UN!VE=U"M OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN ILLINOIS HISTORICAL KOHEKT S MOOKE, < OI.ONEF,. HISTORY OF THK EIGHTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, ILLINOIS VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. COMPILED AND PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE REOIMENTAL ASSOCIATION, i>v HENRY J. ATEN, FIRST SKK<}EANT COMIIANY O ; MSMBEK OF THK JSOCIBxr OF THK AKMY OF THE CUMK_KL AND. HIAWATHA. KANSAS. 18O1. , 1901, In the years that have passed since the close of the War of the Rebellion there has been more or less talk among its members of a history of the regiment. Colonel Dilworth gave the subject much attention, and at one time had about decided to undertake the work. He had long commanded the regiment, and was more than ordinarily well equipped for the compilation of such a work, and it is much to be regretted that he did not find time to accom- plish his purpose. Then there were several men in the ranks who kept diaries through the war, some of whom, at least, had the writing of a history of the Eighty-fifth as an end in view. But no definite steps had been taken until the matter was taken up by the Regimental Association. In order that the reader may know how the work was undertaken by the writer, and for the information of those of our comrades who have not enjoyed the privilege of at- tending its reunions, the following short sketch is given of the origin and purpose of the At a meeting of old settlers and ex-soldiers held in Rockwell Park, at Havana, 111., on September 16th, 1885, there were present fifty-six former members of the Eighty-fifth regiment, all of the companies being represented except Company F. At this meeting an organization was formed to be known as the Eighty-fifth Regi- ment Illinois Volunteer Association. The declared purpose of the association was to hold annual reunions on or about the eighth day of October, that being the anniversary of the first battle in which the regiment was engaged, for social enjoyment; for the cultivation of the friendships formed during the trying ordeals of soldier life; for the gathering of material for historic purposes, and for teaching patriotism to the young. The following named comrades were elected officers for the first year: Philip L. Dieffenbacher, commander; David Sig- ley, adjutant; William H. Hole, treasurer; Jacob H. Prettyman, quartermaster; James T. Pierce, commissary, and Joseph S. Bar- wick, chaplain. 58461 v j INTRODUCTION. The association has held a reunion each year since its organi- zation, with an average attendance of sixty-five members. At the annual meeting in 1899 it was decided to hold the next reunion on the third Wednesday in October, 1900, and a motion was adopted authorizing Comrade Henry J. Aten to compile and publish a history of the regiment. At the sixteenth annual meeting held in Havana on the third Wednesday in October, 1900, the association was broadened and its usefulness extended by amending the constitution so as to permit the wives of members to become honorary members of the asso- ciation, and their sons and daughters to become auxiliary mem- bers. At this meeting Havana, Illinois, was selected as the place for holding future reunions, the same to be held on the third Wednesday in October, and the following officers were elected for the ensuing year: A. D. Cadwallader, commander; William H. Hole and David Sigley, vice-commanders; James T. Seay, adju- tant; Thomas C. Eaton, quartermaster, and J. B. Shawgo, trustee of the Kennesaw Mountain Monument Association. When the task of writing a history of the gallant regiment in which it was my good fortune to serve during the War of the Re- bellion, was assigned to me, the trust was accepted with many misgivings. I knew the work would be both delicate and difficult, and after considering various plans, the one worked out in the following pages seemed to promise the best results, and I entered upon the work with such ability as I could command, regardless of the time required or the labor involved. Although present with the regiment every day from its organization until it was dis- banded, I found as the work progressed, my memory in conflict with the official reports, letters written at the time events to be narrated were occurring, and the diary kept by myself throughout the War. In all such cases I have relied upon the written record, believing it to be more trustworthy than mere recollection. Most of the personal incidents which would have enlivened the story have been lost in the years that have passed since the war ended, but it was believed that the official reports, histories of the Civil War, and the memories of leading commanders on both sides could be drawn upon to make up much that had been lost to mem- ory. It also appeared not only appropriate, but necessary, to a proper appreciation of the work accomplished by the regiment, to include a brief outline of the campaigns in which it was engaged, and connect its movements with the larger movements of the bri- INTRODUCTION. Vli. gade, the division, the corps, and the army of which it was a part. This has been attempted, and in the course of compilation, the writer has personally examined every book and paper in the office of the adjutant general at Springfield relating to the Eighty-fifth, the records of the pension office and of the war department at Washington have been searched, and the following authorities have been consulted: The Personal Memoirs of General Grant. The Personal Memoirs of General Sherman. The Personal Memoirs of General Sheridan. A Narrative of Military Service, by General W. B. Hazen. The Life of Gen. George H. Thomas, by Thomas B. Van Home. The American Conflict, by Horace Greeley. The History of the Army of the Cumberland, by Gen. Henry M. Cist. The History of the Army of the Cumberland, by Thomas B. Van Home. Atlanta, and the March to the Sea, by Gen. Jacob D. Cox. The History of the Ninety-sixth Illinois, by C. A. Partridge. The History of the 113th Ohio, by Sergeant F. M. McAdams. The History of the Fifty-second Ohio, by Nixon B. Stewart. The History of the Eighty-sixth Illinois, by John H. Kinnear. McCook's Brigade at Kennesaw, by Captain F. B. James. The Rebellion Records, published by the U. S. Government. A Narrative of Military Operations, by the Confederate Gen- eral, Joseph E. Johnston. Advance and Retreat, by the Confederate General, J. B. Hood. The Life of the Confederate General, N. B. Forrest, by General Thomas Jordan. The narrative has been made impersonal, and the personal sketches have been written with no desire to unduly exalt the per- sonal achievements of anyone. A blank, forwarded to every mem- ber of the regiment whose address could be ascertained, in many instances failed to elicit a reply. Such should not complain if they find their personal sketches deficient, although the writer made every effort to complete them. The work was undertaken as a labor of love, with no expectation of pecuniary reward, and with the entire edition sold, the copy retained by the writer will be the most expensive. Cherishing the memory of every old comrade, whether living or dead, proud of the fact that it was my privilege to be associated. viii. INTRODUCTION. with them through an heroic epoch, this work is submitted with the hope that it may awaken proud recollections in the breast of an old comrade; that it may make a son's heart exult at the sight of a father's name, and inspire him to unselfish and patriotic effort, and, above all, that it may help reveal and establish the truth, from which none of the brave men of the Eighty-fifth have anything to fear. The writer has made no effort to meet the re- quirements of critics, but has written for those who, by experience or sympathy, can enter into the spirit which actuated the volun- teer soldier in the war for the Union. And if the book shall meet the approval of surviving comrades, their friends, and the friends of those deceased, I shall feel amply rewarded for my labor. To all the comrades who have aided in the work I return cor- dial thanks, and it gives me pleasure to acknowledge my obliga- tions for information furnished to General I. N. Reece, adjutant general of Illinois, and his courteous office force, to the Hon. H. Clay Evans, commissioner of pensions, and to General R. A. Alger, secretary of war. HENRY J. ATEN. Hiawatha, Kansas, February 1st, 1901. xrf tihianrje Swhstritors. No. Copies. 1. MRS. CARRIE A. PRENT1SS, Burlington, N. J. 1. COLONEL R. S. MOORE, Littleton, Colo. 2. WILLIAM A. DILWORTH, Omaha, Neb. 3. GEORGE E. RIDER, Fort Smith, Ark. 4. DR. PHILIP L. DIEFFENBACHER, Havana, 111. 1. THOMAS STEVENS, Hiawatha, Kan. 1. DR. GILBERT W. SOUTHWICK, 1213 Bath St., Santa Barbara, Cal. 2. COLONEL JAMES R. GRIFFITH, Kenosha, Wis. 1. MRS. JOSEPH S. BARWICK, Virginia, 111. 1. COLONEL ALLEN FAHNESTOCK, Glasford, Peoria County, 111. 3. LIEUT. ISAAC W. CHATFIELD, 514 21st Avenue, Denver, Colo. 1. O. L. RIDER, Vinita, Indian Territory. 1. N. L. RIDER, Vinita, Cherokee Nation, Indian Territory. 1. MRS. O. H. HARPHAM, Havana, 111. 1. SAMUEL JONES, ,Mason City, 111. 10. LIEUTENANT D. L. MUSSELMAN, Quincy, 111. 1. PHILIP CLINE, Harrisonville, Mo. 1. JOSEPH A. MATES, Naron, Pratt County, Kan. i. WILLIAM MCLAUGHLIN, Manito, in. 1. DAVID P. BLACK, Manito, 111. 1. LEVI S. ANNO, Kingston, Hunt County, Texas. 1. ROBERT PRINGLE, Hot Springs, South Dakota. 1. JOHN W. ALYEA, Kingfisher, Oklahoma. 1. WILLIAM T. LANGSTON, Abilene, Kan. 1. BENJ. F. KRATZER, Soldiers' Home, Los Angeles, Cal. 2. THOMAS C. EATON, Havana, 111. 1. ALONZO F. KREBAUM, Duncan's Mills, 111. 1. JESSE BAILOR, Bard, Louisa County, Iowa. 2. STEPHEN B. NOTT, Lewlstown, 111. 1. CHARLES T. KISLER, Havana, 111. 2. MASSENA B. NOTT, Lewistown, 111. 1. ANDREW J. OPYDKE, Cayton, Shasta County, California. 2. LIEUTENANT A. D. CADWALLADER, Lincoln, 111. 1. WILLIAM B. WINCHELL, Lewistown, 111. 1. WILLIAM H. MITCHELL, 5941 Princeton Avenue, Chicago, 111. 1. JAMES S. CHESTER, Easton, Mason County, 111. 4. DAVID SIGLEY, Havana, 111. 1. FRANCIS N. CHESTER, Teheran, Mason County, 111. 2. BENJAMIN F. SCOVILL, McKenzie, North Dakota. 2. FRANK BLANCHARD, Havana, 111. 1. JOHN C. WILSON, Elk Creek, Johnson County, Neb. 1. JOHN L. PHELPS, Cadams, Nuckolls County, Neb. 1. JOHN R. NEVILL, Kincaid, Anderson County, Kan. 1. JACOB S. DEW, Tecumseh, Neb. x . UST OF ADVANCE SUBSCRIBERS. No. Copies. 1. ISAAC LAYMAN, Dewey, 111. 1. GRANVILLE MADISON, Blue Springs, Gage County, Neb. 1. JOHN SIZELOVE, Calispell, Stevens County, Washington. 1. WILLIAM RHINEDERS, Rice Lake, Barron County, Wis. 2. JOSEPH B. CONOVER, Kilbourn, Mason County, 111. 1. NEWTON C. PATTERSON, Mason City, 111. 1. CHARLES L. HAMILTON, Carlinville, 111. 1. WILLIAM D. CLOSE, Forest, Woods County, Oklahoma. 1. CAPTAIN P. S. SCOTT, Petersburg, 111. 4. JAMES T. SEAT, Havana, 111. 1. JAMES FERGUSON, Petersburg, 111. 1. HENRY SUTTON, Havana, 111. 1. JAMES LYNN, Mason City, 111. 1. WILLIAM SPILLMAN, Spring Bay, 111. 1. HENRY AMSLER, Pontiac, 111. 1. MATTHEW L. WRIGLt, f, Alvaretta, Woods County, Oklahoma. 1. JAMES F. BURT, Litchfleld, 111. 1. JOHN LIVINGSTON, Bushnell, 111. 2. CAPTAIN H. S. LA TOURRETTE, Winchester, 111. 1. GEORGE COOPER, Summum, 111. 3. JOHN ATEN, Astoria, 111. 1. LEWIS P. WRIGHT, Enion, Fulton County, 111. 2. DR. JOSEPH B. SHAWGO, Quincy, 111. 1. JOHN THOMPSON, Oilman City, Harrison County, Mo. 1. PERRY W. CLUPPER, Salem, Jewell County, Kan. 1. JOHN N. PARR, Summum, Fulton County, 111. 1. HENRY SHIELDS, Centralia, Lewis County, Washington. 1. WILLIAM H. McLAREN, Canton, 111. 1. THOMAS B. ENGLE, Coburg, Montgomery County, Iowa. 1. JOEL A. BARNES, Summum, 111. 1. CAPTAIN JAMES T. McNEIL, Table Grove, 111. 1. GEORGE B. McCLELLAND, Plymouth, Hancock County, 111. 1. SAMUEL THOMPSON, Lamar, Barton County, Mo. 2. HENRY C. SWISHER, Lyndon, Osage County, Kansas. 1. GEORGE H. WETZEL, Lewistown, 111. 1. WILLIAM C. HUDNALL, Astoria, 111. 1. JAMES P. ADDIS, Linden, Cleveland County, Oklahoma. 2. WALTER HUDNALL, San Antonio, Texas. 1. CHARLES DUNCAN, Duncan's Mills, 111. 1. DR. HENRY H. WILSON, Lewistown, Fergus County, Montana. 2. MARTIN K. DOBSON, Lewistown, 111. 1. JOHN R. POWELL, Sheldon's Grove, 111. 1. ANDERSON JENNINGS, Wister, Choctaw Nation, Indian Ter. 1. WILLIAM LANDON, Ponca City, Kay County, Oklahoma. 1. JOHN LAPOOL, Laclede, Cabell County, W. Va. 1. JOHN WATSON, 807 Millman Street, Peoria, 111. 1. CHARLES G. MATTHEWS, Renfrew, Grant County, Oklahoma. 1. LEONIDAS COLLINS, St. John, Putnam County, Mo. 1. WILLIAM SEVERNS, Clayton, St. Louis County, Mo. 1. JOHN B. PALMER, Orondo, Douglass County, Washington. 1. WILLIAM BECK, Rogers, Benton County, Ark. UST OF ADVANCE SUBSCRIBERS. XI. No. Copies. 1. SEBASTIAN G. BLUMENSHINE, Clearwater, Sedgwick Co., Kan. 1. ISAAC FOUNTAIN, Upland, Franklin County, Neb. 1. D. P. VAN HORN, Cotter, Iowa. 2. WILLIAM H. HOLE, Mason City, 111. 1. LESTER N. MORRIS, Lincoln, 111. 1. JACOB PRETTYMAN, Havana, 111. 1. GEORGE N. HOPPING, Beaver City, Neb. 1. DAVID ZENTMIRE, Cherokee, Crawford County, Kan 1. GEORGE DRAKE, Clinton, Clinton County, Iowa. 1. JOSIAH McKNIGHT, Mason City, 111. 2. LIEUTENANT DANIEL HAVENS, Manito, 111. 1. ELI M. COGDALL, Manito, 111. 1. DALLAS A. TRENT, Manito, 111. 1. MRS. MARTHA A. MALONEY, Manito, 111. 1. MRS. MARY E. COX, Manito, 111. 1. CAPTAIN SAMUEL BLACK, Menominee, Wis. 1. COLONEL BYRON PHELPS, Seattle, Washington. 1. MRS. SARAH LANGSTON, Forest City, 111. 2. JOHN E. RENO, Table Grove, Fulton County, 111. 1. MRS. MARY TOWN, Havana, 111. 4. CHARLES MORRIS, Havana, 111. 1. LUCIE J. ROBERTS, Manito, 111. 1. QUARTERMASTER HOLOWAY W. LIGHTCAP, Havana, 111. 1. CAPTAIN C. M. BARNETT, Geneva, Neb. 1. PUBLIC LIBRARY, Havana, 111. 1. JAMES GOBEN, Kilbourne, 111. 1. CHARLES POND, Shubert, Neb. 1. SAMUEL GRISSOM, Kilbourne, 111. 1. L. G. BLUNT, Kilbourne, 111. 1. MRS. LUCINDA BRYAN, Sciota, 111. 1. JAMES J. PELHAM, Thermopolis, Wyo. 1. JOHN L. HARBERT, Kilbourne, 111. 1. CHARLES ERICK HULT, Swedesburgh, Henry County, Iowa. 1. JAMES WALKER, Easton, 111. of ?0riraiis. Colonel Robert S. Moore. ( FRONTISPIECE.) Colonel Caleb J. Dilsworth. Major Robert C. Rider. Surgeon Philip L. Dieffenbacher. Asst. Surgeon Gilbert S. Southwick. Adjutant Clark N. Andrus. Quartermaster Holovfay W. Lightcap. Captain George A Blanchard. Captain Henry S. LaTourette. Lieutenant D. L. Musselman. Lieutenant John M. Robertson. Sergeant W. Irving Shannon. First Sergeant Henry J. Aten. ( GROUP.) Chaplain Joseph S. Barwick. Lieutenant A. D. Cadwallader. Corporal David Sigley. Corporal Joseph S. Conover. John Aten. Dr. P L. Dieffenbacher. Henry C. Swrisher. Dr. Joseph B. Shaw go. Prof. D. L. Musselman. Henry J. Aten. CHAPTER I. By the middle of the summer of 1862 there were few among the people either North or South, who had not found ample cause for revising their estimate of the mag- nitude and duration of the Civil War. During the year and more that had passed since the firing upon Fort Sumter, there had been many engagements, some of which had been bloody enough to satisfy the most san- guinary, and each side had scored its victories. Nearly twenty thousand men had been shot dead on the battle- field; upward of eighty thousand had been wounded, while an unknown number had died of disease, in the ser- vice. The early engagements were disastrous to the Fed- eral arms. Bull Run was a crushing defeat, the Union troops falling back in panic to the gates of the National Capital. At Wilson's Creek, Missouri, the army was forced to retreat, after the loss of their gallant leader, General Lyon, and many men. Some victories of minor importance had been gained in West Virginia, and the battle of Belmont, Missouri, was fought in November, 1 86 1, which served to give the Western troops confi- dence in themselves and in their commander. At Mill Springs, Kentucky, the Union forces won a handsome victory, in which the enemy was beaten, driven, routed, his general slain and his standards captured. Driven and pursued from Missouri, the rebels were defeated in a hard fought battle at Pea Ridge, Arkansas. Fort Don- elson was captured with 15,000 prisoners and a large number of cannon. The 'battle of Shiloh, fought in 14 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. April, 1862, was a decided victory for the Union arms, though dearly won, and on the thirtieth of May the Fed- eral forces occupied Corinth, Mississippi. And on the first of June, after having seized the peninsula in Vir- ginia, the army of the East was within five miles of the Confederate Capital. At this time, a line beginning on the Chickahominy river in front of Richmond, Virginia, thence running through Cumberland Gap on the south- ern border of Kentucky, and extending through Hunts- ville, Alabama, and Corinth, Mississippi, to Helena, Arkansas, would show the positions occupied by the Union armies, and also indicate the vast region that had been wrested from the foe. Meanwhile, the South had changed its opinion of northern pluck and endurance, and began to admit by its energetic action, that the military instinct was not a sec- tional monopoly. To recover their losses, the Confed- erate authorities devised a plan for an offensive cam- paign, in which the armies under Lee in Virginia, Bragg in Tennessee, and Van Dorn in Mississippi were to be largely reinforced, and at the same time attack the Fed- erals and drive them from the South. Then Bragg and Van Dorn would unite the standards of their victorious columns at Louisville or Cincinnati, while Lee should plant the Confederate flag on the dome of the National Capitol, and the two Confederate armies would invade the North and compel a recognition of the independence of the Southern Confederacy. The plan for driving the Union forces from Southern soil and invading the North by a simultaneous advance of all the Confederate armies, was popular with the peo- ple in rebellion, and under their united and enthusiastic THE CALL FOR ADDITIONAL TROOPS. 