevertheless the troops of Dedjasmatch Besheer, on the death of that chief from the result of wounds received in tlie battle, mas- sacred all their prisoners, to the number of 300, including 40 Italians^ During the same battle an Italian officer, who T^ ;.> i^ previously been made prisoner and paroled at MaJcalle, Was ae>ain captured. He was immediately shot; but Italian native troops ^jailty of the same breech of fafcth,were, when captured, tri3d by a council of war and sentenced r _ ■ ' to mutilation, wliich sentence v/as duly carried out, ; T^ain, on tlie occupation of Harrar by the troops of the "^press Zeodit/i on October 9, 1916, about 400 Somalis were massacred. - f ■ ' 1. ' MOBILIZATION. Some particulars with regard to the mobilization of Abyssinian troops during the revolution of September 1916 ..i s ^ 'f / . wtr-f^-ww^' *' 'J ^v^L I ^ « » 7ROMW.H. ANXmiflOlt, STATE DBPT lW I|W ..H >II W « I II *^., ^ i. ' .^-. 15^ -«•- ^-N s. X. %.. #^ s * '- 1916 have "been obtained, but they are, unfortunately, too incanplete and fragmentary for a complete survey of the subject. :*'■•■'• > ( Six main telephone and two telegraph lines ... radiate from Adis Abeba to the outlying provinces. These were possibly employed by the Abyssinian government for the conveyance of orders to the headquearters of provincial chiefs in the neighborhood durin^^ the civil war of 1916. An extension of the existing system of lines is contemplated, and it should therefore be borne in mind that when carried into effect the time required for mobilization and concentration may easily be reduced. The Franc o-Hthiopian railway does not appear to have played any part in tho 1916 operations (report ^-<. • ■ I forwarded with despatch Ho. 364) of the gOTernment against Harrar, A detachment of 2,000 men with guns was sent to Bulga, and in position on October 3, 1916, five days after the outbreak of hostilities. It is the practice of Abyssinian chiefs to march » *• before their commands are completely assembled, leaving the late-cpmers, who are generally numerous, to overtake ••..• ' > I the main body independently. ■M"^-- J - . ^ The concentration of large armies must in consequence "be attended with much confusion and delay, ^.' as appears to have been the case in the instfiinoe^coTered "by the report forwarded with despatch Ko. 364 of March 30, 1920, ', / • A W » * , * I •.•■■^.- f \ \ .-U -^-»- ,' -A.^ *i-.^.h^ t^ ^^ 4 ■ i-if ♦. • <■ CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTBH OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T ^x/jjJL^ ./o.^n.^j? date^.a, /^^ /f6^ i:^ 0k M:. I •' ' ' » ^ > • f No. 364 MERICAN GONSULA UtkJ^li U- ^t§l© A a^ 1«20 Aderij Jtx^ia, March 30, 1920. \' /^/ - .•' '■•^ .V > ^ • v/ •/ Subject: jhe Abyssii>i4n Civil War of 1916. J The Honorable ± MAY 1 4 192n The Secretary of State, Washington. Sir: I have the honor to forward herewith a some- I I I i What detailed report on the Abyssinian civil war of 1916 which resulted in removing from the A'byssinian throne Prince Lij Yasu, the grandson and successor of the late Emperor Menelek. Much of the information in this report has been indirectly obtained from reports of the British Legation at Adis Abeba and is quoted verbatim. This Consulate was not able to forward to th^ Department as complete information at the time, and al- - though the matter is now some years old it has been considered that in view of the importance of the event in AbyssiniaJi history this more complete report would be of value for the Department's records. I have the honor to be. Sir, 1 Your obedient servant, American Consul. Enclosure; AS stated above. -^ File bio, 300. I VMMS^'JJSZ "wrj!. .....^., 0' ^,.< S LAasmCAnOH CAMCILKD AUTMIRIi 1 im OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDBRSOM, STATE Dl WfUfifSS'mm.- mm'm^ ■- -i"***""**" i"Wiw*i» •ji. > " -"■ ■<■• -'^■,.v^'v r .. (•»V-" ■•»■ THB ABYSSIUriAN CIVIL WAR OP 1»16, .a. The Islamic tendencies and micgovernment of Lij Yasu, grandson and successor of the Braperor Menelek, alienated the loyalty of the A'byssinian chiefs, with * the exception of his father, King Mikael of Wollo, the most powerful man in Abyssinia. O^'"^*''-^^^^**^^'^'''^ yvA-*^) On the 27th September, 1916, Lij Yasu was deposed at Adis Abeba, and the Princess Zeodito declared Empress » ^vith Has Tafari as heir to the throne^ • The revolution was supported by the Shoan chiefs and immediately ciccepted by the people of that province. Of the other leading cliiefs, King Kikael dec- lared for Lij Yasu: Ras Woldo Giorgis of Oondar eind Bagyerneder, while professing to resent the neglect to consult him, prepared for war with King Mikael, in- fluenedd no doubt by his 1 on {j- standing enmity with the King: Ras Hailu of Godjam and Ras Seoun of Tigre both eventually gave their adhesion to the new regime, but took no part in the fighting. The military strength of the shoans was about 120,000 nen witli 30 guns and 120 machine guns of various kinds. Twenty-four days were required to mobilize and concentrate. King Mikael had 80,000 men with 24 guns and —^ socie machine guns, and required 14 days to mobilize aAd concentrate. The compactnesjs of his territory gave him in this respect an important advantage over the Shoans. Lij it . IPPWM MWW I ■ ■> 4 I \ 1 LABSIFlCATidN CAllCILto AUf lUllUl )F 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDBRSON. STATl B ^Y/jJy M.^ ^^y.^ 'DkTZj.J,^ »'^|M'ill*|WPIW'S'''P'f'f*' ■"' -2- :|--* rjrr "W^^ r .- ' ■» vs ) ,v ■ r ' I Lij Yasu on the outVreak of the revolution was at Harrar, phi lander in^j with the Moslems and arming the Somalis, but no estimate can be made of the forces at his disposal, which consisted of the Harrar garrison, under ^ituarari Gabre^and probably some thousands of Somalis. On receiving the new3 of his deposition Lij Yasu lost his head* Harrar was full of his Mohammedan followers, yet he publicly renounced Islam, a pusillanimous step that failed to secure the allegiance of his Abyssinian officers. At the outset, therefore, the new government was fr.ced by tlie necessity of fighting; on two fronts, and its first endeavors were directed towards prevent- in^; cooperation between Lij Yasu and his father. To this end a force of 10,000 nen was ordered to invest Harrar. On October 1, 1916, Lij Yasu despatched Fituarari Gabre, vith the Abyssinian troops in Harrar, to oppose the r.dvance of the Shoan army. On the 7th Pituarari Gabre deserted to the Shoans, with all his men, at Chalanko (40 miles west of Harrar ) . On the evenin^^ of the 8th October Lij Yasu, who was completely unnerved, fled secretly from Harrar, making for the Dankali country where he remained until _ after his father* s defeat, without raakinj any attempt to aGciot hin. On the 9th the Shoan army entered Harrar, and a massacre of the Somalis ensued. your ■• % <>W|i > " i ln ii| j i >.-«.. . . -«*- '■Xui**\ V'^ '^^ "***f t.»*u OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDBR80M, STATE D vp^W^MMmMaAipKKitiiMwwraMH tKiWWWil." HWiiWtti I .y^- ' lC#»-<~ '^ -3- your hundred were put to death before the killing was stopped "by Dedjazmatch Balcha, at the instance of the British Consul. The government, rapidly and erasily freed of the menace from Harrar, was ahle henceforth to devote itself entirely to its preparations to meet the impending attack of King Ifikael. But the Kinti, whose army was ready to advance about the 7th October, was compelled by the probable hostility of Has Woldo Giorgis and Has Seoum to detach I from 20,000 to 30,000 men to defend his northern frontier a^iainst them. .•' The government decided to concentrate its main army, under Pituarari Hapta Giorgis, minister of war, at J •k*. Shano on the Ankober road, 40 miles north-east of Adis AbebcL. On the 7t}i October, to cover the concentration, 6,000 men under Ras Lul Seged were scut to Sahala Dingai uiid Tegulet, with a further 6,000 under Pituarari Gelli in support iit Ankooer; v;}xile iias Makonen with 5,000 men Was ordered to hold the two Passages of the Adabai river. On the 13th October Kinj Mikael was advancing through the province of Tfens ^rith an amy of 50,000 men, rava^iinr; the country. On the followinc day he took Sahala Din^iai and TeguHet, driving; out Ras Lul Seged, who thereupon retired to the Moat it mountains ten niles south of the former place. 0:: t:-.e 16th Octoter Ras Lul se-:*ed i^as ordered to iij.ll "bckCk or. Ankober, vrhich he did, closely followed "by Kins Mikael, who attacked him there on the 17th. On '.y-^- '«^'i-*d9U*^' --> JJ^ OF l-e-58 FROM W. H. ANDBRSON, WUij.U.^^ojLrj.^ DATE %^^' .X ■TT STATED! wmmmmrn^.*^. -4- On tlie 13th Ras lul Seged, now reinforced by Fituarari Gelli'o 6,000 men, took the offensive against < . ' 5.« . ) ■ < » ( the King, and on the evening of that day was able to report that he had met with success and was in pursuit of the defeated army^ On the 19th the Kin^;, whose retirement may have been L ruse, attacked Ras Lul Seged, surrounded and t' »,» • ■. r destroyed his army, and captured Ankober. Though RaB Lul Seged was killed and his army annihilated, the resolute resistance which he had offered ti. ,-v 1 , .\ to the vastly iiuperior forces of ];he Kin^; v;a3 of incal- culable service to tiie Shoans, for, between the 14th and 3 •• .'' tl . 19th of October, the Kinc had only been :ible to c.dvance c distance of 20 miles. The situation on the evening of the 19th October was J 3 follows: The Shoan army, still short of important con- t indent 3 whicl. w^re beinj ur^jently called for by its com- mander, was stroni;ly entrenched at Shano, 35 miles south- west of Ankober. Ras Mal:onen with 5,000 men was v;orkin^^ his way up the Wanshit river, an affluent of the Adabai, towards Worro Hai^^u, an important town on Kin^ Mikael' s line of comr.ranicat ions. Ras Kassa of Sellali, witli 5,000 Shoans and a lar^l- force of (ialla cavalry, was threatenin;^ Kin£__ .* ' 4 4 4--.H. ' %.J ■ — ?£ikael's ri^ht rear. Thus the isolation and envelopment of the King was already in progress, and his original chance of suc- cess, which depended upon his ability to strike a swift ^'"'^ - and «KF 4«i^*WAW«M« _j^ia&..: *<. r^ ' U'4i^*>- v'-»*i»toi<»^- ^'^ ■.■if:-';'ijfs;v^- •■■i,-.^ . f LAflSmCATldK CANCBUSD Ail iflUHIl 1 Ltf OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. AMmilflOlf, 8TATB D! ''■■■XMMaaam^- *v "":k' ■',-'■ A*.'.' -5- c and decisive "blow TDefore the government could concentrate n.ll its widely dispersed forces to oppose him, v/as rapid- ly vanisliin^, A prompt advance asa^inst the main Shoau army wa9, after his success of the 19th, open to the King and afforded him a last opportunity, which however he failed 4,. ,., >'. ' \ r to grasp. On the evening of the 21st, with the arrival of y^- the last contingents, the Shoan concentration was com- pleted, and an army of 60,000 men, with a great superiority in artillery, occupied the Shano position. On the 22nd Has Kassa^ s cavalry seized the mountain passes in rear of the King. On the sane date Has Woldo Giorgis attacked the army left hy the TTini* for the defence of Wollo and, having dcf'j.it'3d it, took Desse^. About the 24th Ras Jc^akonen reached Worro T^ailu, and at Ifrata completely defeated Bltwadad Wolye, who was -larryin^- witli reinf orcemezits to the Kind's assistance. Tl^c capture of his base, the destruction of •4 ^i V the reinforcements lie was awaiting', the presence of^as Kassa' s cavalry in his rear, und tlie impendin^^ exhaustion of his supplies, left King Mikael no alternative but to fi^ht or be starved into surrender. On the 27th October he attacked the Shoan axmy at Shano. The Shoans were at ffcrst hard pressed, but the timely arrival of Raa Kassa proved decisive. The Wollo - anny was annihilated, the King taken prisoner, and all his artillery fell into the hands of the Shoans. The losses < « lA .«<«. .«^4M»)tii||ni -*?*v' OF 1-8-58 FROM W. E B ANDBRSOIf , STATE D DATE tl,A . n /9l <'WIWMife>'i*i)- V V ■.■■If'Jli i ' . ^ !•*- \ / V--' -6- i- •1 ■ ' . \ as^ c losses of the Shoans were about 20,000 killed, iacludlMg »-,. those who fell at Amkober. "A" AA imterestlni^ li^t ia thrown on the working of the Al^ysdinian mind *by the strange inactlTity of the 1 ■..■*. Shoan army after the achleyemeat of its great victory. The immediate occupation of Wollo, the pursuit ..'■.'■'. ' ■ • and capture of LiJ Yaau would appear to be measures » t dictated hy the necessities of the situation, indis- pensalDle to the final establishment of the goyernment^ s '*,c authority, and to the general pacification of the country, yet nothing was done. 4 On the 2nd XJOTembor Has Tafari a»d Vituarari Hapta Glorgls with 20,001 men returned to Adis Abeba, •» y- .J— ' i- ^»*-' ■ * » . I' > where the Bmpress held a review of the victorious troops. • aK while the remainder of the army lay inactively at Shano. The underlying idea appears to he, that the «^4> i^ ' n*. ■•Hi- ■.:r'«<- • ,H^ <.^ e '. victory must be celebrated and the slain mourned for« • , 'v } • V ,^- y .: ' = o > • « « » t , '< » • » •1. ' • »Ar 4 .. f »: V '>'. « •' •# • S- ■ .1^ •// t S*. ** . '' "9 ** — f^' ;/.* ^ ■• » •* . -i > '. vWv ^»' . »• • « t ■ < • 4, # « i^ a ■*f^ WT.T^T% -58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON ^X/j,,^L^../o..n..u^ DATE^^.^^. /^ //6^ 10737. AMERICAN I January 21, 1921 j*^ eat Britain and Abyssinia. r t) The Honorable The Secretary of Stat Sir A U I have the honor to report that puhlioation of the w*- proceedings of the Abyssinian Corporation, in the course ^ of which Mr.Erlanger announced that his firm had gona f ^ into the enterprise, being urged to do so b/ the Foreign [/ Office, has resulted in some comment, and, apparently, in some ozttioism to the effect that Great Britain is planning to absorb the country. Pains are being taken to dispel this thought, and very probably the complaint of the French Government that the Abyssinian Corporation, with the aosi stance of the British authorities in Abyssinia, have broken the agreement between the United Kin^jdom, iYance, ana I^aly respecting Abyssinia, has had something to do with it I The Department will recall that I have trans- mitted particulars in regard to this agreement in O o r p coHAeotion with American oil enterprises in Abyssinia. 03 l.P'"W^"" !!BBr lASSIFlCATION C AMCBtKD AU ilOHll 1 LR P 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDBII80N, STATE DB (f'-iWi^!^* *,'c. '»''^si»f%' ^ J>y: * ^''WwpiispiTff^.^iiswf**' J**?*" '^ . . ■0f. ,■/.>«,-, -4, ■■ ■■■•''W' 2* I sa •aoloslng herewith a oopy of an article from "The laily Telegraph" ef fieoeiiber IS, 1920 » -■<■• — - ' »' whioh seems to he inspired* I hare the heaer to be. Sir, Tour ohedient serrant Ameriean Consul General* c t % • 1. • 7 863.RPS.BC «»- ■■ ^ .TH i - ■^"■t- -U. Znolosure: ?rom"the Daily Telegraph"of Deo >12> 1920 . i -» * V .'* ' • V* ' t ■■■• '. z <' •' * - ^^,....4*«i444to4i*''^ .' =- ■-* ■ •* '.* OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE Dl 1 The Daily Teleg raph , January i;f'.1921. BRIT AIN & .AB:^S Igli^ A RBPLY TO CRITICISM From a diplomatic correapondent . In recent weeks a ceirtain amount of public attention lias "been directed to Abyssinia by articles in the British and French Press, In these it has been Suggested that British policy in Abyssinia has undergone a change during the past months, the insinuations being accompanied by definite charges of British intrigue, for the most part these accusations are of such a fantastic character that they may be disregarded* But it may be worth while, in view of the public interest in the matter which has been e^cpressed, to deal generally with the question of Great Britain's policy towards Abjfssinia. The kingdom of Abyssinia is not a strongly orgajxised, unified national State* It is, on the contrary, of mixed nationaulity, including many rather wild and undisciplined tribes, and its continued existence and orderly development is unthinkable without at least the moral support of European Powers. Of these, the thoree most interested are Great Britain, France and Italy # The aim of Great Britain is to-day what it has always been^ namely, to assist in maintaining the stability of the country and to secure the open door. Such intervention as there has been has been directed towards these objects « We may, for example, take the case of British action in regard to the duties levied at Jibouti, which has led to exaggerated comment in certain French Press circles. T!he facts are these: Jibouti is the port through which nearly all traffic for Abyssinia passes at present. By the treaty of 19©^ between Italy, France, and Great Britain, it is provided that goods shall not be subject to any fiscal transit duty levied for the benefit of the Rronch Colony or Treasury. By the same Treaty absolute equality of treatment in the port of Jibouti or on the railway is guaranteed. But from time to tiDitrcaaes have occurred, due possibly to the errors of local officials, in which the provisions of the Treaty have not been strictly carried out, with serious results to trade with Abyss inia# When this has happened the British Government has been bound to protest in ti.e interests of its nationls* Other complaints can be shown to have equally Small foundation. It has been widely suggested, for example, that as part of a great British plan of ex- pansion arid commercial penetration, numerous officers, Specially selected, ]:ave been sent to Abyssinia during the pa3t year; secondly, tiiat it was the British Government which established the ambitious Abyssinian Coloration with a view to cornmerci€tl and political propaganda* As regards the first suggestrion, all that there is to say it tliat it was inevitable that, after the Armistice, ex-officers 3hoald form the great majority of the representatives sent by British trading firms and finar cial organisations to Abyssinia or elsewhere* But that there hasbeen any official despatch of officers is quite untrue. ^^mmai*-^^ l.__. . *** \».V: *'ift*t^^.-; OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE D BXi^ 'aj±L DATE >^/,. /? //^^ f -2- A similar complete denial may "be made to the ojiarge concerning rhe Abyssinian Corporation. To anyone who read t ha report of the shareholder's meeting and the chairman's 8peec]ti in leading London financial papers of Dec .3. the whole matter will he perfectly- plain, hut it may "he as well to summarise the facts, , The Abyssinian Corporation was formed in the ordinary way to develop trade between this ooimtry and Ahyssinia. On its incorporation British Foreign Office approval was given, together with a promise of assistance, 3uoh as would, of course, have heen given zo any reputahle firm trading in a rather difficult coimtry. The corporation, nevertheless, met with misfortune. Its accumulated stocls of certain commodities in which the markets were falling, and the situation revealed hy the chairman's speech to the shareholders was an3rthing hut a favorable ne. However this may he, nothing can alter the fact that ^he British Oovemment did not estahlish the Abyssinian Corporation, and all the arguments huilt up on this supposition fallahsolutely to the ground. The remaining accusations concerning British policy towards Abyssinia are of a military nature. But all can he shown to he tti haseless as those -,vhJ.oh have preceded. A great deal h^ heen said lately, too, about the Abyssinian, arms traffic. The #jcatit position in this respect is easily stated. Xsgperienoe has shown that letjcity in control of the arms traffic is invariably followed hy frontier raids , and Great Britain ts policy is , in agreement with Trance and Italy - a parenthesis which must he eng;>hasised - to keep traffic in arms with-in the limits consistent with the maintenance of the country's stability and with the general peace. To discern in such policy any intention of undermining French influence in Ahyssinia is sexy wide of the mark.x In this respect therefore, as in all others, suggestions of sinisiyer intrigue on the part of the British in Abyssinia prove on exami4ation to he mares' nests. British policy to-day, in Abyssinia remains what it has always heen, one of loyal friendliness to the Abyssinian people, its leading principle a desire to ensure hy all means in its power- the independence and prosperity of the oouttry. / I •V t -^ t 4 ,t. " ' No. 11 . i- ■^J CLASSIFICATION CANCBLBD AUTHORIXX nv i-ft-sa FWOM W. H. ANDERSON, STAT ^y;i^ QjaH DATE j^ .A. /^ /fi^;g. ' ■■■»i— "*ir i^ ■ ■■■ iipii •> *» J^ -..-... — < Jitf ti HAM *,-. ERIC AN CONSULATE, Aden, Ar>il)ia, March 28, 1921 SUBJECT: Roported Capture of Frlnce LIJ Yaau of « AtyBBlnla. The Honorable The Secretary of State. OrPARTMENT OF ftTAlC. APB^ao 1921 DIVISION OF WashingtoJ. IIW eastern AfFMRS. Sir: I have the honor to report that according to deepatches from Abyssinia, the capture has recent lir been made of the deposed Prince LiJ Yasu who for overf I four years has resisted the forces of the Prince Regent Ras Tafari. It is reported from seemingly reliable sources that the captured Prince has been imprisoned at Adlc Abeta and it seems to te the current opinion that he will soon ••disappear''. % \ I have the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, jUi/i^u/?^ .^-^Mu^ yjnerican ConBul. File rro. 800, / -< "^ * CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORTTY liBTTMi OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T ^ y^>JL^../o....^ D ATE ^,^^, /^ /f^^ y mm ■ » \ . -- »•» -\ ■*?".' -r> No. 27 .< JiiL 14 1921 AMERICAN CONSL|liAnnB;al Informa Aden, Arabia, Jun« 2, Subject: P»Iitioal Svents in Abysslni f/y .00 //t 1 6 % The Honorable The Secretary of State. Sir: JUL 16 \^2\ Wasi1iington.vi!?on ^ I havft the honor to refer to this office's de- spatch No. 11, dated March 28, 1921, (File No, 800), regard- ed ing the capture of the deposed Abyssinian Prince Lij Yasu, and G r» to report further developments in Abyssinian politics. 4-^ However, in the first place, it is necessary to sta1f# that owing to the complete lack of publications of any kind in "^ Abyssinia and to the difficulty in verifying reports, it is en- tirely impossible to vouch for the accuracy of runars concern- ing the Abyssinian situation. Recently, frsro apparently reliable sourceSi it has been brought to the notice of this consulate that the deposed Prince, whose capture was reported, was later released by Ras Seyoum, one of his faithful followers and friends, and taken te Bessie, north of Adis Ababa and close te the frontier of Ital- ian Sritrea. The present reigning prince, Ras Tafari, is re- ported to have followed towards Bessie with some 50,000 troops with the intention of having LiJ Yasu delivered te him even at the cost of war. Up to the present there has );>een ne report of * fighting, but without doubt there will be trouble between the two divisions; one headed by Ras Tafari and the other by Ras SeyevB- .— * *.i*.^* LASSmCATION CANCELED AlHBORlTTLBTTrai vTiTs-SS raOM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T \i - 2 - .U \ J>«y«um and Lij Yasu. It will no doubt mean many months of inter-divlaion strifo and naturally very unsettled conditions economically and conmercially. One of the immediate effects of these unsettled f; conditionsy aa far aa this office is concerned, will be the im- possibility to obtain conmercial statistics to be used in con« nectien with the annual report for the year 1920. It will also probably necessitate the return of aims and ammunitions recently purchased in the United States by Ato Polos IfanamanOi the rep- resentative of Has Tafari,-- provisions now in Aden and for which permission for transshipment to Abyssinia was being sought by the British authorities here. It is hardly probable that under present conditions the pexmisaion will be granted. Again, iB case of a complete change of power in Abyssinia, it might affect the working of concessions recently granted by Ras Tafari te the Anglo-American Oil Company of London. Any further developments will be promptly reported. I have the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient servant. MOi^iriY^ ,ipt/t^^ Anerican Consul. Pile No. 800. ,-• ^ CLASSIFICATION UAWUJSUSi^ au j OTT i_ft-Sft FROM W. H. ANDERSON X M. &JKI £d.a^ DATE STATE DEP'T v^ ♦.v c ♦. I No. 10. v / > .^- ^j. iV^'^^ » ^ ^AH H 1922 te -"^ AM£#iCAN CONSULATE, •', ' -.. / AA«n, AraDia, f^oruazy 6, 1922, Al)y8Binlan Sltuatia ( The Honorable R 10 1922 Ff^T^FPTATE • • jDepartmoni of Sir: HINGTON. ^2.., 7^.r...z^ DATE ^,A, ^ /?^ i. 'mm** mtmiim^^ -2- The oontlniiQPce of ivisettied political condl- xi»n8, parti cui or iy tha mutual Jtalousy •f the European powara, and tke Inaubordl nation of petty chieftains, has conpelled for the ti«e being the eeaeation of all efforts to develop the country, Syen proi^ecting undertakings hare Deen largely halted, and no new ones are being inaugurated, lb is inconceivable that such a condition can oantinue iB«iefinitely, and it is moat certain that within the next few years, s«ie mecns peaceful or otherwise be found to \y^- \ exploit the enoxvoua mineral wealth of Abyasinia. The political aituatien ia exceeaingly ag- gravating to aiiy person or concern seeking to develop the A~ country. The central ruler of the country is Has Tafar i, ^ aho seeas to be honesily well disposed beware attcnpts to exploit the Mineral resources or the country, provided a share is paid xo his governnent, and due eonslderaxion oe given to the interests of Aoyssinians. To ootain a con- cession rroBi hiM is by na neons impossible, although dif* ficxilt oecause of the nechanations of the various diplomatic representatives of the different Suropean powers stationed in Adrs Abeba^ All such attempts encounter the united diplomatic opposition of all the rival gevernaents, with the result that they usually either ceme to ioaadiate grief, or are alowly atrangled to death oy ooatruetionias of one kind or another. Seme attempt a at proapeeting, auch as V that of the Standard Oil, and aeveral mining companies have disclosed something of the great mineral wealth existing but as far as actual mining operations, no oonoem as yet has boen able to surmount the difficulties. '€ ^ '*^M K 'i 1 ,^ u %i\ The .^ ^" '■ v/ CLASSIFICATION UANUISULLI AUinvxvia x lui OTT l-ft-R8 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE ] B Y//y//i.... ^ ^., T^cA^n.U^ DATE =>4-^ % -3- 1 The T«8\XLtlng situation le yery ewnpliaated, Dut it seeBS Ineritable that the efforte vill be continued steadily interesting larcer and larger financial and political interests in all the eovn-tries, until s«ae incident ocears irtiidi will precipitate a serious conflict perhaps OTon InvolTing soae of the powers in war. if the political difficulty could be renoTOd the V econonic barriers would not be great. One railroad already enters the country running fron i;jioouti in French Soaali- land, through Dire Datea to Adis Abe be. The Southern part or Aoyssinia has a route of approach by moans of the rail- roads of the sudai^ further extensions would be a question * of Bon^ rather than an engineering difficulty. The Bineral deposits alone to say nothing of the agricultural forest and grazing resources of the country would osply repay the initial cost. The desirability of discoToring a peacible solu* tion to the proDlcn of exploiting the Bineral resources of Abyssinia is rery great, but it will be by no bogds easy, Fational Jealousy between the French, Italian and British, the nations most closely interested in the surrounding territory and nost keenly aware of the possibilities of Abyssinio, is already intense, and oB abrupt or strong BOTo by any one of them or of their subjects seens certain to precipitate rery grare international eoBpli cations, if not actually load to war. The prise at stcke is a Bost ▼aluahle one, and no nation can afford to see any other one nation secure the country or even a dOBinant position thereii^ Though not directly inrolTed, JBierica has erety reason i pyji :\, w^WAa^ »)4 <^" {j-~K \\s>< C \N f- V*~^, U»iU.^ ^ 3 1^1 III I " I I 1. CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LE OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE D "S VUyUn... Aa^...L^^ DATE ^^,/ /^ />>^ •I.' •t -'•^ *, ■• * -4- t\ ( I reaBon xo be rery greatly interested in the dispesitien Bade ef etioh Talnable territery. The military difficulty ef Bveduins the oeontzy would be treMendoae, eeeause ef the spirit and fishting aoility of the inhabitante and the diffieult natare or the topography. It io not heliOTed that any such coarse io adTi sable or necessary althotigh it vonld not oe beyond the realm of possibility for soae such attempt 1.0 he made in the future unless, some more peaceful course be discoTered. The Abyssinians have displayed an asiiity to maintain a fairly staoie goTerment capable in general or maintaining public order and it is Delierod they are in fairness entitled to retain ana enjoy their own country » out it is exceedingly doubt lul if they will long oe permitted to do so, unless some way is found to permit the peaceful ox- ploitation of the resources of the country. It is under* stood that a tentatiTO agreement for the partition of Abyssinia was reached during the war by England, 'ranoe and Italy, out forced into aoeyance by more pressing questions. The question must IneTitahly arise again in the near future. It may be that the present agitation about the si are trade has in ix an element festered with a riew to facilitating a morasent for the partition of Abyssinia^ A plan has been proposed which seems to offer a poseiblo altematlTO to partition try force and some preliminary steps taken xoward its consuBnatioii. It aims at the creation of a species of international syndicate or corporation, in which interests of all the leading nations should be represented by shares in the capital stock. Such (1 i i _y;, . ...-_-, ( CLASSIFICATION UAWUILLJSLI AUinuiui x jubj OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DI BY/^jy^L... /o.r..^^ DATE ^^, A, /^ //^ -5- Suoh a company would ••flik lo secure the alpl«raatie oacklng of the gOTernmenta, and secure a eeneesslen from the Abyssinian geremnent ror the expioltailen or the resources of ADjsslnla^ The capital of the eaapany would oe sufficient io penult it to atignent If necessary the military resources of the central goTernftent In Abyssinia, sufficiently to Insure the peaceful prosecution of the work of deTolepment or to enploy forces of Its own for the same purpose. The corporation as suggestea Is not wo be narrowly restricted to the three powers at present most closely InTolred In the problom, because It Is bellOTOd that If organised on this gorenaent. So far as Is known this plan has reeelred no official support fraa any nation, but It Is sincerely oellered that the penetration of Abyssinia Is Inerltable, and It Is therefore merely a question of altematlTe methods, and that unless some saeh peaeefnl proposal Is followed, It will only be a question of a few years before sene interests In some one of the nations will press forward to ( J < ( narrow basis the national Jealousies now existing would oe \ so strong as to render the disruption of the corporation certain, oTon If sueoossfully organized, if, howerer, all of the leading nations, Including the United States, Jsjpan, t^emany and such others as might derelop an Interest in the plan, were drawn Into the organisation the Jealousies would It Is oelloTed oe sufficiently diluted to render the success of the corporation Tery possible. It seaas to •ft^r the only promising sehmse for a peaceful derelopment of the country 4 • which will leare the Abysslnlana in control of their own r. CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LE*: OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE Dl B Y/////X.., ^^...^ DAT E^^,/^, /^ //^ -6- x,Q such an extent that their gOTernment will be compelled txj the national sentiment of their people to support them, and will thae create a situation of the utmost gravity and almost ineritahly lead to a Joint war of conquest and partition, or possibly to a confliet oetween the nations thus threateaea with the less of the mineral wealth of Abyssinia on which they all hare either open or eoTert aesigns. At present the situation is characterised sy Tigilant inactivity on the part of all those interested. The situation is constantly growing more complicated and eri ti eal. The nearest inerioan rep re sent at i to to Abyssinia is the inerioan Consul at Aden, who is a week remoTod from Adis Abeba, whidi is of course the center of the important dereiopments, and is obliged to depend en fragmentarj; * iksed and garbled second hand reports of current events there. There was fomerly a Consul General at Adis Abeba, but the post was Closed during the war and has not been reopened. The protection of American interests and the securing of an equal opportunity for imeriean capital in the development of the country either in ease of armed intervention or in case of peaceful penetration are believed to render it urgsit that a representative of the iMierioan govemsent oe again placed en the field in Abyssinia. I have bhe honor to be, &ir, Tour obedient servant. iHerican Consul. File Ao. 800, CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHUKIXI i^in OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP* ;^H' 4 PKPJU^MCNT or STATt IVISION or NEAR CASTCRN AFFAIUS a ^ »\\. X t«a*t %mi rtliabXt tki* report Jttmm MiUm b« or wbotlMir lilM 3««rotttr7 >i UMild bo disposot to toko oay otopo* . To« will roooll thot wo bftt • aoto ti^ tho Brltlok Biibooflif tho otbor taj, ^ottitlsg ogolnot OB Aaorlooa oiapBont of tewi to tho Bogont of AbysslBio* also Mtiooi artioloo 1b Bngllak poriodioolo ilpMit tho 41otorbo4 oUto of offoiro iB V t' w Aif««iaia< >. .•^•• . " I J . K*t.- , ,, -^.^^- __^ «,^^ ■—.—J ^ **>>■ CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHOIUTT I^ OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATl » • 1 .(jt; U. L>ept. ol o;aLi>. ••tretAry iMitlilngt ^^^^^^'** 9l^«96« Of the oonoXviion afTMMtit >•#■•»• 9$m^ <► «» «..'.> 4' *' ,1 WILL INOIQATI WHITHIII CollMt CtMifgft D^pMliMnt on Charfo to $ ^*t^"* -.^ .^'^^■m^^'M*: i . ^' i' f ^ s : '^^ OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, I simr. Ar\ ". M ■r^*:f »-. :^* I .# .. ti^ *'^ • %' * 4s.//% f J-- AMMlibMiV BMdlB* mo LA nuTicAi -^ELEGnAPHSE '%^': "%■ *'" a -* n '"*J t.*!,^ .. ,.;>7L.". *K''*-' vw^'- ■.'►■•"Sf't*^" *ir**^- I .flit • » 1 T'Tw w^. !*-«,. .,.iJWk^.' #-> *«,< %" U/ ■? -^ / ^ ■ > ;.'^i .>'':t'i e3 ,^M. ^;^ , ;. «.'*« w^i t ♦ RECEIVED ••*«••«• ;..' |IARibB2? $^W t ^iff . *, m rt " tf . #1* . I n # * ' " > ! t- ? r / ^ ' CLASSIFICATTQN CANCELED AUTHORTTT LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP* OSB i \ '"". /^ I ' '... S.J . was received in the Dep. rt- 1:..-1 }.»o^>! /- \ T'opt fW ^.t.ile. Rome v.. Dated March 18, X932 Rdo'd 5:13 p.m. :;^' ■■■■•i»'*"««««W«««*« ■Ml* • < !■ I II "■■ ' Secretary of State, > f « < * T^ashin^ton, D.C "^giaa 40, ?iapch 18, noon. Can find no foundation here for report meiiiiohei 34 ^//^ c^^«// /our 4/p.m, r of French Smbassv states he 1 • A v% /*t kno^e of nothing of the sort*^ Forei,^ Office official has.. stated privat«lf 'that there has been no agreement bettfsen franee» England and Italy since the one of 1906 excepting reeent understanding to prevent the inportation of arms la Abyssinia. ^''^ ^ ^'^ /• ' ^ OX CHILD ^ 4 •«{ V r B This cable v/a3 received in the Depart- merits Confidea-* tial Code , It should be closely para- phrased before being cotrmuni ted to anyoae A ■ ^' ■M ■W Wl'« I I • fi ^il n ^ tiifcl ■•■■ ANDERSON, T>KTEJiJj^^_r2^jJ^^ *■•*«».. -«»*r wT' • I »•*■■'■ p 1 1' 1 ■ . r» No: 2i, i ' 90 1922^' ^ .U^TANr i£^ Aden, Arabia, March 8, 1 /^p;; / ; CT: Agreomont readied con of A / Honorable DEmTMCNT Washington. rl v^. <:^ t- / r^ 9 I hav<3 the honor to refer to ray telegrcw of \ March 8, 1922, and beg to report that I have obtained strong! •Tidsnce that the partition of Abyssinia has already been agreed to by Great Britain, france and Italy, xhe re8pectlTe\ (T| spheres have been delimited and it is believed that it is only a question of a few months before open action will be taken. P Hat'ters have moved much more rapidly than I had any reason to P09 suspect at the time of my despatdi ¥o, 10 dated P-ibruary 6, tuidpT it 13 only oy cjii unusuGl. opportunity that it \\z.a been possible •-09 s to secure tLi 3 evi^l(3iic<2, for tnc iie^^oti otions reri all condmctad by the respectiv'^ inirdators at Adls Abebo, curl in vi ?w of the re)!iote]i«3 3b of Ad^ii Tran th3 sc3ii3 of emotivity it is impossible to keep !:i0r'3 tnoii uji certainly in toucii with tnz developments in /.hyssinic;^ It is re cordi.Ljly afiain respectfully BUijgested that it night b-^ "idviaable to place gui American representative ■ ogain on the fi?ld at Adis Abi^bs as soon as possibl?. It is believed that it is too late now to materially affect th(? ._ ■\ s • ■ iratnediate course of events, but the next few yerurs i:iu8t in- .^« evitably bo crucial ones for this part of tlie v.orld aiid without -- 3 post in Abyssinia, America will be severely handicapped^ It ;^*" 'r V, ■••* _ K . -i .iTf'^ ChASSmCATJXXf CANCBLID AUTHORlTf LBTTiH OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP' B^j.M.^.yo.....j^ DATE^^.^^, /^ /^6^ *■' 1 * ^ ■■ A ■ fc- i * ! n/^^ tr^ /<« '. -t f." J r \ \ f — - - «- ■»- 1 i } r y- anr-icsrs: >*.?-. >■ ..^■. CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITT Ls^rw* OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE vn/^if(^^^,, ,?oAry..tj? D ATEj^.A^. n f -2- It i.3 not ■boliQved that a mero vlait to Abyssinia wo ul d be productive of any results of value at this time. It is con- ceivable, however, that circun stances mi^t arise in which it would be most desirable and if the Department cannot see its way to reestablishing the post at Adis Abeba, it is respectfully suggested that funds be made available for such trip in an emergency. A few days a^o, the head Kawass of the Italian Minister at Adis Abeba returned to Aden for a brief r visit after 17 years of sonri ce in Abyssinia, Through the energetic alertness of T.T. Yusuf Khan, the clerk of this Consulate, it was learned that he had in hi? possession a map of a proposed partition of Abyssinia, a copy of Tdii ch is being enclosed. The Kawass is very much addicted to driruc, v/hi di has been both a help a^id a haiidicop in dealing v.ith him. He seems to hav3 enjoyed the familiar confidence of his master the Italian minister, Sig, Piacentini, ipdio has been in the habit of discussing local Abyssinian develop- ments with him. His general }cnowledge os far as it has ( been possible to check, has been most accurate. As far as can be ascertainGd, there have been a lon^^ series of meeting between the British, French and Italian Ministers, held usually at the residence of the Italian Minister. Various ^' ' naps have been drafted in the discussions showing the demands of the three powers, but at lost meeting before he left ■ tw^ . Adis Ab-iba, an agreement was finally reached, and put into - writing in a document which was signed by the three UinisteriBt The i I >v -V.'l- .^^ ' . V J^ 1 -^ .^. i.^^^,.^^ ^. m. ^-. ^ .•ijin^fc uM*«a«»rtfc^M«^ / - V '-: l^^inH*MI||«i^WMim«HM«MMIIWMH«VK«ww..- CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHQiOTX liBirwi; OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T "S^/Jl a±^ DAT Ej^.A. n / 9(^:2^ \ -3- The prectBQ details of tliis ogreament are unknown "but Sig^ Placentlni told the Kawass that the agreanent had "been finally reached and within a few monthB open action would l3e token. This iB believed to mean that the home governments have al- ready rsiven their C5)proval to the division. The enclosed map was the rough draft on which the three Ministers worked in the last meeting, j?nd is said to have been brou.'jht to it by the British Minister. Several copies of this map were made with much greater care and accompanied the documents signed by the Ministers, This map was discarded when the official ones were completed, and was picked up from among som^ scrap paper after the meeting by the Kawass, in clean- ing up the room. xhe original beors the initials of the three Ministers written on the boimdary lines. It is noted that the map is inaccurate in some of its outlines, especially the eastward projection of Abyssinia and is eyi dently only a sketch map. In general, howeyer, it harmonizes ndth the expectations as to the res- pectire areas, nhich would fall to the three powers in the case of a partition. The unique feature, howsrer, is the square "neutral zone" around Adis Alseha, As far as can he ascertained this zone is to he come a central goreming area in which eadi country is to maintain a "quarter* as its ' * • * goreming head quarters for its district^ The reasoil for this mysterious prorision is unknown, unless it is an attempt to oroid the necessity of creating new capitals, in a wild — •• --.>< unsettled region, away fron the railroad, and find a solution of what must hare been the perplexing problem of who should receire /: ( 1 > . >. J ■ I. j^ * t CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORTTT LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T B ^y/ ^Ll ^o^rnAJ? D ATE (^,^y /^ / ^6 ^ r -4- receiTe Adis Abeba, the capital and texmlnus of the railroad. The diTision is fairly equitable, although in general it would sean that Italy is receiving the less Yaluable areas, and that French territory is of more im- mediate Talue than the British which, however, probably has greater future possibilities. The northern Italian area which lies in the rectangular region adjacent to JSritrea, includes the immense potash deposits of the Asal salt plain, and a considerable extent of fertile agricultural land and a good hide and skin area^ The Jfrench is the irregular areo extending east of French .'ind British Somaliland, It indudea the coffee country, ths best akin ojid hide country, the riehest agri- cultural region, idiich is also suitable for European colo- nization and the coal ond iron deposits of the Shoa ciul Aiikober districts.; the phosphate and petroleim beds raid the lead oiid silver oiid sulphur daposits of the Marrar district anrl probably mojiy other as yet undiscovered mineral resources, xiio only existin^^ railroad is .Iso in this area^ Nothin^^ of any importance is Icnov^n to exist in the southern Italian area, which is tVie sector souther^t of the Frencl\ The British portion is the lartjest in area and is the continuous b'3lt in the west cnci soutli, which adjoins and supplemeiits the Sudan and east African colonies. Farts of it ore suitable for European colonization, rT\(\ it yields ivory, hides, akins, and a certain amount of coffee. It also , 'f /• i "i»,., > ... sv «<'>e more cleorly directed toward t'le end of intervention^ There is no doubt that slavery and raiding exist in Abyssinia, just as they have for years, but there se<3ms to be no other explanation for the agitation at this moment. As far as I have been able to ascertain the articles in the YJ'estminstrr Gazette though overdrawn are none the less substantially true. 3. »-» ( i in this connection I beg to report that the Anerican mu nitio ns saidB to be lying at Djibouti to the best of my knowledge are probably a consignment purdiased by aii agent of the Abyssinian goverrtnent in the United Statea They were stopped by the -tsritish authorities in Aden and are still here. The Abyssinian agent came to the Consulate during my predecessor^ s incunbency and made out the form for returned American goods, leaving $400 to cover the cost of the freight back to the United States. Before the guns and anmunltion were shipped he changed his raind, deciding to leave th hero in hopes that sometime he would be able to get them into AbyssiniOt So the matter stands at present. The $400 is on deposit in the bank, and the duplicate and triplicate copies of the bill of lading are in the safe. The original is »,' J^^^ '<« "bv CLASSIFICATION CANCBLBD AUTHCmiTT LETTBR OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP»T _ ^VjJ/IL^ ^o^^n.,P DAT E^,/ /^ / 9 In 2. -7- Is Iseliered to be somawhere In Abyssinia in the possession « of the Abyssinian goverrtnent. Internal conditions in Abyssinia hr^e tcken a turn for the worse. The Baratl tribes/north of Abyssinia are said to "be in rebellion, and the Governor of the Marrar province i 3 so insubordinate as to be regardecL/.in a st^te of semi rebellion. It is riuaored that these troubles have been instigated by the French. Recently at Dire Dawa, several Somali s attempted to sniug(:ile some Mario. Theresa dollors out of tha country in contravention of ithe decree of the Aby33inian governinent. The AoyssiiiiMi soldier on guard ordered them to halt^ Instead of complying they sliot rind killed him, in retaliation the Abyssinions attacked I the local Somali colony arid killed over a hujidred of thora^ As these were British, French and Italian subjects, it is believed it will be made use of to furtlier the partition I sell erne. The Abyssinian government is financially ne';irly bankrupt because of the loss of duty due to the cessation of the export of hides, on account of t>he lack of demand in Europe and the exactions of the insubordinate local authorities on the trrmsit trade. Goat and sheep skins ura still coning out of Abyssinia though reduced in quantity cuid coffee seems to be normal in the ctnount of its shipments. Business men, however, oTe very apprehensive, and are every- where closing their tranches in the interior, coiitiiiuing only their larger ones on the railroad^ _ Considerable numbers are also leaving the country. It ^^-M .- ^ ^ .^^■ iHt I M C LAB8IFIC ATIUW K^ATis^ B «« . »„ «™„,™, OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DBF'T ^... MMk-v..' , ..,.>,,«Ji<---f- ■ M*. ' : ■.!(..,■•-/■ -- «yy*^r •^*- •« »^»^ • -8- t It is inconceivable that the Abyssinian govern- m^nt is unaw^^xe of the recent developments, but it is un- known what course of action they are planning to follow. As a matter of personal opinion, I am inclined to agree with the prevailing opinion that Has Tafari, the heir apparent, Uapta Georges, the Commander-in-Chief, who is the real ruler of Atyssinia are neither of them of a calihre to cope with the situation. There seems to be no one with a shadow of the ability and strength of Menelik. Accordingly, it would appear that the best course for all concerned would be a partition and the establishment of an orderly govern en t. Aside from the agreement of the powers whi cli now seems to have been reached, the principal difficulty will of course be the military one. Opinions differ but the Abyssinirjn enjoys a splendid reputation as a warrior. ^ Wlietlier he will be able to meet ^lachine guns and aeroplanes is ajiother question^ At any event the subjugation of Abyssinia will be an expensive operation, and in view of the .financial situation of Burope it mqy well be asked if the powers in- terested will not prefer for the time beirtg to retain the Abyssinians in nominal control and adopt a system of com- pulsory advice within spheres of influence. No light has bean secured as yet on this point. Pro?:! the point of view of American interests, if the open door is insisted on, there is no reason why American business -rill not be much better off under JSuropean - control. If the partition is going to mean, however, preferential duties, and denial of mineral concessions and similar » . y.'t CLASSIFICATION CANCELBD AUTHORITT OF 1-8-58 FROM W.H. ANDERSON, STAT «w««te -»V "I -9- >, similar practices, it will involTe the loss to Merican of one of the richest markets and sources of supply remaining \in developed in the worlds * I hav3 the honor to he, Sir, Your obedient servant. American Consul. Bn cl Bure : Map of Ahyssi ni a^ '.; Pile Ho. 800. %♦ wi^mm x^ ^•^ s 1^ I^Aooir lv^/\ iiwi>< v^rvi^i OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T "X'f f' //<,.;.■■- 1... ^lCi.c. w '. DATE ■//^i ^ T / % ^/^ ^ V II. 10. y-ff '.•.>opartaMi%, oa trldth aa atta^pt hat ba«i aaAa to okow tka Uaaa of tha allaiai projaatad partltioaaaat, aa iaAiaatat hy tha aaaaapaajiat akatah aap. la fotvaviiaf thla iaforaatloa tha l>«pavtaaa% Aoalraa ta trav jonr attoatiaa to tha aaavaat froa vhiah it vaa obtaiaaA, and to ooipvaaa tha opiaiaa that tha ataaat aautiaa ihoald bo azaraisat la aaaaptlaf vapavta af thla natoro. At tho aaao tiaa it la AaalvaA that /aa haar la r ^ (^^ -«c CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHUKll Y LU.ric.n OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T BYL^.; ... .:. r, ,>- DATE^;,,'^, /;;: /A ^ '/ t . f -g- ■lalL %hm poflsUiliV that th« r«port in quastioa anj b« tnM, and that you k««p th« Dapartaant full/ InfonMd of aqf daTalopaanta whloh maj taid to oonf Ira or to dltproTo it* In this oonnootlom your attoatlOM la tarthmw drawn to tho third paragraph on pa go 6 of OonamI Oroaa'a doapatoh, in whloh ho montiona tho Aaorioaa nnttitiona t roforrod to by oortain artioloa in tha "Waataiafttor : Qaiotto.** Tho J>epartaont haa rooontly roaoiTod froa tha Britiah Bahaaay a ooaamaioatioa on thia anhjaat, oopios ]>epartaant with. aoiuraa tha roroign Offiaa yon find oaaaaioa to oonolnda that thia oorrotpoadonaa haa haoa hron^t to tha attoitioa of tho Pronah Qoramaaat, yon aay intiaata that it haa haan ooaanniaatad ta youraaXf ; and with raapoat to tha ooaaigii* aant in quoatioa yon aay atata that ita aaport van authoriaad hy tha i)opairtaaBt in Tiov of ita Tory liaitod aiia and on tha nadevataadias that tho Priaoo Ragaat of ▲hyaainia vonid nadortaka to ahtaia tha eonoant of tha ProDoh anthoritiaa for ita iagportatioa Tia Jihntl* Inatruatioaa in a aiailar aaaaa aro haiag fenrardad to your oolloaguoa at London and Soaa^ whilo Htm Oonanl at Adaa la boing ioatmatad to traaaait to tha Xahaaaiaa at London, Parla and Bono oopioa of aay forthar oonmanioatioa on thia anhjaat whioh ha aay find oooaaioa ta CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T BY // ' u- > DATE .: ,,.. /;/ /A ;< 1 to aAk« -3- I «1, dlv. Y«iv •^•di«B% ••rrftiit. C' _>' t- It: j^Xtll-i^i> ik> riioKU* I SDoXoaiir««t • aop7 of d«»p«t«h JHo. BX of Mar^ 8, 192£ froa Consul at Men. Photoat«t oopx of BlLotoh aap tranmUtod with 09lSla&I of tho abOT«* Photoatat oopy of aap of Akyaslala 4r«vB in tl I>«p«rtaant* Copy of Kota frOB tha Jlrltlah Bmbaacy. Vaahini Pebruarjr £6. 192 1» Jopy of PapartBimt * a raply to tha foragolae. Maroh £0. 19£2. * e64«00/U8 IS BQD/^VP I ^,c;,y. \ K r> fit*. n 7 /nir' Al'vev A. Aaeu m 7 . >»21 F 192? T* ^ { ItUI X r\ L \ t 4 V OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T BY-,.//. -..,...., DATE ,,,,, ^ . /'/, /A /. crTiaT April C, l'J2Z, no. Cecil I!, P. Croee, i.eouiro, A-nerlcjin Conerl, Aden* Cir: The Decartraer.t }.ue received yonr telefrram of u /; 3 :.'firch 8, 19P2Z 2 f#n,, Mr;f! yo^r c!et:7ntch lioi 'ill of the ea-nc df.te, reportirp th.rt yoii > ^-Vi* obt;ilrod evi- dence to the effect thrit h\i aprofriCT.t ar to t> e partit^jn of ilb7i:i:inir Iimsl^ been arrived at ty the SoV'-^rnnentis of Gref^t HrltiJln, Frar.oc, n^d Itfily. r YoTJ »iro ir. forndd in rci ly th-.t the tibit^^rice of your i.'bc,\'c nrntioiied leicgrHm v.-.c c.blod to the ^m- l).vi';:iet J. t ^.or.dcxi, Parib, f.r,d Hone, .'.itl. ir.Btr liC tl oris to f' rnith t}:e Loi^nr t-^ent with L'uoh c or, flrmo tl on of I I 1 t : thit: rerort n^^ "li.^ht dltcrcctly be obtali.cd. From the AnhniLfidor at ?-.riy no reply h^i. a^; yet Loon leceived. The Anb^iBimdorK at London ririd Homa^ hov.cvor, have re« ported th^t tjo far at: they nre iible to learn ^ the only rooujit neproti.^tioiiB which hnva t^Ken place between the three Govcrnaente v?ith roKpect to Aby8ein5.a relate to the ll'TiitHtion of the trnfflo in trme. You nre fi:rthcr in ''or nod thf t coriet of , oli ^ilcve •mmtior.ert dervatch are alLO beirr trant fitted to the n'nbMsr.f.o ore . •I * OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T BY^' '// T ;.• M- DATE :,,i : . r/. / /c Z ^***. >' -£- AflibaSBadorB In queBtlon, together with photostat copies of the sketch nap encloaed with your deapatoh and of a more acourate map of Abyssinia which has been prepared In the Separftaent. In forwarding thlB material attention has been drawn to the souroes fron i^loh yon obtained it and the Department has expressed the opinion that the utmost oautiflMi fehould be exercised In aooepting reports of this nature. The Ambassadors hare neyertheless been Instructed to bear in mind the possibility that the re- port may be true, and to keep the Department fully informed of all deTelopments whioh may tend to confirm ot to dlsproTe It. You are herebjroautloned and Instruct- ed in a similar sense; and you will henceforth forward directly to the three Ambassadors in question copies of any written communloatlon on this sab;;ect which you may iialce to the Department. There fire enclos ed herewith, for your oonf identlcd use, one photos tnt copy of the slcetch map transmitted with your despatch of Uarch 8th, and two photostat copies of the raapf prepared in the Department - on i^lch an at- tempt hae been nade to ehow the llr.eB of the allef^ed projected partitlonment, as indicated by your sketch m»]p. In explanation of "^e discrepancies between the two rnape, it may be stated that the relatlTe poBitions of certain fixed geograT>bieal points were so inaccurate on the sketch map as to marie the plotting on the Department's map of the lines of demarcation between the alleged British, french and Italian lonea largely a matter of conjecture. In case <^ /h ^. CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T ^:,.IL:.:, .:..■.... DATE ,^/, fz /'/,; < K ^/; oaee you obtair. any Infor ^ati n corflrm^tc ly of the renort imf^er (•oruMcUn fit l-^n, :'oi. fae rocn.etited to correct on one of the two f r.cloeeo cc)i:leL of the J;eT)art"ien t* t: moD the Unco boiiTic^inp the five nretiv^ iridjcntecl on yoi.r oicetch "^ap , and t^^ rfjti n- th*^ c rrocted nap to the Iio- T)arV:f:nt • ^Mth rernrd to the conelrn-iont f ar^c and annuni- tlon fr.r tbx Irinoc Keror^t of Abyc^Mrilu^ r.o^vV detai^etS at Aden, nietit'oned "^n na^^ot- 6 nnv 7 of yoi r der> atch cf Inarch 8th, t}:ero hevo alrondy been :^ rwnrdod to yoT), under d?ito cf 1'^ rch fl, l^VA: ^ co^iei^ '^'^ c'< rrcH.ror.de^^co « v/lth t>:c JJrItUh /:)^.^ By or< th U^ ./i/r'act. Oopieu ^:iVO " alFO been tr^np-^lttod to the :. \hy^i 'vi at •ondon, JariB ar.d ^.one.with « rr tri c t i >ni' co^c(»rr»lrR certain ronr^LOr:- tatlonc which nay he ttvic^b to the i}o\m rr'nent*^ in qiiOLtl n. In r^tt e the ^"la^ ter oo bro;rht i^i nn;; (^fj*i<* 'al \.ay to yoi- r attor.tion by the lochl ^jv thoj 1 t let ^ yov ire l].t:tiM'tod to Say th .t yoii iinocr^lMic the Tiutttfi* }iaL bier, the iiiV/ect of corr»';L'rondeTiOe lotv-ecn ;;oi:r GovMii'OCht fii^c^ th<'it of CfTCPt Hrltain. fi^rth^r intl -ifit i/. ^^ th? t v'^n-r .Oovernn^nt Ir :. nmev'}>r t ft a loir to comprc/erd v;hy the It^o^il au- thorttier lIi iJd VhVo dot 1r.od \X Aden th.l^ trr con- eipnrnent, the e3(j)ort of vhich v/r. aiitov^ rl ::ed by the Department In view of I tb very li'iited Ll::e vnA on the imdore t»ind inp t/j:t the Prince ;(o?^ent of nbyit^Binla vvould , V 1 A CLASSIFICATION CANUKLJJiU au 1nv7n.11 i x^x x^mx OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T m^^./L..„ 7r.;....C DATE ,,/ r/, / /j /. would itBd«rta)c« to obtain tho ooneont of tho Fr^nob authoritlts for its laportation Yia Jibvtl* I &■» Sir, Your obedient Berrwit. ♦r^ cnArleo E. Hughea Bnoloturee: S Ik Photostat oopy of elcatoh aap transMlttad with despatoh Mo» El of V.arch 8, lOCH, from Aden. £ PhotoB'tftt. c ipico of «j nap of AbjTBtilnia* 1 \ ^ i ; t 884 •00/113 / M' Al"vay A. Ada©.; APR 7 . '»2« .. APRiO 192f A c2 C I Li 1 I OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T BYw-/^.. :..-.,.. DATE ,,,^,. /;/ / / , /, Io« ui,^ April 6, 19£2, Tht Honoial)l« 0*0 rg« Harr«y« ▲a«rloao Aabaeeedor, LonAon* sir: In further refer«no« to th« Sapartaent'e confiden- tial teleirraphio InBtmotion of March 10, ropeatod from Par la, and to joux confidential reply Mo. 132 of March 16, 6 p«B«, relating to a report received from the Con- sulate at Aden with regard to the proposed partitioning of Abyssinia between Great Britain, /ronoe, and Italy, there ie enclosed herewith, for your Information, a oopy of a despatch on that enbjeot which has been reoeived from Aden* There ie aleo endoeed a photostat copy of the sicetoh laap transmitted with the origlaU of this despatch, together with a oopy of a more accurate sap of Abyssinia prepsred in the department, on which an attempt has been ■ede to show the lines of the alleged projected partitlon- ■oat ne indicated by the accompanying sketch map* In forwarding this material the Dspartment desires to drew your attentloa to the sources from which it was obtained, and express the opinion that too great caution oaa scarcely be excroleed in accepting reports of this nat&rs. \ ^ ^ tv, OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T BY^' li ' ,r i DATE /,..; , /;/ / /d Z i -B- natiir** At tli« eatao tine It iB d«Bireepartaent has reoently reeeiyed fron the British Bmbassy a eomoRznioation on this tn^b.^eet, oopiee of whioh and 4i?lllthe Department* B reply are enolosed herewith. Yon may in the course of oorTersation with officials at the Foreign Office find occael^n to Intirwito thwt thiP correepcmdence h^ l been cowiunioated to yon; and you are authorised to add that yonr Oofemient is eoaewhat at a loats to comprehend why Hie Majesty's OoTomment should have detained at Aden this small conslfonment of nnd ammunition, the export of which war authorised by the Departnient in view of its yery lliilte<1 size nndjon the understanding that the Prinoe Regent of Abyssinia would undertake to obtain tho oonsent of the French authorities for its importation via Jibuti. Instructions in a eimllfir t^enee ore being forwarded to your oolleaffues at Pario and Rome, while the Consul at Aden Is being Instructed to send to the Kmliassies at London, Paris and Rome copies of any further ooonunication on this subject 1 ..«. * . *— •Ar^ CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T * I -5- 8i]bj«ot whloh hd miiy find oooaBlon to mate I an. Sir, Your obedient eerrant. r'c- Qtearlea X. Bl^J^ee Knoloeiiree: 6 Copy of deepatoh No, £1 of March 8, from the Coneul at Adon. Pbotoetat copy of sketch reap traneiiltted with original of the above* Fhotoatat copy of map of AbyBBlnla drawn In tho Department* Copy of note from Brltleh Emb^'.esy, fJaehlngtcn, Pebruary Copy of Department's reply to the foregoing. March 20. 884.00/113 \^ \ I'll' APR 7 , \%zi APR I 1929 n >r a^ V OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T Y I ^ <, I April 6, 19 B2 Bo . 1^^^ Th« Honorable Rlohard irashbum Child, Aa^loan Ambassador, Bona • Sir: In furthar rafaranoa to ttoa JDapartaeDt^s oonfidan^ tial Volaffraphic Instrtiotlon No. £4 of MaroM 10, 19afS, 4 p.m* rapaatad fi^om Parle, and to your oonfidantlal reply Uo« 40, Ma^on IB, IE ii., relating to a report reoalyad frora tha ConeuXate at AdMi ne to the proposed partitioning of Abyealnia between Oreut Britain, Franoa nnd Italy, there is enolosed heroKith, for your infoma- tion, Q oopy of a deepatoh on this euhjeot whloh has been reoelTad froa Adaa. There is also enolosed a photostat oopy of ths sketoh map transmitted with the origihal i^ llr« Oross* daspatoh, together wi^ a photostat of a more aoourate map of Abyssinia drawn in the Papartmant, on vhioh an attaapthas been vade to show the lines of tha alleged partitioament, as indioatad by tha aooompanying sketoh In forwarding this iafbimatlon tha I>apartmant de* sires to draw yoar attention t) the souress from whioh it ! i i OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T BY,./L. :...,.. DATE ,;,,^, /;/ / /, ^ • <* .£. it wae obtained^ aid to BTpxeBu the opinion that too ipraat oantion oannot bo exeroieoA in aeoopting roporta of thia natura. At the sama tina it ia daairad that 70ti baar in aini tha poaaibiXlty that tha raport in quaetioB outj ba trtia, and that yon keap tha Dapartnant fally infonaad of any daTalopaante which laay tand to confirm or to diaproTo it* In thia oonnaetion your attantion ia forthar drawn to tha third paragraph on paga 6 of ^ttimatH.-Crosa'a dets- patoh, in which ha oiantiona tha Aaarioan flmnitiona raferred to by oertaln artiolaa in tha "Waatainitar Gazatta**. Tha Dapartiaant haa raeantly race iTad from tha BritlBh Sabaaay a ooBnunioation on this aubjaot, copiae of vrhioh and of tha Dapartniant'a vplif tharato ara anoloaad harawlth* If in tha oourea of oonverea^ tion with affioialB at the Uiniatry for foreign Affairs yon find oooaalon to conclude that thia oorraapondanoe haa been brought to the attention of the Italian Oo^rn* sent, you nay intinate that it hat alao been ooamunioated to yonreelf; and with respect to the consignment in ques* tion you may etate that ita export aas anthoriied by the ^apartment in Tiew of ita Tory limited aixe and on the undaratanding that tha Prinoa Regent of Abyaainia would undartake to obtain tha consent of the French author itiea for its importation Tla Jibuti* iBctriiCtiona in a eimilar aansa ara being forwarded to your oolleaguea at London and Paria, while the Conaul at V^ M^^Lr^lUKJA.X XV^ A M. ^ A^.-'-A ^ '^^ * ** - '^ — OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T I -3- nt Aden le loinp Inetructod to trontnlt to the KmbaeiUr. f* t london. Par U^ nrd iJome copies of any furth^^r co'mi;!!!- OHtlons to the roiartocnt on tMi3 tubjeot which he nay fir»' ' ■• DEPARTM£Nr Of ST/U'L MAY 1. 1922 oivfsioei or * • » ■■■ b>> .^M From Gtmther^ Tour mall instructions vaabar 163 April 6th^ w* Information obtained here still substantiates that forv/arded to you in nui|M|^ 40 Haroh 18, noon^ Foreign Office official diarged vith Abyssinian affairiS™ states that Italian Government vould be tho first to oppose on grounds of pplicgr % any proposal for the partitioning of Abyssinia and "ivould viev vdth disfavor amy contemplated alteration of present political etatus. Despatch follows. ^ SB / V- V ^»' This cat 1 ^ ▼as receiv z^ in the Depart- ments Conf 1 i:*'t;ir' tial Code j It should Vo \ •lonely p^ic^i- i phrased bcf or« \ beln(( cijiwiJiiiOi^ t^ ^o SLnyona eatLD fiS 1922 ) A' .^: 4 Iff.. ^ '*, CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITT LETTER OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T '"■''^•"■^'"■--^-"■"ij-rri 'V., '<^^ &'- m Ho. 302. (.wv A ri 7 Ir V / UNDIR SECRJ 1 FOR THE SBOBBTiST AHD TSSSES. SBBBBZABT. y STATE. Diil>-AitTM£M OF STi^TB | JU.^ 8 1922 I DIVISION of WESTERN LUhOPtnN nhAiK^ If Itoy 19, 1922. J She Hooorftible OePMlTMENT Of 8TATL JUN S SO 5 Tbo Secretftry of St»t«, Wftehlogton« D. C. IFAK EASTERN AFFMR& Sir: "* - * > /->-> NT r I ha*fi the honor to acknowledge the receipt of yoxur strictly confidential Instnaction Ho« 16S of Ipril 6, 1922« in wliii^h refer- ence le made to this finhassy^s confidential telegram Voi 40 of Harch 18, 12 noon« relating to a report reoelTed from the ConanliNtt at Aden as to the proposed partitioning of l^ysslnia between Great Bntain« Trance and Italy. JLs reported in the confidential telegram of this fi&bassyt Vo. J3 of MBiy lit 4jp»m., sent after the receipt of your Instruction / /// ^ No. 1&3 or ijpril 6t 1922, the infoxmation obtalnahle in Rome still substantiates ^ '^ ^ • ..J.-,- „.-. ^- OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DE BY/^.Y //.,.., ^j^..v.zv DATE \^dy /? / r-^ft^f'-^ \»ifr-ir\-^.\4.; ■■■ !!!■■■'• vflrtJJ'N'Wilf**- ■> » 1I W iiMMiiriUBIk^ - 2 - substantiates that forwarded to you In the preTloua telegram aboTe mentioned; and ths official of the Italian Foreign Office charged with Abyssinian affairs states that the Italian Ooremment would be the ) first to oppose any proposal for the partitioning of Abyssinia and would also Tiew with disfaTor any contemplated alteration of the pres- ent political status on grounds of policy* Thoufi^ in no way Indicating the ■otorce of the reports concerning ▲byssiniat this info mat ion was obtained from the official of the Foreign Office charged with Hear Sastem matters and also Ibyssinian affairs. Signer OuarigLia* The Oounselor of the Bnbassy has often discussed matters with Signer Suariglia and has always found him frank and truetworthy. He is considered to be one of the ablest and best equipped members of the Foreign Office staff and under ths present or- ganimtion of the Italian Foreign Office, or rather lack of it, has considerable authority. Signer ftuariglia was engphatic in his denials of tbe reports in question* This mattert howsTer, will be followed up and every source of information tried, and if anything is learned tend- ing to confirm llr. Consul Cross* information you will be inmediately infonasd. With reference to paragraph 4 of your Instruction under replyt I haTe the honor to report that Signer Guariglia said that he knew of a small shipoKnt of azms from the Dhited States to Abyssinia which was being held op at Jibuti, and had heard that certain correspondence had passed on the subject iMtween the Departnmnt and the British Bnhasay in shix^ton. JLs he had not seen tbe correspondence in question, he ex- pressed tbe desire that Ym mig^t see it. He said tbat he knew of the Tisit of an Abyssinian agent to tho Ibited States, whom be named, who was trying to obtain aims there. In this coxmection he said that the Italians and British were always *,*: A • •• ^^*.'- *V' ' w^ - * ( « V ■V». . ■*- O-i J«.-i' OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DI - 3 - always oppoMd to the sale of ams to Ib/ssinlat on groiuids of policy, as it was to the Interest of any Grotemnent to opxK>se the Introdootion of arms if it did not wish to see a situation derelop in Ahyssinia which might lead to the annsd interrention of another power • In thia attitude he said, however « that the French did not always stand with them, perhaps l>ecanse they had less to lose by a state of clTll war in Abyss inia. 1km Italian GOTemment, he added, was in dread of such a situation dCTeloping as th^ certainly did not wish for anotbsr Abyssinian cansAign with all tbat it inrolyed. JLnd, abore all, not now nor in the near future! He added that Has Taffari had always been trying to get arms first from one and then the other — and that if the British or Italians, for instance, let him haTe one msxihine gun the French would then try to send him two* If Bas Taffari were firmly ensconced in power, he thou£^t it might pez^ps not be so dangerous, but that I tail Ian information was to the effect that he ims not — and that his bodyguard, or part of them, or lAioeTer else had ams, might turn on him and that that v^uld be the beginning of a general conflagration* He ooiopared the Abyss inians to a lot of boys playing Indian, and he pointed out also that in a country like Abyssinia where arms were scarce a machine gun or two or a small lot of rifles had much greater potentialities than elseidiere. Signer Guariglia also mentioned the Conference ot St. Oexuain. Though not ratified by all the signatories, including otrselTes, he seemed to feel that on general principles it should be obserred by all if we really wish to preserre peace where possible to do so« I haTe the honor to be, Sir, Tour obedient senrant. For the Ambassador: OF l-B-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE D BY / ' . DATE //, /'/ .^ I A. ^ ^ .^ i g ,* ' A^ Ceoil •>.' . CroBG^ ii;84uir«^ JUN f 2 1922 Amor loan Conaul^ Adon« ' ;i. Sir; -,•.,.■' * - ■ . ** * . In rurthar ror«reno« to your d«0patob Ho, ^1 of i^aroh 6. 19ii.&, and to the i^«partia«iat*8 reply of April 6, it ie do- t - - . > ■ ■ ' elred to inform you that adTiota bave been reoaiTed from th« EmbasBy at Hoiaa whiob tend to indicate a lack of oonfiruation of raporte as to the propoead partltioniuant of iibyaeinia* ■ ■■' •• • . r • : . Copiaer of these oomaunioationB are onoloaed harewitb, to- ' ' .\ » • • ■ gether with oopias of despatohas recently reoeired from the ,' rr Kiubaeay and from the Consulate General at London on the sub- ject of the articles in the "Westminister Oaaette*" to which rafarance was made in the Department's inatruction of April 6, • * It may be added that the Department has thought best not to isbue the prees notice sutsgeatad by the Consul Oeneral in London* « I am, 3ir^ Your obedient serrant, >or the Secretary of State: ^ i ^ WILLIAM PHILLIPS. £ncl08ures:5 Paraphrase of telegram from Embassy at Rome, Ho* 7;^, May 11, 191-2, 4 p,::.. Copy of despatch from Home flo. MZ, May 13, 19ii£. Copy of despatch from home iito, M)J, May 16, 1922. Copy of despatch from Kmbassy, London, lio«lH79, May 4, l%Zk» Copy of despatch from Consulate Oeneral, Xondon, Nc.lSObT, May 15, 19ae. US . HOD/MC . 664.00/116 Atvey A Adeb ^UUB 9 , 1922 3 ^ 2) £ i •> V^ J^iAOOll 1V> i-1 X AV>^X^ v^ 1 » A ■! >>^ *— J OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE D BY /. w 1 DATE -' / ' i k. 7lo^u)l Th« Honorable Jnije /!-> J9ro Kiohard Waebburn Child, iimerloun iunbassador. Home. Sin The Departraent hae reoeived and haa read with interest your telegram lio« 7J of iifay 11, 1922, 4 p.m., and your deepatohee Kos. iOZ and 307 of tfay 13 and 16, 191:2, in aaewer to the Department's etriotly oonfidential inetruotion Uo* 163 of ^pril 6, 192::2, with regard to a report as to the proposed partitionment of ^bysainia* It ie noted that aooording to adTloea reoeired from the Italian roreign Oflioe, this report apparently lacks confirmation. It ie aleo noted that the lorei^n Office \^ hae requested oopies of the oorrea^ondenoe recently ex** changed between the DepurtLicnt and the British embassador at ti^aahington on the subject of the export of arms from the United States to Abyssinia. Sinoe the correspondence in queBtion ie not oonfidential, and in Tiew of your auggestion that the communion ti on of these doouments would afford an apportunity of repaying faTore acoorded by a oourteoue and obliging official of the Foreign Office, you are hereby auti:orised to furnish Signer Ouariglia with a copy of the Department's note of Uaroh HO, 19^^, to the Br itieh Ambassador. The Department does not f^^el ut liberty, howerer, to extend this authori- sation ^ CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHUKU Y LH. OF l-B-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DI BY, .1.,^^,^ LL DATE / ^ ^ •■ - — ■« > -ii- zatlon to the British Ambassador *b note of Februar/ S6, 19^£, In this oonneotion it is desired to draw your attention to a slight error of statement in the aeoond paragraph of your despatch fio. ^07« The British Ambaeeador, that is, did not in> form the Department that the Frenoh and Italian Gorermnents had agreed to the importation into Abyssinia of this small oonsign- ment of arms from the United States. The Department, on the ountrary, informed the iimbasaadors in London, Paris and Home that the exporters were authorised to make the shipment on the understanding that permisBion for its importation Tia Jibuti would be obtained by the piurshaser from the >'renoh Oorernment. There is enclosed herewith, as of possible interest, a oopy of a despatch recently receired from the Consul General in London, who has reoelTed a letter from the Prince Kegent of ubyeslnla, proteetlmg against the artioles in the "Westminster Gazette *" to which reference was made in the Department's in- struct ion of ^prll 6. It may be added that the Department has not thought best to Issue the press notice suggested by Mr* Skinner* A paraphrase of your telegram and copies of your two des* patches under reference are being forwarded, for his informa- tion, to the Consul at Aden* I am. Sir, Your obedient serTant, :- 'I I ■ Alvey A. Adee JuOo ^ , 192? JUN 1.2 192i Enclosure: 1. Copy of deepatch flo* American Consul General -^N' I . i i;5087 of Way 16, in London* 192^2, from the »i \ \ b64*00/116 ^^^ HOD/MC. w^"A/ 3A CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LE^: OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DI BY I << : Jl-Li. DATE ■L ^ * i -^r* JV ' / Aobert P. Skinner, Kequiro, Amerloan Conaul General, #UN I 2 1922 London* Sir: The Dapartment hae reoelTed yoiir deepatoh Ho. 13067 of Ufxy 15, 19^2, transmitting a oopy of a letter whloh /on hare reoelTed from the Prlnoe Regent of i^bysalnla, who takes oocaalon to oontradiot certain reports reoently pub- lished in the ^^Westnlnister Gaiette** with regard to elare trading and the arms traffic in hie oountry* You also enoloee a loemorfindxiffi based on Has Taffarl'e letter, with the Buggeation that, if the Department upproTe, it be giren to the press* These oommunioations haTe been read with interest; and the Depsurtment, aware of your epeoial ex^jerienoe and knowledge of Abyssinin, ralues the information oonoernlng that oountry whioh from time to time you submit. In view, however, of the faot thut the Prinoe Kegent purohased in the United States a year or more ago, for the equipment of his own bodyguard, a snail oonsignment of arms and ammunition, whioh is understood to hare been detained at Aden, the I>epartment considers It Inadrlsable to make use of the note for the press enclosed with your despatch* ^ X Copies CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LEI OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DI BY < <- <<^'- ■' 'jj.j^ DATE // ■L^ — —^ — : — <— ' Copies of that despatch are beln^^ forwarded, for their iDl'ormation, to the Kmbaasy at Borne and to the Coneulute at itdan* I aiu. Sir, Your obedient serTant, for the Seorstary of State : WILLIAM PHILU^S, bb4. 00/116 . tfii / v' I ' v/e Afvey A. Ade-, June , 1.'? ^ A Dc i/tTue copy the A^f'/^^ CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTUOKlTf LElTlJI OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP*T B VjjyMn^ Aa^jjaj^ dat ej^.,^^. n /9(o:^ ■• ' I 'l ^ ■ i i n (iii>»ww n S f Ho. 307. i} to ,/V ^:i>' BCne, llBiy 15, 1922 FOB THB :i^M:< T ABD UHKR SBCRB11BT< ^^i^ OFra^TB ^m 14 1922 DIVISION OF WESTERN EUROPtAN AFF/URS >5 The Honorable The Secretary of State* Vktihlngton. Sir: Adrertixig to despatch Ho* 902 of Hij ISth last* aoloiowledgiBg raoelpt of jovx strictly confidential Instruction Io« Xst of April 6* 1922t and sxgppleiDenting tfad infomation conTayed to,>ttae SepartiMnt in this Itehassy^s confidential telegrsB Ho. 73 of/Msy 11« 4 p.m., by a detailed account of a conTersation irlth the official of the Italian Foreign Office charged with Abyssinian affalrst I now hare the honor to report that Itr. Qunther saw Signer Gnarlglla this morning at the Foreign Office . and to gire you herewith the substance of the lattar^s obserTations regarding this natter. Signer Ouariglia said that the statement of the British Ambaa- /i sador in «. «k ^^■.Li *•**»'»*»...,, ec^wjn,- - ■-■*»ff!«(wrjfti>i(-«on« I have the honor to add that Signer Guariglia asked if he mi£^t have copies of the correspondence ezchangsd between you and the British Ambassador in Washington* This was the correspondence which was re- ferred to and enclosed in the Department's confidential Instruction Bo. 163 of April 6th. Ur. Ounther replied that he was not authorised to furnish him with copies » but that he lould gladly conyey his request to the Department of State. I would be grateful, therefore* if you would be so good as to let me know whether copies of this correspondence may be fximiahed the Italian Foreign Office. The Italian Foreign Office of ficlflil in question has always been courteous and obliging, and If the Department sees no objection, this would be an opportunity to return some of the faTors accorded by him at different times. I have the honor to be. Sir, Tour obedient serrant. For the Ambassador: >'« •^ ? >i »> lo. 2();35 •I V farlt* JOB* 21 y 1922* I C -kV Tht Hoxiorable Tbi Seor^tary of Stata, VMhi2igton# 1 10 In raply to your telegram Io«759 Maroh 10, 4 P«]U and Instruotion lo. 256 of April 20tlx last, (nie Io*664«00/ll5), I have the honor to report that I hanre "been unable to obtain any Information regarding an agreement for the pax^ltlon of Abyeelnla« I haTe, howerer, reoently learned that Oreat Britain, Iranoe and Italy are agreed In a deelre to strengthen the oentral gorem- ment and think that the beet mgr to do to le by exipplylng the central authority with anoe* Chey do not, hoverer, see the way to do so t as they fear that any shlpMnt of arms will probably -^^a^^mm^^t i****;-!^ SSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LE*] 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DI BY/.v /£>... 7^....,, DATE ^^,^^, n / % *- 2 - ) r fall into the wrong hftndt and males oat ten woraa rather than hotter* I haT« the honor to he. Sir, dlent Mrraait, qt \ \ v;j.4iU3oiriuiirii/n \^/in\^£iJjAjLr AuxnvmAx a A AlBiS% . 'J- / \ • t ^ " ■»■ I ^ M ' No. OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T LONDON, July I3, 1922. V. '• * ■\ -A- - X .. _ -* "11. ./n, , (nvv-r .f;.^.. The Honorable The Secretary of 8tate» Washington. I < •t 3f sir: I have the honor to refer to the Department's Instruction No. 363 of June 21^ J^22, and Instruction No. 467 of April 6, 1922, regarding a report relative to the proposed part France and Italy. further Bulletin of the Committee of French Africa, entitled L'AFRIQUE FRANCAI8E and published In Paris, the greater portion of which Is devoted to Abyssinia. The/ / ■JH » Jl i^ >' .'**■' -Sif-t. %■ '«nM>b-*«~ ~" ' ^m •sunt CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LE' OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE D] > m,^mmmmmimmtmmtmm^- t^fci •m — r r— — ~-"Tiiri^ rrr'"''''iri1ll|||irirfT**~*"^'^^ . - 2 - Th^ axtiol«s in this publioation %%X forth ftom th« Ethiopian standpoint conditions in that country and purport to rsfuts the artiolss in ths Wsstminstsr Gazstts whioh were forwarded under oorer of the EnbassT^s despatch No. 1279 Of Wa^ 4, 1922. In Tlmr of th« polltloal 'U Mi >» importanoe of the menbers forming the Comittee of French Africa^ the views expressed in the publication would appear — '.4 to reflect inf luential French opinion on the subject, which seems most hostile to any partitioning. The map purporting to define the supposed spheres of influence of the three powers, whioh was forwarded under cover of the Department's instruction No. 7467 of April 6th, would in itself tend to prove the untrustprorthiness of the report. It may be noted, fbr instance, that Lake tsana is ■ ■ -^ • * ^- according to the map assigned to the Ftenoh area. This lake » ■ is of great importanoe to Egypt as the Blue Nile flows through it, and the British Government already have pertain treaty « » probable that Great Britain would consent to have the area in *■ « ({uestion assigned to France. I beg to transmit, for the further information of the - ■ . « Department, a Handbook on Abyssinia prepaired under the direction of the Historical Section of the Foreign Office, which contains among other things copies of treaties bstween ,^^_ ,«„ _-U- J- «=- .j,.VS: Jt^--^ Abyssinia and certain European powers. ^. _.. _ I have the honor to be. Sir, Tour obedient servant, - For the Ambassador i 2 Enclosures: ^ as above. Counselor of Embassy. » \ rights respecting it. These rights were expressly defined ■ •■ '' ' - k in the treaty between Great Britain and Abyssinia, signsd i May 13, 1902; and in view of the above it scarcely seems ) ( 1 jt CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITl OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STA1 BY DATE . 41 J i ^j — ^ "i m2 ^ *' mt y' From the Christian Science Monitor. I ITALY TO GIVE ITS SUPPORT /TO SUDAN PLAN /•• Oreat Britain to Ck)ii8truet j ' Barrage on Lake ; in Abyssinia *.^ INPLUEHCB tE recognize: New Scheme Befimlafing Wat- en of Bine Nile Will Bene- fit All Concerned ' «•• By Cable from Monitor Bureau LONDON, June 25-^Italiaii support for the conceaslon to Oreat Britain irom the Abyasinian Oovemment fcr the construction of "a barrage on Lake Tana together with the riglit to build and maintain a motor road from the Sudan frontier to the bar- rage" has been promised, according to a series of notes between the Britlah lind Italian governments now publiahed. In return, Great Britain undertakes "In erent of the British Government obtaiaing the desired conceasion'' to ''recogAise the exclusive lUHan eco- nomic iafluence in west Abyasinia/' and auMK)rt all Julian requests for economic concessions in that son», to Italian recognition of hydrnulic rights of Egypt and tor which the barrage la reqoired/^Ita added anpport covers project for a railway west lis Abbaba, the Abyssinian lU coanaeting the Italian cola- niea 0f Britria and Somaliland. . ngliag PrwiUar's TIews B#sit0 MiMiolini, the Italian pre- mier, rwlyinf states that the ItallMl Oorerniiient shares the Brit- ish tt^^mmemi's desire for friendly co-Oftratkm in Abyssinia, and hopes that thia will be further extended "'nalttmlly on th# bases and within tJia naftg #f the proyislons of the Lottdoii agreement of'ltoe." Tha notea In quei^lOa were signed ao long ago aa laat |>eoember. The ^reaton for tha deltir In publishing then la underatood lo M French ob- iaiilDna> to certain, iapacta of the lUMMUah artrtgaiiant aa infring- iipb iMt agi^lseaMnl. JntoJKt that ho aiudiange of notas .^IpllBlo have taken jpltce between nSsr jU |he ona hand and Roate anl iMdon on tlla otb«r, is held in foaM fsarters to fndioate that the French oMections still persist, ea- j! f I I peolally as The Cl^stian Science Monitor representatliVe was receiUly assured by the highest authority thi^t it was Intended that ^otei^ should be exchanged all througt^ the govem- iln TC^tar ' 4Hf i>^^ Id tknt .|*a has itever ifd tha ;IM it«':iAiai dNTtc^ tt|^ th% eo^iHrjr in tlMfr "soain at Influ#nb0' wittont ita tasMni Tlkm% whioi ibb^ow Abyf sinia are In- cH^Md to tiMl opmion that the preaant Italo^Britlsh aiteameat, which boa alao Jbaan entered irjthout Abysaintfui partlflpattM, win make It mora ^- enit td ^ttitt tha (unseat of Abmt- nin )toi^ fl|a^43oaatpiaUoii of the lS|iia barrage, wlileh la rag^ird^ la mmi- aaering clrelea aa a perfectly leglti- mata nadertaglag, which would be to the advantage of all unearned, Abysaibin Ineladed. With regard to the Italian deaire to build nn^Uwey* it !• pointed, oat that there la at ai;eaent no trafDc worth edhaiderlag aldng the pro- poaed ronte* which, moreover, runs acroaa a aerlea of high mouataia raagei covered with an inextricable tangle of riveni, all of which would need bridging. l^pecUl from Monitor Bureau LONDON, June IS-T^^r aome time past, aegDUatloas haVe been golag on between Great Britain and Italy with a view to defining more clearly the respective spheres of influence allotted to them in Abyssinia under the Tripartite Agreement between Great Britain, Italy and Fraace, signed at London on Dec. 13, 1906. The intention ia stated to be that when these negotiattonn have been completed, similar negotiations shall be undertaken with France and that the reault ahall be embodied in a series ef aoles between the three countries aniplifyidlK i^nd explaining the lOOi afreement Itnlf Speelally Ceacemed At the outset of the aegotiations between Oreat Britnin and Italy, France ahowed signa pf perturbation j at not having been included. It was. | however, pointed out to the Qaai] d*Oraay that the %%0% agreement de- * Clares that Britiah Interests ia Abys- ainia must be safeguarded "without prejudice to Italian Interests." Ob- Tibusly, therefore, when Oreat Br^- ' ain proposed to "safeguard" her in- tereata, it was necesaary to consult with Italy on the subject. Italy^ interests are especially con- cerneAi;%lth the hinterland of the ItglliUl* eolonlea in Eritrea and Somattland and "the territorial con- aeotion' between them to the west f of Addlr^Abbaba." The apnere of Influjlhce V>f Oreat BHiaia TwUh wbira wai. coupled the name of Bgypt) wai defined in tilie 1906 treaty as ''the Nile basin, more eapeoiaiUy as regards the regulation of the wa« tars of that river and Its tributaries (due consideration being paid to local inter eata)/' . ^ Begalatlat the Nile ^ la 1921, the Egyptian Ooverbmaat Mat h 'Waaba" ceaalftiitt o(^ a ^iiple V iMUah «aglpM»a to Abph aibia 1^ ocMuieetlea ^^ ^^ ^" laUon of tb» w«lii|», These eaglaeera f arombly air a tjN^i iit # rtgalator X4ioie Taha ia aortkei||. jthls belag la the W*. ,^._^ .which paaaea tha '^rrKMUPt , J^*.."'**"^ *' **< "Pnu mission was eSil^ PnWI,h«l in CJtiro, but ite content* h*T» »pp»rently escaped : notice -Ae report declarer th»t at a ' »?«' ,1' .***"*- £2.600.000. Lake Tana wmch win giTe Egypt In the lU-at ?««»«•" "^J^J^^ VheS'wSe; i» orgently needed for cottpn cultl- v«lon. •oi^e J,400.000,000cnblc feet ?; ♦? **■" ■? «n»oupt nearly equal to the prea»t content, of the Aa/uan i w£«f thT^iS^'"/'*';^'*^* *t the Ume When the NIU »■ low would be ao- proxlmateljr doubled. - ^ cn^"*." **«|*toed that this effect ^h?i^-i'.**"*^u"*'*<' **t»»o«t appreci- ably ralalBg the leTel of Lake Twa By ralsint the lerel of the lake " o f^t ]^n;.M°.2!*r «:000,000.000 cubic ISf J? '"J^"!!. *° "^ot*' ''on'd rep- f "t Of ^.t^Y' I'W^O-OOO.OM cubic reet of water for Egypt and the Su- fi ],Me,4M for Meter Koad In addition to the actual cost ef w„„m*k'"'"' "i '"'^•'•'" £1.000,000 m.»^^^^*'' '"'''« "P "applte. and material from the Sudan, if /rall- TaLT^'^ built Instead of a road the •Dout 800 square miles, with a catchment- area of more than fly* «mes that amount. Rains dually Sfa°t 1^\ "T ."^ «' May.^'xhey or June u rains almost every dav Syt^'tte'Kt'i!^ri"r "'^'^- aSSIu i* "*•"* " f*^" 'rqai 2 to 4 tiut^n^^T*^"*^ «* uaualli^flne till iunset Ihpf ia Jtan moreroin in the early part o»S« night The i« maraee coatrnt to the storms away at a much lower Itrel. CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LI OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE I V m2 y From the Christian Science Monitor. '^ 1926 ovember, when the drj sea- be&ias. the weather gets quite cold and there Ib often frost and troEen water away from the lake, the water of which la unusually warm— du^ perhaps to the f a^t^JiJ*t. Bome hot'tpria^ Issue in it Telow the larface, there being a number of rach springs in the vicinity. From NoveifKiber till the following May, the rainfall la very scanty. ; Bemarkable Phenomenon A peculiar feature of the district ii what the MlBsion <;alls a "dust bmse.*' The color is steel gray belaw, ttiadlng Into red above, then to yel- low until it Anally merges into the tint of the sky. Of this the report Mjrs, "It seems improbable that 'Winds raise the dust, but possibly llM expHnation, like that of some of the windless but hazy days of Egypt. JB to be sought in an electrical effect.'^ Tliil remarkable phenomenon Sj^ws best opposite the sun, but it can be seen for at least three- pover a depth of water of anything up to half a meter in which the cattle Stand and graze." Depth of Lake The mission cotild obtain no direct evidencs 6t the depth of the lake. The report states, however, that the water is ^*dull green in color and always haa a distinct greenish brown turbidity due to clay associated with microscopic swimming plants." To such i^Unts la apparently due a re- markable white belt which appears on the shore of the lake as the water itila when the rainy season is over. •'After the flood." the report gayi, /'the first trace of the belt was noticed on Oct. 8 as a gelatinous cbi|Uw i^ the rocks with a slimy feel. A ^fortnight later the lake had Allien snough to allow the upper arginof tha btjt to dry and it sp- ared in a' eohspicuous white line lust above the level of the water.} As the lake fell, the width of the I belt increased. The top of the belt, follows s { most deflnttC line and "even little knobs of f6ck a few oeatimeters across, happening to project above the limit, ar^r left free of the white deposit." Weed Holds Up Level ' * Another strange vegetable growth is the ''cataract weed," which floar- ishes only in the rapids, the or<^ypMiry reaches of the river being quitetfree from the growth. The cataract weed is foiind ''only on rock and" never on mad," and derives its nutriment "almost entirely from the water flowing aroun<) it." Before the flood there is not a trace of the weed to be seen anywhere, but in the flood sea- son "it forms mats that are pressed' I against the rocks by the velocity of the waters." So luxuriantly does the cataract weed flourish that "the sills of the cataracts may. be regarded as having been raised" by the thick growth ot the plant. This has a con- siderable effect in holding up ^ the level of the waters in the lake. " The outlet of Lake Tana is guarded by ^a number of islets with narrow passages between them. In addition there is the upper reef — a bank of solidifled lava which the report de- scribes as "ar well-deflned reef gen- erally less than 60 meters wide and rising 5 or 6 meters above the sur- rounding country. . . . The height of the reef decreases as it is followed northward and water from the lake passes over low places in it, formini; six distinct cataracts." The report adds, "The upper reef is to be regarded as a natural dam which holds up the waters of the i lake, in fact it might be 9ald to have I been designed by Providence to facili- I tate the utilization of the water of the lake for the beneflt of cultivators in the Sudan and Blgypt^ithout need to interfere with the amenltiee of people living around the lake." The local Abyssinians are mostly uneducated, though a proportion of them can read and write the native Amharic. They are fond of music and avoid the discords so beloved%of most African races. They play a kind of primitive hcTckey with a ball made of plaited leather. For money, they have only the Maria Theresa silver dollar — aa Austrian coin of about the dimensions of an English 5s. piece. I This fact may prove a difficult problem in connection with the pay- ment of wages to the workerii en- gaged in constructing the regulator, ! for the local Inhabitants view any ! other coin with suspicion. There is no small change, but such things as scent, spices, soap, needles, rasor, looking-glasses and even large empty bottles majr be traded In exchange for small articles of local produce. An ounce of gloves, for example, may bhy either four fowls or 20 ^gs. One result of the mlssloiO labors is likely to be an alteration in the spelling of Lake Tana as it appears in most maps. Hitherto t^e name has usually been speHed Tsana, but the mission found thht when, they called it "Tsana" no ehi andarp(ood what they meant. The coafniioni "has arisen from the di^Terent values { given to the letter 't' in different^ parts of Abyssinia — words that are spoken with an ordinary 't' in one part being all pronounced with a 'ts' in another region." / ;> I CLASSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTtJK OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T BY, / '-> '- <■ '-■■ DATE . ^ 1 «* i^ -* f* »**" " T^ -vtrtv « i .'t \ \ 'V ■' '• •"♦>■, I .S'-- I » K'- ■• * \: 1 ^ i-- y » TRENTE-DEUXIEME ANNEE -^ N" B -"«. ■^ • • ■ » V (.. . . 'jr. JL/ tAscicuU ? 8 /r^fia L- ?S- «■■•-' .xr; . >i -r-r rv -X >* . ^« » .' • / i? v.^.t*; a -" "^ ♦ > ,r Y*. /: ♦V v ■' *^' ■ •• # \ - 1 ^1 » ♦ "■ . 1 J- • •> * •1 ,- V ^^ J -;.X >«. --^ ^ <* 1 ^^ ■*"•«■ . <^ ^^ K\^^' %. \ > ^ ^ tl*. ./ ..>? ' k« »-*.j ,i -V * -. X- PARIS * •s ^ ■ • S -*-*■ .. 4, - ' y * - * \ . 1 1 7 ' *^ ■ * * * • ■*y "", - ' i /■■' • « • ^ «<;■ -- V ' k a w . , - , / ^ r ^- - ' / * 1 "- ;^»^ . » i^ ^*> « 4 • .V' •••'Vi- ../• - <-«<-:« K ? V ♦. ^ ^ f %L ,-• \ m ■ •* » /- • ^ CLASSIFICATION CANCELEIJ AU i nwrxi i i ^*- - - --^ OF IB 58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T DATE " ^^ "■' BY >■ hi i g y*. -*-<- \. I * « y ' « :r^'"V* / /--v" / IWk Hi * , *> J'l«*|:l^l^ »«-iz*i' n"fa #*^?/fi^'^:^' '4^ •'■^, * i«MflMWMiMlilMaMMA PfctoiDBM : M, J0NMAB7^ 9to*teu^,v«oavcriieii* ^«^ •V»-v es; •^ '. v_ -.4*' 'v^ * -*.* / •» .r U 94ii4fd IPftml ftmi»Hdr«- •4ait#ur» aadaa |prteid«ftl 4» U CtadlMt; J^hmrt I>«0il«M, dmM«ttr aa udokliM dm 04Mimi : B. BMrtesll. tma€h ftmt,M^,k la IbUe 9dMbtidii#i% Bt.VlaaSliir^tttattr; % ^ I««otoA Fonnieajt, goQTtrDeur hoooram des Caloidat;, Uaf ia>raqomra»d; a«lllMivi* Otsadidiar, t^cr^iftm giio^al de ia &MdM 4t O^ographia df Pa#it ; . .Wr'-- La woit^ 6r«CliIte» aacm dipuM; ^ > ^ "" 0. KaAOtattdaMbca darAcadiuiutt pirt i l i ra d«i tMaUlM: Mgdndha da diTitioa Joofaint 0>aih»ni^; ^MU Labb4, .aaoHlam fdNN da l*4liiiac« toa^iiiaj . J Mhrt iiairtt ir>liHr r -V '. »" ■•^/^ ^$ 4 *■»■*•* < -A/ )4« JbiinNM. Al, l >l M '^ <>. s La marqaia d# la FtrrMUIlyS, dlp^li j L. Xaicmrd#» gaiKvaHiaar d% f* ttlaiaa pt^aipalenliajrf; ABdrd Mb^B* Aneieii miatslrt ;• ▲. Laorim, t^a^t^iir, aacfa« aifpiiitfai .4 \MMMft diiaaivii? da riaifciitlHna, dm JAaBAMria; ainaftattirt '*?■•♦ f''*' It's*' '■'•''•)•. ■•^ 1**^ '*'j • I. ' » V SiAw DV Count : PARIS, 21, nw CiMMtIt (fl^ Hflro.: A^8^»Me;-N.-S.:^ i$«irrtf. rii-'L . N K . ■ ^> r*< 5i. ASHWaONS BT WHIKIigVTIOMII . Lm rMtourcei du ComUA proTlMneBl It^d^Kf mi««r cripUoiiA. ; • >c/ solns trente fHtties derieal sMMdlf^ adliAM di r«e6 vnt ^doOf ni rmniiAe 1« BvUtttl& mmaoM ptUUif^t laGmMti ' '^ ^ + ,«(; U diWce ttildimimi df li^ mUmIIm ail riMi |^ Tfillflr el&q Qrands fa«r 1m •odserii^tfoiM p ^ mn^ml kidm lonetioonalrM e»loliiatiS| arfaBiiilijUdd it dOfMMitlrtt, A raroi^ #1 del ■ffci M d# rMtaiyMBidM. UaboihMDMii «d M|0^ flMM cliMl tniMtm poor r^tfMgtrrtolllfiftMi dl itii iri i llmi Cm prlx ht t'lMpHqmot foint dW ■iiitiK1^lii»i did4^, H«rM M i*' JaQvkr 1920 » dhlflMi ^#1 fiAlMli. A drdi pf Im toQieripllons 4 H. 1# IMMrte da 6rai|l4r Si^nid CmmUi f^tria if trrodd^ oq les vetfer in M«ipt^ da^ eMquai posUttx Paris 99 48. ■^ -f^;; r • • • . Vr V -ft\ • , ^-.ik ^, /.«: « -0 - r' .' • • *?/. » - L» . /. • • y • ■■ ■ • • J « '•'1 "♦•''^ ■ ^" '*.-.' V » Ci 1 , J J \^ Lxi\ooir iv^n L L\ji^ v^i-Li 1 V^ JL-i M~^.M,^ M^^ A a. ^^ OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T B Y,,//. :.,,:... DATE,, /;/ //,; y »♦•▼ 1 ' ' ' I t*r«Qt.e-d«5uml4^aaie Airn^e — I«^ tl dial 191^11 «/ ^\5-. BULLETIN MENSUEL U < • ; r; r* -y tcJ DU COMITY DE LAFRIOUE FRANQAISE ET ^U COMITE DU MABOC Fo.xDi PAR HAI|RY ALIS public sous la diractioh de M. AUGUSTS TERRIER, secretaire general da Comile, urec la collaboration de MM. B/ KoBchlin, Robert de Gaix, Augastin Bernard, Camille Martin, J. Ladreit de Lacharri^re, Gb. Mourey, Ed. Payen, Camille Ouy, Rober Raynaud, L. Milliot, Maurice Besson, Camille Fidel, etc. Adres5^r Icmles les cominunicalions h M. le Secretaire general (111 Comit6 de I'AfHque Fran^aise Taris, 21, kcb Cassette (H« Arr.)- Tel^pti. S^giir 32-Xt. Tons les souscripteurs du Comity de TAfrique Fran^aise et du Comity du Maroc re^ivent de droit ce BcLLiriir. Le numero se veud en outre h, part au prix dft 3 francs Prix de rabonnement annuel : 36» francs. SOMMAIRE Comite de PAfrique f^n^aise : L AFRIQUB FRAN(:AI8E du NORD — Nos inorU : M. Pail Dbj^cuanil. — Liste dos souscripteurs. — Sixi^me lisle de souse ription au monument du P. 4le Foucauld L'BMPIBE ATHIOPIEN DOIT RBSTER IN DlfePENDAKT ET 80UVERAIN LA SITUATION VRAIE DE L'tTHIOPIE PiKRRB AlYP8 BALTB-IiA? — r?J Kthiopiei DE NOUVBAUX DANGERS POUR L ifilTBIO PIB. — Gh. MiCHlL-CoTB . . . ; L'ESPAGNE AU MAROC ET LA QUESTION DE TANQBR. — Ki. Fqiu Possessions italiennes : Les evrncmeuts de Tripo lifaine UNE RfiPLIQUE N£CE8SAIRB. — Roblu Kw- HACD Biblio^aphie (; VRTKS Carte de rBthiopie... R^i^ion de Beni Aros. Region de Beni Arcs Penoii do Veles Carte de la Lybie 2n 238 ri3 2(i8 COMITE DE L'AFRIOUE FRANCAISE A tp numero rat joint le suDplernent n^ .V II l-l'IM I 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 M 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 III I I lili II II H 1 1 MiHI 1 1 liM>t^.l r f- 1: rtA^ 'v-V < ^ I > .- •.* - "t . f ^ ^14 BULLETIN DU COMITB DB L'AFBIQUE FRANgAJSB ^y ■<■'( M. Millerand leur a doim6, en termes excellenls, la consecration du chef de I'ElfiA. Les discours de GftMblaQea, d'Alger, de Ganstantine et 49 Tunis et plus encore peutn^tre, les nombreuses et beu- reuses improviMtions qu'il a rdpondues jides allo- cutions et des salutations imprivues et souvent d^licates m^ritent, nous le r6p6tons, d'etre lues et ni6dit6es. -v -^xci s c**- La reconnaissance que les AfriCains doivent h M. Millerand. ppur les r^iultats de ce voyage dont il a supports all^grement les fatigues, s'augmente (i'une autre raison : il ^ falu6 »vpc ^oiotion, le long de sa route, Tceuvre des pr6curseurs, de ceux (jui ont fait TAfrique et Tempire colonial dc la Prance. Lisez noti^mnieat son discours de Cons- tantine. II a 6voqu6, surtout, le nom d'Eugfene Etionne en termes qui soat aU^s m cceur 4^ tons (*eux qui gardent % notre (dief 4'hiBr un souvenir picux d'afrection et d 'admiration. Ainsi les hom- mcs de la p^riode b^rolque ont 6te assoei^s aux acclamation* du voyage pp^ideptiel, Dai^ notre vieille maison surtout, on saupa gr6 au President de la Rdpublique d'avoir ainsi rappel^ les heures difficiles de la politique coloniale frangaise d'hier, oil la politique coloniale fran^se d'aujourd'hui peut prendre des exemples de fesnbet^ et de claii^ voyance pour les jiouvellei heures difficiies do Torganisation, de radministration et de la mise en valeur. -'^ ;. - NOS MORTS M PAUL SESGHANBL • Le Cpinit^ de TAfrique frangaise apporte sa part de lQJm DV VOIID : . I. ^ An IC^roo-. io> II. ^IB* Alf4n* ....,..,......,r 12J in. -iiiTMWe ^.. ;.:;... v. ..v.. 142 IV. — ▲ I'Kicpositlo^ colonial* 4* M•r^^O^^. i'2 LUmaicratioa an WM^c d«9«la l» ftwr*- — AUHHT ChaMTOI'I •.•••••... 1 ''J^ JL propos de la NonvtUe-HelWtie. — MAiMtci fiissoK *53 Ublioyraphie 466 ^9 LISTS DES SOFSOBIFEIintS iM noms prtc^dto dun (♦) sont ceux das nouvM^ •ooi- oripteors. Les eoutcripUgiis au ComiU du M^roc Mat mdlquias par les lettres (C. M.L > t ^\ M. J. Delmas, h Bordeaux iOO » M. Wtieux, i Hanoi ^ I W » C. Proton, h Tassin La Demi-Lune; Branet, k Paris; Gomte Cornudei. h Paris; CWn«ral de Laguiche, h Paris; Trengi, k Sou^Ida, chacun lOtrancs WO » G6n6ral Maillard, & BraizavUlo 40 » Biblioih^quc du Posie de Tidjikdja ; Soci6t^ lntemati-Int^ress^ des Tabacs au Maroc, h Taiiger; *Boalay, au Mo^lau; *Biblioih6que des Of fiderg ^ 2i* dragons, Secteur postal 3; Contwyieur de I'AnneM dft Boroudj; Soci6td MauUque, Marseille; Chareuiii Turin; Cercle des Officiers, Laghouat, chacun 35 francs. 880 » P. Nicou, Il Paris; •Lieutenant Hermelin, Marseille; •Ji. Guerreau, ^ Paris ; • Directeur des Douancs, Hanoi; Prtnoe d'H^nin, chacun 30 francs IS^ ' » . G. Moesch, h Alais; L. Auguet, a Alger; M Comte ftoederer, k Paris 25 a Comta de la SaUa, k Paris 16 § Comte Gbandon-ICoM; k Epemay , 20 » 4 - . ■ J.- . - ■ '■ -- 6 S .' ■■r ■ J <•• / 5 210 BULLETIN DU COMITE niieux-dire les airiefe-pensoes — la Wes/ Africa insiste : (( En ^mettant comme nous nous risquumes u le fair€, (( apr^s avoir lu les tr^s int^ressants articles de ia WCesimim- ier Gazette, la suggestion que Sir Frederick Lugard et i'fimir de KaUena pourraient dtre appel^s a faire unc en- qu6le sur la situation en Ai)ysuinic au nom de la Graiide- w Bretagne, noire pcnsee c^lait que la reputation mondiale de Sir Frederick Lugard, comme homme d'Etat colonial, 6carterait pour le moment c^s jalousies internationales que nous connaissons irop bien, et^ue, en associant k Tex-gouverneur g<5neral du Nigeria un chef africain du grand caract^re de I'Emir de Katsena, il serait possible de convaincre Tlmpi^ratrice d'Abyssinie que le commerce des esclaves et les i-aids doivent cesser si elle ne veut pas que rind^pendance de son pays soit en danger. Mais notre correspondant a probablement raison en arguant que le choix d*un Anglais, m^me un homme comme Sir Frederick Lugard, ne serait pas accepte par les aulres puissances. . • ^' <( S'il en est ainsi, ceux qui s^iiiteressent a la situation de TAbyssinie, et, avec cux, on doit compter le peuple anglais ]!>ui8que la tolerance continuelle du commerce des cisclaves dans ce pays pourrait r6agir sur les contr^es anglaises de TAfrique, feront ^videmment bien de faire hAter le choix d'une commission de quatre repr^sentants — un Frangais, un Italien, un Anglais et un Am^ricain — qui visiteraient TAbyssinie et qui, s'ils se trouyaient « en presence de T^tat de choses signale par les auteurs des articles de la Westminster Gazette , feraient une rcpr6» sentation collective aupr^s de TAbyssinie, au nom des quatre nations int^ress^es, pour lui faire entendre que si la traite des esclaves et les razzias ne cessent pas'imm6- diatement, TAbyssinie courra fatalement, tdt ou tard, ^ la perte de son independance. ))*,.. Devant de pareils projels, ne serait-on pas en droit de redouter une mainmise astucieuse 6U|r TEthiopie 8i son Gouvernement subtil et avis^ ne voyait pas a temp^ le pifege qui lui serait tendu? II est vrai qu'une suggestion comme celle qui vise par exemple TEmir de Kat^ena, n'ayant pu naitre que dans un oerveau tout k fait ignorant de la grande et glorieuse histoire de I'Ethiopie, le Gu6bbi (i) a Addis- Abeba n'aura pas de peine h en tirer des conclusions diff^rentess de celles qii'ea esp^rent sos auteurs. (( (( (( (( (( « (( (( (( <( (( <( (( (( (( (( (( (( « <( « « (( « (( (( (( * * Quoi qu'il en soit, la question reste pos^e par les journaux anglais' de savoir ^ TEthiopie dans r^tat actuel de eon organisation et de son deve- loppemcnt pent continuer de se gouverner libre- ment sans dommage pour elle-mt^me et sans peril pour le^ puissances europ^ennes se<«^ voi- sines en Afrique. ^ ^ Cette question est ^videmment la plus grave qui sc puisse poser pour Tind^pendance ^thio- pienne. Mais il nous semble que les coloniaux anglais ne soient pas en tr^s bonne posture pour la reprendre au lendemain de \^ plus effroyable des guerres qui a eu pr6cis6ment pour objectif Taffranchissement des peuples opprim^s et la liberie pour ceux-ci de disposer d'eux-mSmes. Si cot argument de principe a une valeur morale qu'il nous paratt, au reste, difficile de dis- cuter, il n*est pas le seul dont il soit possible (i) Palais lmp<^riAl. d'exciper en faveur de TEthiopie. Car TEmpire Ethiopien, dans sa contexture actuellc^ n'ot pas seulement une expression g6ographiqii€, comme inclinent h le penser et a le dire des homniM insuffisamment inform6s. C'est une r^liU hiB- torique. Cest done de ce fait qu il faut tenlt compte — et qu*il n'est au pouvoir de per- sonne d'abolir — quand on veut sSrieuftement ^tudier revolution de TEthiopie depuis ees pri- gines k travers les naagnifiques d^veloppementa de son histoire. » . ' I - Nous ne nierons pas que TEmpire Ethiopien sc soit iipmobilise longtemps dans une fonnule feodale vraiment rigide. Cest un 6tat de choses qui ne lui est d'ailleurs pas particulier. LA en- core il faut savoir analyser et comprendie les conjonctures historiques qui ont d^ternotin^ ses Souverains k vivre d*une existence strictement nationale et k se m^fier de toutes les iiifiltratioiui exterieures. Cest que TEthiopie a dik pendant une longue periode, qui n'est pas la raoins pitto- resque ni la moins noble de son pas*^, lutter contre les tentatives d*invasion qui oril d6ferW avec la violence de vagues furieuses. C'etait d'abord Tlslam qui voulait eleindre ce foyer d'activite et de rayonnement chretien. Les p^rip^ties de cette lutte onl laiss^ datis tons les domaines des empreintes qui aprfes bien des an- uses apparaissent encore k ToKservateur attentif et un pen ^lair6. Puis quand la politique dVxpansion africaine des nations europeennes a installe, plusieurs d*entre elles sur les front ieres m^mes de cet Empire, et que, par 1^, il a etc mtil^ plus direc- temenl a la politique internationale, il a sent! pQser sur son avenir la menace de loiirdes con- voitises. . . ' \. »' >^. - Dans un pareil expose, auquel nous entendons conserver un caract^re purement objectif, il nous sera tout de meme permis de rappeler que si la France a su acquerir une place particulilre dans Tamiti^ et la confiance du Gouvernement Ethio- pieUj elle le doit surtout k la constante loyaul^ de son attitude. - "^ On ne citera pas un seul exemple oil notre politique se soit ecart^e du respect de Tind^pen- dance de TEthiopie et de Tintegrit^ de son tcr- ritoire. 11 est mt^me arriv^ k la France, en des circonsfances qui ont laiss^ leurs traces dans rhistoire diplomatique, d'intervenir en faveur de cette independance et de contribuer k s^uveyarder cette integrity. Cest ce qui faisait dire k un Ethiopian Eminent avec qui nous causions de rorientation de la poli- tique etrangfere de son Empire : « Quelquc erreur que vous puissiez commetlre, vous Frangais, h notre ^gard, il y a une chose qui vous dSsignera toujours k notre amiti6 : cVst que vous n'avez pas -ir--*- » '' . V • ■ t •*. '•'>:i 1 ! - 3 mm * - .f I ^f'^^rn- ■* V. -. V >. f^i^i w mmmm ^y*-: tv r • .,r ..-< .i'V .V ■ *» •^•, -..;-r 4"'-*' • / ■ :■*■■ ■ *■ ■'-'< ^ ■w <• -i •>— -^.•K-T' .'-^ I •'.' ^ * ..jm .V« *- ill 8ur le« mains une seule goutte de ^ang ^thio- pien. » ' . :> \ Tjr^ - • Noii8 pouvona ajouter que la France a 6u 6ga- lement d^montrer qu'elle ne nourri^ait aucune ambition territor^ale au d^trimeat dii grand Em- pire Chretien d'Aifrique. Le 20 mars 1897, en ef- fet, M. Lagarde, gouverneur de la Cdte des Soma- lia et xninistre pl^nipotenUaire aupr^ de t'Empire Ethiopien, sigp6ens qui ont jou6 un rdle brillant dans I'his- toire 6thiopienne. Le pfeuple hii-inome, qui ne sait pas oubUer les services qu*on a rendus ^ son pays, leur garde une gratitude dont nous avons _ # V ^5:? •'•> . ! ■ ' V xf *■, -v 1 • .1 r. h ^ .» LB ROI 8IULA-SBtA8Sli^ ' qui A siGiii AVEC Li ioi LOCi^PHiLrppB LB TRAITS d'alliancb bt d'amiti^ 8n 1843. — D'apres uncro..V "V ^ ^.•.- ^f 41 7.3 «- ' Revenaftt k la qMettion pos^ par la West Afri- ca, il faut ici rapp«ler que les souveraina ^thio- piens ont soovent reeheroh^ les couseils el la col- laboration d'Etnrop^tig dbtit lea conmiawnoes et t'exp^ri^ce ($taien( de nature k les aasister trtHe- ment dans r«dmini«tration de leur Empire. ' - L^AVBIOVl fEABVAlM. — tf*5* i^*' pu observer de touchantes manifestations. Ces collaborateurs avaient su inspircr con- fiance et avaient ^t^ librenleht appeles par les * Souverains. ' "^ . .riqu€d' Ahy $sinU, du H. P. iiT6itit Lobo, de la GompagDie de J^sne. Traduiie du portiigais, coiitinu^e et aug- ment^ de plusieuni Dissertationn, I^Ure« el M^moiree, par • M. Legrand, prieur de Neuvil]<^ Irs-Damefi. Edil^e cheE la Vture d'Antoine-l^rbain Gonsteliei et Jacques iJii^rin, libraire, quay dei . .*< ^ ■ 0* ■i-^ ^•i- Ki. V Aufustin^ Paris (1737). Voy^t tn Nmbie tt en Abyninie : cutreprts pour d^couvrir let sources do Nil, pendant les ann^es : lyfiS, 176^, 1770, 1771, 177a et 1773, par M. James Bruce. Tftiatiit de FangKis par M. Castera. Tome H, ^dit< Hdlel de Thou, rue (fes Pol levins, Paria (1788). ., ^.. ---^ ^. ..^. VoyMge$ dmns VHUidoiisian, d Ceylon, iur let deajB cAUi de la kitr Roage^ en AhysMinie el en Kay pie durant leg annie$ iJ- i». .•* 1' \ ^« f •,* -'^•*" ----'^^tf^^^^ 2?n lil!LLETlN IHJ C M IT E y coiisidc'Mri Iv ciuinihalisiiir coiiiine unc cliosr licilc. La iihul ;» nnprrhr MiMirlik dc coiilimin -on ;jian(l inlc dr ri vilisalciir apie^ avoii ^^lui i«Misr- iiM'iit irnipli ccliii i\v i^iM'iiin rt df ctMitiiili-.i Inn. ♦ 4 Iji i(|()(), ri Must it Krii|HTeiii vil see forces iU^- ( liiici. I)(s iiilliK^nn*?^ iiit^rleures se d6velc)p[MV K n! i'e Kii,'^. * Poin nous Kianvai^*^, M^ndllk II a acquis un lilit' |)reci(Mi\ el inaiierahle h tioire gratilude. JevocpuMai ici nn souvenir hiiloflque, sans y allacluM anciiM iT^net ni aucufie amerlume. I.e lenips de ( e cole a fait Mm cpuvre. C'e«t en 1897 — epcxpie lian^i(pie de notre ex|>an«ion africalne. A (e moment, M. i^agarde, le cr^alcur de Djl- hoiiti, MinLslie pleiiipotenliaire — qui au dire dd tons l(\s Klhiopicns (^l I'Eump^u uue M^n^lik fl a le pins eslime et le plus hdUor* et pour qui Ions, sans distinclion, ont conserve la p'ns pro- fond<' vencfation — obtint de la conflahce dll SiMncrain (\rs ai railgefnenl^ doni M. flabflel ILtnolanx dans son livre : Le partage de VAfriqur. — Faclunia, a pie( is^ le earact^re en disant qu'ils ( nnsa( laienl les [)iinripes d*une entente auilcale e( pacili(jno « dans tons les domaines n (i). Jamais aiK nn FraU^ais n'oubliefa cela. u (( ( (( ( (( SllllC (( T 4 I ,1 moil de Menelik nnviit pour rKthiopi(» une ere de ( rises >i ^rflves (pi'elles faillirent faire s deja, (le[)nif (pn'hpie temps, il avait pris nne pail dans les nffniro.^ do rKmplre. in lemoin Ires sa^face de^s graves evenemenis (pii smvinrenl en njif) on a fait, il y a qnehjurs niois (\h\)< im imporlnnt jftnriial (tn (.anada, nn'^ ivlalion si ( laire el si com[»lele (pie je ne .sauiais iui(Mi\ faire (pie de la irproduire lextuelleuient : . Yhvs.»u ..vn.l at ^i»ii.lt-s ipiHlilP.. liitellif^'tMice Ivb^ Mivntc, ini.larc (jiii affrontf tons Its ohstailrs, mdcpeii- ianir dv laiadiic (jui |Mssii pai dcsMis Ions \vs pn'jugi'j^, el tic |)liis if i\in le ••'i"l»t >it«' |><'|>!il»»»"c (Mi Abys- - htllf |)i»\st.iii(<\ ftntc inuMiiiaiK', habiU'l*' el vaillaiKf (laii> la liittf. On put .simmvi a Ik)!! droit qu'il <( allait loiiliiiu*! liii^U'iiieiil ri parfairt- \\fu\rv (le (( Mrn^llck. . ■ , « Mais le poinoir qiril H%»il pris m jtime le grisii. 11 « s'entoiira (rhornrnes Ures qui nVurenl li'aulres preoecu- H pallons que de salif^faire ses mpiircs it ses plus viles (( passions. u Par soil p^re, il <^tait de dMcrndaiKN- inus^idniane. Sans (( prendre garde qu'll blessail profoiidtineiit les sentiments t( Chretiens du peuplf d'Fthiopic qui dtpiiis dv longs sifecles u h lutler conlre le musnlmanisme, il aiinait a frequenter (( \(*9 niof»qu^es el affeetalt de pafditit en public loujours « enlour^ de innsulman*. (I II se laissa per««imder jwr un son in qui a\ait reussi a « pretldre un grand ascendant sur M»n esprit (ju'il ^tait H flppele h fonder un %asle empire islaniiqut- qui sVlendrait a siir tonte rAfriqiie. u CVst sans doutf fXJUr preparer la realisation dr ee r^ve u qu'il enlevn an Ras Tafari la proNiiM( du llarrar qui est u tonle musnimane, c( (> dernier etiup le p^rdii en soiilevaiil le sentiment M pe ras tafari, dans le ^'ouvti m-iuenl de celle u province du llarmr, a'^ll acquis un ^'land renom de u jusUre ei de bonf^. De plus il b^nt'lii iail dn prestige qui H s^aiUrhait au noni de fton illustre pen , \v Has Makoneii. « le valnqneiir (le» Itatlens k A.dona. 1/iiijustice que lui « faisfllt IJdj Yasaoil refidli le Ras laffari plus jK)pulaire (c encore cl lui gagna la sympathie (!♦• tout Teinpire. « Quand arH?a nu mois de «e])l»'nibn' (ii)di) la f<^le Of de ki Oojn qtii (M \n fAle nfltionalf, les ( Infs abyssins « reunis h la rapitale Addis- Abeba piolitt^nMil de Tabsenie « de IJdj Yasn qui ^tail h Harr.n. |H)ur pi (k lamer s;« « dech^fice et rnettrc I sa pklcc le ba> lafari. » « Totitefois potlf faire arogiii^ plus fa« ih'ment ce cban M gemenl an petiple de file tire si atlac he a la memoire de ((•Menelik, on recotUiui le titrc J^itiuM' d'lni|)eratrice a la M iilie de M^n^lik If, Hdsero Zaoditou. <( Lidj tassoit ejisdya de reprrndre It- |K)iiV()ir avec I'ar- c< ni^e m Usui mane qui s'^lait altafovlnoe des liVallcw, prlt le parti dc son fils et s'avanva f( rers la eapilale aTPC une Hoinbreuse arnu'e. I'ne grandf f( bataille fut liyr^c h iaittielle ptcnait part le Has Tafari. f( IjC IRas MiehaSl, d'abard taitiqneui dans la premiere « phase dll ctrmtmi, fut taioeu el fait prisonnier (i). » i'e fill le signal de la debandadc* pom les [)ai- ti^aiis de I Jdj Yassou. (i) Noir t'«:.i Imih III : Ainirt' I ♦•Ihmi : '• I. a I'nhli ijiir li,- hi hr<]f>rr en AfrKjw, iS«)(>iS()S »» (IMdn. lyoi). Mai« ce que parabsetit avoir oublie les redac- teur?i de la Westminster Gazelle — et c'est bien rheure de le rappeler h rEurope et a TAnie- ritpie — r/e?it (jue C^tte r^volnlion de 1916 a etc au.^»i une reaction cofitre lefl tendances ^ermano- f)hile<^ de Yriu. tifll ^crit ^m : LTAhiopie el les C(tnv(tilist's altertiandes (•>) nn livre ([ui etant (ii ( >ii lira nM'v intrri^t tonlf la (I«m iinuMitatioii piiblitM* sur edit' r('\<»liitii»ii par VAfrique Fram^nixe de janvirr tC f^vrier njiS. ('}) Jr firfjK h i)nMMser fpip cv \i\ rv hvhiI siirt« m('i!arniil<'« ffirmiitrr< par d'aulnvs goitvernpmeiits f»iin ipt'f II".. (l.'Klhinint ci Ifs ( .ofivoitises aticrnainii's. Ik'rgtT-I.fvraidt , ^di- It'urs.J .^ c. ^ ^ DB I/AFBIQUE FRANQAIBE m aiit^iii^ur a adla revi>luti(*n cai volonlaireiueiit imiet »iir lea oircoiwtancea ilarin lesquelle^ uiiv veritable alliance avail ^te scell^t^ eiilre Ya^scHi el ii(>s enneini«. Ceux-ci avec le concours de» troupoH 6thiQpieniieg devaient envahir toutes les colonit's limit ropheg He lAngleterre, de I'llalie ei de la Franc(». Kl, »! Ton veul bien «e rappelei quelle iiieiiie dun digfiitaiie de TKnipiie. (ieiui ei |inu» (1 ra(*()nt(^ qnh Tissue de hi hataille qui dt^(-ida (in ^uei-es du Has 'I'affari, un des prineipaux lieu tt»nanls de Yussou, ayant ele fait piisoiuiier, do V » . jy^^'vi^l-t ,^»' .^^ ^;^>»^t * .^.« ¥.V ^: »- .^>1^- '-^ii ,^if«M-5^*;'H, '^^■v.y '.^. . r*'," ' , wm it-Ki-: ' ?':r r^.,,"» .V :3y *■■'!<)■ /."A. mmm wmm ^m 8. A.J. fcT K. LK UA^ J'.NKN. (('Hrllf Kwj. f'irOlt). I ■i SH Jii i etail a ce inonjenl la situation sur les theatres exlerieurs de Ja gujene Im plu« proche^ de I'Ethio pie, on se rendra eonipie du i>^ril qu'un pareil de.ssein portait en lui. In tf^moignage suffira h nionlrer h quel point Yassou etait solidaire de nos advcrsaires. Nous ravens recueilli k Addis-Abeba, de ja bouche opportunenieni rappele les faits dans son nuin(^r<) du '2o niai n|n). On conq)rendra (pie nous eprou- vioiu*^ une ((^liaine satisfaetion a le eitcM. II re- pond a ^a ujanifre et par anticipation a la cam- paf^nie de la \\ estniinsfcr (lazelle. « A racti4)n (\rs puhfmiMf^ ooiitrr Irs nianopuvres «iif»lr(>- »< allemandes s'asdocia 8ponian<^njpnt celle des populatiofi^ i .f .^^ JU'LI-KTIN I)U COM IT E (( jihyssines, rl ^[><''nij ^.i-^-^oii <( (leliii-ci iiViiil « i n |M>ii\t'ii ittii>v |i iil^^.ilK («> t u ckIciiI.i lr> Mil^ (( il sr lioiiN.i miIh tj'iih III i-<»lr Its sujris drs coNmik^ •!< <( ri. nit lilt < I 'ii^i I N n I lit iiiif .itlihitit' iI'mIi-oIiic I«i\,iiiI<', «( {M till. lilt ({lie lt-> I )o| III l.il ii )ii '- * III M iji h 1 1 iM - lit rt'li;^i«>ii inn (( >l|||ll.l||<' IH' II I.I IK J II. I II I it {lis (It ll-<|ll('l tic |iM>\«MJUt| |i.n (( It III .h III) --It III f(iiiii(-ll(' a la J K lilt iijiic (III s(>n\(i.iiii iiii*' (( NCI ilalilc ^'iit I ic (I \ ilr )) (( pi'iit , i|ii,iiul |>.ii ^,1 ( It t la I .it it III , Mniii.i M.itlit-ti-- .itt.iijii.i (t \r tl(^lM■ (le I.kIj ^a>^(lll. I.I iltfailc iiiiliLiiif ^msil iiiiiim'- (( (Halt iiHiit la (l«''fait«' |K>litnjii« Its sfii 1 1 rnrnts liii futij^lr <( t'f h infil.-n ill fiHi'tU ((<■ i I.H\ i \lti' ('llliltl (l(>/l< rOi'AdiiK Hi t( tic Si' rr nh >rn I n KUiii (■ [nir /f ./i'rt/« n / (h'fin'l u (ht tiiiin' luis luWuii. !.(* ;_!( HIS t I IK iiifjit fl hit ijiidi a a NiHiJii (t III I'll Mitr fcs sent iiiicnl •- ^itins t ifl'h jcl If^ (iaii^ It's cajiil.i It'N .illiio. >> 1j* Has liilTiiii chiil (IniK \ iiiiHiiiciii- dc Yas><»n. I ,1 pK K'laiiKi t K >ii ( oiiiiiic iW'inc dv> lloi^ el I iii|M''i'atr'i<'t' (Ic S. \l . /aoiiihm lillr v\ dcriii^M ciiriiiil \i\iifil (Ic I Ijiiprniir Mt'ih'lik II el ICIrc Ihili SI >|('iiiH'||r (oiiiiiM' li(''^^('iil (It* I l\Ili|)iir v\ llciilicr (ill I iVxH' ( I ) (Ir siin Micssf Impci iiilc el r»«>\;«l»' Kii> iiiffiiri, iiiiii (|iKiil It' M'l(»iii- a la li|)|(' ll^MM't'. S. \ has 'lalTtiii rsj. rn cITct, Ic fiU dr S. \. li.is M.I k< Milieu ( >i rl appal I lent aiiisj ;^ \,\ faiiiillr (III ;_riiiii(l ainil dc rijiipnciii M<''ii(''lik II. I, III ^|( •lie It'll ml (l<»iic (Ir IK III \ (MM a la tt'tc dc I l.iiipm d(ii\ descend. I iiU i\i' I illiisjn' aiiccltc. Car (Ml s;iif ('' painii Ics plll'^ ^T.tnds Munciaill^ (\r Icpiapjc (iMlt(Mlip<> ijinc. a cii pnin pr"inci[iid cl lidclc ( ( )||.dM m ;ilciii Ic has M,ik(MnMii. I ('^ dciix iKiiiJs (''t I ( >i Iciiiciil a.sxKics I Mils f lent ji'iift I lii^((Mic iiiodciiic i\r cct (Mllpi I r .if I l( .li II . ( ',Cp(Mldil III ht sjt Hill i( III . ;i|| riKMIH III < ' 1 1 Ics Il«»l| \c.lll\ s( HI \ rf ,i|l|v piCM.Ih lit p( >vsr^^|( i[| dij p(i||\i>|| (Lilt {{('^ pills dclicalc^ (I (ji'v plii^ dilli(ilr- ( ♦•[ tains «/iaiids c jicfv ipn s'(''l.n(Mil i.dlh's i\ S. \. U.i- liiff.iM p«Mir !• iiNcr^ci I idj ^.i-^«'ii (iiii lit II iidii IK I- I ijcii I i.il 11 1 cllc .1 pi • »li t(i (Ic lent ^ h t(Mic pi'iii ^c midi* pill- IiImi's \|v ,1 \ |v dii pi'ii \ oil' cfMil r;il . ( (11 \ I j II I (Mil (I ud !('• II li -h 'I I < ■ fl II C 'picFI lie ,>,l\clll (|llr ic ( It Ml \ tM lit lilt II I (tllll.ll II .1 |M- t'Ml j d,iii- liHil Ic h I III' Ml c. Lc> di-l,iiiccs, Ic rararteie de- p( iipl' -. h in ii'MidM''. I .ind'lll'Ml t I I e^piil d I Ildepe |ld,i I K (• de- ( II' K I ( ) e ; I II \ < M I I f . I I I p i I I I < • I - < p I e d e \ . I > 1 C - p I < • \ II I < » ' - diMl KMI I (M ( Ml I .1 I ll< MK M I IC- 'Ml IK' M <•( » 1 1 11 1 I I ( M I I ipic (riiiie ni.iiiierc h»iiilaine r.iiiI'Mih' iinptMialt'. I.ciii dcpind.iiKc ,1 I c^j.iid i\r cellcti lie >'a f li iiiiai t , d.in.s I (' r«i.s, (pir p,ii Nil in<»d(\s[c liihiit (Hi pai nil pi/'<(Mil (|iK l( (Ik I (Mi\')\;iit p('i i( MlKiucineiit a riMiip'Miii \iissi p'lidiiiit I.I peiKMlc de la de< ;id( IKC, liiiil'iiilc 1 1 n | >ei i.i Ic ne lilt elU' ^^ou- \(iil (prune st.iir dc -\iiiIh>Ic (a'llains chefs 1m ii-i pni IK III (iiianeipcs d(Miiiii effc<'lif i\{' l;i (In nasi ic Ic^ iI line. Mai^ iiKMiic (Ml ccs liMiip- pi < »|( Mid(M nciit ll(MI l)les, I lil pHMilie II e^l p;i- C( M 1 1| )lelei IK Ml I xmIic (111 Cadli' dc s( »n aid iipic ( >i ;^Mniisiil i(Mi . M. s,i(Mi,i, (Jill NciMit dan- li lit iiniti' de h lMii[)(Mriir I li('()(l( »ios ct (|ni a ('(III nil li\rc iiiipiirti;d siii <'<'llc licllc cl alticic li«/iire a lajsM' nn j iia, dans *^i <( |»lii^ ^jT.iiiilt I it t iuiciii f. (ilfir ,iii\ \r\\\ (ill \ ( iva'»'('iir ncn " intNtjiij, |;i ( h.i I jM'iitc (I Nil (Utile >-(»(i.il f(.it [M'l f»( tinn iH". ' I ji[ ii|f luiii ill time. |. V ,ln.it^ iiitl i v itliids ^Mianli-. ('•'I I'' 'li'»it (r.i|i|ii I .1 riiiijiiMiii. I,( f.imiHc ciilmiicc it li-^ Nltilnitcv (ic I.I i_'||i I II iHllt |-.lll-ci >> |ull I'lllNIt)- l''t'ilit'' ilf- nt'i!il.iiii\ i///«(/(//i liiiix tr.i-il. 1. I., I Idi ts( I " 'I lilt t I 1 1 I . i||i|( I'll N( )i . , . [■)') )) (i) I.iri' dans I'Afrique Frnnroisr, janvitr tt f«'vrii r 1017. " 1 1 prorlfimiil i<»ii tlf .^a Hi'mI itmlf Ah«'ini;i M;ali('<»> it It- hctuiir^ >lii Trt'irH', (If S. \t /:i lidittni. (j) M \ ijs'iK'Td? (ians ^011 cxtillcnt \\\rr : Tn*' \li^s,i<>n Fran- (;nisc rn Ahyssuiie (Arni.uid Colii^ i^'*7. •< ^^^'^ •'" ^^••'^ M;iktiini«ii nil p.atciil lii'^ viviuit •' jii-^trnMnt «'l.»^'i(n\. \\ce r;i\ (' MKMIK III de MiMK'lik (Mil (''!♦' cliVsCS Ic< p' M'mIc- d .111.11 (III' \ K 'h Mile d( Mil ( ct Imii pire \(\ \ '•"M .1 l.inl -^'Mllleit II ne f.lll.lil ddiie p. Is ipir df iKHlM'.in l.llKlllhlc ic-lllt.d (ic hi (llsf cnM'C |»''l I'l I 'S ' 'liil K Ml de l*)l(» el hi dep«»s|h(Mi de V;is- ^i\r riniin. d'Mll hi M KMK (' el hi (I'M nil KMI hit K Ml ("•chiinMit I line liinii»'M"c p:u 1 i( iilici ( II i« III \i\e Ics piohleiiics '- pill- <*Mlfn- cl |c< pill- ( s Ihu.i \}>>hpaiitc .1 li.th >;jlc .i\e( Ic- hills de hi pi ijodc pia^^pfdo : (i) Chefs. (■>") Tli(fn(inrns II ct VKmpire d\Ahyssinie, j-.a (.iiili.njin- Lcjcan, P.ins Anivt^t (186.'')'). I)E I/AFIIIQUK FKANgAlSK 'n:\ u^i Toll <'|ii.li«' r(i'ii\r«' (If \l«'ii»'lik, ii ii.iili .1 (jilt I ' I t lih >|»i< J il N .1 ( in(| ii.Mih- t*^l (( iii()il<' »Mi >« iinnil l,«' ti.iN.iil »lt I r II 1 1 .1 1 1 ^.1 1 i< in > .n lirNr. (t Lcs Jsii.i^lirv jV(,(l,ilrs s'«hi;j iHiit I t >^ lias iir -^niit jiliis (( (ll'S '^ti;.MH'lir s fr(»(limx |)ir-<«|llr i||(i«'|MluliUlK «t M .M » oi <( liilllt .III SrijUS (|nr s'i|> Ir \i lilriil lilrii li" sr( »lr It iiiS « s<)|(|.il^; il> in- -niit ;/iirif .iiipiiiiii liiii cjin' > il«' «( (<»i|i-> (r.iriiicc {'[ «lrs •^'oiiN n iH'iii s tir |»i(i\mt<' <|i;ir;/«'S <( ,1 1,1 fois (III ( omni.iml* iihmI dr^ li(»ij|ir^ d «lr I .kIiiimii^ (. li.itKtii; iK Mint n\ «»« .^l^^•■^ d in I i.Mi-rii» ttcnl |>.l^ l l«' rouiiiiil Jr •' •''^<)U' '*' '^''^ M.m;^M(li.i, ,i|»j).u (iiiiiKiil <'ii( (»in .i^T p.ii drs (• ^N inp.it llirs nil prill rllr drs v|||»si(lcs r lii < »|)( «'||s, triil.i u (If sf ij'volln. il >>Nflit .ni lidrlr liriitciiii id *\i- \l«'inlik, K Ir i.i^ M.ikoniH'ii i\r m.ir(lni ii\«'( IIIH' rN(<>il»' tic .^(Kiti (I lioiiiiiir-^. .Ml dr\, lilt (ill i< licllr |MHir roldi^j'ci .1 d<'lliiiild<'i (( |t.iid-(Mi^ Ic^ \(ii\ (ill sou- << I*''i d» - hoi^. Iiii i,iiiil» difli nlli' (c (< • !•• I .in « .1 r.iclcn' (III I ;_' if I lie, .i i i ill* il i^cii « i- 1 1 ("- on \ • i I c , (< ( ( »nl 1 1 M i< 1 .1 . Ir <'ii.s ( ( 1 1< ,1 n t , .1 \ . ' (i I n H 1 1 , I ( i u \ i< n.i I lo- <( I .1 l« dc < I V I I I ~.l I h Ml • I .1"' J iM 1^' I • - < III r ( Jill - I I I.I I \l • II' I ik » I »' |) tot |».ii iin iii;tl i ii > |)l,h .1 lilc. M.ii^ il n''-^^l\Jl|| .1 ii m cI aXi'C l.i col lulx ►! a I i< >ii (J line ^'lilc dc ( lirt^. I (rinrc iiat iniia jr (Ir CI \ 1 1 i^.il K »ii cl (Ic |)i ( >!_' i''>. 4 " 1 " ■ ^, • ■f' » f i->""- . /> r>:^vv.V' '.\-;- ! i r • * ^ rfit^S.v^ '^ . ^ ¥ ¥ k M. I. iNil'KllATUM I /VMlMTitl U Kl » V \ N T II. ((thl'-^ 1 1 II' I " M \ I I < H K « \ I r.i III. iin< \ 1) iiH i II - Il N hn !• II !• . • I \l.i II n .. ! 1 1 1 >i .1 1 1 _Mi ii,i (< c^l U- liK di I I III J til «• II I .1 ( )|i.i f 1 iif^ it il I 1 1 II I II 1.1 1 1. 1,11 1 dui^i i< !«' liL'if (til >-.lll- (jllt-hjllc dr|i|t Ir llMlic ( m i ||[»c |i,ii| iiii ( lii'.iji < '« -t « nil .ii;jimi(nt (l.(lf(•l•^ in\(»(|iii' ji.ii di - |m.|iI|(|ii(-. Ii.»[i '• I n 1 idi'ii I > . (jiir I I >n III' |ii 111 1 1 \i 1,1 n i< ii t d II ">< III \ I I -n 1 1 I ' II II I ti lilt Ml << i. .1 N,i iiMiil. ijijilijiii iMiii- <« |M lilh-ii II 1,'ilf » ntic II •- I licf^ il.tiiiMi'. I.I lull' V, 1,1 i< cniiitc I't lie Mil III. I |..i-^ ( n ptiil I Or^M n I--.I I K »ii li< - f'litc (< diiiiiM'c n '(III I I, it ji.ii 1 1 N.'i.Mi>> .Il tin I, If ^I'lil d,iiii:i I « jHiiiii.iit \iiiii d ".I II d lit ii Ills I I n I i[)i'i 11 1 ii'S : .illi-»'i Mil « (I iiiinn II' cmriit < I 1 ncrinlic . iIiciiIhi ,1 d('(li.iin«i l.i « LTIIi I If ft diNls.i p(i|M I. ■•/Ml I ■^.Mlilit d'fXfilJ'lil- llii'Nili^ « poin ii|ii(ndii I I ii.ilivii .nlin. ,1 U l.ivmi K\i-^ tii'iddi-. (< i\,K i>r<,j,'t\ jniits i]i,,!-tt\, inais hah (tnlihi\ 1 ic-s [irid-.i- « idfiiiiiit, If l^.i'- M.tki 'M ri'M . Ir ff»n lll'IIIICjI's .iriljCCs. (I ,111 ((illl'' (|i'-i|llcU j.ll i-i I I Ic ill I :ci II il .i|>| Il 1 M Ih'i I I rij ill III II li'lll ct (ic I h'll < 'I )^( I V «'| ^ \ I 1.1^ I .1 II .1 I I l.r^ ( 1 1 ( ( ' 1 1 ^1 .1 li< c> lie IM '1 1 1 1 < I ••II \ \'i\. I ;_'!'- .ic- C(l||l|)||- 111 \|||(|1|C ll'' I I -t il*' M hic^l ft (ill ("i'IiIm . (Ic |H)^lc-. ad III II II -I I .it 1 1 s (ic( ii|i»'s dan- (I i llci »' 1 1 1 ('-« iMltlc^ dc i'r iic'iiic C( It it I I lent (Ml (Ic l|i|v^l(,|i^ |i(i||||(ji|('^ (If (ai,i(lc|(' c\(r[dj(i|ilM'|. Ill ()iit ii\i^ I I ('( jiici 1 1 II 'MI i-ii (<'lila(d |o('i alir rl liio|)i!'ii iir s<'iid)U'nt s'rtu' n islal- lisrrs en lui. I'll rrhi lie snr|)i (Midra |)<'isonn(» paiini (rM\ (|in onl \n son \)i'iv a ro'iivir, anpirs i\r Mrntdik, on (|ni Tiiyaid iciicoidrr rn Knro|)** out pn appircicr sa liaiilr i ntrlli«^M'n( r rl son •jiand sa\ojr. \n irslr, S. \. Ka^ lalfaii a donne la inrsnic rrinai(pial)lt^s (apariti's dans \v f^M)n\ri III nh III i\(' la pi(>\in(< dii Ijanar on il coidiinia, ;iM'c la inrnir Irnacilr rl Ir nirnio snc^ecs, hrn\ir priMniiirllr (In has Makoiuu'n. Nons (loyons (|nr Urns Irs ^'•(Uivri lunirs (|ui sr snid siirrrdr a DjihonIi rl c|ni nViiil rossiO d'l'UtlvU'nir ,i\cr Ini (Irs rrhdions lo\alr.s aict^ilnaicnl d\' ( ont irsii^rfHi ropiniiHi (p»r immis M'l^ons (Jo mrti rr. ♦ ♦ S. \. Has Taffaii ii';i pas bki^nr \c pouNoir. 11 la iirrr[)le, roininr ou assniuf a nnr hruiv par- li( idiririnrnl riili(|nc, <'t jkmiI oliv docijiive, pvuu -on piJNs, nnr mission ilan|si[iki srs a^>liludrs au (iouvrr n<'inrnt. S. A l\as laffaii a montiv qnil olait (apablr d( sc niaiuliMiii an poiivoir. II a anssi pr^nve i|u'tl savail Ifxeu'^*!. (.ai si rdiivrr dr Vtcin'lik II a snbi nn trinps tliiiirl — prndani hi ]K»rioJe c>u Yasson tr-o|) jiiinr rl inrvpri i inrut*'^ a ^(^uvt'Hit* — idir a i(pii> ^i inaiclir dr|jAiis U uiouiunl oil S. M. /aodiion iiim' dii'rrlivr dont iU nr < ijil I »a^ «'(a I l/'N ; ar la Ut'f^tiKr, IKnipirr sr lionvjrit en d6seqni- ld)rr. fali^Mir par nn lon«j: nialaiso. affaibli par la iTMvnr ( ivdr (pii, si rt>nrlr (pi'rllr rut 6\i\ avail hMil dr iiirnic piodnil dr -ra\rs r(^pnTns.sions. Drs plairs riairni onvrilrs. II fallail Ics assaiidr p(mr Irs (icaliisri rnsndr. l/adininisli at ion dc S. A. has laffan a (d)trnn ir ivsnilat. Kt il e.st (Tanlanl |)lns inriiliurr cpir Ir lU'^M'id sr trouvait rn facr d'nnr silnalion fori driiralr. >♦ ' vi < ( Hi Ir \aif, line iJcs j>r'rt' i j xih'.s firt^^K'tUfnifutris (h' tmirr Kinfnr»iir Mriirllk rliiif A' \ uf rtuiwin' (he: H(His lo civihsn- ftini I'll fi tjn-rn iir rt dr In n}irr jtnsstT (lnf]s Irs HKtlirs lir /(«.//•( l>it\S. )) \ ( (• pMii(ip» ( lair V o> ,1 rat <|ni a fait I'iiTrsis lihlr IdKr rl Ir pirvti«^'t» rin|)/'rirn\ dn (iiaiid Ijiipririn. Nr-« ^i K ( «"^^( 1 11 s a<'lnr|s, (pii soni Ir^ ft r\r|iU ( < >iil I I inalrii I >- <1r Kji \o|()nl(' I'tvsprrl/'r , 'III. rii l(iiitr < i I ( (ii I ^1 .inr«'-v^ rnar(|ih'" Irij? lidr llr. II (nI < \.i( f qnau riioiiKiit (Ir I rt.il)li>t('iii('|| I l.c^s adv<»rsairrs dn ConviM tiiMnrld (Mhio[)kMi arliirl old (^onlnino do Ir rrpirsridrr roiiunr liraill(\ coinnU' drcliirr ridrr drn\ t(^lKlanct\«^ inc'onrilial)li'6 : irllr dr S.M. riinporrtlrii-c /a(^- (lilon v[ ndU* i\r S. A. has laffuii. lis parl(Mif do rr ^iKstiUal [mmo aflitincr (pTanrnnr srciiiite no |UMd oxisirr ni p(Mir TKlhiopir (llr nioino, ni pour SOS voisins; p<»m corlirn'i cpio lanl (juo durera iH' log^inio anoun progr^Ji no ponna otro realise dans mu'un doniaino; (pi'il oonsliino nno inonaco poiuianonlo pcuu la paix intoriouro do rHinpire el U Irancpiilile dos coKuiios ouKipoonnos liitd- liop^iOi. lo.s moindroi evononioids lonr sorvonl do pi43lo\lo poni' ropivndro ( olto tliosr; (pi'il s'ugUso d nn simple inoidi'id di' fronlioic cpii mel don\ ohrfb an\ prisos iwi d nno resislanoe lro[) jnslilioo du (ionvtM nrmriil (lonlial a cor- lainrs prolonliiau olranf^oics. Tout roronimoid^ lo "> janvioi oxarlonioid, un Irlo^ianiino adrosso do Londro.s an l^apuLit Wo- rnano, faisani allnsion a nn aohat d arIn<^;:> <}ue \v (iimvcrniinont olhiopion do^irorail offocluer en Aineriqno — c^oito iufoiinalion parait avoir de- olanoho la furiouso campa^no do la Weslrmi^ter (la:etle (0 — ap|K)rlail los as^sorlions suivanle-s : (( D'h^ivs k' Mikruintj Post, \nn- luniNcik' d'\ilt'n sigualr (( ri'iivoi d'viuc ^rosAt' Sitjiiiiu- (k'Nfinrt a I'achal, pour U' (( (\»iu^le (-K' rAhvssinu', di' fnsiU rt Ji' iminitioiis aux u ttals-l iiis. u Clt's (iiTuiiiH, Jiiiihi mr(»n Iv v,iil, n'(>iil pas adli«'"rt' a la (( a>ii\euik>ii i'uliv la Graiitle Bn taj^riu |a Franc** tl ritalie c( preihili^iui ri|ikpi>ititiou dv uuil/'rirl iiiiUiain' iii(Hi<*riU' (( (feiisi k's rcgioiks les minus civiiiu^fs dr rAfriquc K Le Morniiui Pitst dit qulk .\ik*a un cxprinM' l'«'s^K»ii K que Ic (iouvi'i ui'inr.iil Ariu^ricaiu s'HL>lu'iuiia de fa\oiis<*r u I't'iivui d'arnu's vn Ab)S6UiU>^ ou lt',\ deux ftartis qui se (( (iisftuteni la %ujtrrtn(\t\p , rrliii tie fa lirinr ft t'eliii dn (( Heijent, J\t* sr jtUrnt pas run t-ifnirr rnntrr nn'hjurmrnt I* [xirre qu'ils nuifiquent d'anm's ei lir anuntinns. )) I )o pai-rillrs affif inal ions di' nn'mo cpir los aitii Irs d(» la ]\ 4\sf rfiinstt'r (i(i:('tt(\ montront (pio rrii\ (jni Irs rodi/^nrit i^noronl — ou nie^oonnais srni (]oIil)oromonl - a la foi.s Trial aclnol d(» I h]ni[)ire Kthiopion rl la position a lYp^arcl d(* I Imporalricr dr S. A. has '['affari — cpii Ini anssi, nons I aNons (lit, apparlirni a I'anlicpio (hnaslio. — Kn rcnrodnisant ioi nn manifosli* dr < It S. M. Zaodilon, — lagseo d«'s njiS, dos rnmonrs (il I .*' r\ir*'>\e dr': nrrnr^ rt drs tniniHi< ns »> ^i^fMM' ii S.niit '•( riiiiuii tn |,;iyr. !♦• in ^rptrinhn* ly'w- r'/oii tnnr* iii« 11 1 .1 < «• i|tioitt idfirmt- \rs < i irrr<;p< induiiU «jjfnC' retle rotiVf-raiMii , i^A^ DR L'ATT11QTM\ F R A Mr A I S E 225 [X'ffidrs inisrs rii ('ir('uhili< m ii < <' "^'M*'' ii<»u^ duroiis piojcN'* imc luinirit' ulilr sjii mi rliil dr ch<)srs (jiic «<'rtaiii('s amhitinns r\l< riiuirs ( Iut chriil a ii^'";/ia vci ct a t'\ |)l« >i I I'l' |< N'// \ ti ifiithjii'uii «///(, /'fi/' i'fs fxifi i[t'S^ ihrrrii(- fi nittlS M (^cifii tjin fdiitutt' (fill f'.v/ im lntrnnrr tfu'i ri'diftw ftos i' Fii^lrr iKilrii' ti t\ni #'>/ jnlnu.i- '^**" jSP]i^.*-v.v:>>M^' .n(.■ «• 5d »"A/€k^*j. •.(■«; ■/> i> S. A. I. hi Ii. Ih K\> 1 AKKVKI, KKi.KM I'h I. KMl'IKh hi HhKIIIKK M IK<».NK (( (^.hrfs iii' Vi,n rrr*' 11'. ni{,rrfijr MfJirdk. u J (' vnus 4,nr rolls fmrr siirnir re (jui smt " \ ihaqtit' instant o/i foit <(ninr i'ji rtlir ,i,s /.<./; r»'//r,s " ''"^' 'i t(ii( Umsst^s. IhTinrrcrniiif . -n n nhnntr fjnr I'hrn- K tirr (in trufw rt mm ^ nmis mms ttmns r//\/w//<.N. u (ini InniJ^rnti-jr (jui im' smt ^Jn.v [)n>rht^ qiir rnt>ti n iiildfit, rnon frire, le Jils tin Has M^tkunnrn t^iu nr rn'a " jamais cvntredii ? L'AFRigCi FRAHQ4III. — 9* o. I ( Mtfiez-VOUs ihs tj^'ns ijni .h.rrhrnl <) st'nirr in dis- <{ ,-iiji!r tt <) j'ttT hi litrisnui dini^ m j" i jtiilnti nii . >> (( \/^ii t(jnl4' iin nl jr I'ths >fis dt' rn//,s- «'^/ tjcrilrr ft dt' i n i hii s itnirt' t) II' ij'/''/n rdi "fi 1 1 i< t . (( \/»'v tirtiis ••/ ntt's /r/'r^.v, si rofis i- nfffidt': (jurhffi'nn u fiMfi'>r lit' srfn hlablfs fionvellcs, sai^i ssc: ■ r,,ns lif Im it (( r(iu,iii.\i- If drrarit /c jUi^f '/'/' /'' j^nnu'd st'ii'rrmfiif . f'/j (lijisstint iiinsi VOUS didxirrf^ ss, rr : la^tfr rili*' (/♦■ ini'ri- u teurs. ♦ ♦ ♦ PULI.RTIN DH COMT'I"!' 1 r'rsf fnnir nttis dirr ii ]\r |M'iil iiK'i iK'.j II m» M 1 1^ ([lie (Ir^ r ,U('lLsrl il , (|lh d.- jmiiIiI- tif \IM' (Illicit III (I s(i|>[M>Nr|il (Hie |( Jilt !( us ;iii -«r||i dil (!llllhtll lit) III it's -N II I [»f t'lfiif - iiMrnhitm ^<>ii i,i|>|)(»il (111 iii(>i> (Ic jiiiii i()iS : I iilin. «'< III M I'm iiii ( ti 1 .1 II , |Kiiiiii It- >\ ill j»t<'.iiM>« Its < (»lii^ ^iL'llilic.tliK, |iM'liV.illt tjiif It- «''lilrv (Ic ( rs [Mipll " l.i|i(»ii^ tint UN t^'it''^, (>n [H-iif ^iijiLiIci' " l« l.iil t|ii'im iii»iiil»r»' tie- I cv I ii'l jf .1 1 It »ii -- !•■»• iili s |(iiiiiii " Ire- |),i| |("n ;_' I ( til I )<•■> ill' -t»|(|,lt- «l (l( |i.l\>.lll^ ii'lllll- «ll II <(>lii|ic- ,1 \i|(!i- \hl( >!•- , I ,ill I ilti iti( III (I IIII li.iili iiHiit ,iii\ 1 III f- ijcx t' I II i !it I 11(1 i( 111 •riiitiiih < "n , -t .ill. |M-M]ir."i Ftiutc " < licr ail \Iiiii-lic (If r X;/! it II It NIC d* ii'a\(iii pas sii '< I'lfHtlit' Its Micvuits (jiii .iiiiaicnt jmihu" au\ j'.insuis << al»\> I I u n '[If (|( lil I'iii n' (•( ii id. I lift' J S. \ ll.i- T.if i'l 11 .1 'Jill III' ' 'Ml I M 1,1 t /i. ||, c\l I (Mini I icii t (li'l i( .itc n''^r|,., r(>Mc ('\ fi| I jt h III I ,t {iiiii <'i['il<' .1 Ml I »il K III (ill r\(\«j-ciit c-l . rii flit I (If (I. II (III ire I < I II \ I . tl( I I ,iii|M 1 1 III Mcin'l I k II ,tii \ (ii|v <'l \ ili-'ll t iff < (|II(> cr LM.ihti ^ti|j\c|,)i|i .i\ail I litif \\i^'<. Son |)r( )«.'-| .1 M line — ijii il iii,i [.Jii-ifiii- f(»i>. f\|)(>N(' I M I ^, i|i iicjlrdi, f ,1 .iVCf llllf lllthlitt' ''f inif f < 'Ml pi . f |cf|-i( III (!.• I .||||t''Mil<^r(.f ||f| if tt (If- f\i;:ciic('s (Ic 1,1 \ it" iiKiilfiiic <|iii fii".i|)t jiioftiii v(fi| v;i line I iitt 1 1 i;_^f rif f rf li. n ,],.. (liKffiiifs <"l"Mi,ilcN (Ics; [iiiisvaricrs cuit »|M'f n m -, in ,iii( ufi,' i^Tii ridf " f('ffMnif< ;icc( Ml i| ,|i, V j,:,f c||,.. d.in^ I'III"- I II ( •! r<|()| ,t(v (1 [)( i-scvsjt i||v d (Hitic MM f '|"il vjijl ;iv(',' |)f;iiictiii|, d'.il Icnilt Ml |t)|j|,.. 1,.^ iiiii III ff-l.il it Mis d,' rii(>li\il«' [»( »lif i(|iif f( <'f()i|,)- iiii<|ii«' t)iit |f^ lli('"rilf(>s ^< 'iM cut 1 1 i'|Mt l.mU. "^'•"^ 'I '"' ^.iiiiiiil 'Mfc (|iicv|i()n ti'i iiiH )\ ;ili( Mi^ ''•"(lif-, iiiiscs li,lti\ . fin III f Ml |Miifi((ijc I 'I'^llij.^- !"♦' •'"' Nil |M\ - hf s ( f ,,,||| |, Mllf ill"tf . t |( M ItMIMMlf '' i' ' '• I rlijsf I fir ('\ ( .| II 1 1 .| I [ ,i . (I [id«''c nc [M iiif- ''"I t|uc l.iii-vni r.ii iii.ihuc (|iic Ir- sjrclrv (,f|f f"ii:«''' <■! <|"' '■' <'nc;i(li('' iii-t|irifi ^.i \ ic [„.' ' ;,,,. •' ^ .. • niorit A ■ , ,,' yrnri.ih r dc rM.\.rti]a.' n,i*- |n -M..Mi...r. ...,,,. .n,M]i,P ,U. l|tl,iopi(.. i.)i-n,i-, i.ar M U.ujm^run. i'\ s( Ml ( M ''.inisiil i( Ml >(M i.ilc. II iiuil l;iis>(M ;ui [> Ic xMn (If <(Miliiiii( I ^«mi (i mic el .i S. \. liiis Lilian Ic^ in<»Ncii- d .k (-(dtM « i h inIIhiic dr St 'I I iirt M Ml . I II -lllijilf It'r.ud llll|)Jlti.d jMtilllClK' >llt I I I llin>|iir ;t(liicllc sidlil a (.mm app.ii .uI i < Ic ciiiac |( IC r iltMlf d('*> ,lf (M|sa I |( I I t^ jH'llff- ('(MlllC file. Ta - II n sciil (l( - jiii>L'i('^ ;i('ci 'II I j >lis xni^ h icfuc rcc(Mid (Ic I Imm|hi(M1i M'liclik n ti itiiiiiii tic r <'';/r cssjt Ml . I" I ^i l«Mi ( |t''^ f |( ippiM iitM 1 1 - c-t (]iit| (|iif|t)i^ cl iin MiKMila iicfMt lit l(i'ii\c (MitiaNc, la faulc II ( M c-l |».i^ ( < 'lit |) I f ti tin II I iiii|Milal)lc an <•< MM (Mill Mil Mil I' t 11 i<^[)i(M I . I in inilialivc lic S \ Ini- lalfaii MhMitifi.i Mftl( lin III t|ii li C"l Itiiiif I I ( laii\<'Saiit ilaii- ic df---fifl tl ti||( iifft ^(i|| ji.iv- i|aii*» IfS v<•|f>^ (III (M t »;,• I f ^ II \ a at t in I It iin M t i 1 1 T ill t '|)c ct ( 1 1 I'.^Nplc daiis If- l\(a''cs cl If- lafiillo [ilii-itMiis jfMMf- I t I I h •|»l (M|s. fh(>i-|^ pal MM If- lllltMM i|t.|H''>, • jMl I It '11 I -II I \ t III (If- (dudo ^llpiM'ici I IC - cl -nil- I KM I I a la \ If tM I I t iptMll I |c ( , f^l (l.lli- 1,1 [icplflMMC. a I II- 1 ( ii'fc (|Mf If I Iff tM it tii'iivt la Ic- ( Mtlif- tpii III! ^(M'Mif I I nl I -pf II >>a I df- daii- ntii il ,innff>. I I II I ii\ *■< Ic I lcL'« M t lit ^ (•( Ml \ f I - •-athMI- tl''-- I f I t «M'f --a f lie- rpii Mltijit Mitilllli'' I,! ' I Mai 1 1 f tie -I a I t '-pi 1 1 p M 1 1 ip n II ^-f (\i- I a 1 1 i pif tl'I'MI- >ti|| .iNtMltMin III, (IfS ( t 'I M C^-h Ml" iMll f I C attiihiKM'- tpii r-'-p. iidt id ,a -,i \t.|(i|i|,'- trafii(M(( i I plll^ I .1 phi' Mm M I I pt»--||i|f I f \ ph 'I t , I I h M I llldll- t I I' lie d( - 1 it 1 1 f ->cs d( I I II I p M ( . it II t -I pa- -a I'liitf ( 1 1 Cl M I- t a I M a'- a( tin-lli - sn pnh id M i.d a la r f 1 1 ni( Ml (Ics (M pit.i 1 1 \ 1 1 •' ^ i M I pM| t ,t n t s Mcia's>aircs a iiiic iiiivn ^li^ cctic cn\(M'Mn'c 4 4 * ^I'H" (I antics (Ml! (Ill (pic -I ccv illl(MllitMI- ct <'«'^ [)i''jcl- ('taitfit IthMi n'tl- ft s|jicail(aMip plus ^\^ dr r.MauM' Mil f't^Jl ilv pc I 1 11 I h 111 K Ml dt^fs plui 1) E 1/ A I li 1 g II K F K A N (; A 1 S K ttl fjHlicii\ [Him 1.1 1 1 .iiH|uillil«' tl' I I liii«'|n«' 't I I >t''('uiil»' (Ic sc'^ \<»i^iii- II iiii|"'|I.h1 <1i nictlit liii ii crtlc Nil ij;i<<' Mil I.' 'IiIIk 111!'' «'f'iii ((rili|»l«' (i.ili- l.t [iriiiidc \i)ll> >niniiM'> «»l)ll^'f- (Ir (llir <|IH' jMlldjItl i|ll(' S \ l^.l^ Tilll.Mi <'\ ;i|t|ill(|ll.ill ll< ('l;iirlil [lulilifc- <|| rill<'|H', vll^crjit ll.l.- (i rn«'l\t'! xili .n tioli il A |]MJIIHI« I l.t (< III fi. line (ilJ [Hlljilr ,'tli |i ipi.'Il. r.,'i|- ll >>«'l.iil [HH'Itl (Ir CJi'ilf (jIH- \r < f'iri \nit. rn nihl.iiit Ir 1 1 ("iiie ii s< H I l«'i_'ii i " >< ' pift«li(i.nit , V HIM- Ixdiiir ()M»inir SI Idli^i^ur h.illir roiilfr le < (liu.i. I iniiiiilic (iiln' ll > (|('n> ihmviimts jjt'U|ii«'r> dr " ;j»l|s ln^ n«'ul(M*«» aiiisi iju'ni fdnl Im| Irs ikiiii- l)nn\ .(.iillit- ( {ii»';:i.st It's |).ii' riiistoiir \l's>>iiif; In N<*ri- -^; iiiiiis ;iu )nui iriini c '«'sl (( ceil.! i iM'liM'ill I.I - \ II 1 1 .,il i I H' (lit 'I i;jl''' (Mdii Ir ll rsccMi' I.I III " (!«■ I, I (i\ii.i^lh' ilr "-^.tliirimii (|iii si' lit'iiiti' ti'iihr It' (.li(i;i, (I sitlid. ■m.iiIhii ill' I'usu rjn'i It iif ihhu'l (S. \ li.i^ |,»rf.iiii. (( l.i'l| ^.i->i <>] )«i;^Mii ill'; I.I |>.ii( ittr el r.iiiiilh' dii H.is • i Srituiiii, N,i jcniH' I I Im lit' li^^iMf, M's oii^^iiK's, liii idli- «i !'t''itiil |-| ml ,11 it (' I'll Tnt^'iiif liMM|i-, il i'1;iif INK V I t It M>IM-> MlH; \ ( i( )i 1 \ • I I it 'I I in ll (I \'l«i,- \|mIm II r^l I'.i^ rxai'tc IIM'Ilt I •• It-r I M' Im'' v||| 1ll [H)iir T'tii' (li<( I' t iM iiMihjiir |i;i^ (Ic n i_'iI.iii('c N'Mi- lie ('i1cr<»n- '|iic dciix tjt^ j m 1 1 J |i;if ii in^ aux- ( j l|c| Ic- ri< Hl^ V clK H|v riail ^< >ii V I.I vj ij-[ laf 11 If ( ri I it I ♦'( ) — ( j n i ma-' jihv [>a r a i t ll. line I ici -( )iif la iitt' ad III! iii-t 1 ,1 1 1 \ c cii 1 1 ic f it^ d- 1,1 C<»|()liic il.ilclilh d( I Ll\tllM't' — line COlIt's- [ M a It l.i iicr 1 1 .1 1 cc d \ - [ I I.I I ,1 I M tin | ^ ,| i \ ,n t Ii t •' N It liiia (^iirltjiir |tinp«* oil \h\-viiiir ft fill (l»trAn»'' ii \.\ suit*' '< (in (liv»-r«r» ^irroTip!nn''»'« politique!. pn(»ilonno nnjniir- ( " Ponr moi, jc cc)^Md^rl' t)|li ir,i<»«M(l .ivt'<- Ir- \in> .1 mil ll K'll-r"* (III li.lv t|i N|i,ii\ ,lr i(iiiH( , I nil 1 1< >i Ll il < I til ^-.1 [a<»\iii"c lllll |Mll.l. .1 ll.lNi l> Irs >|l'< It -•. Iin Ii'lc pi ' pt i|M If I il lit (l.lll- It Ijllt - If- .itl.l Jl fS p. till |t| 1 II V, M \ii iii(t|> (ic Jillli, ( <'lail Ic h(ul\ /•..f'/WT.s.s i|iii ,inn<»n(;ail <|iir l;i ^iliialifwi -ciail InHililfc a |i I |M)int pal I a('lii>li (III lia^ hifl'aii. (|ilc Ics \llics v( •?! Lfei a icii t a jclahlii "^aN-itii. Jc d a i.i \ciitc dc due (|ia' (altc rinini^llt' HA.int r\r in-cii'c ;!\f(« I I lid I • .ill' Ml (lc -.1 -«ii It icrKonlrci a \ddis \l»c|ja i n up't* d-<* p.i--a^c a ll«>Nic a lad .i l,i prcv^t- |,i di'c la i ,il i* in ^iii\antc "iiu R V I, I, WT IN I) r- COM ITI'^ « ( /rsl jmiir ritlis ifiri di' nr jxis irtnr*' // Wrs mtiiiillrs n fitiffiUt's (jur ji- miis (11 iijijult's. d <>ll \\r jiflll nirf FIi'm I I I I H t| I 1^ iJIIC (|r> ('(ilMij) (||>I1^ j t,i I .1 I If l('> >»l(Cli>( lit <|lh (|t- |Mt||||- (i» \lir (illli'lt III I I V ( i| 1 1 II I .( 1 1 I ijiii hiiK i(M> ;itl ^('11 I 'ill (!(>l|s('|l (I I lll|)ll( 1 II 1,1 lllilr (1 I -CI I --^'m Ml r-( 11 FM' ir;jlc (■< 'II -I 1 1 1 1 1 h 'I! I h I lr l'»ii|i'iii- .nlliil-c rt -liic hint III |i-j)r(tr('. M.ii- dijiUi^ « . I ,l(' <"«i|(l IK -Mil tlli.ih Mlrlil lllfrlNrlill d.ill^ I llilrirl ^1 I [h' I h'U I (If I I I I 1 h i I lie. \ I 1 I f ^ Ic . < >ll rif [Mill C( I M If ^If I I I lie I I ,1 I I I •! 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' In I- .If- «' [Mil i|.ili - .11 1 1 II i Ml -I I.I t it III- t t I iiilfiilii lin r-l .ill. |ll-(]ir,l M|iM»- " < In I .111 M I I M - 1 I (• ill I \ L' I h 1 1 II 1 1 1 t * Il 1 1 ',1 \ ( i| I i).\^ ^11 " I'lfildlf It- III! MM - ijlll ,1111,11- lit |M (Mil- .MIX, |i.lS-.l||S " . I I ' s - - 1 1 1 - ill' - 1 I I \ I I I .'i line f 1 I 1 1 11 1 I • I II 1 1 I M I \ I , 1 1 ■ > I . • I t t I ( ■ V " fl Ic- .1111, III lit [III- ,1111-1 I 11 t Lit "Ic [iii'liti I il'iiii iii'i,''fCf " t If- I ' II 1 1 1 1 h I .it I iif Ml... )> I I I n ' •(•<• ( |i .i I l,ii I f ( M|i(i,i I IC' J S. \ \[,\< '1,1 f I'll -I 'I III I III ' 'lllhf 1.1 l.ii hf f \ I rtMllclllf II I (h'lic.llc I<'\f'il' ct (If ft'f"|f| ffllc ('N ( •111! h Ml I .1 1)1 III < l|''il'' .1 III 1)1 t l< Ml (III I'lCi^M III r^l, (Ml clfcl (Ic ((III [m''(MI lie- , hi ,\\\( line (\i'^ L'l.inde-- Iff'MlMCv ;if • fM I I I »| I . - [.,11 f||f- d I • N I - [ M < 'I f . I . i| ,. ( •- ( ( [ H 1-. xr-- |t , I !>.. ( I I 1 1 i 1 I . 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I I If I .1 I I -V, I ■II MKil Uf f (jiif le^ -|C( je- . .nl l"'^'<'*' <'^ d'" '■' »MI .1 IIVI. ft .1 ."^ \. \\,\^ l.ill.iii It- iii()\|c .K I lift If -II I II I .1 i .11 M .1 I 'I'.l I C I I I I Ic C.I I ,t( Itic (MI'MM' dc^ MC(MI^;if !< M I - [it'llccv r.Mlllc f||.'. |\l- MM ^(Mll i|. - [i|ii:_'If- .IC( ( M 11 [ il I -^ -^( M I - l( !»':_' lie (('•("(Mul {\r I Imii|h|(MI Milicllk II ii i.Miflll de I ('^JTC-- K M I I I -I 1(111 dt' \ e|( •[ »[ Hi I icri ( ^e--l (jllcl (jl|.'|(M- el III. MIK Ml I.I I le M Mill l|.ill\c e||t|.l\C 1,1 f.llllc II ( II e-l [».l- ( ( M I I I ilel (M I I* I ll I II I [ H 1 I . I I il e ,111 ' •( HU CMK Ml le III | .1 II K >[)i( Ml. I lie I III I I.I 11 \ e de S \ l«il^ jj If .1 M II K M ll I (M .J iK'lhiiKMil (|iiil e-l ((Mine i| (l.iii\ii\j|il d.iii^ Ic dc^^(|ll d(MI(ld(M -(Ml |),l\- d.ili- !•- \iMe^ (lu [M.»;jle^. II s .1 ,i( I IK I hi I MM 1 1 (II ImiM'jh" el imi l.;^'\|dc d.lM^ If- Uct'ev el If- t.iciljlc^ [iJll^KMir^ |ellIIC- r t II |( •[ M (M I - ( Ik'I-I- [I, mini If- IlllciiX diMK'-, (jlll |K M I I -II I \ ( f ll (If- ellldf- -lljMMIfUle- e| ^ j|||- IkMiI ,1 I.I \ Ic iM I I . i| KMMIlie . (.e^l d.iH- I ,i ( h ' | ) I M I e rc , .11 I 1^1 ( I ci'C, ([lie Ic JH'fiMll l|(MI\. I.I |c- ( ,1(1 lev nni llll -iM(Mll II hi 1 -|HM l^.l l)lc- d.ili- [tell (l.tlilice^. I il iiii^c fii \id«Mir <'(•< Mi( Ml I K I III' de I rMii[iii(' ;i K^J.lliMIK I ll I t It MM I .lilt Mil l< Ml de ^ \ I't.l- I .if i.lM. •' .11 ell ,1 ( (' ^lllcl .i\e( Ic l»efi |il di- C(MI\(M- ^.dlt i\*' {.III ()l|C dc(MM^ >.MI .1 \ (M KMI K I d . di'-« ( . ) I K i ^ ^li M I - > .|lli r.'[i. Ildelit ■\ -,| \i.|(Mlte djIIKMiMM I'' [)lll^ l.l[Md.MM.Md [Hiv^dilc I f \ jal 'I I ,1 t I . M I llldll- iMeJIc de-. IK liev^,'^ ,!,• | | liijMli . 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CI) ve d f \ e | . .| . | •, j 1 1 I , ||v(||i.Mei|t IKMI )).i- d .ih.iltie If i_M iij \ I I iKM I KMit IclmIiimc ;i||l I'll I |i< M .1 I I It . \(i||^ HJiMiiin- olJi'.M- lie (llir «|llt' prmljnl <|IH' < \ n.i^ liilT.il! ^"\ .l|>(»l li| ll.lll iir .1 m »| i !•'';.' i I i li i« • [ i If I f H (i.i 1 1 1 , " iiiif l> iiir ,>i,.i^i('ii . 1 ';i SS4 M 1 \ 111 .1 l '|iil\ |il''\HM'«'S jM- I l|»l«« - ,!•' " ^.Tiis (If .( I \ I I |-,( t H»|| (I (I "< 111 ;_'II I »• (lllhnilh- ji'liiMiitc .iiix I I .< M j 1 II s jit s I , I II I • < 1 1 II I ••» J III - 1 ( I n • II (i 'II t l< i| l«- - II , »ii I - jiMliX iiilllllN llllr;.'i-t|.v jKii I |||-l(,ili \l'\-^liji , lil SrU- . I.ihli .ansi' sr I II I.I ,1.111- ji -- |rlii|i-, 111,11^ .lli(.>m.l iilU I'rst n (■( I I I II 1 ' I I !!• Ill 1,1 - s II l| 1.1 I i I h lil 1 I !;_' I' I M 111 I l< ,1, ~. « III I.I I I I lil 1,1 iInii.i^Iu' (!•' ^.il<>iiM»n ijui -I' Ih'iiiI, i.^iilir !•' < lnt.i, ., >((l|(l<- Miiilit II