15 support developed unexpected strength and at first met with signal success. Suddenly the Union armies were thrown on the defensive, and from the Chickahominy to the Mississippi the enemy appeared so confident and aggressive, that it became a question whether our armies were not to be forced backward, the scenes of strife transferred to the States north of the Potomac and Ohio rivers, and free soil be watered with the blood of heroes slain in battle. In this emergency, the governors of all the loyal States signed a letter to the President requesting him to issue a call for additional troops, and in response to this letter, Mr. Lincoln on July 2nd, 1862, issued a call for 300,000 volunteers. The people fully appreciated the gravity of the situation, but there was some delay in assigning quotas to the various States, so that but little was accomplished in the way of recruiting until July had nearly closed. But by the time the recruiting machinery was in readiness volunteers were responding in large numbers, and the closing week in July and the early days of August witnessed large enlistments. The need of troops continuing and becoming more and more press- ing, the President on the fourth of August issued an- other call for 300,000 men in addition to the 300,000 called out in July. That month of August, 1862, was one long to be re- membered by those who shared in its exciting events. The menacing attitude of the South had prepared the loyal people of the North for the most energetic action ; the successive calls for additional troops thrilled them with military ardor, and the response was a wonderful one. All sorts and conditions of men left their business 16 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. and enlisted in the ranks. Boys of fifteen sat down and cried because they were not permitted to enlist, and everywhere there was manifest the most intense devotion to the Union and its starry banner. And the young men of the North, many of whom had others dependent upon them for support, to the number of more than half a mil- lion, responded to the call of their country within the brief space of two months. Amid the stirring- events of that period the Eighty- fifth Regiment, Illinois Volunteer Infantry, was organ- ized. Recruited at the most critical period of the war, it. was composed of excellent material. With few excep- tions officers and men had been familiar with the use of firearms from their youth, and very many were excellent marksmen. They had met men returning from the great battles of the previous year, wounded and maimed for life. The pride and pomp and circumstance of glorious war had disappeared, and all knew that war meant not only wounds and death, but hunger, hardship and 'priva- tion. Rapidly organized and equipped, it was hurried to the front to meet the rising tide of rebellion on the banks of the Ohio river. Commanded with ability and led with rare courage, it was given opportunity to bear a conspicuous part in the struggle for the preservation of the Union. It never turned its back to the foe but once, and then only in obedience to peremptory orders. To its gallant conduct in the fierce heat of many battles, and its noble bearing in every emergency its members have ever been able to refer with pride. To the recital of some of these events and to the narrative of the whereabouts of the command from day to day, the following chapters are devoted. RECRUITING OF THE REGIMENT. 17 CHAPTER II. Captain Robert S. Moore, of Company E, Twenty- seventh Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry, had been wounded in the advance upon Corinth, Miss., and was at his home in Havana, on leave of absence when the first call for troops was issued in July, 1862. Impressed, by experience and observation at the front, of the urgent need of more troops in the field, he at once began to re- cruit a regiment under the following authority, which is copied from the original still in possession of Colonel Moore : GENERAL HEADQUARTERS, STATE OF ILLINOIS. ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE. Springfield, July llth, 1862. Captain Robert S. Moore, Twenty-seventh Regiment, Illinois Vol- unteers, Havana, 111. Sir: At direction of Governor Yates you are hereby authorized to enroll and report at Peoria ten companies of infantry for Gov- ernment service for three years unless discharged, to form a part of the forces authorized by late call of the President. Each of said companies to consist of not less than (83) nor more than (101) strong, able-bodied men, and to be reported with at least minimum number of men within thirty days from this date. If not reported with minimum number within thirty days, the companies will be liable to consolidation with others similarly situated or the men (previous to muster into service) at the pleas- ure of the Governor, discharged. Company officers will be ap- pointed and commissioned by the Governor, the recommenda- tions of the companies will be duly considered but fitness for position will be the rule governing appointments. You will keep me advised of your progress in recruiting, report- ing weekly the number (and names) actually enrolled, and state 18 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. when squads or companies are ready to camp, and marching and transportation orders will be promptly supplied. Very respectfully, Your obedient servant, ALLEN C. FULLER, Adjutant General. Official: JOHN H. LOOMIS, Assistant Adjutant General. At this time Caleb J. Dilworth was practicing law in Havana, and he became associated with Captain Moore in recruiting a regiment. Under their energetic direc- tion recruiting was conducted in various towns, which resulted in raising five companies in Mason County. In the summer of 1861 the Hon. S. P. Cummings, of Astoria, was commissioned mustering officer with the rank of major, and was active in recruiting some of the companies that entered the service from Fulton County in that year. As soon as the quota had been assigned the state under the first call of 1862 he established re- cruiting stations in Astoria, Summum, and Marble's Mills, in South Fulton. And by the time supplies and transportation were provided, three companies were raised and ready to go into camp from Fulton County. Soon after the five companies from Mason and the three from Fulton arrived at Peoria, the designated rendez- vous, they were joined by a company commanded by Captain P. S. Scott, from Menard County, and one en- rolled by Captain John Kennedy, at Pekin, in Tazewell County, in the latter part of June. This completed the number of companies required to form the regiment; each company being under officers of their own selection, and all enlisted from adjoining counties. The camp at Peoria was pleasantly situated on high, well-drained ground, immediately above the city, and near the west bank of the Illinois river. The camp was MUSTERED IN THE SERVICE. 19 supplied with tents and straw, but no blankets were fur- nished for several days, and meantime, the frequent rains and cool nights gave the men a foretaste of things to come. Those who had left home unprepared for such an emergency made no little complaint, while those who had brought blankets with them, were inclined to mani- fest an undue appreciation of their own wisdom and fore- sight. Eager to learn their new duties, the men were constantly drilled in that part of the school of the soldier which comprehends what ought to be taught recruits without arms. The twenty-seventh day of August, 1862, was made memorable by the appearance of the mustering officer, Captain S. A. Wainwright, of the Thirteenth United States Infantry. On his arrival the boisterous drums sounded the assembly, and that splendid body of nearly one thousand gallant men fell into line for the first time and became a regiment. The long line was formed with little delay and an inspection held, few being rejected and those in almost every instance on account of being over or under the age limit for service in the army. After the surgeons had completed their examination of the physi- cal qualifications of the men, the process of muster-in was proceeded with. And as these stalwart men stood there, with uplifted hands, and swore to serve their coun- try "for three years unless sooner discharged," it was indeed an impressive spectacle ; a scene that will never be wholly forgotten by the participants who still survive. The companies having elected their officers previous to their arrival in camp, the line officers repaired immedi- ately after the muster-in, to a large tent to complete the organization of the regiment by the election of field offi- 20 HISTORY OF THE 8STH ILLINOIS. cers. At this meeting the field officers were elected and the appointment of staff officers agreed upon. The fol- lowing is the list of THE FIELD AND STAFF. Colonel Robert S. Moore, of Havana, Mason County. Lieutenant-Colonel Caleb J. Dilworth, of Havana, Mason County. Major S. P. Cummings, of Astoria, Fulton County. Adjutant John B. Wright, of Havana, Mason County. Quartermaster Samuel F. Wright, of Havana, Mason County. Surgeon James P. Walker, of Mason City, Mason County. First Assistant Surgeon Philip L. Dieffenbacher, of Havana, Mason County. Second Assistant Surgeon James C. Patterson, of Mason City, Mason County. Chaplain Joseph S. Barwick, of Havana, Mason County. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Sergeant-Major Clark N. Andrews, of Havana, Mason County. Quartermaster-Sergeant James T. Pierce, of Havana, Mason County. Commissary Sergeant Thomas J. Avery, of Bath, Mason County. Hospital Steward James L. Hastings, of Mason City, Mason County. Principal Musician John Hazlengg, of Bath, Mason County. According to the system of infantry tactics in use at this time, a regiment was composed of ten companies to be habitually posted from right to left in the following order : A, F, D, I, C, H, E, K, G, B, in accordance with the rank of captains. Under this provision of tactics, the honor of bearing the colors belonged to Company C. But for some reason unknown to the writer, the compan- ies were posted in the line of the Eighty-fifth, beginning with A on the right and running in consecutive order to K on the left. Under this arrangement, which was quite CALEB J. DILWORTH, 21 OF UNIFORMS AND ARMS SUPPLIED. 23 unusual. Company E occupied the right center, and be- came the color company. This formation was continued throughout the service. On Thursday, August 28th, clothing was issued; each soldier receiving a dark blue blouse, sky blue pants, woolen shirts and socks, cotton drawers, a forage cap, blanket and a pair of shoes. This made a neat and com- fortable uniform, which proved so well suited to the ser- vice that its use was continued, with but one change, throughout the war. The forage cap afforded such slight protection in either sunshine or storm, that it soon gave way to the black felt hat. The next day, light blue overcoats of the regulation pattern, with capes, were issued, and each soldier received a kflapsack and canteen. In the afternoon, muster rolls having been prepared, each company was marched to headquarters and $13 paid to each member by the paymaster. This payment was made in carrying out a promise made the men at enlist- ment, that each should receive one month's pay in ad- vance. On Friday, September 5th, arms and accoutrements were received and issued to the companies. The arms were the Enfield rifled muskets, and were as good a weapon as was then in general use. The Eighty-fifth was considered very fortunate in securing new Enfields, especially so considered by the members of the regiment, of whom there were quite a number who had seen pre- vious service. Almost every regiment entering the ser- vice in 1861 was armed with old Austrian or Belgian muskets; doubtless the most unreliable and dangerous firearm ever invented. And among the terrors of the first year's service, these men always remembered the: 24 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. uncertain action and the diabolic antics of those infernal guns. From the first the men had been kept almost con- stantly on the drill ground, and as all were anxious to learn, some progress was made in the school of the sold- ier. They had learned to step in time, and to march by squad and company. Eagerly they had awaited their arms and accoutrements, and now, everyone expected that a few days at least could be devoted to drill in the manual of arms before leaving the camp of instruction. But the pressing need of more troops at the front allowed the men of the Eighty-fifth but one day in which to drill in the manual of arms. The brief stay in camp at Peoria had been profitably employed, and calls up few but pleasant memories. Nearly all had suffered more or less from colds incident to a change from the comforts of home to the outdoor life of the camp, and the radical change of diet had affected some unfavorably. But few, however, had been sent to the building outside the camp grounds, over which floated the yellow hospital flag. Of those sent to the hospital, James Grant, private of Company K, died there on September 8th, his being the first death in the regiment. While more time was sadly needed for instruction, and officers and men alike felt the need of it, yet all were ready and anxious to go to the assistance of their brave, hard-pressed comrades who had gone to battle for the Union in the year gone by. They wanted to bear a hand in turning back the tide of invasion now threatening northern homes, and their opportunity was now at hand. A series of disasters had overtaken our armies while the OFF FOR THE SOUTH. 25 regiment had been forming; the Army of the East had been routed from the front of the rebel capital ; Lee with his victorious army was already on northern soil, and the advance of Bragg's army had arrived within striking dis- tance of both Louisville and Cincinnati. CHAPTER III. At about nine o'clock on Sunday morning, Septem- ber 7th, 1862, the Eighty-fifth Regiment Illinois Volun- teer Infantry marched out of its camp at Peoria and down through the main street of the city to the railway station. The day was bright and clear, and although the ringing church bells were calling the people to worship the Prince of Peace, the patriotic citizens crowded the line of march to cheer and speed the departing soldiers. There was but little delay at the depot, and about one o'clock, or a little later, a start was made for Louisville, Kentucky. The trip was made without incident or acci- dent of especial note. Lafayette, Indiana, was reached at about eight o'clock the next morning, and Indianapo- lis at six o'clock in the afternoon, and at two o'clock on Tuesday morning, September gth, the regiment arrived at Jeffersonville. The men were very tired with the long ride in the crowded cars. Few had slept in all the pre- vious night, as there were two in every seat, and all were glad to change from the crowded cars to the ground for a short rest. About noon the regiment crossed the Ohio river, and marched through Louisville to the southern limits of the city, where it went into camp. The day 26 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. was hot, the streets dusty, and the men were very much fatigued, although the distance marched was not great. Notwithstanding the alleged neutrality of Kentucky, the regiment was now in Dixie. In the city the people were laboring under the most intense excitement. Among the citizens every shade of opinion prevailed from that held by the most devoted loyalist to that of the most pronounced secessionist, and on the day following the arrival of the regiment martial law was proclaimed. Wednesday, September lotfi, was full of hard work, the day being spent in squad and company drill, particu- lar attention being paid to the manual of arms, the work ending with a dress parade. Dress parade was a new experience to nearly all of the officers and men, but the regiment made a fairly creditable appearance. In the afternoon of the next day a heavy thunder storm sud- denly broke upon the camp. The high wind leveled many of the tents to the ground, while the downpour of rain thoroughly drenched the men and the entire outfit of the camp. The insurgents having forced into their armies all the able-bodied men in the South, were now exerting their full strength against the Federal line. After a series of bloody defeats, accompanied with heavy loss, the Army of the Potomac had been driven from the peninsula in Virginia, and was now about to engage in a deadly con- flict with the flushed victorious enemy, on soil dedicated to freedom and far to the north of the National Capital. On August 1 7th, a part of Bragg's army under General Kirby Smith turned the Union force out of Cumberland Gap. Whereupon the Union commander blew up his THE) DANGER THREATENING LOUISVILLE. 27 elaborate fortifications, abandoned his heavy artillery, destroyed his stores, and began a hasty and disastrous retreat. After capturing detachments of Union troops on garrison duty at various posts, the rebel column of invasion encountered a green Union force at Richmond Kentucky, which had been hurriedly concentrated to oppose the rebel advance. A fight ensued, in which the Union troops were driven back on reinforcements under Major General William Nelson, who assumed command, but a rebel victory had already been won. The Union troops were dispersed, and General Nelson wounded, while his army lost nine pieces of artillery and many pris- oners. The Confederate general set forward for Lexing- ton, which he entered on September ist, amid the frantic acclamations of the rebel sympathisers of that intensely disloyal region. He moved on through Paris to Cynthi- ana, and threw his advance well out toward Cincinnati. Meanwhile General Bragg with the main body of the Confederate army crossed the Tennessee river above Chattanooga, passed to the left of the Union army, and pushed into Kentucky. This compelled General Buel to abandon the whole of Tennessee except a small district in the immediate vicinity of Nashville, and hasten by forced marches to the defense of the line of the Ohio river. Louisville, with its immense resources, was the immedi- ate object of this gigantic raid, while the capture of Cin- cinnati and other northern cities was considered possible even probable, by the enthusiastic followers of the rebel chief. The near approach of the Confederate army filled the rebel citizens in the city with high hopes, while many of the loyalists fled for refuge to various points north of the Ohio. 28 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. General Nelson was assigned to command the army forming at Louisville, and although suffering from a wound received at Richmond, his energetic action re- stored order, and the air of dejection soon disappeared. With the arrival of almost every boat and train came new troops, who were rapidly formed into brigades and divis- ions for the defense of the city. The troops that escaped from the battle at Richmond began to appear by this time, and the opportunity for capturing the city was numbered among the lost hopes of the southern people. On Friday, September I2th, the Eighty-sixth Regi- ment, Illinois Volunteer Infantry arrived. It had camped near the Eighty-fifth at Peoria, and was mustered in by Captain Wainwright on the same day. There was the usual Sunday morning inspection on the I4th, and on the 1 5th a brigade was formed, composed of the Eighty-fifth, the Eighty-sixth and the One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Regiments, Illinois Volunteer Infantry, the Fifty-second Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and Battery I, Sec- ond Illinois Light Artillery, and designated as the Thirty-Sixth Brigade. The brigade thus formed had quite an unusual experience, in that these regiments and this battery remained together until mustered out at the close of the war, the only change in its composition being the addition of small regiments toward the close of the service. Colonel Daniel McCook, of the Fifty-second Ohio, being the ranking colonel, took command of the brigade by virtue of seniority, holding the position until mortally wounded while leading the command in a des- perate charge. The brigade moved at an early hour through the city, and passed in review before the com- THE FIRST LONG ROLL. 29 manding general. The day was hot, the streets dusty, and the men were very tired when they reached camp at six o'clock in the evening. On the 1 8th the brigade was engaged in throwing up a line of entrenchments, the line running through the suburbs of the city. The next day the regiment was held in readiness to march at any moment, with two days' rations in the haversacks. On the 2Oth the Eighty- fifth moved out on the turnpike, some ten miles toward Bardstown, returning to camp on the evening of the 22nd. No event of importance transpired on the march, but the trip was useful in seasoning the men for the longer marches soon to come. On Tuesday, September 23rd, at three o'clock in the morning, there was a call to arms, and the brigade marched to the entrenchments, where it remained under arms throughout the day. In the afternoon General Nelson reviewed the line, and urged the importance of firing low in case of an at- tack. The regiment spent the next day on picket, some distance out, returning to the entrenched line in the evening, when the men were instructed to occupy near- by houses for the night. On the 26th the regiment returned to camp, packed up the camp outfit, and moved into the city. Judged by the appearance and smell of this camp, it had recently been occupied as a horse or mule yard. The next day the camp was unusually dull until well along in the after- noon, when a captain of one of the companies, doubtless impelled by a sense of duty, undertook to discipline his first lieutenant. Then a breach of the peace occurred in which the captain prevailed and the lieutenant was thor- 30 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. oughly disciplined in fact, if not in accordance with the provisions of army regulations. The veterans of General Buel's army were now arriv- ing, and within a few days that splendid body of trained soldiers were located in camps in the immediate vicinity of the city. They had made a race with the rebel army under Bragg from the Tennessee to the Ohio ; had won the race, and were now eager to be led against their old- time foe. Nor had they long to wait, as immediate preparations were made for taking the field against the enemy, who was known to be at Bardstown, only thirty miles away. On Monday morning, September 29th, the startling intelligence was brought to the camp of the Eighty-fifth that General Nelson had been shot and killed at the Gait House, and a detachment from the regiment was hur- riedly sent to the hotel for guard duty. The following account of the tragedy is condensed from reports cur- rent at the time, and is believed to be substantially cor- rect. About eight o'clock in the morning Brigadier General Jefferson C. Davis met General Nelson in the office of the Gait House and presented some grievance. A controversy ensued in which Nelson, after applying an insulting epithet to Davis, slapped him in the face. Whereupon Davis, who was unarmed, borrowed a pistol from a by-stander and shot Nelson, who died within a few minutes of the shooting. General Nelson was a man of powerful build, in perfect health, six feet two inches in height, and weighing over two hundred pounds, while General Davis was a small man, less than five feet ten inches in height, and weighing only about one hundred and twenty-five pounds. THE KENTUCKY CAMPAIGN. 31 General Nelson had been in command of the depart- ment until the arrival of General Buel on the 25th. He was bred a sailor, and was holding a commission in the military service, although an officer in the navy. In- tensely loyal to his country, he was among the first to organize by his individual exertion a military force in Kentucky, his native state, to rescue her from the vortex of rebellion, toward which she was rapidly drifting. Un- fortunately for himself and his country, he was arbitrary, overbearing, and his outbursts of temper made him many enemies. So totally unfitted for the command of volun- teer soldiers was he, that it may well be doubted whether his violent end caused mourning in a single breast among the rank and file of the army. General Davis, after serving in the war with Mexico, entered the regular army, and was a lieutenant under Major Anderson at Fort Sumter, when it was bom- barded. At the beginning of the Civil War he led the Twenty-second Indiana to the field, and was soon pro- moted brigadier general. He commanded a division at the battle of Pea Ridge with conspicuous skill and gal- lantry. He was arrested for the killing of Nelson, but was never tried. The writer has always understood that, but for this lamentable affair, General Davis would have been assigned to command the division of which the Thirty-sixth Brigade was a part in the coming campaign. A year later he assumed command of the division, and finally commanded the corps to which the brigade was attached, and officers and men learned to admire the skill with which he handled his troops. The brigades of new troops that had been hurried to the defense of Louisville were distributed among the 32 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. veteran divisons of Bud's army, and the army thus re- cruited, was divided into three corps, designated the First, Second, and Third, commanded by Generals McCook, Crittenden, and Gilbert respectively. The Thirty-sixth Brigade was assigned to a division under command of Brigadier General P. H. Sheridan, in Gil- bert's Corps. The twenty days spent in Louisville were of great ad- vantage to the new regiment. The men became accus- tomed to camp life ; much of the time was spent in drill, and something was learned in marching and picket duty. The regiment was weakened by sickness during the month, and quite a number had to be left in the general hospital when the command entered upon the Kentucky campaign. The deaths at Louisville were: Henry Howell, of Company A ; Robert Driver, of Company F, and William Cunningham, of Company H. On Tuesday morning, September 3oth, 1862, Gen- eral Buel's army of about 60,000 men moved out of Louisville, and the advance began. Bragg's army num- bered about 40,000 men, the greater part being in posi- tion at Bardstown. Many delays occurred during the day, and the Eighty-fifth camped for the night within one mile of the city. On the first of October the com- mand moved very slowly, passing through a fine country, on very dusty .roads. After reaching camp the Eighty- fifth, with the brigade battery, was thrown out on picket a mile and a half in advance of the camp. During the night enough rain fell to soak the men's blankets, and the next morning the regiment resumed the march with- out breakfast. A series of skirmishes commenced within a few miles of Louisville, which constantly increased until THE KENTUCKY CAMPAIGN. 33 the cautious advance of the army reached Bardstown on October 5th, when it was found that the enemy had retreated. The regiment passed through that town on Sunday, and camped that night on Rolling Fork, a stream some six miles beyond Bardstown. A timid advance, which could scarcely be called a pursuit, was continued on the 6th and 7th, the regiment passing through Fredericktown, Springfield, Texas and Hunts- ville, and on the 7th Gilbert's corps, which was in the center, closed down on the enemy, who was concentrated and ready for battle in a position of his own choice near Perryville. The season had been very dry, the roads were dusty, the weather hot, and water was so scarce that the troops had suffered exceedingly. Men became so thirsty that it was no unusual sight to see them spread their handker- chiefs over stagnant pools, covered with scum, and slake their thirst with the water thus filtered. The brigade arrived at the front about eleven o'clock in the night of the 7th, and the men lay down, without water, in line of battle for such rest as might be had on the eve of their first battle. 34 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. October, 1862. CHAPTER IV. On Wednesday, October 8th, at three o'clock in the morning, the men were quietly aroused from their brief sleep, and the brigade began the advance, with the Eighty-fifth in front. During the night some pools of still water were discovered in the bed of Doctor's creek, a tributary of Chaplin river, and the advance was made for the purpose of seizing a range of hills beyond the stream, with a view of securing a supply of water. It was very dark and absolute silence was enjoined, and while the regiment was marching by the right flank, the enemy's pickets opened fire from a position just beyond the creek. At once our skirmishers rushed forward, supported by the entire regiment, and after a short, sharp fight, Peter's Hill was carried, and before daylight our line was firmly established and a limited supply of bad water was obtained. In front was an open field, with heavy timber beyond, while timber and thick underbrush extended well toward the left of the regiment. About sunrise the enemy formed a column of infantry and artillery in this woods, and sent it forward, covered by a cloud of skirmishers, to retake the position from which the Eighty-fifth had driven him. His artillery opened with spherical case, which made it exceedingly uncomfortable for the regi- ment for a time, as it could not reply. But as soon as the brigade battery could be brought up, the guns of the enemy were silenced, and a few volleys cleared the field in front. Still the rebel force in the underbrush to the left kept up a very annoying fire, until the Second Mis- October, 1862. THE BATTLE OF PERRYVILLE. 35 souri Infantry moved across the front under General Sheridan's direction, charged into and cleared the thicket. This regiment, contrary to the usual equip- ment, was armed with the sword bayonet, and met with heavy loss in this charge. After his efforts to retake the lost position had been repulsed, the enemy remained in- active on this part of his line for some three hours or more. The day was clear and the range of hills just beyond Doctor's creek afforded a fine view of the valley of that stream extending northeast to Chaplin river. In this valley were small farms, the homes of a peaceful com- munity, unused to the 'bloody scenes about to be enacted in its midst. Fields, from which the wheat had been gathered, now rank with ragweed. Corn standing in the shock, orchards that had yielded up their mellow fruit, and the timbered ridges which here and there ex- tended into the valley from the west all these were to be swept and torn before night by the hurricane of war. About ten o'clock the advance of McCook's corps arrived in the valley, and from the elevated position occupied by the Eighty-fifth, his troops could be seen as they came into line of battle across the foot-hills, without a shot being fired. When the First corps deployed there remained but the usual interval between McCook's right and the left of the Thirty-sixth brigade. But suddenly, and without warning, the enemy, who nad been con- cealed in the heavy timber in his front and east of the creek, made a furious attack along his entire line, and about one o'clock the Thirty-sixth brigade started to his assistance. It had not gone far, however, when the enemy advanced again to assault and carry the line of 36 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. October, 1862. hills the brigade had seized in the morning, and quickly returning under orders, the command resumed its former position. The recall of the brigade was most opportune, for no sooner had it returned to its original line, than the enemy opened with two batteries, under cover of which his assaulting column began the advance. To this fire the batteries of the division at once responded, and for a time there was a well-sustained artillery duel. Soon, how- ever, our batteries turned their attention to the advanc- ing lines of infantry, using shell at first, then case and canister. This did not check the determined advance, and when the enemy came within short musket range our batteries ceased firing; the infantry advanced and poured into the rebel ranks a most destructive fire. The action was short, sharp and decisive. The rebel lines wavered for a moment and the next found the enemy in full retreat. During the action Carlin's brigade of Mitchell's division arrived on the right of Sheridan; wheeled partly to the left; struck the retreating enemy in the flank, and pursued him beyond Perryville. In this pursuit Carlin captured two caissons, an ammunition train of fifteen wagons, and a train guard of one hundred and thirty-eight men. As soon as the enemy was driven from Sheridan's front, his batteries were turned upon the masses of the enemy now surging against the right of McCook's corps. No longer menaced by the enemy on their own front, the men of the Thirty-sixth brigade had an unob- structed view of the terrible battle ranging along the front of the First corps. The quiet rural scene of the morning, whereon they had watched McCook set his October, 1862. THE BATTLE OF PERRYVILLE. 37 troops in battle array without a sound of strife, now rilled with flame and fury, had become a veritable valley of death. The shells from our batteries could be seen tear- ing through the masses of the enemy, or bursting in the midst of his serried column, as he recklessly charged the Union line. The fleecy smoke rose from the batteries of friend and foe and hung in the palpitating air. The spiteful puffs from the file firing marked the infantry line, while far to the rear a burning barn, fired by rebel shells, appeared. In full view, the wounded who were still able to walk, were drifting to the rear, while the stretcher bearers bore the more severely wounded back from the blue line, so stubbornly contesting every inch of the ground. So the battle ebbed and flowed, until darkness closed the eventful day upon a never-to-be-forgotten scene ; one which neither tongue nor pen can adequately describe. The determined resistance made by McCook's corps, aided by the batteries of Sheridan's division, and the arrival of fresh troops, prevented the enemy from pursu- ing his advantage to a successful conclusion. His plan was rendered abortive ; no definite results were obtained by his desperate fighting, and as soon as darkness inter- vened he retreated, leaving the fielcl with his killed and wounded in possession of the Union army. The enemy abandoned the field so quietly that his retreat was not known until the advance began at daylight on the next morning. The losses in the Eighty-fifth were less in number than might have been expected, considering the work accomplished, but more than were sustained by any other regiment in the Thirty-sixth brigade. According 38 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. October, 1862. to a table published in the Rebellion Records,* the bri- gade loss was : Seven killed ; 63 wounded, and 9 miss- ing, total, 79. In this same table, which purports to be a revised list, the loss in the Eighty-fifth is given as 5 killed, 38 wounded and 9 missing. Assistant Surgeon P. L/. Dieffenbacher has kindly furnished the names of the killed and wounded, but as his list shows the number wounded to be less than the revised list published in the War Records, we must conclude that several men were slightly wounded who did not report to the surgeon. It is not possible to give the names of such, nor is it possible to give the names of the missing. The following are the names of killed and wounded, according to the list fur- nished the writer by Surgeon Dieffenbacher : COMPANY A. KILLED Corporal Benjamin White, Lemuel Y. Nash. WOUNDED First Sergeant Albert G. Beebe, Sergeant Daniel Havens, William D. Blizzard, Gibson Bass, and William M. Thompson. COMPANY B. WOUNDED Lieutenant Charles W. Pierce, Thomas M. Bell, Ben- jamin F. Kratzer, Ellis Southwood. COMPANY C. KILLED Henry Shay, Orlando Stewart. WOUNDED Sergeant John H. Duvall, James S. Chester, Chan- ning Clark, William Newberry, Jonathan P. Temple. COMPANY D. KILLED Sergeant Freman Brought. WOUNDED William Davis. COMPANY E. WOUNDED William F. Allen, Royal A. Clary, James Lynn. COMPANY G. WOUNDED John Aten. * Vol. LXVI, page 1036, Rebellion Records. ROBERT G. RIDER. MAJOR. tn m UNIYERSm of ILLINOIS October, 1862. THE BATTLE OF PERRYVILLE. 41 COMPANY H. WOUNDED Henry Bloomfield, Marion Horton, Solomon Meyers, Lemuel J. Sayres, Daniel Worley. COMPANY I. WOUNDED Sergeant Laban V. Tartar, Corporal James Mosland- er, William Minner, John Watson. COMPANY K. WOUNDED Jefferson Bowers, Isaac Fountain. When the eventful day closed, it was with a sense of infinite relief that the tired, hungry men threw them- selves upon their blankets for rest and sleep. They began the fight without breakfast ; had no dinner, and now when night came the arbitrary orders of a grossly incompetent corps commander prevented the issue of rations until mid-night. All had looked' forward to the test of battle with more or less solicitude, lest some should fail to meet the stern demands of duty when the supreme hour of trial should come. But the men the boys in the ranks had proved themselves true born heroes, while the officers had shared with them alike the danger and the glory of the day. The Eighty-fifth had established a Deputation for both fighting and staying qualities ; a reputation that must be sustained in all future actions, and now, confident in themselves and in each other, officers and men awaited the coming of another day. At daylight on the morning of the Qth, the advance began by moving the troops, not engaged the previous day, against the left of the enemy. This movement soon developed the fact that the enemy had retreated during the night. Bragg had quietly and in good order retired, leaving his killed and wounded on the battlefield. About 42 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. October, 1862. noon the Thirty-sixth brigade moved across the field from which the enemy had delivered his attack on McCook's corps, and after a short march camped at Perry ville; remaining in this camp throughout the loth and nth. In the meantime burial parties gave the dead of both friend and foe decent burial. At places on the field the dead were scattered very thick ; bearing striking proof of the deadly character of the conflict. The writer remembers a point where a Confederate battery had been taken and retaken. There the Union and rebel dead appeared in about equal numbers, and among them the faithful horses that had drawn the battery into action. Considering the number of troops engaged, the losses were severe, amounting to 4,348 in killed, wounded and missing more than one-fifth of the force engaged on the Union side. The loss of the enemy was never known, but it must have equaled, if it did not ex- ceed, ours. Bragg in his official report admits a loss of twenty-five hundred prisoners, but as fully 4,000 prison- ers, consisting mostly of sick and wounded, fell into our hands, he must have reported, as he usually did, much less than his actual loss. Buel reported the strength of his command before the battle at 58,000 effective men ; less than one-half of which was brought into action. The entire Confederate force in Kentucky did not exceed 40,000 men, and of this force fully 15,000 men were under Kirby Smith near Frankfort, too far from the battlefield to render Bragg any assistance whatever. But when the time came for striking a decisive blow, the Union commander failed to use his whole force, and the battle of Perryville furnishes a signal example of lost opportunities. Buel had a October, 1862. THE BATTLE OF PERRYVILLE. 