  • «M1 <1 ^11 (Irjujl- l< III;.' t«'ll I j»^ Nf I. Ill' il,l|l- \r jl^^M' IJIir ImI'IIi' I ] •III, I I lit I !^ lllrllir l,in|i-. ll il.lit '/ , V 1. ..I ]• alFWv^. f !«■ f. ?--*,: I M-. Nil 1' AM»I- Alii 11 A ( .i.ll\ .1 iM'lll. Ill (1 \.l.ii^ \|m I,,, II r. I |i,i^ rv.M 1,- 1 - '••• i|ii'l.|u. ^.'iU J'.icoi.l .n r, jr- . ih> ,, n ihit in i^r. .in , ■ ' . , • 11 I , h.iv (|i-^iii'n\ lie II n^i'lhl'i I I [ I II il 'I 1 .1 1 H •■ «lf "^.1 |>i''Niii'« I IM'lj I I '■ 1 1-«M LMM' ^ in I I 'I l! (■(' I It I ( III nil I )| h' .1 I rl [ ,1 11 _ , , , ' . . , ' , ' ' ijlll jiill.l, ,1 ll.lNi l> l^>^ '*|rt |(-. nil lolc |)1 r|)( iii'li-l .1 111 il.ili- L'''l !•• I ' '11' I I ill! Ill . ^' 'II -(■! \ Il •• tic (|( •( IJ llhlll .ll i" 'h l,,!!!.'--^ If- ..tT.lll.> l...|lli.|iirs. ). |M>iji '111 (jj'-citt iM' iii.iiMjijf [M^ ll^ IM* (•iNM'>Il- <]ll<' (l<'ii\ (i. - I 111 l»l h mI iofi- ;ui\ i j I h I h - 1 1' 'IJ- \ t I r .| I- , ji t .1 I I r .1 II 11- h I II If ~ I IM I I (I ' I . I.I / / / i >ii mi (If lit •iin- II I'-f I .1 1 1 ^1 Ml- l.t - i L' I I .it II I'r (I I I it I •'< t (| lli Ilhl-'|1J|' [ 1,1 I .1 il iL iJfir |M-r-..|,fM||tr ,nlMllIII-l|.ltl\r ('•inill.-nh' i|r ^ 'I'' «lll*' 'jNr ..||r lhMl\rllr aV^tllt .' 1 . • i II m' | r r . il\rr 1,1 (''It»|||c I I .1 I It'll Mr (Ir I Ll^fllMT lllir ((i||r>- 1 11 ii i( 1,1 ii( '• il.ifrr (I \-iii,ii;t <'M (in [H>ii\iiif lil*"* \ll IIM'I- til' jlllll. < ct-lll I' ihul\ LlffftSS <|lll ,1 II III i||i ,1 I I « I l|r Ll ^1 h l.ll |mm ^iMJ. .ll' i1m|> ,1 Ll Vflllf I I ihl If .1 1 ii *ii iiuiii.iii\ it;ilifii-. M. I'l.K f 1 1 1 i fii , Mini^tif ,.^,(., • iill.ilif fii l.llM«'|iif. '' i]iif j.ii 111 Ic |iLn>ii tif itiif(»iili(i ,1 \iLli- \lifl»,i Ml it<'(> (If p.i-«^;*i^»" (I i.i flL^nrf lU' I I I I > ,)-^. .11, [,, t it fil- .1' Ml IK Ilk. I] lli j H m| nr .i l.i i I a Li i i i r-vr |,i ( 1 ic l.i i .i 1 h • n ^ ii i \ ;i n If ; f r/'l^nn ij i ii h ji m t . jnii" •'ii V ii \ -- 1 1 1 n • t f 1 1 f • 1» ( rciin' .i l.i *-i t (!»• (Iivf'i*(^» f^irronptnr\('r« (xilit upn'i. pnfulonnL' niijniii- « (i'hul In fipiili dana Ic Tigr« doiit Ir pcuple g<^nerfu« t*t '.' F\)nr iiKji. ,](' rcimidi^i''' que la net.' 'iu ji.iiin^^l angl#il! \\v. icpu«e our niJtun r()nii»^iii''iit, // UiHilinU (i(i\n%i{rt (fUf ''WV'"/^ rr'^-^-i^ ^ ■T'm>? ■ ^y\'' T'^/jTT^v-T.Ti'TWTs , "yv~r" /f V ^r" j-^i*:^ !228 BULLETIN DU COMITE o rAngleterre serait obligee de coop^rtr d rHahlir Vex- << l\^gas genuamtphile et a emUver U poiwoir au ctitt dii <( ijouvernefncnt artael. Has 7'a//ari Qi)--. » II iron r(»tait pas inoiiis, aux yeux do S. A. Kas Taffaii, (jue .soitance le meritail. Pour ma pari, j'indiquerai seuleineiit I'opinion dun I^thiopien de haute distinction et fort estiuie de tons ses compafriote^. 11 m''(^crivit ceci : « On s'arrorfle a dire que la levee (rhommes effectu^ (( par S. A. Ras Taffaii d^pass^ de beaucoup en iniportanoc « toutes cplles opert^es par Men^lik II lui-mAme. I/opinion « pen^rale du pays el des Eiiropeens senses est que le a Hegent a fail j>reuve dans celte delicate eampagne de (( (|ualites dV'ner^ie et de prudence hors pair et.en meme (( temps d'un savoir-fain* privdigieux, tellemenl qu'on doit a desormaia le considerer coin me mailre inc^nteste de la <( situation et dominant Taveiur. >• Je pourrais faire avec Tabondante documenta- tion que je detiens un recit tris detaill6 de toutes ces conjoncturei^ historiques. Mais pour bien sou- li^ner le caract^re impartial de cet article, j'em- prunterai la relation du succts de S. A. Rae Taf- fari a la Tribuna (de Rome) du 27 aoAt 192 1. ('/est unc* correspondance datee d'Asmara et signee Erilreo, — le nu^me qui au mois de mai precedent avait appri^cie la {situation dans les fermes que Ton sail. Rri voici les extraits prin- ci{)aux : (( I^s tentatives faitcs pour ri^tablir sur le tr^nc* de la (( niill^naire et conservatrice Ethiopie, le petit-fils de u MtTii'lik, legitime desctiiijiint ('.>.) de la dynastie de Salo- '( rnon, a ^chou^ devant r^nerfj^ie dont le Gouvernement <( (Irnlral a fait preuve pour r^prihier un moiivement qui, (( des vastest territoires (lu Tig^r^, seniblait drvoir s\'teudre << anx pr(>vin(<»s cnvironn-i nles. » J (( ( ( « La fatalite d'ime lenle <^volution a cref^ dans Tesprit abyssin une conscience noiivplle, reponnaissante a toute f(irniule de p^o^ivernement qui ne s'ecartant pas des lois «( tradilionnelirs p«Tmetti' une existence pacifique et rloi- «( ^n^e des ^uerres intestines, s^ans autre efjfet que dc diviser M les populations et nVfteindre au(!ni residtal cofHrot, « au(Mine refornie tangible. <( Le mouvenient en faveur de Lidj Yassou. qui resta liinite au s<'ul Tif^re et qui rencontre dans le Tigrc m^me ( de la r«^sistance de la part de certaines provinces demeu- rees fidiMcs au gouvernemejil central, est une preuve manifeste i\(* ce nouvel (^Ut de choses qui se trouve encore ( mis en evi(jence par rindiff^rence avec laquelle il fut « ac(iicilli dans d'antres regions et Topposition qu'il (( trouve dans le Choa el qui pK>uYail engendrer la guerre. (( Leut-tMre le Chef du Tigr^ chercba-t-il h exploiter habi- lement le prr^texte qu'on lui offrait pour essayer de (( (1) lialif () S. M. /;i..(lif<)ii r< S, K Has Taffiiri a[»part i»'nn<'iif , no!i« I'aToii* /^taMi «l udc iii;iiiiiri irrecusable, ^ lu (lynastit *)e Salo- mon-8«ba. (( retrouver riiinueiKc excrccc \mi' ses predecegseurs dant I « Its affaires dc I'KUit, en se servitnt de la haine s^culaire « qui 8ej>are les populations du Tigre et celles du Choa ? « C'est probable. Les fibres nations voisines de notre colonie, (( qui elle-mOme esl anim<^e d'un esprit belliqueux se 80u- (( venaul des fautes du passt^ pouvaient constituer une (( anne formidable entre les mains du Has. Celui-ci trouvail (( le moment opportun d'appuyer le mouvenient en faveur u de Lidj Yassou dont rav^nenjeiit au trAne pouvail ^ven- <( tuell<'ment retablir et consolider la |)uissance du Tigre (c vis-a-vis de son adversaire le Choa et lui permettre d'at- « teiudre la realisation de ses aspirations seculaires. <( 1^ parente du petit-fils de M^n^lik avec le chef du (( Tif^'re fournissiiit a I'esprit de solidarite jamais dementi (( de r^me abyssine une raison plausible en faveur de I'in- u terveution et rebaussait de |)lus d'^clat Taction du Ras, <( en lui donnant toutes les apparences de s<» l^te inimobilite des troupes, lorsqu'un fait s<' pro- « duisit sur la singularite duquel il est inutile de discuter; c( siins lutte, sans tentiitive de capture, Lidj Yassou venait a d'etre arnHe et livre a I'arm^e du Choa qui se relirait. K II est difficile d'etablir comment tout cela sVst passe : <( le* fails deuHMiiant ««Dt)l«. Feu de choses ^taient faites et les affaires publiques sflcciim ulaient. «< L« 5 aoftt fut constitii^ un nouveau cabinet ainsi corfipos^ : « Dei • y t. K */. • 4 J. (i) Bemard-Grasset, ^diteur, Paris igai. '» Mi ^mm^nmw i^flfTIVW" •\W»."^ ^HR--»-T'. '•y* *~ 1 ^ 'vjr^T^V^^ ',^»*T'i '^^^ 230 BULLETIN DU OOMITB jiiir H sxiv Ir iiirriM' plnri i|ih' Irs (|ii08li()ns pio- < pinnnil ( (tlonialrs »». hillcs ()|)[)o^<»nl « non (les << [)ui.ssjiii( es ciji'ojxVniH^ colonisah'iceiS entre <« rll(»s, iiiHis (Us ndiians ayaut dejii hH^Uii ;\ t' rrinpiisc ciiropocnrH'. >> <« IJIrs nc soni poinl rtos (|iM\sti()ns (^oloiiinlrft, //H/t.s (/^',\ (jurslions rnitiiinales. » \ li) vrrilo \vs (Iciix (>p[)()si!i()iKs ayant Ir carac*- Irir iii(li(pi(^ oi-di*ssns so maiiifesfent (*n Klhio- pic : (i'niK* i)ai'f, livalik^ dos puissancivs iMiro- prcruKvs cntn* dies — snrtout enlro celies (jiii irv(Mil (I'y in»tall(M h'lir h<^g(Wu<>nie; d'autre piiil, resij5lance du f^ouveriieiiK^nt el du peiiple ('lln(>pi(»n a ros fentative^s si redoulahles pour leur lihfc avenii*. Nous avoiiH la ferine resolution de iie pas eeiire uii 8(*ul mot (jui puifise (^tre inteiprete cornfiie Texpn^ssion d'uu sentiment inariu(*al a Tef^ard de TAuglelerre et de I'ltalie. Mais etant eonduit [)ai des eirronslance* (|ue nous n'avons pas provocpieen, a cWoquer objectivenient les dif- ferents aspects du pr()l)l^^H» ^thiopien, il nous est inipoHsihle d'c'^liininer hu( iin des fac^eurs (]ui le conditionnent. Disons d'abord (pie S. A. Has Taffari dirige la politique exl(^rieure d(» son pays avec une coni- pelence precise ct une rare sagacite. IJn prineipe le doFuine — eomrne il avail doniine Men^lik II — la necessite {)our rKthio[)ie de vivre en loyale amitie avec h^s puissances europe(»nne.s instal- lees sur les fronti^res de TKnipire. Nouj^ trou- vons suf c(» point un lenioigruig(^ tr^H net dans rildlic (dt» home) (pii a ecrit a la date du .'^o mai i(|i() (pTon pouvait aftirmer cpie le «< (lOuver- (( nement (^lhiopi(»n actu(d cpii s'e,*^! eleve (Mi << .sappuNant sur rKntenli* ne pouvail etre dMw- '1 vorahle a Tltalie. >> ("es intentions franchement amicales d I Hlhiopie rendent se>^ diiigeants paiticidier nu*nt fiensibles a toutes l(^s manif(v^tations de I Opinion europeenne loucbaid le 6orl de I'Kin- [)ire. (]'e,st pourcpioi I'expose du progrannne co- lonial elabore an l(Mid(unain de I'eidree en guerif* de I'ltalie a provocjue une s\ piofonde Amotion (inns tous les milieux elhiopiens. L'Ajriqae Fran- raisr a public .sur ce Rujet des articles remar- (piables de M. ('.arnillc Fidel (i), mais noiits ne croyons pan inutile de rappeler ici sur quels poinls priFnoidiaux le programme colonial ila- licn devait in(piieter et incpiiMe encore TEthio- pie. La situation i]o Th^mpire Ktliiopien a I'egard de I Ititlic r(vsidtc nctlenient du traife d(» paix de 1^(1^). Far ce document sc trouve deriidtiv(Mnent ;mnul('' le ti.iite (V)n(du a Oulchalli, ]«» > mai i88r), ainsi (|uc {\v s(»s Jinnexe^ — trait(^ (\\iv^ I'ltalie avail intci pi ('!('' (omme institnant une sorte de (i) JniUrl If, I'll ir,|S • I r t nnnrt'M cohmial (it ^lapUn: npfitrmhrc "'■'"'"'' i'i»^ /♦ ffn >}'i, I ft, ,<>}i,n.iil itciuri. j.ai > mt f«''\ r icr i()irofit. D'autre pail, railiele ^ de Tactc du •'(') (k tobic \Ht)i\ pr(''cise (ju(» 1' h lta1i(» reconnait liiHb'pendanci* ab^olue et sans reseive dc I'Mmpire IHfiioiiicn connnc ('lat souvcMain vi independanl ». Voila au point de vuc politique. Nous ajoultMons (pie la convenlinn tripartite du i'^ decembre i ()()(> (|ui lie TAngleterre, ritalie (*t la France reconnait I independanc(» de rKlhio- jjie et la pla( t* *sous la garanti(» des trois puis- sances. Daiis 1(» domaine economicpie, un Iraite de commerce et d'amitie est inttuvenu entre rilalie et I'Ktbiopie. il u ele signe a Addis-Abeba le i>i juillet u)o^) et a et(» ralifi^ [)ar le roi d'llalie le 8 octobre de la meme ani)ee. En ce qui concerne les limites leiritorialea, elles out ete fixei^ par une seri(* d'accordg : du lo juillet i()oo, relatif a la frontiere enlre TEtbiopie et I'Erytbree (et sa not(» annexe du if* mai ic)Ou egalement signee [)ar 1 Angleterre ear elle visait la frontieie entie le Soudan et I'Erylbree), du iH mai j(|o8 pour la delimita- tion du Benadir; du i() mai i()o8 (avec ^on acte additionnel) pour la delinulalion de I'Erylhrde. II s'agit la d'actes di[)lomati(pies reguliers et bilateraux ne pouvani etre modilies (pn* par la ? /o/cncc on en pl(Mn ac(M)rd pai' les deux parties. Or, bien avant raiinistic(^ et plus parliculitS- rement de[)uis Mjiy. nous avons vii se manifes ter dans des milieux ilaliens autoristvs toul(» une serie de levendication.s et de combinaisons qui auraient eii [)our lesidlat dc modifiei profondc ujent Ic slatut existant. Dans la pr(»s.*s(* ilalieimc, on d(\signait TElhiopii* commc le (^ (jnifid fnd lade de VAJrujuc OrierUide >), commc un d Etat barbare primitif » dont la constitution est telle (pie Ton p(^ut loujoui's prt'voii- .son (^croulement (pii serait un < avantage poui" la civilisation et la paix » (i). Et Ton preconisait, pour ce grand malade une me(tication radicale (pii dt^vaif con- sister dans la restauiation du protectorat, com pletee par la cession a I'ltalie dc la ('(Me fian(,*aisc des Somalis, du cbemin de fer franco-etbiopien el du Somaliland. Ecs [>lus niodeitVs .se confen taient de la cession de noire (i(Me (l(».s Somalia et du Somaliland, avec I'annexion d(* Test (Mbio pien; routtsl-etbiopicn rcvcMianl h I'AnglettMrc (*omnu» ar^i^I•c })ays du Soudan (»t la Eranc(* (ilant [)urenicnt el simj)lenuMit excluc Ees un^ ct les autrcs, on se le ra])pellc, fondai(*nt lenrs revendii ations sur I'article i.H do I'accoid sigiu' a E(mdre8 l«» >(> avril iqif) (pii a prec('cl('» renlr(^(» en guerre de I'ltalie. Ec t(v\t(* de cet accord de- ineure j^ecret jus(pra la revolution russe — comportall un engagement de la France et d-* rAngletern* d'accorder a I'ltalie ceitaini^R coin- peuiiations teriitoriales en Afri(pie dans le eas on la France et EAngleteiir annexeraient \v^ var- ies domaine^ (oloniaux (te I'Allemagne. Mais en c\ci[)anf dc Faiticle i3 de I'accoi'd du 'fi Jiviil H)\:) [)our iju^lainer la totalite de la rot(^ Fr;in(,aisc d(»s Sonialis, ainsi (pie la cession (i) !\uriir. \i\ Jnlllct T(pn, DE L'AFRIQUE FRANgAISE 231 Hii rhi'inin dv f<*r franco-ethiopioii l(\s roloriiaux ilalicns altrihuaient k c(»tte stipulation uih* por toe (pi'('ll(» n'avait jamais eue. A auruii iiioin(»nt la France n'avait nionic lais,s(' onlrevoir qirurir paiiMlIc conibinaison pnt etrc nn jonr reali«ee. A»i rontraire, W Goiivernernent fian<,*ais sollicite par Ui (louverneiuont italien s'etait t()iijoui*8 refuse a fornniier aucuiie pro- inesse et prenait la precaution de pr^cLser, avanl la signdlure de Vaccord de Londres la nature* (1(*8 compensations territoriales qu'il lui serait possible d'accorder h I'ltalie en Afrique. M. Tit- loni alors Ministre des Affaires Elrangferes a du reconnaitre que jamais la France n'avait voulu promettn* a son pays la Cot(» des Somalis et le cliemin de fer franco-ethiopien. 4c 41 * ViHii rinl(*lligcnce de cet expose nous croyons d(»voir r(»produire le texte meme de ce passage du discours (le M. Tittoni : . (( J'ni arrive niaiiitonant aux questions roloiiiaies el (( speeiuleiiiejit aux coiiipe.nsations a nous promises par « Tart. i3 c res CA>r}if}ensnti()tis en tout cas stra exclue la (lohfnie « jr(in(;aise de ()b(n'k-I)jih(mU doni le territoire est trap <« jHtit pour ^tre diminne et la situation snr la route de u rindochine et de Mada()ascar trap ituportante pour (ine (• Con consente a une cessinn. (( Dans la suite des ncgociatioris, rainbassiideur d'ltalic fut < liarg^ de demander que la France n'insisi^t pas snr <(' j)arafi^raphe, etant doniie qu'elle maintenait integra- lenient son droit de refuser Djibouti. A qnoi la Frame donrui son assentifnent. «( Mais apr^g Texclusion de noire participation a la repar- tition des (x>lonies allemandes |n*ononcee a la seance de la (k)nferen(e du 7 mai n»i6 et apr^s le refiis de Djil)outi a la fin d 'Avril 191 5 il n eta it pas facile de trouver hi K ( ornpensiition que la France .lurait dO nous donner. » Les coloniau.v itali(Mis ne pouvaient pas davan liifTc s'appuyer sui' laccoid de Londres pour re- v(»ndi(|uer legitiuuMuiMtt tin pn)tecloral sin' I'Em pire ethiopien dont leiir jfouvernement dans un in te solennel avail reconnu u I'lndependance iilxsolue et sans re.serve », I \ou> ne reviendrons [)hs aujourd*hui sur les raisons peremptoire.n qui font (]ur la France ne [Kuivail envisa;cal(^ iiulis pensable snr Iw j^nantJes routes maritimei^ con duisani a ses coloni(*s dT'xtrern(*-()rient, du Pacifiqtie el de TOiean Indien. Des Ilaliens eux uicnics I'onl declare daiLs des ternu^s qui vaient d'etre rcproduits. (lest M, I.uigi Cuffinu qui a (< r< (( (< n (( (( (( ( (( <( (( <( (( (( (< affirme dans son tr^s inlere.ssant ouvra^e ^lelVOceu/io IndUuio : « La situation et I'avenir du port franco ethiopien touchent aux inte rets vilaux dcvs Frai^'ais (1). » Au (iOn^^res colonial de Napl(»s, c'est M. Antonio Aruioni, vice-president de la Society Italiana di Espla riizioni (tecxjrapfiiehe el (^ornnierciali (pii a dit (pie la France « ne votidra pas ced(*r Djibouti qui est pour elle la porte de penetration politi(pit* ' el economique en Abyssinie et dans le Harrar, rejfions riches et fertiles, d'un avenir certain et oil elle a su deja creer d'inqiortanLs inte- rftts, specialenu'ut par le chemin d(* fer, le seul moyen actuel de connnunicalion avec Texte- rieur. En outrt* Djibouti (pii e^t luniqiie es- cale fran^aise 011 Ton puiss(» faire du charbon entre Marseille et Madagascar se tiouve sur la (( route de rExtreme-Orient (2). » II ne pouvait pas Hrr non plus (pieslioii d'abaiuionner a I'ltalie \v chemirr de fer qui [)ar- tant d(» Djibouti atleint depuis 1915 la ea[)itale de TEinpire, parcourant prtXs de 700 kilometres en lerritoire ethio[jien. Je uh' trouvais a Addis- Abe'ba ci\ i\)\\) (fuand y parvint la iiouvclle re- pandue pai* une agence anglaise, (pie les pleni- potentiaires italiens h la (>>nf(h'enc(» de la Paix r(}clamaient officiellement Djibouti. Cette infor- mation libellee ties tendancieusement, laissait (Toire (|uc la Franct* etail dispo«(''e a a(*ceder a cette demande. Je rei^us dans la meme jomiu'c la visite de pliisieurs lumtes [)ersonnalites ethio- piennes qui me traduisirent Icur (Amotion a peu pr(^s dans ces termes : (( Ce n'est pas possible, ni(* (lis;n«'nt-ils, l.i France ne (( peul pas nous al)andonn»T, nous ses iiruis lovaux. (^onunent pourrait-elle (V'dyr son ( ln-ruin Ar fer (pTelle doit a noire confianc e ahsolue eii sii di(»itijrr rl (pie iions ( avons Iaiss4'' penelrer jusqu'au ro-ur hhjim' de noire pa)s ? Jamais n(>tie p<'uple ne \(nidra adnictlrt' cela. )> Mais si Iv seul fait de voir Tltalie cherch(M' a l(^s encerclei' complfetenient — a les << sertir >> si Ton [)eiit diie — du coiii de la mer, devait deja vivement i)reo» Je eiterai aussi ce passage si sugg(\stif dun • artich* dii Doctem \ng(»lo Nicolii . « Hien en- fi) III i<|ii, iilor*; l'r>ir mi \fri'pu' t'\\- vra^f «l<''ja ritr.) ( ') O71 lira 50«r iiitrr«M iiii t-xrllrnl iirtirlr luililii' par M. M.u iii«* L«*kilniieplcrid)re itji(»J. \ ■a \ ' •. .' '•^.v Jj-- %A ^i.-.»^ > u i:i± h Ui.LKTI N I) U COM IT E l( ImIn, IHMI^ fic \(>Ii|mi|s |),i,s |;mr IIIH' ilj|;illr, IIMIS si I \h\ssinir, qiTavcc ////♦' ah.sl i fm( ntii dnjiic diun' nicifh'urc <7///.st /<'.s chIi uiKUij' frdticnis nnus ('(fnli-stcnl , duil jkissc/ stms hi fhtmuml n >n ildlicnnc, iiou^, awr \a possession dc I ) jilxmli , i\i' /('ilii ct (Ic IJcrlx'ia, iic clnnaiul) )ns pas aiilir cliosc <|Ur (Ic fViincF lis poilcs dc nolic iiiai .son! ( I ). '• << Nous lie (l<'\ons pas oubliri , ('ci il a son lom , 1(* /^>/>^/o limnnno (de Home), dii i :> scplcni l)i(' i()'u, (|U(' (•(' fnt unr dcs principalis fautrs (In ^M)iiv('rn(Mii('n( ilalicn <1 avoir laiss('» rchapprr Irs occasions Ics plus favorahlcs |)c)iir rclahlii (I'nnc pari, /'<'/<;/ de chase drfrrniinr par Ic iniiir d'( hifrhdili cl pour ohicnii', d'aulrc pail, la ces- sion (Ic Djibouti (•>). )) Ayant lu ccs cilalions, liti dans les inenn^s tenncs et pi(»\()(pia les nieine> nianifesta(i( >!rs. D'aidre pari, la Noc/c/a \jricnu(i (iltidid ernil Ic T) janxic! it.mt cntre 1*11. ilii' ft |i - j»ii i<>>,i ik t^v limitio (( plies ^(ti(Mit nuMiiii/rs dans N* Imt « (I) \h' iloiiiirr ,\\i\ protiK oN'S (111 () aviil i.S|U <'t dii n r> inai iS<)i Iriir fm'tIIt rflicac it»'; rii ^'■ai aiit is^aiit a I'ltalit- i\<' Ir dcv th »|)j>rin«'nt (rmir aiticfii (( pa< ilitjiir, pnlitiqiir (t < < 'in iid'I « i.i Ir (lall^ rriM|)ii)' *tliin (( pirn ; <' /' I 1 N' doimn a la (olonir d 'l,i \ tlin'r s.i frontirH' natii « ri'llf »«iii I'Mltaia, .\\t'{- la i t't i ( « rssioii df Ka^^ala rt di (< 1 oinat ; " (') 1)(.' f^Mi'anlii" \{*< iA\\\)()\\< !'( ( .ri< »r!ii*>\i <' hintriliiiid ^m'( i«/iaplii(pjc rt » - ( ^m iFiiirj ijr («»inpii> «iitii <( !•■ ha'<«iiii de r()m<(, la ( liaim* \t>l(Mni(pn' dii Ktiii.i rt dii <( Kiliniaiidjaro <'t la Tiirr; (I /' ) I )'.i«5'itnrli» > ft <( I \i'<' r"i >nlf V N « I s Ir Mai i ai . >> he (piehpic niatii«'re (jn'on envisa^^'al ce pro ;j'i.oiinir I .^ I il T'tait difliiile de ne p'A< ^r irndrr c(»niptr (|ijf' >,i rt'alisal i< 'ti ^i«_Miiliait la main ini^c (i^ W'N/uf /'r(U>'>ini. ^( [ttfin lir < <(l''|.ii i'>i*^- (■>) .Ic i.)|H"|l(i«i HI i\\[r d;tii>' nil N'lii ♦Tiii'- ;m mci^ dr iim >• nd It' i()i*^ I, I / I'lnt ' oh'tiuili / Nin iMv* ^"(•\|tnmall ;nii*"i •< <]iir l.t [■ I M h t w |Miit .iilriifttrf .iii'iiiif .iflniifr a \ ir]i{f fni) linrnr ill r \ f<\ \^ I n w . » (3) I II 1 1 .d I' I \i I H 1 1 < ^ 1 1 \ .t . I ,t 1 1 li. • Ml I t <• t< r iiif "- : «• CO I'l otfinijiitif •|iii . -I pf '("iidniif III iii^piic pnr la riiciilHlitc^ iriipr rialistc Hllfrn;«i»(i«'. » |>a> -nlliie a (iiNsi|)ri crlle i in pi cssioii. ('ar, cc inenie alinea \i>ait la unseen \ i<.MH'nr avec « leur M'elle elli(;i( lie - de> pudoeolcs clcs <) avril l8(|l el dii .. niai iN(|'i; rC^l a diK' la h restaiinition », par nil pKx <''d<'' ohlnpie, dii fiinieux Iraile d'Out- challi, lorim'lleinciil ahro/j^e pai le traite de |)ai\ ital(» elliioph'ii de \Si/). Tar ces protocol(*s, rilalie el I Xn^deterre, — inter|)i etani ablisive- inenl Tacte de Heilin — tiacaient, en effet, leur^s fronlieies a tiavcis 1 1^1 lii<>pie, c(Minn(* s'il M* flit a^M dun deserl et s'en par ta^^eaient 1(* protec- toiat : anx llaliens re\enaient toute I'Ktlliopie a\('c le llarrar et le Kaffa; aux An> insercvs dans le pi-emicr alinea de ces vceux i\c d(*vaient Zeila et toute liberie d a*^di sur le Nil. Mais ce <|ui devail rendrc cello reveiidiealion encoic [)lus suspecle aux yeux des Klbiopieiis, c Vsl (pTun ;^rrand souvenir liisloricpie s'y ralla- ( he. ('/est apres la si^^Miatun* de ces prolocoles (|ue \T('Mielik II adi'cssa auv puissances une cir- culaiic dans bnjuelle il r/'tlamait pour son Em- pire N's limites niemes (pTil a.nc(piis(\s plus tare! et (pii cncadFcnl tout le haul plat»'au. Voici la conclusion de ce document << .!<' ii'ai pas riiifcntioii di i< ^tfj Npcctatriii imlifft'i fill << si (Irs |)inssan( cs loint^iiiir^ s, |nrMiitrnt avrc Tidoe do « parta^^n rAfiiipir, I'f t lii( »pir , ayant rt«'' prndant phis (< tie (jiiat(»i/<' si('., I(> unr ilr dt' rlirrtirns .m niilirii de la <( inn i\{'^ j>airns. <• ( <»iniiu' Ir 'lout I'liivv.iiil a pn>t<';j«' rKttiiopio jiisqiTa <( (f jc»nr j'ai la (onliaiMr ipi'il la piotrp-ia rt raj^rainHni " aij ra\rnii Mai>^ jr v|ii> < f rtaiii (pi'jl nr partagrra '• jani.ii<> I I tlii(>pir rii d antit v pni^suKrs. » •^"•'n. en IV'vriei n, i,,, Li Socicla lliilidrui di l\sf}h>r(dinni (imiirdidmlh' rl Cmnfurrcudi emet- tait a >(>n tom Ic xomi siiivaiit • " La f t'iK.iK iatidii p,ir la Krarnt rl r\n^drtrrrr a TarcYUHl < a lioiv (oiKrrnant rKtIiiopir «t la '-iih('n('-irfttieres d'mi cdk^ rfrs /clhi et Ohi^k, de rautre << r,rs l.'Mhara arte la reprise tie hussnla tt euiitx vers le n hir llndnlfihe, (Ir iiiaiiirrr a iinlurr dans la /onr italirimr << tMiit Ir h.iwiii ,1,. .Inha rt (\i' K l-*i ina > mi i . „ ' ••<'<''»'t la convcnlidn tripaililc <'"i i'^ (l<'(('nibie i(|nf) (pn lie I' \ni,det(*rfe el I llalie a la Kiajice dans h- rrspect de la soiive '•"»'<'l<'' <'t de rinte<:iil(' ('lliiopiennes. 1^1 Ton <'>mp'^''"' li'ipre ('inolion pioduite a Addi^ ^l'<*hi« [»'!' I.I declaiMtion di' M. Tittoni (piand. Mirii^lre de- MTuiirv ('d ran«;ef cs d exprima. dan^ un disconiv, le souliail (pie |«'> conversations, ^"i" I ldlii'>[ue. fiissent leprivo ;ivr( hi France el r \ri^d(derrc. ( )[i .se rappelaif an Cin'hi f|i cp,,. ^' Piazza .i\ail riril de < rl a<(()rd ipjil ('dail ''der\eriii eriire dcs irib'rels en irnlssnncr (les inb'iel.s llaliens), des irilerrN (mi drrrtdssdnre Mes int('irl- fiaiicai- el de. inliMeN rieutres (les inlt'r.'ts .,iiM|aiv ; .piij (dait p.ijrenirnl transac- (i) l*iil.ii?« Iri»]>(^rial, DE L'AKUlQUR PllANgAISE "IXl tiouni'l, vvs\ \i (liic hislar'ufni'tncnf tnnnicfituni' el sus('ei)lihli' liHijfKUs delir rtunlijir (, j. >> II ii'csl (M*[>cii(lant [)as (ioulcuix, coinnu* la lirs cxaclrmciit rcrit M. KriKsl l.cnionaii, (jiic la rn nr soil pirviH' (jiic (laiis !(' ras on rimlr^ritr (U* I'Ktfiio pic IK* |)l()iiiaii\ el nationalistes « inais aussi dans la j^^'randt^ |Hess(\ a\ec rapy)ui << de n()nil)ren\ parl(*in(»ntaii<*J5 ct ra[)[jr()balion n des njilicMX oflicicis ('0. > On coi^-oil (pTils nc pnisscnt ctr(* d«* nalure a lassuier i'oinplMc nicni rKthiopie, car, sur iciir Iranic, il scijd)le l)i(Mi (juc s(» piofilc roinl)i<' rin^inc de (jis[)i. \)\\ cole an^^Iais, It^s apprel)«*pisi(3ns de Thllhio jiie on! lou! lieu d'efrt* aussi graves. La menace •(*st, la. plus dinM't(\ el la voit^nle de Itxeciiler ])lus profonde v\ c(»rlaineniciitl niienx arniee. iLes arlicles de la W rsltnirisler if(i:('U(' soul a (ct I'triiid ti(»s s\ fn[jloniali(pies. KVvohiliori dii pm hlcin(* c*y\ptien s(Mnhle d'aillcurs devoir rea^nr sui- la pr>lili(jne dcs c*oloniaii\ an^Hais a re;^rai(l (l(^ rKni|)ire du ^e^'ll^. VA 0(^sI, sans anciin (lonl(\ co{\o reaclion (piannoiicK' el ipie prepare la canipagiK^ de pi'cssc a lacniclle nous assislorr'- el donl la viol(Mice nous a vriiiiineril iinprcs^i(ui lies. La (piestion ethiopicnnc a|y|)arait dorh' lit'c — plus (pie jamais — au soil de LK<;Npte, cw U'rlu (LuiK* rirconslance ^M'o«rm|)||i(|ij,' iiu'hic table : le mailre du regime dr^ eauv d\\ Nil do Jininc infailliblemeiit IK^vptc. II tieni la clef dc <''i \ ic meme. C.elh^ silualion ii d<''l(M'mine lAn •rielerrc a excicer une action (|in* nous avons \u (IT'ia >e de\eloppcr dans le^ fiiincux pi'otocole^ (III (J a\ril iS<|i el du T) mai iH«)'i (pii hii assu rjiicnl ' loulc liberie d'a^nr siii Ic Mi ». Lc 7'///M.s\ diin< un arlicic du niois de ^e^plem lire iN()7 a liaduil la pf (''occupiilion , ([ui, (lepui> h) M. I*lil//.l .1 P|J.ll<'|)M'li I ((111 (If KClll- ('(>ll\ cf ll Mil (|U rllf ;t\itil ttc |M)iir In Kr;nH«' iiii (;iil rnudiinf Ic rail frniii-i\ts jii*(|iiii K.iff.t «''t all Nil. I.ni«li»< f[M» pnr l;iiti(it ^ (l( I ;t C-(»u\ ciif imi (U n.o''. 1» ( ion viTncru«Tit fraij(,nis •* cii^'aj^'c ,i >• di^liriir dc ti>iil(" inlcr ^•<'llti<>n «Mi vv (\\\\ conrcrur \i\ <«tii( c*"*!. iii [m rccdciimnii I ,i( cdrdcc ;ni di'la r;n«'ni«'iit Ic disroiirn dc M. Titloni. rjiini^fn- (!»•*• \ff;nrc^ « UrMni/crc"- . cm m |M>n'«r .mx i(d«rp< Ihilii iii^ -ur l.i (jii(^tiMii d lillih' jiif (iMiir^ ii)(>~). ] r\\ t itcr.'ii irn 1 [|i.i'«>^;)tr<' «' I .« }-r;HMi,i ;iv«\;i lud iS(|'i olttinild l,i roiirr^^i^ iric d(ll;i fci " n»\i;4 d;< 'id>id' .d Silo Hi.niro, «• n" 'i ;uc\,i a\iitn d.i " M#'iH Ilk liii\i(M di |»r(i««c).'M nr l.i ( ( Hi^tiri i7ii 'FM' dcllii fcroNi.i (l.t f( r>irr IVmii.i ,id \dd i* A hrli.'i. Tiillo < io l.i Kr;iiici;i .ivi'tdijtr (Mmi « ^«'r^al(» .'UK lie "-cii/.t I .KToi (l( •; (j\ir'«ln jii»ii Im f,ill«> iilliu ( lie .' lfrrTViiir«> lii Kimfm in .id \d«!i» \l»«|i;i iTliirl" f^ov^rlli Sfnrin J h plt^nidiiin ih-l\i\ fl}ii"j>a ilinoutr tl rcijfi'i >fi \frritH\k Ii p'l^'" .V"iS"). f.>) T'' jniifilrrni- roi'inn} rf J'nlli(it\i r i iril >-( romiii^ir, y,\r C;i- niillc ri(1(d. (•\fri(jur frnnrn ii^i . j.iu vif r I »'a r if T iot.). |>- ^'"^V l'afriqh FRAjrgAim, — '.»'' 5, lors, a louj()m> aninn'' la [»olili(|uc du cal>ifiel (le Londres vis a vis dc TLlhiopie : u Au dc^ssus • de Kbarloum, ecrivail le ^^and journal de la (lilc, la vallee du Nil lorubc l)ien (fans la splu'n d'innucncr de M(''n(''lik . . . .ilns(pra (piel |)oin ' une paicille doininaliiui |h iil (die dt^vcnir cf- <' fecli\(';> (lela (t('*pend du maintien enlre les mains de M(''n('dik du |jouvoir su[>rcrne (pi il " s est assiir('' sur* rAbyssiiiie el des disfiosH mns •< ('(tnufn' (Ir Id raimcite dc mw (uwiiurls cc />(>//- • ntir viendniif ensiiHv it rrlndr, >> ('elle der- iii('r(^ phrase c\[)rinic, en [ernies (I'mie coi'r'cc- lion hvs diplomaJiipie, les idt'^-cs i'e|)riscs aiijour- (rbui el e\pos(''es a>ec lanl de (i(Vsinvollure el de F()u• << I'anar- (•hi(» », la '« barbaric i), cMc ..; donl s(» Irouve ac- cuse le gouv(M'n(Mneiil (Hbiopieu acluel, cVsl (out simplement \v (b'^sir pour (vrlains coloniaux an- ;:lais d(* mcllri* la main — < d'assurer Ic con- lnMc •>, comme ils dis(M»l — sur Loiiesl elliio- pien, sur la sour(*c <'l \r coins du Nil bliMi. Mais ill! ('aii'c. 4 * { I n \a\ (b'ccmbrc \\)^'^, (juelipics moi> a\dul hi ueri'c mondiale, re proj(»t de^ - conliole >> iillail li-eiil ('lie I'cccvoir un coinrnencfMiKMil d'ex(:(Mi- lion. II s'a^/issail alors d'niK^ cxp(''dilion <' en \nc. disail le << Mornin;j PosI •>. dc jnh'r rcliCi' irrij' pnu'rdrs fnnlfdisirrd s (/ui r/Vnncn/ (/' yhys- sniic '.. i]r\\r (^xp(Miitiou dcvait avoir sa bast^ a lanfikia, ville silm'e sur \c Nil blanc. non loin dc Lacbodii (aujourd Imi ko(lo( k •, el c()m|)oi Ici" deux colonnrs, Lmic ()|K''iaiil sa marcbc par b»s cnurs d'cau Sobal ef LilxM (Jans la ()ir(n'lion d Akobo. cl Taulrc [)ai Ic Nil blanc dims la di- n-ilicui i\r M(ui^^illd. Lcs deux colonnes aurai(Md cffeclu('' (Misuile un mouveriicnt couNcrircnl sur lc plabMu d(» Roma. Toujouis d"apf('s Ic MiWhiiKf l*itsi — (pii ('\idemmcnl lenail ccs i nfiu nial ions (1«" la meilleurc source les mesures (pie d(»- \iiicnl pi-cndrc les aiitoi'ib's Jjiilanniqucs elai(Md les sui\anlcs : .. suppression du Iransporl d(*s aiincs a havers lc Somaliland, smvcillancc cffec- li\e d(» Ionics nos fronliTMvs a\ec r\b\ssinie, rlnhlissrfiiCfif dc jK^sfcs (I'ohscrvfilian n rirdcricur dc r \hyssinic pour arrcler les incursions a Icur oiis|cs d'obs(M'vali(Ui n I'ifd ih'icnr dc ^'FJIiin/Hc , cVsl ('^\ i(l(Mnrnenl niordrc > dc Iclle mani(M(' sui' son lerriloir^^ (jiie rocciipaliiwi 'n dcvicnnc (b'llnili\(\ ('/cs| n'Mlisci c,. (|ii,« lailent — cl annonrenf pcul el re — les cor - FvsfiondanN de la West niifisicr ^l(i:cilc rpii n^- prcnncnl v\ conlimicnl si biiri l.i cduipa^rn*^ {\\\ \f(»tnin(i /^>^7. On remai(]U(^id (jiiil s'a^nf foii- JDiirs (|(^ souslrairc a la sou\e[ ainch' ♦'^lliiopiennc les regions voisines du Sc^inbin. (\\i\, par Icur lixibo^r'apbic, sonl susr(>|>tiblcs (rinfbiei sur lo regime dcs caux du Nil, ►- \ 'i X ■-. ■*« t ■* .1 .. . iki *l I m . \ 214 BULLETI>J DU COMITE Mais, (|ut' I Aiigleleric peut-clle reprocher i ( cl i^gdrd au gcKirveifneiweiitl d'A-cklis-Abeb*? (leliii ( i na-l-il pa«4 admis cjue Le» irt'-'ietn speciaii^i ile la irra'rtd(^-Breta||fnas tr^hut cottsenti pour l^ur a;j5Sttrer les /B^arantii^s jsiiflisaffiteis? La ,sitiiabk)ifi offirc* ix;:i beaiwcotitp* die le^^si^mibljancc avrc celle que mous avonts exposee tout a llw^iJie cnucrrnaBtt KhaKe. Des trailife eii^tent, qai, djaiis Uniiy W^ donoainea, on* etabii un statu*.' A (|y(»l> moBDjeiat cmt-iU ih€ tra«DHf^re«»fe par TEthiopi-e? Le8 aceu»a»t)iDni^ si vfeteftik^is, fofnaciitees d'lrne m;fc- ni^re tr^« gp^fniralie, ii es-t vrai, par ba Wps/mfnxAcr (](nzeHe ont omis de 1^ preeiise-r. Kii ce qui concerns K* regime^ des c^aux du Ml, h* traits anglo-^thiopien du i5 mai f<)o> est on ne peut pfus coinpl'et ol precis. On a pu dire (|jue los dtsposifious rerativement conciPiantrs, doiit avait fait preirve le Cabinet de T.ondtes, n'(Hai on voit netternent appidM'aUrc TLdee directrite, la preoccupation doniinaiite des negociateuirs iin- ghaie^. IT est. visible* (ju lis ont vouhi *'asi^urer par \iw aM^e (*ngagi*ant foruH^Tement raveruK, le con- (^ours d(\s Etbiopienn pour les dieax graiidtes ueu- we^ consid^rees coniuie incBfipGnsables a la pros pj^rite de TEgypte et de lininiense Soudan niln- tiijue. Deux clauses jjpQciales arrordent, en efTet, au\ \nglais : i" La rttg4iJari.^itioiij di^s ernes dit Nil* liKMi ; »*' lie dfctdHto de pUH^ajre, sur \^ ttepritv^^in* t*lhi<»- pien, d\\ grand cberrti-n iW fer imp^nwl A\y Cap ati Cuire. Larfcixde 3* due traiitii'* speciHe i^Taueun travail a t^a-Meit^ ha Nil) INt^ui, k hie Ts«n« et 1^ Sobat, (le nnlninQ ;V arr reeon-nait a ei\M inem<>s ginuer uenierds le circuit de ( nustruire imp lig^ne d\* cHe- niin de fer h travels ll> tfeiiritt>i»»e et'hin[)ien p^ui r(»liei le St^iidaii a I'Ongttndu Tout le tVai4»<» est dt>nc^ iinpn^gn^ de aetTe v*>Innle de plnrer v\\\ye (Jes MiHins ang]ais4>s e(»s grands trnvaux pnhlirs f(ni seront- ev<^cuti^ en plei^i^ Kthiopie an pn^fil evchisifi (h?s iTit!<^r(^tK d^ rFm|>ii<> B^itantiique (* ri eoninient^deur fi^ du ((> tna4^i5 d^ vv> maf i<^r»'» a' ('crit qii'i^ r ohHtitiiail' en f^aW* uiie <> ifthnvn^i inn f } i\s tfrnvr if n rut puiHs^trnjit tlrf^u^j^Vi* //nfrv r.w'f*//- 1 ^/\ (i; M, A. II. I>>p, AfriqiK^ jrant^aigr. jhii\ifr iqo.S 6'cr(;(Vs (HI cnnlnMc de cellr [juis.sanre. en ce qui couiTirne L** servke i el de<^ vnies fetrees •>. Kk a'vec une reni-arquable i lair\(»yance, ii ajou- tait : « Ce^ eonce^sioiis coiisenties par It N^us, sent pieines de proiuesses pour le developpcment de. I'influence brilannique dans I'Afrique du Nord-t:st. II est prnnis de se deniander si lesj chefs ^thiopiens out bien pc^se loutes les conse- quences qui peuvent deeoiiier de ces clauses tr^s rmportantes? > ^ ffi^^s! Texpi^iience (pie ces rliefs ethiopien^ font, chaqu^ jour, des proe(^d^s de ladminrstra- tion anglaise dans Fenclave de riambetla — elle anssi, une creation du traite de nyri — montre que <'eite^ prevision nVtail* pas tellenient pea??i- miste. L'Ang-leterre na pas d'ailleurs cele sa satisfac tion dSe l*a signature (\v eel instrntnent rfiplotna- tiipie. Le Times ecrivait h son sujet, d^s ipoS : ♦ « Li Iriiitr lii^>ui4> ailui ill i sire an Soudan coajoiuh'iiirnt; avec « IT.jfji^ple. 11 iiiriiU; d'rln* fnvoi ahlriM«»nl acciieilli eii <( Aiigli'tt'in'.., )) All reste, le traite die \\p'* qui n'avait a**wre j.us<|ti'i( i (]^i'iipje <« saiuvegarde •», sen«b4e dftvoir piTovocfuer de la part de I' Afigleterne nne action q;ui entre lii^rin tenant dans sa prenii^re phane. La li()UFS4 Eg^plhenHA* (du (laire) aaiiK)nvait en effefc, \v '*\) aoiVt nj'.u, le retour dans cette vilfce de M. '>, nows ferait croire (\K\e les K^sijJUits d^s etudes de \f. (irahnm n'auiaient pas et(' counmini(pifs. au (joiiver n(»ment «'tliiopicn. (|u its inten^saient cepeiidani au premier chef; car ce- journal annonce (pie le fionYernenient d^^('!l^^^»iK- Vbeba \v i^\'\\ parvenir mv a representant briljanni(|ue dWs n^rnonf ranees uu ^ujef des pro> jetH du: giowveruieraent bri4:anni. Si rel*lt^ (ftfRenlte s'est pr(xtuife, il. f^aut avouer (]iw ce n'e^ vi'aimenl pas^ la fiimie de PEt)hiopie >i on inancpie, ;V cr poii^iti. (fegjudl^ envers el?V*. Vjiis (T(jyon8 saaoir, d 'autre pa«»t. qu^ ces pro N.H f. I J >«ni>» lrrnri« r>MriHnjiiii|Hi)cnt a nc (».♦- (.Mi-friii?t' III j.rrriirttir •!♦« ril Bleu, \e lac I -nil -II U <'.lu(l. rl .iij^rn^e qnclrniuiur pDiivHiil j^ner In nia|T:h« ^ l« •;<»n>»'fi|('iii(.|if f'xpr»-«' (ill u'">i^ 'TrK'nirnt pthi pntrtfi n»i»flr»' tn»^iiir <\v^ rtilrlri*. llopiPTl \ #- _. 44 ^'*^ . t • y . ' ' .f bfciLAFtllQUft f'llANgAtftK 235 (kiiiaiKies de ccJUi^etthiont* faites par une o)m|>H- suscep4iblo6 de VHte. , • * « * . -r Mais si ia c/mipIicaU«(Hi qui pai-iiil avcur t^uipi 1 _ . " MoiyaJc ii4^taiuiiieii4. lAaiifc lii A6/or(i \iUolixjia du i6 juilie4 ij^'io, ou pejul liie quclque^ observaUoii* lieii /vJiliaiiieii f4>jYr|uiee8 au wuj^t de la question du lac T^aua. Si>« ai4tewj , M. Lu^i Ferrari*, re ualp q«i, daj3iH*s hii, con^^jtue yiiuderland ^ry- lhi-(Vaj. ]J ajoiila' quo la f^idu liic Tswia. Qe lac, <( la iinortprofonde - de^ ^kw^ins eft en •rffial «itu^ ft j-^8o Jii&tre^ d alliluflt et a une sw ^IlifriidLt^ d'en^uroii 3. Sot) Ihuctare^ CieA uti de^ (erairdf^ lai^deilaargioii lixjfpiciilr. ll^ewt hu centre r^ ' v'\ *»" c - < ■J^i ; ,,:»: ratiou ile la r^'etilp modifimUoii 'UiPfUorirtJr' intorv^Minr n\irv -1 /v • \ ft >' •1 , _ -J :\ ( i. _■ < V • . y 'I'M) BULLETIN DU COMITE (I niir tlrpros^iDii volcaiiKjiu' doiil la partic (''iiici- •^n»iit(' |)(Mjt rlrc evaluee a i ,:>(k).o()() hectar(*s (l(^ tciraiii plal r\ fertile, aussi l)i(Mi [)ar* sa iiatuK* iiir^iiic, (juc par la faeilile avce laqiiclle on pent riirifj-iier. II serait aise, evidciimuMit eoiniiie poui loiitc la zone - loniaux, doit assurt^i autant cpie [)t>ssil)l(\ la production (lirt plus <'arucl('i isti^pie encore. Sous le litre un pen << [lejoratif >> de : Im (j)/<- (juete nn(jlaisf' dr rh^thiopir, le lUtfXihi HoDinuo du 1 1> ^ept(»nil)re H)>i, a[)ies avoii' indicpie (pic, I action du HovaiJine-l ni en Kthio[)i(» etait acMuel- lenient doiniiiee pai la uhTiace cpii pese sur sn situation en Kt;^pt(^ eciil : I' II (\st iiatinfl, l\ riirmc i)rt''st'iit(', cjiir r\ngl<'t«i ft " M' stTvc (Ir toii^ Ips ('Irnu'rils i\(' fait ot ticriiH' m('Ma<«*(\ Nous sivoiis 1)1(11 ( «' que p(nit (li'vrnii ranord tiipartil«* ab\>>iii < iilir lis mains tl'un fw*)*^ <U' ^Taviti'. (( Ainsi, ractivit*' aii^'-l<)-<<')ii(laii<'ji^c, si susct^pliltlr de inrnaf^er a PlUilir des siirpni^es di'saijn'ubles r[ (pii, |),ir r(l«i moinc, mtritr qur noii"^ \ prcriioiis s<''riru<«'iiiriil ^inir, ropoiul rcpeiulant, — il faut le roconnailrr — aiix 'xigcrurji fniidaiiirntah'v dr la politiqiK' brilannitph'. n II sera Ires curieux (l()l)>erv(M' les |)eiipetie-^ de l dii (hcrniii de fer du (lap iUi (.aire, la situation. ^I;iti<)nnaii(* depuis la si<:iiii- ture du traile du i,') inar^ l^ p'Oait. elle au^^i. df^voir' se modifier pK m jiaintiinent., II n est pas dout(Mix (|ue ce ch(*niin de fei srra Ic prtMuiei ac lieve d<\s tiansafrirains. Du Ca[), il atteint deja le llaut-Coni,n); du Caire, il penetre deja jusqu'au Ifaut-Nil. Seul le tron(;nn Est-Afii- cain rc'i^to a construire c^t rest dans re trnnron (pie se trouve (•oin[)iise la lipne ft^Tt'c dont le ])as sa^e (*n territoire (Mhio[)ien a <'te pievu par le ( i; La coiuentxn tripartitt> dr ij^<>6. Iraite liii iT) mars i(joi>. la ce.v>ion du Rouanda et de rOuKMindi a la Belffique deviera t>ans doute \ers lesl le plan d(* coii.sli uction primitif et mo- diliera sans doute ('jL^aieintMit le trac(* prevu en territoire elliiopien. Ce tiar('* nest d'ailletirs pas arrete. L(» rebord occidenlifll du plateau etliiopi(Mi, erdi(» le Nil Bleu et le lac Hodolpbe, est trop pen connu pour epic la voie ferree puisse ('»lrc e'baucbec. Ln lait, des a present acquis, e'est (jii'il semble inutile de (en- ter la cotistiuction du chemin de fei* en aniont de Kbartouin, b^ lon^^ du iiia^nifi(pie cbenal navi- gable coiistitue par le Nil Blan<-. Dans toule cetto parli(» d-e la plaine nilotique, le sous-sol est telle- inent marecaj^eux cpie les frais de construclioii de rinfrastructurc ne repondraient (Wi rien an r(ndenie"nt du tran.sit (prii est piMinis d'esperer. II est ilonc lies probable^ que le »,''rand traiisafri- cain aiij^lais remontera la vailee du Nil lileu jus- qu'auv environs de R(jseir(\s, puis suivra ver^s le Sud, vers rOuf^anda, la lisicre onesi des plateaux: elbiopiiMts au pied de la l)rus(|ue a^ciMision des montafj[nes. Mais aussi bien pour It rc*:inic des eau\ du Nil i\\ic pour le cbemin d(^ fer du di[) au (^.aire, le Iraite du i5 mai iqo> a pitnu (|ue des ac(H)rds deviaiemt intcrvcMiir enlrc le s (lonmmnes, le .'S feviiei' dernier, M. i.loxd (icor'M' s'(\st asse/: ion^oieiiierd ariete sui ic point pour indicpier (]ue les inl('Mrts brilani i i (pies dans (ctlc le^ion ('taieiit ( <»nsiderables — rr rpii fait pre\oir (|ne des restrictions inqxHt antes irdei \ iendroiit , a I ('^^utl de's droits de kK^'-yple. dependant le problt^nii' e^^yptieii a deja asse/ cNohn'' pour (|ue rAuf^lelci re ne tard(* pas'a preii drt^ - hrutalement an be.^oin - l(**^ ^^'-aranties (jni lui piiiaFtront l(»s y)lus de("isiN(s. KUc ne voudra pas laisser a IFJliiopie el a I F.^^) pte le temps d'<'n- vii5aj?<'i nnc ent(Mite siii les points (pii la preoc- (^Ji[)eiil- Kt c'(^st san< doute, nous I'avous dit, rexpliiation de rb(vslilit(* doni font preiive cer tains nr^^'ant^ de la presse an^^'laise h 1 ej^-ai'd du ( iou\ crnerneid l^tbi( »|)ien. (V('<1 nn journal italien, le P^^paln Hnmriftn f »\ (|ui a rcril ecs \eril('s <>nr le coiitrolr i\v (( TF^'^ptf. il coiistitiir uiin <(n\r d<' fonnidahlr rorlirr (pii ( doirnnr la vall«*c du Nil nt qui rrigKdx' (pirlfpio-iins r> pli«'inu", ( licrrlir « h ^v jf ndro niailrr dt Id clef rn^mc dr lout !c svsti^mc (' lndr:i idirpip du y>ay»i le- jihis fertilr dn luondc, rn sc , /^ Oj In (if'flnrnt K.I) ipii nwi fin ;\}\ prntfctnrnt britanniqiir rt pnxd.'u^M I'l.g'Nptr Ktnt Sdn^iraiii tt luiirpinid.'tnt (rn fait .toti.^ U coniruli a^'s'o/^ dr l\nghlerrfj. (a) Hii 1/ Kf'jafndtrf irj^i. DE L'AFRIQUE FRANQAISE 237 (( (( «< (t « serv-diit ilu Soutlun coiiiinc liasc pour ^teiitln* 8u pi()[)it' c( sphhe (rinfluencf sin li» ^nati^^if ul)y»siii. On Citmf^rend c( que /<• junr oil cette injUtcnit' sera prepondcraniv et iieci- « A'trr, In Grande-Brt'tagne fjuurrail se riit:: de Umie lu'lh'ii^ t< iUjyptiennc d^ajfrancidssernvni cl lu^uit! tit* Itmk- aspi- t( ration hypolli^tiqiie dcs peuples mtciitt rraiit* . ^ . Mais (pie rcveneniehl ne nous 5ui|)reniie pas. Nous savons depuis bien des annees (pie I'inipc lialisine anglais scnible vouloir <( sY'taler sur ton tc I'Afrique, du Cap au Caire el du Nig(M' au Nil '> (i). Au\ Kthiopiens et a nous de suivre en plein ('^veil le d(n(»lo[)peinent des conjoneture^ qu'une pareille ai!)l)ition ne nian(piera {)as d(* d(' Icrininei . l)(\s les preruiiM'es ligiH^ de ct'l ai'liele, j'ai d('' fini l(^ earact(»re Iradilionnel d(* la politique* fiiin (^nist* (Ml Kthiopie. C(*tle politi(pie r<*st(* inupua blenieril attaeln^e au prineipe (juVlle a su del'en dre el faire pnHaloir : l'inde[)end(ince s(U}s re serve et i'nileijrite ahsidue de VKnipire Elhiopieu. \/A France est d'aulant plus lesolue h perse^v(^rer dans rette ligiu* dc ronduite que le fiouverneuK^nt d'Addis-Abeba, par son action interieurc, coninu^ par sa politi(|ue etranfjr^re, s'est montri* parfaite- nicnt ronscienl de s(-s devoirs et n^spertueuv de ii(\^ engagements. Au reste, pour t(Mis reux lus de prosp(^rit('\ p||(> pent avoir (l) [ritrr (Ji "V^'illiitni Mnr (\^v^^^T, ^oin*Tiint liss(''c ('litre les deux pays, trouvera, sans d()ul(\ an t (jurs dc cctie delicate (''volution, plu- sieuis occasions dc s'aflinner avec eclat. Fidele a la discipline d'impartialite que je me suis efforc(^ d'ob^erver au cours dc cet expose — d'ou j'ai enlcndu bannii' tout t^^lcnicnt de pole- mique — je tcrininerai par- unc citation. EUe exprinu* dans la forme la plus ('hnee el la plus sincere. toul(*s les raisons d'ordr(* moral et poli- tique* (pii font (pic la Frani-e croit profondement a TavtMiir libre e{ (econd du {)euple t^thiopien : <( I)(*s annales vieilles de vingl siecle^, une re- ligion cliK^tienne, unc organisation sociale hie- rarchisee, fcuidee* sur la t-iadition et adaptee a r<^tat moral et [)oliti<|ue du pays connne a sa topographie et a son <*li!nat, ont fail de la race ( ethio[)iennc une personnalitc hislorique et de rEthio|)ir, line nation. II ne lui a manque que de n'clrc {)as si'^paree du uK^nde exlerieur, et, comme a la Hussie d'avanl Pierre le Grand, que d'avoii' une fent^tre sur I'Europe, pour de- venir en Afriquc v\n foyer rayonnant de civili- sati(^n iA (^omme un noyau de C(jagulation. Les Ethiopiens sont, en tout cas, dans tout le con- tinent noir, le seul peuple indigene qui soil a la fois organiquement <()nstilu(\ independant et Chretien. L'Ethiopi(> \\\^\ pas, quoique le pharisaisme int(M'ess(' dv certains Europ6ens tenlc dr le faire accroire, nn ramas de peu- plades bail)ar(\s (pii ne sauraienl nuircher d'el- les-nu'^nu's vers une civilisation nn^ins arri^r^e: elle est, iiu conliaire, un(* nalion autochtone, anci(Min(*menl policiN', (pii s'etait endormie dans risoltMnenl, niais (|ui porle dans son corps robusle assiz d ('iieigie vitale pour puiser en elle-m('nie. au contact relrouv('' dt* la culture oc(Mdenlale. les (''](Mnenls d'une renovation et dun pr(>gr(^'s rapides: t^lle possede toutes les for. > (< (( (( (( c (( (< (( (! t< (( (( (( (> (" (< I (( (( ( ( I ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (' ( < Ces lign(*s (^elites, il > a plus de \ingt ann(^(*s, atl(\^tent la perennite des seiitiinenls d'amitie in d(''fe( tibl(* (pie la France a toujours professes l\ regard de TEthiopie. .le n<* [xiuvais donner une conclusion plus typi(pie a un artic^le d(* mise au [)()inl qui \e\\[ rin^ aussi un acte de foi dans les dt;^stifR»es futures de rFrn[)ire Fthio|)ien Indepen dfuit ef Sourerain. Tar i^. le •>') mar^ i iyr'K PiKRnE'ArYPE. Ancien Citnufiissaire de la Republique, Menihre du Conse'd Superienr des Cidotiies. r r 4 I (i) Rone Pinnn. La H/Murreriion d*un Flat ifrirain (Hrvue drt Deux Mandes, jvnl looi). -^-^ ,' *- ^. -■*»■ *• '"-- -' ■ ^'-''•^ •'-.- /• .. .. .• 1 ^ -^ ^s -4- ^/■fk-r-.. ^•v^*t'" T.'-) < .\ ■:^ 2:W BULLETIN I>V COMITE HALTE-LA ! pa^ mi STBIOPIEN II u ijKkrii^ (laii« la Weatrmnster tiazHiey Ir i8, I'RPhiopir, qjai n'ont pu qii'^motioniier inbtih'- m^riit li*s lecteurs de ce jon rrraB, n»aii0 qui on I procfcirt r«f fear pha» (fepfc)rarbfe rmpveseion. Lau^eat ay8 qjif'^rF arcww^, et » <( rf a fait usage d'infor- nifitioas rrriMeillirs de prerniire nvain » (r), noiij^. u\4i U (6\iuik)i»A p«tH dru cfaoix hpiY^ri'Ae, ^ de ees hocnnMis^ a )'e«prkt ptf«Ai^« la criiiiqtre. ' tt Aotui a: dforwr pajriii necMASuire ck reixfeellfe le» clM38es mm p^iibl; c»ir »i? ctirkaiiiQ^ tm\s qti'^on ap- f»iit nmie cerla'tii^ ^tioMke^ une asM9 protfocide ecvn- H«umeMicc d'ttii paf>f(« eoamke le ndlFe, piHiV jpou- voir ae ptomoaieep a^^c eqiiiAe stuur c^rtaiw prcv bii^e» tf^ ct)i»pfexe» qpui k eDcicennfiil. En k)uit ca» iL i^iMkiail toujfO«fs s^^oir au moiiks, iie paR# atcvtteT l<\4 iinfe^roliorm. ie pf^Dcb cccuaailie AKiift pite^s; jp L'ai ttraiT^r^e darns kms fei» sena^ j'^n p«ff(f les Eaii^(ieorant de 9e» morurs el 4tt 9C8 exDiiflonnrH, jr h^^ ptttt-^tre mieum cfiie (l*».utrf!»» »«8 mis^ret* ^t sea gloire^; mais si je ^jf^vm eiicoro mot cevlaine^s rbow^ legielteUe^, ]«^ nrotiv di" nioffi ckrvmr de ke d^fesdre p«iis4|ii'on rat*tia«|i>^ el de ptojeter stuw dM faits IraTfstis k^s fr5rncrh<>» liicriftrc» de la ▼rrrfc^. Voiei, eii ri^m^, Fes lrf)*» aecicMitionis port^-i ooflwlre iioim : :i) ]fiPi'p€>^*<*ibiKPe de t^if^ ^ coromerre en Tolre decade Fire; ^ 3) Ltt honte de Ie»clavage. Kludioiis > II a raMOR; pI (*n erf, hii-m^me, line prn/vf" rofivainranle. II a}oiile qul'il est dangereujt fHmr Irn grns^ dn dedans de fa dire Nmts allr^R'^ hii frrotirer le rr)ntr»ire. f LK COMMFFtCK II rviste arliiell<>nM'ii[, paiiiii les comnter^arits de lu CiipifBle ct de riiiteri^iu, nn veritable nia- ia8.ine. G'e^l un faiJ. De ^naudes maiaonsliqiii- deFit, d'auLre» ht^itont, (raulrei^, ei^fin, plus sage^s pn'fereiil << lenir » el atlendre d(^ jours meilleurs. lis ont raison. Que faiil-il concliire? — — i^i— — »^— *— — — ^— — ^ii— ■ ■ ■ I — ■— — ' ' (i) \a^ nnn|«i ^(inlijrn^s *<>nt li npr*Ml»irtion roTfiioKp fV r>irfi<'l«' I Que ies coaditi/)ns du commerce en Ethiopi^ 1 soM ULcertaines:'^ Mjdk cct etat iS^ chosen e^it : I apanage de BMiAie sen! pays? IVe vecevous ooua pa», i«i, Ies rele»lisaarrts eetios ite certaiaes biru- queroutee en Europe? te commerce, li-bas, est- il done dans nne situalimi llorissanle? rl Ies ^ w 'cvf^dUiffM-is (Jfui k'ft^umerce »• v stmt di)ne si t^er- laines? Je n'iivU^iie p*us. ' " ''\ Si Ies « peaiix », par e^iempte, ont perdu de Wur valeuff ^nv le marcbe europ6ett, esl-ce noire faute a nous? Et si Ton constate ici que le co»u- j»erce »e va pluft>, u'y aurait-il done \)m moyen , de se d^barrasser d aiueiennes ra^thodt»s sur Ies- ^eltes OB vewt encode *"hypnji>iwer, et a eu trouver d'aulre«>? Serail-U dooc impoie^ible, par exeiwpU, d'imr planter icr quetqiies tndustrtet^, po4ir \e plus fraud * bien de tous, au liru de .s'occuper prea^ue exehtsivement de queU|ues rdtea^ empi^rlaliooft? : £ai tout cas, le fiaarasme aetuel i^s^ un fait. La cause^ pcuirtant, en Aoii Hrt cherchee, nioir» dans I'^at aciuel de I'Elbiofjde que dans le centre- . coiip^ Fn^vitabte de ce qui se passe en Europe. 81 fce cbaitge, ici ai»si, a ses Tarialioas, est-ce nsoire faute? 81 Ies ihalers diminue^nl d'une favoin niyst^- rieuse, je pourrais dire ka porte [>ar laquelle ils sortent, Ies ^ens auxquels eela profile, et par consequent la direction qu'ils pn*nnent. L*auteur de I'ariicle a vu, dit-il, « de vasles con- " tr^es Cfii'on ne cultiue pas. » Aduietlons-lel Mais . a-l-il Yu Ies autres v^^es cc^ntrees ()ue Ton cultive? Ces r^ions si prosp^res ou Ton fait jusqu'i deux ' et trois r^eoltes par an? Est-ee qi^e ki\s c^r^les naanquent sur Ies marches? Est-ee que la vie est chire a la eapitale et surtcmt a I Lnl^rieur ou le voyag'eur trouve 3 et f\ [)onles \)i)\iv fm eentinnes, ,So opufs pour le nirinc priv v\ un niouton pour un thaler? On ne peut juger dun pa\s u plu$ grand que la France et lillemagne reunies )>, en en viiiitant plus ou nioins vile, un petit (M>in, en passant. Et si Top a Hi choque. de voir que certaii\es eontr^s ne sont plus eultivees, on pourrait peut- t^tre se deni^nder si lenrs habitants, sou vent no mades, ifie sont pas alles en cultiver d'autres, !*i une guerre intestine n'a pas passe par la, <>u encore si la grippe el k* typhus n\ ont pas fait, en ces derni^res annecs, de ees terribles heea- tonibes nil disparaissaieut des villages (>nfi(w*s? ' l/auteur ferait bien de doniuM* k* ihmu kie eette H Province dtml Ions le& habUanL% ^^nt nutrl.s on en en esckivage dans la Capitale •>; de celtr Pro- vince o ^ui nest plus ifuc le domaine des chacah et des hyhies. •... Four nous, nous ne la eon- naissons pas et nous Uii s^rUuis rfe4>nnaisHant!^ puisqu'il a m des inforinciions de premiere tnain », de noiks la signaWr. . < -^J .^. .>^ ". . \ 4 'V '\ » I Ik-^ V ♦ 2" DI^XJADENCE I Ce n'est pas tout : u L'it'uvre de Heneliekr^^^r — dit-on. s'cst errnuh'r (ivec une rnpidite presqne in- _L^^'_ V ^1*- * J t * i r. .'•^ >-' » .. u\ , < '-"v. ^■. r ^« ' * V A .>v 4 » yi. v t^-: ■«> V.' ?.'. ■X /■■i. DE L'AFRIQUB FRAN^AISE ./ ■■'■■ •a''.. v'". ' ■ ; :'■■• ^ •■ croyaMe, ei VAhysunie est retomb^e d^ns un ^flal qiuiouche d. te bnrbane,,., Sou^ te gou'oememtnt de Taffari, U pays tout enti^r es^ de^^au la proie de hi devadi^ce et de U. corruplUm. >» . Baiiiaq<\ (l^c«i^efKM\ C4»rniptH>ii. Voila hoi^ mots tneii fmis. Mnlgi^ la peiiH* q^'ils itons vuyi sent, essay on8 de rester caimes et de pmuv^r ii I'autetii* quil est Mi trop Imu. Et d'abiord, ^lons bien clmiieaient Itis preuv.es qu'il doiie. , '^ ^ "^ ^ ■ 1^) « Corraptiogi el vin/$lUf »> sur totite la ligoe, def)ui8 te Prinoe R^igeat, ju^u'au chef de village. "' ' " !?**) Nullity des passeports signes par le Regent, (( d plus de 1 6 kilomiires de la CapUale ». 3^) Les geiu propo^i^ aux Douanes int^rieures sont des « voleurs de grand chemin ». • :^v ^ 4"*) La justice 6ihi^>pienn€ est « moyend- gease dans ses mithod^s et barbare dans ses chd- tirnenis )). ' " - .^,5*) Uorganisation de la police foarnit anx niembres de cellt-ci louie fojcilitj^ ponr le vol, h chantage el le brigaiuiage. " '^ . 6"*) Aaciin Abyssin, depuis le Rdgent jusqaau plus humble esclave, ne $e prite aux regies les plus eUmentaires de VhygUne. » ^' ' '^ / . 7**) i( L'Hdpital est en mines, VEcofe a prali- quement cessi de fonctionner. » '" - 8*) <( Dens la Capitale mime les habitants ne jouissenl d*aucune s^curiily de sorle que les Lega- tions mimes ont dA itre bdties a la fat^on de jurteresses. » -. - -. ■ . • -^ -. . Avant d examiner en detail ces huit chefs d'ac- cusation arr^lons-nous ^u mot de « d^cadl^yce », car il sembte r^umer toule la pens^ dt i'auleiir. Un pays qui subit un malaise passager (et j'en signalerai les causes), n est pas pour cela en deca- dence; je dirai plus, rEthiopie est en pleinr p^iode dVrofuiion, r La main forte de - M^m^iick avail re^ussi <\ doriipter lea Yni|UipLe« diff^rentea populations qui forment le royaume actuel et k leg ri^unir en un faisceau puissant. II lit Tunit^ de rRmpire et rendit une sdve nouvelle ii toua ces inembres autrefois disperses. Mais suivant la loi commune qu*onl subie tous les grands conqu^rants, il l^gua a ses succe^seurs une oeuvre ingrate. Qu'on se rappeiU; Aleiiandre, C^ar, Clovis, Napoleon; est- ce que T^iOce grandiose quails avaient ^lev^ a ftu garder ses gigantesques formes? E>e plus, il ne s'agit pas ici d'un pays uniment ethnique. ^ ' * . A ^M^, en effet, de TAnihara d^j4 impn^gntf de civilisation, du Godjamita calme et docile, vous avez les Tigr^ens fiers et turbulents, TAx^jbo rest^ farouche, TAdaU cruel, le Dankali f^roce, le Soudanais, le Ghankella, le Yambo, la Dinka, le Gouragui^, le Galla, le Beni G^ankouL etc... Commentd'un amalgame si disparate faire en un jour un tout homogftne.»^ •-« L*Empir ^thiopien, tel qu*il est reconttitu^ aujourd'hui, n*a, somme toute, que vingt ans d'existence, puisque les derni^res expeditions de .2:i9 M^^Hick ne remontent qu a kjoo et que les der nitres d^imitalions ; 14 encore il faut pr«6ci«r et pai4er franc. A la mort de M^n^lick, Yassou lui sucoMav Que fit-il^ s^amuaer, cruettement paiYoia, et, fina- leinent, vendre son pays aux Allemanda et aux Turcs. Ce fut alors que rEtfaiofiie toute entii^re, ce noble et fier pays qui reste au flanc die T Afiique, com me un phare Chretien an milieu d'une aOMr de Musulmans, chassa au desert te prince A < g > ^ > n^r^ qui voulait la livrer k lislam et ae dk)nna des Chefs fid^tes k la vieilte religion nationate et charges de la raoiener au chemin de Thon- Arrivant aprte Yassou, TAFFABI trouva \m pays affaibli par la guerre ciirite, une inoonce- vabte fatigue chez le peuple, et, chez tea Grands, un accueil qui ne fut pas toujours bien franc ni bien chaleureux. ^ . Depuis cinq ans qtiii est au pouvoir, te- Bas Taf- fari a commence sa rude Uche de pacificateur et de civilisateur. , . . ,^ _^ Avsnl de lui reprocher de n avoir pas encore reussi^ il faadrait avoir le courage de bien nivon- trer*le« difficultes de Tenlrepri^e. Or, il y en a plusieui>^. ' » 'n - -r. ' •*" ^- Mais 11 y a surtout, en'ce moment, dans toute rEthiopie une vague de nationali^noe trte pro- noncee. L'Ethiopie connait Tobjactif de cMrtaines convoitises Europ^nnes, diners journaiu tea prcKilament parfois, tr^ crllment, au grand jour.^ l>evant ces menaces non dissimut^s» est41 etonnant que TEthiopien qui refl^chilr sa raplie sur lui-meme, sVkaite dans le eulte de sa patrie et de sa religion nationale, et que pousa^ par liut^ret naturelvde sa coni^ervalion, lui qui a taut lutle pour con*c*rver son ind^pendance depuis des slides, il ne soit pas tnijours rasaur^ ^nv les intentions des grandes Puissances Euro- pannes? : . . - . . ^ * II ne faul pas pmnonc^r Ires vite les grands mots, et ne pas parler de (c decadence », de « bar- barie » <*t de a corruption », quand on se voit en fare d'essais lo\au\ accomplis malgriS drs dif- flculte.s sans nombre el parfois couronn^s de succ^s. r- '.-'-»► ./,T ' Ces eHsais-l&, i) faut les epcourager au lieu de les briser par une campagne de presse qui, m^me au loin, a de fAcheuses rfSpercussionsI r.' 'i * '.« J * ♦•• »- 'k • % * 1 r > .i. A. Et maintenant, examinons franchement la force des arguments on des fails par lesquelg on veut nrouver notre u decadence >>. ■^^i^ T- K- # '•« « 'I . r - - w ■/> ■: I i.1 ( ) ' \ , *■ * t •s \ ■ i ** i ■^. iliiih^^ik m^ AjmtmM ' > -^ r '. . ^ iiif) BULLETIN DU COMITE i^ Corrupt i(»n rt vv/talilr sur loule la liync. (Ju jl soit (riisa;r<» (1 inoii drs cadcaiix h la main <|i'«»"<' , (hvs cadcauv aver Salo- mon!^ Os (*ad('au\, priniilivcnieiit nmrque d'arni- fir rt ^entil syinbole, sont devenns, drpuis I'ai- livec d(vs Kni()po(»n.s en notro pays, iin vental)le al)us, aussi intolerable a <"en\ cpii ont iniplanle eelte detestahh* liahiliide. cpi'anx indi^^enes cux nienM's (pii, nioins riches, en sonffrent davan li«^r<' (Mi'a l-on Vn en effetf^ nne surenehere effienei* • »n le.s rt^pres(Mitants des Piiissanees europeennes inonderent le Palais (\v eaonsal)les ee soni (Mr\. •>") \ullilr (Irs passrpnrls s'ujnrs fxir le Hrtn'til, el cela (rautenr pi'ec ise) « ///.sv///'// i(i kilnitiHrcs . II > it la nn<' <,Mave ep()rts sonf, (f'hahitnde, leens avtM' un «^M'and respeet par les chefs snhalteint^s. el c'esi delxjul tenir do passe[)orts; <'l crii\ i\\\\ >♦' sont \ us condanines a aller de "l»inv,m\ en hnieanx. a faire la (|uene i\v^ heurc> •nliero de\ant de^ rrujchrts, paieraieni volon Mcr^ nn petit (adcaii s'ils cro\aient pon\oir oh triiir ainsi [)hi> faciiernent leur passeport. Apre^ la\oir' ohtenn /c/;r.s de (jrnmi 4'hcmin ,,. he inar(|nez. (rah(U(L (pie dans tons les pa\s, l(»s donanieis n'ont jamais en la re[)ntation detic des ^MMis dune courloisTe rafhnrM'. II faul sa\()ir les >uhir, parfois savoir les piendre. I n mot de tia- \ers, nnc^ menace, peiiveni vons allircf hien des desagrcnKMds. i)\u' nos donaniers (h> lirderi^'m' soimt de^ *rens tn'^s (M)nnnode^, jr ne \r crois pas. II fant lj (le,s honimes (pii sachcnl (Mi\rii I'ieil el a\(>ir la main feiine. Mais si \ons el(*s [)oli avec eu\, vous ne verre/ phis vu r\\\ des . volcurs de qrand (lie rain ». r •' I (1 jiislict' t'lliinf)irnnt' est f}n>yrn(i> Quelle soit n^stee /hovcfuu/cf/.vc dans un pavs qni vit encore en ph'inc n feodalite )., il n'\ a pas, je pense, de (jnoi s'etoimei ouln* mcsnre. (hi^elle soil u hdrbarr liatts sfs chdlirtirnls >>, je ne le crois pas. Voila ixmKnioi. .a encore nous sonimes en picine \()i(» d'evo- Intion : Autrefois on < rev ait les venx, on enterrait les gens vivants, on appli(|uait la peine du lalion, aujourcl liui ces barbares contumes ont disparu. 'Iheodoros luinicm<\ (et ponitani, il n'etait |)as tendie) abolit Ihabitude d(» livrer l(\s nieur- triers an\ [larenhs de la victinie. AVISAUPDBUC m Nous avons le plaisir d'informer le public que le crime commis par des bandits Abyssins sur toute une famille Europeenne habitant en face de la Bank of Abyssinia allait enfin dtr e Ch4ti6 . Grd.ce a son Altesse imp6riale Ras TAFARI quiaaussitdt mis en campagne ses meilleurs policiers, 7 assassins ont pA 6tre arr6t6s. Les auteurs du crime se- ront executes demain Jeudi 11 courant sur la place du march6. Addis-Abeba, le II Septembre 1919. r> DOCl MKNT COMMK.M ().\ IlKI'KIMh: LKS (HIMh> h.H KTHloPIK V li nous *»'" ominc (i 'o thaleiM \ersee au\ pa rents (In mort. p<'ijl a\oii la \ie >;iu\('. ^Mi'on vcuille done bicii, pour > ediliei . elu- dier l(*s dcKssiers <'onceinaiil le jii'jement sc. on \eria (pie la justice n'\ fiit ni .. imtycnrKH'if^r n m l,(jr^ hare •). Mais \oila. rv (jiii a tant ('mu iiohv inteiio- cuteuF, ce fnl de \oii peiidic des ^r,.,|s sui la pla((' (In MaicluV lei la repons*' rst fa( ile n'v a til (h)nc pas encore de> p'liv pcndijs ;, l.ondVcs: V.s[-vr (pie. en \n^deteirc, rabolilion de |a torture et lusanr,. ,|,. (.«,,,p,., |,, j,,;,j,, .,,,^ p;,,,i- cides ne remonle pas ;, in,,. ,'.p,Mpjr iclatisemenl rf'cenle? VA riotez, de plus, qu'en \n;:Ieteirr. \ou.s etes dvs H civilises ... tandis (pj'un.' partie des ^(jis qui forment notre pays son! trn-ore de vrais n barbares ... 11 fant a|)pli(|uei \\\\\ hrases ir le jnogivv rl hi civilisation, sur leniancipa- si ..^1^ ' -, -» ■ ,« ■ . DE L'AFKIQUE FRANgAlSE 241 lion soc'ialc dv rindividii, (jur vous auivciv/. n fra[)|)(M* (M's jj^vixs ('ucoiv sauva^fs. f)") l/iH'as un nial. I)u lenips de l.idj Yassou, il esl viai, il n'elait j)as prudent de paicourir, de nuil, h's rues de la eapitah*; niais aujouid'hui h\s ehoses ont hi(*n <'hange; I'ordji' rogne, et, soniine toule, il n'\ a pas lanl de crimes ici cpi'on en deplore daii^ eerlaines eajiilales de I'Europe. ()") \ucim \hyssin, ({(puis le Hthjeni juscjuau (Irrnier csclavc, nc sc prete (nw reijles de rhy i/iene. Addis-Ahheha, nialgre son noni (Nouveile Fleui) n'a pas, en efh^l, pendant la saison seehe, Taspeet dim jafilin emhaume. ("iela j(* Taeeorde. Mais dans leur eriticjue aeerhe, les redacleuis d<* la W eslininsler (tiizelle amaicMit du, au inoins, res[)eeter le Keg(Mit... aussi hien cpie la veiite... NoFi, on ne voyage^ pas tonjours au niiheu des roses, mais laisse/-nioi aimoneer unt* nouveile : e'esi (|ue, d(*puis (|U(Mqu(*s mois, on a eonnneiiee iei un s(m \ice reguher Je voii^ie. Si vous revenez un Jour, vous verrez hien du nouveau ital est en ruines, CKinle a f)Vi\t'n]ne tnenl cesse de fnnrti(Hirn'r. Puiscpie j'ai enlauie le chapilre {\r> " nnu \elles ... je puis ajoulei' (pie h* Prinee K(''^mmiI a mis la ronsti uetinn dun il(')pital c\\ adjudiia lion; et (pi'en attendant, le^ malades s(mt soign<'s. dans le vieil llopilal, [)ai' plusieui> med(M'ins et par des Heligieuses. Ouant a ri']eol(* ( Jouvei uementale, c'est \iMi, elle a suhi des avatars, mais (^Ih* fonelionne (iK^ore. \()U^ de\ez savoii' (pTa eiMe de eette ('(ole, il en esl une autie dirigc'^t* par TAIIiane" Fian(^'ais(» et (jiii eompte un(* moyenn(* de i.^o eleves. ( )fi un enseigne |>as Tanglais, ('<*st \rai, mais o on dil j- (|U(*^lusieurs ('noh^s pr<>t<*stante> sont aussi en vnie d(» formation. h(\s eraintes de la Westminster (Gazette sonl inju^tiflT'es sur rr point... comnM* sur taut d'autres. K' ] Les f(trleresses' ... II esl peiinis de se trom per, il (*st ptM'Uiis d'etre mal inforuu'*, meme par d(»s «' inf(trinfdi(fns de premiere inain », mais, franehemt*nt, il est (h\s erreurs qu'un puhli(^ ignorant dt»s (dioses [)eul admellre, mais qui font sourire la ou Ton |)eut se rendre roniph* < dt^ visu •» (]u un eiTivain s'est trompt'' lui-m<^nie ou qu'il a voulu tromper les autres. (I (I (I ( I Si les jourrialistes anglais ne se soid pas ti'om- p('*s, il I'aut a\()uei (|u'ils doivent avoir la inanie de la jxTseeution, pour voii dvs • fortei'esses )) dans les IrajKpiilles <'t si paeillcpies L(''gations de Li Car)itale! Atuun nujr, au< ini (anon, auemie mitrail- leuse, aueune Iraneht'e, aueun foss(\ rien, en un mot (pii rappc'lle une forlei-esse si inoffensive .soil- elle; et si on a vu, pent ('Ire, (piehpies fds d(» fer harbeles, on a pu se rtMidi'e eomple (pn* la, eomme dans loute eapitah*, ils n(* sonl dv.s,s'////e, ;/(' jh'ul eirc lolerce a aucun prij\ >» Nous re\ ieiidroiis, phis loiu, sm le *< point de rue an(}hus >, eomm(Mi(;ons pai- m(*tti"e les eljos(»s au noint de >iie d(* tout le moude. Ca' Journal afliriu(* (pi(* n dims la capilair, il y a plus (re.sclures ipie dlniin!}\es lihres.n II ajoute (pie << la Lc. Je n'ai pas a Juger ici le^ intentions du (iou\er- neuH'iit fiari(^*ais; mais a piopos de cett(* d(*rni(''rc aflirmation je vous fciai rcmaKpier deux choses : 1*1 On n'attend pas, chez nous, rarriv(»e d'ai'ines d' Ain(''ri(pie pour une o[)(''iati()n de gueri'c (pielle (pTelh* s(jit. I n pass (pii poss('»d(^ [)hisieuis centaines de mille de fu^iU et des mil lions de caitouches n'^'st pas a laffut de (juehpies carahines de plus. •>'') ()iiant aux " (jrands nninlo's (/'c.sc/tirc.s .. en Ahvssinie, je vous s(M'ais hien I'cconnaissant ^i vous pouviez en ( iti'r un, mai> un seul, et cela a\ec (les preuv(*s a ra|>[)ui; al<>r^. pent etre, on [)oiniail y aller ensemble. Nous (lit(*s, en parlant d(^s esclavcs, un mot (pie v^ons (h^vrcz relraeter. \(>us les appeh^z •' ce ht'*- tail >>, vous allez voir (pn* vous vou-^ t'tes tr()nq)('\ Les domestif]U(*s familiaux, chez nous derniers vestige^^ de* TaneitMi ^ervage [)rov<'nant des anti ques guerres, font partie de notre maison, les en J L f -^ 1. ^m^tM / . MitfifiiM •T^- T " ^^ ^ ^^ 11 f WW" I »*»w /r"^^^*T1F i4> BULLETIN DU COMITE liiiils \ sali'oij, ils hojit jiiifc (»ii [VkSvSc^- sHui de ic»ji lerJ3iJii)ee?8 et i^'il y a dts c^tf> drt* haitt' do cou4n'jAaQd^ ils jie doivt'id pas iMi^^ iH'au('(Jup pJut^ iioiiibfoiix que le^ cas de • \isfards, (^t ees eluelieris devaieiit le,s achelor par eharile. l>oniiant lui-merne IVxemple, il pa\a aijx trafi(]iiants musidmajis le prijc qii'iis demaii- daicnl ponr vendre lenrs e^sclawe^, lesquels fiireiil lelaves dans toute Tetendne (le son royaujne; et (pi'ayant, lui-m^iue, de- mande en passman! a (jojular, si Ton y vendait des (vselaves, on lui lejjondil jj^yalivement. »> . — Meneliek, \iiiv jjicinierc f«ns en janvin iS-T), sni Irs eonspjls dii voyiLj^eur frar^ais Ar- n<»ti\, fil imr j)r(>elania1 ioii pour d^fendre le Ira- fli (irs ('sela\«'s. rt dans nne lelire (^crile de J/itehe .III HmI d'llalic le >(S no\(Mnl)re 1878, il disait : (( \ Yd lit apj)ris I'n^s^M'iatioji qui .vi'hI iorun'w p^iinni U-h < ii.ilioti*^ ( linl icninv, jMiijf TiilM^I it icvii d«' I'i'scIjin ii«j<', it ' lU' NMulanl point nir s<''|»,'in'i dv roMo Sori«''tr qui triivaillc (I poidi la Jilwrlf* ^(*4' hnoiciiiK', a diviTsrs rcpris^'^;, " (laiis iu<-^ » A|)(*(lili<>ab^ ct»utj<' Jr*; OaJJ^s, uiis s*)l(ljts jyjjit <( r;mn'ijr him- f«>i»* r».(KH). niu' iiiiJii' fois :ji(».(m>o rs( |a\4'<. I'-f apirs avoir (Jrrnande (pie J'Fjiiojm' lui rnvoic^ {\r> airnt's, il terndiH^ ainsi : Jr t cuj stni/th « mrnt me dejendrc, civilisir nunii jmys rl r/nj^/^ « r//e/* hi fraHe r/es csiUnu's. » \nilii do l)i(»n !h»l)les paroles. l)i^ne lille d un \v\ pore. I linpoialrier Ziio- diton fit reuonvo]( r la inofn^^ dtfeiisi* et la monje pio( lamatiletenieid obei, nn no sanrait le j)i'elendj(»; il juiit w trouver, aux extremes roniins de l*Kni|)ir(> (jui toucheni aii Soudan, eertains rhefs (pji aioid ij)i/Mel a \w \>i\< s^vir ( outre les rates eljasseurs (i'oscJave> (pji snljsistont. Tn a \iu, cependiiif. ij> se voioid d(''pJa<'e^; d'aatres lioujiiKi-s ieuj sueeedeut qui, resolnmeid, Ijarrenl la \hi4' a cos praticpn^s d\in iiulit* age. i'aut-iJ rtj(KUlei qu uov drs plus \aslrs pm \iuot\s d^* I J\iu|jii<' iliiiiif imp-lif du Soudan, ot (p4J a •louJ4Mij> passe poui 1111 riiolio loiiaijj a eiia^so a riiomtuo, le Wnlla^^a, est d('*sorinai.s ^oiis la fejule d'juti tnnjiuio qui^ iid<4<* au mot d ordre de son i\lai(i(»,-a ces^e d'iiiit4ii~i^j rac<'4'itains iiii- li<*ux, au lieu do ^^(uj^ rritiiqut^i". Kaid il le dire? Si i^eriains Kuropeit*jis i^oajs oiit ete d'un grand socx^Mire, d'autres nV#nl pii que no4Js maleficer, IM^f ne rieu diiv de pJus. ' Pour no (iter qu*uii /ail (sans vouioir conime ryuteuj de J'arik^te |>eu('lren au ^oin des I^egations, on cliez certains Jauro|j4'eiis, vl iioii des moinclros ), n'si-t-on pas >ii I anti('»o d(»rui^re, U|i (^(3Ji84jl europt^en, k la ^'aic, vouloir enifiie- nej- de force tine a s^mvc >» yivec Jui? et ne la-t-ori |>as vu i>attre a ( oups do poinds \i^ agenlis de uotre gouvernenieut qui rcussirout quaud nu'^me, a remp('^Hber d'a<^u)mpiii rt^lle %iienio? Enfin, pouj LtMiniiu^r pur un ajgmueut qui ne vis(* que la Wcstuiinstcr (lf<\:eiii', jo lui dirai : P'ajtes doiu' ujie^ux stjjvrillor |>aj les votree len fiontiores du S(judan oij V(Jjo ennis d'y motire un << d^viit an^daiv ale la frontiere », que nous ayions, au inoins. sa FrarK In* oollaboraliou dans (ctto (ouvre ooiuiiiiiiM*. S il (^t eharge de stnveill(»r la fronli(To olio/ n^ms, qu'il la surveille aussi (^hez votjs. AHoz done voii ( c (jiii >c jjasso', en caohette, sill lo marolu' (!»• MolaiNinii, r{ faitos or^^auiser (pjolques j)atr(Wiillos \ liiiiiicnl anti cschivagistfs sm les r(jntos dr Kas>al?i (1 do (HK^tlaicf. Fnfin, vous, |)riMni(''r<- riiis>afi(e maritime, sur- voilloz done l(\s porls, rt fajlr^ phjs vsotjvont la \i>it(» d(» cortaiiios |jar(fu«> Nialjos (|ui somhlonl inoffen^ivos mais fjin' IrrirKpnr Imt cnooro anjour- ons»'!< K lui do ju^ei. Mais qu'on cesso de reijros^Mifir trKlhiopi» ' romnu* un paNs (If harhatir el de ifrcindrmv rt (pt'on fion^ riwi)uvd^i\ (pton iioo<. .ll(tl#^ hij lion do notts c;jil4)mnier. Oui. Jr payj^. a^ijoiud hiiiii rsi pacific. Cela, je I'affirme et coiurne aiiA j.^irs dr MENELICK. ^< Uf\ injani pent qnitier UtlrhK- ihht>ha avec um i^arhr ft la rofidiiin' ju^f^utifux confiffs de VEm- pire mm ^Irr nuileslr. ihwmi h\\\ * revoltes », lour pnnition rei;ii«iil- rt ne yi'o (•<'d(» pas par siiuts ni pai bondifci. Quuii ImI^jsc I'tlfchiopie £aire loyakn^tiit sea essain de ci\ili»a tiiuia. Duns cette vuie* tfWie a d^ja fait de grands pa<. > • Li» «• I j/iMi (le la tri.bu de .M^Li a vaiiirij » srs cuut'iUiis el wwuitre s«i vaiilajHV. 11 e^L aii tepus, dbu.jc)Uird'bui, nialH fui b'enteiidra »LLrenfien4; uii jour, joindre m voix pitit^anto an conc^eft nion (fial cle la rivilUation. De npuveaux dangers POUR L'ETHIOPIE ^a»e (I) d'attirer & nouveau le premier KatteD- Son de» pouvoii*!* puhifc* et de ropuiioa en Ftauce lim* la campagfte pr^|)aree de toAgv^ date, olfleielr IjKjXHfut avL olticieiaaemeat par TAii^teffre coatve rElihiopi<5 efc son Gouverneflienl. A une epo^ue oii il y avail quehcjue oierite a le faire, le Coniite de TAhique fvaa^aise s'est attacW, uve(^ toute auu auloril^, h faire t^U)^^p^ler let* i&ier^s iraacai:^ si gj^aveoieiiii oukbUeb. lorsque ke Ckm^eTaem^iit angkulB. par I'iuteinnediaiiv de Trusts et de Gbmpagniejv plus ou moins iiidepen- dauletrt, crayail avoir inis ta maiu sur h* ( hemlii de fer de Dj^ibouU h Addis-AJjeba, doul la coa8- Imction eUiil seulement comnicneee. Pers4>tine ae sail mieux que moi V&preti de la campa^ne quil a fallu soiiteitir pour sauver autre situatiuu eu Adrique O^leuikale e( |e Cfois e:xpfiaiHr ma revon- naivSJiaiice au Comite de^ TAfii^ue en lui appurtaut atrjourdliui des eclaircissemente sur fa situatioit actiiette. Oa |R>Avaik cvyire^ Ws ial^6U (rai^ais deiluiUve- inent ii I'abri, depois le* conveatioiis retell ves au chemiH de fer votees par lea Cttambres en 1S€9 (*t (te|)uis le fonctionnenveul regulier de la voie ferree de SOU kilometres c|iii relie la capitaie abys- sine h noire port de la cAle franraise des Siimalis, Otte aecurite serait, cepeadftot^ vite coinpiroimsi^ si mms pi^nlions de vue la questioa ^tbiopienae. La campagne (]iii eclate aapuirdltiu dans hi jj;rattdie pre^^se d Corl aiwiea. {\\xi u a >aaiais ete abimdoune^ {xlau rtjtn^u |Mir ties xroupeiueQis aaglab interV)r^taQi saRH doule ropinion de e&riaiiis rain{)artiroenis thi Foreiga Qlfice. ' , Ce plaa d'actioo fut reprU d^ Taropuis^Uot^. et ses print^iaks inamfe&tatioAft furenk^ ea de^eiu- bre 1919, ia rr^tion de rAhysAiniaB tx>rpomlk>n, au capital de, iin million de li\Tes sterHng i>our se (1 ) Afrii/ur fidnrmse, fovrior 1922. p. 61 saisir du coiruneree de rElhiopie (rf) oreudre une iufluencu aupriis du Pouvoii* Ceuti;al ei des chefcs ; AU priAteiupt^ 191i>, des encoiuragdaiwts veaus ^ ntalie qui reclaniait h sou profit Tabandon de Djibuuli el rinternalioualisaliou de notre cheniiii ie. * » La Gveatioii de VAb/ysi^iniau. U>rporatlou euit lieu a Londres le 4 d6wmbre l^tS^axec uu cerkaixi retentissement. L(^ eapital fut fix6 h ua million de livres sterling garauti et euiis sous lets ausipices de la bauque Erlauger. Le si^e social de la Soci6l6 fut du reste iastall6 somptueuseineat^ dit te pjreaiier rapport aux actioiinaires, dans Ti^- ineuble de la inaisou Eilauiger. Muaie d uu capital c^oBsid^roibie, et assuiee de I'appui du GouverneH>enl anglais, lAbyssinian Corporation avail comu^e progte^mnae de s*6tablir rapi^leuaeut daus toute ItCtbiopie, en acbetaut h ♦^xutprbc — res prix f urent sK)uvent exlraordiaaire- meal 61ev6s — des c-omploirs grec8,arm6niens ou hiudous depuis longtemp^ 6tablis i Addis-Abeba ou dans les provinces loiutaiues k Tiaterieur du pays. Le commence a'etait pas la seule preoccu- pation de cette firnie, donl le directeur sur place se mil a etudier la cieation de routes, de trans- ports par aulouiobiles, et a lecliercher et a propo- ser au (louvenu^iuent abyssin rcxecutionde grands Iravaux publics. Le succes ue vint |>as «'ouroiiner celte entre- prise, dont le verital>le but nous est r(Sv{4e par la discussion ({ut eul lieu ^ la pretniere Assemble g^n^rale teiiue i\ Londres le 2 decembre 1920 et donl voici quelques extraits : Le Fuii^lDHNT k)K l'aSSKMBL^I DKS ACTI0NIHAIKB3. Quaud la Coinpagait' cammeiiva ses opvr&iioas I aiiu^e derui^rc (i^l^) U* Comil^' (Irsirait etablir la* Corpdralioii sur iiiie soiide ba8<> (le travail, bau^ ce but« la (.arporaiicHi prit ea main, Vtu- iomue dernier, la {inoe de Gcrolinittto el Artuani^, \\\x\ avait UEie posilk>n eoaiuenie danft le ii)uiuierce de rOuet^t-Abys^iu, 27 4K)0 Livres fureiii payees pour te loads de commerce, :i! 2(Ji) ii\n's pour to terrain et les It^lioneuis. r»efoliauito et Armanza oiii sousrrit po«ir I^.Ttr* oijIigaUoiis ordiiuurea dtt la (lorpiiralioii ei M. Armaiii/a est rulr^ h t^ou servioe ecMome Oirecleur de la braucbe d«t Tihiext. Lo rapport de MM. Prtce* Waler^House, et Peat prt)uve que Ic profit aK)yen eo pen de temps apr^ c^ai kes (xuKiitions suivantes : \\ w o livrt^n fureut ^y4im po4ir le kNadii (k^ couuaen^e el k.^HX) kivres pour k temia et ies h&ticaeiitft. MM Nieholas sousiTineui pour V(X)0 obtigatiofi.s ordiaain's. MM. Ni4hola.H avaiefit dirig^ ttae aHaire daBs l^0«e»t Abyssiu (*t k Addis-Alieba. aver une inoyeane de profiti pettdaot ux %u^ de i OtK) livivH La prOiap^ril6 ckea aflaire« de Ntehalas et Genilinuito et Ajmauaia d^pendatt aurloat 8ur le ooMamewe d'exporlatiou de ]'4^yat^de, maks aoeau d'aiu tie poss^dait les Mtituei)t<^ ajppTQiin^ 4 an iiaporiant dk^X pour te conainerce en dMail ^ Addi»-Abete. Em nars I»i0 ke Cooiite pensa qu ii ^tail Meeasaaire d'%rc«eiltiT \m bAtintents et k^ WAf^h- sins de MM. Jewaji et C*. comme 6taat la meilleure Imiso poor le comueri e d irnportatinn MM icwa>i pos>e- libiitfkta >* f «-' tmtlMl^m^m^mm^t^ttStiM^ — UL,\., Jt- "■ ■ ■ ^•ir%«'lli'iT iuil'li 1 i J^. ki 1 '244 BULLETIN DU COMITE niiisi (jiic Iciirs tcrniiiis (^l Imtimnits a llarrar cl a Dire haniia. Lc piiiciiicnt dc 'MiOO livrcs tut efl'ecluc cii hdious l ce que nous avons fait dans le liilan depost' (le\aiil vous. i^eu d(* temps apres, MM Pauling' el (/', ( onforinemenl a hnjr accord axcc la (^or|)oration. dont j ai jnirh* Tan passi', cnN'oyerenl nn de leurs re[iresenlants, M 11 -F. Carter, j>()ur fairc une i-ccoiniaissamM^ pn'dimiiiaire des routes coanncr- cialcs dans TOnest Ahvssin, en s in* de la <'onstrn<*lion di^ ron tes et (le cheinins d<' fer pour arneliorer les cornnninic.i- lioiis ct ahnisscr les frets tres eleves i\\\o nos marchaiidi>cs ^nd M >uliir a present Je snis heureux • Au (hlnil de eetle aimee. Ir vi(H'-presideut. sir Frederik Lij^Tiird. ;i et»' v\\ Al»\>sinie, acconijia^ne par le nouvean ilirerleiir, M Pilelier. el par le eohuiel Saiidford, doid la loiiiiaissaiice nppi'otondie de 1 Ahys>iiM(* a heauconp t"M(*iIil»' vova«:e Le (iomiie de>iiv evprinier sa salisfaelion pour laeeiieil ernpi'esse que le vic(»-pre^ident a re<;u de riiiiperalrice, el pour les nlalions persoiuielles dCsliine v\ d'amili»' etahlies i^ntre sir Trederik Lngard el le Has Tafari, Uegent el li»'ri tier presoniptif du tnNne yssinie Son Allesse a el( iisse/. bonne pour aoce[)ter de 4leveinr un des de la (Iorporation et nous vouloiis v(Vir dans c(dte marque de vonfiance de la |>art du Ke^enl d'Ahyssinie niie preuve (jue \t\ (lorponilion. en depit de s(»s difficulli's, a nn avenir plein cLe promesses devant elle. Des le di'hnt. la ligne de eontlnite du (ioinite a ele dr il(''velop[>er la dor|>oration dans Ic >ens des interets reei proques des aclionnaires et dn peuple ahyssin et, dans ce iMjt, la Corporation a c<»nrln un accord avec le lias Tafari p depeuses que nous avons faites. iiiais ils eonsiderent que c'esl |X)ur le plus )^rand l)enefiHldes de jouer un nMe aussi utile dans le deve loppt'menl de 1 Abyssinie D'autrt*? projets de cooperation entre le ( ionverin'nieiit abyssin et la Corporation sont eii discnssiiMi et voire (]omit er>t desireux de parliciper a lontc ariaire ijui seia a Lavan^ Xb'fir des deux [»ailies 1^1 Corporation a an>si re(;u des invitations de Chefs hx'aux pour rextension de son connnerce a des districts oCl nous n'avons [)as eucore jjcni'dre el une expedition a H6 accomplie dans une d(»s plus inipi)rlantes provinces. Tout ceci |)rouv(» que la Corporation, pendant les premiers mois de son existence, a acquis une silujilion imporlante en Abyssinie (d a obteiin la confiance du peuple ahyssin. Au mois de mai de cette ainn'e, la silnalion sVsl hrnsquement moioii dn Diiccteni" Ceneral. ISous avons euNOve, a la place de M liev. le colonel Sandford, (|ui a une Ionian' experience de I Abyssinie, (H^nnait h* Regent et les iu"incipanx cinds; d autres change- luj^ds out el('' accomplis dans le personnel pour renforcer reorganisation de la C assurer de cela. ApparemmenL conune ((uisolalioM anv .lelioanaires pour ce terrible bilan, on nous dit (pie le Hei^eul el beritier pre- som[)tif an tmne d'Abysvinie a consent i a (h*veiur un nn'udu'c i\[\ ('omib'v M. LK l*K^sn)KNr. J'en \ ien< inaiiilen;int a la responsii- bilile des Admiaislralenr^ I) a|»res les inforinalijuis revelees par le Ua|»porl, il semble {\\iv le Direclenr (ieneral en Abvssinie a du rece\(Hr niie eiiliere liberie d'acheter des denrees connue bon liii seudile et d apre> la facon dont il u use de ses ponvnirs, // a/ffjard/lniil (/ur sim hut rfail de sr rrnffrr findhnnrhi (injurvi'iir ilc la phis t/nimlr jmrln* dc r.ihi/ssntic Nadu pour>ui\ re s(»s aebat> peiidanl nae pc'-riode de plusieurs mois et oa a du lai^^er' a --a di^[>o dniM' t(dle inqjortanee M l{e\ r^| im ;m( mii fonctiiuinaire dn ^on\ crnenieiil. a\ee naeiiiir .iiihr (jnalifieai ion pour ce poste de Direclenr II ;» fail pailir. ii im inoineid donn('", dn Minislere> de^ .VI anil ioiis, ce (]ni n e-1 cerlaiMeinrrd pas une Iwnnn' ('cole pour apprtnidre IVcoin irnie Le commerce peul-«*'lre enlrepri- a\cc pi'oli I en Ab\ >sinie. Nous croyons qae IVxiierieihr |tii-v,.c ^\^• |a Cor|K)r-at ion [>ourra nou< ^er\ir(kin^ ra\eiiir M llv.M\.>. aetioiniaii-e .\ aiiroii- ii..ii- jm. imr (b'clara- lion (les ob--rr\ at ioll>^ di^eoii rloi^r^ danli-e^ meuibres. L'Aliys->inian C()r[Mii'at inn j-lait one ;i|j;iii v ,|,)|il nnn^ ^oinmes (M'cup(''< [dntot a e(»Mliv eoMjr .N.m- n. liiNdu^ fait qu(i pon^^o [»ar le (le>ir drlre a;.'rc.iblr ;m niuii-len^ des Affaires Ltranjjero Au nionienl on le- Alfaire- Ktran^^eres nous out |»arb'* dc la creation de crllr ( .onipaL'nie. nous lour aNons fait reniarqner qnr nnn- n entr-eprrndrions une pareille op(''ralioii (jUe -I Ir j.ro-|H(lu- inlormait le public (|ue c etait (ra[nv> le d»'>ir do .MTaire- KtranL'cr^ que la Com[)a^Mne serait incor[.nn''e La l'.an(|ue d Krlan^^er s'est toujour^ Ixn-io'c a lancer des affaire- qm a\ aierd^dejk ete creees. (pii avaieal nn pas>r rt dc- chiffrc'. -up lev(juels on pouvail elablir nn [.ro>pecln-. et I. travail de noire lianque (•on^istait a etendre «'t a ofnsabilit^s, nniis je dois «lin' (piil a ele rclenu lou^leuips Hpres la formation de la lloinpa^nic par ses ohligalions militaires et que pendant une parlie de I'an passe il a ele tres gravem(»nl malnde. Nous uvoiis hieii compris qnil eluil essentiel pour la Corporation d 'avoir un (lir-ei'li-ur d'nru' grande e?^M'*rien<'e coraracreiaJe, et nous avons dcMnande a M. Henourser eeux qui out perdu ile I'argenI dans un eas comme eelui-ei. Notre firrae approiive la nomination du (lomite el nous ]»resen- leronsan Comite tons les documents quit demamlera en ee qui eoncernr la formation de la (iOmpagni(v I^ lecliire de res evlrails eoiifimie {\uv TAbys- siiiian Corporal ioii a bien etc creec* a la tleniande in^mi'^ du Foreign Office. Son foiidaU^ur, le baron Kinile d'Erlan^er Jaisse entendre (jiielh^ pi'ession le Foreign Office ex(Mva siir lui [K)ur h* determiner a palroiier I'affaire. (^ Notre President a eU' rhoisi d'aceord avec les Affaires Ftrangeres ^>, ajoute eiieore le baron d'Erlanper, et Ton constate (pie le premier direeleur elait nn liaiil fonctioiniaire du Minislere des munitions. Son successeiiir ilis- sail sur le plateau ethiopien, nous avoiis vu ritalie. au printemps 1919, au moment de la dis- (ussion du traits de Versailles, nous rerlamer comme compensation (1) I'al)andon du chcmin de fer el de Djibouti. Nous etions invites k aerejiter ces suggestions parce que TAngleterre consenlor|K)ruti()ii. b's nVvnt> artirl»'> l>ul)lir^s dans Ja presse anglais^ pfTinett^Mit dr f)inf*f^r (\\\c 1»^ Forri^n Office ct le gouvcrneincnt du Soudan srrairnt luurnix (\\i^ Ic ^ouv^nuemenl ethiopien prit eommc (\)UHcilU'r!< do jmt- sounalile:i telles que sir Frederick Lugard et le (olouel Sanilfonl. I^ Ha» Taffari ne pourrait vraisemLlemeiit pa^ entrer dans r<'s \ iie^i sans provoqner un moiivenient d'opinion violent parrai les [)opulHtions df» I'Kmpin'. a une nM'tification de front iefc du (ole de TEst africain, dans un pays suns inteiour irriguer le Delia fornie |)ar les deux Nil (mi amont de Khartouni. Mais. liniagination ne pouvait s'arr<^ter la, el puis regions des basses plaines du Nil (jui n'offnMil d^autre part aucune ressource propre appreciable Pour le Gouvernement anglais, la solution serait sans doute d'6tablir ces postes de garde >uclav(i deGeunbella sur le Baro, et il a puinAnie s<3 faire confier la perception des douanivs df celU^ region el, en somnii^ etablir les Jonctioii- niiircs du gou vernemont aiiglo-^gyptien ju!^]u*d Moure, sur le plateau ni<^rne. \a's Ahyssins pretendenl paraii pas que les grands chefs abyssins se sentenl rassures par ce cheniinteaux de h^irs cases a>'ant de les rou- ge r. )) ' Voici re qu4^ me faisail ecrine, k la date du M) deeembi'e dernier, Tun de C4\s. ehefs, sur les incidenls de la IVontiere du Horaiia : A(klis-AU*lHi, :H0 rl«'^'iiil»rt' 1921. Lrv noiivt-nes dr Imtaillv v\ inmrsitui fivs Ironpes abys Nines til t4'rri1oin' britnaniqiic qur lf*s dep6riie>a aii^lmises reiwiiHiiitnt (laiis Ir iiionde, iioti ?H^3t^ient li^ npchjeut suv jincuii loti(l(TijtMii, nuiis se Di 111 eiil avoir &U^ lanm's |)Our iultM- V( rtir Irs r^lt's el fai-rc figure dr viclioQ-e. II y a qiielqiies rtiuH'^'s.M Tht/si?*t*T, aloTs iniiiislrf^d'Ang^i' lern-, hnhiI iiolifi<'au (iouverueoirnl t'lhiopien qutil«.^s Abvs sins hjil»itHiil Ih ivgioii fnniliere du Borwiii (k'vaieci^ 4Hre (^oiimie sujrts de S M. BrilttiUHqu(\ L<'s Butoiiles aiii[lai>rs jwoeedererd ii la perccplioii des impAts conune >>i irttf Mniple not^n edition suffrsnit k aiilheniifivr la prisf di possession ties iemUMn\s abyssins Le Itouvernemttil ^Uiio (lien a iniiiH*(liaU*tneril ftilret>se une eoergiqut; pratesUtion eii di^niauia I Ajigleien*e te druii de prendre sou? sa proVpn'8 sujelis M. Tliesifrer n'^ioir dit qnf* rAn^Heteire ne fmivmi! pas sr eh^iiUresser An m^tI des maltiroreux Abyssins qni, t-errons6* par Ifs hri^ands ^VUien< jyiu^es swi' le ie^rritoin* aiij^iais. \a' miaistn anglais se reiidait |)arfaitei«eiit coinpU' de la fi*a^dile T*rneinf^t de hp preter k une r()nvci*8alion amic4k' pour tronver uue solution qui satisfai mil les deux pariie*. Le niiuistre d'Au^leterre p(x>|K)sa,r(>mme entree en maU^^e, d'or^'ftniser, eonjoiTit«^men1 ftMv Vs Abys sins. d(»s eolnnnes volantesi^ui seraieial ixcUisivi^nirn! aff^^r lei's k iiettoy^r la r^frt<>ii d« Bomna A la pnr^senc^ dps liri ^'ands ()4»aiine il nVxistait pas limits d'hominf^s poor y 2i? puhliail aneletliv dr Sir flarry iohT» uu bat |>ur*emi'nt liumauitaiiv, le (rouveriieaieut abynsiD aiquiescm ftielle proposition. En de[)it de raecord qui fixail netttimeul uue limite qu iJs s'^taiuiK euga^s a ne |ms fraacfeir, les Aiiglals caaa4M>renl juste a Gadadouuia, et, au lieu de pour suivH' ies bri^iKls, ils S4' uiirent tranqudlemenl k vaiiier aux: indigenes la Ix^ute du it^gime auglais En pi^seoce de (•elle nottvelle siluation qui, avtH* une hrutale frauehise, metlait en i-elief la mauvaiae foi aaglaise, le (iouverufineiil abysfiin cbaj^gt'a le Fitaurari Habit* tjtiicMgttis (laueieii miiiis- ti't) de la (iueiTe de LEiD^XfrtHir Mi^rielik), ebef es|K^ci)er. Une vigouieus^ iiroles- lution que \^ Fitaurari adressa omtre r4»ite nouveile viola- tkon de laccott] »<* re^'ol qu'une reponse dilatoiit?. (4 pkis laid 11 fut \Ain\ di'^naoutjv que b^s Anglais avaieal fiasse la frontiert*, iioii pas tatit [>our coojH^Ter k la repression dii bri- gandage qne pimr oc<*uperde nouveaux territoires. Les sol- dais du Fita^irari ayanl d^barrasHe oornplel-erueal U'^ pay^ des bandes de brigands sails le cohooups de^ Aa^lais. iii>i- t^renl ces deruiers, leur jMH^seare de\tMiant absoluqa^'ni i Mo- tile, a Kiver leur <*4iinp H k iv!ga^»er leurs pays. Le Cijinniaii- dauit anglais repoudit qu'a soa avis, il y avail euv'ore des \wi- gands et qull partiraii sealerneiit quaad il estimeriiil kpays jiettoy^. Oes son aiTivee, le iKiiiveaii ministiv Britanni^ue, Qadide linss(dL a a\ is^ officielleicient le GouveriH'fnenl fithiopen de roecupatioii (le (vadadamoc pour i«isr>u de seeurilrctert<* a I attitude anglaise, les soidats do Fitauraii parrourure^i en tous sens le pays et eapturerent eneon' qnelques insoumis quils 1rou\m'n1, ih Veiir grand ebinnement, armes de fusils atigimis. I>^ >Trw5ittcnt abyssiii. fcasse par ces negoctations sajis issue, envuya les Dedjaz A&safa^) et Seyouru aupreg dn quariier g<^neral anglais a vec missioji d in vi\er ie Comman- dant h faire n*pfi^ser la fronti^ri' a ses Iroupes et, dans le eas d'un refiis. 4 avis^T aax movers neei^ssain^s que les eir- (wiistam^s knir dict4M^t^1 I^'muiI Tatljl^ide eiH^rpn^ue do cejj deux ehefs abyssins. k- OuanHindant anglais se det^^r- mlna a n'preridn' le ebeiuii] dn retour \\ c«t done inrxact qne ^*s troupes al)> ssiiies ar^'ot fail tine inenrsion en territoine anglais ; il est /^alemmt ineraet qu'tine bataille nit eu lieu; il n y eul nKnre pas la iwuoiln- psi^araiowelie La inise eu cinulHlion fMTape nr* t^y?*. s*' vir^nt un j(mrnrr/^^'r par un officier anglais, pendant la Iraverse^^ da desert. so«v prehexte qu'ils avaient Ira^ichi la l'rontiei>' et ehass4» I ele- phant en territolre anglais. El au mouieat (»i!i \r (ioiivenie- •ri>i'iit ahy?rsinT?e preoernpalt de niettn' nii terme h ee^ inei dents, que im'iiw* aver patieno* p-t bonne \olonte il no pou- vnil pa> touf^nirs evitfT. une canipa^f' dans H>s f>umaiix anglais eeiata pcmr rejuvsenler !«• jwiiple nbyxiii eomrae tin pi'uplede pillanls et en demi-i-evnlntion »- LVxfM)s(^ rRpide df^ fRits vt \\\ hs I^ipmL^s iliffe- HMitos citations qui pnrerlcnt (Iniment t)ien Tim- ^)l^sl^ion que nous somiiiv^ sans nnctm dou1<\ doA-aiit !es manifestations, (in mto nji^4ais, d'tine polilique d intervenUon iiiaailVstalionj^ encoro tri'S timides, il e^t \Tfti Potu j\islifif^r (Ttte ix>li- Uqm\ il e^l <5videmmenl indisjMMisRhl^ de disitf^- flitrr Ir ponvoir oxistant f^l de L:n»vn cles posies niilitaires en se r6fugiaut en territoirw abysi^. It est doi%c a^eessarre, pent tea na^ns euTopiennes voismes de I'Ethiopie, potfrrAn^le- tcrre, la Fraace et lltalie, de m concerter pour imposer aa pfty» rm chef aniqtie qui, appuye par lea pui»»anfte« emrop^ernies , ponrra im power son aiutorike anx diff^ewts Has (|ui adnriniskrenl les provinces de Kempire. Mai's, res divers snjels (le ptaintes invoqu^s pf\r le.^ connwerranis fni par tes foepctifmnaires awfrfnis sont-ils exacts ou exag^rf* et ies movent sii^o- res par 1^^ experts anglais, — seservir (f'nrr eles •rrand^ Chefs pour doter ce vietrj pays Hbre, le dernier parys libre de FAfriqu^f, d'un coirfrAh^ s<^- vftre el cf aw* tulelle d6g^ui>^ee — sont-ila de nature i% ftSHureT A KRt]!W)pie la s^curi*^, Tordre, ta pros- perib^? - , tl est p<*Tmis tout d'abord de se (k^mnndor ^i I Elhiopie a un besoin immediat (Kuii fel romrdo (^t si re rentede est hien efficare, car fa rnetlKxh* (^st li FesT^ai en ee monrent en Jifesopotamie, en Arabrn. on Patestine, en Transjordanie, etc.. rfe... oil eflo (frmne (fes r(^sufllafe peu enviables. . Le Ras Tafari a pris effectiveinent le junivoir apres la rhut^e de Yassou, il y a envh'on cinci ans, (• est-/i-dire^ une epoque oil I'Ethiopiec^iaif, denuis le romniencemeiil de la guerre, isolee el Iravailler par (les eniissaires alflemaads. autrichiens el lurrs. La chute de Yassou a laisse disperses et en amies des elements importanls de troupes (|ui (tvaient rraint de se rendre aux mmdes vietorieiises (ill Flas Tafaii et qui s'^taieuA r^fugi^s swr les coiifinsde rEthiopie, avec armes et bagages. Pimi- (lant cette periode trouBHee et aialgre les (fiffirul- les causees par une dualite du j>ouvofr. encort^ inal reparti entn^ rimp^ratrice et lui lUi^ne, fe Ra^. a force depatrenre et de souplesse, |>arvinf a fairc ac'('e|)ler son autorile [)ar les Has (»t Irs grands Lhefn d*^ rKf»»pife. V Si laulonte de Has Tafari n'est pas enron^rclJe flonl joiiiT^sart M6n6Uk, cfni arait refart F'Eminre d- Kthropie rt &imiidm ^%§ Mtoiles, elfe ^t tex^f^Anrvf. snffisaikte pf)4^ (fote c% p0\'SJ0uis9e d'u»e s^^curit^ v[ (Tune tranquillite inconnues rhez les peuplcs i\m VemviivfHMMnit : fw^gfpHH^ q%a cvftt ^t^ ^es i-W (It)uvernements ou de Chefs d Klal rhoisis ou im- poses par rAngleterre... Knvoye en 1^20, en missioi! par le Miutst^rc des Affaires Etrang^rets, j'ai traverse toute TEthiopie enfre Ad(frs-Abcba et ftosaires snr le Nil Bleu, en smvant tm itin^raire passant par des regions, revV t^s jnsqti'ft ce jfmt mexplot^es, et je n ai rencon- tre aucune esp^ce de dfrffirult6 de Fa part des inffi- gfenes, pas plus d'ailleurs qae dans mes traver- s6es pr^ci^demtea des plateatrx abyssrnss H gaflas, lors^jue, avec la mission deBonehamps, no^ts alKorrs h hr rencontre de la mission Mare^frand. Les cara vanes de marchancfs circalaient normar lement et si t'on poavait se faire racotrter des his- toiTes d'attaques de ferigafnds vieilles de deux aris, h t'^poijue oft fes sotdats de Yassou tenaient eti- rore lacampagne, les raravaniers 6taienf tiuanimes pour dire que maintenant le pays 6tait stir. Totrt le monde sait que Torganisation de TAbys- sinie est une organisation f6odale et (jui comporte par consequeat, pins ou m^ins altenues, les incon- vdnieuts d'un pareii regime. Si ce regime [fesl pas favorable au commerce, il ne Tinterdik pas eepenfiant, paisque des maisous fran^^ises tr^s impoilantes, ayant des com[>loiFs dans les provinces les plus n culees de 1 Ethiopie, voisinent (ivec les inaisons hindooes, greecjues el armenien- nes, et out rontiuc de prosp^rer. A Lekamti, a qninze jours de marche de lacapitale, versLOuest, (Tans la province frontifere du Soudan anglo-egyp- tien. nous avons trouve toutes les firmes d'Addis- Abcba representees el etablies dans des maisons fort co(pi(»ltes. Icurs stocks de cotonnades. de ([iiiucaillerk(3, etc... elaiciil tres iiuportants et leiir (Klivile comuierciale sati^^faisaulc . A Addis-Abeba. phisietirs de nos rompatrioles. efabhs (l»epais vin^t-cinq ou trenle ans oril rt66 des industries intercssantes: des J^ibrkiuesdesaTon. de bioo^tries. des distilleries; des Soisses ont etabli (Vs srieties, des Habeas ont FDont^ d'iinportants nrtoiilTOs powr le ble ek les c^reales. II ne faut pes oobber. da rM6 Iran^ais. le chemin de fer. cons- Iruil en tcrriloire abyssin sur 700 kilonifetres. arhev^ sans incident dans les d^Iais pf^vus an nowlrat et sans depasser les devis. La constrnclion en a el^ coiilinu6emalgre la guerreetla lignea ete onverte de bo»l en bout a Texploitalion en pleinc guerre. H est asse*/ rnrierix de comparer les r^cila der* rixes et des altaqnes qui se prodnisent si sonvenL parart-rf. strr (a frrmti^re anglaise. an fmd et surf- <^nest de f'Elhiorpio avec la trancfnillite rotnplMe de la frorrlrire ftahr^rme d\i Tign^ et de la frontierf* fran^rtise qui est err pfefn d^ert somatfs. CiertaiikJi chels aby^sins se sonl emus de celle ra«^>j>ftgDe tie deuigremeHl de leur |)ays, poursui- vie itans ci^rtains jfKiroHULx an;j:lais. et d'aprfes les derni^fes rorresjMmdanres arriv*^es, (*es r>hefs (ont remarquerqueceux qui de|44>renl a Iheure actuelle ie uaaikjue d'aulorite de Itas Tafari. ssriiL foul r('niar(|ii(M" i\uv si an liru dc* sapcr. jiai* Irs inoyrns Irs plus (liv(Ms, I auloriLr du goiivri*- iicinriil ahyssin pai' h's iiil rigii(»s dc h'lirs iignils ;jrr( s oil autrcs. ces iniVonhMits cinployaicnl Ivuv ar;jriil r\ Irurs movcMis a coasolidcr I'aulorilr du Was, la situation dr Tafaii, hrriMrr du Irc^nc, aurail ('ir infiuiuKMil |)lus facilr el d<»s pro^^nrs l)i(Mi plus graads s apncrvraicul dans radniinis- I ration ('dhiopii^iUH' d(* cc^s d(M'niri*es ann<''(*s. (In i\r saurail trop nu'ltri* (mi jrai*d(^ r()[)inion puhli(|Uf» on Kuro[)(* conln'. l(*s telr^ramnn^s t(Mi- dan(i(*u\ (pii nous arfivcnl dc lenips a aulrr drs iVontirn^s du Soudan anglo-6};y[)tion. Lrs in(|uir- IihJ(*s (pi(* la situation (le rEgypl(' donnc* a I'An- girtcirc p(niv(*id Irs rxplicpier. 11 est co^x'ndanl inipossihl(» de conci^voir (]U(* les intc'Mvts anglais an Soudan el Ic drsir de s'assurei' une ni(*naee contre rKgy[»te neeessiteni une [K)lili(pi(* d'inter- vt'nlion en Klhiopie: en tout eas, (|U(dle (pie soil la fornnde ehoisi(\ iuie inlervc^ntion dans les affaires d'Kthio[/ie ne serail jamais hon niarelie. Nous i)r()[K)s(»r rinternationalisation de TEthiopie. coinnie on nous deniande ((dlr d(* TangiM*. esl rn soninie avouer iin niaiupie des nioyens mili- laircs suffisards |)our s a|)pi-opri(M- une* ivgion ou un pavs. e'esi /'galenuMd es[)er(*r (pie e(^s nioyens mililaires seronl. en fin de coinpte. fournis [)ai' l(» Noisin (d le voisin (MI res|)(''re. rr s(*rail la France (|iii d('dienl la s(»ule Noie prali(|U(^ de ]m''ih''- liation en Klhiopie a\(M' le jx^i dv Djibouti el le cheinin de fer, ipii \a jus(]u'a A(Jdis-AI)eba, la eapi- lale (le I \l)\ssini(v La France ne saurail. sous juirun |)r('de\'te, >e lais^er cidraincr dans pai'(Mlh^ aventure: ell(* na aucuue ar'i'ier(»-pensee \is-a-Nis d(* ri^lhiopie el (dl(* la [)rou\('', puisiprcllc iTa |)as hesile a eons- Iruiie un rlicniiu (l(^ fer dont 700 kilonu'dres soul ♦Mahlis en tcrritoire ('dliiopien. Flh* souhaite plu> <]uc nullc autre [aiissanee \()isine voir* rFthiopic prendre un d(''\ rlo[)penienl [M)liti(jU(* ct eoinmercial rapid»v car le rlicniin de fer el \v j)ort dr Djibouli. en pi'ofilcront larg(Mneid. Mais ell(» sail a (|uelle catasliophe elle exposerail rKlhiopic cl les i[d(M'(Ms fran(;ais en abaudorniani sa poliiiipH' palient(* el lilxM'ale. F Abvssini(^ osl un pavs d rtcudur conNiib'rabliv a\ant uru' population assc/ dense pour rAfi'i(|ue. Iiabilee par une race des |iIun auciennes (pii \il sur un sol (jui la uouriil lacilernent. ilr peuple d'a'M'icuiteurs (d de soldats. cluvtiens a\ ant nous, (pii s'enoi'gueillit d'avoir doniK' des rois a FFgypte il v a six inill(* aus (I pien ne saccoiiniKHlerail pas dun pouvoir central a la sold(* de^ nations (*ui'o[)(''erun*s. Si (^(U'lain> chefs, plu^ axides d'ar;jenl (puMle paliio- tisine. se laissaienl (irronxenir. le reste de I (*rn- pii'(* enlrei'ait iiniiHMhahMiKMd dans un ('tat d'anar- chie (pii n aurail phis ri(Mi a en\ ier a letat d(» tnnibles (M de guei're ci\ile(]ue Ion pent conslntcF' en Arabie.cn Mt'^ofKilaniii'. el dans Idrn d'autre^ lY^ijions. I/Flliiopie- an riuitraire a bes(Mii dune pf^riode d(* calnie (pii perinelle an Kas Tafari d affirnuM" definiliveinent son auloril('^ sur tons les grands chiefs el ce resultal. (pii n'esl pas loin d (Mre alleinl, scMa ac(|uis (Fautant plus rapidenn'nt (pn* l(*s [)uissane(»seur<»p(''enn(»s s'ahsliendronl (l(* t(jut(^ inlrigu(* avee certains Kas de Fenipire. C est Faide la ni(MlUMii-e (pie les puissances (Mii()p(''ennes puis- sent apporter a FFtliiopie pom* le inonienl et c est la uuHliode (pii sera la nioins couteuse et la plus rapidenuuit efficaee. Pour faire plus largenuMil appel a Faide de FKurope pour Forganisation el F(Mpn|)einent de son imys. le lias Tafari doit jouii' dune aulorib'^ incontcjstee (d toule initiative pieinatiiie(» abouli- rait ine\ itablement a [dongei* a bref delai le [)ays dans un(* anarchie ineinuaiite i)oui' les lolonies voisines. Qui serail alors a|)pele a letablir Fordn* (»n Kthiopie/ Fes plus nVents ('*v(''nenienls. (mi Furope. out inonliv (pie la polili(pH' anglaise (dail d(''|)oui'vue de lout inoyeii (Faction sur le continent el, pour la nn'Min^ raison. celte ukmik^ politi(pi(* anglaise^ a faibli depuis un ((^'lain leinps sui- tons les p(unls dans les i)ays (jue Fon apercoil a I hori/on des plaleaux abyssins. l/llalie ne paiail point non plus en iiH^sure (l(* coiu'ir. a I heure |)resenle. des axMilures loinlaines. (lelle IA( lie s(M'ait done encore le lot de la FraruMV l)(*>aiil d(* |)ar(Mlles ('»venliialit(''s. notre attiUide n'esl pas difficile a detenniner. notre politi(pie (1(mI (Hi'c vis- is de FLthiopie. < e (prelle a ton- jours ('de, uni* politi(pie de boiuie \(dont('* et d(* fernnd(''. el (die doit r(*ster d une facon e( latantt* a F(''cai't de toutes les eoinbinais(Mis (d intrigues ('plu'iiu'res (|Ue la crise g(''n('M*ale fait gernier dans les esju'its. Fors(pie les ('•( lianges coniinei'ciaux reprendi'oid en Furope. FFthiopie lu^ rester;i pas longtemps a lecarl de ce inomeinent nous verrons ininie- (liateinenl la pr'os[)('*rit(* r(»\('iiir che/ (die (d noire (dnMiiin de fer (d Djibouli en iM'indicieronl ^i nous n(» r(d)ut(Uis pas h^ commerce el le transit (Ml [(Mir imposanl. dans notre port de la (y)t(* des Somalis. d(*s taxes et (i(vs dioils toujouis plus lourds (d |)lus nonibi'eux, comme le font craindre les tendanc(*s dr FAdministralion Noti'e situation dans eidle |)artie de rOnesl afri- caiii (d de la Mer Houge. (*sl aussj nidle (pie fa\o- rable (d (dl(* ne |)eul ipu* s'ain('dioi'er encore si nous ni* la laissons poiid eiilainer n\\ c(»inprom(dtre en nous associnnt a la |)oliti(pM' de nos Noisins. (loniinfM^ par les diffi( ultT'^ si s(''rieiis(\s de Inn* crise coloniale el conniierciahv Fll Uil I- Mil Mil -( il')!!;. il j I III I JYi III JTfTTi iTi i i h I li 1 1 in 11111111111 1111 ii i iTi Ti i nTi 1 1 i'l iiTi I'l Nous accepterloiis avec reconnaissance les listes de noms pour la propagande que MM les Adh6rent8 voudralent blen nous adresser. rriViTiTrrrjTTvrrrTTTTn M JH h rrTrrrrrTnTiTiiTnTriTrr^ -^ * A •mmm BULLETIN I)U COMITE 249 L'Bspagne au Maroc ET LA QUESTION DE T ANGER LA SITLATKKN l.NTKIliKl'IlK La revision des traitds. — La liquidation de la oampagne. Nouij avoiLs deja signale la tendanci* qui se ma- nife^tail chez oei tains dcs inenibres les plus actifs de la Liga Africanista a creer uii iiiouveiiicnl d'opinioii en faveur de la revision des trailes franco-espagnols. Jus(ju'a present, cette preten- tion n'avait ete enoncee que dans des conferences de propagande; elle vient de i'etre au Parlenient et le (.iouvernenient a ete aniene a donner son sentiment sur ce sujet si delicat. Les discour^ prononces au cour^ du voyage presidentiel, a Rabat et a Fez, ont servi de pre- texle pour poser eette question qui, trfes proba- blenient, forniera, avec la revendication de dan- ger, le fond des aspiration^s espagnoles. Uii profesiseur de droit international a TUniver .site d'Oviedo, M. Sela Canipil, est veiui a Madrid donner une conference sur ce sujet des traites, h lAcadeniie de Jurisprudence et I.egi^lation. Son point de vue est le suivant : de I'exanien critique des trailes, il rasulte queM Rspagne exerce au Ma- roc un sous-protectorat, une sorte de sous-lo(*a tion des droits de la France. (A)ninie On le verra dans les textes des discours prononces a la Chain- bre de.s Deputes et au Senat par M. Sanchez (iuerra, le Gouvernenient espagnol nie I'existence de ce [irobl^nie; pour lui, il y a deux these«» une these fran^aise et un<» these e^^pagnole qui a pour elle d'interpr^ter fideleinenl les trailes : le Khalifa (le letouan jouit de tons les droit.s et prerogatives (lu Sultan, niein(* dans Tordre religieux, sans aucuFK* limitation ni encore moins dimiimtion. Pour* le (k)uvernement espagnol, il n y a (h)\\r pas lieu de proceder a une revision des traites. puisfju'iLs liberent I'^ution espagnole de toute tu t(*ll(» genante ou seuhMuent inortifiantt*. II y a tout d(» meme une coincidence enti(» les [)artisans de la revision et le gouvernt^menl royal: c'e.^t la proclamation de I'existenc^e d'une diver gence entre les points de vue fran<,^ais et espagnol (»t, par consequent, dun (M)nnit. Fes partisans de la revision disent que ce conflit denote un elat (Finimitie entn^ les deux pays; le gouvernemenl soutient que la divergence est (ompatible avec les relations amicales. Et c'est ainsi que Fopinion es |)agnole se trouve saisie d'un nouveau probi^me (jui depasse i)our elle la portee dun debat juri dique, el met en jeu I'amour-propre national, rv [)uissant facteur qui tient tant de j)lac(^ dans j'his toire de no« voisins. En mem(» temps, le comte d(» Homanones et le mar(piis d'Mhucemas, pretendants a li surces sion de M. Sanchez (iiieira, prodament la nece.s- .site, I'urgence meme dune collaboration franco- espagnole au Maroc en appuyani leur desir par des coiisideratiorus qui sont du ressort de la poli- ticpie generate. Nous voyons done se dessiner deux couraiits, ► II faut prevoir d'autres in- (idents de <'c genic, car il est bien evident que la campagn(* (pii duit' drpuis dix mois laissera (Faussi mauvais souvenirs chez rv\\\ qui y pri- rent part (\\w chrz ceux (pii v\\ suivii*ent de loin, convent avec angoiss(» et decouragenient, le^s p(^ri- peties deconcertantes. Fa li(piidation nc* sera sans doule |)as ti^rminee lorscpi'on aura decide, h Ma- drid, la fin dvs operations... Un Important dlscours de M. de Romanones Fe '.»t) avril. h* comte de l\omanon(*s donna a Seville au theatre San PVrnando, une conference sur le p!(>l)lem(* du Maroc. Fa salle du th^Atre ('»tait remplie bien avant Theure a laquelle M. de Homanon(\s devait prendre* la parole; et a Madrid on attendait, avec impatience, larriv^e des de- [)eches rendant (ompte de cet evenement. Fa cu- riosite etait generale; M. de Romanones avail de- clare, quelque^ jours avant, dans les coulc^rs de MHil >> <>' *86 bULLfitlN t)tJ COMITfi I;i Chanibrc Hes Deputes, (jiTil oxposerail k Seville Tuniquc solution h donnei an problfeine inaio- caiii. M. (Ic Hoiuanones, r(>iii[)ant uiie tradition (|ui veut que les orateurs espagnols pailent d'abon- dance, lut sa conference. II avail voulu indiquer par 15 qu'il ne laisserait rien a Tinspiration du moment et n'apporterait h I'opinion que Texpres- ^lon d'une pens6e murie dans le silence du cabi- net. Vn prubUine de vie on de rtiort. I.e comte de Romanones comnienfa par decla- rer qu'il consid^rait le problfenie inarocain coiu- nie le plus important de toujs. (( Le Maroc est un problfime de vie ou de mort pour TEspagne. » (Vest un problfeme, e\pliqua-l-il, parce qu'il nest pas possible d'abandonner la position occup^e par TEspagne de Tautre cote du detroit, et aussi parce qu'il est impossible de continuer dan.s la voie sui- vie aciuellenient. Toute la conference fut domi- nie par cette id^e : ce qui a et6 fait depuis 1909 n'est qu'un tissu d'errem^ qu'il faut rectifier^ un chaos dont il faut 8ortir. Avant d'entrer dans I'expos^ critique qui absor- ba les trois quarts de la conference, le comte de Romanones exposa sa pens^e snv la n^cessite de la perman(Mic(^ en Africpie qui est exigee, h son sens, par les traites (pje PRspagnt* a signes, par l.i nc^cessite de ne [)as troubler le statu quo de la Mi^diterraiuM* (XH'identale et encore* j)ar le fait que la c6le marocaine (vst [)()ur rhiS[)agne <( la fron- tif're vrairncMit vulnerable ». M. de liartianimes de/Ktrire Irs erreurs cornrniscs Deux NIC ►yens s'offraient, dit-il ensuite, k I'Rs- jiagn(» pour remplir la mission qui derivait du trait(^ (le I()f:) : la penetration militaire et Taction politifjue. «< Nous avons pr^fere le premier pro- cede; nous avons k peine essaye le second. » Rien n'a He omis pour faire de Tindig&ne « un enfiemi irrt^luctible, m (juelque chose comme une IkMc fauve que nous aspirons, seulement, a detruire >». ()uel a et(^ l<* re^ultatP « Apr^.s dix ans d'action militaire ositions; a {HMue le soleil a-t-il disparu, avaot nienie qu'il ne se couchr, ct»tte domination appa- rente ce^se et ce sont les indigenes qui, conunc* de© oiseanx de nuit, sont les v^ritables maitri'-^ (le tout. » M. de Romanones enon^a ensuite les laisnns <|ui intei'disent (pi'on continue cM^tte politique. D(*s •> >.r>68 kilometres carries, i').ooo restent in soumis et il a fallu (li\ annees pour dominer Ics autresf 10.000; il faudrait dowc un effort (^gal fi celui qui a etc fait [)endHnt douze ans pour ter miner la pacification. On a de[)ense deja plus de trois milliardis; le sacrifiet* est tout a fait di^pro portion ne avcn^ son object. T.e conf<^rencier traita (uisuite (]r rinstauralion du rf^girne de prf)tectorat dont il est nn partisan dtfcide; il it^connuf (pTon a\ait oppos^ h son d6- veloppeuient une resistance passive, alavique, et surtout que, par incomprehension de la psycholo- gic du Marocain on n'avait jamais eu de poli- tique indigf^ne. « II est hoi^* de doutc que, nu^mc dans les regions ou nous vivoiKs en apparentc amitie avec Tindigene, il nous est hostile dans le fond, il n'a pas conflance dans TEspagne, il nous regarde avec mefiance et, comme le fauve dompte, attend la plus petite negligence pour sc Jeter -sur nous. » M. de Romanones voit une des causes principales de cet etat d'esprit dans Tab- sence d'un regime de la propriete respectueux des coutumes, et cita I'exemple do ce que la France a fait a cet ^gard. Comment se fait-il, se demande-t-il, que la pr<5- dominance de Taction militaire ait 6te mainlenue, ^ alors que les gouvernements qui se succ6daient au pouvoir declaraient leur preference pour T6ta- blissement da proteclorat? C'est qu'ils rencon- trerenl une resistance passive, non prem^ditee; qui ne put Hie vaincue a cause de Tinstabilitd des gouvernements. « Chaque jour, nous enten- dons affirmer que la predominance de Taction politique s'impose, mais qu'on ne pent y penser, qu'il ne serait pas digne d'y penser, tant que Tin- digene n'aura pas re(;u 1(^ chatiment definitif ade- quat aux actes qu'il a realise^s. » Et c'cst ainsi que (( la guerre d'usure cofflinue, une guerre dans laquelle tombent tons les jours, sans ghnre, des douzaines d'hommes dans des corv^es de lavitailiement et des patrouilles imposees par la nec(«site de prendre soin du nonibre infini de positions et de blockkaus 011 s'immobilise el se disperse Tenorme contingent de notre corps expe- ditionnaire )>. M. de Romanones propose, pour remedier k cet etat de choses, qu'on donne la direction des operations a TFllal-Major Central cpii devrait etablii* un plan et en assurer la mise a execution. La reorganisation ne doit pas s'arreter la. Les gouvernements et en consequence le Haul Com- missaire, sont influences, conslala-t-il, par les n)ouvements de I'opinion, ce (pii amene, pour eviter des pertes dans les rangs de^ soldats penin- sulairos, k abuser des troupes indigenes et du Tercio Stranger, ce qui abaisi^e le moral du soldal espagnol; d'aulre part on e.st amene souvent a avancer ou Yetarder une operation pour des rai- sons politiques et des condits se [)roduisent tMitre le commandement et les ministeres d'Ktat ou de la riuerre. M. de Romanones i)roposa, pour obtc- nir une unite de direction et [jollier aux incon- venienLs pr^citds, la creation (Tun ConseU d'ac- tion du Proteclorat rattache a la Presidence du Conseil, forme d'honunes eonq)elents (pii assu- merail la tache d'orienler la politi(pie au Maroc. De sorte que, suivant la formule de M. de Roma- nones, il y aurail un Conseil sjijx'rieur charge de donner des directions dont la mise a execution serait faite sous les ordies din^cts dc TEtal-Major Central. L'orateur declara, ensuite, (pi'on ne devail pas s'imposer. pour la realisation de ces reformes, un delai di^lermine et (pTon de\ail se fixer d'abord v ' '^ . .k t '»•■,■■* V -f" '< .. , /r >,''-^'.. -^-v. v.'i DU L'AtHlQtJE IfllANCAlSE l5i line rigle de conduite. (( Je crois, dit-il, que nous avons la capacity iiecessalre pour r^soudre; niais ei la demonstration ^tait contraire.... que faire? » . wr • La question dea effectifs fut au^ai pos^e par I'orateur, qui estiitia qu*on ne pouvail oontinuer, pas m^me une minute, les proc^d^s actuellement employes : a Plus on avancera dans les lerriloiyeji iii^oumiift, plus grande sera la n6cea«it6 d'augmen- ter les contingents, si on ne veut pas oourir le risque de perdre en un jour ce qu'an aura mis des uiois et mfime dei ann6e§ k oonqu6rir. » II se d^clara partisan d'une limitation inflexible de Taction militaire. (( A bref d^lai les contingents actuela doivent fitre r^duits des deux tiers. » Mais il ajouta, att6nuant ainsi Turgence de la mesure qu'il proposait, qu'on ne pouvait retirer ces troupes avanl d*avoir assur^^ la sauvcgarde du terriioire doming, sans les avoir remplac^es par une aruj^e coloniale coinpo«6e d'engag6s volon- taires. < ' " '. ■" •- -■- ,• J ■ y Les relations franco^espagnoles. ■ ^,. " . ^ •■■.*■-,.■.■. Voici maintenant le passage de celle conference ou il est question des relations franco-espagnoles. « J'(»siime aiis!^i qu'un dos facieurs indlsp€nMibles des iioiivelles directions qu'on doll suivre e«t de sc faire une idiM' cxartr de cv q!iV«t le Protect prat eepagnol en rapport a\eo le Pmtecloral total du Maroc. Je Mis bien qu'il ^rA diffh'ile d*arrlvor mir cv poinl h une uimnimite dan« Tappre- citttion; mais la n^ceaslt^ est tellement evldente que ru^rne ccux a qui repugne Tid^e d*une inlclligenoe avoc la Fran^'o lie peuvent »*y refuser, bien que cela l«ur aolt d^sa- ^r^able, ccmvalncus connme lis doivent rfetre que o'est qiielque choae qui est ini^poa^ par la fatality g6ograpliiq'ue et contre quoi on ne pent lutter. * ' t « La fone du Protectorat eapagnol repi^sente moina de la vlngti^nie partie du territoire total du Maroo; toule la zone eipappiiole est encarcl^ par celle qui forme le Protec- torat fran^4iif. De plus» comme nous sommei bom^t d*un c6t6 par TAlg^rie, nous sentons tout le polds de oe puissant liomaine qu'est un Maroc civilise; et par-dessus le ma.rch«^, (*omnic iii cela nVtaH pas assez, Tanger internationaii;^, Tanger sc tronve au milieu de noire ione» la coupant netle- numt en deux, le Tanger de nos ardents d^sirs, ce Tanger ou nous sommei bien loin d^^tre, non pea lea mattres, maif^ ni^me lea premiers. a Notre presence definitive au Maroc derive d'un Traite pass^ avec la Franco apr^s que la France en eut pass^ un, dircetenient , avec le Sultan. Ce Traits dit bien clairemenl, sinon dans la lettre du nioins dans son esprit, que rceuvre h r6aliaer au Maroc est une cpuvre de oollabo ration entre la France et rE»piigno; il d^finit que les droits de cbacune des deux nations dans leur zone, sont egaux, les qualifiant loute* deux dans 1 'article a5, de proteclrices. Cela m^nie nous ini|K>Ae la nt^cetsit^ de marcher d ^accord et Jusqu'k present Tapcord s^est r^duit k de simples formules de ooiir- toisie, car en n^alit^ nous avoni ^t^ et noul continuons k Atre dos h do*. ^. ^ u La France affimie k chaque Instant, et ce sont des voix a u tori sees qui le disent, que la fone espognole fut le point de depart de toutcs les attaqucs qu*elle subit durant la grande guerre; que son ennemi implacable Abdel Malek cat en territoire cspagnol oh 11 cherche un refuge et d^oii il prepare ses expeditions et ses rebellions. Nous autres, de noire c^t^, nous pensons qu*4 tout moment et sp^cialement dcpuis juillet dernier, nos principaiix ennemis ont trouve dans la zone fran<;*atfte sinon de la chaleur et une protection de^cidee, au nioins une b^n^vole Indifference. Apr^ dix an 8 d 'action do rF>pagne et de la France au Maroc on n'est pas arrive a la collaboration ni m^nie k une intelli- gence, ni m^nie a une simple concordance dans les op^ra- ,tions niilitaireu des uns et des autres. L'Espagne rcnon^it k op^rer dans le sud de noire mnv lorsoue noire pawivit^ pouvuit favorir^er les rebellious d* Abdel Malek; et la FrilKt declare qu'elle iic feru aucun effoit |H)ur dcjniincr le m^nie territoire du c'6Le de sa froiitifcjo, pieci»euicnt au moment od cela nous »eiait le plus utile pour couper la retraite de Kaissouli et 6Ublir la conununiailioii catrc Chechaouen et Kl Ksar. n On ne pent continuer ainsi. II est uccrssaire de piovo- quer une explosion d^^elaircii^enicnts, de *inc^ritc des deux cdt<^8, pour trouver le ciment bolide qui a son assise seulenient dans la verite ufm qu'on cdiiie sur sa bu^t et qu'une intelligence s'^iablisse cntrc les deux iialionjj, in- telligeuce qui eat la condition indij^pcnsable du succfes de Taction au Maroc et de I'application ioyale du protccloi-at ». Les conclusions de M. de Rot)ianones, Avant d'airiver aux coiicliisionii M. de Uoraa- nones offrit en exeniple ce que la France a fait au Maroc, «ur un territoire de Soo.ooo kilonifetrei carr^s, avec une arm^e de S5.ooo homines, alors que TEspagne a port6 le contingent de son corps exp^ditionnaire a plus de i5o.ooo honune^ nt une arm^e coloniale; cettc mesure devrait <^tre elendiie aiix offlciers. R6organifl.alion de TEtal-Major Central poui* qu'il puisse asaumer la direction technique de Taction militaire. < Creation dun Conseil d'aciion du Protectorat, ratlache k la Presidence du Conseil et de caractere consultatif. Fixation par les Cortes de Teffort financier h realii^er par I'Espagnc, satis ([u'il soil possible de Taugmenter. Limiter Taction aux territoires (\\\\ environnen! Ceuta et Melilla, jusqu'au moment oii Taction civilisatrice aura fait son c pour empecher (jniine autre fuiissanir nr s'installe, en face des cites espa^nolo^, siii It' littoral africain, Ce discours ne repondil f>ns lout a faif n cr qu'on attendait. On avail cru fpj'il pourrail cuoir -V' >^ ' i ■ I < ■\ I I >'i 4 . ii£jti:!!!.^d.A^^£^'^,ti! ^.A.'.tm.'Ji 'Jjt iV jU 'Ibl iLt A d^ t \: 4 ^.W^ik.l. „, ♦' ^. -/ i *.. l._- • ^l—.-* . ..^^W^A^. jM U2 BULLETIN DU COMITE (fes c()iii>eqnence8 poiitiques iminedialei8, certitins iiu^.ine elaieiil alios jusqu'a pmloi dv crise ininia- ti rielle. S'il li'a pais eu toute riiiiporlaiice qu'on ra- (oiiiplait quant k la politique iiilerieure, on iie saurait en dire autant pour la p()liti(|ue exterieuie, snrtout en relisant le passage consacre aux rela- tions franco-espagiioles. M. de Roinanones condainne iniplicileniejil latlilude de ceux qui reelanient rincorporalion pure el simple de Tanger a la itone ospagnole, de re Tanger dont il dil : << nous soninies bien loin iVyj etre les niailres ni nieine les premiers ». Kn revanche, il revendique I'egalile des droits ct prerogativevS pour I'Espagne et le Khalifa dans la zone ospagnole et de ceux que le Sultan et la France ont dans Tautre zone, mais il le fait en uiaintenant, au-dessu^^ de tout, la nece^sit^ d'une parfaite intelligence entre la France ct FEspagne. (>tte attitude i^t evidemment concilianle et on doit souligner (ju'elle concorde parfaitement avec celle de M. Garcia l^rieto qui preside aux des- tiiiee^ de la coalition lib^rale. AU SKNAT ^interpellation Maestre \a' I (J avril, M. Thomas Maestie depoisa au Senat, ^sur h* j)robl^me marocain, une demande d'interpellation dont le president du (A>nseil ac- cepta la discussion immediate. l/orateur laissa de cote Taspect inilitaire et aborda Taspect diplomaticjue qui devait faire le fond de son discours. JJ commenfa par declanM cpie les interets e^pa- gnols etaient en contradiction, en lutte, avec les ifiterels fran^ais. Ft, pour en appoiler la preuve, il lut au Senat des informations publiet^s par l(*s journaux de Madrid et par I.e Matin sur les dis- (•(Kuvs prononce.s a Habat ci a Fez par le President de la l\(^pul)liqu(\ l(* Sultan, le marechal Fyaut(^y et le geju*ral HerengU(*r. (( ( ;'('sl-i^-(liri', <()n< liil-il, que !«• Pivsidrut ilc la Hrpii- hliqiie voisine, pour qui jc ne siuirais avoir trop {\r respect, afiiiriK' a HV/ que ir << riDtcctorjil >• r^l fpiinvnis vi (jue nou'^ Hvons sru lenient, au Maror, u nne zone d'influeiire ». (f Done, si I'empire du Ma roe est intiing'ilile, si le Sultan ne pout d6l<^giicr sa repr«'.Heritation reli^ieiine et si nous ne somnies pas dans le I^roteelorat, quelle repreJKTitation, !]ueIU' signification jM)M\()n'<-u<)ir" en Africfue ? (l<'ttr (|ue8tion fst int^ressante, tres interessiinte, et si le Presi- dent du C^jnneil et le niiiiistre d'Ftat eroient er)n>enaMe de fnire uiif declaration qnelconque a vv sujet, le pa>s jeur en Hia reeonnaissant. Je \ais, nuKleatcmeiit donner nion opinion nuii-^, aupannaiit. il roiir qu<' nous pui^sions exposer noire opinion 8ur les l)ases fixes. )) M. Thomas Maestre hit la (in du tele^ramiiie envoye le i"^ AoiU i()ii par M. Jules Cambon a M, de Selve^s, dans le hut de demontrer que le (( nil mot protectorat etait une « pure fiction » heureux ». Et il ajouta : « Dans eetle situation d'anibiguite rt de tencbres oil on ne sa^ait pas ce qu'il arrivemit au Maroc le lendeiimin, il nous est indispensable de retouruei a la source d ou sortiL le Tmite de VJOi. N'oublions pas que nous. avDiis une 4)inie, en plus de Tamiti^ avec la France. Cette an lie, c'est I'Angleterre, I'Angleterre quj dans la declaration de IxDiulres de igoi, article 8, eut bnf6rence a Londres, pour traiter de I'affairc de Tanger, entre la France, rE8pag:ne et rAngieterre. Nous devons y porler notre demande el que, la, tons ces points obscurs, anibigus, du probl^me maroonin qni nous niettenl en Afrique dans une situation presque precaSre, soient eclaires et tranche "5. » uvons cxinscntir, que nous ne pouvons tolerer, rexistenee du Traite dc 1912. En 1912 (je dois iri rendre cvi honiinage a MM. (Lanakjas et Garcia Prieto), en 191 1 et 191 2, ces deux hommes publics espagnols JuU^rent comme des titans pour d^fendre les droits de noire pa trie ainiee, |HMir jx)Uvoir obtenir le Traits de 1913. M. Garcia Prieto qui fut celui qui intcjvint le plus activenient dans tout cela avec M. Perez CabaUero -et M. Go[]Ziilez llontorivi, r|ui [)n-lereiit une aide si pn^cieuse k Paris et h Madrid aux gestions du gouvernement, eway-^- rent k plusieurs reprises d 'obtenir une modification du Traits de 190/4, C4ir nous nous trouvions sans moyens mal^riels pour exercer notre action nulilairc et presque dans le cas que les instructeurs fran^ais entrassent dans notre lone }>our ^ organiser les forces du ^ultiui; et t'est pour cela qu'ils vuulaicnt iiKKlifier, n'-forrnir !«• Traite de liK)41 C'etait la garantie de la France et nous dOimes arriver k rvUii de 1\)V2. II est elaii ijur T \iiglit.Tre devant qui, trfes souvent, nous pres^^ntdmes nos demaudes, a cette ^poque de Kjia, ne pouvait nous eeouter; il ne iui ^tait pas powible de nous ^cout^^r, C4ir I'heure decisive s'approchait pour elle, I'heure terrible de la guerre, el elle devait tout sacri£.er \ la victoire. Aujourd'bui le nionde s'.st deja reveille, THii- manite conuneme a vivre une noiivelle vie, les nations eurofx-ennes sonl en tutin il.- s( icf.iirv vi nous ne poiiwons abaiidonner noire droit traditionnel sur le Maroc au milieu de la rue : eniportons a Ix^ndres les Trait^s et tout sp^cU- lenient celui de 1912; denon^>ns-les et demandons ce quf nous revient en Afrique, non pas seulenient Tetroite band* monUigneuse, sterile et abnipte (juon nous a laissee dans le INord j)our que nos soldats y Inttent et v perdent leui sang. « Mai^ sur quoi allons-nous nous baser pf)ur poser avec decision une question aussi grave que e^lle-la ? Dans Koul ce que nous ;,vons f;nt en Afriqnr duranl les demi^rea annees du x.x^ sierU- r\ .iurant W ^^^ ]rs interns fran^ais- nous onl barre le (bemin, sans p,.,drr un moment ni une ^ occasion. Le traite du Muni et Wm de Oro, dont je veux dire que j ai le protorole eutre les mains, est une des roeil- Icures pieuvcs de notre opposition avec la France. „ M. Thomas Marshv hit ,,„r srrio (Je documents ospagnols (jui, a son avLs (Irniontrrnf que dans » :^%_-« DE L'AFEIQUE PKANgAISE 153 ce Traits de 1900, TEspagne perdit la (juinef t*t la Maiirituiiie. Voici sa conclusion : (( Ainsi uiK* (les regions Its plus fertilcs de TAfriqu** qui vtait i\ nous, dv par dr^ Tniit^s que nous avi<).ocx) kilometres c^irres de conti- nent africain en Guin^e, i'Adrar Tmaz et le commerce du Sahara inf^rietrr. II n'y eut pas moyen d*avoir raiimu de M. Delcass^ et noul restAmes cantonnes dans le Rio de Oro avec le droit de passer par le desert pour elabiir no-Ire coni- ineree avec les regions centrales de TAfrique. II y a plus encore, dans ce traits du Muni et Rio de Oro, on fit faire un detour ^ la ligne de demarcation pour que l«s salines qui se trouvaient au dedans du m^ridien 21*30 fussent laissees a la France squs le preteiLte qu'elles ^taLcnt trop eioign^es de la c^te et que nous n'avions pas besoin de seK alors qu'elle le n^cessitait pour le betail de ses nationaux ei proteges. Le sel, conime le savent MM. les Senat^urs, est la monnaic du desert, c*est avec le sel qu*on fait les achats dans certaines regions du Sahara. Et bien, c*est ce qui nous arriva dans ce malheureux traits du Muni et Rio de Oro en 1900. » L'oraleur passa eneuite k ce qu'il appelle le si^ge commercial de Melilla, prenant la question en 1 844 apr^ la bataille de I'lsly pour arriver a protester contre le Trail6 d' Alger du 7 mai i go-A et rinslallation de marches siir la fronti^re al- g^ro-marocaine dans les termes 8uivant8 : « Ainsi nous pourrons tr^ bien all6guer k noire con- ference de Londres que, par cette action nee des Traites d 'Alger de 1903, la France nous a prives d'une importante situation commerciale au Maroc et qu'on nous en a prives non par une concurence commerciale, ma is par des entraves et tlifficultes qu'on nous a oppos^es, en se pre^alant de riniluence sur le gouvernement maix>cain. » M. Thomas Maestre examina en«uite la •question des missions militaires auprfes du Sultan et hit des documents du Livre jaune sur le di^barque- ment h Larache et Tentr^ k El Ksar du Capital ne Ovilo, terminant par le t^legramme circtilaire d<* M. Cruppi, du 20 juin 191 1, k noe representants diplomatiques a Tanger, Madrid, Londres, Berlin et Rome : (( L'acte de la remise de noire note finale est leve, ot la note est 1&, au pouvoir du Protectorat de la Fi*anre au Marcn . (>ucl sera notre sort } C'est ce qu'il faut dire et discutor et je prie tous ceux qui dirigent des forces politiques — je (Tois qu'ils ont Tobligation de le fajre — qu'ils mani- festent leur opinion. II est n^cessaire d'aller k Londres, (Py d^noncer les TraiU^s, de deniander notre part int^grale de TEmpire au Marm-, celle qui nous correspond pai loi d 'he- ritage, parce que notre histoire nous y oblige el que nous avons le deroir de la r^clamer; exigeant, de plu«, d'avoir les mains libres parce que nous n'allons pas r4>mmander au litre d'un Protectorat exerc^ par une a^itre nation, con- s<»rvant seulement la zone d 'influence, des fleuves de sang et d 'argent qui sortent du peuple espagnol, pour conqnerir aujourd'hui une pierre, dcmain une position, enauite un arbre et ensuite recommencer. Cela ne pent pas ^tre : nous devons fttrc au Maroc dans des conditions d'aisance et de clart^ pour pouvoir y exerccr notre action. Et maintenant je vais abordcr un point int^res^ant et je desire que la Chambre m'^coute bien : Le Traits de 191 tj. Comment fut fait ce Traite ? Le Traite franco-espagnol sur le Maroc de 1912 est une consequence du Traill franc^- allemand de 1911. Et bien voyez comment se fit le Traite franco-allemand. Le ao novcmbre 1910, le crofseur fran^ais Du Chayh arriva dans les eaux d'Agadir et son couimandant fit une visite k ierre. L'Allemagne r^clama et de« conver- sations diplomatiques s'engag^rent entre rAllemagne et la France sur ce point et sur la constnaction des chemins Oe fer marocaini. » M. Maestre hit ensuite le telegramine de M. Cruppi a M. (Jeoffray, du i5 Juin 191 1, et d'autres d^peches sur le nienie sujet, envoy ^es durant le mois de juillet et les premiers jours d'aoilt. R^pondant alons h une interruption de M. (Jar- cia Prieto qui lui avait demande de dire ce que I'Allemagne avait fait en faveur de TEspagne, il d^elara : « L*Allemagne ne fit rien pour nous; 11 faut le declarer. File ne voulut m^me pas 6couler les protestations de notre ambassadeur a Berlin. On ne nous ^couta pas k Paris, mais non plus k Berlin. Nous ne fAmes pas ecout6s. Non; PAlle- magne ne fut pas notre amie. Notre amie 6tait I'Angleterre avec qui nous avons plus de sang conimun qu'avec aucune nation depuis le Moyen Age et plus d 'histoire commune qu'avec aucun peuple de la tene. « II reste k examiner la question de Tanger. EUe est tr^'s etendue et fera Tobjet d'une conference particuli^re ou d'une interpellation, un autre jour, si la Pn'sidenre a I'amabilit^ de me Taccorder. » M. Maestre termina en exposant longuement son point de vue sur ce que devrait fitre Taction de TEspagne au Maroc : pacifique et respectueuse des coutumes. ' R6pon86 de M. Sanchez Guerra Le president du Conseil, M. Sanchez Guerra, repondit immediatemenl a I'interpellateur. Voici le passage le plus important de son discours : (( Aspect diplomatique. Ce qu'est notre situation en vers la France. M. Maestre, comme il est naturel (parce qu'en le faisant il seil une conviction et remplit un devoir tou- jours avec discn'tion) a commence par dire qu'il admire Ih France, qu'il reconnaft tout ce que signifie sa repres^^n- tation dans le monde; mais qu'il entend que nous avQn!< Irouv*' et qu'il cniint que nous conlinuions k trouver, dxi c<^U' de la France des obstacles dans le libre developpement de notre action politique et militaire. (( Le (iouvernement ne partage pas cette croyance et il a des raisons de ne pas la croire fondle. On lui a fait, r<''<*enun«*nt des manifestations autorisees sur des naturellrs cooperations de caract^re spirituel et de surveillance que nos (iouve^nements doivent appr^cicr pour venir de la part de la noble nation fran<;aise. M. Maestre signalait quelque chose qui he lui paraissait pas clair — ce qui ne veut pas dire que cela lui paraissait ^tre obscur — dans les n'ccnls discours prononces a I'occasion du \o\jif:<' de rilluHtre President M. Millerand dans la lone friini^aiw; et il ilisiiit quelque chose qui 6tait certain et qui (^tait present k la memoire du Gouvernement et plus encore k celle du President du Ck)nseil des Ministres qui suit ces affaires, comme c'est s(Mit lid mettle eette unite tloiit on parl€ parce que la loi (oi?. celui qui s'ass«H>it iei et vient d*iippliiudir Teffort de rKs|uigne pour acconiplir sa inis- siofi diins cette eone du Maroc qui n'a que s<5.ooo kilome- tr«'S fiinsi que vous venez de le din*; celui qui a manifeste (ju'il faut mettre ternie hien vile, aiit^int qu'il depend du ^'^oiiverneirient, a la siii^nee que rFnpii^ne a au cAte et qui rst altentif a ce (|ue I'esprit puidic na ces8«» de prolegi»r et (riisssister avrc son eii('o\irag«'inenl notre campagne, ne pent ^lie, vous le cf>niprendrez, partisan d'arf^randir la £()iic int^rieiire de notre influence augmentant en nit^nie U'lnps riniportance des siuiificis, M. Mac'sire repli(|iia, revenaiit siir *sa th^se oufl voulons pins de Maroc pour TEspagne parce qii<' ( 'e*t notre heritage ii^gilime et que re qu'bn nous a domic rst iiisignifiant et que nous ne pouvons nous cont«*ntcr (11111 Hcnihlabie legs et qu'il n'y a pas d'autre moyen que dc U' drniander a qui peul nous le donner : k i'Atigleterre ». Aiinin s^natoiu n'ayant drmand^ la paroir, It' ptesidenl declaia que rinlerpellalion etait tor ininee. A LA CHAMBHE DES DEPITKS L'lnterpellatlon Sarradell I-p '25 avril, ii la Chamhre d(^ Deputes, (oin- nien^^a la discussion de Tintfrpellation depo8r(» [>nr M. Sarradell, d(^put<^ eatalan, cpii fait partie du groupe de TUniou rnonarchisle et est affilie au parti d^niocrate. INiur M. Sarradell, oomine pour tant d'autres piu'lrnientaires espagnols, le probl^ine niarocain i»st le plus important de tons ceiix qui pr^occupent ropinioii. l.a j)renu^re partie de son duscoups fut con^^a- er6e h Taspeef international. M. Sarradell eon daniiia la politique des traites qui sont, dit-il. oomme lei anneaux dune ohnine qui a limits I'liotloi) tipifnola «n Afriqut. tf Eti oette limi- tation des droits par les Trailes ^ tvsl i)reei86e dans eeu\ de lyo'i et 1912, » Piu^i loin, lorateur dit : « La France, cheque fob qu'«|Je a traite du Maroc avec d'autres puissances, a pos^ coBBJne question pieulable que, dans aucun cas, dies ne [HiuiTaicnl intcrveiiir ni conUy^ler les negociations que THspagne entrepreadrait au sujet du Maroc. La France coupa nos relationi* avec le Sultan ct c'est ainsi, qu'isoles diploniatiqueiiient, , nmi* avons c^d^ un jour et puis nn autre jusqu -a ariivei, conmie )€ Tai indique k la situation act ue lie. >» ''. (( Le d^veloppenient politique des Traites et des relaiioQS diplomatiqucs se poiirsuivit et irinnombrables publica lions franyaises exaniin^ient nos droits dans le rrotectorat du Maroc et tout cela arriva k son point ciilniii»ant, ainsi erne M. Maestre I'a exposd au S^nat, duraat le voyage de M. Mil- lerand k Fei, Les discours de Lyaiitey et )inmi*jyiire, cnnvaincu et, a mon sens, dfius je vrai, disait a M. Millerand que le« des- seins de la Providence avaient mis le Protect oral du M»roc entre les mains de la France «t de rKs[>agne; rnnis M. Millerand, siiiis se soiicier de hi t*i<»vi4lcnpartieiit ;i lii Kniiicr rt qiM* rKs|)Agii<* a une xone d'influence. Pour ( oiicri^ler tout ceUi, eonune si ce qui avait ^t^ dit n'eUiit ]>as suriisanit. le p-nend Lyaiiley appela les joiirnalistes et, n 'inula nt pas vdre priKlenee, leur nianifesta clairement la veiit<^ siii* ki politique el sur les operations militaires, disbud qiielqne eli(»se d'niie enprme gravite : « Je n'ai fws int r.rlU iiuuiifestation est essentiellenienl coutraire aux Traiir-s pun c que la Finpee ne peul pas laisser tianquilie, a jtriori, lis tiibus dans s<>o essence, sa lettre v\ sou esprit au Traite de njij. <( Mais M. |e President du (-on^iril. (-ornniculaut ce point au Signal, a dit k p4Mi pres rrs mots «( ( > soul deux th^se? connues : la tll^se franvaise* «t la ikMi^ ; les deux compati* hies avec I'anntie. » ('/est r>ipagnol9, qu'amiti^ veut dire sulK)rdinatir)n d'inti^rAt*, ces oiir nous c'est line tb^se et pour le gouverneiiHrd fr;in<;'ais ( 'est une r^- lite et cette realite (ju^il j)ialiqiM ii #11 sa manifestation jusque dans le Trait<^ de Versailles. (> (pii se rapporte dans le Traits de Versailles k notre p^diliqiM- nur(Msiine est bi«n connu, et on connalt bien aussi la pir»|rriti(>n d^^ |a Fmncc qu'il soil applique dans notre xouc J<> ( rois cpie, sous certains aspects, Ih France a niison. rii.iis ]r discule main- tenant seulement le jK^int de vnr dp drviit H ( es articles du Traits de Versailles, qui nietleni en jujilique eelte concep- tion dc la dominatif-n complete ati[>le avec Pamiti^ et In C(X)rdinalion d'int^rets. u Je ne crois pas qu'il y ait (piplqu'im qui m'avantage, qui me d^passe en amitie non jui^ ^nperficielle mais intime ni en admiration v^^ritahle k ce qup la Prance a de fradi- lionnel et 4 h politiqut coniUntf, mtli io aroii qu'txm polltiqua dharmonif cntrt )| Pranct #{ P|i|NifAt na • . » I > « DE L'AFRIQUE PBANgAIBE va 3)iourra e-tistcr que lorsque les probl^mee »e poseroiit aver iinr albs^aliie sinc^rit^, lorsqu'il ii'y aura pas dv troinp<»rif« ^HiiMs Iffs n^gocia lions eronomiquee, lorsqu'oii inspirera in\s •I lai pre8is« des informations tendancicuses, lorsqii'au Manx on- nuissant du niant les droits historiques de TEspagne, con- hacres aujourd'hui par les Traites; c'est la quelque chose qui pourra ^tre plus ou nioins regrettable, mais dont je u'ai ni le droit ni le devoir de nroe<'up>er, parce que ce scrait alisurde que nous iiiiputions au gouvernement fran- vuijs la responsabiliie de telle ou telle propagunde ou asser- tions faites dans det^ livres ou discourt^ par ceux qui appar- tienneut a ce groupe, conniie il serait absurde qu'on nous rendft responsables de ce qui se dit ou ecrit chez nous, duns notres presse ou dans des discours de meetings et quelquefois au Par lenient, de contraire aux int^rt^ts, aux sympathies, ou a des antecedents de la politique fran^ise. « Je vous dis que, tout en donnant a la thfese fran^.aise sulvant iaquelle la France exerce le prolectorat sur le Maroc, Timportance qui lui est due, la tenant en compte, mais la Uiissant de c^te, rejetant aussi oette autre aspira- tion a I'unit^ religieuse de TEmpire, que, ainsi que je I'ai dit au Senat, nous ne pouvons pas accepter parce que le pouvoir religieux, chez les Marocains, coinporte une chose aussi essentielle k la souverainete que Tad ministra- tion de la justice et parce que nous devons soutenir notre Khalifa investi de Tautorit^ et des attributions que le Sul- tan Mouley Youssef a dans ia zone fran^aise; je dis que nous avons ^entendu plus (Pune fois soutenir cette tb^se avec tels ou tels arguments, mais que nous Tavons cons- la mment repoussee et je la rej>Qusse de ce banc tr^s claire- ment, commp nous Tavons repoussee et la repoussiTons dar^s toutes les n<5gociations engag^es k ce propos. Je ne puis admettre rinsinuation que vous avez faite lorsque vous demandiez si on avait fait une r^claniation k cr sujel, ni cette autre qui a et^ faite aussi ailleurs, de porter uolr4» reclamation devant telle ou telle nation. (( Non, non ! L'Espagne sure de son droit, cerlaiiu' d'avoir raison, s'appnyant Bur les Trait<^s en vigueur, n'est \nt^ arrivi^* si has qu'elle ait besoin de p^'rsonne pour le main- ten ir, car elle jouit dans le monde de la consideration k Ia- quelle lui donnent droit non seulenient son histoire, mais aussi sii situation pr<^sente, ce qui rend inutile, pour de- fendre notre droit et notre raison lorsqu'ils apparaiss4>nt si clairs, de faire autre chose que de les maintenir avec tonte considerdtion et respect envers la tlu^'se adverse, mais aussi ave( un respect profond pour notre situation interna- tionale et notre caract^re de nation qui n*a pas besoin d'autres aides que celles de cette raison et^^ ce droit qui I'assistent. CVst ce que fait le Gouvernement et je n*ai aucnu inconvenient a TaffirnKT avec toute la clart^ et sinceritr que vous me dernandez et que, jf le crois, la Chnmbrc reconnallra que j'ai apportees dans cette affaire. Le d^bat sur la lol dos r^compenees On se souviont qu'une des consequences du mouvenient des Juntes iiiilitaires de 1917 a ete le vote dune loi qui souniet li la ratification des Corlt'^s ravanceiTient au choix dci^ officiers. M. La Cierva, alors qu'il (^tait encore ministre de In guerre, presenia un projet de loi, dil de.s re compenses, qui coniprenait un tableau ofi fign- raient de nombreux officiers eornbaltantjs au Maroc. La discussion de ce projet conimenta en decenibre dernier; elle ful arn'^tee iinmMiati^- inent apr^s un discour« du depute socialiste M. Prieto dont nous avons rendu compte ici. I^e projet resta sur le btireau de la Chambre des D^put^s. II vient d't^tre repris })ar M. Sanche? Guerra et on s'e^t aperpu, de suite, (jue le temps n'avait pa« efface* les difficultes qui s'opposaient a son approbation. Dans Tesprit du public la question des recompenses est intiniement li6e a odle du rMpontibilitit tt U fult eit, qu'auiiitdt ^ * "A • > u 1' A> r 4 * - I n - .1 ,« I . 