43 largely preponderating force; his men were well equipped and eager to be led against the enemy, but he utterly failed to rise to the demands of the occasion. General Don Carlos Buel graduated in the class of 1841 at the West Point Military Academy, and served in the War with Mexico, where he was wounded and won the brevet rank of major. From 1847 to 1861 he served as assistant adjutant general in the regular army, and his long service in the routine of a bureau office probably unfitted him for handling, on the battlefield, the large number of troops which composed his command. After finding the enemy and closing down on his position on the evening of the /th, it appears to have been Buel's plan to spend the following day in preparing to fight a great battle on the 9th. But the Confederate com- mander disposed of that proposition by striking quick and hard on the 8th. Bragg was well known to be a fighting man, and a breach of the peace should have been expected by Buel, as soon as our army appeared within the usual murdering distance of the enemy. Although Buel was a soldier by education, he was without confidence in himself or in -the troops he com- manded. This lack of confidence was mutual, the troops distrusting the ability of their commander many going to the extent of questioning his loyalty. This unfortu- nate feeling was well nigh universal and was shared alike by both officers and men. General Thomas had urged Buel to fight at Sparta, Tennessee, before Bragg entered upon his gigantic raid in Kentucky. A corps com- mander, distinguished for his soldierly instinct, severely censured Buel for failing to attack the enemy at Glas- gow and other points, while the two armies were march- 44 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. October, 1862. ing on parallel roads in Kentucky, so near each other that a battle might have been brought on if there had been any desire to fight. General McCook told the writer within a few years that if Buel had sent him any one of the five divisions standing idle, and in easy reach, at three o'clock in the afternoon at Perryville, he would have destroyed .that part of Bragg's army with which his corps was engaged. In the reorganization of the army at Louisville, some seemingly inexcusable blunders were committed. The division which General Thomas, doubtless the most able officer in our army, composed of veterans he had led so long, was taken away from him, and he was named as second in command, which really left this capable officer without any command whatever. But worst of all, by some "hocus pocus" unexplained to this day, Charles C. Gilbert, who had not then been appointed a general officer by the President, was assigned to the command of the Third corps. Without experience or other quali- fication, Gilbert was undoubtedly the worst appointment to command an army corps made during the war. On the day of battle, in utter disregard of the necessities of his troops, he left the men short of rations throughout the day and until late the following night. Even then his abritrary orders were only relaxed at the earnest so- licitation of General Sheridan. Fortunately for his coun- try, the battle of Perryville was the first and last appear- ance of this incompetent officer as a corps commander. After three days had been frittered away in useless tactical manoeuvres, a timid advance was resumed on the 1 2th. The division moved through Danville and Lan- caster, where the batteries exchanged a few shots with October, 1862. THE BATTLE OF PERRYVIIJ,E. 45 the rear guard of the enemy. But the foe was quickly routed and the march continued without further inter- ruption through Stanford to Crab Orchard, where the command arrived on the evening of the I5th. Bragg had made good his escape and the invasion of Kentucky was ended. It is a noteworthy fact that the campaign in Ken- tucky caused the most bitter feeling in the opposing armies against their respective commanders. But per- haps the feeling of disappointment was greatest among the Confederates, and certainly the most difficult for them to bear. They had entered upon the Kentucky campaign under the promise of 20,000 recruits for the rebel cause, and had brought guns along to supply that number of recruits with arms. But the hoped for upris- ing did not occur; the arms were never taken from the wagons, and needlessly encumbered the train of the flee- ing foe as he returned to Tennessee. General Bragg did not consider so far as the Confederacy was con- cerned that the state was worth fighting for, and now, disappointed in his scheme of conquest, and bitterly cen- sured by his own army, he made haste to get beyond the barrier the Cumberland river was supposed to afford. On Thursday, the i6th, F. S. Henfling, of Company F, was accidentally shot in the leg. The regiment had been out to give the men an opportunity to discharge their guns, and it seems probable that some gun missed fire, which may account for the accident. The wound proved fatal, Henfling dying a few days later in the hos- pital. On Sunday, the iQth, the regiment was detailed for picket duty. Rest for the tired men and animals had 46 HISTORY OF THE 85TH IIJJNOIS. October, 1862. been the order of the day at Crab Orchard, and the new troops especially enjoyed their stay in that genial cli- mate. But the next day orders were received for a con- centration of the army at Bowling Green, and in the early morning the regiment took up the line of march from the picket line. After a march of twenty miles the regiment camped for the night on a stream known as Rolling Fork. The line of march led the Thirty-Sixth brigade through Lebanon, Parkville, New Market and Campbellsville. A fall of six inches of snow during the night and early morning of the 25th was the only inci- dent that happened to relieve the monotony of the march. This was a new, if not an agreeable, experience for troops without tents or shelter of any kind. On Saturday, November ist, the regiment arrived at Bowling Green. That night the tents which had been left at Louisville, were brought up, the mails arrived and were distributed, and from letters and papers received from home the men learned of the progress or the war the fortune that had followed the other armies in the broad field. They also learned without regret that Buel had been removed. From General Orders it appeared that our army, heretofore known as the Army of the Ohio, had been designated as the Army of the Cumber- land, under the command of Major General W. S. Rose- crans. November, 1862. ADVANCE TO NASHVILLE. 47 CHAPTER V. The dark and gloomy days in which the Eighty-fifth entered the field were followed, as dark days usually are, by brighter and more hopeful ones. The operations of General Lee in Virginia and Maryland; of General Bragg in Tennessee and Kentucky, and of Generals Price and VanDorn in Northern Mississippi, during the summer and autumn of 1862, covered the broadest field and displayed the boldest aggression of the Confederate armies during the war. For a time the tide of invasion ran high in the east, where Lee pressed the Union army back into Maryland, but at Antietam he met a bloody defeat and his army was forced to retire into Virginia to defend the approaches to the Confederate Capital. In Kentucky some of the rebel rangers may have caught a hasty glimpse of the Ohio river, but after the battle of Perry ville Bragg made haste to get behind the moun- tains of Tennessee. Just when General Bragg lost hope completely is not revealed, but at the moment when suc- cess seemed within his grasp, his bold strategy failed and he drifted about in Kentucky until expelled by a far from energetic pursuit. But when Price and VanDorn at- tempted to play the role of invaders in Mississippi, and perform their part in the scheme of invading the North the result was different. Confronting them was the small army under General Grant, in positions chosen with admirable skill. And instead of retreating and call- ing loudly and without ceasing for reinforcements, like McClellan and Buel, the hero of Donelson and Shiloh defeated the enemy at luka, routed him at Corinth, and 48 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. November, 1862. dispersed the foe at the Hatchie river. Grant not only did not retreat, but fixed more firmly than ever his re- lentless grasp on that end of the Confederacy. But promising as was the beginning of these cam- paigns to the South, like all others of similar character throughout the war, actual accomplishment fell far below Southern expectation. And when General Lee retreated from the battlefield of Antietam, General Bragg from Perryville, and Generals Price and_VanDorn from luka, Corinth and the Hatchie river, the Southern people saw plainly that the war was still to bring desolation to their homes and destruction to their section. They realized that their boldest strategy and the exertion of their full strength could only delay, but could not permanently prevent the advance of the Federal armies. During September and October the invading armies were driven back within the original limits of the Confederacy, and new offensive campaigns planned, the main one in the west, looking to the reconquest of Tennessee and North- ern Alabama, to be executed by the Army of the Cum- berland. On Tuesday morning, November 4th, marching orders were received, the destination being Nashville, Tennessee. All soldiers not able to march were sent to the general hospital which had been established at Bowl- ing Green. That evening the brigade camped a few miles beyond Franklin, and the next day crossed the state line and camped at Mitchellville in Sumner County, Tennessee. Here the Eighty-fifth was detailed for guard duty and remained at Mitchellville until noon on the 8th, when the march was resumed. The regiment arrived at Edgefield, a handsome suburb of Nashville, at noon on November, 1862. ADVANCE TO NASHVILLE. 49 Monday, the loth, and camped on a plateau north of the river and just outside the little town. On Wednesday, the I2th, the division was reviewed by General Rosecrans, and the men saw the new army commander for the first time. The change of command- ers was hailed with delight, and, while almost any change would have been acceptable, the appointment of Rose- crans, fresh from his well-earned victories in Mississippi, was especially gratifying. Nor was he long in winning the entire confidence of his new command. On the i Qth there was a detail made from the Eighty- fifth, under command of Captain Scott, to guard a train sent out for forage. This detail had proceeded some sixteen miles down the Cumberland river, when a tree, suddenly and without warning, fell across one of the wagons, instantly killing William S. Potter and William Ray, of Company E. These men were sitting near the middle of the wagon, and others sitting in front and rear of them, in the same wagon, escaped wholly unharmed. On Friday, the 2ist, the Thirty-sixth brigade went on a foraging expedition. This trip, as well as others made in the next month, were made with the full equip- ment necessary for fighting a battle if necessary, the bat- tery accompanying the brigade. The expedition re- turned the next evening with sixty beef cattle, two hun- dred hogs, seventy-five sheep, and a large amount of hay and corn. On Saturday, the 22nd, the division marched through Nashville, and out on the Murfreesboro pike, some seven miles to the crossing of Mill creek. At this point the Eighty-fifth camped near the turnpike, and on the eastern slope of a timbered hill. On the 25th the 50 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. November, 1862. regiment went on picket, the outposts overlooking the valley of Mill creek. On the hills beyond the outposts the enemy could be distinctly seen. Bragg was concentrat- ing the rebel army at Murfreesboro, and had strong out- posts at Lavergne, his cavalry pickets being advanced to the south banks of Mill Creek valley. In the immediate presence of the enemy it was usual for one-third of the command detailed for picket duty to be kept on outpost guard, one-third kept awake and under arms at the reserve post, and one-third allowed to sleep beside the fires. The guards on outpost duty from Company G brought in two prisoners captured at a farm house near the line during the day. At Peoria the Eighty-fifth was supplied with large Sibley tents, five of which were allowed to each com- pany. The men had by this time learned to make themselves quite comfortable. As soon as the weather became cold enough to require fires various kinds of fireplaces were improvised, and in this way made the large tents very pleasant and cheerful. Bayonets stuck in the ground answered the purpose of candlesticks, the accoutrements were hung to the center pole, while around its base were grouped the shining Enfield rifles. The men told stories, sang songs, wrote letters, played cards or checkers according to incli- nation, until tattoo and taps, when the lights went out and the men went to bed. When lighted up of an even- ing the camp at Mill creek seen from a distance pre- sented a very pretty picture. The white tents, standing in regular rows, and each lit up within, appeared as snug and cozy as any rustic village scene. During the month of November the following November, 1862. ADVANCE TO NASHVILLE. 51 changes took place among the company officers: On the 1 2th John W. Neal, second lieutenant of Company A, resigned and returned home, and Private Daniel Westfall was promoted to be his successor. On the same day First Lieutenant Lafayette Curless, of Com- pany G, resigned, and Second Lieutenant John M. Rob- ertson was promoted to be first lieutenant, and First Sergeant D. L. Musselman was chosen second lieuten- ant. Captain Nathaniel McClelland, First Lieutenant Luke Elliot, and Second Lieutenant William Cothern, all of Company H, resigned during the month, and Pri- vate David Maxwell was chosen captain, Private James T. McNeil, first lieutenant, and Private Washington M. Shields, second lieutenant of Company H. During the month of October and November death was busy in the ranks, his victims being found in the hos- pitals at Louisville, Harrodsburg, Danville and Bowling Green. Those dying were : John W. Bradburn, David A. Gordon, Franklin Gill more and Corporal Joseph F. Rodgers, of Company A; Henry Connor and Samuel Danawain, of Company B; William Clark, Ephraim Gates, John A. Gardner, George Gregor)'-, Daniel W. Hastings, Robert S. Moore, Joseph O'Donnell, Eben- ezer Paul, George W. Reynolds, Archibald J. Stubble- field and Corporal William C. Pelham, of Company C; Michael Ekis, William A. Mence and Christopher Shutt, of Company E ; Henry Henfling, F. S. Henfling, Henry Stalder, John Turner and Alexander Woodcock, of Company F; John Cunningham and William Cunning- ham, of Company H ; Wilson Hughes and Thomas J. Roves, of Company I ; First Sergeant Robert F. Rea- son, Corporal : William K. Rose, George H. Cottrell, 52 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. December, 1862. Charles P. Riddle, Moses Shaw, Michael Speicht and Everard Tegard, of Company K. CHAPTER VI. Active preparations were making for an advance of the army and a battle that all felt must be fought for the possession of middle Tennessee. There were many skir- mishes and affairs of outposts which, in one instance at least, approached almost to the dignity of battle. Trie foragers had almost daily encounters with the enemy, but all these were only incidental to the concentration of two large armies, each of which was anxious to try the issue of battle once more. In the reorganization of the army which took place about the beginning of the month, the Thirty-sixth bri- gade was detached from Sheridan's division, and on the loth returned to Nashville for garrison duty. General Rosecrans had assigned Brigadier Robert B. Mitchell to the command of that important post, with the brigades of Brigadier James D. Morgan and Colonel Daniel Mc- Cook, to garrison the city. Of the departure of tfie bri- gade from his division, General Sheridan said:* "Col- onel Daniel McCook's brigade reluctantly joined the garrison at Nashville, everyone in it disappointed and disgusted that the circumstances at the time existing should necessitate their relegation to the harassing and tantalizing duty of protecting our depots and line of sup- ply." On arriving at Nashville the brigade went into * Vol. I, page 210, General Sheridan's Personal Memoirs. December, 1862. GARRISON AT NASHVILLE. 53 camp not far from where the Vanderbilt University now stands and occupied that camp or one in the immediate vicinity during its term of service in the Nashville garri- son. The two brigades assigned to garrison Nashville in December, 1862, remained together until the close of the war, and were composed of the following commands : FIRST BRIGADE. General James D. Morgan Commanding. Tenth Illionis Colonel John Tillson. Sixteenth Illinois Colonel Robert F. Smith. Sixtieth Illinois Colonel Silas C. Toler. Tenth Michigan Lieutenant-Colonel C. J. Dickerson. Fourteenth Michigan Colonel Myndert W. Quackenbush. SECOND BRIGADE. Colonel Daniel McCook Commanding. Eighty-fifth Illinois Colonel Robert S. Moore. Eighty-sixth Illinois Lieutenant-Colonel D. W. Magee. One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Illinois Col. Oscar F. Harmon. Fifty-second Ohio Lieutenant-Colonel D. D. T. Cowen. ARTILLERY. Captain Charles M. Barnett Commanding. Battery I, Second Illinois. The First brigade had been on garrison duty at this place since the beginning of the Confederate invasion of Kentucky. It was strong in numbers, thoroughly drilled, and officers and men appeared the seasoned vet- eran soldiers that they were. The campaign from Louisville to Nashville had been necessarily severe on the new troops. The men had been given and set out on this their first campaign with the full allowance of equipment, consisting of all that mys- terious and curiously contrived outfit which was for a long time issued to the infantry an outfit that no old 54 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. December, 1862. soldier would, and no new soldier could carry and wear without breaking- down. The result was that many broke down under the unreasonable burdens, while the bad water available along the line of march, owing to the prevailing drouth, produced much sickness, which had greatly thinned the ranks of the Second brigade. All through the winter the camp regulations were very strict, no one being allowed to pass the limits of the camp without written permission. Reveille sounded every morning at half-past five o'clock. Roll-caH fol- lowed immediately, every man being required to take his place in line in the company street, those failing to re- spond being placed on extra duty. Then followed prep- arations for breakfast, after which the grounds were thoroughly policed. At half-past eight came guard- mount, a part of the detail being assigned for picket duty and a part for camp guard. At half-past nine company drill began, lasting from one to two hours. In the early afternoon there was battalion drill, and at half-past four came dress parade. Before the command left Nashville, guard-mount, battalion drill and dress parade became very elaborate affairs. The first thing demanding the attention of the new commander on his arrival at Nashville was the supply of his army. The railroad from Louisville to Nashville had been badly damaged by rebel cavalry raids and at least one long tunnel blown up. But the railroad was re- paired and the line of supply reopened, and sufficient supplies accumulated to justify an advance against the enemy. New clothing was issued and the divisions left on guard at points on the railroad were drawn in and placed in camps south of the city. During the first two December, 1862. GARRISON AT NASHVILLE- 55 months of his command General Rosecrans had been untiring in his efforts to assimilate with his army the new troops that had been attached, and had obtained authority from Washington to dismiss from the army all officers who failed from any cause to do their whole duty. Under this authority many officers were permitted to resign their resignation being endorsed at army head- quarters "for the good of the service." On the 26th General Rosecrans with 47,000 men of all arms began the advance against the enemy, who was known to be fully as strong in numbers and in a position of his own choice in front of Murfreesboro. The advance met with stubborn resistance, which steadily increased until the battle of Stone River had been fought and won and Murfreesboro wrested from the defeated foe. Early in the day the roar of artillery could be distinctly heard in the camp of the Eighty-fifth, and from that time there were rumors of disaster to the Union army. These rumors may have been inspired in part by the citizens of the city, who were notoriously disloyal, and in part by anxiety caused by the well-known fact that the rebel army was quite as strong in numbers as that of its assail- ant. These rumors and the impossibility of getting reli- able news from the front made the closing days of the year days of great anxiety for the "Government people" at Nashville. At noon on January 2nd, 1863, the Eighty-fifth, with the Fourteenth Michigan, and a brigade of Kentucky and Tennessee troops, moved out on the Murfreesboro pike. While waiting tHere we learned from soldiers re- turning from the front, who had been slightly wounded, that a bloody battle was still in progress, and that while 56 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. January, 1863. it had opened on the morning of December 3ist, with a decided advantage to the enemy, who at that time as- sumed the offensive, that since noon of that day the bat- tle had been in favor of the Union arms. Moreover, we learned another thing, which at first was disagreeable news, but after a moment's reflection was accepted as an assurance that our army was not only still fighting, but proposed to continue the battle. This report was that a large train loaded with provisions and ammunition, which had been sent out from Nashville, had been at- tacked that morning at Lavergne by rebel cavalry, the guards dispersed, and the train captured and destroyed, and that the command was then waiting to guard an- other train to the front. This train was composed of three hundred and three heavily loaded wagons, contain- ing both provisions and ammunition. It was near sunset when the long train closed up on the pike, and the long night's march began. Near the asylum, some seven miles out, the advance had a sharp fight with the cavalry of the enemy, in which the enemy was routed, with the loss of several in killed and wounded and ten prisoners. Soon after dark, as if the elements were in league with the foe, rain began to pour down, which continued without ceasing throughout the weary night. At Lavergne the command passed the wreck of the train captured in the morning, the wagons still burn- ing. The turnpike was in fairly good condition and steadily, hour after hour, the men marched on through mud and rain and darkness, to the tedious rumble of the wagons. The tiresome monotony of the march was only broken when some driver felt called upon to exhort his mules with warlike language to greater effort. It was a P. L. DIKFFlfiNBACHKR, SL'KGECm, 57 Of Hf Atlanta began. The Fourteenth corps held on to the Utoy creek line until all the other corps passed to its rear and on toward the coveted rail- road. At three o'clock on the morning of the 27th the Second division retired from the line at Willis Mills on Utoy creek, and marched some two miles southwest, where it was massed, and the Eighty-fifth was sent to the picket line. In the afternoon the enemy's pickets came in sight, but as they maintained an attitude of observa- tion at a safe distance they were not molested. The next morning we moved to Mount Gilead church, where we passed the Fourth corps, and the division again became the right flank of the entire army. The enemy was found on the south side of Camp creek, but he was quickly dis- persed by the skirmishers of the Second brigade. A bridge was built, over which we crossed, and the division 14 222 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. September, 1864. arrived on the Montgomery railroad, one-half mile east of Red Oak, that evening. During the 2Qth the com- mand was engaged in destroying the railroad, and on the next morning we marched to Shoal Creek church, where we rested for several hours, the division being massed as if an attack was anticipated. In the afternoon the com- mand moved to within six miles of Jonesboro, on the Macon railroad, and camped for the night. Orders were issued to be ready to march at daylight on the 3ist, but no movement was made until afternoon. About three o'clock the noise of battle was heard in the direction of Jonesboro, and the First and Third brigades moved rapidly in the direction of the fighting. But the firing soon ceased, and the division camped at Renfroes cross roads. The enemy had been found in strong force at Jonesboro, a small town on the Macon railroad, twenty-two miles south of Atlanta, behind heavy earth- works. West of the town his line ran nearly north and south, but north of the village it made an abrupt turn, ran east to the railroad, and beyond that extended some distance to the southeast. His entire line was well for- tified with artillery at the angles, in position to sweep his front, making a very difficult line to carry by direct as- sault. During the afternoon the Army of the Tennes- see had closed down on the enemy from the west, devel- oped his line to the angle north of the town and en- trenched a position facing that of the enemy. On Thursday morning, September ist, the Four- teenth army corps wheeled to the right, using our divis- ion as a pivot, with the intention of storming the rebel right. The Second division was to keep in touch with the left of the Army of the Tennessee. About noon the September, 1864. ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. 223 movement brought the corps in line parallel to the ene- my's works north of the town, and it was formed into an assaulting column in an old open cotton field. As we emerged from the woods just beyond Flint river a shell from a rebel battery revealed to us the position of the enemy's line. The first shot was succeeded by others in quick succession, and as our column formed in full view it made an attractive mark for the rebel gunners. Their first shots passed over our heads or struck the ground in front, but they soon got the range and their shells burst around and among us at a lively rate. Our division was formed with the Second and Third brigades in front, each in two lines, with the batteries in the interval be- tween the brigades, while the First brigade was held in reserve. The Third brigade had the right of the line and was formed in the following order: First line, Twenty- second Indiana on the right, the Fifty-second Ohio on the left, and the One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Illinois in the center, the Eighty-fifth, Eighty-sixth and One Hundred and Tenth Illinois forming the second line. From our line it was about one thousand yards to the rebel batteries in the angle, with a swamp and sev- eral deep ditches intervening. As soon as our batteries could get into position they opened fire and a furious cannonade ensued. To the left as far as we could see brigades were massed for a charge, with batteries thun- dering from the intervals between them, flags waving and flashing in the sunlight, staff officers dashing here and there, all made a martial scene grand and inspiring in the highest degree. At the command the men moved forward with bayonets fixed and their empty guns at the right shoulder-shift. 224 . HISTORY OF THE) 85TH ILLINOIS. September, 1864. The swamp and ditches encountered were .so difficult to cross that the Second and Third brigades had to move by the right flank some distance, and then cross in regi- mental column. The crossing was accomplished as rap- idly as possible, and the First brigade was brought up and placed in the front line on the left of the division. All this time the troops were under fire from the rebel batteries, and many were killed and wounded by shells. The assaulting column was reformed on the slope of a hill beyond the swamp, within about two hundred yards of the enemy's position. Here the ground offered a slight protection, a brief halt was made, and the line rec- tified. Soon the bugles sounded the charge, and the whole line rushed forward. The enemy, self-confident and exultant at our audacity in attacking lines so strong, held his musketry fire until we were in short range, when his first volley killed and wounded at least one-half the men lost in the assault. The fight was short and bloody, but his entire line of works was carried. Eight hundred and sixty-five officers and men, including one brigade commander, were captured in the works. About one thousand more were picked up during the night which should be credited to the assault. The Second division captured two four-gun batteries, one thousand stand of small arms and six battle flags. These trophies were won at the point of the sword and bayonet, under a furi- ous fire of musketry, on ground swept by grape and can- nister, from men whose fighting qualities have never been excelled, posted behind breast-works as strong as men long trained in the art of constructing defensive works could make them. While gallantly leading the brigade near the enemy's September, 1864. ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. 225 works Colonel Dilworth received a severe wound, a musket ball passing through his neck, and he was carried from the field. Lieutenant Colonel J. W. Langley, of the One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Illinois, being next in rank, assumed command of the brigade. The Eighty- fifth was now on the right of the front line, and under a heavy fire from a force seeking to penetrate between our right and the left of the Army of the Tennessee. Here Major Robert G. Rider, commanding the Eighty-fifth, received a gunshot wound in the head .and the command of the regiment devolved upon Captain James R. Grif- fith, of Company B. Other regiments were brought up in line with the Eighty-fifth, and heavy firing was kept up until long after dark, checking the advance of the enemy, who was then no doubt preparing to retreat. The assault was the only entirely successful one of the campaign, and decided the fate of Atlanta. The troops slept on their arms, and were startled during the night by what appeared to be terrific artillery firing in the direction of Atlanta. All supposed there had been a night assault by the Twentieth corps, but w^e learned next day that the noise proceeded from the explosion of ammunition, the rear guard of the enemy having de- stroyed his abandoned ordnance stores as his army retreated from the city. The Twentieth corps moved forward at daylight, occupying the city and taking charge of the property not yet destroyed. The morn- ing of the 2nd found nothing in our front save the wreck of a defeated enemy, who had retreated during the night, leaving his dead unburied and his wounded uncared for. It is the most trying moment in the experience of a soldier, when a charging column is preparing for the 226 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. September, 1864. final dash against the enemy's works. The pressure on brain and nerve is intense, and under the strain some become panic stricken, while others perform the most valorous deeds. Just as the line was being adjusted for the supreme effort three men broke from the ranks of a certain regiment and ran back into the fields. While running up the side of a hill seemingly beyond the danger Hne an avenging Confederate shell passed over the heads of hundreds at the front and, as if directed by fate, tore two of the fleeing fugitives to fragments. On no other occasion was the use of the bayonet so general or so well authenticated. Three brothers named Noe, of the Tenth Kentucky, went over the rebel parapet together, and two of them pinned their adver- saries to the ground with the bayonet.* In this assault the fact was demonstrated that where men make an as- sault with empty guns the bayonet can be freely and effectively used. Of the troops engaged in the assault at Jonesboro all belonged to the Fourteenth corps, and those composing the storming column consisted of the Second division entire, and one brigade of the Third division. The vic- tory was rich in the spoil of the battlefield. Nearly two thousand prisoners, two batteries, one thousand stand of small arms and seven battle flags were among the trophies. No such capture of men and material had been made since the storming of Mission Ridge. In addition to being the only successful assault on the enemy's main line in the long campaign, more cannon, battle flags and munitions of war were captured by the Second division at Rome and Jonesboro than were captured by the entire * Rebellion Records, No. 72, page 753. September, 1864. ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. 227 army between Dalton and Atlanta. And the glory be- longs in part to the officers and men of the Eighty-fifth, the living and the dead, who had a part in that trying campaign. For nearly four months they had been almost constantly under fire, at every moment liable to be picked off, while the sound of whistling bullet and bursting shell had seldom been out of their ears. In the assault the Second division lost five hundred and forty in killed and wounded, of which one hundred and thirty-five were from the Third brigade. At Jones- boro the Eighty-fifth sustained the following CASUALTIES. FIELD AND STAFF. WOUNDED Colonel Caleb J. Dilworth, commanding the brigade; Major Robert G. Rider, commanding the regiment. COMPANY B. KILLED Corporal Lewis Boarmaster. COMPANY D. WOUNDED Corporal William D. Close, Jacob S. Dew, Henry Howarth and Newton C. Patterson. COMPANY E. KILLED Thomas Owens. COMPANY F. KILLED Sergeant David Hamilton. COMPANY H. WOUNDED Corporal Thomas B. Engle and William Frietley. COMPANY I. WOUNDED Sergeant Neal P. Hughes and Ellis Moore. COMPANY K. KILLED First Sergeant Smith B. Horsey. WOUNDED Sergeant Charles Pond. On Sunday morning, the 4th, the Third brigade was ordered to escort the prisoners and hospital train to Atlanta. The men enjoyed their two days of rest after- the battle, and were prepared for a long and rapid march, 228 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. September, 1864. and reached the city that evening. The prisoners able to march numbered some seventeen hundred men, and these marched two and two in the middle of the road, while the command marched in four ranks, two on either side of the captives. Arriving in the city the prisoners were turned over to the garrison, and the Third brigade went into camp on the west side. Within the next few days General Sherman's entire army returned to the vicinity of the city, and went into camps at the follow- ing points : The Army of the Tennessee at East Point, the Army of the Ohio at Decatur, and the Army of the Cumberland in and around Atlanta. During the campaign the following changes oc- curred among the commissioned officers: Adjutant Clark N. Andrus died on July 23rd of wounds received at Kennesaw mountain, and First Lieutenant Preston C. Hudson, of Company I, was commissioned to succeed him on that date. The position of first assistant surgeon had long been vacant, when Dr. Gilbert W. Southwick, of Arcadia, 111., was appointed to that position under date of August 29th. First Sergeant John K. Milner, of Company A, died of wounds received at Peach Tree creek; he had been commissioned first lieutenant of his company on March 2Oth, 1863, but for lack of the re- quired number of men he had never been mustered. He died on the twentieth of August in the hands of the enemy. On the 2Qth of August Captain James T. Mc- Neil, of Company H, resigned and First Lieuten- ant Ira A. Mardis was promoted to be captain. Captain McNeil had never recovered from the hardships and exposure of the rebel prison. During the Atlanta campaign the following deaths September, 1864. ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. 229 occurred in the Eighty-fifth from diseases or wounds : FIELD AND STAFF. Adjutant Clark N. Andrus. COMPANY A Corporal Calvin W. Boon, John F. Anno, William Dortzfield and David Kratzer, of wounds. COMPANY B William Buff alow, of wounds; William H. Skiles, of disease. COMPANY C Corporal Thomas Stagg, Jeremiah Deiterich, Dan- iel Daugherty, William H. Neeley, James K. Young and Thomas M. Young, of wounds; and James Moslander, of dis- ease. COMPANY D John J. Murphy and Hugh Morgan, of wounds; and Willard Hicks, of disease in Andersonville prison. COMPANY E First Sergeant A. J. Taylor, Sergeant William F. Hohamer, Corporal Bowling Green, Corporal James N. Sheets and James E. Thomas, of wounds. COMPANY G Silas Dodge, of wounds. COMPANY H Charles A. Hughes, of disease; John A. Thompson, of wounds. COMPANY I Charles Cain, of disease. COMPANY K John Seibenborn, of disease. The official reports at the close of the Atlanta cam- paign show that the aggregate loss of the Third brigade was one thousand and eighty-nine, distributed among the regiments as follows :* Twenty-second Indiana 231 Fifty-second Ohio 253 Eighty-fifth Illinois 194 Eighty-sixth Illinois 176 One Hundred and Tenth Illinois 29 One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Illinois 206 Total . ....1,089 * Rebellion Records, Serial No. 72, page 717. 230 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. September, 1864. The casualties in the Second division numbered twenty-four hundred and seventy-two, and the aggre- gate loss by each brigade was reported as follows :* First brigade 536 Second brigade 847 Third brigade 1,089 Total 2,472 The Atlanta campaign had ended; a campaign des- tined to live in history as long as brilliant strategy is studied, and the history of stubborn, continuous fighting is read. And well had the Eighty-fifth borne its part, and sustained the record for heroism and gallantry won on the threshold of its career, at Perryville. The Presi- dent, Congress, the press and the loyal people of the land gave unstinted praise to General Sherman and the gal- lant officers and soldiers who had forced their way over broad rivers and through mountain passes from Chatta- nooga to the "Gate City." But tne rebel army had not been destroyed, and other arduous campaigns, much marching, and hard battles must yet be fought, and in them the Eighty-fifth was to have a conspicuous part. At this time the official reports show an aggregate pres- ent for duty in the regiment of two hundred and nine- teen. * Rebellion Records, Serial No. 72, page 643. September, 1864. RESTING AT ATLANTA. 231 CHAPTER XIX. During the stay in Atlanta the Eighty-fifth camped on the left of the White Hall road, just beyond the city limits. The camp was well located, fuel and water con- venient, little duty was required, the men were allowed the freedom of the city, and all who cared to do so made the circuit of the works erected for its defense. These earthworks had required the labor of thousands of slaves for months, and were models of strength and solidity, and while General Sherman was preparing plans for a new aggressive campaign, the men discussed the prob- able direction of their next march. In the meantime, General Hood was preparing to assume the offensive, and startle the country by a campaign bold in its concep- tion, but destined to end in signal failure. The rest at Atlanta continued for nearly a month, the health of the regiment was greatly improved, and its numbers were increased by the return of many of those who had fallen out because of sickness or wounds during the campaign. In the exchange of prisoners, which took place at this time, some of our comrades were for- tunate enough to be included, and returned to duty. A strong inner line of earthworks was constructed so that a small force might hold the city against assault, and nearly all non-combatants were sent north or soutfi, whichever way they chose to go. Upon a hint from army headquarters that a limited number would be fur- loughed, a few officers and men applied for twenty-five- days' furloughs. But the approval of these applications was destined to meet the command far to the north. 232 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. October, 186*. On Thursday, the 29th, the Second division received orders to be ready to march at a moment's notice, and there were rumors of a raid in the rear. By eight o'clock three days' rations had been issued, and all were in readi- ness, but the day passed without further orders. Mean- while the men waited and ate, and ate and waited, until, as is usual under such circumstances, many of them had eaten their three days' allowance in a single day. Soon after dark the command moved to the railroad and boarded a train of empty freight cars, which reached Chattanooga the following evening. From there the division proceeded on the same train to Huntsville, Ala., where it arrived at noon of Sunday, October ist. The brigade went into camp south of the town, and soon the tired men were fast asleep. But this much-needed rest only lasted two hours, when the bugles sounded the as- sembly, and the command hurried back to the station to take the train so lately abandoned for Athens. A few miles out from Huntsville the railroad track was found torn up and the command left the train and marched to Athens, arriving on the afternoon of the 3rd. When the Eighty-fifth, with the other troops com- prising the Second division, hurried aboard the train at Atlanta, and officers and men were packed in dirty freight cars like sardines in a box, it was understood that the movement was of great urgency, but nothing was known of our destination. Now it was learned that the rebel general, Forrest, with a large force of cavalry had crossed the Tennessee river and attacked the garrison at Huntsville. But the advance of the Second division compelled him to abandon the fight, and retire in the direction of Athens. Damage to the railroad 'was For- October/1864. BACK IN ALABAMA. 233 rest's main object, but General Morgan's advance was so rapid that little was accomplished in that line by the raid- ers, and they soon sought safety in flight. From Athens the enemy moved in the direction ol Florence, on the Tennessee river, and on the morning of the 4th the Second division moved in pursuit. In the afternoon the command forded Elk river, the water reaching to the arm-pits of the men, and camped for the night at Rogersville, some four miles beyond. A heavy rain had been falling through the day, which continued without ceasing throughout the night, and the men spent a miserable night. An early start was made on the next morning, the command crossing Shoal creek during the day, and camped for the night within six miles of Florence. The Third brigade had the advance on the morning of the 6th. Our skirmishers soon found the enemy, and rapidly drove Forrest's rear guard through the town and beyond the river. In this skir- mish John W. McClaren, of Company H, was wounded. He had but recently recovered from a wound received near Dallas, Georgia. On the evening of the Qth a division of cavalry com- manded by General C. C. Washburn arrived to take up the pursuit of Forrest. The men thought that these troopers boasted overmuch of what they would do with Forrest when they found him, and were not at all sur- prised to learn later that they had found him a very tough proposition. The Second division started back to Athens on the morning of the loth, and at the same time, with a flourish of trumpets, the cavalry division crossed the river to hunt Forrest. Soon after starting we could hear the roar of artillery in the direction the 234 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. October, 1864. cavalry had taken, and the men were assured that our troopers had ''found Forrest." Long afterward we learned that Forrest had turned on his over-confident pursuers and whipped them to his heart's content. An- other illustration of the truth that "He should boast that putteth off the armor rather than he that girdeth it on." From the time the command took the train at At- lanta until it arrived at Florence the rain fell heavily and almost continuously. The roads became very muddy and the streams were swelled to the tops of their banks. The bridges had been destroyed by the enemy, the com- mand had no pontoons, and the men had to ford the streams. The water, reaching at times to the armpits, kept their clothing wet and increased the weight they had to carry. The little sleep they secured was that of exhaustion and afforded them but little rest. Their clothing was worn, many were without shoes, and all were footsore and weary. Perhaps the trip from At- lanta to Florence came as near taxing to the utmost the physical endurance of the men as any campaign thus far experienced. However, the weather cleared up while at Florence, and the return to Athens was much more com- fortable, although the march was rapid, the command arriving there on the evening of the I2th. The application for furloughs made at Atlanta was approved and met the command at this point, and a few of the Eighty-fifth left for home on the first train for the north. They little thought that the fortunes of war would interfere with their return to duty with the regi- ment until the following spring. But at the expiration of these furloughs Sherman's army was on its way to the sea, and those returning from the north were held at October, 1864. AGAIN IN CHATTANOOGA. 235 Chattanooga until they could reach the army on the Atlantic coast. On the 1 3th the Third brigade boarded a freight train and arrived in Chattanooga the next day. While at this place about one-half of the men received shoes, and some clothing was issued, but still there was but a meager supply. The division was kept under marching orders during the stay in Chattanooga, and while there General Sherman was using all the means in his power to bring General Hood's army, which was known to be between Resaca and LaFayette, to battle. In order to understand the situation it is necessary to briefly review the movements of the two armies since the Second division left Atlanta. In the last days of September the President of the Southern Confederacy made a visit to the headquarters of General Hood, and a bold plan of aggression was mapped out. According to this plan Hood was to throw his entire army upon our communications, capture the garrisons and destroy the railroad, then cross the Tennessee river and invade Ten- nessee and Kentucky. In pursuance of this plan Hood soon appeared on the railroad north of Atlanta and with his whole army began destroying the road. This, the first step in the second great Confederate scheme of northern invasion, it was hoped would compel Sherman to abandon Atlanta, and force his armies out of Georgia. But, leaving the Twentieth corps to garrison Atlanta, Sherman moved with all his remaining troops in hot pur- suit, with the hope of forcing the enemy to a general en- gagement. Hood destroyed over thirty miles of rail- road, captured the garrisons at Big Shanty, Ackworth, Tilton and Dalton, but was repulsed at Altoona and 236 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. October, 18W. Resaca. At Altoona Hood met a decided repulse with heavy loss. Although the garrison at this point num- bered less than two thousand men, it captured over four hundred prisoners and buried two hundred and thirty- one of the enemy's dead left on the field. This would show, according to the usual proportion of killed ;:o the wounded, that the loss of the enemy exceeded in num- ber the entire strength of the garrison. But Hood was marching light and living on the country; his strategy was brilliant; his movements were executed with dash and skill, and it was found impossible to bring him to a general engagement, Tuesday, the i8th, our division, with Wagner's di- vision of the Fourth corps, under the personal command of General Schofield, moved out on the L/aFayette road across the battlefield of Chickamauga, camping for the night at Lee and Gordon's mills. The next day the march led through LaFayette, the command camping just be- yond the town. On the 2Oth we passed the camps occu- pied the night before by the rebel army under General Hood. During the day the Second division came in touch with other divisions of Sherman's army, and for a time a battle seemed probable. The rear guard of the enemy showed a disposition to fight, but after making a pretentious demonstration, he suddenly withdrew from our front, and continued his retreat toward Gadsden, Ala. Within the next two days the entire army was concentrated around Gaylesville, ready for the next move in the game. At Gaylesville, a small town on the eastern border of Alabama, General Sherman's army remained almost a week. It was a period of comparative rest to the rank I>AVIli SIOLKY, CORPORAL. COMPANY B. 237 October, 1864. THE MARCH TO GAYLESVILLE. 239 and file, but of great activity to their commander, for he was completing plans for his march to the sea. Three days' rations of bread, meat and coffee were issued, with orders that they must last five. But as forage was abundant in the rich valleys of that pleasant region this was considered no great hardship. Guard duty was light, as the troops were well massed, and the details sent out for supplies brought in sweet potatoes, meat, mo- lasses and honey. The men operated the mills in the vicinity, and in this way obtained a supply of corn meal and unbolted flour. But by the end of our stay the country was eaten out. While Sherman's army lay at Gaylesville Hood began to move north from Gadsden as if bound for Ten- nessee, and on the 28th, when the main body of our forces moved south from Gaylesville the Fourth corps was sent back to defend the line of the Tennessee river. That day we marched nine miles toward Rome, camp- ing for the night at Missionary station, near the Georgia and Alabama line. The next morning the march was resumed, the command arriving at Rome that afternoon. The Eighty-fifth camped on the north side of the Etowah river on the ground where the Second division fought the battle of Rome in the month of May. On the last day of October the Third brigade guarded the trains of the Fourteenth corps to Kingston, to which point the First and Second brigades followed on the next day. At this time the curious and extraordinary spectacle was seen, of two hostile armies moving in exactly oppo- site directions. As Hood moved north, Sherman marched south, and each embraced in his plan the same 15 240 HISTORY OF THE 8STH ILLINOIS. November, 1864. object the invasion of his adversaries' country. Both were men of sanguine temperament, but the Union leader manoeuvered with a degree of prudence unknown to the insurgent general. At first, General Sherman thought Hood would abandon his plan of invasion, and throw his army to our front, or move south on parallel lines until opportunity offered for battle; but as the enemy's north- ward march continued, it became necessary to provide for the defense of Tennessee. To this end, the Twenty- third army corps was turned back from Rome, with orders to report to General Thomas, who was organiz- ing an army at Nashville to meet and destroy the rebel army in the event it crossed the Tennessee river. Friday, the 4th, Major Harris visited the Eighty- fifth, and officers and men each received eight months' pay. The soldier is a very honest sort of person, although much given to borrowing between pay days, and soon the men were engaged in paying off their small debts. But this large payment coming at a time and place where there was little opportunity for spending money, made the camp unusually flush, and what to do with the surplus money became the question of the hour. Fortunately the regiment had a chaplain whom all could trust, and after securing a leave of absence for that pur- pose, he gathered up the money the men wished to send to family and friends, and left for the north. On arriv- ing home he went to all for whom he had money and delivered it in person. This was but one of the many kindly acts of the good chaplain which endeared him to the men. The presidential election occurred while we lay at Kingston, and on the 8th of November, the regiments November, 1864. THE RETURN TO ATLANTA. 