1^^^^ ■•■afcaMaala^ai^te .JL^A^ 256 BULLETIN DU COMITE (|u'<>ii pai'U* (l';i vaiu*4*iiirnL <'n siiscit*' autt>mati (jueiiient uii d^bat siir \v i/'sultat dv V(*i\i\nC'iv i\\n flit (H)iifhV an general Picasso v\ sue les ksaiic* tions i appliquer a cv\i\ (\\i\ nr snit'nt pas rvittM* reffondreiiUMil pp<^6os a lout aiiln* avanct^iiiciit l( diienl n'glr par I'aii- cieniiet6. On coni[)rondra (pi(% darus; cvs conditions, la (liisciission dii projet La tlierwa, lepris par M. San- chez (juerra, soil l(»nte ct Ic plus souvent penible. lei encore se reproduit le ph^nom^ne general (111 d^*sir d'une licfuidation qiii^ contrecarre la dif- ficult^ de proc(^der h cette Biqiiidation, sans ris- quer de soulever de.s probl^rnes qui enveninu^nt encore un peu plus une siluhilion deja fort dasa- gr^able. Un plaidoyer du Vleomte d'Eza Le vicomte d'Eza, qui etait rainistre de la guerre lors du d^sastre d*Anoual, a fublie dans Heraldo de Madrid y deux longs articles uii il a expos^ st»s opinions sur le problf^me marocain. II repousse i^galeinent, la thtNse d'une art ion rnilitaire ener- gique et veiigeresfie et celle de I'abandon, et marque sa pr^f^rence pour une (ruvre d'aitrac- tion dans laquelle Taction niiliiaire ne serait qu'un adjuvant. II reproduit, pour demontrer qu'il a toujour^ pens^ ainsi, le inefnoire qu'il redig(*a, en 1920, au retour du voyajs^c cju'il fit alors au Maioc, (M)iiun(* niinistre d(^ Isi guerre du cabinet Dato. \ II se declare partisan de la jicrmanence de TEs- ])agiie au Maroc, inais a la condition qifon nc* prf^teiide pas all(M trop vite. Cette doctrine ne cojricidant guere >. On voit a quels euphernismes e^st cD-iitraint le niinistre de la guerre d*alois. poui se jiistifier. M. le vicomte d'Kza ne crm\ pas (pj'on piiisse faire une difftVencr entre rotcupation du litoral et celle de I'int^rieur. II so- se|)aie done dr M. Maura. II se contenterait d(^ la consolidation de la domination sur h^ terrilrnres actuellenicnl occupe^ et renoncerait aux ('iitr(q)ris(^s (Muitre Alhucemas. II n'esf done pas non plus d(» I'avi^ (h* M. Cierva qui lui succeda am mini^tere dr hi guerre. II n'est pas partisan dn maintien dcs effectifs du corps exp^ditionnadie et sc rallie k la I fornuih^ dune armee s[)eciale conq)osee (fen- gages volonlaires. La depense actuelle lui senible iiLsouleiiHble. L'ancien niinistre de la guerre examine ensuite le probl(''me dans tson aspect international et il conclut (pie rimportanl jiour rLs{)agne est de renforcer sa puissance navale : « Avec des bases navales et viur escadre nous scions un facteur dans le Detroit le jour dun conflit iFdernational et le Maroc pourra nous servir de point d'appui pour cett(» force maritime. Sans bases navales dans la peninsule ni dans les ports marocains et .sans escadres cpii les uniss(»nt, le Maroc, au jour dune guern* internationale, ne nous sera qu'un embarras parce qu'il nous obligeia a nous con- yertir en belligerant^ et a nous (*ntrainer dans des luttes que nous demons fuir. Le probh'^me, par consequtMit, avant de se resoudie au Manic, doit avoir une solution dans la Peninsule et, pour cela, I'ordre de clas^sification d(\s probl^mes nous auK'^ne a nc ])as penser a alter au Maroc sans passer par le littoral de la metro[)ol(\ la 011 nous devoiis nous embarcpier, assurant noire base avant de paitir )>. Cos considerations sont la [)aitie la plus inte- ressantt* des declarations du vicomte d'Eza qui en vient a deniander (pie son pays s'assure dabord la domination de la Mediteiianee occidentah* avant de penser a asseoir sa domination au Maroc. Cette nouvelle thcVe fait pendant a celle du Maroc fi'onliere strategi(|ue lance«» par M. Maura. On nt* [KMit s'empecher dc trouver etrange que M. d'Eza, (pii (»stiine (pie la chafg(» financi^re qui p('*se a(*tn(dl(*m(»nt sur le budget a caus(» du Maroc est tiop lourd(\ r(^*V(* de base^s na\ales {)uissantes qui seront beaucoup i>lus couteuses. LA sniATlON MIMTAIKE Une liquidation difficile II est un poird sur le(|uel on pent dire (]u'il s'est fait une (piasi-iinanirnitt'* : il faut en finir. On se souvi(Midfa (pie, d('*s \r uiois dr Janvier, le comte de Homanones. g(^n(M;deFnent plus p(M's- pirare (pie les autres bornnies politiipies de son pays, I'avait proclame : riionneur des arm(*s (*s|)Hgnoh*s t'tait sauf, disait-il, TEuiofx' pouvait regarder I'Espagne sans (pie le rouge (le la hontt* niontat au frord de cette dei fU('M*e: il fallait done nieltr(* ternic a unr nction nnhtaiF'e ipii epuise le Tresor pnhlic et (hangei radicalcment de pro- c6d(\s (Ml appli(piant une politi(pie de pen('»tration parifique. La fornnde ('tail heuicuse et toiit le monde sen empma; aujiMudhni on s'en dispute meine la [)aterrnte. Lllc pouvait, celtr formnle. justifier la liquidation diuK^ carnpagne dout on ne fM)uvait attcndre de mcillcurs n'^sultats puisque Teffort maxiuunn (Vnvoi de plu< de i,jo.ooo hom- ines (^t (l('r>ense (piotidiennc de -r.rv Dana le secteur oriental il reate h r^duire Raia- souli et k dominer Bent Aroa, avant d*6tablir le« rideau le long de Gomara; il faut assurer la liberU^ de communication's entre Larache, Che ohaouen ei Tetouan. On verra plus loin que cettt* o|>^ralloh eat blua p^nlbk quon ne Tavait cm bien qu'on y alt employ 4 ^.doo hdmme§. , L aocunxulation dea deceptions prodult une sourde irritation dana la p^ninsule et auasi dans Tarm^ el fait que la liquidation d^sir^c apparait ohaque jour comme plus indispensable, et diffi- cile. I/inefficacite des enormes contingents mis eii action et de movens mat^rieis bien aup^rieurs ;\ Ai TBA7IH} Dl L/^ QUBMAA Li PcBLic : Ass^s ! Aasez I ;. c (Ae lAherlmH). "^ J « ▼^ '. • . x . ccux qui ae sont employ^a dans la zone franfai^e. est trop patente pour ne pas dtre irrilante. Ce qui est pis encore est qu'on ne peut expliquer cette inefficacite que par dea conjectures tou- jours d^plai^antes pour Tamour propre national qui eat ai d^velopp^ chez nos voisins. ^ II eat hora de doute que le aoldat eapagnot pris individuellement est auesi brave qu'un autre et peut-^re plua endurant. Lea offlciera aavent mourir; le^ lii^lea d^ pertea le prouvenl sqcabon- damoient. Que ae paaae-t-il done? Oaaemble Stta d'accord aujourd'hui, en Eapagne, pour recon- naitre que Tarm^ p^ninaulaire eat impropre ii ■ U j^ueH^fe au Mdroe et (Ju'll faul ^th^t nti corpa spi^cicll bomptiafi d'ehgclg^a vOlOntalreS/llain, oh (^ bieh forc^ de recuhnaitre dn^l eM impOaaJbk' d'jmptovlaer une arui^ colonlale. 8i oh en <3roU c^e que M. de ftomanonea a dlt dana aon r^eht discOura de S^llle et ausai lea recila des op^ra- lioha quo lea journaux publient toiia lea jours, « ce aont toujouni lea nienie« qui ae font tuer ». Ce sont le tercio Stranger, lea r^guliers indigdnea et lea bataillona de chasseurs; les autrea, lea « ex- p^ditiofinairea » oornme on les appelle, ne aont que Ir^a rarement engag^. On en arriverait done k mettre cH mouvement 20,000 homnies comme on Ta fait conatamment dana le aecteur de Ma- nila depuia aout et comme on le fait actuellement dana la region de Beni Aroe, pour n'avoir que Iroia k quatre mille combattanLs. Ge ifkii explique qu'on entende si aouvent se nianifeater la (^rainte de voir un 6chec relative- uient peu important se Iranaformer en un nouvel Anoual, U se paaserait done ceci : lea trouper de choc sont encore insufflsantea, d'ou la n^cessit^* de lea appuyer par dea contingents peninaulairet*, maia si on fait avancer un regiment, on croit indiapenaable de Tappuyer par un autre pour le I'a^aurer et ainai de suite jusqu*^ arriver a cea deploiementa qui rappellent ceux de la grande guerre, alors qu*on a en face de soi un ennenii dix fois moina nombreux. Cette agglomeration d'effectifs auaai Aleves sur un terrain relativement restreint expliquerait aussi les difflculti^s qui se presentent toujours au moment des replis, aloi^ que lea Marocaina harcfelent leurs adveraaires comme un essaim d'abeilles. II ne faudrait pas croire que Ton ne comprend pas k Madrid et au Maroc nn^nie la n^cessile ur- getite de rectifier ces proc^dea, de sortir de cette situation, de liqutder, en un mot. C'est Taspira- tion de touf*, mais la crainte de voir se r^p^ter le d^saatre de juillet est phis forte, d'oii ce flotte- loent, cette incoherence, ces contradictions entre la pens^e et sa mise en cruvre.... N * LHS OPI^HATIONS Ml LIT AIRES Dant le secteur occidental ^ La prise de Tazarout. - Au milieu d*avril, la position de Miakrella. situ^ k 8 kilomMrea environ au sud-eat de Che- chaouen, fut attaqu^ par dea indigenes de Go mara et de TAjmas dirig6e par Bon-l>ahia. On a ^valui le chiffre dea asaaillanta k 800 environ; ils diaposaient d'une piece de canon. Alors qu'ils s'efforcaient d envelopper la position et que la gamiaon commen^ait k 6tre en difficulte, le cohv nel Saluquet arriva avex* une colonne de ren- fort, enveloppa k son tour les assaillants qui ISch^rent pied en laiaaanl ir>o cadavrea aur le terrain. ^ Apr^s la prise de Dar el Kebdani, Je g^n^ral Berenguef se rendit k T^touan pour diriger lea ■>>*■. s /■ .' •« '^ * t -. * v." , r • .-> ••s ^-^ ■> ^ - t t-- . y: ■ -* .\ » * L^^^i^J i II a A Mt m\f I '' *^.^^t. I'ltliili iii'f !■ rii "Mill -^' -^ * ■AiMkidMtei '^ ' ' ■' ■■'"-■ -^^^ \ 458 BULLETIN DU COMITE (li;niiers jjrepaialifs dc la rt^piise do roffciisive coiitiv iluij$8ouli. On se soiivieiidia (jiie celtc op6 liilioii allail coininnici r au iiionifnt on 8(* pro- diiisit r(»ff()iidn'iii(*nt dr la coniandancia de jMelilla ft (pi'ollf i'ul uii coiiiiueiiceinent d'execu- tioii an riiilieii du iiiois de deceiiibre dernier. Le .>7 avril, le f^eneral Beieiiguer -envoya du eaiup de Soiik el Jainis de lieni Arcs un coin- iminique pour aniioneei 7, \o avions bornbard^l(Mlt le massif de Heni Aros. * Le« forces en [)resence 6taient : du c6te espa- gnol, 3o.ooo hommcs di vises en trois groupes : l(» group(^ (le ('eula eantonn^ h Souk el Jemis, le groupe (\v Laracbe masse a Messerah dans la region de I'efer et le groupe de 'IVtouan qui couvrait Cbechaon.oof) c ombattants. Le '>8 au matin, les lr<)U[)es ma.ssees a Souk el .lemis (*t a M<\sserab entrer(*nt en action. Le groupe d(» (Vuta paitit de lk)udir ofi se porta le general lierenguer precede de I'etendard roug>^ du Makbzen. II elail divise en trois colonnes Lji zone (le li^'iii-Aros {hU fjhrtiil] L'offensive etait dirig^e contre Tazarout qui devait (Mre enveloppe. L(^s tioupes parlies a 6,4r> de matin furent arrelees presque tout de suite par la resistance' des montagnards sur les posi- tions de (India Heixar, ( India St^lecca, Tabunin et Crete d'Aaman, toutes procbes de la ligne des avant-postes. (^)uatre nonveanx blockliaus y furent bfitivement construiLs et les colonnes retourn^rent a Souk el Jemis. On s(^ battit toute la jonrn^e. L'artill(»rie tira (i.ooo coups de canon. Le grou[)e de Laracbe, (pie comrnandait pour la commandees par les generanx Manzano et Mar2o, le colonel Serrano et le lieutenarit colonel tie cavalerie F^onte. 1^ /oiu' (tc liciii-Ai'os • pr'emiiMc fois le general Sanjnrjo (pii venait d(* reU^ver le giMiiMal BarrtMa norirmc* sons-secrelaire d'Klat a la (in(Mr(\ par III de Messerah v\ rtMicontra tout de suite nrre resislanci* o|)inialr'e. II He put d('*passer Feddarr ^ ebel (jui se lrt)irve a (piatre on c'iiui kilonrelres de la ligne de d(''[)art. Feddan Yebel dut etrc (Milev/' a rassaril [)ai' les regulieis indigene^s de Laraclie (jiii y [)(M*dirrnt beaucoup de morrde. Le eorrrbat dura toute la journee et les troupes ne regagrirreni \v canq) de Messerab (pi a la toridxM' du join*. Dans la rinit dn 'S, le minislrc^ d(^ la (Juerre (lonna le coiiimuriiipK' sni^ant : H (lormne je I'ai iuinoncr a \. K. de inon posL* de commaridcmeril de |{<>udii\ les for'ces de la t'omaiidaiK ia de (.ciilii c»rd alteird ton^s les objec tifs (pii a\aieril r\r pi ealablement fixes sur la ligne de parhtge drs eiiux dn .letaby et du Deixar. Les forces di\iser^ r\\ trois colonnes, sous les ordics dn g('MirMal Marzo, colonel Serrano et lieu tenant-colonel Poritc el sons le c(*mmandemenl (In g<''ii('iiil Man/aiio. sc son( balln(\s comnie ton jonrs. La (^valeric s'est batlne tr^s brillammenl avec^ la tr ibn dc Sonrnata (uii (Mail sortie en masse a sa r(Micontr(', essaxiint, siiris donte, de couper nos ( <>mmnnicati(»ris. L;i (olonnc Serrano, avec an- tant de conragc, ;» cornhalln rontr(* les chefs les pins fanali(]iievi c| agneiris (\v Heni .\r(Ks qui, avec lenrN gens el les fn\ar'ds des tribu^ soumises, ont (''h' elioisis par Haissonii poiu^ garden soir dernier icfnge de Ta/aroul. rpi'ils def(-ndent avec line energie extraordinaire. La pluie a emptVb(} Faction de ra>ialion, mais la precision du tir de noire ailillerie et (]r noire infanterie (^t Lintre- pidilt' i\c nirs troupes oril porb' a Lennemi un i'-Z v> k". .'vnv - DB L'AFRIQUE FRANQAISE 259 coup terrible. Dans le lerriloire de Laraclie, on a ooCLip^ aus8i les objeclifs de Feddan Yebel et Beiii Soliman contre une grande r&sLslance des Kabyles d'AjniavS et de Beni Sidel, tr^s bien ret ranches dans un terrain difficile, nialgre quoi, grAce 5 Fadniirable tenue des troupes indigenes et penin- 6ulaire«, parfaiteinent dirigees par le general Sanjurjo et ses ofliciers, on a vaincu toute la resis- tance, infligeant k rennenii un dur chStinient, bien que le brouillard ait rendu tres difficile faction de Tartilleric et de I'aviation. » Ce communique lyrique ne donna pas satis- faction h Topinion. Les rAsullats annonc&s ^taient trop in^uffi^ants et encore ^taient-il^j exag^res puisque Beni Soliman ne fut pris que quelques jours apr^s. Le niouvement qui devait amener renveloppement de Tazarout et la jonction des troupes de Larache avec cellos de Geuta ^tait h peine commence. D'autre part le bruit se r^pandit k Madrid que, si on avait peu avanc^, on avail subi des pertes tr^s importantes, plus de i.ooo homnies, disait-on. Le 3o, les journaux public- rent un communique annon^ant la suspension des operations k cause du mauvais temps et le ministre de la guerre dtelara qu'il y avait eu, le 28, 58 tues et 3o3 ble^ys^. On n'accorda pas grand credit aux affirmations officielles, El Ini- parcial fit observer malicieusement que les tem- plates coincidaient souvent avec les offensives et init en relief la disproportion existant entre les masses de troupes et un 6norme materiel de guern* qu'on n*avait jamais vu dans cette zone et Tinsi gnifiance d'un advei^aire dont il fixait Teffectif k 5».ooo combattants envirt>n. InformacionTs publia les lignes suivantes : <( Les renseignements (pii nous viennent de Tetouun sont reellement terrifiants. L*objectif du g^n^ral Berenguer — atleindre Tazarout et prendre Raissouli — n'a pu <^tre atteint et cependant on a offert en bolocanste a cette tentative infructueuse i.3oo hommes )>. Pour la premiere fois, El Sol qui avait toujours d^fendu, envers et contre tout, le haut commis- saire publia un editorial ou on lisait ce qui suit : « Le general Berenguer cemble agir comme s'il (lis{)osait de Teternite et des tresors des l^tais- Unis d'Amerique. II ne semble pas se rendre compte des difficultes nationales ». El Sol deman- dait qu'on cherch«1l imm^diatement <( un bomnie qui unit k la connaissance des affaires maro- cairu^ celles d(^ affaires espagnoles, un homine de notre mentalite qui lorsqu'il a c^ faire une operation sache I'expliquer avec des pan)le8 que nous puissions comprendre, cpii inspire confiance et qui fienne compte de I'importance du temps et de I'argent. » , Pour donn€r une id^e encore plus complete (iu d^senchantement produit par cette infruc- tueuse journ^e du :>8, nous apportons ici le t^moi- gnage et les impressions du corre^pondant de guerre d'^. B. C, M. Gr^gorio torrochano, qui n'esl certes pas suspect de malveillance envers le general Berenguer et son opuvre. Voici ce qu'il ^crivait du camp de Souk el Jemis le 2 mai, sur Pop^ration du 28. <( Get effort et ce sacrifice inulilcAS ne sont-ils pas desesperant-s, (pihiid bien mc^me ils seraient couronnes par le succes? D'autre part les nouvelles ne sont pas rassu- rantes Kn resuuiC, il est certain que Baissouli (*st decide a se defendre jusipfau derniei' moment et, conime un sanglier trouve toujours un refuge dans les bois et leis cavernes, lorsque nous en- trerons dans Tazarout, il s'en ira dans quelque giotte ou il vivra comme un fauve cerne mais indoinptable. » A peu p^^s en meme temps, le general Beren guer declarait cpi'il croyait i\yw Baissouli s(» refu- gierait dans le sanctuaire de Djebel Alam qu'on ne pourrait violer sans courir le riscpie de pro voquer la gueri^ sainfe. II y eut en meme temps un incident fort cu- rieux : deux journalistes MM. l^uiz Albeniz et Corrochano, de passage k Tanger, le ^1 mai, emus par la lecture de la D^peche Marocaine ou ils avaient pris connaissance des commentaires faits par la presse madril^ne, envoyf^rent an president du Conseil un telegramme pour protester contr<» ce qu'avaient ^crit leurs confreres, affirmant que les 20.000 soldats espagnols engages s'etaient tr^s bravement battns. El Liberal^ Im Llberlad et El Sol releverent cette protestation. El Sol repon (lit que la presse madrih'^ne n'avait pas confomlu la bravoure des soldats et la mauvaise direction dv la campagne. <( Nous avons plaint les braves soldats qui out eu a subir les dures attaques d<^ lennemi et Pinclemence du temps et nous nous sonunes demand^s avec M. Gorrochano : N'est- ce pas desesperant? Kt ensuite nous avons lu (»t public la liste des pertes parnii les officieis (pii accuse une proportion tr^s elevee et aussi la nou- velle de la desertion (Pune barka amie qui nous a rappele Taffaire du Mont Abaran et les affaires posterieures. » ^ II faut aussi signaler b's mesures de riguem tout a fait extraordinaires prises (M>ntre les jour- nalist(»s qui etaient an Maroc et dont quebpies tins furent c^xpulses ou invites d regagner la [)eninsule et la prohibition de faire circulcr 'd'auti^es informations que les officielles sous Ih menace des peines les plus graves, ce qui ne cow tribua (^videmment pas a diminuer Talarme. Du 28 avril au 2 mai, les operations furent suspendue^s. Le 2, le general Marzo occupa Dahar el Borda, position cpii domine l(*s vallees d<* Tv- latza, de Beni Isef (*t du Staj. G(^t objtMtif n'avait pu etrc atteint le 28 malgre les effoi ts faits poui* y arriver. Le 3 mai, le general Sanjurjo se porta a Beni Soliman sans rencontrer de resistance; il y laissa une4)etite garnison. Le ^ mai, il installa un nou- veau blockhaus plus k Pest. II y eut un nouveau temps d'airet jusqu'au S. G^ jour-1^, le gdn^ral Marzo ft le general Sai\~ jurjo partirent chacun avec une dizaine de milb* hommes, le premier de Souk el Jemis et le s(^- cond de Messsorali. Gette journee ful decisive. I^ cavalerie du general Marzo enveloppa les Marocains et arriva jusqu'a Selalen et les pre- mieres hauteurs du Djebel Bouhasen; le general N '•V t , • /■ N, ^ - # . ■' •< .- d^^^yitajMi^ ■M^MlAMI^ite mAMi H^iMriiMiiMiiMMillMliftii^ii * i. m'wtw^ 160 BULLETIN DU OOMITB Harijurjo reiiionta ver» le nord cliercliant le ci^n- hill avt'c soil coll^giit'. iwt^s pertea totales de» ll.Npafj^iioU fureiil dc ii tueg el joi bles86s. Du (V)li^ rnaroeairi les partes furent importantes, ll;uiiido el Succan fut lu^ durani le combat. A pariir de ce moment des fractions de Su- Miata et Heiii I»*ief coiiirnencerent k nianifeslei (le« dt^ins de BOiiiiii8.sk>n. Le cercle autour de Isi/.aroiit 8'6lait ronsidfirablernent r^tr^ci. Lc ^('ueial Bereriguer envoya iin com jii unique op tiiiUHle ofi il annoiiifait la prochfiine capture de j-^tiiRHouli, inai* dut, le «url^deiJiain, rectifier <'ii faisant pr^voir que le« troupes espagnoles ne Irouveraient pa« le c^lf^bre chef en arri\ant h Tazarout. Le ii, la ligne espagnole Stall marquee par les positionB suivautes : Dar Berdaa/Boudix, Rox, Cudia Easba, Haddadin, Selalen et Sidi Abderraman et un telSgramme de Tetouan an- uonpait que le g^n^ral Berenguer entrerait h Tazarout le i5>, pr^^d^ de L^tendard rouge. La jonction des troupe* du secteur de Larache avec relies du «ecteur de Tetouan s'^tail effectu^e «ur |(» versant du Djebel Boiixac. 1^ 12 mai, au malin, les colonnes^ commandoes pur les gOn^raux iSanjurjo, Marz-o et le colonel Serrano se mirent en marche, ellee envelopp^rent Tazarout ou le gOn^ral Marzo entr4k k peu prfts en ni^nie temp« que la harka de Larache. Leg Maro- c«in« offrirent peu de rOsiatance. L'avant-garde du colonel Serrano, compoft^ de riguliers indir ^enes de Ceuta et dun bataiilon du Tercio Stran- ger, flit la i^ule a ksoutenir un combat un peu dur, an courR duqurl fut mortellemenl blessS le lieutenant-colonel (ion/alez Tablas, commandant du tabor de Ceuta. *- Le general Berenguer lais^^a i^ Tazarout une import ante garni.son de qiiatre tabora, trois ba- taillons (rinfanterie. un bataiilon dii Tercio, deux batterie.s d'artillerie de jnonlagne el sept compa- gniej^ du g^nie, pour d(!^fendre la position contre un retour offensif de Raif«ouli qui, cDmme on Tavait prf^vu mai : (< Ponr notis — non«» l'ji\f>n<» li^jii <\\\ — In di^faiU* de Rais- ^aiili n'offrait aiiruii rio^ite. <>>rnmonl pdiivaiton <^tre {)e8- simiHtiH, eu vo>iiiil qiir Kaifiaotili arai< uupr^ dr liti i.Kix) honimej rt qiw 1« ff«'»nAr4l Bereag»itT ciiiipoAaK de 3n.ooo hommes d'nii** iHinjJirt'u»e arlilleric e\ ii'avions? Vn%\T ^chontr il aiirait f-illn le vmiloir... w (I <> qifi ^H imprnriiini, indiip^nMibk, nVtait p%» ^t'enlrer k Taeannit. iiuiis hien dp voir jh» reali»\en mal^n^ iine niissi rat^gb- nque affirmation — inexplirable rhez qui eonnatt ies Marocains — Bais8c>iili sVhI retire traiHjuillenieiit dans Je Djcbd HoubiiAaen. »» El bnparcial ne cuni pas que — romme Ta dit le g^ni^ral Berengnrr — RaisAouli ait ^l^ aban- donn^ des «ien« et il cei Irouve unc preuve dans L* r^istance qui (onliniie sur le^ flancs des nion- Ugnes qui (l(>ruinen1 Tazarout a I'e^sL (c Taaarmil. plar^* enlre deux montagriiK!^. domin^^ par elleS', lu; pent 4^tre cou^d^j^ oomme UA ol^ieciif mllitaUtf. Huiftsouli, qui Ta coiitpnn, k |>df poaiHon liaoa U vnau- tague voibiat' ♦I pendant qiJcHi Lel^graphie la prjae de Tazarout, les ^nierillas du clierif, apost^eft duns la mon- laj^ne, lin»nt a eoup silr sui les occupants de Tazuroul. En renlit^ il u'\ a pas de raisou de se s^ntir trte satiffaiia da vol/ oonimeut on conduit la campa^fne, et nu>jni encore dm «e rejouir des informations officielles qiu sont d^m^utiea auftsi vite qu'elles sont piihli<^es. » Dans le secteur oriental Le caluie > a regne depuis la prise de Dar el Kebdani. Le -^7 avril, le g^n^ral Cabanellais fit une promenade uiilitaire jusqu'i Afao et une incursion dans le (iuerruau. 11 y re^^ut la »ou- mission de noinbreux chefs des Beni Bou Yahi. Au d^but de mai, on signalait que les Marcv- caina canonnaient la position de Chaif gitu^ h mi-chemin entie Dar Drioua et les confina de Taferait et Dar el Kebdani, ce qui indique que la pacification ne s'^tend gu^re plu« loin que lea fits de fer qui enlourent les blockhaus. Le 4 mai, comme on avail not^ une certaine / agitation dans la region de Tafersit Taviation bombardait des petites concentrations d^c-ouvertea durani les vols. AUiucemass et Velez Les deux rochens espagnols sont rest& sous le feu des canons places par Abdel Krim sur la c6le - marocaine. 11 y cut mcme un moment ou la situation de Velez devint tres compromise, ce fut celui ou les Man>cain.s prii(»iit pied dans ITaleta. - petit rocher reli(^ par un pont dc bois avec celui de Velez; on envoya on hate un renfort de volon- t^'ires pris dans les rangs du Tercio efrang^er qui, avec la garnison tinrent Icte aux audacieux assaillants. La population civile d'Alhucemaa et - de Vcl(^z a et^ transportec h Melilla. El f^Miuii (le Vclt'z Les deux rochers siuil raviUille^ avac beau- coup de difficiiltes et Heulement la nuit. Riceaa- ment, le San-Jose. qui faisait partie dun conyoi pour Ylhucema* s'^ventra contre un rochcf ft ' « . . ^ . .< 2l. ^m * v<.'' -v-^i.„ -> - . I ' •■ji- DB L'AJBlQtE pilANCAlBE 261 couia; quanl S Velez on y est all6 avec des sous- marine pour Lire plu« silr de pouvoir y aborder sanu Sire canonn^. . • V - N. Les pHsonaldrs - IJne cenaure chaq[ue joui* plus rigoiircuse erti- pSche la publication de nourellrt des malhcureux compagnotls de captivity dii g6n«ral Navarro. D'allleurt, il est fort probable que, depuiu qu'ils ont 616 eramen^a d'Adjir dana rint^rieur, on n'en ait que de trfea ratea tiouvelles. L'offerwive priae par Abdd Krim conlre Alhu- Ccinas eat tetiue couper la relation entre le Rif et la place de Melilla. On vient de aignaler qu Idria Ben Said a 6l6 appel6 h T^ouan. Attend- on la fln dea op^rationa entrepriaea coritre Raia- souli pour reprendre le contact avec Abdel Krim ? ^ Lea parents dea priaonnlera continuent k de- mandier qu'on Icur permette d*fentreprendre des geations privfea, maia le gouvernement e'y oppose formellement . . . / - \ ' LA QUESTION DE TANG Ell tJn plaldoydr de M. de Lema :» Le marquis de Lema a public dans le dernier mi^ro de Torgane de la Liga Africanisla, la wista Hispano Afrieanay un article relatif au num^ro Revista Hispano Aji Statut de Tanger et k Texpulsion dea represen- tants diplomatlquee de rAIlemagne et de TAu- triche en igt/i. ' Les ctplications du minislre d'Etat en 1914 ne sdnt peut-4tre pds, autant qu'il le croit, un ren fort k la th^e du rattachement de Tanger ft la zone espagiidle. M. de Lema pretend laire de rhistorre alors qu'll ne fait qu*un plaidoyer pro domo sua; mais le document qu'il apporte servira, lui, ft faire de rhifiloire. "* Void une traduction de Tarticle de M. de Lema : '::' , - r ' - « J'ai depose p4'u h pru mos souvenirs (ians oetlt* fiuche sans fond que sonl les archives dc la secUon du Ma roc du Minisi^re d'Etat; U sent les minutes de iant de notes diplo- matkjues, 1^ sont les notes des discussions amicalcs sout<»- nties en 1913 et 191/i pour k r^daciidi du SUttil avec ces deux « caballeros » accoinf>lis, \^ repr^santants 4^ la Grande BreUgne et de la France qui s^appekient M. Ceol- fray et sdc Axthur Hardinge. rt L'evoi^ation de ces tlonis m 'amine k me souvenir de quelqtie chose qui est de Thlstoire en m^me temps qu'une r^ponse k ce (|iie les paladins du colonisme fran^ais ont repandu dans les revuc^s et lea journaux. QuelquefoiA j'y ai fak allusion dans mes discoin^ proiionoes devant les Chambres; cependant aucune occasion n^esi tneill^ufe que la pn^nte pour raconier dans le detail ce qui, k mon sens, ne doil pas ftre oublie, afln qu*UDe pffure d*ainH|e et un servi<'e rendu aux nations co-auteura du projet de Statut tang<^roi» ne se convertisse jjas en une armc conlre le« droits de I't^spagne. « Quellei impreaeion^ r^velllent ces souvenirs ! Quel H6 que delui de 191 41 Inoilbliable pour tons fnais bien plus encore pour cdui qui ae voTait au minist^fc d^Etat en face du spectacle le plus terriblement grandiose; de notre ^re et des situations ^iptomsti^ues les plus conipliqu^ qui se soietil pr^sent^^ k notre pays^ ail molns defniis bien lofigten^ 1 El ct|>endant, chacdn ii sbn po«te et k cha^[ae moment k sa lAdie, sir Arthur Ifardinge et M. Geoffray se reuiiissaient avec itioi rapr^s-midi du i^ aout. Le i*' aoOi ( Lc jour ou TAllemagn^ avait d^clar^ k guerre h la Rus»ie 1 Nous nous r^unisstons dans mes appartements de TH^tel Reiiia CrisUna de Saini-Sebaslieu pour terminer, mettre ; la dernlfere main au projet de Statut. II me fut difficile de ^ convalncre les journalistes que tel arait ^l^ le motif de noire longue reunion; et cependant c'6tait absolument cer- tain. 11 est compi-6hensibIe que toute la s^r^nit^ de Tam- bassadeur anglftis et tout ce que Pidfc de son devoir iui- posaii k Te^prit jprofond^ment affects de M. Geoff ray ne pouvaieiit eAip^cher que les senUments qui nous ^trei- gnaient tons n'tjussent pas, k certains moments, une ex- pressioii vIve et ardente» iHste et pcinee chee d'autres. « Mais le Statut fut achev^. Une lois qu*il aurail ete apptoUVi par les gouvernements, les trois nations uui-aicpit remnli leur mission relativement k Ta^enir de Tanger. La notification ^ux puissances signataires de I'acte d'AlgesIras devait naturellement vcnir plus tard. « Mais Thomme propose... Quelques jours aprfes, M. Geof- fray, avec qui J'etais en communication constante, plus in time qu*amicale, me communiquait que son gouverne- ment, interpret4int la presence k Tanger des ministres alle1ti4ind et aulrichien comme un grave danger, jugeait ettrSftleltient convencble leur expulsion, mais que rien He se feralt sans noire consentement, pui»que, ainsi qu'il ^tait constant et notoire, tout ce qui se falsa it k Tanger jusqu'au moinent d'instaurer le Statut, »e r^alisait en constant accord entre la Prance et TEspagne el avec r&pprobaiion de TAii- gleterrc- Quelle surprise devait produire, k ceux, qui roii- naisflaienl le regime pratiquement applique k Tanker duntnt plusieurs annees, d'entendre apr^ la guerre exposer des theories et des pretentions si diff^rentes ! Alors, je lc r^p^tc, tout se redlisait comme dans une sorte de condo- minium qui permettait en fait ce que TinstauraliQu du Statut aurait converti en regime de droit; c*est-4-dire la solution facile et k Tamiable de tons les conflits qui da us la vie d'une vllle comme Tanger etaient constants et indvi- Uil^les. Les difficult^s qui surgissaicnt entre les colonics, principalenient par Taction dc quelques agents officieux, trouvaient dans Tatmosph^re plus sereine de Madrid el dc Paris leur aplanissement amu^l. - ail s^amoncelier sur la ville une obscure menace due a Tagitatiott des Marocains du Fahs, le gouvernement fran^is avail pens^ augmenter le tabor n* i de 5oo soldals de Tarm^e terrltorialc et il nous invitait k incorporer k notre labor le mAme nombre de soldals. Kn cons^qtMnce, on avail donn^ ordre, an com- mandant general de Iviirache, d'envoyer ces honunes cii les prenant dans I'lnfanterie de marine j>our que les indi- genes de noire tone n'ai«'nl pas I 'impression que nous retirions des troupes. Bien que, comme je vicns de le dire, les ordres aient et^ donnes immedia lenient, une plus ample d^tib^ation des trois gOuvernenients eut pour r^sultat de suspendre cet envoi. Enfln, la necessi!^^ de proU'ger Tanger conlre le soul^vement des tribus du Fahs s'impoHa; une veritable panique s'empara des colon it's ruropeenne^; mais alors ce ne furent pas des lrou|>e8 franco-espagnoles qui furent charg^c^ de contenir et chlti^'r les rebel les de la lone internatlonale. Ce furent les troLipes <'sj>i«gnole8 de la « mmandancia » de Larache qui, a In prh'^re dc^ represen- tations britannique et fran^i.^* k Tanger. appuyt'es a Saint- Sel)astien par les ambassadeur^ des deux n«ili^mr<, entrennl dan* la zone tang^roise, detruisirent la liarka de Salf et Ha man; la \ille respira et le g^n<^riil Si I vest re retourna imm^diatement dans notre 7x>ne. Ne }w»ra-t-il reste de ce *Tvice amies 1 el desinteresse, autre cliose que la tergiver- sation de oe que representait eel acte de relation cordiale, daiM un moment difficile ? Alors, pcn«onne ne souieva les scrupules de la souveraincl^ du SulUui cl aulres prcteites quoii suscite malntenant, eti fare drs droits espagnols a intrrvenir k Tanger et eillance de notre altitude, envers elles, le Gouver- iKTiient t*spagnol suapendit durant tout la periode de la gneirre, la signature du Statut. (« 11 m'a ^t6 p^nible de lire plusieurs anuees apres, en defense de la nouvelle th^se, soutenue par les colonistes, n'prise dans plusieurs publications, sp<^cialemont dans un f^raind journal parisien, et mSme jusqu'au Parlenient, que Ui ineilleure preuve que la Lone de Tanger etait soumise a la juridiction inconditionnelle du Sultan, pix>tege fran- (^ ill's, etait Tacle de Texpulsion, en n)i4, des repr^scntanis (liplornatiques de I'AHeniagne et de rAnlriclie et d'autre jwirt que le Statut n'etait pas entre en \igueur a cause de IVj|j)po.silion (!<» rKs[>agne « conliante dans le Iriomphe des Mrupires C4»utraux. » (« J'ai deja donne drs exemples eloquents du rcfj^inie (|iii rxista a Tanger jusqu'a la lin de la guerre et auxquels on pourrait en ajouter bien d'autres. G; qui rut arrive a l'ncc5»8ion de IVxpulsion d(;8 reprc^sentants des pays adver^ sirircs de la France, Tesprit qui inspira la conduite du (jou- vrioeniei;)t espagnol et les raisons qui Tamen^ent a ne paji donner sa signature definitive au Statut, tout ce que jr vitns d'cxposer devi*ait servir, a mon sens, pour que (les affirniations aussi inexatctes et des jugements aussi injusLes ne se reproduiscnt plus et moins encore puissent elre allegues dans des controversies loyales. » Sails avoir la pretention d'ecrire une refutation (111 plaidoyer de M. de Lenia, on pent se pernieltre i\^ niarqiier de Tc^tonnenient qu'il ne tienne au- (Min conipte de I'etat de guerre qui existait, aiors, (Miln* le Sidtan du Maroc el les Empires centraiix. I II hi^torien ne raurait pas pass^ sous silence, ({uand bien ni^^nie il en eiU ete gene pour dd- frndre un point de vue parliculier. O serait une criante injustice de dire que M. de ?,ema el (juehjues-uns de ses collfegues d'alors souliailaient le trioniphe des Empires centraux. I/histoiien de deniain dira probablement qu*ils ( raigiiaient ce trioniphe, mais il n'ira pas plus loin, lis le craignaient en aout et septenibre 191/1, au moment de Verdun et encore au printemps dr 1918. Et cettc crainte est la raison de ce jeu de balance que praticpiferent les gouvernemenis espagnols durant la guerre. A la me^me epoque oil M. de Lema nous dit qu'il ne voulait pas s'op- paser li Texpulsion de Tanger des diplomates al- leimand et aulrichien, il rappelait Tamba^sadeur d E^pagno ^ Paris, M. le marquis de Villamrntia, qui s'etait entete k pretendre que son devoir etait (iaccompagner le gouvernement de la Hepubliquo a Bordeaux et il le rempla^ait par le marquis de VHllierra qui ^tait tout pn'^t a offrir a (iuillau- me 11, entrant a Paris, I'offre de la mediation es- pagnole pour entamer de^ negociations de pair. Tout cela aussi est de Thistoire. II serait exces^if den faire des giiefs (^onlre I'Espagne. Malheu- reusement il y a d'autres faits qui d^montrent linefficacite dc la neutralite^ bienveillante pour la France et I'Angleterre; nous voulonfi parler, on Taiua deja ccunpris, de la neutrality condes- cendante pratiquee en vers lanibassade d'AUema- gne a Madrid qui put, a sa gui«e, soutenir Rais- souli, Abdel Malek, Moha on Said El Hiba et Mou- ley Hafid dans leurs entreprises conlre le Sultan du Maroc et contre la France. Alors, le major von Kalle eul ^trc amenee i des termes d 'intelligence et d 'arrangement; et, commc je liens pour une id^o fonda- nientale, que nous niarchions d 'accord avec la France, parce que je ne consols pas que, ni en tenant comple de lii morale puhlique ni^de la convenancc utililBire de chaque peuple, il soil possible que ni Tun ni Tautrc ne r^alisenl leur mission au Maroc (mission conjoinle), je dois declarer que toutes les preuves que nous donnerons de la plus grande sinc«»rit6 et de pleine acceptation a toule Toeuvre politique de rappqfls fraternels, nous acc/-edilera devant L'Europe el wrvira noblement, loyalement, lea interfita de TEspegne. Sur ce point, je crois que toutes les demonsira lions que nous ferons ne seront pas excessiv^s, car si nous n'etions p4is piiyes On ne sera pas autrement surpris de retrou- ver chez M. d'Eza cet appel a TAngielerre. Mais on aura le droit de souligner que le chef actuel du parti lib^ral-conservateur, le president du Con- soil, M. Sanchez Guerra, a repousse celte id^e au Senat d'abord et ensuite, avec une «orte d'indi- gnation, h la Chanibre des Deputes, ou M. d'Fza si^ge. Ge dandinernent perp^tuel, si souvent cons- tat6, donne k la politique espagnole un caractiro dc niarchandage assez desagreable surtout pour la dignity espagnole, cornnic I'a constats M. San- chez Guerra. , . Tanger francis^e, vue par un Bspagnol M. Ruiz Albeniz (El TebiL Arrumi) a envoy^ de l^inger, au Diario Universal^ au d6but de niai, une chronique qui est k reteni^;, parce qu'elle in- dique aussi claireinent que possible les sentiments passionnt'M que soultve chez nos voisins la ques- tion de Tanger. On a rarenient, en nidme temps, rendu un t^moignage plus Eloquent h la pr6do minance de Tinfluence franpaise k Tanker et mon tr^ plus a nu Tiritation faitc de d^sesp^rance qui (^Ite conslatation pn)voque. La chronique d( M. Ruiz Albeniz est un document des plus pre cieux pour ceux qui etudient la psychologic d( TEspagnol de if):>2. - ' • . - . (( lei, dans celte ville de Tanker, si semblable h nm Malaga, Cadix, on Seville, TEspagnol, TEspagnol ing^nu q\i\. va en p^lerinage sentimental h la terre africaine se , sent plus que jamais loin de sa patrie. <( Quel n)alhenr 1 Dans ThMcl arisiecratique ou nous 8ommc8, lout est nnglais, fran^is, isra^lit^ ou marocain. II n*y a que Ck)rrochano et moi d'Espagnols. Les attaches de noire legation, ni^ine quelques ofliciers ilc notie tabor qui logent dans cet h6lel, semblent ^tre deventis, par une sorte dVsprit (rimitalion, des Franyais on des Anglais. Leurs costumes, leur « pose », m^me leur conversation, tout est Stranger aux modes dc TEspagne. C'est peut-^lre pour cela quails ne senlenl pas rhostilite ambiante comme nous, pauvres journal isles qui venons de la ligne de feu de Ikni Arcs, I'fime remplie des exemples donnes par les soldatfi espagnols et par consequent iiers dc nous-mt^mes, de noire condition de fils de Tlberie. (( Hostility de Tambiance ! Qui peut en doiiter ? Dans tea rues jusqu'aux l>ourricot8 indigenes nous bousculent k chaque pas, ce qu'ils ne font pas aux autres passants (sic). Si nous nous adressons k un indigene, nous voyons se des- siner sur son visage un sourire de mepris lorsqu*il nous entend exprimer nos desirs en espagnol. Les yeux ne veulent plus lire les annoncG;^ pompeuses d^s conmiervants qui sont tou jours redigees en fran^ais. ou8- siereiix qui font contraste avec les resplendissantes et ampics jaquettes des sujets de la HepubJique gauloisc. (M. Ruiz Albeniz doit ^tre felicitc^ pour maintenir aiissi hrillammenl et avec tant de succt^s la trsadition de don Juan.) , . — « llulrons dans iuu> houtiquf, dans iiii ^(raud magasin. b's rcnployes sont Espagnols, mais p^ siJutions que r^clament les affaires inarocaines? Repretlons-le bien sinc^rement est esp^rons qua vec Je temps, M. Ruiz Albeniz cornprendra que *■*'*-■ - — ., ••^ '«'•-. * \ • x' ^ r y • r A -'-- .^ /' fi < ^r?»^;-'-v ^•^'''- ^' «r«?r^ * - \'r t- 0%^' ^y ^»^. .^M» ►IT; . . / x< tu BULLETIN DtJ COMlTB cetle e\j)ansion (raii^al«e qu'il a cuiiistalee n'a nucun caract^re agreftsif coiitre personiie et iiioins encore contre TEspagni^ avec laquollc nous vou- lons €ulretenir dc bonni^ relatione de voijsiriage. APHfiS LE V0YAC;E IUJ FJ^fiSIDENT I>K LA HEIHIBIJQIJK Coniine il fallait s'y ailendre, Topinion e«pa- gnole a 616 vivcinent erniie par las infornialionvS publics dans les journaux. L'espoir d'unr colla- boration militaire qiii elait nee an moment du pasage du inarechal Lyautey a Madrid, sans ([u on Slit bien pourquoi d'ailleurs fi'esl vite ^vanoui. Ce fut une prenufere deoonvenue. La vieite du general Berenguer a Fez en ainena une autre, aus«i inevitable que la premifere, 6tant donn^ Tetat des evsprils. En g^niSral, on se sent humili^. C^^tait facile a pr^voir. Les echc^s du voyage triomplial de M. Millerand ont ete dou- Icrureux aux oreillcs des Espagnols aux prises avec doe dlfficult^s qu'ils ont^ un pen plus chaque jour, conscience de ne pas «avoir ni pouv(^ir sur-, nionter. , i Au S6nat et a la C.hanibre des Deputes, comme on Ta vu plus baut dans cette chix)nique, des par- lemenlaire^i ont pris pretexte des discours pro- nonces & Habat v\ h Fez pour deniander la denon- elation ou revision des traites. Dans la presse, nous avons tn)uve des nianifeslattons qu'il im- |K>rte de niettre en relief. Sous le titre « Am^res reflexions d>, lorgane du conite de Roniaiioiies, Dlario Universal, a publie \jn important editorial sur le voyage de M. Mil- lerand au Maroc. Get article conunence par cos niols : • . « Toujours, et «ujourd'hui plus quo jnin«i<*, nous avons ♦'te vi noup sornincs, Jes prof>a^ndiMtei< ronva incus et infa- ligttbles ck^ rainiti*', de rint<*lli^n<'e, d^ raccord inlitiio pr^ciirseur d'une alliemc deftnitivc rt r1r«Mlr, entre TF^- |>ague el l;i FrHiiri' )^. Diariv inh^ersai voit dans cette alliance la base dune union plus large qn'i s'^endreil aux Hcpu- bliques du Sud el Centre Am^rique et fornierait un groupe puissant qui [H)urrait vivro en parfaite haruionie avec le groupe anglo-saxon. iNous allons reproduire, maintenant, ce rpj'i^- (lit Diario Universal Mir la n^cessll^ de cette in telligcnce franco~esp(ignolp an Maroc. Il faut dr)n ner toute son imprirt«nce au fait qu'il roinniefice par condamner U politique dn cabinet Dafo en i()ii, que le niar(|uis de Leina, alors niinistre d*Ktal, a essay^, lout n^emmenl, de justifier dans un article que nous venons d(' 5.ignalpr. ii etroite que repnVs<*ntaii et repres* nte THrtioii liliqucs« peu familiarises avec les [)robl^mes exterieurs, ne se rendiretit pas compie de ce que representait le changemenl et iU ne persisi^rent pas dan» cette voie. Le parti liberal, lui, persista, el, par la Toll autoriJ^^'e de son ehef, il 8e decidfi a sugg^rer que riieure des allianees avait sonne, ajoulajit « a^ec toutes les consequences que les alliances appoiteut avec elles m. I>e gjlence, rindifference de« autref^ partis, in^me dea partis cong^n^res, arr^ta cette heureuse inilialive qui aurait corrige, sans risques, IVrreur de not re incniilraiil^ africaine et grandenient facilite IVntreprise du d»^ veioppemenl du pacifiquc Frotectorat es|>iignol dans la |Detile lone nord- afrirainf'. -: , I/aiilciii' (le rarliclc (|ii'()n jK'tit !«iippo8er ctre, 8an8 grand ri, ilit que \v « snnglant desaslit dc T^roule- nicnl coiiiplct ct nipidc (\v la Cimiandancia de Melilla a encore aggrave la .siliialioii et est venu deniontKT riug^'nce qnii y a a leasee rrcr \t^ liens avec la France, *< noire s>. « On ne la pas (oujpris ;«ih^i; nou?^ iWiwrv.f^ <^|p de ma! eil pin airivant a nuf jifiwrn' ♦Moiionnquf iiicnmpatibie avec des allianirs |K)liti(pies, rt Us rhosis eluuit: ea eel ^lat Ic voya^^r dv M. Milltrand au rroliMiorat fiwingais eut lieu et, loin de doiimr To* cation d'lin riipfH>n Imhn' ut. jwr la fante de Uni^, il lui n aiiirait dfl cher- cher rortM^ion de inrjfre en evidence devamt Jc« M^roculns ruiiion et la :^»liilaiiU' d*-^ deux pavs prot^teiirt. Le d^bar- qunncnt j lialrjit, (.ipilaU^ du Protrc l^jral Crun^is el r^i- oi*ine, [♦•iidant bomiinag*> au Soifve- raiii iiiarrHMiii, an rioiii duquel ♦>! , «vfc sa d(*lei^tion ain4- ralf ,'i }»rrmnm'nlr, u^r\\ |,. Klialifa. M I/imion. dans 1,-^ ,.anx dv nalvat, ,Irs rsuadrcs francaiik,' rf c5|»*)pi(,lr «e n. p.. frll rl Irfi H «Mi>->r I. ^,.|M.,al BrivuKur, .. h,. ^u nc .(- tmuvalt pas -t: ■ ■ * ■ -'- --Ji--^ - — ^ _^_ iiAiai V itt^Ki * ^T r '" ■ ►■ .^/.- «^*v-; -^^ 7 /J DE I/AFKIQUE F R A xN g A I S K ^(i5 le Sultan, k la capitale qui aurait du nous revt'iiu suivant le projet de Traill de 1902, et ou le represenlaiit dc TFs- pagne n*avait Hen k faire. « Mais «i nous reconfiaissons que la sugosse n^ presida pas du cdl6 de I'Espagne, nous devons rcconnaitre, avec amertume, que Taccueil frangais no fut pas, non plus, Ir^ft cordial. Pour arriver a un tel resulUt, 11 auiait ete preferable d*6viter la rencontre. II y avuit la solution a 'alter en Alg^rie et de s'y presenter, non pas coninie un choriflte de deuxifenie classe, avec un petit croiseur, le <( Iteina Regentc », qui fit pendant au « <'iarvalho-Araujo » porlugais, mais avec un cuirasse et deujL destroyers" ou contrc-torpillcurs, commandes par un contre-amiral, dans les m^mes conditions que TAngleterre, I'ltalie el meine les Etats-Unis, car si dans les aulres parties du monde I'Es- pagnc pent fitre modesie, dans la M^diternin^e occidentale qui est notre mer, oii sent nos Baleare^, qui baigne les cAtes de notre Levant el notre Prolectorat niarocain, I'Es- pagne doit se pr^sentci' conime ce (ju'elle est, comme une grande puissance. • " « 11 est triste de voir les erreurs coinmises par notre gouvtrnement» niais il est encore plus triste, plus amer, de constater la froideur, sans doute-calculee, qu'ont mani- fest^e les princij>ales autorit^s fran^ises. « Le President dela R^publique, M. Millerand, cpii dans d*autre8 occasions s'^tait montre plus expressif, reconnut les vertus de Tarm^e espagnole et declara ses sympathies pour TEspagne et son souverain; mais il eut un soin lout special et suspect k ne pas faire allusion k Toeuvre com- mune et de collaboration franco-espagnole au Maroc, vi fit une distinction clrange enlre la France et son Protet - iorat et rE8i)agne et sa zone d'influence , difference que le TempSy de plus en plus coloniste, accueillit avec j«>ir, supposant que les situations onl H^ ainsi d^finies : lit France protedrice du Maroc et TEspagnr; chargee d'uue mission spicialt dans la zx^ne qui lui a ^it assignee. « Le Pr^ident de la B^publique fran(,'ai8e et rimportant journal coloniste, |>our sVxprimer comme ils I'ont fait, ont dA oublier que dans le Traile de 1913 qui porte la signa- ture de la France (il ne s'agit pas d*un ^hiffijii de papier k rallemande) on asj^ignc a TEspagne, don.s sa zone, les uii^mes attributions que celles qui furent conferees a lii France dans la sienne par le Traile passe a\cc le Sultan le 3o niai dc la m<^me annee (veilUr %\\\ la IrHuquiliitr dt cetle zone, preter assistance au gouvernemcnl niarocain pour rinlroduction de toules les refonnes administratives, economiques, financieres, judiciaires et 11a ilitaires- ainsi (|in' pour tons les n!;gienient8 nouvenux et les niodilications dc-^ reglements exi^tants que tes reformes comporteni ); ^t ils oublit^rent, en phis, que le second paragiaphe de liirtielt ^5 de ce ni(^me Traile dit te.xtuellemeni^ k proj)«)s dr hi surveillance dans les eaux territoriales des zoufs respet lives, espagnole et fninr-aise, qu'elle sera exercee 1) [>ar les foreis organises par Tautorite Jocal« ou celle du (iouvernement protccteur de ladite zone ». Gouvemement proteclenr, est- il dit, reconnaissant comme on ne pouvait faire awtn'uient q\Wt dans chaque zone, ,il y a un goaverucment protivtrui , preuve qu*il y a deux zofUs de Pnjtiectorat. u L'obsli nation de certains ^l^ments fran<,';iis |iatronn»s niaintenant par M. Millerand 4- diiminurr Id mission de TEspagne, en plus qu'elle ne r^sistc pas a la plus legere < rilique, est en opposition ouverte avec la realile, ol ee qui est plus grave avec ce qui a ete objet d'uu pacte. La diffe rence ne reside pas dans Tin tensile dts fonctions mais dans leur extension : la France a uue tnornie zone dt- 555,000 kilometres carres (plus que toiite rEspagne) tt TEspagne a senlement Ikkooo kilomMres rarres divis*'*'^ vn deux regions : au nonl un peu plus de -jiakh) el le rest*' en face des Canaries. La difference est deja suffisamnunt grande (en iinissant TAlgerie, la Tunisie, le Soudan el TAfrique occidentale) pour que la France n'eprouve pus le hesoin de nous diminuer et m^me de nous humilitre ville, n'a pas n'-ussi. » Le corivspondant de Vhfipurrinl a Tangci* ( nut habile de decoupt^r dnns les joiunaux marocains di^s plirases pour les lassembler avec des re ilexions goguenardes. IV)ur lui. M. Millerand i\u\ une ameie deception. (( Mais Millrrand ne vint pas antn nniil pour r/)nstat« 1 la joie attendne. (!e sera \your unr autre orrasjon. I| vint pour realiser un aete j)olitique. Et conmir < 't'tait son but, notre ami Lyauley eut bien soin de ne jias in\ itor !<• ( onsul I'Espagne a la reception au cours de hupjclle, en presenic (les (onsuls etrangers, Messieurs Millerand et Monlev ^ouss<'f (li'vaient moiitr«'r leur amom* j>onr la tlnVnir du ehiffon ih^ papier. « Dans ((1 ac le oflieiel, d'ou on uom^ <'\< hit dt^lilK're- ment, le premier employe d»* la H/sidcnc <■. « '» >( mi\^\ qu'on appelle |)ar iei Mouley Y()ussef,hil un long disconrs. Kt tn'^s s^^rieuscment, h la Jean Foulre (sic), il parhi des <( droits iniprescriptiblos du tr(^ne cbrrilirn, i\ rintf^ritt' (h' nolr<' Empire el a Texercice de nos prerogatives s^)iiveraine8 ». Milleranfl, qui eut assez de force de volont<^ |K)ur garder son s^rieux, y alia aussi de son disc ours et hi allusion (< a la sauvegarde inlegrale, dans tout TEinpire, des droits tt prerogatives du Souverain, ainsi que de son presligr religieux », mettant en relief q\w « la France c«t d<''cid<^e a ne pas s'/doigner de cetle lign** de con « Oux qui assist^rcnt ^ et'tl(» cer6monie» si bien prepan^e. ilisent que les consuls se regardaient stupf^faits. Pendant que Millerand et son Sultan ronvertissaient les Traitrs en simple ehiffons de papier, iN se rappelai<'nt que depnis ii^. > N- 4*V - r" .-r*^" > ,! •r N. % -. ■•- • — ' K. _ V- X ' » ' ^- •' -^ ■]r T • • T / T" i». T»*»V-^ -J ■!»■ >^ -r- •^. ' • ^' 1 ' ir)(> 1^ U I.I.KTIN I)U COM ITK la (onf<^rt'iic<^ ci*Algetiiab juBqu'a ce join, on ik' incntionne, ilans auciin p«ote inlernationni, Tint^gi itc* (It* I't^x I iiipiic t h^rifien. La France n*y fail pas ulIiiMion dans son pacte aver rAII(»magno. Le Suliaii ii'en fail pan nHnlion tiaiis son pacle av<'r la France au sujel du FroUntorat, sini'ii qu'il rautorise d »e partager l*Knipire avec rEspague. Et eniin, on n*en tint roniple, en crcant an Manx deux protcctoralH (lislincU avcc iine i^galitc absohie de droits* aiiH"*! smihlahlcs ({lie deux gouttes d^eau. (( Apr^s une ger6monie aussi extraordinaire d dont rilis toire perplluera le souvenir avec cehii du famcux casque ( olonial britannique) II reste le refrain. L'illu^tre Millerand apr^s avoir oublid que Ic Maroc a deux pays coprolrrteurs el que Mouley Ycussef est un simple fonctionnaiic de la h<^wideilcc», 8€ pr6occupa encore plus de faire voir eornnieni il comprenait les Trailes. Et en repondant au discour« de Ber^nguer, il parla de a la France dans son proteetorat et d^ l*E§pAgne dam sa zone d'influence. )) 8i M. Millerand a du tempft 4 perdre, il doit lire le Traite franco-ei^pagnol de 191 2. Et 15, en plus d*un article '^5 qui }>arle de de\ix (iouvemennentfl a prolecteurs », il rencontrera del articles rx)mme Tarticle a qui indiquent quo le l*i-oltM'torat espaffuol est tout autant que le Proteetorat fran^ais uiie zon<' (Vin- fluence, car on y parle tr^s clairenienl « des zones d in- fluence espagnole et fran^iise ». Mais a quoi bon eiler des articles si tout Ic Traite nous dit qu'il n'y a pas d*inte- grit^ de TEmpire, ni dc souverainele du Sultan, ni aueuni' de ces calembredaines de Tintegrite de rautorite reli;^Meuse ? « C'est pour tout cela que le voyage du president a con- sists comme disent nos voisins, a battre 1 ean (sans donle pour ; un coup d'c^pc^e dans Teau). 11 n'a satisfait ni le voyageur, ni Lyautey, ni les Maro<*ains, ni les colonies europSennes. Et nous, mains enrore. A w qui a vU' dit par M. Mill(^rand, <\ IVneontn^ de ee que la FnUK e a reconnu, sonl vcMines s'ajonter des declaiations de Lya\iley. Vous vous reppell^rez qu'Abel Krim d6clara, dans l.e Jour- naly qu*il avail envoys des emissaires au resident fran^ais pour savoir s'il etait pour ou centre la rebellion snscitee dans notre zone. Eh bien, publiquemont et solpnnellfnK^nt, Lyautey y a re|)<)n(ln, dans Le Matin, en expos^uit que, pour le moment, il n'avait ancun intSn^t a o|x'Ter sur les oonfins des zones franraisj* et espagnole. Ceci, uni a qu'a dit Kl frnparcial sur les tril)us du Maroc fran^is qui alimentent la I'ebellion eontrr I'Kspagne, a aussi, sans douto, une grande iniportan<'e. (Vest ini autre fait. M.A.K.S. Tangn . u). r. S. Je |>arlerai p(*ut-etre un autre jour, ear je |>ossetle do«» renseignenunts l^^s cnrieux, de la propagande que fait (*n ce moment, en l']s|)agn<\ le parti eoloni*ite fran(,'ai*<. de M)U org'anisn el tie srs laigc^H's. Ceci depasse, <»t do beaucoup, Ir ton de la pole iniqiie roiirtoise. El cependant, il fan! saltendrt^ h lire, dan^ le iiienie hiiparcial, des proteslaticMis v^h^nicntefl, inais qfie nmif^ auronn le droit de d^daigner, contre ee (|ul ^e publie dans la presse fran^aise. C'est ponr eette raison (pie nous nous exciifiOHA allp^^<^ des lecleurH de VAfrique Fnm <^aise de reproduire de tels articles. II e<*t l)Ori qn'ils soieni connns <'n France. T.A QUKSTFON DK (MBHALTAH Elle vient d't'^tre traitee par I'ancien niini^lre cc^nservateur, M. Antonio (ioieoeehea, dans den\ articles publi^fl dans la Revistn Hispauo \Jrirann. M. Goicoechea, qui est un defenseni dc Tideal de «< rint^rile de la souverainet^ d(^ lEspagno sur le d^troit », fail d'abord iipe rapide (^tnde hi^- torique de la quoetion depuis le j(Mir on, (^n lyo'i, le pavilion anglais fuf liisse ^sl^ le rocber do Gibraltar. Ensuite, il ^'attache a demontrer qu'il n>j a aueun pacle (|ui enqx^cbc TE^^pagne de for- tifier les fiositions nahnclles qui domlnent Gi- braltar et son d('l roil . (f Ia cession de (Gibraltar, dit-il, a eu le lamentable com- plement d'une st^rie de rrs-^ions de diT)its, au^ei rexatoires ponr la ttignile qnt* e<»ntr;ilres n Tinter^t bien eniendu de i*hspagne ne posscdr pa>, aujounriiiii, la plenitude d'in- llnenee el de pouvoii exigre piu* s(i situation g<6€^graphique, ses int<''rAts politiques rt les necessites de sa conservation. » \ son seiKs, le rnal rcjcide dan« ce qu'il e'eal croc la une situation de fait el non de droit. Si TEspagne avail forinellenient abandonnS son droit de fortifier ces positions, il n'y aurait pas d'btuniliation ni confession d'impuisMince, pe qui Tamc^ne a desirer <( qu'en echange de la neti- tralisalion du d(}lroit (*l de ses consequences lo- giijues de desariuenient el deniantc^lenient des an- ei(»nnes fortifications, on acquiere la garantie so- lennelle et effieace du statu quo de.s c6te8 espa- gnoles el niarocaines et du libre transit d'une cote a rautre. Le pacle ainsi convti ne serait pas une huiniliante mediatisation : il serait la parti- cipation bonorable a un condoniinium profita- ble. La declaration de Carthag^ne de 1907 itait orientee (lan.s cetle voie; un pas de plus fait avec > \l. (ioico(»cbea annonce cpiil examinera pro- c^haineinent dans cpielle nic^ure Tapparition du pavilion franc^ais sur le caj) Spartel viendrail com- pli([uei ce problenie. Son article implicpie I'abandon de toute reven- dication de (libraltar (pii, il n'y a pas bien long- lenij)s, duiaul la guerre, cMait un des principaux griefs de ses amis |)oliti(pies contre les Allies. Madrid. iT) niai. El Fqih. POSSESSIONS ITALIEMES LYBIE Les 6v6nements de Tripolitaine. — Sous le litre u Les op^mtions inilitaires en Tripolitaine _— Lh politique italienne vis-a-vis des Berb6res », /.u Tunis ie francfi^^r {\\\ 1(1 nini a public^ les ren- seipnements suivanls : De ^'rnves evenenn'rits que nous ollons rflpporter succiii- leFnent vieiiiieiit de se [tnxluire eii TripoliUine Comme noH IcnMeurs iie Tout pms ouhlie, le comte Volpl se rendant rompte cpi il nv avnit rien h espc'^rer de rintrsnsi- ^'ennee (les i)ationaliste8. a rfVMTiip6 Mesrata-Marine »?tanw militan le -if) Janvier dernier. Cette petite operation a pro- voqiic* une rc^arlioii violente des rebelles et la Tripolitaine tout entiere s ef^t une foisde plus soulev^e cjontre leiltaliens qui se w>nt trouv(^s assieg^< k Mesrata-Marine, Horns, Tri- poli, Zaouia et Zouara I^ seul point occupy en debon df la cMr, Azizia. h 47 kilometres de Tripoli, est Mrdltement Idoquc^ et ravitaillc^ par avion>. &tjiifa >^ DE L'AFRIQUE PKANQAISR ^67 A pi-oxiqit^ de iioiie frouii^ie, au SuU ile ^ouaru, Kha- lifa ben Asker et ses monUgnards abadhites, chas^^s deleurs villages en d^cembre dernier par les Couf6d6r6s orthodoxes, se tiennenl dans i'expeclative. Arin68 el ecfuipes par les trou|H^ do pa Valerie ^rytbr^ei^ie, ils aiieudispt le moipeut propicc ppvir ton^ber si|r les Arabes el se venger de roux-cl eu reoccupjuil les domeures plllees, ou. . pour fain* rausi* commune avec les Conf6d6r6s eu passant h oeux-c i avet* armes et bagages itdlieris, A Zooara, la gituation tM inquietante. Les BOurparlerB engag4^8 avec le» rebelled, sinon engnget), du moms « faciiit^s » par le com le Yulpi, taut ^ Mesrata qu'& Tarbouna, ayant ^bpu6, les Itajiens &e bouI decides a employer Ja mani^rii for|A). La paro)e est au canon depuis le liavril, date ^e rexpira|.lop cfe la treve qui ^ivait siiivi la r6occupatiop de Meshita-Marine. Nous avons dit d^ji que les chefs rebellos reunis a Fon- douk ben Cherif pendant ceile suspension d'armes, oul sou- mis au Oouveniementde Tripoli une lisie de revendicnlions d'un caract^re iel que leur examen ji'a pu etre menir envi- sage. -'- - ^>^--: Une teutative des lialiens pourdebloquer Azizia lei2avnl u'aurait pas eu de succis. La colunne d'uryitir^ens pai'tis de TripoU dans ce l^ut, n^apf^t pu di^passer Souani-beu-Adem (27 km fie Xnpoli). Up til^gtamme public"? par Vl,^uiouc \r 3 mai courant et d'aprfta leqtiel les troupes italienues au- raient occupy le point pricit^ et r^tabli les rommunleations par voie ferr^e avec Tripoli, se rapporfe t'videmmeni a la mgiiie operation. Le 44, Abdallab Temsekkei atlaquait lias el Ahmeur ei la gare de Za^uia (4ft km de Tripoli sur U ligue de Zouara). II leur politique malgr^ les avularw du pa^^s^. « Le (iouverue- ment », dit If. Rossi dans I'lhiione du 20 avril, « voudrait aussi effeetuer une action da caract^re politique et militaire en s'appuyant sur les fibres populations lierb^res obassAs des montagnes du Djebel rautooina dernier apr^s des com- bats aebam^s et san^lants, et camples aujourd'hal nr^s dr Zouara oil nous avons un tr^ fort preside et un groupe de Berb^res aguarris excessivemeut fideles. u Les reiugi^s berb^res du baut plateau, ^^ollH le comman- dement de leurs chefs, parmi lesquals le fameux Khalifa Ihmi Asker, aid^s par des trouper irr^guUeres de Zouara et des d6tachements ^rythreens, pourraient teuter avec un certain espoir de sneers de reconquerlr leurs villages : Nalaout, Ka- bao, Yeffren, nids d'aigle qui suivenl leDjehei, et constituer une vasfe enceinte drfensive pour proteyer la plains fertile contrc les incursions de Vinlivieur. telte enceinte commencfinl a Zouara, suivrait la frontikre tunisienno, puis la lime de pariage des eaux jusqu'a Ghatian el descendrait ensuttejns- qu'h Aziz ia pour ^e sonde r au J' forlkficaiions de Tripoli. Une zone vasle et fertile aurail ainsi une pleine trawniitliti assuree. Cetle z^ne avec des efforts concordants d*Azxzia, de Hotns, de Mesrala, de Heni-Oulid pourrait s'^tendre a Tarhouna, en ranqu^ranl la locality 9. II n'est plus question i\v Toe cupation slricte des priuci- paux points de la c6te dont ou a parl6 a Home. Kn s'appuyant sur les Berberes on envisage desormais roccupalioii effective jusqu'au Djebel a TOuest, jusqu'^ rirreduclible Farhouna et h Beni-Oulid h TEst. Dans UD article du 21 avril consacre qux Ik^rberes, le Corriere di Tripoli note lu difference pit)fondc qui existi' entre oeux-ci et les Arabes. Comme ombre uu tahleitu actucl. il y a bien Slimau el Barouai et la r6si8lance que Tltalie u f2J>r^ litJEDl -«— i^LJ ■« ■ I I ■*, K^^mm-^ >« I . ■ >ll ■ ■ '■ ■ ■ ■ » T K n n JKM £: J£ v^' '••'Ni.loul' Uao ^es bien que celles-ci eussent fait acle de souniission avanl les Ber- beres... « ... II suffit de rclever le fait veritahlement eufptionncl dan8rhi8toirede8cok)nies,d'unepopulationquinousatoojours f\A fidWe, roAme loreque dans les change»entB et les in { royables iocertitndes dc notre politique pa^sec, le« Berbires ont eu k plusieurs reprises motif d(» se plaindre gravemeat preference vls-i-vis des Arable... .' •. * -r. "• *- < ^' 1 :Li'iH lUlLLKTJN J)ll (JOMITE 1)K l/AFHiyUE K K A N (.] A I S K a hi'S B('il>rir> out viv tour rt (oiir !('> pivfrn'^ t't Ics oulilitV ill* ii(>tn' c'oijdiiilt' it lrmt* cuvisif;!'' pamil etrt' Ja froiilien' liinisienjie (didruu'iit pour parer" a louli' rvenlualiU*. Altrndoiis Tavojiir \h>\ii ih)u> pr()nt)n(i'i". iiiais il scuililr plus que douleux, si^^Mii [ieatif 1 ■ Le geiiei'al iJadoglin, aiicieii elief d'elal ilinjnr des ;iruH'e-> italienues esl arrive eii lonniee d inspeelioii luilitaii-e a I ri- poli le 2t) avril L;i population lui a fait uu nccueil eulboii- siaste. (lelte \isit(^ montfe. ndrux (pie bail eounneutaiiv, rimportaiire des o]>eratioii^ enga^ees par le (joiiverueiui'iit italieii eii Libsiv D'apres le Citrririr «li Titpoli dii '1 inai. Ic^ n[M'r;ili ain>i ; Pendant la nuit du "^.H an 'J9 a\ril, Irs tr(Miiie> de^lin«'e> ii piTudre p;irl a r.-ietion se rasseiiiblaient anx p<^»ints fixe:^ \ 5 heun^s du fualiu. \v IK) . le^ e()loniu's C.oiiliire d (iraziani qui avaiejil deja oj>er<' an I"etaieid rrtraneln'^^ A 10 benres. elle etait maitresse du feifain Le ^^^'inTal Taraiite. connnandanl uiililaiir (!«• Tii|H»lil.iin< , pHMiail al troupe^- L;i liunr t»Tn'*e eliijl iitablii' entre Tripoli rt Sonani brni Ad* in L«' .*b». it 3 lu'iirr^ dn matin. Ir^ ((tlniue'v rr(ir»'n;iii'iil Irai niarclir soiv A/i/.i;i. a\er nn tr»'- furl ^iidctw*. A 7 II i'.n l»'^ patronille^ do (MSJileiic ^winipr^ iniporlanl^ dr r'rhelirs ipr la coIoiHM' (ira/iaai, >orlie d A/i/ia a 11 lieuie^, ac be\ait ilr niettre en In ite. A niidi. le !•' b.-iUiillon rr\llirrrn rrle\;nt Ir Ul* ;i A/.i/m Les pertrs (le> rel»elle> seraient eonsidiTahlev ; (•♦dlr-^ »Jr- llaliens tr»"'s b'gere^. Le <-apitainr dr Leilis. dn t,'- lilivqnr ii se ser^airnt retirr> an dela dr H hiadi-Mr;_'rojet de stiitut. l/ex[ailsitin de> Alleinands ile Tanger (^tait un fiiil aeeonipli ( 1 > ({uand M. (leoffroyet sir Arthur Hardiii'^r reprenant le projet «|n'ils avaieiil arrete Let^ precedent avre le marquis de L(»iiia, iiianilesterenl le desir tb \(»ir le riouverneiiienl espai^iiol ronsaerer definilivr- inent le statut. I'lH' piejnieredeiiiarc he eut lieu au niois de deeemlut anx hen res somhres de la guerre. San- i'»'qMnis(* du Ministre d Rial, les d(»ux amha>sa- drnrs rennuvelereni lenr propusiiti-on le ii) Janvier 11>1.'). II leur ful repondu que le .Ministri' if avail pas eu b Irinps de revoii* le document et e<'lle n''ponse raarquait, ilans sa manieie. une t(db' volonb' de faire trainer le> (hoses (jur rnmhas>adenr d ArigLeterre fut (Lavis cju il idnit sans int«''ret, ])ar('n (|ne sfiiis espoir, d'insistei da\ antn;4e. .\(ni> n'affirmou- pas ciuen iei'lnnianl Tadliesioii \\i' IMspaiiur. Ir (iouxernruH'nl lr;inras posilivemeid en vue LsLVuntage deiaFranee. riu> >iinpleineiit. il eroyait a In vktoire allern«tnde, et rrt <''\euement aurait en p«nip«'IEel cIp modifiei* b* piojel. \ui ikki-. (!r (|ui ne nous empechefa nul- Irinent (\i' rerounaitrr an niniTjub de I^ema, av(M- iif haut»»- rt nol)les (juiilit«''s. wiu^ leiielau<'e preeieuse vrr- la iManre. Mais ]r patriotisinn^ qiruuve de Taneirn Miuistie espa^nol le ronduit a des explications pm ronfornie^ avrr la realite des (iiosps. CVst nrie exeu-r out ('*tr touralonr lr> prrft''rr> et Ics ouhJirs kW iiotrc coiidiiih' tt dr nous repru('ln*r (It's actrs injutstes dr srioii h' souffle oli(b'. dii sy>U'ine viis i>a«j(' parail etre hi fronlierr tiiiiisicniie. proiKuiccr. iiiais il scinldr plus que doiiieux, dorrs et dcja, (pic h's seigneurs iH'douIn^. si turbulents ct si iidriuisigeaiits, acccptciil aussi laciliniciil qu'oii veut bieii Ip croire a Tripoli rhr^rmoiiit' bcrbr-rr Khalifa Ikmi Askri- inal^rr son douhh' jen, n a pu nhlt-iiii de ses vieux enueinis les Hodjrhant' et /rnlanc, (jur ccux-ci Ir laisseni renhn- a Nalout. (Ir siin[)lr fail ii'r>l il pa> signi Jicatif 1 Le geiirral Uad()^'li(», ancini clirf drlal iiiajor (hs aiiii«M'< ilalieiHies esl arrive eii lonnire d inspection inililaiie a Tri- poli le 20 avril La population lui a fait un aceiieil enlliou- siaste. (lelte \isite niontre. niieux jpie UmiI eounnentairr. rirnporlance des operation^ eiiga/^ees |)ar le (lonveriierneni ilalien en l/d)v<\ D'apre< h' ('(oririr di Tripoli dn 1 Fiiai. Ie< np«'ialinn-- luilitaires eoneernanl A/i/ia se sont deroule> ain>i ; Pendant la unit dn 'J^S au '1^ a\ril, les trnn[>e^ (le-«lin«''e> a [prendre pari a ractitni se rassenibluieid aux p(^>iiits fixes A 5 hennas du nialin. le 2U. Ie< eolonnes (loulnre rt (lia/iani qui avaieni deja oper<' au Iendaiit (jue deuv aulres eolonne^ aux (ir-di-e< des (oloneN Hellev et (iallina parlaient de la /one de Tripidi. La e(donne (Couture lrou\aune forte F'e^i.^tanec a Souani- beni-Adein on les rehelles ^'elaient ietianehe< A 10 ll«'Ui*e- elle et-ait niaitresse eolonne^ (lonlure et Uelle\ (\\\\ sunaienl lii \(»ie lerrrc a IFAt, culhutaient de> ^'F'onpe^ ini[)orlaFils de rebelles ipn- la coloiine (ira/iaFii. >orti(! d A/i/ia a 11 lieuFe^. aehexait • a A/i/ia Los perles d(»> rel>elle> seraient eon>ideralilev : eelles de- llaliens Ires legere^. Le eapitaiFie de Lellis, dn fe' lih\(pie a elf'' tne a SoFiani-beFii-AdtMFi Le eointe Volpi et le ^'('iieFal Kado;ili Alleniands de Tanger ('^tait un fail accompli ( I ) (juand M. (i(N>ffroyet sir Arthur Hardin^;e rcpreFiaiU le projct (jii'ils avaieni arrete Tet^ prenMeiil avec le marquis de Lena, niaiiifc^sterenl le df'vsir de \()iF le rionvernemcnt espa^nol coiisacrep d(»finitive ineut le statnt. Iiie prenueie denian ho eut lien an nioisde decembii' aiix lien res sonibres de la j^uerre. San< r<''jM)iise du Minisli-e (LEtat, les deux aml)a>>a leurs reiinuvel(»rent leiu' pn)positioii Ic 10 Janvier llMi) « ( (' II lenr fnl repondu (|ue le Ministro n'avait pas en le leiiips (le levoiile dix uinent el eetle rcponse raarquait tiaiis sa manieiiv une telle volonh' (!<» (aire trainer le> cboses (|in' rauFbassadciir d'Angletorre fut d\avis (juil (Mail sans iiilT'irt. parco (|ue sans espoir, (LinsistcF (la\anta^e. N(Mi< n'affirnn)ns pas (pfen reelaniant Tadhesioii de I Kspaizae. le (i<»uvern*'inenl fran(;ais ctail hien inspire L a\<'nir deinojitra menie le cuntrairt' pui8(pril permit (le verifier (jiie le projet de slalut de 1914 (dait anssi injuste a le^ard du Snltaii (pfinapplicablo en fail. Mai- nous somniev on tout cas assure (jue le (louvernemenl spagiiol, en laissaid loud)er la convc^rsation de 191;) iTavail pas [)ositivement on vue ravaiitage de la France l*lu> ^implement, il croyait a la victoire albMuande, et ret evenement aurait en ponreffet demodifier le projct X«dre vi(doire doit (\n\\v avoir, en sens different, un iiieno' resullal. l/b^paL'ne <'(»s| troinpe*'. e|. si ellon manque le Irain I'll 1!I15. il e-t un peii audacieux (rfivane(*r (pie c'esi par amour p(»nr mois. O (pii ne nous empeehera nul bineiit (le recouFiailiv an inarcpus de Lema, avec de liaut(»s (d Fioldes (pialiles, nm^ tendance preeieuse ver- la France. Mais le patriotism(^ (^prouv(^ de Lancien Mii»i>tie espa^nol le conduit a des explications pen conformed avec la rcalit(^ des choses. C'es^t nn(* excu-c (I'Ktat. Nous devon> le comprondre, mais nous avons dc iiHMn(^ a ie( tifier, sans confondre THistoire avec un( hisloire. lioBER Havxaup (h Voir Ir iVrit de celte expul.^iion dauH T/lAnVyf/e fmnrmsp, \^\:\, p. 115. / / / . •^^^MiBaate lA Cieroni .J. Leoaahd. rxHiv - ^«k: (i" diup kt d bd!t , 17, Hcb camittb > . i > .,"' f,. 'i BULLETIN 1)11 rCMlTE bK L'AFlUgUK FliANCAISR Gompagnie des Messageries Maritimes Sr ' ^i' PAQUEBOTS-POSTB FRAN^AIS Services siir Le pai|ueh()t « Andre L«bon » nmiE. LA GRtCE, L* TUROUIE , LA SYRIE.LtGYPTE. LINDO-CHillE, LA CHINE, LE JAPON. LOCEAN INOIEN, MAOAGASCAfi, LA REUNION, AUSTRALIE & NOUVELLE-CALEDONIE Pour loii> rtinseignemenlj*, aiiiMi (|ue pour pussageri cl fret, PARIS Direction fc^n^rale, 9, ru© de S^ze. MARSEILLE : Exploitation. 3, place Sadi-Garnot. at dans tout leiportsdeitervis pnrleit paqoeboiBde laCompagniff. COMl>TOIR SIDERURGIQUE DE FRANCE '"^ i84, Rue du Faubonrg-Saint-Honore, PARIS •• . . %-" • " > • ... VEMTE DE PRODOITS MtTAUOKCmES OES PRINCIPALES OSIItES DE FRANCE ^>MMAMA»W««MkMMM«WMWMM*«Mk* I DEMI-PRODUITS Acier Thomas. — Acior Martin. * . Lingots. — Hlooms. — iiillettes. — Lin«^otK <1© I'oi7^«. II. — MATERIEL DE CHEMIN DE FER ^ :. liailft Vignolc et Double Champig^non. — Eclisses. ^ rraverscs m(*talli(]aetj pour chemms de f#?r d'lnt^ret general et d'int^r^t local. • i, . Pptits raiN. — Petiles traver»e« pour chemfns de fer de Mine«, de TravauK publics, etc. III. - POUTRELLES I ET U (ANCIKN COMPTOIR DES POUTRKIXKSj Pour Construction* de B^timents, pour Constructions m(ital- liques, pour Constructions «lo was^ons, elr, Qraod Prix • Exposition Colonial€ de AUrseille 1906. Hers Concoors et Membres du Jury : Kxpo8iuoa« de liordeaux I90T. Nancy 1909, Clerinonl-h errand 1!)!0, Roiibaix i9M, Ui Man*^ 1911. Paris ♦916. Grand Prix : Kxjwsilion internationale de l^ron 1914. .t'] • < ^ < ^>^^>^^^l0*^0*0k^»0^0^^^^0t0t0t»^0^t*0^t^0^t0^m \\ ^^ Iv« Comptoir se charge de faire oxecuter en forges de.. l^armeh^vemeBis tr6» simples de poutrrlles brutes en I et en U, 'elsqvefral<*ageaax emtr^mlt^, poiti^Biim^e, tmrmgel •latore, etc. Le Comptoir n'entreprend pas de travaux comportant la nfwin- re complicaljon lesquels sont du ressori de^ Onstrurteurs. *. '< ., ^ . I >■■ ; ■ LAFRIQUE OCCIDENTALE SOCIETE NAVALE DE LOUEST ' '' 8.RUE AUBER_PARIS =e > > "- ¥ /'.- r*» !-_■ -\ i - ' ET DE TUNISIE Au • . SOCIfiTfi ANONYME Capital dc 125.OO6.0OO dc FONDLE EN 1881 Franca • 1 - — ^ -. ~~ -mKr* '- »•■>.<- PARIS • 43, rue Cambon ALGER 8, Boulevard de la Republique PLUS DE 100 SifeGES EN FRANCE, ALGERiE. TUNISIE, MAROC ET A LtTRANGER ,x ' TOUTES OPERATIONS DEBANQUE aa i- ^- ^.- '• M \ . ,r.' 'f !V / • \ • ' / - i ' :- .' -s \ vrV >• . t - » •«'-- \ A \ l-^ N. « ./ •i^ I • / ^ iT BULLETIN DU CX)MITB DB L'AFMQUE FBANgAISE '-> plaoves r ■ m wfpi lRAPHiOU£$ V' ^ ^ «: , -■->• <"* »-> .•^."'. ^^^•rj^^w^ •• » . - ' JjJjl^l^AfUt.- !»«*•*-««• ^^:^. * -« GUiiLEMINCl M...-- .v:''-f,v" '# » . "• •'. k. >^i^ ^ * ' '^ . * ■ m^T fSpi^f^ fabricaot. -r Camp^ment ccinpM S«ct. PharmaeiiSy Cuisin48, ObjeU plianU (I»t/t, jSfWy«| ' Tables, Lantemes). ^ Maisons FLKIM ot PIOOT r6aiiiM '/nr.SasmKiCf ■ ' Produits min. PSRIS ^. >< f »• ». fHM, BE (^ASilT, BINIffiCON ^•,fv. ■t ■: i /•, ■ V IQ, Rub Bsaawa MARSEILLE f ■ if-V TT, tJ / T^l^grapbe : MfiSIRjUL » I Codes : A.p.C. 5 th. EJ. 't Liaber*8, etc. L-'V IP. - f o ( -<^ COURTIERS . AGENTS EN PRODUITS COLONIAUX IMPORTATION — EXPORTATION CONSIGNATIONS AVANCES sur CONSIGNATIONS R. HSNRT, Ing' (B . C . P . ) «t F . P0IS80M, ■•ccMsear* 40 ct 42. Eua LoaU Blanc. PARIS. — T«Uph. 422-17 «t S14-8. }i. B. — Im Mai$on pubH* pirifdiguement une revue du tnareM dct produits colwiaux, qui est adreuie tur aemande. ^ COIUUE9PONOANCE 80LLICIT£X y ^^t f » y y,v. Soci^td Anoiiyme am^M^tal de 2 millions GR BLE l^ ••*^. .'1. *;'^ BOIS ¥^ <*^. -\ ,V UCTION * / -^ % SCIAGE » »» •- ■» .» ' ♦' ^A,,x. ;; MENUISEI^ PAROUET — VOU&S — Hclrc; Chcnc : eti S£ltIE ^: ■/ >* ■v-i^t BARA^QVEMBNTS ». ^ '.^. A MEUBLES iMis lilanc <■»• ' V ."^ JLZk I LITS a seoHRier Mastip avec ressarff n hiis, sisUaie tHEMllEli, V^ S. 8. 1. 1. * * — — — ^1^— I I i^^— — »MMa ^ l/ - .*. <•* ^i {," / z-- •/ I 1. .r-.' -< • » I i' >. r IV' •-> (oiiiiiyi KT ID O G XJ I^ E Kr T S PUBLIFS PAR IE COIiTE DE UFRIQUE FRANOAISE ft le COMilt DU lAROC SOMMAIRE LE VOYAGE DU PRESIDENT DE LA R£pU BLIQUE DANS LAFRIQUE DU NORD . I. — Aa Maroc 405 II. ~ Bn Alg^rie 121 III. — En Tunisie 142 IV. — A TExposition colonials de Marseille . 1j2 Llmmi^atioD au Maroc depuis la guerre. — Albert Chaetoh 133 A propoft de la Nouvelle-Helv^tie. — Munidi Beabor 155 Bibliographie 156 II Miiiiiii ill III 1 1 •mail III II 1 1 111 II I III 11 111 II 1 1 1 III 1 11 iKii 1 11 »! I'M 1 1 1'lii uri 1 1 i.i LE VOYAGE 1)1 dela dans TAfrique du Nord iVou,s nvuns vvuni n-aprvs Irs rrn Is du loyai/c prfsujrutir dans les trois ((flonies de lAfru/uc du Nord. La par tie tnnroraine du voyat/f n He rcrilr par inn de nos correspond ant Si el nnnpUtet' d'lipres Ui relation du Journal official. ( rtie relation a sern de base pour les parties ahje- rienne el ttmtsientie Mais cUr a etc pur eiuiroii^ nnnpletee d'aprl'S Ifs jiturnaus . Tons lr$ (Usrours of/irirts sont repro- duils d U'ur place Le present suppUmenl forme anisf Ui relahon la plus precise et la pins doaanr filer du \oy(i(jedu /^resident dc la Kepu- bliqne dans I'AfrKpie du AV>r(/. I. — AU MAROC Casablanca. L(' »") avril. a 9 hinires du matin, M. Milh'rand, pivsideut de la Republique [ran(;4iise, dobarquail a Casablanai, ( oniinrnrant j)ar le Marcx* \v voyage (luii axail decide d'eiitrepriMidre dans nos pos sessions tie lAfriqiie Ju Nord. Son (U'rivee k Gai^abiaiica coVncidail, presque jour pour jour. a\ ec Ic dixienie anniversaire de lY^ablisseaienl du Proteclorat de la France au Maroe et le niarechal Lyautey, Commissaire resi- dent g6n6ral, ^llait a\^oir I'hoaneur et la satisfac- tion profonde de lui presenter Toeuvre conside- rable accoinpli(* daus ce pays, i une allure rapide et puissante, grAce k aes directives et h ses con- ceptions remarquabk's de chef et d'adminislrateur hors de pair, gn\ce a sou impulsion personnelle el Ji la hardiesse de ses vues et de ses realisations qui surent trioinplier des difficult^s de tout or- (ire qu'eut, d^s ses debuts, i surmonler notre jeuiu^ Proteetorat. l)^s la premiere heure, Cas^i- hlanca se preparail k recevoir dignement le repre- sentant de la France. Partout des haies dc cavaliers jalonnent 1 itine- raire fix6, des servic es d'ordre sont organises, et sur tout le parcx)Qrs (|ue devait suivre le cortege presidenliel, la foule sc presse i^nvahissant les lerrasses (jui font face an port, se tassant en rangs serres, de^ri^^e la haie de troupes, sur le boule- vard Ballande que* doit suivre le President, apres son debarquemeni, pour se rendre a pied a la R6sidence, A 8 heures du matin, arrivent la conipagnie d'honneur el la mnsique du 1^*" zouaves qui pren- iienl place sur le lerre-plein de la Manutention niarocaine. Peu ajirfei?, la garde noire, a son tour, se range avec sa iiiusiqae, a C(Me de la tente du sultan qui a 6te dress6e aupr^s du plan incline ou M. Millerand doit debarquer. Des 8 h. 15, le mar^cbal Lyauley fait son appa- rition, entoure de se* maisons civile et niilitaire. S. M. Moulay \c)ussef arrive i 8 h. ;{0 et se rend k sa tente ou le salueni le grand Vizir et les Chambellans. Le inarechal Lyautey va imm^diatenient lui rendre visite. Pen apres, 21 coups de c>anon an- noncent larrivee de VEdgdr-Quinet: les navires de guerre r6pondent et le niarechal, accompague de hautes personnalit6s niilitaires et civiles, s'em- barque sur une vedette pour aller en rade au devant du Pr6sideril. Supplement de \ Afrxque FranQuise de mai 1922. r- ^ :r ) \ • i .s i f. ^ J-: V- 1 ' * . r BULLETIN I)U COMTTE DE L AFRIQUE FRANQAISE I A M Millerand prrud placo sur la harcasse, inaf;nifiquein(*nt d6cor6e a son iiilcnlioii rl ain^- nag(>o eii salou aral)e, que pr^crde une vedette dans laqiielh^ onl pris place quelques peisoniialil^s de sa suite. 1^ baicasse s*avance lenleniriit. nia- jeslueusement el aceosle au lerre-plein. Le lenips, leg^renienl br'unieux jusqu'aloi*s, sY^claircil et e'esi sous un soleil radi(»>ux et |>ar uii beau eiel d'Afiique (jue le President prend uii pi*e~ niier ciiiilacl avec la leire niarocaine. S. M. Moulay Toussef s'avance ininiediGteineiil au devanl du President auquel le pr6seiit(* le iuar6clial Lyautey el lui souliaite hi bieii venue. iM. Milleraiid prend place, sous la lente imperial e, sur uu si^ge dispos6 a e6te de eelui de Moulay Youssef, et apres quelques instants d'eutretien au eours (luquelil expiinie au sultan sa profonde satis- faction de pouvoir lui din* de vive voix toule la sympathie et la j^rande eslime de la France pour s^ personne el son entiert* con fiance (^nveis le peuple marocain donl le loyalisnie ef la valcu- reuse collaboration pendant la gueire onl elean- dessus (le tout eln de (]/isablanca et ;jran(lr n ojr (faeces ^ui le port. Les terrdsses. les ti'ottoirs. sur l(*squcl> la louh* essaic de d('d)onler b" corxlon des troupes, sont noirs de nnmdc rl la joule respectueuse, laai^ cluileureuse. ac(dam«' Innguemeid. au pass«in;r, Ic nipi^sentaid de la Fraiicr. HoulcNard (b* la (ian', arrrt dcxanl If aon\cl inimcuble de la lionr^c de (lommcrce et de lOfficr economiijiK' <|iii a rrv le Palais de Mers Sultan. coristruile (Ml nioiiis (b* deux mois. sur remplace- meiil des auciennes murailles de la ville imli^ A rarriv('e, les honneurs lui sont rendus par* la garde noire et il [)6nelre dans la salle du trone ou a nouveau, b^ sultan lui soubaite ia bien venue el I'assure de ses sentiments de fidfele (collaboration avec la France* dont il apprc^cie tr&s vivement le r(q)r('\sentaid au Mai'oc, b» rnart^cbal Lyautey. Ensuite, cVsl le letour en ville el la visile* du Lye(>(» dont la [)arfaile oiganisation reli(»nt toutt* son attention (^t c(dle de M. Merard, ministre d(* rinsti'uction publique. 11 lui est, par cette premifue visile, donm' de constater les trfes gros efforts acconiplis pai* rAdminislration du niarechal Lyautey pour deve- lopper renseignement public au Maroc. Le but poursuivi a ^'le double : d'abord, assurer rensei- gnement i\ nos jeunes Fran^ais, eidanls de colons, de fonctionnaires, d'officiers ainsi (ju'aux fils d etrangers (mropi'ens ('^tablis dans les villes; en- suit(% le rel^venient inlellectuel et moral de nos pi'ol('*g^s indig('*nes en leur apporlanl, sans toule- fois beurttM' bMirs croyances leligieusc^s el leur8 tra- ditions, l(*s bienfaits de nos m6tbodes d'instruc- lion. Avant 1!)12, il n'exislait au Maroc que quelques ecoles fraiK^aises installees dans h\s ports et en- tretenues |)ar la Lf^gation de l^'rance et par I'AI- lianc(* isnielite. Des relablissem(*nt de notrt^ Prolectoral, bi dir(M*tion de I'lnstruction j)ubli(|U(\ nouvellemenl creee, a ouvertcbaque annee, d(^ nombreux^tablis- sements et (Voles (]ui, cbaepie jour, lanl est grande laffbnMK e des eb'^ves due aux j)rogn'»s de notre influence morale se iM've'dent insuffisants. En 1!^21, il (\\islail plus de 2(10 (Ecoles comp- tant environ 2").(IOO ('leves, dont plus de 70 6coles franco-arabes el comprenant leMiseigneinent sup6- ri(mr, Lenseignement secondaire, re^nseignement primaire. renseignein(Mit pndes-iionnel qui joult [)armi nos prot(>g<^^ dune favenr d(^ plus en plus manpuM* r\ des coui's du soir. L(» Pn'»sidcnt desceml. ensuite, veis llnipital ou il est recu [)ar M. le uK^deciu inspecteur Oberl^, directeui" gi'in'ral du ScM'vicc de santi'* et ddiygi^ne publique du Nbarof . eidour<'' de s(*s [iriiicipaux co]labonit(MH>. .\prcs un dejeuner Intinie a la lU'sidence, le Pn'»sidenl recoil les officiers de la garnison (^ui lui sold pi-esf'tdes individuellemerd , puis a ;) h. Ifi. le cortf'j2e se forme jK)ur la visile aux cbantiers du [)ort. .\ renln''edelagrandejele(\ un train special, com- pose d(^ (piatre piales-fornies. attend le Pn^sid(*nl et l(» coiiduil . ainsi ipie sa suite. jus(pi'a re\tr(^n)ib' de la i^^rainb* jet(''e. M l)el|)it. directeur general des Travaux publics, et riMgenieur-direcleur des ServicN^s tecbniques de la Cr Scbneider donneid i\ M. .Milb^rand toules explications tecbni(]ues sur les travaux (Miti*e[)ris el leui' (''tat (Pavancement. 11 a enlre pas dans le cadre de c(d article de consacrer un long d(^>v(doppement au programme (Peu^emble du Piolectorat en ce (jui eonciirne ramenagemenf des {)orts du Maroc, el en particu- lier de ceini de (Casablanca. — liMl — UKN SK 1( ; N KM ENTS COL(tN 1 A I'X .Nous iru\(ni>, |()utcl(>i>, ulilc (Ic (Idimcr ;i iios l(M*t('m's nil aprivu d ('iisniihlr (1('> lia\v[ (Ic (lasahlanra dcssrit la (iliaonia, Irs HiMii-MrskirH'. Ir Tadla. I(»s llchanina. ct pnni' <(m'- L'lMis pi'odnils. la llr|^i(Hi dc Mai'iiikccti. La po[)nlati(>n d<» ( iasahlanca, livs niininir a nolir airivrr, coniptr niainlmanl, pivs dc i().UO(> cnro- piM'ns, rnN iron 10 (100 innsniinans cl l!{.000 isi-a^'^- litrs. sans ((unplcr la |)opnlali()n llottanlr. (Casablanca rsl la ^zrandc \ illp dcs affairrs. ((die on la conslrnction a pri\ nn rssor considerable, on d(»s enlreprises in)int)i(Mises r\ sarirrs se soni ins- tallers, oil dc*s nsines se sont civei^s. on do vasles fondonks re^oi*;zent d(* inarcliandiscs. oii (rim[H)r- taiils capitauN onl ele employes. (lasablanea <'st notrc |)rrniier point di* contacl avee h* Maroc occidental cl l(\s cNencincnIs ont fail d(* ce poi't la principalc ti'^h* de li;jnc i\{' tout Ic commerce maicHain. II importait done an pins liant point (pie Ton proccdal a son amcnai:cment ct (piOn cii lit nn inslrnnicnt (\r Irafic ((Miimci'cial sntlisamnuMit bien a^MMicc |HMir repondre anx bcsoins d(» pins cii j)lns irnmds dn Maroc ('conomicpie. Lc pro;;raninu* (h^s IraNanx a (de [)oursni\i sans la moindre inlcrrnplion pendant tonte In |)eriodi(|nc (\i' i^nei'i'e cl. a I heni'c aclncllc, l(*s rc- snltats arcpiis sont Ics sni\ants ; Lo |)ort dc (iasablaiua. en l!H2. coinprenail nn sim[)le (piai cl (piehpies ma^^'isins Anjoui'd lini, il comprcnd niic ;-:randc jet('M' de I kilonndi'c \ '2 r\ (pii doil att(Mn(ii(' 1.900 in(dres; dcs (]uais (27,-) metres accostabl(*s anx i^rands na\ires. 1.000 im'drcs iiccoslablcs anx pclits na\ires (d anx bai'casses c (i "iOO nielrcs cancsde tci'ic-pleins : 2i).000 metres eaii'i'S de nia;ja OiO tonnes en 1012 a :{0:{d;o:. hnmes en 1!I21. Le inonNcinent dr la na\ i,i:alion ^'est. d ailleni'^. accenhK' dansdes pr(>[»orl i( nis eonsidi'-rables [)()nr rensenible dn Maine. dcssciNi. nntre le port de (lasablaina jiarernx de Mo;jador. Saffi. Maza;-ran. Fcilalali. liabat el Krniira ponr les(pirls il a r{r (''IzaleiiK'iil |H'e\ II des li'a\ anx d'aiiK'na^-renienl tons en c(Mir> d ex^'cnf inn. Kn 1!M2. 2.7:»2 nasires. jan^eanl 2 ili.:i(M) lon- iH's fre(pieiilai<'iil Irs perls marocaiii^. I'ji 1020. (»n coni[)tail l\.2'M na\ires jan;.'eant 3..'{22.7*i2 Inline^. Sni er drrioei mnnbre 2.H)2 na\ ii'e> jan;-:eanl 2.^24 N7'> tomies hatlaient [^axil- Ion francais. La comparaisdji du c(^inmer((' ext(''rienr (\\\ Mai'oc en 102il el en 1021. derni(''r(* niUK^e |)onr larpndle nons possedinns des stalisti(jnes comphdes. est pent-(dre pins impressionnante (Micore (d fail ressortir. de laeon frapparde, le d('\eloppement economiqiie |)arti(ndi(''remeid rapi(l(* de ce pays. Ln 1012. le eonimerce ext(Tienr total dn Maroc RENSEiM-MKNTS COLONIAUX. — Pf® 5. s(^ (liiffrail par 177 7d7 72ii francs: en 1020 il att(d|j;nail I 2li0.i{4!l.r»21 francs. JN'ndaiit celle im^me peri(Mle, la |)ail (1(^ la France dans le com- merce marocain passail do ilLIH (*n 1012 a fi.'Jdl!) 0/0 en 1020. Apres la Nisite du port, le (()rl('';^M' p|-esidentiel se diri^MNi vers h^ (piarlier des Hoc lies Moires ponr \isiter ILsine d(*s (Ihaux el (iimerits, dirij^ee \uiv M. Andrienx, pivsid(Mil de la (;haml)ie de com- merce. Le (piaiiier des Koches .NOires. d(* liss(Mnenl du ProbMdoi'aL il n y aNait, [>our ainsi dire, au Maioc, [las d'in- dustrie (MiroiM'cnne. (]ell(» epocpn* est une periode de latoniUMncnt : les capilanx se porteid lout d abord \ei*s le comm(MC'e el rajii'iculture. Puis. [)eu a pen, (]U(d(pi(»s iiuhistnes se cie(Mit, puis. sur\i(Md la ;j;nerir. La ;j:nerre. ^race a la p()lili(pn' de haute enver- gur(^ dn mar(''cbal Lyautoy n'a pas, C/Omnn^ on aurait [)U le craiiidre. arrt'^le court \r developpo- im^nt indnstri(d du IM'obMdoral. Tonte la vi(». (''conomi(|ne du pays, |M»ndaid c(dle |)erio(le lra^d(|ne, decoule de la fnrnnilp. ('ripee en principe. (bvs 1(» d('d)nt, par \r '^vwrvnl c'ommandafd en (lief: « t ii cliantier vaut un balaillon. )> Kn nn'^me lemps (jne s'exrciite le pro^ramim* des travaux [jublics nec(\ssairos a la mise en valour dn pays. d(»s industries nouvelles se crtMMil. tani [xaii' salisfaire aux Ix^soins locaux (jne pour r(''pondr'e a rap|)(d de la iuelro[K)le. Ln 1!I;2I, (" ('sl-a-(lin» au bout d(* nenf aniUM^s seulenient de I *r(de( tenil . nn recensemenl des iiiduslries enrop(''ennes domiait les r(''sultals sni- \anls : 2(IS (dablissenieiits r(»[)resentanl. comim* valenr de capitanx (Mi;.^ag(''s, pres de I7i millions de francs. Apivs line \isite a I InVpilal indi;j:ene (d a Tecide in'ofe^sionnelle de la l'(»nne Hlan(die. le President se rend place de I'Vaiice. on il doil [)i*oee(J(*r a une remise de (b'Cornl ions. Les trou[)es forment un vasle earn'* snr loule la lar;jeur de la place snr lacpadle se [)resse une fonle immense. Apn'^s ('(die ('(''r(''moiii(V M. Millei^uid tf7iN(M'se a pied tonic la place (l(* France et rentre a \i\ Mohi- denee on il prend (pndipie n»pos aNant de se reiidre an bancpiel (|ui doil avoir li(Mi a 10 h. 30 a riiiMel lvxc(dsior, L (*st dans une salle cwnee a\ec b* meilleur ^^oul (I on rattendait une ass(Miible(Mle pp's de 2.'10 per- soniK^s, (pi(^ M Mill(M*ai]d fit sou entree et prif |)la((* /i la tabb* d'houneur outre le marechal Lyant(\\ (d M .Xndi'ieux. president de la (Ihainbn^ de conmierce de Casablanca. A la droite du marechal, M. Bei^ard, miuistrc de rinstruction publiq\ie-(d des Heaux-Arls ; «• V I \ , I \ + „ V » \ ^ .'. -'i -i 4 -< 1 i ♦ * t ■ .-1 -xX M7 --- —4 n«a ^tM— "1 HUlJ.K/ilN Dll COMIIK DK I/AKRIQUK KKANrAlSK (l(^puf^* Har(^ly; le secn'lairr ;j iii i| (|ii l^ioh^i- torat tM M. dc* Koii8 l)ni'«»auA d(*s (ihaiiiluos d(* (onmu'rcc i- ilt'id d(' la (iliaitd)n' da coinincrct^ Ip niaivclud Lyaidcv proaoiira Ic discniir:^ bnJNiiid : OuuikL (liti|s la iiiutinrt' illi 27 hwW IUI'2, je i'r(r\ai> an (^hiHi'titT griirriil tin I U' corps d ainirr a llcinirK, iiii coup dc trdrplioiic (Ir M Ic rninistiM' dc la (lin rre Mittcraiid, iiTaii noii(;aiit (|n»' I(» (Iniisril des iniiiislrt's jirosid** jwif M Hay ruoiid Poiacuir venait {\v me d^'>i^[icr j)oiir lu licsidciur ^riieralc du Maroi*, ji^ nc sou^rais ^ucrr que, dix aus apres. pirsquc jour pour j<»iir, j aur'iis I insj^iH' iMHincur r, a sou anivcc siir Ir sol 'uiarocain .^oii ccrlub (pie j tMis^t^ olr sur[)ri> (|u il dul un jour (^lr( ia\<'sti par la rouruiiu'r dn m^:& ctuuitoyrns dc la charge ^uprcinc ({u d c\r,'r<' si DohU'iiicul . au f^iand profit dr riioaiuMii'. (Ic la x'curitr v\ (tc rautorit('' dc u(drc pay> Mai> coMuncnt nurai>-jc pu supjMiscr (ju'api'f's di\ ans j'oci'u pcrais cucorc U' pobtcuutiiu I ui appitjajt sa couliitlicc, offrant ainsi uu cas pcu hahitiud dc longi^viii^ aduiini^lratiNc? Kt &). LTiacc au (■oMC(iur> dc lnus, Taction gonx cnicniciitalc a pii a>(>ir a«i Maroc (jiichjuc cfticacilo. c ('>t. coniuic jc Ic icdU a toutc occasion, hicn plu> m ccttc conliniiitc (pia iiion tMinililc pcr^oniic (|u i| taut en n^portci' Ic aiciitc Mni:?. ccttc continuitc (dli'-uKanc, dc (jui t'^t-clU: Ic lait >inon tie deux li(Mnun> (jui, dnpuis cc> di^ an>. prc>(pic sans iidci ruption. ui. lour coidiancr affcctucu>c. Icurt» C(»nlil'il^, M Alc\andic Millcruiid ct M lias rnond INuncart'^ .'' l*uis(juc aujourd hui iin tc| liDuiicur njjclioil. lai^-»'/. ih< m \ous dire, Mcuisicui" Ic President. c(iinl)icn jc >ui> firr dc \ ous prnscjilcr Ic Maroc. ^a cohuiic fri(n«;ai>4'. ^cs foni tinH naircb. son aruif»c. «jui. dcj)ui> di\ tn\> rivali-cnl d cfloit> cl (Ic vaillancc |M)ur reali^cr |(cu\rc «|iii \ ij ^t' dcNclojipr: Kile n a pii - iicc poptj|alinM> de la c(de it de> |dainc>. acc()ulurnf*cs de^ loi^^leuip^ a nnlrc conlael. lalxn'ii ij-e-. a;ji'icolev. cnninici eaii te«-. el pai r< iiiv»'(jin'ii| |tacifi(jiM'>, el (|ui al triidaiciit aiixieu^enirn t I tnuie on elle^ sci-ai(Mil lilx- rf^cs de lanariliic e* i\ii (\i'^t)i\\rr li iic lani jainai:» Inn Idler. UiHis ue >ou|UU;s \in» lei de.-^ •• enn(juciants . hmi^ \ ^ofuinc^ de< u pacificH It nr^ < • p< uplr. daii>- -a ^on elile. n a pa- 'ii it elie ^ouun- par lev aruie-« : {''('>\ Ini tpii s'c>l d(tiin('' a noii^ el ijiii nou- a aide-, iHuis aide ti>uj(Uir::i el nou- aidcra juxpi a la tin. u Mtunicltri le> ;zr(Mipcfntfid> re|Hi( laii'e> i\v nicin^ en ntoin- noinhiciix, ipii depui'- de> siccl«> \i\aient du d« x)r(lre et de la ra[tirie. ant a reennnaiire Ptnte antnrilr I'lahlie (Jiiejle pieUNe jdu^ eejatanle du loyall-ine dr ee pr|||(|r ipir la con>tance awe laijiiellc i| a rehi>le. pcinlunl le> cinij ann« e- lragi(juefc. aux forniidaide^ >u^|^c>lnui> exteiieuio ' hlic^ n'ont pa> reussi a ('branler nii jour la tidclite de- pnpula lion> souuilse> (t n nut jtas aunin* one reL'revvion Hjcn inleuK. pendant ccs nieine^ annee>. tnul en ei.nlriliuanl "MIk- r«dA(die a untie effort sur !(♦> front:? mameain- il n a pa- ce Ic dehul, la Kiancc a cu I ine>tiiuahlc cpniours de Sa Majjote II hidlan M(uiley Yoijsbid, apportanl a I etublissp- ineid de notre Pndectorat le Imnt appui de s(ui aulorite henditaiic. dc son principal ndi^jeiu, i|e 8a e(uifianee ine- liraidalilc dans la justice dc notre cause (d dans ims desli- iie<'«>, el la «()llahoralion a( live (d loyale de son Magh/eii. II ne lue bcmhlc {uid (ju il uiappurliiqnH; de aietendre xir \v> nn*riles d(* inns coiliiliorHteuri^, civiis id niilitaires, puis(juc jc suis ici le |)reiiiier des foin tiiuuniires (d le pre- mier de> siddat^ ('/est a vous seul, Monsieur le I'li'sident , (pn' levienl, l(us(pn* vous aure/ vu leur ifuvre, de la jiigcj' (d de I appreeici* J({ vnux 4iinult*ment rendre le reconaais saut iiommage (pic doit Inni' <^hcf a leur devouernent r\ a Icur discipline*. Mais vouh ue !Ue pardonnerie/ pas de ne pas temoi^iM'r devard you^s de cv que le Maroc doit a ecs tnnipes. pttiini les(]U(dles je suis ue el j'ai vi^ou (outH ma carriere Elles sont la-has, en j^vanl, oi| vous ulle^ Ins vays. doid la Uirrii^n* de leia> poitriiu^ri est la garantie (d la sanvc^zarde Otte mis«' en (I'uvre du p'lys. sous la prole(dii)n d<'> Iroupcs, e'est laMivic des c(d(m> (d, j Cu attesic, e'est une nnic cam|wigm' ijue la leur Voi( i dix ans qm* jc Ics vois h la la( In-, ct c(dte lAche reunude a 1 epixpie autrcment hun- tainc on vinrent ici, hraxant taut da riisques el de perils, les premicis nationanx Irum/^iis (le qm* fut C(dte rud(; peiiodc pi'cparutoii-e. cc (jne fut la lAclic ini^'ratc id [)aticnte des K'pi'csentants dc la France dans leur lutle (jnididicnin' eontre taut d(* difficultes et <1 emliuehes. Ii*s temoins en >(Md encore ici i\o soul eux qui. a lauhe du Pr appoitercnt leur solidc appia td leur i'xperii'ncc epron- \ri' (d jc rcmplis un devoii' de conscience en adrcssani ce ^alut aux premiers pioniders de I'o'un ic fran(;aisc au MarcM I'uis. a\(u' Ic l'r(de( torat, ce fut Tafflux soudain. ({U( Ique- fois pres(pn< ti»rrenl»al Cr (pi i| realisa, vous en a\(«/- deja cu nn a|)cr(;u anjourd hui, daj|5» ee (iastt|)|i|nc4i (jui est, avant toul. 1 (cuvre d initiatives priv(''c> et dV»ner^ie> (pic rien n'a lassees 1^1 joic iU' iioti'c [Mitrioli>inc ne pent sc d(^feiHlrc de (pnd(]ue (U'^neil en ctutstatant rr magnifi(pie t(Mnoi^na;jc dc la vitalite dr mdre race. iU' ^a facullc d Cxpanrsion. ct* ilcfi a ccux ipii ox'iaient enc«M"e uier se- aptitudes i-oloni- >at rices Kile a <-onnu les plu> dnr»'> hcurcs. 4cttc \aillanle eelonie IraiKViisc : pendant la ^imrre. on il liii a falln Icnir Ic coup a\(M' uniycns el un persomnd riMJuit- dc jour en jour, aujniird lini. oii il liii faut lutlcr cnidrc la tenilde eri<>c (|ni - C-l aballne -or |e monde r\ a laipo lie le Mamc iie pnii\ait a\ nil la prch'idion d ('chaj^per A lra\f'r^ qindlc.- diffieullcs mui (cuvre s C^t faile el -c |H)tii -nil. nul ne le .-uperieure- ne me pcrnielleiil pii- d\ apportei lou> l»'S *Joula«.'einenl - >jNe jc \(»udjais. il y a d(!i inf»>rtune- (pie je nc •-anrui> nieemi naitrc et don) jc |mrtaf;c le- an^nusse- II l.'ur lant Inller, el eontre les element-, et ceii're le >n\. (d an-^i i(»nlre laiil d II \ jiel lie et ile l|-iere- |.r- ei I ( < «|| - | ;i||(c- nmh- Imiii nl a pa-.-ef |i't»p site, .Monsieur le I'l'-ldenl pour \'>\\ ImuI ( c ipn* rtMonxrc Av lalteur in^'ral, i\i- dcecplnno partni- Ten -enddc di' lo'usre r^'alisiMV l,a d«derenee cl la di-eieti(i|i \Miiv (11 eii--enl traillenr- «'[»ai>:ne le delail. niii- e r-l a nun (pi jl appartn'iit d«' le- raina>-<'i- (luu \u*^\ jmhii \ on '- dire ((nnlMcn ici le colon ot iin'ritHnt et cdndnen ler-qn il r«'n-nnt ici aiipre- {\r nous r\ qui noii> (uit apporit^ daii*» h- dine- JMiirc- i\i la j/uerre hsir pin- loyal coucoui'- Allne- on nculrc^. ilWa oip couiiii, e|les au^^i. ic> diffi- cullc> (d le- ri^ijUc>. Mai-, ( ri ((die heiire nniipic oil le Cln f de TKlal frain.'ai^ fait a e(»He jeune c(d(niie f'htniin'ur in>i^'ne de la visiter, tmit s ouldic Ca' (ju'ellc ressent en voq^w i(<;evaid. cot la gratitude pour I em ouia^eraent aan- prix que voui vcac/ lui apporter. le-peir qu ejlc (oiule sur lappui (juc Ini assu- I'cra plu> que jamais v rdre ex p<'Tience avertie. If^mulation (pie Ini d'Muo' re\cMipU' dc \(drc \ ic |/nite de travail id d<- — ll)^s — RENSICIUNEIVIENTS COI.OKTauX 1 iiiUT(;>>('liH'nl voiur -an- rrlaclit' an >«'r\ ice dr la Palf|«' iHt'll-JlillHM* .Ir le\(* iiHHi \ errr vi\ I Iidiuumii de la Frauccv l)u (ioiivniit'mriit dc la Krpuhliqur, h«* M AIr\aiu|rt' Millciaiid. jirrsidt'iil dr la lirimhlKjin I lanraisc Le l*r<'sis>rns ]u inciiihn^b dn Ma«.di/,<^n, dcs «^'rands (laids dn M()^hr(d>, dn fjlorirux Holdal <|ui a jMulc hiir ctdlr {vivv. \v ^ri\\v de I Ordrt^ id iW I i>r|4ttiii ^alioii Iraiiraisf, ilr nos comjwilrioU's (|iii coidiiiucMl jci U's tiaditioiis tir uidrt' raci* «d (Irs rfpivst'idaidn d uui^ <|niM'<' <|ui poi'l^*, sous Irs drapcauv associrs dc hi I'raiKH' r\ du MariM*, un prcstigieux palrimnhic dc gloirr La visile qui' je fais aujourd liui «'dail dur a l<»us cvu^ (jur jt' \ iciis dc grouper connnc Ir laiM^'au drs f(»n«\s, dch iultd- li^^rnct's (d dr> lidrjitus qui coiistilut'iil ici Ir prolougi'iiput dr la Kraiicr Kllr (dajl dur rii pai liculicr a S M Ir ISullan (jui, prtidanl lr> (piatir anricrs d uiir longuf Ht i\\\vv guiM'rt', a rlt; rallit* inidjianlaldr doni Ics aripeb >»<* soul iii'quis uuK^duirr iiuuiorlidlr 1 1 (Uuil li^s Imupcb ouluffii'uie, jusqua uii |H)iid tjui ua jaujuis elr drpnssi'. ceg vrrius ^jurrriorrs que Tlslani (*(>n>rr\r jtomnir uru^ tiaditioii vn.iic du plus loiiitaiu lrou[u:s uiuna'aiitr^ a jiidr ii nqH>ust3('r gloiiru^ciiicnl uiir iMJu>h' a^'rrssiop. a pour Ir SMiiNcntin du Maine iinr /jratiludr dout jc suis liru- rt'ux de lui appnrirr Irvprrvvion FL si. nut ««b poiul. j ai rl«» dt'vaiico. j HJ plaisir a [)riiK)«:r cpu' Ic prciuii'r IriuuiMUu^J'' d<^ la rHi'Uiuiaissaip't; dnh (iouyrriit'iprMt^ allies u «(<* apiuu'U' iri [\iii Sa Maje^lr Ir Uoi drs Uriges. Lnnioii iqiirr la Francr r\ Ir Maror donI uia jjrrsrnrr pairui NOUS rsl, rii quehpir ^nrle. la rnub^^cpaliou — ^rst nnih'c ni nil laj»^ (\i' lrmp> rtoiiuaiuuuuil (uuirl i.e uuTJIt^ ♦'U doit idrr rr[Mq-tr d almrd a ((lui (pM ax'i la col laliof^i lion loujour> lojair dc Nolrc Majc>l«' rl dii Magl^/.cn. a r{v Tai" lisan dc ccllc crqvrc Iccoiidc V'ous n'l^tch pa> U* pn'uiici. M()n>icui' Ic MarrrUal, (pii ayei prevu i'uUm ii* (i(»u\rrncnit*Ml iU' la llcpubliqur v\ \y (jouvcrMenuuit (ilicrifiep, ccl accord ipliuic (|uc uou^ \u>(uis aujourd'hui si hcurcusruicul rtuili'^r Prrparrc [»ar iiioii chrr (»t rcgrcltr auii Hevoil, rulrrprisr a\»'c uiu' uuUtiisc piciuc {[(' prudence rt dr tact par M Saint IIhiic Taillaudiar. Tola horalion du l*rolc(;lnrat fraueais liWiil rtc CJUJliiupr. a\(c uue fui pas^iojipcc. [»ar M I Andl^il^^a^ltur |(rgimi||i || n a pas de[>endu dc eel auji ^iiirci-c rl liih'dr du Ma^di/rii que jatnaij< un<* izoutlr i\i' ^anjj fraiujai-^ iir roulat snr ((die triir niaroc.aine. Dcs rcarlion^ a\ru^lc^ ct luulalt'^ uont pus laissr a Tcv^r lutioM pucifiijuc du Maror Ic lrp^l^ dc aacrumplii Du mkuu.^ a til el('' donnr a M lirLiiaiill (fc iiudtrr la signature {\r la Fntncr au ha^ du trailr dr l*i*otertoral. ct. a re litre parini hcaucoup ^l"autrc^. Ic ^niivciiir q\i \\ a laisse au Mai'oc n»eri tail d ctrt^ rapptde aujimrd lu|i (I'cst a vmiM, Monsieur' Ic Mari:il)i»l qu il »tait rr>cr\r d'acdirvri" Im tilihr. Faire le laldeau du Mann auuecs suqr Ich luille a:spcct.- par Ic^ijucls (dlr a s^dlicitr \idrp artiyitc et reclame vo^ (flints. l^ I'ruiU't' n.iurait pus etc (iihdr a cUcmciiu', »i. en \ruaut dan^ rr pay> pour y rciii|dir Ic r(Me dc ur()l(5<'lcur ct {\r ^Miide, ^on [Mciniri' ^onci n a\nit pas t\v n'y repatidre liustruotion. d y fuirtJ |(^tfrier Ui juslusc. d nnga^er parloul la lutle cupln< liKUornnec, I uriiitrHirt' et la miberc Taut frauc.aisc's (pic frjinco-arahc.s (d francu-isrtteli|,^», il y a maiutcuant au Maror. jdus dc deux i'{'\\{< (ioolcs, suns 'omjttcr les ecolr^ uiu-^ulrnanrs. ni les ccolcs ouvroirs ppup Itis jcuneb filles. donl le suc( es a ^^ si coinplet. L (H'^^anisatigp ju4ipi«ire (ran^^jbii s^hl lftns^)r[t)« »iir 1 elle lene nmroi-aine Hve(! inut ue qu clia ca^iparLe dc ^aranties jxuir Ir justicialdc taiidi- <[\\r la jii-lic^ rnusul uiaijc, scru[uileuscnient i*es[)ci'tce daus son c>scure, ctait rcforiiH'c cl ciuitioloe nwr \h preoccupttlioa, nQtaiUBient, d'assurci" la prolec tion aussi l)isistancc nn)f maladcs, Ic l*roteciorat sc^l attaidic i\r^ Torigine, a d(^velo[)[)er lea pre- miers organibnics \\vcii par la France Le service de I'assis- tance qni(lie4ile fonetionne aujonnl'hui dans ILi postcK Des liApitanx out etc anieiiujjes a llJihat, (Casablanca, Fez, Mel^neb. Morrakech, Maxagau. L'n lahoratoirc ccntniJ, dcis eliniques sp^emles coinbalunt les fleaux |es plus rei que les arinees cniieuiies pous>al«'nt leurs trau(ln*es jn!S(ju a nioins de 100 kilometres dc Faris Kntrr Irs \ ieilirs cltrs du Mogbnb C(uuine entre leurs jcunes >(i'ur> crcccs a r(nubre de leurs bautrs ipuiailles. Fiut(dligcnce organlsalricc (\c lu France suppriuiait eij up*me temps les distances A j)eine a-t-il puse le [lied sur la terre marocai,nc, le Frau- eais s I'st m(uitr(^ fidele a sou giMiie de grand ci)nstruct4iur de routes IMus de iLOOO kilometres de routes layonncnt aujourti liui sur Ic Maroc On assislc a ce >peeta(d(; (jui. 11 y a (pud(pies auuec> seulcm(Mit. edt paru un n*»ve, un jeu de ces imaginations qui se plaisent auK antici[>ations Je Fave- nir Fautom(d>ile passant dans un buirbilloii i\i* [)OUSsi(U'c la oil cheminaicnt le> leutcs caravanes, sur Ir^ pisto toi- tucus(;s, bi)U(Mi>es riiiver (d dures au^ pieds de-. rbanndirr- ;>ous le grand sidcil de Ftdf^ Sans doulc. en luatierc {\i ( hcmins dt^ fer. Ic Muf'^m- n a pa^ (!nc(»re depa^s('' la [teriode de> ligncs miliblirc^. ipai:? (b^ja ium> tou< lions a la fin d(* c(dtc <»[MMpU' transitoii-c IUms lra\anx soul romnirnres en beauroU[> de. points, >uv un ^'ranil iioinlnr dc kil<»m(drrs I/anin'*r nrocbuMie ue s'a(d)e vera pas san> (pic dcs villes iuil)ortantcs nc solent reliiM's. au lra\(Ts dc campagnes prospr^r-es. [tar pri\ i lrgi(''S. S[drndriir> iiilac(e-. car (\i'-^ soiiis attrntif> et e(dair(^s rutoureut ici 1 In'iitagr icvjirrlablr tl nnr {{v-- pins \ irilles ci\ ilisat ion> iln m(Ui(|c (Iracr ;icn\. rbrf> d (J'U\ \i' dc llsiaiu. Fmir rraliser ce«* (euxi'cs dc paix daii^ (-(' Maror (»n la L'licrrc n a |UU) en(M>re ('e^s<> de fairt^ ent(uidrc. i^\^^• qu(dque< points, ^a clamcur furirn^r. 11 falhut qur 1 ainr d un aidistr iiiirnr' Ir Mnrechal. la paix fianrai^c Ancc (^e seqs pr<>f(nnl ^\r la p>y( luj|<»gir acquis an roiitai I pn>long('» de FAme indigrnc. avcc la priKdi-alion (pic vdus donuail F()tude palientr ct i»at>>i(Uine^' de la mentalite musulmaiic. v()p:3 av(*/ rendu c-e p(tu[)b' U s(^s deslinees veri- tubl^b. Avcc \h sttcuritc. vops \\\\ uvti^ d(*pue la j^iossibilitr dc re.vciiir a ^c> idu^ b)intainc< traditi(uis (iracc a vous, Ic p^ysau cultiyc sa terre- l>Hit ses troupcaux sans av^ir a redouier (fuu les uxaetious et les pillages aaeant}s»HHt Ihs fruits (le son tiavail Von< avc/. innlliplie bs jardinb (I essai. \^^ ftit^ies exM^f*i^p'ptale>. le.s ('on<*(un> ag^'poje*^. fait re- rlH'rchcr Ic- [»oint> d'eau, fa\()ri>e la mot<)cult urr, iiilnnluit v' — I(l'* / ' BUM.KTIN ])V COMl'IK DK I/AFKIQlt FRANf;AlSE Ir^ |H"Jtt iqiK'v (111 credit a^-Micnlr. rvvv (lr> ( lliaiiil)n*> (!<' (loin iiirnr ct (1 \;.'n(Mllurr el ri('ir> iii(li;^riir> dc* pii- \ nyaiMT Vous iir iiic [uii'doimcrir/ [m-. M(^n^i^ll^ Ic Maitrhiil. m jOriK'tlals i\r miiliM' honuiiM^c a cciix (jui nous out aid«' dans crUc tJtchc Jc mi(HiNsi(Ui dc la ^i-aliliidc dti (idii vriiiciiHid dr la U('piitdi({iir II m (*sl iiiliiiiincid a^^rrahlt' ilavoir a rcairicicr Ic (lorps l)ipl()iiiali(iiir d avoir hicii vniilii lionorri' dc sii in'cscnc** crttr (M'lM'iMonir jxi Kraiicf ^na M'nsihlc a la coiirloisir (ju il a leinoifiiM'r a >ori rcpivscii laiit «'ii Vfiiaiil Ic salucr a son ariivrc en Icnr marocaiiir Vous TMcs ici, MrssitMir>. Ic^ Icinoin^ iiii|>ai'(iaii\ dr iios cflOits. Vous ((Uiiiaisst'/ noire souci dc ('(►ncilier racconipli^^riuf ul dr notrr niissiiin avcc lidjscrvalion (1(»s trailcs id Ic rr>|M'(t dcs droils dr vos irssorlissants Ui France pour-nil >ous \(>s ycux, an Mai'oc, dans lintcird dr la ciN ilisat ion, iinc rntrr|)risc diitilitc niondiahv .Ir dois iin Irihnl d'cio^r> liini mmtmIcs an\ Inrndionnaircs IVanrais (juc Ir Marcrlial L\antr\ a ;:i'(Hiprs autoiirdc lui ct i|ui, sc Iroiivanl places a pitMl du'iivrc dcvanl uiic (ache immense. (»id appor'tc a cv travail de cnMiliori ct d'or^^anisa lion Icnrs (jnalilcs dc dcvouciiicid . iU' incthodc cl l(Mir >()n(i *\r rii»h'rct piildic J'associcrai a cid hoinniaizc la I'olonic tfancaisc ail >i Ton doil admirer da\anta^M' rifiitialix e. re>pi'it (!'enlre[Hise on la fid(dite el I ainonr qii file con>«'r\c a la Merc Patrie .1 ai ^^ardc [mhip ina conclnsioii. Monsieur le Mareai-. d(»il otre le plu> sen>il»le a \olre <'(eur- : je ni incline dcvanl Ics soldats inerxeillenx cpii sord voire ^M'ainlc fierle coinrne ils son! ror^^'iieil de la Kiance l/histoiiqnc dc la DiNisioa Marocaine. c ('>< le r^'cil qn»' -nr le fF'ont. m)> rornpafjiion'^ dai'nit's a[)por laicnl a la (IdVii^c ijali olixiuc ♦ t sans doule inoin^ -an^daidc, inrrilait. tdic aussi. la iccon- nais^anee tU' la l''ran<'c «d lronpt'> marocaine- a out pas coiiini h» I'l'po^ apre> la vicloirc, ni la d(tU('cin' dii !o\cr rclroUN r. V(ni^a\c/. repri- ici. Messieurs. \(drr \ ic d austere lahcur. fiu (outai't (le la moil toujour- jii"«'-ciite (judimn/. a fair'c \u)\\r la Fiani'c unc nioi>-on de i^lou'e el [m>ui" la -ceinile et la ;:i"andciir de IFmpire (dn ril'icn . Iran^midle/ au\ jeunev oflieicr- marocain> que vou> Infrne/ a \otre ecolc cc- t ra (lilion- d alirie^'at ion, de couraL't'. ce- \rrlu- mililaires donl la Fraiu'c ol le;:irMueineut Here. Messieurs, je eommenee parini xou- er Nosa^c (|ni n)e conduii'a jusiju aux liniilc- de nolce doniaine afrirain .In reru'onlrcrai . j fn sui- -ui*. Uicii des occasion- d adiiiiier" le ;:»'nie frafirai- .Niillc pail plii^ (juau Maioe. je namai le sentinuMil (iridoud de la izrandeni de la l-'rancc el (\r la He[)Uliliquc Je leve uion \eri-een 1 honiieur do S M le Sultan. A la pro^perite i\u Mai'oc. A M Ic Mar<'clial Lvautev. (>s (liscoiii's fnrent fori n|»|)laii(lis ct I(* rii'^sidnil ^o rctirn i\\\ luilini dune •rrdiidr ovnlion. Azemmour et Mazagan Lr (i a\ril. a S liruros dii nintin, h* (*orU^^^»* prv- 'sidffitiol, ('()ii]p()S('' de .*t»i \ oif iiif^. (]nittulatinn rasablanraisr avail tcnu a saluer le Pj'('\^ideiit ct oiYiupait. luanbrcuse Ics aiicrrs |>ar lesquidlc^ dc\ait pa^bci rautoinobih' piesi- dontiollo. lialtc ia|)i(i(' a TANiation oij devait se faire ie dr»|>art d(* la noa\a si;j:iialiir(' suf nil liM-ednr' l.cs \(>iliii'(*s sc I'eiin'ltcnl ciisiiilc en ronir et Ir c(nic;j:c avanrr a l^onnc allinv sur uim' route t'li parfail rial pclc <« Ics chcniius dcs Andiassadcs >>. Nous s(Mnini's loin, aujoufd'hni . dcs <^ clicoiiiis dcs \ud)assatlcs ". Lc rail ct la route sc prolon- ^(Md chaque jour ct si, dans le 1)I(n1. Ics pistes son! ciicor(* IVc(picnlcs. il u'cst j)as uii centre dc c()unncrc(5 important (pic n altcijjne le cfuMniii dc fer ou la routiv siuon Icsdctix. .M Millcrand aura pu, an cours d<' sa lofi;j:iic randonnce rnarociiine, appr^Mierecs routes (jnicmt etc un facteur si iniporlani du dev(doppem(^nt ('conoiniquc* du pays. Actucdlerncnt. Ic I'cscau routiiM' du Maroc eoiu- porte 2.5(MI kiliunctrcs dc routes [)rincipHl(^s (sin tin total dc d 1 7r> projcle) et ♦kSO kiloinT'tres dc routes secondaircs (^ur nn lolal dc !Hi7 projetc) cidicrcuicnt C(^nslruilcs. ( le i'«''scau I'outicr. iiial;ji'('' uiic cireulalioii aiito- fuohilc {\r plus tMi [)lns intense, est en hon ctal el pcriuid Ic ronl(*nienl dcs ( liaircjlcs de 2 toniu's 1/2 amsi (|uc d(*s ^j^ros caF]ii(ais ('lia!';j:cs. (pnd(pielois. a plus {\i' 10 tontics a\«'c Icnrs rern(U'(]ncs ct donl Ic trafic assure Ics l)cs(nns du conuncrcc inlcrieur qih'. depnis l()n;^4cni|)s la \oic ferr^'c dc in I'dl — la scnli* en exploitation a 1 lieure actnclle — iTcsl [dtis a iiK^nie dc sali^faiic nial|^MM'' le [na\i- niiiin {\i' rcndcnicrd (pTon a ^n Ini donncret iii;il- iivr Ic \r*rital)lc tour dc fori c (pii a <'iuisi^tc a omrirati connncr'cc nnc xoic l)ccaii\illc. luimiti- \cfnent (dahlic pour rcpondr*' au\ s(MiIcv ih'm c^^i li'*^ dcs t ransp(H'ls iniiit(Ui'cs. I.c haii: dc la r(aite que sni\ ail Ic cortc-e pn-^l- dcjitiel. cv n'ctait pas le bled desert. luais dr ikiim- brcusc-^ tcidcs aux coulcur's bi;j:ari'<''es: dcs loiluces {\(' fciaues curofM'enncs ctaieni la (b'nionstralion p(Hir in)s \isitrurs rpic rclforl niarucain sVlait porte ^nr tonics Ics bran(hc> de ractixite c((»iio- nnquc ct (|iie lc< pr(>;j:res d(* raL^ricullurc ct dc r<'dc\air(* iiiarchaicnt parallcleinent a cenx dn com- merce ct de rindustiae. Les SO kilometres qui se|)ar(7d (;asal)lonca d'Azemmour sout parcourus (d h^ eortefzc arrivt^ a !a montee dc la lampe (pii donne arci's a c(dfc petite \ illc. Des caxaliers iudigcncs richcmeut eipiijx's lat- tendent td font la meilleure impression. La villc est coqucdtement deeoree. la population cnticre s'est portee dan^ la prinripalc rue com- ■f — 110 ~ KKNSKKJNKMKN'I'S COLONIAUX ! I iiUMvaiiU' r| acrlamr \v Pri'^sidciil (jui riM-oil uwr su|)rrl)r «^ri'lir dr ficiiis offfite pai' iin ;j:r()U|)r dc li'ois fillcltrs (|iii sr (iclacln'iil des aulrt'JS (Milaiils dc^ (M'olcs, iiiassrs dcrririM' Inirs inailirs td (|ui a;/iltMd louh* iiiic foivt dr drapcaiix. I^(*s pivsciilalinns d(»s incinhirs d(^ la ('.(nmiiis- sioii niuni('i|)ale, (Jcs iiolahlcs iiidij^riu^s td des srcdes israrlil(»s onl lit'u imairdialiMiUMit I'l, Ic Pivsiilrid cidic crisuile sons la leidc dii paclia d AztMninour (|iii liii offrc Ic llu* cl I assiirr dvs srntiinenis dc rcs|MMin(Misr syiiipatliie d(* la popu- lation iiidijii ih'. Lc corle^t' s'csl it'ini> cii roulr el. a II Ikmjit^s iiioiris W (piai'L il ai tin r vn viic dc Ma/a;j:an, ai'nrc dc ;j^i'andr fcic: la \ illc cidicrcnicnl dccorccv a\cc scs habitants |)rcs- scs en Ionic coinpactc pom' acclamci* Ic Prcsidcnl, rcflcit* la joic (d la conlianci'. cl cv nVsl (pi uac lon^nc o\afion sur lout \r jiaiconi'^ (In (•orl('^c picsidcniicl. M. Millcrand est monic a la lo^^^^ia dii premier (da;j:e dn (lordr(M(^ cixil cl la. cnloui'('' {\\\ Marechal. des niinislres ct dc sa>nilc. il assislc a la fantasia «|ne Ini oflVenl h*^ (a\alicrs Dcnkkali. (ietic inani- leslalion indijJ:(Mie se did'onlant dans iin (adrc pillorcs(pie, dcNanl lihcan. a\«M' coninic fond, la \icille lortcrcvsc |)(H lii.L:aisc, a hcllc allure ct est sni\ic a\('c Ic [)lns liaid inhn t par no^ ImMcs. Api'cs (drc descendn dn coidrolc. Ic l*i'(''sidcnl rend nn lionnna^jc pnhlic aii\ ^cr\ ices <'miiicnU I'cndns par noire fidcic allic, Ic pacha d(* Ma/atran. Si Altai Hen (iacenn. en Ini (onlV-raid la rosette (rofficicrde la LcLMon d honncni'. I'll (h'ienncr ("^1 prepare' a 1 IhMcl dc h'rance. Par niM' attention dtdjcalc dc la population, nnc Ncritahic liaie i\i' \('Vi\\\\r. dc drapcanx v\ d ecus- sons donne acces a la rue ahi >nli>s,'ud a llnMtd oii se rend Ic Prc'siderd. ct la laie clh'-iueine, jns- (pi an perron (h^ I hotel, di^parait ^ou^ nn ehcniin dc lapis (d dc hcndxds. Aprt^'s Ic d(''jcnncr. \isitedc la \ille. |iar la jilacc {\i^ la Donane (d la |)laee (iailieni. Le Prt'sident [jcnt s(* lendre eoni|)tc do I actiNil«'» I'oinmercialc de Ma/a;jan doni le p(»il. (pii (\{^>- sert la I'iclic ri'irion des Doukkala assure tni Irafir important . La naluie des importations t"aite> par Ma/Jij^an. est. conune (lasahlanca. Ires \ai'ice (d rt'^poml anx l)csoins les pln^ dixcrs des populations indigene (d cnrop(''cmie. non senlcmeid des Dcnikkala. mais. anssi dune parti«' dc la r('';ii(Ui dc Mairakecli donI le ((unnnM'ce tranortations dcpa.^scnt les imporlations (I attci;j:naienl . en I!I2I. rdl.SSi tonnes cofdre I2.7H2 toiuicsde mar( lianiJiscs imp(ntees. -Ma/a^an e>l le ^ros ceidre nuii-ocaiii du com- nu'ice des o'lds el I aandioralion de son porl. consislant dans la coiistiia tion de j(d('M\s. uuisoirs. Lcri'c-phdns. (piais. derochemenl dt* la \ieille dai'sc porln;iaisc. r\ ()in(»rlure (run(^ |)asse. a;ziaii- dcnn'ul facilile s(*s o[)ei*ulions connnerciales. Marrakech. Deux ccids kiloiiKdres r(\slenl a faire ponr att(Minlre Marrakerh el. sni' ce Ion;:: |i/ireom*s. le corlci^c [)r('*si(lentiel pent adnurin* un pavs d'nne reidle reitilil(''. couverl. sans diseoidiiiuer. d orges (d (l(* hl(''s. La eullurtv en (dftd . est partieulic'- icnn'rit ponss(M' dans Ionic celte region, (pii est un d(*s ;4r(Mnei's du Maroc. Arr(l a Sidi-lien-Nour. on sous de ^raiides Uni- tes, des larraichissenieids onl ^l('' pr(^*[iures par le ( <»fdr6lem\ (dad* de laiuiexe. Sidi-Hcn-Nour est un centre aj^M'icole (d un mar(die indi^icne importaid. (pii. (icndant lon;::- lemps. a (d('* nn des points de ravitfiilleuKMil (h*s scr\ ices de rinlciniaiice. .Ins(pra rarri\(''e an jned du (lut'di/, c'csL Ic Ioujj: (I(* la I'oule, unc fih* irniderFoiiipue d'indi- ;^^enes (|ni. au passajie. saluent le DrcsideMit et sont nnc marque e(dalantc de I^MiliiM* loyalisme. a noire (V'Hi'd des {)opulations inarocaines. I ne halte de (pi(d<]ues instants sous les leides dress(''es a TcntiMM' d(* la [)alin(M'aie. el . A nouNt^an (Ml niaiM lh^ Ic c(M-ir*;ic entr(* a LS Ihmii'(*s dans le (|nai'licr cnropt'cn du (iu(di/. (pi'il suit |)endant ciniron il kilonhdics. tMitrc nne douhle haie de li'onpes. La colonic iVancaisc est pi'esenl('*c an l*ivsi(Jcnl (pii, |)res(ine iinmediahMnent . se i'(Mnel en route \(M> la Medina. Le (pi a ('d('' la r(''ce[»tion de Marrakreli au [)r('*si- dent de la l{epnl)li(pic. les tci'incs nous aiaiHjuent pour rexprimer. .. I ii cadre grandiose (d tecri(|U(\ nn ci(d clair (pii netloyait 1 horizon ct per'nndtail (laNoir cidtc \isi(ni iniprcssionnante du ^uand Alias (dcndaid au loin sc> nei^zes eteriiidlcs, nne populati(ni ^u'ouillanlc. enthousiaste, el dun pitlo- rcs(jnc indcscriptihle. des iuhm/s de cavniiers iiidi- fjencs i'i( luMnent liaiiiai lu's (d caracolaiit dans le hruit assourdissant des nonbas. iU's trcjinjx's (d des tams-tanis... A Tcntive dc la M('Nlina, Ic c(U*feino rnv\ulr li Itahia, nSidouro. i^ Mar iak\\l\ \\\\ mans lial l.\aulo\\ I o lon^liMKun n^atiiL Ir nnvNi^loiU k\{\\ a ini^ vm raMiuo v:n^ \i^i(o I VirntHlal. lluNpilal inililainv los lohUHvuix Nii^^li* a^ ol Ion ji^ixliuN *lr la Maiuouiua \ uu\h. i\ la IWiliia ^ixuul kuujih I ^JtoH jKir lo lu'^>i^loul ol a\U|uoL ou ^lohoi^ ^Ir^ Holabililo> ilo Maiu^kivh asM^laioul, on ouli>^ *lo Moula> Klriss, lo jouu\ fiU \ \i\ \\ M^ I aiilo jMx'^vuloutii llo atnxr vvjr la pla^v l>)\iiK^;\ \I-Kua M Milloix^iul tK\MViul ^^ l\ i\- ImS^ vlo la Kiv>;irKi t^l i^MUiuon^^* ;> pitsl la >ivito ^lov xouWv Kuvuilo \ inUi^ on aulouiolMh ^ttv j^^t- ilinv %U^ la \lx uaK\ |V^^ la Monni'a lo »^mI^^\ 4.a4:no lo luiolu rl lo> \ *Mhuv> o^^la^loi\l U^ 1*1 lUo i>vulo qui mono ju^- IK la fvlalo-ivMino ^Ui KviH v> %K' Kt^> ax ail jn^Ht^ m*> fmitv Ki> an^xnnl A Mai akts h on xouiuL on *>i< «lf^ fvN^K lH>n *iM jK\>v^u»^ U (H^pMlaln^H . i\Uo »^^ Man^iikts h f>^fiV|^^ uvvn<^iw%l »to UmiIo U [s^|^»Ul^*n <>>ir>^^>*niH^ \uvv;t,.i lo !s^vlhM\ ^\^iNhou4. on J^:\^>^14l >4 •i»*< .\o?\r\v ii« tu »i ^NiU«M"H^ ^>«> It's j^H\>^ juvia!^ ^»N^x ,'U) >j^^>\m<^t \iv. r»iH^a> l.«^v »4-\i> j^^ml^^ .s «>Nio »?<^i>» mv|riilH*r« »* »"^* t^n^N^iir^ ^^"^^^ »^ i»»^ Kl^t v^xnit on t^floi v;w ^ ^* o 'vi-^ .-♦fr.tr jn'^ fh,^v>o3K T»M?I. K N4M, ^kr>«^p;i5* ^^K^r; hll^x' -"firv i?r -v i?^^»- ' ;^ iH|>r iiv5r plus vi>anls quo i:aiiloix>nl no^ luM«*^ tlo lf*ur rMinloniuT i\ lia\oi-« lo IiIimI niannain Ni^s vivitour^ onl |mn*onni Maritikeoli au niilioii ilos aoolcuualions ilo louU^ unr |H)|)ulali(ui do pliiv tlo HHKHHI ;\n)os ol onl n^liiv ih* lour pass^'i^M- iku^^ la iinunlo villo salmruMinr rimpn'ssioii ilo fiMxo o( (l(^ slalnlilt^ ilo uiUn* iM^ru|tfitic)n. aiiisi quo oollo do ia oonfianoi* iVHHpni4|no qui oararloris^^ nov i> kuion^ a>>^^ Uivs |n>>loi:o> inaiiMains. Manakooh. |Kun' lo^ >iou.\ MaiXH'aiiis. ovoquo i^'jHMulanl dt^ li-H^iquos souvenirs. C/ost ras>His- sinal du umllunirtHiv IV Mauoliauqk as.si^siuat qui. tvnuuo n^pri'^saillt'>- ui(di\ail liH'oupatiiiu. lo 2^ niai^ !WT, d Oud)^la |vir le manVhal L\aiilo\ i^vujvilion Nui\io. quolqut^-^ iuoi> apnV. jiar la NOiinuwion du jnr\HH«t^ U*rl»t*ro des lk^ni-SQa»4ii (/oxl dono Marrnktvh i|ui a dtN lanrho Taction iiii- lilain* di^ la Kmmv au \larot\ Marrako h nipi^^llo aussi a iH»lrv ^HiNeoir I lu- Nnn>HlhHi rvUtant dans U* Sud quaud I*- 12 iii»ut 1912 ^vHMunMit laUlh allien «ir \l«Hila\ HafkJ rt la>^iHMuont kU M^Hilav > ou^xf . iVMt^ lUMin^vtHHi anu*r>«' HI llitm a >4* {♦nii iain*r ^nhan ol a > onqcirtn tto MvirT5ikf>ih •mj il deli* t»t phi^HHir^ nvitn-^ dr r>trv t^»niiiatrN»te> Ia' irtSrtirHi Lxautt> tK^ .lur Ui UiHixrlk- \u\ {s^r>HMit do «>^ UK^it^nt> rn^oit*, rn t«»u(^ hiit^ *\Mt*fv Kl HiNi U" %>\k^n^\ \kHnc\Wk qui W li m^uI Kr>4i«l«Wi of ai"t>rxe k*Ui df^lait « S»«1h4V»\h4tlhHiAii I '^ntrtH a Mj^rrako^h du irrv»u}»i »iu rN»:»oiH'l >kn>»F? r t^^ •i^^r^ ^*iT^ niftsoriiN v •!>-•.) ^"-7* hkf*< ^i ii>: ik 4j<;k.^ vi-,oiW8'' s^ ijun«- 1^^"^ W'"^J:r »!,>»<« i\u Siwi i^u - i "V I I, i i i I- I I i i • 1 ; I irOLLKl'lN 1)U OOMITK DK l/AFRlQUK KHANgAISE . I I I i s prrssc arclaini* loiif^iieiiUMit le Pi-^sidont. Ij' invlriir {ia;/nr rnsiiitc la llahia, irsidcnci*. a Mai- raki'cli, dii inairrlial Lyaut(*v. Lr h^iMlrinaiii iiuiliir W nnVsidcnl <|ni (i Ini^ iiii ( as(|ut* ;-:fis. \i>il(' rAfruedal. riiopilal iiiililairc, Irs l()inl)i*uiix Siiadit'iih i*l Irs jurdiiis d(* la Mainoimiii. A inidi, a la Baliia. ^rniHl l»aiu|url offerl j)ai' It* lU'sidi'iil (d auqucl, t'li d(du)rs dcs nolabiliU'^s dc Mariakcch. assislait»iit, cii (Uitio de Moulav Idriss, \r jeuiu' fils dii sultan, la jiliipaii d(»s ;j:i*aiuls caids. A 1() li. llO. raiili) prrsidiMdiidlr arris r sin* In place Djeniaa el-Fua. M. Millerand descend a Timi- iree de la Kissaria el coninicMice a |)*h'(l la visile des souks. Knsuil(\ a isit(^ en auloinohih^ des jni- dins d(^ la Meniua. l)e la Menara. le ('orle;je }:a^n(^ h* (iiudi/ el les M)ilui'e*s ej^ealae la plide-loiine du lorl (\v (Mieli/. on a uac \ ue ttdinirabJe sur loul Mariakecli, sa |)laii!e el TAtlas. L« Marechal expli(|ue le rule nnlilaire du (iuidi/. L'(v\peri(M»ce de, Fez a>ait |)orle ses fr'Uils. Ka arri>ant A Manakeeh on vi»ulut, en ens d«» rel)(d- lion du pays, (pie hi |)opulalion ciN ile {\r Marrakeeti ti'ouvi\l un irfuge inuinMlial. D'oii rli(»i.\ de o* poiid sli'aU'gi(pie i'xeepliiuniel conune endroil de refugf* itnun'Mlialdetoule la population europeeinie. Aussihd le haslioii conshuit, on proci'Mla a des exereices de tir d aflillerie avec len pi(HH»s inslal- I('m»s ail soniinet ihi tln(di/.. Leh olais, point('»s n \2 kiloMKdres, loinherent de lantre col(» de In \ille. La |)opulalion indigene conipi'il la le(;on (!<' ((•Il(» d(^un)nslmliou el est toujoni's i'esl(''e calnnv Kile •*ii\ail. en effel . ipi a la nmjudi*' nleile iio> can(mH du (nn'di/i douiinaid la Nille asaieni jeu facile pom* exereer sm* (die de leriihles repi-c- i^ailles. . . A[)ivs ees ex|)licaliiaiH snr le lole niililaire du (lUeli/, le Mart'clnd ex[)li(jU(^ les coneeptionrH ipii Old presi(l('' a retahlisienu'nt du |dan de la \ille non> (die. T(nde la ^uWo piesideidielle (d M . LeTruc- (|uer. en pailirnlirr, son! vixcnh'nl ird(M'(*sHt''s \}i\r ('(»s explications ntdfes el eoh( ise^ doni donldeiil In vnh^ir les ieali?*Rli(Me< d('»jn ohiefiues... (]'{'%{ ensuife la visile d»» la lM)ii'(*-lv\posili()n ur fianis(''e par la (llianihre niixte dWgrieidture, dc (iOnnnerre el d Inda^lf ie (d ipn. inaljzrt'' sn pie[)a- ralion liAlix'. offre un \'Vi'\ iniei(d v\ une indiseii- table portf^e prali(|tie. A|>res un diner inlime a la lialiia le l*i'(''sideiil se h»iid die/ le (ilnoui (pii donn<* une tVde en son lioiifunn'. Le palais du rda(nii enl (Yd(du(Mliiji^ lout le .Mo- roc. >(Mn|>lu(nisr deineufe dun jnainl seigneur (pn se double d im dilptlaide (d d'tin fin (Mdle#'- tionaeui' (d >ait recevoif grandenient (d ndbU'- monl .. La f(^le se de!'(>ule aulour du {/rami prilio inte- rienr. en(*m(Md de Moulav NOussef. (ietle insurrection am('ne Fl lliba a se |)ro( lannr sultan (d a s'enipar(M* de Mai-rake(di on il deliiMd prisonniers noire consul. |)lnsi(Mirs uffici(M's et [)lnsiein's aidres de nos compati'iot(*s. Le ^^iK'ral Lyauley, (h'^s (|U(» la nouvidle liii p/u'NienI de c(»s incidents, envoie, (mi toule hnle c(ui(re Kl Hiba le colonel Man^zin (pn. \r It auul 1912. (Iispei's(» le!^ trou|M»s du pn'd(Mldant a rOnni- Kr-Hel)ia (d aclit've leurdeffiitea Sidi-Hon-Otbinan. I /entree a .Marrak(Hh du ^ronpe du coloner des harkas d(» plu- -iieur's di/aineK (h* nnlli(*rs d'bommes vi qui. en nndl/uil a notre dispositiiui leur autoi'it/* (d les rnuyens inat('»riels consid(''rabh»s doul ils dispo- saieiil. iKMis out perniis. pen a p(Mi. avec |(»s (db'c- tifs les plu^ riMlnit^. d'a^Mirer (I la dcnninntion dii siillanc<»s iiniiieii^es l«^rrit()in»?i du Sud cpii, >\\ nsail fallu les ( oinpn'rir av(»c nos seides for( es. uuraiiMil. pour (dre ivduils. nT'cessitf' (h's opera- tions iniliiaires dr (zfaride envergure. et drs partes considerabh^s en hoinmes (d en ar'*^(ud. Fn entente a\rc les ;j:rands cauls (l('s l!M;i. nous cuntinuons nus op(''rali(Uis de consolidation dnii> le Slid, (d iiirii;i(^ons a Fl lliba. le 23 inai 1!)1;L un(» san«.dante (h'daile a 'rnrondanl. I)'ela|)es ( n ('dapes. notr(M)(N'upalion set^uul (d cvsi pen a pen rem|)rise definitix' sur c(dte immense ir«ri()„ s,, iinportante au point de vue e(Tinoini<|U(\ (loiil VlarmktMdi (»st h* grand rnarehe ef cpn. [)uur Tin e- nir. donne les plus fi;rands espoirs an point de \ uc ajriicolp et minier... I I t:^ — KKNSKKiNKMKNTS COLONIAL'^ '> De Marrakech k Rabat \a^ lMi(leiiu»iii, H nxril, n S Imiiivs du ilialiii (lepail pour hah.H \u\\\i\ iw^ulc ili'Scttnl .hn-Mccliid. M«*(lioima .ixrc croclirl sur iM'tliilali. .Iiisi|irnur()l He Si(li-linu-( Hlimaii,riMlr()il(iu.ii(His rnvoiis ni|>|M'lr (JhIc^ssiis. h' toUhmH Xlnri^in iiil'li- ^rail ni 1!H){ unf sniij/lnnli* ^h'fnitc n\i\ Iroupes (III pr^ttMiddiil 1^1 llilwi, l(' coi'U'gi' |Nii'Coiirl iin IiKhI iis,s(»/ d^'^«f^rli(|ii(', puin airix' i\ Mrchia-Urii-Ahhau, (I rrnlrrt' dr la (Ihaouia llallc (\v (pirl(ph'«< iiiiimh^s rl on rt'pai'l. vcis 1 1 hciinvs, sur Sellal . Lc pavsaizcacliau^zr : inaihlrnanl c I'sl la (jliaou'ia aiix cauipaf^ni's \ rrilli'on |doiuo rn'saliou. ot \ isilo du poll . Lc port dr l^'rdalali. a 2.'1 kiioinrlit's dr (;a>a- Idanoa. rst ou\ri'l drpiiis l!Hi soidcnicnl. Drpuis cottr dalo. jusipTen I!l21. il a \ u scs inipculatituis passor {{{' inoins dc 2.0(1(1 lonuos a 17.0(10 loaucs. (I srs ilc pour nion- U'l'dans sa dauinonl alicrs ^luil ^a^uc Ics m Trois- Morlcs )) i)U rallciidcnl Ics nhhu'ilcs cixilcs cl iiiililaif'cs. Ic corps coiisnl/nrc ol Ics dil'fcrcuK jrroiipciiiciils. parini lc>(|ucls nous cilcrous la (ioiiiinissiou n)uiiicipali\ la (Ihniulirc dc (ioui- iiiciTc. la (ihaiiihrc (I' \^ri( iillurc. Ics niciiihrcs du Uarrcau i\r ll/dial. Ics n'pn*scrdanls ili' IWssocia- lioii dcs luulih's. i\\''^ nH'Mlaillt''s iidlilairch ct dcs (dfirici's dc coiiiph''ii)ciil . {'{c. Ij's prc^cnlal ions lcri]iiin'»cs. Ic Pri'vidrul sc read sur Ic liiud dcs lroU|MS td piocc»lc a uiic i(.*niisc dc decorations, il rcgayuo onsuite la l{t''oi~ dcu( c Oil il \a prcjidrc uu ()eu de rc[>os hicii Jiamu^. Lc !J axril a !) h I'idu lualin. S. M. Moulav ^(MJsscl, ac«'oinpa;;:iic du ^Maud \\/'\\\ \\\ Mokri. airivc a la llosidcrHo ficuci'alc ou il est ri*cu par l(* pirsiderd do la Hcpiddi<|uc dans Ic salon du (l^'(Mnicrcta;z(^ A|)rcs la presentation d(»s hauls fouctioiinaircs i\r la iU''sidouc(' ^ciicralc el dcs officiers, vl (Us (hM^^gations, iiolanniKUil dc ccllc dcs Kran(;ai5 dc Tangcr, l(» Picsidcnl est all('' rcndre sa visile an sultan. S. iM. Moulav Tonsscf recevail cgalcmcnt Ic niini?*trc dc France it Tanj^^ci', M. de (^arhoiincd, et Ics reprpscnlaiil?< (liplomali(pu*H. a Tanker, (i(* hel- j/iipic. (iraiidc-Hrcla^ui^, Italic, Ktats-l'nis. (d Por- lugal, Le g('Mn'»i7il Uercn«i:ucr, Haul ()onnnis»nir*e d'K»- p/ign<\ dcvani s(» rcndre h Meknt"*}^ pour y saluer Ic Pivsidcrd. Ic iiunisthMl'Kspague fi Tan;4[er n'ac- ('oinpa;^^uait pas Ics ant res rcprnsenl^uds du corps diplafde : Moiisieiii' l(^ President de la Hepiildlcpie, . \a> soiihails (lc hieiocmie doat Noii'^ avoiis saliie V^)tre Kxceliriicr A son firrivf^e sur la terre inrtrocoiiw^. Nous somnies hcurciix de les Lui renouveler aujourrl'hiii ou Nous a>()fis rinslghe liooueur dr I^i reeevoir daas Notre enpltnlo de Hahat. Kii aeeeplant. pour (juelijues jours trop rourts a noire gre, riiospilaliie de iiotrc piiv^, Voiis n'alise/- noire vii'U le plus eher : car nous v<>yoii< dc rc^fie hient(M eeoiiles pertnettcnt a Notre Majoti- {\r uicsmrr tontc I eteiidue iuies et de leui'^ hieii-^ el lc lihrr de\r- l(>pprinenl t\(* leurs iiiir*rrds ; Si I aint'iiaL'eini'ut »''('a pii dcja donurr UU si vi^ouienx es!^or a I ii^ricullure. a riii(lii'oii icuvre ro^res sans toucher a ses institutions ni a ses tiiiditions seculaires. !>♦» nienie, nous ne saurions passer sous silence les droits imprescriptibles du trAne clu'rifien, ndalifs a riuU'grite dc Notre Kinpire el u Texercice de nos prerogatives sc^uve- rain<*s. Et, en les affirmant tiaut(»ment devant Vous, Nous avons le ferme espoir de les voir defcndus p^ii* Ic glorieux (jouvtTuement protecleur. Monsieur le Prt^sidenl dc la Uepui)lique, depuis voire arrivee an Maro<"- vous avez rtu'ueilli partout sur votrc pas- sage les marques du profond attachement dont Notre peuple est anime [hhw la France. A ces t<^moignages unanimes tit; sympathie etderesjM^cl qui vont h votre illustre persoiuie et dont nous vous demandons de garder le souvenir, il nous est particuliert^ment agn'»aldt* dt» joindre les sentiments d'amitie sincere de Notn* Majt'ste et les vteux que n(»us for- mons, ainsi que noire Magh/en, |m>ui" riienicnv accompli^ scment tie voln» voyage. I.e INvsideiil ivpoiulit (Mi (•(*s Irniics : Sire, ('/esl pour moi une joic profonde de me renconlriT i\r nonveau avec Votre Majcsle, dans Sa capitalc de K^ihat, apH's le voyage (jue je viens d'effectuer dans la partie Sud de Son Kmpire et (|ui. si rapide cpril ait ete. ui'a ce{MMidant permis de con!ieur anx toute I ctcn- dut» de rEmpire. lis sont dus enfin a laconfiancc sins rcsci'\c(juc Ic Magh- zen cherifien et le Peuple luarocain ont mis dans la Nation prolt'ctricc, ainsi (ju'^ Icur foi dans 1 (cuvic de rciioNJition enti*eprisc; le tcinoi^na^c h' plus cclatani en a i'iv donnc pi'iKlant la (Irandc lincrn' au cours de la(|nellc les soldats mannains ont mclc Icur sang h cclui (\r^ sirs en connnun Iai Fmncc. riche dc >cs traditions dc justice, {\r gcncrositt* et dc sympiithic pour les [)cuplcs ninsulmans. a entrcjuis ici one (puvre de renovation hasec sur la sauvegarde integralc dans toulf* letendue d<» son Empire dcs dF*oits ct preroga- tives du Souveraiu, ainsi (juc dc >on prestige religicnx. ct sur h' respect dcs croyances ct dcs coutumes tradilionnelles du peuple marocain Jc tiens a affirmer a Votre Majt»ste que la France cut end ne pas sc departir de cette ligne de conduite conforme aux intcrcts de TEmpire et qm* le nmre- chal Lyautey, a qui Votre Majeste vient de rendn* un juste hommage, a suivie dune fagon si lieureuse depuis les pre- miers jours du Proledoral. Cette crasion du passafze du |)r6sident de la Hej)ul)Ii(|ue. Sur la eoUine doniinanl les Touarg:as. le inare- rhal Lvauley a fail edifier la Maison de France, aulour de lacjuelle s'elevent les divers balinients miniinislralifs, siegjc^s des ^rand(»s directions du Pr()t4'<'torat. Sa conception a ete la suivante : ^Mouper tous l(^s services niililaires dune pari, les scMvices civils (1(* rauln\ pour facilifer Texpedition rapide (les affaires, (^t aussi pourrendrele plus commodes |>ossil)le. les d(''marches des visiteurs (pii onl affaire au.\ diff«'*re!ds services el cpii. ainsi. li^s trouvent Ions rassembhVs. el ('vileid iiiu^ p(M'le d(* lemi)s pr('»cieiix. I)(* g:rcnids pamu'aux. ('»hn(''s dt»- vanl cluupie immeuhle. indicjuenl les services (pill ahrile. L(^ pid)lic t^sl, ainsi, parfaitc^nn^d guide (d peul. dans le minimum de temps, faire loutcs l(»s demarclu^s (4 visiles n(''cessit('*es par Pes affaires (jnil a a traihM'. Le dejeuntM* rassend»lail louh* la suile du i^t'- sideiit. les minislres el consids ('dran^tM's. hvs hauls foiictionnaices du ProhMtoral el h*s chefs des (lifierents s(M\ ices militaires. hvs pn''sid(Mds el vicc-|uvsidenls d(^s ('Jiand)res dc Comnu'rce r\ (lAgriculliire. les m(Mnl)r(^s de la (Commission nmnicipide. h^s repn'^senfaids (l(»s midih'^s, des nncicns c<>nd)allants. etc. Au dessert. \r Marechal s'esl lev('' et a (lit sim- plemeid : « Sans prononcci'de discours. [)crmell(v.- nioi de me f('diciter a^('c \(K1s de c(* (pu^ I'inaujiu- lation (le la Maison de France soil fnil(^ par Iv prvsidcid iW la U('»pidili(|U(v » M. Millerand ivpondil : « Je hois au Maivchal ct a la Maiechale. » Le d(\jeimer fut suivi d'ltne grande I'i'M'eplion a liupiclh* elait con\ itM* totde la population d(* |{;d)at. Lc Piesident. a[)ri,'s axoii* (|uitU'» la H(\sid(»nc(*. s(» lendil a la Mateniile ou il fut recti par la mace- chal(" Lyauti*}. (pii ful Linspiratrice d(» celle (cuM'e (Um[, d'ailhMirs, elh^ a, de toid U^mps, assuiv la (liriM'tiou (effective* id (|m' n rendu et wiu\ de si maiids s(»rvic(\s. aiusi (pje daidres du mt'ine oi- dre, tell(» la (loulle d(» Lait, (d (|ui font le plus firand honneur a leur (Mvatrice. Apirs un(* visile an (]ollefr(* musulman r\ aux (ludavas d'ou le Maiwhal fait au l^t'sidiMd une (l(»scription de Uahat (d Sale, le cortege se rend au houlevard El-Alou ou doit avoir lieu un defile d(\s cavaliers des trihii^ indigenes de la ivgion d«* hahat. L'ne foule considerahle est massee sur W houh'- 114 /• \*i KENSEIGNEMENTS COLONIAUX vani, a eiivalii les terre-plcMiis dt^ la sulxlivision, les tiMTasses desiniiiK^uhlcs avoisiiiaiUs ol acclaine \(' l^residrnl. " Le defile des ravaiicM's indi'2:(Mic\s soulrvo Vrn- Ihousiasme (U^s s|K'ctaleurs (^1 inlort^ssi^ n iviMiUMil 1(5 PresidiMil ([ui, an passa;j:e s(» fail noiinuer Ic^s Iribiis ([u'ils rcprosenl«Mit. xM. Millemiid assisl(\ ensuilr, a uii the du^z Si AbdeiTainaii Itar^j^aseli. paeha d(* Kahaf. (^t finit sa louniee par u\w visile a ThApital Mane-Keuill(*l dont les homicurs liii fiiicnl fails par U' DinH'teur jjjeiieral du Service* di* said<' el (Joid il loua le dis- [M)silif partail el ^(^\'eellellle lentH^ De Rabat k Mekn^s. Le luiuli, a 7 li. 4»), U' President el tonic* sa snile. salnes [)ar les aulorites civiles et niililaires ([niltaient Habat pont* se rcMidre a Sale. V Sale. pres(Milalion des nolabililes franeaises et indigenes; visile de la Maison de convalescence, fondee en 1913. par M'"' la niarechale Lyautey et visile an marabont de Si ben Achir, mar(ibonl ven6r6 de Sale, antonr duqnel une enornie fonle dndigene niassee ac^lania le Piesident. De nombrenx indigenes jalonnent la roni<5 de Sale a Kenitra oii le cortege arrive* a 9 h. 1(1. II passe sous nn arc de tiiomphe dresse h Ten- tree de la ville (*t s'anvte an carrefour des Travaux municipaux et dn nionopole de tabacs. IJn pen avant Tarrivee a hauleur des })reniien*s maisons, nne masse imposanle de cavaliers indi- genes est gronpee et salne le Presidenl (jui est recu par les antorites civiles el militaires et les notabilites de la vilh*. La i)opnlation de Kenitra vienl d'cHre doulou- reusement fra|)pee pai* nue r6ceide cafaslroi>h(*. L'explosion d'nn depol de inunilions a delruit d(* nombreuses maisons (*t exploilations. niais les Kenitreens se sont deja i(*ssaisis el si* sonl remis avec ardenr in\ travjul. Le President, en l(*ur (*xprimaid sa profonde sympathie et en les assurant que toutes l(*s me- sures seronl prises |)ar h* (louvernemenl du Protectorat pour la re[)aralion rapide d(*s dom- mages crees, l(*s rem(*rci(* de leur accueil (*l exprime le sincei'e regn*! (|U(* les circonstances ne lui aient pas permis de se r(*ndre immedialement aupres des habitants d(* la ville sinistree. Le marechal Lyautey i)rend ensuile la parole et rcmercie le President, au nom de la pojnilalion de Kenitra du reconfort que lui apport(*nt ses paroles et des assurances (ju'il veut biea lui doiuier de la soUicitude du (iouvernemeut. II veillera purson- nellement a la bonne execulion des mesures prises pour remedi(*rau sinislre, el chacun de ceux qui out soufferl peut Hvi' assure (ju'il sera dedom- mage. Kenitra est une ville creee de toules pieces et constitue un des exemples les plus frappants de Tactivile el de Tinilialive de nos comi)atriol(*s au Ma roc. Aucunc* agglomeration indigene ne s'elevait a c6te de la kasbah. (}ui exislait seule en lilH, dans RK^JSEIGNBMKffTfl COLONIALI. — If* .'), la Houcl(* du S(*bou, a 17 kilometres de son em- l)ouclnn*e. loi*s(iu(* le Servicer des ela[)es (*.n fit sa base (1(5 ravilaill(*meul d(* la colonne (pii marchait sur Fez. iW porl s(5 developpa nq)idement. Ouvert au commerce (ui 19 L), Kenitra a occup6, en 1921 lo deuxi(3ine rang parmi les ports marocains, avec un trafic lotal de 120.041 lQnn(*s. (^e port dess(*rt les |{(*ni-Ilassene, le (Iharb, les villes d(* Ke/ (*t de Mekn^s. Des Iravaux sont com- mences (jui diminueronl considerablement Teffet de la barre a rendK)uchure du Sebou. De plus, la ligne du ehemin de fer de Casa- blanca-Oudjda passe a Kenitra. II semble done qne la prosp6rile de ce port soit assurc^e. Tel quel, le port de Kenilra p(*nt faire face a un Irafic moyen de (JOO tonnes par jour. II faul remarquer que les ini{)orlations oal, sauf en 1!)17. depasse de beaucoup les expoila- tions. E\\ 1920, les premieres S(* sont ^levees h 112.901 tonnes el les deuxiemes a 10.140. Kenitra importe surtout des mal^Kiaux de cons- truclion des produils alimentaires et du materiel de voie ferree. Le cortege pr(''si(lentiel(iuill(» Kenitra a 10 heures^ et suit, pendant (luelcjues kilometres, la ligne du ehemin de fer h voie normale en construction. A midi, arriv('*e a Petit-Jean, centre ivbs interes- sant de (colonisation et futur point de jonction enlre h* Tanger-Fez et le Casal)lan(*a-Fez. Petit-Jean comi)le d(''j^une pojiulation franr^aise (Icr 350 personnes cpii, ainsi que la population iudigeni*, vient saluer, a son passage, le [)r('*sident (le la l{('*publi(|ue. Ila|)idedej(nmer sous la tente et, (*nsuite, (h'part pour Volubilis ou Ton arrive a li heures. - Le gtMKMal d(* division Poeyuiirau, commandant la r(*gion (*t la subdivision (1(* Mekn(*s, est veuu (ui-devant de M. Millerand pour lui apporler le salut (!(.* la n'gion de Meknf*s. M. Chalelaiu, directeur des fouillesch* Volubilis. guide 1(* Pr(^si(lent dans sa visile des mines de ranti(pu* cite romaiue et lui donne des derails ar- ch(''ologi(pies (|ui reliennentsa meill(*ure attention. 11 lui moidi'e aussi les di^couverles arch('*ologi(|U(*s (l(\ja realisees et lui expose 1(* i)lan (rensend)le des fouilles. Moulay Idriss. la >ille sainle du Maroc... Im[)ression profomh* (pnT le tableau (pie present(*. cette ville canq^'^e h\nr sur une colline ro(caill(*use, compos(''(* de deux blocs de maisons en amphi- th(?Atre, eta laquelleon ac(cede atraversun ehemin lrac('' au milieu dune supcrbe oliverai(*... Lue t(*nte (*st (}resse(*, face a la ville sainte et (le\ ant un panorama de loul(* b.*aul('*. I ii d('*jeuner est pr(q)ar(.\ et le cortege [)irsidenliel se reslaure, tout en assistant a des danses berbferes et en ecoutaid les chants des chiraats... (Test ensuile r(*ntre(* dans la ville sainte on le President est acclame par une foule de plus de 20.000 indigenes masses [)ouiile recevoir. A renhve d(* la mos(|U(''e a la porte de laqnelle se present(* le PrijsidenL 1(* chef des Cherfas le salue et le r(*mercie, nu nom de tous ses conMi- ♦♦* ■^X *- Ht) • 1 """ - -^ • "• •■"'i^t J Jh i f- rt rt i 1tiiifft i it^ tii| g i C i ag i ..M<^«r.: m BULLETIN DU COMITE DE L'APRIQUE FRAN(?AISB ■ V'-T i! ' n I < l ii i '% i- hiJ iii 1 , / gioiinaiiVft, du n^spoct do la Franco pour la rrli- gion et left tradilion» de rhlam. Nos prologoH y sonl extr6nionienl sensibh^s ol c'esl celle coin[)rr- heiision de VCnwv luusulinaiie qui (»sl uiides ti'aib de liaison l(*s plus sftrs entre hi France el la nation protegee. Mekn66 Pour entrer a Meknes, les automobihvs emprun- tenl la route touristiijue du Zerhoun ct font un grand detour pour gagner la place BalvManisoui*. Toulle long du parcours, depuisTentr^e h Meknes, uu long cortfege d'indigf^nes se |)r(*sse dans les rues et une foule intense est massee sur toules les terrasses. Le PresidiMit est re^*u a Bab-Mansour par b^ l^aclia et les nulorit^s indigenes. Le cortege entre ensuitedans TAguedalet visite TEcole de Dai^Baida, le Saint-Cyr inarocain. Une fantasia a lieu sur le champ de course suj)erbe qu'offre la vaste plaine de I'Aguedcd. Eiisuite, rctour et coup (I'omI, au j)assag(\ des haras, de rautnicherie et du niagnifique jardin d'essai de Meknes, Apres avoir Iraverse la ville indigene, le Pre- sident remonte a la ville fran(;aise (^t arrive a la subdivision oil a 20 heures,a lieu un diner intinie. A 21 h. 1/2, uti(* ree(»pli()n (nnif licMi au Cercb* militaire. Le lendeniain. h* l^residenl parlnil, pour s(* rendre ii Tindiadit. visiliM* le froni niarocdin (M saluer les troupes d'operations. (Vest 1(* de[)nrl par la rotd(* nouvelleiiienl anie- nagee et succ(*ssiv(Mnent l(*s eta|)es iW El-Hndj(*b. Ho et Ain-Leuh. Km()uvanl(\ cetli* visite (Miiiett(Mit a la ])Oi)Ulalion civih* di^ larrien^ d(* |)()ui'suivr(* son ceuvre d(* niise en valinir econonii(|U(\ (pii a deja 'OlalenKMil transfornie r(^m[)ir(^ des Sultans el doni .es resultats accpiis sont un d(*j> (\\'(Mn|)l(^s les plus frappanis du geni(^ eolonisaleur (b* la France. Apres avoir passe (M1 n^vue li^s troupes et pro- cede a une remise (b^ decorations, le Presid^Md (*l sa suib^ dej(Minei*ent au camp (b* Timhadit. Au (b^ssei't, le Marechal s(^ leve (*t prononcT b^ discours suivant : 11 m'ap{)artient, dit-il ftu Prrsidrnt, (1(^ vou*^ remen^icr au nora des troupes, du surcroii do fatigue, (4 du dotour a votre iliueraire que vous vous rtes imposes pour venir voir iri Centrain des troupes qui eomlmttent pour uotre Fnuire. G'cst dc grand Ceeurque je le fals en leur nom el au uom iW todies les troupes du Maroe. Je ne suis certes pas suspect de me desinteresser des ports, des ponts, des routes, de loutes les questions economiques ; mais tout cela n'existe (|ue par eeux qui sont ici. Et si aetuellemenl le Maroc se developpe, si des gens vivent dans dc8 maisons, organisent leur contort, c'est paree que d'autres qui rcpr^sentent les neuf dixiemes des trou^s du Maroc, vivent sous la lenie, sous la neige ouaudur soled ; paree qulls combattent dans re rude [jays que vous avex pu apprecier ee matin au eoui^s de la route; ^mrc^i que ci's hotume8, pendant toute I'annee, luttent centre un ennemi clout la mine des cavaliers qu(» vous avez vus ce matin a pu vous falre appre- cier la hardiesse, I'energie, la vaillanre. Voilh pouniuoi mon ca?ur de ciief se rc^jouit si profond^meut de vous voir ici. Je sais que, iwi'sonnellement, vous avez toujoun^ rendu justice a Teffort des tmupes coloniales, mais je n'ignore pas aussi les injustices el les c^lomnies qu'on a r^pandues sur leur compte, jusqu'a dire que Tarmee coloniale n'^t*iil pour les milltaires qu'une vaste emhusciide. C'est un crime que de prononcer un t(d mot vis-li-vis de ces troupes : aussi quel reconfort de penser que vous 6tes venu letirapporter voire c(jeur! Comme chef, j'ai le devoir de penser a la recomp(*nse de ceux qui iK'inent; je sais que pour eux j'aurai toujours et plus que jamais voire appui. Mais je suis heureux de penser qu'a c6te dc vous, tons ceux qui sont venus ont vu comme vous el le diront. Je leur demande d(» rendre aux troupes, ministres, parle- mentaires, journalistes, toute la justiei* qui leur est due. C'est la premiere fois dans I'histoire francaise que le chef de CEtat est venu voir les troup<'s coloniales h leur front avance. ^ Le Presid(»nt ivpondil (M» ces tiM'nnvs : Nolle part les diswurs ne convieniienl moins qn'ici.Nous sonimes sur le thMtre merne de Taction et de la bataille. A quelques kilometres d'ici sont les dissidents dont nous avons vu tool a rheure un grou|>e im(K>rlant, qui, il y a dix-huit mois, nous comhatlait, et qui marche aujourd'hui dans nos rangs. Devant \c spectacle que nous avons vu d(»puis quelques heures, il n'y a qu'un mot h dire, celui de reconnaissance, de grtUitinle infinie pour le coumge, Tabnegation, le de- vouemcnt sans limite de ceux qui, a tons les degiH3s, parti- cipent a celle leuvre de lulte pour la civilisation. Mais il m'est permis de le dire, d'accord avec tons ceux qui assislent h ce spectacle, si, a chacun de nos |ms, nous rencontrons fonctionnaires civils et offici(»rs, animes d'un ztde qui ne connait pas de homes pour latAch<* qu'ils accom- plissenl, c'est qn'ils sont inspires \\ex Texemple et par Ic verbe du chef, le mai'^chal Lyauley,. q\\\ a dn^ssr a son ecole d(»s hommes qui sont ses digncs (iollaborateurs. Je nVn nommerai ipie deux qui, a c« moment menie, ponrsuivent celle lulle sans la(|uelle rien de ce que nous avons vu iic serai I fait : c(* sont les gcncraux Poc^yminiu ct Aubert. En eux je salue tons les collnhorateurs (W I'CEuvre francaise au Maroc. C'est pour nioi une joie infitiie que d'avoir Chonneur aujounriini, au nom dc la France, d'ap- porter a ces bons ouvriers, a ces bons soldats qui ont si vaillamment combattu et doiine a la Pa trie ce qu'ils ont de force el d'iuUdligence, ct qui sont prcts h donner demain comme t^mt de leurs camarades, jus(ju'^ leur vie, c'est pour moi un honneur insigne que de leur apporler le sabit rcM'on- naissant de la Franco el d(» la llc^publique. l{(*tour a M(*kiies el. b^ bNid(*main dquirl pour Ke/ a 9 beur(\s du matin. N(^ (lint Ions pas Mi^knes sans dln^ un moi du devidoppemeid renuuipiabb^ (b^ civile ville. Kn 1917, seule exislait la \illi* indigjeni^ dims la(|mdl(* etait clairsiMuei^ un(* po[)ulHlion de 1.500 Kurop^ens environ. ( \ (7(^st en fin 1917 scMdenuMit ipn* coimhence l(» lotissenu^nt de la vilb» nouvidle. (^elte silb* noii- V(db* (( pnrt » (Tun bet elan, malf^re la crisi* (mo- nomi(pi(\ b^s difficultes (b* transports jnaritinn^s et de Irnnsporls inteiieurs. a riieurc^ actucdb^ Mek- nes possecb* une ville nouvelle parfaitement a{j:(Mi- cee. (uix arleres larges et s[)aci(His(*s, borders de beaux immcubles, complant une population com- m(q\'anle et induslrielle et bospitali^ant envijon 4.000 ames. A ! -■% I, — 116 — VV REN8EIONEMENT8 COLONIAUX MekiM's (^st, ogaltMiicril, un rentiT iU' colonisa- lioii (Himprcnnr do pivinicr oixiro (jiii a gH)iij)(j iioint)ir (1(5 nos ugricultvurs vl roloii.s el (jui, rliac|uc jour, dc^vicMil (l(^ plus vn plus iinpoHaiil. (^('(tc villo. ('(Miln* (111111* riclu* region est appelin^ a nil grand (k'veloppoiniMil (*l son oxlouNion mai- rliei'H a Irt^s grands pas drs (jue sera hh«(! en (*xploilUlion la voic* fei ive noi'nude doiit elle cons- liluij'a nn des i)rin(;ii)aux poinis d'arrOt. Fez Aprtvs un dernier s(dut de la |»o|)nlalion iMek- iiasssi, le corlfege gagnc^ la belh^ rouU* de Meknes it Fez; long rnban d(* 60 kilonic^tri^s, nnc^ des pins bellies arteres du n'^sean roulier aiuroeain. Comine sur Ions les au(r(^s pareoui-s. le Presi- dent reijoit au passages h^s honunages - tioa bien ordonntM^ el biaTis la soir('(\ W Maivclud a renni l(^s r(^pr(''- senlanls de hi press(^ el, lui-nn4ne, Iimii' a fail one conference niililaire sur hi paeificatiou dn Maroe. II passa cusuile la piu*ole a ses principnnx diree- teurs qui, a tour d(* r(Me firenl a rnssislauee un e^po8('5 sur la situation finaiui('i(\ l(* j^rograninn' (l(^s Travaux publics (d \i\ colonised ion. Dans sa conference, le Mar(''(lial rap|Mda, a grands bails, les (''tapes successives de noire action militnire an Maroc. - 2907 : Massacr(^ (h^s ouvriers dn port i\r Oisa- blanca el sonlf'veinenl de la ])opulalion indig(Mu\ Debarcpienn^nl d(^ (pudcjues niarins dn (kililrr, (|ui occupent le (lonsnlat de Fiance el prot(''g(Mit iios coaqiatrioles. Le 7 aoiLit suivant, (UTiv(''e d un ronlingcMd de 3.000 homines (^onimand(^^ par le gi^noral l)rud(^ el coininerK^ement de la coinpnMe (le 1« Cha(nria, le g^^neral d'Amade el. cnsnile. \i\ gc'^demi Moinier achfnent la [mcificalion roininenc('»i^ par h^ gent*- ral Drude. La France (]ui reniplissait le mainlal de policiv (|ue les puissances ^li availed (H)nfi(> a Alg('*siras, ap[)ortait. (mi niars 15)11 . son fade a Moulay Hafid [>our r6duire les Irihus berb^res soulevees contre le Maghzen el (pii assiegeaienl Fez, dans laqnelle elaieat enfernn^j^ le Sultan et les colonies euro- peenaes. Ce fut le general Moinier (}ui fut charge de d(3li- vrer Fez et, le 21 mai, la coh^nne Hrulard, renfor- cee ensuile par la colonne (Jouraud, d^gageait la ville. Ijuelciues jours plus tai*d, le 8 juin, le g(3neral Moinier occupait Meknfes, donnait une severe IcQon aux (juerrouan el aux Beni-MTh* el rentmil h llabat. La signature du Prolectorat, intervenue h^ 30 mai 1912, et la nomination du g6n6ral Lyau- ley comme (x)mniissaire ivsident genc^ral mar- (|uenl une nouvelle phase des stapes de notre occupation. Nous ne nous bornons plus a de simples oi>erations de |)olice, mais connnemjons Tex^cution methodique d'un jirogrannne de paci- f icatio n . Des son arrivee, le nouveau U(3sident general eut h ropriiner les eai(*ules sanglantes de la vilh* de Fez en j)leine insurreclioa. La colonne (lou- raud, le l*"^ juin 1912, degageait la ville apres de s(*rieux combats, dispersait les dissidents. La situation semblait rc^tablie quand, le 12 aout inlervinl Pabdication de Moulay Hafid et Tavc^ne- ment de Moulay Youssef. L' insurrection eriale alors dans le Sud, le Pr(3- tendant Kl \\'\\m se proclame sultan, entrc h Mar- rakech et s'empare de la i^ersounede notre Consul el de (pieUpies autres de nos romimtriotes. Le general Lyaut(\v envoie en tonte hate contre lui le colonel Mangin qui. le 14 aofd, disperse ses li'oupes h rOum-Er-Ilel)ia el ach^vc^ leur d(?faite a Sidi Bou Ulliman. L'eatri^e, le 7. h Marrakech du colonel Simon marque la delivrance de nos com- {)alriotes. Fin 19P^, Marrakech (»sl complelemenl d(?gage vers Touest (d la route de xMogndor ouverte. Anm'e 1913 : <)p(5ralions de (y)nsolidation dansle Sud ( t enlenle avec les grands (laYds qui inflig^- rent h El Hiba une sanglanlo defaile le 23 mai a Taroudant. U6duction par le g(3aeral Henrys des Henh-^l'Tir (*l den iJeni-MTiuild et installation des postes d'lfranc^ et d'llo. (Jccii|)alion par le coh)nel Mangin de Kasbah Tadla. Occii])ation pacifiquo du posle de Souk El Arba do TiswK a lEsl de Fez et creation du posle de M(;ouu, k PEst de Taza. ce qui i>ennit ramorce dune action politique en v^ue de la liaison enlre le Maroc occidental et le Maroc oriental. Le 17 mai 191 1, entree a Taza du general Lyau- tey et realisation du percement de la « trouce de Tawi » » Annce VJl'i : Lutte contre Moha ou Hammou et occupation, le 22 juin. de Khenifra. — 117 — ■*fci. » i» . m . m4t m ,tumm%rmt i ifjiiWiteiHW H '■— ■* f I III, ili — i Irifci I i»a n% i lU i Mll" !' •<. '- >■.''" MMMMFSMMfiAaMMMkitfli I ' ♦ i. 1 . J, i :• i BULLETIN DU COMITE DE L'AFRIQUE FRANgAISE i ! 'ti A la declaration de guerre, le general Lyautey, au lieu d'abandonner Ivs positions eoncjuisc^s, pril sur lui (l(* eonsorver son « arniaturi^ » ereee par les o|)eratious preredenies el ee, toiH en envoyanl a la Metro j)()le ses nieilleun^s troupes. Cc^Ue deter- mination akdaeieuse ronservale xMaroeala France. j)epuis celle dale, et nialgre l(^s (^forls de rAllenuigiK* que Ton sent de toutes parts et (jui se nianifesLent j>ar I'envoi a nos adversaires de subsides, en argent et en liomnies, de nninitions, d'instructeurs, etc.,.notre action niilitaire pro- gresse sans discontinuer. Ses princi[)ales phases sont les suivanles : 1915 : Itesislance sur le front INord, depuis le (iharb jusqu'fi Tanaiit, contre les attaques de Rais- souli et Ahtl el Mnlek, et ehu'gissenient du couloir de Taza. Dans la ivgion de Marrakedi, cieation du poste de Tanant. 1916 : Le 27 Janvier, les groupes mobiles de Fez et de Taza mettent en dei'oute les [jartisans d'Abd el Vlalek et s'emparenl de son canq). Au Tadla. creation du poste de Reni-Mellal. Dans le Sud, succes du coloncd Doury. com- mandant la colonne de Hou-Denib: cc^s sueces ameliorent aotre situation dans le Tafikdel. Avancc iinportante vers la >;illce de Moutouya partisans (TAbd el Mabdv i^t contre les Beui OuaraVn. Jonction, ea juin, des grou|)es d(* Meknes et de Hou-D(Miil) sui' la Haute Moulouva. liaisona Misour des groupes mobiles de Rou-DiMiib (^l d'Oudja. Creation des postes dHzer et d(^ Midelt dans la haute Moulouyaet d'iJutat El-Hadj sur la nioyenm^ Moulouva. Os operations ofd pour i*('*sultant(* la trouec* du massif berben*. 191H : Uocnidescene(^ de I't^ffort allemand (pii ravitaille les dissidents en enq)runtant la zoni^ espngnole ; il faut faire front d(^ tons ccHes. Operations hcureuses des grou[)es mobiles de Taza (4 F'ez ,(|ui elargissent la trouee de Taza; nouvelle liaison des giT)upes de Meknes et Hou- Denib ; operations du groupe d(* MarrnkcM'h sur Azilal ; n(3ttoyag(* par le groupe de liou-Denil) de la region du (]uir. De 1018 ji]S([u'a ce jour, application methodiciue du plan (Vop(^»rations arriHe (l(*s le d6but et retr^- cissenient du cercle autour des dissidents qui, petit a petit, fraction par fraction, se soumettent a notre auto rife. On eiitrevoil, maintenant. a breve ech(5ance, la pacification complete de toute la zone franc^aise du Maror, pacification accomplie dans le mini- mum d(* temps, ininterronq)ue malgre les heures tragiques do la grande guerre et realisee avec le minimum d effectifs. Telle est Tcruvre militaire considerable accom- plie |)ar le niarechal Lyautey. Le i^^esidenl de la Hepublique consacra la jour- n^e k une tongue visite h Fez, el la commenca par Fhdpital Auv(m1. Ensuite, il assista a une seance du Medjless on Conseil municipal. Ce geste du President fut tres apprecie des Fasis, si jaloiix: de leurs prerogatives et de leur independance. La discussion fut ouverU* [)ar le khalifa du sultan qui, apres avoir rappele Tordre du-jour qui comportait la (piestion de la possession de la ville de Fez sur Toned Fez exposa le point de vue juridique et, eusuite, passa la parole a d'autres conseillers du Medjless. Le President, aprt^s avoir ecoute avec la plus grande altenlioii. prit la parole a[)ies le marechal Lyautey et exprima au Medjless toute sa satisfac- tion d'avoir eu loccasion d'assister h une de ses seanc(^s et d'avoir, personnellement, 6te a nn^nie de constater la competence et la neftete avec Uupielle les coitseillers defendent les interets de leur ville. M. Millerand se rendit ensuite au Musee des Arts indigenes de Dar Adziel et se dirigea vers la mosquee de Moulay Idriss, a la porte de laquelle il s'arr^ta. 11 y fut salue par le Mezouar des Chor- fas qui le remercia d'avoir visite le tombeau du fondateur de ITslani et egalenient se fit Tinter- I)rete de tons les musulmans du Maroc, pour le remercier du respect que la France assurait a ses coreligionnaires. Ensuit(\ visite des Souks, visite du Musee de Dar Batba et visite au camp d'aviation. Avant la tonibee de la nuit, le Marechal em- m^ne le President faire le traditionnel tour de Fez, et les automobiles, apr^s cette promenade sm* (olte route si pitlorescfue et entour^e d'une vege- tation luxuriaute (d printanifere, monterent au fort Chardoanet d'on Ton a, sur Fez, un panorama splendid(\ Du haul de la terrasse du fori, le Marechal fit a grands traits Thistorique des evenements de 1912. et c(* recit inleivssa au plus haut point M. Mille- rand et tout son audib)ire. Le 14 au niatiu, le President de la U(q)ublique recul a la Uesidence le general Berenguer, Haul Commissaire de la zone espagnole venu d(^ Lara- clie i)ar Mekries (rou raccompagnait le general Poevmirau. 11 elait accoinpagne du premier secretaire d'am- hassade Suson ; du lieutenant-colonel Horri ; du lii^utenant-cobael Lope, du comte Sanchez del A'ave et du premier interprete Verveira. lis furent pr<5sentes a M. Millerand a cpii le general Berengiier adressa le discours suivant : Monsieur le President, Sa Majeste Ic roi, nion auguste maitre, m'ayant confere sa haute representation , ainsi que celk^ de son (louverne- ment, afin de vous saluer a roccasion de la visite de Voire Excellence au Naroc, nulla mission plus agreable n'aurait pu metre accordee en raison de mes sentiments de soldat espagnol, grand ami de la France. Pendant de longiies annees, en effet, j'ai suivi pas a pas tons les jours la tres habile oeuvre militaire et la perseve- rante et pacifique p^^netration de la France, dont Votre Exeellencc constale netuellement le^ heureux resultats. m; as V '**«*«^«*fc«E«i«M«B|«ie^i»(^^ s y RENSEI(5NEMENTS coloniaux Personnc mieux quo rnoi ne pourrail dour vous exprirner avec plus de siiic^rit^ les sympathies et radiiii ration de la Nation espagnole et de sou auguste Souverain a regard de celte GEuvre de civilisation qui est le Iruit du grnie eolonial t'l-anc^iis etdesex(X*pliounelles qualitesdout est dole I'illustre inareehal Lyautey, qui fait hoiineur uou seulemeiit a son f)ays, mais k tous \^% pays latins. Les desseins de la Providence, la (K>mmiinaute dMni^rels (4 les engagements amiahles couetTuant le xMaroe, out mis dans les mains de la France et d(* I'Espagne nue mission et une destinee qui sont appelees a se completer et a se solida- riser i>ar un eonunun effort, [)ar une eonfiance et des con- tacts mutuels. Le President do hi l{r|)ul)liocliv(* de la Kranet^ el de TKspa'^Mie au Maroc. « lis on! constate. ave(* salisfaction, dil le conipte rendu du Journal officieL (|ue les vues du l^resident et du Haul (^oinniissaire t'taient absolumenl coneordantes. ^) Taza. Le depart de Fez eut lieu a 13 heuics a desti- nation de Ta/a ou les auloniohiles arriv^rent a 17 heures. Le Pi^esident fut re^u par le ^n'ueral Aubert. d(*rriere IfMiind elait }j:roupe(^ toute la roloiiie franchise. Ensuite, revue des troupes sur le terrain d'avia- tion et presentation dos notables indigenes. Des remises do decorations eurent lieu. L(* ma- rechal Lyautey prit place parmi les officiers h decorer et M. Millerond lui adressa le discours suivant : Monsieur le Marechal, ^ * Au moment ou j'ai mis le pied sur le sol du Maroc, a Casa- Manca. j ai admire et salue les ceuvres d'int(^ret puldic qui, sous votre impulsion, avaient surgi dejujis noire oecui)ation, ports, pouts, routes, (Edifices de toutes sorles, el avec quelle activity, quelle intelligence, quelle science des besoins du I>ays, vous avez g^ri'j le domaine que la Fmuce vous avail confix. Alors j'ai salue en vous le grand aduiiuisLrateur. Aujourd'hui, a cette ceremonie militaire, la tierniere a la- quelle je presiderai avant de quitter le Maroe, c'est le soldat que j'ai voulu lionorer. 11 est une distinction : la croix de guerre destheAtres d'ojjerations exterieun^s, que vous n'avez pas encore, et que personne plus (pie vous ue merit e de re<'evoir. Permettez-moi de vous lire l(» motif pour le(pnd le ^iouvernem(»nt de la R^^puhliquc voilis donue eette distin<'- tion : Le marechal Lyautey (^st citr a Tordre 4le TArniee ave<- le motif suivant : Apres avoir assure la garde vigilante du Maroc pendant la (irande Guerre, a continue h assurer, avec sou inlastiahle activite, la pacification du pays, en faisaut face en 1918 et en 1919, avec des moyens mililaires reduits ii I'cxtreme, aux durs assauts suscitc^s par nos ennemis. aussi Lien sur les eonfins sud que sur les frontieres uord; reduisant ea 1920 et 1921 les Irihus guerrieres des /aians, des Heni-Ouarain, (les Djebalas d'Ouezzan, portant des le d(3but de la eampagne de 1922 le plus rude coup aux Ghleuhset aux Marmcfuchas, nieltant tout'en teuvre pour obtenir des n'sullats dt^finitifs, au prix des raoiadres sacrifices pour la France, et menant a bien cette grande eeuvre grilce h sa luraineuse conception et h s(»s manoeuvres hahiles, gr^ce au dt'vouement absolu qu'il sut inspirer ^ses troupes, animees parson souffle vibrant de Grand Soldat etde Grand Francais. » M. Millerand remit ensuile au marerhal la Croix de guerre des thedlres d'operations exterieures. Apres la revue, visile du caui[) el de la villi.^ indigene. Oudjda. Depart de Taza a 8 h. 20, sous une pluie l)at- Umte. A 10 heures. arrivec* a Guercif ou, pendant un arrest de 10 minutes, le President prociide a une remise de decorations. A 11 h. 1)0. arrivee a Taourirt oii a lieu le dejeuner. L'eutree h Oudjda a lieu k 40 h. »10 et le (]on- IrcMeurchef d(^. la region presentc au l*resid(Mit les nolnl)l(*s de la Golonie franeaise et indigene. A 18 heures, avail lieu une reception par la ville a hi salle France-Maroe. Au desstn'l. une alloeution fut pnmoncee pai' M. Loubie/. pirsident de la Coininission muni- cipale. M. Louhies, au nom d(^ la ville d'Oudjda, affiriua le lovalismi* des colons du Maroc oriental pour la .Mere-Palrie. 11 mppela (juo c'est par le Maroc orienUd (|ue (!ommea(;a la pacification de Tempire cherifien, el apres avoir parle des exeel- l(Mites relations du Maroc avec TAlg^rie et des interfits conimuns (jui liaicnt ces deux pays, exprima au IVesidenI de la Hej)ul)lique toute la reconnaissance de ses compatriotes pour la visile (fif il voulait bien 1(mu' faire. A son tour, le Marechal prit la parole en ces I (Mines : M<'ssienrs, II avail et/' convenu que la plus enti('rc discnHion serait apporttM* aux manifestations. Mais au moment de quitter M. le Presi I ii :1 i ! ^ 1. 1 ! ;l! !!' 1: Mi fori, ilu grand sliiniiltuit que nous a iipporlf* voire pri'srnct* au nuli(»u do nous, do laltonlion vigilaiilo, iiilusjsaMe, avoo laquelle vouH Hvoz (out cousider^. Do chacun de vos goslos, do cUacune do vos [Hirolo!!^, osl sorti uiuiiyonriornont qui a l>aigu6loiit lo moiido : iiidigoiios, oolons (raucais, qui oppo- scnt line telle foroo (ri\mo, iin tol oounige aiix difficultos si partioulifen^s do Tliouoo pivsoido; lrass(\ uiuis im si lion, un silloii profoiid rnripli do somoiioo. Vous mo pormt^ttrez do vous ronu»rdt»r [>t>ur ruinitir por- soniielle donl vous m'honoroz dopuistmit d'aun^es ol dcuil vous vonez do me don nor un nouvenii tomoignage. Jo dois aussi vous upiK)rter lo saliit do S. M. lo Sultan donl jo vions iU" rooovoir lo message t^i votre adrosstv Et maintenant. M. le Pr^*»ident, pcrmelle/niVu Toxpros- sion, nous vous passions ^ TAlgc'Tio. \)iiUi^ eclle jouniee, dans I'Hoto de larriveo a Oudjila, il \ a quelqiio olioso do graiiil, d'c'^mouvaut. Conoordaid aveo Je clooeuuaire de Tota- l)lis§emoul du Protoolorat, volit* iKissage on Alg^rio par Oudjda marque i\e la manieiv la plun lau^ible le^ trait d'uidou enlro le Maroe td I'AI/zerio. V^ous Kavoz mi(*ux quo personno, vous qui futo» minisire dos Affaiivs <'drangeros, el qui oles Chtf du (jouvornement francais, les servitudes qui pesonl sur boauroup do uos ra Imports avoo les 04^donios voi sines. Vous savoz que si les doux faces kiuI Iros distiuoles, res dil'forouoes de regime. 00s differoMioes qui doivout otre ohsorvees sorupuleusomont, lu* sauniionl eiupecher 011 riou lo developpemout (U^^ inlerels do la Fraiic<'. II y a deux ans, j'avais suf:gor6 lu reoheniie dime for- nuilo qui permit aux trois goiivoriioiirs do I'Afriqiie dn Nord de so reunir i>()ur eludier. rtant cli scours que nous roproduisoiis ci-dessous : MonsiiMir lo uiarci hal, Nous no pouvions os{)orer toi miner cot in com parable voyage que nous venous iW fairo a triivirs l(» Marocdans un eadro plus so ue pilloresqtu', assuremeul, lo s[»oolaole qui nous a et^^ of fori a depasso rimaginali(ui. Enobaidcmoid, jdus encore an point d(» vin^ d(*s resnltals (|uo nous avons pu constalor, el je siiis bien siir do ru' pas exagoror la poiisee de ceux dont jo me fnis. en r(^ moment rinlerprelo en disant qu'il:* out depasso ce que nous nlten- dions. rVous avnns vu d'abonl comraeul unt villo j>oui dun coup surgir, so hAtirpresque instanlancmoni, malgre taut do dil- ficull^s aocumuloes, creusor et amenager un port, la ou liier encore, on voyait des uavireg obliges de retourner t^ns avoir pu alK)rder. Noub avons vu, et \h et dans tout le re»le du voyage, ce que peut faire une Yolonl6 (erme au serxice dun plan netlement arrt^^ et ce qui nous a surpris et charm6 i>ar-de88us tx)ut, c'e»t la nagentie et la prudence qui presidaient a rex^culiou de ce plan. De ioiu on peut elre tente, surtout avec uos babiludes d'esprit fmncais, de trou- ver qu'on va bien vile el de si» demauder si ou no vn pas Irop vile. Lorsque, comme moi, on a pendant dos jouraees, profilani des heureux loisirs de rautomobile, interrog^ d'ahord le chef el puis si*s collaboraleur«, quand on a vu le souci d'adopter iK)ur b)utes les qu<'sliou8 la solution h la fois la meilleure pour le present et I'avc^uir, el de propor- tionUer les efforts aux possibilites fiuancit'^n^s, quand en m^me temps on constate que ces romleurs oivils el mililain*s iK)ur ra*uvn* qu'ils accomplissont, irrm seub»ment par dog efforts d'iTdtdligonee nu»is avec lour 0(eur. Le Pr<^sident ajoute : (iOlto (ouvre (luo Ton biit au Maroo, le marochal Lvaiitev I'a (lit el jo lions h le r<^p^ler, il faul qu'elle so conjugue oluupie jour plus etroitenuud avec Tcpuvre qu'h c^t^ (le lui mon ami Sbn'g aooomplil eu Algorie, comme M. Saint la poursuit dans la Tunisio. Jo vions d<' faire l(» premier tiers de ce voyag<» dans TAfriquo franvaisc du Nonl, et les dix jours que jo vions de vivre m'ont confirme dans la pensee que j'avais one au moment ou jo partais. Sans doute, il s(*rait dangereux de prelendre elablir un(^ assimilation a tons points do vue entre los trois parties de noire domaine : Maroc, Algorie, Tunisio out lour vie propre el doiveni la gai^dor. Mais il est impossible enlro cos trois parlies de lAfriquc* fnin(,*aiso donl los inl^rt^ts so m^lent ^ chaque instant qu'il n'y ail jms iino union elroite eutn* ceux que le president do la Hopublique a appeles a lour tele. Uosidonls gononiux, gouvernour g(^nt'ral, doivent, dans Tin- lend d(» lour priqjre pays, dans colui de la France, colla- boror etroitonuMd. Et la formulo quo lout a Phoure demandait lo marochal Lyauley, que mon ami M. Steeg conuait bien, piirce que nous Pavons onsomhlo pnttiqu^e dans une collaboration lid^lo, cette nu^thode d'association, de contact enlro les per- sonnos, dYThange dircM*! d'imprt^ssions et {\c vues, doit, j'en suis sur, donner a noire domaine de 1 Afrique du >ord, ( cite unite qui ne coutora rien h Toriginalite n^ess^iire, h Paulonomie indispensable de chacuno (\v ses parli(*s. Par et aveo le Maroc, TAlgerio et la Tunisio, la France accompli! ici une aniviv admirable. C'est avec une grande joie que je vais, tout h Theure, nVerabarquer avec le gouver- nour general de PAlgorie [K)ur visiter, le beau pays oonfie h son adminislration. Maintenant, j(* voux, a vous, ciloyens d'Oudjda, h vous M. le Resident g^ni^al du Maroc, a vous tons qui nous avez accompagnos. inslruits, depuis toujours, dire du fond du (U'ur : a Morci I « Merci non seulement pour nous, mais niorci pour la Hopublique et pour la France que nous sommes venus ici, dans la faible mosure de nos forces, servir en elroite union avec vous tons. Vive b' Maro^'l Vivo la IU''pul)liquel Vive la Fmuc(»! — 120 — l\ > ^■p RBNSBIONEMENTS COLONIAUX ?- M. Millemnd, accoinpagn6du niap(^(*halLvautey, arriva h la gare d'Oudjda a 21 h. 30 on* il prit place dans le Iraia qui devait le conduire SiOran. Avaat de quitter Fez. le President avail adresse au Hoi d'Kspaguo le I6l6grannne suivant : Je liens, on quiltanl Foz, a romcuricr Volro MajesltWl<^ la oiisHion de haute courtoisie doat idle a bieii voulu char- ger pres de moi son (Eminent Flaui Comoaissaire 8na Excel- lence, le general Berenguer, el je saisis celle occasion de ronouveler ^ Voire Majeste avec nies voenx pour la pros p6- rit^ de TEspagne, rassnranee de mes ^enlimcMils slne4>res de eordiale amiiU. Je prie Voire Majeslc^ de hien vouloir deposer mes res- peclueux: hoinmag(»s aux pieds de Sa Majc^ste la reijje. » A. MlLLKKANI). Ell reponse, le roi Alphonse XIII lui cnvoya le lelegramme dont cl-dessous le texU^ : « Je suis ires sensible a la delicah^ pc»ns^e de Votn* Exeel- lence na'adreiisant un message au moment de quitU*r Fez, el je la prie d'accepter mes remer(;ie!nents hien sineeres, ainsl que ceux de la reine. « Je suis tres heui*eux d'upprenL.*' que le g^^neral Beren- guer a su 8*acquilter de la mission (j i(» je lui avais e4>nfi6e en Yous r^iterant, monsieur le President, I'expressioa des VCEUX que je forme pour la grandeur et pour la prosp(^rit^ de la noble nation lraneais(\ ainsi que pour voire honheur IM'rsonnel » Alpuonse. En quitlanl le Maroc, \l. Mill(*rand a adres^^ a Moulay Youssef, sultan du Manx-, le telegrannne suivant : Au momeid de (juitter le Maroe, je liens a exprimer a Voire Majeste les srnlimenls profoiids (juc j\'m|)orle de mon sejour dans ses Etuis. L'accueil que j'ai reeu de Voire Majestr, h's manif<*sla- tions de la population maroeaine. li's s[M'et(iel<'s admirahb's (|ue j'ai (MIS sous les yeux, font que jr gardcmi dr ecllc visile un souvenir iiioubruihle et la eonvietioinpie la Fraiiee el Ih Maroc, etroilemenl assoeirs, firrs de leur gnmd passe et de lours communes gloirt*s, ix'uvnit alteiidrc di' Tavenir de magnirnjues destinees. Je prie Voire Maj<*sle (rairn'MT Trxpression de nioii inal- terable amitie. A. MiLLERAND. Le sultnn a i*eiM)ii(lii par le telegrannnc sui- vant : Sa Maj<'ste le Sidlan du Maroe h Son Kxe(dlrn<*o M. Milb'rand, Prrsidenl dr la Repul)liien voulu exprimer ^ Notre Majeste en quittant Ic Maroc el qui constituent un nouvean liti^e a noire prile on souvenir ineffacable 06 il puisera la meillmre garaidie de la s^dliei- tude de la glopieuse nation protect riee, de nu^me (|ue la France pout compter sur son indefeelible attaebemenl- Nous prions Voire Excellenee d'agreer, avee nos var notre commeive et notre industrie, Enfin, au point de \ue politique indigene, cette visite du President de la Hepublique fran(;aise ve- nant remercier S. M. le sultan de la collabora' lion loyale que lui et son peuple nous ontapport^e [)endaul la g^uorrc el Tassurer de Tenti^re sym^ [)athie de la France ue peul avoir que d^heureuses repei^cussions el rendre encore plus 6troitsles liens deja si solides (|ui existent enlre la m^tropole (d nos proteges marocains. II. — BN ALG^RIE li'Oranle. Le train presidenlial arrive a Tleuicen le 16 avril, a huit heures. Le Prt^sident de la ltepuhli(|ue, MM. Beraitl, nnnistre de I'lnstruction publique. (4 Le Trocquer. niinistre des Travau:x publics, et M. Steeg, gou- verneur general de rAlg(^ri(% sent salu6s par M. Ferhd, |)refel dOrnn, M. Itarisain, maire de Tlemcen, entour^s de la niunicijxdite el des re[)r6- sentants au Parleineut. Le 6* tirailleui*s algeriens rend les honneurs. l)(*vant la *^aiv, la populalion acclame le Presi- dent. Aux souhails de Ijienvenue du maire, M. Mille- rand re pond : t En venanl iei, je ne remplis pas heulem(Mil un devoir de reconnalssanee et d'ndniiration envers les filg de TAIg^rie qui out fa*'t si vaillauiment leur devoir pendant quatre ans et demi, j'apporte aussi aux colons et indigenes qui travaillent a raettre enceuvre (^* super be pays les encoura- gements et le splint de la Franee. Vous pouvez compter aue le (iouvernement de la Republique, apres ce voyage, plus encore qu'avantsi possible, continiiera ft enlourer ce pays de sa sollieilude la pins vigilante. » Le cortt^g<* presidentiel giavit la hauteur oti se dressent la ni<)S(]u^e et le tombeau de Sidi bou M6din(\ L(^s AraWs bi*andissent de grands 6ten- dards (*n psahnodiant d(»s chants religieux. Le i^ortftg^^ red(*sc(Mi(l el [>^MiMrp dnns la ville. Toutes les maisons sont pavois^es. Sur la grtmde place, la populalion fran^aise, niassee, fait une manifestalioa tl*^s enthousiasle. Le cortege j)r6sidenliel est invito par les autori- - 1^1 ■- r .i 1 - .*' A- . 5. 1^ ■-■ — -^ .i!:.vg ^,^ -•^v^.;>?€^wj^ ' ;g^W ' ilp :..i'^^'*.,"*' hi ^ A ., BULLETIN DU COMITE DE L'AFRIQUE FRANgAISE i 1 I n • \ tes religieusos a [xhiiHror dans la ^naiulo inoscjiuH'. Chacuii chausse des bahuiiches pour IniNCM'scr la salle des ])riei'cs. Le Presidoiil s'arr^^U' ensude aux edifices reli- {i^ieux des diffen^ds eulles. Le Presid^Mit s(^ read a la '^iwv au niilicMi des acclamations. I^e train pari a !> li. ;{0 [)our Sidi- bel-AI)l)es. 11 y arrive a 12 li. 2^!. M. MilliMand esl salur par M. Lisbonne, main* de la ville. II passe la revue de la eompagnie d(* la legion eirangere cpii rend les honneurs. Sidi-bel-Abbes, fondet* paries Fnui^ais. esl \\\w cite agricole fori prosj)ere d(» 40.000 habitants. Ceiix-ci font entcMidre de vives acclamations. In peloton de spahis escorte la voilure de M. Mille- rand pendant le traj(d ass(v. long jusqu'a I'Holel de Ville. Place (jarnol. devant Ic leginuMit du 1'*' rlivui- ger, le President remet la cravass(M' a Sidi-beLAbbes sans faire d(* peleiinage au lem|)le (le rhonneur el dn coui'age militaii'e. II ajoute : Etieniie, qui laisse Unit ilc souvenirs et do iN^grets dans eette Oranie, a voulu, eii demandant la eroix de la Legion d'lioinieur pour la K'gion ^Irangere, r^couipenser les ser- vices eelaliuits reudus par elle [ila Franee sur tous les points du ^dobe. Si la legion est un niodele. un exeniple, e'jest que ses ol'lleiers eux-menies sont les modeles des officiers frnn- (;ais. Tani vaut h» chef, lant vaut la troupe, w (]ette sciMie est Ires emouvante el Ton voit des officiers tout couverts de decorations qui ne relienn(*nt pas leurs lannes. Le cortege* officiel traverse a nouveau la ville sous les acclamations. A 14 h. 30, le tVain pn'^si- dentiel repart pour Oran. Le President de la He[)ul)li(|ue re(;oil un tele- gramme dans lequel xM. L5on Bourgeois, president du Senat, lui exprime le regret que son etat de sante ne lui [)ermette pas de Laccompagner dans son voyage el joint l(*s voeux du Senat a ceux du Piesidenl de la Ue[)ublique pour la prosp6rite el la grandeur de celle glorieuse terre d'Afrique que PAmc de la France a pen^tree de son incompa- rable rayonnement. A Oran oil il arrive^ a io h. 45, M. Millerand esl salue j>ar )s\. Moll, main^ de la ville, aprfes avoir passe la revue de la compagnie de zouaves qui riMid l(*s honneurs. Le President, en sorlant de la gju*e, est vivem(Mit acclame ])ar la foule mass(^e derriere l(*s fusiliers marins, un bataillon d'infan- teri(\ des spahis el des cavaliers indigenes. L'ami- ral Siilaiui, commandant d(^ I'escadre, et le general DidiiM'. commandant la division, saluent le Presi- dent (jui moute dans une daumont de grand gala av(»c le maire (TOran ; les ministres, le gouver- neur general d'Algeric^ les autorites monlent daiis voitures suivantes. L(^ cortege traverse la vill(* brillannnent pavoisee, pour se rendre a la Prefec- ture, ou ont lieu les rece|dions officielles. Des son ai'iivei* a la Prefecture, M. Millerand I'lM'oit les elus et l(\s autorites constiluees d(* la ville el du depiuttMUtMd. A 2(1 heures, il assiste au bancjuet de 500 cou- Ncrts qui lui esl offert par le Lonseil general, le Lonseil numicipal td la (iluunbre (h^ connnercc* d'Oran. Le diner est servi dans luu*. grandc^ salh^ pavoi- see* (d decorei* de guirlandes elecli'icjues. M. Mille- rand preside la table d'honneur, ayant a ses cotes. M. Pitollet, |)resi(l(Md du (]onseil general; .NL Moll. maii*(Mr()ran : M. Hau|my. president de la delega- tion financiere ; M. Leon HeianL M. Le Trocquer. >L Steeg, les senattHU's et deputes du deparle- menl, les amii'aux et les geneiaux, Mgr Durand. eveipie d'Oran, et son vicain* genend, les aghas. eaids, etc. Des discours de bienvenue et di* remerciemenls sont prononces piu* le maire, les |)j'esidents de la (]hand)re d(» commerce* et du (lonseil general, .M. Oasser, senateur et par Hen Hatial, delegu6 f inane ier d'Oran. Ce dernier dit, nolamment. aux ajqdaudissenuMds de I'assistance ; (t An UK^nieiit ou i)lus (rune puissanee coloniale vif dans linrerlitude du lendemain, nous ne demandons, nous, niusulrnaiis d'.M^MM'ie, qua nous rapprocher davantage dc la Fraiiee. a efre plus pres de son ecrur. Des siecles durant elle — Vil — kensei(;nkments coeoniaux 1^ r 41 tMilreleim av«»c I'IsIum iU^s relations dt* sol'uir aiiiitie. La voic oil votre politique clairvoyaiitc Ta iW iiouvrau nigagre ne peul (jiie rejouir aos coMirs ri fortifier, s'il elait [>ossihh\ Ics liens ({ui uttachen! a sa fortune ses enlauls .Nonl-Afri- cai US. » M. Milleraad prciid le (leniier la parole. Tons les convives recoiiteiil dehoiit el rapplamiisseFil frequemment. Le Pri^.sideiil traduil la ()r(*mieie iiiipiessioii de son voyage en Algerie : a II se (lega^'e, dit-il, de i'Ocanie une force de vie incom- parable. Ici on Iravaille de toutes les faeons, de toutes ses forces. J'ai voulu en a<'complissant ce voyage maiquer (|ue desorinais TAfrique du Nord est bien tout enliere le domaine imisible, sun^ment acquis a rinfhuMiee el a raetion fran- eaise, et je l(^ fais ^ une heun^ ou, on ine Ta deja plusieurs fois indique. d'auti*es sciueis pouvaieni peul-etre d(»voir nHenir a Paris le President de la Republi([u<'. «< Mais quel bommage plus eelalant el plus significalif a la sagesse de ce peuple de France, a sa puissance caluie et tranqnille qua Ibeurt* on les problerac^s les plus graves se debattent entre les nalions le cbef de I'Etat puisse, sans inquietude, quitter pour <'in([ seniaines la capitale el aller porter au Maroc, a I'Algerie, a la Tunisie des paroles iVvi^- |K»ir, de coidiance et de re<()nnaissance de la mere i>alrie! • Le Presideid parlis >onl ime nt'cc^^-ih'' dan- mic (hinornilie. mai^ ceux (|ui souLieiinerit cellc hi(l<' iiyli>j)«Misihlr iirdoiNenl pa^ oubiiei" (|nil> onl ••le tralenielirmeiil iiril> (lan> la mifjifet (jue. ijuoi (lull arriNc, ils >()iil de> Irerc- (|iii peuveiil >c couibatlre lo\aleiurril, >aii'> janiai^ oiiltlirf (jnr Icur inrre est la mcnie Le PiM'sidcnl iV'licilc les Al;ierieiis d a\ oir* [uati- (pn'' loup)ur'> It's idecs repuhlicaiiies deniocra- ti(pies. r.es iilt'cs. >V('iie Ir I'rt'^ldenl . re -diil Ir^ rrL^rv im-nir^ (le la pomi(]iie (|ni doil ii(>n> ,i:uidrr (lau> hi roudiiilr a leiiir \ i^-iVvis des indiuene-. Pour, servir. coujuie \\> oiil ir drnit de le demandcr, leur> inlerels le^ilinies. la Repuhlique francaise na qu'a cousul- ler ses principes. « Repuhlique, cela veut dire, justice, liberie ^>. Ces deux mots renferment en eux tons les devoirs (pie nous avons vi.^-a-vis d'l'ux. eomme ils formeni rensem- ble des devoirs (|ui s'iniposenl a eux .Nous savous ce qu'ils oiil fait bier : leurs <'nfunts onl etc nicies aux notres dan^ les luttes |)Our la defense natinnalc. cl c e liens exi>- taut en leur donnani d«'s drf»iN nouveaux. que j'ai Ir droit de dire : « Justice, liberie ; . KE.^SBFGNKMK>TJ< (OI-O^IMX — >0 Mais la justice et la liberie iuipliquenl, dans une demo- cralie, un iroisienie terine, qui nest pas moins neeessain*, e'est rautorile egaleuient respectee, librement consentie, Tautorile (pn s'impose a tons, qui doit etre n*specte(* par ions. Cette autorite elle s'exerce, ici comme dans la France enliere, sous l(»s formes les plus bienveillanies et les plus justes. Nous sommes decides a appliquer dr plus en i)lus cette politique realiste, qui tientcompte de tous les elements oule\ai'd doinine rimmense radc do Mers-(d-K('d)ir. l/escadre de la M('Mliteri'an(''e et plusieurs ( in- ;^M"s sont emhossi's dans le poil. I n(* tente a r\r (lr('ss(''e an hout de la teirasse. Sur line tahle est (dendu le plan des travaux (|ui voiit (Mre erdi'epris pour rexIcMision du port d'Oian. M. Millerand iV'licile le |)r('\si(|rnl de la ("Jianihiv d(* comuHM'ce (d lui donne lassurance (|ue le mi- nislrc (les lra\aux |)uhlics, j)resenl a la (('iM'monie. inelira un terme aux i)rati(pies reg^rellahles (|ui (ml r(dard('* de dix ans Tappi-ohalion du [)lan (pii \a ('trc {('ali^c ol (pii assurera la prospi'iilc di )raii. Lo corle;^(' olliciel (Mi \oilures aulnmohilrs ^c rcforuie |)()ur aller a I ll(>t(d de \ ille. La municipalili' recoil Ic president dc l;i lii'ini- bli(pie. j)uis le maire reinercie M. .Millerand davoii' su sauN ('g:arder la Prance et la l!('*pul)li(pie niena- ('('es j)ar les plus leriihies daufiTers. M. Millerand remercie le maire. puis rappelaiil la polilicjue (pi il sui\il an eoiirs de sa earri('ie, JWs (xprime en ces lermes : JUi a(*ceple drlre Teln de I A^semblce nali(malr J ai (b'- cbuT (|ue le presi(b'nl de la Republique ne pouvail, ru* devail rire Ibomine d'aucun piirti. mais (piil [Mmvait rfn* cl {\(- \ail etre Fbonime d'nne politique (iette politique, (die p(Mit s(^ carn<'teri>er ain^i : polilicpir national(\ polili(pie sociale. Poiili(pie nalionale, parce qu elb place au-dessus de tool, dans relude de tous les problemcs et dans le choix de toutes les solulif>ns, rintc^ri't de la na- tion : politirpie soriale. (>«rce fjirelle (b^if i:roup(U' tons le- •^ -f- -f^ ^- SI 1-2;! :Ji.>Mi««Mhi«litai[ »1 ^ f I ii :* ( :r i • '. i ! ',! *' I- 1 ' i V J' / 1 n 'i ' j! I I i h i < 1 ! BULLETIN 01 GOMITK DK L Al^^RlQUE FRANgAlSE i'luin.ai^ dans uii inruu' efl'ort de ftulidurilt*. (^ehl celU^ poli- lii|uo, et j'eu suis pi-ofoudement heun^ux, ijui ^roup*^ u'l reuseuibU* descitoyeiij? ui*anaib. Pour Ja praliquer avtM- siicceh, voulez-voiis me i>eriuelln'. Jill ribc|iie(l(» mr repelrr, de voiis diir (jiie I union el la con « «»rde eidre le^^ riloyens sont iiidispeiisahli ^ an iiiriiie litre cjiie ia liberie lidale de eroyaiiee el d'opinion el le respeel ahsolu iifi^ mis a Tegard des aid res. Ci'esl dcuis ees eoiiditioiis que la Kranre vl la Kepuldiqiie pour«uivronl U aiarche glorii'use qui vienl d«' s ouviir pour ♦ •lies par la noble vietoire, qn avee le eone^mris de no:? allies, nous f»nl donnee Therolsnie de nos soldals el la seieiuM' d<' l«'Ui> ehefs. Je soubaite de tout eieur. Monsieur le maire, a la ville d Onui. a lous ses habiUmts. un avenir de grandeur el de jH'os{>orile lei que vous le ra(^ritez el. j'en suis siir, qu<* vous aMeia>(:ours alleini Mnseiirn. rnnrii'iiiii' n'siili'm-e de li'mir \l)d i'l Kailer. \illi' iVaneaisi' di' lo.OiMI liahilanfs r.ontigui*' a In Mi'dina peuj)lei' di' liH.OOOiniligf'nrs Li* Pix'siiiint . I'i'eu il la sous-prefi'itnn. i*ehangi' a\ei' les autoiili's de> |)ai'o]cs de cDUiloisie. Li's «'lus i't l'oni*lii>nnaires soni pri'si'iili's a M. .Milb'- r(uuL Li's ]iai)iljinls lonl ;iu INesidenI un aerui'il cjialeui'i'ux. Apres \r lour iii' la villi' aii mllii'u des ai clama- lions. M. Milli'rand i|uitli' Mascara a IT h. I'l [xtr rliemin ili' li'r. Li' train arri\c a PJ h. lo a IN'rregau.x. pi'tile \ille ili' G.OOd habitants. Li' iliui'i' de iOO C()U\ert>. olTiii par h's (^ojn- pagnies J\-L.-M. i»t di' LEtal algcrien. est ser\ i SOUS une vasli' ti'iite i)rni''i' di' palmii'is, iie tapp et ili' trophi'es ih.' ilrapi'aux. M. Miller(UHi pieside, ayant a ses coti'> MM. Le Trocquer. L6on BeranL Steeg h^ haules f)ePsonna]ite^ dirigeantes df^s di'ux reseaux el Ic^ inembres ilu Parlemenl. \ riionri'di's toasts, M. Li' TroCijuer ilil sii ficrlc ill' salni'r II' Pr/^sichMit an noni du i^i'isonui'l ihs ri'seanx Vous le conniii She/ uiieux que persoiine, dit M. Le Troc- quer, vous qui futes sonclief On pent dire que le personnel de8 cbemins de fer ^» {mr niilliers an (Ibanipd bonnt'ur ; b'S aiitn's out assure b's coni- uiunieations el li'.ravitaillement. Aujourd'hui. e>sl la lutle eeonomique C ist avee satisfaclion que j'ai vu I'Algerie i'nlrepreiidre un vaste [nourauime ile li'eivanx publi<*8. M. Li' TpiKipii'i' ajoule : LAI;^eriea eonipris qn il i\\ aurail pa^ de politique pln> ni'ifasle que eelle qui ne ronsenlirait pas l(*s saerifiee^ neeessain^s pour assurer I'avenir. ij' minisin' se n'iouil ile la cohesii)n, iJe la col- labortilion d<*s diux reseaux algeriiMis, doat le pei- sonnet, a Urns les degres, a coidribue a leur pros- pi'rite el a celle de L Algeric*. M. Li' Troecjuer Ic've son vein' en riiouneur ile I Algi'nii' i'l du Presidi'ut de la Kepublique. Ue|K)ndant a M. Le Trocquer, M. Millerand h' remercie, aiusi que les Compagnies de leur hospi- lalile et prie M. do Neuflizi' d\Mri' son iiderprlte aupres ile M. Derville. ♦ Li* President l{;ve son mvvv a larmee des che- rninots algi^^iens. eoUabora tern's indispensables de la [)rosperile du pays. Li'S convive^ fc^nl iuw manil'eslation en Ihiui- neur du President. M. Millerand et les pi.'rsoiuiages (pii lacconqM- gnent prennent place, a 10 heures, rtcuis le train pri'sidentiel ijui part aussildt. Le 18 avril, M. Millerand et U\s personnages cpii I aecompagniMit dt^seemhMit a 8 heures eii gare irAffn»villi\ graiul marche de la region, qui porte le ni)ra ile rarchi'Vi^'que de Paris, lue sous les bar- rii'aili's en I8i8. Li* Pri'sident ile la IU'*publii|ue i*st salue [mi MM. Lidehun*, prefet ; Duroux, senateui*: Fiori id Abbo, ilepnti's mid ilaiih'r les n'[)resentanls ile la regiiui a ivaliser les grands travaux, nolam- inerd cidni du barragi' dii (]hi''lif. i|ni assun'ronf la si'cuiilc (ui\ agricultenrs. Le Piesidcid gravil h*s manhes d uui' haute tri- buui' ilou I i)n ili}ci)uvn' une, vui' trf»8 vaste sur la plaiiii'. La populalii)n acclanu' M. Millerand, qui n^gagui' bienlot son train. * Olui-ci reparl a 8 h. 30 pour lllida. Li' l>resident arrive a Blida a 10 h. 30. M. Kaoul IVrel, pn'sident ile la Chambre des d6putes. Vi»nii en automobili' d Alger, salue M. Millerand. M. Mi'ssance, maiiv de Bliila. souhail^' la bien- vi'inii' an Piesiih'nt A la gi^Hudi' joh/ ile la population, la pluie. aimfMiciatrici* i|e^ nioissou'^. ci)fnmi'nci' a tomber. 12\ ' mm»M oa^MMaUM f kENSfiluKEMfcNTS OOLO^lAUX Siir lout lo long parcourjs, a travers les rives lleuiies et pavoiseas de la ville, le President de la Uepublique est acclame par une foule tr6s dense, A rH6lel de Ville, le maii^e pr6sente au Presi- dent les corps constituifii et les fonctioniiaires. Pendant plus d'une heurc, le cortege roule dans les jardins ombragos par les arbres fruitiei's dc* loides esseiux^s el arrive au Bois-Saei-e, ou m' li'ouve le marabout de Sidi-ben-Yarx)ub. M. iMillerand se promt^ne h pied au milii^u du public qui Tacclame. Le President assisle a uu grand dejeuai^', h Tissue duquel le niaire se fail rinlerpiek' d(^s sentiments patriotiques d(* ses roncitoyens, unis dans le travail pour ie relive- mcnt do rAlgeri(\ La presence du chef do TEtal les encouragera a j)erseverer dans celte voie pour la gloire de la France. Kaid Hammond, delegur financier, rappelle ipie c'est la France qui feconda la Mitidja. II affirme la solidarili^ dos musulmans avec tons les autres Francais. L'Alg^rie est le raodMede Talliance inde- fectible des deux i*aces sous Tegide de la France. M. Kicjfi, de[)ule, remercie M. Millerand de sa visile au nom des elus du departementii' Alger. L(* Tresidenl [)rononce un discours que les con- viv«»s ecoutent debonl. Apr^s iivoir ditcombien il esl siinsible aux acclamalions cpii ont salne le i(»presontant de la France, il ajoute : f.e \ dvaije que j'ai eiilrepris ji ra>al»laiu'a pour le terminer H Tunis ji uiir si^nifii'uUoii quia ett^ loul de rsuite aettemenl comprise. DaUoiHl, rest uii liommaire dr rcc^onnaisganco aux boldats indJgoiiPs, franrais et fils d'tMrangiTs, qui, d^s le premier jour des liostiliU's, se sonl 1^'ves |K)ur courir au sei^-ours de la Mere-Palrie ; eii>uile. et [leisoune ne s y es^t niepris, j ai enteudu iiiarqucr avee eelal les liens (jui, depuis si loiig- lem[)s,iuai> \A\\^ pailiculieicrneiit (lepui^ Ir ^iorl(» dernier, uuissLMit la Tiaiice a I l-laiii En cnk'iidant tout a liieure le> paroles de KHid llammouil j'ai v<''ril"ie une loi?> iie nous elions pas Irompes, celte eoiuinnuaule que nous voulon> chaque jour plus inlimc el [duselioile eiili'e W% indi«zeues el U's (H)lons, elle esl aujouni hiii uiie <-hounilu cole a cole sur les chani[»s de Iwdaillo; elle sallirnie cluujuc join* dan^ la (>aix. cornnie tdle s't'st alfinnee daii< In ^Micrre. (]cHe enlrule. rllo vA < ornmaiideo par le sonri (U's iiihivl^ de> nn> el de> aulres. inai> ('"e>l en vain (jue riiiltTcl >c fcrait enleiulre si le r et affectueux (jiie celte euni- iinnifiiite >c>l lorlilicc clia(jiic jonr- jns(ju'a ileveuir indis- "oluldc. M. Millrraiut lormim' eii di>anl lanmur proioiul k\v la France |Mmr rAl;j:oiio. II declare qu'iMi acror- danl n TAIfreiie raiit(>noinio doid (»ll(* (i\ ail besoin pour son (level()|q>enionl ol sa piospei'ite. la Frjuice ii'a oiitondu roinprc aiiciin (l(»s liens (|iii ruiiisseni A rile. l^rs junrolcs dii cbel tir I Klat son! lVe(|n(Miniienl a|)platidi(*s. Apres le dejeuner, le corlej^M' piesiilenliel. pour so rcudre a la gare, travei'se encore la ville. Ln population manifo^l^e aver une ^rande force sa joie dapplaudir et acclamer le president. Le train pr^sidentiel part a li heme-j pour Algrr. oil il arnvo a 1?) h ."»0 Alger Les balimeuls de Tescadre de la MetlilerrantM* el le cuirabs6 Paris^ mouilles en rade, onl arbore le grand pavois. L(^s floltes elrangeres sonl repre- sentees par un cuirafese el deux destroyers briUui- iiiques, un croiseur et un coiUre-lorpilleur anie- ricains, un cnirassr espaj^nol el un croiseur portugais. M. Millerand est salue a sa d(*scenl(Mle wagon, a 15 h. 50. par MM. llaiberli, niinistre de la Marines (Iheron, niiinstie (W rAgricullure ; llaffi, mairc^ d'Alger, el ses adjoinis: le general Panli- ni(»r, conunandanl le 19*" coj'ps: le general d(* Bonn(*val, connnandaid la division; raniiral Lau- gier, comniandanl la mariins Uicliard, |)residenl (In Conseil general; Thomson, Uoberl David. Denise, Nobleinaire, deputes; Drdinaire. (iuttoli. Leinery, senaleurs. Le President passi^ en revue la coinpagnic^ du 9^ zouaves, qui rend les lionneins. ol sort de la gart*. Les navires en rade. li^s forls. lireid los salves regl(Mnenlaires. Le maire d'Alger souhaite la bi(Miveinie an Fre- sidenl de la liepublique au noni de la popidalioii (tlgeri(*nne, qui voit dans la longn<' nuidonnee do VI. Millerand dans TAfriqiio iin ach* d(' foi dans Pavenir. M. Millerand remercie le maire d'avoir >i bien defini le but de son voyage, qui esl nn acte do reconnaissance envers les niorts. et de I'oi onA renx (pii travaillent potu' sauvi^garrh'r h'> IVnils do la \icloire. M. Millerand en liabil. lo grand rordon do la Legion d'honneur en sauloir. uioido dnns un lan- dau de gala atlelo a la Daumonl M. Sleeg. gouverneur general, lo niioro ol 1 ano- ral Vindry prenni'ut placo dtin> sa noIIuio Lo prosidoid do la (ihantbro. los (inalro iiiinisiiv-. lo> nioinbn^s du ParlonionI, los offioior> ;j^r'io''rau\. nionU^d dans les landaux Mii\anls. Los voitur<^s gi^nissonl loid(Mnonl los lanipos <|ni nionont bouh^Nard do la Ue[)ul)li(|iio. Ijs fono- \vri> (d les balcons des grands inuneublos (|ni boi- dent celle voie face a la m(M' soul noiisdo niondo. I'm* fonh* considerable so tietd sous los arcades. L(*s applaudisseinents. los ciis do : \\\r Mille- rand 1 \i\i' la France* I \\\v la llepubli(|ue ! >o fondent dans une rumour eonsi(loral)le. Lo cortege suit lo boulo\ar i »j li J ! iti ;i^ ii !»■ - ? I "V ll ■ i! t,5 BULLKTLN DU COMITE DE L AFRigUE FRANgAISE huur (\ittoivM|ue lie ces Sahariens el le> manteaux tvarlatc?^ do iioinhnnix raids sont d un heureux ♦"ffot dans IV palais d'architetMure mauresqutv l.^^s receptions tonninees. le Pre^sident so rend ivtv le menie ceremonial, au Palais d'ete. >itne Mir U^ hauteurs iif» Mustapha. l>^> Al^riens m^ l>ousoulent jvir dixaines de milHers pour accU^mer lo rl>ef de I Flat I.e President arrive a IT h 30 %u l^lai^ dele oil 1 attend M** Millerand. l.e tVvvidenI do b Ke|.Hit>Uqne a>si>le. re >4\ir, au t^nlais d ete au tiinerque donne. in >4>n tionnenr, le ^Mivemeur ^rtnieml. Ix" diner. d«>nne jvtr le CvHixenunir ^vnemJ de t Vl^rerie et M** Stt\^: tn Ihonmnir du pr^'^sitient de la BepnWiqiit" el do M*^ Milk^rai>f1. t ^t ^^rvi i.n\> le siMn|^ueu\ dts^^r de la >jillt^ dt^ fott^^ du |v^lai> d ete va>te izalerit^ ntN>HiK^ur^^nt\ r>>i>M^>- Jrvute en li^li de^^r^^^ |Mr lox orientali>to>« lo^ t.e> nnift^nue^ de> itnumuv, de> ir^^neraux, K>n¥ate<. t^s K^ h->urtvi et t^Hl> e*^i-4olW"^ lit^ de^\catk>n> de (i>us W> |vi\>s s harnvMiis^^it a\>N^ U^s HVv»<|^^H^ de lali^tK>^ mult^>4»^n^ |4aq\ie^^ «f<>r de^ iTniUvie^ an^de-- %le I \>diti^v Iji^ |>n^siiienl vie b (.hamtw^ tW dr|Hilo^ k*^ a>enitM>"s du inMixenv^aifHit el «iu l^*rif^n>t^nt, 1 ar- rW\t\pH^ dWlcvN^, K^ tviutv fiiiiv'i^Mnviin"^ ot le< i>>^lal>itites d Vlirer v>nt i^te invile> V l^>-uedu diiHf M Milit^rarvi -^^ r>^ivi .^u vn^it niilitain^, tx^ urn" n^'x'j^KMi e^ ^ii^nne^^ • n 1 b-^iv i><^ur i^^ *\ffViS^r^ d<"^ ns^xirv^ tr:%i>*^j-^ e! etraj^fer^ jui p.tr"rv^nJ dt inai;^ ,^ la n M>f na>^l'", M MilK^mr^i t^ r>\^u au e^^rv*^- militairx" i%ar le rt !-•< laniitt^ hn^Unmvs^t illnminT^ ^Mi la haulr^ --iV"'^e^o .i VLrcT ^ ^">4 rtHiaK' I asisa^ian-v tail au l^^^^^ieat r,n a^^^iieil ^ik^kn^^tMix IV la l*-fTas^ , i » -: auiWimriCrjiSx^ *^*^ R»:yaiix ^' hv^i&iNa^v ! I une Alger agrandie et enibellie. qui a bieu >ervi la France pi ndant la guerre et qui continue lians la j^x. en travaillant dans luniou san- arrien- pensee M. Milleraud nm«rrie Aljrer d avuir pri- iMmme filleule laville dt CamhraiO j:e>t- attpsh t]ue lAl^rie t->t intioiemcnt uiiie a touti-^ h- joit^. a t.Hitcs le-* d«Hiltur^ dt- la |tfitrie. !>• Pn^-i ilent Mt^ met a t4>ml>er alx>ndamment ri ci la piirait ^Ir^ decidement la fin de la ^iid^- >^ h#> re>s<^ qui, de|HU> deux moi--. an?oiident rolocide aifi>i avec uu rvenement qui n-jouit la |N3pulati«»n Le> Al:renn>- s<»us leur^ iiarapluic^. s^* ti#-un»M»« debiMiiioWeurtsur le pav>agod'u IVsidoiit applau- •Us>ent ot iMxIament. (Vt^t 'hmi'^ line a>erst (••rrontielK' qu«* !•• pn-^*- dt^il *W la RcpuNiipi^- l«'^ ministre^, h- i^n^^nKni tit* la ilhambn'- lo ;:cHi\«*n»our :i^t*nenil. Ic niair^ k^ prefH. k*-^ ^naU^ir> r>| de|»ute^ travi-rsent a |^\1 Ir « iinofit^n- >aiut-Eu;L'»MH- ji^nir m«»iitfr ju- quau nK^nimttit aux m«»rt-- Lc lVrrk"U>4v {jL- ^-y^rii^^* ye r\*mi a trv-^ \i>»- allur** a b«»iiza- nMih- jif-tit \ illaiTo >ur un*- tiautt^jr a i<>0 mHn-- d altituiif", a (* kil^mMri-^ dt- la \"illo- i»ii I <»n arriv* |%ar la t^tli* nnil*' du Fmi^Valk>o et d ••u r«*n a un K^u f>>»int d»- Auc trr^ ct'-n^iu ^ir La Mitiiiia ^ Sabt^l r-t k^ iitti^ral m'-iit'-m^nAtni l>^ o>rte2:>" r>>te^>*D^i a Alg»'r jiar la ktr^lit' d ElUtiar hi •ketvu^^UK-nr'nt k-s pr^mien^ tr-up - fraiK^i^-^ sur k tr>mt«»irv d Alir»-r ij^ mair-- rapp»*tV 'V-tl* •iatr- ini[«*rtani' . M Vlilk^nnn^i ^^••?>1 pi- H fief»u{4i":jo»^ «->! a--^ / di^^'^o^'^sH^n^ l^^iiT \^ j4a^ ^ iTv liifT-r s?tfi> arr> '^^ >^ ^^t j*r- ♦ii*jt'-^ l^ n>*iiarh#»' frai*rai^^ qui •-? fv^i ^•'^vji xk KXir^ a^aiiJ *> di>p.^vrait?vv a f^i,i- ^-1 h 'ira^^PAix iran-nj-, ,^ rva^iu a U FraaK-e i:" >»^^ >> >cml in-\A'-^\Tf' file na j*a> !i^>4ai>r t. •oil ? *^''i>(^^iK Ek i a 2>-rKiii li^^rs ^^-uk-m^r^t a la F?m».> m&f^ a f Aij>T> >k- mu>utea2i- a la ^i> Irsa: saiTv^ al>t>ii, K'Vi larsaBi n t.r nf4e m-^ a ! ! h ^f^ c^ >^W* r.^rv f c^v ii ii^ Fvx: T*^ " \^y.- I :'V*H- • ^ I* ^ in i» i I 1 s I 1 • I ,1 in ; -4 1 '* Mil ! I ' ill V j , ( ill: V i ih w i .^ BULLETIN DU COMITE UE L'AFEIQUE FEANgAISE timir piltoiv^^que tie ces Sahariens et les manleaux <»carlates do nombivux caids sont dun heureux offcl dans c(^ palais (rarchitertiire mauresque. Les receptions terminees. le President se rend avec le memo ceremonial, au Palais d'ele, situe sur les hauUnirs de Miistapha. Les Algeriens so bousculent par dizaines de milliers pour acclamer Ir chef de I Khil. Le President arrive h 17 li. 30 .ni Palais dete. on TattiMid M"'*' MilhTand. Le President de la Republique assisle, re soir, au Palais d'ele, au diner que donne, vn son honneur, le gouverneur general. Le diner, donne par le gouverneur general de I Algerie et M'°" Steeg on Ihonneur du president d(* la Jlcpublique et do M'"" Millorand, osl servi dans 1(^ somptueux dernr d(* In salle dos ff'^tos du pjilais d'ete, vaste galorio neo-iuaurosquo, immous- Iruite en 1914. deroroc^ ]n\v los orieritalistos ic^s plus renonunes. Los uniform(*s d(*s amiraux. dos gonoraiix, dt^s diplomates, dos bach-agha (d oaYds eousbdios d(^ deoorations de tons l(*s pays, s'harmonistMit av(M' los mosiuques de faieneos nudtieolon^s plaqueos (Tor (les grandes airadi^s do Tedifioo. L(^ presideid d(» la (iliambn^ dos deputos. los ruiMubres du (jouveruemoni et du Parloniont. 1 ar- ohove(|ue d'Alg(M\ les bauls fonotionnairos ot les notabilitos d'Algiu; out ole invites. ' A IHssihmIu diniM'.M. Millerand scM'oud au rorido niilitaire, on une roooption (*sl dormeo on Ihon- neiu^ dos offiriei's dos na vires franoais et etrang(Ms qui parlirijxM'onI (b^main a la rovuo navalo. M. Mill(M'aud est roou au rerelo militaire par lo gen('M*al Paulinier. (|ui lo conduit >dans los salons r\ los jardins bi'illanunont illumines, oii la liaulr society* d'Algoi' s'(*st r('Muuo. l/assist^ncT fait au Pi'osidenl im acMueil cbaloureux. l)(^ la torrasso, le Pivsid(Mit admiiN^ lo sjUHdacIo des navires do guoiTo. dont los contoui's s(^nt (dincelants de luniiei'os. Lo gonoial Pauliiiitu*. lo\ anl uno c()U[)o i\r cliarn- p (Toll' ;ni niilhu dos aoclnnial ions dr In popnialioii ali:<'*roisr. La \ dio iliuniin^'r |M'(''srnto In plus grandf aui- uialion. Lo 19 n\iil. \r Piv>idriil (juillo. a S h. i{0. lo pidais deti' poui' ^o roridrc a THobd do N'ille. on lui sont prosentos la inuuicipalite el les Cons(dls opulation algoroist* orgueillousement fran- caise, qui a cree sur la lorro de I'Afrique du Nord une ville qui fait rorgueil de la m^rc patrie, etqui. pendant la gueire. a fait pour elle les plus grands sacrifices de sang et d'or. y\. Millorand oxpiinio sn joi(^ dr nnmir dan^ une x\lger agrandie et embellie, qui a bien servi la Fmnce pendant la guerre et cpii continue dans la paix. (^n travaillant dans lunion sans arriere- pensee. M. Millerand rouK^rcio Alger d avi)ir pris comm(* filleule la ville deCainbrai. Ogc^sto attosfo que TAlgerie (»st intiniemcnl unie a toutos l(»s joir^s, a toutos I(*s doulours dr la palrie. Lo Presi- dent sigiu' l(* Livre dor du (^onseil nuuuci|)aL lia plui(i so met a tomber abondanunent ot ctda parait 6lre decidement la fin de la grandc^ secbe- resse qui, depuis deux mois, angoissait tons les Algeriens. Le voyage du President coi'ncidoainsi avec un ovenement qui rojouit la ])opulation. Les Algerois. sous leurs parapluies. so tieiuKuil de bonni^beuro sur le passage (Tn PresidiMil , applau- dissenlot acdament. (rest sous une averse lorrenliello quo lo jursi- denl (le la Ropubli(pie, Irs ministres, lo president de la Clian)bn\ le gouvoriieur general, lo utaire, l(* prefol, les senabuus r\ d6|)utes travc^rsenl a pied lo cinndion* Saint-Kugene pour monlor jus- qu'au nioiuun(Mit aux niorts. Le President, It'^te nue. sous la plui^, deposi' une graiule palnu* flourie el st rocuoilh* un instant (levant la sbdo gl()ri(^us(v Le corteg(3 se rend a tWis vivo allui'o a Hou/a- n'ab. petit village* sui* uin* bautiMu* a 400 nndros d'allitud(% a G kilomidros d(* la ville. oi^i Vow arrive [uir la belle rout(* du Fruis-Vallon et d'ou I'oti a un beau point d(^ vuo tres (^t(4idu sur la Mitidja. lo Sahel (*t le littoral UKMlibunuu^en. Le cortegi^ redescend a Alg(M' par la local it ('• (LEl-Biar on debaniuorouL les promitMrs troupes fran(;aises sur le t(^rritoir(» d'Alger. Le main* ?*appolt(» c(dte (Ude ini|>ortanto. M. Millorand r(''|)(>nd (pj(^ la l{(q)ubli(jue osl ass( / forlement assise. (I tr'op au-d(^ssus d(* toutos les discussions jxau* ne pus s'inolin(*r sans arri(''r(^- poiisei* devant toutes les gloires d(» notn* l)istoir(*. qu(d que soil lo nom du regime* sous hnpiel riles se sunt pi'oduiles. La nionarcbio fr(an(;ais(» (pn. en IS.IO. |)(Mi do jours avail! d(* disparaitre. a planit'' i(i lo dra[)eau fr(ui(;ais, a nuidu a la France un serxioi* dont peulndre elle na |)as m(*sur('' touto r(d(*ndue. Elle la rendu nou soul(*m(Md ala Pmnce. mais a LAIgeTio ot au mond(* musulmau, a la civi- lisation, on faisaut dis|^raltre co repairo de coi- saires (foil partai(Md l(*.s barbaresqiies (pn alhdent desolei' l(^s c(^fos de la M('Mlilerrane(\ J.a Fr dr \)[u<. a rciiipli sa iiii^^inii. La l(r|ni- ldi(iur la coiitiiUKMlepuis ciiKjuante ans rt hv«m- (|uel sm'ro>. nous le voyoiis. depuis que nous avons mis Ir |)ied sur cctlr tern' d'Alger. Nous pouvons unir le passe, le present ol raveiiii* dans un ineine sentimrnt de roufiauce ot d'espoic dans les d(*stinr'es fraiicaises. Os paroles, inipro^ is('H*s par lo chef de LKtal. (ui re lieu historique. jiroduisicent um* graiulo im])ression. Le Pr(^sident (*st rentiv a 10 beures au palais dtde oil il est r(*ste jusqu'gi lib. 30. M. Millerand preside k midi uu grand banqmd de 800 converts h la Foire-Exposition d'Alger. Lo dejeuner est effort au president de la Repu- hlicpie par \r Conseil municipal d'AlpM*. b^< (bde- - ij^; ■•■^^'-<^'-iimi!Xf^4.f'J*s::iartemenl. s'associe auxsentinunits precedemmeni exprimes. II forme li* vu^u (jue la question du fret, qui inten^sse au plus haul point TAlg^rie, soil re- solue au mieux (Pinlert^ls qui paraisseiit conlra- dictoiros'el terniino par un vif eloge de M. Sleeg c< qui, dil-il, a fail runanimile en Algerie aulour de son noni ». » [^ i/s applaudissmirnls.) y\, Sleeg, gouverneur general de T-Algerie, ])ro- nonce un eloquenl discours rrcMjuenuiieid inter- rompu [)ar de rhaleureux applaudissenienls. Sadressanl au ch(^f dc^ TLtat, M. Sb^eg dit loul (Tahord : L'Algerio franraist', |»ar la N<»i\ (h* sa capKalc vons saliie vl vous acolamr. Alger pouvail, a juste litre, revciidiquer rhoiiiicurqui iui eetioit; car, c'esl ici, qu'en 1830, apres quinze aniiees ireffacenient, la Franco affirniail sa volonte d'autoiiomie diploraalique el s(\s dcsseins d'expansion mediterraaeeiine. Kt, n'est-ce ^ms le siicces eelataiit de cette immense entre- prise qui Iui rendil con fiance dans ses aptitudes eolonisa- Iriees et qi^i Iui inspim le dessein de creer eel empire colo- nial oil, malgre les mutilations de Tannee terrible, la patrie devait truiiver un surcroil d^' force militaire. economi(jur el morale a Theure de sa suprrme eprenvef Le gouverneur preiieral oppose ensuilt* au speelaele des realisations artnellcs Icsobslacles (|ue reneontrerent les Lero^ (h's temps luborienx de laeonqurle Mais les rtVultalsaecini^ ne saurai(Mit distrain* iiotre esprit de la sitnation presente. des angoisses qu'elle ikmis cause, des difficultes quelle non- offre. des devoirs qu elle nous impose. L'Algerie. deeliire le gouverneur, loute lAlu'erie, s e>( confondue avec la mere patrie aux beures tie Teijreuve supreme Elle en a pnrtage les espoir^, les deuils, les exploits, le triomplo' C^omme elle, elle veeut la divine idlegre>isc de la victoiro: elle Si)uffre de la crise financiere, eeonomique et meme morale qui a suivi. L'inivrlitude de> relations eommerciales, Toscillation deconeerlante de toule> les valours, memo do la valour de la monnaie. affeclenl la ct)nfiaiice necessaire a une pleine effieacile du labour. La tension prolongee d nm* enorgie prosijue surhumaine pro- voquepar uneinevilaMo reaction, la re( berche fievreuse des fariles delasMMUents Comme les villages de France, a^r- lains oontre< de coloinsalion, drcimes par la guerre, se voient abnndonnes [u\r quelques-nns de lours liabilants qui pr^fercnt a une rem u miration incertaino ou iusuffisaiile (Fun labour obsline, poursnivi dans la solitude loiut^iine du bled souvont inhospitalier. Teelat deeevant et faux du biouH'tre de8 aggloraenitions urbaines. {a\ torre algerienno sjiura •^ien ramrner a elle ses enfants prodigues. Le (iouvornemont do la Kepublique. par le enlme el la fermete de sou Jtliitude. par la force de sa moderation assurera h la Fran<'e lc>roi>aralions de justice sans lesquelles il ny aiirait pln> pour le monde. ni de paix veritable, ni de (lair avenir I'neiel impiarable h |K)nr-ni>i «'l pour^uil en Algerie la besogne meurtri^re des hoiDmes. Apr^s le typhus et la di- sette, ce fut Feffondrement des cours des produits du sol. Alors que la vie cependant demeurait ch^re, pas plus que la France, notre grande colonie ne s'est abandonnee. Elle n'a pas tendu une main suppliante vers la mere patrie dont elle savait les eerasantes obligations pour assurer Faliraeutation d'une population d^sastreusement eprouv^e. Elle a multiplie les sacrifices Forte de la solidarite trempee dans F^preuve des elements ethniques qui la constituent, consciente de la force qui la soul^ve, elle marche d'un pas r^solu vers les destinees qu'elle fixe d'un regard assur*^. Elle compte non seulemeut sur I'enveloppante seduction de son ciel, de sa lumiere, de ses sites, mais sur I'energie methodique de son audacieuse volonte, i»ur la nette vision des probl^mes ei des solutions qu'ils coraportent. Elle enteud liquider le deficit 16gu6 par la calamity des dernieres annees, rcaliser courageusement F^quilibre budgetaire, gage de son credit, condition de ses progres. Vous le voye/. Monsieur le president de la Republique, poursuit M. Steeg, il nest pas a craindre que I'Algerie se iaisse gagner par ce vertigo d'orgueil ou tant de pays noufs ont fini par comprometlro leur avenir. sous pr^texte d'aeee- lerer leur t^ssor. >'on, elle veut s 'armor pour la lutte eeono- mique sans que I'appareil de son armature risque de I'^cra ser: mais elle sait bien que les dons de la nature ne suffi- sent |)as h assurer le sueces de son effort. Four que IVpuvre soit durable, il Ini faut les liens dune solidarite entiere, la conscience dun effort eolloetif dont I'objet dopasse la port^e materialisto des egoismos indivi- duels. J'ai pu vous dire, Monsieur le President, qu'en dopit des elements ethniques qui la constituent, FAlgerie etait de la France, de la vraie France. Nulle part, vous ne senlire/ vibrer plus d'attachement, plus de fid^lite, plus de feneoi" filiate que suAee sol ou tons, h Funisson, confondenl dan^ un ^gal amoi^les chevaleresques traditions de la France et la genereuse mission de la Republique. iNotro democratie a su rallier autour iFolle des homme?* de races et d'6ducation diffo rentes, et sa vertu superieure a ete do lour inspiror ce sentiment lucide dil devoir national qui est d'union et non point de sacrilege dechirenionl. Flic n'a jamais cherche a infliger aux autres des asservissements quelle if»pousse pour olle-meme. Les faits se ehargent d'apporter leur tranquille dementi aux legendescalomnieuses repanduos sur la rigueur de noire domination. Rien no permet de meconnailre FinspLralion i:enereuse de noire politique miisulmaue en Algerie. C'e>l dans la plenitude de notre libre volonte. en dehors de tout romanlisme comme de tout calcul, comme de toute crainte. quo nous poursuivons une teuvre d(» justice et de civilisa- tion. La France se realise do plus en plus. (!c n'est point par faiblesse quelle est ecjuitable. Kile est asse/ forh^ pour sr faire obeir. Mais cette force, elle la revele et Faccroil par b* respect qu'elli' merite. par Faffeclion (ju'elle insjdre. Le g(iuv(*ruein' litMirrai teruiiue ainsi : Quand vous ave/ [>ris le pouvoir. Monsieur le FresidenL de la Republique, et comment n'evoquerais-je pas as c*e unr emotion de fiorte reconnaissante Fheure oil vous me file- rbouneur de nrass(K*ior a votre taehe de iVrraote civique. de eoncorc)^ republicaine et de (lignite nalionale, vous ave/ app lesNeux fixes suirideal respb^idissiUit de la patrie victo- rieuse. Ui seule force de votre prograuime d'union fraternelle. dans le travail, par le travail, snffit a brisor les entreprises de sectaires insoumis qui pretendalent faire le bonheur du proletariat en Feerasanl >ous le< mines de la ^'rande demo- cratie fran(;aise. Ce que vous a[q>orte/. anjonrd'hui a TAlgorie, c'e^l Ir ^alut de la France reconnaissanle sans dout*» et avant ton I. mais. c'est aussi la loeon de vos preceptes, les principes de \otre action Aux beures les plus graves, vous n'ave/ ^wis desespere de la patrie*. L'exemple de votre energie, de votre labour, de voln* foi nationale. de votre volont(^ do r^tconei- lialion civiqm^ el de prop:re< social animera. rc'confortera ' i t ♦ 'I 1 ft I 11 I I ■ - ■■4f' -J \± y ■ W «« JUtlrf^ » m»m ■ mm^msmfimiKStWSBftllii.* -.'.^ r,t>tAy0^ \V n !!i :'«' I ' ! I I ( '■ I ' .1 ;i ' I ii !i! »!. . • ill " * H i'* » ■ M? BULLETIN DU GOMITE DE L'AFIligUE FBANgAISE iHclivilc' cle tous Ir? enfants de la tcnv Hlg^rrknne, unit dans rhommnge de respect qui va h voli'e p<^r»onne. nais auj^si dans rexpre»Blon de la tendrc gratitude qo'lls 6prou- vfnd ft regard de l« Franre yiouvemine lour proteotriee puis- -ante, inatermdlo et junle Le pivsidoiit do la llopubliqur a proiuiiice le (liscours suivanl an bMii(|ii(*l qui a (mi li(»u A la Koire-ExposilioM : l.c 3 aou! 191 V, a <» h. 45 du soir. rAllemagnc declttmil hr liiKM'ie a la France. Le lendemaiii, 4 aonl, ft b heures dn matin, l(*s [lorls de Hone el de FMiilippeville snl)issaienl le pronnier boinlmpde- dcrneiil de renncnii. (Ir nest pas sans emotion que. j'evoqiie aujounrtuii, daun nllc ville qui s lent de re8erver un si magnifique nccueil WW represenlanl In meme revolte, dans la uieme I'oi, dans le menae amour de la Kranee. de la patrii* eoramuue pour la defense cle laquelle h's nns rt l(»s autre^s s<' dr»es**erf»nt. d'nn smmiinc. ^W La rcpoiisc. cll(» est vcnu^' enfin de celle population algc- l^ciine qui. snns uiie minute de defaillance, pondant les (hires annees d epreuves. a eontnlmc de tons ms moyeuJ*. aver one energie el one generosite inlassaldes. nu mvitaille- inenl n est pas le sent Nous s()nnne> asse/, enciins a exercer sur nous-raeraes iiotre efci{)rit critique el a nous juger av(»e uiie se\V'riU!» par- Inis excessive pour saisir Torcasion aujounrhui offerte de inettre en lumicrf la grande le<;on, tout k rhoniieur de la Kranee, qui se degjim' de I'aetive collaboration de tous les Algeriens qu'ils >()ieid Fran(;xiis. d'origiiie europoenne on (le race indi^iMic. line (eu\ n* gloricnse de civilisation a r\0 acconiplie dans ce pays: nous avons le droit d'en Mrv fiers et notre reeon- naissancv est dnenux korames qpii, au cours d'uiie p<^riode presque s(''culairo, out su non seuleraent assun^r la conqnTde du sol, mais - resultat autrement rare ot pp'Mieux (d)tenir Tadlu^sion des intelligences et dos ccpurs. C'esl fi enx que j'entends rendrc* hommage. Ce sont cor Ills de France, courageux, intelligents, eutreprenauts, qui onl rendu possibles les n'sultats dont nous nous enorgueil- lissons aujounHuii. Ce sont eux qui, en creant ces fermes. ces exploitations agricoles, ces centres de colonisation, (vs villages el ces villos vers lesquels lYdf^ment indigene se sen- tail de plus en plus attire, out prepan>, puis dinenl^ la niVessaire et bienfaisantr communautt^ des intor<^ts. En associant ejroitement ft leur (euvre la population indigene, en rinitiant ft leurs m^thodes. en la faisant participer ft leur prosperit(^ its rout progressiveraent aeheiiiin(^»e v(*rs une liarmonie de sentiments qui devaient se iftanifes^ter aver ('•clat le jour on la Franee menac^e rappellerait [i defendre le patrimoine commun. Au cours du voyage de mon Eminent pp<%i(Vesseiit et ami, M. le President Loubet. v\\ Alcrerie, \m cli«*f indig^ae socriaii : u Noiis iM)mmos tows pr^ts a naareber sous le dra- peau francais pour la d6feuse de la France », Ce que valait cette promesse, jaillie spohtan^ment des levres d'un agha en avnl 1903, les faits Font v^'rifii^ de 1914 a 1918. San« doute, une adaptation au«si laborieuse, aussi delicate ne s'est pa>^ aeeomplie sans lieurts, sans ft-coups. II nest pas d'ceuvre humain(» surtout dune telle complexile — qui n'entraine avec elle d'inevitables erreurs. Ge nVn est pas moins pour la France un litre d'imperis- salde honmnir que d'avoir tente, sur cette t(*rre d'Afrique. la conquete morale des populations indigenes, et de I'avoir realis6(% en respectant scrupuleusement leur foi, leurs tra- ilitions et leurs mieurs. Cert4^s, ce n'etait pas nn probleme aise que celni de rendre aimable a des races d'origini*, de raentalite et de civilisation si diff^rentes. Taction de notr^» autorite, el c'esi u» devoir bien doux ft remplir que de rendre aux homm(»s qui Font resolu, a tous ceux — militai r(»s el civils qui se sont succede ici depuis tant6t et^nt ans, cette justice qu'ils ont sn a Iravers la consciencieuse recherche des meilleures for- mulofi de (colonisation, edifier ptm ft peu une o^uvre digne de la France, de la plus hauler personnt* morale, pour re- prendre le mot de Gnmbetta, qui soil dans le monde. Bieu loin de songcr ft d^truire, ces eonquerants s'atUi clierent, au Qontraire, ft cr6er de la richesse et du bien*Mre. lis apportereo' a la population Indigene, d^cim^e par la raa- ladie, les miseres physiologiques, Finestimable secours de la scjence moderne. Par uue organisation m^thodique de la lutte contre les epidemics, par la creation d'h6pitaux, dlnfirmeries indi genes, per ram^lioration cohetante du sort des populations, ils reussirent, non s(»ulement a enrayer la mortality, mais a determiner un accroissement significfttif de la population qui serait ft lui seul - s'il en etait besoin - la plus elo- (pu'nte des r6pouses a uos detracteurg. L'fPuvre se dc^'veloppe ^ous nos yeux. Pour u'avoir pris [possession de vos hautes fonctions. que depuis quelques mois. mon cber Gouverneur general, vous n'en ave/ pas moins deja fail apprecier par vos administres. Francais et indigenes, les rarea qualites de tact, de cons- cience, d'autorile qui vous avaien d^signe au cboix du (louvemement. S'il mV»taJt permis de dietinguer entre les fonclionnaires placeg sous votrt* eminentt* direction, je d^slrerais exprimer jdus particulierement la reconnaissance du pays a C4»rlains d'tintre eux auxquels meparait etre coofi<'*e une dys missions les plus essentielb's et les plus complexes. Je veux pavb'r de uos admiuistrateurs des communes mixtes, si modestes et si racritants. G'est par eux que Foeuvre de penetration el de (H)loni8ation frau^aise, entrcprise par nos colons, s'est trouv^ compl^tee. Vivaiit en (X)nUu*t plus ^Iroit encore avec les indigenea, parlant leur laugue. les aimant, lis ont su. dauji Fenserable, ^4 re lea protecteurs, les 6ducateurs, les aiumateurs de cette soeietf^. d(Mil it imporlait de guider pru- demmeut lY'Volution dans le sens de ses traditions. C'est ft la conception qu'ils se font de leur nMe, a Fi^sprit ulever»ement eeonomique; elle a eu (^galeraent pour con- s^uenee un t^branlement moral considerable. Elle a jete, a t ravers le monde. dans un desordre lumultueux un fkd d idt'»es, de revendications, de prineipos dont il serait bardi de pretendre qu'une tentative trop rapide de realisation ne ri! croyances, au rytbme de leurs propres fa- culties fl'^volution. les populations qu'ils administnmt ver< " s — Its ;«aM»Lx^. -;jM«..,<««.^.^...v>.^,.....f^;^ ^^^ .. ^ ^ . ^ ,..- • | - , ||| m -|| ,. tev I •«« ^^'Kft»a..:Zl^ I ilifcil RENSEICtNRMENTS coloniaux nil olal 8CK»iriK pulitiqiK' H (•tcuMHuiiHic oui, rlmqiic jcmr (iineliore, iie eesse pas louiefoin iW I'npomlfc mix t'xigeiices (le leur ipeiilalili* et (ie leurs Iraditioiis. Au premier rang des artisans de relle grandr u'uvre. jr tieiis h saluer los membres des m^le^^ihons financi^res alge- riemies. Vous avex auijdenienl justifie, Messienrs, la confianre que vous avail temoignee ie (ioiivernenienl (i(» la Repul)lique, en remettant enlre vos mains h^s deslin|/inent iailc n'a rien a redout er. Entre la nietropob* et TAIgcric, I'union est indis^oluljlc. Le sang verse en connnnn la delinitivernenl scellee el la fralernite d(*s amies s'esi affirniee si riroile, dans de si tni- giques cireonstances, que la France [)eul, sans inquietudes, avee la fierle et la tendress(» confiante dun cd'ur uialeniel. restreindre son r6le a assurer la marclie toujours plus lihre de sa fille clierie ver'< les niagnifi([ues deslinees (jue laxenir nous reserv<' Je leve uion verr'ea TAIgerie. a sn |>r<^>sjM''ri1e. a <«»ji ji\enir, i\ ses representants Kn (|uiHaiil la Foirr-Kxjx^sjtioii. \r pivsidenl de la Uepul)li(pie sc rend sur Irs (|iiais pour prr^sider la coroiiionie de I iiiaugruialion des lra\ini\ d'rx- l(»iisi()n (In port. La p<)f)ulaliorK luassre sur le parcours, lanet* (Jrs vi\als iVriirliques. M. HillianL presideiil de la C.haiiihrr d<' rout- »urnT» ex[Hiqur (ju ini avanf-porl. dru\ hassiiis rl einci ninlrs vord elfe eonslr'uils. I^e I*resi(b*nl I'riiritc les Ai^rrois de leurs lieu- jeust^s iniliati^rs el hnu' dornie iassiuauee (lue le li(uivernenu*nl i\r la l{epuhli(pie I(mii eu t'aedilrra IVxerutiou. [^0 eoiiej^^e <)ffiriel. sui\afd le houlexard de la |{e|mbli(pir, au milieu des uienies uiauilVslatituis cnlhousiasles, areixe a T Auiiraule. J)evnnt TAniiraute, les fusiliers inarius reudeid les buuneurs. M. MilbM'aful et lous les pers(uuia*j:es (pii rareonipa^nieid sVnihai'(pieiil siu' uue Nf^bdlt* hatl/mt pavilion [)residentiel (d voni aeeosler le Sfrasbaurg. sue le(|U(d l(* Presideid passe la re\ue navah*. l/e(pii[wi|j:r rend b's luanieurs. I^a nuisicpie joue la Marsrillaisc. I^e pavilion presidcMdiel est liisse au jj:rand ujAI. l.e xiee-aniiral Salaiiii. coiu- niandant en ehel* Teseadre de la MT'diteiianee. le viee-amiral ameeieaiu Nihiark. le eonlre-aniind anglai^i sir Hichard Webb, le eonlre-aniiral itali(Mi (lusUivoNii'asIro el les chefs de Tuissioudes aulees naliiuis I'epreseulees nioahMil eg:aleinonl sur le Slrnsboury. Ce brtlinienl, suivi d'autres unil('»s legf*res, passe* sueeessivemcMd, au niili(Hi dc^s fracas des salves (rarlilleri(\ enlre la lirelagne, VUtiih (americain), le Henibow (anglais), le Caio-lhdlio (italien), la Meina'Rcqtnite (es[)agn()l), le Carvalhao-Arnnjo (portugais), (?t des torpilleurs anglais, am^rirains, itadiens. Les grands euirasses el les petiles unites, avee, eonuiH^ decor au fond^ b* pjuioraina uni((ue de la vilh» blanc^ln^ biUie en casc(ul(* sur les coX- lines (pii ceinlunMit la rade, produisenl un eff(»l iiupressionnanl. X(Hif avions escorbqil 1(» navire j)resid(»nU(d. M. Mill(*rainl, deboul sur la pass(M'ell(» de coni- niiUubMnenl, repond aux saluls des niarins. Les e([uipages, rangc'^s le long d(^s liss(\s. pous- senl les cris de : u Vive la llepubli(|ue! » el des liourras. Le Strashoiirg inflecliil sa roule el defile devanl la Fr(nir(\ le l^nrls, l(» Melz, V Hdfjdr-Quuict. b* Jrilleur iUdicMi, neuf torpilleurs franeais el trois sous-inarins d^'filiMil a Cfuilre-bord du Slrnsboury . Le S/r(fsbfHfrg raniene le President a I'Ami- raule. La revue est tiMininee a 17 Inun't^s. L(* presidenl de la Uepublicpie traverse loute la ville (Ml autoniobih^ pour r(»v(Mnr au Palais d'ete. L(vs liabitants nianifesleid encore leur joie (qi ap- plaudissant et (Ml eriant (< Viv(^ Millerand 1 Vive le Pr(''sid(Md I » A rissire d(» la ]'(*vue navalt% le presidiMil tie la lii'inibrnpie a adresse a M. ItaitxM'li. unnistre de la Marin(\ la letlre suivaide ; Mon «ber Minislre. An ciMirs de la n*vue de la force navale reunie dans la splendide rade d Al^ei. jai consiale une fois de plus la belle teinn' des batinienl^ et des eqni|)a«jes places s()n> leconnnan- (lenienl Ni^'onrenx de raniiral Salaiin Je NOUS a(lr«'sse a cetle occ^asion ines pluscbaudes relicila- lions en vous prianl den transuu'ttre rexpression aux aini- ranx. officier> uiariniers et aux e(juipa^M'< .le vous prie (^^^ahMuenl d'etre nion interpK'te an|>res de- connnandants de> forces navale^ elran^'ere> doni la partici- |>alion a r'ebausse I'eclat (!♦» celte diMnon^lralion \ t'uilh'/ ai.M'<'^'i". »'•'■ A Mii.iKi;\Mi M . UailxM'li. uiinistre de la Marine, a lrausnii> (Ml ces ternies au vice-afuiral Salaiin, coininandaid (Mi chef leseadre de la M('*dit(M*ranee, la h^ltre de f('dicitalions du [)r('*sident de la Hep!ihlicpie ; Mon cber auiii'al. J ai riHHineui'de vous transniellre la letlre ^r M. le pH'sident de la Hepublicpie cfi vous |)riant de la porb*i a la connaissance (\i'< etals-fnaji)rs el des ('equipages sons \(>s i personnels poiii le conunanctant en clief lie Ic^cadre. a \IMKKTI Le presid(Md de la li(''[niblique a adn'sse au roi d'Angl(dei*i*e el au roi d'ltalie b*< telegraninte^ suivants : *'4 1 f ii liH - % i ll" ! gi i m i m fmtemir^ i" ■\ l^l 1 BlIl.LF/riN \)\> COMITK DK J/AFIUQUK FKANQATSE N'olro Majcstr rii laisarit salncr Ic pivsidciil dc la Hrpii- hliqiic a son aiMivrr a AI^mt par Ics heaux hatiniciits doni jr \ reus d(» jmssrr la rrvnc a dormc a la Franrt* niic nianiue iioiivcllc d'amilir doiit jc suis sinciTcniriil touchr. J'ai rii L'land plaisir a admirer ccs iiavin's aiiisi (|ii(' la siip(^rbr U'imc dr Inir ^'Cjuipagc; Ics lidis dc miiluclU* syinpalhie (pii imissnd iios ollicicrs v{ iios inariiis iic [iDiirroiil rlrc que lorlifirs [>ar ccllc iiouvrllr rcixwuiln' r{ ri\ rxprimaid a Votrr Majfsle UK'S plus vifs rcrm'rciciiHiils pour sou aiinable p(»usfM». jr La pr'n' d'airrrrr rji^suiiincr dr iiion inallrwd»lo amitir. A. Mll.l.KKA.Nh A Sa Majrsh' \r Viu V.i(lor Ijinuaiiurl 111 An rours dc la rcvniMiavalc epic j<' vicns dr pass<'r vn radc d Al^ei', j'ai Jiduiirr Ics unilrs italicnni's donl Ics Naillanls oflicicrs (d niarins ('nipi>rl(»ronl, j'esprrr. dc Irnr rcnronlrc avec h'ui's camaradrs fraiirais un a^Mvahlc sonvrnir. En rvprinianl a Vcdrc Majostr uics rrnicn'MMncnts Ics plus siu- ( ires |K)ur son aiinablr ponsrr d avoir cuvoyr scs Iwitiments sahu'rrn son noui \v presidenl dc la l{rpnbli(jue franraisc. jc suis hoinvux dc Lui rrnonvclor Trxprcssion d<* uies sen- liincnls dr ronsl^nih* el fidric arnitir. A Mll.l.KUAM*. I.(' iniiiislrc dc \i\ Marino a r}j:al(Mii('iit rrril aiix (•(Mmniiuclairls drs foiccs navalcs rlrangrii^s (|ui onl j)arli('ipe a la roviii* (TAI^cm*. pour Ics pficr do Iransmeltn* aux rdals-majors (d aux r(piipanrrs sous liuirs ordi'os h^s ft'licilations du pivsidoni do la ISrpul)[i(jU(\ M. Millorand I'oslo co sc^ir au Palais d'olo on lo uouvoruour ol M'"*" Slo(*<^^ donuiMd nii ;jrraud hal dans l(^s jardins ilhnninos ot les salons. Lo 20 avril. lo presidonldo la |{rpul)li(pir (piilto a 8 h. 30 lo Palais d'oto pour so immkIpo iVrinslituI Pastour. Lo coiio^^o presidoidiol IraNcrso onsuito l(»s fau- IxKirjis (rAlji:or (lord los hahilaTds \\r luonaironi pas lours osalions a M. Milloraud. l/ai*ino(* d*\fi'i(pio. a\('(* la mllaboiidioii do la I'lollo. offi'o onsuih^ au piosidonl do la l{o|)ul>rK|uo un spoclacio (pu* nullo j)ai'l aillouis il no scM'ail |)os- sihio d'adniii'or. l/ooolo (]{' oa\alorio indi;j:on(* ot los ro^dnionls dc la proniioio l)ri;j:a(le (]r oavaloric^ d'Al^^orio. s|Kdiis (d oliassours d'Afi'iquo, a\('c lo oonoours do I'aNialion. du ^^onio. du ."" ^jroupi' d'cUilo-niilrailleusos. siniulouL uno bataillo sur la pla^i* d'Huss(Mn-l)(\v. Los s[)ahis ol h^s oliassoui's out dohanpu'' dos na\ in*s {\ur Ton a[)oiroil au lar;j:o. Los onnoiuis soni on fuilo. \ ur fantasia oo- lobrc* la n ioloiro dans l(» luniulto dos sahi'os ot dos {^^•^lops fous dos (di(*vaux ouiporb'^s. Mais TadNiM- saii'o alUi(]uo. L'(\sradi'0, oonipos(M' do (piin/t» ,u:i'an- dos uiutos. ovoluo. fail lou do loulos sos [>iocos ooidro ronnond, (pii i'o(:ulo, poui'sui\i \)i\\' sos \ aiiKjuours. Toulos oos oNolulions so [>ioduisoid a\ im' uno prooision j)arfail(\ nial;zro lo dosoi'dro apparoni du chaos d(* la guorro. Lo l^rosidcMil lolioilo lo oolonid Donoiiis (jui a dirijzo la nmu(Ouvi'(\ Lo oorlo^o prosidontiol fail un ^Tand oiiouit dans la l)aidi(nie d'Alger. Lo Prosidont visile on passard I'ocolo d(^ roeduralion dos niutiir's d(» Kouha. L'erolo. ((ui ost lo rontro do r(''<''(luoation |>r(d*o>- i(»nnollo do I AlViquo du Nord. ost oonstiiiilo sur un(^ ondnenoo, dans un hoau jaiulin d'ou \\m do- oouvro loulo la rad(MrAI^(5r. Lo ProsidiMil saluo los inulilos, l(^s veuvos ol les oi'[)h(dins do ^ueirt* {j:roupos dans la oour do Leooh*. L(^ dirorteur, M. (Irand. inulilo, prononee dos })aree (jue la France n"a ote pour rii*n, dans les eveue- luenls ({ui on! rendu ces sacrifices necessaires. Lorsque le '2 aout V.M4, la France loul enliere s'est levee ]K)ur eourir a la frontiere, elle savail que, depui> cincjuanie ans, depuis (|U(» lui avaiiMil etc arrachees par un odieux ahus de la force les |)r'o\ inces cileries (jui faisaient parlie de sa chair el de son ^an<.^ elle n'avail pas fait un <.'este, (die uiivail pas eu unc pen^re (jui put nieriei" a la guerre. La ginMTc lui a rU- iinpos('n', mais le jour on elle a du se lever pour y laire face, (die a pr('l('' le sernienl de lenir jus- (|u an hofit, c'esl-a-dire jusquau jour on Finjustice aurait (dc rc|>nn''e, le droit veng('', les Fran(;ais violemrnent enlev(''s de la nuM-e patrie rendns h c(dte patrie. Ce serment a ('de tenu, le hut atteinl. Et vous, jennes gens qui m'iM-outez (d (|ui, deniain entrere/ dans la vie, rap[>ele/-vous ee que veiilent din^ ces |)la(jues : (dies signifient que si vous ('des c<»ninie nous aninies de Fesprit de paix (d du droit, si vous e^liine/. (pie la gU(M-re est une (hose ('pouvantahle, horrihle. il y a (piel(|ue (diose (pii serait plus ('pouvantahle et plus liorriiile. ce seniit d'accephM', le front haisse, Fhuniiliation el de lie pas elre en niesure, le jour venu, conune Font fait \()>aiae< de 1914 jusquCn F.MS, d(» faire respecter le droit (d d'as^nrer le triornplie de la civilisation. Vous le ferie/ conune eux. {joursuit \F MilhTond/ si la de>lin(''e le voulait. Mais je suis tran(juille, je suis sur que I aUiliide de la France est pacifique, mais ferme dai\s S4's de^r(^me, as prouve iiiieux le rospectqui animo la i)olitiqiH^ dr la Kranco h Trgard des indi^^rm^s. politique dns- soeiation, (ruuion 6troil(\ » Sans sortir des bAtinieiils ([ui oid uiie eleiidue considerable, le President s(^ n»nd a la mosquec* iiu centre de lacjuelle sont groupes les r(q)resen- lants du culti' et les fideh^s. Ben Siam. president d(^ la coufrerie, souhaite la hienvejiue au Pr6sid(Mit. affirmant I'allaelu^nKMit lies populaticms h la FraIKM^ II l(* fait (Ml e(»s tei'int^s : Qiril mc soil a iiion lour pcrinis. Monsicnir h» Pivsidcnl, (1 rlcvci* jusqira vous Tadrcssr n's|MM'lii('iiso dc la plus hni- rcuso hicnvcnuc. L\\fii(|U(' (lu Nonl loul rulirro, dc I'Ocrau jus(ju'au\ Syrlcs, vibrc ol ndculil i\r<> acclamarKMis cullionsiaslcs (juc laucrnt sur V(dn' passa^u' les jjopulatious accourucs pour salurr opularh)ns aiabos quil UI Csl douuo i\r ropivsoutor. cos populalious nl jc suis Tin- lor|>rolo pour vous douiior I assurauco {\r lour dcvouomonl (d iU' lour affo( liou saus liiuilrs pour noIio Iim's haulo por- ^nuno ol |M)ur la Krauoo. (aw \i'< Arahos (rAl^'irio. Mousiour lo l*rosidoul, foni plus (juo vous nMidro honiuia;;»' : ils a- >au<'o (|u'ilsoul pour lo iioldo (d ^^'urroux pavs (pii ou con- duisanl ioi sos armos id srs di-ipoaux, a xoulu id su y apporlor aussi sou lihoralisiuo. sou r(piil<', son I'cspoid dfs luo'urs ol i\r< croyauoos d'aulrui, (d (pii, par sa douceur (d -ou souoi iU' los oloxcr saus rosso, a fail, i\r rvs >ujtds d'uu -au^' difforoid. los fits d'uiio uiouio palrio. Ku vorilo. la Frauco (|U0 vous iucaiia/ doNaid nou>. Mou>irur \r IM'osidoul i\r la nopulili(iin', osl n(div |wttii('. Si lo uioindro doulo jKJUvait suhsisloi- a vr\ oL'ard, Irs rvrur- luouls rousidrraldrs do ros d(M'uirrrs auurrs lOul inauifosh' do la plus ovidoido niauior(\ Dos (fu'ils ounMd coniju-is lo poril quorourail uolro nioro d'adopliou. la Kranrr uirti'0[K> lilaiuo ou ils n'avaioul ro|H'iidaul jniuais rU'\ nos liounurs so souTlrvrs du fond iU'^ douars ot \\< sont vriuis sr pi'ossrr <<)us los dra[>raux li'ioolorrs. (d ils onl dormr sans rouiptri' lour san^^ j»oui" la dofonso aidiarurr du xd (\v la patrir. Voiri la jwnx rrvoinu', Mousiour Ir Prrsidout (Ir la Hopu- Idicpio, ol (h'ja nous savons (pir vou^ la voulr/ (d la faiirs aussi ^dorirusr (juo los ainn'os sun''r (Jiir uir^ laildrs paroirs puissoni vous auirnor a prnsrr (jur Irs Arahrs d'Al^^^'rir nr failliroul ]>as a la tailir roiuuiunr {\r lahrurrt i\v hon vou- loir. L'iouvi'r ;:rnrrru>r i\(' la Fi'anrr. idlrnlivc a lous nos Ix^soins uioraux (d niabdiids. rinstrurlion (ju'(dlr nous douuo dans srs rrolrs (d dans srs I'nix crsilrs, sa ixddrssr (d sou lihrrnlismr a nous adiuidtrr au |)lus intiuir i\v son srin, proiiuiroul roniuir par Ir [uassr Irurs fruils, qnr nous nous rfforoorous (duapio jour {\r rrndrr |»lus hraux, v\i nippro- (diant saus rosso noiro anio i\r rrllr iU' nos lirrrs Irancais, ru domouraul, dans los o[)0(|urs a vruir. Irs fils drvours jusqu'au sarrifirr, s'il Ir I'aul rnrorr. dunr patrir (|ur nous airuon< a VrpiA d'unr nirrr Vi\r la Franrr' Vi\r lAlLM-iir' \\\r la |{ri)ul)liqur ! Cost ail t(»ur d<' lYMnir Khaled. potil-fils d Ahd ol l\ad(M\ oonsoillor imiiiioipjil. consiMlior iri'-nei'al (d (h'^loj^no fiiianoi(M'. don! on oonnait lo mlo joik' oil (M'< (lormorcs aniH'es on \lir<'rio a la lolo du paili nationaliste niusulnuni. Nous pnblions en enlier son discours dont le Jtmrnaf offinrl n'a donne (pi'un cxlrail : Mousiour lo ProsidcMd do la Hopuhlicjuo, Porm(dlo/-m()i, i'w ma qualilo (l(* roprosrnlaul olu do la populalion niusulmauo au Cousoil inuujripal, au Cousril gonoral (d aux dolo^alions fiuaucioros, (l(* vous adrossor iios souhails n^spooluoux dc^ hiouvonia*. Daus la lou^uc^ (d allontivo visit(» dont vous vouloy, hiou honoi*er TAfrique du Nonl, rAl^ori(» n(» poul avoir, pour NOUS rorovoir, cpir dos mols kKk" poooniuiissanoo (d d(* haul iiilorol quo vous nous louioi- ^zno/ (d ponn* Tosporauoc* (ju'oilo fait uaitn^ dans iios o(ru rs. A la voillo dii ooidouairo iW roooupalioii fran^aiso, ((dlo haulo maiHjuo kW l»ionv(»illanoo pout-cdlo avoir d'auln^ but (pu' Ak^ pro(daiuor Imulomonl (|U(* Irs hjibilauls do TAIgorio. saus disliu(dion do ooufossiou (d rrmottro sXi^ prondrr dofiuitiv(Mnont ran«^' dans la «rrando famillo I'ran- raisr. (Irur sont pas los (|uol<|Uos ri'srrvrs ou rostri(dions noors- sitoos |>ar lour statui porsouucd ([ui pourraiont m(dtrr obsta(dr a Irur dofinilivo adoption (d vous biiro hosibM-. Lour loyalismo n'a oonnu ni ivsorvo ni brsitation lorsquo. a riMMiro du danger, ils out oombatlu [)our la drbMiso \\\\ droit (d iW la liborto. soulouus pai* la plus grande Franco C.o n'rst pas lo simple fait du liasard quo. sui\anl la noble tradition b*guee par lemir Alxbdkadrr, ils (ud, drpuis la oon(|urtr, obsrrvr ndigiousriurnl la jwiroir domo'o a la Franrr (d Ir srrmrnl prrlr. Do tons les pouples, lo peu|do IVaurais. par sa frlorieuse histoii'o (d son genie, est cidui avoc leipnd ils peuvoiit le mieux s'ordondi'o s()riati(Hi drs inteFvls rt drs idrrs Old rrr«'' drs Urns pui-'Sanl<. (|u'il -rrail iinpossiblr dc roinprr. Un sir<'lr kW \ ir romuuinr fail (pir nous nr pouxons phi- nous passrr dr la Franrr. iW son gouvrinrnirid orgauisr. kW la paix (pi il proourr. drs possibilitrs ib' (b''Nrlopp(Murnl (piil (dl'rr aux birultrs kW rindividu. kV' sa birnv cjllanrr nalundlr. (Mifin ! Or. si Ir librr jru ^V' ^('> instil iilions [MTUKd a ^es propter onfants lo |)loin oj)anouissoment do lours moyens, nous sou- haitonsqull en soil bienbM do memo |)our nos onfants adop lifs. dont les iidenlions les m<'illeures >ont. parb)is inal inler|)retees ou incomprisos. La tA(die de collaboration enliore avoc vous (jui rrsir a arromplii" nr j)rut otrr monee a bien que par (W> bomme> o(dair(''s ol mandates par nous. (Test pouitjuoi avrr la drfrrrnro (d Ir i*rs[>r(d dus a FhiHr illusti'r qur vous rtrs, nous vrnons sollicitrr uno rrpreseii- lalion musulmane au Parlomrnl franrais. Srulr, (dlt^ srrait oajwibb^ iV' |M)rtrr a la Mrr^-Patrio. rexpression d(» notn^ iud(de(diblo atta(diemenl (d de s(NdbT ranneau k\v notro iV'<- linrr a la longiie tradiliofi de gloire qui plaro la Fninrr, dans Ir moudr, a la Irto \.W la rivilisaliou (d du progro Nous a vous merite rid bonnour (d olio ronsidorora sans doulr qu'(dlo so doil a (dlr-mem(Ml(* nous Farrordrr. I);ms FAIp'rir musuhnano. il j)out si* ronoontror dos grns arrien''<. des (^sprits inrnlt(^>, il nr sr prnrontro pas un srul antifranrais. C'rsl |)our(|uoi. lo\alonient, nos uiain> rl no- (mimii's >r Irndrnl vers la Franrr. Nous nous drmandon- iV^ nr pas Irs i*r|KMissrr. dr mrmr qur nous vous prions. Mon>iriir Ir Pro>idonl do la Ropubliijuo. aiusi qur los pei'sonnalitrs eini- nentes cpii vous arrompagnrnt, dr birn voiiloir \ousfairr Ir- intrr[)rrtr< {\{' nos aspiration^ ot, Ir ra- ('rhiMiil dt \'Mi- — i:;i \ i ■II I , i nf. jfc Mi i 'ii mi M i i ll-'swr-.-air iiiHiiaiiBmi BULLETIN DU COMITE DE L ArRIQUE FRANgAlSE M, I IJ-,; ::^ '■ ! J I |K>rl;Or gai'MiiU puur nous. Nous suniiiHm c^^rlains anee ifiettait en enx. lis avaient le droit de rappelerque pendant la grande guerre, les fits des indigenes so soiit fait tuor oomrae les fils dt* oolons pour la defense d(* la Fran('(» et do la eivilisation. La Franco ne Fa pas oublie ot,(los 11M9, h peine la guerre termin^o, le Parle- rnont de la lU'pabliquo a votc^ un<' loi considerable qui n'a pas ^Je sans reiiconlror en Algf'Tie de vivos oppositions. Ell(* a mis surle [ded de complete 6galitc dans les conseils muiii- cipaux, dans les oonsoils generaux, dans les deK'gations finanoieres, los rc[)r*^seutants i\r< indigeiM^s et los rcpreson- lants des Ft^iiQais tniropeons. « V^ous dcinandez pins et pour nous vous avez [joso la (piestion avoc utdtete. Jo vous n^mercio de me pormettre cW* lY'pondre avec la m^m(» nettetf'v Je crois qu1l n'y aurait rien our nous, (jue d'aller Irop vito dans la voie on nous nous sommes » Ml gages (*t oiJ lions no nous arrotorons pas. Don nor au\ inusulraans (Us n»prcseniants directs nu Parlement, telb* est voire demandc. u Je ne doiito pas qu'uu jour nc vionnc on les droits [Mtli- I iques df^'jfi considerables d(»s indigenes soient augmentes encore. Vous Ates un esprit Irop fin, trop aviso, tropaverii d(»s roalites, pour no pas vous rendre compte que lo p(^ril lo plus grand pour les indigenes comme pour nous serait colul oil nou< nous o.\:[><)scrions si, voulaid allor trop vito, nous ♦'•lions coot mints do rovenir en arriero Voila pourquoi je (M'ois pnident d'attiMidro que la loi de l'.M9 ait (teveloppe ses (•ous6quencos, qii(* la population (l(»s colons liis ofi plus dr lour importance (^t dc leur ♦Heiiduo. • Aussi. jc suis convaincu (juc forts des avantagos iegi- I imos qu'ils oid (niy)le alg^rols acclame el applaiulit tres ehalen- I'cuseinent le (*hof de I'Fltal M. Milleraud d6jeune dan» I intimity avec sa fauiille, au hdais dele, oh il i^este h travaiUor eel apr(^s-midi. M. Millerand a echang^ des endeaux avec l(*s ugha el baelia;j;ha. MM. Uaoul Perel, president de la (^hanibre des deputes; Le Trocijuer, nainistre des Travaux publics; Lt'on B6rard, rami%tre de riastraotion publique: MM. L6mery, Morand, s6iiateurs; Har6ly, l{egaud,l)enise,(I6puti§s,(|ui s'embarquent sur le Marrrhal'Jiugeaud, ont pris rong6 du Pnv sident de la Ilepublique. M. Millerand travaille rapres-niidi sur les depocbes el les documents qui lui ont et(^ appor- tes |)ar la valise. Le President de la Ilepublique a adresse une lettre de f(^licitations au g6n^ral Paulinier, coni- uiandant le 19® coips d'aeniee, pour la brillanle fantasia execulee par la cavalerie d'Alg^rie sur h* terrain d'Hussein-IJev. A[)res avoir dhn'^ dans rinliniil/', le President de la ilepubliqiu^ quilte le Palais dele a 21 II 1^0, pour s(» rendre a la frare. Le d^partement d Alger. Lo eorb'^go emj)runte le nu^nie piucours que le jour de Tarnvc^e. Les Algerois se montrent tout h fait enthousiastes dans leurs d(^monstralions. Les edifices, notaniment ^H(^tel de la Poste, soid brillainment illumines. Les navires de guerre inomlenf lescollines de leurs faisceaux eleotriques. Le train presidentiel quille Alger ?i 22 lieures. Lo 21 avril, avanl d'arriver a Tizi-Ouzou, le train presidentiel s'arr^te quelques instantn au jx^tit village dit Cami>-du-Mar<}/^.haL ou la popula- tion, malgi^ Theure matinale, est venue au com- plel saluiM- le President. Ui population offre cette pari ieula rite (ju'elle est presque enliferemcut origi- naire d'Alsnre, etant venue aprl»s 1871. [>oui' ne pas subir lo joug de Tenvabisseur. Des jeunes fillos porlaul lacoiffe alsacienne aux grands rulwins offieni des flours au President; Tune d'elles pro- nonce un petit compliment, auquel M. Millerand irpond (»n ([lU'lqiu^s mots, non sans emotion. Les babitants crienl : <. Vive la France! Vive TAlsace- Lorraine! » pt^ndant que le train reprend sa marcho vers Ti/i-(hizou, on il arrive a 8 heures precises. M.VI. Millerand. Ruiberti. Choron. Steeg. les sonatoui'S ot dopulos, les autorites prenneni aus- silot place dans des automobiles. La population acclami* b* President. Place (le rEglis(\ lo :i' rrgimiMil de liiailU'urs algoriens rorul les bonnours. Tons les elus el fonclionnairos soul groufios. ainsi cpu* de nom- breux colons indigoncvs. Lo mairo souhaib' la bienvenue a M. Millerand (d rappelle (jue rAllomagn(\ qui avail suscit^'' Tin- surrection de 1871. s'est lourdement tromp('»e en comptant j)r()vo(pior un** ivvolto lors de la der- niero guerre. Au conlraire. les Kabyles sonl parmi ceux qui firent leur devoir. .M. Millerand s'associi' h cot hommage. constatani que la Franco a su faire In oompuMe dos o(eiirs. Cos paroles soul ~ \:\i — : »iBw n p n» »jfc». \ivenient applaudies. Lv roviv^v repart ii H li. 30, au rhiliM des cri^; de : « Viv(^ xMillerand ! Vivr la Finance ! >> DepuiR la valloc dn Si^haou, d'oii |>arlriil los (lutoniohilos du corlvfj^^* president iol. jus(|u'hux liauleurs dr Fort-National, los indij^^'^nes soul frroup^^s en d(* iiomhroiix points du ])arcours pour saluer l(* rhof d(» TEtat. Ct* soul de solides iiioiita- ;^mards aux fi^^un^s hronzoes, (Vlairwsd'un soiu'ire {[\u drcouvro une (tontition suporbe. Los onfaats, Uvs noml)r(4ix, foal pr(*uvo (Vun(* giaiulo jzailr dans lours arrlamatious aux cris do : a Vivi^ la Franco I » An lournanl dc^ la rouhs a 10 kilomotros avaal darrivor a Fort-National, lo Pivsidont saluo la slolo olovoo a la inonioin* dos soldats iVanoais aiorts on Kabvli(\ Lo paysage osl. an-us (1(* In route, vorligi- iH^usomont aoridonir: a 600 iiiMros d(* profoji- dour, pn'sqoe h see, 1(» Sohaou sse tortille dans la plaiiio. Los hautours couvortos (hi Djurdjuni soni- f)lonl toutos paroillos el ])nK'hos. La ronto siM'fxMito enoori^ p^)ur arriver a Foil- National, citadello bAtio f^ 1,000 niotn^s d'alliludcv a i)roxiniit('» (Funo p(di1(» agglomeration de r|uol(|!i(*s oentain(*s do Franoais. (^(nrv-oi font fol(* au l^vsi- dent do la Ho])ul)liquo. La roiilo niontv et toiinn* onropp pendant 12 kilouiolros n^wtossus d(» ravins a pie. (torit (]uol(juos-uiis oid plus de t,000 laoli'os. Toutos les voituios arrivont a Mi<'h(det, village habile snrtout ])ar dos fonotionnaires qui Jidniinis- Iront la region. Lh President, a qui ils sonl piv- ^eidos pai' lo prolol. los felioile di* hnn* (Oiivrc. Lo dojeuncM' est soi'vi sur uae torrassi^ doii Ton doeouvpo lo panorama du Djiirdjurn. Apros ufu* lu^uro do roj)()s le cortogo prrsidenliol ropnri [lour Hougio. lNMid(ud t.'i kiloniMrc^s. \v coit^'^gr prosidtMiliol siiit la inoaui ronle (\ui\ I ;iHoniofds (FAIger (^l de (A)nstautin(\ nn an* (k» trioni|>lio doeoro dune (|uin/ain(^ de sno- gliors lues par oux In voilh^ ot \v jour m('^mt\ Lo rorlog(\ ponrsuiNanI sn route, franehil Ic^s gorges d(* Talinntz-Tiglialt el d'fglior-Ziolaon. [niis il arriN'(» dans la \alleo lies eneaissee (|iie surplomb(Mil des nionlagm^s boisi^os d(* 1.000 i\ 2.000 molios. Apit^s (juatro heures dun parc^ours alposli'e di^ phis do too kilenieln^s. le (^oi'li^go j)ar\ ierd a Hou- gio pai' Fl Kseur ol la [{ounioii. \ illago fomle \u\v dos Alsaei(*ns-Lorrains on 1871. L(*s odifio(^s puhlies (d les niaisons |)ai'lirulieres Old iveu uno d(V*oration de feuillag(^s ol de dra- ()oaux. Toub* la ]>opnlalinn ^o lien! aux foncMri^s ol sur l(^s trotloirs ; olio Modannv viviMiiont le Pivsidiud (If* la R('»publique. Le rorl^go va diriMd(MU(Mit i\ \i\ Sous-F^efeetuiT. (Ml il est salu('^ \)i\v MM. Tlionison (d Moriciand. (Iepnl('*s : \\'^ ('dn^. les nntoril(''N ol Ic^v fcnidiiui- | nain^s sonl prononlt^s par le l*rafel au IVoHidenl. M. Milleriand s^ n^powe dens les apjwtrtemenls (pii lui soat r('^S(M'v6s jusqu'a 20 heufef^. L(» Prosid(Md de la K6publiquo assiste b rH6lol d(* Villo h mi grand diner offort (»n son honneur. M. Mill(»rand a. h s(»s oAtos, MM. It* D' Gerard. iuair(* de Bougie; (4hf*ion, ministro de FAgrieul- lun^: Uaiheiii, ministn* d(* la Marino ; Steeg, gou- v(»rn(Mir gen('ral (U' FAlg^rie. et los menabres do ParNunent . A FlKHU^e des toasts, le main* exprinu^la joie do ses ooneitovons qui. depuis M. Jules Grr^VN . n'avai(Md pas 6t(* homnvs de la visile du obef de FFUit. M. (ie'rard prcHoniso uno politique d'uuion saon'o pour i-endr(^ h la Frauoo toute sa i)rosp6rito (N'onomiqiHv C'(»st a ('('tie coiulilion, dit-il. que la Fraine sera maitn'ssr {\o la paix ('<»mme('lle In ete de la guerre. L(» oaTd (Jurnd)ah. d('l(''gue finaiu*ior indigene, apporte <\u l^rosidiuil do la H('q)uhli([ue rhommage des popidalions (pi'il r(q)r(»s(»ide. el so fait leur inl(M'|)rfde pour nunorolor la Frauoo de los avoir irnli(M's mix: iru'dhodos do [)rogr('^s. II dit (juo la Franco piHit eonipt(M* sur leur ooUa- horation dans la paix (N)ninio (die la euo sans r('*sorvo peudaid la gu(Ti'(\ M. lAittoli. si'nateur, dil a M. Millerand que ses eonoiloyens ganhMont de ee voyag(^ uno n^coiuiais- sano(» ehlhousin^lo. L'AI^'rric. dil il. rsl ponf la Frnnrc l.i plus helle moisson <|tr('I!«' nil h\\\v . ♦M. MiJIerand improvise li* diseours suivanl qut^ l(» JniimnJ nffirtel n'a pas roproduit on en tier el (pii est Tun (l(^s plus utiles qnil ail pn^nonec'^s : \!es>iiMn*s. .le NOUS (Ifuii.iiidc (ra^socirf la Franco ciilir'rr a rhomma^o ([uc M le ninirt' (le lioii^'ic rl le caid Al);l«'ifalnu;m Ou llahii niil rendu loul a riirmi' ;ni\ heros al':(''rii.'n> franrais (d iiidi- ^^Mirs (jiii. (le 1 IM f a I'.MR. oid coiii'i] an seeoiirs do la mero- palric v\ >nid l<)iidM'> lad»as. loin du pays du soloil, pour sauvcr* la rraiirc iW devoir pioux accompli, jo (ItMiiandc a M. lo niairo iU' rr|K)udi'c a I'appol fju'il ui'a loul a Tlicurc adrosso. II a do- iiiaudr lua ('(dlahoralion pour les ihlrrcis ccouoniiquos algo- ricns cl en jjarMicnrK^r pour cenx do eelle jolie ville qu'il admihi>lre. doni il a. avec inie piele terscnlo rn[)p(d(^ lo glo- r'ioux passe (d jM)ur laipielle il \eut uu avenir qui soil dign<' de son pas<4' •le F^epcHiiU \\ eel appel. Si je >uis ioi. c'esl preeisemoid p(Mir pouvoir. en C()nn{ii>«e. apporler mon mo- ileste cfuicours a I'leuvro aduiiralde (pii sacoomplit icl. CoUe jouruee \n\\ apporte hien des documeid< et l)ion dos impro^- si()n> nlilcs Aueunde nnus. j'en >uis sCir. n'oublieni les paysa^M'> Uinjour> •zi'aiidiose< «d d'licats quo nous a\(Mi> a(hnire> Au |M)inl de \ ue impressions eeouomiquos. eommofd. en Iraversanl ce pays jjarloiil culliNe. ;nd eef!<' iu)- monso f(M'ol cjiio nes puisseid apportor a rAlg(''rlo v\ par cons<'''qiJ(Md ii la Franct" lont ee que Tune td I'anln^ on attondont f Impressions d'liumanite ! J ai etc pour ma part et M. loGon- vorneur general , qui ('dait nssis a c6to de raoi, partageait oes iinpn'. \ ivenieni frappo de ees groupf^tnents si nom • i*env d iiid it£«'ne^. d enfant^ (pn- nou-- axon-- renconlr«'< de 1 - \\\:\ - ■ m»iiin-'iii»— «— BULLETIN DU COMITK DE L'AFHrQUE FRANQAISE place I'll placr (liiiis hoirr iaii(loiiii«'('. ccs cnfaiits a lalliirr >l uleric, jiu \isa^i' si rvrillc, (praccomi^a^aiaicnt parfoi^ ([uelqurs iiislitiilcuis oa iuslilalriccs Jraiirais, il laal. corarao i(* (Icrnaiidait Ion I a riicarc M. Ic caid AlMlciialimiiw Ou Hal)a, il I'aul (|iie nous fassions [)onr riix U)ut cc (jui |k'ii1 el doll rtrr tail dans Iciir iiilrivl el dans le niMre Eh l)ieiil a la lin de <'('lte journee. apres axoii' reimi ns inipressiuns. apres avoir eiilendu les diseonrs (|ue voiis \< ne/ de prononeerel (jni nc'laienl [las seiileineiil de< dise(Mirs dans le sens dii niol, innis, si j'ose dire, des acles, (jiielles eoneliisionis, pour nia pari, en lirerai-je !* II me >einhle crabord ijirau poini de vne de eel admiialile pays, il esl dune ini(K)rlaiice evidenle de le I'aii'e einiqiie join inienx eonnailre. Lv loui'isme n'esi pas seuleuienl ini<' tlislraelioii, e'esi nne ln'aiielie iniporlanle li'avanx pnblies. anxcpiels je fais allnsion. l'onr(pn)i ne [wis donnr r a TAI^'erie une lil)ei-|('' jdus «:i'aade '! Poni'Cjnoi nv pas raffi'anchii* de Ion les les loinialilt's (jui pit'- cisrrneid, jwiree (ju'elles s aecomplisseid de Tanlre cole (»nl nt'cessairenn'ol j)lns loii^nes el [Jus lenles, nial^M'e la honne \t>l()nle des adminislralions iiiler('>- >re< '! Kn r«''>nun'. |>our([U(>i ne |>a> [u'l'melh'e a lAlLM^rie. ^ous sa re>[»onsal»ililr iwa- >i'^ I'essonrees. de faire ellc ineine le< Iraxanx nlile> .' QnanI an\ indi,L^rne<. nou^ na\«Mi>([ira eonlinncr. a(>ii< o'avons (jua [aire loot ee ija il d(''[KMi(l de nons [M>nr. dan> leiii' iiderel eonnne dans Ir n«>lre. Ie< eleNcr .Nons n'a\()ii> (jna aidei' a lenr- ('dnealion [lar les mailres que n(Mi< met Innisa leni* di>[t()>ilion rl ans>i surloni [>ai- enx-niemes. NOn^ axons etnnnnMier', ii \ a hien hniL'Icinps. (le[aii> (jne la Ki'anee (•>erai dcmenli [»ar pcr- -«(nnn\ ^i je di^ (jvn' Ic^ i iidi,irein'> onl \n. .in Inr rl a inesnre ([ne la eoloni^alion liaiicai-r sin>lallail. ^e loi'liliail. s"a- -exail |)hi^ -nrenirid. leur >iliialinna lon> le> |»niiil> de \ ur, inlelleelnel el nnnal. iziandi r el sanndicnci'. Nmis enlenddo^ eonlinneF" dans le menn' >eii> <*n les faisant enx-inenn's jnu'i'^ des relard> (|ne errlain^ pivlendent eti'<' a[>|Kn'h''S a ([in'h[ne> rcl'orines. (le< (hdais. nons [xMi^ons ([nils >()nl [iianlenls el iice('s>aires, [(aree ([ne, je lai dil el je le rt'pete. il y ain'ail (|nel([ne eho>e de |>is ([no ne pas aller \ile : ee seraiL en a! lani trop vile, de (h'eliai iiei* dc-^ i"(''irre^^ion^ red(nilaldt'v, (lont mil ne [irnl nn'^nrer la L'raxih' N'oih'i, m('< ([neh[ii('>-nnes des oji^eixalinns ([nc jai l;»ile< an eonis de eelte jomiK'e (d je m «v\en^e a ia l"oi< (\i' Irni' earaeter'e nn [ten ^'('la'Tal. II nn' semhie neainnoins (|u'il \ .( nn certain nondn'e de directixcs snr lesfjiiollc^, >i noii> .-(•nmh'> daccord. non> dcNons I'air'c IronI |»onr eonlinner nntrc (cnvi'e .le snis \cnn iei. nn)nsiein- le inaii'e, [>onr jK)nvoir. lors([n(' ccilaine> de ees ([neslioiis qai se [losenl a |>r()|nts de voire hcan [»a\< s<)Hi(^ileront nne s(dnlion de< pon\(>ii'> [uddics. I.iii'c entendre men mol. |>arce ([n(* dahord jc sons anrai entcndn el paree ([ne an^-^i j'an?ai \ n snr place Ic^ liojnine^ r I !»'>- ( ho>c^ . I'ciinelte/ i||(>i. nii'^-icnis, d ajenler ([ne ee nC^I |)as >eu lenient an Pi'c^idenl de la |{e|>nhi(]ne ([ue j iii |>en-e en fai- -aiit ( r pelcrinaue .hai crii. en enlreprenard ce \oya«je eire utile a TAI^u'rie. Nos ;idver>aire-. iio^ amis mi'^'mes, ne saveni [wis a (die la e(m- nail moins (piddle ne laime. Je vondrais an^si ([ue nH)n voya-e puisse servir, «rra(M» anx r('[)(M'enssions ([ne la [>re<>e |M)I lern clans lonles les frae- lions de ro[)inion |nddi([ne. doe('a"il e>ulai:nes eiu (d des \W\\\ \<\\\^>vi. L(* \ lai speclaole esl dofuie au INosidoid el a ses iuvih's dans les i::or*ios i\\\ (]lia- hel-ol-Akra. T Adrar SineMal a droile ol le Takou(di a ^aiielH\ doid les rimes se dressent a 1 .800 uieli'c^s au-dessus de la roule. Liu' iiiscripliou iudi(pie (pie C(dl(^-oi a ('!('» eouslrufto de 18H'{ a INTO, lailh'e a uienio lo ro(\ |)assaul sous des pouls les »j:oul'lVes au fond des(pnds houillouue le loireul. Lo .Pi'(''sideul s'anelo tui instant au villajze de Iverrala. a la sorlie dos ;«^or^es. Les hahitauts (d h^s loui'isles rrienl : << Vi\(' AlilhMaud I N'ivc* la Fi'iuire I >> Le roiie;j:e prosidoiitiel suit une I'oule sinueuse. au flaiie des rolliuos sans aihivs, lautot uiontanl, taidot desriualaiil <{ alteignani an rol d(^ Tenient-(d-Tiu une altitude do plus de 1.100 ui. Avanl (Teutrer daus Si'dif, le President de la Kejaibliipn' visiU^ Tune des phis ^^'audc^s exj)l(>i- tations a;j:i'irolos d<* la repi(Hi. dirijree par \\\\ Fraiirais, eonseiller general ', [{EJSSEIGNKMEN'I'S COLONIAUX • r n lujul nomljiv dr ht'le.s a corries. Liic collalioii roniposrc i\v (Tf^inc fraiclir, dr fniis<'s, dc ccrisrs. i\v lail rt (Ir ;4aleaii\, csl s(M'vi(^ an rind' dc IKtal. (|ui r(^j)ai'l riisnilc pouj* Srlif ou il arrive a ]2 h. :]0. La villo, dt'('on>lru('li()ii loul a fail rranraisr. esl brillaiiinieni [)av(>ise(», loiiles^ les aiaisons «unl rdifiees le Ioii^j: dune lMn«in(* avriiiK^ qui ahoulit a la \)\'drr .Natioiiaic. I)e\aiit la inairic ir Pr('»sid<'jil (!«' la U(''|Md)lique iii(d |)ied a 1 red()id)lenl lorsqiiapres avoii' passe la revue des tirailleurs i\m ])res(Mdenl les arnies el decore deux eaicis, le INr^sideid faila pied lelour di^ la place. Desjeunc^s lilies lui reuiclleni des ^(M'hes de fleurs. Le Pre- sideid les end)i'ass(\ .M . MilleiNiud assish' ensuih* a uii ;^rand dejeu- ner (pii lui (\sl offer! par lu iiRJiiicipalih' a la inairie. A I heure d(*s toasis, leniaire d(» Siinnr duns tonic associiilioii. il |hmiI sc pro- (luire (ies frictions, mais <*etto association se (lcvelo[»pe et produit (leja des resultats considerables. Ellc doit, pour (lonnertoiit son cffet, etre baser sur bi confiancc^ mutuelle. Comment les colons n auraient-ils pas ronfiance dans b's indigenes cpii ont hielc leur sang au Icur, de 1914 a 1918. cl comment, a Icnr tour, les indigenes n'auraient-ils pas cu confiance sans reserve dans les colons f Ha n'oublient pas. ils ne peuvent pas oublier quale passe est I histoire desprogres qu'ils ont accomplis sous Tegide de la France. En 1919, la France fit un pas decisif en mottant b*s indigenes sur h' raeme pied que les colons dans les assemblies locales. Que flantrcs propres doivent siiivre (M'liii-lH. cc nc^l pa^ don- IciiN ; i[> sonl incN ilablcs. lis \iciidi-oiil cu Iciianl (JMiipIr dun liiclcur* indispcusabh^ a toule (euvrc buuiaine qui s'appcHb* Ic Icrnps l.a France a marque son ^(^nie de deux Irails caraclcrislitpies : clle esl a la \6\h profoudemeni idea- lisle cl proloudcMicnl realisle ; elle a es sacF'ifices ni son sung f»our" atbMudrc U' bul yirclle a dcvanl elle. (Idle nation idcalisic csl ca uicuic tciu(>s protege^' {)ar le bou sens le plus solidc d \r plus fin contrc les exagerations ipii ris(|ueraient, pour vouloir allcindi'c I ideal Irop vile, de le I'aire n'toinlx'r plus bas. » , C/csl ce (jui biittiiian lendeinaiu dc la guerre, j'ai le droit dr Ic dire sans lorrantcrie, f^ans jadauce, ear e'est un fait que le uionde eulicr a constate, de loutes les nations, la France est la jueniiere (jui se^snit luoraleincMit reprise et (]ui ail luoutrc le plus de calme, le plus de tranquillite, dans cdle reprise de la vie quolidicnue. Os preoccupations idenlistes. ce bou sens, sont lesqualiles de la rac(» l'rancais(\ ici coiunie parbuit, el voila poui^iuoi, je I'ai dil aux indi- genes (jui deja, avec leur I'inesse babituelle, out pu s'eu (ipercevoir, ils n oul rieu a craindre, la France cunlinuera Fo'iivre ideale quVlle a coinniencee ici. (^.etl<* ur M. Maglioli, niaire d(^ Batna. l.e President |)asse en r(*vu(^ l(»s spahis f|ui immi- dent les honntMirs. \a' presideid de la Uepuhrnpie, l(»s personnag(^s (pii racc()m[)agnenl se rendenl, au milieu (Fun gram! concours de |)opulalion. a la niairic" on out lieu les receptions officielles. Les cris (le « Vive Millerand I Vive la France! » sonl Ires nourris (d lenioigrhMd de renthousijisnie joy(MJx d(* la population. I.e C(U'le*:e presidiMdiel |)ai't u !l hemes poui* Lanibessa, celehre coinnu* lieu de deportation d(*s repnblieains apres le coup d'Klat de 18^2. Le |)resident de la Kepublicpie d(»scend de \oi- lun^ pour visiliM' ia cidlule d(» Banc, (lelloci, tres etroile, n'a pas d'autre ouvertuiv (]u<' la porte. Linscription suivaut<* : « Dans cetlr cellule a etc retenu en 18o(i Artliur Banc, ecrivain (d honune politique francais, de[)orle h Lanit)ese a cause de ses opinions republieaines el coninK* complice de B(dleniare. accuse d'attenlat conlre I imperatricc* ». rappelle ia (*aptivit('' du depute de Paris, ami de Gambetta. Apres ce salut a Tun des fondatc^urs de la troi- siemi* Bepublique, le president d(* la Bepublique renionte en automobile. Voici les mines imposanlesde la villedeThamu- jzadi. aujourd'hui Timgad. MM. Ciodet, inspecteur d«^s fouilU*s, et Balln, chef du Ser\ice archeolo;^dque, preunent la t(^te He / - 133 — hULLETlN nU OOMITE Dfe LAJ'BlQUi!! FllA>^gAlSi>. 111 coloutio officieMe i'(, pur iin hisloiiijiie soiii- muirc,rappellentqui^Thainuguili.fon(l('*L'('n Tun 100 di' notre f^re, sous Tmjan,(leviiil une villi^ roniairic opulente et luxueuse, el (jirclle Tut niiiirc^ par lis lutles religipuses, puis ])ai' les invasions drs sari- (liiles. Ilelevee par l(\s Ityzarilins, clW fiit (lotniitc par les Arabes. Les arrheologues IVa^ieais I'oiil li- ree do son soiniileil de douze Ki(>cles. Voici les porlicfUi^s a colonn(»s de la via (lardo-Maxinio. la l)ihli()Uie(]ue niuiii(*i|Kile. la vnii* Trioniphalc, ipii cunduil a chaque exlremilr. a unc* porle niomi- inenlale, celle de Maxula r| eelle de Lainl)ese. On s'aiT^te an Forum, s|)a(i(ni\ axcc la <'urie. le lejn[)l(^ de la Vieluin*, la liihune aux hariuij^ues. Sur le dallage du Foruui on lit eelle inseiiplioii r[)ieurienne : a Chanter, se haigner, jouer, liie. e('iilaiil> Le presided de la lU'put^liijue se rejouil de la parole du eouseiller iudig('Mie, demandant linslrue- ti(»n obligafoii'e pour les indigenes. <• (jdle parole, dit M. AIilhMMnd, est \ raie pailoul (d pour Ions. (Tt^sl votie hnnneur• Le Pn'-^idenl rappiOh^ que la l^q»n^li([u<^ hu lendeniain d(^ la victoin^ allemande. due a linsll- tuleur allemand, resolut de donner a tons les <'i- toyens celte instruclion obligatoire. ilh* [U'end piaec^ d€m> une voiluiH* avec le Gouverneur g(''n(U'al. Les indi- genes aux Imiians blancs s(* presseni derriere leurs ca\aliers (d, a Tenlree i\r la \ille. ils font uiie chaude reception au pvesid«*nl de la IJepuhlicpie. La colonic* fran^'aise el les touristes >e tieuneni mcdes aux indigenes sur la l)elle promenade. plaidee d(* palmi(n*s (d daulres especes d'arbres. (|ui conduit a la mairie. Les applaudissements. les cris de : « Vivi^ iMillerandl Vixc la Lranee' ^^ soid duni^ iulensite rare. ' Le pr(''sidenl d(* la l{(''publi(|ue e>l recu a la porlf* de la mairi<» ])ar les six |)lus jolies jeune> i'ill(*s fran(;aises de Hiski'acjui. pcuir la ciiconslanej out revi'du des costumes ile sole louge (*l oi'. le- bijoux et toutes les parures drs t)uled-.\ails. M. Millei'and embrassc* les six gnuieuses iiie^- sagfM'es de Hiskra. il s(M're la main aux ( lus el lonclioniiaires de la vilh* i'assem])l(Vs dans la cour d(* la jnairie(d qui lui sonl [uV'S(Md(''s par le |)ieleL M. Millerand se rej)()se eiisuite (laii> les ap|)ar- lemenls ipii lui sont res(MV(''s. |)uis assisle. a 20 h(nires. au hanquel (jui lui est offer! au casino |)ar la muniei[)alite. Le diiHM' conqirend ;H)0 comcrts. lous les pei*- sonnages ipji accompagncMil le PiM'sidenl el les uotabilites de Uiskra sont grou|)(''s aulour de M. Millerand. M. Cazenave. mfiire i\r Hiskra. rapp(dle (pie Na- poh'on III vinl a Hiskra [)eu d(^ temps a\anl sa chute et rinsurrtMiion, landis (ju'aujourd'lini. loute la [)Opulation salue avec joie le ch(d' de TKIat el nianifesle (dnsi son attachement a la Kranec. Ali Hen fiflna. del('*gue fiiuinci(M^ indigi^ne. pri(^ le Pr(''sidenl d'aizreer rexpn^ssion du lovalisnie afreeUuMix des indigenes. M. Ilonnefois. delegui^'. donne au Pri'sidenl I'as- surance que malgre dea divejgences aj)parenles. les eoMirs de tons l(»s Alg(^riens vibrent a Tunissoa. L (louvre (i»^^ rolons en Ali^'^rit* atteslr (^u'ils out rouservr lo'itp- 1(^- f|nn]itf^« df l« rnr.* l/indii?<*'nr 11^ pn^ rli' nipiUnn' I Hi; llteHSftlGNEMEKTS COLONIAUX prolecleur que Ic colon. Le» colons, pionniers de la civili- sation, onl eiilrepris conii^ la nature une iutte parfois tlou- loureuse, la prtsencc du chef de I'Etat est pour eux un grand reconfort. M. Cultoli, seiiatnur, reniercie aussi Ir President (l'6trr veim ('onlerii[>ler Toeuvre de lenergie fran- raise, qui a releve le defi de la nature en repon- dant h I'appel du desert. L'Alg^rie du Sud, dit M. Cuttoli, vous esl profondement re<'onnaissaijte d'etre venu saluer aux portes du Sahara, le dei^rt pacific et conquis par le sacrifice du plus humble des spahis k celui du plus grand chef. M. Miiierand remercii^ les urate urs. Les spectacles de la nature el le travail de riiomme, dil-il, se diftpulent notre admiration. Jamais on ne saura asse/ exalter le courage optimiste de nos colona qui sout venus planter ledrapeaueu des endroita si difficilea. £t au point de Yue de la nature, quel spectacle, k El-Kantara, que celui du Sahara qui s'ouvre? Je mlncline au nom de la France, devant ceux qui, de cet obstacle, ont fait le trait d'union t^ntre I'Afrique du Nord et nos possessions equatoriales. xM. MilJerand remercie les officiers qui, dann le Sahai^a, ont assure la securite. I'n ponl, dit-il, demain devra Stre jet^ entre les deux par- lies de TAfrique francaise, le transsaharien sera demain une realile. Je leve mon verre aux deux parlies de TAfrique iVanraisc, qui formeront bienlAl un tout indivisible, insepa- rHt»le; je bois k FAlg^rie, je bois k Biskra. Os paroles sont applaudies frenetiquement par tons les convives. Le president de la Hepublique assisle a une fete indigene «le nuit, au jardin Landon, un patr nia- gnif ique . Le piesideni de la Hepublique, les niinistres, le rouverneur et tons leurs invites prennent place ^ir une vaste tribune devnnl la([uelle une centaine de danseuses indigenes el quelques Aissouas se livrent h leur» exerciees. Un feu (rartifiee est en uieme temps tin'', qui dlumine par instant toute la flore tropiaile du jardin ainsi que losrostuniesetincelanlsdes Ouled- Naiis. M. Miiierand rentn^ it 22 h. M) dans ses appar- kmients. Le 24 avril. le President el les personnages qui I accompagnent. (|uillenl a 9 heures, 1 hotel oii ils -iont desec^ndus. Le prt'sident de In Itepublique traverse a pied les allees ombreuses du delicieux jardin, eree [)ar un Franrais, M. de Landon, et oii toutes lesplantes et arbres de TAfriqiie et beaucoup de c<*ux d'Eu- rop(* ont une \eg6tation luxiu'ianti*. Les azal^es en fleur formenl des boucjuets rouges piques dans les palmiers verts. Le cortege pr6sidentiel,en yoitures automobiles parcourt la palmeraie et arrive a la ville indigene. Sur les murs de boue sech6e qui entounmt cetti* rit6 saharienne. des milliers de burnous s'agitcnt. Une grande aeclamation sahn; M. Miiierand et Ton (intend beaucoup de : « Vive la France », parfai- lenient articul6s. Le Pr6sident passe sous un arc de triomphe qui porte une iuBcription de bienvenue en arabe et, suivanl niie [)iste convert^' de tapis, nrrive h une S lenle sur une eminence, 1 uncien lorl turc. d Ou Ion d6cx)uvre toute la palmeraie qui entoure les mai- sons indigenes. Le conseiller municipal Said Djoudi prononce une allocution dont ses concitoyens approuvent chaijui^ phrase de Ic'urs applaudissements. In inlerprfete traduit ces paroles qui sont extre- nnunent affectueuses pour la France, pays de jus- tice, de libert6, de scienc(\ de progres. La seule chose que les indigenes lui deniandeuL c'est Tins- truclion pour mieux connaitn^ mieux ainn^r la ci- vilisation fran(;aise pour la(]uellc^ ils sont prets a mourir comme leurs frferes, Le president de la Hepublique. qui ne dissimule pas a son entourage a qu<^l point il (»st emu par la beaute impressionnanti* de ce jx^uple afriaiin pro- clamant chez lui son amour de la France, d'une voix claire qui porte jus([u'aux confins de cette foule enthousiaste, lance cette declaration : Le representant de la France reroit aver Amotion les pro- messes et les engagements qui vieiment par la voie de votre representant, une fois deplus, confirmerque cette admirable reunion ne resi era pas seulement dans nos esprils et dans nos cueurs eomme un incident merveilleux et plttoresque du voyage que j accomplis dans I'Afrique du Nord; elle est plus (»t niieux. Elle est un symbole, le symbole de Tunion indis- soluble renouv(4ee en ee moment entre la France et les po- pulations indip;eneK de i'Algerie. Par votre voix, les indi genes de FAlgeriequi, depuis quatre-vingt-dix ans,^prouvent les bienfaits du genie francais, renouvellenl leur serraent dc loyalisme et de fidelitc. En en prenaiit ac(e, je renonvellc. a mon lour, au nom dc la France et de la Hepublique que j'engage, le serment de C(mtinuer a proteger les indigenes dc TAfrique, de travaillci sans ccsse a am^iiorci" bnir coiidilion raalerlelle ct morale, (le leur assurer toujours plus dc s6curite, toujours plus dc (le justice. Vivr lAlgcriel Vive la France! Vive la llcpu- Idiquc I tielte iinproN isalion palhelicpie |)r()(luil une sen- sation considerabhv non seulement |)armi lesKran- cais, mais parnii ](?s indipfmes qui. lo pliqKul, coinprennent \r tVancais. Les acclamations eclatenl sans fin. !>' corleg:e se reforme. L(* President visiti* Tecoli* indigen(Mle lapis i^t ThApitiil Uivig(Tie,diripes I'lm et Taulre par les so'urs hlanches poui' venir < ii aide aux indigenes. Le Prosident felicite la superieure el les scenes. Lorscjuil quitt(^ Thopital Lavigerie. il ptie In so'ur superieure de racconq)ag:n(M' dans sa voihire jns([u7i sa residence, II rentre a son liotel n 40 h. M pour se reposer a\ant la difl'a. 1^1 diffa oiferte par le bacha^ha d(^s Zihans. Si Boua/iz IxMi (Inna, aii president de la Uepubli(pie est s(Tvi<* sous une tenle de giande dimension, sur des tables nappees dc* blanc autonr des([uelles 350 convives sont assis sur des chaises, devant des couverts europeens. Mais le menu, edite luxuen- sement. ne comporle (jue des mets arables. Les agha et les cauls sont ranges a I'c^idree, derrien* le t)achaghn, tons en manleati pourpre ecarlat^'. ri- chement decores. Les chefs touaregs, venus du Sud saharien, dont la h(\ute stature a deja ete reniar- qu6e k Alger, soul la av(r. rofticier (|ui leur scmI d interprete - 137 \ ■* .. BULLETIN \)\j COMITE I)K L AFRIQUE FEANgAlSE \a' luvsideiil tir la llrpLibli(}ur rsl soIciiiipI- If riierit annonro. M. de Fouquieirs precedt* le rhvf de I'Etat que Ic f)achagha salur. Les r\wh ^s'i^- rlinenl hieii t)as devant M. Mdloraiid, (|iii pit iid placr a la place d'hoiineur, un fautouil rou^re (jui a ete ivscrvr. I^e j)residenl d(^ la Ue[)ublique a a sa ^siucln* Ir bachajidia el a sa droilo M. St(*eg. La vrrilahle diffa commence au moment ou, en «j:rande pompe. son! apporles a d(js d'hommes les animaux nHis en- lici's : clianjelons, a^aieaux, ^^azidles. Le haclifi^rha, vw [uirfait francais, remercie le l*resid(M!l de sa visite (|ui, dil-il, est noire jneil- leure recompense (h\s services (pie nons avons rendns a la France. Le harha;j:lia rappelie (piil n commande Ic^goufn des Zil)ans a Qisablancii, sons le ;jreneral (FAmade. II nest pas sur[)ris dn chalen- renx accned fait an Presidenl par l(»s populations in/iiocaines. lieu reuses de servir le ploricMix dra- peau tricoloi-e. Les nnisulmans al^^erieiis oid fail Icur devoir jiendani la j^au'iTe. ils n'ont jamais jjoule d(* 1 issue favorable de la jrueire. « J'ai eu. ajoule J(» bachaglia. U\ ;j:rande joie d'assister a Paris au defile de la victoice, sous I ArcHJe- ri'iomj)lH\ •derriere les ;zlorieux mareehaux de hivuice. >> Le haclia;j:ha dil le ()rix (|ue ses coreli- uionnaiies idt;icheid a la creation de ilnslihd mu- >uliuan a Paris. II boil a la France, a Lunite du j^'rand Fn\j»ire africain francais, au ])resitlenl de la l!epid)li(|U(\ Le conimnndaid Beraud. le ;ieneral de La^^nr- delle de FnvifT a|)porlenl iiu IVesidenI Ir salul ii^s- pechuMix des populalions • inportoiis (1*^ rhospitalilr fastiieiis*' rt ii L'nnl. qui nous a^tr offcrti* anjourdhni par* h*s i:rand< chrfs dn Slid .If* Irs rcmorcif* dr loiil ro'iir KJlc (*^l iiiii' [Hvminc nouNellc « I iKMi la iiKiins f(irh', la rnoiiis d« licah' dun lf)Nali>inr d(^nl rijx r( Iriir laniille onl doinie, an prix parfois dr Icursang, hinl de pi'rii\t;s a la Franco Je snis hrnreux dnnir dans im Mumr toasl h's officirrs (h'v tcrriloircs dn Slid aiixqiiHs jr r»'iioiivrllr I ♦'\prrs>i()n do la rrconnaissancc iialionali* cl les L'liinds rlirfs in I oiL'iicil r\ la force de la KrpnldiqiiP ('ran«;ai>parlenienls jusqu a Hi heui'es. II se rend ensuile sur le lerrain de Sidi-Cilu'/id pour passer la revue des ^i^oums du territoire du Sud. Dans le loinlain, (Jes leules s'elevent au [lied d(^s dimes. 110 cavaliers des terriloires d'AVn-Sefra, 2 des oasis. lliO du territoire de Tougponrt, 200 du lerriloire de fihardaia, forment un(» li^ne derriere la(|uell(\ sur deux files, se tiennent270 mcbnrisles. des Toudrefrs du Hofzgar, des Touaii^gs Ajjer, des Chambas dKI-rioleH. des (]hambas d'Ouargla. des (ioums (III Tidikcll ct <|cs Sa'hl-Okba. des mcha- ristes des ^j^ouuis de Touf^gourl, 25 meliarisles des (lliand)as-Hara//a. Les caids se tieiuienl en avant de leurs troupes. On nc^ [Xiut se defendre dun mouvemeiit d'admiration en presence de ces bommes dont cjuehpies-uns, venant de Tamam^as- set et d A^^ades out, p(»udanl un mois et plus, Iran- cbi dr LOOO a 2,000 kihmieln^sdans le desert pour venir saluer le ch«d de FKlat. Au [)oint de vue materiel, ie s[)eclacle de celle foice est iinpn\ssionnant. Quand le president delallepubli<}ue eslannonce, lous h^sfusils parlenl a lafois. Les burnous blarics et de couleurs. les chevaux impati<*nts, les pou- nders et leurs mordures qui etaieni, il y a une se- conde immobiles sous le soleiL sonl siMoues comme des epis sous un vent dOrage. Mais le President, en habit, la poitrine barree du conlon rouge, precede de ^L de Fouquien*s en iiniforme. conslelle de deccuations. suivi des ministres, du ;^^ouverueur ;zeneraL est descendu de voiture. L'immol)ilite, un sih^nce solennel sold revenus. lie Pr#sid(»nt remet solennellemeid dc^s decorations aux chefs militaires, la plaque de ^^rand officier dc la Legion (Fhonneur au geneinl d(* l^agardi^Ue el au t)achagha Bou A/iz ben (iana. la era vale de connnandeur on la roselte d'offi<'ier aux autres aglms el caids. \,r general de l^gai'dellr rassend)l<' du C(Me du Sud lous les ca\aliers el les inelhirislo : le Presideiil prend place dans la Iribune. La [population de Biskra forme cercic aidour flu champ de mano'uvre; les ca\ali«'rs defileni sur viugl rcssionnaid. Fn avion siu'xolc le lerrain. Les ca\aliers. rassembles a I (hi(*st. face aux Iribunes, chargeid sur elles dans un image dc poussiere : ils s'arreleiil nel lors(pie leurs com- mandants sonl a l!il metres desaid le |)rcsidciil de la Keput)liqiie. .NL Millerand s a\anre vers h^s chel's d les feli- cite. Fn cheval gris poinmele. hainache dOi'. est [)resenle ct offert au Piesidcul [)ar les ( hefs du Sud. P(Midant c(^ t(MU[)s. uiic centaine dr meliarisles font agenouiller leuis b(Mes. qui grogneiit on jilu- iC)[ pousseid de veritables rugissements. Sur \m signal, toules se levenl el |)artent au grand Irol. Fne fantasia endiablee continue cette fete du de- sert (pd defie toute description. in concours d(* bassours, sortes de palamjuins ou. sur les chameaux, Aoyagent les dames, ajou- lent au pittoresipie. Le Presid(»nt preud le the sous h's tentes des l)achaghas d Ain-Sefia et de La- ghouat. II re id re a IS h. iU) a Biskra, apres avoii* (^xprime auxorganisaleurs de cette sohmnite saha- rienne toute s(Mi adndration. i:is — KENSEIGNEMENTS COLONIAUX Apn'^s nil (liiKM* iiitinie, W president cle la Ue[)ii- blicjue part (mi autoinohile pour la gare. Les \ii\b\- Uiiils (le ITiskra, masses sur le [)arcours, rapi)lau- disseiil el raeelameiil rlialeureusenient. Le train presideritiel part a 21 h. 40 j)()ur t4)iislanlin(\ Gonstantine. Le 21) avril, M. Millerand d4^sc(»iid du train j)re- sidentiel a 8. h. HO. Les niinislres, M^L Chc'^ron, elltaiberli, MM. Mu- rinaud. maire de (Gonstantine; Thomson. d(!'pule; Cultoli, senat(nir, |)resid(Mil du (lonseil general: Lamy-Hoisrozier. pretet de Constantine, aeeoin|)a- gnent le president d(* la llepublicpu*. Dc^s voil\ii'(^s automobiles deeouvertes sont rangees avenue d(*s Etals-Lnis, devant la gare. Le pr(^sident de la liepublique monle dans h* landau de grand gala, allele k la daumonl. I)(*s s[)ahis, des rhefs arabes rendent les lionneurs. Vi\Q nombreus(^ population, massee derriere h.^s t'rou[)es, mrlame le l^r^sident. L(^ eortege |)residentiel fi'ancliit sur W pont d*l\l- Kantara. le preeipir(^ celebre par les faits d'armes de 183(i el 1837, lors de la prise d(* la ville. On apereoit au loin U' |)ont suspendu de Sidi-Meid, (pii plane eneore plus haul au-d(*ssus du ravin. Le eortege ])asse sous un ni'e-d(»-lrioinpli(* a la sortie du j)ont d'Kl-Kant(U'a el s'-*Mig[ige dans les i'U(\s de la ville pour aller j\ la nHiiri(*. La plui<' se uK^t a loniber assez forlemrnl. Llle nVm|)erhe pas M. Millei'and de s(^ deeouvrir poui* repondre nux acelaiualions d(* la foule. Aux 8.000 habitants s(^ sont joints de nombreux rolons el in- digen(*s de la region. La ru(* Xationale, deeoree d(^ nombnnises ban- dcM'ollc^s. (\st Irop elroite pour le public, l)(^v(uit la Med(M'sa, sont reunis lous les eten- dai'ds des confreries i'eligieus(*s de la vill(^ Les Cf'is de : « \i\v Millerand I Vive la Uepul)li(piel Vive la Krano^I » sont Ires vibrants. Dans eette longne ct elroite artei'e de (.onstan- tini*. la population se livi'e egal(»menl a de noin- breus(^s demonstrations de svmnalhie a Tadr^^ssi^ de M. (jcistou Thomson (jui. depuis quarante-sept ans represenle sans interiuplion, h la (^hambre le de- partement de Constantine, el qui. eonune le piv- sidenl de la i{ejad)lique le rappelait it y a cpia- ranle-huit hemes, fut W fidele e()nq)agnon de lutte d(^ Ciambelta et de Kane. [nr phujuc^ de marbre rappelle que ITlolel d(^ Ville, oil 1(^ corteg(^ arrive, a ele inaugure en 1903 par U' President M. Loubel. C'c^st un edifice di^ style moderne, ronslruit sur une^ corniche d'ou Ton jouit dune perspective magnifique sur la vallee du lUiumel et la monUigne du Chetti Le |)r(''sidenl de la l{t''pubrK|ue |)roeede. iin ])eu plus l(jin, a la posiMh* la [)i'emier(^ [)ie!'i'e du palais consulaire (|ue fait edifier la (]haiiilir(^ de rom- merc(\ >L Ferrando, |)r(''si(lenl. remi rcie >L Milleiand. Le presidresenl(^ la ])his joviMise animation. Le PresidiMit ([uitle la i)ief(rtur(* a 1!)h. IJ^. La nuil est venue. Les rues sont illuiiiinik's. Les - t39 - «- _;'<»:■ . H" . . f. SJK . .^ ,*' >► ■-/•' ^.,z ■ "-*UV.v i . :..:t^: ■ ' * > , ■ 1. ■.. ,.-. ««ti% y -*-: -•— .-.^.'■i?. "''- ■ > y .4*'. ■ r'./-*^ BULLETIN DU COMITE DE L'AFRIQUE FBANgAISE . .'•9' •f;* '/ -^ r« 'I' .'f^^: '^^ c. Constantinois out lenu a \enip tr5s nonibrtnix I Ferry, •« Tunislen (Applaudissemenls), Jules Ferry, le Ton- ucclamer le chef d'Etat. lis se bousculenl doniferv 'f'no's (vfpp/aMdwsefw^enfa). Erde ces mote dont une pol^- ■.^*. les haies de zouaves, sur les trottoirs ties etroites rues de Caraman ot de Fnince. M. Millorand arrive ft 19 h. 30 au lycc^e ou 1(^ GonseilKen6ral\ leConseil municipal el iaChaiiibre de commorco iui offrenl uii banquet. Les miniH- tr©«, le gouverneur general, Iob membiHis du Por- lomeiil, les presidents el les membrea des Assem- blies (jui ont organise le diner et 200 uolaUililcs de Confcilantine prennenl ])lace autour deb tables dress6es sous une lente dans la cour du lyc6e. Au dessert, M. Morinaud, mairc, exprime au Prt^sident la gratitude de ses concitoyens pour le voyage qu'il accompUl danscetle seconde partie de la France que fornient le Maroc!, TAlgerie et la Tuntsie. : ^ . * > ^ La Tunisie et le Maroc devroiil ^Ire peupl^s de Francois comme TAlgerie Ta ete. (Colons et indi- genes sont intimemcnt unis dans Tampur filial de la France. La troisi^me France qui est constitute on Afrique centrale, sera bientol r^nnie aux deux aufres pour former la France une et indivisible. M. Morinaud couclut en s'cicrianl : c< Vive la France! Vive la U(^publique ! y> {Applnttdisseinenls repetes,) ' Salah bey, conseillor munieipal, pi'oelame le loyalisme des indtg^nes pour la g^ii^reuse nation 'frauQaise. M. Ferrando, pi*esident de la Chambre d(» com- merce, fait I'eloge de raclivit(^ des (]irl(VMis, cpii Iraflquaient d6j& avec I'Europe el avec toule TAfrique. 1^ colonisation fran^aise a slimule c^lto ardeur au travail. i\l. Jules Cutloli, ])rt^sidenl du Conseil g^m'^ral, s's8oci(» aux paroles (raffed ion pour la France et pour sou President, pronone^es par les precc^dents orateurs. a La Finance, dit-il, pent faire credit a ses enfaiits d'outre mer. » M. Mon'ier, au nom des colons fmncais, salue le President. M. Millerand, prenanl ensuite la parole, dil quelle est sa fierte et son (^motion do Taccueil de la population algeri(»nne (>t des paroles de ses repr6sentanls, et il ajoule : Me pardonncrez-vous, si je vous demande, au momeut ou je vols avec iant de regret s'approcber le terme de mon admirable et trop bref voyage sur la terre Hlg^rieiine, la permission de perdre un instant de vue I'xVlgerie, pour ac- quiitar une dette de la patrie f -. L'a?uvre des colons algerieus, je I'ai cliaque jour contom- pli^e avec une ^rnotion et un respect croissants; il n'est pas de terme qui soil h la hauteur de I'^loge qn'ils m^ritent. Je lie saurais assez magnifier leur ceuvre, mais ne gjed-ii pas (I'adfosser rbommagec^u'ils m^ritent aux gouvernements et aux hommes d'Etat qui ont permis de raccomplirf Et je le cUsais h Elbiar, aux portes d'Algor, 1^ oh la France, il y a qualque cent ans, poBa la premiere tois le pied, la R^publique eat asftei solidement assise pour n'avoiraucun embarrae de TcBiivre des regimes qui Tont pr6c6d^e. Mais c« n'cst pas fausser Tbiatoire, c'est T^crire que de reconnaftre que de c^tte opqvre, In part capitale, de loin pr^ponderante, c'est la R6publique qui a le droit de la revendiqncr. (Applaiidisse- menis replies.) ' ^ Le president de ia R^;mfolique manqtiorait k nn deAoir quil Iui est doux d'aeec^oiplir en n'adreeBant pas Tbommage public d(' la recpimaldSa^ce nationale aux grands r^publi- caiiis ]Kir qui a 6U r6aiis6e cette oeuvre colonisatrice. Jules i V — ^ , '-^■- m mique injuste et impie essayait de le n^lrlr, Tbistolre au- jourd'hui Iui tresse des eouronnes. (i4^/>^{iU8 eji'- tralner au Tonkin, h Madagascar 1 Enfouir loin de la France ,'-:> ^-^^ ses energies et ses ricbesses ? Oubliez-vous done la plaie, %: ouverte h uotre Hand '" -^' ^^ - • ^ * > -^-^^ f No regardc/-vous done plus les deux provinces qui nous 1 ont ete ravici^ et ViCrs lesquelles notre (Bil et notre pens^e 4 dpivent continuellement etre fixes? Et ceux qui avalent compris que rheure 6tait venue oil les puissanceB devaient ! le plus rapidement possible Jconqu6rir sur le globe l«ir part - legitime d'innuenoe et que si la France laissait pass^ cette .-^ v v beure, il serail trop tard et que pour atteindre et m£riter la < : ,^^ reparation h laquelle plus que personno pensait le Vosgien ':^- i ,; qui regardait toujours du cdte de I'Alsace, il fallait d'abortl ; 'I I que la France \m grande et puissante, ont per86v6r6 dans « >. leurs desseins. (ApplaudmemtnU repelet.) ^- v r. . . Quelles justifications inouies la guerre leur a apporttes! moment les colonies, TAJ- /* ». *^. •-. -wp VV.; ■-^ i^ '^^ • .''»' Jt ;^' • 'i*-<^\ Que nc nous ont pas donn^ k ce g^rie cl le Maroc, et la Tunisie, et nos possessions lointainesl Ce ne sont pas seulement les soldats, les produits, qui aont ^-^ v4i; 1 arrives h la mere-patrie, c'est aussi, il ne faut pas Toublier, '«i^^J^(; ? •- h la tote meme de notre arm6e, quelques-uns de ceux et des plus illustres qui nous ont donn^la victolre et que le service aux colonies avait formes k la rude 6cole de rinitiative et de la responsabilite : les Joffre et les Gallleni. (Vifs appUtu- dmements.) ' - . ^ ;.;%" - v* v*^ Inclinons nous avec un respect emu et une reconnaissance sans limite devant la m^moire de ces grands ser>iteur8 de f la R^publique et du pays, et pour les bonorer comme ils le m^ritent et comme ils voudraient Tfitre; disons que ledr cBuvre est la n6tre- ^ * '^ :. ^^^^ >^^^^^ v :. ^-;;. R^sumons, en un mot,ce que nous ferons, nous inspirunt - de leur exemple et de leurs pr^ceptes : « Nous mamtien- drons ». (Longs applaiidissemeuts.) Je l^ve mon verre k I'Alg^rie, k la ville et au d^partement i^ de Constantine. - . • v^' ; ^ \ ^^ ^^ x^ _v ■^^-^- t '* L'assistance fait une ovation chaleureusQ au chef de FEtat dont las paroles improvi»6es» out ^t6 dites avec une Amotion qui, par instant, lwsfti|jtreinbler la voix (Je Forateur. .^, .^v "^^ -^^ S^ M. Millerand se retire au milieu d'upe gmnde manifestation d'enthousiasme de i&m cenx qui ont entendu cette allocution 61oquente. Le pr6sident de la Republique reutre h la pr^ fecture 6 10 heures. " ' ' ^ '^ '-•' •.*" r. ^M... rSfea^ *^" ■- v ^ r ■>•' ■ .>-"t; — 140 — ^ '■-i- f-r^t- •>- ■ 6^(^ ^ • •:: f •.**. V- ■i^ V?'' .•■*-" .J^.s y^A K:.y'-' ^-^ .l^: .H--> . >-yr. ^e r . .'&'-<'. -_■-. I.' vrf-a. ^. " >; ■iSii^r .fi-i^f n'.- •' ^' ;<>- ■T«.' t-" **'■ 't. .'^■■ »v ,-•*-«"■ V ^■v ,^ i.1- JiM^i-iMil^M- ' .i^ *-'. p -T ~-K^- ' i'^.r-'c '^V- ^.->-a. '/^ La population raoclame ohaleureusement. Le 26 avril, Ic pi*6sident de la llepublique part h 8 heures pour Philippeville. Le cortege des voi- tu res automobiles passe par Birot, Gonde, Smen- dpu, El-Arpouch , Saint-Charley. ' ^ ^ '^ '^^. -jLe cort^e pr^sidentiel autre ii 11 h. 30 dans la ville qui est brillammeut pavois^e et dont toute la population s'est porWe h la rencontre du Presi- dent pour racclamer. ^■^- - Sous les arcades de la grande rue Nationale, toute par^e de guirlandes et do drepeaux, aux bal«- cons et aux fendtres, une foiile nombreuse se presse, qui applaudit et crLe sans discoutinuer : c< Vive Imllerand ! Vive la France ! » ^ Le cortege longe le port. L'escadre^ de la M6di- terran^, embossde dans le golfe, tire les salves r^glementaires. Le maire souhaite la bienvenue au Pr6sident au seuil de THdtel de Ville et lui pr^sente les auto- rit6s et les fonctionnaires. Le President se rend ensuite & la salle du d6- Le dejeuner est servi dans un grand hall vitr6, toutJt fait au bord de la mer et qui serable Atre suspendu sur les vagues. " , , ^ . Les tables comprennent 300 couverts. /i jt,. ^^ Pendant le dejeuner, les convives s'int^ressent aux Evolutions des navires de guerre, qui out pris le lai^e. Le maire, M. Passerieu, porlant le premier toast au chef de TEtat, fait rhistorique de Tan- ciennc Rusicade, i*es8uscit6e parle g^nie fran^ais ; ici, se forma une race vigoureuse, avant tout fran- gaise. Le maire Evoque To bombardement de Phi- lippeville par le Goeben ; a G'est notre honneur, ditril, d'avoir Et6 les premiers h subir les feux de I'ennemi. » ,^ - ' " v^ ;:: ^ . ^. a Les ciloyens de Philippeville ont conflaoce dans M. Millerandqui tientla harredu navire fran- oais a un moment oh des nuages sent apparus h rborizon. Vive la R6publique! Vive la France immortelle! » {Applaudissements.) t^^~ ^- _^ Le president du Gonseii g*n6ml et un conseiller municipal indigene remercient le President de, sa visite, de Tencouragement qu'elle a apport^ h leurs concitoyens. *M. Gaston Thomson, d^put^, prend la parole. Les convives lui font une ovation, M. Thomson commence par rappeler Sgalement que la premiere page der^ la guen^e hit rougie par le sang alg^rien. Lea AUemands avaient pris un pr^t^xte mensonger et ridicoJe pour rompre les relaUons. La lendemain matin, leHwben bombar- dait Philinpeville ; 20 zouaves f aront tii6s, plusieurs blesses ; des civils furent^al^ment vietimes Cette I)eriid{e aval^ pour objet de faire entendre en Afrique du Nora le caQouallemand« On connatt la r^poUse de I'Alg^e : sea eafaoits eourufent h la frontifere^ TAlg^e ravitailla la m^tropole et pesa d'un grand poids pour I^ victoire. ^ ^ « ie porta, ($it eu .terBOinftnt M. Thomson, un toast au ministre de la Goerre de i91i,-quia puissamutent conMbu^it ia vicfcotre de la MiOiie. y> {Applaudissetnents ripitis,) ^ ^-?' »-<■■>■• ^'i'\ ■»■ •^■'■•::A"^.