241 from nearly all of the states voted for president. Com- missioners were sent to receive the ballots of those in the army who would have been entitled to vote if at home. But the Illinois soldiers were denied this privilege because a Copperhead legislature had refused to make the necessary provision. So while the men from other states were exercising the elective franchise, those from Illinois had to content themselves with expressing their contempt and hatred for those who brought this wrong upon them. Doubtless among the men from Illinois, there were many "souls made perfect," but if the remarks made upon that occasion are to be considered in evidence, then surely none but the wholly unregener- ate gave utterance to their feelings. On the afternoon of the loth, we marched through Cassville, and then went into camp at Cartersville, where we remained until the morning of the J3th. On the I2th the last railway trains passed going north, and later in the day the telegraph was cut and Sherman and his army were left in the middle of the Southern Confederacy, with no means of communication with the outside world or base of supplies, until he should open one on the sea coast. That day General Sherman took dinner at the headquarters of the Second division, and while there received and answered the last dispatch from the north, and the work of burning surplus army stores and destroying the railroad was commenced. That night the line of fire lighting up the road as far as the eye could reach, revealed the thorough manner in which the work of destruction was being done. On the 1 3th, the division moved at an early Hour, and, after destroying six miles of railroad, marched five 242 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. November, 1864. miles further, camping for the night at Ackworth. The next day we marched twenty-one miles and arrived at Atlanta on the I5th. From Kingston to Atlanta the line of march lay over familiar and historic ground. Trees riven by cannon balls or girdled with fierce mus- ketry; breastworks the command had struggled for but a few short months before, and the graves of both blue and gray, all testified to the determined nature of the summer's conflicts. Everything in the city that could make it valuable to the enemy as a military point was to be destroyed and we found Atlanta wrapped in flames. That night the burning mills, machine shops and warehouses afforded a grand and awe inspiring sight; a sad and melancholy exhibition of the blighting desolation of war. We had left that vicinity forty-five days before, and in that period the Second division marched over two hundred miles, traveled by rail four hundred miles and destroyed seven- teen miles of railroad. Eli F. Neikirk, second lieutenant of Company K, resigned on November 4th, but as the company was below the minimum number, no successor was commis- sioned to fill the vacancy. During the period of which this chapter treats, the following deaths occurred : Henry P. Jones and Martin Troy, of disease, Company D ; Richard Griffin, of Com- pany E, wounds; Clinton Logan, of Company F, was killed by accidental discharge of a musket, and Barn- hart Noblack, of same company, died of wounds; and Sergeant Lorenzo D. Gould, of Company G, died of disease. November, 1*. THE MARCH TO THE SEA. 243 CHAPTER XX. General Sherman divided his army into two grand divisions or wings, the right wing composed of the Fif- teenth and Seventeenth corps, commanded by Major- General O. O. Howard, and the left wing consisting of the Fourteenth and Twentieth corps, commanded by Major-General Henry W. Slocum; and, in addition, there was a cavalry division, commanded by Brigadier- General Judson Kilpatrick, making in round numbers an army of about sixty-five thousand men. The regiments composing this veteran army had been reduced by the casualties of constant service to one-third their original number. The space occupied by a brig- ade at this time was no longer than that filled by a regi- ment when first mustered. A regiment that could parade three hundred men out of the thousand it entered the service with, was considered lucky, and thirty men made more than the average company. Such had been the loss ratio that the files of four at the outset had been reduced, in many instances, to a single soldier. This veteran army was an army of boys and very many of them, while veterans in the service, were yet too young to vote. Commanders of regiments were often less than thirty years of age, while the company and staff officers were generally much younger. Their long hard service had made them fertile in resources, and inspired them with unbounded self-confidence. Glorying in their strength, they waded streams flushed with recent rains; built corduroy roads through dismal swamps; pulled wagons and cannon out of bottomless mudholes 244 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. November, 1864. and stormed the enemy's entrenched lines, with as little concern as they resumed the march in the morning-. Through the return of those recovering from wounds, the exchange of prisoners, and a small number of recruits, the aggregate present for duty had been materially increased. When the march to the sea began, the Second division had an aggregate present for duty of 5,542, of which number 1,721 belonged to the Third brigade. But for the reason given below the number present for duty in the Eighty-fifth cannot be given. Up to the time of the arrival of the Eighty-fifth at Atlanta, each company had been allowed room in the wagon train for a box containing its books and papers, which box, when opened, answered the purpose of a desk. But in September orders were received to pack the records and turn the boxes in to the quartermaster. The understanding at the time was that at the end of the campaign they would be returned. Accordingly morn- ing reports, order books, and retained copies of all papers were packed in company desks and delivered to the quartermaster. It was afterwards reported that all had been shipped to Chattanooga for safe keeping and later that they had been accidentally destroyed by fire. That they were destroyed by fire the writer has no rea- son to doubt, and whether the burning was accidental or intentional, the result was the same all were lost. This was most unfortunate, as the loss of the morning reports renders it impossible to give the strength of the regiment at important periods, and that of the order books makes it equally impossible to give credit to indi- viduals and detachments detailed for special duty. The march to the sea began on the morning of November, IBM. THE MARCH TO THE SEA. 245 November I5th, by the two corps of the right wing mov- ing directly toward Macon. And bright and early on the 1 6th, the Twentieth corps began to march past our camp, but it was near noon before the Second division moved in the rear of the left wing toward Augusta. It will be observed that the two corps of each wing moved on sharply diverging lines, threatening both Macon and Augusta, but the general plan contemplated a concen- tration of the entire army at Milledgeville, the capital of the state, about one hundred miles southeast of Atlanta. We marched ten miles the first day, and camped for the night on Snapfinger creek. The next day we marched sixteen miles, passing through Litho- nia, destroying four miles of railroad, and camped for the night at Con)^ers, thirty miles east of Atlanta by rail. As the destruction of railroad communications between Richmond, the Confederate capital, and the gulf states was an important part of General Sherman's plan, he spared no effort to accomplish that end. And as the method finally adopted for this purpose was both novel and thorough, a brief description is here inserted. A brigade would halt in its march along a railroad line, stack arms and the men scatter along one side of the track Then each man would take hold of a tie, and at the word of command, all lifting together, would throw the ties end over end, the fall breaking the rail loose from the ties. Then the ties would be piled up like cob- houses, and these with other fuel would be set on fire, and the rails thrown across them. In a short time the rails would be red hot in the middle, when the soldiers would seize the rail by the two ends, and wrap it around a tree like a necktie or interlace and twine a pile of them 246 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. November, WM. together in great iron knots, while others with cant- hooks would twist the hot rails into corkscrew patterns, which .it was impossible to straighten, and rendering them useless for any purpose other than old iron. In this way an army corps marching along a railroad could easily destroy ten to fifteen miles in a day. Moreover, to complete the destruction of the enemy's communi- cations, the railway culverts were blown up, the bridges burned and the machine shops were leveled to the ground. The extent of line destroyed was enormous. More than a hundred miles of the road from Chatta- noga running through Atlanta to Macon ; from Atlanta east toward Augusta another hundred miles, and almost the entire length of the Georgia Central was ruined to the suburbs of Savannah. On the iSth, we marched sixteen miles, passing through Covington and Oxford, and destroyed three miles of railroad, camping beyond the-Ulcofauchee river. On the next day we marched twenty miles, passing through Sandtown and camping near Shady Grove. We marched twenty miles on Sun- day, the 2Oth, and camped near Eatonton factories, which we burned. The next day we turned south, marched twelve miles toward Milledgeville, through a heavy rain and over bad roads, and camped south of Cedar creek. We remained in camp the 22nd and the First and Third divisions with the pontoon train passed to the front. Weather cleared up cold after a slight flurry of snow. On the next day, we marched fourteen miles, camping on the plantation of Howell Cobb, who had been secretary of the treasury under Buchanan, and was then a general in the Southern army. This planta- tion abounded in corn, beans, peanuts and sorghum November, 186*. THE MARCH TO THE) SEA. 247 molasses, all of which, together with the fences and buildings, were appropriated by General Davis to the use and comfort of his men. Near our camp was a stack of peanuts, containing probably more than a thou- sand bushels. That night the men roasted and ate of them until many have never cared for peanuts since, and when we left in the morning, the stack caught fire and the remainder was consumed. Indeed the fire con- sumed about all found on this traitor's plantation that hungry men and animals could not eat. We passed through Milledgeville about ten o'clock on the 24th, crossed the Oconee river, and moved in the direction of Louisville. Up to this time there had been no organized force to resist our progress, or to even seriously interfere with our rollicking foragers. Appeals as fervid as they were futile had been made by both Con- federate and state authorities, calling upon the people to rise and expel the invaders from the state, but the utter helplessness of the situation was so apparent to all that the people, paralyzed with fear, paid little or no heed to the noisy but impotent proclamations. But when near Saundersville, on the 26th, our old time enemy, General Wheeler, with his cavalry appeared on the scene and drove our foragers in on the main column. The Second brigade being in advance deployed, and, after a sharp skirmish, drove the enemy through the town, with the loss of one killed and two wounded. We crossed the Ogeechee river on the next day and arrived at Louisville on the evening of the 28th, where we remained for two days. On the next day a foraging party was suddenly sur- rounded and captured. They were disarmed and hur- 248 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS November, WM. ried a short distance into the woods, where they were stood in line by their inhuman captors, and deliberately shot down in cold blood. Several were instantly killed, and the wounded shammed death until their captors left the scene. Soon after the camp was aroused by one of the slightly wounded, and a strong skirmish line advanced and recovered the dead and relieved the wounded. In this affair the loss of the Eighty-fifth was as follows: KILLED William Earp, sergeant of Company F; Simon Heaton, of Company H. WOUNDED Sergeant F. M. McColgan, of Company F; Corporal Perry W. Clupper, of Company G. Warned by this experience, our foraging party was strongly reinforced the next morning, which was very fortunate as the events of the day proved. The forag- ing party of the 3Oth, found abundant forage some eight miles from camp and had filled their wagons by noon. But while eating their dinner previous to the return trip, the rebel cavalry suddenly appeared between them and camp and opened fire. The men quickly ral- lied, however, and charged through the enemy's line, but by the time they had routed the foe and closed up- their forage train, the enemy was found again in their front. The news of the peril surrounding the foragers soon reached camp and the Eighty-fifth started on the double quick to their assistance, reaching them none too soon, as they had charged and scattered the rebel cavalry eight times that afternoon and were well nigh exhausted. They had, however, pluckily held on to their forage train. About the time the regiment started to the relief of the sorely-pressed foragers the other regi- December, 1864. THE MARCH TO THE SEA. 249 ments were advanced against the enemy, who were boldly threatening the camp, and after a sharp skirmish drove him out of a line of earthworks and a mile or more beyond. A cotton gin containing forty or fifty bales of cotton, from behind which the enemy had fired on our men, was burned. We moved from Louisville on December ist, our division guarding the corps train and reserve artillery, while the other two divisions marched on parallel roads to our left. We marched in this way for several days until we reached the Savannah river. The roads ran through swamps that had to be corduroyed before the train could pass, the country was generally flat and sparsely settled, and while the foragers found a fair sup- ply of meat and sweet potatoes, flour and meal were very scarce. On Sunday, the 4th, we destroyed three miles of railroad at Lumpkins station, and the next evening, after a hard day's march over difficult roads, we camped at Jacksonboro, near the point where Brier creek falls into the Savannah river. On the 6th, we marched twenty miles, moving not far from and parallel with the river. Our route led us through dismal swamps and deep loose sand, through which the train moved with great difficulty. We camped after dark near Hud- son's Ferry. An amusing incident occurred at this camp, which delayed the supper of a hungry mess. Near Milledge- ville a colored man came to a certain mess and offered to cook meals and carry its outfit on the march, in return for permission to go along with the army. He was the blackest man the writer ever saw; of powerful build and gigantic stature. But his speech was a kind 250 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. December, 1864. of jargon and very difficult to understand, and from the disconnected story he told around our camp fire, it appeared that he was a native of Africa; that he had been brought oyer by a slave trader from the African coast but a short time before the war began, and sold to a Georgia planter living in the vicinity of the state capital. He proved to be a good cook, a noble forager and provided the best the country afforded for the mess. As soon as fires had been kindled on that occasion for cooking supper, and as the colored man, with a camp kettle in each hand, was starting for a supply of water, a rebel gun-boat over in the river opened fire, sending a monstrous sixty-four-pounder shell screaming over our heads. In passing, it tore branches from the trees, which added to the infernal noise made in its flight. At the moment of its passage, the writer was looking at the cook, perhaps somewhat anxiously, as he was very hungry, and saw him bound into the air, give an unearthly scream, fling his camp kettles to the wind and go bounding end over end through the brush, to disap- pear in the darkness. He vanished as completely as if he had been translated, and we never saw him afterward. Fortunately the gunboat, which was probably patrolling the river, only fired one shot, but it was observed that the men were content to cook on low fires and eat in the dark. On the 7th, we marched fifteen miles, passing through two swamps that were badly obstructed by trees felled by the enemy to delay the advance, and camped near Ebenezer Creek. The next day we had to wait until pontoons were brought up and bridges built before we could cross the two streams known as Big and Little December, 1864. THE MARCH TO THE SEA. 251 Ebenezer. This was historic ground, Ebenezer church, standing at the roadside, having been a rallying point for General Marion and his men in the War of the Revo- lution. It was dark when we camped that evening, the rain was falling steadily, and everything in the shape of fuel was soaked with water. Finally, when with much effort the men had succeeded in starting their fires, and had just put their coffee on to boil, orders were received to fall in and return to Ebenezer creek. Wheeler's cav- alry was pressing the rear guard and threatening the pontoon train with capture. The wet, tired, and hun- gry men, while taking their places in the ranks, made many forcible if not elegant remarks descriptive of their feelings, and expressive of their forlorn condition. But perhaps no one came nearer expressing the sentiment of the entire brigade than did a soldier who was observed to linger to the last, over a coffee can that refused to boil. At the last moment, he kicked his can over and his fire out, and as he slung his musket across his back and started to take his place in his company, his strong, clear voice rang out in perfect time, as he sang a profane parody of the line in that familiar song, "O, when this cruel war is over." The return of the Third brigade to Ebenezer creek promptly checked the enemy and we camped about midnight on the north bank of that stream. On the 9th, we marched eight miles, built bridges over two creeks, and ran up against a line of rebel earthworks, with a battery planted at the point where the works crossed the road. The enemy had selected a strong position to make a brief stand with a few men, at a point where a road 252 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. December, 1864. passed between two swamps. When the rebel battery opened on the head of the column, the Third brigade was promptly deployed on both sides of the road, and our battery was brought up and returned the enemy's fire. In the artillery duel which followed, Lieutenant Coe, of Battery I, Second Illinois artillery, was killed, and two men on the skirmish line were wounded. The death of Lieutenant Coe cast a gloom over the entire brigade, where he was well known for his courage and skill, and where he was universally respected for his gentlemanly bearing. At this time darkness intervened and the entire brigade remained as a picket line for the night. We afterward learned that the enemy had intended to defend the city, only fifteen miles distant, on the line of defenses here encountered. This line of de- tached works extended from the Savannah river on the east to the Ogeechee river on the west. But the rapid advance of the right wing of the army down the right bank of the Ogeechee turned the enemy under General Hardee out of this line of works, and forced him to fall back to his interior line at the city. The next morning we found the works in our front abandoned and we advanced to the Ten-mile House, where we fell in with the Twentieth corps, which had the right of way, and we camped at that point for the night. On Sunday, the nth, we closed down on the enemy's defenses at Savan- nah, which were found to be very formidable and armed with an abundance of heavy artillery. Savannah was then a city of some twenty-five thou- sand people, is situated on the right bank of the Savan- nah river and distant but fifteen miles from the ocean. It is built upon an elevation about forty feet above tide December, 186t. THF MARCH TO THE SEA. 253 water, as near the harbor entrance as suitable ground on which to build a city could be found. Just below the city the land sinks almost to the level of the sea, and is cut into islands by canals or creeks. The Savannah and Ogeechee rivers fall into the ocean near each other, and for about fifty miles from the sea, a strip of land sep- arates them not more than ten to fifteen miles in width. As our army approached from the north, down this nar- row strip of land, it formed a compact line from the Savannah river on the left to the Ogeechee near King's bridge on the right. The