\: «|W]K V**' • '^ w . r. ' '■■■■'^ I^ president de la RApu^Iique parle ensuite. Les convives se Ifevent, "* - Le President remercie d'abord les orateurs qui viennent de prendre la parole. II fait un 61oge 6m\i de M. Gaston Thomson. Puis il s'exprime ainsi : , ■ , - < ■jf^'.; .i 'j^* ■ ■\^* ..':' ■•^.-^7^ vi'; -w;.j»= ,-4«J^w Le 4aQi!it i9i4,& PbilippeYiUCytombalent les premiersobus de la Grande Guerre. Le 2C avril 1922, nou» y vedd r^uiib. Halt aas se gont passes. Ou en «omm6s-aou8?La France ft la civUisatioa sont sauvcSes. A quoi rontrelles d(i? A I'lmiou ^tfoiie des Allies d^cid^B ^ p^rir plutdt que de renoniocr & leur raison de vivre, Tid^l de libieri^ et de jultice q\)i 1^ anime. .i. ?= L'iniquit6 de 1871 a 6t6 r^par^e, la Pologne a reksusoM* Les aationaliUs opprim^eg ont et6 lib^r^es, las fr^res s^par^s oat 6t^ r&inis.- .^v- :--T-^T^,^.;:.,^:>^.r.:^../ ^.^^..^-^^/.^j^/. : L'oeu vre eat-ellc achevf e ? Un bquleversement au9ii jm^p- fond que celui qui, quatre ans et plus, a Becou^i'Burope Q»x^ 869 assises, ue s'op^re pas sans laissar aprds lui des devasta- tions et d^s mines. L'Europe est r^unie en ce monaent pour d^Ub^rer'snr I'oBuyre de sa reconstniction 6conoinique. La France est ^ G6nes. Hier, avec sa lucidit6 et sa pr^clsioa coUtumieres, le prteident dn Gonseii a rappel6 de quelles idtos directrices, adoptees d*accord avec nos allies it Cannes, puis il Boulogne, notre politique traduite avec autant de fer- met^ que de prudence par nos d^l6gu6s s'y inspire. Ellas ; 8ont celles-lli monies qui nous conduisaient, nos allies et nous, le jour oil Todieuse agression de rAUemagne nous mit les armes ^ la main ; elles sont celles qae, d^s sa nais- sance, )e gouvemement que j'avais Thonneur de pr6^der et dont mon ami Steeg ^tait I'un des principaux coUatomteurs, a affinn(6es. Nous avions lutt^, nos allies et nous, pour le iriomphe du droit. Pour !ui, des millions de morts 6taieni tomb^. Nous ne le laisserions pas remettre en question ; nous ne pennettrions pas que les nations sorties du tonibeau y fussent ramen^s, que TEurope nouvellp, issue des trait^s, fMmodifl^e.^^ " La France ne r^ve pour elle-mftme d'aucune hi^g^monie. L'influenoe bienfaisante de son g^nie dans le monde suffit & son aoQbition el ^ sa gloire. Elle n'entend pas sacrifier la reconstruction de FEurope & la sienne propre, mais elle croit avoir Ic droit de penser, sans 6tre tax^e d'6goisme ni d'in- justice, que la reconstruction de la France, devast6e pour avoir servi de rempart aux armies de la civilisation, est une partie essentielle de la reoonstruetion de TEurope. Aotrement dit, nous voulons^ ct nos allies ont d^olar^ vouloir comme nous, Fex^culion sincere du trait6 de Ver- saiUes et des trait6s qui le complMent. A-t-on le droit de pr^tendre qu'une AUemagne qui donnerait la preuve de sa volont^ loyale d'ex6cuter ses obligations, et pour le d4sar* memeat et pou^ les reparations, trouverait, n^nmoins. dans la France, malgr6 la paix conclue, une resistance obsila^e & reprendre des relations ^onomiquesl Non, certes. Repuis le d6but de 1920, las cabinets qui se sont sncc^^ n'oni oess6 de protester de leur bonne volenti ii son ^gard sous la aeule et ni6oessaire condfition aue le d^sarmement et les repara- tions devlendraient une reality. ,,. - De m£me,en ce quiconcernc le gouvemement des Soviets, depuis 1920, jamais, h, aueun moment, sous aueune (omae, . un cabinet francais n'a pr^tendu slmmiseer dans sa poHtlqtie ; etrang^re. Si, a une heure tragique, mon Gouveroement a 6te linaniaie & reconnaitre ^Vrangel cooinie k interdire h notre ambassadeur 4 Londres de poursuivre aucuna conver- "^ sation,m£me6conomique,avee les repr^tentants ties Soviets, e'ast que la Pologne etait en danger et qa'il (allait qu'on sCit • & Varsovie — et on Ta su, et on fa compris — que la France 6tait rteolue \ tout faire pour la sauver du gouverncment des sovieis. La France n'a jamais reclame qu'une chose : qu'il (ikt an gouvemement, c'est4i-dire qu*il endossit las obligations souscrit^^ par les gouvernements russes ant^rieura, qnll r£par&t les dommages par lui causes aux ressoriissants ^trang^eifa et qu'll lenr aasurAt & ravenir^ pour leura peraonnes et pour leurs biens, les garaniies (§lementaires de sScurit^ et de justice. 3 \ - t v^ .1 fc ' ■■*••■ -' vj- ,■»'<••■ .4.-- -^ V ■ .*■, "i. < 'X ^1% i.' . ',v^ **? ■»*'. .v. ►--'s;. ■..;■: M w"i. •?SS''' ..Fly 'w.. ■-.• i ,-/ >• •- ■■^^ ''■^k J .9 •-: f^ V' •* , . , to '■» -» "■*■ . tf > -^ 71 ■%.'', 'ij, t»m --^ Cette politique^ le Gouvemement qne j'avais rbonneur de ^siderTa definie. President de la R^publique, je I'ai pour- pr6sider *— ' •rt«-. -:' yr^ - 141 ... i r «■,•: ^'■^ V- vV.- .V f .C'.-a^i' . f;!-*!*.!, ■;4ii.'"'ic.~*ar" "A .: .'>''(_l.,s i: J»j«K i™^', .: ,V r'Tw- .ii'l^^'i.d. - -« vfc.-,l>.»*t MH^,'^: 1 ^ ■ '._ -^ ,^,.:.-« .»5fe'-3' .. «^. y J- --,•1 ■■■^. ■'3 , ■ • .. . -■ --.jr; '^i ■:,: ''■"- ■'Ui '> ■ ■ ''fi ■ ,- • .:-x- . ■ J jjf- ---':■:■' f. ^ ■■ -.f. ■-...r. ,..-;->.'•'*>. , :^ - i,'«ii,l _ >«s6-£J#^tak.^ay«^ai.5 JlM^it>^ ks^i'-.Jtid.: ^ _j%f^' ■^;:r^^'Ty!;^^?'^'piTjn^Tr-v^rt. ■ i^^rJ rrr- ^ X ^ ••r -■.^->^\ ■^^ - ''■if- 1^4.' I-V ■•'» ■ . r. - BULLETIN DU COMITE DE L'AFRIQUE FRANgAlSK sulvle en plein et cordial accord avec les cabinets qui se soiit suec6d68. Depuis le d6but de ce voyage, j^etnis teiiu an rou- rant chaque jour de ses developpements par les soins de mon Eminent collaborateur et ami, M. Poiricar^. Lorsqu'a eclats la iiouvelie de Taccord de llapallo, ce ii'est pas saus mson qu'on a 6voqu<^, a ce propos, le souvenir de Ikesl- Litowsk. Le^ contractants sont les m^mes et, sans doute, leure inlr^ilions n'ont pas chung6. Mais la victoire n'est plus h emporter et les allies, pour qui le traits de Brest-Litov\ sk fut une redoulable menace, ont dil trouver, dans Taccord de Rapallo, un avertisseaient qui n'6tait peut-etre pas inutile, lis sont (['accord, et ils sauront le demeurer, pour, en profi- tant de ravertissement, metlre a neant tout ce qui heurle les clauses du traite de Versailles. Leur accord, fortifi^ du libre cortcours des peuples demeun^s neutrea au cours de la guerre, se maintiendra pour mener a bien I'oeuvre de paix (ju'lls out entreprisd. ' La France y collaborera, comme elle a coinmence de le faire, de toute son intelligence et de tout son cceur, sans autre souci que de sauvegarder, avec ses interots propres, ceux de touie FEurope. Je ne doute pas, pour ma part, du succes final, et le voyage que j'accomplis ra'a apport(^, comme ou.x: minislres et aux pfl^riementaires qui m'accompagnent, de nouvellcs et puissant es raisons de con fiance, Les qualit^s d'esprit et de coeur que la France a deployees dans I'Afrique du Nord, qui lui ont valu une si triomphale r^ussite, no seront pas moins (»fficaces ni souveraines dans Tentreprise pacifique qui doit acbever et couponner la victoire. La p^i'oraisoii est saluee par les cris de : <( Vive Millerand ! Yive la France ! Vive la RSpublique ! » La manifestation se prolonge un instant. Le President de la Il6publique remonte dans son automobile, Le corlfege part i\ 14 heures pour B6ne, au milieu des ovations de la population. Le cortfeg€ pr6sidentiel met trois heures a faire le parcours. Les populations des loraliles traver- s6es ; notamment eejle de Jemmapes, se tiennent devant les portiques de fleurs, agiteiit des dra- peaux et acclament lo-President. A H6ne, une foule considerable applaudit et acclame lo President devant lH^tel de Ville. M. xMarchis, maire de B6ne, salue Ic President. M. Millerand passe en revue les troupes (|ui assureat le service d'ordre et decore deux caids. La foule, qui est particulierement dense ici, applaudit et pousse des vivals. Dans les salons de la mairie, le prefet prescMile au Pr6sid(^nt les. elus et la ville. Le President dc la Republique ^e rend a pi(Ml au college, oil est servi le diner qui lui est offert par la ville de B6ne. II passe sous une voiite de feux electriques d'un demi-kilom^tre ; la populatiim racclanie avec enthousiasme. M. Saint, resident general de France, a Tunis, est Aenu des ce soir saluer le President de la il^publique, qu'il va accompagner pendant son voyage de six jours en Tunisie. Ont 6galement pris place au diner, MM. Haiberti, Henry Ch6ron, le gouverneur g6n6ral de TAlg^rie, les membres du Parlement et qualre cents elus, hauls fonctionnaires et notabilit^s de la ville. Apres le diner, lo President regagne la gare, ou il prend congc^ du gouverneur g6n6ral de TAlgerie, Le train prd'sidentiel part pour Tunis a 22 h. 30, m — BN TUNISIB Tunis. Le 27 avril, le train presidentiel entre en gare de Souk-el- Arba, h 8 heures, Le pr6sident de la Hepublique est salu6 par M, de Castillon Saint- Victor, delegue h la U6sidence generale ; le prince Moncef, fils ahie de Si Mohamed en Naceur, re- pr6sentant S. A. le Ix'-y el qui porte Tuniforme de lieutenant-colonel de hx gaixle beylicale; MM. Gabriel Puaux, secretaire general du gouver- nement tunisien ; Mourgnot, directeur general des Travaux publics; le commandant Jacqucmin, off i-^ cier d'ordonnance du Resident; Tr^lat, Dauffret, president du Conscil d'administration et directeur de la Compagnie Bone-Guelma; Grosset-Grange, contr61eur civil de Souk-el-Arba; Chadii El Okby, CAid; Fortier, vice-pr6sident de la municipality. M. Millerand est conduit sous uue tente dressee devant la gare, decoree de drapeaux tricolores et beylicaux. v > M. Saint. Resident, lui pr6sente les aulorit^s locales, parmi lesquelles se trouvent de nombreux indigenes venus des environs pour le saluer. • Le vice-president de la municipality rappelle qu'en 1911 il eut Thoniieur dc recevoir le presi- dent Fallieres, La Tunisie, jeune sceur de TAlg^rie, sera fifere de nionlre^ a M. Millerand les progrfes quVlle a ac€omplis, Le (lelegu6 agricole ii hi conference consultative et le caid Chudli El Okby, au nomdes populations du contr61e, cxprimenl Icui' gratitude cnvers le President et la France, dont Taction, de la fa^on la plus heurcuse, sans choc, id heurt, s'cxerce, tant au point de vue moral qu'au point dc vue agricole. M. Millerand repond en ccs termcs : Au moment ou je mets le f)ied sur le sol tunisieu, LI m'est particulierement agr6able d'etre accueilli par les repr^sen- tants qualifies des colons et des indigenes, et je veux que mon premier mot so it en Tunisie, comme il Ta It6 an Maroc et en Alg^rie, pour saluer. au nom de la France, ceux qui, pendant la grande guerre, aont venus apporter k la mftre patrie le concours de leurs bras et lui ont dona6 leur vie pour la defend re et d^fendre avec elle la civilisation me- nac6e. . - z\_.- Yous avez. Messieurs, tr5s exaclement marqu6 dans vos allocutions le caractere de la situation actuelle. La France, associ^e depuis quarante anset pour jamais aux destines de la Tunisie, a d^jk realise une oeuvre qui permetde Lien aagurer de Tavenir. Getavenir, Li sera brillantet prospere, grftce aux efforts redoubles des colons qui, deja, par leur ^aergie> par leurs sacrifices, out tant produit et qui les redoubleront, assures qu'ils sont qu'k ^ucun moment le conconrs de la ^ra^re patrie ne leur fera defaut. / ■^■s^^^.-^^' - Mais pour que leur , Lc train presidentiel arrive a 12 h. 45 a la petite station de Kassar-SaTd, champ de course de Tunis, oti une tente a et^ dress^e pour recevoir le President et S. A. le bey. - " ^ Sidi Mohammed En Naceur arrive le premier en automobile , en grand uniforme de mar6chal, tout coiistell6 de decorations et baire du giand cordon de la Legion d'honneur. II est accomi)agn6 de son fils aine, Moncef, de son mini^tre de la plume, qui lui sert d^interpi'fete, Mustapha Din- guizli, de son garde des sceaux. Si Ahmed Es- Souni, du colonel de la garde, de deux lieutenants d'6tat-maior et de son docteur. " ^ La garde beylicale rend les honneui's. - S. A. le bev, Sidi Mohammed en Naceur, dont la figure est populaire en France, est tout h fait souriant. Lorsque le President descend du train, il s'avance a sa rencontre. M. Millerand, egale- ment visiblcment heureux, serre Ibnguemenl les mains du bey. Des paroles courtoises sont ^chan- gees. L'interprete traduit les parofes de bicnvenue du bey. ' • ^'- - "' " M. Millerand repond : >- * , ^ Je suis Ires toucii6 que Son Altesse ait garde le souvenir de rhospitalit^ que j'ai eu le plai&ir et Thonneur de lui offrir comme mhiistre de la Guerre C'est pour moi une grandejoieque de visiter aujourd'hui, chez lui, le souverain (iont la France a. pendant quatre ans et demi, pu appr^cier hautement la fid61it6 et le loyalisme. : ^.- - - v - S. A. le bey, qui park le fran^ais et Je com- prend encore mieux, fait r6pondre par son minis- tre de la plume pour que la phrase soit plus cor- recte, que toute sa vie, vivraifr-il m6me mille ans, son loyalisme resterait le mfime pour la France. Le president de la R^publique pr^sente au bey les ministres et les personnages qui Taccompa- goent. . ... > , ; , ... S. A. le bey prescute sa suite. t M. Millerand invite le bey h monter dans son wagon-salon. Le President et le bey out un nntre- tien pendant les dix minutes que met lc train a arriver h Tunis. -y ,.,,,,.,, .,^,. ^^,^ ;^ Les premiers souhaits de lueiivenue adresses a M. Millerand h son arriv^e h Tunis sont formules pair M. Curtelin, vice-pr6sidcnt de la municipality. . M. Millerand se d^dare particuliferement hcu- i^ux de leccvoir ce salut au uom de tons les ek- A^ -^^- ■.*.' ments de la population do Tunis, car, ajoute4-iI, cest dans un esprit d 'union et de Concorde que le president de la ll^publique est venu en Tuuisie. Le President sort de la gare et prend place avec S. A. Ic bey dans une daumont attel6e de quatre chcvaux d'artillerie et conduite par des artilleurs. Le Resident g^nSial de France et le vice-presi- dent de la municipality s'asseoient en face d'eux. Le cortege so met alors en marche pour se rendre au palais de la Residence, Sur tout leparcours, le chef de I'Etal est Fobjet de chaleureuses manifestations de sympathie. Les Pran«?ais se montrent particulierement enthou- siastes. Les indigfenes, quoique assez nombreux, sont aoyes dans la foule des Europeens, masses en rangs scrres le long des avenues, lis sont d'ail- leurs rest^s pour la plupart dans la Medina ofi ils resident pour y recevoir dans quelques instants la visitc du chef de lEt^it. : . A la Residence, S. A. le bey se sei)are du Presi- dent et retourne au Dar-el-Bey, ■' Le Resident g6neml pr^sente au Presidejit, dans les isalons de la Residence, les fonctionnaires et notabilites do la viJie, ainsi ([ue d'importantes delegations envoyecs par la plupart des Societes ou associations europ6ennes de Tunis, Recevant les membres de la colonic ilalienne, le pri^sidcnt de la Ri6publique rappelle en quelques motg. les liens 6troits qui unissent la France et ITtalic, c( ces deux noeurs qui out combatlu c6te a c6te et qui out parLage les m6mes angoisses avant d'obtenir le triomphe definilif ». Si, h certains momciiLs» ajoute M. Millerand, des malen- tcndus ontpu se prodwire, je suis silr que jamais ces maieu- tendus ne s'^l^veront in. Nous nous connaissons trop pour rtous m^onnaitre jarriais^. A trois heures. lo President va au palais beyli- cal rendre sa visile a S. A. le bey. Le cortege tra- verse la Medina, eti passant i)ar le boulevard Bab- Djerfid, nouvelle artfere bordee de niaisons euro- p6c lines, Derriere les zouaves et les sen6galais qui forment la haic, s-e tiennenl des niilliers d'indi- gfenes musulmans et juifsr, coiff^s du fez ou du turban, auxquels sp sont jointes de nombreuses femmes, les imes, le visage decouv(M*t, les autres voilfies. - . ' Des applaudissements saluent uu passage le chef do I'Etat. Des cris do cc Vive la France » s(^ m<^[ent aux applaudissements. Lorsque le Presi- dent arrive au Dar-EI-Bey de Tunis, qui est ac- tucllement le sifegu du gouvernemenl lunisien, les honncurs lui sont rendus a Tentree du palnis, par un d6lachement de la garde heylicahv Lf5 President conduit par les hauls dignitaires tunisiens, gruvit les escaliers de niarbre (jui menent a la cout de la chancellerie. Celle-ci est eniour^e de galeraes d^cor6es d(» niosaiques an- cicnnes et de plAtres finement sculptes. S. A, le bey, eritoure de ses ministres et des officiers de sa maison militaire, attend le President dans le grand salon attenant a celte cour. Le ministre de la plume lit le tcxte en arabe et la traduction en fran^is de raHoculion de bicnvenue de S. A. le bey: \'.: v.; •' i-.r '»;>,; ^r«- -*■* ; A' M, :r -■* •-^ \ ■S ' "^ -i48 L\ '• hV V'- '•■• ■-'"^vr ,// *w ;-.».•. • V^ < L', ^'Ji ^"^i 'i^ »-L. •» ■ :^.:-^ V K: i •>-i ,^; ' .'■^'i. \f f- . /> I ^ ■ i- s i ^ -J^L ,•» -.* 1 ^ - . .*;'■.„ *,T,it i^...*.ii ».<...-•-.,} :;*-».,^sSWi. ^t.J''"^^ 'Tw <' ■> r fetJLLEtiN DU COMITE DE L'AFl^IQUE PllANgAlSB c. ■'S'* •^r^rv. Ce ra'est une joie iaeffable de rec«voir la visile de rbotnrae ^aiiQent qui, le lendemain dt* la guerre, a ele successive- ment appcl^ par ses rares auulit^s dVsprit et de eamr, u fouvefner les proviaces vaillamment recoiiquises, a assurer execution du traits de Versailles, h exeroer cnfiii ^a plus hante ttiagistraiure gr^ce au suffrage irootiiiaissaai et coii- fiant des repr^enlanis aulorises de tout le peuple frativnis. Elle coiistitue poor moi la plus haute marque d'amiiie de la part de la srande ll^publique comme pour raoii pays la prenve la pins certaine de la solllcilude de la France protee- tiicft. - Tanl en men nom qu'eu celui de la Tunisie enliei-e, jc VOU8 eu exprime toulc ma gralilude. 11 m'esi doux, inou sieiir le Pfesideni, de redire en voire presence inonenlhou- slasle admifation pour le grand genie des chefs el la \al(Hi- reuse discipline des incomparahles armies de la ll^publique fran^ee qui, grAce an palriotisme le plus pur ei le plus eclair^, out veng6 la grande mutil^e de 1870 el assure la \ icloire d^finiUve du droit sur la force Comme j'ai 6le lieureux de voir les troapes tunisiennes appeh^es au grand hooneur^de se batire pottr la France! Comme j'ai eU) fier de leur eonduite sur lea champs de balaille ou leur sang, verse pour la plus juste des clauses, a ete f 6clatanle preuve de mon loyalisme indefectible el le tribut de mon infinie reron- naissaoce pour Tceuvrc mervellleuse de r^g^n6ration areom- plie dans le tr^s court espace de quamnie ann^es. par la grande nation protccirice de mon pays ! Cette ceuvre. Monsieur le President, doui vous ave/ pii vou^meme constater et apprecier toute rimportance, s'esi realist gr&ce a cette circonspecte perseverance qui eann - terlae la diplomatic et radmlnistration franQ;aises, aiiisi qu'aux efforts ing^nieux des hommes d'elite que le (iouver- nement de la R^publique a places aux c6les des souverahis de ce pays. Elle se d^veloppem, j'en al la certitude, dans un espflt de plus eti plus liberal, au fur et h mesure de Tevo lution des itlees el de Taocroisaement de la prosper! te, miiis loufours avee le respect absolu des engagementn pris envers la dynaslie regnante, ainsi que des droits et des latere Is doni In Fnuiee a assure la snuvegarde. M. Millerand, repondaiit au discours de S. A. \v bey, prononce rallocution suivanle : En apportani a Voire Allege, ainsi qua son piMiple, le saint de la France, j'accomplis un double devoir de gratitude D'abord, je remertie Votre AJtesse du concours si appre- ciable que nous avonssi hautcment estim6, qnelesTunisiens nous ont courageusement apporte pendant quatre ans et demi de guerre. lis ont proove ainsi, de la fa^on la phis irrefutable, que I'union cntre la Tunisia et la France n'etait pas seulementinscritedans un traite, mais qu'elle etait eeriie dans les coeurs, c'est-A-dlre qu'elle etait vraimenl indisso- luble. Mais je veux aussi remercier Voire Altesse du eonconrs si loyal, si cordial, qu'elle a prete a la France avaiit la guerre, pour donner a ce pays le developpenient que nous admirons aujourd'hui. Ce n'eat qw'un dc^'but, Toeuvre a acc«mplir est si grande, qu'il ne faut pas s'etonner que pendant quarante annees les pixxgr^ n'aient |)a8, sur certains points, re|)ondu a tous les dc^sirs. I^ (louvernementde la Republiqneconnail la sa^^esse, autant que la loyaule de Votre Altesse. 11 sait quelle iie demande rion qui ne soil conforme au bien de son pen pie, pu meme temps qu'i Tinteret de la France. C est pour cela que les mesures administratives et politiqu<*s que udus jugeons utiles, nous les realiserons en complot accord daus la mesure mc^mc du progres des moBurs, de telle fa^on que 1a refofine r^poude h \\\\ pas i\^\h fait par le peuple tunisien vers 1# developpement des institutions, vers une meilleure utilisation du pays de protectorat. Ces r^formes politiques (*t administratives repondront ainsi aux v(pux de tons les hommes sages et conscients des reallt6s. Elle seront la con- s^eration des prdgri^s d^j^ accomplis. Je suis certain que, d'accord, denuiin comme bier, avec Votrt* Altesse. sur les mesures k prendrt^ nous conduirons ensemble le peuple tunisien et les colons frnngais vers un aveiiir loiijour*s plus prosp^re et plus grand. Je suis beunpux de 'renmiyeler en ce moment, h Votre Altesse, Texpression de gratitude sincere du (iouvernemenl ^■■■ de la Republiqne pour Ic cordial concours qu'il a touput's trouve prvs d'Ellc. ' ■ -^ -,"*'• .i A Apr^H la repoasedu president de la R6pubJique, JS. A. le bey lui reniet solennellemeiit la g-mtide pla(jue en biillants de TOrdre dU Saqg qtiieDm- porte loiiLr^e do M. Millerand dans la famitl^ bey- li(al«\ M. Millerand remei'cie en cestemiM ! - / Je suis ties sensible ^ la pens^ de Son Alt^aae fai«aiit enlrer, sous cette forme, le Pn^sident de la Il^piiUiqti«« dans la famille beylir^ile. Elle vent sans doule inokitter par \h que, dans sa Famille, il n'y a que les sentimeuta qu'eUa pro-; fesse, elle-meme, de loyaule et de d^voueoftent pout la^^ France. ^ n.- - Je n'ai lien eu a lui annoncer de nouveau, car diss Ic j- debut, eu arrivanl sur le sol tunisien, la t'luace a a3ia«(iiic6 *■ qu'elle apportail un Idi^^l de liberte et de |uitlGi^, celal * qu'elle a |M>rt^ |)arlout. C'est celuF^l^ qu'elle a oomiBiuiCi^ h 2 mettre en (jeuvre en tenant compte des r^alit^e qu« nous n'avous pas Ife droit de m^connaitre. >' ' ■ -■ .... j^ '-.'t:.^ ■■■ > ty MM. iUiiberti et Charon rcQoiveat le grand : ('i)rdoii du in(>iiie ordre. ^ ..-, ^^^ M. Millerand prend conge du bey. 11 est nB«(5on-'' duit h «a voiture avec les mimes' hoDnetirsqu'^ ' rflrrivee. . . ,. Le corleg(^ se rend ensuile h rhdpital civiLr ": '^ Au sortirde Tlidpital, le cortege s'arr^te plai>e de* 1(1 KasbaJi, ( on ire le^s remjiarts de laquelle est construil un porticfiK* arabe a la gloiro des eom- baltanljs luiiisiens nioris pendant la guerre. ;/',^, Lebey, suivide ses niiaislres etdeaesnonibreiix' officiers de la cour, vient h pied rejoindre le Pn8- '' sidentdelaRepublique. La garde bey licHle Tescjoirte . La foule acclame le bey et le I^sident. ^ -v- j M. (lahriel Puaux, secretaire g6n6(td de la r6»i- dence, fait, i*n paroles elocjuentes, realise du monu- ment h la inunicipalite. Le President et le bey se separent en echangeaiil des paroles cordiales.^ ^ M. Millerand visile Ihdpital indigene, puis il parcouri a pi((l les souks. Les niarchauds et lieur famille sou! surle seuil de leur boutique pavoisc&esft .. et prepaitM^s pom* les illuminations du soir. IDes band(Tol(^s niullirolores forment uu grand voile qui couvrenl les vo.tites de (m^s vieux sOuks coni- verts. Quehpies-uni^s de ces l>anderoles porlenl des inscriptions de « Vive le bey! Vive le President! Viv(^ la ll^publique I Vive la France I ^^ ,jr^j\ La promenade se ])oursuit pendant plus d^Une ' hence, M. Millerand (jui (»st en contact immediul avec le pi^uple tnnisien est I'objet do sa part de nianifestationsreiter^esdf^respeclueusesynipatliiiie. Le President y repond par des saluts. - ^^-^r-^-:^--' l>es cadeaux et d(»s fleurs sont remis, par lies marchands, a M. Millerand qui rentre k jMed (i la residence ()u il est d(^ retour a dix-sept heures- La foule lui fail ^ -•-.>■ -, / :?.'. ^1^: ■^li '^vV MP i"k»*^ VvV HENSfilGNBMENTS COLONtAtX V -"-i — ^. j:*'. \x : :<, ^r' ■»■■ 'T .,r. ,v*^ J ■X f .C^. MoDRiaur le President de la R^publique, Pour la deuxieme fois, au cours de mon regno, le privi- lege m'est donn6 d'etre h la maiBon de France I'hAte du chef de TEtat pi*otecteur. Onze aus se sent ^oou16b depuis le jour ou je ni'a88eyais h cette table, et ce court e8|)ajce de temps a ete marqu^ par une dea crises left plus tragiques qui aient 6branl6 le monde, Dieu a permis que la France sort! I victorieuse de cetle epreuve. ??^^ ' > ..^£ < : . En liiuii les destin^en de leur x)euple k. celles de la glo- rieuse France, les souverains de la Tuiiisie ont definite vement assoi^i^ la r^gence h la grandeur de votre cli^re patrie. Le rayohnement de son prestige nous ^'laire et nous permet de regarder avec confiance te chemUi de Tavenir. Je suis heureux d'apporter ici le t^molgnage que la France a depuis quarante ans fid^lement prot^g6 ma dynastie contre tout danger ext^rieur et int^rieur et je me plats h rappeler ^galement que les souverains de ce pays, observa- teurs scrupuleux de la foi jttree, ont toujours scelle avec empressemeut d^ leur sceau toutes les n§formes que le Gou- vernement de la R^publique leur proposait dans I'iat^r^t du d^veloppement mond et materiel de {a Tunisie. J^ai pieine eonfiance dans T^minent resident general que la France a place h mes c6t^ ponr poursulvre cette OBUvre de regeneration qui, dans le plem respect de uotre religion et de uos traditions, fera r^gner en Tunisie Tacte de la jus- tice. "*r:'-- ^'%-, " -^-'•.■s^'^:*i^'_-^..-sL "< • Permettez-moi, monsieur lo President de la H^pu- blique, de vous redire toute la |oio que j'ai eu k vous ac- cueillir et les voeux ardents que je forme pour la prosp^rite de la France, protcctrice de la Tunisie, ainsi que pour votrc bo uheur personnel. . >^^-ts^-^^^ Puis M. Saint, resident general, prononce im cliscours. dans le(£uei il dit notamment: , : , . vj .-^x. '*(:■«• II vous appartenait, monsieur le President, Aprfes vos illustres pr6d^ce»sfeurs,MM. Loubetet Falll^refl,de consacrer par votre vislte Tceuvre admirable de civilisation aceomplle par la France sur cette terre tunisienne. Lors de notre arri- v6e, en 1881, d'eniouvantes mines attestaient seules I'aii- cienne splcndeur de la r^gence, Tlns^urit^, les exactions avaient pen k peu detruit cette magnifio^e civilisation aral>e (lont Tunis avait et^ autrefois Tun ties centres les plus brillants. I^ pays semblait k tout jamais frappe de paralysie, quand la France r^publicaine est venue tendre k sa so&ur malheureuse une main secourable et, avec sa foi dans ravenir, sa mn fiance g^n6reuseet son ardeur au travail, notre genie national, en quelques anuses, a substltu^ la ri<'hcsse k la rois^re, la prosp6nt6 k la mine, Fordre h I'in- secnrite. ^ . - >.. N'a-t-elle pas trlomph^ par la creation des h^pitaux et des (lispensaires dans la lutte contre lea ^pldtoiiesqo) d^cimatent 1(8 populations indigenes? Mais surviot lagrande tourmeute qui a 6bmnl^ fortement la ruche tunisienne, laborieuse et discipline; la rache s'agita ct 11 fut difficile d'apercevoir la panache qui apporterait Fapaisement et ramiuerait I'onlre et le calme indispensables k lout iabeur f^cond. Grise morale,^ crise economique, crise financiere, crise de eonfiance en Tave^ir. tela sont les mots dont souffrent tous les pays et la Tunii?!^ plus que tout autre, en raison des condiUonfl polltiques particulit^rcs dans lesquelles elle »e developpe. :t^-. .^ >: La tAche du repr^sentant da la France est done particu- li^rement lourde et les probl^mes qui 8e posent d'une telle complexity, si on les examine dans leur ensemble, qu'une <^4ude r^^bie, patiente et sereine pent seule en faire aper- cevoir les solutions niisonnables. Certes des r^formes profondes s'imposent. Cependant, k considerer le merveilleux Edifice 61ev6 pendant quarante an- uses de protectorat, il apparalt comme Insens^ /de Jeter au torreut les m^thodes et les priadpes qui onl permis de les realiser. C^der k de legitimes impatiences en se lan^ant dana des Voies nouveiles sans avoir auparavant justement mesu* r^ les obstacles de la route, serait conapromettre h tout jamais les rfeultats acquis. La France est sortie victorieuse d«» tecriWes ^preuves de la guerre b^roiquement support^es pour lo triomphe de la justice et du droit et elle conduira la Tunisie, malgr^ toutes les diffieuli^ de I'heure pr^ente, '^- ^•■••^- .... _. v-«> ■'■': r ^ -t ,<^ «-^'-*» *«* -V- dans la voiedu progr^s materiel et moral, soutenue par %a foi profonde dans I'avenir de ce pays et dans ramitid recon- nalssante du peuple tunisien. ;- • '^ ■tr > ^ ■J Et le Pi^esident do la Il6publique I'^poud : *•"■%;- Le premier devoir du President de la R^publique fran- ^ise — et il ^prouve k la remplir un plaisir partaculier — est d'adresser It Sou Aliesse Mahomed En Naceur Pacha Bey , possesseur du royaume de Tunis, tous les voeux qu'il forme pour sa sanic, son bonheur, ainsi que pour la prosp^rit^ de son peuple. t^. - ^ ^ ^ ^ >.i^r r ' i , Son Altesse le bey a 6te, dans la paix comme dans la guerre^ Fallie le plus fid^ln, le collaborateur le^ius d^voue du Gouveruement de la R^publique, et je tiens k lui en exprimer mes ires vifs remerciements. Colons et indigenes ont rivalise de bravoure..sur toua les champs de bataille d'Europe etd'Asie. lis ont resserr^, dans la tnmch^e les liens contractus en Tunisie k Tombre de la paix fran^ise et qui sont desormais indissolubles. Zouaves et tirailleurs de Tunisie se sont mantras les dignes 6mules de leurs camarades de I'Alg^rie et du Maroc ; la reconnaissance de la France leur est k jamais acquise. - Scrupuleusement attacb^e aux principes du protectorat -^ qui en quarante ans a d6velopp^, de la fa^on la plus heu- reusC) le prosp6rit6 du payd pour le plus grand avantage du prot^t^ et du protecteur, la R^publique demeure fidele aux _ ';^'' engagements pris par le traits de 1881 et par la convention de IB83. Elle a pris « Fengagement de pi-eter un constant apppui h Son Altesse le bey de Tunis contre tout danger qui menacerait la personne ou la dynastie de Son Altesse ou qui oompromettrait la tranquility de ses Etats ». Elle tiendra les engagements pris a son 6gard. J'adresse un souvenir reconnaissaut el respec^tueux a ceux de mes pr^dec^sseursqui ont visile avant moi le l>eau pays de la R6gence. Je serai heureux, a mon retour en France, de rapporter & M. le President Loubet et k M. le President Fallieres quelle trace leur court paswige dans In r6gence a laissee parmi vous. Si la France se felicite hautement du concours qu'rJb* a toujours trouvi autour de la dynastie beyllcale, la Tunisie n'a pas lais96 6chappcr une oc^^asion de se louer des repi'esen- tants que la m^tropole a delegu^s ici pour veiller sur les int^r&ts de la regence et servir de porte-parole k la popula- tion tunisienne. M. le resident g^n^ral n'est que depuis peu de temps parmi vous, mais ce peu de temps vous a suffi — i'en suis sAr ~ pourappr^ier les eminentcs quali- ty de jugement, de finesse ou d'affabilite qui ont (lesignc^. M. Saint au choix du (louvemement de la Republiquo. Sll ne m'est pas permis d'enumerer tous ses prodiVes- seurs, vous ne vous etonneri'z pas qne j'i^voqne au moins les noms de trois d'entre eux qui onl laisse ici la marque pro- fonde dc leur passage et qui ont et^ h la fois cb* grands ser- viteurs de la regence et de la France : M. Paul Cambon, M. Stephen Pichon, M. Alapetite, C'est a Tunis qu'ils ont en quelque sorte, fourni la preuves des me rites qui art d'entre eux ont partag<^ nos emotions [>endaut la grande gueiTe et lis ont parlicipe k notre victoire. Cos epreu- vea traversees en communont rendu plus elroit? encore les liens qui existaient ici entre les minnbres des diverses colo- nies europ^nnes. ^ - > s Enfin, je veux saisir roccAsion de rciidrc a la division d'oceupation, dont le chef a 6tc Tun de>4 artisans dc la vic- toire, riu>mm4ige qui lui est di^. Les soldats de la France aasureut dans les r^ions desertiques, sons un climal tor- ride, la tJkche, parfois mde, de maintenir la paix sur les conlins; ils ont droit k notre plus vive gratitude. Apr^ les inerveilles conteraplees dej)uis le debut de «ion voyage, il m'a et^ d^ik donn^ d'admirer ici des specta- cles qui ne le cfedent ni en beaute ni en grandeur a ceux de la terre voisine. Les souvenirs les plus illustres de Tanti- quit^ B'offreni en foule k la memoire. . ., ^ Vous etes, messieurs, les hcritiers d une terre qui a un Ulustro passe. Instinctivement, on cherche sur le sable, dans ranclenne province d'Afriquc, les traces <*es l<^giens qui, comme Tont fait apres elle les soldats fron^ais, cons- /. •^tfe t:. 1* V; > » >*.'«<& ^^•■,^ '1. ■fc. -Uv * ■■.IR..., V .-'.^'•• \ "^ ' • ■ ■ '\ ■ *■ 'tr? >« -it. * ^-' -." '■'fe- ',,• '< i>' ■*«i*'j ^.*-. -: A ■ -?,: *r- ^ -i>-. ■T -_ ■■■1 . A J-^^^;:^'^ '-' "^ -.' ■ -r; .- ^ -^ % — 140 .- ^ ^ ■ y -ivS- * V- «..: • ^ ».'«C? •* . %**! KS •r,f^ "«•' ..^ . V4.*.t.,li, - j>i ^fi-»3#.i-Aljr'a*:iBiiA*'^ i&i^.. Ik-Wtsirj '^^ .»'i».»«l'-"J. •ii'j»«i» .. . V .- . « '•Vv -ilr-^ ^•^^Jhifii. •'Y'Ttit''' V- Bulletin du comite de lafrique FUA^gAiSE 'r 'f V » J 1-.'- - *' ■ ': r' \ N triiisaient les routes et Mlissaienl des villes. Les vestiges qui en subsijslcMil soiit iiuruii les plus beuux qui soieiil liii monde. Le Fniiivals qui les coulemple se sen I profoiide- nient 6mu par la vue de e<'s tenioins de la plus ancienn(* liis- toire, qui creent, entre eelle terre et la terre fran(;aise, un liea millenaire. Iai Tunisie se designe comnie un pelerinage d'art que |>areourent des fouh^s avides de heaute.' ElU's s'arrSleront aux lieux ou plane, dans Je silenet^et la deso- lation, le grand souvenir de Calbarge. Elles ironl coniniu nicr dans renchantement des ruines de Bulla Regia, de Dougga, de Thulmrbe Majus, d'El Djem. El en quilUmt la Tunisie, elle emporleront la vision d'une terre ilont le passe anhonee raveuir, , . (]ar laTufiisie nest pas une terre de ruines. Ce qui frappe, au contraire, d^s les premiers pas sur son sol, e'est son prodigieux essor. - - Sous le regime bienfaisant du protectorat, r^^tendne des ierres labourees a cri!i considerablement, en meme tenij^s que, par rintroduction des proced^s les plus perfeelionnes, les rendeinents a rheclare augmenlaient dans une propor- tion merveilleuse. La culture des oliviers a amene, dans des regions jusque-lk d'apparence d^sberitees, une prospe- rite admirable. Les progres du eomraerce n'out pas ete moindres que ceux de Fagriculture. I>a deeouverte des phosphates a donue [i I'industrie extractive tunisienne une importance considerable. Des mines de touti^s sortes ont ele niises en exploitation dans la r6gence. Je veux remercier nos' eorapatriotes de tout ce qu'ils out fait pour d^velopper dans ce pays Tagriculture et le com- merce, l^ar le defrieheraent d'etenduQ^ enormc^s, par rin- troduction d'industries nouvelles, ils ^e sont comporles en artisans efficaces de I'expansion fran^aise dans TAfrique dii IVord. Les aulres colons europeens, la plupart de not re race, ont et^ pour eux d'excellents coUaborateurs. J'ai plaisir a les remercier de leurs travaux et de leurs efforts. L'accueil que les sujets de Son Altesse le bey ont fait an President de la R^publique franeaise m'a profondement louche, lis n'ignorent pas toute I'affection que leiir porte le (louvernement francais, le respect sincen? qu'il [nofesse \youT leurs (iroils, leur religion et leurs coutumes. La recenle inauguration a Paris de I'liistitut musulman ^ laquelle la Tunisie <^tait representee par ses fits les plus illuslres a ele un nouveau temoignage de la sollicitude que la France porle a rislam. Depuis longtemps, vous le savez, la France elabore, en application de la convention de IHH3, des refomics adiniiii>- tratives el poliliques particulierement sonhaitables an leu- demain de la grande guerre. Par une, attention dont je le remercie, M. le resident general a von hi laisser au Pre>i- (lent de la Republique le plaisir de preciser ces amelio- rations. Certaincs questions se sont posees an suj(4 de la ('oni[)o sition des assemblees consultatives. La representalion (\v> diverses categories pent n'etre pas parfaite, encore (lu'cllr ait assun'', pendant des annees, aux iuteresses les nioyeiis de faire entendre leur voix et de d^fendre leurs interets Aussi bien, entre Franeais qui viennent de snbir cnscnihie les terribles eprenves de la guerre, rentente ne {K'ut rtre malaisee. 11 suffit de se souvenir dans la paix de la frater- nite des tnmcliees. 1^ form ale du Protectorat implique la participation, aussi et<4*ndue que le permet le degre de ciil ture auquel elle est parvenue, de la population indigeifc a J.i gestion des affaires publiques. 11 convient de d^conges- tioiuier I'administration centrale. 11 n'est ni uecessaire. ni dc^sirable, que toutes les questions se reglent a Tunis, et. par contre, le contribuable, surtout I'indigene compreixirait plus aisement la raison des sacrifices qui lui sont demandes s'il voyait sa contribution appliquee pres de lui aux travanx qui rint<^ressent immediatement. S'il ne pent etre question de conferer h cbaque indigene un droit de suffrage egal et direct qui serait pour lui comrae pour la Tunisie, dans Fetal actuel de I'instruction et des mceurs, le plus funesle des presents, Fheure est venue, au contraire, d'appeler les indi- genes a ^Miro, sous des modalites a determiner, leurs repre- sentanls a la conference consultative. Mandataires des colons et des indigenes collaboreront, dans Felmite union, au bien de la Tunisie et de la France. L'exemple des delegations alg^riennes prouve ce quTl est permis d'nttcndre de la conference consultative ainsi renovee. r ~ r . J ■ > ' Messieurs, je termine parini vous un magnifique voyage. Je n'en emporterai pas siuleinent une vision eblouissante mais aussi le souvenir le plus reconfortant. La France peut etre Here de son doniaiue africain. Ses fits, de Tunis a Casa-- blanca, ont ap[)orte dans Fancienne province d'Afrique et dans les anciennes Maurilanies, la paix franeaise, avcc les meilleures (pialites de uotre race. Amis et associes des indigenes, ils ont cnV ensemble des richesses nouvelles dont le monde entier est appele a beneficier. L'oeuvre que nous avons accomplie dans I'Afrique du Nord est -t- j'oso Faffirmer digne de noire caracterc et de nos traditions. . La France nest pas venue ici pour asservir. Elle a eu, de lout temps, avec le monde musulman des contacts qui lui, ont vain une comprehension particuliere des chc>^6 de Flslam et une symi>athie Ires vive pour ses fideles et pour, leurs vertus. ' / ; -^i.-' • Profondement respectueuse de leur raentalite et de leur foi, la France ne poursuit ici qu'un but. ^ ^-. : -^ >. c Sur ces rivages si proches d'elle et que la mer baigne du meme azur, elle eutend nniintcinir et d6velopper un foyer de vie on puissent venir sinstruire et prosp^rer les musul- mans qui peupleid toutes les iwirties de la Medilerranee occidentnle. La Republique franeaise remplira sa noble tAche d'dduca- trice avec Fentliousiasme quelle apporlc ^toutes les gran- des cenvres. L<' monde musulman pcMit lui faire confiance et poursuivre avec elle en toute (juietude sa route vers de nouvelles et grandes d(»stinees. ., ^ - Je leve mon verre en Fhonneur de Son Altesse le l>«y, h I'avenir el a la prospei'ile de la Tunisie. :^.-'' J ;-* Une Lrillantc receplioii suit ce diner. Son Al- tesse W l)(^y sr retire^ a 22 h. ir> et M. Millerand rega^Mu^ ses apparlenunils. La villo est illuuiiaee et presenle la plus grande aniniatiDn, priii(*ipalenient aux abords de la residence, oii les ecpiipagn^s ainenant les invites du resident se succedent sans interruption. Une grande I'oule se press(^ sous les inilliers de lamples eleclri(|ues des grandes artei'es (U des souks. U'elait en effet, auiourd'hui. nou seulement Tarrivee du PresidiMit, niais aussi la premiere joui'nee du lamadan. > ' Le 2S avril, le President de la Uepubli(|ue quilte a S li. :{l) la residence el. |)ar un temps splendide, au milieu des aechunalions des Tunisois, passe la re\ ue des trou[)es sur 1<' t)oulevard Jules-Ferry. Le g('Mieral IJohillol, connnandant la division d'oceupation, pres(^nle les troupes qui sont coni- posees de zouaves, lirailh^urs luuisiens et senega- - lais, (le chasseurs irAfriipu* et de la garde beyli- cale, d(^ delachi'mcnts d'artillerie legere, d'avia- ' tion. du train des e(|uipages. - ,-. S. A. le In V (u rive le |)remi(M' dans la tribune offici(dle. oil se Irouvf^nt deja le personnel de la residence, les minis! res. les [)ersonnages qui acconipagiHMil \c PresidiMil, le corps consulaire. Des spaliis gardent la trihune. Le President de la H6puhli(iue. dans la daumont de gala, ayant a eofe de lui M. Lucien Saint, passe la revue des troupes, 'alignei^s le long dc Tavenue. Des officiers precedent la Aoitiu'c. - v^ ^^ .- Leprinc(* MohanuiKMl. si^ondfils deS. A.le l^ey, est au milimi deux. Le Piesident reinet diverses f decor;dions dans Tordie de 1m Legion d'honaeur a ;^ des offici(^rs. notnmmenf la cravate de comman- deur au lieutenant de leserve I)epieri*e, grand inutile, attache ii la I'esidence genei\'ih\ Le defile des Iroupi^s a lieu ensnile. . - ,- Lo eiLsidcnt de la Itrpuhlique, qui a pris placet; \ / • — 146 - .A . "N ><.v "-N. • ..*^ ^ i#T». .■ :- b r- *, ., ... '' f f , / EENSEIGNEMENTS COLONIAUX dans uii fanteuil a ( olr ile S. A. Ic* bey, saluo les troupes. Celles-ci sont suivies des enfants des ecoles fran(;aises et indigenes, Gette revue origiiiale de lous les gardens el de toutes les filles de Tunis, de 4 ?i 18 ans, et de lefirs - maltres, est tout a fait clmrnmnte et provoque les applaudissoments. • , >. Fhiis les confrories religieuses passent. lente- ment, as ec leur^ longs 6tendards brod^s de toutes les couleurs, surmont^s du croissant. Le Ihesi- dent f^licite Ic general Ilobillot. II prend conge de S. A. le bev et se rend h la residence, oti il so repose une heure. Sur son passage, les acclanm- tions redoublent. Aprfes une visile an salon tunisien de peinture, le President de la Uepublique part, a 10 h. 45, au Bardo. -' ^ ' ' Le President parcourt les salles du mosee cele- bre par ses mosal'ques de Carthage et de Sousse, ainsi que par les antiquit6s grecques d^couvertes dans une galerie sombre, pr^s de Mahdia. Le cortege se rend au point de vue du Belvc^- \M^v^, coUine dos environs de Tunis/^ou un grand j>arc a 6t6 ani6nag6. Un lunch est offert au President. La municipa- lile de Tunis offre au l^rc^sident une serviette de cuir brode d'or. d'un travail trf>s fin. Le President reniercie deCetle preuve de fidelite qui vient du couii* f * , Surle cadeau que vt)us veney.de me reoieUre, dil-^il, jc lis eette mscriplion : u Oh toi qui detiens les clefs de lu deslin ! Le Sud tunisien. ^ • ■ ■ * Le train presidenliel part a 22 heures poui' El Djem, oil il arrive le lendemain matin, a 8 h. 30. Aprfes avoir visile laville. In Prc^sident repart pour Sfax ou il arrive i 10 b. K^\. La colonic francaise et europ^M^nne et de nom- breux indigenes sont ranges le lung du boulevard Gau. A- V ■ /. :. ' ,,■5. . ^ V -^ f ^ ) ." ■ JP\. . , -- -t s' .!^ . • -- ■ ■.■■ /> " • ■ ^ ■ .1 — 147 — 9 :^'r-^^: "trt^^i r^^,, ■; •* '.■ .^» ' vv- jivv :>^ :t / , .f.-i^ov,! ;*■ ■■? _ -t^'Ty-'inrT .■;7j^:v--»-'^(,,;.*fflwip -jr.^; ; \i;' .i»/'"^J7r'r;ffT. -'jO ■-T^FV' ' 1I •■• lU'LLKriN l)i; COMI'J'K OK 1,'AFRIQUE FRANgAlSK .>-:■■ ^^ \ . / Le^ Kpahis el cavaliers indigenes reudenl Its honneurs. Le President se rend h pied au conlrcMi' civil 06 onl U«u les receptions officielles. Dts acalairialioiiR Ivi's nmirries le saliienl a son pas- sage. Tlopoiidaiil aux v(i»ux de M. Ariiould, pi*esidt'iil de la laiHiicipalitr. le Pr^^sldeiil de In Urpnhlicpin (lit, noUiniment : En s'installaiil pour toiijoiirs tni Tunisie, la Fmiice ciiltMid lion j^euleinent ouvrif ai^x Franvais un nouveau champ ine lenips s'associer 6troiteinenl aii\ (U'sliiK'es (le la population tuiiisieane. CVst dans un cspiil (Tuniop ^troite, par ei pour le travail, que, je le s^jiis, vous IravailleiR ici ; je voUs en remercie au iioin de la France Aux r('[)i*esentants des indigences, le Presidcnl d6clun' : Vous ave/ raison tl'avoir confianoe dans les Inenfaitsde la France. Vous avez pa appr^cier ce qu'elle a apport^ depuis (juarante ans, de progres mat6riels et ftioranx ; ce n'est qu'un (If^bul, et dans les annees qui vont suivre, la France, pins rtroitement nnie h la Tun isle, fera tous ses efforls pour que son id(^al de jnsticeetde liherle soil mieux compriset inieux applique an MnMice de la population tnnisienne. Apr^s les receptions, le cortege prt^sidentiel. en automobile, se rend au quai d'embarquenient des phosphates pour en visiter les installations. La |)romenade dans Sfax est rendue parliculie- rement pittoresque, et par les grands burnous de laine des indigenes et paj* la richesse des decora- tlotis des mcUsons (^t des boutiques franraises, ambc*s et ]uives. et par rimportiince des installa- tions pour Tembarquement des phosphates sui- les cargos k queu. M. Millerand prend un tres grand inl^'Mvt ft tout ce quMI voit, tenant h [)areonrir h pied les souks eiroits. r Les indigenes ont prodigue h^s oriflamnies aux rouleuis frattgaises et, par di/aine de niillr. ils saluenl a gittnds cris le President iW \t\ llepu- blique M. Millei'and assiste a inidi, a la niunirip/dih', au dejeuner qui Ini est offert par la ville. Le drjeuner <*st servi dans les salles de la niai- rie. Prenant le premier la parole, M. A mould, nu noin de la niunicipalitr. Ic'^ve son veiie t^n I'hon- neur de S\. Millerand. II le reniereie du concoins (|u'il apporte l\ IVeuvre (ierott1pli(» a s/ax pour la gi*andeur de la Kranre. M. Millerand reporte le merile de ce^lte (euvre dans I'Afrique du IVonl aux colons frani^ais uni.s^ rtroitement aux indig(''nes. II leve {^n loute eonflance son verre h la pi'ospi'- rile de Sfax. Le cortege [)resid(H]ti(^l traverse* a nouveau la \illr en \oilures automobiles an mili(^u des acclamalions de tonb^ la j)opulalioii fran(;aise et indigAne et part, h 2 li. 15. pour Toul- led-Cheridi. Le President de la llepublique, sous la rondiiile du proprietaire, \l. Boucher, fils dr 1 anclen ministre, pai*couH la for^t (rolivieis. doni les allees ont des lieues de longueur. M. Mouclinr exprinie la lole des colorls de montrer leur onivie au chef de il^lat. M. Millerand fi^licite les colons du travail qu'ils poursuivent dans la paix et la sc^curit^. - ,s l/uMivre (|ue nous admiroiis, dit le Pw'^sldeiil, ii'esl pas senhMuenl tielle en soi, eJie [)orle avee elle uneinip^rlnnce morale gni ne li' p<6eiis, el def^ indigenes, ait nien6 a hlen une entrepfise aussi enoriue que cclle-el, (iu'elle sera ponraulvie dans cefl eoiidi- tions de seeurite. <*'est la inan]festalieau- coup tnoins de Fran(;ais, d'Kuropeeiis et d'lndigenes que d Algeriens qui sent ni^'s, soil de Fran^'ais, solt d'lndig^nes, ^oit de FalliaiK^e des divers elements de la population. Mais tons, par raceoutumance, [wir Funion, ont forme un iype nouveau etroitement franvais, (jui pnt(»s ses energies, de produire touU's sc»8 resBOuroes, (ienipluver a se re faire Ions les moyens dont elle pent dispo- ser. (1 est icette oin re que, sur le sol de Tunisie, vous Iraviiil- lez an noin de lo France. Soye/.-en feiieites et (In fond du c(enr re mercies Les voiluivs cuifomobih^s rouleiit ensuitc i line allure rn[)ide dans In direction de (labes. L(* cortege nrrivc* a 18 b. 30 4 Toasis de Gabes. don I la splcndcnn- de la pnlitiernie semble un paradis en coinparaison du desert qui I'enloure. La pelibM^oloiiie francaise et europeenne fait avec les indigenes une Indh^ rec(»plion au chef de I'Etat. le long des curieux cheniins sous les palmes, que horde Toued Gabes. M. Millcrannx-(i rassurent de lem^ absolu loyrdisme el de leur amour pour Jo Kiance. * . >* .: - \L Millerand h^s remerrie en repc'^'tant que la Ki'anc(» noubliera jamais la part que It^s Tuni- siens ont [)rise a la viclolre (^t qu'elle tie nf*gligera rien poUr les protT'ger, (H pour cfue leur nvenir soil aussi heureiix qu'ils peuvenf le soi^haiter. M. Millerand se rend an contrMe civil ofl 11 pi^f^^o - la unit. -.-^--.^_^-^-.-,^ ,,- — 148 — ^^ *.-^-,:- k-^ " : ■ >•.. \^ ^"-j.: >^ , .-< • I KEKSfilGNEMENTS COLONIAUX V, , Le 30 avril, le President de la R^publiqup pdr- cOUrt h pi^d 16 villg indiigfene de Gdb&s el reldurne li 11 h. 1/2, ^ Toasis oii Un grfuid dejeuner c*st jiervi, dan» le jardin du cliM sous des poivriets el des daltiers, aux branches dfesqucllos s>nrt)ule tine vlgn^ sauvsge. ■ Le Ih'f^sident du Cdnseil municipal porle un toast au I^»sldent. 11 constate que la politique d'humanite et d'amour de la France a conqtiis le coeur des populations de laTunisie, de TAIgi^rie et achfev^ la conquite dete coeurfe au Maroc. Le President de la Hi5publique l^^pond que le siroco qui raccUeillit hier lui a ap|)risi combieti la vie pouvait 6tre dure par instants cil ce pays et h (luel point nos colons oat droit au respect et k 1 admiration. Les femmes frau^aises qui acxiaptent ces ('preuves pour veair r^conforter les bons artisans de ToBuvre frangaise out droit h un res- pect, h urie admiration J)articuii6re.^ La politique romaine iHait une politique d'aitirance el de 86dui^tion. L'arriftre^pelit-flls de Gharlemagne, Louis 11, rendait hommage h la vocdtion mission- naiife de la France qui ne se coritefitalt pas de oroire et allait convaincre les autres. Eh bleu, sous des formes parfois dUf^rentes, c'est la ni6me oeu\Te que la France acccmplit partout, a'uvre de civilisation, de penetration. Ges indigenes, que nods tfouVons id, notre but supfAme est de nous eh faii^e Aimer et dans leur int^r^t comme dans le rt6tr0 de les- cortqu^rir d6f i- nitivement. Les paroles du chef He I'Etat sunt longuement applfeudics. Le cortege pr^sidentiel part aussilol api*« pour rile de Erterba. La population acclanii^ trfes chaudement le Pi^siidetit et la France. A 2 kilometres de M^denine, des cAvaliers att(^n- dent la voiture pr^sldefllielle et Fescortent au gltiiid galop. Les autres indigenes attendent le President place du March6, dotit les maisons h colonilades sont d^cor^es de drapeaux. Le Presi- dent serre les mains des officiers et des notabi- litis, puis visite la curieuse petite rille. Le cortfege presidentiel roule ensuite dftrls Uli veritable desert jusqu'au bord de la mer. A Bougrara, le Pt-esldent descend de sa voiture pour parcoilrir les mines considerables de Tan- cienne ville romaine de Gigthis : le forutn. le capi- lole, la curie, les thermes et le marche. Les automobiles suiTenl ensuite le bord de la mer jusqu'a Djorf , petite anse oix un appontemenl de bois a 6te construit pour la circonstance . En face, k une deihi-lieue, onaper^it les itialsons, blanches panni la verdure, de rile de Djefba. M. RenouH, t)ontr61eUr civil, vient saluer le President et Tinvite h monter k bord dun canot blanc. M. Millerand y pl^iid place ftvee le Resident general. MM. Raiberti et Charon, M. Dinguizli. ministre de la plume du bey, el les membres du Parlement fran^ais. Les autres pereontialites de la suite du Pre^sldenl ttiofilent sur les bafques de p6che. toutfes les efflbaKAUotliJ, remorquens par des cbalottpes, en quelquei^ minutes tfaversenl le detreiti Quelques Tachts et une cinquantaine de batques ft voiles blaticbes et rouges se llvrent ft des evOlulions. Gette fete nautique, favorifeee par le tefnps, est fort bieti reussie. Une foule nombreuse est massee sur la jetee d'Adjim. Elle afccueille M. Mill^mnd par un cri d(^ : u Vive la France! )> Les pi'^cheurs sur leurs barques acclament egalement M. Milletand qui monte en automobile et traverser Tile (In Sud au Nord pour aller au Contt*61e civil de Houmt-Souk. La distance parcourue est de 1!) kilontfetres. Le parCburs suffit pour faire appreder la richesse de ce grand jardin nu'est Tile Djerba. Les palmiers et les oliviers sent nonibfeux tout le long du che- mi^i. La principale agglomeration Houmt-l^ouk est une petite ville charmattte par sa blancheur, ses parterres de fleurs. Des baUderoUes soUhaitent la bieavenue an Presi ^- L .. / ■ ^ ui ' V ; "% # / V^ . r» <» H^ ^ » ^' !»3» . 1, 'w iixi%^lli, . v>'l I'* ' ■ f ^ vrr '•'1^' »■ ,*-T\,« ^¥,- A<' " . r'Vlr ^•^.•••'■^" »> ^",:t«^»^'>_ ■jj' ..-■'■''«^'r.-ic^7:»?', ]U"^LLET1N DU COMITK DE 1/AFKlQUK FliANgAlSE X. M. MillciaiHl dejiuiiir dans I'inliiuite, puis S(* repose et Iravailli^ iiiu rontrdle civil jusqu'a 15 lieiin s. L<^ pivsideiil de la llepublique pari a 15 hcui-es dc Houinl-Smik pour Gabes, ou il airivo h 19 h. ;{0, Le President (Hue au cordrdie civil el pari dans sou train, a 22 Jieures. pour Kairouan. M. iVlillerand, Ics niijaislres et loutes les person- nalites de sa suite aiTi>vnl, le 2 uiai, a 8 h. 30, a Kaii'ouan. Va\ sortant ate la gare, W cortege ti'n- M»rse ie quarlier europ6eii, dent les liahitanis poussenl des vi\ als chaleureux. (rest dans ua salon decor6 de tapis fanieux de Kairouan que les autorites et notabilites sontpre- seidei^s i M. Millerand. A <'6t6 des lonctionnaires et deleguos fraurais, se UeniKMit le bach mufti Si Mohamed Seddaui, premier personnage i-eligieux de la circonscription accompagne dii cadi de Kairouan, Si Mohaniecr AUaui, d'un<* delegation de nolaires arabes, d'une delegation des Cliorfa, desc(^ndants du Prophete. d(^s delegations d(^s Kloalifes (»l Chikb, d(^s deux caidals des /lass et d(^ Kairouan, de Tagence des Hal)ous a Kairouan. (jui gere les bieiis ndigieux el parlicipe it rcNilln^tien des nibs((uees. du cbeik des israeliles et du grand rabbin. ^ Le President r(Mnet un certain nombn^ de deco- rations. Apivs aN'oir travei'se le (jnarliiM- iudigrne, le President visile a j)i(*d les souks converts, oil les nmrchands lui reserxcnl un accneil eutbousiaste Le Pr^sidiMil arri\c' ainsi [i la grande nioscjuee. Les indigtMies. n()nd)ren\'. ponsscul el(*s \i\atsen riioiuieur de .^1. .Millerand. La grande i!nns(|ui'e esl r<*mai'quable pai sU tarad(* des Irois poi't(*s, par la foiet de colonin^s dc son siuicluaire. par les boiseries de sa cluiire cd de la niaksour?u \[)\iv oCi. se lienl le sulUui, el [var son minaret ('Icve. La moscpier du Harhiei*. on Ton arrive (Misuile el ([ui (d)rile li^ corps Nii^uere diui <*ouq>agnon du Proplieh*, est d'architui'e Ires (''Iegiinl(\ Dans uue grande |)laine sIIui'm' (l(*vanf la nn)s- (|uee du Ikirbier, le PiV'sidrnt assisle a uue fan- tasia. Le cortege remonte en aiilomobih* et pari pour Sousse a \{) heures A la porte dr la \ illc. le Prrsideiil s'arr6le a la kasba (jni seri de c^iscine au i® tirailleurs alge- riens. Dans la salle d'honueur du r6gimenL le President adiniir<* de trf^s curieus(\s mosaiques iw niaines de raarietme iludrumet(\ Les indigenes, masses derriere les <-liefs des c()ufrt*ries religiieuses |H)i'tard d(^ gnuids I'dendards attendenl le Prtisidenl. Devant la mairie, h* Presid(Mil est s^ilue pai- y\. (lallini. senatns si bieii eoinui. Votre CBUvre est une \r\\v Ir pi('vi(|»»nl d(* In Kepuhli(|ue. ' W \\\K'A t re< ar:rrNil)l«' i\v vous rcccvoir dans eetle antique deineure oil t'ur»Md dt'jii accurillis par le souverain de la TuiiisiiMieux de vos illu>ln> predrresseurs. Ainsi s'affirment (rannnM'u aniH'c Ir^ hens si rlroits qui unissent la Twnisie a la Frnuee Vous vcntv, dc parrourir jusqu'^ ses confins nieridiunaux la regciieo ct nolis avez pu y eonstati^r la belle (euvre aceornplie en moin> dun demi-siecle par le Protec- torat fraii^ais. Mes siijets. p^ir Irurs aeelamations, vous onl montre qu'ils siivaieut apprvcier les hienfaits de votre gene- reuse nation La rigueur du eiel a malheureusenient, cette annee. dmigereuseujeut eouipromis la prosperite agricole de la Tuaisie. Je regndteque vous n ayez pu la voir sous son aspect ie plus favoralde: mais en presence du grand d«gager qu\Mitrainepour la vie nietnede mes sujetsune recolte aussi insigiiifianle. jc ne puis Tu'rra[)iThfT de songer que, seule la sage prevoyauee de laflministration du Protectorat nous permeUra de parer a iv riMjUf i> sera pour roes sujets un«' nouvelle oecasion de ooniprendre que la France, m^re g^ne- f . 150 - 1 • . ■*w ./' V^^ :' '.r-r'i', ' HENSEIGNEMENTS COLONIAUX reuse, sail veiiir efli(»cement en aide a ceux dont elle a a$sum6 la protection. Demain, monsieur le president de la Republique, vous quit- terez ces mages; il me serait agr^ble que vous en empor- tiez le souvenir d'un pays reviving par Ic genie de la France et conscient de ce qu'il doit a cette grandy et glorieuse nation. - v * - y M. Millerand, re|)oiidant a S. A. le bey, a pro- nonc6 le discours suivant : ,y ; Monseigneur, ' ; ■ ■ -> ' Je remercic Voire Altesse de la bonne gricede son aw'ueil. L'expi*ession si chaleui^euse de ses sentiments a regard de la France m'a profondement touche. 11 m'est agr6able de cons- later que le souverain de la Tunisie reete fiddle aux tradi- tions de loyalismedeladynastieHusseinite et rend bommage en de tels termes a roeuvre accomplie par la France dans c<» pays. Je sais et je viens d'en faire T experience, que le concours de Votre Altesse n'a jamais fait defaut au repr^sentant de la France pour la realisation de toules les r^formes administra- trives, judiciaires et financieres, que le Gouvernement pro- tecteur a jug6 opportun d'introduire dans la regence, afin d'am^liorcr la situation morale el ^conomiquedesTunisiens. Je ne dout€ pas que cette reuvre puisse se poursuivre dans le m^me esprit de confianci* reciproque, pour le plus grand bien de la Tunisie. - > -v.^ - . . En rendant hommage aux combattimts de 1^ Orande fiuerrc, Votre Altesse a rappele les heui'es tragiqucs on ses sujets, freres d'armes des Fran^ais, out acquis une gloii*e iraperissable. lis ont par leur vaillance el jmr leiir sacrifice n»sserre plus etroitement encore les liens qui unissciil la Tunisie a la France. lis out droit ainsi a noire commune gratitude Au b'udc- maiu de la victoire, puisse la Tunisie reprcndre sa marche paisible et ininterrompue vers le progres. De ce soubait tfvs vif que j'exprime au nom ar sa presence ri sa parole a inspire h tous. sur la lerre afriraine. iiii sentiment de securite, de runfiance. indispensable au (leveloppement de leurs aetivites. ii la rralisa- tion de leurs esperances. » M. Millerand prend h son tour la parole : J'eprouve une reelle emotion ii peiiser que duns (jiiclque^ minutes je vuis quitter le sol de la Tlinisie ou je vieiis dr passer six: jours qui auront aree que je suis convaincu aussi qu'il faut que le travail de chacuu profite h tous, h tous travaillant ensemble sans di«LincUon de race et de religion. C'est la vraie clef avec teqiielle on pent resoudre tous les problemes. Pour mener h bien cette t&che, il faut que ton teg les ressources du pays soienl mises h contribution. C'est pourquoi jo roniercie M Reycondier / ^ i rV 'f.: > .^f ', .■ ' ■f-'-- ■", V r ^ A* 1 ^ : ."< •'' s v.! ■>. ■i ? V, > *. — 151 - /^ I ' «' : -' ■^!:''* ;*■ ':.L ./..iv 'j. ..V. . . v«, ■'OfMiskH..i Tl '> .' ' ^;j >v . *< lUlLLJKTlJSI DM COMITM DM 1/AFKlQUK FliANgAlSI^^ <1(" in'avQir (lemiiinU' ilr pivliM- moa concours [wjur (loniitr au port (\r Bi/.« rif* leg (lest i noes qui lul soul dues. Je i|e vQuaraiB {ms m engager par des proiuessdtt pr6iiiaiur^ii, Wk\^ je i)t' puis lue mtenir c|e t|t)uve|' p§rQ^^ciiMAlr en v^rU^, que i'v port luerveLlleiix soil quasi iuutilis6. Avoir un t^l port tU iravoir pas ilr porl (le cpmnu'ree, cVst la une ^ituQ- tion qui iw prul duirr ct la France' d'acx'opil uvec la Tuni- sie, nc [urmeilru pa« qu'aile 86 prolonge. Je sais (|ue, bi|r la fputt^ quM j'eulrev(^ii», sc drt^ss^M-out bieu (Ics (JifficJuU^s, i)ieii dps qlibtacic^^ umis a'est-ce pas pr<^(is<'m<'iil pour rhomme clairvoyant la plus l^elle tdiihe qui sc puisse o()iie(*volr (juc de metlre son effflrl a vaiiiert? I(^s uiite el a fciurraonler lus aulres par la forcf3 de sa volonle el de sa leuaoitelf - v II se peut aussi que eerlaiiis iutei-^.ts pi|||iag3ui 8^5 croire h ses par )e di'nelop^enieul du |>orl de Bizerte, q^is ceqx-lh (jiii, i^euNHre, se trouveront atieinU, se coiiveincrpnt bicn N ilc, apres quelques momeuls de reflexion, qua si la Tuni- sie s'enriehif, <;'e^l TAfrique ilp Nord lout eptiert% sans dis- liuctjoiK (|ui en recueillem Ics fruits. Ji' suis heui*enx d avoir jires de moi M. ll^lbefli, excel- lent minislre de la marine, poiij confirmer mcs paroles et a^Hurer que si, a eer(aini:> itiomenls, de8 j^eaistapceb, du^ Irietions et napme des floltementb t>e sb^I ppof^lujlb, eeji* i\v se re[M'(Hlqilli plun ear, a la rue Hoyale, on ue yeiit p^^ que ctda se reproduise. El ex'la ne se reproduira p^s pance qu1l V a en Tunigie un pesid<^nt general dont, depui« que je ^uis entre sur le lerritairf^ de la i^geuoe, jVmiendK fainu unani- meraent I'elogia et dnnl J ai pu ri|oi-m<^ine, ^^ counj d'enlrc- lieuH loiigrt el froqppuls que j'ai eqs avec li^ tjur loulejj les queslious tui^lsienues, juger les qualites pei^ eommunes, la largeur de vtn^s el la ferint* volonl^. ^ ' ^ Kn pleine possc^ssioii de la eoufianeo &ans reserve dn (lou- verneu)en( de la Hepublique, absqre dt* la haule estime de S. A. le bey, dont je suis heureux ile louer {a cojlabofalion utile el loyale a la Fninee, M. Lu('ien Saint jK)UPsulvrti avee neliide, en meme temps (ju'avec la douerit6 de la TquiHie, e'esit-a-^liru de la FpiUM*'' (I'est en rhouneiii' de son sneers, en I'^ionneur de la Tunisie et d(^ la Fraiiee el de leurs (b'stineeit unies que je vpnt* deniaiulu de lever wvec moi voire varre. Le Ihvsldent ot sa suite s(^ (iirigcnt ^\\^\'^ vers W point d'embarqi^eijient el prennent i>ftss«Ufe sye une v(»-(lette qui les (i)n(lnil a Y Kilaar-Quiuef. npouill<^ a I'entn^e du lac. A li hetires. \Edgar-(Julnef \e\e latere : le IM'esideiiL (lebtml siur la pii8i>erolIe, e}>t longue- incnf ot chnl(*ureub(Mnen( acclnmr i)ar la po]m|a- lion. inassc^e sue les (piais cju caiifil. ^ La pluie a eessi'. niais le veijl cijjUinue a spuf- fler assez violeinnieni de I'Ouest et la mer est «gi- t6e. Kn quelques minutes V Hd(jar-Uui)ieJ traverse je raual et M. MilleranrI vogue vers la Frfince. accoiupa^^qe (ies vciuix respaqtueufejiMUeiit wffeer lueux dt< toute la populntinn de la Tuiiiiiii*. A TAfrlqae franQg^lse 4u Word Avanl de quiller W sol de TAfrique- le Presi- dent de la H6pul)li(pie a aijrebse le luebJiage sui- vaut ftux eQlQRs fran(;ais el eiiropeens, auK popu- Jalion^i indig6ne». aux fonGtjonnaires eivila et (ililitaires du M^roe. de I'Algerie de |a Tqniiiii' : Hi/i'rti'. 3 n)Mi IWil Au momeat de qui(^'r n»>lre Afriijue ((q iMtJH), je veiu VQqb ^dii«^^ reif§f#«^lpn ^^§^^^f flf 1$ (•'raa^' I^le voqp ^Pi^tfii pap ma vc^ix so8 F^p§i^.iem§i^ des i^M'ifi<'es de toute nature qne \o\\^ vous tJles ftj ^^6- reusemeut imposen ^>epdanl la gueipe, sou e§upir i|e VM\o rescenee daus la paix de son domaine t^pfd^frioian. YOUR a vex n^pondu on u^ontr^nt les r^sylt^t? ii]|erv§illeqa( m^^^ius par votj'e Jpbeur, yotre energie, votre esprit d^ «Hite ^ii en saisis^ant ipntes les oecaubns de publier VQ^re 4(t#pbi$W^Ht passjonne ^ ri(l0§| de Ulier^s do justice et dfi progi^ qu'in- earue h vos yeux la Filuiee r^publicaine. ^ L^'s niinisln's, les uiembi\»s du Senal et de la Cbambre, l(*s repnisentants de la pressc qui m*apeoinp§^pt||gnl sei^nl, eomnie raoi, vos lemoijis. lis (|||-ontqpel|ea v|cl^ite de rExpusitiuu coloniale d<^ Mars^eille ofi le Pi^sl- dent a vu non seulemetit I'^voc^ation des Irpig rq- loqies nprd-africaiiK s qu'il venait de p^ipcPUPir^ mw» la prest^tation de tout uotre doHiwue «ola- nial. La encore, il a fait des d^clarationg qi|il ©ob- vient d'enregistrer, Au banqu( I fpii lui a ele offer! le li piai, jl g'es»t ex|)rime en ees termes : - . Voi(?i aue j'' bMpUe au terme dii long itiueraire pawHiurp ppur jKjrler le j-ainl dc la Frame aux JK^ns ouvriep» q^^i, \\^ nawiblanca'a Turds - Fran^^is, indigenes, ^urop^^a, qni^^ dans une etroit(' ji^^^iatipn -— accoioplissent a Fabpi de sivi drapeau une (eii\ n* dont il est i)his aise de sentir gjie de mmire la pnissaine et la bt^iut^. U Hp})ul)|i(|M(' u le |w(iiit comuui |«ci|e sont phis grandes encore. l>»s pro^'res tiinl acheves qu'en voii* de realisation pour le biennMrc (les pojHilations placOFtaHC^ de^ serviees ren- dus k la Praaoe par la H^^pnhlique eolonigatrice, pap un Eugafte Etifiiflae, par UB JuIhjj Kurry __^/%:^^--- Jamais, ep eff^l^ pe m plub eyiilepte |a ajces^t^ rfP faire appel a toqtes lea regspurees de pqtrp Eipptre eoleBiqJ, oiir la France qui s<' iK)Se dans rutjiisalion de ses ooloni«s II se Irouve que voire ExpoHitlon a, en m^mi) l^nipii, deux autrei< huti^, qu'i^llu attaint tout naturdlea)^nt. On ae peut parpoufir uelte EKposltion mfis qu'lmm^diatii^r iqept oil se ^^t^ enval^i du sentiment de profopde gm- tihide pwur les. hohirpes qui, h travers tajil d'ohstaeles el de difficuit^s out, dejmis oiuquante aus, dole la Fpjinct* de la niHjeure partii)^ de »on doruajue eoloniat, Cetle Bxpossition ii^U l>ar elle-mftme, un Mile iJ'|i so servir ellp-m^'ine e|lc n'a pas le droit /- Oui, l*ttt JuliB^ Ferry, l^tj Eugene Bljenne, les Paul Bert, loil^ iVU^ qui out ele ici et au loin li3s artisan^ de cette s[>ere n'eal-il 1>hs promis a notre l«iys lorsque, uppuyaijl spr le bloc des 100 millions d'hoo^ipes composant la France lolale. les securit^s qu'il reclame pour bi palx dunible du droit, il [wiurra, sans le seeours de Telran- fiw, alinn»nter sa via ec4Dnomiqu4i avec la substance nourri- ciferc lirec ine[uiisablaa^nl de se« prop^es ierritoi^s. II nVsl que de vQulojr celq pour k pouvoir. J^ Fr^ijc-e, Irop long[(Mn|)s, a meco!mu cette v6rit6 6ciatanie. La mise I'll videiir i\v uos colonies a subi trop de lenteurs ei trop d alermoii'na^nts. L'beuwj esl vi^nue da raotinn w^solue, puissante, sapis a^P^I Ai? grande re^elaliofi de celle Exposi- tion lie pent clesormais laisser inertc ou indifff^rent aucun Fraiirais soniieux des drstins iU* son {mys. Energie.% oapir luax, volonics, brai* et cerveaux, que ces forties aativas so dirigi(m1s que jiii fjFessf* poijr wqs colonies le progfaRynp de Itavaux publit:s et d'o^uvfcs socljales progos^ ifpiiCs un a« aux i-atificaibons du Parlement. ^^^ '■^''-' — - -i^-^- Je disais, il y a quclques scMuaijies, en inaugurant cetle Ex[K)sition, qirelle apporlail h ci* projet logislatif rillustra- lion precise qui en justifia les desseiR{> Bile eelaire deser- inais lous le» Frant^is sur les Wi^sibilili&ft d'avenir et it lorce nwliopaje qqe reserve k la Franpa rexpioii^tiep de son mervejlleux doraaine. 1.6 voyage pr6aidentiel ea Afriqiie du Nord s'eist ainai aohev6 on uue apoth^ose de notre demaine coloaial. •ifiiiiiitiwiW iL^^UiUii^iLLU.;. i|>|itttitlllf>|lttii|iiltl|ltlWi>| C '■''.. ■f.:r' I'IMMIGRATION AU MAROC OEPUIS LA GUERRE (1) Li' Commissariat officiel d'imqilgi^ation di| port de t^sa^blanca public un rapport mensual et un rapport r^capitulallf annuel sur les mouve- menta d' immigration et d'eini^ation au Maroc pap Gasa)3lancfi . Dans ce rapport ^ant coniptiis k part, dans Ip mouveiiient des voyag^^urs, les per- sonpes d6clarfint yenir au Maroc pour la premiere fois et celles declarant quitter le p^ys sans esprit de retour. Sans doute les chiffres ainsi obtcjnup appeUent quelqijes reserves. Tows les gens d^bar- quant au Maroc poitr la premiere fois ne viennenl I pas s'y fixer. II y a parmi eux des touristes, des charges de missions, si nombreuses ces demiers temps; mais ces personnes sonl derechef com li- tres au retour panni les emigrants, si loutefois elles s'embarquent d(^ nouvi mui a (Casablanca. L'equiUt)re se trouve ainsi a peu pr^s i»6tabli. On peut iidmettre comme chiifre d'immlgmtion stable et reelle la difference entre le chiffpe des immigrants el celui des Emigrants. Nous allons done etudier I'ipiiiiigration an Marqc, en con^id^- rant successiyepiQnt Je mouvenvent de rimini|?W- tjon, la nationftliti at h pfttegorie des immigrants, Voici las chiffres represent^iat, de[)uis i9i7, rimmig^'ftlion, r^njigratipn et lexredent dHmmi- gratinn QU in)migr»lipn reelle : y^ Immigratiua Euiigra'liDa luuni^ialion ret^lle 1917 1918. . 1919. 1020 1921 U<) mois) 2.716 11.337 I}. 379 l.ftl7 1 . 0311 l.iiH ♦i . t>93 7 . i t^8 7.2U (les chiffres appelient les nbservdtions sui- vatit(*s : J^e mouvement reel d iniinigration date de la fin de l^gnfrre. Aprfts i^t prejpif'ie q.rriv6e en piftsse de i9f3| la gU^rre a ralpntl le |in>uvpmen( de la colgjifsatipn c;t n'§ im^U^ au Mari>c ^\. \ . > \ .»". *- ; f •■• ^ '-■..ft- ' r^ «' «/ ■ / * . . t. » •■• ■\ ■■ - 'A "^• -v' • \^'-: \ ' -■,.. • -^ • -. ''".- ^ J . M , ■^ -:- V-J ■■•"■ • .' > " 'Ti. ■ ■; • ': ■ '■•^■•H ' ' ' {^^f ••..!V*W»-'-' ■ -^ , 7'*"1,^ ■-•.-■ 'i '-s t ■" J* ■ ', ■=*».- ■ -^L ■ »■ f t 1 • -k. 153 r '•* ' / <.. ,t' - * J*.'-.' : i«1fc. t.,. u .,* ^ J / 1* -M}*, r-;- ' iW^ 1 • !^' j^ ^■' BULLETIN DU COMITE DE L AIRIQUE FRANgAlSE au Maroc^ le> jeuues acliviles, liberties ilejj ilevoire de la i^iierre et iinpati^ntes de se deployer. Des 1919. \v noiiibn^ des anivees est triple par rapport a 1918. rim migration r^lle bondit d»* 1.611 a 6.693- soil plus de cpjatre foi^i da>^Qtagp. Bntre Ics aiim^> 1917 el 1921, la proportion peut sVlablir aiiisi : 1 a 5 |>our les airrivees. 1 a 8 pour rimmiirraliou reelle. Ainsi. depuis la guerre, le MariN . fover d'immigriilion des pays latins, a \"u arriv»M\ en moins detriMs ans^ 32.511 Immigrants. Et n niiblions pas que Casablanca n'esl point la seule jH^rte dentree du Maroc. C'est Ih un succes que n'ont pas connu si vite TAlgerie et la Tuni- Malpre res progres evidenls. rimmigration marocaine n*a rien cependant dune ruee vers un pay> neuf. Le Manx^ nest pas encore le foyer d appel irresistible ou se precipilent les activites des deux hemispheres, corame inclineraient a le faire croire des companiisons trop hatives. Si Ton ix)mpare le Maroc a des pays d'immigration intense, comme r.Vrgenline. le Canada ou TAfrique •lu Sod, la dfefference apparait saisissante. Mors que TArgenlme voit sa population augment^^r par I immigraticMi de 2 millions d'liabitants en huit ans. Texoedent dlmmigrants atteint a jieine le •"hiffrede 25.000 en cinq ans. AJors que rUruguay. inpins elendu que le Maroc, veil sa population aiigmenter anniiellemenl de I 125 par I'immigra- titm. celle augmentation n'esl. au .Manxr, que de Aqd^*^ Fra»r:ii> 1/700. si Ton adrnel pour IKinpiiv cherifien unc population approxiiiialive de 5 millions d'habi- tanls et une ininiigndioii rM\r inoyenne de 7.000 par an. C'est que le Maroc n'esl paw un jiays neuf, uui offi-e une tern* coniplelerneut vierge k Tespril qui oiii-e une lern* coniple d'entreprise et de rolonisatiofi. . , , Si rimmignition niar(>(ain(! n'a point le carac- tered'un nish mondial, elle pivscnle, t»n revanche, un caracteit* rassurard d(» slabilite et de regularite. Depuis Tannislice. la r^)url)e de rimmigration monte lentement niais regidierenient. Les chiffres de 1921 seront fiiihlenient, n^ais certainement, superieui-s a ceux de 1920. malgr^ une crisc^ economique sans precedent el les difficulty de- toutes sortes (|ui attendent rimmigranl, notam- ment a Casiddanra. II ny a point brusque melange de populations qui amfenerait necessaire- ment une rupture d'equilihre social, mais plutot infiltration et penetration : ce qui laisse au Maroc la liberie de son evolution originale. Otte impn^ssion generate de progres ordonne est encore confirmee, si Ion examine les chiffres de rimmigration par natioiialile (d par cat^orie. L'etude de rc^s chiffres dans le detail perrael dfts maintenant detablir quelques conclusions gene- rales. L'immigration marocaiiie csl en majorile fran- caise (1) et pivsque en tolalilc (90 %) latine. Le tableau suivant en lenioigne. L on consid^re ici les chiffn's glohaux dinimigmlion : EsfVl^H»l> UalifH! ivi: ... iSI8 . 1919 1920 !9il 10 111 > i.714 >oit 63,1 \ 565 soil 20, S % 183 soil 6,7 % !.99# — 67 5 \ 630 21,3 % 90 3 % 6.888 69.6 % 1.640 ~ 16,6 % ♦^21 — 6,2 % 7.06J 628 % 1.613 - 16,3 % '.027 9,1 % 7.193 - 63 :! % i.7iti ir, % 1.3t>0 11.9 \ ^ Ainsi. le *m»s continiienl de rimmigration est foumi par b France, et la maiorite francaise se maintient a\ec une remarquable constancse aux environ^ di > 2 3 du total. 1^ contingent espagnol diminne »•« 1920 rt 1921 au beo^*^*<^ du contin- gent itaJieu. de plus en plus iokponant. Espagnols et Italiens semblent d ailleurs se partager un pour- rentage a pen pres constant de 20 %. En tons cas. contrain^menl a a* qui se passe en Tunisie et ♦*n Oranie. la F"ran«^ a. dans Timinigration mann i^ine une preponderano^ persistante : c'esl par des Francais que se fait le peuplement europeen du -Manx C est la. en meme temps qu'une preuve de la vilaJite de notrerace. un gage rassorant piuir lavt'inr de noire Protectorat. In autn^ fail important que degage I'elude dt^ -tatistiques. c est que rimmigration au Maroc est suriout une immigration active ou plutdt une inmiiirrnlion de cadres. Nous ne voyons point ici de tri>upeau desordonne d'emigrants malheureux • t ^uvenl indesirables qui Aiennent debarquer >ur les quais de Xew-Yori et de Buenos- Ayras. II sagit. au Maroc. dune immigrmlion ordoonee qui se distribae reeulierement suivant les besoins du I>ays. Pamii les innnigranls. les plus forts contin- gents sont representes |)ar l( s directeui^ de tra- van.v. m'-gociaids el com inei raids (jui vienneid diriger la niis<* vn vaicur du pays. A rote de ces cadres, ce sont les ouvricTs dii bdliment si n^ces- saires quand on voil sVh ^er parlout des villes nouvelles : re soul. (*n outre drs ouvriers d'usine, mais ouvriers (jualifirs, lueraniciens el sp^a- listes, cadres sul>aHernes d'uiu^ nmin-* tableau suivaid tenioi^nc de la piv|K>nde- rance des cadrt^s (huis 1 inunijiration !nan>caine : A^rriraltears 380 GomBiercaDts et repnsoutajils ....... 732 Indiistnels el enln^preneur? . iH2 C>a\Tiers d u^ne. 454 Oavner? du MtimeDt .,75 I/on doil remanjuer (ii 1920-1921. Timpor- tante augmentation des ouvii( in d'usine el dw ou^Tiers de liatinienl. Klli^ (U>iTes|Hind aux cons- tructions de villes nouvelles o| aux fondations d'industries au MaixK Z 365 395 763 850 135 183 859 899 1.2^ t.l3i (1» Soot ocHiipt^^ pamn co nombiv des Al^rericu^ dongiiie e^pagnole. mais ce sont \h ■ • t ^ ' BENBBIGNEMENTS COLONIAUX ' Ddtts rimmigmtion de cadres qui nrend la dtree- iioh de h mise en valeui' du IVfaroc, c'est la Franoe qui oecupe, et de loin, le premier rang. Italiens et Espagnols, renforces par le» Pottugai0, fournissent surtout lo% ouvrlera du Mtiment et un certmn nombre de petits commercjants : Potttigeils in 237 244 128 313 414 83 422 139 Les Fran^ais lionnent la t^te daris Tagricullure, le commefce et la repr6{H»titation, reotreprise et la malti-d'oetjvre qualifiee. En 4921 (les dix premiers moid) sont Fi^an en mati&rds premieres on en produits tropicaux. On ne pent plus se demander, commc,auxviii* sifecle, le faia^nt les economistes. a A quoi sarveut les colonies? » On doit i^tourner la formule de Diderot : a La colonic existe par et pour la m6tropole ». En effet, maintenani plus que jamais, c'est Tuniou intime des forces coloniales et m^tropolitaines qui constituerout la veritable puissance 6conomique, sociale et militaire des peuples colonisatdurs. La m6tropole existe done par el pour les colonies. La Franco devra son rel6vement a Tessor 6coiio- mique de ses terres lointaines. . \i; . L'dpret6 avec laquelle TAllemagne attaque noire gestion administrative dans les pays h mandat indique combien elle se rossenl de la pertB de sea ^ colonies pour ses industries et son commerce ; elle > n'a qu'un desir : retrouver des terres & coloniser. / C'est pourquoi elle tourne les yeux vers les plai- nes moscovites et les immensit6s siberiennes, c'est pourquoi 6gaJement, elle fait une active campagne • pour subordonner son entree dans la Soci6t6 des Nations a la remise entre ses- mains h titre de . mandataire' de ses ex-possessions d'outre-mer. , Derni^rement encore, M. Gothein, ancien minlstre, d6clarait dans le Berliner Tageblatt que « le pro- bl^me de la restauration 6conomique du monde exige la mise en valeur des anciennes colonies ~ allemandes bien compromises depuis qu'elles ont 6t6 enlev6es h lAllemagne ». L^apport commer- cial des possessions germaniquea repr^sentait, en 1914, le chiffre int^ressant de 800 millions de marks. Le Reich a d6cid6 d'ouvrir, ce printemps, h Hambourg, une « foire coloniale » oil les ciloyens allemands prendront conscience de ce qu'ils ont perdu en perdanl leur empire d*outre- mer et pourront se fortifier dans Tid^e de Tobli- gation qui s'impose dans la politique do revanche > de faire une place importante aux revendications coloniales. Toute une campagne se poursuit outre- Ilhin, pour prouver que TAllemagne seule est capable de gerer convenablemenl ses anciens ter- ritoires coloniaux. , . On a publie ceS jours derniers, et fit grand tirage, un rapport du D*" Schnee, ancien gouvemeur, sur la pr6tendue decadence des pays sourais aux mandats fran^ais et anglais. D'apres cet auteur.en Oc6anie, c'est Samoa gui a le plu# souffert du fail du mandat n6o-26lanaais. La grippe a enlev6 un quart de la population ; on a n6glig6 de pourvoii* an remplacement des travailleurs cninois d^oim^ par la vermine et les s^vices : rint6rieur de Tile va h sa mine. En Nouvelle-Guin^e et dans les lies voisines, la situation est meilleure, parce qu*en vertu du trait6 de capitulation cooclu dans les premiers mois de la guerre, les propri6t^s alle- mandes ont 6t6 respect6es jusqu'en automne 1920 ; mais alors le gouvernement australien a d6pos- s6d6 et expuls6 les proprietaires, depuis il y a eu rapide decadence sous une administration des domaines confine ii d*ex sous-officiers. En Afrique orientale, les 6coles ont beaucoup d^^n^ de- puis Texpulsioii des missionnaires all^nands, de I'avis de Winston Churchill ; la 84curit6 a disparu, la population blanche est torn b6e de 6.000 h 2.206. n y a beaucoup d'Spid^mies parmi les Noirs, la petite v6roie surtout ; dans la r6^k>a o6d^ aux ^ — «5 — / ■ i> ■ \ <■ i' ' ♦> /.. .o ^S 4 _.:■ t; •*; -k'^-^ir^."; R* ••V v5i- •^ » *••■ BULLETIN DU COMITE DE L'AFBIQUE FRANgAISE au MarcK' les jeuiies acUvites, liherres des devoirs cle la j^uerre et iiiipatieiiles de se deployiM*. Dfes 1919, le riombre des arrivees est triple pur rapport a 1918, riminigralion r^elli^ bondil dr 1.611 a 6.693. soil plus de quatre fois davaalage, Entre les annt'^es 1917 et 1921, la proportion peut s'lHablir aiiisi : 1 ft 5 pour les arriv(^es, 1 a 8 pour riinmij::raLioii reelle. Ainsi, depuis la guerre, le iMaroc, foyer d'immigration des pays latins, a vu arrixM*, en inoins de Irois ans, 32.511 immigrants. Et n'oublions pas que CavSablanca n'est point la seule porle d'entree du Maroc. G'est \h un sucres que n'ont pas connu si vite TAlgerie et la Tuni- sie. Malgre res progres evidents, rimmigralion niarocaini^ n'a rien cependant d'uiie ruee \ev^ un pays neilf. Le Maroe n'est pas encore le foyer d'appel irresistible oii se precipitent les activates des deux hemispheres, conime inclineraient a le laire croire des comparaisons trop hatives. Si Ton compare le Maroe a des pays d' immigration intense, commer Argentine, le Canada on TAfrique du Sud, la difference apparait saisissante. .Viors rjue TArgentme voit sa population imgmenter par rimmigration de 2 millions d'liabitants en huit ans. Texc^dent d'immigrants atteinl a peine le chiffrede 25.000 en cinq ans. Alors que TUruguay, inoins etendu (|U(^ le Maro(\ voit sa population nugmenter annuellement de 1/125 par Timmigra- tion, cette augmentation n esl. au Maroc, que (l(^ 1/700. si Ton admet pour TEmpire chennlien une population approximative de 5 millions d'habi- tanls et une immigration r6ene moyenne de 7.000 par an. C'est que le Maroc n'esl pas un jmys neuT, qui offre une terre complelement vierge ii Tespril d'entreprise (^t de colonisation. Si rimmigration marociiine n'a point le carac- tftred'un rush mondial, elle presentc, en n^vanche, un caracter-e rassurant de stabilite et de regulaiile. Depuis Farmistice, la courbe de rimmigration monte lentement mais regulierement. Les chiffres de 1921 seront faiblement, n^ais certainement, sup6rieui*s a ceux de 1920, malgr6 une crisc* economique sans precedent el les difficultes de toutes sorles qui attendent Timmigrant, notam- ment a Casablanca. II n'y a point brusque melange de populations qui amfenerait necessaire- ment une rupture d'6quilibre social, mais pluUH infiltration et penetration : ce qui laisse au Maroc la liberie de son evolution originale. Otte impression g6nerale de progrfes ordonne esl encore confirmee, si Ton examine les chiffres de rimmigration par nationalite el par cat^gorie. l/eiude de ces chiffres dans le detail permet d^s maintenant d'etablir quelques conclusions gene- rales. • L'immigration marocaine c^st en majorite fran- caise (1) et presque en tolalite (90 %) Inline. Le tableau suivanl (^n temoigne. L'on consid^re ici les chiffres globaux d'inimigration : AlllU'L'S lyl7 1918... 1919 1920 1921 flO 11]. J Franrais Espapi()l*i Italien** 1.7i4 solt 63,1 1.994 — 67,5 6.888 - 69,6 7.062 62.8 7.193 — 63 2 % % % % % 565 soil 20,8 630 21,3 1.640 - 16,6 1.613 ~ 16,3 1.716 ir, % - % % % % 183 soit 6,7 90 3 t^21 — . 6,2 '.027 9,1 1.360 - 11,9 % % % % % Ainsi, Ic gros contin;j(nt de Timmigralion est fourni par la France, el la majorite francaise se maintii^nt aver une remarquaLle cxmstance aux (Mivirons des 2 3 du toUd. Le contingent espagnol dirainue en 1920 et 1921 au benefice du contin- g(4it itaiieii, de plus en |)lus important. Espagnols (^t ItalicMis semblent d'ailleurs se partager un pour- (Tutage h pen pres constant de 20 %. Kn lous cas, contrairement h cr qui s(^ passe en Tunisie et en Oranie, la France a, (fans rimmigration maro- caine une prepondei-anci' persistante : c'est par des Francais que se fait le peuplemenl europeen du Maroc. C'est la. en meme temps qu'une preuve de la vitalite de notrerace. nn gage rassurant pour rnveiiir de noire Protectorat. I'n autre fail important que dc^gage letude des sLatisliques. c'est que rimmigration au Maroc est snrtoiil une immigration active on pluW>t une iinmigrnlion de cadres. Nous ne voyons point ici de troupeau desordonne d'emigrants malheureux el souvent indesirables qui viennent debarquer >ur les (]uais de Xevv-York et de Buenos-Ayres. II s'agit, an Maroc, d une immigration ordonnee qui se distribue regulierement suivanl les besoins du {)ays. Parmi les immigrants, les plus forts contin- gents sonl representee par les directeurs de Ira- vaux, negociants et connnercanfs (pii viennent dirigier la mise en valeur du pays. A c<)t«'^ d(* ces ciidres, c^ sonl les ouvriers du bdtimenl si neces- saires quand on voit s'elever parlouf des villes nouvelles ; ce sent, (m outre, des ouviiers (rusin(\ mais ouvriers qualifies, mecaniciens et specia- lisles, cadres snbaUernes dune main-<]'(euvre que Ton iTncontre sur [)la(*e. Le tableau suivanl temoigne de la pivponde- mnce des cadres dans rimmigration marocaine : Agrioulteurs 380 365 39:i CommerQants et representanls ....... 732 703 850 Induslriels et entrepreneur!; . iH2 135 183 (hfvriers d'usine 454 859 899 Ouvriers du bdtiraeut :»75 1 .2't6 1.131 L'on doit remarfjuer. en 1920-1921. Timpor- tanle augmentation des ouvriers d'usine et des ouvriers de luUiment. Kile coi respond aux cons- li'uctions de villes nouvelles et mix fondations d'indusfries au Maroc. . , ^ (I) Son! compt^s parmi ce nombrp de.-? Algericat< d'originc p^pagnole. mais ce soiit 1^ des <'lcmPTits assimili^s. y — 15 4 - '^' r^ S ^ RENSBIGNEMENTS COLONIAUX Dans llmmkrttfcioii de cAdrfei qui m^end la Aiteo lioii de h mise en valeur du Marocy c'est la France qui oecupe, et de loin, le premier rang. Italiens et Espagnols, renforc^s par les Portugais, (dtiniisseat stirtout les ouvriers du bAtiment el un certain nombre de peUts conimergants : Emgnols -193 237 244 ItiUienH 128 313 414 ' Portngds ' 83 422 139 Les Fran^ais liennent la tftte dahs I' agriculture, le commerce et la reprfiMtitatioii, rentreprise et la maiti-d'(»tivi*e qualifiee. En 1921 (les dix preiuiors moid) sent Frtmcai* 78 % de» agriculteurs, 80 % des entrepreneuff* et induslriels, 70 % des ouvri(»rs d'usine. . - Ainsl, uae constatation pleine de promessea rdsulte des observationa ci-dessus. Alors qu'en Tunisie, les Fran Vi- •■ '--.'_ . / > «► J %7 -wir 1 ■■•4 + .1' ^t:'.r f ■< .'*!,=:.'- 'j**' ' ^1^' / - V.!V .w '■.^. •r'' -\:' ■ ~* *- _ :/>\ -i» V .*•- -Jr"; ♦^'^. V \ V**"! V K' y , .^, > . 7 . '■ -^^ ..■■ *"• 1 if d. T*..t ■ ^'^*ei^- Belgea, la maladie du sommeil s6yit. Dans \» Oiancnoun, pour la plua (pwide part confix an mepilat fraii^6, Ttieuvre sanitaire aUemande* qualffit66 de ^ gigantosque » par les nouyeaiUs; oiattres mdmw, a 6iA abandonn^e, foute de per-^ 8(mn6l; las dcoles aussi et les plantations. La population mancfne de travi^I et est pourtant acQAblde de corv6os etd4mp6ts. II en est de mdmi^ dans le Togo, nagu^re colonie module. Dans le Sud-Ouest AMeain, on a sans donte laiss6 ler colons aUemands, maijs supprim^ FScole alle- mande iNibliqpie) la vie ^conomique languit; les mines de diittiatii «— la grande ressonrce aupim^ vant— sont fenn4|es; le pAt dn Mtail a biussd.' La sitbatiOn est relativement bonne, les AUemanda 6tant lestAs. r Ge qni doit se lire entxe les lignes dn rapport Sdmeei> c^est que, plua que jamais, TAUeimignei seOil c[ae ratisience de cx>lonied^ est une cause d'iii- f ^i^kiirM pour la lutte^cononiique D y aunfaiti^s pnd)ant encore de la nteessite, ^et dii rdle Menmisant d'un domaine colonial pour rtecmomie gtfn^rale d'une nation, c'est la cam-, pagnc^ de i^pesse qui se poiirsuit en Suisse en larireisr de ut erfiation d*une «c colonie Suisse ii»«, Lea di£Rcult6s 6conomiques dans lesqudles se cMnAtent nos. voislns, le besoin d'assurer h bon ocmipte des taatidres premieres "pour leur indue-- tne, TinMrdt que pr6sente la crtobon de d6bouch(6s nouveaux^ out fait naltre Tidde de ooncentrer Tel- fort des inunigr6s suteses r^pandus un peu pai^ tout dans le monde sur la colonisation d un terri- toire colonial, lai Nouvdle HelvMie. La question, est trfes s^rieusement discut^e et le Bund^ organe rii offidel, poursuit la question de tr^ prto. Janvier dernier, tm autre oi^ane, non moins cmmu en Suitee^ le^SanAt Galkr Tayblatt 6m^ vait ces lignes fort int^reasantes : ^ . l ^Le scmfOe de naUonalisme reafore^ qui passe en oe mo* meat Asns le monde-, a^de VvfCa mkut de Taiitear de oes riflnions, sosciU Ymte de raotjuisitioii par la Suisse d*iiii domaine ooloiiial. Notie ccnnpatriote kl^tranger fait remar- quer que, partout le monde, il y a des Samses 6parpUKs qui oecope&l des posies de coufianee et qui peovent S^ leow- nabsmts de Thospitalit^ lecoe, mais nterunoins, on ne sau- imtt se pUdndi^ si les nalioiiaux ocmsidirent les Suisaes oomme des importans et des concunents. Plurttenli^raneot, 4 llieare pr&mile oh le manque de travaU est g^n^ral, la posltioii dM Suisses k T^tcang^ est dif ficUe. L'aoquisition d'one ooloiiie anient natnrdlemeiit lieu par voie amiable et la questkm oil, qiiand et c<>mment deTiait Sire examinee avec soin piur des tedmiciens. L*anteur du pi^t ue Yoit nul empteuement veuant de T^tranger, si la Suisse, appuy6e sur les innomlwables services rendus duiant la guerre, yonlait obteuir quelques compensations. Quant au c6ti linanci^, il sembte au dit auteur que nous ne pourrons que i;agner k coutracter une forte dette qui abais- sendt noire dhange et nous procurerait en dehmige une valenr prodnebrice (foumiture de matures pr^nitees, aefr^ ▼it£ l^us grande du ooBuneroe et de llndostrfe). ^ Rons ne contestons pas que cette id6e prfeenterait des avantages impcMrtants pour notre pays et nous admettcms que la Sobse, par une volont6 ferine poumdt rfiaiis^ ee projet IaAA ^ QODS dmic la pens^e d'fearter ceUe idie m priori.., TouteMs, 4 la lumiire de ce fait (la vague de nationaUsme) fl y aniait qoelques dangers, car on seia d'ao* cord, nrquoi n'anrions-nona pas le eokoi idlMal L'ao- tivi^ snisse se constate un pen pattout dana nos colonies. Pour un Stiisse/ et cela se coifiprmid paifaitement, le fameux choeolat aa. kit scasa Men meilleur s'il est fait avec des caeaos de la Noavelle Hejb^^! ,^ BfAumcB Bmhmi* ,[ W, ''^X kt. .i T:.>r ^.fc. BIBLIOGRAPHIE '*»: H Un voyage de H . Albert Sarraiit, ninlatra * Le (Sirm9i : J. Lsanjum. VFT- vw- ^A * • -*. H ^ - '>»■ ,,. — •: . : ^ Vi f" 1: ;v - ^*s. :>' '" \ 'A- ^. -s.-vl ■y •-V: ■:~ . J t-j' 156 — 'Si-* :y ^^^ iii»* <-".-■ t .^-"-Y^-- U\ / # # No. '' LJ^-^^ ^-'-^ '^'-^ — AMERICAN CONSULATE, A^^ -■A.. --( r ;c. nil. «^ "tl JL V _L *^ . .*. J »^ »w • ■c/ rj e v:- ^3^^ Bet ^70 en ^ dijcI ' oi Oil <:C . -'lO^t Ei^iX-lil of .l^'^TCO. 0! ,1 _• ro "-aix.in • The Honorable ETARY OF St ATE. at oF 5l. HINGTON. i.MVISI' e..<.l3ile" y.OriOr t of t . -^ < u .r^ -.-« V -r. ^ U in ■ L*.-.-. o t; rc'icr 1 ■> o p v., lU ■i-rt J^ tx..e coi^ci'^cion o: _1 J • . • 1 : t - 's^ "U Oil L I oetv/eoxx ^ - --J - or t].e ~ f^rtltifCii u f s ne ^0111. ■- i- jns i.d- UCC: J - '^ ^ -♦ ro sVSf » i ■ f- ' ^ --- f ^ ■ --x-% . ^ «w*. . —_-^ "^"^ ^ent to t::e Dei3crt::io:it dth my or:. /:in:.l ' U^ v^ w_' <^ c:e^ c ^' \ r- * ■ .-^ 1 *w — , U-c^ -- o c '' • ". \' ■ I ■ . - • -' /^ - ■J r:; :lj')\ C ''■ T ^ -T ■'i^i u iTi O- r ■\ - " , p -, ' - to rocket:. i::i;.ie .- .*, >>,*. u' .^- 1 -- to -OOOx.cO ■n -v_-» ^ S^, lie 3 vSeemed uest '*. j subioit _Uu • n cOj-O^ooora uive o Yioence ^ -1 oe on o.Die «- y out U J N^ • c1atio:.e>I a"!, the ;^. L.I xon t L iS t'j -.^.ve "boon do connected vith the -^OllC L L. U -. - ' ^ . vL_ ' f ::i 4. - La > -^ -I -1 *^c e; t;^^ TO :io or - u t o ene ' ! con' i cOons « T ft "V "^ rl course Oj. oho oi these converted ion 1:.e cueiji ion. r^*- /v.. A. -L_ ■-*-** ftr\-^.' '*^'''-••-•' ' -.0.* .«-••-. !■«»*«>»■ •'"•*'' 4-- *;»»•' i.-KSP'? ■:;f^^WBW^**wfciwB!tt3R*i-' , iJ-jJ^iflMliili I M... , . ..isi. into spheroG of influence. I^oughlj their limits as given "by Llr. Bethel correspoiid :7ith those of the map. ^Jhe notal)le exceptions are the omiK:;sion of the neutral zone around -c^dis Abeba, and of the south eastern Italian area. He also believed that there ^:/as a >?.econd British zone extending in a strip from British iiomaliland to Uganda. Ihe ;veight of the evidence seems to indicate ij.orne definite agreement v/hich, however, is for the time being held in abeyance, because of the military and inane ial difficult ie s , but oon as a good opportunity ( presents itself v;ill be developed into an active program. .•'ith the exception of the iTench and Italian Vice Consuls, the natter seems to l:iave been hept secret from the local residents, -t^he -*rench Vice Consul in • particular is growing more and more positive that a parti- ta* ion will occur in the very near future • I have the honor to be. ^i^t Your obedient servant, ?ile x« U . 800. r Copy xor Ainericai'i ^^ibai-sauor, xjonaon r ^op7 Copy _L Oj. x^me r i c an -umb a;? s ad or , or -cxmerican -^^bassudor , aris c^ --•«*46w.*i^V- '. ■- ..«dt-v')*i'l!^- » ^ ^' "v. * •* U^ • * «. '■>.:' ftoc'd. AIMS Ji 1922^ D00U i .^...-/^ :l^^ Vj^ I'o. 407. 1' o:i ::ir '^zck:'2ARY Ai;"!) iKH :«: 3T:c:{::'Zfi.3Y* Tiir Honoraole HO:^:, Jiay 27, 192 ^UUck UKTIU 80/^ f ■Jiie 3 'J ore tary of ^ tatc , ac3iiington. -J ir: ■/ -o r f lb ith ref-'^rMico to Dc :)art].if:nt' G Instruct; ion i:o* 201 of J ;■ 12, 1922, re.^^ardim^ previo.:c Go:Te3^;o:idonco iDGt.voen trif Department and til is r^ip.bassy as to the ruinored propos^^d oartitionincnt of At)y3sinia, I hav<" the honor to ciiclosc- :iere- ith copy of a i:rrnorandTiin iTiadf for rae "bv t-y Co-'ani3olor of the ""niliassy, rcportiii^; tJK^ irabstance of conversations •y aiich. he has /od on tiiis su"bjcct • ith the British AJt.ibasr>ador and v;ith ail official '^-^. t .c Itr.lian rorci^n OT^fice. I have th- iionor to report, i:i this cormectio;! . tiiat the connnui'iica- tior. to .i^,llor C>^uarir;lia of a copy of the IX-partL^riit' s i; o te of Llarch 20, 1 999 ate •/ -^ t-/ • IXVHWMBW ^^ ..jr^'* ^ "*&.,■ i o - 2 - 1922, to tlie British Ambassador, in accordance with the third para- graph of your Instruction under reply, was much appreciated "by the official in question. It is noted in this paragraph that the Depart- ment states that '♦The British Ambassador, that is, did not inform the DexArtiiient that the French and Italian Grovemments Ixad agreed to the importation into Abyssinia of this siaall consi^jninent of arms from the United States." The fourth paragraph of the British Ambassador's Note to the Acting Secretary of State, dated Febrxxary 25, 1922, begins as follows: 'Tvas Taffari iias, hov^ever, been endeavoring since April last to obtain permission to import the consignment of American arms to vdiicli I ixave already referred. The French and Italian Governments have agreed to their importaticn. Fis LIajesty*s O-overnment liavc not 7ct ac'r^ed b^at have the matter i^ider consideration.'' I have the- honor to b<^: , Sir, Your ob<:^dirnt servant, For the Ambassador: ;'-'■ € &■ :r^ \^t{ v.; : ' • : ; 'K.: r>-i i rnciosurc: I i A dopy of llcmorandum. ri ».'.. ,-V".J 1^1 "J IJ ..I 1 , »* . -^--t- . g f p w * ^*''^^r •*^;it-!![i.-,'S!W'**3f», '-^?r4" :'■*,■.• mB« RAi4r, 4^ BT* ifat« :?:■? KtlOlAISOl Hht tiifclgg ti aiv ff tt IM tili •tf •f tm te if VY: m '■■ -if '■■■■> I - '■£' -si^ •19 tt • if i>ttkii % 9i ^^m 2^|^lA(M|| iMlAJI fen ^ MV fMlA ttai faiti lOift U tf •tUl fimiitaMit tf to 8i» • I «* • ft 1 1 1 l» Aftei 9 1M% aa#M fet fwMtniy jK %• ttt ttM tti IvIMtfltMU 11 V ti ttOy* to «ito ttf HM •r mi» m tto* It •U ## vhAm^isUmi 4i lii ttolAMHn Ji»» itoy iMiiil Mvi »f poitotoi «r vW VmiD v9P Vv wiMC tiUMto Ma nm ttto. to toii > '^ ^ > .^.' i t' ^iP^ warn* mur« i^ •?« ifit. ■ SMOHAIVVM AMP •MlMbM ti Biv iMnlA iUMcAt to fitf Ifel BImI It lilt 18 H^ fti •i •r itu te ..J J" M # a •A' "■3 ■r tittlBl9 IB #AIm% UmI tf lfe§ BvAwtfl HH t%llXlMM isalA %i V 8lB iMftA IB m BuIBi HMqf «bU b^ •lUl f«iftX I •# Bto • Minf SlMl^ls I 4 iBt ClB t I MM % vMMM to i0m zuiim Aftei BMli Bl iBm A w vB^ cCBMM vImB I IBM Iki irtltBil bBW il 9mw U IlB]y« ia Bill* 9i Ibt •ff mS» Bi BilB S * IIM il BvtMift guml toto bU •# iBnlfBlit fBVitWit bIaIb IBBl BiB IBi tiBUlBBJiPi* B«i »f poll tin If B» ^^BmiC tdBMIo hla 9t IBi Wtm BtlB* Bi BbBB 7V>} > -> • - tan^t ttat 1% ti* IfiUili Tialnft tt •# 9i |p^^ 1^ ^^^* ^(bBBI^ ^^^B^^K^W^^P ^ 4W ^p^i^^^lBMBW'^iB^ tittt ? «N ytttitilin iwpgr sliwtir* l«l fk»« td»i» it. fMlffliMi •# • MV%it&M^ I M^ ftiA tliit Itr HI— n MM f«ltt flttUy kU trtitUjr witMrt %• mttiumim avwiii«i ^ -0- o \. x^ e> t ^ ■ i^**XK . ''5^- i^ EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA , A I r, ^' ,' I ■ >, , / Vl'/- c ^;,' 1^0. 443. If f I r- ^■j f L ,/■■•■-; J, 'i^iij^ f* T 'i' vy. aOIE, Jejtember 18, 1922. .♦^J)^' y p^vv^nMVw*'^ Dt-. ).:.!■ -j-nei-.r- oi-ota^. . \Q^- ' . » ■ r. 1 / ^ ' i''^ » ,^ ^_ i- rhe Hoiioraole i i Division .-. \-i^\Vr^\ dr l! FconomK: Information A- ■ •f^t^: i^- 1*^ ;jecretary of Jtate, V/ashington. ^ t • Co 1^^ oiT: A i- v.: i % Advertin.j to jrevious oorrespoiide.ice in regard to tlie ruinor of a "orojosal to partition Abyssinia, I i:iave the honor to report tliat the British i'uv.bassador states tiiat Ziie iie^'otiations in regard to Jubaland liave be^n held up ov.'in^' to Italian deniands that a. large ^ice of additioinl tein^itcry be Jianded over t ) ther.i, as 'v^ell, and because of Italicm pretentions in rei;ard to hydro-electric resoioroes of the Blue hile. He said that these deijands had incensed the Colonial Office in London, who are na.v disinclined to do rniything for the Italians at all; and he added that the presentation of the dOLir^.ds by Sii;nor De Ilartino at the British Foreign Office had not ~ \ he Ipe d ■\ ■ -J ^^% • ii . V ■<•,., '^' ^ ' ' ' ^''■mii *li y '1 V' / - 2 - € ielx-)ed the Italian case. It is well imov/n tliat Signor De llartino is not ioopular in iondon. [Hhe Department will remember tliat lie v;as trans- ferred there from Berlin, and came to London v;ith the reputation of '06 ing a strong pro-Gemian. Previo-js to the post in Berlin, Signor De llartino iiad Ixad only a political career. The popular llarquis Imperiali, foriiBr Italian Ain"bassador at London, was removed to malce place for him. I have tix3 honor to "be, Sir, Your obedient servant. Por the Ambassador: F* !!• Gun the r \ ■•|4'H*;-:^«>'< .>»Vs> »^ ««.»^f:i«*.-Vjl ■.-•^TT*fitrf. -A.:-v •»-"f-v-» "'.^i^. '~ -iSt- AlC*^'./^ -\ \ 1 I . ■. . / No. ^ 33. ->. ' AME^CAN CONSULATE Aden, Arabia, September 29, 1922 .,,i*««««T* " y 1 Subject: Political Conditions in Abyssinia. The Honorable '-•>% r "-.r:i:NTui The Secretary of State, wi ,'1 / / K-^ iV 'Washington. ♦ .. •- «•! Sir: r have the honor to report that information lately received from Adis Abe ha, Aby ssinia, indicates that the internal political conditions of that country are again disturbed. It is reported that the son of Dedjazmatch Gahre ^o g Sellasi, who was recently appointed to govern some parts of Tigre , is the cause for the present trouble, and no one can say when and where it will end* His appointment as governor, it is stated, started a revolt, and several of the governors of the nearby districts organized their armies and marched against him. A battle ensued, which, however, was of short duration. Owing to the great discrepancy in numbers and equipment of the opposing forces, the eon of Dedjazmatch Grabre Seiiasi was beaten, although he escaped unhurt. He is now supposed to be preparing a new army, with which to take his revenge when the rains abate and permit the further movements of troops. i'his Consulate will endeavor to keep in touch with political conditions in Abyssinia, and any developments in ;■ i / , ■ ^ / ^-^. If J 1 ;.<-,>»ir*4'*r;ffiiBB<»- m ^H't' army of about 12,000 soldiers, under the leadership of a local chief, ordered them to proceed to the disaf- fected sections and punish the rehels. '•i-'he retels, who had "been expecting the attack by the iias and had well gauged the strength of his array, got together enough soldiers to outnumber those of the -^as, and as a result, after a little skirmishing won the battle and captured all, with very few casualties. The defeat thus sustained further diminished it. ne.vs was received on march, which confirmed the com- mander's expectations, that the rebels were the so-called antl-Tafari or the i*Iohamme dan Abyssinians, v/hose aim it v/as to try once more to eliminate the Has in order to hring about the return of the deposed Prince Lij Yaeu, the lawful ruler of -^hyssinia. Under the circumstances, and in such cases the -^ing is supposed to he present at the battle, and word v;as sent on to the Has asking him to join the army* '-^he ^^s flatly refused; the commander asked that in his absence, his Hoyal tent should be sent, v/hich is also a custom arjong the Abyssinians, but this he also refused to do • xhe refusal of the Has annoyed the oommanderto such an extent that it is reported he returned to the ^cUeen wl tii the advice that Prince Lij Yasu the already waning power of the i^as, who had no alterna- \ tive but to request the commander in chief to tal:e action I against the rebels, under his personal leadership, w'ith a strong army he departed to attack the rebels, and having I come close to the enemy lines ordered his men to camp un- | til it was possible to find out who the heads of the rebels were, and any other information of interest connected with i' -3- lij ^u^iju, iucluc'.li'.g; rioney , i:OlC.^ etc., '.vhich ci^:ap:;'e::ire(i juct before his ooijosition, v;as left in the pOL^se^sion of the iir::i of "^# ^-1. ^^ohainme dally C: Comimn;:. It is ..l30 reportec" l::t-t he lias no v Lshed the firra to get the accounts into shape in order to save time vvhile tc^hinr over c].ar,^'^:e. I have the honor to "be, ^ir, Your obedieiit servant. \ ^< -^a^^oxE Davis -unerican Consul • f'ile h'o . 300 • f i i i I Yasu be recalled, because already the majority of the soldiers v;ere in favor of him. -approval was obtained from the Queen and it is reported that the commander 5 is returning to where the rebels are, in company with the former prime minister, h'egardas hailu CJiorg-is, to end the ouarrel and to bring :vith them Prince Lij Yasu, In the meantime, has ^fafari appealed to the British ^.^inister for help and it is reported that arrangements have now been mc^de to send reinforcement froin the oudan frontier. ^rom all reports it is certain that Irince held Lij Yabu iu in gre<>.t favor in .^byssinia, not only by the '•Mohammedan Abyssinians but oy several of the Christian soldiers i:tnd high officials, und it seems possible that he may regain his tiirone . l.'Ggc.rdas hailu ''iorgis is so sure thut I'rince Idj Ya;.u is going to succeed tiiat he huii openl." u:;cl'-rc>-l th^-.t ..11 property belonjiu^_.' tu ^xiiioe \ \ -* ■f^^.'i. o-'^^^^M^ '■( MAY 3 1923 6^^ APR 26 j/3 'li o:^!) I I /--. < . i 'l-' \-^ CM F » <,"? OH THE SIPUATIOH ABISSIlfIA ^APf^l ' lS2a From Consul Coert dnBoie, Port Said, JSg3f Pt, - (c^,^^^ Prepared March 14, Ualled: 5 IVMV.. *'A / ■I^H« O: (Hote: The Amerioan Taoht WISIXM II errir^ In Port aaid on liaroh 8, 192S, and is now undergoing repaiXv^ Kerriam » Cooper, 4a -Amerioan UaMsine writer, who ifith ether members of the party spent a week or more in Addl^ Ahaba, the oapital of Abyssinia, gave this Consulate the following Information in an interview. It is realised that this territory is in the Consular district of Aden and that maoh of the same information has iindoxibtedly been furnished by that Consulate). QOTBRNICENT Most of the power is aentraliied in the person of £as Tafari, the Prinoe Regent and Crown Prinoe. There is no form of representation and even the Cabinet Mlnistexfl_ haye little real power. Little is done in the Kingdom without the personal authority of the Prinoe Regent. For this reason the attitude of fias Tafari towardb Amerioans is an important oonnndroial faotor. He is re- Amerioan Ameriecuis Amerioans as against Suropeans -J b<^use he is oonvinoed that they hsTe no territorial amS^ions in Africa. Thsir record in Africa, where their ^iilyOolion has been to lend a guiding and helping hand ^ ^ i { ■ If h ^ m C I ^ ^ <: I :• ■« !-#■'■ ■^■' v«i- ' * > :%t\ . *.,> - V.'*.'-- -"^^ -i-^^ -^'A' :rst-j*R*iEjc"«*-- :'-v -i^.^" '^n»i^miies£i'^^a^f<^^^^ij^ .,>^ / \^ v- c •r -2- to Liberia, oontrasts strozigly in Bas Tafarl's mind with that of Sagland, France and Italy i^o haTo STxrrounded hi a kingdom with oolonlea and dopendenolos In Addis Ababa there are British, Trench and Italian Ministers, a Belgian Charge d' Affaires and a German Consul, There is no American representatlToJand the Cromi Prince Cc- ^ would rery maoh like to have one sent there POLITICAL PARTIJiiS mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmimmm The political ideas of the leaders of the people are differentiated along the lines of a progressiye and Sonservative party. Bas Tafari, himself, is a leader of the Progressires and consequently this party is in the ascendancy. Its platform Includes education of the people, particularly along the line of improred agriculture and stock raising and freer intercourse with foreigners. The leader of the ConserratiTea is the Minister of War. They favor the exclusion of foreigners, the main- tenance of the old feudal regime and an increase in power among the nobles as against the throne. GQiilCJIJICATIOH One railroad under French control connects the capital, Addis Ababa, with the port of Djibouti in French Somaliland. Certain port and lajiding dues are charged on Imports and the Abyssinian CrOTernment maintains a Customs House on the Abyssinifiin - French Somaliland frontier. According to the treaty under which the railroad / concession is granted, equal rights are guaranteed to all nations .[hut that the French are getting certain advantages is evidenced by the fact that French manufactures hare much less difficulty in shipping goods into Abyssinia - particularly arms - than those of other nations* dividends \ % % ■K ' '■* * «w Si-wr^-^u^-wiwillP--** '—'^-mcH^g*^^*- *.\i*..«*--.L ««».-**a«fc. - -^-r ■ - ■t^^.^^amm rf— » »*«:-*^uuiyH.*4f)n^;:K . J / ^ -*\H mm (^mm dlTlAanda on tha prefarrtd stoolc of tho railroad are undorvritten by tho ffranoh Ooremmant Blnoe tloio road u» a paying oonoonit It la a oonstant drain traasury and oonsaquantly an unpopular a: in Tranoa* Tjransportation in tha interior is by maane of horsa, mala and ocunal oaraTan orar trails. In packing goods for final dstination off tha railroad this should ba kapt in mind euad no single package should weigh mora than 160 pounds • BBLIQIOB AHD 8!PATB OJ SOOIgTY / Tha population of Abyssinia is about 12 million of whom l&f are small farmers and oattle raisers* The re- mainder are nobles and fighting men who do not work. The state of society is that of Central lurope in the 16th. Century with a modified fwadalism as the dominant system* Stic slarary is preTalant although gang slare-labor is K« not k nown .J Christianity > or an arohaio form of Christi- anity superimposed on Judaism - is the State religion although the rank and file of the rural population is fjrankly pagan. Theoretioally all land belongs to the King as in any feudal society. As a matter of faet, howerer, property rights hare grown up from two different causes -^ first, among the small tannant farmers who hare acquired a sort of title to the lands they oult irate through long tenure orer sereral generations and, second, town property has acquired individual title through being offered as seoxurity for bank loans » a foreign innoTation. The oolnage of the ooimtry la the sllrer Maria Theresa Amerioan J is minted _,,j*«t»'«t- \ \ \ i !i i\ C > ' <: 3 > "^ m > > 4 J I ^ i ~ i V - 1 u -4- 1b mlntod in Austria and Imported into Abyssinia. The of oradlt system is little used outsldeTX&dls Ababa, business being done by oash or trade in kind* The banking mono- poly is held by the Bank of Abyssinia, an offshoot of the Bank' of Bgypt ctnd controlled by British capital. In the banking field the Cronn Prinoe would be glad to see Amer- loan oompetltion although by the terms of the banking mono- poly, this might not be possible at present. COMMBRGXAL OPPORIimiTIBS The national dress of the oountry is a pair of loose white ootton trousers of ankle length* The upper classes wear in addition a sort of robe or toga of the same material* The demands of the population are yery large and, while formerly supplied to some extent by the United States, are now supplied almost entirely from Sngland and Japan* The Japanese ootton goods are in disrepute^ the manufacturers having supplied material of inferior quality to samples submitted and annoyed the trade in other similar wayo. With the increase in agricultural education the market for small farm tools will increase and, later, for horse drawn and motor agricultural implements* JThe Crown Prince is keen for the importation of Ametriocui armsand ammanltion, although this bi^lness is discoxiraged at present by a British, Italian and French conoord. It is engaged^ to some extent, however, by the Frejjgh The exports of Abyssinia - hides, skins and coffee - are handled mainly through Prenoh dealers. There are no resident American buyers. The fact that Abyssinia is an Independent country with strong nationalistic ideals and a sufficient military force of its own to guarantee its independence in the face 4 -5- • faoe of the preaant balanoe of foroes among the dependent colonies and protectorates whioh surroimd it, makes a rather unique situation and a unique opportunity for American enterprise. It is practically a virgin oommercial field and its ruJ.er, who is more absolute than most rulers in the world at present, is pro -American. Cert41n of these same conditions might also work against the extension of Amaricaui trade* The archaic form of gOYemment, with the necessity of personal approTal by the ruler for many minor matters, the dependence on the whim or predelictions of an autocrat, the baclnvard state of oivilization, the inaccessiMlity of the interior and the lack of an American representative in the country, all these would make commercial penetration a matter of patience and time-taking endeavor. Offiq No. 15G. .conOTix Adviser IV 22 ^924 AMERICAN' Consulate, I i^n \ ^ (dO .iden, Arabi-, Octol:)0r k:i3, 19^3. ■ •■■>. Subject: irotea on -ubyssinia l:eceived fro .'/illeras of Dodge Brothers. ^^Jt^cii*-^ ^/ d. '' J • The Hon \)i U /f'^. \ % vX ^ Sir: INGTON. OP WAT f N0\ 21 1923 *..% • ^^ / i^ V -- ' -^.,*. , •I have tiie honor to report that Mr. '-\ .7111 ems ^ of the Dodge brothers llotor Car Company has recently visited t-.^ this Consulate on his way from Adis Abeha to Port Sudan and '^Sypt. '-^'he information ^\hich Mr. Villems ^ms able to give? con- cerning conditions in Abyssinia is conpl^ered accurate /and of CO H considerable value i> NV^ ■M " 0^^ o N /Primarily, ; it seems that Abyesinia has started upon a coiurse of obtaining income through the granting of con- cessions or monopolies along many different lines, ^he follow- ing are given as examples. An alcohol concession has been given to a Belgian Company in ^ich are supposed to be several Englishmen. Senator LeJeune, a Belgian Senator, :7as in Abyssinia during the visit of I.Ir. ./illems, travelling in a special car, and receiving special attention from the British Consul at Harrar, and llr. r~ Billings, the manager of the j ::o ind the unofficial British Geii V- 14 <»i -• ' • ^3 jtion was obtained from a young~ Belgian employed by thB^C^ijip ■f ^ ^i^n Corporation at Djibouti t port. 4iliis info ": Europeen, vftio claims to have a birother in one of the Departmenti «M t '^Vashington,^in which Department he was not certainTl " \ An \ I 1 ■ \ 1 . \ \ ^ ..■^^-.^. ;..,7.mrh".:^,-ii.ntf.'.ii?>* -^-* n-'-i-v' -2- Armenian X c Is a French subject, has obtained a oonceseion for a strip of land five kiloaeters on each side of the road from Mojo to Hawash to cut trees, extract coal and other minerals, including oil. A tobacco concession has been given to an Arm«nlan, a French subject. The concession for matches has been given to a Grreek,(Wio was introduced to Mr, Wiliems by the Chief of Gust omO Most important of all, it is said that a group, nationality unknown, is maneuvering for the concession for cotton piece goods and kerosene oil. j*his information was received from the Vice President of the new Greek Club at Adis Abeba. The Crreeks are at present keeping more or less to themselves, since they fear the French and hate the Italians. To Americans, however, they are quite willing to O t -i tali: n pr. Wiliems also travelled for three days with] O Dr. Salicetti, a Corsican, /feojhas been sent from i^noe - to open an Institute of Hadiology. Material valued at about 60,000 francs is expected to arrive within a short time. The Doctor is to have the title of Doctor to the impress, and "bears on his identification card, the signature^ of the ilinister of i^oreign Affairs, Paris. [Proa the start 5 of the conversation 'Tith l.Ir. V/illems, he appeared greatly '^ interested in the plans and projects of Dr. Lamhie , who is ; i no.Y starting ^vork upon the A^^erican Hospital at Adis Abe"ba, I a and asaied :aany ouostions concernini^ thea. o •Dr. ' ^ 1 ^Ix^' 1 * rlir\ 1 ^\** \ 1 y \ \r ^^ \ It \ • \ . • Vf." I....... -^ ■It •M ^ C A* r ■ V H Dr* Lainbie has been making fliie progress in Abyssinia, it appears, -.'he cite for the hospital has heen *] selected, and the land given to hia free and clear, by ^ias ^ ■* I*.. »■ Tafari. ;Vork has started upon his own "bujigalovv, which will bo the first buildinir: to be completed. 3)r. La-nbie is held,:,;jj' fr ^'••. i«^ ,. in high estimation by the Abyssinians and by Ras Tafsri himself, and accorded the saaie honors and treatment that ^ a Consul -vould receive. jIn fact, for I^* .Tilleins, he gave ^ the came advice and assistance that a Consul v/ouH "be ex- / ,^ pec tec; to .r^iYe/i Slavery exists as forrnerl/^ ^ms iafari, although a aan of good heart, with a r^esire to benefit his country, i^ powerless, caving to opposing factions, the party of the Quee I ■end. the priests. Abyssinia's reoiiest to be admitted to the Leti-ijue of Iletions was probably prompted by the idea of the protection which it would give against her encroaching and jealoTis neighbors. As a rule the slaves appear to be well treated, and if liberated, as often happens, have no place to go and are quickly recaptured J r -* J J The Italian legation has lat»ly presented a new L» - ■ -,.,., Piat car to Hie Hi^mess the Ras, which makes the fourth car now reposing in the royal garage, the gifts of foreign countries. On October 16, 1923, a eon ▼as bom to Sae Tafari. This information came through the British Consul at Earrar, as authentic, and a telegram of congratulations was sent to His Highness by this Consul at eT| Mr. \ . --.— >F. i V / . •<•" -4- c /Mr. ^illeras states) farther that the customs regalAtions are at present very annoying, and that iinder the present conditions the importation of goods to Adis Aheba is difficult end expensive. Although duties eire supposed to be collected at Dire Dawa, every province through vtiich the goods must pass, has its own set of un- official customs collectors, and payments have to be made many times . §hi s was confirmed by Mr. Mueller, a Swiss who has lived in Abyssinia for over twenty years, and by several Greeks^ jThe need for a representative of the United States, whose rani: would place him on equal terms with the representatives of other nations, with full authority to travel wherever necessary in Abyssinia, is vyery great ^ says ilr. '.7illems«J n 1 jjlT. iTillems is leaving October 28, 1923, for J . ; port Sudan, Hhartoum, Cairo and Alexandria. He requests that the information which he has given, if important lenough. to be used at all, be used tn a way that will not i'ilWvStV'^l •i U tt be prejudicial to the interests of Dr. Lambie, who presented I «*<»M*».»*.«i)»"»>-»«'*''*»-*^»~»' ' le' him to His Highness, or to the interests of the business which he represents. I -w I have the honor to be. Sir, Your obedient servant, RaymoOT Davis American Consul. ?ile llo. 610. f? I04 WALL STREET NEW YORK Dep't. of State ^ t t V>e OffTATB S. \^ 'l'^ i'ovem'ber '^ -^ ^ • I 1' i 2tr to DGpLrt^^.G'.t , Def:: r l^ir.s : DIVISIOMOr *■,/ RC V.e ! re ^lotincr in the ciipi^cit:.' of arbitrator on l deferred shi iient of Lonrl-erry Coffee fro.ci the r^^rr^.r District of Abyssini^ v.'hich V/5JG to h£.VG been exported throurh the Tort of Dbjouti. It is olrirned by one of the parties: thi.t thnre wll: l '\'Lr in pvQL-rresG v/hich pr(:?vented 'shipment during the months c:-lled for whioh were Juno, July, Aurust 19 21. If your ■^)eo£-.rtment cha ^ive inf or n?:. tion on this ooint bs to vhoihor p^ny cisturb^noe o "' O y serioasiiGss t u : 1 ti:.G tne to interfere ^^'ith shipnents. existed in th^. t ■A. r^t'L^n v.oulij be r^reht']-: ^.•n)i")recii;ted . 10 h re r: ion hif or Your:; '^er 7 I' 1 .i± CO / • -^ • ' T / I.' C. v_ r . . ^ ^^ ^ ^ ^ X C} ik, O In reply refer to UK 804,'^0/l28 • ^"ilhelm and Company, Incorporated, 104 Wall ^Street, Hew York, Kew York Gentlemen: The Derartn:ent hat3 received your letter dated Hovember £3, 1923, stating that you are aotlng In the caprclty of arbitrator of a deferred Bhlpmerit of Lcnp- 5 terry coffee from the /iarrar District of Abyssinia, t. and stating also that it ie clainefl by one of the *^ parties that there vyas a war in rroprees which prevented Bhipment durin{' the roonths called for whic were June, July and August, 1921. You request such iriformation on this roirt as the i^epartraent may be able to piTe ae to whet>^er or not £.ny disturbance of such seriousneae to interfere vith shltimentfc existed in that repion at the time nrmefl. This ' oTernment does not rralntaln at rresent, w nor did It in 19??1 rralntaln any diplomatic or \ consular \ \ •2- consular rerrebentative In ^.b^eainia, and lb, therefore, not In DCsseBsicn of such detailed ii. formation at; would be required to judge of the pra^lty of dlaturbanoee In Abyeslnla. It has been reported, however, that during the time Indicated by you there were Internal troublee in /byBbinla, but it is not known whether or ot they vera sufficiently beriouB as to Interfere with trade vi'ith the Unitec^ States. I am. Gentlemen, four obedient uerTant, Kor the Secretary of State: ^ ^ ^ ...V v;i-'- X Third AsBlstant Secretary* -- V c Ou li A us^ r . i^a», .^» •;/-:a*/r;:ii/oL ,4 K yu» aE.-v 6j Dejiortment * ' 166 AMEF^ICAN CO ^ of State ( ■ 1923 DWieion of I^MJUAXEinic Irrformatio Aden, Arabia, Noyamber 7, 19£3« I Subject: ConoeeslozLS in Abyssinia. The Honorable The Secretary of State. t-i Sir: Washington. A r-^' -* '. # r * fzJt- t f patch Ho . id: i^i^^« I l^Te the honor to refer to this ConacLlate'e des- otober 23, 1923, which mentioned amo 0} other matters, the concessions #iich haye lately been granted by the Abyssinian goyemment, and to meOce the following cor- rections and additions, the information for ittiioh has been receiyed from a coffee merchant of Djibouti. m OO -* _ ^ The alcohol monopoly mentioned in paragraph three 3 j 10 OS ». • ./ of the Ootober 23rd despatch, is confirmed. It is now stated, ^ « howeyar, to be a Belgo -Anglo-French concern, with a capital of ten million fraics. The monopoly Is ghod fcr a period of approximately twenty yesirs, and the oonqpany pays to the Abyssinian goyemment the annaal sum of 300,000 Maria Theresa dollars. All alcoholic drinlcs with the exception of the local natiye drinlra , are coyered by this monopoly. * The monopoly for matches was gl^an to a company which styles Itself the Sooiete Coimeroiale et Industrialle d*Abysslnie, In which ^s Tafari himself is a principal stool: holder. Czeoho-Sloyaldan matches haye been imported which sire sold under the name of Scissors, three dozen small boxes for I I r>. ■c'liM i O f i jj M — » «i «» B > -■^jj.^iCiiaii^ I . «« f ■■ I.,-- -2- ( for one Maria Theresa dollar. Thie monopoly is evidently considered of minor importance, however, since the con- sumption of matches in Ahyssinia at present only amounts to al>out 200 cases a year. An entirely new concession has 1)een granted to a Syrian which, for a period of two years controls the right to the exportation of flax seed« Preparations are heing made for the culti-mtion of flax, ani It is thought that if at the end of the second year, enough work has been done, the Syrian will have no diffioulty in obtain- ing a renewal of his concession for a longer period* I have the honor to be. Sir, Tour obedient servant , ^ ^^ymond Davis American Consul. Pile No. 610. i I AMERICAN CONSULATE, ^ /\r.-Ale^ yes r-; I v^m»»m^mjm>'mmm^-^*m J Washington. Sir: I have the honor to report the beginnings of attempt ::^i\ the part of the Oallas of Abyssinia to effect the reloase fro.Ti prison of rrince Xij Yasu, meti tioned' in Consul Southward's despatch IIo. 14 of ITovember ii8 , 1916, a; having been ndmed b^' the late Zing Lleielilc II as heir to his throne, but deprive! of his heritage at the tiiTie of th' Harrar demonstration of October 1^, 191G, It is recalled that Prince ^i:' Yasu is the only son of I*lenelik's daughter, and probably better entitled to rule than Has Tafiari, the present Prince -Regent, whose relation- ship to the late Iling i^ either grand-nephew or first-cousin- once-removed. It is also pertinent to review briefly the leading figures in .^.byssinian politics. Three factions combined to prevent Lij Yasu's suc- cession to the throne of -^enelil:: Taizaro Zeodito, Menelik's daughter, vA-iO beCc^me the nominal C,ueen, and represents the conservative feudal or monarchistic eleiaent; lias ^affari, leading the progressive party, and Jitu rs^ri Etxpta 5iorgis, Minister ^^ 3 ^ \k • ■ —■■-^'■ JOL ■ -j.jii J., ' ^j ;l ' - ] ■ " » , l ua ^:s- -V * . •*■. ."3 4^ ri'^ -2' > -1 i^nister of Iffar, who, as head of a loyal army, appears to be the strongest of this ill-assorted triumvirate. Fituarari Hapta Glorgis comes from the Galla caste of serfs and moreover from its minor Christian element. It is clear that he has risen to his present powerful position through his own ahility and force of will, and that his position as military leader is secure. It is further recalled that the triumvirate has never "been very closely knit. The ftueen, as a conser- vative royalist, and the »Var Minister, as a still more con- servative feudalist have found little in common with Has > '3 Taf f ari , who Ls decidedly progressive in his ideas for the reform and moolerniaation of Abyssinia. The three of them iniitedL only to keep Lij Yasu out of the political arena and the two conservatives have little in common except the desire to restrain Has -^•affari^ This has heen the situation more or less, ever since the fall of Prince I^iJ Yast on October la. 1916^ A religious demonstration was manipulated on that date ct Harrar, basal on certain evidences of Lij Zasu's Uohammedan leanings. It wae declared and presumably proven that Lij J^asu was secretly indulging in Moslem practices and study of the ZoTan, and the support of the Christian populace, ever fervid and fanatical, wus aroused to oust Lij Xasu as a renegade, '-^'hus it is, in Abyssinia, as in so mariy countries of the 3ast, that religion seems to be the con- trolling factor in politics. And -3- And now the movement among the Gallas, both Uohammedan and Ciirietian, for the release of lij Yasu from prison, is reported to have grown to such proportions that their petition has claimed the serious attention of the rulers. Pituarari Hapta Giorgis, whose opinion is believed to carry no little weight, is reported to have advised iias T'affari, upon the latter 's request for advice, to taice a moderate course by granting the release of Prince i^ij "^asu. Ee recommended that the Irince be ^, permitted to assume the minor leadership of the Dallas since they are so eager to have him. He added that Lij "^asu can never be a real menace to the throne, even though he has every lavfful right to it, and that, c^s a pettv lord of aniniportant class of Abyss inians , he could never hope to rise any higher. It is not known how favorably the advice o the Commander- ill- Chief has been received by itas Taffari. It is sufficient to note for the moment that Has Taffari and the iiueen hr:.ve begun to unite their influence against Pituarari Hapta Giorgis, and that Hapta Giorgis, himself a Galla Christian, naturally sympathizes witL the Gallas of botii religions in their support of Lij ^asu, whom they consider the true successor of Xing ilenellk. Hapta Griorgis has cunningly belittled the importance of the present movement, whereas ho probably is secretly In league with the agitators for the release of Lij Yasu, fand conceivably even incited them) vVith a view to the ultimtite restoration of the true heir apparent* The « . ... .4- 1 The above inf orrncition .vas rovidecl "by un i.n;. orttori t and well-informed iibyssiniun, 3hei_J: iibdul iro.dir Bc.-'Tazir, merchant of i-^arrar (the scene of the xi^byesinian L'.ru^.-./^le of 8iicceLsion) , who h: s "beeii an active and in- terested ..articiT;ant in ^xbyssinian political affairs, and :fnO is no;; visiting- Aden. He hc.8 been very helpful to tiiits Consulate on previous occasions. Turther developments \7ill be .TJ:.iptly reported. I have ti.e honor to be, -^ir. ^ i 1 e - • 6 G . 'four obedient servant, V /Loaer larK x'^neiyicaii Vice Consul "r-'fsricwf'jfv ^ H ■■r* --iH/isr . rl / .i MO. 89. AMERICAN CONSULATE, Aden, Arabia, October 20, 1925. hi'^i r ''^•'^^AufifiikJ^ with the Governor of 5^encli Somalilan^t Frenoh Polioy in A^QTSslnia. I have the honor Xol inform the Department that t^joriog my recent Journey to andr from Abyssinia, referred to lin deapatoh No. 86 of^eptemMr 12, 1925, I had two lengthy private oonTersatlons with •Jfiie Governor of Prench Somaliland, at Djibouti, Monsieur Chapon-Baissac , who in both instances seemed anxious to i apress oertedn ideas upon me as being the moot questions of the moment, particularly with regard to ii^anco- American relations. J'ollowing the briefest of preliminaries in the Qvl first inteorview, Monsieur Chapon-Baissac plunged liiBU»diately into suoh questions as American commercial prospects in t ^ >o Abyesinia, development of ^ench Somaliland, Pranoo-AmeriqaoH financial relations eind the depreciation of the frano, the general these of his remarks referring to the poverty of Trance. The discussion began with 9reni»h Soznalileuid. "This colony", said the Governor, "is exceedingly poor. There is no good reason for attempting to develop it. since V ■ t dA % X i^yy g aw r ;. '' -j«^yj. ' ' » < ^ ws np mim - -*-.A» ^,»;.W-' **■ "f.^. \ -2- i m 1 1 since its soil is either hopelessly salty, or rocljy, or \ \ \ V \ "N both, aM since there are thus far no indications of Poverty of j^rench Somaliland minerals beneath. The indigenous peoples are primitive, ignorant and incapable of producing wealth in any form. A Somali of this Coast may well consider himself wealthy If he can boast the possession of a half-dozen goats or sheep. He makes no attempt to cultivate the soil, except casually in the vicinity of artesian wells'** Complimented on the clean and orderly appearance of x>jibouti, the construction of solid, cool and modern buildings, the harbor pier and works and above all the large Oovernment- controlled hospital, built on thoroughly Poverty of 5'rance modem principles, the Governor seamed pleased, but added, "We cannot do more than a small fraction of what we should liJce to do, nor of what the city and Protectorate really need. Pranoe , like its Somali Coast, is too poor. We haTe no aonoQr. For every gold franc stored in our Treasary there are at least six or seven paper frajics in circulation. Our staggering war debt, in addition to our present colonial difficulties and our domestic economy, is more than sufficient to prevent the proper development of our possessions abroad. <-3!ll M ■ m But & -3- "But the United States, after all. have the biggest problem to solve. You have most of the gold of the world now, and if all your creditors could pay Yealth of the United States. their debts to the United States now, the position of your country would indeed be unenviable, imerloa'is so rich that she is bound to lose by it. The United States must spend its money abroad, if it would achieve a certain amount of balance in the present debt complexity It ^id.ll only ruin Aaerican foreign commerce to hoard the excess of gold. Your ^erican system of mass production has resiilted in an excess of manufactures which must be sold abroad. To sell abroad, Americans must also buy abroad. This applies particularly to 5'rance where, if Americans could accept payment in kind, a thriving trade would undoubtedly develop. This whole question, however, can only be discussed academically, since present cir- cumstances neatly upset any pretty theories we may formulate. The fact is that it ceems highly improbable that the United States vill buy abroad for many years to come. America is too nearly self-supporting. I should think: that, failing to export by virtue of im- portation, the only recourse that remains for the United States 3-overnment, to utilize the great wealth of the country is to invest more generally in internal improve- ments, such as roads, subsidization of building projects, irrigation of deserts, civic improvements, rail/vays and many I 1. ■i 5i I 4 I ■7'-'' iS3 I i i -4- many other improvements of interest to the public as a whole. Vith your high protective tariff, your ^eat internal waelth and your raany foreign debtors, it is difficult to envisage a solution of the problem at this stage^\ During the second audience, iriiich lasted one hoar and ten minutes, the trend of conversation led me to ask the Governor \vhat he thought of the American request that Prance fund her debt, and whether or not the -^Vench felt it to be an unfair demand. He replied. ''There is no q^uestion of offense or pique* Ht is a purely business proposition* As I said before it is impossible to pay in gold, and any attempt to pay in our depreciated currency would probably be attended by serious conseouences , such as the further depreciation of the franc and the resultant loss to you* It is im- possible to transfer such enormous sums of money without upsetting the world's natural flow of wealth* If we cannot pay in goods ( '' espece '' ) . thus stimulating our industries to a greater and still greater production of A'ealth, it is difficult, I repeat, to see any ade(iuate settlement at hand^* Reference was made to Abyssinia* Llonsieur \ CLapon- Bale sac showed no enthusiasm for American t i ' have no important interests to protect* The American JLf^^ I ; diplomatic representation there, pointing out that we Llisaion hospital and school, he suggested, is amply protected 4 -5- protectod "by its own popularity with the existing -Pre no h Policy in Abyssinia. Grorernment. The new American mica project in Harrar (to be reported in a following despatch), seems to have "been started without hindrance. Any further American enterprises could be protected as well by the British Legation as by any American representative. This CLUestion was not discussed further, since it had become clear, from observation and inquiry in Abyssinia, that the ^ench are jealous of sharing their influence in that country with other European nations. xliey have followed a consistent policy of refusing to cooperate with Great Britain, Italy or the Ifeited States in eny important undertaking whatever, lest these countries gain advantages wMch might conceivably lessen French influence. The ^Vench were the first to fiat a firm hold upon Abyssinia, and they have maintained priority "by means of the ^anco-Ethiopian itailvvay, which is an actual monopoly of transportation. Catholic schools, which are the only successful institutions in the country up to the present, a general dissemination and adoption by Abys- sinians of the ibrench language, and the untiring activity of all iiVench officials in the country in flattering and "playin.gr up" to the ruling personalities. They do this with a view to cultivating in the minds of the latter an attitude of susnicion and prejudice against the endeavors of I I '4 i i f i (f -6- i of non-^reAch foreigners to develop Al?yssinla_f or legitimate profit, Thus the attitude of the (Jorernor of French Somaliland towards American representation is properly ^ench. An active and reasonably belligerent American Consul in Abyssinia would be calculated to forestall or hinder French opposition to American enter- prise in Abyssinia. It is deemed timely to mention French policy in Abyssinia, although the subject is only indirectly connected with the inter yiews which constitute the sub- ject matter of the present despatch. The general question of the inter-relation of foreign interests in Abyssinia vill be discussed in a subsequent cominunication to the Department • J. Loder Paric Aiiierican Vice Consul. 7ile Ho. 800. 1 I have the honor to be. Sir, \ Your obedi(fJrt~ee:rvant , | I ^ :i V NO.^SI^E. '^\r ^ ;.r) ^ I 4 * DI^PATwTllENr OF STATE AMERICAN CONSULA7E,Ai r^ t ,'' A V. '/ • - ^ :« X N^ ^ 1V1S!0N OF STERN AFFAIRS 1 &■ l^r:' «'.* f - '3 ■ft iJA '"^ Transmitting aopir of oomnrnnioation, with enolosures^ with respeot to the Ahysalnlan aitoatlon* '/> ■ 3i The Hon< ^ ^ ''• ^ ,j>^^ ^^ i»a i » * Washington. V- I have the honor to transmit herewith a oopy of oonmnini cation addressed under today*s date to Ralph J, Tot ten, iSaq^uire, AmericaJi Foreign Service Officer, Class I,s f through the American consulate at Aden, Arabia. The conumini cation refers to the opinions formed by Dr. Joseph Spencer Ker^niLTd with regard to the Abyssinian problem. V* ■ft* 1/ I have the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient servant. IP J Vfesleyl Frost, Americanl Consul * Enclosures : Communication with enclosures \TF/ach 800, ii.^ Its. lift' m if^ *-,#««^-" • ■■ II tail mil ^ A,T,ex*ioftn i^9r4id£it Sarvio« Offl^ar, UJUmi I» 9iirt T hnT6 the hOB'vr t» r«9«rt %iiAt tklt •#viiiai« reo«rtl7 been Ti»i%#A by l!^. /••epk %«i9#r 1:Pt i»>«^& dtsmm tin* at ^diit AWblia* «ftt»rt) U* «»• H« was reeelreA e^ielAlljr ttML faxiHJLljr %gr ttS 9m V^tmt%^ Bias tor aa astamaiv^ aal "V. KannarA a«aa la tte AfcysslmlaB cttattiilOK a sioral pre'bXtm, ^c*llerl]i9 that tk» fktura Aaval«pB«it« i£ not tte l£.Ae?QiiAe?ic.e, of Uie aotistarx la ^mTaly flna»#94. Vy tha thrvt irrcat ^r/'K-: - • ^ A^psateiAi^ 9£ tiM MJLtnsxkaKL 9v4Mil#lliMi vMp<#%^4ii ^iMi iHur aiiPMiMt %• iir« itvl&Mii •• »«U m $• %IM» itM MMmk^ tM immfi^mm Q^msmXmtm dMMVuX at PiOi'lit, 1 h»v« ii&« tettMT i« ^9 aiiPf v'«i»y j*«iip#t>tfully ^i^wttra. *'InolosTirc» : ■"■■■■■■■■IBI A tree 30, ry 0f W.JB \ % wU^PHW^PR 4H^^PBI WiBJ^ 9 ^iBP ;^ 4»1PBPI^^^BHP ^mjk IpiM^W 9 W9m SLI^V i^ lit liii: •• J* Si»«B««v (D.i).) «b41 Wmm9 %^ i«6il«x«) 1C( tf«ii«4ii Z^X^U^ UTi»«9« i.*li«» Xif^l X^.B., ItOdi X^ctraertd «a «9^ MA lit* la y!Ufkmm mmifm, l4» ^itiaas Itallva, \^^\ X^s oMiiNHi&«n» thai Oslnginnlytt i (.1 1 ,,, I. .•J M&rsollls, Frane*. A.pril 10» I9S6. My AMtiT Mr, BentlnoJc: I lfeaT« already •xpr«89«d to iira* B^ntiAOlc ^y approolatl^a of yo«r ttnlt«4 kla4B«M aaA hosi^ltaLity to »•» while I «»• la lAAls AkabW« Bat oa aor axvlipal li.«r« la nr«Ba«» I visli to •j^rtaa to tou porsoaally i^t I slaai alaura r«i«ab«r yofa, that I thlah that Ufa aad latters of yoar brothor Hmvgr shoal A haw aoro thaa a fhallj oiroalatloa, aaA that* ahero all, I wlah S ooalA haro kaoaa ^oar Ihthor. Worn aoaXA yaa, his «hllAr«s, b« othovwlso thaa yoa ar«» and bo worthy of hiat Baaaaoo I thlak of 70U as all that wo ahoulA. oxpoot of aa Js^acllah Quplstlaa goatlsaaa, with an lahorltanoo of eoaturlos of c*atlo hlooA, I Toatwro to onross to you a few of mj laprosolons of mj visit to Ahjsslala. Hy ohlof ^oo^t Is this. i8hoa oao loolu at tho a«p of that vast eoatlji«it of ifxlaa. whaa oso thlahs a llttlo of hlctosj^ wtea oao f ietaraa ths oamm troaoBAi«a 9««sr of ifnhs— islswlaa, whish a sa sf lag sMsy tho Quristiaa olTiUsatloa of all ItartharB Afirlaa, aTasaod owor sad paaaoaaad Spalm aad throataaat all AuPOfa firosi tha «oat} whl^ oimntiulaad tho Bjaaatiao Chxlstliai ft^iTO on tho last, p oa s o ss od Barapo's forsaast saotora prorlas^, aad tlnuidoTod at tho ^tos of Tloaaa. It was oaXx hj a aiyaalo that SoTopo was not ooaqaarad by tho MoTisamoisn pavor, Aad than whoa I look at i:Criaa, sad soo la all that ▼ast ooatiaaat, oao aaall bat hvaTO p^iplo, who i^oa not savrooadad by tho flovaaat of paipais, aaay of thoa oaaalbals, with oaly spoar sad rtioll, for alm ftlovA, abA aaTrlag HifB«lf q«««ti«M. If «• r« Wllrlag tblMip owr, oonflAwitLallj la yow staAr, thar* •r« wunr «lU.a^ imw Wan Uroai^t i« ^gr att«Bti«i &Vo«i «IU.«li tmlA TM. •mlIA «BU^dit«B ■», if 70a. ilioa^t it pr«p«r so ta 40. Tha faastlaa «f A>y»»l»la» laitar aal t]M SotlImi la oa«« AM vhat is jMr«F«r •«iy«MHitiom mm baivacn f^r«« and ladapaaAaat BatiaaaT AM, to jou mibaariba fvlly t« tha idaa that mm \Xmmk gmrmjrmtmMt mhmXl mrmr teag a British autojaot, ar^a thoo^ lam \m tka Tariaat muf^mriai^ Soaalir I aa thtwlrlag of thaaa thiacs aa is 07 ri^t as a atadjnt and writar oa tha tiMtmrj of IkitlaBa* aad of thair diploaaay. Bat I •■ futtiag %hmm aa ^mi^mrf far Taa to saa« )»aas»aa I tkiak mt /ou as %hm hlpmmt tjpm of Sa^liah ^rlstiaa gaatltaai aad "gaa:W>s msw", aad I aaadar aluit your tAoa|(hts are upon tha sa^jaota. Wklla I do aat intaad thia Isttar to be in any aaaaa aea£Ldaatlal» I iImvlIA aoaaidar mmnrnfflj /ou alc^t aaka to it if jmrn. da rafly, as atealatalj aaafldaatlal* Mx mm faalij^ aWat libyaaimla la tlU«« Hm aaaditlaas of AbTssiaia Isara ■aak» Tary mam^ to ba dsslraC« Sha still kas a laag ngr ta gm ¥afara alM saa vmak as a aodam, aiflXisad paamls. Bat ^hm bas aada laat prs^rsss la tka last taa jaasrs* BUI.S^Bas Imtmri is aa aali^taasd Basaat lAie is daiag liis utaost to kiPiaf about tkia oiTiliaation aad aodamiaatioa of his eoaatrj. Let tha other aatioaa show a spirit of aaselfishBass aad ehiTalrj, kaapiag thair hands off » adt hrla^iac prassmra to obtaia aoBaassiaas; bat traatiac ihyssiaia as a tfm aad iadapaadent oaaatry. QIts tea jraars aere to pro*** ahat ▲byssiaia oan da far harsalf * HaTa patiaaoa. After all taa fsars ia a rmwi short tlaa ia tha Ufa of a people lAio hare preaerrad thair iadepoAaasa aad "Kept tha Faith" acaii st fiaraast oasi aaghta , f^roa Christian, Mnhsaaeisii aad haathaa faea withoat aad from foaa within, for aore than half a thoasaad yaara. Mitt iLiadaat regards to >ira, Baatinsk and aoat pleasant aaaoriea of joar hospitality aad ooartasy, I aa Dear Mr, Baatiask, Yery traly yoara. Oharlae H. Baatiaak, Ssquire, C.ica., Hi a Brltaaaia iia^ssty's iilalster, idis Ababba. Abyssinia. c f. 7 .V iiTJ *' A Smi AltflMa Iii9^1»I»« Adl0 AImMm« Alqp«lal« J*Al l*lKmiiaux di SMMttf* ol-laoliii^ «n t mw o xtm^m d* k\gfmm in%iB s ainal qa^au CiDtt^ia Hwcn t 4m Etata^Obia at & Mr. ftOiNi J. ftottaa. OowmX Q§a$ieml i aJylaal n a* taai% d*«iMfd« «aai aavaiatoamt (lat poaailAa* —% ■ Rant la 4*wm — tlca ^m patt^ at p3aa fmnOa* laa pas 9^W,Uai (pa alM^as aa%l dliit d*aaaaalaaaMaB% at par a«a latirata A oaai» 11 faal «ja«lar ma «%BPla liatiaatif paar laa it lilMaa AfMaaiiiP. Vt» * y aa a u i, UlfcyMlaii m% to "r - • - A Son AI%lM« I^pJrlAl* 1lM-Tafi«ri • • 4iy Xoaat l»1 #vo^Mi l*«kai«Bnii pulBoflBoe estxaordlAairtf da Malioii^t&mw. qpu* ^MMMBt la oivlllsatlon Chrtftieime da touta I*Afri<|B0 dft I*QkiMt» Aonmm l*Cm>i«« (tertian %aaK«ia 2l I*I»t* poaa^Ai ^•leBBiit Xas aaoiamaa piovlnoaa dv X*Kurope OitlaataXa^ at groada aux portea de Tlaans, ocmrlandfea avoc aoi (|u(^ o*aat ua miraclu cfua I'ISuropa n*alt paa it4 ooni^ulao par la Puiaaanae Sabon^tane. Mora... .lora que ja oonaldira l^Afrlqua at qpa ja aoataapla oa peuple pat it nale plein dt bxatroura^ipi&i: • t entoura par lea paiana laa plua aanyaya, dottt baanoovp aa v^ti^eatt aannl^alaa* ■nni aasIaBaBt da aaa ^p^aa at aaa bonollava, dStmOit mrmo a i i aeW pandiat pvlNi da oiaq al^alaa, aa llbartd at aa raligion OtartftiaMUi, aontva laa tvmliM at laa oanona da la plua tmm% lifMi pttiaaaaoa Makowtflna* at J« k la fte «i dlx ».«ril». .til. r«>.«.« «». P.I-... Buropdaaa dP prafil^ra oloaaa^ Ja aa«i <»• -Jf. » ►* . - ^ c / - 3 - t -.1 qui X^outoursnt lul acoord»nt-«XI«6 la Mne ooivldArfttlMi qu*oIItta £*exl^nt lilHttaf T Exercfint-oXlM awr •U» une preesJLun (|Q*eIle» ii*osar»lont jMMilii d'exaroer Aur taX ou taX ita/t 9a7op^ent ponia Mia « ppa^aif dialnta pomr obtanlr da* aonoaaaioa*^ saia traltona X *Miyaa iaia an pafa X&tava at Indi^iuiMit • Daaa dlx ana, X*Abfaai»la an aaama da psowar oa (pi *aXXa pant falv«« at dia Xa ^ria dHm pa^pl* |. K ■*•. / DOCUMENT FILE 1^ I »V NOTE •84,^1 FOR -fy*** FROM Pajrls ( Sfcli— r j ^^.^^ April 8, l»8< NAMK 1— iisr o p o REGARDING: '1/ AgreaiMnt batmen Oreat Britain and Italy to establish spheres of inflnenoe in Sthiopla* ■im- Tt- / ^ «/ M f ¥■ £1' DOCUMENT FILE NOTE l^h^.^/.}^. FOR #1321 FROM Paris . Skizmtr . J«n« 29, 1926 ^^ (- - ) DATED - NAME 1—11*7 a to REGARDING: British and Italian sones of Influence In Ethiopia* Quotes press artiole respeotlns agreements betv^en Great Britain and Italy for construotion of rallirays and harnessing xvaters of Lake Tsana. I fV •■■>r^» ■ o il II - • n l Mum— IP— X ^^. 1 '■ " • Si' No. 1-3/^ /'. r- EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA September 1, 19 S6. S£P1^2& DcXnaM:NT OF STATE L SEP 14: '326 DIVISION CF WEGTEHN EUROPEAN AFFMRS The Honorable The Secretary of State, Washington. Sir: ;W<;^i With reference to the Anbassy's dospatoh No. 1271 of Augast 14, 1986, I have the honor to transmit here- with clippings in triplicate of an article from tha MOHNINa POST of Aagast S7th, entitled ABYSSINIA AT CB06S B0AD6. w:i; Ovi en m 'J) ro 1 § / I have the honor to be, Sir, BnoloBore: As stated. Tour obedient aeryant, For the Ambassador: I*. A. Sterlingi Coanselor of Smbasay. CO?/ S2!TT TO S.I.C. \*^« NUMBER I PAPER : MORNING P08T DATE ^^«- ^'' ^^2^ CITY 'ii t * ^T-^-: lA AT ■■'"S't -^ ■■v% ill {M^* L^' ■'•*&:4i ^^brr^ #?^.|^ -:* -^^ Ox fSlfipi^i to tlt€ i-€q[iiitetiie& ?rf:-.-J*.^^«i», ^■^ ^; w^ ^^^;j,; ■4?&:-r-s Jim J>wa tv^i^itity. in whidi o| }ii|rtory hii b^en tpttl oi Tireilttolh Centeiy y as the result ci their bto the Letgtie o) Na^cui^^^ cf trotibles with the juAJl. thiir gteat neiig^hbrari, iii4 of tlie ttiistence wilhifi t ^f ccmditloiis repugnuit to "itmumity. ^m^m 1 ?4 Fit- J ?. d |V^ '■■"■&*-t'**2;^ *' •>%**' "&!>■ V^;^/ Vir, -^^•■•f,-^-.o^ * f '< ■■■•'■" ••w *t'- ~'>t'f. i . ;:ji;rf„ i;^,,?*.^ ,V| . V^.: ' ENT DiFFICULTIBtf itMn people hmte, a a and reform 9 ati^ as f Miti not at all ; a groap of nobles and an encMrmot^ prksthoodi who ^riMltji (^ the cont|ti7t *^ in anathemai lofTi as means an and to Ihaif t position, -^gsr M %rliidi the whol^ ioeiit raita« They httlNl S,^ ^ . lo# tying aiM iitdial iriietii^ rtkEera oaM^end search of cattle, ivid kncwi^edpP tii^ Ihe ftiaij^ tti #ill 0|t the omirtn: WlipOO square nd*^ , JBki^, races and W dtfptent lan^ ^tble to con 4 i^. able to tryoM f%^'^ :*^f^t;'v S_Z.v ,♦.*•• ^^4-' ^.-.%. mii .*:'-.> ^','f«^ ■?*■ -y.^;^.-; »'^.,r': Ljil.ter»5 ;i«^^^»%f--,,^-'r^■^- y3*^ ■fWl, '^ '> •^- -.^^^#^,'. •...■' K^ ■''■>;»• rJi€*^ -. I«-;T^ ••r , 4 ■: "^ ^.nL •*';':»■**-, "»r',% „■-*(<, Jifc-H J nn ^'■W^ <• - »f*l^?^. rf!*:**»i "^ I L*t ^■^ i|^^ .4^ ♦■*v> ,^#; m^v^ ■■^■■mm^' %"^ ) % k r I w i s W" i I. 1^ f / 6^ Dii^P/ir> NO. \\ . as he would wish. Thase ■* I-- - ■■' — •--■- • i ■ v> \ 4^ S .; * < .1, ^1; t -E- Thftse t«o dleatha, ooourrliig axaotly a ««elc apart, oaoaed a gasp of aa^eotans^ in all qiArters, slnoa tha ooiuxtry liaa alwaj^, Bare undar tha strong rola of 'Sa^mtor Manftlllc II, baan subjaot to tha savaraBt forma of raaotlon foUoftliig polltloal ohanges. It is impoaelbla to Tantizra an opinion ragardlng the poaaible loaanlng t.o Abgrssiz^a of thaaa aventa, sinca nothing urixatarer has happenad of an alazB&ing or avan an interaating natura. Suffloo it to say that the q^aiasoence vhioh has proTailed up to this data is anaonraging. A. Taload opinion was obtained from Mr* A* L. Qardinar, an English Barrister of Mdls Ababa, attached to the British Legation as legal adyiser, with vhom tha matter was disouased yesterday in Aden, and vdio belieTea that no material change in the gOTemment of Abyssinia may be anticipated as tha result of these deaths, basing his belief upon the simple fact that all is ^ulet at present. He added, honsTer, that "az^thing or nothing" may happen and that suppressed exoltonent prevails in all quBurters. "It is premature, " he stated, "to ma^e any comment with, intelligenoe , and if the gOTSirnmantaL structure of tha Kas Taf^ri regime does not come tumbling down, people will, in their aimplioity, assume that it has no intention of tumbling down, and will oarry on with their usual indifference." Mth regard to the Abouna, an American obseryar in the American Mission and Hospital at Addis Ababa writes personally as follows: "The poor old Abouna, Arohbiahop of the Abyss iniai Church, has^ passed on* What it viH mean to the Church and to our own work here is yet to be seen* He died on Saturday evening (Daoendjer 4) and the funeral services were held on Sui^Ay morning. The body is still being ~!S^. I^BHifiKhi' ■!»-■■■* A ■ v.- -3- being retetined In one of the Holy Churohes, xintil they decide where to have it Interred. »•• fLater) : He was buried in the Salaol Choroh yard at the Queen's request, although he had requested burial out at Mt» Ifungeafaa* where he had a plaoe all prepared*" ( The death of the Archbiahop was in itself of little oonsequenoe, so far as the political stability of the country is conoemed* He is merely the offiolal head of a mighty and highly organized ohuroh igfftem, and after all, he is a borronred leader, since from time immemorial the A^bouna has been Coptic and a subject of the iilgyptlan gOTemment. Interest centers about the death of Fituarari Bapta Giorgis, the greatest single povier in the country, because ha was the chief of aH their flghtli^ forces, of which all Abysslniaas are proud, and to him they paid a spontaneous and lorlng tribute. The "walling" referred to b^ow was meant for the great fighter, not far the religious chief. The two deaths are interesting, howerer, as they will either disturb or clear the atmosphere, as far as Bas Tafari is concerned* In A^bysslnia the question of "mob psyohology^must always be considered, aiid Has Tafari must keep a careful eye on every- thing to prevent panlo. li^ Anerlean correspondent writes: "December 19 » 1926.- For days the wailing of the people for Fit. Hapta Giorgls was heard, but now it is quiet again. It really is very sad, for hs was a fine inan, very Just aid. kind, and, strange to say, for a man of such power, he was a Galla. "Now I will teH you a secret. None of the Europeans were admitted to attend the funeral, but the old Greek Dentist maiaged to slip in by hook or crook. He tells that the Empress was seated on hftr throne -- .s«r- •«- ■.-■♦;«4'.:v*»i-.''a«35|5k. •■'4«*-*^_ ■ '■ ..■*$ :.^- ^, J^» 4: I.. ,1' T h'/ iL. r -4- Ir throne, surroonde d by armed Boldiers, mrA timv were seroral maohlxie guna ready for aotion. Brerybo^jr vas expeotlng soma exoltament, ajA. it la th9 flrat tlma there has not been trouble wban an influential man dlea* More proof of the Has 'a atrength. The Flttiararl re- qaeated to be burled at '*the feet of hie naster" fManelll:) 80 he will placed in the scuoe place with the Abouna and Maniftlik» near the Quaen's palaoe. For forty days the Baa will mourn, then will oozoe the task of ohooair^ the auocesaor.** The War Minister, it is reported, had been ill with a form of paralyaia of a progressive iiature, advancing jq^ward from his feet* He also suffered from severe rheumatiam, and hie death had been anticipated for several months* Vhen a young ijnerioan lady of the iLmerioan Mission first intimated the oomirig death of the War Minister, in a letter dated Beoembar 6, she stated: **Tha Har Minister is at the point of death. When he leaves, there will doubtless be a big change in the country. There may be some interesting timfts now, and I am glad to be on the soeiM*" The ground is thus cleared for the adoption of a new policy by the head of the government. In a way, it would seen to be Haa Tafari's great opportunity to fix his ontn position more seoorely, but on the other hand the situation thoa created i]iQ>oses upon him the gravest responsibility. This de^%tch is written during the forty-day period of mourning. Who to select as tbB successor of Ha^pta Giorgia, is the leading question of the Aonant* Fltuarari H^ta Giorgia won his way to the top by sheer military prowess, force of will ajoL charm of personality. His utter ainplicity appealed stronglj to the people of the country. He sprung from an inferior race, the 6«llft, ••i W^' fr.*> ^>:\ r h -5- or 8laTe>oa8tdt aa opposod to the iUnhara, or rullzig raoe. The mig^-ly Menellk II, probably one of the greatest fcinga Abyssinia ever had, saw In this soldier a wortl^y cohort In lanl Talaed than & "gentlexDan** appointee, and» walTlng all tradition and preoedent, had exalted Hapta Glorgls. It was with meaning, therefore, that the Pltuararl had expressed his deslra to be laid at "the feet of hla Master**. Bas Tafarl'a efforts and plans to balld roads, Introdaoe machinery for cotton Industries, construct railroads. Install telephones and telegraphs, Improya agriculture and oonmerce, haTe all been me't with the passlye opposition of Fitxiararl Eapta Glorgls, that a nd Paj--* It la baLleTed In most ^oarters that he kept up hla outward opposition. In words only, merely to appear consistent, for the shrewd old man. laiew that a new era had come, and that he could not prevent it. Muoh of his real change In attitude was undoubtedly due to the tact with which Has Tafarl dealt with him. The Prince Begent*s aatuteneaa has been exemplified In numerous ways, and in his dealing with Eapta Glorgis his diplomacy was nothing short of maaterful. An Insight Into the attitude toward modern thlnga adopted by Hapta Giorgls is obtained from an attache of the British legation, iiAlo has been In Abyssinia for some 28 yaara, supported by statements made by ths Fituararl to xqyself , idien I waited upon His Excellency In October, 19E5. The old man sooffed, rather too loudly to be slnoere, at telephoned and trains, for exairple. He said that ha ha* nsTer seaa a train and hoped that ha nsTor would. He said telephones were un- necessary. )3- -6- S. 'Wv ( neoftSBiLry, since tbere Is plenty of tlins to ooonmnloatd with people in the same oity. "Vhy all thla haste?** Motor oars, ha said, were on abomination. "When I go forth to rlait ny own proTinoe and people, a thousani. slaTSB foUov nqr male all the way, predalng^ ma az& making the way dlaliglKtf al . When I arriTe, I am net by thousands of slaTOs and daroted followara, miles away from my destination, to nahar one in with paeons of . gladness. Now if I should traial in a motor oar, whioh speeds along faster than a. man can run, how oan these people, who love to accompaz^y me, follow at suoh speed? No, these things are not for me. Let the younger genera tion» whioh seems to be in suoh a terrible harzy, haie these unnaoessary things, if tfaay must, but let me spend the remainder of my life in pe^koe*** His simplioity was beautiful* The humblest in the Smpire oould see him persoisally at soy time* His oonoeption of modem military methods was oharwl ngly naiya. During the war, he loighed at the oflwardioe of the balligerants. "Why don't they let me supply 100,000 of ny best soldiers, and put an and to this foolish war, as I haia offered to do? We Abyssinians are aLcou.stoned to finish a battle in a aingle day* 1^ Boldiers Imow not fear. I am told that in Surope, they dig holes in tba ground to hide from bullets, aiid both sides stay there for months, afiraid. to sTsn look OTOr the parapet, lest they be shot. The Abyssinian would oaTer be satisfied to do that: he nrost press on in the open axdL either oonfter the enemy before sonset or be annihilated in the attempt* And onquered* We showed the Italians fight I reminded His /■• aM he was delish of his po int of Tiew. Pituarari Qapta Glorgis was the whioh ■.■^■ft^i(sdjaawih.'«5fv . -h.^*iii8i» V .: ^i* .«■■ .-^ :m. i,. -7- . -a i it' if." •S^: vhloh will tax Ras Taflkrl'e every resouro* to fill, wltliout dlstvrbli^ th6 Btabilitj of thft StBjpire. Encvlng^ the task vrhloh lies b«for* him, Has Tinier i gOttB serazMly on with hia work, In oharacteri^^o fashion, iiiald.n^ no refarance to tha loss of tha CoixiiiaxAer*in*»Chiaf , or to that of tfaa raligiona haad. In a personal latter to ma dated Deoeaiber 21 » 1926, he diaouasaa a niuaber of things, expressing appreciation for the Intaraat taken in Abyssinian vlth afCtoilrs by tha Honorable Ue* Sldnnar ,/rtio se work In Abyssinia in 1902 aixL later His Highnaas was oonTersant, expressing regret that ha failed to meat a certain Amerioan business man of Aden, vdiose intended trip to Addis Ababa was deferred on aoeonnt of illness, deaoribing the possibility of growing rubber in Abyssinia, and tha aTailabllity of a oonoession tharafor to anyone idio mig^t be interested (Mr* Soathard ha d inquired about this for an American rubber interest in .Dgapora), thanking ms for literature regarding the American Dollar Mna khipa which had been forwarded at his request aid again yoicing tha hope that "we will be delighted to ^ learn tlmt the question of an Ameriaan Legation at Addis Ababa will be definitely settled by tha time you return from AmerLoa*" There is no indication of panic, or even dia- turbanoe. In tba mind of tha Haa. He knows the yalue of serenity, as tha ruler of a mercurial people* not forgetting unpleasant incidents in the past, and tha cItLI war following thB death of Uanalik II, which led to hia own eleyation to the Begenoy. Uanelik actually died in 1908, but the death was not announced until 1911, fr«n fear that tha govemmant, lacking a male successor of ability, would ortmble. From present IndioatlonB, a ol*nge seems to hare come, eren the laat old :4,#. '^ ^ >, a r 5. I. r i w V-:i^ ( •i»o«^ • t «. old rftgima» appaaurlng to^left the oonntrj imdlaturbed* It Is too early, howBTer, to prophesy axiythiisg as the resxilt of these t»o deaths* The S^prttsa Zeodltou has always reliad upon the JLbottna and the powarful Chnroh organization, as liar malnatay In opposing the modernization of ilbysslnla. The power of Choroh Is the sana aa thait vhloh existed In Sarope In the feudalist lo Middle Agas, and It Is founded upon the oolossal Ignorance of the masses, so oarefully oharlshadf not only by the Church, bfut by the Empress heorself • Hapta Glorgls was oonseryatlve, too, and had a certain o(»nmunl^y of Interest with the Eqprass In keeping up the olt traditions, but ha was not fanatloally religious and did not openly align himself with the Church as did thBc Queen* It remains to be seen what steps will be taken after the cistomazy forty days of mourning* Much depends upon Has Tafarl, and It la belleyed that If he adopts a careful waiting policy, BB may be expected, his power, thus q^uletly Increased during the past ten years of his Regency, will spread through wider territories and go on from strength to strength. I hare the honor to be. Sir, Your obedient seryant. ♦ i American Vice Consul* 330/800 Copies to: Binbttaay, London. Legation, AthanK. Consulate General, Constantinople I DOCUMENT FILE -afl la NOTE 741 » 65/46 poR .M?!??i'i5?.H" FROM ..4»1«..^-?P!?'*°^* ( -^."?*?« -) DATED ..^^}}...b}^.^l. TO NAMK REGARDING British agremant to reoognise exclusive Italian aooxKlmi influenoe in 7/e8t of Abyss inia« I I I '^-^ If^ -^l ^i.,- •• . * 'J ^^ / f V ( No. 245. AMERICAN CONSULATE, ^^ \. -c 1 Ati^ost /■*■ t A t i ^P l^josj r ' '. ■ » / jy > \ 1— 105o JLttack on British Caravan by Ethiopian Sollliers^^ ' The Honorable S^RETAWy 'f (^ fe J ■i_ -^ Washington. Sir: », - 1- tho herewith a Press review of an attack made late in Jime by Ethiopian soldiers upon the caravan bringing supplies and mail to the MaharaJ of Kutch and Sir G-eoffrey Archer, resulting in the murder twelve of the caravan men, including the leader, and the looting of everything carried. The articles from the June 9 issues of "EAST AFRICA" and "THE IIEAR EAST AND DTDIA" des- oribe the visit of the Maharaiah, which was referred to on /7 /- ^-^ ^ U3 page 5 of despatch No. £35, /uly 19, 1927, wherein it was -t^ intimated that the polite but perfunctory reception of the Maharajah by the Ethiopian Government contrasted with the elaborate contemporaneous reception accorded to the Duke of Abrussi, whom for well laiown reasons the Ethiopians wished to impress v/ith their military power and resources. The third and fourth enclosures, from "EAST 'I. N, * AFRICA" and "THE NEAR EAST MJ) EAST AFRICA' 19£7, agree upon the inexcusable nature of the attack, and point to the responsibility of the Addis Ababa Government to make adeq.uate amends to the British Government, which, o ' of > ■it ■J* ■« *, of course, vigorously protested to His Highness the Regent. Finally, there is enclosed an item fl'oin "THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR" of July 17, 1927, briefly and accurately describing the incident and referring to previous Ahglo -Ethiopian difficulties arising from the Anglo-Italian H proposal to share spheres of influence in western Ethiopia, British impatience regarding long sought Lake Tana dam pri- vilege and Bishop Gwynne's hurtful public q.uotation*of Mr. Zaphiro, in Egypt lately (despatch 242, August 8, 1927), resulting in Mr. Zaphiro 's removal. The resentful tone of the two British weeklies appears natural and Justified, and the incident is unlikely to help matters between the two governments, already at variance for some time. Further to complicate matters, the caravan is said to have been maimed partially by British subjects, yih.0 were murdered and mutilated by Ethiopian soldiers. The issue, thus intensified, cannot very well be set aside by the British Government, nor can it be wiped out by means only of promises or apologies from the Govern- ment. The form of satisfaction demanded by the British Minister is not yet known. In view of the past difficulties, the British can well be expected to exact full reparation, not only for their two distinguished nationals but for the confirmation of their dignity and prestige. This has been consistently enviable, albeit dependent upon Ethiopian fear of their power, since the year 1868, When Lord Napier * Since learned that the Bishop made the remark in a speech, published in the Egyptian Gazette. .1 '-. -3- Napier gave Ethiopia cause to feel it. To complete the picture of the hunting trip of the Iklahai^Jah and Sir Geoffrey Archer, their expedition pro- ceeded by train for three hour to the station of Modjo, which, like Hawash, the end of the first of the three-day journey towards Jibuti, is a favorite point of departure for shooting « in the most popular hunting ground of Ethiopia, whence the trelc started eastward along the Charchar mountain range, descending presimiably, into the northern regches of the Arussi plateau and entering the Ogaden district of the Harrar pro- vince, when the attack^ was made as seen, on the west-bound supply caravan encamped at Dagabur, in the Jigjiga vicinity, still roughly a week*s journey away. The supply caravan had started from Hargeisa, the usual outfitting point in British Somaliland. It would appear futile to heap abuse upon the central government, which, although officially responsible in every sense of the word, is so well known to have but slight and precarious control over some of the provinces that the fact does not even excite comment among foreigners in Ethiopia. No one realizes more fully than Has Tafari himself the inadea^iancy of his government and it is pleasant - to observe the sympathetic tenor of"THE NEAR EAST AUD INDIA" -^ • ■ ^ ~ • • ■ ~ July 21), especially in respect to its opinion that; 'the country' s only hope at the present time appears to lie in Ras Tafari, who is thwarted at every turn by a number of reactionary chiefs and leaders." The British are extremely anxious to obtain the long deferred Lake Tana barrage con- cession ^^u^ "r f. 0- ,.« 1. ■. f- r I t* .«•'' ti^ # i'^/. • -4- 'V- ooncession from the Government and they lose no opportlnity to bring this (luestlon forward at strategic moments like the present. "THE NEAR EAST AND INDIA" Is seen, as usual, to be more diplomatic and conciliatory in its discussion of the incident than "EAST AFRICA", owing, as the Aden Resident believes, to its sumpathies on the side of the British capitalists element actually or potentially in- terested in British enterprise in Ethiopia. It would seize this opportunity to capitalize an in;)ury by hinting that reconsideration of the I«alce ^ana matter might con- ceivably be very healing to Britain's outraged feelings. At the same time, its sympathies with Ras Tafari's diffi- cult position are v/ell placed (Enclosure 4) , and certainly exception cannot be taken to its gentle reference to the strengthening effect upon the G-ovemment of major British enterprise. Great Britain can assuredly be most helpful m to Ethiopia, as suggested, by enriehingthe northwest comer of the Empire with water control, providing, of course, its representatives in Addis Ababa, vrhen they in- formed the writer that they "want nothing but Tana" imev/ whereof they spoke. I am persuaded that they mean it, since they realize that a dismembered ana "Influenced" Ethiopia would but mark the beginning of their troubles in that region, not so much with the natives, with whom they could deal if left alone, but vrith the French and Italians, Y/ho could not be content to leave then alone. Ras ^v' i / / -1 . r' H f '.#r File Ho. 350 t-f tu /. i L - ••H • 1 V r . # '«. ."^ ft »- >"f r^ < ■■i'^ ■ t;i^:^- ' t '% Suolosure No* 1 m^^m^-mam Extract from EAST AISICA, June 9, 1927. — oOo— SIR GEOFIHEY ARCHER AKD THE MAHARAJAH OP KUTCH IN ABYSSINIA. (From our own Correspondent) Addis Al)al}a. The Maharajah of Kutoh is the first Indian prince wh: has ever visited Abyssinia, and his arrival in the country on a hunting expedition, accompanied "by Sir Geiffrey Archer, formerly Governor General of the Sudan, has "been a most interesting; event. The Maharajah, thou^'h over sixty five years of age, is still in very good health, and has been most enthusiastic / ' alDout the trip. He has with him a grandson about twenty years of age, and some ten other Indians. ■ Thoguh the visit was private, the distingiaished trjivellers were cordia .ly received "by the Abyssinian Government, which sent guards of honor and the Empresses motor car to await the arrival if the special train which brought the par^y to the capital. In Addis Ababa the Llahraajali and his ^andson were the guests of the British Minister. The first portion of the ixpeditio^ was ipent in the beautiful vfiLlley of the Aouache river, and it is now reported that the Maharajah will go throu^ the forests and mountains of Chercher and Arosi, and thence to British SoraaJLlland, He will then take boat from Berbera for Aden, whence he will sail for Bombay. % ^isi •^ W' m i-\ 'M' m^ i-4 •■•.■. ^e'--' ^ > ■v. «•• s Enclosure Ho* 2 Extract from the HEAR EAST and IHDIA, June 9, 1827. o A MAHARAJAH IN ABYSSIHIA* • • • . • (From a correspondent), Addis Al9al)a* The Maharajah of Kutoh, who had planned a hunting expedition in the forests of the Hawash basin, Chercher and Arosi mountains, arrived with his grandson and party at Jibouti on April 15. He was obliged to stay there for five days, owing to troible on the railv/ay line. During his stay at Jiboutl he was the guest of Messrs. G. M. Mohamedally & Company. His Hi^iness entrained at Jibouti ior Hawash on April 20* He passed one ni^t on the way at Dire Daoua, and arrived on April Z2t at Hawash, whether Mr. P. M. G, Azad representative of Messrs. G. M. Mohamedally and Company, had specially come from Addis Ababa to receive him and to make all sirrangements for his hunting caravan at Hawash basin* Sir Geoffrey Archer, ex Governor of Sudan, mat the Mahiupajah at Hawash and Joined the hunt^^n^ party* They came here bj special train on May 5, when the railway station was crowded by the me;nbers of the British Legation, British Indian merchants and others* The Abyssinian Government has sent two representatives and some town police to recetve the Maharajah, who went to the Legation with H, M, Minister and Sir Ge*ffrey Archer in th^ motor car of the Empress, with an escort of twelve Abyssinians* The P-^ -♦ •. m :^' -2- Enclosure No. 2. pa«i» ir 1M^ i ^'i IS ^i^ f The ItaJiara^Jah during his short stay here was very "busy paying visits and receiving Abyssinian and other officiilSt On Thursday morning he saw the Empress and the Regent and was introduce! to them by the British Minister. In the afternoon of the same day he visited the Regent at his own palace. On Fridayhe, with members of the staff of the British legation, autended the lunch given by Messrs. Mohamedally ^ Company at their premises. Later on the same day the Ree^^nt went to see the Maihara^ah at the British Legation, and dined there in the e\rening. On the following day the British Minister arranged a tea party for Inaiam and Arab merchants at the Legation, to enable them to see the Llahar a ;) Eih , v/ho was much pleasel to tali: with tnem in this country. The Indain communities on Sunday afternoon invited the Maharajah and some of the members of the British legation to a tea party. The ilaharajah with Sir Geoffrey Archer and pa.ty will leave Addis Ababa for Mod^o on May 9. From Modjo the party will go into the beautiful mountains of Chercher and Aroai, and thence, shooting and hunting, will go to British Somaliland. oOo % - r ^* I £nolos-ure Ho* 3 Bxtraot from EAST JgRICA, JiOy 21. 1927 , ABYSS BUM ATTACK OK BRITISH CARAVAH. A Dozen Somalia Killed. --oOo-- News has been received in London of an attaol: on a Britisli camil oaravan in Abyssinia in Jime* The caxavan was taking supplies to the party of the Maharao of Cutch, who was travelling in Abyssinia accompanied by Sir Geoffrey Archer, after they had been the guests of Has Tafari Itokonnen, Hegent of Abyssinia, The caravan cajne from British Somaliland and was fifty miles inside Abyssinia in territory under the Chief of Jig^iga, About four o* clock in the morning it was attacked by Abjcssinian soldiers and about a dozen British Somalia were killed. The oaravan was looted, and the head man was shojb,. and his body mutilated. Ample notice had been given to the Regent of Abyssinia in regard to the movements of the party, but the Deputy Governor of Harar said he had never been told about it. Previous incidents in the same district imply the in- ability of the local authorities to maintain order. Appro- priate steps have been taken, and it is expected that those who were responsible for the massacre will be suitably punished. oOo '".J" i> A'. '^.;, •< t ■ 'I'- *. Bnolosure Uo* 4 ^mmam Bxtraot from ITBAE lULST AIID BTDIA. July 21. 1927 . Atyssinia in Trouble. — oOo — The h-unting expedition In Abyssinia organized by the Maharao of Kutoli, who is acoompanied by Sir deoffrey Archer, formerly Grovemor-G-eneral of the SiucLan, has been the victim of lawlessness that is all too prevalent in Abyssinia at any great distance from the capital. As a correspondent announced in our issue of June 9, the Miaharao was undertaking a hunting expedition in the forests of the Hawash basin, in- tending to work his ?my to British Somaliland. He had been to Addis Ababa, where was received in State bothrby the Empress and by the Regent, Has ITafari, and left for Mod jo on May 9. A few weeks ago a camel caravan which had crossed the frontier from Somaliland, in order to bring supplies to the hunting party, was attacked by Abyssinian troops well within the border in the Harrar province and a large number of the escort is reported to have been killed. Inevitably there will be^recri- minations between the central and the local Government, each seeking to cast the blame on the other, and the measure of success achieved by the former in bringing the latter to book will reflect the condition of the Regent ^s authority at the present time. The occurrence of such an outrage in Abyssinia occasions no surprise among those who are aware of conditions in the country; the anomally consists in the fact that Abyssinia is a member of the League of Nations - a monument to the dis- interestedness and wisdom of French statesmanship. It is conceivable ,.^' U- ^' « ^v^; ■r f ■ ■ it5i .■■' *''-.. ■^, :r. '■' r : 1?^ ■if,-: ?■•;■■ % I ^ 1 -2- conceivable that the incident can "be ttirned to good accoimt, if the ajnends which Abyssinia will have to make take a practical firm. The co-untry*s only hope at the present time appears to lie in Has Tafari, who is thwarted at every I turn by a number of reactionary chiefs and leaders. The latter are responsible not only for general opposition to all measTires of reform, but also for the blocking of practical schemes of development, which, if carried out, would helpt tp raise Abyssinia out of the rut to which poverty and ignorance condemn her. The inauguration of the Lake Tana barrage scheme would not improve conditions in the Eastern provinces, but it would introduce much- needed money into the coxmtry and in this way possibly strengthen the Regent's hands in the task of introducing reforms* oOo i I I '. Enclosure Ko. 5* ■»i Extract from EAST AFRICA, JUly 28, 1927 ♦ -oOo- — — THE OUTRAGS: IN ABYSSINIA. The Dlplomatlo Correspondent of the "Dally Tele^praph" does not mlnoe words In ooimuentlns; upon the outra^^ upon a British oararan by Abyssinian troops, an inoident reported in last week's Vast Afl^loa* The Correspondent says in his ^ note: "The British Groverxuuent has lodged a strong protest with the Abyssinian Government in respeot of an unprovoked attack made last month on a British oafliel caravan travelling tiipou-gh Abyssinia, "The caravan was laden with supplies for the Maharao of Kutoh, who, with a party which includes Sir Geoffrey Archer, and has actually enjoyed the hospitality of the Regent, Has Tafari, is travelling in the country. A request for the safe passage of the Maharao, Sir Geoffrey Archer, and their suite had been adaressed to Addis Ababa long before the attacked caravan crossed the bomdary. But the Deputy Governor of Harrar, the local authority responsible for order in the region where the outrage took place, denies iiavin beeii warned in advance from the CapltsLl as to its impending visit. "The outrage was inexcusable. The caravan, which had travelled southwards from Harjeisa, in British Somaliland, was set upon in the Ojaden district about fifty railes inside the Abyssinisui border. Camp had been pitched near Dagabur {in the Jxg-Jiga district). At four o'clock in the morning the •J.-- •^^^'t««M-' ■ i V. M. t ''■».'■■ \ t '« 4«-*^ I A' v.. '■V • ti*' -,'^ r I Enclosure No. 6« «aHP«»M«MWMi»MHni^MOT«HMaM«l Extract from the Christian Science Monitor, Boston, July 17, 1927. oOo BRITISH PROTEST ABYSSINIAN ATTACK, Caravan is rushel by Ethiopian troops, f(By Wireless from Monitor Bureau via Postal (Telegraph from Halifax). Lon&on, July 16* The British Grovernment has lodged a protest v/ith the Ahyssinian Crovernment against an attaUc on a British Camel Caravan travelling in the province of Harrar, last month. The caravam was carrying supplies for the Maharajah of Kutoh, who was with a party, including Sir Geoffrey Archer,, formerly Governor General of the Sudan. Permission to enter Abyssinia had been asked froia Has Tafari, the Regent, but the looal Deputy Gk)vernor apparently denied that he had been ?/arned of the cBrvaoi's impending arrival t The upshot was that the caravan was rushed by 1? thiopian troops with the result that there were a dozen fatalities aiAonc^ the British Somalia in char-'e of the outfit* The realtions between Great Britain and Ethiopia have been unsatisfactory for some time past, partly owing to the Anglo-Italian economic Treaty, which the Abyssinians believe intended the partition of their country into spheres of influence, and partle owing to indiscreet public utterances of an Snglishraan in Lc:ypt about the continueince of slavery in Abyssinia. oOo ■^, No. 203 v--'" cuA^ f AMERICAN CONSULATE, t Aden, A a"bia, September 5, 1927. • Ethiopian G-OYrerij-ient cor.i')0iisation for tlie O.-aden ritish CaraYant I f..' ^^,. J ]iave tlie lion r to subiait lierewitli, furtk^ ramber 245 ot Aujust 12, 1227, co .aent iTon ^^:^ast Airica'^ of # Au£;"jLst 18 aiid 25, 1S27, and fron "Coi-resnondaiice d^Etlilopie" \ of Aaj.st 10, 1227, re ardin^; tliO attacl: in the C^-aden toi-ritory •? last JuLne u^on the cai-avan en^ ro\ite o ihjet the .~:a]iara,]ah of ijatcn anici Sir C-eoi:^i'en .. racner, \;no \ / ore ' ^>r e e din/: '^xnTard s L> Britisii So.ialiland on r. bh^^oti]!- e:-:""edition. ^'li^ast Africa" aarliei zo i^ea*. J CO deno'-uiCG the j]thio^:iaii C!-jver:L .eiit foi' failure to ruvont s'lcli crihies softens its toiie in its hu^_^''.ist 18 ics.ie since it \;aG GOi:n)e led to adinit tiiat has ^..I'ari liad done nil that could t)e ex ected of an;." govern, .ent to ji\'e sati.j actioii fjr an injnjv ooc^oiTi'i; to forei;:;ners nit^iin its borderst It bee j.ics nore resentf"jd_, hov/ever, and \/it:i a '^.arent reason, at \;hat it call s the "li^'sterics" of Dr. iirich h'einzinjer, hditor of "Corres^ ondance" and the hG/_,"ent^s nublicitj hana ,'er# Dr. '..'einzin :er' s comment, exni'essed in vif:orons style, s^jCiVis to be stron :ly anti-Lritish and oalcolated at enconra;;;o 0:111000 L>sa.:*y discord, albeit the hritlsh Press lias seemed I - , -■ . / ' ii'Ti tW 't ; tf£^ "1 iriM ^'^ r'TkV '*-«W4«-. -2- \ see.ued -Oiicldly iiori^ified a.o ulie ca.i*av:^ii inciuenl/* It leaves little rooi-i for do ut, i2i ajiy cc.se, re ai-din^; IJtliio-ian reiiGitiveiiess to furei£;ii ci-iticisriu ■J lie mciaei^.t i /a G ^e ji-ettable, a.^'jiouiioes the Ru^;ent ; t'le uO errL.ie-jt desi:'es to :.ia;^:e ai.iends; no thin- • furtlier i s 2;oGsible, a'ld t\e incipient Ghu'dld >}e closed "i on the coi:inlet'on of tie indei.iiiit"'* Hence the r^thic^jiaii resent .ent of Iritish Press ;7allin£;, \;hic see: 10 d L::t of urcoortion "^ to "cne cause "u.iereior, and -]thio'oia2i sno^nc^on that in cert:' in hritis' I n ■' s .-V U. w ei'S . '^robably incl^dm • o._iicia.L not-. -L \'a o ion there is an ill- ais^'uisea ^esire t discrcdil ^he Jthio i an C- o V e r n. .: en t • ezYijen 1. ].nes r a -nin be :-*ea the hthio"oian - 1 Ct vj G-r " -^ 1~N • 1 . ' - , -I -"-<-. s^ 1*^ u — / ^ _:_ o* r^-in^' to find ^^-reteizts, _.n over- advei*' isir.n o\xt./c. ^- c? /-, i 1 • c^ _^^ uiij.^ no. uure . for an eventual seizure of r- -,-> f-. tU O-O ' ■^ ^ t; o • 1 •^ 3,:. I anu neinio urinn ;rovince .L.» -I- ^-^ lor "i^ne ur •ent-.y ±'e._^\.irea 31 :e hile nitei'S . r'" 1 i^c;. P 1 ; I'll cannot he consile:^'od shv - , -I- aoout acee uiu * any s:.:a.^.. te. rit.irial 1vl..s "./hich hrovidence cr .!_ J- -L W ^ . 1 V J or n -■ ^ > the onclos'-d hhiijh.an J- ■• article suo..s raunor . ' e--^-^u;erate v^ . -^ ^^ irniinence o ritish designs on the cjuii'ur ■ _- ^ does n.-'t seen -.•oaso::able that "rcat j-j^ : - o m for all its n ed of the ' J-- ' . -; ,^ d deli" erately a::d with <_ , - -J - , st ibs head int.: rest -"It- ..jpriecs • .rov/ever , noooci^^' .nov/'s 'v '_; c_. _ v^ py/ r ' o .Lic.i aerencs u'on au.c:L ri . he breahs, the C^overn-.ent ..:ighi CO a se ana eacn oi n'i o lov;ors fuel CD..V'e"led to sei: e v/hat it could [if it eo-ald) c^'"x:try , rat.^or t' an be soueeLed out by the others, That is 1- -^ — -. .■■«• rff ; r\ • X. A -JL- :. T. e .ent , -,- ■• ' I ■( v" " "t ' : e i "'1 . ■ t li Q. "t sover^l.^it; is, a:.3a:.iii^ -u'la^ tlie "rl-ar.Loe of t:.e co^cL-tiy -.nuev- all circvu.isGances, is -^est. If Creat "^rioaiii :iores -aiiiriendl" Press i.:,iiore(l \Men :^olZ "bo a crucial t -.■e_eronces to t ^s -.lii r-lar, :,uvera :e:.t . :io-„evei- , rovo;.-ea, n - - wcvold sca^'ce^: - r-» r* "^ ' r-1 - _..e .-.-lia.- tont v/ltli 3...c:. a ;olic-. a^SLi of ::-:.c.. is nuv; -ejorteu to -^ „ "• -I iiave -^G-L. "0 er ^erau a p V . ^^ e:z a.-o fo- Jiojti v^ie-ce , Ir ■uli 1 S u i::e, :ie lias ta":en sliip for India. The refai-ence, in the last :-ara ■r..:oh of the encl.secL a.-l.icle iroc "Goia-e£:ono.anco ; oo ^ne r.^at'i of an ^r -^- HiVlis.. ^a^ ill "oint. uam near ^e: ;lan is —o g J. j- u >- 3 '-^e ta^.en a., a (J akj 6 n^ -( 1 o Ti'^er is -e loveci to >o oa^.^cai^i ucanan son V) -r '^ wjir G-eoi' '6 3 .c/ianaai, a i.J C O* ^ iLcYise a^ r^ i"* 1 CO n.ec J. - r^ - -- - -^- Q -, » \j ^ 0^--« • ^ cX. e of "'atio..s uedical Go:i;,rol of :-.jsle:a r-iljrins, ... J- ,-» -I-"' ,ed Sea island „a:x-.ie-. oo , ■. ;a s v/ho ..-eoently i-.s^ec^oea .--. -- - - ->e e:nlosion of one ^f a nmf^-er of • CO i^.e'.io . Iv n.l-j.ea v riflos v,-;iic ■;e :iad £ei..ea a: id ', a£ re..-viired to desoroy. G ne sorted oo u.-c dan "6 ons ..ethod, v/lilch is co::£i':n-ed t/xe no so e foGtlve ..la^n-Lerof cor.n^letel xQS u • * X' 1 -L i e S , v; X - ) -x-lodin- t:.e ■.■ea^or j.T'^n ' a oa .:; ^nan-'-e u. .LJ-X-^lX^ ^ . ^^ tj ., I in "^-^G o: - l.-i ;: v;it". t::e r.n. ::le _an -ed. fne v/ea-on, set on a .'- --J - -. '. /:i - . ■ n c- e:; .a.t; o l.air - £lel^or. I"": settinj a-^--osed to I'e fired b; ■ullin- a strin.- in .J- J. A -.^ v-*. KJ O, O „-vuai2l i:>t ,uc:.a:ian -..ao no snff iolentl^.- cautious %■■ V -4- cautious, i^esultiii'^' in ore:.iature discliaiv-e and the resulting !)eneti'a"uion of hie abuo..en o:. the holt an 0. ':.tl:.e:'/ fra^nents. .1 ^ -O xie cuea a i'e\r houi'S later, a:idhiis re lins v;orc oai-ried by jT I aero_^dane to 3haih]i, t^ie S'JL;L..e:/ L:eat of tVic hritis-: Somali laiid love rn...en t . Thus the Editor of ^^Coi-^'es ^ondanoo'^ scietine s 1 • ^ -> .ia_-;es a ^oomt ma lo a uoos :i ot ^^--e. hster^^ as he is not al-./ays o ui*e of his facto. ot ijito diL'f ic;J.t:; a sliort ti...e a :o with Cora , uhe I talian hnister, over an a u^cvC-^ U OA T -J- aly, l^a.oli:jl.ed i:i ''^.i/jlit a ;d Peace", tlio :.J(iitor _r.(l ostensible • ^ aucnor oi \;nicn ves^ "vu 38y J- ,^ ^ i_ c m Ciiams c.o • //6V ^^ "^r rces ^-.^Q- ( De s 'UuCh !ru:;ioei' 21^ of . .ai res^olt of Coi'a^ s ) . It i s 'fS - -. r- o - 1 ■ : r-i ,o -. -, ^ rv - n er -ets out of land o.t tii.ies and that ]iis slat ents do in. t al'./a's adhero strictly t u m as la^ an ' s --1 T die .atio>i« T^.:o nes o.isille dii.or. :jb.3 the "^'-'oat'^ Details have not ooe .1 learned :'e/ardin£; uhe oa^e of ?h . A. Ih Owen, q_uoted Iron l>r* heinzinner in the Anyust £1 iss'^e of ^^Zlast « '-1 • T T 1 1. -i- -i. -L w c. • 1 .e iiiol:.ision of so ^- a:iy siue-i ^^ Q 1 le dis- cussion of an -uif rtauate inci/^ent s iCh as t^.e caravan au\ ac W .J L. f W^ ^ 1 • -I- ^ k-^ uo cran ;; u a..'ti-js to the controversy 'J oe^' .d t e 3i^' de'o^h* due nifort^mate ^art of it is that there should le an;: conti'0\'er:E at all. Hverhthinj considered, r-v - -V. ears X -^ U sh P.-ecG :^ii' o u •"^rovo :;a t/.e a cu;.::ion oy v.'si . . c;.-r>. my i-envid o\or t.ie oaravan ../ur^iers eiO-.-e J.-' leannin'^ */^;eu..er or luz ^nu ./ould nahe a^"^ro"n.'ia'^. 3 i \ k -5- a ■nro-:-irai'ue aiiiends. jorei'iiers can aJford to exeroise a li'u-ule :.io;:'e studio'jisly tlie virtue of oliarit" to".;::.rds lla^ vu _■ a L' ar i ^ s H-o v e iii . e:: t "^ ^ Gill j- "^ - * oe;:i:i2iinv:' co aciiieve a •--( f^ c\ c - 1 7» :^tability in the Ca'^ital itL^elf. So::e a- ;arL; yet oa:/ c ■"^a;. _J o oefore llac ''Jafa:.-i can e "fectively "^olice e^^er^^ sanare nile of the -i:vo:'i.^ \ey ortion of -u-ie "^-^ jf j-i""ii'e, mnaoi/ea oy \;n- Gd J- ovi:!^' oanai uS , often y X c -- Cw j. ^ o c J ^ „ k.^ -1 -L, -he Pr eseiit caje, in t;: £;aise oi -» • -1 uiilO Oiail Sv.;lCL:.ei-^ . l^he . ± kJ lJL X' J IS 01 -uC]! ;..ac'.e oi co:.: annjc t_ TT • J- ^ 10 lan aroi .-,-^TT \ ; ]. t Kj - ^ a o _- . I o o u e i."* . 1 lations^ fhe feudal lat 1-0 - -, - , , - r S"S ^e:;: enc .oamrn 1 uso-hn t a.:d .^vU-*^_i__l_-L*J- oO _. n O 1^ a- 0. U lL-i-* u fliey do not even o - •c ILL -:-_L_i_0- V^_«\-00 .'"» -1 U ^- n S 1:1 J. a L/ O J., v^ _L O ► ^ • It iu :.;ao er for s ecilation a t \^ \'i Caie • I • j- .!-■ .rizis.. can .i j e uo am 'u..eii* ^>lne "ulo oh;'uctive b- ' di"nlon- ac f 1 .^N J-l '^ 210 Dunanes ncc atijn and a 1 S vy X^ O O U • J- 's^- ^ '_/ ^ O . ..a ai'l^ s s"'^ u o . U-va. 1 k^ .";e. r' o p J- en _nc_inoa :o en erate ected -I .1 ^ ^_ > - K^ — ae^ k^ .^e to ai ^jone- X . u U - .e tj ■ai:i •^ t nitish lectivest I have tne hon. r to to, Sir "^r OOP o:oeaien'j sonvant A; . ice ">. J. J.' 1 c -L 3 a.1* e s If.. -6- l?S N p. vv:' f Enolosu o. L/ O • 1. Pl'JM n n. IC A •"!"' .-» -* (O o ^^ A S ^ -L s.-' - J> -^ ^ / # 10, 1527. a:i o e 1 T a. 1 J ■> • le fT -Ll -1 •H'-v- - -L w i . X xj Ci-i l^ia a' lLi ^± j- C "1 - -1 ->-■» -L -i-» T" inqu-.r:' :i.s con'oosea ,1 i 01 uV/'O -»- _:. »> -^ O - i C<<, -la . , w -x^j o X « • J. ^an i^o-oi-esen^aoives 'ax 1^ J-' -ii I --'a L/ T T 1- ^, jOiiiuecL oy one a..o Griiiue:i L/ ^- • n' • -I C - .- 'w^i- lias al..o liande v-^- ^ ••^^^'•e:.' M l,GuO' lor o.ie — ^l-L vJ v,/ \70":ai(ie(l aiid tlie llieL of tlie vic':l..:s, aiid has i^rcniseu. tiiat .? n t ^>e Toved that the _l)y:osii:la,. soidie- -I- ^ "• . ^ \/e:.'- CO Jxiiiiie he \:iS± i]ide:.nii y '^' oil e o a" id T)uii ;. oh tho so r w . o _L u J. ior th jll' ^ao-u* o ■'T i^ Les jo'arnaax anjlais du IG, 17 e'u 13 Quillet, arrives aujoin^d^ 'rai a A-dis .Ijaba, parlent avcc jz^ande e::a_;eration du rejret^aole accident de l^O^'adeii ou 3Q'_ji So. alls ari£;lais W ("oas t-.-ei:::e co.j.ie disent les 'oui'na^ox) , oiie ete tue oar L.e'orise de soldats ao^sGinSt Les Jouriia-uiv e:.jloi''L;eiit oet accident ^)Our fail*, croire en .:roj^e 1^ existance de desord^es et -aii Liouve enu jeneral conti.-e les etran^-ers en I^tliiopie, Ces no..veM'--.s te2idanGi eases sunt aosoll-u.ieiit i'ausses et sont visi'olei.ient ins )lrees ')ar -Line scarce Oxiicie.-le ce ..ui est 'kjVO'jm^ liar la i-e action >los dejecnes ^rii sont pai^t'es tcntes de Londres; ellos 'oi-etendent ^\ie les autorites etliio":ie::ines sont iicapable de ..aintenir l^ordre et nGjli^-er.t le-jn* devoir de n^ote or les vlsioenrs etna._'ei'St II S'a 'it d^un ..lal/.e^on^e^jj: accident c^ui a e'^. e:c_^.li'-^ne dazis notre :ra:..ero precedent, Les :^o .rnanx an :lais oublies ...le 1 s 3oa..ni3 L^-ittanic jes ccijiie o ce'o:: de 1^ Italic et de l^liiniopie se soanettent dii'f icle. .ent a l^ordne ce -ui "orod'aisit 1^ accident i^ejrettable • II :^ a ^oeu ■ 11^ ■ ■ ^ II ^ M ■ 11^ ■ ■■■■■■*■ ■ II I < il ■ M ■ ■ II ^ ^1 II *- -^ de uenns, "on capitaine an^;lais a et . tue pres de Leilan (British So.ialilan^) sans ^^ae Iol j'onrna'o:: ai^^lais euL:sent __arle d^'one X. Ca. aeon adamant co. . .e da:i:^ le cas actiel* D^aatne part, :ioas a";p' ^woAi^ ij^ :e le jouverne.aent et Liopien et le ninistre brittan' iuvie a Adc is .Voaba ont pres-^ne ter..ii::e lean's ponipai'lers po'oi" -I- -* - -, r> * /"i ri%-> 4- i.r^ ^. - - ^ --rc^ -yi- -^ £i- n*. n -*- n -^ •» • a„ra:ijer cet ±;ic:.aentt he ^-:nvera.e:.:0na e"t;a.iopi.en p'a:iii'a les oca ables e a dedoi:a\r. -ei'a les leses. oOo is*. si: -£- Snclosure , J^ i^) r •>fc; 'Jrc^iislatlon rro.-i L'reiiCiu Jo"LLi'iial : r\ 1'V e s"^ OiiCe:ic e d ^ Jtlii o ^u e v'iv PI a c e : AC c. i s a j ^.o :.. , j^o ir s :^ in i a , li.' , t D.:/ue : A -'^iist 10 -1 p I < r» ;^ ( •Jzider ^^Vario .s^^ Acadiii<^') • -1 -» . 1 . ^-' of tA 1.; , 17 , a_ia .-y 1 T- .1. >^> JU-.y, arP' ived at Addis Aoaba toJa V > S'^ leaA \/it-: Teat o::a 'era. u ion i-e/'ard- ' ,1 •■ y>'.,' r^ W 1 J53fc«- * inr; tlo re 'rentable incident of C -aden, v.-'iere seven An.'*lisl: O 7 ^n "I •* r-1 ( - > , - u "cn:.roQ q_^q_ n ;'e::eral no ve vent a -ai ^L ± L> U X L^ 'J _• L) t foreigners m ..v--^ c -. ^ u- la. J . ^' ^'envenc -O s nev;s i€> ^ - -\ "oL'via V aocicenv * •* v^.lcn v'vs u.esori .e m o^^ir rev '0 ^s v/jL/.oer • lii Aisn 'o'oi^nals foryet fiat BnitisA Go..ialis, .1. r^ I ily and Atbio;ia, sub. ..it relvctant 1"- to or or, t 7 ±,^ Oil wis ca . o ^iny tie re • . J. ^ee^able accident • «Mi^ xi snort ei..e a -o . an -^n. lisA Cavtain ..as .billed near buylay. (nritlsl. 3 .v\abiland) v;itnvv..;t sv.cn alar:.:iny import ance bein • atvacned t i <'. c T ' ^ -^' ^ Pi -v^" -• rj o (O - ^, I ;"i n c ^ On t'.e ^;tber hand ^ -• 1 nclosure. ^ {!^) > ift-r r.- n ^ *-v 4S" lianQ ./o andoi-a-LancL t'-.at tl.e .^bViiorian ^-.ovex-iLAent and tae ::L'itis:i ::iiiist0r at ...xiis ...aba liavo iioai-l:.- coajleued their ne,:-:oiiations to settle the Incident. r-l 1 .' . ■' ■j.iG /on o-)ian G .vern :en JL, • w.ll vanish the gntltj jersons and indc:.inifh th.-se \;ho i,oro \/r n "ed . /~\ ouo f^^ ^1 I- sr • V S?H, COPY. iiiiiclosure «:■ i?'.'' Extract I'rou '^ilast A:Jriua^\ A^-ijast .^5, lv27. IlICIi:i::a A3YS3I1.TA AGAIIIS:: 5ni:J..i:i. Dr. -Ji'iC:! '/cinL'.iiijer, \7I10 a little \/lille ^.jo ."! J- n es'ucioj. j.s-.ecL ^.le ^u es'^o^idencecd^iCtliio :ie , a "")cai's aiiizlo-is to GO nviiice . L/C A- L/ -L o ei • • U . . ±li — >i jxi^. siiiia r ^. ' 1 ' ) othly a:.l :. 1' J. - oes . m ^ est of ossiole \;jrlcLs. J, -^o .;-.i^e expires 1:1^ I't^jj/ei: i^r u.. 11 • -^ • • • I on "one ^ o a"''"'^!;.' caravan en i^oute .^voi:. 1 jisn So; .ali.._ana u '^..e c a.n^ J X u^iO .cl ., L' d vy J J. ..n'uCxi ana oi^r C-eo;. .n-e;.' .^ncner in • • -ajy£sin:.an temnu^r:; .na v;nic car a; t^-.e Atn.n: siniaii •>jrj v^^j. v^j.^ o 0.00;. se "uiie c -lao ^ ropajanalst yj.-.'ber ^ ^.^1 ly -? J- o _ ^ ^;^.. .ave ooen ;;o o^^ • ^.liS re GOiivincin;: -.on no on , - ^ U '^- I J 1 G.;-s e ar ^ -L -j r VJ -^ s\. • ^e^ » ) rn 00 ^ .id o tne British Govenn.ent and - n ^- - q'n -* ■[" '■ , J -, ■» fi q -j" o ■ 'p -.-*p i^ - • p ."! J- J. ^^M "uo J J t>-; alnost an;,' lenn;;n U O LL L/ ^ ^ .^ ^ ITP J- neir a..:oi'Uion n <>> -^ i. J- o , for i'nstance, n Cv.. - "^ riaj^ 11013 n -r^ uon F--e.-Cii; ::o M V ^^ ( ■ift -2- "2o acliieve it»,. onds in t'.^o i.iaL ■ ei- .f -ua-ce 'Jsa>ia tlie Sritish C-overii-e t is conductin:; in ils Pi-ess, and especially in the "Times^', a violent oai:r;ai£,ii to discredit l-ltliiopia in the public opinion of lUiU^ope and -L'^ierica* VI ; leans ai-e ^^'ood • enjiirii lor t^^is end« Renter ez' loits the case of T'r. A# XI. Ov/en oy tele^jraphin^- in all directions the false :iev/s tliat the assassination of all British sno.'ects i*e:-:ains un-nim^-Shed 1 1 • • oy une .xO. -ssinian C-jvern!-:ent • J IT n The Case ^f 'h% Ov/en is vei', si:u"nle. A hiit \/hich 'le i. entod in the interior of the countr;; \/:. o me dap dest roped o /^ u'" fir. I'c was ii-r')0ssible to discover tlie a t:ioi-s of this rson. des'^ite all the efPurts uf the local • 1 • awthori oies . Tliese simple facts encjn±'a_-e he^iter \.o speah of t Pe as. assin- at ion of Iritish LuoJectSt — 1 ial observer v/ill a To^ 4— "" -> r-^ -l- the case of Owen is •^^e'^ty incident in which the « 1 ♦ res^'^onsioill-tv of f.ie ::thio''icui ^.verni.ent does not entei- Into '.ho matter, and tliat it :ias beeii e::a -erated and completely e i-esented for olitical ends "Ilo.eover, the _ueL;tion of slavery is niisrepi-jsented a]id ex)loited "by the Press to serve English interests in the ca ...^Dai -n a -ainst iJthio^ia. J^i Aj-.erloan jo-^rnalist, perhaps jiiv/i'jtinjly , ." . "1 -- •ives a .ii .-.iip-colow: » ( > d ^"-esuie of nrivate •; -f-^. \- conversation wntw t^.e _.epenu on vne suo^ec I a. of slavery. Tiie iiinwi i , Q i. O ^ *. J- Press uses it i .-.-.ediately tj discredit Ilthiopia, and to disc.ui-a -e Ai.iericuns from ti-adinp in Aoyssinia." A -» -. J J--- X ^ * .• ^^ a",' s lai^e^' ui^e ^ Editor - who in true '.Tentonic tvle. initials i..ost jf his notes "Dr. ' ' IT it • - retni'ns to the Ciiar^re '•'^-■> »i' #> ■?m^-- m 1. -o- charje , taimtiii ■ tlie British Le --ation v/itli >.aYinp^ based its dei-iaiid for GatisTaction in tlie case of !*t. Cv/eii on a t decision of the late Emperor irenelik g\iaraiitoein{,* security to all Europeans in the oo-'ontry. "Let us su pose that a I poor Abyssinian living in a London snb-arl) had tlie nisfort-ane to lose liis i.iouest dwelling: by reason ..f a fire, and that it JT*" v;as in" ocsible to discover the "oer^oetrator. V/o^old the British CrOverix..ent ur the Lord hay^jr of ^ondon. " ;ay him ^■ u.a:.ia'-es? If the '-jogi' Aoy. sinian liad not iiisva^ed his house a 'aiiist firo ho v/cold not .ave i-eceived a ■"^--•«" " pQimy . i 'Jhe 3U'.:estion .;f an anti-Abyssinian ^lot in this J. coun or:, 1 p. absurd* I::a'ine the Imperial Govern: .ent , the TTm ^• iiies, hevter, nany other Prec:s or._:ans, and 'Tenibers of ?' 1 Parliaiient lea.-aed to 't^.er to hate hthiopial Dr. I]# './• must he less h:;c tcrical if his shaet - one of t.ie chief -U r\ -I • ^ oDocts jl \vii.cn IS i\ "^arun t J end i ':h ^ en th.e I] lU' o lo e an Pi^e o -' n ^'i.'b"'G£inian affairs - is to oe treated seriously. oOo b ^ i-:>*< -iW .-v.; ^«*-"_ *iy r-^ ■>'>^.. V No. 68 Submitted In duplicate LEGATION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA SUBJECT : Ethopla Bulkeley, Banilah Septeober 22, 1927. t k I r AKTidK. 5,' !<(■■/. / / / -^. •0 OCT 1 ^zn *^^h-^ P o r '^ ,-^ . o *-< ^ V, The Honorable The Secretary of State, Wash! Intone Sir: V.i £ CO I have the honor to submit herewith a series of five (5) articles on Ithopia (Jkbyssinia) whidh appeared recently in Ul BCXmSB IGIFrnannB, as of possible interest to the Department of States I have the honor to be, Sir, Tour obedient servant , Vorth Winship Charge d< Affaires ad interiji< Enclosure: Five articles mentioned above* .. *^- FHOM LA BOURSS aGYPTISNN2 OF JTJLY 30, 1927 • ' ^*. VETHtOPlE . • %v« Etude sur r^conomie de rEihioi>ie.^ Une brtilante oeu vre humanitaire. -Ik 1 La qu^fiUn it^^^^nnt est d Vordre iu jour ei elU intirtsse I'Orient am- Umt ^Mie VEurtppe mats bfen f0u dt gens cemunssent I'Etki&fie, Nems pa kabiUms VEgyfU et qm sffmwut fiUmi Us flus frockes voisins de ^Abyssitme, nous ,na saa^mts n€n sue elle, A fart de vagues notions gio- grapkiques et il n*est que temps que le public ait plus de precisions qu'il n^en a sur V Empire des N^gus, Consul ter les litres n^ est pas d la portie de tout le monde^ d'autani Sm Doniutf un apcr^u exact tl c^i^ et S0 la situation^ ^oiioaii4|t^ Je r£tliio|»ie est, en tout temps; $«wr malati^ pai; suite du maitqtue abso^k dft seaatifiBciiiexits officicliL'^Ijii^ta^ awaltlnttiaiis fiscales 9^gf9^l6^^ g&ni^es d'une fagon «Ei$ f|llia^- tai^, soBt bora d'etat de pA^llir^ documents donnant de$ estiniatioii|3, m^me approximativ^cs, de leura l^e*"- ceptions. Celles-ci sont d'^lleuJ^s'^^in souvent en nature et seivent, s<^s oette forme, sans etre convertles rieurcs " importantes se conclaent presque to^tfus sur un nombre liialU de xnarcbtf^il est mat^hellement iai* .PQSsible d'obtecir des indicatiooS, mdme ks plus vag'ues, sur.ieur iSL- ponance. l)e nieine des chiffres pre- cis sur; les echanges entre les colonies anglaise et italienne et les contrfes abyssincs, limitrophes sont toujo«rs tr^s diffici'es ^ obtenlr en i'abS'n^- g^tiques. EIcs onr leur livfe d'or. '» En 1Q23, rc'crivain anglais, Char- les Rev, dans son ouvr«ge <* Unc9n- quered Abyssinia, as it is to day », a consacrd quelqucs chapitres k- i'^o- nonrie de TAbyssinic. C'esl une par- tie tres interessantc, mais Je$ stai^?- tiques cSsentJelles pour une . ; c'cst le ncm qui fij^iire sur leurs pieces officielles ttirec la forme u Ityopyl ». ' ■ l^iopl^ . t^Hsiplieii . iran^ ai$e d^ *snet^letin^iE(hhypia,/le |}ayi des Ethiopiens, e des gens au visage brO- 16. » Ce nom prend une extension tris variable selon les ^poques, et il s^est appliqu^ & des pays tr^s diff^- reats notamment la Nubie ou TEtat ^thiopien de M6ro€, noipm^ c(ICoush» dans ra^ocien Testament. B0IJRS3 3GTPTIEMS OF WlflP Le vaste royaume du N6gus quon appelle po^tiquement la Suisse ou la Gaule ^fricaine, ^ cause de ses mon- tagnes'et du caract^re chevaleresque de ses habitants, et plus prosaique- ment la « Terre du beurre et du miel n, ^ cause de ses innombrables troupeaux et de ses nombreuses ru- ches , s'appelait autrefois « Habes- cha » on terse d'Habcscb de Tarabe Habascha c*est-^-dire mot auquel le$ ^u Midi ct de Ty renvoyet poui" y r$ en eut un fils au cours de son voVaje de r^ tour et ce fils fut Mfeilik Ebna Hakim, le fils du sage» doftt la mi- norit6 se prolongea jusqiTl visgt- cinq ans. II fit k son tour le voya^ de la #ille sainte. L^ il $e fit recoft- naitre par son p^re p-ice )i un an- neau que sa m^re avait re^ c|i gigi fut la reine du Midi, c'est*^-dire de toute la c6te est de TAbyssinie depuis Massaouah jusqu'an d^troit de Bab-el-Mandab, et probabement aussi de la cdte orien- tale arabique de la mer Rouge, c'est* ^-dire de VArabie Heureuse, de rY6. men. Car il y a deux Saba, celui d'A- byssinie principalement vis6 ici, et celul d'Arabie. Les pr§tres en ont d'ailleurs conserve la reminiscence, et les populations des deux c6tes de la mer Rouge ont une origine com- mune. ^ " ' Le roi Salomon avait d^p£ch6 des messagers dans tous les pays de la terre pour rassemblcr des mat^naux pr6cieux en vue de la . construction du Tcmj)tc. Cette nouvelle vint* \ la coiftiaffsjpi^ce de Tamrin, marchand abyf|Sin. 11 se rcnd«t a Jdrusalepi et ayaqf etc fjapp^ de la gloire de la monarchie de ISalomon, il en fit part ^ Mak^da» la reine d'Ethiopie. Elle r^gnait d^j^ depuis cinquante ani'. CeJa ne- Templcha pas de se rendre en pompe ii Jcru^aVm ou elle JC^ut un acxueil flatteur et embrassa la doctrine du vrai Dieu. du Dieu d*Ts- rai^l. S'etant donnee ^ Salomon, elle gner muni d'une copie -des llVfSS' sa- cr^s des Juifs et accompafnti de !<-» pr^scntants de la culture jnivt* ^ -Les H^breux vemns avec Etoa ]As^ kim avaient ^ leur t€te Azaril$s, fils du grand pretre, et Zadok, g^rdi^ des livrcs saints. , ^ Mfeflik transmit I ses dtKendCints la gfcironne de David (d^AbyesiSbiO ^^ fnn»inc*tre de la Monarchie Sale- monienne. Toute la ]population» aaatsite au Judalime, se serait soumise aux rites h6braiques. - '■--■'• -^ ■ ^ y.-vb^i.^-^-'i'^-i^-: ^ C'est la reine de Saba elle-nrfme qui aurait gouvern^ le jpays pen^aat la minorite de Minflik et r' .IV.. .!*■ .!«' <.. ^. L ^re chritjanne D'apr^s le Ncmveau Testament vers Tan 70, le christianisme fit une premiere apparition en Ethiopie g^rt- ce ^ un noble Ethiopien, qui, fur convert! sur la route de Gaza par Saint Philippe le Diacre. La tradi- tion ^thiopienne vent que, rentr^» en Ethiopie, il y publia la doctrine du Christ. Ce scrait k Axoum, k cette m^me ^poque, qu^aurait i\i cons- truite la premiere ^glisc, ditc de Ssinte-Marie-de-Sion. Elle existe en. core. .^ Au qautrifcme si^cle de notre ^re, la foi fut pr6ch6e en Aby^sinie par Saint-Frumence, fondateur de i'E. glise ^thiopienne et son {vtque, en quality d'cnvoy^ apostolique de Til- lustre patriarche Coptc d'Aiexandrie (341) saint-Athanase . Frumence, en latin s^appelle Fru. mehtius, Fruoiefitioi en (Tfc, p'ins- talU \ Aktovm encouimfi par la saiate imp^ratrice HAtee, m&re de ConsUntin et par le patriarche d'A- lexandrie. Frumence prit dans son siege Ic surnom d'Abba^Salama (P^. re du Salut). II diffusa la lumiere du Cbriitianisxoe dans toute la con* tree, £t j-amaLs peut-etre, peuple n'embrassa le Christianisme avec plus d'ardeur. II faut noter que les historiens ne sont pas d'accord sur I'origine de Frumence. £st-il Grcc comme nous dit M. Pierre Alype et d'autres au- teurs ? Est-il Syrien ? On bien est-il Egyptien d'orifine copte — comme le croit M. Girguis Philotheus A- w^d, ^rivain copte. D^s la CQnversion des Ethiopienfe (3^5) <^ juiqu*^ nos jours, les Abys- sins recevaient officiellement leur m^tropolitain des mains des patriar- chcs d'Alexandrie et du sein de I'E- glise copte. L'lalam eut en suite dei adherents ea Etkiopie. Les Falatha qui habi- tent aujourd'hui dans les hautes montagnes du Semien refus^rent d'cmbrasser et le christianisme et rislam. j£ I t L'Ethi»pjjB •( I teurope Pendant les siecles qui suivirent jusqu'ii Mahomet, les rois d'Ethio- pie furent mattres ou suzerains de toute TArabie m^ridionale, mais leuf d^caence commen^a avec Tap- parition.dfi I'lslfifl^, « S^lon le Vi^pmte de Caix de Saint* yi3!^>ur^" pMl^'Will^OT^ entrf P6thio. ie et PEiirope chr^tienne cemmen- ^rent seulement, vers le milieu du urer la possession des territoires ou le Nil Bleu prend sa source, lis s'etaient Stablis sous Ismail dans le Harra. Massaoua et Zella. Les for- ces ^gyptienncs se dirig^rent vers le coeur des plateaux abyssins par le Nil Bleu et TAtbara, mais la chute du Khedive Ismail mit fin \, Ticva- sion ^gyptienne. Le percement de Tisthme de Suez, en i869« fit de la mti Rouge le cou- loir le plus fr6qucnt6 du monde. Du meme coup PEtliiopie prit une importance internationale qui ne ces- serg pas de s'accroltre. Les puissan- ces curopAcnnes, dit Pierre Alype, se hSitfcreDt d'acqucrir des dilpdts de *• i rharbon, des poliit^ d'appui sur la nouvelle route ouvcrte... v^i les mers de Chine, du Pacifique et vers rOc^an Indien. Et, ainsi se forme. ra, 6tape par ^tape, la ceinti>re Ui- ritoriale qui isolera rElhiopit 4<^ '^* mer — et du monde. -^ . Nous parlerons de la glcBrt de M^n^lik II dans le chapitre ik ^a colonisation. i Le successeur de M€o verneur da Harrar fut alors 'nai^me Prince Regent, l c&tii d« /woro Zaoditou. Plmp^ratrtce Judith, der- ni^re fille de lifiaflik. ^\ Aujourd'hui la Prince/ R^gtai ad- ministre les affaires de i'E^fpire Ethiopien avec une autorit6^ ^uasi absolue. / ] La visite du Ras Taffari 0n Eu- rope, au cours de 1914, a ^veitK la curiosity de Toccideht pour ^oa em- pire afj-icain, ouvert a tou^, 4uoi. que toujours d'acces difficile. \ ..^^ AMyi HaHp iHiiJIiitl^r I Tout droits riservis^ mU4^fi$mii0n exceptionnelle pour la presse ^gyp* A'nerlcaa Zjit^nti^jn FRO:^ LA BOURSE 3GYTTIEIJNE OF AUGUST 3, 1927 wliiV II M iijg f ENQUETnseiT L'ETHIOPIE -^^-•••-K • ,s L'ORCANISATION ADMINISTRATIVE - LE GOUVERNBIi VBNTIQN DBS PUIBiANOES - LB REGIME FRllOAL ROLE OE L'BtCLAVACB ^ LE ROLE OU GLBROB — CUE9 — L'INBTRUGTION PUBLIQUB — LA JUtTIGB ~ ENT AGTUBL — L'lNTER- — LB TYPE ABYSSItl — LE L'BGLIBE OOPTE — LEt LAH L'ARMBE. <■>>•', I t i ) rii. Organisation i I.u constitution po- li.iciiie dt* rKri][)iif- est une feoda'iJi^ mocleree par i'lr'Auence <-lu clerg^. l.c 50u\er: in b'appeile ; « n^jfoush- xiagasht )>, ou roi d^^ lui:.. iSna ar»">- tocrati^" coriipo.Stfc cie chefs ^^u <(raV'), ^e paitage le l^rritoife en liefs cle grandeur e: u'lmpoi :anc<-t incga.cs. I! s'ag-it d'line hierarchic seigoeu- riale, les sei^fncurs hereditaires Qui ^ouvernent le^ provinces n'ob^issent . u roi oil au ras qirautaril Qu'iU t)C soiu pa^ assez forts pour im ^($*^iijl^r. l.c^ sci^ne*in>» ont au-dessous d'cux d'c^U'ies seignciu - -et ccux-ci d'autrcs cncoie, jus(iu'aii ^injp'e p^iyan ciui supporl-e toutcs !c-) cluiges de cc couroux sNstemf'. J/oiganisation ad- ministrative de c^^ p^y^ i\ ppcHf ^e leginie fr'cdal de la FiaiKc au Mo> en-Age. Pour aduiinlstrer les di^uicts ^^ '■es vidages gui divi*cnt et subdivi- sent les provinces, le gouverncmcKt eihiopicn di^po$e de <( choum? )>, tlieis riviU et milltalres charges dc* ler^he la justice, dc :tcueilUr !'impc»: < t d^ tenir les las au courant de U)u:e.s les que^lio^^ ^r ^0U6 les eve- nemenU irittrrcs>^ nt huT region. i,'K:ai a pour i hef "Imp^ratricf Queizero Zaodiiou, h Ic du dcfun* enip-i-reur .M(fn6Uk II, tU^ a isuccedo a bon neveu Lidj Vjssou, de$tiiue ^^' 2/ scp'emb.e loi'^, et fut couronne^ ie I 1 f^\'r:er igi 7. H<5i'»Jtr et regent de i'Empirlu!? importants, e; un Conseil cJes raini-trcs pou: 'es pori-^feuiUes d'" i Inu'ri?ur, des Finances, dcs Affa;* res Ktrang^ie^, de la Justice, dc la (iucrre, du CuninitTce^ dcs Poshes <^^ d"3 T'anspor:s. Le gouvexaem^ni arturl ron?frvr ces deur ConS?iis. 11 \ a dt^^ fonc:ionnaire> et des ron^eil ers europcfens dans > service du gou\'crneincrif dc i'Enipirc^ e'lluo ])icn a\an^ dei'ir e eux I'appui dc leur ^ouvcrr;emrr.t , lis rgis-r^nt daiiS lintciet dc Jeur j>a\ -f. I. a prep\>nd.-- lancc do ;: Fra'^.t " a la Couf du go'J. \ :'!rp.<^rn- :i: u^ntr^t est ;re^ m:rqu(^e. 1)\. i leu ^. i'AriK-.f^ioiTe er I' Italic protVenl d'unc intlu.nce p u \ ou Ui. iins gi'a::idf' -wi les proviare«» voi- s nr.> (j< Icui".- coloaics. T.'Kg->pte n.ar>^ua.bic d.rs tou^ i'Fmpire ifrjc? J ^'u: riiar'jue pour le mel e/' dcs ai- me •- (' 1/F ii'Opie n'j besoin dc p ^S"^^.- n^. c (' nf tend la main Qu'a D.eu '*; f ctte devise naiicaa^e donnt^j par !'- ugusie Menellk II nous expiime eloqu eminent Fesprit du vrai Abys- compl^tement dispaia de FEibiopie, niais la condition de-; captifs est mo.n.s du;e quc ir.^ retail c-'ie d-zs serfs au iio\cn-age. - , . L et ^-^ prcsse . fiaii(;ai>c .u.t^c: t;^ujours conlrc Fcsdavagr luais en mcme temp?, ils son: le- ferrrjes defenseu s d<^ Findependance de I'F'iipife ^thio- pien. L'aboliuon de FtSclavage ffn Ethiopie n'esf pas une besogne sirp- pie h faire. Fa Bible permct Fescl - vage, A' Kouraan (le Koran) le ''^- connaii'. le :egime feodal radrnrt ; 11 s'agit de n^gre> fort gfossi'i- fort igQorants, fort mal nourri'-, \: vant ^an*? f^nii N et a niuJ- sru'/.^- ges avant d'^r- es ■aves d -? 5e - gneurs. Est-cc qu'un pays se modernise en dix, vin^t ou meme cinquante ans ? Pouvez-vous demander a un ado- lescent, si dou^ soit-il Fexp^rience et le savoir d'un homme en pleine ma- turity ? Or, par rapport aux grandet nations d^Europe, I'Ethiopie est un peuple adolescent. Le regent, Son Altesse Ras Taffa. ri, au cours d'un entretien Vt^^c lc correspondant du u Times » (18 jum 1Q23), assura que la question de Fes- clavage interessait vivement le gou- vernement abyssin. Le Regent emit le vccu dc voir disparaitrc enti^rement Fesclavage, mais ii est impossible de Fabolir d'un simple trait dc plume La SSs'ins sont chr.:lier«- menopb) sues. L'Eglise monopbysite comprend environ 100.000 pr^tres, moincs ou diacrcs, et possWc 4 peu pr^i un tier> des terres cultivables. Son cb^^ supreme est F.\bouna (notre p^re) ou principal evequc, nomme et invest^ par le patriarche copte d'Alerandrie. L'Abouna reside officiellemcnt k Axoum. II jouit dans tous les milieux eihiopiens. d'un tr^s grand respect. A c6tc de Fev^que copte il y a un rehgieux de race abyssme. « I'Etch. gu6 )» ou i< I'etchegueih >» qui si^ge ^ Ciondar. Ce siege a ^t^ cr6^ dans un but politique (ver^ 1255 par T^cla Haimaiiout). Au desi-ous de ce? deux hautes di- gnitaires se trouvent les « .Alolcas » ou chefs des cit^s de refuge. Les ci- tes de refuge sont les villes d^clar^es inviolables et que tous les partis res- pectent dans les gucrres civiles. V'icn- nent ensuite les pr^tres et les doctcurs cu aspirants, enfin les moines ou dia- cres de outes sortes qui abondent. Le3 pxeires pcuvent se marier une foi^, except^ FAbouna et le Tech^gui qui observent le c^libat^ car I'Egli- d'Ethiopie », FiUustre Abouna Ma- th<. Le chef de FEglise ^thiopienne qui a jou^ un grand r61e dans la defense de Fiud^pendancc de Fempire est d^. c^'d6 le 4 decembre a Addis Ab^ba, ^ge de 83 ans, il 6tait venu d'Egypte en Ethiopie, sous le roi Jeaa. » . Au point de vu * Cathoiicjuc ronia.n « le pa> s est diviSe de ia maiilere suivanfe : \icariat -pislt.liqu • dc^ Ciaila aux caI)ucin^ et 'a/a- i t :S fraiirais, pK^^'ectur' de Ka!fa aut niis5ionr,;-.ires de la Consola t de lurin. ;> La pr^fecUir^ apos:oli(iue do Djibouti cntrcii<'nt d ux -ta;, , >. scm^i^.s en Abvssinie. 1 ^ M, .Morlc Uftus^^rjc^ d'.xuffci cu- ' •' le4 abys^ips « . Que lauc^ ^^-bq^s. du J J Sami?n "et He T'AfbaTfgy, le^: iva- jT maount des montagnes d<* C(T'\.i:, \ I's Zaiaii, des bords du h: ; Tmn^ ■ i et '<'' neg -b Chanpallas lui p.^ie:.; un idiome nubien, proie>^^ n (ir^ir le sabv^ismc ct > fetichisr.-. einn la religion des Galla.s qui toiTj^fu < n- \ iron un tiers de la pv-^pu'a'io i ".' I'Empire, est un i^i^irc : elaiiimc eiijgufiniQent resprit du vfai Aby^- t ^»% • ^ ^ r- ,. .. J- V . n I 'A'j\^ in u propremtn. parler e^t he.-/ Irb homines et i iB. 50 I u 03 ( a - ■\ •rhci IfS fernm^'i^j, par uner ^^*l^ i(.,)n,^-L*c% un*- ijLct line aux rr^its i'<^- | uri pcu Ion«f«^ et un menion blen de?- ^ n^v l.a peiiu fst bronz^. Mais, au uir vi a nu'Sure qu'oa s'avance vern ■( ^lui on voit r^lemen: nig:itique, il tn est dp meme ^ I'oue^t. L^Abyssin est ho-fpitaH^r^ chiiii-:- ij>, vailiant, fi<.^r de ssk race, d? Jia loi, de sen Neg^us, bicafaiti^ur en- \Lrs ht^ piisonnicTs de g:ueir^». De nooibr^ttses egliseii ont cons^erve en Eihiopie le d oit d'asile, les if^nj qui > ont lecours vont sonner une cloche c^ui se irouve a I'entr^^ du monas:^- re. I'Abyssin est un vrai patil^tc rnal^io Tigaorance da p?uple, car -'amour de la pat \e est une qual:r<^ nataicUe vi die ne s'cteint cJilz Tame nob> que par la morr au chaiip (i'iioniuHii". Le> gart^ons s.\f. Quel/? o 7*:oditou, I'lu.pc'ra- i!h" a( nj(»'I<\ dcrnie 'r l^lj.^ dc ^t^^R'- 1.]-. ,(-|)0»; ;a ^r las (i<~ii^"^:i ap-'r's avoij* ( duurct- uoi.s fois : sa nierc, la lejae | l\iif (.)u d iVM ., J li .: It f^:< l-ji^ln. r\b\-M:: d..ii • It" 0:11 rr.cr( 0, v c-^trr h.ibilc, qc.i'iU'' r]u\r<.}ia:^(i'. ui' \\' iiuiir acii\''r ci - Li(*n car..c.'fl. l-uago e\is:anl c:.c U'c clan.- c: p.-v-^, L'tiOUva^e i l.es ''^clavc^, rn Ab\s>lni?", son: di*s [):'•> )n:M?:S c!i' :\i:ri' c ou Vurs desc crKlanu^. l\^ -out bien traites cbe/ huis rnailf.:'> ; ci c.jp.sidcu'^ (' HMUf.* mcmbrcs d-' la t..rni le, mais li^ li'ont pas 'e di-^.t d'heMr"r. I.'e-clavage provoqua P u- sieiir^ toi> int,»r\-''ntion dc-? :;^ce> bl.;n(i;CN dar:^ Is affaires de TKrii- piic dcs \c>,^u<. Ma t.V.lr? e>' d«* mel.ro le^ ei,o'.o- ral^I'-s au ((uran. d^ cct ^ut d: cliQ^ ^>*;> af>n de ju>rei p us rlgou^fu^^- m^-. pf. :a d-^Tlnt?- ^rc.o-ciquf de i •-Ijiis 1-*^ affaires ! un comni*"- :il I fois, except^ TAbouAa et U TecMgui qui observent le c^Ub^t^ car I'Egli- ^e Copta orthodoxe admet le zturia< gt de pr€tre$ qui nc »ont jo\ patriar, cbes Hi ^vOques. II faut noter que PAbouna, envoy4 apostolique copte, peut seul couron- ner I'Empereur de I'Ethiopie (N^gu$ Nagashi) k son av^nement au irone. Un exemple bien riceut montre le 1*61* Eminent jou^ pai feu Amba Ma- th^os, dernier ^vOque copte (£gyp- tien) iur TEmpire ^thiopien. Dans rm(€r£t de Puoit6 et de la gloire de la nation abysunc^ TAbou- na Math6os couronna volontairement M^nelik "11/* Emi>e r^gnait sur la lerre des N^gus, le Souvcrain 6taii alors Lidj Yassou et les Allemands, on se rappelle. es- sayai^nt de conva:acre Lidj-Yassou que la volontc du gouvernenoent bri- tannique (-tait ue s'annexer les re- gions c-ihiopiennes limitrophfs du Soudan anglo-egypticn ; Lidj Yassou laissa pcrcer se? sympathies pour rAlleruak^ne : k pore Basilc de Corn- brand qiii a vecu en Abyssinie pen. (iant cetie campsgne, ^crit pour I'u Kcho de Palis ». le g fevrier IQ16 cf qui suit : (( Qui, le nouveau mo- narque est Uc.^ jfune. II n'a pas en- core vingt an5. Cornn:e tous ceux de sa race, il est plein de fuuguc. En ap- parencc* on pour.ai: le croire n plus ardent auv di-tracticn-: qu'au gcuver- nement ». Les intrigues germano-turco-autri- (.hienne?, gagn^rent dc jour en jour j 3 de plus en plus de terrain a la Cour j de Lidj Yassou. Les ra^ et les grands de Iflthiopic rest^reoi fiddles au jeu. ne monarque choisi par y^nflik. Des nuages sombres se group^rent sur le massif abyssin et plan^rent tn pani- cuUer sur Addis-Ab^ba (La Kouvelle rieur). Mais Ihomme de Theurt existait encore, c'e^t « Ic sfrvUtUt du C)kri*t, hii de I'^vaaf4;itt« S^M Marc, et arcbev^que Copte priwat d\i royauita ■T3V' — -» -t - •« .«^ '-»••-• ji.'ijiie. )) i)..i\^ C!-t etat de ch-v.^^ il c^i bbn rati'Tel de reriiaiquer clicz r-juJi ^•- gouveruefiient^j contu reius, dans \^ budget d.-s dt'penss uu cliapilr- ivi portan: p,.var subvenir (t encouiagr Li ta.lir d»'s niissionnaire chen* au ;)om de Dieu qui ^l au a fui"^. no in I,. ; -J -i' 't ■--^i^) \ u h I ^ ^ FROf.: LI B 'URSi iSYPTUME OF lUGUST 5, 1927. ENQUETE DUN EGYPTIEN SUR LtTHiOPIE Le icla (je cicrgti L'eglise coptc t IV sont clu\'-tirf's i:n.iU>[>l;\ site's. L Mijlise ijioiiopiiysitr (•o!1![)i\'!hI ciivico!! Illii.OOO prt'trcs, iiioi.'H'S on diaciH-s, tl pos- si'dc a pen prrs i/ii ticis drs tCMTi^s ••iilii- va])l(.'.s. Soi"! clicf supri'iiic est i'AhoiiP.a ' iT'- [:'t' perc) on prHU'ii)jl t'\r(pj(\ noiiinir i*! iii\('sli \)Ui' \v patriarchs ( oj)lt* (rA]v'\an- tli'ic-. l/Al;oiiiia rrsidi' oriic!'.''leiFU'nt a \- \•;•-; I ;r coptc i! \ a ud it- ' i;i('ii\ tic i"acc ahyssir.c, i' <^ IJ'li^^ii*' > ou 1 .0 at:]u'*'Uiicl) ) c a dorjlar. C.c sic- _i.^c a etc cVci' (iaiis iin l>iii j)()li}Mji!c (\ci'.^ ■J j'fiT) T)ar 'i'cc!a 1 iaiiiiaii'ail) . .\lj (Icssruis He res di-iix hauls (iii^nilai i-v"s sc trouvcnl !cs <'A]()l:as'' (;ii cTjcfs dcs citrs (ic refuse, lavs cil^', dc rcfu.L;c Svip.t Ics \i!lcs (li'-ciarci s iir.ioia!):c.s ct (jik' ion- ics [.'artis rcspccind dans ics i^uorrcs •:'i\i ■ Ics. Vicnncnl cnsnilc Ics pre' res cl Ics dor- f tcLii's on as|)i''an!s, cnfin ics nioincs on , liia'/rcs {\c tonii s series (lui cixanicat. Lcs i)rcircs pcn\vMl sc maricr nnc fo.>, c\ccj)Ie I'Ahonna ct Ic 'i'ccdK-L'.ni .. I 1 Cl [ IK j'a'i- (cu- r A bo una, cn\a)\ c apos- |n.'!([nc coplc. pen! ^ral conr()n:ic'' I'Mni- pt!-ccr li" i'!!tlii'>pic oNccns NaLcashh a '-"mI ;. \ L',icJ!u 'a t an. t la n;c. In c\f'ni|/lc i'icn la'-ci-nt laocdrc ic i>'i( uniiu'iil jonc per fen Ami/;; Matlieos. (lev- ni« r e\e(jnc copnc ( K^;. jHi'eii ) snr Idairpi-a' ctino];)icii. Dans i'inlei'cf de I'nnilc ct dc 'a j^loirc 'i(. Pj nation aiK^'an^.', i"Al)on'Ki Maine-)., coiironni v-olindaii'c iiinil Mrnciiiv II. len- p«-:-i*nr (\r I'ia liiooic ^o nM\cnii)rc \^.S[n ;i }-!nn'»t!(>, P;apitale d • rlo i . l-.,i I'M.;:/ i'Alxnina ^.a!'n (» .. ^.'.w ^'-i/'i.-.i ve (Ic Id'cnocieer \c-n bi. l.e.'-dl et \)r\Vi .so,/ an 1 » ■ I r I e ( • i d I ' i"' n "c ItSSoU. ]:•' d-f;ls (IC 1 e ii o t a a n ) I r Inaa! ice a m t i'A .r. ]\ ,il ra ;.^i- > Jai i^--^" '^' ^-H^- ^'' ■ i 'i "^^1^- ■^■ dan \yr: la (ii ^p;-! dne} rhcf favoi-i dj ]Ka.pl<\ p^^nti;: al ia .,a( rrc ncaol iaie. i' \I -aia. ;.i^.(!UM«s jteM I" I- d • dn >:invene dn re\ en ;ii,. dd-'n'-coi : i eeces^e la Ljiad -aw 'a 4 ' 1 - . ^-^i )ia.';ra :i (did e aa--: "dea'ia mis. ( ■ ! se I'ap- 1 1 \ (d '11 ! t ( a I ( a (. s > a \ e n ' I s(ca one tan Ihiupicnncs n pa la oe -, a ! .i d i 'i as^( el e! I'■^ it de ^'ai ■« a ; nci\ I.i ( \f-\ a > an !^« a:\er:icmcnt Lvl ,p!f' ••!,; d 'ic ' ',1 a av'\( ;• d - r/'i^ions c- >',""•]•.{■ ^ do S( aa. d .) a a at ^!o- r''VMiie!i; i.idi '^ as-r)n lai>>' lea a r seas svii^n dii: s oe;Mr I" \ ■ ici^.-if lu' ; . ilr d- (" aid);e> lel (jc : a \ /' a ( pendant ccid eani])a;4P''. < '--d aoa: iT^-h" Jr Prrri^, ic !* feMaa- I'M', e.. ,1^' s,.d : '■ i aip j;. noi;\ taoi a.^acoajoc '"st t res jiaoic. II n e pns nafa--' \Mii.d ar.^. ('.envaiv' Iocs cao {\q sa laiv e. i! c^t pitai^ de fan-iic. Va\ a])- 1 'aa^iirn (^^^ iJOiOTaat d- ( ro:rc ' j)ln^ aiakad ;>ux (lisLcactn:n> si !i IC I .,• ; ahdi^nes L,('iaiia'aadn:a'aaaniia(d; no; nes, aar;"*^^'*'^''^' *^^' V^'^^' ^''^ J^^^*' ^'^" '*'^''' ^ '" |d,is dc tin lain a la (loin- da ladj N assv>n. Les ras cl lcs -lainds dc J'Ktai-ipic rcs!c- lanit fiiiclcs an jcuiic nionaaajiic (dndsi \^\r Mcnclik. Dcs nnai^cs s(;niljrc.s sc ;na>npciaod snr Ic nuissif ai>yssia ct j)lancrcnt en pai- ti(ndici' snr Addis-d.ticba (La Nonvelle Idem ). Ma's jdionnnt^ (1(* I'l^.^nee -xistait eii'-ore, <''es( "le sei-vit' nr do (dn-".st, fils de Tevan- -elisle Saint Mare, et a[aiievcc|ue copte pri- ;aal dn rovaannna d idliiopic • , I'illnstre A- honna Mndu'os. Lcs Allies ic s()]ll(dtci(Md de tranehcr !a (rise par sa haute infiiicraaa Abouna Maticaos, apres avoir examine la situation soi-n. nscinent ct conscdencdeusc- ment, jn{((a nt'aessiiire de de-darer I'ex- (a)mniiinicaiti()n et le detrdntmieiU de Lidj Nassou. i:t dans im n;e.ssaL^e aj)Ostoli(|iie notoire adre^se n ri^in])ire Fdhiopien, le '1\) sei)tembre 1 <)!(), ])ia)clania Texpidsion de ladj Nassfcc:, et dc( ida ravt-neinent le /aodilou, tide de i'cinpa rtnir Menelilv) (onuiu^ iin])ei atriec^ (d ic icts ddiffan Ma- koniu n, bcrilici- dii trino/. Adas! Ai>ouna Mathcos so! (d put sauv( r Id-aeipi'a' Idfiiopicn. l/ca\a,\e cj^yi^tien an- j)res d-s pa,\s (lcs Ne.^as -pnl dissip-.a' lcs nnai^a^s, sanvciiardei' aiiisi Idndv'-peruhniec i\r IWbyssine el mainlcnir ic saJnt dn pen- ])ic ('dhiojiicn. Si rareheveiine i\v Mali'aes, bai <:ardina! Mercier, arme de sa seule droitniaa (\v sa i)aicld dc ia)eur et de sa ctiaaate c vani;c!i(jiic, a ^ait nuttre la U^vi-r a ;;eii(aa..\ id a diienda i!\aa- bravonre :a (ansa (ic la l^elLnaiie. dn dioii, (Ic la jus- ti( (' c! (!e la l)Oide. I'aia bcvecpie e.i.npticn Abouna Nladiicos fut ie '.jnveur it ic i)itm- I'aileni- de ridiiiapic. Soil (baa's ie 1 (itaaanl^r*^ \\yi\\ I'nt a)m- in(a'ite j)ar pia sqne tons las journanx dn nn)n(ba l.r l\-}uj)s dflcs son n nun no dn lii jan\ier (itaao'a- dit: ' !c \ de einbre dernier dispaiaussait, avc • I'/viniia \'at!ieos. i'nn Pes (bamiers repres(M] taad.s i!c ia i^cnera- iKoi (pn tira idanpire du .Nd'-.ais n-e M)n ol)s- rarib.'a poai' lui ruaaap. ;■ [\\\v pla^e daa:s ia j)!ddti:[nc ml. raatioa iie ilUistrec la/,- can- nnait j)ar son adiuission a la Socicie dcs Xati(niSM. LWfrKjiic Friinriiisc ]uibde en dc(( aibia^ t'e'dC. Mais fc litre "Kthiijjiie, JKivs inde- pcaianl ■ ricxiie'iit sai\ariil: (>b)rt da TA- bMii:-; .Matina;s ■. Le /du^f i\v r}!;4lise elhio- jijenr.c (iiii a ioue no i^naind ! ale dans la defense de T' adci)(ai(laiOa* dr rcnvpire est (In ede \a 1 (b-ecadoa' a Addis Ala'd^a, a^^'' (\v H',\ an:>. il ctait voiu d'b^i^yptf^ la^ Idhio- 1 Me, sons le roi h:^n > . , ■"» .\n point de mic catho]i(|ne rricadn, <]e pacs s est divisc de la riKrni(a'*N4)nivante : vi- (aiiaal aposloliqne d(es daila an\ i:s (iii S.'Mai( n cl de ■ i\\a!niaa\e. lcs ^\ani;Karid (Ic^^ nns..p\:;aa's i\(' I Condar, ics Zulan, des bords du lae TZiic: et les ne.^'res ChampaJias '■/ • SUR LtTHIOPIE Les languas ^ L'ins|Hio publique. — La justice. — L'arntte. .• \ W 4 Les langues: Sur cc chapitre des laiigues a- byssines je laissc la parok* a une autorite re- mapquuble, M. Marcel Cohen, profcsseur des langues orientales-ui Paris et un des emi- ntints autcurs de Touvrage fameux: aLes Langues du Monde)) dans son rapport sur 5>u mission linguistique en Abyssinic <1010- 10^1 1) presente au >finisteiH? de Plnstruclion Publique, a P^ris: * * Je rej)ro€fuis son resume: «Les parlers de rAbysslnic du nord sont pre^que unkjuemcnt des idiomes seniiti- ques du groupe elhiopien et, sur quelques points vsculenicnt, des dialecl^s aginv (fa- injUe clianiitique); dans le sud sc trouvcnt repaadues, avec quelques esclaves seniili- ques, di verses langues chamitiques du groupe galla et du groupe sldama. . Le groujM} seiiiiticpie ethiopien compose avec Tiirabe et le sud-arabique (niinetMi, himyaritc ou sabccn, etc.) la branchc nir- ridionale de la famillc des langues semiti- ques. II coinprend: a) Je ge'^. ou ethiopien ancien, langue morte depuis loi>gtenips, innis qui si^-vit cpnnne langue ecrite; b) Je ligre (parle en Erythjree et dans la re- gion de Massaoua) et le tigrina ou iigrui (parle en Erythree et dans rextneru^-nord dc rAbyssiiiie) qui sont des rej)rfsentants inodernes du gc'ez; c) Yajnfiariquc, langue officielle de Venipire d'Atxyssiiiie, cpii r;^- presente soil le ge'ez avec Se fortes allc- ratioiis, soit unc laugue non altestee tres pen differeale du ge'eE; d) quckfues au- tres dialectes, tels que le harari ctje gou- rague au sud du domaine andiarique. ^u*. Le chainitique, famille de langues prtmi- tivement apparenlees au seinitique, 6'eu est ecart^ depuis line epoquo prehistorique tres eloignee; on le divise en: a) dialectes berberes de TAfrique du nord occidental; b) vieil-cg\'i)lien et ses derives; c) groupe eouchitique lateau abyssin et la Mer Houge) ct le saho irante larvngale, analogue au ch dur al- lemand; s equivaut a ch du fram;ais, c s^n- siblenient a ich. ... ... D^autre part, le frai>^aYs est cnseigne :i- vec rAmharique dans les ecoles de 1 Llat et les ecoles fraiK^i^^"^- Dans les ecoles religieuses on enseigne le ge*ez et le coptc. , * A la cour du Negus, chez les ihis des pro- vinces aux douanes, dans les consulats elrangers et dans les grandes villes on trou- ve des drogmans (interpretes). .^ Le seul journal ethiopien a Addis-Abe- ba. Le Courrier d'Ethiopie, journal ofhcid, est redige en francais. Instructwn publique: L'.emper^iur Mene- lik II edicta au mois d'o lobre 10O7 uno loi instituant rinstruction obligaloirc pour -, les garcons a parthr de 12 ans. Pratiquement cette loi n'esl pas api)li- uiiee. LVnseignenient est donne par le cler- trc part la juridiction consulaire est en vigueur. Varmee: L'armee reguliere est cvaluec a 100.000 hommes^ et tient garnison dans ^ le pays. Une sorte de niilicc comptant 2J • inille liommes est constituce. La levee en masse donnerait pres dc 2 millions dTiom- nies, selon Tannuaire general francais de A la suite du fameux accor^ du 13 de- cembre 11>0« entre la Erancc, la Crrande- Bretagne et ritaOie pour rorgaaisation de le^rs iaiereis mm filMo pto tut contrftle dti c*"***"*^ «»* aattaMim la ventt«n d*«irtrf«ftii J •tvjjcait. •'**^ •■■-■'' ■ No. 2J1 ' i •«■ »_ ,- i.' - c ^^ iJ AMERICAN CONSULAT^,^ Aden, Arabia, October 8, 192^« Vi'^iT^ 1— lOM International Court of Inquiry at Addis Abafea (KB^idering the attack on British Caravan, !i Thev>Ion i or Distribi.li TAe Secretary of St iw— '"• 7^ W>^iHlNGTOr4« . r» <■• V "* ' T^ ..- / I have the honor to report, further to my xjo. 253 J- ' • dated September Jg, 1927, entitled Ethiopian Government Compensat- ion for the Ogaden attack on a British Caravan, and pointin out that Has Tafari's was anxious to make amends for the attack by apologies, compensation to the injured and the families o the victims and an effort to punish the j^ilty, tiiat , unwtll^ngNS to aooept these offers, the matter has been placed for inciuiry in the hands of an international conimittee of five, of whioh the Belgian Llinister is President, and the British and Italian Ministers, LIr# Kittermaster , Governor of British Somaliland, J^ I and an Ethiopian official representing; Has Tafari, whose name has not been 1-earned, are members. The British point of viev/ was obtained from Sir Geoffrey Archer, a short ti:i.e ago, during a dinner at the home of the Acting Resident at Aden, when I had tiie pleasure of sharing in a conversation with him. He had shared the attacked caravan with the Llaharajah of Kutch on a shooting trip in Abyssinia. Sir Geoffrey Archer, fresh from the wilds and eager ^O 4 4 for / ,m '^■«1»* ^ If. ■,• •• ■?• i.--A\-T- .._^: / V .V r -4- However the article provides food for reflection and seems to contain some SBUill grains of truth* I have the honor to te. Sir, Your obedient se s^iS lerioan Vice Consxil* ISno Insures : From "Correspondanoe d 'Ethiopia", Addis Al)al>a, September 10, 1927, q.uoting London "Workers 's Life". Original and four copies to the Department* 1 copy to the Embassy, London* 1 oopy to the Embassy, Conal^antinople, 1 copy to the Legation, Athens* File Ho. S50 if" ■ ■«M 6n i i ^ S««*jfcB». (COPY) Enclosure Name of Journal; "Correspondanoe d^Ethiopie", Plaoe: Addis Abata, Abyssinia, Date: September 10, 1927. c Cm^orkers' Life" London, 29-VII-19E7) iffiADY TO SNATCH ABYSSIITIA. Ceiravan impudence and a strong protest. Abyssinia has been a centre of diplomatic intrigue for years, and was only recently able to express sufficient independence to join the League of Nations. European Powers, especially Britain, do not like to see an independent State in Africa; they fear it will be an example to the states governed by Europe. They have, therefore, been waiting for a chance to attack Abyssinia. Last year the Abyssinian Government "blew the gaff" on a nice little plan laid by Chamberlain and Mussolini to put an eoonouiic strariglehold on Abyssinian transport and water supply, as a preliminary to partition. Since then the Imperialists have been anxiously plajining revenge. How anxiously can be Judged by the flimsiness of the pretext of the "strong protests" made last week. A British caravan loaded with supplies wished to pass through Abyssinian territory, and sent a letter to the Abyssinian Government to that effect. Instead, however, of waiting for the naoessary permit, the caravan pushed their way txirougli — and were fired on by Abyssinian troops. This incident iias been so magnified by the British Government that a "first class crisis" is threatened. i ! ^ t I RECD No. 11 AMEP 1— I i SULATE, ilfN'J Oh ;-.! toll / C /^ r--* . >" ^ \ \ , Novembep 29,- 1927. - nian Outrage Inq.ui: «* .V... V) Tme Honorable Oi l_>lwL* ^^ .z' ! The SECRpTARY OF State, ty Wash^gton. Sir: I have the honor to refer to Mr, Parkas three iespatohes •ning // conoernliu; th*" reoent attaok oil a British caravan in Ethloi>ia: / ^ J ^ 7/Jl 4r Ko. 245 /of ATigust 12, No. 253/ of fieptember 3, and Ho. 27 October 8, 1927 The following extract from "East Africa" of November fe^ '^ purports to give the result of the investigations made by the mixed Court of Inq.uiryi " ABYSS DflAU OUTRAaE IHQUIKY " . "& 2,500 damages awarded by Court. "A cable from Addis Ababa states that the Court of Inquiry sitting at Harrar to investigate the oiroumstanoes in which a caravan on its way to Join the Maharao of Batch and Sir Greoffrey Archer was attao]ced in Abyssinian territory last June, has awarded damages of $25,000, which includes the |10,000 already paid. (Ten Abyssinian dollars are equivalent to the pound sterling). The Court, which also recommends the dismissal of Gadla GMorgis, the Chief of JiJJiga, is composed of two British and two Abyssinian representatives, under a neutral president, the Belgian Minister, M. Orrand*" It is to be noted with satisfaction "East Africa", a publication which was previously most severe in its accusations and most uncompromising in its attitude towards the Ethiopian Government, now confined itself to a simple statement of the findings of the Court of Inquiry, \7hlle satisfaction is not expressed -4' ^ip . , ; ^ I •4^ -2- expressed over the award., the laok of orltiolsm seems to imply a wlllin^ess to regard the progress of events in a oonoiliato: manner* A new note of disoord is struck, however, in the issue of "East Afrioa" on the following week* The discord in this case is one l)etween Great Britain and France* " EAST AFR10A. V "Hovemter 10, 1927. " ABTSSIHIAH OUTRAaE nrOPIRY ". - . . . •«» "Award strangely construed in France. "Last week we reported that the Court of Inc^uiry sitting at Harrar, under a neutral President, the Belgian Minister to Abyssinia, to investigate the outrage on a oaraveui on its way to Join the Maharao of Kutoh and Sir (r^offrey Archer, had recommended the dismissal of the Chief of JigJiga and awarded damages of &2,500 to the British parties interested. "Even this clear proof of Abyssinian culpability has, we regret to note, been ignored by the Continental Press, certain influential organs of which are propagating the idea that the inquiry has established the innocence of the Abyssinians emd the first fact that the/firing came from the British caravan. Such news- papers — — and French publications are among them — — are representing that the amount which Ethiopia has been called upon to pay is solely in respect of the baggage pillaged by brigands during the incident." The resentment which "East Africa" feels over what it considers to be an attempt on the part of the l^ench press to discredit British prestige in Ethiopia by represeiiting the Court's award as merely damages for baggage destroyed, rather than as solemn H .41 -ft u. ■■■§ .■■f^ I ■-^■. V: '5:; '/7 % ; It'., •t 1 '^"M f i -3- Bolemn roparatlon for Brltlah. lives, Is Imt axiothor illustration of the feellzig which exists between Franoe and Oreat Britain in Ethiopia Other manifestations of this same disoorlant feeling may be mentioned briefly as follows: 1« Failure of Great Britain to invite Franoe to part- ioipate in 1935 A^eement. V 2« Sub8eq.uent Trenoh hostility to 1925 Agreement. 3. Controversy over Railroad between Frenoh and British interests* 4. British feeling that Franoe regards 1906 Agreement as no longer operative. 5. British feeling that Franoe is seeking speoial favor with the Ethiopian Grovemment and that Franoe is not supporting the Powers in their stand against slave- raiding and the smuggling- in of arms* 6. Opposing interests of Franoe and Great Britain in Ethiopia; Franoe having the railroad and the port of ^ Jibuti to develop and very limited frontiers to vex her relations with the Has; while Great Britain has the extensive frontiers of Somaliland and the Sudan to proteoti and few interests internally other than the long- oheri shed Tsana Dam, I have the honor to be. Sir, Your obedient servant, QJLoj^Ss^ oj. CXxdj^d^f^ Clayson W« Aldridge, American Vioe Consul in Charge. Original and four oopies to the Department. Copy to: Amtrioan Embassy^ London. American Legation, Athens. Americcm Conaiilate Gehersil, Singapore. File Ho. 350 SID. } . _-^,. / REC u € No. 2^- O A M E F^«f^^u|rjgo -Ine uir- "VT WE Secretary of State. K Washington. r Sir: 1 I -* i. I hc'.ve t'.e honor to i'e':'v.r to irj dospatcli ::o./ll of IToveiauer £C3, 15£7, \/ita re "v-reiicje to the Coart of 1:\c^^jJ.ry airjointQd to invcGtijate t-ie rece-t cttach 0-0 u :]riti3h caia^ o caravan in hthio-oia KC • ^ /m canticle ai-pecrinr in the issue of "Sast Airiou" for th.e \/eeh of Decemhor 15, 1027, 1 10 tod jelov; as of ■ooosible interest to th.e De^.art..:ei:t ; II • r ^YSJI cu TTi- • n >tf M '^aravG dlssaticfcctioii in r.ritiG:! cirole a ^ers, pa.rtioulavly Lrer:.ici:y , •p oontiir^e to I'eprooeiit l.s a sct-bacic ror areau ori..azn^ the award i.iade jy tlie Co^ai't of In.yaiiy a_iOintecl to li^.vestijat tlie attach by so.:e ti;o •; uidred A":r:sG-L-.ia:a soldiers or. tlie GoU'.;ei caravan er. route tj joiii the Ilaliarao of Kutoh a:id 3ir "eof fi»ey. . / Archer. It is :hhSo Ga.-estcd t/.at tlie attac]: \;a.s made 'oy bri^^iiBrs TT ^^i]a..t Africa'^, in viev/ of the repetition of these British stu ue/.ieiits, has .ade e:aurastiYe enciiiries i2i autlio i- taTive. circles, a::, is able to state that £;r ;ve dissatisfaction isMf elt at the a\7ard, v/'iicj. is reyai^ied ar. ^uite Inadeyaate by t;ie I!aii|H?ao .Jid by Sir C-eoff^'oy Ai'chsr. It .las been establisiied bo^'ond doubt th^at tiie attac]: v/:.s :.iade j^' Abyssinian rj£;\iLars, v;ho ].illed eiv^jht of the ^" tiie li.iior the;,' could find Soiiiali escort, dran]: a±x riated or do^ui'oyed the '.f.io than 120 oa: .el-loads • 1'ie c in .1 i 1 1 e d after t ho ^: e r s o .1 rd p r on i se of the he ye :it , ?j\ s la fa r i a.ia ayyrop- e of tlie oa^^ylies a:;:0-a:itiny to no less ravest issue is th.at this outra .t3 \;as tiiat the caravan — -.1 ^ 1 1 a ^^> o i V en s a f e - c onduc t fron t';e border of ^r itisli 3on:.lila2id n n x^ distressin;' fact v/hich v;e have learned is th^.t the car a vail v/as^mider tfie coia.xaid tlie British service for ye r »^ itivo effendl xu^o had been in ;;he.:i o.e v;as offered :a •■?. » *^ - ^ the trft^il . ftiiMi / ■■^/:: ■'>■ "tlie 1. iiiour of c;o:iduG uing tlie pL-.rty, pleaded tliat Jie \/a8 "tcjo old for 3d0i. V;Or':« Loaxiii:i^', ]iov/ ver, tLa-'u tlie stores v/ure to Le delivered to 3ir Geoffrey Arorer, inider xi]io\:i le luid served for years in oo..ialiland, ]ie asked tkat he laijrt undej-tcfze tue jo\u'yiQj ^ siy:iifyi:i; taat it would be al;. last piece of active \/oj.'': lie v/as killed V7^.:eii tke Abyssiiiians overra.n tke cain-' n Tkex-e can "be little doubt tlu.t tke dlssatis:;ae oion v/hieli is i.oM eapressed, is d.ie la so..:e part to tlie feeling that the ^"reiiL;:! ' 1 1 1 CJ-er^aCJi 'ress are eiideavorinc; to discredit Great ( ritain i:: the e:.-es of the Abyssiaians. I shoald .-dd t'lat I have not Stjeu the press ai-ticles \y:lch refereiioo Is i.i.:.de in the article .uoted^ j- ~y-* I h; /. e thu honor zo oe, oi^ , ar obedieiit servc^nu, CI . son "./. A .li'icl. -e, ikj']eric:'--n Vice C 0.1 snl i - 1 ;.» -fej(-' „» * :i'.i .4imdk: -2- ( "that he gave orders for the attack in the belief that the encamped party belonged to a locaJL tribe against whom he was conducting punitive operations does not seem credible, unless it indicates criminal carelessness, as the caravan was encamped by a main road €Qid had lighted fires all over its zariba. "No one familiar with local conditions could have mlstSLlcen the appearance presented by the British caravan; it contained only the smallest percentage of armed men customaxy in any caravan in Abyssinia or Somaliland, and consisted mainly of baggage -camels. Neither is it at all likely that the few armed men in the British caravan, who were well-disciplined under the command of an exceptionally reliable headman, and who had every inducement to complete the Journey without trouble, would have fired the first shots at a party approaching them." I have the honor to be. Sir, Your obedient servant, Clayson \Y, Aldridge, American Vice Consul in Charge. File No. 800/350. SID. Original and four copies to the Department. Copy to the Embassy, London. DOCUMENT FILE NOTE •tKifenQp/M FOR .P?/!P**5?^-.i?.?. FROM - Aden TO ( Aldridge \ DATED •^•"••^?L«-^?.^?. NAME 1— liar a to REGARDING: s ■ I Abyaslnia* ActiTlties of Abyssinian poaohera* A threatened attaok on frontier rillacee irerb of Sat it Rirer by Abyaainian bricands* ProMotioQ to Oorernor and Commander-in-Chief of Falkland Islands of Urm Arnold Hodson^ His Majesty's Consul for South-West Abyssinia. A. fp t Ik -T£-.«;w' - ^a^ - \ 4 ^rft, •f -'j^^ < **'• '0 '4 _y ITo . 3ft lAra, Aje«|»ia, imanmxj 18, X^zhm 3 BJECT: Bi>l«f i^raM •t Bc»Xitlo«l l)rr«IopB«Bt« in 8«4 Sm District, 19S6« I THE HONORABLE THE SECRETARY OF STATE '.TASHE^IGTON, SIR; I I IUT« %h% hmnoT to mtcl^m •oyica of ■•▼•rai •ztraeta •t tlM Svtai la 19M (9«i«i Bo* 2, I9S7, Ond, 2991) as p«kllali«d in pari ¥7 tiM "laar Saat aai laila," BaaaaWr 29, 1987« fha aztraats in oaaatian ar» ta)aaii tnm tita aiiaptar an "nraatiara" and ralata to ^a Bad|as, Aair aaA Taaaa, At^aainla aat aritraa* TImj ara aateittad In tha ballad that, alttea^ tha infamatiaa tharain aaanot ba ra^rtad aa awrraat palltleal aava. tha^ mmj ba at aosa intarost to %tf Sapartaant, laaflBaah aa thay rafvaaant an affort to aawiarisa in tiM briafaat yaaaibla fom, %IM oatataaiiBg areata in tka aoantriaa nantiaaaA, daring tha jaar 1926. I hava ^a kaaar ta ba. Sir, Taar abadiaatt aarraat. Olayaaa W« Aliridga, Aaariaan Ylaa CwtvidL in Charira 4 axtraata tnm Bafnrt on tlM 9«lnn, 1916 (fha latins, Asir aai ^oma, Abgmslnia ant jrilvaa)* Original and fanr aaf iss ta tlia Bafsrtnsnt Cajgr ta: A<^sris«n aibssay , lasiaw* Annrissa Isinaiqr* ^^mum* Aasrissa Isibsssy , CaastaBtinapla. s* !• C*, Paris* ^^^,^„^^v_,^V -- -'*<^-'>(«,U.^ J '■*»*■* ^u^ aaf3^»yy# ti ih« a«t )9tob«r, IV.^ , JiUian ^bd«X Axis AK^tl HAhs&n- < •l-kin~SRu\ w'-n offlolalXjr r«90^tlft«d a T.ixi^ ol B^&^mr by Hie IKaJveiy*^ C>ov9]m'i«nt« >ina« tii«n Uc \wm A«T«t«A himB^XX with •oneldo «bl0 •orgy it^^^i ?tt«^#«8 to thf> tmrnk of a ?!Ui«Xii»tlBK lUls rule In the Rsdjas u/id ll^^d, ftnd pulillo ^o«urlty haa lle^a w«IX MiiBtalB»d, nltu th« result %hm.% piXffpiMm haT« en^agrvA «ii ItB^mnlty -'rtm lni«rf«r«nde hitherto \mkn«im« }>ou'ln£ th« pll^^ria*^ aMMi«n & M9iiX«» •(mf9r«ii««, att«iio aealvt th« 3uAa& d«T«iM!Hmt In Ita of fort 6 to ro^^uXato tho A^rloan plXgrl* tiraffle, and i%ti %hif% end la view has proliibltod dl soa^arkabliB «f plIipPlMi at all pXaoos ot lor than JodAah. lb) kmir tanA YtiotD* :>al]rld-AXl-«l*Idrl«l, tho imlor of t- • kair, warn sarly i;i ih& year depoi^od by hl@ utiolo* 3alyl4»oi-Baaaii* The now mXor 8«Jba«i3U«ntX^' oonoXu^lod a troatj v^lth Ibo ^^jbA, in whloh ho yf y » nlaod th« mmoralnty of tho Kln^ of tho B»dJ«s oror tho XdFisi b«ivi« torloa ^hlXot retaljiln^ a Boaoure of aatMum' ^^ lnt«i»aX affiiir«« ?ho ostabilshf»ont of a Madjasl rrotootoratt 9WT a«1j> ao««nb«iat«d the dlfforaxioo botweou Xbn Siiad anl tho Xwui Taligfmt «te Xaya oXala to A^lr &b part of klo aiMoatvaX doin|nlom» thaM havt booQ froquent naaorts of liipejidXii^ h^mtlXltles foXXoivod by laaooaloalTa 4. •2- g^l^pi^pt 00B«liuilT« ao«o\tt%B of p««o«tuI negotiations. ¥h« ItaAm's ^Apltml mis rtsitod ligr an Italian 4«lagati«n haadad tijr Slipaor daajparini, Garaznor of Srltraa, aM a traatjr toatvaoa Italy and tlia Inaa was na^stlatsd. Italy raaacmisM tlia luAspsBdaast of tho Iraam*s tarrltorlss and raoalTas trada faallitiss and prafsjv anoe vith ragaxd to oonsMsions for Alaas» railways, ata* Abyssinia* Tha aotlYltias of Abyssinian poaaiiars, rafarrad to in last yaar's roport, oontlnusd, aspaaially in tha aaidiar part of tha year, and on saTaral osoasians shots wara azshaufad batveen armed bands and tha pollaa* In April His Ma pasty's Consul at Xian^lla iMt Negpadras 2)asta, an A^sainian sffisial sant by Ras Taffari to inctuira into thsse inaidoats* Xha Kafadras aipraad to tha oonsul's pcroposals that Fltanrari Zallaloa^ ^bta Abyssinian (larsmor at Balaya, should ba raaallad, as ha was aithar unwillinif or naabla to prarent thasa ooourrsa&aas, and in Avigust it was raportad that Ras Taffari had oonaantad to his disnisaal* /. thra&tanod attaoJc on front iar Tillafss wast of tha Satit RlTtr by Abyssinian brigands who had raroltad against Has AyalawvL failad to oiatarialiss, and a oonplaint to tha aff^st that a British offloar had "drlsd up** tha watars of a frantiar rirar naar ailabat was InTastigatad ^ a British and an Abyssiaian affisial and prorad to ba without foundation* ^*ha daath aaavrrsd in T>9—m^9T sf 7itauntrl Hapta aiarcis, K.C.ll.O., for aany years Mlnlstar of Iar and OoTaaior of tha SautH* am ^'roTlnaas* Ha was «m of ths "Xldars of MantlUc", and a prlBdlf* OoTanaaant SiMHM ahangas in tha distrlb«tian of offisas in ths CamtMl OaraiuMBt and in provinsial goramorships* Mr ■■^.'Cm^^^,^^j^ / Mr* Arnold Hodaoa, C*H«0,, Hit lla^s^*t €pat«l for South- \vevl Abyoftinla, has boon proaotod to ^ O^Tomor aad CoMHaiiAor»ln*Chiof of tho falkXaad laXaa&a* Hio vido JOftOwXod^po of AlqrMlBia and hla ooayloto nadorotawdtn^ of tho froatiitir problOBO havo boon of tho froatoot Taluo to tho t^AMSBk OoTomaont^ 1 Sritroa* Cordial roXatioao woro BalBtalaod with tho :ritroan author! tloo« Tho daa on tho Oaoh RiTOr at toaonoi aas ooaplotod In tlmo for tho flood and ahout 9^000 foddaaa voro pat tndor oultlTatloa* «iiS9g«« /, /V LEGATION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, November 7th, 1928. ».'' ''/ .-' '' v: X "C . - ^ • t '«'*■.<''. I »-- _-*- 0'.^ a- ^^ No. 9S, — i / r ^ < ,--^ TJba Honolcable Oy L-,. % The Secretary of State, Washington. Sir: /' / - T «. <\ CO r-^ ^ -N o >^i I have the honor to report that two incidents occiir- ring during the week following the coronation of His Majesty, King Tafari Mialconnen, have been used by certain malcontents in Ethiopia in an endeavor to represent Moslem opposition to the new King. One incident occurred in the area near the junction of the Ethiopian frontier with the frontiers of British and French Somalilands. A number of Somali and related Moslems were killed by Ethiopian soldiers. The incident was not of an uncommon sort, and had no political signifi- cance. The Somali and related Moslem subjects of less v*« •k • tractable j\ V »/ r -2- c tractable sort In the Empire oooasionally have a fight with Ethiopian soldler-polloe stationed In their areas to keep peaoe and order. The Somali Is a ylvaolous hut qtuarrelsome fellow. Controversy Is one of his ohlef diversions. He Is always willing to fight. Henoe the ocoaslonal clashes with Ethiopian soldiers who perform the functions of police. The causes of such clashes are usually trivial and are sometimes even unascertalnable. Seldom do they have a political significance. The other Incident occurred In Addis Ababa and amoiinted In effect to a fight over money collection between local Arabs and Armenians. The fighting spread over a certain qxiarter of the city and resulted even In some Europeans and some Ethiopians being attacke In the heat of the fray. The affair Is reasonably well described by the attached copy of a circular letter which was addressed to each of the local Legations on behalf of the Arab community of Addis Ababa, many members of which are under British protection. As Indicated In the opening paragraph of this despatch an attempt has been made to give both Incidents a political aspect connected with the recent coronation of King Tafarl. The former heir to the throne, Lij Tasu, who was deposed In 1916 as the result of a revolution In which Tafarl was one of the leaders, has for some years been a state prisoner at the town of Flche less than a hundred miles from Addis Ababa. The reason »»•«»->. f •*' -3- reason for the reyolutlon against Mm was his alleged espousal of Islam as the religion of his paternal ancestors. From that time he has been regarded by the Moslem minority of Ethiopia as their ohampion. The Moslems woiild like to see him restored to power and C make any possible effort to represent that he still has strength of following in the country. Such has been the purpose of the attempted misinterpretation of the two incidents here in-bef ore described. It is not apparent that Lij Tasu has any really strong following in the country. The recent coronation of King Tafarl removes practically the last hope of those few who might have hoped for the restoration of LIJ Tasu. The strength, influence, and other attributes of the Moslem population of Ethiopia constitute subject matter for one of the planned future reports from this office. These two happenings have not been of great looal of having on record what seems an accurate report and interpretation of already closed Incidents which might conceivably reach international newspapers in considerably distorted form. Undoubtedly such use has been attempted by certain influences of apparently no great importance within and without the Ethiopian Empire. There has been some gossip that British Interests have seen in these incidents a possible opportunity for embarassing the Ethiopian Government. Such -s p importance. They are reported mainly for the purpose • 1 »ip@ p' "- ' - ' .-L -4- r Suoh gossip does not, howeyer, seem at this time to deserve more tlian passing consideration. I have the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, Enclosure • I ' ^ v>-r* f TRANSULTION. A. L. GARDINKR, M. A., L. L. B. Addis Ababa, Abyssinia, October 25, 1928. SxoeHanoy : I have the honor to enolose» for your information, a copy of the letter addressed by my clients, the Arab oominunity, to His Majesty Tafari Hakonnan, on the subject of the incident in the city on Sunday the 14th October. Please accept, Excellency, the assurance of my '(; i high consideration. (Sgd.) A. L. Gardiner. Sis Excellency the Belgian Minister. His Excellency the Italian Minister. His Excellency the French Minister. His Excellency the American Minister. His Excellency the German Charge d* Affaires His Excellency the Greek Consul General. His Excellency the Turkish consul. I (copy already sent to the British Legation) »4 i *-. • t /*. ^ J*^Jt^:i&A^ft'- *^^«ifeH- TRANSULTION Addis Ababa, Ootober 22nd» 1926 His Ifiajasty King Tafari Makonnen, Addis Ababa. whioh on aooount of Its insignifi canoe would ordinarily have passed unnotload, beooiMs important and bas had very unpleasant and regrettable consequenoes, owing to the spirit of hostility nourished by certain Armenians towards the Arabs who inhabit this country, with the manifest purpose of vitiating the atmosphere of peace wherein they live. We are deeply afflicted, Sire, that such an incident should have taken place at the moment when the country rejoices tn the coming of Your happy reign. The Arabs, who foresee in this reign the most beautiful promise f ' sir? M I ^■'< ?■■■ Deeply respeotful and animated by the most ardent loyalty, we have the honor of laying before Tour Royal Majesty the account of an inexcusable aggression on the part of a group of Annanians of which we have been the victims, against both our personal security and our religious beliefs, without any motive and for the most insignificant of pretexts. Your Majesty no doubt must have learned of the dispute which broke out on Sunday, October 14th, 1986 between an Arab and an Armenian driver. This incident, I ■- S t .!■« :V| *»#f -E- promlse for tlia destiny of this Boiplre, wish from the depths of their hearts that It may he an era of happiness and prosperity for Tour loyal subjects and for those who hare adopted this country as their second fatherland. In submitting the present to Your Royal Miajesty our purpose Is to dissipate all the wrong which has been falsely charged to us and to renoVe from all minds any traces of doubt concerning our sentiments of faithfulness towards Your August person as well as towards Your GOTem ment. We haTC learned. In fact, that a group of Armen- ians haye chosen to turn this unpleasant Incident to account by Inventing the fiction of a sedition which the Arabs might hsTC fomented, and by publishing In a news- paper of the Capital an article wherein they hare thrown the responsibility of the affair upon the Arabs, without scrupling about the truth, accusing them of fanaticism and of xenophobia. This necessarily calls for a reotifioation, which the following account, which re- produces the truth faithfully, shall give. On October 12th, 1928, an Armenian driver went to the shop of an Arab who sells gasoline and oil to purchase a can of oil on credit* The Arab shop boy replied that he could not grant the credit without the authorization of the employer. Two days later, at 4:00 o» clock (10:00 A. M. European style), this shop boy went to the market place to collect from Armenian drlTcrs amounts they owed to the •|yf M.' ^1 ;•-*. '.iiKAJitaf^ ' -3- tlie shop. By oliaiio* he mat the driver in question who asked him the reason why he had refused him credit. The boy did nothing hut repeat his fomer answer and the matter might have ended there. But the driver having gone so far as to insult the ixah and even to insult his religion publicly, a discussion followed, which led to blows. At this moment a few Armenians made their appear- ance and came to join their colleague against the boy in question. The sabanias present having done nothing, three Arabs intervened and separated the parties. On the same day at 6 o* clock (12 M. European style) the same Arab went once more to collect debts as usual. As soon as the driver, the author of the aggression, saw him he descended from his car. The Armenian drivers present taking the Armenian* s part, all fell upon the Arab and thrashed him soundly. Four Arab drivers who were on the spot, attempting to intervene, were also beaten in their turn. The zabanias of the motor car station who had stopped the Arabs allowed the Armenians to continue fighting. Soon after this the mob was dispersed. Again on the same date at 10 o*clock (4:00 P. M. European style) the Arabs came out as usual to take a walk. Armenians who were on the place began to ihsult them and overwhelm them with sarcasm for having taken to flight in the morning (at 6 o'clock). From words they came %r^ mm « ^ ^^■idtSiii'^ 4 -4- oaQi9 to blows. While this was going on some Armenians and Greeks fired shots. Had it not been for proyidential goodness the blood of the Arabs would have been spilled in sight of the public and of the zabanias. Suoh are the faots, Sire, in their strictest truth; it is beyond doubt that Your Majesty with Its perfect clear-sightedness of mind, and who has always assured the respect of all the religions in Its territory, will agree that to insult our religion is to offend us deeply in what we hold most sacred. Your Majesty will agree that armed attacks upon peaceful inhabitants would not contribute to the maintenance of security in a country which has perfect calm under Your GoYernment. Armenians, though the sole promoters of the aggres- sion, have hoped to use such incidents, provoked and stirred up by themselves, to spread disorder in the quiet population of the country (not a new thing for them) • History is the impartial witness of the ruination of States where the Armenians have received shelter. There is not one of the peoples who have welcomed and received them with hospitality that has not bitterly regretted having extended them kindness. As to us. Sire, our history in all the countries where Arabs have lived attests our love of peace and our gentleness. We seek nothing but to work for the economic development of the States which welcome us, in an atmos- phere of tranquility and quietude. At no moment have we participated isirt m m M ■■•■».■ f * •? •§ -5- ( partioipated In a oonaplraoy alaod against the axlstenoe of States, or tending to create animosity among peoples* And In tills oountry, long before the Armenians, and from the time of the late Illustrious Baperor Ifenellk II and of Tour Avigust Father, the late Bas iftiloonnen, we haTe settled In Barrar and In Addis Aba ha, we haye from the first hour been deToted with honor and peaoe to all the trades and we hsTe been considered as brothers of the natlTes of Sthlopla* As to our relations with the foreigners, they hawe always been marked with the sinoerest oordlallty and we haTe nerer conmltted an aot, whioh oould have endangered their stay or in any way have prejudiced their interests. Coas^rm, Sire, between the histories of the two races and You will easily distinguish the true from the false. You will also understand which of us two must t -.ti I •* r' bear the responsibility of this incident, and who tried to spread disturbance in the country. If it is neoessary to haye another proof to what we haye put forward, we shall draw it from the article published by them in the "Courrier d'Ethiopie." Considering their account as true we haye the right to ask, in fact, how the abop boy who had collected as they state the price of this can of kerosene, and who consequently ms entirely satisfied, oould haye been the author of the aggression? Is this logical? What is the 1 . C -^ .i«H»-,J»^ -*'-*'*'*>'«^h|^i I -6- Is the motlYe? TliiB is what these Oentleisen do not tell us. Besides y it is more logical and more allowa'ble that the Aimenian driTer, who desired to hare his money re- funded and who did not suooeed, might hsTe entertained a resentment against the seller and might hsTe wished to t take vengeanoeltt Furthermore, wtaf do the authors of this article who write, **an in(iuiry has been opened ... which shall dis- close the respeetire faxilts ", hasten to add, "we do not think that the British Legation will pexmit rioters to entrench themselres behind the Snglish flag?** It is no longer an insinuation but a formal accusation which they taming against the irabs, and which in their minds is intended perhaps to influence the inquiry, attempting to escape by means of confusion. It is the duty of the parties, we belieye, in such an affair, to help the law in its work by adopting an attitude of silence and by desisting from every intimation and from every suggestion. This is why we are convinced. Sire, that Your Majesty will Judiciously appreciate our attitude and that of the victims concerned in this unpleasant affair which might have led to bloodshed. With Tour spirit of Squity, Yotu will not pay any attention to the accusations brought against us all, through malevolence* Please accept. Sire, the respects of our deep loyalty and the assurance of our strong fidelity. (Signed By) : Seid Bu&ed el Bar Seid Zftin Seid Biassan el Bar Koznan Hagui Seid Itohd. Bahroon Ahmed Saleh Seid Ifohd. el Mohdar Seid Abdul Waseh Seid Abdulla Nahgouz Si Bsji Tehia el Barazi. Sheikh Seid Basra Ali BBunood INisiri Omer Saadi. I* I i \ iy* / t DOCUMENT FILE i NOTE it* SEE 884.01/8 FOR #108 f ■.4. FROM TO Atysainia / Southard \ d^^ted Dec. 11, 1928 NAME 1—1117 •»• \ REGARDING V ambition and dissatisfaction on the nart of Has Hailu Ta I OF THE UNITED 'sVaTIS;^^ OF AMERICA /Etliicyp^a. •',, '/I » »' t * •..) February 9tli, 1929. / " i il929 ^ /v. «» /• y -?ti V. .i ^ f > / ■? / c / r:» CO I ;, K ojSTRIPUTinw rw^ .J .'• n 1^^ ^ -www*" The Honorable •ji „ » '•■»■ itmimtmt* \ ■ . » J The Secretary of State, Washington. Sir: I have the honor to report that the news has reoently reached Adiis Ababa of fighting between Ethiopian chieftains in that^part of the country which lies south of aor^ and the Sobat riyer and which adjoins Uganda, All details hare not been confirmed but the main event appears to have beeij. a battle between the Dejazmatoh Taye and his forces on the one side and the Dejazmatoh Desta D^jatii and his forces on the other. The foraner is gOTemor of a part of the , ; : > rTi V 4 ;_ -I r \ i i .fX=L ' ' *?». ^ ' jr c -2- the provlnoe or area of Gulmira aod the latter is governor of an important part of the adjacent pro- vince of Eaffa. Demtu has been reported defeated and to be fleeing towards Addis Ababa. He is the son-in- law of King Tafari and the latter is reported to have despatched for the southwest such troops as can be spared from his Addis Ababa garrison. Tay^ is in the same practical degree of descent from King Sehala Selassie (see chart idiioh accom- panied Diplomatic Despatch No* 40 of June 26th, 1926] as is King Tafari. He has conside^^ed him- self and has been considered by others as equally entitled to the throne. However, his branch of the family has not been of sufficient strength to / push his claims against Taf)ari and he is not him- self of sufficient intelligence and ability to command much outside support. He has been dis- posed of by assignment to the minor governorship of the district of Gulmira where he now resides. Demtu is not of royal birth although his family is of the aristocracy. He started active « life as a page at the oourt of the late Smpress TaitoUi widow of Meneleke When she was banished from Addis Ababa he voluntarily went with her and thereby gained a reputation for gallantry and loyalty. After her death he had no position of importanoe t .R "^% •.fe -3- importCLnoe and was knoim in Ethiopia as what would be called in Europe a houleyardier « He oame into prominenoe a few years ago by bringing about the capture of the fugitive Lij Tasu who, for some years after the revolutions of 1916 and 1917, could not be captured. So long as the deposed Yasu was at large Tafari»s position was far ^Tom secure and there was \ nothing so much desired by him as the apprehension and imprisonment of the former heir to the throne. Desta Demtu did this, some say by stratagem and others say by treachery. However the accomplish- ment oame about he thereby earned the great gratit- ude of Tafari who promptly gave him a title and a place on the government pay roll. Demtu, who is handsome and intelligent, soon improved his oppor- tunities to the extent of gaining the hand of Taf- airi's daughter in marriaige about two years ago. Becoming a son-in-law of Tafari brought further elevation in rank to the fortunate Demtu and last year he was appointed a Dejazmatch and given a large part of the great but distant province of Kaffa to govern. He left for there about eight months ago, taking with him Tafari »8 daughter. Tay^»s grievance against Demtu is not yet def- initely known in Addis Ababa. It is possible that he resented the latter being given a more importcint governorship :)' f K •X- -4- ( governorship than he, a maaiber of the royal line of Solomon, had been given. It is also possible that he has cherished a grudge against Demtu for the capture of his oousin Li J Yasu* Another rea> t son for his hostility to Demtu might be because of the latter* s position as a member of Tafari*s fam- ily, and as the letter's alleged agent provocateur in political matters. At any rate trouble has occurred with misfortune apparently for Desta Demtu. The Dedjazmatch Tay^ is a member of the Empress* party and when Tafari proceeds to punish him, as he must, there may arise further friction in Addis Ababa Tay4 is evidently preparing for trouble as the re- ports indicate that he has enlisted on his side the / Dedjazmatch Haile iiariam Lenma, another princeling of the royal line of Solomon who governs a district of Guimira adjoining that of Tay^. Haile Mftriam is a former pal of Li J Yasu. He is not a very in- telligent or able man but has a great reputation as a fighter. He is said to have only two diversions, one of which is fighting. Neither of these two fellows has a large force but combined they can make some trouble for Tafari, particularly as the latter has not sufficient arms and ammunition to hold his own at Addis Ababa and at the same time send a strong force into the field. :i|i n ♦« This -y'^i -5- Thls is, of course, another result of British- French- Italian policy which will not permit Tafari to import sufficient arms and ammunition even for ordinary police purposes. Yet the three countries wish to hold him strictly to account for the pre- servation of internal order and consolidation of the central power in outlying provinces. They shriek through the international press when matters do get a "bit out of hand, and may conceivably use this latest incident as further propaganda to en- deavor to prove the failure of the central Ethiop- ian Government in keeping order within the Empire. The nearest important chieftain to the seat of the disorder is the Ras Ne^^, a powerful and influ- ential member of the Ethiopian nobility. His seat of government is at Gor^-Gambela . Wonder is ex- pressed at Addis Ababa that he hasn't "spanked" the Dedjazmatohes Tay^ and Haile Mariam. While he is of the party of the Empress he has usually supported Tafari in the interests of the progress and prosper- ity of the country. Incidentally Desta Demtu was adopted by him as a son after Ethiopian custom. His adopted son has not lately been on very good terms with him but there is no apparent reason why he shouldn't help him in the recent trouble. Ras Nado is an intelligent and able man but is frequently and for long periods in his cups when he doesn't care much M }i 4 i m > c -6- muoh what happens. It Is possible that a prolonged drinking bout has kept him from taking notice or ao' tlon In the affair whloh has apparently resulted In the rout of his adopted son. Further news from the southwest must be awaited* « The affair Is generally reckoned to be a person- al quarrel between Desta Demtu and Taytf. There Is, of course, always the possibility that Tay4»s attack on Demtu is meant as an Indirect blow at Tafarl. His enlistment of the support of Halle Mar lam lends color to that opinion. Should such have been his purpose the Inactivity of Ras Nado may also be explained. Nado probably smarts to some extent still with the party of the Empress oyer Tafarl* s Italian treaty and convention and perhaps would be not unwilling to see trouble started for the present King and Regent Plen- ipotentiary. Should such be his attitude It could easily Infect his next most Important neighbor to the north, Ras Hallu of God jam. The latter* s attitude towards Tafarl is set forth In my Diplomatic Despatch No, 108 of Di&c^ber Ittft, 1928. Such Is a possible chain of consequences of the Demtu-Tay^ trouble. The next few weeks will develop the meaning of what did happen and of what may happen. It Is also significant that Tay^, Halle Marlam, Nado, and Hallu all govern parts of Ethiopia adjacent to r -7- to Britlah Africa and are frequently rumored to be subsidized with arms and ammunition by the neigh- boring British colonial officials. such arms and ammunition are allegedly for the purpose of strength- ening the Ethiopian chieftains in controlling ele- phant poaching and "slaye raiding" about which the British complain so bitterly and loudly with alleg- edly little tangible evidence to support them. The Trtiole affair may turn out to be comparative- ly unimportant but it has sufficient potentialities to warrant this somewhat detailed discussion of its various angles. Whatever may have been the cause of the friction it seems unlikely that King Tafari will accept without retaliation, and discipline upon at least Tay^, an attack upon his son-in-law which is reported also to have resulted in considerable discomfort to the King's daughter and her small baby. Such further report will later be made as developments warrant. I have the honor to be, Sir, # Your obedient servant, 4 0«rteOB G«pi»« fM_ Ic qf-^, (i^<^eia:<^^C^ fthy- ./. (JARBON OOFMi act Of A-Q/ft ^ i « m RECD / f'/j,^^ LEGATION OF THE itTOTED STATES OF AMERICA - >\^Yc Addis Ababa, '.y-i / \5\ Ethiopia. . -A ,^ :. / S, , /.. ■. .1 \ :, -.. ." ti .'■ ' f s February 12th, 1929 / f' / -, -■ * - ;'•' v/ / / ) 1 / - t • / '"/■ ' '/ / L ^ 'f, > r ' / '•R DISTRIBUTION- CHSC^C No. 138. The Honorable The Secretary of State, V/ashington. Sir I have the honor/ to refer to my Diplomatic Despatch No. 136 of /February 9th, 1929, on the subject of trouble in southwestern Ethiopia be- tween the Dedjazmatoh Desta Demtu and the Dedjaz- match Taye. From reports now available it appears that the trouble has failed to reach serious propor- tions and that Desta Demtu has resumed his place in the province of Kaffa. The area described is^ however, under present conditions always a place f^ . ^ M .'V ■iff; 1 ,m .:»- — T> '4- t -2- ; / . I ( r // ■/ 7 ' / / ■ C-' ' -'/ -7 place of potential trouble and the chain of events suggested in my previous despatch, No. 136, is al- ways possible. Kaffa-Gu could seriously affect the coffee trade of Ethiopia as large quantities of the product knovm to the trade as **Abyssiiiiaii^ or **wild^ coffee originate there and are shipped to outside markets from Gam- bela via the Sobat and ./hite Nile to lOiartoum. The matter of coffee supply in this area is about X to be investigated by Colonel Francis T* C^l^y on behalf of the Possum Company. Colonel Colby* s expedition v/as the subject of the Department's ^ ZA // telegraphic instruction of Dec 1928 to this office* er 20th, 6:00/p.m, A considerable and complete number of official courtesies and permits for Colonel Colby have been obtained by this Legation and Consulate General. His equipment, including arms and ammunition, has come through with record speed* Also through our efforts he and his associate were received in aud- ience by the King and have since been dined by His Majesty. My Diplomatic colleagues were invited to meet him at luncheon at this Legation. He has been given use of Legation premises for the col- lection of his mules, storage of equipment, and preparation of his caravan. Liuch advice, assist- ance \l .-^ I f -3- ance, and information of all sorts have been given. I have the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, 1 % 1l i V ' '. :*v '«'•, 1 -i' > ■ .'i^*'- % V '-<• • I' "■'legation of the I / UNlTpP: STATES OF AMERICA ^ ihAlB Ababa , t. I' L ^ Xthlopla^ • ■ # ''^i^ ,.v- ^v / /'^•N ^/ Febraary 25th» 1929 I y r » ^ - «. r ^^ ^\^ ■ 1!^ r] 0\ v.:r^' ^ / N( V / i I r'J / -7. r ^ // / [ '^ L^' 5 NEAR EA5tWN AFf AJRS ^^« DISTRIBUTION. CHIS-C la U. ■''^. r. Ko. 152. The Honorable Sir: I The Secretary of State, Washington. I hare the honor to refer to my Dlplonatio Des- .y^ tx tt^ / patch No* 142 of Febraary 16th, 1929, on the mbject of the detention near Gondar, northern Ethiopia, of ^ C a oarayan party headed by the local Geiaan Minister oo ^ and the Counsellor of the local Italian Legation, vitj^ their wires* CO m In recent conversations with my Italian eolleagae and with the present German Charge d*iffaires, and with certain Ethiopians, I obtain the decided impres- sion that King Tafari has indicated his willingness to haTe t -8- liAT* Strong protests made aaA that ha will ha aoeoa- odatad. Ut original lapra salon was that tha Oaraan and Italian Lagations In tha Intarast of thalr aaald- noasly oultlratad ralatlons with this goTammant would not Baka strong protast in aonnaotlon with the *lnoldant* of tha datentlon* That laprasslon was oorraet ao far as I hara laamad alnea. Bat with tha confidant lal aneonragsaant of King Tafarl tha ■attar has taken another turn* I gather fairly elearlj fros bj oonTorsat Ions that King Tafarl has lang wanted sneh an issna In northern Ethiopia and partloularlj In the territory of Ras Quksa where the authority of the Addis Ababa 'M '■iSlli« • »•<■::# ■ ■,H 'I or eantral goTemiiaBt has at rarloas tiaas been fli ted. He now feels strong enough to faea an Issue Inrolre powerful Influential a aan as Ras Quksa, ez-huaband of fii- press Zeoditu* His status as ex-husband results, of course^ aore froa politloal reasons than fron doaestie Infelioity or others of the usual reasons for separation of the sort. There probably still raaain soiie reananta of eonnnbial good feeling, or saff leient to oausa the fiipress to take aore than oasual Interest in any propoaal to dlselpllna tha apparently doughty Has* We shall see. King Tafarl is beliered to be glTlng aaoh thought in general to the weakness of the authority of the central goramaant in tha outlying prorineas. There (, v* 11 4 , i^t > >... -■^.rHi: t -3- Tliere is no doubt but tbat lie has his man power and other admlnistratlTe machinery so organized now as and ruler proper arms and ammunition for police authority. Because of the restrictions exercised by Britain, France and Italy the Sthioplans are greatly and seriously handicapped In establishing the police authority of the centraLL goTemment, We hare now who has by some years of patient and exceedingly olerer work so organized his goyemment that he can make It function as effectlTely on the frontiers as at Addis Ababa if he but had the necessflLry equip- ment in the way of arms and aioDmition. Not only is he deprived of the right of Importing such equip- ment for the authorized and established forces of the goyemment but, according to quite persistent gossip, the yery European powers which deprive His Majesty permit arms and aimunltion to trickle over their frontiers into the hands of the Ethiopian proyinclal rulers who are most ambitious to flout the authority of the central government. Without the necessary equipment for an effect- ive show of military force in the north King Tafari may find many difficulties in disciplining Bas Guksa Other northern provincial rulers will undoubtedly sympathize, and perhaps support, the gentleman at Gondar. 'm i f and able ruler | ■1» .1 4 • if* ■i I -*z ■s Gondar. However, if, as I am impressed, King Taf- ari is encouraging protests from the Germans and Italians in order to deTslop an issue in the north he is, in my opinion, too astute not to haye, as the saying goes, something up his sleere. Most of his steps upward to power hare been carefully and olererly planned and in this Important proposed instance of asserting central goyemmental author- ity it must be assumed that the move is being taken only after considerable forethought and oonyiotion of success. The detention of the Diplomatic carayan was actually done by a district chief under Ras Guksa. As previously reported he at first claimed to have been exercising an anoient Ethiopian custom which permitted a host to detain attractive guests. His latest excuse, as reported in jLddis i.baba» is that the permit for the caravan read to the east side of Lake Tsana whereas it was actually headed for the west side. The German and Italian Legations here say that such change in direction was actual- ly made but that it should not have mattered as the permits issued in Addis Ababa did not restrict the caravan to either one route or the other. That there was malice behind the detention appears to have been demonstrated in various ways of which a peculiarly Ethiopian one was the surrounding of the camp w '.■•> ^ «; it % I K <^ t. •% •'»> c-;' fe \ \ \ • -5- oamp by several hundred soldiers who at various times during the day would appear close before the tents of the two women and indulge in certain typical obscen- ities* Further report on this incident will be made as developiiidnts appear to Justify. I hare the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient servant , ■A :.* A' I i > ■A 1 t .1 C^ //I -» ^ - N A \ r I :1 LEQATfON OF THE UNITED > / . ,k''' "»./ OF AMERICA v ;Eth.i9piik. '-• ":T:-aR*KS?3e >a f -2- aoting goTemor for a period of about tan day* at ^> ;... '..'■■ a place eallad Vejo in the sub-prorlAce of Lelco* .. . . .« . t. ■ X.- . ..V He Jo is not aarked on aost sapa bat nay be fdond at aboat 9 1/8 degrees north latitude between tbe jA I ;■■• '''' SStb and Sdtli degrees of longitude* It Is on al- ■ost a dlreet line west froa Iddls Ibaba to the frontier of tlie Sudan* liy Treneh eoUeague Inf oms Be that he had prerlouslj arranged In Iddls Ibaba all neeessary pezmlts and passports for the trsTel of this Re- 1 nault party frea the Sudan throuc^ Ethiopia to Addis Ababa* He is quite indignant oyer the de- i tent ion and has notified the Sthloplan Oorerment that a olalB for dasages will be filed. ■1 ■I The party was detained at He jo for about ten days during February. It was not permitted to send any letters, telephone aessages or other oca- IF/ % annieation to Addis Ababa* The detention was learned of at the Trench Legation in Addis Ababa by word reoeired froa the Swedish aedlcal alssion- ,>• - i»* . *9« ary establishaent at He jo* Upon appeal by the Legation the oantral Xthiopian GoTerJaaent was able V k C v... — to procure its release and the jouraey to Addis / 'J i'ry I • «> »V Ababa was resuaed where the party has just arrlTod > « A.. •V *• V .•->k . iJ^i- The acting goremor of the district who de- • \ A «» \ i •'r^ tained the party offered the excuse that the per- < -4.«^ i ... ««k '^ ,f . alts and passports were not in order* Itj French colleague "•^^ar .«u«sr«(9iSCS3 4 • -''M"r •«m*>!i|ManinWear to be the most critical of the lack of strength the inability to obtain sufficient proper equip- j w ^ :m f i \ \ \ \ atren^h of tlie central goTermaont and alg^t alaost be suspected of desiring to foster the present situation for the ixirpose of produoing ** incidents" such as the one reported In this despatch. Their apparent uXtls- ate purpose is, of course, to dsBonstrate the laek of strength of the central goTemment and thus faeilitate the happening of "incidents** whioh can be used as pro- paganda to elicit international crltloisA and conden- nation. It is difficult to Tiew the natter in any other light. Encouraged by these recent detentions and prob- able Inmninlty from effect lye punishment more of the proTlnclal rulers may be expected to arrest or detain foreigners traTelllng in their respective territories. In the opinion of this Legation there may reasonably be expected to occur incidents of much more serious character* The parties of foreigners whioh travel in the Ethiopian interior are invariably well aimed and should some hot headed fellow fire a shot there will likely be precipitated a battle costing foreign lives* There are at present three jkmerican parties travelling in the interior, all of whioh are well provided with the necessary passports and permits obtained from the central Ethiopian Government by this Legation* They cure believed as liable to de- tention as the two parties (the Pruffer-Porta party and the Renaalt party) already reported from this office* I I The t -5- The proTincial rulers most likely to detain for- eign traTellers are those who belong to the goTemmental faction opposed to King Tafari* Their party is anti- foreign by constitution but acts against foreigners would be motlTated iBore by a desire to €Kbaras8 King Tafari and the central goYernment • Further fuel to such aotlYlty has been prorided by the recent derelop- ment of ant 1 -missionary feeling as reported in Diplo- matlc Despatch No* 155 or FebTuary 27th» 1929» from this office. King Tafari is fully able to extend and consolid- ate the authority of the central goyemment if he but had sufficient equipment for his military police. Even with insufficient equipment of the kind he has, partly by moral suasion and astute politics, made un- usual progress and has brought the power of the cen- tral government to a higher plane of efficiency than It has reached at any time since the death of the Emperor Menelek. The detention of the Renault party is not so Important In Itself but is of considerable signific- ance as representing a course pursued by anti^afarl r activity in the country* This is not great in strength but Is sufficient to be dangerous in Its possible power to cause an "inoident** which might result In the killing of foreign travellers with obvious consequences. The main remedy is to pemlt the central government to Import sufficient military equli»Dent -6- equlpment for at least effective police purposes. Apparently this will not be possible so long as Brit- ain, France and Italy follow their present policies aimed, as one is inclined to suspect, at the event- ual strangulation of Ethiopia as a sovereign state* I have the honor to be. Sir, ADDISON X. SOIT J -^ t r f f? 7;:. J V.-.' LEGATION OF THE STATES OF AMERICA ]>^ >■ \ v. IT'.'- <-• * ' ^' '« , , . .N s .-, / ^ddls Ababa, Ethiopia, * » '- \,l AiJl) n r. /. -J ^•' ^^ r- v^ I.J March 27th, 1929 N 1 T'^3ass>r-ORDTr'-Blr. I- No. 169. The Honorable The Secretary of State, 'Washington • Sir: I 2 a- cz T have the honor to refer to the Legation's Despatch ). 136 <>r February 9th, 1929, reporting friction and pro- 6 No bable fighting between the Dedjazanatch Desta Demtu anc^ the DedJa23iLatches Taye and Haile Mariam in southwestern El^i- i iopla, ^; More or less reliable reports haTe now reached Addis Ababa which indicate that the trouble did not reach im- portant proportions and has now been ad Just ed* The same reports indicate that tension exists to a sufficient ex- tent to make possible future trouble* Despatch No* 136 discusses the potentialities of such troubles in their relation I CjD 3" ;,-*6^ .' .--•*<<-*^«w •' vo-i^ ^^(-4%^%1 -2- relation to the general situation in Ethiopia, Adjustment of the dlfriculties was probably assist- ed by the occuirence of the present season of a long religious fast which will run practically to the rainy season in late spring, and which is pretty closely ob- served by all Ethiopian officials either from motives of conviction or from motives of tact or policy. Tlie rainy season €l1so discourageis fighting, trading, and related activities owing to the general bad state of the trails and a further period will thus be provided the belligerent Dedjazmatches in which to cool their emotions. I have the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, ■ y *i' "^fifii^i^ ■I ■0' u* c ' ," > « fc «• LEGATION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ./ / '^ V.-' • !. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia • / '. ^' / ^ • ('^ \ » March 23rcl, 1929 / j / ^-'- 1 ^/r»'»*^ I K 7 /^ .■^ '• \\ ■^ -7 DlAAftTMENT OP STATE PR 2 9 lSi9 01VI5I HfAR tA3T£l* AfFAIRS FOR DISTRI5.:LI r t.T ' T; r "• ^J f 1 l I No* 164. The Honorable Sir: The Secretary of State, V/ashington. I have the honor to refer to my Diplomatic Desr- •I 5^ patch No* 158 of Llarch 5th, 1929, reporting the incid- ent of the detention at Nejo in '.Testern Ethiopia of the Renault motor car expedition from Cairo to Addis I CO ro CO i Ababa. As a matter of further interest in this connec- tion I report having been informed by the Dean of the local Diplomatic Corps that he has heard from an au- thoritative source that the French Legation and lead- ers of the expedition took up with the Ethiopian Government >A <>»«, c~*«- ^^. -. .. .& — ^» _ ^•*«**.-. .'« .'TKSf* .,M^ % -2- ^4 "H^. ^/ / GoTemment the matter of permission to return from Addis Ababa to Cairo over the same route and were advised by King Tafari that he could not guarantee their unmolested passage to the Ethiopian frontier. The members of the expedition have therefore departed from Addis Ababa by train for Djibouti to return by sea to Egypt. This alleged attitude of King Tafari is an interest- ing indication of the lack of confidence which the central Ethiopian Government feels in its ability to enforce in certain provinces the validity of the passports which it I issues for the travel of in the country. It is, of course, also possible that King Tafari »s attitude was partly influenced by the nationality of the expedi- tion. French prestige and influence are for the present, and presumably temporarily, at somewhat low ebb in Eth- iopia and requests which the Ethiopian Government mi^t consider favorably on occasion may not be viewed in the same light at this particular time. However, the element of uncertainty irtiioh the Addis Ababa government feels concerning its power in provin- cial centers has undoubtedly entered into this incident. Such uncertainty is apt to be particularly active Just now with the pending difficulties over foreign mission- ary work, reported in my Diplomatic Despatch No. 155 of February 27thyi929, and from the protest which has Pruffer-Porta detention as last dis' No. 162 /tf Feb: in my Diplomatic Despatch No ebruary Further "incidents" of the sort are expected before the situation i& ^^1 1 J i-i8aj^-*tt- .- ^-,** .- *^^ ' 1 -3- situation improves. I have the honor to be. Sir, EDISON E, SO ■^ . .t..,^ -^ \j'-r •■•*»-. r t r c LEGATION OF THE UNITEP STATES OF AMERICA ^- "V , » ' \ 4ddlB JUxaba, Ktti:Jo^la^ \ / u March 23rd, 1929 .v->'-' / f / ^ A.'ii J. :j < 1. ».- • '^«DlSTHX>.j No, 165. The Honorable The Secretary of State, ?/ashington. Sir: h ^'■"V'-^ I have the honor to refer to my Diplomatic Des- patch No, 152 of February- 25th, 1929, reporting the probability that King Tafari would encourage proteats ent of the Pruff er-Porta detention by Ras Guksa in \ the Gondar area of Ethiopia. Doctor Pruffer returned a few days ago to Addis Ababa, having travelled out of Ethiopia into Eritrea and from there to here by sea via Djibouti. He has recently seen King Tafari and informs me that his protest 4^ I from the German and Italian Legations over ttie incid- J^ to ro ID i^ '■Sa M •-*««>* - "TTMHr ^W wuna fc ■*4i|s -2- protest against Eas Guksa has been welcomed by the King who assures him that satisfaction will be given. Prom my knowledge of the situation I do not see how the King can give satisfaction if, as intimated, suoh involves disciplining Ras Guksa. The latter cannot be reached effectively by any force which is now available to Taf- arl. Only the Empress could discipline him and there is no reason to reckon that she will do so. It now appears that the Italian Legation is un- likely to press a protest because of politiceLl reasons influenced largely by Minister Cora's personal dis- approval of Mr. Porta, Counsellor of the Legation. The latter returned with Pruffer to Addis Ababa to find that during his absence the Minister had filed charges against him in Eome which have resulted in his recall. The two men are not now on speaking terms. Doctor Pruffer has given me a brief account of the detention of his party which develops nothing new. It does confirm my original suggestion that the deten- tion was premeditated and intentional. Ras Guksa re- fused to recognize the travel permits issued by the central government and said that foreigners couJ.d travel in his territory only after the issuance of permits bearing his signature and seal. The province r«r of Gondar is one of the richest and most attractive in Ethiopia and more or less a highway for foreigners travelling between northern Sudan, Eritrea and Addis Ab aba . 3 4 I .X.- -5- ! Ababa. Should the doughty Has hold to this view there is certain to result politiceiLly insupportable embarass- ment to the central Ethiopian Gk>vemment, Trouble in Crondar would probably fit in with Ital- ian designs on Ethiopia, notwithstanding the recent trea- ty of peace and friendship. The Gondar area has long been a field for Italian intrigue, propaganda and other activity with a view to its future value to the Colony of Eritrea, The Italism Government maintains an active and able Consular establishment in the city of Gondar, This area was the seat of Portugese activity in Ethiopia during the first part of the seventeenth century. There are seversLL notable ruins of churches, bridges, forts, etc., constructed in and around the city of Gondar by the Portugese and these attract many modern day visitors to Ethiopia, Prominent Ethiopians in Addis Ababa inform me that Ras Guksa is of a Shoan family. The Royal Line of Solomon to which the Empress Zeoditu and King Tafari belong is also Shoan, Guksa from the viewpoint of the Tigreans over whom he rules in Gondar and is said to be regarded accordingly. In other words the Tigreans owe him, emd would probably give, no particular loyalty and support should he be attacked. His methods as governor of the province are stated to have developed much latent antagonism i among • -4- t t among the Tigreans. His strength would, therefore, appear to be almost entirely in the support which the Empress and the leaders of Shoa might decide to give because of family connections. There is trajismitted herewith the form "Confidential Biographic Data" on Ras Guksa which has been completed so far as available data permits, I have the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient servant. r 'J. " P« 'A r. ■3 LEGATION OF THE UNITED $TA^ OF AMERICA . Addia :A'baba, - Ethiopia. March 26th, 1929. '> ■eeie»; ■u^lll i ■^..•< f { \ ■r '! / 3sr;: /#RC;StH "srm « »f No. 168, The Honorable ■ : t nu •»••• ^s- .- -^ . » .9^ \ f r The Secretary of State, V^ashington* Sir: I have the honor to transmit herewith copies of a CO somewhat sensational telegraphic nev/s despatch which appeared in the February 27th, 1929, issue of THE NEW YORK THIES under the name of Hermann Norden. The Legation has some firsthand acquaintance with Mr^ Hermann Norden and the following brief comment may ^ be of interest should the Department note his contribu- tions to the American newspapers and receive inquiries concerning him. Mr* Norden is a naturalized American citizen of either Dutch or German birth (possibly also Hebraic) • He ' r * M «* - • — r- ' ->4a: ^ ' 'w wijiiii. i iuftw ^ f>i^iim n iii t mitMmmmmmmAm, n 4' •I r -2- He said he maintained a permanent residence in Paris, He came to Addis Ababa in November, 19E8, to visit his friend Doctor Curt Pruffer at the German Legation, On his first call at this Legation he stated that his pur- pose in coming to Ethiopia was to collect material for a book. He claims to have made a fortune in the United States as a cotton brojcer and to have retired some jeaxs ago to devote his time to travelling and writing travel books. His main business with this Legation appeared to be to procxire an invitation to dine with His Majesty, King Tafari. Such invitations are not usual or easy to obtain for other than visitors of more than average distinction. However, Mr, Norden brought to bear the same persistence and somewhat forceful personality which undoubtedly won him his stated fortune as a cot- ton broker and I was influenced to procure for him the desired invitation. After becoming apparently inebriated on the King's wine Mr, Norden was unduly familieir with His Majesty in various ways. Although the dinner party was a fairly large one and conducted in the most punctilious Europ- ean style Norden from his place some chairs to the right of the King would frequently shout questions up to His Majesty, He openly took out his note book at the table and sketched the King's dress and made notes of other items which he presumably wanted to record for t n his ccming travel book. ham" and K>T5.,«w1S.'*iir-eiliiLv ie^A^SS.'J'-ft'S'iS*^****"**-*^ ''^•*~~* "'''*'**"■*' "■'■ ■■''»»iii,jiitiiiSi^^iSSk- J ^,'~"» w -3- and imbibed Norden got so enthused as to ask the King to have a review of troops held for him. He made other similar absurd comments and requests. I was truly a- shamed of his conduct and was particularly embarassed as the invitation to dine had been given through me. Norden' s original plan was to start from Addis Ababa with the Pruffer-Porta caravan to Eritrea, which is re- ferred to in various despatches from the Legation of which the latest was No, 155 6f Marth 23rd, 1929. He backed out when he found what that trip would cost in money, time, possible discomfort, etc., etc. He de- cided to go around by sea, via Djibouti, to Eritrea and thence overland to Gondar to meet the Pruffer party. En route to Djibouti he stopped off the train at a sta- tion called Metahara to visit a few days at a German cotton plantation on the Aouache river. On Wednesday afternoon, December 19th, 19E8, I was on the semi -weekly train journeying from Addis Ababa to Djibouti. When it stopped at the station of Metahara I was aroused by the sounds of loud quarrtling. I stepped off to in- vestigate and found Norden in a great temper shouting that "this is an outrage; I am an American citizen; I» 11 see Mr. Eellogg about this." Apparently he had just returned from the cotton plantation to Join the train on his journey to the coast. He didn't like the first class compartments in which there were vaceoit seats. He tried first to eject from their superior compartment a "m ■il r-*r-^!|"llB*(««»i '■J^F'^ttgtJBjy»ui4te.>-^it|g[|j|«y- ' r a number of Sthioplan men and women who were members of the suite of the Dedjazmatch Imuxu, Governor of Harrar and a cousin of King Tafari. The compartment in question had eO-legedly been reserved and paid for and on this being explained to Norden by the train conductor he shouted that he didn't care, that he was a white man and would not be kept out of a good seat by ** these damned niggers* ** The Dedjazsnatch Tfrniru came out of his own adjoin- ing reserved and special con^artment to investigate, Norden then gave him a piece of his mind. Being de- livered in English it probably was not understood. The Dedjazmatch, who is unusually mild mannered and conciliatory for an Ethiopian, understood the situa- tion and succeeded in placating Norden by inviting him into his own private compaxtment. The Dedjaz- match could not completely conceal his cont^ipt for Norden but the latter is of the sort whose ego would make him quite impervious to realization of such at- titude. He immediately became quite chummy with Bmiru and was grieved when the latter didn^t invite him to dine at Dire Daoua. Norden stopped at the same hotel in Djibouti where I sojourned. There to my own personal know- ledge and firsthand observation he daily reached a state of mild inebriation and occasionally went a bit beyond. This addiction of Norden to alcoholic cheer ■I -acwf--^^- l3«W» ^ma^Ksmemi I "Om*-. c -5- clieer is particularly mentioiidd as on such occasions he dropped somewliat the veneer of more or less gentlemanly manner which made an excellent impression on people who met him only when he was not in his cups. The next I heard of Norden was through the local ,.i. . .,'- f^' ' . ■* Italian Legation which said that reports had come from the Italian Consulate at Gondar that Norden was detained there under the same conditions as those which held the Pruffer-Porta party. Ras Gutsa had evidently refused also (please see various despatches on the Pruffer-Porta detention) to recognize the travel permits which Norden had obtained, through the intervention of this Legation, from the central Government in Addis Ababa, Before this Legation could act the Italian Consul at Gondar was able to have Norden freed to continue his journey. He evidently went out into the Sudan as his telegram to the TIMES was sent from the Sudanese frontier station of Gallabat. It reflects his perhaps natural irrita- tion over the Gondar detention incident. This Legation has no firsthand basis for contra- dicting Norden* 8 attached press telegram about open ' » -< . all . i slave trading, but from general knowledge is inclined to think that he exaggerates. Both the British and • » \ • Italian influences in northern and northwestern Ethiop- ia would conceivably encourage impressing him that slave trading and slave raiding were the main, one, and only occupation and diversion of every Ethiopian in that W fi^riC'' 1 I.-wrwmJK',-_-:miirrr^.llu*V r j«l »1i >i H ^-. . - .■,■■. .f^.-y;.^5ij!»->f»TAi-i-»r.:r^g- -v -rMi.. — .,r-<^^-,n,«-r^mfmK^^f ^ ,, , , fimTT 'TnTl'ITmnrr — Till I II II •-•-^l'r>-I»^'~'T."»"»-^.''r'»»:-^:-^'™.-- ^, :■■ c -6- that area. He also refers in his press telegram to an "ex- tensive caravan trip through Abyssinia*" That can he definitely stated by the Legation as misrepresentation, Norden did not make an extensive caravan trip through Ethiopia, He originally planned to do so by travel- ling from Addis Ababa with the Pruffer-Porta party but, as mentioned in paragraph five of this despatch, he backed out when he found that extensive caravan trips in this country are not exactly Joy rides and are not really necessary experience for the writers of travel books who can say that they have made such trips and leave it to others to prove to the contrary. He made a caravan trip but hardly an "extensive" one, Norden* s statement that foreigners are viewed with suspicion is correct in the provinces so far as the observation of this Legation goes. His comment as to the value of passports (travel permits) issued by the central government is also more or less accur- ate. Both of these points have been covered in var- ious of the Legation's previous despatches, Norden* s comment that civil war is easily possible does not, in my opinion, represent the situation accurately. His press telegram is in other respects generally mis- leading and, I suspect, represents inspired informa- tion obtained by him from Italian sources fiind colored by m. ^..^^ •■'»-"''" •■ ->. ' -7- by his irritation, Mr. Norden appears to be a yery intelligent man and at least an observer of average efficiency. How- ever, his extreme ego, his choleric disposition, his apparent lack of educational training in the fields of investigation in which he dabbles, and his seaning fondness for alcoholic stimulants, wo\ild all seem to combine to adulterate appreciably the accuracy and im- partiality of his observations. These particular comments concerning him might be modified by knowing him longer, but they represent the impression left on this Legation and on the small foreign colony in gen- eral here after his sojourn of a few weekiin Addis Ababa, I have the honor to be. Sir, Your obedient servant. < Enclosure to De spat oh 168 of March 25th , 1929 . from Addlson"^^ Southard. MlnTster and Consul Grenera! at Addis Ababa. (From THE NEW YORK TIMES of February 27th, 1929). FINDS 0PM SLAVE TRADING, Norden Reaches Sudan After Penetrating Abyssinian Interior. By HERMANN NORDEN, Special Cable to THE NEW YORK TIMES. ' GALLABAT, Sudan {via Khartoum), Feb* 26 • — I have Just reached the Sudanese border after an extens- ive caravan trip through Abyssinia, where all foreign- | ers are viewed with suspicion* Each province is like ? a watertight compartment and the powerful Rosses (chiefs) j and the priests are defying the central government* ! Passports issued by Ras Tafari are valueless* Civil war is easily possible and the attitude towards foreign- ers is the keynote to the situation* Chiefs and subchiefs held me prisoner for days, an armed force surrounding my camp* The brisk trade in slave-dealing is an open secret* The roads are unsafe. Yesterday I saw some robbers snatch four calico-laden donkeys from a trade caravan* Is such a medieval government entitled tO' belong to the Leeigue of Nations and to send diplomats abroad? ■ -^fciiiftiTiii^ii^'lfigr'^'' c y ' v U 1 r ^' : ; / p J I » LEGATION OF THE UNITlED STATES OF AMERICA Addis Ababa, '. Ethiopia. April End, 1929. 4 - \ * • » / \ / \ ^^ ■-< H t, '1 ♦ •. -1^ ■■«** ■"» v-^'1 Oo To (A-0/0) No. 174 OfPAPrvf^: .^r>*fi,rp V, »^ i- . ^< N^ - . ' The Honorable i ! The Secretary of V/ashington* ^ »K77^. ' ^^..:-'^% %•"»■' f.r- -»«-n-1«r'W>«'V:?'7» 1-J -^J^WV I c -4- towards native AfricauBt He has ;?pent many years in South Africa, in East Africa and in other parts of British colonial Africa as a government officer dealing with natives • He has acquired an attitude which to- wards the negroes of the territories in which he has heretofore worked could not effectively be resented but which among the free and proud Ethiopians either has or probably will get him into trouble • We know Erskine personally* He is socially accomplished and agreeable • Linked up with this interpretation is the probability that Dedjazmatch Makonnen thought to show by indignity to Captain Erskine the general Ethiopietn dislike of preceding British Consuls at Gore, of whom the last two were considered particularly active and imaginative in their accounts of alleged slave raiding and trading. The Dedjazmatch I^akonnen is not yet an important man and probably owes his present appointment to the little governorship of Sayo to the belief of the party of the Empress that he may be useful to them* His family name is the same as that of the King* He is no relation* Makonnen as a family name is quite com- mon in Ethiopia. This particular Makonnen is said to have progressive ideas among which is the building of a motor road through his territory. He is said also to be a bit pro-American from his acquaintance with the American Presbyterian missioneiries who have a sta- tion at Sayo* Makonnen was born in Addis Ababa in 1896 I I t ~5- 1896 of a family of the small nobility. Being a com- paratively young man little more is known of him to date* He has a brother who is quite close to King Tafari. I have the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, (U^r'^^'u^ (fjUff-d^ lA^d^ ^ 1 1 ^ / ' (jh^^. % » — v' '-^ f ^ LEGATION OF THE ■^ ^ 1 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA / Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Ur April 8th, 1929 C01\[?ID!ByTTAL. . ^ J'BK DISTRliUTioN « tirta; ■* s The lionorable The Secretary of State, V/ashington. \ ~r -/\ I Ci ir: I have t^e honor to refer to the Legation's Des patch No. 169, of March 27th, 1929, reportin^^ the at least temporary settlement of the troubles in souti^ v/estern Ethiopia betv/een the Dedjazmatch Desta Dem|^ on the one side and the Dedjazmatches Taye and Hai^ 2 L'ariam Lemma on the opposite side. o Today I have learned confidentially from an a{i^ thoritative official source that report of Dedjazmatch Haile IJariam^s death reached His Majesty, King Tafari, yesterday. Haile Mariam is either a second or third cousin of Tafari. Authorities do not agree exactly as , ^|i£l||;.' [^^" i -s- as to the relationship. The report is that Haile Mar- iam's death resulted from natural causes. That may not necessarily be true according to our interpretation as in Ethiopia "natural causes" are quite elastic on occa- sion. Haile Mariam*s death may contribute further to final settlement of the trouble in the southwest, originally •/lie df reported in the Legation's No f February 9th, 1929, and will certainly remove one of the many similar but still existing obstacles to the consolidation of Tafari*s In p: nient^ I have the honor to be. Sir, Your o i: '-•^i' # t A r K W i' " '«• LEGATION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA / .-^^ • \ • \ -" Addis Ababa, 1 1 r> Jj oUlOplU.. April l^th, 19^9. • yJ \ I- sJ ! ■ ( -*.-.! w : I , ' -l/ZliU^tr^M !. H . .-'«•■■. X If /" 7 A •• • ■ r r J i"^ I F«R DISTRlBUr • r .V 1 J j :i '. i'T^ ^i;.^ Ko. 181. Tlie Honorable The Secretary of St:ate ■.Vashin;^--tori. ^> UoaoxDiMlal Oftcc (▲-Q/Ol /' 'Z I have tlie honor to refer to the Le£:ation*s llo. 165 of Larch 23rd, 1929, and to preyious despatches on the subject of the Pruf f er-Forta detention near G-ondar and the resulting protest to the central Eth- TM /•^ lODian Lrovernirieni; . Both my German and Italian collea^^^ues inform me separately and confidentially that the offending sub- •< ordinate of Ras Guksa is nov/ under arrest and en route ^ • S to Addis Ababa. This subordinate is, of course, be in.-" made to "olay tlie role of scanejg-oat as his ac- tion in detaining the Diplomatic caravan is generally believed »i « ■rt>'i-i*ir« -- ( -2- believed to have been instigated by Ras Guksa, Both of my colleagues express tlie opinion that King Tafari will be able to force the resignation of Guksa. shall see. We The German Minister assures me that the arrest of this chieftain has been accomplished because of the high and serious regard which the Ethiopian Gov- ernment has for the German Government and its local representative. The Italian Minister assures me that his prestige has been mainly responsible for the arrest but admits that he has been able to bring pressure to bear in certain little financial trans- actions. This finarxCial element of the situation is most interesting from more viewpoints than one and, in the opinion of this Legation, tells the whole story of how the arrest has been accomplished with such reasonable promptness. It appears from the confidential account of my Italian colleague that the Italian Consul at Gondar serves as a remittance officer for Ras Guksa and his satellites. When they wish to send to Addis Ababa cash money for purchases to be made and, more importantly, for the use of their representative here in gratifying according to Ethiopian custom certain officials of the central government, payment is made to the Italian oonsxil at Gondar who in turn issues an ■ * J! w ■4> ■|; 1 1 I 4 M =--a«OT-T=3»aS!«a^-* -:aw»« :-a,4SIBC-.,»»,^aQB>i*i«i»Mt.(< ^ %>-^ >H,^ c -3- an order to the local Italian Legation. In this way- no Actual cash is transported overland and no deal- ings are had through public banking channels which might expose the cash to. sequestration, or the like, by enemies or superior official authority. It ap- pears that lately about five thousand Maria Theresa dollars (at present rates approximately US#2350) have been accumulated here with the Italian Legation under the usual arrangement • My Italian colleague informs me that he served notice on Has Guksa that no payments would be made from this balance until some satisfaction was granted in connection with the Pruffer-Porta detention* The arrest of the subordinate has undoubtedly followed this notice* The Italians kill two birds with the one stone, so to speak* They accomplish redress of sorts for the affront to Italian dignity and, more importantly, they place King Tafari in the position of being able to enforce a discipline in Gondar which would otherwise probably have been most difficult* Naturally the King will feel a certain gratitude for his own enhanced prestige with the general Ethiopisin public which will not to any great extent know of the fine Italian hand in the accomplishment. The real significance of this event, in the o- pinion of the Legation, is in its further illustra- tion of Italian methods and strength in Ethiopia in ) the '•■* H *. ^ — "^ .»^>b--^-- -^i^*:. u c -4- the building of which Rome has during the past year or so been particularly aggressive and extravagant i^'' in financial outlay, if local indications are any true measure. This Italian strength is not built on any firm foundation of popularity with the Eth- iopians. It is being bought and paid for in one way or another, as intimated in various previous despatches from the Legation, and will doubtless promptly fade immediately there is any diminution in present outlay* Actually present outlay will probably have to increase if the Ethiopians run true to their usual character of requiring always ^ore and more^t Also to hold their gains the Italians must consist- ently and persistently combat the influence of the Empress and the Ethiopian conservatives; the animos- ity of the French which is not at present being skillfully directed; ajid the growing aggressiveness and confidence of the Germans. British official interests are believed to be at least neutral to- v/ards Italian ambitions in Ethiopia* Italian am- bition is inimical to American interests in Ethiop- ia but this Legation naturally is neutral and would have no thought of using its not inconsiderable influence without instruction or intimation from the Department Our attitude has been studiedly friendly I X \ li >.^--. ^^:- -5- friendly in this at times almost frenzied conflict of Anglo-Italian, French and Grerman efforts to dominate Ethiopian favor, although we have not had any conspic- uous reciprocity from the national interests specified It is possible that the Ethiopians are beginning to interpret our attitude as one of sunineness* I have the honor to be, Sir, ^ Your obedient se 4 Carbon Copies Received •rv'^ — X ^o / .."N. »^'"' "■',.■ *T* -t R£CC '' " V <* ft I ' ♦•• I \' . LEGATION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA V. Iddls Ababa, Ethiopia. June 14tli, 1929 \ FOR Di... ,^ ; ua 1 Oi,vj f T >r 1 ■u,^ No. EOS. ^ ^ The Honorable The Seoretafy i^ Washington. Sir: I have the honor to refer to the Legation's No. 181 of ApiMl 12th, 1929, and lo rarlous preTious des / / patches, all on the subject of the detention of the Pruffer-Porta caravan by Ras Guksa Woll in the Grondar area of Ethiopia. Both my Crerman and Xtaliem colleagues now inform me that that incident has been closed to their satis- faction. Doctor Pruffer, the Qerman Minister, has received from the Ethiopian Government a letter of apology presented in person by the Ethiopian Minister of Foreign Affairs and a copy of what piirports to be a :d '^ G) CO CO »-"«r»' i .IP* 'I ."'1 ! r - 2 - a telegram of apology from Rae Quksa to tlie Itliioplan central goyeroment* Bootor Pruffer has l)een formally assured that the subordinate of Ras Quksa responsible for the detention is being appropriately punished. My Italian colleague has reoeired also a formal letter of apology presented in person by the Ethiopian Minister of Foreign Affairs, and assurance that the responsible subordinate of Ras Guksa is being approp- riately punished. He has not reoeiTed a copy of the telegram of apology alleged to haye been sent by Ras Quksa. On the other hand he states that Eing Tafari has intimated to him that steps leading to the prob- able remoyal of Ras Quksa are being considered. Doctor Pruffer opines that the telegram from Ras Quksa may not be genuine. This Legation thoroughly agrees with him that it is most improbable that the doughty and habitually reoaloitrant Quksa would go so far as to apologise for an incident which circumstan- tial eyidenoe strongly indicates was inspired by hijn. yia the subordinate who is now apparently being made the scapegoat. Our opinion in this respect is fur- ther supported by the failure of the Ethiopian Qoyem- ment to giye to the Italian Minister a copy of the alleged telegram from Ras Quksa. There is an Italian Consul at Qondar who, if he is as efficient and as well proyided with official funds as most of the Italian representatiyes in Ethiopia, knows the contents of all telegrams or letters emanating from Ras Quksa* s estab- lishment. I 1 i 4 / - 3 - I llsluwnt* 1^ Italian oolleagae has raf rained from ex- pressing any opinion as to the authenticity of the al- leged telegram of apology. Howerer, both the C^eman and Italian Legations ex- press satisfaction that the Incident has been closed. They have recelred official apologies without haying disturbed the conciliatory relations so assiduously, consistently and expenslyely oultlrated with the central Ethiopian GoTemmant. As to the probability of the remoral of Ras Guksa there Is muoh doubt on the iMurt of this Legation. He Is the ez-husband of the Bnpress and she would apparent- ly be reluctant to withdraw her support to a sufficient extent to permit King Tafarl to have his will In the matter of ramoTal. As Indicated In preYlous despatch- es from this Legation this olroumstance Is a source of considerable strength to Quksa. I hare the honor to be, Sir, Tour obedient I ADDISOH S. sour ^ C , -5oa C ■'■Lea rr'Oci''crl Jr;DA»»OII oori K ! J ^ I J ir Jf i / ' /' J.r I If J RECU LEGATION OF THE ITED STATES OF AMERICA Iddls Ababa, Xthiopla. 1 ^-w Jiua 15 th, 1929. Jinn > For d ; - 7 No» i^'-i;.. , l.i ..; The Honorable cr The Secretary of State, Washlngtpn. CO Sir: I haye the honor to refer to rarious of the Lega- tion*8 despatohes reporting Inoidents of the detention in the Ethiopian prorinoes of foreigners trarelling under full documentary authorization of the central Ethiopian GoTernment. imong such despatches are Kos. ^ 142, 158, ane/l74, of Fel^raary Idth, March 5th, and / /• April 2nd, 1929, reepeotirely. / Two other ''detention incidents'* of similar char- acter haye recently occurred and are reported as of quite significant interest in suggesting King Tafari*s lack of authority in the Ethiopian prorinees. They \ J ' \ BB-c«<»*w«»-«»«WJW!»*«IW5fl»ira"V'«IIW^^ » 'r^' i . i '?5fl - 2 - 1 ar« also reported beow&se of the inportanee they maj haye In bringing about a probably not distant test of the cen- tral goTemment's ability to establish Its authority in more or less oonolusire Banner In the prorinoes. The first of these two Bost recent Inoldents oonoems Englishman named D'jLrey Wf^hc He is a man of wealth who spends much time trarelling for pleasure in out of the way places of the world. Els experience in getting on with natire peoples in such areas is eztenslye. ]Cr« Weatherbee left i.ddis Ababa a few weeks ago for the Sudan Tia the Lalce Ts&na region. He was fully equipped with trarel documents from the central goTcmment here. Reports haye Just now oome from him in the Sudan recount- ing that in the proylnoe of Salale, ruled by Has Eassa and not yery far from Addis Ababa, he was detained by soldiers of the Ras and treated in yery undignified manner. His detention lasted only a few hours but was accompanied with much allegedly ribald comment by the soldiery as to the lack of yalue of his trayel documents signed by King Taf- ari« The British Legation proposes to make a strong pro- test to the King. The second detention occurred only a few days ago and has just been reported by the yictim. Major R* I. Cheese- man, who Is British Ccnsoil in the Lake Tsana-Oallabat eirea Major Cheeseman has come in by carayan from his district, en route to Djibouti where he will take ship for home leaye. His detention also occurred in the proyince of Salale in the ImBsdiate area of Hr« Weatherbee *s similar experience. i I \ ! L ii # j ^ '■■'"■i'i^!^^ "T ■^'' — '■"'■^ ■ ■' ' It " 'ft 'Jj - 3 - I f •zperlenoe. Major Cheesaman was proTlded wltli approp- riate trayal permits from the central gorermnent at Iddis Ibaba but the soldiers of a subordinate of Ras Eassa who held him up for three days refused to recog- nize the raliditj of the permits. They treated Cheese- laan in a manner which he found most objectionable and upon which he has prepared a report as basis for a strong protest which the British Legation will at onoe make to King Tafari* It is considered exceptional that these two deten- tions should hare occurred in the proTlnce next door, so to speak, to Addis JLbaba. There is little reason for belief that the ruler of the proTlnce, Bas Eassa, could have had anything to do with either detention. He Is frequently in Addis Ababa and is known to be friendly with the Empress and the King, and as In- clined to support the authority of the central goyern- ment. Presumably one of his orer zealous subordinates was responsible. Notwithstanding that, the two In- cidents represent the general temper of prorincial officlflds In a desire to hold to their old time feudal rights In defying the central ruler. There is eyery reason to bell eye that Ras Eassa will promptly cause the punishment of the erring sub- ordinate. The effect, howeyer, of the erring one*s conduct cannot but encourage similar acts on other and more remote proylneial officials. The main adyantage accruing xi^--<«r- 4 - 4 - aoorulng from the Incidents and their possible effect on other off iolals would seem to be a probable hasten^- \ Ing of the foroeful aeasures In dlselpllnlng reealelt- rant proYlnolal rulers which hare so long been deferred by the central goTemment. I haye the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient ADDISON E. sour I Cay borj CDpia-^ J V coivcd ._. y/l-^^^^ I C •^ , LEGATION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA • ' I. J- r-. N«»237. TRIPLIGA.TE. .■.*' Carlton^ Ramlthj Alexandria^ August 5^ 1929. » > The Honorable • •J i^j':\ - ill n-^ r. In Qo^ XnABmitted by ii^ The Secretary of State, ^ n u n / Washington* Sir: I I have the honor to transmit herovrith, at the Llinister'o CD to suggestion, a copy of a memorandinn prepared by him of conversa- -j* tions which he recently had with Baron Pr/nchetti, the well- imcmn Italian African explorer, in Alexandria and again on the ship on which they sailed from Alexandria to Italy July 11 to CD m 14, last. This memorandxm, llr« Qunther beliores, xoay be of interest to the Department if read in connection with recent despatches *^>>>- :^ ; V ^^^^-'' • >-.? ^- -v :•*■'*■ ,• V .*.- -V:, -.-f " ■ ^f^^*i- »- , ^" ». ;, '^'i*** ',1» /■ '■,.■«?■ *# •^ ?? £■■■ -2- c despatoh^s frcni th« Embassy in R«ci« on the subje.ct •f Italo- Abyitinian relations and deTdep&onts in Eritroa^ copies of whioh wore kindly fonrarded to this Logatien* I have the honor to addl^ aloe at the Minister's suggostioa, that oopy of this dospatoh is not being sent to the Legation at Addis Ababa^ as it is recalled that Ur. Southard suspected scsae time ago that oocmtinicatioQS addressed to hin through the open mail were being tampered witk« Ovdng to the personal nature of the opinion expressed to Mr« Gunther by Bsiron Franchetti, it would be most unfortunate if his confidences should fall into Abyssinian hands I have the honor to be. Sir, Your obedient servantj Goerge Wadswortk, Charge d'Affairos ad interim Ehclosure: Confidential Memorandum* o <> 0^ ^ V cy ,c; <\ S' u -e ^ ' * \ l! ■» ^"/^ i -1 , V- ENCLOSrBE m. j IN DE!:;? ATC;] fie ni fH\L CONFIDENTI/LL MELiOSyrSUM. I haT6 had seTeri.1 conv^ersJitioQsiiLth Baron Raimmidi Pranohetti^ in Alexandria T)efdr« g^ing on loaTt and again on the S«8« MJJSOHlk whila crossing to Italy. Ho is the bost type of Italian and dorotos a good part of his time and woalth to serTice on behalf of Italy in Afrioa* He told me that he had spent sixteen seasons exploring in Af rioa^ several of which were epesit in Abyssinia which he noif knows extremely well» He plans to return next winter to explore more thoroughly Northern Abyssinia and will have with him a party of about two hundred and his own wireless by means of which he keeps in constant touch with RcDie. Of sin attractive dynsuaio personality he is at the oeine tisie modest and reticent^ and^ had it not been that I spoke Italian and that we had many mutual friends in Italy^ I would probably have been disappointed in my efforts to get him to toll mo of his impressions of Abyssinia, Of the inhabitants of the country he has a very low opinion maintaining that they are most xantrustwerthy and "given to the treachery and chioaaory of primitive peoples *'« Of tiiioso he considers that the worst are the real Sthiopians who number about two million out of a popu-- latien of eight* The restj he says^ are a most xmattractive I combinatlcQ of JeW| Negro and Arab* He is sceptical of the development of the country with this material which is capable of advancement only under an iron hand* The Abyssinism he fells respect force only and has scant respect for those who approach him in a courteous and I I 153S¥?*^''^-"' conciliating c-«<«.-^- — J-i* i. ^ v^ -*. '^-, '»7^»s»vwH^;wif.'^Tl "wiwwisi'Wiwwi 'y'v "'.•"w.'f ^'»t" vi';»(i^!^ .^1' w "r - '"^' -2- conclliating manner* t He is much iiopressed with the mineral resouroes of the country^ especially in the mountain preYinces^ and asserted that capper and gold are present in large quantities airaiting exploitation* I was surprised to learn fron hiia that he also believes there is much oil* He maintaijied that oil had recently been discovered near Britisli SoBaliland He ejq>eots an early political upheaval • Ras Tafari's power »he says^ ev«i now extends hardly a hundred miles in any direction frma the capital, The Hegus^ ho says I is tubercular anyway and may not last lang^ and the Impress ^ who is both old and illj has not long to liTO# Should those events transpire^ it will^ he adds^ bo inter-* esting to see how the partition convention works out; for I 1 he maintains that such a convention has been signed between Great Britain, Prance and Italy and that they will then proceed to divide the country between th«ni« British power , ho claims , is over in the ascendancy. I 4 I and the English are sloirly but surely circtimscribing the f oountry. The railroad in the West while nsminally Orook is really controlled by British capital. The French, he says, are actually working «i the road fr«i Addis Ababa to Dossio, but the Italian have not yet begun work on the Dossio end of that part of tho r*d which is to connect that place with Assab, this mn aocount of the tremendous physical diffioultios involved* I asked him about Lake Tsana, and he said that Ras Tafari's consent to the building of the dam there would be of no value, as Tsana was controlled by Ras Hailu who it T ( . -3- < is Strang enough to be entirely independent. The latter, he claimed, was not in favor of a dam unless heavily bribed* Uke Tfana, anyway. Bar en Franchetti maintained, and he has been nearly all round it, is very shall ew; one can wade out for great distances. A large lalce, it gives the impression of containing a great body of v.ater but he is very doubtful if this is the case* 1 >'^ J iii^i:- y , r • . ' ' • ^' i < I - I '•> LEGATION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA -"/•.J f>, o V < Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. .'c:A August 21st, 1929 SEP 24 W r Of f'.^i^-r?," 'i^ A< t~.-> i/«KbLSTRlt. ■« 1 ^-». -r•■•<^ ■» -4 Ko^ 246 The Honorable . :cvU:riI "iieii ^'> T » ' i -I U Jhe Secretary of State, JashiiiGton* Sir: I have the honor to refer to the Legation's'^No* 174 cj^ of April 2nd, 1929, reporting the discourtesy offered to tL Captain Ssme Erskine, British Consul at Gore, on the 00- casion of his visit to the tovm of Sayo in southv/estern - \ Ethiopia* / l.ly British colleague now informs me that as the re- sult of representations by his Legation the offending governor, Dedjazmatch Llakonnen Vfosajie, has apologized to Captain Erskine through the British CoiTimissioner who re- sides at Gambela, the Sobat river port not far from Gore The governor's excuse was that he had not been informed by the central government of Captain Erskine 's visit to Sayo i.'^*»«fc. "~x^ A I - 2 - f Sayo and did not, therefore, see why he should receive him, particularly as he considered that the Consul had no right in the Sayo area which is outside his district A rather laine excuse apparently but sufficient to save '^face" for this Ethiopian governor who is considered generally anti-foreign. The incident is considered by the British to be now a closed one. I have the honor to be. Sir, Your obe iDisoN E. soimojn). /^ .-^j-v»J>, S^r ■ V ^ 1 ^- i AM0tm% Itth, 19M ^* ^S« <• •^W^ »• ^W^^B^^^IWBp ^BMBr •fcfT^ TIM am^imtmtr •f £tat«, Diri I htnm %hm haoor to r^fr to th» L««fttiMi*s N«* tiS of July lOtht I9M» rvportlAg %2i«t thoro voro ••ho«tial«4 to TTtw ia Djibouti six Ztolioa aHitttry tanks fear tlio sthtspioa ooyoriwwnt • T)M LogfttloA io BOW roIiAbly Ift fonni tliftt too of tiMoo toBko hBfo ootooXly go o o l M d ojlbooti oai oro oo tooto %f tvolB to DU4 Dootto, At tbo lottOT ylooo tiMjr vlll bo wnloodtdi moA on offort aodo to tva this by thoir ooB pooor tmt oboot 40 bIXoo to tbo 9I000 wboro tho ioilooy bri4«o ooo oo ob o4 out oofforml 0*0 with ooao o toon t latomptioo to fyoi^bt trckffio botvoott AAAlo Abobo oai tbo oooot« Aftor r^*tlin tbo • « - IM mhpv •vwf rmiftti t^.. ^^T • • - MidlskiA Inr ttMi XdBMitiMi His in 1— It itlamt m% MMkil •ifiMMl»iin> mqr ptmit* Z% will b« wili, $liM«flNr«» tMP Taf«ri to b« in ft positlMi %• «tk» a Ao^lteA itiiaw of foroo ohMXA lio pi o o oo fl with lilo pgo f g ia of oJMumoo* fhum lo« of oowTMt BO uMorpotioii ^ p o it ^ Tftfiul U Mkiac %te tfloacM pinootoA* at lo oXiooiy Kias oad HBilr Ai^oroat %o Vm Throao* Bat 1» hao pto* f orreA ooaprooUloo to f ovoo oaA lioo oooordiaely oafforod tho rotoatioa la idiili pooltioao of aiajr offlooro irtio oro Bot lojol to 1i1a« TImoo offiooro oro aalaly of tlio pirtr of tho aqpvooo «Imi ooo ttet alio io iaoUjioJ to yloXA aoro oaA aivo fooor iaio TOfari^o iMuiAa «1^ ooaooooaat ouptailMaat o# tboir ooa oowmp oai iaoooo* y^HI^ WHiUl iMW VMl tftaUNll %# MMpMf§ %lMB M MNMlljr mm It iMP»d iMt vttn mm f«PtU«i wi gfrl fMM tto ywrty tflT %to ttmpMMk yiMHPt Mm %!<• Mm •ffiMMNi opft^A W^a*) ^ ^lia^ia^ ^iK ^alKjia^^^A %^^j^m|^^^ii^^ 'Vhn^tfliMwil la^'A ^i^^^^^^ ^^^^^ lao3UUMNi to ppovolM tho opn iMMtiXitar oif owrtala otlwr laAlTlAaaX wprt w ■ of tlM vofal fmUy «^ •4 • AirldEBiil* Toifttpl lo o sMdNir oC t)io laMMHolNi voyiX tMdlT ^t oo!»s o%hor n»m^«ro ol«i« to bo olooor ia 4i3root 4looooBt trmt tho fovuMlor of tlso LiM of soXommi* fliooo ymwimui a oa fe oy o oil hoTo» of oonroo* thoir llttlo foXXovlass of adhOTOttto* Tafarl boo piorod to bo by far tbo obXoot onA aoot iBtoUlsont of tho yrooont ftaorotleii of yviaooo of tbo vo^rol twmXXj oat tbot io AoabtXooo wby bo ooat iato powor lA ItXft oaA aov boX4o tb« titloo of Kiatt Bocoal PXoaipotontlaryy aaA atlr to tho Throao of tbo : ^iM P Oo a» Ilia piiipoood obancoo la tbo g of oj r uaoa t bato aott tbofO«» foopOf to Ao partloularXy witb tbo oIlMiaatioa of ootiial riiralo. Tboro la ao otbar oXalaaat to tho tbtoao oIm baa safflolmt atrooftb or Ability to bo tokoa oorioaaXy* 37 bariag tbooo Aialofal aaA yoaottoaayy offioora bicb ia oonaMUEiAy bowovoFy tbo Kiaa baa boaa ^poatXy bttoAi* oappoA ia tho ooolaX aaA oooasaio yo€iMaa ohlah bo aliaoo anat 0000 abotat if Bttdaf ia ia to Ijhro aa a oroato yotty maayaaoaa ildLob tako fvaa «m xiac tiao aiULoli bo wiaboa to iaivato to oaaatvaati¥i off\irt« nm tlMMai tva aaia vottana 8ia liaJaaty alaaa t# aidM tba abifta aaA voaXaoaaaata aaaaoatoA« MMlaiX ia tba tiao abta bo a aa l i iaatiaatifalsr obaaaa to aifea tbaa aaA tbo tino vbaa tbo Kthtapiaa pooflo wmlM aifOtt •••Bi^w ^^w^ <^B^^B^wi^^p ^^"^^aB^^a iHUa / ■ 1 v. • s - is wiill for tilt Kiaa to Ini prtparta and h« !• mmvA* lafSij tiklag vt^ips to th«t oaA« X iMiro t^ hoflkor to ^^ : ir» ?«yr obodl«ist«MirTAiit» ( ADDZdCm K» nit 8a4«t« ASB/Sld* > v« I K r I 1 >-- ' LEGATION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. September 5th, 1929 ir- ■ftaaM^M^irikittMa^MkiMita F«R DISTRIBUTION - crr.GK Yeo No x ;.» < In No. 257. The Honorable 1 c» T 1 i;* A I >«■•- — • x^ ■ • Q' r / The Secretary of State, Washington. Sir: • ! ; \^ I haTe the honor to report the following derelop- c > ment as iitportant in the trend of Ethiopian polities and -\ as further instance of the extraordinary luok whleh, ook- blned with a high degree of Intelligenoe and astuteness, is rapidly oonsolidating King Tafari*s power in Itlilopia. The Smpress has had an uncle, Ras Hapta llarlam (to be distinguished froan the Dedjazmatch Hapta Harlan re- ported upon in preTlous despatches from the Legation) , who lately held position as goTemor of Wollega Prorlnce. Her Majesty was Tery fond of the old gentleman and had lately astounded Tafari and his party by proposing to glTe to him control of the oustttcm tUM^ */ .*'■•■ .J. /' - 2 - and AddlB i.baba. Thla tliought had doubtlasa been plan- ted in the none too rlrlle mind of the Xaprese by of her party who wlah trouble to Tafarl. The two oustoou hoasea in qfneatlon glTO the bulk of the King* a preaent oaah inooM for goTemnental lur- poaea. To detaoh thasi fron hia oontrol weald praetio- ally ruin him. There ia no thought that he would hare giren them up, or not until after a aerere and rery in- portent olaah. Bat Hia llajeaty ia a peaee-loTing ruler who would prefer to oontinae eoapromiaing at leaat until he haa definitely in hand a preponderating aaount of goTemnental power. He haa been oonaiderably worried how to aToid olaahing with the Saqpresa and her party orer thia lateat whiB to giro XJhole Hapta Marias the two ouatoma houaea. Howerer, a few daya ago newa ar- rired of the death of Hapta Mariam. The Is^reaa haa at onee gone into deep aouming with no further intereat for the time in affaire of at ate. not only had the probl LO King Marias ouatoma ineome solred for him but haa had the Xmpreaa proTided with the direraion and eoneentration whioh Her Majeaty's pioua diapoaition finds in family deatha and whioh will keev her mind from too maoh play on the ohangea whioh the aatute Tafari plana for Miakal aa *m No* 868 of lugttat 29th, reported in the Legation I hare the honor to be. Sir, 1929. 4 Gartva C«piea Received -Z^.2C^-7 /diA — » You^ IDDISON B. SO 1 1 It- -4Jt~ f c ^'^ L u U f ^ / , . LEGATION OF THE V ' lUNtJED STATES OF AMERICA if* ^ ' ■■,•-... - • \ -' J '<•. C • ■. "y<« ^««>i V- J w t - .•' Addis Ababa I Itliiopla# \»YC\^Mkl ' M r ti Septamber 3rd, 1929 1? ll )0^ .'-^ / ./ ' i d ^ No«. 254 « ^^4': ui >■• hi hi/r i •-• I k '^ « A id r ^ 1. »• -*- » . r Ai_ . . w«- j*-j . .Jk The Honorable The Seoratary of Stata, WaahlngtoxL* Sir: ■■/'' / / < J '4 / 3/ I haya tha honor to rafar to tha Lagatloa*8 No/ S52 /., inguat 29th, 1929 J roporting that King pl&tad sayaral chaogaa In the high ooBmands of Ethiopia, particularly among tha proTlnclal goyamor ahlpa • One of tha moat Important changaa whloh a< c > CO fair- CO ly certain to occur la tha creation of a large northern '^ goyemorahlp with the Wolle Qalla Froylnce aa the nacleaa and tha appointment of the preaent Dedjaauitoh Timim aa goyemor In th% name of tha Klng*8 eldeat aon who la now fourteen yeara old. Itanru, who la of the Royal Line of Solomon and a flrat coualn of King Tafarl, will be pro- moted at Maalral time to the rank of Baa preparatory to taking - ' ■>,>♦ , ■■»* - - E - c taking oTer his n«w appointment* This influential of- ficial, whose biographical aketoh is transmitted here- ^ y ^ with on the Department ' s form, has for some years gor- / > , ( emed the rich Barrar prorinoe In the name of the King K i who inherited it from his father, the late Bas Makonnen The capital of the new goTemorship will be at Dessle, the proposed teiminas of the Italian road from jLssab and eren at this time one of the important trad- ing centers of Ithiopia. The Has loara to be is a highly intelligent, Just and honest Ithiopian* He is rery cordial to all foreigners and is mach liked by them. The Italians look upon his appointment and residence at Bessie as distinctly helpfol to them in the progress they hope to maJce in carrying oat of the Italo-Ethiopian Conrention signed in lugast, 1928, for building the road from Assab. imoru is more Traneo- phile than anything else but he is of so just and up- right charactar that his French leaning is not ezpeet- ed to influence adrersely his opinion of and relations with the Italians. HsTing spent most of his life in Barrar ProTinoe he has been much under Trench influence and has learned to speak that language. Be is dereted to the King and is likely therefore to reflect the King's friendliness towards the Italians. Lnnru is rery friendly to Americans as he is to all foreigners, but does not appear to hare any spe- cial affection for us. There Is no reason why he should unless to follow the King's somewhat ardent courtship of us irtiioh has cooled materially since he succeeded •i 4 ') - s - ^ siieee*d«d in getting an jUMrloui Legation eBtabllshed in Addis JLbaba. Sinot on an ooeasion in 1917 whan I Tiaitad Harrar and waa a gaaat of Unira I haTa known hlM wall and farorably* Bm haa aany timaa mantionad hia daiira to hare Amarioan antarpriaa and capital in- troduced into his territories but be would in the end, of course, be guided by King Tafari*s deaires. On the whole this change and new appointment will be of the greatest inpertance in extending the power and influence of Tafari and of the socalled Hew Party of more progressire Ithiepians. It is also signific- ant of Tafari *s steadfast plan to concentrate in his own family control of all the richest prorinces of the country. Actually this new proTinoial area will be the feudal property of the King's son who is too young to gorem it himself. But with it nominally assigned to the son and gorerned by the deroted cousin of the King the latter will directly control it* The King's son is through his mother a great grandson of the Moslem King who gorerned Wollo Qalla and who after be- coming a Christian married the daughter of lienelek and begat the famous Li J Tasu. This circumstance will, of course, go far toward establishing the adherence of the people to their new chieftain as they remain al- ways feudalist io in spirit, inclination and derotion. Many of the people of Wollo Galla are still Moslem in outward form at least, but Christianity is making great I I I part - 4 - part of the old Ethiopian loiplra. I taaya tha honor to be, Sir, Tour obadiant ^ jU)DISON E. SOTTTHIRD. / Snolosurea ^**^ '■ .?^.*.4...*9..-??.?. ..^.A.'^.^Ay • Service in the United States None. Attitude toward other nations Francophile. Qenerally cordial to foreign- ers. Personal intelligence: Marriage liB^^riod to closs relet iTC of an Ethiopian student Children. (kiuoated in tfVS*A. Three. r, , Christian ^ ^. His work. Religion....!^r::T.-.T. Recreations... Clubs Hone here. Lineage. MT^f^.h^^^ 9.t Solomon, RKM ARKS (Induding any ootstaoding featore of record tn intematioDal matters, lignifloant attaranoos for or against the United States, and predileetion, if any, for any particular country , etc In oaM of a journalist, giye partioulan as to press represented, touroes of Inlormatioo, omdal ooonaetions, if any, etc., and reputation for integrity, aocoraey, and fairaees. If more ipaee is needed, ose second sheet): As a member of the Royal fsmily of Ethiopia and a first cons in ef KJtHg. 7«if f^i he is rery influent ial* Shares Tafari *s preares- SITS Tiews. Tery agreeable In manner and peraonality. Mgoly It: intelligent . Un^fn^^-A? .A.^.^.*^^.'^.f»f^^...<^ tT9^ Ithiepian Tieifpeint. ia "friendly to ^i^ Freneh influence. One of the strong men of the country. rmjwnmm •9tycm 1 — 1101 ■*■"■_ <-■ \A r^ r- f » . t u * •"» •> *- C-» K.l> r-s t r\ LEGATION OF THE / / ? 'i ,v M UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ;«- \.- \ — - J AddlB Al>aba, Ethiopia. Septomber 3rd, 1929. • ;)Kt' I • I 5 / ( : r .it-'- ^ v No* 255. i._. / The HonorahTl"^ • -■*„<., f-rjifTyif*''^ - 3 - f There 1« not yet obtainable any definite news as to who will get the Important post of Oondar. There is persistent nuDor that the King will add it to his own particular group of proTlnoes and appoint one of his close henchmen to gorem it for him* At any rate one of the sooalled Hew Party •— a designation includ- ing those who follow the King •— will likely replace Gtuksa. The latter is one of the yery few remaining high offioials of the sooalled Old Party *— a designa- tion used to coTer those who follow the Soqpress and the Church — left in a position of Importance and now he is going. Thus Tafari continues to strengthen his hold on the country and in this instance has brought about a change hawing, whether intentionally or not, a direct bearing on the American interest of the Tsana dam. I ha^e the honor to be, Sir, ■■■J I i. I ADDISON 1. 80 DOCUMENT FILE NOTE 884..24/sgt TOR .-.i__JSL6A. FROM .AbiLaalnla (^iithanL ) dated ..afijLtBnibAr-.JjSL^-.lS^ TO NAME 1—1127 aro REGARDING: the arrival of the two Italian Military tarits and the favorable inpression which they have had on the pop- ulaoe regarding the power of the King who is now in a good position to effect the changes in oonimand which he conteniplates announoing during the Llaskal festiv- itlest ^ • nib V, , g^^^^f4i^ijittfgm»mmmimm>^i»^^''*^' "■»«i*S«l«!«E,^, : '4 ■ I ■ ■■«. lA « •>/ •^3 ■» - ;;i^; MVt •*» • ■■ ^' -c ; )c. ^bs •r JngMM Mtk, UM. •f Xil§ Vi^ ^^1^^^—^ 4M jA^^^ tk A ^^^^ ^^KiA 'v ^k ^^^^'^^H^^ ^k^k^^'^^fe^h ^M^^h A ^id^ ^^.^^ ^H^^^^i^^MM^ ^^^ im^ ^ttfiht^^M!^ ^L ^M^^^A ■4 T ; ^ 0dp ZtaUui •ffUUl %iiaiDi iMiiKS Mir uwiiFvA tnA iMifVt pUVMMM # •ImiMi #soriUiit ii^ls fM^ttvi fnitatntiii lt i l ml tin •# ithiM^A Ia UMI MUV% Intlli^fll %• qi^Mtlfli niifMl^ •M ft MM nvyAaiiM ytvnMttjr •' .>v^^ ->--<.r% . •^,f ^ Vi;}"'/.«>" --• wt .rf»^' <■■:■<■ ^ M ^ flUMii iffw ^Mi ttilQr Unm %Iimi %b iiMi IM^ WUB MUHMNMI 4rif f^UrtlMHP ftHMNMMI&MI IttMi # dull I^PVWMUUmMI iMIfV 4MPlMJllMiAjf MNMAIMNUi Sin iiiiisiqf villi iMi fMT lIUMl ulitiii iMi wiy wlitti Ia fCf1l#liJl ilUwMMi PMt WW till I Z iMMm %Imi ^ifTMH' %§ Inn flftVi Southard- JUUUUHV 8# 800VR4JBII# '.¥ y s f -^ ^Tu.■ '-"» /^k -^ -^"ud- 7*. I^ -St t, Jk.i c^'^ in- •i^-,- ->^ I .n«^3B«i?l!^"?+«'V ^ ' • i,» *1 DOCUMENT FILE NOTE SM.4Q4/jaCL FOR .....iJiSQ.. FROM TO ■Atyaiilnla (. .SonDaard... ) dated ...0i:.to}}«r..2i^..l929 NAME 1— im •»• REGARDING: |- thtt d#cition of the present Itefal^ue to accept the Tacant blehoprle aad the elgniflcance of thte de- eleioB • Mm bishop he will no longer reside at Iddls Ababa and consequently his power to lntrl|:ne against the King will be conelderabljr diminished^ mb H k - » t d-'- k.^^-. -•. — f "-aff«-^,i^ V,,.. / "•.4.* # 0«M)Mr M%l^ !••» Tte StaMMlbltf Tto a#ti«%«i7 of s%«t«p Irt X lMiT« tlw %• wmtmr to tho i ^g a t lw i * > fi#« tto of J^7 9%]^ X^ttt «Bi %o ml t au o at Jigpattiwi m. tte fl«ioi«l iiibjo#t of tko M« Ooftio AbMna fsr gtldtyta aai of tte ooi>— imtloa of fOttr ithiopltno m BluAisyo wittk m fifth to foil >w Itt tiao* BlitfLOfrio «M 9f%0d FtlltWfilil 014^0^1 VMPO ago of tho four Mwly hoo 4#Tolopod a toni—oy 9m tho port aot oaly of tho latljr tttt t 4 (I ;^%<8fc^ ^ S • t * 0fML% MlA MMHrtML totf^T — A iMt «0% y«t Cmtiam€ TiMlmX AiiPi»l«mi of Mil«f las t tt tttty ^w tJM at Im«% Mmtmpm, m lone ft* tin* Xt«lii#M •Jtor«li ^ will %Kw% fiM •yfortnaitUt for iBtrMlM aiAiBfit Tftf«ri or %1m wort wo of mo yoUtlooX fovtr* Z toovo %bm iMwr to bo, £!iv» TOov o0o41 Axoitxar X, nio 840«4. AU/oid, ■yf-v r ■■ TJ • DOCUMENT FILE NOTE 884.01/14 FOR i.2?4 FROM TO ■•Inla ( Southftrd ) DATED _lfiy.i.22^ .1929.. NAME I— 1197 .>• REGARDING: th« possible political consequences of the death of Bas Nado, Governor of follega, an Ithioplan Province. m"b a>j 11 1 — w anri— aeearat —i ll.. \^, > f^t <*)•# ' . . /. ■ 'Af*<*ip<.>)[.. % 'V 'WP ^^WPiB^i^^^'^'^^ ' t XM* i ^ ^y^ I 1^ r Ite^ MIA tilt mmmMM sirt iff -'■>< 1 X teV9 %)M %• r«p«r% tiM tefttHf fPigw— >iy MM MtiivAl ••iiMSt •f US* Had* •$ Otvl ia **f mm 1M9 u lit* 4 «i tilt Utt tr IBtlit ItM, tai it %litft t> tt ii tt tilt f«lit» Itf ta» ' .i*fl a' s^ *n Aittyittt ttf OUa, er- lA VMV^^H t^^H^QjH^i^^v ^ •^Wi^^BP^P ^^^I^^^^PHi ^^^W ^^^IP tlX la ^M tVMt iiniilitt ^ itaHtta tni Mtit tat ttet otf t ta t i tf 9tUt0t* at btm la lata aat la ^I^P^ ^PIBI^^ ^Hl^^F«wH^^> ^

    i«fi prsrrUittiid ggrwnwr * mA im^ H'^qvMntly iMi^ft «Mii%l«Mid ia tfttspfttvlMS twm^ tbm L«0fttioii« For tfm past tliirt/ tmts tet iMui W«b • wwiliiy of aost of o«#itett««X vmyt* Ho wms «2mi iiMd olT tuo 2%]ii«plAa Aol* •^tloa vliioh YUl%«d tM Uait«d ataUa ift IftlD* thiB Of floor M«o aooop%o4 conoyolly as o tiwwiior of tho oooftlXod 0X4 Pmrty ia ^thioploa politloo oind mo ouoh y o w ooo i Muah lafluoaoo with %ho i!:ia|Vooo« ilowovor, Im otto oXoo on a^Uror (tad frloaA of iclag Xafovl aad ran* dor«4 III* iijoioaty lauoy oorrloo^ ia his yalatioao with %ho •^' Hyr o oo aad wltb tho party of tho ciairolu Ho aao roawAod aa a Tafari nan la politloaX affalro aad liia doath will undoabtodly )m a se%m% poraoaaX aa voXX aa poXltioaX Xoaa to tbo ^iac* Rado ^d iaicoa at aa adopts ad aoai aftor aa ^thioplaa oaatoaiy the l>odJaanitoli i>oata :>«Bitu aho lo •oB»la*Xaw of tlio Kiae* ^» ri7» Tout olMdifntNiM^rTmiitt I' •1 ,1 ADOir>oR T^ soimum). ■4 3 li «■,» (i^^' '.i -^ .-» .rt...-,-^v.--.vi:!s* *it^;^«c.f^3<>. w -.fc- ■» AM RECO LEGATION OF THE :3-? <^NITED STATES OF AMERICA !« 3-3 c !) ^k Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. ^^ November 26th, 1929. m\ - 2 5Q J AD -3/30 No. 295. 2&^^ -«*» 4 The Honorable ^ The Secretary of State, Washington. Sir: * Z* f ' A H S I I FOR DISTRIBUIIOri - Cm.G: ^,». " •-" T Ik I E / I have the honor to report that news has recently- arrived in Addis Ababa of a development of organized brigandage in northern Ethiopia which has possibilities for serious political trouble. The Legation has reported at various times during the year the hostilities of the Dankall tribes living in the desert at the foot of the Ethiopian plateau. These tribes were last year again aroused by the pro- posal of an Assab-DesSie road which would deprive them of the livelihood which they gain by renting camels and by looting various of the less fortunate caravans to and if "^"^^^ 0.^s!tiSmtf^a''if^- S..i(C»l*i -lii^ *i*i**»w4.^ 7""'^ ' ¥ l """' a . Ig5 ''g ^ p. * - 2 - \ ( (< 6Lnd from the sea. Later they were joined by upland Eth- iopians in brigandage of certain kinds. It was with this mixed Ethiopian-Dankall crowd that the Italiem^Baron Franchetti had the brawl reported in the Legation's No. 190 of May 7th, 1929. The proportion of Ethiopian brigands in this area has grown and a few months ago they turned on their Dan- kali allies and killed many. The Legation is confiden- tially but reliably informed that lately about three hundred male Dankalis arrived as refugees at the Aouache river not far west of the Franco-Ethiopian Railway of whom most had been defeated in battle and somewhat un- gently emasctilated by the highland Ethiopians. King Tafari has sent various of the northern provincial gov- ernors against these rebels but they have not been suc- cessful. Some of their soldiers have joined the enemy. What was originally a small body of Ethiopian brig- ands of mixed Tigrean and Galla blood has now become a movement estimated to number ten thoussnd armed men. Their center of operations is about a hundred miles north of Dessie. They attack large towns, loot, kill many people, and take others prisoners. They have put into active practice the one time Ethiopian military barbarism of emasculating male prisoners, which possibly explains the lack of success of the government troops so far sent against the brigands as the fighting ardor of the soldiers is naturally cooled by the thought of this more r^ -''I i' ' ■■:*1l Hi ■■ YZ ,.,^ ^--. ■V-.jifcwjJSiik'/'*'*;.-. ..■Vv..v, 'flbi'- '-**i. v^ - 3 - more than ordinarily offensive addition to the usual haz- ards of warfare. As the provincial governors sent by the King against these brigands have to date failed His Majesty has decided to take direct action. The Legation learns confidentially that shortly two of His Majesty* s three sirplanes will pro- ceed to Dessie and work out from there on bombing expedi- tions. Previous report has been made as to the aoquisi- tion by the King of two Trench airplanes and a German one. The King has actually despatched no troops but has sent arms and anrainition from his own slender stores for the use of the Wollo Galla troops whom it is understood he will send into the field from Bessie. The rebels are said to be pretty well armed with modern rifles which they have obtained from gun-runners of various national- ities operating via Italian territory. No important Ethiopian chieftain has yet been con- nected with the rebels and their forays have not yet, therefore, taken on political aspect. The King regards them as brigeuids. However, now that they have reached the reported respectable number of ten thousauid there may arise temptation to Join them on the part of certain provincial governors politically opposed to Tafari. Ac- oordingly it is important that the latter suppress the movement promptly aoid effectively before it grows more. It is evident that so far His Majesty has had only luke-' warm cooperation from the northern governors and this is said to worry him somewhat, although fortunately there is I ■ - 4 - • Is no indication that any of the important ones are like- ly to Join the brigands and thus introduce the political element which might bring serious results. I have the honor to be, Sir, ADDISON E. SOU i ^ -.^ .;r-fO^-.- :,V„r^«m->' ■ *.vsr:iV . * iH t * smi tmrn i ' "^ .V ^ r AM r^ccO •^3 ' Legation of the d states of america Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. December 14th, 1929. b No, 306. JAN IS 30 QRDIS TP; :'.\ .v' K r ^]LAR E ,-».-'-- ~ ^ "■ i;0 ^ . . > -1 ■^ A The rionorable The Secretary of State, Washington. Sir: 1 . • o > i I have the honor to/refer to the Legation's No* 295*' of November 26th, 1929/ reporting on the brigandage in Northern Ethiopia whi^h has lately taken somewhat the form of a rebellion against the Government. The Legation learns from a reasonably reliable source of information that King Tafari on behalf of the Empress and himself has just read before the Grand Council of Min- istersf (please see the Legation's No* 39 of June 19th, ^ ' 1928/ on the organization of the Ethiopian Government) a con^..enUa. .^.ee .eo.a..n« t.e. a s.a.e o. war a..s.s in the northern area concerned. This means, of course, ( that tho situ&ticn is now recognized as more than one of a *■ ,> - -4i. . '- -*>»4f.-'»-i^V>t " 1 fJ:&i-4u"''' *■- ^ ■ ->■>« - 2 - a development of ordinary brigandage and will be dealt with by the formal despatch of government troops. The King has been using his airplanes during the past sev- eral days to send various of his advisers and generals to reconnoitre the situation. To date there is available no reliable information indicating that the little rebellion in the north is headed or influenced by any important Ethiopian chief- tain, or that it is motivated by any particular polit- ical purpose. The situation offers, of course, an obvious opportunity to some of King Tafari»s political opponents, but if it is handled promptly and strongly, as now seems to be the intention of the Government, the development of a serious political complexion is more or less improbable. I have the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient se r- \ V>-^^w ADDISON E. SOUTHARD. '%. -~,\' « -'• ^. .v^^,.l «»< isv .-»t:.t,»«CO&c.-.*J.., .' -.»•;<<•«* ■ vi-»» o j ftl'j ui iJ W i r i-'"'^' iafl«**^»»'» » »to .:»»- .^v^^n-.-..^—. jranWW»IMMMM»;*l»«»«.fciiWl-, ^J>"^ ^ Departmknt of Stati 4 I »• I V ■ -5* ^ 'M ^ porT;ing XJ. '**■'— rlier despatclies, re- iall rebellion in north- ern Ethiopia. MfiLny wild rumors are reaching Addis A^atia of which the most persistent is that Has auksa Woli and Ras Guksa Arie have now joined the rebellion. The Department's Form of Confidential Biographic Data on Guksa Woli was submitted on March 23rd, 1929, and on Guksa Arte under date of July 11th, 1929. The two men are not closely. i >-j» P b related at least. : • 1 c ] / It 1 4? "^^ ri ~ ' "^ ' .^«'* i _ « tf i m » < u ' ... ^f 't-»ij*'*U- •~-.,^. rw»A..j >^i ■?•««* «?«'''»J(»^jP?«r?^ •'^ Department of State DIVISION OF NEAR EASTERN AFPAPRS I 1^ I '? porting m uuiixl ern Ethiopia. \^ \^ ^ mm ^. lier despatches, re- fiill rebellion in north- C «j> ,♦ I Memy wild rumors are reaching Addis Ababa of which, the most persistent is that Has G\iksa Woli and Ras Guksa Arie have now joined the rebellion. The Department's Form of Confidential Biographic Data on G-uksa Woli was submitted on March 23rd, 1929, and on Guksa Arie under date of July 11th, 1929. The two men are not closely () •Si \: l--l« P m related at least. : • 1 U.) / It r- s^ f ..•*' L_ Ml -'^ >^-->to ■B *nL^ ' . < » I iwtupi III tm ^ • » r tr . -i '•-i^P*, fiiAjtiiit » f ^^'f^fJfS^^'II^^SJ?!*?!!!^^ - . -mflM^f^'i:: i'i \ r: 1 ■^,4 .\ / AM UN 19:03 ;f^ "^ OF THE OF AMERICA '\\ .->■'"■ ""'\ '•^•. / -- A^iii^ Ababa, . rt .: V % v.* . ' I V M • H' December 2l8t, 1929.< No. 30 Honorable Secretary of State, Coi.)/ TraatmiiUKi by ihe Washington. Oommeroi^l Office (A-O/O) To 9-\lU'r I have the honor to refer to the Legatlo 306 of December 14th, 1929, and to earlier despatched, re- porting in connection with the small rebellion in north- ern Ethiopia, MaJiy wild rumors are reaching Addis Ababa of which the most persistent is that Ras Guksa Woli and Has Guksa Arie have now joined the rebellion. The Department's Fonn of Confidential Biographic Data on Guksa Woli was submitted on March 23rd, 1929, and on Guksa Arie under date of July 11th, 1929. The two men are not closely ^ p. CJ related at least. It 1^ W^ I I <» M illil 'i <»l»H «■ ,'» rM rf ..r».i -;:i^*L^ ■^*gj«»yWi Mi l iiii ,J., ' **'***jj'*giBwi' 'M >*»*M>^ '■« m«iT II— II uaj H- - 2 - does have prestige among the older Ethiopians. Ras It is impossible to confirm these rumors but both my French and German colleagues when questioned say that they have supporting information from sources believed reliable. Because of the mourning in connection with the death of the Dedjazmatfch Wolde Selassie, reported in the Legation's No, 308/of December 30th, 1929, I have been unable to reach cer/tain highly placed Ethiopians who on occasion assist me in establishing the probable degree of accuracy of such rumors. There are no proper newspapers or other forms of current publicity in Eth- iopia and for real information one must depend upon his particular private contacts* Ras Guksa Woli has long been a thorn in the side of the Tafari party. He is husband of the Empress, but separated from her for political reasons. His transfer from the important governorship of G-ondar, and reasons leading /th^eto, were all reported in the Legation's No. 255 /of September 3rd, 1929. The consent of the Empresaf to this transfer of Guksa to a lesser position was undoubtedly obtained at the time, but she has since brooded over the matter eind is said now to feel much aggrieved at Tafari. Guksa has heard of this situa- tion and is alleged to have seized the opportunity of- fered by the rebellion in the north to attempt to re- gain his lost prestige and at the same time to revenge himself upon Tarari. He is not an able man but he iSt*'jite-S*^^^v.'^^'.jt»aa»a?'^i*^*^^ ^.^ - 3 - Ras Guksa Arie has long been oounted a Tafari man. However, friction has lately arisen over his mistreat- ment of his wife who is a niece of King Tafari. This Guksa is also very ambitious and not noted for his loyalty. It is surmised that he has been Influenced by the other Guksa to sympathize with the rebellion. Neither chieftain is yet proved to have committed any definitely overt act, but both are said to be secret- ly encouraging the rebels and to be ready actively to join if and when said joining may appear to be safe and as likely to gain their ends. Ras Guksa Vfoli is opposed to the Tsana Dam enter- prise and that is thought to be at least one of the minor reasons which spurred King Tafari to the transfer of this governor from Gondar, as reported in the Lega- tion* s No, 255. Whatever may be the facts there are reasons which give substance to the rumors of the alignment of these two chieftains with the rebels. Should they actually and actively join forces King Tafari will have on his hands a serious rebellion which may throw the country back many years. In this connection it would again seem appropriate to refer to the policy of Britain, France and Italy in keeping King Tafari from importing sufficient arms and ammunition properly to police his ) Empire The rebels know of the King's lack of suf- ficient and appropriate military equipment and are thereby "utiA.^^ ■ ■ ***«»•■ ■*-''^ ~~^ '^■'-.■irvnMtf -.^4^ »i. ---^MAi^afSawSi > ■■■ .. * ,>.u - 4 - thereby emboldened. Tafari's difficulties are enormous under the circumstances. He can control and rule the Empire if given half a chance, but he must be permitted to build up and adequately equip at least a military pol- ice. One finds it difficult here to avoid the impres- sion that the three European powers named are quite agree- able to troubled conditions in Ethiopia from which they may realize their own particular ambitions. The rebels in the north are persistently rumored to have complete equipment of Italian guns and ammunition. My French colleague has told me this in positive terms, but as the French and Italians here appear at least oc- casionally to circulate more or less malicious rumors about each other my information from the source indic- ated may be somewhat colored. My German colleague now claims to have been positively informed by the Garman pilot of the recently wrecked Junkers airplane {see the Legation's No. 308 of December 20th, 1929) that during the latter* s sojourn in Dessie he saw the Italian equip- ^ ment of the rebels, and that they even have many machine guns placed on mountain elevations to shoot at the air- planes sent to reconnoitre. If it is true that the rebels have Italian equipment there are two possible ex- planations. One, and perhaps the least probable, is that the Italians have supplied them from Eritrea. A second and more probable explanation is that Italian gun-runners working in from the Red Sea coast just north of I - 5 - of Assab have provided the materials. At any rat© there is little doubt that the rebels have arms ajid ammunition which they could not possibly have obtained from legal or legitimate Ethiopian sources. The above comment has been sifted from a maze of rumor and allegation. There is as yet little well confirmed information. However, this report is made in the conviction that there exists a definitely troub- led situation which may lead to serious disturbances in the country. The situation is in general deplorable, but has also a special significance from American view- point. We have, after long, persistent and tedious effort, worked up to within sight of a probably success- ful ending of the negotiations for the Lake Tsana-Blue Nile dam and these possible disturbances will, of course, give us a material setback. Such an unfore- seen obstacle may not, of course, eventuate but this oomment is provided to give the Department all avail- able background on which to view possible future devel- opments reported perhaps at first in the briefer form of telegraphic despatches* ^ /^ I have the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, « « * ,.-^ Kccciv cd M^^ti -U-OAItBONOOPlEBfe.:T O- ^.*5Sk- r * 7t " LEGATION OF THE UNtTEP STATES OF AMERICA ? ' r ■\ 9 ^ / Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. \ V Deoember 28th, 1929. •i 1 4 V. _• I. v.. 1-/ .^"-S ^»^^*'^«^^*' ■'•'^ — No. 315. The Honorable The Secretary of State, Washington. Sir: ^ y r / f / / • m CD to I have the honor to refer to the Legation* a No. 309 co of December 2l8t, 1929, reporting on the rebellion in the north of Ethiopia and referring in particular to Ras Guksa Wolie and Has Guksa Arie in that connection. The Legation learns from a reasonably reliable source that the centreuL goTernment at Addis Ababa has now made formal charges that Ras Guksa Arle has sold arms and amBninition to the rebels and otherwise aided them. He has been ordered to come to Addis Ababa to answer the charges. He may or may not come. If he does come he is fairly certain to be put in chains; if he doesn't come he will probably be declared an out- law. 4 - 2 - law. Ras Guksa Wolie is appaxantly still undecided as munition for so large a force, but it oan malce up the deflcienoy by use of the large supplies of more or less obsolete rifles emd sonewhat crudely hcaie-iBade aztmanltion which are stored in and around the Addis Ababa area* One question now worrying the King considerably is whether he dares accompany the military expedition Ethiopian custom and tradition demand that he do so* If he doesn^t go the feudal chieftains will probably also I to whether he will actirely Join the rebels. He has for some time lately been encamped on the Gondar road at the junction of the oaraTan routes leading to Des- sle and to his new goyemorship of Begemeder. He has been ordered to come to Dessle to join the expedition- ary force against the rebels. If he comes as ordered all may be well. If he deoides to go on to Begemeder and abandon the official military expedition the goT- ernment will be placed in the predicament of endeayor- ing, in the face of strong opposition trom. the Empress, to post him as a rebel* Guksa Wolie faces, so to speak, a crossing of his Rubicon. In the meanwhile preparations are going on in Ad- dis Ababa for the despatch to the north of a large military force to number, according to the best avail- j ' I } able information, as many as fifty thousand. The goyernment has not, of course, efficient arms and am- ! »' -■'ilC:WKr*U.t,aJt3« - 3 - also accuse him of oowardlca which, howeyer, in the opinion of this Legation has no part in the hesitation which His Majesty is now showing. If the Xing does leare Addis Ababa the field is open for the Intrigue and agitation of the adherents of the Bmpress and of the Church and of other eoid miscellaneous political opponents. The situation is for the King decidedly difficult whlcheTer way he turns. I haye the honor to be, Sir, YoTir^ZTbedient se kM^ ADDISON E. SOUT I V As*^--v^^*i***«*^ % '^ ftm DEPARTMENT OF STATE Division of Near Eastern Affairs :gation of the states of america >■ f r. »r Riga, LatTia, November 7, 19E5. f.- .• r FP /pi^iy(jui. M £Asrr>::' Or ^f t O ; a No. '^•^•>- The Honorable, The Secretary of State, Waahtngton. 1 / Sir; V<^ r I have tbe honor to forward herewith a confidential 1/ report (13/2) concerning the activities of the Gommonist International in Abysainia. I have the honor to be, Sir, Tour obedient servant :f. jtZ^ ^^6^mmm. Enclosure: F.W.6. GOLEMAH. — I » 1. Gomintem aotivitied in Abyssinia. » - « » ^ ■^'jts-'iaMtk'iKiC'*' .■i&Sm.amMm^i^^a. h^m^ -rtT^ib.-^ — J^i^- •. ' m ifiii n i u i'im ''-t's>c i. " K i x r> « »i.^!y*''i» DEPARTMENT OF STATE Division of Near Eastern Affairs VVN < * c ■"f~V u T-^4K. y^**" 1 ^Vv\/>0^^^ ^>^ r^ 4^ "- V/*>^^ y .^^?N,/*»« /Qy^.^XVV^-'^ (J- "V^wNrA, ATION OF THE STATES OF AMERICA Riga, Latvia, Kovember 7, 1925. '^•^^^sfcvor No. •^•-^•>- The Honorable , The Secretary of State, Washington. •n Sir: •»** ■».■' I have the honor to forward herewith a confidential report (IS/e) concerning the activities of the Communist 1/ International in Abyssinia. I have the honor to be. Sir, Tear obedient servant 'A \ C « -.:-V 1 Enclosure: F.W.B, GOLEMAJJ. 1. Comintern activities in Abyssinia* ♦ ■■ >"«»»S««W)6«tjti.''i; ' »' .fs,*^;****.' ..»»te»iat-:ii ^* ^1* ■■W«»»HW^HfciaB *^^ t3 LEGATION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA TRIO T BY qOM F IPISll T lAl . mn'imimmmimm'mmmi^fmm' i*Mii*Mii*> * v.- • 1*iv. "it-* f>rAFFAIII8. ■■<^.'ii .f f ... <■' I y' --^. ^°^ Distribution No r> ni 1^ V - The Honorable The Seoretary of State, Wadhlngton. / Sir: Higa, Latvia, Uovember 7, 1925 •g H I have the honor to forward herewith a confidential 1/ report fIS/s) concerning the activities of the Communist International in Abyssinia. I have the honor to be, Sir, Yoar obedient servant X. ^. Jjt^ ^^S^JKMm a ■■ ^1 Bncloaare : F.W.B. GOLEMAU. 1. Gomintern activities in Abyaainta. '-'^^^^^iti'mnst^k^ -J ^►'^ GTP'OTLY OONr i DrNTlAL Bncloaare No, / to despatch No»'^^«^'> :Tyifii^iSi0^v0^^.f^Sti^^ Ka«i«e# n^ii ■ t-- -^>4Js.-- -ri^ .'"X.- "^ 1.^^ I'll" ;:aaL'jMMg3H!m«'Tp~.,r.u^:7T«gT,- ^"r-^'^^mi^ffTTsn -spu^^Kfn -'^—■r-T'—f- 'T ■ ''P^ • J~ ■•»»., , ».-»>y. I r ' ' . - ' " ■> ,. f v.- *■ Ho. fft •2. "••• JLbyaai^la In itaelf is of little in- terest, polltloaaiy of eoonomioally, to the "YrocQ the point of riew of the spread of OOMINTEM propaganda in Ahyaalnla, neither the upper nor lower olaaaea repreaent any fertile soil for the same, "The adTantage of penetration into Abyaainia would lie in the preaenoe of a SoTiet Mission on Ahyssinian territvvy, whioh would enable contact with the looal and neighboring rSTOlutionary organ- izations being made and asaiat in the deTelopment of propaganda among the negro tribaa*..,'* These concluaiona of Yanin*a touching Abyssinia were adopted for consideration by the SseoutlTa Committee of the Communist International and the **; ■J---- M,:. ft:;- i,' "a.' ; » ^il Commiaaariat for Foreign Aff airSe Now, sinoe the Bzeoutiye Committee of the Communist International is devoting attention to propaganda in the colonies, the Folitioal Com- mission for Colonial questions attached to the Presidium of the SzeoutlTe Committee of the Com- maniat International is again sending Yanin to Africa. At the present time instructions are being drafted for hima His trip ia scheduled for December, of the present year^ although the Commissariat for Foreign Affairs is urging that he leave 30on§r# ^1 ^4 r. . rr-t ^- ^^'^i&mi,4i»M»' "^: %%. ^f"«IPM f ^ -.1 -3- Yanin will raoelTe the following Inatruotlona from the Gommlsaariat for Foreign Affaire: •.?To ooomanoe negotlatlona with the Abyaalnlan GoYernjnent for a polltloal rapprochement with the 3.3.S«R«, to which end he will be specially em- I powered aa the Gommlaaarlat'a repreaentatlTe. "In the eTent of negotiations being suooessfal, the Gommlsaarlat fdr Foreign Affaire will deapatoh a delegation to Abyaalnla"* The Sseoutlre Committee of the CommTmlst International la Instractlng Vanln to eatabllah con- tact with the negro tribes of Saat and South Africa and acquaint them with the S.S.S.R., Its policy with reapect to oppreased raoea and peoplea, and also with the activity of the Oommonlst International. Td flnanoe the trip of Vanln' a the Szeoatlye Committee of the Oommxinlst International has assigned /") the aum of 350,000 francs, the Oonnleaarlat for Foreign Affair a putting up 100,000 franca* Hla proposed route Is; OdesaawConatantlnople- Asla-Mlnor-Alexandrla, and after that up the Nile through Bgypt and ITubla to Abyssinia. Two QT three assistants are to be glTen Yanln, to be appointed jointly by the SxeoutlTe Gomalttee of the Communlat International and the ComnlaBarlat for f Foreign Affairs. The journey Is to take not less than sijt Bonths* — .. . i' . > It la proposed that Tanln should carzr out a rsTlslon of the Bgyptlai GoBaunlst Farty on hla waj ^ throu^« * ■ .» '- -i iL.. K. -:»r7«r^- 9 f i; A-f J s. I r ( LEGATION OF THE UNITED STAJI^ OF AMERICA lib' Abab»4 V/ ' BtftloplmV \..' !P^''^"TPi: C-' > '/ '//. .>>• ^ / > n ; -;* . ' ,P^^ Jtine 17th, 1929 67.B\ ^^ ^. ?'5rl.v^:il UF JL/Li: l.) «».« vy iOlN 3t:LfVX.TJl • -—If ~.»^ A. 'UIIM MBa«*fWMi« AUG I ' 1929 DEPARTMENT OF STATE FOR Di3TL-.ib ^ ( ' ( l.i u^ S. A 7' No. 269, \oiixina»«ial Ofaoe (A-O/t Th« Honorable flid^ The Secretary of State, Washington • Sir: l>,Vi3!«f.'0r • LASTEin ACfAIHs* I I haye the honor to report that there has re^entlx? ro been an attearpt to work up in Sthlopia soaewhat of a ^ BolsheTlk seare. A oharge of BolsheTlst propagaada u? P has been Bade to justify the deportation of two Russians, I carried out recently by the Ethiopian Gorernment in con- niranoe with the local French Legation. It is ruaored that still other deportations are planned on the saa* basis. The Ethiopians are fanatically raligious, are in- stinct irely anti-for«ign in social respects, are still more or less thoiroughly comaitted to the feudal system under M' 2ft.« '. ^•-i!-.rf»*« •^. '\ nm^" - wmm - E - under which they have for many centuries llTed, end in preeticelly all other ways are poor material for Bol* sheTlst argiwent. There is no industrial detelepment in the country and no resulting acute wage or eost of llTlng problen of the sort which prepare the way for BolshSTlst teaching* I am in no sense a elose student of BolshsTlsm and its methods, but I hare a reasonable general knowledge thereof which leads definitely to the opinion that Ethiopia is the last country in the world likely to be affected by, or seriously to tempt, Bol- shsTlst propaganda. NsTertheless, under the influence partly of cert- ain local personal enmities and motlTes of rerenge and partly of an obsession that Bolsheyism mi^t possibly plant itself in the country, the Ethiopian Qorernment has consented on the basis of charges of Belsherism to the abore Indicated deportations of two local Russians. The first deportation, occurred about six weeks ago, was of a Russian merchant named Wadime Ten6w. This man came to Ethiopia sereral years ago as a re- fugee from Russia and has slnee lired here as a Trench protege* B$ engaged in small merchandising which gare him a modest llTlng. Some months ago he was caught attempting to smuggle a small supply of arms and am- munition up from Djibouti. From sources of informa- tion considered quite reliable the Legation is con- Tinced that Yonow*s arms and amMinltlon Tenture was entirely f h ■-.»:,<•; -<.-... *•«■ .ir-.'«i,:ati^t^(f*.,> •«l ^-^i ■ *.■ <" '*.,■■ ''#^ w f ( r 1 - 5 - •Btlr«ly a oosMroial on* aimed at tha Tary handaoaa profit aooruing to tlioaa wbo can run tha Djibouti bloek- ada raatriating tha ahipnant into Itliiopia of aaoli gooda HowoTar, tliia aet ia uaad aaong tha ehargaa to aatabliah Tonow'a ooimootion with fioIahoTian. Ob anothar ooea- aioB ha waa caught amggliag in phoaphoraa and othor ingradianta for tha illicit local produation of ■atchea. Tha graTity of thia lattar crima waa, of eomrae, all tha noro in that it waa an attack mpon tho aateh aonopoly from which Tarioua highly placed Sthiopiana derire fat profit a. HowoTer it waa recorded aa additional proof of Yonow'a Bolahariat eonnactiona. Tot aoae year a Yonow*a amall importing and exporting huaineas had been isntirely with connect iona in Trance* Lately he gara up moat of his French comierclal contaota and aubatit- uted for them American and Gaiman eonnactiona » Thia act conatituted, in the opinion of the Trench Legation in Addis Ababa, another heineua offence againat **tha good relations eziating between Trance and Xthiopia." Tonow was, therefore, deported about aix weaka ago aa a BolahaTist agent. One order of deportation, signed by the Trench Mini star, waa read by the under- aignad. Another aiailar order aaid to haya been ia- aued by tha Ethiopian GoTammant haa not been made public. Yonow could not, of courae, be oonaidered a atrictly law abiding citizen but it doea aeam peculiar that hia acta were giren a political aspect and intent when k-MtLk ,isMfi},«^. ,.,,,, f - , 4'>f,a(il!4^ ^, ( - 4 - whan th»Y ware obTlously plumed solely for the tlnan-' oial profit poeeible and were aore or leas in iBltation of other and aiailar acta aaid to be regularly oarrled out on a larger aeale by aore prominent resldenta of the Ethiopian Enplre. About three weeka ago another Rnsalan known aa Dootor OaTTllow was auanarlly deported with hla wife. In both the Tonow and QaTrilow inatanees the arreat waa effeeted one day without warning and the actual de- portation Bade the next. Ko trial or hearing of any aort waa glren in either inatanee. Dootor Oayrllow, a nan of oonaiderable culture and peraonallty, also came to Ethiopia aa a Buaaian refugee. He waa for aoae year a phyaiolan to the Xu- preaa, and enjoyed great confidence froaa Her Majesty as well as fron King Tafari. About two yeara ago he fell from grace in the Palace. One cauae was perhaps his own inability to refrain from Intrigue in Palace polltioa. Another and probably more effect ire reaa- on aroae from the enmity he incurred from a certain Greek who succeeded him aa Palace phyaician. The Greek in queation practlcea here as a doctor but the local medical association haa refuaed to take him as a member on the grotinda that he haa no diploma and that his sole experience in medicine waa gained aa a aergeant in the Greek army hoapital corpa. Be that as it may the Greek waa the rietor oTer Garrilow. The ■-"■'^ - ■ - IT ti naiiiiiailiiiiriri \ I ( - 5 - Tho latter then for a while held appolntnent as doctor of the Addle Ababa BRUiloipallty. ClrcuBstanoes Indic- ate that he also lost that billet as the result of the naohlnatlons of his Greek adrersary, aided to some ex- tent by his own weakness for Intrigue and gossip — without Bailee •— In natters not prlnarlly his eonoern. Dootor Gavrllow appears also unfortunately a few years ago to hare seduced and taken possession of the wife of one of his local oompatrlots* She presumably did not object. The outraged husband Is still here in the enq^loy of the Ethiopian GoYernmsnt. His burn- ing desire for rerenge doubtless has had something to do with the charges leading to the deportation of Gayrllow. At least he is stated so to boast. In some countries Dootor Oayrilow*s method of aoquirlng a housekeeper would be more sererely condemned than in Ethiopia where the standard and ethlos of such relations are compauratlTely flexible. No one local- ly, other than the despoiled husband, has seemed to hold against Dootor QaTrilow this matter of a wlfe*s transfer of affection. Just a few days before his deportation he was elected President of the local medical association which has as members all the re- putable physicians in the city and of whom a major- ity belong to missionary organizations. Aoeordlng to the two doctors of the American Kisslon Hbspltal the unfortunate Gavrllow was the most highly educated and ■ ixrtr,^ . v****^ ■*-*'■■•■■ .,...*t. i?>' ^> - 6 - r ( and qualified In madloal aclenoe of all the profeaalon In Ethiopia. Doetor QaTrllow took a quite llrely Interest In the affairs of the oountry and Is said to haye been In possession of seoret Information of use to the party of the fiapress In Its opposition to King Tafarl* He was perhaps Indiscreet If, as alleged, he let It be known that ho possessed suoh Information. There has been published from King Tafarl's press em obrlously Inspired and colored article on the Gar- rllow affair. It has been translated and Is attached hereto. There Is Included a letter alleged to hare been written by the Bolsherlst authorities to QoTrllow. The letter has all the appearances of a hoax and Is belloTed by Gavrllow's many friends here, as well as by many others not counted among his friends, to hare originated In the mind and from the pen of the former and rengeful husband of the present consort of Got- rllow. But the deportation was sudden and sunuiry and the Tlctlm had no opportunity for a hearing to demonstrate, as he doubtless easily oould hare done, the flimsy character of the erldenoe put forward as proof that he was an agent of BolshoTlsm. Both Tonow and QaTTllow had offtndod the Freneh Legation \uider the protection of which they came. They undoubtedly outraged Frenoh official sense, whether Intentionally or not. They had probably long "^^^r f ( - 7 - long before been aarked down by tbe Trenoh Legation for exeaplary dleolpllne* Qeyr iXow had in addition created strong personal enmities, as indicated* Both Rassians were perbaps to scne extent also Tiotias of the zeal of an imenian who is head of the Ethiopian secret police. This particular sleuth is an ex-Beaber of the Turkish secret police and is reputed to be highly skilled in agent proTocatenr aethods* Haturally he is always seeking opportunity to impress on his Ethiopian eaploy- ers CTideace of his skill, energy, and general ability. He, too, is a French protegii and might reasonably be expected to render a small serrice to the French Lega- tion in return. With these influences all at work the charges of BolshcTism necessary sufficiently to enlist Ethiopian official support might easily be ar- ranged* This affair of Tonow and GaTrllow is not of great Importance to others than themselres. The present re- port is made In some detail because of the assumption that the Department is directly interested in actual or alleged subrerslTe morements of BelsheTlst origin in any part of the world* Ho such morement has actual- ly occurred here, nor is one likely to occur, but the two deportations in question may concelTably be adrer- tised to that effect in the international press* Ac- cordlngly there is herewith submitted what is thought - 8 - c r ^ ^ by the Legation to be an aoeurate reralon of the affair, and one which In no way supports a. charge of Bolsherlst actlTlty or connection therewith* The Legation has excellent sources of Information, and has had the op- portunity for close personal obserratlon orer a period of tlJM — without social Intlaacy — - of the actlrltles and llTlng habits of the two deportees. There Is, of course, no Intention on the part of the Legation to plead their case* iny coonent herein which might take such appearance Is Intended merely to support the obserratlon that the charges of Bolsherlsm In connec- tion with the two deportations are without serious foundation* There has, of course, been omitted much detail corroboratlTe of the opinion herein set forth* I hsTe the honor to be, Sir, X •5 4 1 .»-i- •-*■ .«, mM^>^iiAt>mmf»ti^llr^^ i 1 r x' :<» til V^^M ^ j"^i BY DOCTOR ft4intII/>W. It is a well known fact t]iat all Xthloplana, trcm tlia King down to tha oooBon paopla, ara favorably dia- poaad to foralgnars. SowaTari thare ara in all oonn- trias paraona with aril intantiona. Soao of thaaa haTa ooBO to Sthiopia whara, aft ar a plaaaant and profit' ablt stay, ratom to tbair eoontrias and pabliali oalu- niaa againat this ooontry and ita paopla. Xnlightanad paopla do not baliara saah propaganda, but tba aajoritj of tha aasaaa, inelnding woaan, aeeapt as truth anything that is printed. RttBsrous persons Bake,praas osapaigns of this sart. iiBong then ara aoma irtio, in grare eaaes, hara been the objects of measures of expulsion. Last year a eertain Doctor Garabedian, Azaanian, haTing been expelled froa Ithiopia for bringing liam to tha people of Ithiopia by iUieit traffic in narcot- icsy went to QanaTa and there publiahed a aeries of false and misleading art idea in tha newspapers* Many read these articles. His efforts howoTer ware in Tain, as none would beliere his allegations. Than thare was a certain Tanach (TonowT), Oarman, expelled from Sthiopia for rarioua illegal antarpriaes, who published further falae accusations regarding Sth- iopia. Ind now a phyaician. Doctor OaTrilow, fozmerly attached to th^ Manic ipality of Addis Ababa, haa bean conrietad of riolatlng tha law and haa been ezpallad. we therefore sooBarisa tha eireaastaaaes leading to his expulsion, in order that thoae who in future raad any of tha art idea ha might publiah, should not belioTO then. Srery one knowa that Russia waa a prosperous coun- try of large population. In 190d ( ale, manning 1916?) a number of ragranta, crooka, adTenturers, thiares and Tagabonds - 2 - Enolosure. ragabonds joined f oroas and by fooientlng strikes, oom- pletely orerthrew the Ck>Temnient. This was followed by persecution of high dignitaries, nobles, bishops, priests, burghers and the good oonmon people. State buildings were ransacked and destroyed. Persons of high rank and esteem, the rich and the elite of the pop- rLlatlon, were compelled to stoop to the meanest labor, such as breaking stone, and carrying loads, commonly done by people of the lowest class. MoreoTer, claiming that a house and a woman should not belong to any one person, they seized the wires of the nobles and high persons and exposed them to the mockery of all. As a result of this turmoil, blood flowed like water in Russia. Streets and other places were filled with corpses. The country was ruined. ^ farmers and merchants were lost. Hardship was general flind famine reigned in the country. And those irtio es- caped the bullet and the sword were deolmated by starra- tlon. Those who caused this great catastrophe are known as BolshsYlks. The Russlcms who had remained faithful to the King and GoyerDment emd had opposed the Bolsheriks, were ex- pelled, and dispersed in all countries. Whererer they went they recelTed much help, were clothed and giren shelter. The BolsheTlks, learning of the manner in which these exiles were giyen assistance while they themselTes remained the prey of fsmine, also trarelled in foreign countries in the guise of exiles, for the purpose of making trouble. Some were dlscoTered and repatriated to their country. Of the Russians who came to Ethiopia, those hSTlng an aptitude for work were giren m&ployment. Others, haying no profession, were recelyed with kindness and to a considerable extent were giyen financial relief. The leaders and priests of the Ethiopian Church Joined with the Russians here to pray for the rest of the soul of the Emperor of Russia, who had been mrdered by the Bolsheyiks, in this way expressing their sympathy to- wards Russia. As tares are found among wheat, so Doctor Gayrllow, who had been appointed a Doctor of the Municipality, was soon found, among the Russian exiles to Ethiopia, to be a partisan of Bolsheyism. His sympathies were recognized through his speech and actions. First, --Mu^a^M^^^^r ^-^teti-^ - 3 - gnoXosure ( First, he publlelj carried off the wife of one of hie oun eountrymen end friends. The latter, being un- able to pforsue In sourt the seducer Doctor Oafrllow, preferred death to dishonor and attempted suicide. He Inflicted on himself a serious rifle voujid. Second^ haying obserred that doctors of Tarlous nationalities were treating the slok, he adrlsed pa- tients to apply only to hlBself • He based his argu- ■ent upon the pretense, not only that he was a Russian, but aoreorer an Orthodox Christian like themselTos. He thus caused ouch harm by proTentlng the sick from consulting other doctors. Third, the late physician of the Menelek II Lyceum fell 111, emd was treated by Doctor Gayrllow with such haste and Imprudence that It caused his sudden death. When these reprehensible actions became known to the Iftmlclpallty, Doctor Gayrllow was dismissed. He later began to derote himself to manoeuTres against the Interests of the country. He started dissatis- faction amongst the people. He made pernicious pro- paganda among those lAo came to him for treatment. But the Sthloplan people, profoundly Christian, God-fearing, loyal to their King, not only refused to head the counsels of Doctor Gayrllow, but Informed the police authorities of his current actions. These authorities, In order to ascertain the truth of the reports recelyed, sent trusted agents to him. Doctor Gayrllow took them to be partisans of Belsheylsm and began to confide all his secrets to them. He then wrote to one of his friends In Sofia, Bulgaria, for exploslye bombs, which were to be thrown at the Q:ueen, the King, the nobles, high dignitaries, doctors of the church, soldiers and people, at sueh time as all these shonild be assembled In one place, thus to cause trouble and oyerthrow the Ethiopian Goy- emment. He showed this letter to one of the agents of the police, who hastened to report the matter sec- retly. Three months later Doctor Gayrllow recelyed the reply to this letter, stating that the exploslye bombs and other materials were ready to be forwarded. Doctor Gayrllow, not supposing that he was under suspicion as a Bolsheylk agent, and fearing dlscoyery, hastened to show this letter to a certain person. The letter '■*-» < ?»■» <» j» fc,Tfc^- - 4 - Snolosure* letter afterwards oame Into the hands of the Chief of Polioe. Ji The Chief of Police, who for three months had known the moTements of Doctor GaTXilow, possessed proof In this lettervof the whole ehain of cirooBstanoes from beginning to end. Thereupon Do o tor QaTrilow, found gailt7 of having deroted himself to the spread of pro- paganda among the good and Christian people of Ethiop- ia, with the purpose of destroying the Ethiopian GoTern- ment and causing harm to the people, was oondemned to be expelled. He was arrested by the police on Qenbot 9th, 1921 (Hay 17th, 1929) and placed on a train learing Addis Ababa that day. The letter proring Doctor Gavrilow's Bolshevist propaganda is reproduced in the following page: ^-■'»<»«Ma9s3iaK5.';.4Mt, ., ■%.. - 5 - Sxiolosare. ( Translation of Letter. Comrade (Torarlsh) GaTrilow: We hare reoelTed your letters, as well as the moneys In two enTelopes, amounting to Bstg 50. We hare done eTerythlng* We Inform you that we haye machine guns of the German System, They ean be dismounted Into pieces. We undertake to transport and dellrer them In Fort Said* We haTe reoelTed the addres- ses and photographs of your people. We shall therefore hand ererythlng over to them, Conoemlng the hand bombs and those with the watch (probably the Infernal machine), as you haye written, they may be used at any moment... It Is possible to transport and dellTer them In Port Said. It will be necessary to spend Bstg 300 for 50 pieces. The organization requests you to send the money to the addresses which are well known to you (5 addres- ses) • You ask us to send you men. In the next session we shall take a resolution on this question and send you the results by way of Port Said. Our comradely salutations, P« M. C. B. 0. r^ -<^. ■-. .*.j^ ,.,^ IT' Tv yWT^ •■''jvr* r t DOCUMENT FILE NOTE 884.6461-78800 Dai^l09 #232 FOR Abyssinia FROM TO Southard July 27, 19 2S ( ) DATED NAME '-*'" •" REGARDING: deportation from Ethiopia of HloolAs VoronoTdcy, a Hussian emigre, beoause of his relations with the Bolshevists, partlonlarly the famishing of confidential Infomation to Uosoow oonaernii^ the Lake Clsanft Dam project. Wh •.»«ri.j(f;f*l.:.. -,.iA.v. :S-.sa« J*S| .^,,^^mk.*imM^»»£i^«A^**mmiMk.^ '■■-. 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DATCD4\;^ga8.tJt§-^. .1.929, NAME • VO REGARDING: the boundaries of the Ethiopian prcvinoes and tie jiirlsdiotion of the governors* Enoloaing a tent* atire list of goTemors with indications of the districts governed* On this list will be found provinces listed as gcvamed by the Bi5)ress and King* These territories are in reality governed by others but the taxation is fox the benefit of the nominal eovemorst ^- mb ^ .^ A 1 «*• ^ . ■ i! ' '^tt "^ 'IP*** ■ ^I^^J'VV^ c ^ ^ ^ ^ \ ■*'.^--cv:r ?< C^ ^% m .•J. •/ ■^W'lfpi^f ''■#s*, *K., V «.fj" ;.-.. '. <•' i ■'■■ '' *i'j^ <.-I"' »- , V-/ Subject '•%.. •- Oa SSfliUMHftb' X). h'j' < • . « -> j.U CD O O I > 71 O n Z c m • V '^\v, » St- ■ ^W'J .:^4 .-/ f -: T' i *\' Please do not dinrraiige or r^Bore ptpera from this Jacket or deface jacket with ofllce stamp or notatioiia. 1— r » I^f^- T' DOCUMENT FILE NOTE % Q84,4pl/i. ..FOR ^ ^ ^ ^ FROM M-Sn. TO ( Jark ) DATED NAME 1~11J7 O P O ] J! i REGARDING: Possibility of raoial disoriiniiuition against His Imperial Higtaness Has Tafarl MakoxuMxi, should lie determine to seek passage on vessel of the Dollar Steamship Lin«« Oo.Aes of oorrespondenoe between Consul Park at Aden, Arabia and the Dollar Steamship lin** fP / I f ' f •-»-. Aiflb, AMl4a, Jtftjr ««, ldl9« smnof t m mnfAjEi tF iSASi* 1 3ZXt ''i\ y* iMNNRllAl CMlftM 4llt 3*^ liMi mm tlMI QsfXtSiV f^ •C ypt^iASw Ab •f Ml ia# •£ ^Mir lAljpv^ mA #0iV ftf n HMw fwn at ^ ^jk^^^^ J||#M|^^#^|^^MM|M^^ Vl&4^ #2|^^ S^^H^ftflife ito^ I«H«r Urott im* l»oU«p 24»i sat «tai !•»»> •MM * tpMMijM4Mi •! Ml MPliiii* frtMihtA iB ^Bflk^^H^^^L (B •• •^ Hii iMMiltfli ItftoilMNHif i^# «^4Uyi J J '«« Itia #1^^ ^Bp W pWPI^BB^WB Mw is •C SAHrt^taf irtT is Ikftt 1» te r ~ - ^>: ■■'^-^ < jr«9r#M»tattT« aBA t«d ^mrtaUj %• M If %lM Ia%t«iP« fir will ftXl«Hmt»A Ii%«»«tav« ■■anwitnc tita iNittov ^tyiiM y—f y liais* X «r«%@ to tiio aiat«4 atato« Sklj^^tm I^tAvA $giA to Hm AilUur XJno for am^ Xitomt«r«, wiiiilb vptti wm»tjf% imm ftvljr fOiMiarteA to Sao fmtuft^ wltH o fiinioir of Mm ▼•v^ftl rOsL««st, iatirootXjT ro#«ivM« lis Xayorial iji4|tfteo«o wan |^t#» f«l oad ro^ivootoi movo olab^ato llt«vmt«ro, if poo«i%Xo, ttea tlio ovdlaaigr •IsronaCMani s«it to kla^ iriMWlae 9o«tl#i^Mud|r tttt pljoyi ^siat i»t«rlor vieivo of jpoawtnijoy a^Upo «f tiM MUojr i.lao« 'fbooo «NHPO FO%«o«tod aaA ro««tiro4 in A«o ••vroo, foXlPOot t^ tiM Qmoo 4^oaMgr*o lottor of ^aar to, IfCf , tiio firat of tte o»aIoa«roo korovlth* In witins ag 70|^ of ^ L4 Itflf t* tko Q^i^^o liao, 1 ffclt %)ukt tlio mx^ememt li^partaa^o waa laii^atad of r»* ibOTiBc ^ «i^ foa^itaio m»mm Hm o ig o a a wM i Uaa« «i9M«Btljr •moBst aiaaiMpt mKttmmmt ttet S^ii^aM^ o f i aially of tte roLlai^ oIaas« ar« in aa^ «i^ to t« aanftoa^ vitii ^HAtt* ]^ooploa, «ia ^loao iur« ]bm«r tii > trK a « It tiMl# to iaprMS o^on tlOa Qaaapaay, alOah ia la a fwOLtiiB ta •Jyaaa.af tiia aonrovt iHpvaaaiaA, Itekt, aa Hr* aiwaar oi^rSt ^^ «oiA4 tHo ottntoiagiaal ovi«Ui aM iiflatitp of tvaa ^thiaytaaa ta gai& fartliar attrnnay» oapaalaUjr ia AMoriaatt yaftlia AiftAl«»« 4.^ tfciayianw aanaiiay ^awaoivoa, and am% witHawt jaatifiaatioa« Ma 9««tatfia of Hm aiato '^■H^^ ^ill^^^» w ^BHBaP ■ J ♦^ ^i>^ !> r#A*>f&««A "mar^V^iMm aii4 i«i»ri«£i3ui ai»rel^ lLtip9«Ki t« ]i»T« l#«a MkjTS* i^ l»nitti» t2i«x« iuro Muo^ itiaoydUii* #£ a T»j|r U«bt •«L»* «B iiatrlMB life i^jbA &t tlid miA <^f sn m«ttf» mwiimg t^t m, SAj4i]3# tlu» fill«t tlMlt h» Ifl in XM MOM llit^gVOiA* Ms fafiufi «kad hi« »iAijit«m ^Jid atriaam arc alra«4jr thMi with ih« X%9M\ 9sCLX$S^%m»^ ant i!ii«IIi«eiit •£ ttM mi^P^it r»««0 cf vfrlaa* Va wamm aaaa^r It wrm IdMit In 'Mw %lt«4 Stattts Vbm ljipr«80i«a )ifr« Iw^ t#«Bi mmi^vA VUkX ^iifl^»ff|0, df tailin^T th^t to 9oad a uliMiiim to ^mutUmr Urn vix^stion of oapital t»T raiXwsgr* i^^ -^thl#plA, Vat ttft#2^ tlift •x;p«rl«si«« ojt 3«]AttA iimm>mr, h» fvax^d ti^t 4iiffi«i;ilti«(i laUlJtkX Vti 9a«9itBt«r«d •alMiIatSd to ^ pggjiAi»i«l t« SUli^pifta* ^4«BAri«fta goodwill, %6Jldh Abgro all fojr^i^ r^latiaiui Eis til|Siiii$8« h(}p«d to foster • ?«:^i«itjr of & oAttdv or tliis natwe^e woold appear to 99 it ▼•jc'jT d#Xld«itt« opftratica, ovriij^ ta tint ^dissitotlitjr 9l^ iai»0OKS«t3m«ti«ti whldi ai^t he |iXao«d itpo» th& distisstiwi ^is«3*i^A a*0p»«« «ito, tiuragti ■•acarakXjr sui^^rdMr to «b^ vf^rl^au; nm^to^ ^#it dlt09«« to xiMMMit a dintinPtdfls botv««a Aoiproid and mam mmfft^Ui AtHmtam* flw ^vistl^m vaiasd ttjr tiio ^llar Liat did iMt imAvd* tiM ««fo«nwo to '*»•«*•'*, tJMit rogurdlMM of x««d, an Mxtmn ^^MaoiO ad hid fiitldwiJic io tavrdtdlAjr Mitltldd td tiM hmmaat dao thmlw vazik and politdpa vtat«s« aidiOd it dTOY m h»^P9tm tto^t ^uyi Safari or o«Mi* r«9VO«otttatiTi of «Mi Jiforiint of i^^Oo^ia te iaeritod to ■*!••»' ;;^n«I<»9-ar«« t 1^, X9Se7, Tiipiti«> kUXM Aiftk^ ioiAmp 6, l$2f« irU* So. 840.1 • X7, rla Alia Itimitiata ««' r«e«i-r« « Xi%tl« iaf^miitllidii nith v<»f«i«ii#« %«» this ^imtX^mn* ilia Ii^rlftl Aig^Bmrnm and his jasr^ oitlz^ljr Mfasmts^ If t^r« !• too mtrmmaTiM o^Jootl^n or) tho iArt of iSs» T^momksmr* iXoftt to th* b«»t ^Msm^r in t^ia to of the ^plr« and .HL«ir to th« Bironf^ at '^thioplA^ aheiild ilia iitg^ai»&» x3Tftxit«aUjr daoids to ta^aval o» one of r^^ •r' Xiiia« ill roi^ly, i wo>il.^ an a i>oXlflgr Llsbt ship, it v/ould ba h.^uljr doalrable ta ^Ta hiK the ^at aaao- siraoA&tlafia ay&llabla, ^fitt n^ a -Prliiaa waA ralar af a» tsii' (LapeMmit and s^ovax^alcX^ ^:^mplra, to mUah all or tha prlnalpal owara ot i^iropa tmve a.?paintaci full ^^Inletars -^^U pa t^itiftxy S.M '>nvoya ivxtraasdlnassr • a A ?sattar of ^naral int^sr^at to you« J wa-olA Yfiatmx the Ki^'^p^atian t2mt th« raliaf z'^aa af s^iiapiii la aat, aa paopla tv% iw^ntl^ c$itppaaa» %<> ba a«eifi3iaad with raaass aantftiti* ii)^ aa^roid ah&vi&ata istiaa aor tJbyat it ^a othar tluui para tiload of -^^aitia orir:la, ^jod ^eit. x^iac fkuailian tjneuia I^Mii* liaaa^f anpipartad b^' sOl tho hiataria&l data ismilattla ^i tM ctt^j^tt, 41iraatlj' Imaic to Jiia^ %XaMMi, %ha <9aia«Ei dilicU af ^aWi 'yfid tltair aantafm^ayairiaa af liJEa nuik axiA iitatiaa^ 2 uDAaratAj^ ala«yf^ljr yaur 4aaiara fiMr gmitaw— Ia Ti^v of tba \ninatiiiataA is^praMiian* all too wtOaAjf |pavalflBi%« tliat all Afria^zia ara ta ba alaaatt vitk t^ atJipm, ftuUliar ta '« < h-.:,-^-'. i f^ •^^4* *«, i a. •£^ tlU« Imjp'^Asl^Hif and ty p9rmmA& tiM laothlwlrtng thfti na 4^y9» iMUiJUa r«2.«r or tt^l^Xe is as worti^ df 4«fl»omalbo tli*/ boloni; to tA ssMih hi^&r %^' a 01 t2M jESSHiJittIt ^^^^''^ ^^ noipFo* Hoso «r^ intolli^imt poo]pl«>o, r«pro&9«« ^lh«y hATO 6 rid^t to hi« oxooodia^^ :)ro«d, ao of •ourso th#y 5,.so, mad thoy oomld iMTor oadojftoni tho iisatoJUty of thtjt «««t«sn poo^aos idM «po«ad oojrslosaljr slAtiO thSM wi«ti ii«ippo««, ^«ir tt>o kxti^ «Aotl^ «hat BOfiTOOS or« aad havo o^w stosdflMiijr i-#faood to aii^flo tho tloods* AS •v-#^.. 1- t *?, Aa incident Ia J^^•alX•4 In sQr #«gEi «jig^«vl«M«t n«»«X^, & viaii »a»€ jre€e a^ oX Mal^in&jnuMiktii factor*, ^m ««%f«it«A €uid hou0r#d in «Ti»2^' myr, ajid «¥«n r^««iiraepl&8 of AtMoft, trom tlMi r«^«lAX point of Tio*. Mor Ai»oo this me^n that nogsoos should bo tvo&tod &• Izifitirioir oooj^oo. iTOii a no^sro rslor or aolilo oti^t to \^ tspo&tod lit aooordADOO with hXa roo#^il£«d ot^tion* loaoo do not look ujp^i tlULo dio«tt6«lon ao a orltloSjR 01 /tmr :>olni of tIow, nM-oli la oSioaifl^ ladorotood* '9n\ :ttlrod In tbo latovovt of ttto and dl^piltir i't^ »xio 'f tlie host «iaMPioe2i ^liijiylimE liiioo, io oni^iiostlona^o and f^iU^ ap$apo«la%«d« It Rl^t 1>6 iMiofttl oad latorostiag to 90\ttd out tho o^^lxiiaR &i ttio avom^ igeiorlMii trar^lor, of «diiali, n^^tav&ll^, jrvm oaMniitar aaojr t^«ii(Miid» dorlB^ a jTOftr. I faa«y tlti't jrou will 1^ otartlod to loam ^um XltUo tfeo eiTorafo ^st«xtt tvRYolJir rcAlOjr aaten^aaA* «k ¥omt t^ tm« "attitoylii^^ a ml ■iwar oftaa ajn^tad to tl» AJMMriaari ttO|pro* I liaTo BO lati«atl^ t»3m Kit "^^M ^ajterl MalBooBaB ttet iM aowta^plataa a J««nMi]r aaywhw^ ir. tho Boajr ftrtHHi oir vram dlsta«t f«*wo« ftla lataiovt la .^«orlaaa aHiys, koaptvar. aaom to m§meX faz* itaU^, alt^av^ oiraa that would aot ao«B to Jaatlfy tlM aaaai^tlaii that iM ' *" " ■'--Vi*«- ,, *..M_,ir ^M j9ii frx^« to b« o^E'iimAod for /evr id«siia»«« to p««&i1il« Aoir> .i^urlK.^ Kstviipt, d»«r Ust. ^taiitt I aa T^xy nemh oMIpid t<» jrovi fo^ atstdia^ip jm « QojpQT or your i&tiErovtln^ 2j»tt«r to tk« d^XXar Lijm s^ 6«»- to l^a tainurl IfalBMBMn. I ei» r^xy ^LaA that jr»u haTe a#t forth tlio flttta plalaXy, as it wvuXd ^ •aljyiiitovs, to uaa no dtrwB^r «»r4. In ease tha ^^^ ahouXA imdarlaka to tsmral apen 9»e af oar ahlys, IX hs faaad htaaalf AJLaarlalsatad !M;ainat, ^apaaiall^r on %k» graund that he la a aa^pra, vliaa, in point of raaiaX f«iat« he ia not* I do vijAi tliat ao«a of oiir paepio Ml^t deal witii prattI«Aa of ^ila kind with a<»M aanaa of diaariaiaatiaa aad athnalaflMJ. kataladisa* It ia gratU^ria^ ta aata tiMit, altho«|^ Con^va^ thxia far kaa failod to jorarida for a paaMownt raprat^statlTa at ^h^aainia, yaa aaatisMi to is^ip mp ralatlana and to aatiitaljt aan^patkioa 1 that aamar of tha w«rld« ^ith tiaA ra#u?da, I «a« Sidled hgrt Sa^art p« SJclanar* P A 1 r p (ooxnr) BaifXSli USOASXQH, APDiH ASAlA. J^Oy 6» V9Mf* '.f-t ith tlM Cfl^yUft^is of iUs Maj«««gr*« )llBl«t«r« / t ^|^[|^^^^^^ ^^jMl ^^^^^^^^Mjt^j^' . K ^^ ■|Bfl^J|||a^^^^^. ^^^^J^ Mam^iiimli^^^i^ ' ^.^^^^^^p ^^mp^^^ ^^^^^^^^Mjp ^l^^5^^|^Br '^^^^^^P^F^ '^^r ^^^^W^Wfi^^^lP^Ua^^^^l^'^^^^^ ^WF'^^ ^f^^^^^^^^WjK' « ■ . MMQEIMP H. dftMlli^ 4MilL -€111 17 '.■.-*-. teijiys Ijjf MBfUii ^kiAli Unit iriDtii iN^Np^ ^"^ Mnii ^it^ltitst ImAiq^ iir to ttttr (^Ijm mv ilMli tt lite i» if* wOX u m ft iMlItt IQiMiA Ifei fMiiliPl Hf .>1 ':2 fUglH^ ll^ i« IMi y|fff>ff in af% ||i% iM|r s-'f .»'.-« .»^ -.C*<»"** ■'"■ -ft • \ ^N^" "'^^IH,.^.- Z'T^- ^„.;^^ -jmiii ' Aft. 'n •' ■ . . ■ - lilt iMiiift* flH^^j^^L ^^ ^HINGTON, Sir: y !3rorm, Ciiapli.in o in Aus.i-alia, ^^uotod fron i:]ie ^^Ausl^ralian Churcli Gtandard" l);y "Co:-'j/u s^ondaiico d^ Ju' I liave tlio honor to enclose a ooiv of rn ai-ticle byj tl^-i \ '-» c )l-L:Seilt Oil ie" of A-a<:,Tii3t 22. 1027, <-^ 9 9 )ers Glial iiT'Dressions of tlu Itince y:e -ent The iiGYorend .'^sliley Uro;/:-!, \rith maqu I nave .he pleasiir' I •1 of a ooi^dial friendJilp, is a n.rui of -uius al intellectnal calibi^ and ^^or^jnal nia. :ne uisi.i article is li.j 1 « - 1 -. O O ;onrions ; vi^;orons, Inoid and sin le • > . 1 / "_'a f ar i ^ c c nal i t i e s a ^eai'S to ne in n-aotiGa' abont v;h i: J C-l every .)• -1 J- res'^'^ecu 'co ^-e G.ie ■Oi.-eca.se truth. 10 onlv -^^oint t/ — T . ex. o in doubt is J. ■ u ruienonce Zj U ^^'^ i I /rmce^ s saocess /-^ ''-i -— > O tL general • One d es not picture a -L a p J. as a director of J. amies m ac u laa nar.ar^ oa u u-lG Tanients of infori.iation th .■J) / lea-:ija fnon v:.r*ons ..ources suen inde-n oO i:::di J- e that the stateness of has []ah\i'i co:itributed _^'erhaps in .^Teater meas'Oj.^e to th^ Bl unei' su:C'-jSS u± the revol-ation of ICIG, 1 ^ •J • Ox uoen or J L/^ : e .'^'■^ ■ ■:-_-»; ;*^'»^ i.'v'*-'- •(titiiiiiftiiiri'iii^i^iti iWMilpifiqHHHManMI ■i.«» ^ «.iii ' iii»'< " i ii i>at4, ' ii' !^ ,i>:. v'liich enthroned liin, than blud -eonin;-: driviiin foroe -*7**! ■■i;v'tl " \'' I -2- f I I ■h i c of t:ie late Fitawarr.ri .laptc Giorgis* There ±3 no verification of tills, since so little of tliat oanpal^ seeiis to be -enorally The Chai:ilain^s ict^oi^e nay appear at first sight to Id overurav/nt !v personal feelinr: is o:ie of deep satisfact- ion in fi:idins at last a better u^'esentation of the Prince than an^^ I have yet seen or any I co-old hope to put in v/ords. I have the honor to be, Sir, Yo-^oi* most obedient s aines Loder ?ark# American Vice Consul • iiclos-^oi^esf F r u " C r r e s po ndan c e Au-ast 22, 1§27. (in Env-:lish) • d^Ethiopie^^ ori{;inai Ori ;inal and 4 copies to the Department • 1 co'"rr to th -.V bassy, London^ 1 copy to the Tiibaosy, Constantinople 1 copy to the Leja';ion, Atliens* Fil G 0. SoOtl umamma ■■«#)',,. ;,.i ii'y:'? I I "i ^f|-' : C P Y. Enclosui^e, rn'ommm^ i Joui'iial: "Cori'esioondance D'eti.ioiJie", Plaoe; Addis Ababa, Abyssinia, Date; Au^i^t 32, 1^27. ( AIT KiGL s:i GLJ:iayi,:Ai;'s ii.:Piiii;^s 101:3 oil E^lIIIOPIA. (•Jlie rievoreiid Asliley Urovm Chaplain of Aden, in the "Australian Church Standard") n -he -^eriod is a critical one for Ab7::sinia» The --Teat Powers of 3-'.U'ope eitlierin:; have neioib -;urin.^' in ei-ests lihe G-reat hritain and Italy v/hlcli necessarily react on the Abyssin- ' ul _ ) Is^ iaii I]m]pire, or they badly 2ieed roon foi- economic e:r:^ansion or s:;ace for their s^arplns pop-olation* Lo:i£;in5^ eyes are turned i- ►5. tov/ards this "andeveloped co'ontry of coLiyaritively si.iall yopulation, and aiiLiny nat^oral './esoiii^ces and perfect clii.iatet J- J. - • .'^ i _aa luz sjon ncnei' couii^ry even m .Australia and at ei^iit bhousand feet Addis Ababa, the capital, tho gh close to the l]cp.iator, is delightfully col t e year ro-jndt The very bac]:- \;ard state of -jhe ^-eople nijht easily be alleged as an excuse fo "-penetration ^oi^r ijcie ambitious H.iroT^ean state sniaut But at this difficult time a very jreat : .an indeed controls tlie lostinies of this Aicient Empire, in the ^erson of the Trince heyent. ^"^^^^ of the mambers of iji ^^v icient Abyssinian '' '■'''"■MOMMMMMIMMMnk*' .41 •^ -;-^■^g ^j^d)ffl &^. ■ .v.- '^ -•^-.ifc-"*" ; • V ■ '-■!■*■. V**!i-Jt^,WSii«i> "V ''^^•^■-V •Si-. « -. . ~-^-:au.:T,. -2- '% '} <4. i ". ,f 1 •/ it Aojssiniaii families, lie is no darker than many a Spaniard, v/itli clea-n cut features • Indeed in his person he -oi-e serves the traditions of the personal beauty in the house of David* He has v;^Teat charm, great dignity and superlD self control • He is a very simple :.ian# His private wealth is enormous, and he has interests in most of the lousiness enter- prises in the Smpire* The greater part of the wh'Ole rich province of Harar is his ovm. patrimony* But most 1 this he expends in tlie servic j of the State* He dresses in the simple v/hite cotton clothes of his people, v/ith a coarse hlacl: v;ool iDurnous or cape in rainy v;eather# He v/aers no Jev:els, a surprise to me, as I have often seen Indian princes literally ablaze v/lth pi'ecious stones* H.. is a strong nan and a very clever man* It has needed both great strength and ability to rule his State of power- ful nobles and turbulent people through stormy days* His success as a general was c-s great as that 'which he has :znovm as a ruler, legislator, Judge, and 'diplomat* He has held his ov.ii with the diplomats who represent the great Pov/ers at his co^jjrt and indeed with his clever a, peal to the Leagua of nations he chec^jiated Great Britain and Italy in their Lake ^'sana- Railvrdy agreement. Svery noveraent in tlie £:reat machine i^y f State tlirougliout his I^rapire is controlled by his ovm able hands. He :aio\7s everything thatogoes on. Cor.unimicatior.s are poor and very slov/, so at times his Justice i.iay appear slow, but it is inevitable. T-iere is p robably no man in the v/orld so hardv/orhed V as ^3 H a I < . mmmm •'^j^. » •a« as lie .3. One Is amazed that s-ach a slender form sliOL-^JLd shelter a spirit of tireles;. energy, and A;ithout being hu27nt np, should hold snch a consuming fire of pc-,:.sionate enthusiasm. i di mutable He is his ovm Cl.ief Justice for by the/Lav/s odC Abyssinia, he h •4 must personally try all cases v/liich may involve capital punisiuientt In ecclesiastical matters lie lias m.uch the same place c\s the Tud-^r monarchs desired in En^-:land. lie might describe himself veiy really as "fidei defe-nsor". As head of \ a State that v/as Christian xilien our ancestors still worshipped their Teutonic deities, ^A Christian island in the midst of Pa *anism^^ to ./aote llenelil: the second, the present ^Irince Hejent is naturally a devotod churchman but his cliurchmanship is c.lso ins-^iired b:y ;:reat sincerity anC doe-o s^arituality. "^ *• • iS interest in theolo -c' is r:reat and well informed. he 1 a .^-reat statesman and riot. lie bums j~*±. lifi: ni- t— ' eo^Ae out of tlie morass of i,^7norance and su-oer- stition in '..nich their isolation for so ::iei'n:y centauries has hep \;hem. In his private Press he *s printing the Scriptures, the lit'urgy, and other inspiring literatva-*e so t^iat the comi.ion ople may x-cac. in tlie co..mon vulgar tong-ae* His anxiety for ir their uplift in this v;ay, reminds us of ouf ov^ni King Alfred in lo "-g age, cjuCl indeed Aby:.sinia in ..any V/Uys rem.inded me of \;hat I i]::agine England \:as lil:e in the Saxon days^^^ 3'^t the road befoi'^e His Im"Derial llij^rlniess is a lia-.d or.e and a lonely one. L? Deadly forces of obsc^urditism and reaction sui^round him# ^Vfh) is ruffiecient for tliese Hhings?^^ Fellow Christians in Australia uan give the s^j.ie ansv/er to this c,uestion as wo^uld that gallant r prince facing his tre..:endous tasl: so nobly and li^iit-heatedly ill Africans Clu-istiaii liupire so far away# Perhaps some of them will p:-ay for himi and his church and people • I shall never the ...M...;vjfliiai.iGMMMHiN». ~,^ ^- KAiMJPMPnWMiMMK^i: ^^-mmm*^''''''^'''''''^'^^- ft'-' ■ ■ ,»'W».1KV«» mtmmm -a&iJii;.' -. i i _^_ Bfl41osure. the ':li-C.ness and courtesy I roceived timon;; the Abyssinian :.io"Linta ins . ( oOO' /SittMk^. "^te'' ■^■■fjtiff'A-*' ''-■' 1 ' & '^ My d«ar Mr. Proeldent: (^'0 I Bond you with this not* the first voluiae of a l«Bthor«>l>oand set of Uooro'e "International Law Digest", 0* ^' () Which B«t I truEt ou will ooneider an appropriate ^ift for presentation in your name to tha Frinea iiagant of Bthiopia by Mr. Addieon A, Southard, newly appointed Amerioan Hiniater Resident and Consul Gtnaral at Addis Ababa. In explanation of this proposed aotion I desire to say that it is a time«honored and traditional practice of the Ethiopian Court for each newly appointed repre- sentatiTe of a foreign gOTemaent to present shortly after his arrival an appropriate gift to the ruling monarch. It is my hope, therefore, that yon will approTe the present suggested gift, in which STent I should appre» ciate your inscribing the following on the fly-leaf of the The President, ^ ^ The White House •s- the aooonpanyixig voluraei To aiy (rr»et and Grood Prltnd U.I.H. Rae Tafarl Makonnan CalTin Coolidga Wash Ington , Fabraary 18 , 19£8 • I ehotild add that uidar tba praaent r4gimid is Bthicrpia, tha Sopraae Zauditu being the titiilar aorarai^Q but ruling through the Prince Ra(afent Rae Tafari Uakonnan, it 18 cuetomary to present gifts of this nature to both the EmprefS and the Prince I have, therefore. selected alec a gift for preeentatlon to the Srnpreas, to wit a ellTer bowl irtiioh I believe to be eminently appropriate to the oocaeion in that it was first ohoaan ae a gift from President Taft to the late liaparor Hanelik: II but was not presented due to the fact that before its arriral at Addis Ababa the ISnperor was stricken with his laet and fatal illnese. faithfully yours, fKA^NliH K.KlAX)Oa X -? Snolosure: Tolune of Uaore's International Law Digest K &w/ac [ A tni' r jjaa.jft..aAfi^ FOR if- FROM TO Sin^^fr* ( S*uthar4. ) DATED Oct« 26. 1927 1— lUT o r 9 NAME ^ L. REGARDING: G^iftt t0 1i# prtt^nUd b/ Ulmlster Southard t ■■pr^tB euad PrlACt H^ctnt •f Ithitpia* »-1V i v; i t * ^r>*^^-, ,, '•■'iiA'>*'*^"'*^--'?* tm^ r^bru^ry 'Z'( . ^'^^^'^ lo» T)i« HoBoxabl* Addison j£. Southard « Appointed MiBl£t«r £«eid«iit and Consul Gensral of tha United States to Sthiopia, Addis Abal>a, Bthi^pia. Sir: Bsferring to yo«r dasia tah Xo« Sft6 of Ootober £6, 1927, from Singapore » reaosnanding the prasentation of gifts to tba Smprass and to the Prinoa Bsgant of Ithiopia, on tha ooaasion of tha eetahll^aant of joxa iiission in that ooantry, the Dapartment is pleased to inform yon that it is forwarding to yon today, throuph the United States Daspateh Agent, lev York City, the following glfta: Jfor the Stapreae, an engraved silTer havl, aoaonpaaiad by an amhossad atatanent deseriptlTa of its origin, and, far the Prinaa Hagant, a laathar^honnd aat of Moore's "lateme tlonal law Sigaat", tha fly- leaf of the first to lane being appropriately inscribed by the President. Tot) are dirseted to seal: andiancas of the Smprese and of tha Prinoa aegent for the purpose of preaenting these gifts in the naoM of the President of the United States* To your own diseration the Bapartnent leaTos the nature of the reoarks whioh you will raake on eueh oaoasions, and, in particular. ^ ^ ^ Judgoa: whathar -^s^xr J -2- '■ > wh«th«r th« •ml>08S«d 8tat«n)«nt idiloh aeootapaniea the 8llf«r bowl shall b« preaonted to th« Aaprass* In th« aTtnt thut you d«oi4« this lattar qutstion in th« afflrmatlTa, yon auiy, Bhonld yon doaia snoh aotion daelrable, cign tho statanant **By dlroetlon of tha Saoretary of Stata" and affix tharato an improBeion of tha offiolal laal of yonr miaeion* Yon will, of oonrsa, raport yonr action in tbia matter* I am. Sir, Your obedient eerrant. For tha Searetary of State: H3 OQ/USB ^ /■ , /'^-^ CP rab. 24,l&£8.pm ►/o^e ARTMENT OF STATE rwmmmmmmtmmmm^^' ' ~;.!r^ VISION OF PUBLICATIONS 1/11/28 adsworth: A set of Moore's International Law is being sent to directly from the stock room. S^ w^/*^ >«. DP : MJH ^.a t V^ ^ ^ •••atetloB <tob«r 26, I98T, Bttbjeot* Ifter oonoor in hie ) d.eIiT«r to presents. I iould be ohosen t Mike, the ref core. y j4 to your approral ir/ ftmdB: iwl desorlbeA soaqpanled wkx t tl» In need of thorou^ omat be engrayed ,*^'*. with a new ineorJ^lon. Oalt and Brother will do thla work for tSO. (£) 70 the Prinoe Begent, a aet of Moore '• Inter- « national Law Digeat appropriately bound. 1 looal binder, who haa done oonaiderable work for me in a moat aatiafaotory m manner, makea a apeolal prioe of |S00 for full leather b indif^ 00 "li ■ I H^W*«»i^-A, VA' <' RTMENT OF STATE Assistant Secretary .^ n i ^ t .^^itiiii*'^— I ^ <3. - >.. f J C ..0 c. ". <.. 7 '. f*^ . V. 5 • « ' *«*. C> -r/ f 7 i r^. c_> oc_- ^ ^' I IMMI Mr. >^ ^^: y.^ 7<>. '••mitfttlOB v/.-if ;--? :^V. # )taib«r £6, I9S7, ( Bulijaot* After oonoor in hi« > deliver to ! I presents. I lould be ohosen I [ MSlce, therefore, { to 70iir epproTftl 1 rj funds : ! Dvl desoribet ' «»^ Doapanied pWb the ; I .tV in need of thorough ■ast be engrsTed '■■m?' with a new insoription. Qalt and Brother will do this work for $S0« (S) TO the Prinoe Begent, a set of Moore's Inter- national Law digest appropriately bonad, l looal binder,* who has done considerable work for mm in a most satisfaotory 00 make biadii^ mmmmmm &, „ ^ai_. ^..aT. .r ■ .rj^.L--. M. if'iii i iiimitui i^^ ■* r *'i'''*"*''^''''! .'! !* l ! B '' -!L! '* J f -l '' ' ' V 'S .-IJ.aE. ' Wif " '''■ aiL '» " T I * r-". ' Jlgr Department of State DIVISION OF JfEAR EASTERN A^ j/^ y<>. J^J-^-^ O^^A^ /y^-*-^ AJ^*~ % M or J^ A I '^^j' Q^^'f,,^ Of f f» tinrmir ST 'esantatlOB f ^tob«r S6, 1987, eabjeot, After oonour in his ) deliver to presents. I konld be chosen [ Bike, therefore, to your approTsl tj funds: owl described aonqpanied wktL the in need of thorough nast be engrftTed wit&^a new insoription. Gait and Brottier will do this work for |20. (2) To the Prinoe Begent, a set of Moore's Inter- national Low Digest appropriatelj bound. A looal binder, who has done oonsiderable work for me in a most satisfaotory 00 make bindii^ ■1^1 - :i^4. 1 ---__^il!^' lH:->£». m .4r^*,l&' -AliiJ*^ .< \ %■ ' DEPARTMENT OF STATE Division of Near Eastern Affairs r qV ■h <''■' ua(OBiia>i 3UBJB0I: -la. or • ' r fa 10 Pre Bid ant to the anprass and t^^Tl^Ifid« Regont of Bthiopia, to bo proeented by Ur. southard follcwlng the prosentatlon of his latter of oredenoe. * *J r .. • i \ * . i" Mr . Carr : ¥ I attaoh a despatch, Uo. 356 of Ootohar £6, I9&7 , from Mr* Southard bearing on the above subject. After oarefal ooneideration of the natter. I oonour in his reoonsnendation that he be authorized to deliver to Ras Tafari and to the Bmprees suitable presents. I believe, however, that such presents should be chosen here am sent by us to Vix . Southard. I make, therefore, the following recomnendations, aiabjeot to your approval and to the availability of the necessary funds; (1} To the Smpress, the silver bowl described in the attached embossed statement, accompanied vi^^th the statement itself. The bowl is greatly in need of thorough J I polishing and inside regilding, and it must be engraved with a new insoription. Qalt and Brother will do this work: for |S0. (2) To the Prince Regent, a set of Moore's Inter-> national Law Digest appropriately bound. A local binder, who has dona considerable work for me in a most satisfactory manner, makes a special price of |£00 for full leather bindii^ ) 00 CO 00 * \ I > DEPARTMENT OF STATE Division of near Eastern Affairs -2-- binding for the seven volnmes and index, or |160 for three-quarters leather binding. I asBume a set of the Digest may be fiirnished from the Department's supply » and I reoocmend fnll leather binding. BB GW/LVD t A P^^.T'i", ^-^ J wr^rm -r-^^^f^ rv /v^HHiiir^W^Vri. kfl_t«^A W) «W^«^.^^ T"^ ^^ OOPY \ 'l»,i^os&^\ SW-k.««4- ' ^Urr^«< W v*^ wC^ V\AcK 0>rv "|5 I This bowl, ohosen In 1911 as a tol;eii of the high respeot and esteon In which the late lamented Bmperor Menelik II was held by the President William Howard Taft and the People of the United States of America^ was in that year despatch ed to Ethiopia for presentation to His Imperial Majesty but was not presented due to the inability of His Lnperial Majesty, then suffering from His last and fatal illnsss, to receive in audienoe the Amerioan representative at Addis Ibaba. It is deemed peculiarly fitting, therefore, that this bowl, so inscribed, be again despatohed to BthLopia and that the newly appointed Amerioan representatire seek audience of Her Imperial Majesty the Empress Zaudita, the distinguished daughter of Him for Whom this bowl was first intended, for the purpose of mailing presentation thereof to Her on behalf and in the name of the President Calvin Goolidge and the People of the United States. To that end it is reinscribed in the 01"^ of Washington, this L4th day of Deoenber , 1927 . Miay, therefore, this bowl, together with this record, be presented to Her Imperial Majesty the anpress Z&oditu by Mr. Addison B. Southard, Appointed in the quality of Minister Heaident and Consul General of the United States of America to Ethiopia. mc-^.^. * - ---■■■--- ,.-, , -..» A rj ^^ "•' i^' * ' - * ■ ^ » i« < i i rw>r * " « ■* «VJ. g g ' ,-vi. ) PREPARING OFFICF WILL INDICATE WHETHER Collect Charjje DepartrDent OH Charjjb to $ Telegram Sent ^tpuvtmtni ixt ^tat^ TO BE TRANSMITTEO . \ i C O N F I D E N T I A L^ CP gi5;..i:iir /y^ ^^ NONCONFIDENTIAOCOUi J, I vV Washington, AIILE&ATIOB September 4, 1928« ADDIS ABABA (STHIOPIA) Pleas* inf ozB fth* Dtpartment l)y telegraph i^ether ttaia|gifta Referred to in the Department's and forwarded to you/ on the same day /for Ipresentatlon in the nme of the President to thel]&ipress\and to the Prinoe Regent* hare yet been reoeired. /I IJE ISM/GC 884 •001/4 .^ .^^ AcrrLNU SeP 4 KB ^ ^ Sep^ 4- ^ 4f-l928 PM •Dr;o-;- • -o- »■ < •!^»rN Enciphered h iy S(fn/ />(/ operator A/., .. ,/9 Index Bu.— No. 50. •nTi^wtrwrr m»rro»« om(-» \ — ]J^ \ * > *^^- -WV!^1 **>■' TELEGRAM RECEIVED KLP From Q-REO Addis Ababa Dated Septenber 7, 1928 »d. 7:37 a.m., 8th Secretary of State, Washington, 0. C. September 7, 3 p.m. /l. -T-l Referring to the Departmeiyc* s telegram of Septemtjer 4, 5 p.m^ Gifts arrived and were presented June 23rd* .r X > a SOUTHARD JHB 00 1 1 a. UlJ 1 . t a MV ;482A6 ■^r-vrrr^ i . iw>l!'^M!fW<>: •^«>»»..,.-.^, ,.„ i9^ i ■"^Visr, . TELEGRAM RECEIVED EG From GRAY ADDIS ABABA 1 / ^ ^ * ' ^ r Dated September 25, 1928 Reed. 7.45 a.m. Secretary of Stat^ J Washington SepteaibtiX 25, 2 p.m. Tentative arrant^ement exists for the coronation of Prince Regent as King of Ethiopia on September 30th. ^ ^ 5^; Er:.presB to continue nominal head of state. I will tele;i,raph conf ixLiation of it SOUTHARD WSB > a v\ li • mm /4S2M 4^-. •* ■ WHW i .1 Ji ' ' « i' M" ! -f. -■'*r.-'isr' ^ TELEGRAM RECEIVED VMRr V From ('• I )'L ***. i?*.'**^ Secietary of State Washing; ton GRAY ADDIS AB Dated Seatem Reed. 8.45 a.m. 28th September 27, 2 p.m A. V ■i-: Referring to my telegram of SepVeober 25, 2 p.m. Ver ^ ^ ^ I have been officially informed that the coronation "^ will take olac* October 7th. Title conferred will be "King, Regent Plenipotentiary and Heir to the Throne of ■ fi ill i " > c3 EthioDia." SOUTHARD f, r' / "..r"^;' /-" »^.. » • f*M SEi^ LL INDICATE VVJHlgt*3ati^^-5=i*-'/,^ , Collect Telegram Sent wi Charge Ot^partrn/nt i** '^ '- Charge $ tje to r \"'\ <>-^\, artmrnt of ^tate TO BE TRANSMITTED CONFIDeNTIAL CODE NONCONMUENTIAL CODE PLAIN Washinglon, September 29, 19£8 1/ /•v ADDIS ABABA Your Septenber 27, 2 p.m. Plaaee keep the Derartiaer.t informed promptly by talepraph^of nny^ action contemplated^ by your colleagues and whetl.er it is exrected that the new Kinr will be /' / / / / felicitated by foreign Ghiefe of State. /, ^ M 864.001/7 ',va//:.:K? )^VV PR ^ / ^/ CF r-' o 9,1928. / /r *^ \5 Jk From ^ \ ■" ■*' <'> 1 ' 'C GRAY ADDIS ABABA 'c^ *. -^^ ^ a*-" * V. "J Dated October 1, 1928 1.15 p.m. Secretary of State Washington h Referring to Department's telegrfiia of September 2i5, October 1, 4 p.m. p.in, Ky colleagues are telegraphing to their govern- ments xecoMnending that the respective chiefs of state wire"^ felicitations to His Kajesty King Tafari. I concur in the recoi.-mendation . SOUTHARD WSB i CO CM 00 o o *>^ jL ^ o i^ in :< ^ c^ ';^ \ ^ C L • HV i4S2&e X *'i'J PREPARING OFHCE WILL iNUlCAIh WHFTHFH Collect Charije D< OH Charjjo to ^'^ ^y / Telegram Sent u ©rpartm^nt xxl ^tafr TO BF TRANSMiriED CONFIDtNIIAL CODE NONCONnoFNTIAL CODE< PLAIN Oc toLe Washington, r 7,lLl'b. n Til er^i t i on /: Addle Ab^Vi^ ^ ( Wj^j^t: ihiu ) . / l^ Your October 1, 4 T,.m. If other, Chiefs of ^;t-ad teierruih f e lie i I ■, I ions to I Kin.^^^ Tafari yov; L.}:ould convey to His .Majesty at an, / aiDpropriut e ti-ie after trie , corona t ion the followiiip 'nessap-a fron the President: k^uote I have /^earned v;i ■ h rieasure of the coronation ; Yovr Ma;*es ty. / oT / . . In Tiy, ov;n na-ie^ and^ the n-xnie of the /.T^er i c .n V - -t/ people I desire to^ feiicitaie . oi.r , Liu/ldS ty mo . t w^r-.-ily end Iff <-' to '.'/iLh you ur.d t:'e Leorle of iith ioi ia^harD iners and prosrierity (i::iri:ed) Cqlvir. Coolid.-"e. Unqi;ote. I h ,^ ? 7? ^^S ioo I i ■ • ^ ■ ■ ^-7--* — ^ Enciphered hy JZ^^l Sc!]i hy operator M., _ Index Bu.— No. 50. , /9-. ■'J •cwmMwrnsr^ r^tf^rv* atmct \ — ] Jl^ (?0 r. ^T' ■* <;*f*"a(J/- ■'.Tir'. =.7 •ffWj^^ppWH ';i'»*K>-7V3»^.'.'" .-—'-"■ N ^ /"r-^. '.• O'- -''"t.''!/ »:.. « ■= V f. i *: - V.-> '• ' LEGATION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Addis jLbabt» Ethiopia. \ September 7, 1928. c / .' / c^- )■ i fdt^iii^\tm j^ ifRDISTRi ' -) »' J. I L CD Vo« 62 XT )ticl» Honomble, The Saoretary of State, Washing ton* \v? - / Sir I haTO tha honor to report the looally persistant ruaor that Her li&jasty Zeoditu, E&press of Ethiopia, is near to ab- dication of the throne in faror of His Imperial Highness, Tafari Makonnen, Prinoe Regent and Heir to the Throne of the Baplre of Ethiopia. The Prinoe Regent is a auoi of progressire tendencies and is constantly endearoring to further the economic and social dsTelopment of Ethiopia along modem lines* Her Majesty the Empress holds more or less contrary ideas. Or, better said. Her Majesty's counsellors and adTisers hold contrary ideasr^^ (Lt3. The i j ^-r Csi'sssm^^ ■mi^lrr' -,ir^*in.*pa« iii n 'i r a^^ii M m ii 1IM U I ■^y'^-'-^'^J . i - 2 - The Snpress llTes muoh in seolusion and spends most of hsr thought and languid snsrgy in religious derotion* She takes praotioally no aetiye part in affairs of state excepting to the extent that her courtiers and satellites are frequently ijt permitted to operate with her implied or tacit approTal in opposing the Prince Regent. As the strength of the Prince Regent grows he naturally resents this interference which he feels does not represent the actual Tiews of the Sapress who has somewhat affectionate regard for him and who is more or less indifferent to the mat- ters of GOTemment. But the general situation grows more tense with each passing year* As nearly as one can prophesy in an inYolTcd political situation among an Afro-Oriental people suoh as the Ethiopians the present anomaly is fairly certain to change at an early date to the end of centraliz- ing all power in the hands of one ruler* The ineffectiyeness of the present system of dual control of the executiTe power of the GoTemment, with not infrequent issuance of conflict- ing orders, is realized by rapidly increasing numbers of the leading Ethiopians. The Empress probably doesn't realize it and probably does not care* It is unlikely that she would herself make serious objection to relinquishing the throns* She would doubtless welocme the resulting liberty to retire completely to the life of religious deyotion of more interest to her than anything else on this earth* On the other hand her party leaders would seriously object* With her retirement would oome curtailment or abolition of the positions of power, prestige and profit which they now enjoy in her name* Their ',.'i 9 I i \ r I I i positions 'J i - 3 - son of the D^djazmatoh Blru, one of the ohlefs of the Imper- ial Guards and a great fayorlte of the Smpress* Biru*s ela- tion oyer the birth of a grandohild found expression in a fusillade of rifle shots into the night air* This oaused con- siderable alarm to many whose nerres were already jumpy OTer the more or less tense political situation whioh has existed between riral factions in the Palace. At any rate the irrita- V tion was sufficient to cause the Prince Regent to order that Biru be arrested and fined a thousand dollars. The latter declined to pay and took refuge behind the authority of the Empress from whom he alleged he had permission thus to cele- brate the happy addition to his clan* The Prince Regent went to the Empress and is alleged to have taken her somewhat to task in discussing this and other more important matters. The Dedjazmatoh Abba Wooka, commander in chief of the Palace of the fiipress, objected to this at- titude of the Prince Regent as disrespectful and told him so* The bickering reached the point where the Prince Regent is said f positions in these respects, and particularly as concerns profit, haye suffered some curtailment already as the strength of the Prince Regent and his partisans grows* Some of them doubtless see what might be called the hand writing on the wall* They sense themselyes being pushed into a cor- ner, figuratively speaking* Their probable desperation to do something about it is beginning to come into eyidenoe* Such has provided the following reason for this despatch* A few days ago the wife of the Fituarari Tassi gaye birth in the Palace of the Empress to a child* Tassi is the I i .4 '•'^ .".. < J I I IHW l» _l «* _ J— _ .^..^'. - 4 - ( said to hare ordered also the arrest of Abba Wooka. The latter in turn barricaded himself with about flTe thousand soldiers in the great Ifsnelek Menorlal building which is situated within the confines of the somewhat extenslTo grounds of the ]B^)ress* Palace* Tbe Regent then ordered out sereral thousands of his own Palaoe Guards who are pick- ed troops with modem aims and quite the best equipped fight- ing body in all Ethiopia. They surrounded the Palaoe of the Empress • This took plaoe on the night of September 5th» 1928. The immediate surrender of the Dedjasaatoh was demanded* The oooasion was seized by sereral of the influential military leaders of the Prince Regent's party to meet and consider de- manding abdication of the Empress* In the meanwhile the city was placed under martial law* All telephones and telegraphs were cut off* By order of the Prince Regent a strong police guard was placed at each of the foreign Legations to protect them in the erent of trouble* The streets of the city were deserted excepting for police and military* A single shot from either^ the besieged or be- siegers at the Palaoe would haTe precipitated mich fighting and perhaps country wide rerolution* Fortunately, through influence of the Itehigue, head of the powerful state church and heretofore ezolusirely of the party of the Empress, the recalcitrant Dedjazaaatoh was in- duced to surrender at about noon* He has been imprisoned and Sapres Other arrests hare been made* The - 6 - f ( t A / The Prlnoe Btgtnt has thus had a graat trlinq[>h so far as oan ba saen today* Hs Is an axoaptional nan and few in- fomed persons hesitate to predict that he will in time ranJc among the great oharaeters in history in the oloTemess and strength which he has displayed in the olimb to almost supreme power in Ethiopia* There were many who doubted his ability to arrange this latest diffioulty without bloodshed, but ho appears to hare come out of it with greater strength than erer* It is stated that the Itohigue, after inducing the Dedja&natch Abba Wooka to surrender, announced dramatical- ly, in the Menelek Mmorial and before the tcmb of the famous hero-Smperor, his hitherto unToioed allegiance to the Prince Regent* Local rumor, which cannot at this time be confiimed, is to the effect that the abdication of the fiapress in fsTor of the Prince Regent has now been agreed upon and will be an- nounced in a few months* At any rate importcoit developments are expected soon* The incident which led to this latest <^ri^is was not in itself important excepting that it proTided what seemed to the Empress* party an excellent opportunity to put their waning strength to test, and perhaps procure adjustment of other and far more important grievances • They are feeling particularly irritated recently because (see Pages four and 7 '^S ^ H II Ap fiTe of Despatch No* oydf August 6th, 1028) of the manner in which the Prince Regent is alleged to hare forced the consent of the Emj^ess to the lately signed Italo-Ethiopian treaty* Hot only did they object to such treaty on principle V, but, - 6 - but, perhaps more grlorously from their ylewpolnt, they were excluded by the Prinoe Regent's party from the finanoial considerations which are alleged to have passed In connection therewith* The Italo-Ethloplan treaty was negotiated by the Prince Regent In the face of the originally fairly oambined opposi- tion of all the older Ethiopian chieftains , and there have been those who predicted that he had at last gone a bit too far. He now appears, however, to have again prevailed through the use of his unique and certainly effective strategy* The matter Is not yet ended but the Prinoe Regent has, since this Incident of September 6th, 1928, become a favorite, so to speak, in the betting. On the 27th of this month comes the great annual festival of the Uaskal when, In the past, revolutions and other similar disturbance planned have frequently had their start. Should the cur- rent llaskal pass with no upsetting of the Prince Regent's present firm hold on the situation it may reasonably be predicted that his remaining steps to the crown of Emperor, or of King of Kings as the Ethiopians like to say, are short and brief* More detailed discussion of the background Ethiopian political situation, and particularly of the principal characters therein, is given In Despatches Nos, 39 and 40 of June 19th and 26th, 1928, respectively, from this office* I have the honor to be. Sir, Your obedient servant, To the Department in Quintuplicate, / n. ^ Be ^ ) / TELEGRAM RECEIVED EG From GRAY ADDIS ABABA - i Dated October 11, 19^B Reed. 8.50 a.u. 12th Secretary of State^ Washington October 11, 11 a.ni. Referring to Department's telegrajn of Oct I have the following reply to transmit: "His Excellency Calvin Coolid^e, President cf the United States* | thank you for the telegram sent to me on' the occasion of my coronation expressing,' good wishes 'in . your naane and In the naune of American people. Please accept* my own good i|4id great wishes for the happiness and prosperity of Your ExQfJ.lency and of the American people. (Signed) Negus Tafari Hakkonnen" • SOUTHARD RR CO CNi / / ■■ft- * .fiM-,— • moTW MMuw an ninmm mrwm wm JiSSM l&.JU •. \ ( LEGATION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Addis Ateba, EtMopla, September £Oth, 1988 :/^ -- — e« NO, 68. * ■; u\%i.fK. tTuii-i. i i.j. B -i". A \i 111 1*^ -> The Honoi'ablA ^ Tlie Seoretary of Sta^e, Waabington. Sir: I have the honor to refer to my oonf idential Diploma tlo Deepatoh Ho. 62 of September 7th» 1928, on the subject of an issue between the parties of the Empress and Prince Regent, respectirely, in Addis Ababa. There has in the two weeks since been one pour- parler after another with, apparently, all advantage r to the Prince Regent. Reports are that after the surrender by the Empress to the Prince Regent of the person of the Dedjasmatoh Abba Woolca the former demanded in turn that the Prince Regent surrender to her ^ ^•lip**-^/*™ \ ^. > I I n T^- 5 ■ -' -"^BKW^.'^Srvt'--* '^ --■' v*,#s.flJt'iWf ■■-■»••* ( -2- her the brilliant and young EantilMi Nasiboo Zamanuel, Governor of the city of Addia Ababa, The reason for demanding tbe deposition of Nasiboo was that ho, as a henohman of the Regent, had used his 5,000 munioipal gendarmes to assist in surrounding the Imperial Palaoe on the oooasion of September 6th, 1928, reported in the despatch aboye indioated. There resulted then a deadlook for a day or so when the Empress is alleged to have had a change of heart and to have taken the initiatiye in seeking reoonoiliation with the Regent* The latter is alleged to haye announced his impatience with the present state of dual control of the government with the courteous but firm ultimatum that there must be change. Either he woiild be given full power to govern in the name of the Empress without her intriguing advisers being peimitted to bring about practical nullification of orders given, or he would retire in favor of some one to whom such power could be given. The Empress, who is believed at heart to have much affection and admiration of a maternal sort for the very charming and able Prince Regent, is now reported to have agreed to this. The Council of Ministers (see Despatch No. 39 of June 19th, 1928, on the organization and function- ing of the Ethiopian Qovemmant) has followed the lead of the Empress and is stated now to be insistently offering that the Prince Regent be crowned King of shoa, ano ther / / / / / c -3- anothar and perhaps final step before assuming the orown of Emperor of Ethiopia, The Prince Regent Is said to be showing reluotanoe, perhaps for reasons of strategy, to aooept. He Is reported to haye stated that a orown as full king Is not now necessary, that he has the progress and de^elopiaent of his country at heart and that full power to carry out his Ideas In such connection will be sufficient for the time being. There la persistent local irumor that the crowning of the Prince Regent as King of Shoe will take place on any day, I saw the Prince today at the f§te of the "Little IfiBLSkal** but could not, of course, ask him a direct question In the matter. In speaking briefly with him I did, however, sense what seemed an enhanced feeling of cogency and elation on his part. Perhaps the yielding of the Empress in the matter of full power was the cause; perhaps it was the more clearly defined vision of himself in the orown which he is alleged to have had fitted while in Europe a few years ago. Whatever may happen the local situation appears at last temporarily cleared up with tactical victory and a clearer road for the modernization of his country along economic and social lines by the exceptionally efficient and intelligent Prince Regent. Among other rumors is that the Empress has can- celled a document which she Is alleged secretly to have drawn up by the advloe of oounsellors opposed to the Prince Regent, in which she designated the now captive Li J Tasu as her successor to the Throne of the Empire. In J / /•■ / / -4- t In this oonneotion there may be found of interest refer- ence to my Despatoh No, 40 of June 26th, 19E8, on the subject of the Ethiopian royal family and its various branches • I have the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient servant. In Quintuplicate to the Department. >.^ , ■;> •M \ fir. \ I- ' .'k - ^/•V \9V:'> .-<<-l / \ ' ni 6,\' .-••■•*^ ' *. •■'^ : Di L» u : f' - X ! J > ,t .< 1 I-l L I- Ne^ 69* The Honorable The Secretary of State, Washington. Sir: " ^ I have the honor to inform the Department that the Prince Regent of Ethiopia no longer approTes the use of the title "Has" in connection with his name. y^. t' He is horediteupy Ras of his own province or state of Harrar. The title may be translated variously as chief, head, or even as king in a provincial sense. There are many other Rases in the Empire, most of them the heads or rulers of various subordinate states or provinces. It is assumed that the Prince Hegent wishes to distinguish himself from them by dropping the ^ ^ ^ T1 r^ i o 1 ^ J 4 1 —J 't >4 :') K- • Q ^ C (jj ^ ^ .J ■it' ' ■■' / y / ■ ■v ■■uy -Z" Ml ( tha title of Bas whioh Is no longer of real falue to him. At any rate I hafe learned Informally tljat tlie title which he prefers for the time being is **BXk Dq^rlal High- ness Tafarl Makonnen, Prlnoe Regent and Bslr Appaseat to the Throne of Ethiopia*** Should he he crowned King of Shoe, as suggested In ny Despatch No* 68 of September 20th, 19B6, the preferred title or designation oay again be changed. For the present it is as stated in the first sentence of this paragraph* I have the honor to be. Sir, Yonr obedient serrant, In Qulntupllcate to the Departnent. / / LEGATION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, September 25th, 1928 \ \ * o:> V \ b • 1. Or >-' >' > u - , •m^^-.t^ *%X DISTRIBUTION - X ."^ No^ 70. The Honorable >H;^^jn ixihv I tfv ,0N OF Y^^3 No • • ,^ -1 1 / 1 # The Seoreteiry of State, Washington. Sir: I have the honor to confirm my telegram of September 25th, 2:00 P.M., 1928, reporting that ^3\ ^ \i tentative arrangements exist for the crowning of His Imperial Highness, Tafari Makonnen, Prince Regent and Heir Apparent to the Throne of Ethiopia, as King of Ethiopia, on September 30th, 1928, r 0C\, v\ ^:^ , \ O O) c This reported arrangement cannot be officially confirmed on this date. Discussions are not yet ended. In my Despatch No* 68 of September 20th, 1928, I reported the rumor that the Prince Regent i: would be offered the crown as King of Shoa. The latest . ^ 4 V ( -2- latett reports from the Palaoe say that lils title will be King of Ethiopia. Apparently the Ethiopians see Enpre of Ethiopia. As reported In various despatches from this offloe the present development grows out of the movement to abolish the dual control of government which has here- tofore existed. While the Prince Regent has been the active head of the government the Empress has, of course, been the nominal head and power. Her counsellors and advisers have taken advantage of this to Intrigue In such manner as practically to nullify many Important acts of the Prince Regent. As already reported he has demanded either full power, free from Interference, or the selection of some one in his place to permit him to retire. Even the opposition party recognizes the Prince Regent as the strong man of the country and as practically the only member of the royal family even reasonably well qualified to guide the government in these difficult days of transition from the old to the new. The Empress has always recognized this, but now that Tafarl*s seriousness is definitely evident even her counsellors have refrained from denying his demands. According to information available to this office the adherence of practically all the Important provincial rulers has been obtained to the new arrangement. There are reported to be one or two recalcitrant ones. It is believed, however, that the strength of the Prince Regent combined with the influence of the Empress as daughter J ( -3- daughter of the great Meneiek, will in the end develop at least outward unanimity* The Sinprees will retain her title and a nominal position as head of the state. The present Prinoa Regent will exeroise full power in her name and without interference from her or her party. The movement to crown him a king has presumably grown out of the decision to make him indiyidually the actual if not the nominal head of the state. Among the remarkable features of this development is that it has come about without bloodshed and as a result of more or less peaceful discussion and negotia- tion. Many familiar with Ethiopian history and Ethiopian temperament thought that such change would be impossible by peaceful methods. The affair is not yet, of ootirse, (luite ended. But there appears slight prospect of any clashes at arms as would certainly have occurred even so recently as five years ago. The efforts of the Prince Regent to reform Ethiopian procedures under such circumstances appear already to be beairing satisfactory fruit. He is an advocate of peace in all relations. This development promises to be a momentous one in the history of Ethiopia as it will pres\imably give His Imperial Highness Tafari Makonnen practically a free hand in the further political, economic and general social modernization of his country in which he takes such a keen interest. Great and rapid progress w -4- progress along suoh lines would now appear to be in- evitable. At least the next few months should indicate more or less definitely the results to be expected, I have the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, t In Quintuplioate to the Department. N \ > ^ O 1 REQU , • r//' LEGATION OF THE STATES OF AMERICA -A L ♦ '^ — OCT 25 28 Alaaba, Ethiopia, Septem'ber ZlV^t 1928 .,,1 /uF.VM^S •R D'^1^' fi No. 72 y.-a l U . >J ' T ■-< I. The Honorable Sir: The Secretary of state, Washington. 7 I have the honor to refer to my Despatch Now 70 of September 25th, 1928, and to confirm my telegram of 2:00 p.l:. today stating that I had been officially Tafari MoJconnen as King would take place on October 7th, 1928. There is enclosed herewith copy of a note frqp. the Ethiopian Foreign Office in irtiioh is given official notice of the coronation. The first suggestion, as discussed in previous despatches from this office, was to crown Tafari Wi X ^ r- \% if ^ informed tliat tlie coronation of His Imperial Higtmess g ^ %.• » «- Llakonnen -2- Makonnen as King of Shoa. A later suggestion was tMt he be orowned King of Ethiopia. This appeared to have been agreed upon but at the last moment the opposition of certain of the proYinoial rulers caused a change. It now seems agreed, according to the official note of which copy is enclosed and according to information from other sources, that the kingly title will be conferred without geographical qualification or defini- tion. The purpose appears to be to raise the present Prince Regent more distinctly above other princes of the royal family of Sehala Selassie (despatch No. 40 of June 26th, 1928, portrays the family tree) , and to give him a title more in keeping with the complete governmental power now about to be surrendered to him by the Empress of Ethiopia. This will presumably be accomplished by crowning him a king and by qualifying his title of Regent with the word Plenipotentiary, Ke will, therefore, according to present plans, become on October 7th, 1928, "His Majesty Tafari Makonnen, King, Regent Plenipotentiary and Seir to the Throne of Ethiopia." This represents our present interpreta- tion of the Amhario. The Empress Zeoditu retains her title and place as nominal head of the state but the new King and Regent Plenipotentiary will wield full power without interference. Eventual abdication of the Empress Is rumored. -3- rumored . As dlsoussed in various previous despatches the change is likely to result importantly in expediting the social, economic, and political modernization of this naturally very rich African state. Further discussion will be sutanltted as developments occur. I have the honor to be. Sir, Your obedient servant, 1 Enclosure. Enclosure • Translation. EMPIRE OF ETHIOPIA • Ministry of Foreign Affairs c To His Exoellenoy Mr* Southard, Minister of the United states of America • PEACE BE UOTO YOU. Her Miajesty Zeodltu, Empress of Ethiopia, has been pleased to grant to His Royal Highness Tafarl Makonnen the title of King, In addition to the titles of Heir Apparent to the Throne and of Plenipotentiary Regent, which he is holding, and is pleased so to oromi Therefore as he will be crowned King on the twenty-seventh day of Maslcaram, 1921, I have the honor to invite you, in the name of my Government, to be kind enough to honor the Coronation by your presence, together with Vice Consul Mr. J. Loder Park, at 10:00 o'clock in the morning. THE DIRECTOR GENERAL OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS (Signed) Belaten Gheta Herouy W.S. (SEAL) . MINISTRY OF FQRBIGIT AFFAIRS. Maskaram 16th, 1921. (September 26th, 1928.) ». .i^-^ ^ T*-. ,-« ^ ■■■■* V ..' # DOCUMENT FILE NOTE 765 .SAll/ia pQp #1996 FROM TO Italy ( fl^^^i^har J DATEdPP.^ -l-?-t -l?af 1—1127 OPO NAME ^i REGARDING: l«wt Of the coronation of Has !Bifarl as JLing of Sthlopia taaa bsen heralded In Italy as a taappj atigrcizy for Italo«- iibyssinian reletloM. . i I m ■ ««siB«a*«aB?4Hg»' im:^^ V MM, ilMMr it* wm. ^^9MI^ 9i^^K^w% f 1* =1 ^ f t i .■if- • ■ > -M- M.i.,jt^^^fif^l \ / / / / / lfk0 ikfmm «ai Itair is •t«dit«4 vi^li li«rlait htm mm mmI «b*t xtAir liM wAtiMHMA tax «i(MM iiMt% mm nr»ff«ri «mIA aot p«fHt% s%lii«ti« %m wuMtm i» «ti« hm m%mm of •ivilUMp ^^1 *^^a ^^Bk VHM^ ***lPWiWWlB^^^fc a^^P^HpMii^r UBiBBia ^Mp foirt to full IMT «i% «r li« alM* tkiB la «ir Mwaaailint «v«&aiMll mm$pm9%$mm mm vtaali«aaar altaiaatB tlHit vai^ 4aa» llMat ^Idtrtrtalaaa alMaa aatJILaak «aa aaia aatosa aad iHha #t4 aat faar flia affaat of acoitaat vttt. JiMPapa* la Itiia aoaaaattaa n a Wr aa Ctgitiaiq^y Ibmnr t ?ai a fa aa a a tsirr «f -'^tata f\tr CaIoal«at ^lUmi la Ifea 0(fr.^iirt&: j^wlul S;j)A» ala%»« IN at *^aaalial liaa i«aliaa4 ail aIaiM( tliat taa wtil i]i%nM»»t« of i^«ilaiiU lia in tlie a«»&«niiaUNl af HMkt aoiiat«7 afifl 1b Mt«l&laai»« apxaai faXstiaaa >aaaaan ft% aa4 90tr«r«* Una frsatf of ^agait aaA vm» aaa«aaaa mrt^mmm mt Wia xtaXtaa yaliajr aa4L mm Tfrnrntf^ tMarafaiat la Hm a^laloa of nt0um »i ^ ir •UyytOB* # J L- ^ .^^ ^ G. - l^'^ 1 I \ # fV \ PECD V. -r .. .^ ; ... . > 4 LEGATION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, October 8th, T .-s.» r. 1 ''■ DSPAlvIAJ NEA^ b '\0 • L.' 1^-2 r' I ^ fi 1928 / ^;P^ '; • * r .w, -^ X ^ • / r r^r I J (\ / ' A y f f , C No^ 75. The Honorable The Secretary of State, Washington, Sir: INDHZBUKBAXT DBPT. OF 8TATH FDl^T JOATIOW8 SECTION \h\ ^^/ ^&a^ yJ ' ' 1 a I have the honor to refer to my series of recent despatches and telegrams on the subject of the corona- tion of Kis Imperial Highness, Taffeiri Llakonnen, Prinoe Regent and Heir to the Throne of Ethiopia, and to state that the ceremony occurred yesterday, October 7th, 1928; as scheduled, and that the royal person in question is now officially known as His Majesty, Tafari Makonnen, King, Regent Plenipotentiary and Heir to the Throne of Ethiopia* The elaborate religious ceremonial, which accom- panies most Ethiopian events of this sort, began in the CO CN CD ■•;■* I very • •» -2- very early hours of the morning. At six o» clock the actual crowning took place in the Imperial Palace. Here gathered, by invitation, leading Ethiopian notables, the heads of the various Legations, and the Governors of certain British, French and Italian colonies adjacent to Ethiopia. The crown, having previously been blessed by the Itchigue (head of the state church) and certain other venerable members of the all-powerful clergy, was carried to the Empress, Before her knelt Tafari and upon his head she placed the crown. While only the indicated small and select party witnessed the actual crowning the neighborhood of the Imperial Palace, and all streets and paths leading there- to, were crowded with soldiery and others to a number estimated at little short of one hundred thousand. f Because of the great national Maskal fete of the previous week, for which each year come delegations from even remote corners of the Empire, the native assembly for the coronation was particularly representative. While the ruling race is Christian there are many subject Moslem and pagan peoples • These were represented among the officials and soldiery participating in the corona- tion ceremonies. Upon completion of the ceremony in the Imperial Palace the party, excepting the Empress, proceeded in formal and elaborate procession a distance of perhaps a quarter of a mile to the ancient church of Selassie* The Cathedral of St. George was originally considered but P\^ %K; -3- but the older Ethiopians objected that it should be used only for the coronation of an Emperor. In the Selassie church occurred a grand mass for King Tafari. To this were also invited Junior members and ladies of the Legation staffs, and a few dozen of the more praninent foreign residents of Addis Ababa. Following this impressive religious ceremony an automobile procession, headed by King Tafari in an elaborate coach drawn by six horses and surrounded by a picked body of cavalry, proceeded over the main avenue of the city to his own Palace which is separate from that of the Empress. This was accomplished by the noon hour and the ceremony was ended in so far as concerned foreign attendance and participation. During the week beginning today various fetes are to be held. This evening His Majesty gives a dinner for the Diplomatic Corps, Ethiopian notables, and visiting officials. Tomorrow he entertains at luncheon the same party seated on a raised platform with a great hall to seat one thousand additional invitees from amongst the foreign population of Addis Ababa. A more detailed summary of the ceremony and fetes in connection with the coronation will be found in the attached copy of official program printed in both Amhario and French. r 'he ooronation appeals to have been a great sucoess as now appears will also be this week of fetes in honor thereof. Further r *'^^«F -r^: t '#■ -4- S^irther comment in connection with the coronation and probable effects of the newly augmented power of King Tafari will be given in my next despatch, No. 76 of October 9th, 1928. I have the honor to be, sir, Your obedient servant, ^ Enclosure . j 4 •y ^ "t ; 1 «.V '^^ « K-: ■SI* •*V, ,* "■"' V " %i ' *.«: ■*? ^*^^ i "^■^ i' ■*• ., ' '^ I I^^J?^.''-^ ■^T^l <^,., '4 I #•• MMI iH A. A^ *r; ' ■V -1 ? ^ :^. *■■ *' * - ^4 -. . •-.*,* rf i- fi' m , ,* ■4: Sr > ;• ■'"?' V TfflS D(KJUBfE^^^ MUST BE RET TO THE INDEX BIIRFati fx. r-^ r- r, •St. LEGATION OF THE *. » J '_ n ■ r UNITED STATES OF AMERICA / Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, October 9th, 1926. * • \ I- J c r J r 3 J ^ ,^ / \. / ., . '< ,^' No. ^6^ //IT'^ 1 ' i ^ t\ -7 ^ / •♦ ' - ^ -.^ r» ^ i •* 1 ikMlMta«i iTRin:iTn'-i -. #> n I < I.-' The Honorable The secretary of State, Washington. Sir: I iiave the honor, in continuation of my Despfito^ ' / / 3 CD Ko. 75 of October 8th, 1928, to submit the followftig^- comrii ent on certain features related to the coronation #: I Of His Majesty, Tafari Llakonnen, King, Regent Pleni- potentiary and Heir to the Throne of Ethiopia. u ttK.\m^m. : As indicated in the series of despatches leading up to the coronation the actual conferring of the crown v/as definitely decided upon scarcely two weeks prior to the event. 13 reparations had, therefore, to be made somewhat hastily. Triumphal arches, street decorations, and ,L,^'M'.<»-3 ■j|i gl,l| i - ' -M- i H -> «<»«J - -£- and the like, were tarely finlslied in time. By special effort the foreign Goyernioents oonoerned procured the arrival in time for the coronation of the neighboring aovernors of Eritrea, French Somaliland, and British Somaliland, respeotlTely. There were no other special delegates to the coronation although it is probable that many European Governments, and Egypt, would have sent special representatives had there been tima. Such is the international rivalry for Ethiopian favor. There developed argument and considerable jealousy asiithe precedence among the Colonial Governors present. .* The Governor of French Somaliland is the senior, in local service, of the three present. However, H. E. Corrado Zoli, Governor General of Eritrea, claimed precedence on accoxint of having previously been Under secretary of State for Colonies in Rome. He gained his point much to the chagrin of the French who are particularly annoyed with the Italians over the recently negotiated Italo- Ethiopian treaty previously reported upon at length from this office. The French Governor got second place and the British Governor third place. This was balm of sorts to French pride, as, next to that of the Italians, they probably resent most the British activity in Ethiopian affairs. This situation added interest to the occasion for the more or less neutral observer such as myself. There has during the past few weeks been a remarkable rise of Italian prestige and influence in Addis Ababa owing I i • I rc'mjilm--U».>-_^ .: •-^VJw5.-4fe*v*s.ii,:3»~*iiaSi'«(tj ■ ' ■ ■«»«l«*» -* A -3- owing to the accomplished liaison with the interests of King Tafari, There has been no change tn the anti- Italian attitude of the Empress and the party of Menelek. The issue over the ^^ in my Despatch No, o-Ethiopian treaty, as reported l^'AuSTst 6th, 1928, doubtless » ( n / brought about the situation which resulted in the crowning of Tafari as King. The Empress doesn't care and probably doesn't think much about the matter as her life is mostly devoted to religion. But her followers do think about it and probably have attained to increased resentment and disrespect of Italians if such be possible. However, under the present turn of events they are impotent. Tafari is in the saddle and apparently firmly. Success in this country comes to the opportun- ist and the lately created King is supreme as an opportun- ist. It is difficult to imagine that his march to the throne of Emperor can be stopped. His own power and following is highly organized. It is perhaps at present * a minority in numbers, but the opposition is not organized and has no leaders who can approach Tafari in intelligence and ability. So far as I can learn the various foreign Governments represented here were the donors of coronation gifts to His Majesty, In view of what I understand to be the Department's attitude in such matters I have made no recommendations as to a present, A present to be appreciated by Ethiopian royalty must now be one of i? I •a t 4 4 considerable value • His 11 p-t \i«..iS«?»l -4- 1 His Majesty conferred deoorations of the Orders of Star of Etblopia, of Menelek, and of Solomon, according to circximstances, on the various heads of Legations emd r their staffs and upon the visiting Colonial Governors and their staffs. No decorations were offered to any member of the American Legation and Consulate General as I had on a previous occasion informally told the Minister of Foreign Affairs of our inability to accept. The German Minister and his assistants here are not permitted to wear decorations but they accepted those offered on this occasion of the coronation. In addition to the foreigners decorated there were, of course, various Ethiopians honored in this manner. It should perhaps be recorded in passing that, from the Oriental way of looking at matters which prevails here, our prestige has not been eniianced by the circumstances of the coronation of King Tafari. Among the reasons for a probable dimming of the lustre of our i i 1 prestige were our failure to give expensive presents or , decorations; our inability to accept from His Maiesty the decorations offered all others; our inability to wear a dazzling uniform of the sort ornamenting the persons of other representatives and which impress the (V Ethiopian public as nothing else does; our inability to attend the various functions and ceremonies in a handsome motorcar attended by the galloping cavalrymen in resplendent dress which are maintained for such purposes by the other Legations; our inability to offer elaborate social entertainment for which other official representa- tives i i -5- C (.cf rU . (.■ l)^^ tives here are given generous entertainment allowances; and the inferior grade of our Diplomatic rank as compared with that of the representatiyes of other Governments maintaining Legations in Addis Ababa, Probably most of these matters cannot be helped. Some are unimportant. They are mentioned mainly to assist the Department in estimating and appreciating, local viewpoint. I obtain from a reasonably authoritative source information which will perhaps cause the /diagram of government given with my Despatdli No. 39 of June 19th, 1928, to be changed in some respects. The Interior and Secret Councils therein suggested will, under the new arrangement, become a sort of Supreme Council with the Empress, the King, and Has Kassa as members. I hear that a document has been drawn up between these three to provide that the King will take no action until the Supreme Council shall have unanimously agreed. I Should this be true it may mean that King Tafari^s new title of Regent Plenipotentiary is not as real as it <'. I t / ,^^- ' - ' (j c i - sounds. But no more than conjecture can be made at present. There is also fairly reliable rumor that the Ethiopian chieftains who made possible the coronation of Tafari did so with the understanding that he would later form an actual and real cabinet headed by Ras Kassa as Prime Llinister. There is at present a cabinet in name, or on paper. But the Ministers are mere figxireheads and have had practically no power and practically -6- r ( ( Gf praotically no functions other than carrying out the detailed instructions of the Regent, This leads up to a growing impression I have that there are now a sufficient number of "young Ethiopieins" of foreign education or sympathies to prepare the ground for a constitutional form of government to take the place of the absolute monarchy now ruling. In effect I have been informed confidentially by some Ethiopians of influential position that their support has been given to Tafari on the implied understanding that he would not be unsympathetic to a more representative form of govern- ment. One of the elder Ethiopian leaders, who has spent some time in Europe, displayed in conversation with me even a distinct leaning towards a Republican form of Government. But nine out of ten of the present ruling Glass would regard this as heresy. At any rate there are beginning to show in Ethiopia signs of the times. This particular development will be closely followed. There will doubtless be a number of interesting effects of the coronation of Tafari. But for a few weeks there will likely be little of a definite nature to record, otiier than the brief impressions given in the preceding paragraphs. Political, and other, re- search is difficult in Ethiopia because of the absence of official documents and of a public press which in other countries discusses such matters. Also there is praotically no reliable information in other printed form. Most of the books written on Ethiopia are the result -V -7- result of "brief sojourns in the country by professional writers whose effort is to seek out the spectacular with which to entertain the public and sell their books. Historical, political and economic data are of little use for their purposes and are seldom checked for accuracy when obtainable. There has for these reasons been a vast amount of misinformation written on Ethiopia. Practically all the information which I collect is the result of long and painstaking oral research. There is no other procedure. The Ethiopians ara^ _ reticent in discussing such mtatters and practically no one is found who lias anythlDg approaching a complete idea and analysis of a givBn situation. Many persons must be consulted on each topic and the results tabulated, boiled down, and averaged^ Much time and patience, as well as a fine discrimination between fact and fancy^ are required. I have the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient se J S' I , '■..r'V^f: \ •«?>"' -■. -*i\' -.-•i- ^: ^'' i. : ■v<-i*. DOCUMENT FILE ;;-v ■ V ■ ■;. *\ v.. •■";■«; ,, ./O-,', " A. '■'■ ■' .i'^: "i 'f - ':t , i . :• ': v> -v.^:- NOTE X-'-. ^•■'f;.:,.l. ••" ».' .^■, '^r V .^, :"t.i ■ ■..•1 ■ . 1 ■^-' > A /: '►'"': ■iy,.:^- ■ ; vy . N '; . • " :'',:''''^'.-l "••■ k . "■ ■- ■■'..■■:/:/,.: ' , ^5 V. 4^ 1 '-•: '' .. FROM .. — 'i TO . • ■s "-.;■- -■' 'I ■■ ,■■ TfPtW Bwtfln/l FOR Italy , ffittMnn . »T 2. 1929 — • ^--•••—•••••i>»....*.....«..«^ li^i^l BJi# »■■■■■■,■■■■■ ■■■■■■■■■ ■ ■■■■■■«>■ ^S HAIOI : > ,*, REGARDING: \ 1!^ 1 ^ Oonftrriqf iipon Klqg fafari of th« Oollar of tha Axarau iatm ^ ttao DcdM Of Um Abnttxi* tli» Ugliost Italian doooratloa* P% *-'■> > \ . -x -r. \--' .;v' i*. s ■-^[.m^yy'^--^ o " f • ^■*' r ••^■M'- <^ 5 - '•Mk-***!**, .aiik^a*i,s ■A-.^ ,tih«i . < '^ M ■WMPPP* aiiiK«iias(iw*#«-»*p«*ffi-- . im^ •> r- T tt iMi. Si* itfi ,■5 I ^1 ( f U»i I ii !«• Itfll ti 4tt v^nMUift* ■iC T •1- 'I If %» ■ ,1 .-"■S ■,t. y'..: f-,v.,^>*»5:,«j^ift^.^^ t*'>5 '*vt%^ '' ". ^ . -. ■^''ttV'' t' • t • fUMi %• INI .t '-.••' T />•• -t- iMMiV fllildUMMM Wt lidNM Ml lh# tf 1% to llhHHHtoMMI Aa tMtfMMUHi% Iftuft #00% f ^^A ^ftHBttAfl^flB ftaHlAAflV Aft l^dfeA IHi^HMI HfeMM iMl ytoitoM to «iu to* StiHMni B*IML1A vlll to • ft •fttto to toU « 9*StoLIA toUtMP ^ %3m toia3«f » 7 / il^. r. '■mW^ !t!tf'-.;iwR.p»#" •■- ..w'"('w/' '' ■^9f^ .I' \ N DOCUMENT FILE NOTE '.r--Vv.. . , ,• •»,.. .M;>, T /. 884.0011/8 FOR #100 . -.i.i ■ *:; '• Abyssinia FROM TO S outhar d ( ) DATED Ncr-17,1928 NAMS 1— 11S7 OPO 0C o "*x, *■ ,1 REGARDING: charges made against King Tafari Makoxmen^ based on his alleged effort to have his mother-in-law and the Etaipress Zeoditu poisoned* Reference to press articles recovinting alleged experiences in Ethiopia of an Armen- ian known as Dr«Alexandre Garabediaii» possibly a student really named Derderian. Statwient of GarabMian*s aotiv ities* i \ * ' Wx ': ' i .w«p^«w«WiC'K««^'^»^»ffwrsv«*' ■ "Rf^? ■4- ^'irTv^T '^*V*- V ".* • T1W»'>^?*«^»fl»^f ^»'T>"!^^rV»TWW»Pr"^*''*~*^'^ T?*"" t*|^'^?^5' ' > •».' ?• : /■^y «-;.,■'; j ,,:„ J/ v.- ^i? .V?^ ■V A ■'■ C «,;i ■•' '-S' AMIS 4i«Wt ink^ X9a6* V .<|M' 1<: ,'i»5; 31 I ■^i .'J •19 '■'fk-t 1^P# JMRP' ■I ■» -.-i- ■# I ■■ '• ' ■' 'tv ''••• 4ft ,»* -Til i*X-«j»ii;l>'.*-».V ■ , .jUtJej^t?*^, r'^ >{ y^r> ■*^:;i.Tr;^^^':;*-;;.yv-^%T. .^,K^.^ '{^|v>'?>^'^'?'.:^'-,.:.v'vvKr c € 4'. '■S^ •jw" ,< i:'. -^eA: 'I ' 'a' «»£<* Of tiw pgfMf %!••■%• H 99 m s^tMHit dPOi fills ttfriM vitlit iMtl tiifw •QMtnUs tiM umlliit OMmbtiUn «i|r AytMflNUUlg t9 lriMI% 9W999SfB %• 1W IpUMKN^JLy )llHtntH MM %• AAAis AlMiHa MA Wfia Urn $9m9%im 9t MiiltiM la l«t5« 9mw ftVi a* Ian la Hfe&^U Mfalrlas «1^ wMi% phyalataaa Imps 1m i^aaatai a mmII yrlimta ^^aMakjpvaBiap^a •fc ^wip ^■apap a^^^^a j^^a^aaa^aw wmfw ^Pia^a^a a^^^w w ap^^^a w aaia aaor aaaalaa laapa* ftar aaat flaat %i attnlalaaa ot h$M aaaaaiX apaXaaaa* sa to AipiVtA%tMI At Ml miflHllii%Xt tltfUi M AlpAilA< ^^^P ^^^^^^^ ^ MP ^^^^^P^^^BP aH^^^^I^PiP ^PWP^^^^^fM ^W^^^W^^^j^^^P I^^V^Ir ^F^^^^ ^^^^ ^^P^^^^^sn^BP •^■P^^V^^P^^BNI^^PBViHV V Ha laa lafaaad aaalataaaa iMaaaaa 9t faarlaaa anatta •aaiaa% niit#li la aald $a MKia aa%tcaalaa4 1ft# X4Mia%laa aai taaati altiidaaaal af pat^aaUaa* aa apyaalad aaataMUMULir %9 aix a^ta Xiapi^lMMi 1a tatat laalailaa By laapl maaaA aaA altk Hm aaalataaaa ^ ttM VAU kMOA pMAimAtlBitUA Af «M lUllflMIAt 1» WW 4 I "'V J 1 * '> f <^. 1, auppa^a 1^ . >4y- *• c tiMI BlilmPa Bii% iMI ViUlMlA to SMM Aft ft SAV^nf ftttA ttMMMMflf nil^t %• «te AMFUMI ttlMiMI BM^l^a l«l nm ttttlMviUM ttf «M RMpiUl p^MittM Ida to liMiinr»«4i%#d villi iWttp t u •• ««U. «• lafonaid «• %h*t tlil* wmmA wis to li« hi* vif* if and vim •bt &»% a diTOTM fyoi teY pwrnwrnkt hiui%ft»d aov ia i^aclaAi aAXiib»4i«ii b#bttT«d ia otbMr and viAilariy u»a«iiaJl ways* riaalljry ia ^mt^mw ^t%k. tht ab«rf»*iaAi«att4 ladjr* 1 'Ttt b« 4apar%*d ia iucmit mt tlkt^ j—Jt fron A.diit AtMln with Many and raitaimttd tturaata VbmX ha «aa baaM for OaaaYa to taict up hia ^'oaaa** vitli th« laaeua of TTatiosae* TYldaatX^ ha waa ia aoat aay ablt to ii^raaa aartaia of tiia 57iiiaa aa«apa{»ars aa thay haTa givaa puhlioity to hia aiiagad srio^aaaaat ia^iaAiag ttao Duitaatia ahargaa mmn- tioaad iilraady ia this iiiyatah^ Thaoa artialaa haTO b*ati ra ^hlialMd ia AjMivio&u iiav8papan» apparaatly nith no atta^pt at iavtaticatloa of ttaair rajHitability or aoouraoy* Garabadian haa aa aaaaTiabla ra^tation aaoni; hia falXov Arifaaaiaaa in Kthiopla. Tha thraa aaahara of tiia '*iinMniaa Ottnittaa** of iOdia 'haha^ ittiiah ia ohoaan froi aaong tiiair Xaadara hy tha aora thaa a thoaaand Ar^aaaiana hara to rapraaaat ti^tm and thair opiaiaat hara all iofamad aa that Oarahadiaa vaa ao aaoaatria axkd litisiaaa that ha oould iptt aloa3 vith ao oaa^ that ha had aat a aiagla raal friaad aaoag lila ova pao^la and| fiaaliy» that aany baliarad hia oaa tally uabnlaAoad* Thay ymttjf t^taraii^hl / aondoanad •oaial and aaial armva aad axpraaaad raliaf that ha had fiaally da* ^«rtad tvgm sthiopU and ttea what thay aoaaid/tf#d ,X -1 ■J A . I #. w |&£;4^% /.■^»T'- " * • -. h • •o» p — fi t Im this WMUitvf • to M«pl«t« bU •tiiAlMt ^Mtt ttkt r««X D0«t«v AlMsmuiArm CMtfubtdlaa was kis fn«iA vIm dl#d wid «iioM p«p«M and »•«• Itt sWlt UHrow 9cmtxt^ to a4A1s AtalML to ••tftm.ioh Hit obariM aisAiaat i:lae Tktmri \mr% aroiiaod girwit ladiipMktlMi lotallyi tm «aone thooo who «r« not porti- MAo of til* Kiai« tlMHPt U ftpporontly &• roXlobio oYldtAoo th%t Qi»ili»iim» •r DordorUAp wm oii«r oX—o \ a^prooo* CortftiaXyt I tft tl pooplo arcuot if tht King hid any auah Tillainoiui itttontioB^ vUioh no ooo arodito* bo hao oonfidontial oodioal a»a olooo to hia vlio could l>o 8IU0U laoro offloiontly and truatvorthily uood* At looot 000 phyaioiaa vory oX:oo to tho ring io roputod no not oT»roo to earaittg aa oooAoioaal ap propria to roviard by thi« or rolatod aotiTity* kt aoy rata Oarabadiazi naa hardly in a position to bo approaabad ia a aattar of obvioualy aoufldantial and intinato olMTaatar otob (gnrntins ^^ oziatanoo of auoh f«ry ia^ pvatatt/t royal tliouglit* ■^ '- Y I ^ I ^ '.♦4 oaottfih to Kim ffitKPi %• jttitify tha lattar ia kriagiae } up, aTaa ia iaagiaatiMlt m daUoata aad ooafidaatlal a q.ttaati«i aa %im f^latatiig of hia laothar^in^lav or tha I ^5 rj .Vf !■;♦* -»•> ^%^«t» i>M*i{!iw<£^«Qii^'' H*^ • TIM poUoiilas «tMur«t« M« tiif >l ly iM««f%«A m S%IU«|ii« and •«tablUlio4 cvwit lafluMM« ov«r tlw l^ai* TO tho lotttor ho io oUocoA to baiio giYOo hlo doughtor of flftoon* t&o voata aVoto rotorrod to, as alstyoao vi^ tho understoBdlBc that idio voold b«oo«o i^iparooo wlms i^j Tooo woo ofovood* llj Tooo ooa dopoood lijr revolution aoA idilM aad lilo dau^tor upoa flooing to D41boatl vofo MLA oo pviomoro toj tho Fronoii* 'mo father dlo4 in BMropo* Only lately baa ttm teiightor rotumod to StfcliOyU to pvooo an ujiaueoooofaX olaia for groat ouwi of mmm «• ooootmt of hor fo^ior^a ra ^ 'I . y. ■^1 I ■I ^1 I •I >1f ■/ I v; V. I olXogod proportr ooiBOd hy tho covoraaoat at tkia tiao of tho r^nrolotioa vjxd dopoaxtloa of Li J Yasu in 1916 • Xt io eonoraiXy thooeht that tho ohax^s of i attOE^tod p^^iaoaias orlgloato roaily Kith aarabodlaa*o lad^'-loTo, *ibo lo ropuiod still to ohorlali a vam &ffootloa for tho oaart bat haadonao !J.j Taau aliooo ovorthroo a doaon yoara a§o poaolbly ooot hor tho tltlo of r^i^roao of Ethiopia* oa tho othor hand sho appoars to ofaorlah just ao oaxa a liatrod of lu^; ''^farl ^aiteanmii «mo aot «aly ooatrilmtod caroatly to tte aalolk- lac of Ll j Taoa and tho doportatioa of hsr f^thar teit / * • •1'«* •iMureM to slmffX* •ft nils MrMI •oil \fy ttm polMtt UJ TiiMi's Aiuit* TiMi ffwmaing wiiioh •usaM%o4 or ■o%lmt«d tho polioning tiMtf«M ••€»• otyflsiMi* Za MPMMqr 1% wgr b« MiiA tbtt a«niW4i«iif or oortorioat lo oonolAox^A ^ mm hoira oo o portoAlo- Alljr 40Eaon%o4 rogno oat ^ otiMVo oo noroXj o noiuxitio* Hio ooa opporoAtljr aoXloi«tto InillMitiono oro ori^MAtly ol4«i osd obattdt If tlia frvapUafo of Mo irory ootiito oad iBtoXliamt o i oo rta f af %ho gmtlmw oox otoo, •• inAlootoAt imm wi«M MM %i srlat in stldoploa polltioo* fM potaoalu rtwusio ot loootf iHPoosht at oiarfo oat pMStimtL la tariouo aovopopoMt lnoI«d-' i»« iio« ooMi AMHPlmi OHM 9 oro oroxa(.^^^ - , nio no* sao ABS/old* I -- ■■ • ••opy of ' 1 U I #'. •-«.' ■ / S A # c \ ■■■fK %- ;*.*i:-„ 3^ 1j DOCUMENT FILE 4 NOTE .871 jl003L-.?.95/*?. - FOR Itfter \ <., ■. FROM ...f.fM: TO 1—1117 • ro Desires to know the exact names and fffloitf] titles of the Kings of Albania and Ibyssini* for tise in enoy elopedla« 1 1 f t I "fi Tv y t' / T 'y y. .-r^-.:^^^ ■*^r- 'i^ .■ J'- DOCUMENT FILE NOTE 884.01/8 FOR #106 FROM TO Abyssinia / Southard \ dated I^®^. 11, 1928 NAME 1—11*7 • V* REGARDING ^ ¥ i intimated intention of Has Uailu Takla Haymanot^ hereditarr ruler of the ^thioolan nrovince of Godjam, to oust King Tafafi and take the throne of the fkopire if he can* Political situation not favorable to any military action by Hailu against Tafari, but the coronation of Tafari as King has aroused Hailu* s ambition. -•r.'« \ftl fc [ I I "■ ■-''»>'- viiaj>ujlk 1 f 0^^ i.^-*s-^-:V— ^-'- -•-•*-i- 1 -» % 3h> • V- t-. /J; ^";: ,A»-' ^1 '"4 I f •^^^^^^^WiW^^PiP •■mB^ ^PBI^^ft ^BW^'^I^P ^ «\ 4 . - \^ . i . w ■'M : «• Bft# 10S# ku sirs '4 TBfSlPi %9 vtfort tlMt I hacf iMoaUy Itet ifbB w^ammtUm of M Stag hM «r«MM iwth Mkittflft Mft AiOMtUIMtlMI m «M povt of DOS BOltt TtfCU Ml«r of tiM «»s%ors «^loipi«i •tofo ov pfOftMi of om€jtm» Uf 9l9liMiUo tioopo%^ no. 9t of Jmm 19«^| IrUHy ^0 loXotUA %o tht ««i%f«X «»t«p»» olaAlif oo«Joa. Tte lottor lo oat of tte six am%- V ^- or ov oto%io of !:tldo^o, tHi odteM ..A •fc'-...Lt.-.- --.VST »*.Ji- x^ I V •- i. ■.v ■4 feS c i\:^_i.A ."'^fti: ■': .j\- •M SMMk, QMiiurt lNMVi» Hiitw mA MU#« 1l» !*%• ■ul , , i'-... : ^ . ' ■ ;.■■■;-■ . . . "^ -. Jii, J . 1 L.^.^.)?^'ii;:!... V ■•^•^. lUdifiMi aai (^urliilMi^ ■^ ' i;^ IjI XtiliMilft WtdMll llMlKtMl' SlMk BMl BidUMl %M *j\ •'...-.. ■ V^.:-. Miw-T^:.: ;^*,. . 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Bt v«9Ut4 Pim% lit iwlfl if fids •■»i»tr m§ «lM %• «it^ ti^ftupi* tim MBtlvX •iiOh tea 90% ttftt k« MftUr i» tmjm$^ mxim^m mUU «f Oii|Hi U •«% •ff of stti^ipiA ^ «te BUM mxm %M %m kUim itete« vOm &•% Of oWat 40^000 ootiipo Tiflmm oo •wyiroA fo 10*000 fttr slMOt 95*000 twt OMii tt 30»000 fO# Ti«M» lAfOOO fMP WoUOt «1« 00^ f^ ^ 4^'ffl oaA Bunmr* oaA feoo Ui oAAi%lMi h%m kUlm AWte lAOoli tevo «M '*-''->»^*Miiate«a6i-i*^^-ivj>.ir :^^-^ .%: .. #■ c % I SCUM ni\rtai 1 ^f^ itiitftteii ^*>^^ Im cuui bdv diiisiLMtt^ly 4MI Clftiio iXk XtklM te>lWlt#hji ?MiiP9 hfetrd HMb sOMtl]^ Xat^I^ Umt tiia^ htiT& mk^flimtL Kia ifltli 3»d*m mr^m 1a siatuiii for #«rtftlA liSfvr Mii ^dSP 1#»^^ w'A iNkJMP «%4ilk % ^i'^Np .dontlotu Ttiyarv la ao to boll«iro tliat ho aouM bo tuoooaafuX bj' tho boo of aiXltnr ftHTOO* Birl ht beiAa otl:iar oarAo HiO ffcX f l ^ dottihtoy «t« narriod to Hj inaaii* tte hftlr 11 ■ *■.,'■ r' r. :^ • 'V H'j -'•». ^-%:w*' v.; . :.;■ - ■> -;-i^-; i,>-. v< :twj< '«^v >■»'■■ c UMUP ^^<^^^ i^t)bb£i» SliiiBMi itt ftll^naiMt to bft CL ficsi tar iion IQT liaUAi* iilMWM im ma sm oUuaM ms him mm r4«l&t tttne^twd ;»y %^ if«««UUc« ox* 11116 earn CB«i ;wig||fj|^^4j||« W^ M|A i rfta t ^UMMT iJBXlAlttk tl '^^ TTlMIll f i t^ 41^ €MMiL4 lEbUift CWUBMNI% 4% f •» ^ MmmXly jrith la gold miA otb«r aiianifaisp l^ IcaooXii^ tf tbi poUUoal alta&tlaa la iltll^ not c«dA fifly lBi9^»r%aAi eu*9«Sftia ci^l&fti Hue "IsiauFi ? ^?-?!..^. V ■V .', e»/i-- '^V! •..,.:.• j,':i^^f^'-7S^- r sidOMi flftllAd ftnp tar ttA iiwiii ji%— ii ^aaii^s iTiJUb ilUl4 tMi OBkMh, ftJJAllttttiiX ^yyikiZlMlltfld IsflUeS&tliHI , ^ '^ ■ « ' • \ . ,■-,-.- \ r|5 m ajuMUMloa Si«r«lA pv^^at^d^lB aXm ^ i^p* tiaiat Yi&lM ia tiw •¥«&% tteti BriUafci oitlUmtiift %aaid b# la &ad sA^/tmm% %0 IUji iborjriigiry mad %^ iMa l>«2uiTt iUiBitlft ]M niitili to dB otiior«l60* It la yea lkla« BBBABdi xalatloat tflti^ kl;2 »oiuld ^Td u £%i*l iiotaa* tlsl 'Taliii ta AatHaan lator^itU* a rialt ta his •a^tal aoald of ooajBO ^ aoaoa&aj^ la JwaMiai^ i41 I ^^ ■,•*•■'-»-►■• ' '^P^-Aj^Sw^Tv' ."^^-^ . XI »'iy«4k--H«*ffcWafe^4irj/L-«.A"i^'VT,.^^ <;3u,.>.aPjl»iift.' i^^^nm* dMt»-.wyrM-'?jA:-. riiTilill'liimi i&i mmUL iflttlblJMM IM AihMMmA tar -rv. vimttm . It tnmLl y^quiTs aos» vmiUm 9i imsmmi %mp YdX ttSfd TffSiil/i 90s( ii$r^\ur&L bssziiz^id dolXftrs* r iile £ 1*'*^ tlttis la thii paroHiiMWt mmw^^*^ pmsMtm U;i» Star l^ hmAa of ail Ltimtlfatii ia idiis Alxi'ba^ >i ^ i iiift# -.^ iTt :^^jar otM»di«it s^rvBtti^ AO'JX: f!U« MO. aoo AXS/ffld* r.*i -^ .».. \ J r-f- r' \ '.■•TT^/-- '••>,.''■, ■ « ' '^'% -X'- is.- 'a ? ■^ » c «.' y . t M * «_ V '^ "I • M ^., LEGATION OF THE OMlTED STATES OF AMERICA -Atf ■■ y -* K v^■ -. i,. Addis Abalto, Ithiopla • jBmmrj 14 th, 10£9. FES 15 23 V .'^: ■X ■ <; -1 \ , \ mtamm0mtmmimt^>tmit»m0mimnMtfmmmm tm^AMTumm ot vtJktK I mmmfmmmmttJ^^m^mmmi^tmmmd NO* 120 • TlM Honorable / Th« Secretary of state, Waaliingtoxi* Sir: 37/. ^/ -M/-^ I hare tli^ honor to rater to my Dlploaatio Despatohas Nda* 63/, 69 and 70 of Septamber 20th, 2l8t, and 25th, 1028, respeotlyely, on the snbjeot of the pending ooronation of the then Prince Regent Tafari Uakonnen as King, and to later despatches on the actual eyent* There has been considerable discussion among my colleagues as to the situation here which uniquely Includes both an Empress and a King. The former Is, of course, Empress of Ethiopia* The latter Is merely King ; <> \ li ■*i y -_^ ..^'' f3irr ■*•- fa 4'- .- *Wn • -2- Klng Tafleirl MaJcoimen* I bar* oooaslonally asksd th« Minister of Foreign Affairs *of what is Tftfari tbs King** Ha and other Ethiopians appear to re- gard suoh question or curiosity as nerely another eyidenoe of the frequent peculiarity of oooidental thought processes* .They reply that he is King and what more can be expected until the Supress abdicates or is otherwise eliminated. As has been suggested in my Yarious despatches since the opening of this office Tafari's pride had finally brought him to the place where he thoxight he could not with dignity continue to share the title of *'Ras" or *'prinoe** with yarious other prominent Ethiopians* He has long yearned for something more distinotiye* The title of "King" presumably im- pressed him as meeting the situation and as bringing him still a bit closer to the title of Oiperor or, as the Ethiopians prefer, King of Kings. The cir- cumstances of last September eyents, already reported from this Legation, enabled him to elicit the consent of the Empress and other influential support neces- sary to the coronation. The newly assumed title of King has apparently in itself giTsn him no immediately greater power. He is actually exercising greater and more arbitrary power, but on the basis of the addition of the word "Plenipotentiary* t '% -3- "Plenlpotentlary" to his foxmar title of Regent. He Is now Regent Plenipotentiary and apparently interprets tlie title as oonf erring the priTllege of acting independently in many natters in whioh he previously always obtained the oonourrenoe of Her Majesty, the Empress. He is olerer and taot- fol and is not assuming his new powers by leaps and bounds. He tries first one apparently aud- acious step in administration and waits for the effect. If satisfied with the effect he tries something a bit more important next time. Suoh is his present progress. He has not yet endeay- ored to put oTer anything really big but is approaching the place where he doubtless will take such step. In Tarious little matters not actually a part of goTernmental administration he is also trying out new ways. At the recent annual Christmas luncheon which the Smpress always giyes for the Diplomatic corps King Tafari did not rise when the Dean of the Corps rose, in the usual manner, to drink a toast to our hostess. This is the first time on the occasion of a state luncheon by the Empress, of which there are three or four a year, when Tafari did not rise for the usual toast, Suoh incidents are, of course, of great importance in ^ ^ i j*^- t *:' -4- In oountries like Ethiopia. Uuoh gossip among the leadizig officials and oourtiers always starts and if they deoide that the step has been talcen suooessfolly the prestige of the initiator thereof increases cor- respondingly. Apparently King Tafari has won again. Thre hlA Club. This, too, was doubtless planned as another little ballon d*essai . These incidents may impress the Department as more or less trifling but I may state with assurance that they are important here and represent a method frequently followed by one or both of two leaders playing for position. The Empress appears to teike these Tarious little incidents in a somewhat sorrowful way as representing the pran]£8 of an cmbitious young man for whom she eridently cherishes very much affection of a maternal sort. Her immediate followers show great indignation but apparently in such incidents she is not as prone as usual to be influeneed by them. Tafari is also thought by my colleague a and by many Ethiopians to be changing in his general personal demeanor. He has always been particularly friendly and accessible but is now deyeloping a hauteur which doesn^t please all* I can personally testify that he has changed considerably in this respect from the not *> ■ |9? f -5- not over ooxifident young man I first kiMw nearly a dozen years ago wben he bad Just corns Into pover and had not yet fully realised the extent to which ambition might carry him. He is as accessible to me as he has always been but I find him slightfully less inclined to frank discussion* The main supporters of Taflari among the Sth- iopian leaders are lately giTing him considerable worry in their demands for money. They realize that they must work quickly in this period of tran- sition to obtain all possible profit out of their aid to him in bringing about the coronation. They know that, cleyer and intelligent as he is, his position will soon becoms sufficiently consolidated that he may if he desires figuratiTsly snap his fingers at them. Expenditures in this connection haye, I beliere, deferred the initiation of certain road building programs which Tafari assured me many months ago would soon be under way and in which, of course, we are greatly interested as an outlet for « the sale of American automotiTe equipment* The two main difficulties of the King at pre- sent grow out of his lack of disinterestedly loyal, able, and unselfish helpers in gOTsrning the country, and paucity of national inccne in cash. I beliere he hopes to tide oyer the present lack of the appropriate f?) i* 4 i» '-:*. -* • .'^■■v f -6- n appropriate sort of assistanoe from amoxig his own paople by tha iaiportatlon of foraign adylsars. In this oonnaotlon rafaranoa %a/mBA9 to oiy Dlplomatlo Despatch No« 107 of Bdoamber lOth, 19S6, on tha subjaot of tha King's insistenoa upon inarioan adTisars* I personally know tha great majority of tha Ethiopians qualified hy family or related position to participate by custom in the gorem- ment and am of the opinion that among all there are not more than half a dozen sufficiently qual- ified and disinterestedly loyal helpers to Taf^rl*s program of modernization* His most loyal and patriotic assistant at present is probably Bala ten \ ^etouy. Mini in- other man generally accepted as Tery close and loyal to him is tha Kantiba Kassibou, Governor of the Addis Ababa area. young and ambitious and is understood to be susceptible to the influence of money* He spent much of his youth under Italian influence and is regarded by some as secretly in the pay of the local Italiflin Legation* There may be found pretty unanimous agreement as to Tafari*s poverty in loyal aind efficient help- ers available from what is generally considered the governing class of Ethiopians* Their main defic- r iency tr C^l ?;.-: ; ♦f* f r -7- i«no7 for th« purpose is lack of modern eduoation and Tlewpolnt. The King must, therefore, turn to the group of young aen who have during reoent years oome under the influence of modern education. Most of them are still immature. They are mainly from families not Included in the aristocracy of the country from which heretofore most aides and assist- ants to the rulers have come. Smploymsnt of these young men will at least temporarily lose for Tafari*8 administration the respect and sincerer support of the old aristocracy which clings to the Smpress and more or less forms her party. Incidentally, most of these young men haye received their education under French Roman Catholic mission school influence. That introduces another strong reason why they would not be respected by the aristocracy which is wedded to the state church and as a matter of course fluid custom opposed to Roman Catholicism and its Influence. What with strong class distinction flind religious pre- Judice these young men who constitute practically the only body available to King Tafarl for recruitment of official assistants of efficiency will for a few years encounter many difficulties. In connection with the religious side of the question reference to pages 3 and 4 of my Diplomatic Despatch No. Ill of December 15th, 19£8, may be found of Interest. AS 4. f -8- As indloatlYe of the genoral attitude of the royal family and aristooraoy of the oountzy in olaes dietinotion mention may be made of the present Minister of Foreign Affairs. He is not what the Ethiopians call well born but is an un- usually intelligent nan. He reoeired part of his education in the looal Swedish Protestant Mission. He is about fifty years old and has been perhaps twenty fire years in official ser- Tioe. When Tafari came into power in 1016 he was attracted by this man's unusual intelligence, personality, and capacity for loyalty, and attached him to his personal staff. As a result of demons- trated loyalty and efficiency he has risen to his present post. Yet Ras Kassa and other members of the Ethiopian royalty and aristocracy are said fre(iuently to refer to him as "Tafari *s peasant." They haye tried to obstruct his rise to power but Tafari has the courage of his oonvictions in this as well as in other matters* Ethiopia as a feudal country in practice and spirit cannot be made oTsr in a day. Tafari *s extraction is distinctly royal, but in character and tendency he is more or less democratic and modernistic. Unfortunately he stands practically alone in these respects among those who by birth and ' 4 t ■ I? • ( -9- and desoent are of his olass. There haa nerer been, the strong middle olass in Ethiopia whioh has brought other oountries to the front* For- tunately there is deyeloping here suoh a olass and as it grows so will Ethiopian eoonooiio and social deyelopment grow. Tafarl*s other important difficulty of lack of sufficient national income in money is still to be solred. Orer a greater part of the country there is still practiced the ancient tithe system of a contribution of ten per cent of all produce to the xuler. The ten per cent is more or less theoretical as the rulers or their represents tiyes often take all production in excess of the bare liTing necessities of the peasant farmer. As there are no roads to bring produce to railhead for exportation to outside markets the aoyemment is unable to turn its income in kind into money. The tendency has been to dcTise new forms of taxa- tion for the budding trade in the centers reached by the railway* Fortunately King Tafari can see that by undue increase of such taxation he might easily kill the goose that lays the golden egg. He understands that he must reach into the pro- Tinces and that to do this road building is in- dispensable. Again we get back to the main imerioan .■3, ■ :• 4- . r -10- Amerlocai Interest of trade development liere. It must ocme* Tliere are difflotiltles In solving tMs eoonomlo side of Taferi^s problem as a ruler but he has already surmounted many other difficulties and there is more or less optimism that he will do it again* The great natural riches of the country and intensifying international interest in Ethiop- ian economic development will both push and support him to a successful issue. In summary it may be said there is yet little upon which to base definite conmient as to either the theoretical or practical division of power between the Empress of Ethiopia and King Tafari Makonnen. So far as any formal understanding exists the Empress continues as nominal head of the state* The conferring of the title of Eing on Tafari has carried no formal understanding as to increased powers but the qualifying of his title of Regent by adding "Plenipotentiary** is accepted in and outside of governmental circles as releasing him from his former obligation of discussing all matters with the Empress* The power irtiich will actually come to him with his new title of King will evidently depend upon the suc- cess of such maneuvers as are indicated in this despatch, if- r -11- despatoli) and upon the suooess with whloh he meets the matters of deyeloping offiolal personnel and inoreasing national oaeh income. I have the honor to be, sir, Your obedient serrant t»>' 4 \ ( >vr- -7, , " •r'"?7'W«»!pSWJJIi/v^>.W- >■ f . T* S^'-i «^^', ^■^ t r r.-^^ r.'^ >/ f ; r I ?}v^n-: w u /I ; • < ^ LEGATION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, \ ^ \ February 15th, 1929. / -/ v.. / No. 140 The Honorable The Secretary of State, V/ashin^ton* Sir: I have the honor to refer to the present of a silver bowl and of a set of John Bassett Moore* s International Law sent by the Department shortly after my arrival here for presentation to the Em- press Zeoditu and the then Prince Tafari, respec- tively. 2:00 p As telegraphed the Department on September 7th, p., 1928, the presents were delivered. The bowl was presented to the Empress on June 2End, and the books to Tafari on June 25rd, 1928, at separate audiences. 1 u^^: ^3 CO o I _. -•>S.tWi^«- --— -^ I -^ "<'««MNMH V. ^'. V f ( -2- audiences* Both presents v/ere received with apparent pleas- ure and appreciation although I could sense that the recipients had expected, after the Europeaji practice, tokens of considerably greater intrinsic yalue^ Such would be natureLL with them as every newly arrived European Minister brings from his sovereign or Pres- ident quite costly objects in the way of presents* However, I have never had an idea of recommend- ing that the Department even consider that practice* The files of the Department will shov/ a despatch from me suggesting that while I thought presents should by all means be given they should not be of great intrin- sic value • The Empress, I believe, was more gratified than Tafari* She reveres the memory of her father Iv:enelek above all other things* The bowl presented to her had originally been inscribed to Menelek* The thought of the Department in having the same bowl inscribed for presentation to her was a very happy one as was demons- trated by her reaction when the eunuch who serves as her secretary conveyed the interpreter's translation of the two inscriptions* I have not written a despatch on this subject ^be- fore as I have been waiting for possible notes of ac- knowledgment from the Empress and King which I might transmit to the Department* Such notes are not cu s t omar y * -■ wiWiSiii^jf, -i*t?S.T.i4rfst,-.»arft'- ,- ,'•»«--.».''»:■**•■■*" f I ( customary but I liad informally suggested to the Minister of Foreign Affairs that they would be ac- ceptable • He promised to suggest their prepara- tion* I have since spoken to him about them* Perhaps he has been unable to obtain permission for such departure from the usual practice* At any rate I have decided to wait no longer before writing a despatch on the subject* The Ethiopians are not accustomed to express- ing their emotions on such occasions > nor do they normally write letters of thanks, or letters of any other kind, when they can be avoided* The failure # to meike written acknowledgments in the present in- stance is not, therefore, unusual or discourteous in any sense* Usually the acknowledgment is in the form of return gifts to the Minister or repre- sentative who brings the presents. I knew of this practice and had previously told the Minister of Foreign Affairs that I could accept nothing in re- turn and would appreciate being saved the embarase- ment of having anything offered. He reluctantly arranged this as I asked* It is^ of course, prob- able that the Empress and King in their way con- sidered these gifts as merely an acknowledgment of the fairly expensive ones which I have heard were sent to the President by Doctor Martin and by Consul General Totten* ■■\ V ,flS«iKfciM*ft*'J*^'''»«f'***ti««8fes^^ . v;*. »*!*»■.*•*+ ^J *v4b -«**«*«-•-*''' .J** k f -4- ( I have the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, « x^i^i^^l*^--^ ■'■ -•••<** •-*«-.. Bin*- •"«»M».'a4i«B(ai«*-' .««*-■ ■ ■■f^'- ■ "■-•• -J"^ ' •■' ■' ■J'^r-^ •■. <,f . ^ X 'J y,* "n - ■ -^ ¥ /> DOCUMENT FILE NOTE V SEE 8W»4A61-!totipn JPiqtureo/l FOR Jfe25Q FROM ..AlOTJliiinJLiL (.iLouLthaxd- : ..) dated TO NAME 1—11*7 .ro I t 1 REGARDING: Suggests American film conpaniea send films of appropriate kind for presentation to the King whose favorite diversion is showing motion pictures for after dinner entertainment. kn t .ic:ii^^ i '\ ?v ^,^ ■'J?'* f ( Itldopla* Ally t9«]i» 1989. Ko* aso. Til* HOBorabl« ni« 8««r«ter7 of st«t«, t9aahlBC%o]i» Sir: Z httTO tilt hamoT %o rtftr to Torloao prorloao doo* potolMo froa tlilo off loo on tlM coaovol oobjoot of voys obA aooBo obioh wo alcht opproyrlotolj moo for aootlng otbor aotioail offorto ymiotiooA hf loool l^Ofotioao to food Bt^opioB iooivUX* DooorotioBo to tbo Kiat obA otbor osiaont xtliiop* lABO oro frooljr clTon by ▼trloao of tho mr o y o on poworo LOTioh pvoooBto oro oSailorix %oot««oi* xoltter of thooo BOtlMdi oooXd, of ooiuroo, ¥o odaytod for iaoriooa prootloo* 9ovo?or, , ^.,.* "- «*^». ;-,»«» •■■viJIKl-^. ■• ' ■** f i - « - Hov«¥«r» w« Bl^t B»«t our othmr aatloaaX MHp^t- , • lc««fiiic %lM Kiac anppllod with aorlag flotort fllns* Bl» Majosty luui a prlrata projMtlae aaohiaa at t)i« PaXaoa aad aat of his faTorito dlToraioaa io liariag a olaaaatofrafli olww for aftor dlaaar oatortalBBwat* ,T'" ;; I ; ■ ■ ■ FMtt ftritiaHf fTCAOh aaA Itallaa oowrooa Mdaly 1m ro* oalToa amy fllao* Moot of thta aro boHaroA to ooao froB f U» pretaoiac oowyaatoo liilili aro paroMrfM taroa^ tlM looal Loffttieaa of tho aatiaaaiitloa ooa* ■ ■ ■ '■ , .TV,, - ■ . ■ "■ ■ oofnaA tbat aooli §XttB aro aot oaly food ot— iioltl ao^w " apai w 4a ap <^aa^^ b^^r w ^^jH^^^^wpaMi* ^^aa ^a aoaa w afc^i^oaapwfc ^r ^'^^^"^^aania^aowp^ a a^^wai^^p of tlia filao airo of off Itlal orifia* > TlMTo avo frofftaatly aalaotat aava f Uaa of tayio* al oTonto iriiioli taad to iq^Foao tte Itldap iaaa with tho graataoaa and adTaaotaaat af tariaaa myafoaa oaaa^ioo A f il» of tho faaaral of Hurohal fooh haa boaa giiriB to tho Kiac hy tho fraaoh aad aaa iMaa hy Bla Majaaty aftar tha laat Pifli—tlo diaaar tl^vik dt tha Palaoo. Throofh iaflaoaoo af tho Brltlah Lagatiaa tharo had haaa raoolTod a aaaa tarn ia ahioh yavaidaa af tha OBarda» airyXaao fXiilitat irioaa of Kiag O a arii » oto** ato.i aovo farliaalatiy ftwUaaat. Tha Uitaat filM raaalTad hy tha Elat froai Xtallaa taflaaaaa ia that aaa of tha oap o d itiaa of tho Dako af tha ihiaaai (X.a«dtiia*i m. tti of J\ay Itth* Iftt) to haqplara tha ■? ffahi shahaXi ritar tmm ita oaaroo ia ithiopia thpiiih V Italiaa ■■**'■'■ "*"' " ' -** l""t f*"-*. .■-•»«»«►,.■ .:., «4.-* oJ*»!i»^i»|t A»ffl*iftt„»ai 4^'" , Sl¥^: • k ^ - -^m ^ V t i - 5 - Italian Soraaliland to tha Indian Ooaan, In tpia tUm thera wara 80b» olararlj plannad aoanaa of Italo-Eth- iopian flag raiaing oar«Kmiaa, ato., nora or laaa of tha ohaaply thaatrioal aort but iapraaaiya to tha Bth-> iapiaaa. It taaa ooaurrad to tha Lagation that aoma of tha worm pablia apiritat of tha Avariaan film produoing oo^MAlt* might aaad oat an oooaaioaal film of appro* priata kind for praaaatatiaa ta tha King. Thay naad not ba of lataat data. suparaadad asaa would do. Thara aoold ba thraa potantial aada to ba gaiaad by ■aah praa*atationa« 'l^i^i tha King aoald ba graatly plaaaadwith thla iaarlaan att«ati«i| aaaand^ thara would ba oppertomity for tha aalaatloa af aabjaata in nawa filaa in partiaalar to iaprass tha Sthioplana with iaariaan adwaaaaMMit and pawart and, third, tha oontrlbatiBg film aanpany or aaapamiaa vaald opan tha path for tha aala of film pradnata wten tha MirlBat arantually bat iaaritably daralopa hara* Tha pra- ■ant aoaaaroial aaitet far filaa Im Ithiapia ia la* aignif iaant and ia aat by ahaap and abaalata filaa aaialy froa ?raaah waojt—B* But with tha praaant rapid growtli of iddia ibaba and •! tha aaastoy ia gm- aral aaring piatara thaatraa af aMiaaquaaaa will in* aritably aaaa* Tha Dapartaaat aay nat, of %9wt—t aoaaldar thia aaggaatian a praatiaabla aaa« It ia aetiwatad aaialy by -JC .^ ^'. - » ■ " . v.- -■^•nr •^ K f i .* Y, *?*' /• r,..' / I IT.', ' , - 4 - » ♦ A««ir« St %1M LtcfttUft t0 iMk »^' W^J^mWjfm^i^ 4 0' i >. 4) f ^ MHpuPt BvMliiif Tfftxl, T'fFi'l f tf*i Owwui wiA iitlMnf Dmt* •Ifi gwif iity wltk Vim %m%9X Imtk of My 9wpw%&99mir i mMH MTJWPI nNMI JfltSniMHI MMHNNNI^ «!• Bttdoyitts 1% ft %it tldULtiali (Mi.mll m» f^ito orfttmtaX ia Tl«vpoiat lif'i. .•• ,V.'-s • ; ■:• I tero tiM IMMT to bO| 8ir» Tour o >ot l ? :■ .) JJQDSBUI X« File 840 .6 • iX8/8id« 'fi * 9 '■' * •■ i V '- 'A, . . t ■ . ■ -IS ■ •: f '; t V », i V '■^. 1.-;.. rf- ' ' » IP* - V, ■.*' ■ -./"; ■■n i ^ t - i— >i ■ o a ^t aii a ^ -<«rv.'«a-.>'-< ^ »* «»•<■»" JkiT f^^jM . .■:w -^ .'/LA \ \^-C \^.., CO ^- / 4L ^tC< /^«L<^,4t— ^^ I ^ ** 1 X PREPARING OFFICE WILL INDICATE WHETHER Collect Charge Department OR Charge to TELEGRAM SENT //• /"'/• t yc B^partm^ni xA ^late TO BE TRANSMITTED CONFIDENTIAL CODE NONCONFtDENTJAU COO^ -/ . PtAIN 't.i ••^' Washington/^'} \ December 30, 1929. ':UJ I — />-' N.' AMLKGATIOIJ l\1 ADDIS ABABA (Ethiopia) 1./ Confidentia / / / / / Ethiopian Society in New York reported to have notified Ethioplan^BtudentB ^in the United ylStatei^of the/death of Kin^ Tafari^ Please/telepraph/your/cornmentB« ^^ KE PHA/MIJE 7/^ D eo ^-. ^- 1 '^ o -» Enciphered by Sent by operator.. M, J9 In>lei Bn.— No. ^) ooTBJu J' I r -rabia. ^^"'etruary 20. I9:;i 4 *^ Porwcrding Letter from -(as Tafari, Heir apparent to the '^'hrone rZ x^b/csinia, to the President of the Unitea 'states* DBFABTMSNT Crir WlA «»« t: c:! T ,:> . of,Stat 23 ^'^a I 1 t OIVUNMI Of NEAR jCAgTERN AFFAIR^ wmmmmm^ \ e r or the consid '^o enclo tion 01 ti.e Jepar t:nont~, a~l:Btrirea?--^-aiie i ve d by registered mail fro:ri his highness I^as 'x'af ari , addressed to this Con- \ sulate, to he forv/arded to t>:e iresident of the United States • CO en -r ^ilthou^rh there may be no connection between the — "? ^' ^ CO ^ t/0 ctato;:ients , attention is respectfully directed to the f. a n^ /r-N !a. Cl n. ^X I last paraj-raph oi pare 4 oi the despatch h'o* 36, from this ^^onsulate, dated h'ovcmber 8, 19:^:^, in which reference was made to certain money matters. r !-• -r.is is tlie first coiamunication oi any kind, 'i ■'i3 direct or indirect, received by this Consulate from the r- U ovemmont of -^byssinia, since 19£1, anr apart from the letter addressed to the President, contained si.nply the f t h f i *^:. roouest that it be forwarded v/ith the official mail of the Consulate. I rnYB the honor to be, -ir, -our obedient servant. liajmozA -i^avis l^^ile IIo. 610. ■*-. ■# -. ...-k *.* if f-. f >.^ ' ♦f • »^ :^. Y^foT^^ nx^ V- *r^iftcfo ^^^ V.£^ %H1Y^ ;:i I -4-'j X . '.=: •* «*■ J- ^ ulk^ I >» ^A> >i 09 ?*H7 4. r Irtl I J ' ,,,■ ,.. ...r,, - >":^ij. -fc' '- • -•-» ■ \ <■ ■A-- * ' /Ji ^S^^^-^-if^ ?{^P:(D^/5:f<(.6:tni: Cij 9 e^^ h/ y^^ -^^ / C^ii^j) ^^^^ ^^ / ^ C;^*^^ ^^^ ^€^t^7^l4A^f JU C ^^4 ^ ^ <^^' ^^^f Ot,-^ / CiCi'^ y It 4» /! 6i^ aA e A7 ^^ c ' /?-€l^ o C^k ^-t/ c< V ^ nt4e*^<^'^^y tf^ a^r^t^- j^tiy^ cjia^ a / //t^i l^^M^ l^yA'^^f J A TTf € Irf entr'- C^ Ze/^f^^^ (y^*^ <.«..«- ^ dt^ r-tAy^y^K. / ^ SAzt, ^ f/^^ V ^^ .^X ' ^^2-<^^ <^^^ tX»^ fii^r^ 4^^^-^^ ^^k^ %i€6u.t^ JUr^^^L^ \rt/CiZ C^^ oL^ €^ T/r'' ^ Vt o^ A~ n ^^•^^^^ X /^^ ^^L€^€^ u iM^^^ // ^^ e^^-^ \ '^b / ^ ^^Al. »-*^ ^ ^^^<.> v^^tt^/ Ay^^^^^ -c „A^ lA^ ; l<_^ CZ/€y< // 4yX^<. t.<^ e^^ c^ I ^M ^ -ft^^-i^^ JL ^/^rX>-^ 7 / -^^ r— ^^ ♦t <^^«^ e^<- e/^tyt^C^' ^< I -2- anabling me to entrust a bank or a reliable oompany with that money. I beg Your Exoellenoy to pardon my putting you to any trouble with this buelness. I have the honor to Inform Tour Bzoellenoy that the sum is about 100,000 pounds sterling. I beg Tour Sjcoallanoy to aooept the hcunage of my profound sinoarity. ▲ddia Ababa, February 1983 (Seal) jsm/sdm •%*^ i»1i* ». ■^v.^ 1 f^Q :' 2 -^73 Saymond Barls, Ssqulr«, Aaarloan Consul, AA«i, AraMa, Sir: The Departnant aobiowlodgaa the receipt of your daepatoh Bo* 84, of Pebroary 20, 19 £2, vith which yon •noloaed a letter to the late i'resldent of the United States from His Hlghnees Ras Taffari, the heir apparent of Abyssinia* The Department desires you to address to His High- ness a reply In the following ssnse, to be forwarded to^ him through each channels ae may oovnend theme el res to you: I hare had the honor of forwarding to my Goremment the letter which in Pehmary last Your Highness was good enough to addrsss to the late President of the United Statee and hare been inotmoted to thank Toiar Highness for the friendly sentlacnte towards the United States expressed therein* 1th regard to Yonr Hlghnese* desire to inrest a bub of monoy in the United State, I hare the honor to cuggoet that you may perhaps dee ire to coimunloate with one or more of the American banking houses on the enclosed list. This list by no means exhausts the number of reliable banks in the United States but it is bellered that the Inctltutione mentioned msj hare special faoilltiee for handling the In* reetment of foreign funds* I haye the honor to be Tour Hlghnese' obedient eerrant. A list of banks referred to abOTe is tranemltted to yon herewith. As ^ ^ / / - £ - As regards the letter addressed hj Hie Higbness to the late freeldent andor date of May 29, 1923, which you transmitted with yoxur despatch fio. 130 of Jime 12, 1923, the Department will ma):e a suitable reply to His Ulg^esE direct* I am. Sir, YoTir ohedlent serrant. For the Secretary of State Bno lo enre : List of baoJcs, referred to above 1^'^^ liJ-CYHS/GC-YT o w 17 i 3 li J , I f rv / L S^ jf 1 1 > ^ o^- p- ., * r ' .- i t- I "fe. V-- K- :) ^/ ^ ^-/'.\ •,» . * DEPARTMENT OF INE THIRD ASSISTANT SECRETARY July 25, 1923, llest ^'■4i^..., I Bhould not liloe to reply to His AbyMinlaa Boyal Highness In suoh an In- definite way M that siiggested by this draft reply, provided any other laore definite reply can be conoeived; especially as the Ambassa- dors at London and Paris would not only be soiaewhat bewildered by the rerru^st but would undoubtedly find thfimselTes faoed with the same problems as are we and would therefore refer him back to the Department • This might be obTlated by appropriate instructions to the respectiTe embassies, but if not, could we not t suggest to him a list of American banlcs, finan- oial institutions and/or aorerment depositories haying branches in Europe which might giye him some financial adyioe, for instance. The National City Jbank, the Farmers^Loan and Trust, the Sfaitable Trust Coiqpany, Morgan Harjes, Brown Shipley, etc*, etc« We would thus be supplying a list of reputable institutions without play-, ii^ any favorites - a method which we frequently follow in the field in response to similar inquiries. Do you perceiye any objection to the latter method, of have you any other su^-gestion to offer? 1 "A S J Department of State OFFICE OF THE ECONOMIC ADVISER L!SMOR\ETJUK. (fe ji J^ECETVED Hi 30 1923 ^&y'^- ''f^i^i^^. y . Dulles : The attached letter fror. His Highness Ras Taxarl presents sorre rather unusual questions. I agree with your sugpestion that it is well v/orth while to consider whether the Department could send a representative to Abyss inia^ There is very littL information available, as you point out, in regard, to this region, and .acoordinp* to impressions I have received from Mr. Southard and others, it is quite possible that the region contains important minerals and other raw materials, and that the Government may be friendly dis- posed toward investment of km rican capital. I appreciate the serious difficulty of finding a proper mian to send to Abyssinia. However, it seems to me well worth while to make an effort to this end, particularly since I understand that sevoral of the European Grovernments are represented there. CO I ■.•3 With ref-ronce to the investment of the tlOO.OOO of ^ 'a His Highness, I am wondering 'ihether there might not he some (nf-f 'A I ■ j ■3 7;ay in 7'hich the Department oould he of assistance. &! One D 6 .*j n Department of State Office of the economic adviser One possibility ie to consider it ae. an investment opportunity and refer it to the Department of Commerce, with the eugpestion that that Department place His Highnese In touch v/ith respon- sible American "bankers. Another possibility, ^^'h ich maybe feasible, is to inquire whether the Treasury Department v/ould be willing: to :jell directly to His Highness such amount of Liberty Bonds or certificates of indebtedness as he might v/ish to purchase • The Department ordinarily does not recommend investments because it is unv.illing to take any responsibility as to the security of them» Hov/ever, I see no reason why v/e should not vouch for the goodness of » Liberty Bonds. If we say that they are a good investment V and they prove to be unsound it will not matter. ^. y y M : ANY : kmm f I-' ^4 DEPARTMENT OF STATE I c Division of Near eastern Affairs Mr. Bliss: liaroh 23. 19£3. J ; > J ■ This is quite an extraordinary letter which His Highness Has Tafari has addressed to the President. While it would hardly seem appropriate for President ^ Tafari as to how he should invest his hundred thousand pounds, I do feel that it is well worth considering whether we should not send a representative to Abyssinia Wo one has been there for quite a while and we are not very well informed as to what is going on or as to possible opportunity of trade and commeroe with this country. In connection with the letter from Ras Tafari. it is not improbable that his desire to have his funds securely placed in the United States is onneoted with recent reports we have received indicating that his position as Prince Regent tS most insecure. Presumably he is anxious to salt away a competence for the future • ^ awd/lvd - ! o» '< v., \ 80B GV SmmSBmJBL TOBP M.i J- > VI I f Um 8%» of ~ " n j Mi| M > y M J3i £■• A§ Is Sssix 9 liM "inif 8t» ^•0« 4 ef Bat 4m ItiOUMi 1 A S » at* x«o* SlJKiaBOtt A OOHpMQr 60 W%m B«0* B SozgflB^ B«r>ui ft Co* 14 Flooo 1 loUoaoX of V«i » • OlA loUOMl OlltJ BMtL of «• r B« 0« t \ L V \ ./S-V •"•^ J .l». -«i-v . J. .-St. -nans ^ '•=>:»:^-''-.»-' ■-*'^- Department of Commerce ■URiAu or KwnaM and Dontmc oommirci WASHINOTON July 9, 1923. f* ^ Jlr. Cornelius V- Engertt Near Easteru Divlslont State Departiaent, Washington, D- IN PUEPLY REFER TO. Dear Mr, Engert: In oompliance with your request over the phone the other day I am inclosing herewith a list of American bankers having offices in Paris or London who « I think, could handle very satisfactorily any Aznerican investments iRiiich the King of Abyssinia might care to make* Please be sure to call upon me whenever there is anything in which I mi^t be of assistance Cordially yours, Inclosure 35903 Julius Klein Director. ALL OOMMtlNlCAnONB TO PORBiaN AND DOMCVriC COMMDICK WASHINOTON. D. C. "« •»<«*»i4 r -ij Paris Office London Office Bankers Trust Company 16 Place Vendone 9 Rue St. i?'lorentine Equitable Trust Company of New York 23 Rue de la Paix 3 King William St £.C. 4 Gruaranty Trust Co. of K. Y I^e des I tali ens 1 & 3 32 Lombard St. E*0# 50 Pall Mall and Alexandra House « Kingsvay. Higginson & Company 80 Lombard St. E.C* 3 Morgan Har^es & Co. National 3ank of Commerce National City Bank ^ '^ ^ ^ * 14 Place Vendome Gresham House, Old Broad Street 34-36 - Bishopsgate s*c* z ^ V.l ■^\v- $. Na 183. AMERICAN SULATE, ■^en, Arabia, January 16. 1 Subject: forwarding of Letter to The Honorable The Secretary of State. Washington Sir: 88 Has ^a&ri. r I have the honor to advise that in ccMnplifuaoci / with the Department's inBtruction dated Deoembery^, 1923, O-'j^.'^ :. z. the letter addressed by the Secretary of State to His Highness -t^s I'aAri Makonnen, heir Apparent to the Throne of Abyssinia, has been forwarded to its dfstination without delay. CO ■^ \ , \ I have the honor to be, Sir, Your obodient eervajit Raymond ifeyie American Coneul. :?ile ^0. 800.1. DCmRTMCNT OF STATE ^In FFICC OF THE SECRETARY D^Ar -^r. Dulles: The Secretary refers the attached letter from Prinoipal rlotert R. Mo ton of the TusKegee Normal and Industrial Institute to you HKQ i. ry ir V )f«r AT)ril 12 IplitS ^* r yii K i ■-.kJw' I* ll 3TRIAL INSTITUTE JlC: URT R. MoTON, Principal RREN l.ooAN. Treasurer wmm0 ITE. ALABAMA sj;^ii£TAitX iJk Si'Aiii APR J^^ ^" ^ » APR 14 1924 Pcp't. of SUt«fe oh I ndlqg t l0 in moping I Tsntwrt to to PrlBOO RogOBt from yoar tepart- •xproti mj poroonal WBj in irtiioh you • SopartBont. Tour If the moot oon* prlnclpi k-'^j •.■-♦—ir ♦ f, / fc. Department of State The Third Assistant Secretary \/\ W ' M kjj^ •y ^ ^olh Kr. SX«inp and Dr. Hoton f«r plies "%. » 3TRIAL INSTITUTE T BLRT R. Moton. /V/»t/pa/ RREN 1 ooAN. Trgasurtr E. ALABAMA APR i> m\ JiD^ APR 14 1924 Pep't. of SUth I «B Mndiz^ is In kaaping I rentnr* to Prlaoa Begvnt 'om your depart r«st my personal in ehioto you Department. Your the most oon- V / prlncl]. to * \ f TUSKEGEE NORMAL AND INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTE Jte: A UoAKl) Ol IKUSILI.S WiiiiAM Jay bcHifcUhLiN, Acting Chuirnuin W. W. CAMi'BtLL, Vice-Cbairman (.HAKLhs b. Mason Jl IIUS ROSENWALD William M. Scott v. h. tulane C.HARihs W. Hare W ARRLN Logan A. J. WlLBORH llDoAR A. BaNCROFI Ai J XANDER Mann, u d. Kublrt R. Moton ChARI hS A. WlCKhRSMAM C^ L. Thomas Irving S. Merrell I AiJL M. Warburg (Ihellis a. Austin Anson Phelps Stokes Mrs. WiiiiAM Ci. Whmox loi NDID BY BOOKER T WASHINc.TUN FOR THE IRAININ(> OF (^oioKLi) Young Mfn and Womi n Ofkici: of the I^RInIipal BiKi lv MoioN, /'r;n< /pj/ KRI N 1 1)1. AN Trga^urer TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE, ALABAMA j ^AI)^11 11 » 1924 AHR r^ 3241 .J^ ■ * ^ »« TT mueEiv«B Hon. cSiarlea B. Hughes, f^^^ \.\^ 1924 aeoratary of State, DUMhlngton, D. C. pep't. of SUt^* Uy dear ICr. Hughes:* fhe enoloeed oopy of letter iihioh i am sendii^ Mr* 3lenqp Is 8elf*explanatory. If the President approves sod it is in keeping with the polioy of your department, may I Tentnre to hope that a letter may be addressed to Prinoe Regent Ra« Tafari, Addis -Ababa, Abyssinia, from your depart- ment. May 1 take this opportunity to express my personal appreciation of the wise and helpful way in which yon ha^e handled the a: fairs of the State Department. Your record in that office has been one of the most con- spicuous pages in current history. Yours Tery truly. "I t :5 Ml I i I 3 ^ ^ CO \ princit \ COPT X-^ i >• -■» ^ V iiSP >*Y''.f '■*■■ Al'H AV^ i J - TUsk«gM institut*, Alabama, April 11, 1924 "rsp^yt. o* S-^'"^ ■: i 'I Hon. C. 5. oleoxpt iooretary to the pre a Ids nt, Ihe ^Ite Houae« 4)itshington, J). C. My dear Mr. ilenqp:- Ijr. 1hnm&8 Jesae jones« Chairman of the Sduoatlon Commlstlon to East Africa^ nho Is now malrlng a tonr of that continent, has Just oalled m^ attention to the fact that prince Begent Ras Tafari of Ahyssinia is planning to visit Seirope sometime in 1924« and indicated that he w)uld cone to ATMrlca if an invitation was addressed to him from the 3tate Department. If the president agpprcves, may I take the liberty of sxiggesting that an invitation be sent to Prince Regent Ras Tafari from the jtate Department inviting him to visit America while he is absent from Abyssinia on a tour of Surope. Yours very truly, f signed 1 R. - . Moton. I % • "I **-*«!i^*ifei*i«-j*fesi**' ■ f. T T 1 i , ^ n ''.■*: 'A r arop««n iob«rt K. Mo ten, LI. D., Prloolpal, Ta«lL«g«« Ilorxaal and InAaslrlal InatltuU, Toskegec Institute, Alabaaa. Ky d«ar Dr. Uoton: I AttBlre to aoknovlodge your l«tter of April 11 oalling to mj attention the oont«Biplat«A visit to £arope of the Prinoe Regent of Abyssinia, kas 1!iifari. end en- ^-v^ oloslng a letter whioh yon haTO addressad to ICr. Slemp O<0 suggesting the possihility that the Prinoa Begent would oone to America if tm inritatlon were addreaaed to hin. V.hile the Departaent has at the present tiiae no O representatire in Addis Ababa, it has been infomed, through the Consul at i.den, that the Prinoe Kegent was oonteciplating a trip to Kuropa and an intimation ei&iilar to that contained in your letter to Ur. Slemp waa oon- Teyed to the Department through the Consul. V>hile It has not been poaaible to take definite ooticn in thia matter at the present moment, instruetions are being sent to Amerioan diplomatic repreaentatiTee in the V - £ - Kuroptan oapitele whioh Has Xafari will vialt in order to enable the Prlnoe Regent to eatabUah oontaot with our repreaentetlyea to the end that DBttera of intereat between the two oountriea may be talcen up dlreotly. At thct time it will be poBBible to give further oonalderetion to the question whloh your letter raises. I may add that the Department has now under considera- tion the early sending to Addis Ababa of a Diplomatic or Consular representatiTe of tnis Goyernment. I am, my dear Dr. Mo ton. Sincerely yours. -< r n -P" B \\ ,v 03 ^ "^ f ; o 9 . ^jS':-A\.L/Vi7fic M h<«M>MMb<««M>MMMMHI I WW' -^^-..1 ■ j^Mfcl 9^r 0f f ri n 'c{ k\ If .-1 w -■ V ' 1 ^ ^^ r 6' RECEIVED \/ THE WHITE HOUSE ,, ,^ - .,, , Dep't. of State WASHINGTON ^ ^ »?A • April 14. 10L4. \\ 1^^ dear ^j:-» Secretjry; '..ill 7CU uut '.^e cjood ei>ou^h to advise i:]e as to v/lat ro' ly sj.ouU ^e ;..ade to tlie o.iClosed letter fra.: Doctor r.oLert -. ^otoi., of 'ruiiketree Ii.stitute; Please retv.i'n Doctcr ^loton^s letter to I.e. Si:.cerely yours. c r^ecre larv 1:0 ri. C:.arles ^ • ----t-r . . . ■:^ o ^ecrei' r - uf ^Jt:. le . e.^clob'^r. . to t'e rresiae..t. ^pril ^'« \ ■'- .^j^iati*^' - 'gJL-y (' l^-\ ^ = 1 19 X'^'i^ My dear Ur. Slonp: Viith reference to yoor lett«r of April 14th enolosing a ooanunioation froa Pootor Bobtrt B. Uoton. of 2iL8)cog«e Institut*. I b«g to anolos* a copy of a lettar whioh I hare Just sant to Br* Uoton in reply to a sonowhat siBilar oooKaunioation whioh X reo«iTad directly froB hia with whioh he also anolosed a oopy of his racont letter to you. The original of Dr. Uoton' a letter to you is herewith returned. I am, lay dear Ur. Sleaip, Sincerely youra. ' V \ o Knoloaurea: (2) Copy of letter to UT» Moton. Dr. Uoton' 8 letter to Mr. Slewip, dated April 11, 19£4 c :.: r^ ^ [^ The Honorable 0. BasooB Sleap, Seoretary to the Presidant, The White Uouae. k-a?,d/gc > aiyey ^ K • * ^ >•# "^ ■ jH^ APR 28 ly^' TUSKEGEE NORMAL AND INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTE ,^-( ^: fvp l. ox oUiU; BOARD OF TRUSTEES William Jay Schieffblin. Acting Chairman W. W. Campbell. yics-Cbairman Chaales £. Mason luLlUt RotSNWALO iLLiAM M. Scott V. H. TULANB Charles W. Hakb Warren Logan A. J. WlLBOftM Edcar a. Bancroft Alexander Mann. d. d. Robert R. Moton Charles A. Wickersham C. E. Thomas Irving S. Mbrrbll Paul M. Wabburo Chellis a. Austin Anson Phelps Stokes Mrs. William G. Willcox FOUNDED BY BOOKER T. WASHINGTON FOR THB training OF Colored Young Men and Women RoBtm R. Moton, Principal Warren 1 ooan. Treaiurtr Office of the Principal TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE. ALABAMA iprll 24^ 1924. Hiiiorabl# Charles £• Babies t S^or^tary of State, Washlngtoxit D« C* RECEIVED AP.l 28 1924 Dep't. of State Hy daar Mr* seer«taryt I an aendlng 70a juat^ this line of thanks and appreciation for the conrteay of /oar letter of April 19th with ita information regarding the intentions of the state Separtnsnt coneerning the pro* posed Tisit of the Prince Regent ef i]igresiniat Rae Tafari* I an particalarly interested to Imow that the State Department has under con- sideration the early sending to iddis ijbaba of a Diplomatio or Consular repreeentatiTo of this &0Teramsnt« Tery sincerely yoxirsf \ =1 1^ k/ ■V ^- ^> i.- *»- «^ M 1 -■^k- r f ^ »'fl^^^a»^►^^=^.fr^/-■i^^jj^i9i5.^',^ ^ ^ 3tft for Has Taffari, Prince Ragent o iLbysslnia* i: ^ ^^o^ ^ ^^ /}u^ ^i//f'^ Its ' IB "mm mmMm/Ui^lk ^sibS #^: •mm. \m!%mm ^:mm ^^is^^ %m ifrm 3f'»?' ^tf«iiiQi> md>ms^ th# Ig0!6«^. 'i^. <«ieLiiii«-o* 4tim Ji^aA;^ ^ WWi» €. ysfl fl f f w rwi ' S. fiil.»« tthoitnst ^^0*%!^ Salpa^i^MRIA fl!f ?l1l/|l3it ««L !^(» riiX^ alsMOil Us •mr«N» » t^ Viiaai«#eik iim^ts Oiyy ^a w nt E B ^ x w iaftafe ^iwwft. Oi%:, 5.# iVl ^. H*^ fl« * ht* *f(?iP«.i!rHit ttaP i^ aMMUMAft «g^. bJ« Vft TW \ e * t»^ tdfcWk^ 'M iu ,-»Jl»!l»W'- '^ ■^> !9a« In r«ply refer to I A en. Tcvc^i sl!ni3.?..r to •3tr''-.e ^t f'.r-^ carved similar to utyle L, ttj .';;;o^r. in r/'ax catcJLo{:ae of ki,_J.l;- .I'lnlGhc" <-ra£ al" Tiv? rlfli f?hD^.il4 he boxoil ior ai.ipujcr.t •.iOi^oci'! ace. S'int shlrplrv: r^ .'irr'es **(30llect" to I. P. P.ooaa, 2sq.nire, United -trtes '^' cvcrsmftnt :'"^8ps.toh '/-ent, no, £ Re«tor street, Heu Yorv '^1*-» net later tJi^;-. ■l•^^?^ 6. rr, TottfTL 'aiils fr / (vt I ca V ^\ --le COPS' ^"^' • 7^ ' r ^ ^ ^ . \^ L' A J ^ V t/^ / /y-/^'.. .-/'^A ^ LEGATION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Addis Abate} Ethiopia. Vs. June 26, 19S8. .V. ^■•^4 ■ J / ) c I- I OOirPIDIQITIAL^ r t \- f- '. 'O ; rV ~ .- ^ . ♦ r / { - K "^ fT'v d.C i.' •- c^ ^'^ •'' 5 • t t r f> NO* 40 The Honorable, The Secretary of State, Washington* Sir: I ^ m :|fc.. ^'^^ S i I have the honor to submit herewith the third of a series of despatches to assist in the interpretation of future reports on politioAl Qoourrenoes in Ethiopia. The first report of the series was my despatch No* 34 of HiiXM v 2nd, 1928, on the subject of the attitude of other national Legations in Addis Ababa towards the American Legation and Consulate General here* The second report was my despatch No. 39 of Jtme 19th, 1926, Qn the subject of the organiz- ation and functioning of the present Ethiopian Goyeroment* The present report discusses the various branches and individuals of the present Ethiopian royal family, with A special ». p , j — . » I * .tr - e - special referenoe to possl\)le claimants to tlie throne In the event of the death of Her Majesty, the Empress Zaudltu. Sthioplan history goes haok so many thousands of years that there has been preseryetd no definite record of the beginning. Such records as now exist claim to be' authentic back to the time of Makedf^, She was the Ethiopian ruler who as Q,ueen of Sheba yisi^ed King Solomon and who as a re- sult became the mother of a son named Menelek* It is from this Menelek the First that the present royal family of Ethiopia claims descent* Ethiopia is made up of a number of states or provinces, of which the more important are ruled by kings* First one, and then another, of these provincial kings held power dur- ing centuries past as "King of Kings" or ruler of the Empire. The most Important of the§e little kingdoms have been Tigr^, Go jam, Amhara, and Shoa* The latter was the country of the Queen of Sheba, and Sheba is said to be merely another way of saying Shoa. The "Line of Solomon" was established by her son Menelek. This line has from his time always ruled Shoa, but not always the Ethiopian Empire. Menelek I, King of Shoa and Emperor of Ethiopia, ruled until 957 B.C., according to Ethiopian records. His dynasty, known as that of the "Line of Solomon" from the paternity of the founder, lost control of the central government some centuries later. It continued, of course, as the royal family of Shoa. Ethiopian history is somewhat vague over periods of centuries. With this, however, we are not so much concerned. The - 5 - The present era of International oontaet for Ethiopia may be said to date from 1841 when Great Britain negotiated a treaty* The negotlatlei^ was carried on with Sehala Selassie, king of Shoa tnd other proYinoes of the Smpire and descendant of Ifenelek !• This potentate was then con- sidered the strongest within the Empire. But he was short- ly afterwards eolipsed ^y Ung Theodore of Gondar who was recognized by the European powers as Siaperor of Ethiopia* He, however, mistreated pertain British subjects and brought about the inyaslon of his country by the socalled Napier expedition. This inyasion, by invitation and with the aid of a rival of Theodore, resulted victoriously for Lord Napier. He completed his campaign with the capture of the Magdala The aJLly of the British and rival of Theodore, then ruler of Tigr^, was crowned Emperor of Ethiopia under the name of Johannes ( John) • Shoa, under the rule of its own royal family of the "Line of Solonon", had continued practically independent of the central govemmen^^ King sehala Selassie, with whom the British made th^lr original treaty in 1841, had in the meantime been suQi^e^ded in turn by his son Halle Uellkot and his grandson. Sehala Ifiarlam* The latter dis- puted Johannes* claim to be fi&peror of Ethiopia* Some fighting occurred. But Sehala Mariam was able without iifficulty to assume the central power when Emperor Johannes was killed in XQQO in battle with the Dervishos of the Soudan* Sehala Uariam took the name of Menelek II great and •A- r % ^; i< '•' ■#v" 1, 4 - and oonsolldated tlia Ethiopian Empire of today* Tlieirefore, the preQQnt ruling family oalls itself ( the royal family of Sehala Selassie. The latter, as has alreft^ been noted, began the restoration of the **Line of Solomon** and sired the father of Menelek II* The tree of the family of Sehala Selassie shows that he had two sons and four daughters. The oldest son, Halle lielikot, heoame King of Shoa, in suooession to his father, and had as son he who later heoame Menelek II* The lat- ter was father of Zauditi^t today the Empress of Ethiopia* But the latter shares the rule with Tafari Makonnen, Prince Regent and Heir to the Throne, and also of the "Line of Solomon. ** Sehala, Selassie *s youngest daughter Waizero Tanina Wirko was the mother of Bas Malconnen. The letter's son is the present Prinoe Regent. Tafari and Zauditu are, therefore , sQOond oousins. The second son of Sehala Selassie, named Has Darga, was the grandfather of the present Ras Kassa. The lat- ter Is, therefore, also a second cousin of both Tafari and Zauditu* Ras Easbcl (age about 50) is mentioned in my despatch No. 39 of JUne 19th, 1928, as the most powerful and Influential Ethiopian next to the Empress and Prinoe Regent. There are many Ethiopians who feel that Has Kassa as the descendant of a son of Sehala Selassie is more en- titled to the place of Prince Regent and Heir to the Throne than is Ras Tafari who Is descended merely from a daughter of Sehala Selassie* In Ethiopia, as elsewhere, descent by the male line is frequently glTen more weight. v> The > -«-^ » "s: I - 8 - The other three children of Sehala Selassie had no Issue of impor tanoe • ?rom this King of Slioa and restorer of the "Line of Solomoi^** we have, then, three great grand children holding prominent positions today. They are Zaudltu, the Empress; Tafari, the Prince Regent and Heir to the Throne; and Kasati Has or ruler of Salale and other provinces and leading a<|,ylser to the Soipress* By going back a hit we may mention Li J Tasu, grandson ^* of Menelek II and nephew of the present Smpress Zaudltu* He was nominated by Msnd3,ak II as his successor, hut was under age at the time and ruled for a few years with a Regent* Mainly through persuasion of German, Austrian and Turkish agents diiring the World War (who used this as a means of emlairasslzLg the allies) he moyed to substitute Islam for Christianity as the State religion of Ethiopia. This led to civil war and his deposition in 1916, The details of this period of Ethiopian history are set forth in despatches which I frote from Aden in 1917, 1918, and later. They are, it 1$ assumed, on file in the Depart- ment. Li J Yasu was a refugee in remote provinces of the « Empire until 1921 when he was captured. Ras tafari, the present Prince Regent and Heir Apparent, instigated the successful pursuit whl^h resulted in Li J Tasu's capture. The capture was actuailly made by a young nobleman known then as Llj Desta Deatu. The latter has since been re- warded with promotion to the title of Dedjazmatch, the governorship of a province, and the hand of Ras Tafari* s daughter. The ^ ■«?« w i • 6 - The aYoraga Ethiopian greatly reveres the memory of Msnelek II* LI J Yasu as his grandson could not, therefore, be handled with the teTerlty whioh might have been shown to any one else guilty of his alleged offenses against the country. Normally he would have been left as a political prisoner in the hands of Bas Tafari* But political prison- ers in Ethiopia, parti oulfl^rly if they are of important family connections, harf i^ way of passing q.uietly and promptly on to the Or^tt Beyond. Illness is usually the alleged cause, but the general belief is that a slow and secret poison may sometimes be employed to assist. At any rate as Li J Tasu*s possi^e death would benefit Has Tafari mors than any one else the decision was made to give him into the custody of the ),ea8 ambitious Bas Eassa. The latter is very dOTOted to the Empress but is aaid not to fancy particularly his other second cousin. Has Tafari. Should the Empress die Has Kassa has an equal claim to the throne in so far as family relationship to their common ancestor is concerned. Li J Yasu, grandson and ncoinated successor of Uenelelc II, is still a potential contender although now a political prisoner under sentence of having forfeited by ^reason his rights to the throne. Vhile Ras Tafari aotually has the title and powers of Prince Regent and Heir Apparent to the Throne he is not nough The lat- ter, in addition to his own family rank and advantage at the custodian of Lij Taa\^, is very close to the Sapress Zauditu. He is in a position to threaten or menace Ras Tafari — ^i *. ' >. < 7?-' t I It porting his present prlaoner Li J Tasu, might be able to blook Has Tafarl*8 fuooession. But if the latter con- tinues to strengthen his position for another five years as he has sinoe his aQQession to power a dozen years ago, the ability of Ras Etsfia or of any one else to obstruct him will hsTe become m^impor tant • The economic modern- ization of Ethiopia, Jiust started, depends upon Ras Tafari»s continuance in power» The next few years are, therefore, critical 0)%ea not only for Ethiopia but for those foreign interests which plan to share in the eco- nomic development and trade of the country. As of further assistance in understanding the dis- cussion herewith presented there is enclosed a brief biographical sketch of Zauditu, together with a diagram showing the tree of the royal family of Sehala Selassie. '\ I have the honor to be. Sir, Tour obed 4 Carbon Cj Rocolved .. Minister Resident and Consul General. Enclosures :- 1/ Biographical sketch 2/ Diagram showing the Sehala Selassie* of Empress zauditu. tree of the royal family of *u,*V^^ i.' ' Snolosure No. 1 to despatoh No. 40 ZIUDITP. EBuareas of Btlilopla» •OoOoo— "— Bom about 1875* Da\ighter of MenolalE II ^ a Moslem wife UiBirxled: 1. 4* Dedjazmatch Ax^a Selassie, nephew of King Johannes • Has MBai®a8h|ii. son of King Johannes. Ded jazmatoh Oubi» Ras Giigsa WQiXi of aondar. No children* Very devout and spendf most of her tine in religious devotion. Yery susoeptll)!^ %o religious influence and to that which invokes the meaory of her father, the Emperor Menelek. She is not of ag|p;*«asive disposition or mentality* Conservative and inclined to distrust foreigners and foreign innovations* She is said ^o have had very little education, even according to Ethiopian standards. Was chosen as Empress >)y the committee of the revolution which deposed Lij Yasu in XI1&* liBiinly through tbs influence of Ras Tafari is said to be inclined in favor of AmierioaaSt and of Amerioan participation in such economic modernization of Ethiopia as may, in her opinion, be unavoidable* #v ••Dw«7*7^: f ROYAL FAI£ELY OF SK TI AT.A -i I Llj ^asu (Age 32) 1 ShoRra^a No Issue ZauOitu (Age 54) Three Sons ;*-¥i»?i'f-M- UenelQk 11. (Age 50) \ Five Sons & V/aiz'ero 1 Qtlier Daught er Tessfeme riailQ "eliliot. Has parga» Son. Issue TTnlniportant SEIIilLA King of '•i*.- 4,. .-fc-.'i ..M*.-.«ftrf.-.v .*Jfe!JMfc^?W«^***'**'V''i'<^'-'^^ ' I m csia:jjie - LII:E of SQLQLIQII. > t I T 3? % { y. Six CMldren. R&g ^ari (Age 35) . I' Daugh ter* -«ii* Ras LSakonnen. r^ on. on. Daught er* llnportant Issue Unlkn \7alzjBro Tanlna 'Jorke Issue TJnlhiportant Issue Unlinportant I SELASSIE. Shoa. ., /^.^ .^- \ •orw'i » Tr~ii I II «B— iiiw } Sir - . 4 . 4 -"« *'„ f / ^ AM LEGATION OF THE ' f UhlPTEp OF AMERICA ■ ..V ,..1 [;. \ •••» o -^-s" A'd416^ Ababa , Et|i^<^pia, November 17th, 1928 ^ ^ •r> * \ •^ r. * ^ , . '.{ L'Vo.tKN C^fHv* ^rV^ ,^ I - -% / /. . / •=- ; No. 100. / 4 ) ' f'l ^ aDISXRl&JsIOf! ■i» H fc- The Honorable The Secretary of state, Washington. Sir: ^ >- A »- , 0-. f I have the honor to report that I have observed in various lately arrived Ainerican news periodicals q.uotations or reproductions of articles of apparently libelous character which first appeared in Swiss news- papers recounting alleged experiences in Ethiopia of an Armenian calling himself Doctor Alexandre Garabedian. In these articles the soi-disant Doctor Garabedian makes grave charges against King Tafari Makonnen. The most serious are to the effect that the latter endeav- ored to hire him to poison first the mother of the "^W •»'-4V"'»^«-~ ,,. '--^ King»s if-ir^ — o«^.» •5^i«- f -2- King»s wife and then the Empress Zeoditu. It is possible that these articles have come to the attention of the Department. If so a statement from this office with local views oonoernlng the sooalled Garabedian may be of- interest and use* Hence this despatch. According to what appears to be generally known and authentic local information this Doctor Garabedian came to Addis Ababa and began the practice of medicine in 1925, There are no laws in Ethiopia requiring examination or license to practice. As is the custom with most physicians here he operated a small private pharmacy for his own prescription service. Being of quarrelsome and erratic disposition he made many enemies here. They were first to become suspicious of his unusual opulence* He was much more prosperous than his regul^ar and limited medical prac- tice would warrant. Investigations, some of which were private and some of which were official, developed. Charges of dealing in narcotics resulted. The doctor was arrested by the Ethiopian authorities and sentenced to deportation as an undesirable alien. He appealed to the French Legation, which protects local Armenians. He was refused assistance because of previous erratic conduct which is said to have antagonized the Legation and caused withdrawal of protection. He appealed un- successfully to all other Legations in turn, including this one. By legal means, and with the assistance of the well icnown procrastination of the Ethiopians, he was able -» -•% ■*. •^s- *'*«ii6:i*li*- .if '»'■■> ■r V y f -3- abl© to delay indefinitely any action in the deporta- tion matter. But he wished to pose as a martyr and during this period staged a dramatic hut more or less unnecessary flight to the American Mission Hospital in Addis Ahaha, claiming refuge from alleged persecution. The authorities of the Hospital permitted him to remain there many months as a resident rather than as a patient. The Hospital by thus harboring Garahedian incurred at first some disfavor of the Ethiopian Government, and lost a certain amount of prestige among the more reputable class of Addis Ababa population. I endeavored informally and tactfully to influence the Hospital authorities not to participate in the Garahed- ian affair but they toolc the obvious Christian mission- ary stand that their reason for being was to aid and succour the persecuted, the unfortunate, etc., etc., etc. Later the Ethioplaji Government decided that Garabediflin would be less trouble if left at the Hospital under the delusion that he was a refugee from persecu- tion and went so far as to agree to pay the Hospital his board and keep. I do not know that anything has ever been paid, but the promise exists. I have personal knowledge that Gar abe diem habit- ually indulged in remarkably active outbursts of tem- per and other emotions at the Hospital and that he received there frequent and protracted visits from a woman ««»''* jUii^^^ <:■ ^■1- -4- woman locally credited with puirpose as well as some promiscuity in her amorous inclinations. He directly informed me that this woman was to be his wife if and when she got a divorce from her present husband now in England. Garabedian behaved in other and similarly unusual ways. Finally, in company with the above- indicated lady- love , he departed in August of this year from Addis Ababa with many and reiterated threats that he was bound for Geneva to take up his "case" with the League of Nations. Evidently he was in some way able to impress certain of the Swiss newspapers as they have given publicity to his alleged grievances, including the fantastic charges men- tioned already in this despatch. These articles have been republished in some American newspapers, apparently with no attempt at investigation of their reputability or accuracy. Garabedian has an unenviable reputation among his fellow Armenians in Ethiopia. The three members of the "Armenian Committee" of Addis Ababa, which is chosen from among their leaders by the more than a thousand Armenians here to represent them and their opinion, have all informed me that Garabedian was so eccentric and litigious that he could get along with no one, that he had not a single real friend among his own people and, finally, that many believed him mentally unbalanced. They pretty thoroughly condemned his social and moral errors and expressed relief that he had finally de- parted from Ethiopia and thus removed what they considered "o «w— -'^U-. %^ ,i ( -5- oonsidered a blot on the collective reputation of their people in this country. Various members of the local Armenian community state that they are prepared to prove that Garabedian is really a medical student named Derderian who failed to complete his studies; that the real Doctor Alexandre G-arabedian was his friend who died and whose papers and name he stole before coming to Addis Ababa to establish himself. His charges against King Tafari have aroused great indignation locally, even among those who are not parti- sans of the King, There is apparently no reliable evidence that Garabedian, or Derderian, was ever close enough to King Tafari to justify the latter in bringing up, even in imagination, so delicate and confidential a q.uestion as the poisoning of his mother-in-law or the Empress, Certainly, local people argue, if the King had any such villainous intention, which no one credits, he has confidential medical men close to him who could be much more efficiently and trustworthily used. At least one physician very close to the King is reputed as not averse to earning an occasional appropriate reward by this or related activity. At any rate Garabedian was hardly in a position to be approached in a matter of obviously confidential and intimate character even granting the existence of such very im- probable royal thought. The ">.;v •i -4. f ( -6- The poisoning charges are generally aooepted as the vaporings of a disordered and greatly enraged mind stimulated by the goading of the woman already mentioned as Garabedian's paramour. This woman is the daughter of the famous Syrian adventurer Idilbi who oam© to Ethiopia and established great influence over the Em- peror Menelek and in turn over the youthful Lij Yasu. To the latter he is alleged to have given his daughter of fifteen, the woman above referred to, as mistress with the understanding that she would become Empress when Lij Yasu was crowned. Lij Tasu was deposed by revolution and Idilbi and his daughter upon fleeing to Djibouti were held as prisoners by the French. The father died in Europe Only lately has the daughter returned to Ethiopia to press an unsuccessful claim for great sums of money on account of her father»s alleged property seized by the Government at the time of the revolution and deposition of Lij Yasu in 1916. It is generally thought that the charges of attempted poisoning originate really with Garabedian*s lady-love. She is reputed still to cherish a warm affection for the swart but handsome Lij Yasu irtiose overthrow a dozen years ago possibly cost her the title of Empress of Ethiopia, On the other hand she appears to cherish just as warm a hatred of King Tafari Llakonnen who not only contributed greatly to the banish- ing of Lij Yasu and the deportation of her father but blocked ■■•ifciiiMt"--*"" 4 '■: ■ 4^ 4 y f -7- blocked the claim whicli she recently pressed against the Ethiopian Government. King Tafarl's mother-in- law, at one time scheduled according to the published charges to shuffle off this mortal coil by the poison route, is the sister of Lij Tasu. The Empress is Lij Yasu's aunt. The reasoning which suggested or motivated the poisoning charges seei;is obvious. In summary it may be said that Garabedian, or Derderiaji, is considered by some here as a periodic- ally demented rogue and by others as merely a neurotic. His own apparently malicious inclinations are evidently aided and abetted by the promptings of his very astute and intelligent associate of the gentler sex who, as indicated, has various axes to grind in Ethiopian politics. The poisoning charges at least, brought at Geneva and published in various newspapers, includ- ing now some American ones, are credited by practically no one in Ethiopia, The whole story is long and involved, but the foregoing represent what ssem the salient features of it. They have accordingly been selected for record in the event that the articles mentioned should come to the attention of the Department and raise the question as to why nothing had been heard from this office of a matter of such apparent seriousness. I have the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient servant. 4 Carbon Goplei L\ cc •^ iDISON E. SOUTHARD. ^""^^^^"^ w.v.W ■^ f,*-- >1#J« *«.,^:j^ji:.- .- '-^ *#» DOCUMENT FILE NOTE 884.00/148 FOR #136 FROM TO Abyssinia , Southard v ,,..„« Feb. 9, 1929 ' (— - j DATED -'- r NAME 1— liar o r o REGARDING: 1 Fighting between the Dejazmatch Tfeye, a governor in , the pr6^nce of Guimira, and the Dejazraatch Desta Domtuj a governor in adjacent province of Kaff and a son-in-law of Xing Tafari. Comments on characteristic a of the central figures, including Haile Mariam Lama, of the: royal line of Solomon, and Kas Nado, a nowerful member of the Ethiopian nobility and adoptive parent of Deratu. 'ini / f MAM iM^ { HilNMUOf tHkfekf liMWt :'^ .a Ji^P# 4U^W' ^ ^••i U T)Mi attMUjry •t 8M%» sirt %• f«p«r% tiMt %]M MWS IMS «U NMIM A«dU A%Aka •f filHtUt Ma«»iM iMftftAiM U tte% yart «r «to mA ^m 8i%ftt iri 1 AU isMUU lM»r» M% ^w ^Biyi^^^lWBMr^P ^^^ MHIw^P ■^IWPlBi VH ■PBPi w WB^P Ittt tiM \ KImi S9jMHi%ili Tiiy4 uiA ms Ml •Hmt* tm fwi w Is •f * ytit iC ■♦t \ « " 1 ^ S . vv. { MH^K IHUI INNHI VUMMTlNMi 4MBHI%9A MA IMI tMl •VY' tM is is «fai MM ymitUii is g wt of H B tmt .- 7' - • ■ •/..,-- ■';-■-*,- • ■ : . ' ■■ ■. giilii Pljl WMtU M«it«li 9»» 4bO tr Haw MBit X$m) — is Kiag fUJ^uri* Hi Ims niMiacrrt lii»» tlMI liH&ly iHMI Mt I •C MtC!MUMi% stsiBBtli %• pMli kid •Ia^m iiBMvt Tuf^yj wii hi is W0% mv** C I Mlf sf i^ffl»Ha% yiMUtiMiii tal sM^tir ti iis* Bt ^BT ft/MiMMil% %9 %llS iMMiP MliMRMPtfllj^ ■♦..■'' j;.«r: • ^ >. ■ ^ ' i^ OdT UM AJUl§|fii9% (&it OuIsIm iriMHVS M§ fiMiljr la of «ii« •yitiii»iy» at •«■»!•« attivi ■>-■? ./ ,^ •■ fgtl%iii§ wl4Mi wt iiHMdJii# idMHft As wm ihwIiiMNi 4 > . ' ..♦ 7 *' -,^''' u I InportanM mad mmm kaewi la Ethiopia mm vliat «o«I4 bm oallad la mjtopm a <)«iliwuraitr > m mmm latQ ygwilnan— a tmm yaara ago by brlaelag abeat tlia r «. oaptiiva of tho fuglttlto Llj Yaaa i^« for mmm fmmrm tkt%mr tim rovolutlooa of X916 and 1917, ooald bo% %o oap^arod. so loag aa tho dopoood Taaa «aa at largo Tararl*8 pooltloa vaa far fros aooora and tboro vaa aethlag so aaioh doalrod by hla aa tho appirahoiialoii and laprlaoaaoat of tho fonatr holr to tho throao* Doata DOKtu did thla^ oowi aoy by stratasoM and othora aay by troaohory* Hooovor tho aooo«i>lloli* aoRt oaiao about ho thoroby oamod tho groat gratlt- ado of Tafarl who proaptly so'vo him a tltlo and a plaoo Qtt tho govtmnont pay roll* DontUt aho la handooao and latolllgoat, ooon laipvoirod hla oppor* tualtloa to tho oxtoat of galnlag tho hand of Taf* arl*a daiightor la aarrlago about too yoara ago* Booaalag a ao»»la»l«» of ttiforl brought fxurthor oioiMitloa la raak to tho fcrtuaato Dostu and laat yoar ho oaa appolatod a Dojo— otoh and glipoa a largo part of tho groat but dlataat prorlaoo of naffa to e0rmmkm ho loft for ttaoro about olght Boiitha ago» taking with hla Tafarl*o daoghtor* TaylU grlovaaoo agaiaat D o wtu la not yot do^» laltoly kaow la Addla Ababa • it la pooalblo that ho roooatod tho lattor bolag glron a aoro Isportaat goTtmorvlilp timik h»» a mmitmr of %ttm roytd lixm of aoiOMMit bftd t)««ii glT«&« It la aXao poaalbXa that h« Ima obiarlBlMd a gmAga agalaat Daatu for tha oaptupv of )iia aoualn Llj Taau* /jietliar roa- aoB for Ma hoatiXlty to oamtu al^t tia baaauaa of tkm X*ttar*a poaitloa aa a BmaXmr of x^twpi*s faua* iXy» and aa tha lattarU aXlaflad aiciiit ^rvro^tmix In poXltiaal laattara* At any rata troabXa baa ooourrad with miafaartuai apparanily for Doata D«atu* lUm Dad)asmat^ Taj^ la a swabar of tlM i::nipreaa^ party and aban Tafiarl proaaeda to mmlah hint aa ha Buat» tliara laay arlaa furthar frlatlea In Addla Ababa* Tay4 la avldantXy praparlng for troubXa aa tha ra* porta ladlaata tbat ba baa anllstad on bla alda tba Dad I tab Halla mrlan Laanap anetbar parla— ling of tba royal llna of xlcnan idio eomma a dlatrlat of GulBlra adJolAlnc tbat of Tay4« HalXa ^arlaa la a foraar pal of LlJ Taau. Ba la not a Ttry la* talllcaat or abla nan but baa a gvtat rap«tatlaB aa a flsbtar* li9 la aald to baTa only tao dlTaralanai osa of ahlah is fighting. naithar of tbaga tvo aona troiihla tor Tafarl» partlaiUajrly aa tha lattar baa not aiifflal«it aiaa and tBaaoUtlan to bold hla omtk at Addla Ababa and at tha atrong foraa Into tba flaid* tlJM aaad a ttiia *i *5« Thi« ls» of oour««» aaothsr mmiXt of Brltlshr Fr«iioh*ltaIlAn pollo^ whloh will not p«i«it Tafkirl to import sttffloitot arms and stammltloii oiron for ordinary poliM purposoa* Yot tho thrto ooimtrioo vi«h to hold hlB striotly to ao count for tho pre- servation of Intomal ordor and oonaolidaticm of tho oantr&X poiror in outXyiiig prorlnooa* Tboy aliriok tlirou^h th« intormtioaaX proas vbNin oattora do got a bit out of handt and um^ oonosimbly uso this latost inoid«nt as furtitsr propaganda to an* doaror to prora tbo failura of tha oantral irthiop* ian Goramfflsiit in koaping ordar within tl^ia laaplrot Tha naaraat iaportant ohiaftaln to tha asat of tha diaordar is tha Ilaa Nado» a povarful ond Influ* antlal siMihar of tha Ethiopian nobility* Hia saat of goTarxuasnt ia at Gor4*c«Bbala • 'V'ondar is ax* praaaad at Addis Ababa that ha haan*t ^'apanload*' tlia Dadjazoatahaa Tay4 and imila Marian* ?^1iila ha is of tha party of tha mffr^mB ha has luroally aupportad Tafari ia tha iataraata of tha parograaa aad proapar* ity of tha oouAti7* Inaldii tally Daata oaatu aaa adaptad by hia aa a soa aftar Kthiopian ouataa* His adoptad aoa haa aot lataly baaa on tary ipod tarsa with hia but thara ia no apparaat raaaon ahy ha ahottlda*t halp hia ia tha raaaat troiibla* Raa Nade is an iatfjlig^nt aad abla aan but ia fraq,ttaailjr and for loag paarieda in hia aupa whm ha do^a^t mm h oooh what imffvmnmm It im possiHl* tfettt « py "0 ^ \, The Secretary of State, Washington. Sir: H ^..-,t -J r' ^ «^ ^ C tt * N Ci cr Ci c s. P \X a ^ I *. ; ?;:• /' I have the honor to report the violent death yester- day at Dessie, Ethiopia, of the Dedjazmatch V/olde Selas- I sie, the only surviving uncle on the paternal side of His Majesty, King Tafari Makonnen* The Dedjazmatch Y/olde Selassie was one of the clos- est and most intimate advisers of the King* He was the principal one of the King^s officers sent north from Addis Ababa in connection with the rebellion reported in • 30jB of December 14th, 19E9, and in the Legation's No previous despatches. He left here a few days ago by airplane for Dessie (170 miles north of Addis Ababa) to obtain O. jg ; > - "— '9~ — ■ -^ - — — — tmmt I ■ ■ ■ mtt^fm^mm ■ "^ '."".iSCi;* ''iS - 2 - obtain and bring back to the King the reply of the rebels to certain proposals for surrender made to them. Yester- day morning he prepared to leave Dessie on the return to Addis Ababa by His Majesty* s Junkers airplane. Accord- ing to reports so far available the plane crashed from a few meters height Just after the take-off. The gasoline supply failed. One wing and side of the plane were bad- ly smashed. Wolde Selassie's head was crashed against the interior of the cabin and a concussion resulted which caused his death last night. No other occupants of the plane received more than mild injuries. The German pilot of the crashed plane and the body of the dead Ethiopian came back to Addis Ababa this morn- ing by one of the King's French airplanes. A great and highly emotional funeral service was held this afternoon at one of the principal churches of Addis Ababa. The church and environs were massed with perhaps fifty thous- and officers, troops, and others. The King, Ras Kassa, and other members of the royal family were present in the typical Ethiopian mourning attire. They stood in great groups on the stone steps surrounding the circular church in order that their tears and lamentations might be fully observed by the assembled chieftains, and by the great numbers of the deceased officer's household who marched round and round the church intermingling with their weep- ing and keening the ancient dirge and weird drum and bamboo flute music which accompany such occasions. The deceased 'I I A ii . •i ■dr^^J^U > *-i" - 3 - 'A deceased could not have helped being proud of the mani- festation which was in full compliance and sympathy with ancient and impressive Ethiopian funereal tradition and custom* The Diplomatic Corps attended in a body at 5:00 P*M. to express condolences, and then departed to leave the ceremonies continue their day and night long course. No other foreigners were asked or admitted to the church. Conspicuous was the absence of the Empress or of any of the high ranking members of Her Imperial Majesty* s Court • \/hether this has any political significance will not develop until later. It is rumored that rela- tions between the Empress and the King have lately again become strained. There is a report today that the King will take the body of his uncle to the paternal province of Harrar for burial* The Legation doubts the report and is of the opinion that the King would be most indiscreet to leave Addis Ababa at this time in view of the rising tide of political feeling growing out of His Majesty^s relations with the Empress and the rebellion in the north. The King doubtless grieves sincerely over the demise of his uncle, but he must thoroughly and ostentatiously emphas- ize such grief to impress the older Ethiopians who have in recent years accused His Majesty of a tendency to abandon the ancient and much loved traditions and cus- toms of Ethiopia. ''^H •^ The y » t - 4 - The dead man was the only surviving brother of Has Makonnen, many years deceased. Meikonnen was the father of King Taf ari and with the Emperor Menelek •was one of the two greatest Ethiopians of the brilliant period from 1890 to 1910 when the then disintegrating Empire was re- *TtB> built. Wolde Selassie was only fifty four but at that age had reached the ranks of the grey-beards, or "elder statesmen^ who invariably influence the Royal Court of Ethiopia and whose advice and opinions usually take pre- cedence over those of younger and perhaps more able men. Age in Ethiopia is always greatly deferred to and credit- ed with superior wisdom. The dead man held appointment as Governor of most of the turbulent Ogadon province but spent much time in Addis Ababa beside the throne of King Taf ari to whom he was a most trusted adviser. The loss to the King in a political and military way will be great, but how great remains yet to be learned. The deceased Dedjazmatch was not a particularly able man but he was of the RoyeQ. Family and was within the halo of brilliant prestige built up by Ras Makonnen. The death of Wolde Selassie in an airplane will also bring additional difficulty and worry to the King. As the Department has been informed in many despatches from the Legation the introduction of airplanes into the country had long been prevented by. the older Ethiopians. The King practically forced his will upon the Empress, and upon the grey-beards socalled, by the importation i during the current year of three French and one German planes. i •^ ^itc - 5 - I planes. That his owji and closest paternal relative should have been the first to be killed in an airplane accident will be capitalized by the older Ethiopians with much wagging of heads, reiteration of "I told you so", and other manifestations to which will be given a political as well as social and moral complexion if possible. Superstition and other related emotions will run rife for a while but the King with his typical good luck, aided by an inherent astuteness, may be able to nullify them to an important extent. Ethiopian custom requires forty days mourning in connection with the death of so near and important a relative, during which period the mourner withdraws from all worldly affairs ♦ This places the King in another dilemma* All official business passes through his hands. His withdrawal for forty days might con- ceivably bring about a more or less chaotic condition in governmental administration under the circumstan- ces* Incidentally our Lake Tsajia conference was scheduled to begin in another ten days and will be in- definitely delayed should the King find himself forced by circumstances to adhere to the traditional period of mourning* The Legation is of the opinion that he will find some way out, but whatever His Majesty may be able to do under the circumstances the progress of all official business will be seriously delayed. The cause of the airplajie accident is also the source of many ugly rumors. My German colleague says that he has Just had a very confidential report from >-*'* I - 6 - from the pilot of the crashed plane that the accident was caused undoubtedly by sabotage either on the part of rebel sympathizers in Dessie, or by Instigation of the King's enemies either within or without the party of the Empress* An American aviator now here says the accident resulted from failure properly to warm the engine before taking off* The German pilot will, of course, be anxious to establish an exculpation and his story to his Minister may be so motivated regardless of what he may believe to be the facts* Also my German colleague is often in- clined to alarmist opinions and conclusions* However, he is the most reliable source of information so far available to this Legation and record is therefore made of his strictly confidential statements in the connec- tion* Further report will be made as developments may seem to warrant* '\ 1 /-^ I have the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient servant. ♦;--t^ ,»? \ ^ -V r ^^ Ho. 82 DiplOBnatlc. I ,fc, — - . — AMERICAN LEGATION ADI8 ABABA. j DEPABTBtBHT OF STActJ^ '^'^ DIVISION OF '^ MFAR EASTERN AFFAIRS M C^. 1 ^' c 1 I STTBJ^.CT: r .3 %" AUCtUST 26,1910. ?''^^0flNFO«*^^^ Acknowledgment of "CTiroTilar Inatruotion: "Personnel of Foreign Ca'binets". ^ ABSTRACT: TransiTilts list of Abyseinian Cabinet l!lni8ters. s TEE HCITOHABIJ: TRE SECRR'^AOT CF STATE, TASHinfi-^on N .••; i \ ■-: Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of the Department's Circular Instruction of June 22,191C(File Ho. 24298) .Tersonnel of Foreign Cabinets". I beg to add hereto the personnel of Emperor Kenellk's present 'Jablnet, together with the dates of their appoint- 2: nient , and to sttte that I will promptly report any changes In that body as they may occur. * Raa Betuedded TdssamiLa, Regent. Appointed July 10,1909. The Fitourari Abta rreorglua , . . . .l,:inister of War. Appointed October 26,1907. ns The riegadiras Tigazou, I-:inister for Foreign Affairs. Appointed Karch 28,1910. 1 A ^-■Jt The Nepediras Tlaile Georglua... yiinister of Commerce. Apiointed L.arch 28,1910. Ded Jaz Katarr.a, Minister of the Interior. Appointed October 26,1907. The "Bejerond Mulu Geta, ?.Iini8ter of Finance. Appointed October 26,1907. 4 A££adJ -2- AzzadJ luttcheeha, linister of the Falace. Appointed Jane 15,191C. The Aufa Jlegua Stephannos , . . . • luinister of Justice. Appointed June 1,1909. Kanteba Tolde "^adik, I.'inister of Agriculture. Appointed October 26,1907. Lij Byana, !.:inister of Post and Telegraph Appointed ::ay 13,1910. AzzadJ Iiiatafaria, I.inister of Public '^orks. Appointed April 15.1910. Alaka Gabra Sellaeee, linister of the Great Seal. Appointee October 26,1907. '10 i 1 have the honor to be. Sir, Your obedient servant. Vice Consul Genersl. ^ \^ ^ No. 83 :)iplomatlB. Q\ 37. AMERICAN LEGATIODr.<;) ADIS ABABA 'it- \ \9U •^. DEFABTMaWT OP 'on/f mfo^ LN«' STATE, SUBJECT: .^!i^ EASTERN °^ ASfUARY 9.1911 AFFAIRS ■•^T*''-' .«-»**" Change In Personnel of Ethiopian Ga"bln THE HOTTORABLE THE SECRETARY OF STATE ^vASHirrrr'^ON. ir: Referring to the Department's Ciroular Instruction of June 22, 1910, "Personnel of Foreign Cabinets", and my Ho.82fDiplomatio) , of August 26,1913. ^ ' A /■; 'geprTo^-^ :v u/ ' i -^^ ^f < JUN AOI8 ABABA ^ '" r f J''f I •'.'>/ .,. '"'^^^»N^oRNl^x^f 5i K :dAY 23.191 «? r*^ SUBJECT: ^ N Change In Personnel of EtM|$piiUB O^j^inet. £^ ■V •i7;-V^' IS .'\ THE HONORABLE TH^ SECRETAHY OF STATE, WASHIHGTOK. Sir: Referring to the Department's Circular Inatruction of June 22.1910, "^Personnel of Foreign Cabinets'' , I have the honor to report that the Negadiras Yigazou, Klinister for Foreign Affairs, has today been appointed Minister of Finance in connection with the duties of his former office I bep* to state that it was expected that the ITegadi- ras Haile Georgius, ilinister of Commerce, would receive the office of llinister for Foreign Affairs, but recent dissension among the Ministers has caused some delay, the same will probably take place in the near future* The former Tinister of finance, The Belerond Ic'ulu Oeta, has been deposed from the Llinistry but still retains the Gorernorship of I^aguara, a small state in the province of Kaffa, to which he wil] soon return. I have the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient servant. ^ ,---> y / -? ^ / r- / i: (f Vice Consul General* Ho. 85 Diplomatio. 77 JL/^^^:^ • r AMERICAN legation; ADIS ABABA. ^ A-tv , f f-U? SITBJKCT: Change in Personnel of Abyssinian Cabinet. THE HONOHABLK >l THE SKCRETAHY OF STATE, WASHINGTON Sir: X. Referring to the Department's Circular Instruction of June 22,1910, ^Personnel of Foreig^n Cabinets^, I have the honor to report that the following changes were made in the Abyssinian Cabinet on Sunday July 23: Guniasmatch Afa Work, formerly an under secretary, was appointed i^inister of Post and Telegraph, to succeed Li J Byana;- Fitourari Ipsa was appointed Bejerond (Treasurer), to succeed the Negadiras Yigazou as I^inister of Finance;* AzadJ Mandafra was dismissed as Klnister of the Palace and the office given to AzadJ Ashanaf i , who was formerly a steward in the Emperor's kitchen. LiJ Byana and the Negadiras Yigazou were, as reported in my No. 59 (Consular series), imprisoned on July 15 and it is expected that the former will soon be sent to a prison at l^agdela and the latter to Guma where he will be guarded by the Negus Abajufare of that province^ providing their release can not be obtained* 10 CD I have the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient servant. Vice Consul General. ^ f S.' ^^^A^^y',^ ^h Ho, 86 Diplomat io. o AMERICAN LEGATION ADIS ABABA. > I '■p 3 ^J^^ MSTFRN AFMIRS JULY 27.1911. SUBJECT: Change in Personnel of Abyssinian Cabinet. ^R^ HONORABLE TH^. SECRETARY OF STATE WASHIUCxTOB. Sir In further reference to the Department's Circular Instruction of June 22 ,191C /^Personnel of Foreign Cabinets'', I have the honor to report that this office was today noti- fied by the Crown Prince, Li J Yassu, that the Hegadiras Haile ^Teorgius was appointed, yesterday, the 26th instant, to the office of ^''ini8ter for foreign Affairs, to succeed the ileradiras Yigazou. The Uegadiras Haile Georgius was appointed to the office of yinister for Foreign Affairs and of Conmeroe by Emperor Itienelik, in October 1907, he was later dismissed through the influence of the Queen and again appointed, on ilarch 28,1910, to the latter office which he has since held- CD r^ ^ ^o I have the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient servant. f Vice Consul General. E82 r. ***• fri%'*' - : 'i ' ..o"f ' V ' J • '^ AMERICAN CONSULATE, AcLen, Arabia, OctolDer 26, 1927. ^A*i^'- V- ^i l~l : liLevation of the Ethiopian Foreign Affairs Administration. V ^/ f (J^^ E HONbR able" °^ 8 1 '^ :: i; 1 . n r -HE. Secretary of State// WashWgton Sir: I have the honor to enclose oopTes-o-f a report from ^ LIr. Be-^inok, British Llinister at Allis Ababa, to the Foreign Of floe, sent confident ially to this Consulate under a personal r- note, describing the elevation of Ras Tafari^s Foreign Secret- aryship to a Director Generalship ajid the replacement of y Berhana Llaroos by Belata Her6ui, who has received the distinct- ive title of "Belaten Grheta." Belata ^leroui had not coue into proninenoe for some years prior to his appointment in August as Director General of Foreign Affairs. He it was, I am told, v/ho headed the special Ethiopian Llission to liTashington soon after the v/ar, and who Iiad expressed dissatisfaction with the manner in which the American public seemed inclined to regard him and his party. At all events, the now Belaten Gheta is regarded by most foreigners in Ethiopia as a r.-an of outstanding intelligence, although I have no reason to suppose that he excels or even ecuals his predecessor, Berhana llarcos, in this respect. It r 1 1^' - ^ oo O >i-Ai^' < -2- c It is possit)le tliat Belaten Gheta is valued "by the Prince Regent for his relative reliability. Ras Tafari's greatest adLministrative problem is to find trustworthy men to share ■■ourcLen of Government, whloh, up to the present, he has been oompellecL largely to shoulder himself* This a oharaoteristlo of suoh oountri.es apparently, since Ilr. Rey, author of "Unoonquered Abyssinia" informed me that the Regent expressed to him his Aespair at his inability to find a simple man to i%om a divison of Government oould be confidently delegated. The same condition exists in Yemen, the if iDUua having verbally informed the Consulate's clerk that/he had two good men wlio oould be trusted, he would fear nothing. As it is, he lias every detail of administration in his own hands, and was lately reported to be steadily losing his grip. Belata Heroui (the name by which he is still referred to, and by which he is lilcely to be known for some time) is personally an attractive man, to Judge from all reports, and is certainly popular. Addis Ababa unofficial folk, contrary to Ilr. Bentinok's officially doubtful, attitude, are very fond of him and regard his assign-^^.ent to his present important post as a positive blessing to the country, whose vexed foreign relations have not been made any less complicated by Ato Sahle Sadelou, the pro-French tubercular predecessor of Berhana llqrooa. Belata Heroui »s popularity is further attested by the story of his public parade following his appointuent, his genial face beamin i « un- der his shiny top liat in response to the plaudits of themultitude. Our little American colony speak of him almost with affection. Ilr. « m n ' r; t n " "- V,. •^> -3- I2r, Bentinclc's reserve may "be due to the fact that the maji will not eat of his hand, altho\igh I have no definite support for suoh a oonjeoture. Berhana Llaroos returns to his postmaster ship, whioh, as far as I can determine, he handled as efficiently as any one could. It is uoneoessary to consider the fact that parcels, if attractive to postal employees, usually disappear or that ir- responsible Ethiopians remove large sections of ooi^per telephone wire to ma]:e "bangles for their wives. These things must happen, and pro"ba"bly vfill continue to happen, until Ethiopia as a nation sees the great light. Berhajia Llaroos, I still thinlc, is one of the tv/o men referred to "by the Imam: Belata Heroui is the other. • • - The feeling in enlightened Addis Aba"ba q.uarters appears to be that this change is a further mark of Ras Tafari's incraesing strength. His Highness seems less and less compelled to defer to the Cueen and her adlierents in pov/er. His a"bility to select a relatively good uian tjT this most importaat post seems to reflect his increasing pov/er to rjge his own Judgment and act according to his ov/n discretion. The other persoiiailities referred to LIr. Bentinolc are no dou'bt of interest, but I am unable to comment upon them. They appear to be :f v.i.rtloular Britich interest, and althoi^i. they might adorn a tale they seem at present to point no moral. I have the honor to be, Sir, Your obedie y Enclosure: American Vice Consul. Copy of LIr. Bentinok's To. 275 of August 26, 1927. File :To. 800.2 I < I t COIY llo. 275. Addis Ababa, August 26, 1927. Sir: ^ c I have the honor to report that Belata Herui has Just been made "Director General of Foreign Affairs". He has also received the title of "Belaten Gheta", or "Lord of the Leained Ifen", which is so to speak a higher grade of Belata. I "understand that he will occupy a considerably more important position than that recently occupied by Ato Berhana Marcos and that he is to be looked upon as a Foreign Minister and to take some of this v/ork off the shoulders of Ras Taffari. V/hether he will really have any initiative or dare to take any responsibi- lity remains to be seen. Hitherto in my dealings with him I have found him merely a messenger of Ras Taffari who did not alv/ays deliver the message correctly. The appointment has not come as a surprise to me, for several months ago Belata Eerui had himself given ae a hint as to the possibility of something of the kind. So far as he is "pro" anything, I fancy he is pro-British since he v/ishes his sons and his daughter to aoq.uire the benefits of a British education. My personal relations with him used to be very good, but I have been somewhat dis- . appointed in him lately. Unfortimately his English is very poor and he knov/s no French, so that an interpreter is necessary when talking to him, which is a great disadvantage. I cannot but regret it if 4to Marcos will now return to the Directorship of Posts and Telegraphs and I think my colleagues : J / The Rt. Hon. Sir Austen Chamberlain, K. C. Etc. Etc. Etc. -2- c oollea^ea v/ill share nor regrets. I hear, hov/ever, that Belata Herxii is trying to persuade him to continue at the Foreign Office to assist him. Ato Marcos loaows French well and has a quick intellect and on several occasions I have found him "better V a"ble to shoulder responsibility and to give straight answers than Has Taffari himself. Besides, he appeared even to dalre to express an opinion or to give advice to Ras Taffari* He found, hov/ever, the v/ork of Secretary of Foreign Office far too strenuous and is, I understand, glad to retuim to the Post Office, Biographical notes on Belata Herui and Ato Marcos v/ill "be foiand under Section 4 of the llotes enclosed in my despatch Ho. 144 Confidential of May 25, last. Some time ago I suggested to Ato Marcos that it might help matters along if secretaries were appointed to deal / especially v/ith the different Legations. As the v/ork v/ith His Majesty ^s legation v/as more than that v/ith all the other Legations put together, things become, I said, congested when one man tried to deal with us and v/ith the other Legations as well* Ato Marcos tells me that a decision in this sense has now been taken* -p J' Zaudey Tadessa who knows English and is at present with the Boraiia frontier commission is, on his return, to devote himself •ilirely to matters concerning His Majesty's Legation. He is a personal friend of our interpreter, Ato Wolde Biorghis, now on the v;ay to Creneva as interpreter, is to be the secretary to deal v/ith the Italian Legation, and Ato Tesfai, who speaks French and v/as foiraerly interpreter at the French Legation, is to deaO. v/ith the French Legation. De Jazmach ■] 'I .; P -*^.' \ • I -3- ^ I Dejazmaoii Asafa has been made Governor of llajl and Goldiya in the stead of Bitwodded Getatohu (section 3 of ray report on personalities), Ato lylaroos tells me that the Bitwodded had too many Provinces to look after. According to Belata Herui, Dejaoh Asafa is a personal friend of his and likely to make a good Gk)vemor of Ma^i. Belata assured me that he himself is fully aware of the necessity of good Grovemors "being appointed to the Provinces on our frontiers. The new Grovernor of Maji v/as at one time Governor of Ankober« In 1921 he was sent to lloyale to settle a dispute regarding the Gadaduma wells, I understand that my predecessor was satisfied v/ith the settlement. Another appointment is that of Fituarari Aragai to be Minister of Justice (Afanagus) in the place of Dejaoh Katauna. The Fituarari was Representative of Ras Taffari at V^ollo, He is an old man and has a reputation for ^ust decisions, but he is not lil:ely to have much to do with British concerns. Dejach Katsuna has resigned oh account of age (see section 2 of personalities). I sun forwarding a copy of this despatch to Khartoum. I have the honor to be with the highest respect. Sir, Your most obedient humble servant, (Signed) C, H. Bentinok. t i /" DOCUMENT FILE NOTE SEE §3A±9.91.1%tM.iJ.ll FOR §16. \ ^ ^ FROM .^?.y?«i?.l:» — . (.... SpMi^M ) DATED --Q0.t„Sa.JL?i9. TO 1— 11S7 OPO NAME REGARDING: r \ cc Understanding of Xthlopian oMcftalns iAk> n&da poasible the ^^ ooron&tlon of Tafarl at King of Xthlopia that they would be \\\ moniuerB of a real cabinet headed by Bas Eassa as Prime Mini 0- ter* ^ "Jfel. ■ -rh'W.iwilMli'ii *ii>^'- ' K^% ^^. e«a«»U0 o«t»bsy tmt IMS* ( ^« T6* TIMI HtttMmU* ?!• DmmHn t n%ft%9» \ sivi X taav* %lM In MM|%lHlli^%l4MI #f 9|^ OMpilMl^ «Mi» Vt Of o«%«Mr B^f 19M» to mdmlt %ht fiXitvtag oa Mrlftia fte •r His jAjMiort i^A^iwi \ KUtt Bi«Hlt n«df» pstttttUay AttA H«lr %• «M tla«ai mf tmUt^U* jui isAiMitoA ia %te •r iMsB IMfc ^^ tott «•• tefiaittly iirtiii «r ll» WUm to ttit •¥§•%• PiipumtlMHi iMiiif toiMftoPSf to to lato •ad •^ and tint llk«» w^rm bersljr flnlslMid in tl2»« Dy %h* arrivmX la XXjm ttm tba oovoafttlon of tiM a^lcHb^ylae o«f»niMrft of i^vltaPMv rxtKooli !;oMdllftiidt and British roMdlilajidt f«sp*«tiiF«ly« ThMN ii«r» no ottMr tpiMial. did«fi%Mi to thm 90imm%%iam altlMUfli it is 9VOtebI« thit tms^ ' mpop t a a o^^rtraaMite « and '.gypt, woulA teT* wiat sr?#oial r«pro0#at«tiTM bad %bmt% b«Mi tiiaa* suah i« thtt int«n»tional rl^palrf for Kthioplan f^Tor* Thtro d«Y«X«pod ajrcMBMit and oeaaidorfiblo joaXousy ai^«tiio proo«d«BjM ttaane tba coloalal ooraraom praaont* lia '^ovanMsr of ^muMh ".onaliXaiid ia tha sanioTt in leaal r?-^ aarriaat of tlia tluraa praaaat* HawaraoTf H« !• oairmdo <:oii» G OTOg a o f oanaral of ?:rit3P«a» alaliaad laraaod— — oa ^aoount of haTine prarioualy boon imdar ~aarataxy of rtata for jolonlaa In 'ona. -a ^Biinad hia point smah to Xim o^A^in of tha raa^ vho ^r^ uartioularly annoyad vith ttia Itallana otar tha raaaatly nacatiatad 3talo» ^\ thloplan troatj prarioaaly raportad upon at laoftb fvon thia offiaa* Tba TVaath 3«v«nMr sot tba Britla]i ooTamor tliird plaaa* Tliia pXaaa and bals of iiorta to Tranah pridiat aa» nazt to that of tha Ttaliaaa» thay ;at tha ^ritiah aatiTilQT ia [Ethiopian affiULra« Thia aituatiatt add*d iatofaat to tha oaoaaien for tha mara or laaa nautral ohaarvar auah aa sQraalf • Ttiara haa durias tha paat fav vaalca baan a laiairlraliia riaa of Italiaa praati^a and influaiiaa in \ddia /tbabft oaiac ^im^»».m.i *'ir^ 3* ItKllaji •ttitate ef IImi laiqiMB^Mi anA tlit p«rt|r of fion«Xok« Tbt iooisd ovor tbo I toIo^Ktliiopion ts^oaty» &o voyorlod D#9pllk%0H ^O^Uit 0%ll9 l9iSSi 4Bub%Io«o tMTOiig^t About ttm oltHAtioft whioh XOOHltOd 1b tho oiKNoUas of 'mnurl as :;ia6* '^ixi loapvooo dooo&*t oai« fti&A idPotoobly doo«a*t tbiak adoh about tho aattor &• hor llfo is siootXi' doTOto4 \o fXi^iAnm T^t hor fo2JLO«oro do tmttk about It aad probRbX^r hoYO attalaod to iaoraaood r«io«BtBWEit and diaroopoot of itaXlana if «uob bo pooolblo* Ufiwovort undor t2io pvooont turn of ov^siito thoar aro li^potont* tafiuri la in tho oaddio and a,^i4irontly lot aad tDo Xatoly oroatod Ixis la eupvome a« an opport^n* lat* It la diffloalt to Imclno tbat hla naroh to tho tlUKHQO of TJ^pofOir oan b« at^pod« !!!• own povor and foIloolJig la UUtkly orffuiisod. It la porhapa at praaont a minorltgr In lUBiborot but tbo opi^oaltioa la not ort^aalaod nM baa BO loadam «ho oaa approaob "^farl in Intollleaaoo .ind ablXltF* 1^ far as I oaa loara tbo larloua fovol^ aororaioato roi^rooouiod b«ro oaro tbo Aoaan of ooroaatloa slfto to *!•» la isaj^^aty* I» Tloir of abat I uadorataad t» bo %tm iiopartaaat* a attlUite la auob saattors r haro aado no i-oooaatadatloaa at to a proooat* a proa«it to bo approolatod by .^tkiaplaa royalty siuat boo bo oaa of ooaaldorabXo mlao* Hla >^*«V»«^««fiv a* / lliM taiiJoiilQr aonrvrvtA 4»a«niticuui of tte Ord^ro ef %o ftijtuwiianiito>» on ih» ▼«rlmMi !i«cxds of Le^tlQ&c and tluiljr staftiB a^ u.^«^tlrc V'«t» from tbo orlOfttal «C4' of lookij:^ ftt sattsre vtiloii ^nrfello Loroy our pr irOti^ h&£ oet booa eiJjL£:co£ l-y tho alrouaftt«.a«M of tho ooronation of Xx^e Ta cjrl* '»one tUi reasons for a ^rctmbXe dl;;xdL2^ of U« h\c%v of our Xtrootlgo woro our raiXuro to axf Qr^e&&iiYi» prtieonts r>r doeoratloiu. { our InablXitiy to ac^jopt la 'iijeaty Xim daoontious offsrod aXX otlusrai our iriBibiXlty to voar a dsftsXiziC usiifoxfei of tbo i»ort or;i:uuj&utliic t'lO poraojofi of ottimr r«pro«oatatiT08 f^yA t/hioh 1 iprooa ttio « > thXopian pubXio as notkiae oXso doss; our inablXity to attonA ths vmrloiis funotioas aitd ]€irec^nloa in a handsOMt ;:^t9r oar att««dsd bgr ths isaXXoping onTaXryzion la rospisad«iit dross uhXdh ars laalateinod for suoh i^arposMi by ths ottisr ijooatioass our imbiXit^* to sffsar slsbcrati MOoiaX SBtsrtaljnsat for whl^ otlisr offlslaX rapr4is«atft* •0- moA turn imtmtUKt gimte of mtv r^lj^iOMttt zttiilc m oottpunMl with llMi% •f %te Mi^rMmtfttiYM of otter Gontroaimte saiatftimlag ui^atioiis la ^dUUU Abu be • iiobftbly mm% of thtoo aottoro ooaaot bo bol^d* Btoy oro aiiitlono4 aAialy to o«olst tho DopoTtEiMi»t In eotiMitiag and opproolatliiff iooal YlovpolAt* I obtain from o roosoaobXy aut^rltotlvo oouj-oo Inf onaa tloa whl^ vlU p02^3apo oouoo tlio 41«0Nfli of ^oirorxBattot CElTaa with ay Dospat^ r:o« 50 of Juno Xttli« 1928, to bo ^hoASOd in ooBt roopooto* Tho latorlor aad oorot oounolla thoroln ougeostod will* uzidor tbo mm arraaomonty boocMO a ^ort of r:u9r«iaa Gounoll vith tho HMprooat tho Klasi oad naa Eaaaa aa zaflabora* I hoar tb&t fi doomoat baa boan dnnm up botaoon thoao tluroo to pioTldo that tho !.lng will tako mo action uKtlX tho riXkjyrmm oomioll shall haro iinawtmottnly a^rood 4*^ hoiild thla bo truo it oay ooan that :im TaJ'arl^a aov titlo of lo^saat lonipotontlary la aot aa roal aa It soiiBda. nut no aioro than oonjooturo oan bo ando at pi-oaont* Tbaro la alao fairly rollablo ruaor tbav tho t thloplan ohloftalna who aado poaolblo tbo coronation of turnrl did ao wl^ tho uadorataxiAlng that ho vauld lator totm an aotual aad roal oablnot haadod by ana K3aaaa aa Triam Mlalator* mora la at proaont a aabiniot in naaoi or on papor* But tho i^tlnlatoro art aoro flgarohoada and bayo had pmotlonlly no poaor and ■r ^•otionlly OMi|^ pnMUaaUj ao fuastUns otter than mrtjXnB out tbi « tthtM ttJNI ft '» pl»«i of Mm abooittto aoaiMlqr sow rullas* m offoot X iMifo boon lafOmod ooBflAoatlolIy by aono i^tbiopUao ot Influoiitlol pooltlott 13mt tlioir oupport has boon ei^^^i^) to 'mflurl on tlio inpllod uadorstandlag Vtm% ho voald aot bo unojsipotliotio to a novo voprooontatl^vo fotta of eonro- laont* Oao Of tho oldor 9ttdopi«ft ioodonii wiio 2«ui opo&t oono tlao la JSuvoplit Aloplayod la ooaTMraotloa with /^ OVOrULMKlt* alno out of ton of tho proooat roHiig olaoo would rogard thlo as horooy* At aay xato tliavo aro boslnnlag to ahoir la r.tliiopla algzia of tlia tlaoa* '' It Thla partloola^ doroloimiit will tio oloooly follo«oa« Thoro will doubtlooa t}0 a nanbor of latarostlx^ offoota of tho ooioaatloa of TaXairL* But for a fow woaka tlioro will llkoly bo llttlo of a doflalta natura to racord, otbor tbaa tho brlof luppoaalona gliroa la tho proooainc paxag^rapha* :olltloal« and othOTy lo* aooroh la dlffloalt la ^tuiopla bpowioo of ttot abooaoo of offloial itnuiwoMta and of a publlo piroaa whloh la praotloallr ao rollablo lafonaatloa la othor jprlatNL form* $^oat of tho booka wrlttoa on i^thlopla aro tilo rooult # ^: " n ^ ^r% -T- \ _^ r«sult of bri«f aojeumi la tkMi Mfiiatly b]^ pvofitMiiQaiUl vrltors wtia»« of fort 1* to took out tlio op«ot«ralAr «itl vhioh to oatortoln tht pubXio and ooU ttelr boom* /' / iilstorlool» ;>oXitiOftX on4 oooaoMlo 4«to «xo of Xlttlo uoo for titoir purpoooo and avo aoXdoa ohookoA for aoeoraoy vlian obtaiaablo, itiara haa for thaaa roaoawi boaa a taat aiiount of BlalnfbvnAtioin writtan on Ethiopia .raetleally all tho Infonaation wbioh I oolloet !• tha z-aault of long ;)alna taking oral roaoaroh* N Thora la no othar i^rooadura* ?ha !thlopiaiui aro rotloaat in dlaousalng euoh aattara and praotloally no cna io found who haa aaytlilBg approaohlne a oon^Iata idoa and anaX^tla of a slToa altaatioiu miQr paraeai 3iat bo oonliultod oa oaah tople and tha rasalta tabulatad, bo Had ([cmikp and avaraga^* Tnioix tlzaa and patlatiMy aa 1 1 dlaorlalnatiOB bataaan foot and t&naj ra quirad • T liaTO tha honor to ba^ 3ir» Tour obadlaat sanaLBt, ADD Fila NO. 80C.1 .V2s/«id. o ."ipy ^'^ 1 .;>-!. ■-:l ■'•-^' r ,/ \ DOCUMENT FILE NOTE 09^^12/2JL FOR ^1^79^ FROM TO ( »«UttoMP4 ) DATED o«U2J,492^ NAME I— lUT • ro REGARDING: Coxiftrriaf of a dscormtiOB of tho L«cion of loaor \ipoB lolatm (Uiota larotqrilthlppima Director (^mioral of the Ulmittry for foroicn if faira. In connoetloa with framch aotlTitiaA for lalPiliPlff f^anm with the Ithiopiam Ooronuiont. / / mc r*