skirmish line in front of the Second division was near the three-mile post, the entrenched lines of the enemy being about a quarter of a mile nearer the city. On December I3th, a division of the Fifteenth army corps, commanded by General William B. Hazen, stormed and carried Fort McAllister, on the right bank of the Ogeechee, capturing the entire garrison, together with the armament of the fort. This brilliant feat of arms solved the question of a base of supplies on the sea coast, by opening the Ogeechee river to light draught steamers, by the use of which supplies could be brought up to King's bridge and landed in the rear of the right of the army. The capture of this fort v/as of vast importance. The foragers were no longer able to procure either food or forage, in a country almost entirely devoted to rice farming, and for several days the army had been living on short rations drawn from the scant supply brought from Atlanta in the wagon trains. But the successful issue of the assault on Fort McAllis- ter not only insured abundant food supplies, as soon as the river could be cleared of obstructions, but the mails 254 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. December, 1864. would be brought up and we would hear from the loved ones at home. Through the thoughtfulness of General Grant, a fleet of vessels loaded with supplies for the army was waiting for the arrival of Sherman's army on the coast. The mails which had accumulated since his departure from Atlanta had with like care been forwarded by a despatch boat, and on the i/th the hearts of the men were made glad by the distribution of the mails that had piled up during their sojourn in tfie tottering Confed- eracy. In the meantime a heavy fire was maintained along the skirmish lines and the enemy's workswere reconnoit- ered to find, if possible, points where they might be car- ried by storm. Several points in front of the Fourteenth corps were selected, where it was thought the enemy's entrenched lines might be carried. Siege guns were brought up from the fleet outside the harbor, and placed in batteries to protect the assaulting columns. Light bridges were constructed for the men to carry, with which to cross the canals and ditches that might be encountered in the charge, which promised to be san- guinary. But before arrangements for the assault had been completed, the enemy withdrew from the city, crossed the river and retired into South Carolina. The enemy retreated during the night of the 2Oth, and before daylight the next morning our skirmishers entered his abandoned works, thus ending a brilliant and successful campaign by the capture of Savannah. Among the property abandoned by the fleeing enemy were two hun- dred and fifty pieces of heavy artillery and over thirty thousand bales of cotton. .JOSEPH B. CO3VOVKR, 255 December, 1864. THE MARCH TO THE SEA. 257 The Third brigade arrived at Savannah with an aggregate strength of 1,714, of which there were present for duty in the Eighty-fifth 232. CHAPTER XXI. When General Sherman determined to abandon Atlanta, march quickly across three hundred miles of hostile country and seize one of the harbors on the sea coast, the subsistence of the army upon the country became a necessary part of his plan. An army can live on the country while on the march, but it must have the ordinary means of supply within a very few days after it halts, or it will starve. All the ports on the southern coast were known to be fortified ,and presumably strong enough to render abortive any attempt to carry them by storm. Ordinary prudence, therefore, demanded that sufficient provisions be carried in the wagon trains to supply the army while engaged in gaining possession of a harbor on the coast suitable for a new base of supplies. To meet such an emergency twenty days' rations were taken in the wagon trains from Atlanta, but these were not to be issued while the army was moving into new fields each day. In an elaborate general order issued at the beginning of the campaign, General Sherman said, "The armv will forage liberally on the country during the march," and provided for daily details from each brigade, whose duty it should be to gather from the country along the line of march food for the men and forage for the animal s. 16 258 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. December, 18W. The order also provided that the details for foraging should be under the command of discreet officers, and the supplies gathered should be issued by the commis- sary department. The result proved unsatisfactory ; the forage detail lived on the fat of the land, while the troops claimed that they did not get a fair share of the hams and honey, the turkeys and chickens, the pigs, potatoes and molasses. So the plan was modified by authorizing a detail of four men from each company, making a detachment of forty men, under the command of a bold and enterprising officer, to forage for each regiment, the provisions gathered to be issued independent of the commissary department. This plan proved entirely satisfactory. Having been advised of the intended line of march and the probable location of the next camp, the foragers would start before daylight and visit during the day every farm and plantation within five or six miles of the marching column. Wagons, ox-carts and family car- riages were pressed into service and loaded with provi- sions and forage, in short, everything that could be used as food for man or beast was taken, and brought to the road on which the column was marching, if possible, in advance of the trains. Then as we drew near camp in the evening the strange and varied collection, not only of food and forage, but of ingeniously contrived make- shifts of transportation, made a mirth provoking caval- cade. A wagon loaded with corn and cornfodder, drawn by a thoroughbred horse and a scrawny mule, a silver mounted family carriage loaded with hams and bacon drawn by a jackass and a cow in rope harness, and an ox-cart loaded with animals dead and alive, drawn by a December, 186*. THE MARCH TO THE SEA. 259 cow and mule hitched tandem. Oxen and cows, as well as horses and mules, were used by the foragers as pack animals, and these would appear loaded down with tur- keys, chickens, corn meal, sweet potatoes and other vegetables. The extravagant militia uniforms of past genera- tions were occasionally found, and foragers dressed in them added to the comical side of the fantastic proces- sion, as they escorted their improvised trains of booty to the camp. Even the regimentals of the revolutionary period would sometimes appear in the forager's mas- querade. At one time a forager dressed in a continen- tal uniform indicating high rank, with chapeau and wav- ing plume, mounted on a fine horse with a strip of car- pet for a saddle, appeared at the roadside and with mock gravity reviewed the column at it passed. In a country of dense population, where the distance between towns and cities is not great, a requisition for food and forage is practical and far preferable to seizure. But in a region so sparsely settled as that through which our army marched, where towns were few and small, and where supplies were generally found on scattered farms and plantations, there was no way by which pro- visions could be obtained except by direct seizure. For- aging, therefore, became a vital necessity and the for- agers, commonly known as "Sherman's Bummers," per- formed a service without which the march to the sea would have been an impossibility. But the aptitude of the forager for his task, and the originality of his meth- ods, was a revelation alike to all, from the commanding general down to the rank and file. At first the foragers went on foot, but first one and 260 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. November, 1864. then another secured a horse and very soon all were mounted. Moving in advance or on the flanks, they formed a body of ideal rangers. Their long range rifles gave them a decided advantage over the carbines of the enemy's cavalry, and none of his troopers were ever able to break through the foragers' line far enough to feel the marching column. In seeking out hidden stock and stores, and in finding their way about the country, they seemed to be guided by an unerring instinct. In many instances, fearing the rapacity of the "vandal Yankees," the inhabitants had fled, taking with them what they could. Where the premises were abandoned, the for- agers made a clean sweep, but where the citizens were found at home they made a fair divide, leaving enough to support the family. In other cases it was found that the planters had buried their provisions in the ground, and driven their horses, mules and cattle into the swamps for safety, for the Federal and Confederate armies were alike dependent upon foraging for their subsistence. But the men soon became skillful experts in discovering stores that had been buried. From the general appearance of the barns and smoke-houses on the plantation, they quickly decided whether provisions had been buried or stock sent to the swamp. By indi- cations they would probably have found hard to describe they would determine the vicinity in which the stores would likely be found. Then they would advance in line, in open order, driving their ramrods into the ground, and very soon the hidden treasure, whether of bacon and hams or sweet potatoes, would be discovered. Usually a hint from some darkey would indicate the par- ticular swamp where the animals had been concealed, December, 1864. TUB MARCH TO THE SEA. 261 when the horses, mules and beeves would speedily change owners. Gathering- subsistence was not the only service ren- dered by the bold and dashing foragers. They not only had an abiding faith in their own invincibility, but they held the cavalry of the enemy in utter contempt. So when attacked by the enemy, no matter what the num- bers were, they gave fight. Others hearing the firing would hasten to take part, and if forced to retire they fell back fighting, and sooner or later the sound of battle would gather numbers sufficient to rout any cavalry force they ever encountered. In some instances they drove the enemy away, seized bridges before they could be destroyed, and held them until the main column appeared. Their duties called them to endure great hardships, and placed them in grave peril, but their love of fun caused them to give a rollicking turn to the most gloomy situation. When we reached Savan- nah the function of the forager ceased, they surrendered their horses to the provost marshals and returned to their duties in the ranks. No greater compliment can be paid to the so-called "Bummer," and no better proof of the high discipline maintained in our army, can be asked or given than the statement that this fact affords. The march to the sea afforded the troops a rare opportunity to look upon the homes of the south, and to learn how the war affected them. The picture in some instances was sad, in others it was simply ludicrous. In the midst of plenty there was apparent decay. The country was full of what were luxuries to us and no army ever lived better than we did. That an army of sixty-five thousand men could live sumptuously while it 262 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. December, 1864. marched leisurely through a state in which thousands of Union soldiers had died of starvation in prison pens, was a demonstration of the utter untruthfulness of the claim of the rebel authorities, that they were unable to feed the famishing prisoners. In addition to the sheep, swine, fowls, corn meal, and sweet potatoes consumed by the troops while on the march, 13,000 beeves, 5,000 horses, and 4,000 mules were found suitable for army use and were pressed into the service. When the first mail reached the army in front of Savannah, the papers were eagerly searched for news from our comrades in war-wasted Tennessee. It will be remembered that we left General Hood in Northern Alabama, apparently intent upon invading the North. At the same time General Thomas was organizing an army at Nashville to repel the threatened invasion. By the newspaper reports it appeared that after crossing the Tennessee, Hood had been delayed at Pulaski and Columbia, by the defensive tactics resorted to by Gen- eral Thomas, who was manoeuvering to gain time for the concentration of his army. Already impatient at what seemed to him uncalled for delay, when he found the Fourth and Twenty-third army corps entrenched across his path at Franklin, the fiery chief of the rebel army attacked them with rather more than his usual recklessness. The assault was made with the dash and impetuosity so characteristic of the southern soldier, and although the enemy met a bloody repulse, his attacks were continued until far in the night. But it also appeared that after repulsing the enemy with heavy loss at all points, our army had retired during the night December, 1864. THE MARCH TO THE SEA. 263 to Nashville, leaving our dead on the field and followed by the Confederates. While we had no doubt the enemy had been roughly handled in his rash attempt to carry the entrenched lines at Franklin, defended as they were by such veteran soldiers as those of the Fourth and Twenty-third army corps, yet the fact that the retreat of our army had been continued to Nashville, where a great :md decisive battle must soon be fought, caused much solicitude over the situation in Tennessee. But all anxiety was soon re- moved. Almost at the moment of our triumphant entry into Savannah came the news of a glorious victory at Nashville. Our comrades had stormed and carried the enemy's entrenched lines, captured fifteen thousand prisoners, seventy-two pieces of artillery, seventy stand of colors, a large quantity of small arms and other spoils of the battlefield, while the scattered fragments of the rebel army, impelled by the instinct of self-preservation, were flying in dismay and disorder, never to appear again as an organized force. Savannah was an old place, considered of such im- portance at the time of the War of the Revolution that it was besieged in turn by both the American and Brit- ish armies. It was successfully defended against an attack of the British in 1776, but two years later it fell into their possession. In 1779 the American army, commanded by General Lincoln, with our French allies, attempted to recapture it, but was defeated. A monu- ment erected to the memory of Count Pulaski stands on the spot where he fell while gallantly leading his men in the assault. Near the camp of the Eighty-fifth was a sec- tion of grass grown earthworks, but their outlines were 264 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. January, 1865. well preserved, said to have been erected by General Lincoln. During our stay at that point this old em- bankment was much frequented by the players of "chuck-a-luck." In the city were many quaint old buildings, and its streets were lined with shade trees of rare beauty. At many of the street crossings were small parks adorned with the willow-leaf oak, a handsome evergreen, while in the large yards surrounding the homes of the well-to-do, were found magnolias, tropical shrubs and flowers that bloomed the year round. Bay street, the principal thoroughfare, was made beautiful by the rows of trees which divided its ample width into driveways. The plantations just beyond the city limits had been the homes of a wealthy and cultivated society. Gen- erally the homes had been left in charge of colored ser- vants, and were filled with rare books, pictures and other evidences of refined life. Around these plantation houses were giant live-oaks, whose great branches, as large as the trunks of trees in our own northland, spread out wide enough for a regiment to hold dress parade beneath them. From their boughs hung in graceful fes- toons the drooping tillandsia, the long moss of the south, and when glorified by the morning sun these trees presented a never-to-be-forgotten picture. The coast with its numerous bays, estuaries and inlets, was one continuous bed of oysters, furnishing food for the hun- gry and delicacies for the epicure. The mild climate, in which we saw neither ice nor snow, was a luxury not before enjoyed by our army. Moreover, it was obvious that the end of the war was near. The past year had been an eventful one, in which war January, 1865. THE MARCH TO THE SEA. 265 had been waged upon a gigantic scale. At times the nemy, with the energy of despair, had carried the in- vader's banner far northward, to meet in every instance irretrievable defeat. In the east, General Early led his troops almost to the defenses around the National Cap- ital, to be defeated, and later his army destroyed by Gen- eral Sheridan. In the west we have seen the army under Hood ruined at Nashville by General Thomas, and be- yond the Mississippi, when General Sterling Price assayed the role of invader, General Rosecrans captured his cannon, destroyed his wagon train and dispersed his followers. There was, therefore, but one army left for the defense of the Confederacy, and that was held at Petersburg in Grant's relentless, vice-like grip. Soldiers of all grades felt well assured that when our army moved from Savannah our colors would point toward the rebel capital. At Savannah one soldier was heard to say to another, ""I hope our regiment will be among the first mustered out at the close of the war, before all the good jobs are taken." It is, perhaps, needless to add, this was said by an Irishman. This raised the question for the first time, what will become of the vast army of young men soon to be thrown upon their own resources, what can they do for a living when the United States ceases to provide for the "government people"? Previous to this, the uncer- tain duration of the war, and the chances for living through it, had held that question in abeyance. But now the spectre had been raised, "a ghost that would not down," and from that time to the end, it traveled with us by night as well as by day. During our stay in Atlanta the Ninety-second Ohio 266 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. January, 1865, infantry occupied a camp near that of the Eighty-fifth, and as this period was devoted to almost unbroken rest throughout the army, the unusual activity observed in that regiment could not pass unnoticed. Each morn- ing the camp was policed, after which there was guard mount and squad and company drill. In the afternoon there was batallion drill and in the evening dress parade. Indeed, the requirements of army regulations were strictly observed, as fully as if the regiment had then for the first time entered a camp of instruction. These things were recalled when just before leaving Savannah, Benjamin D. Fearing, colonel of that regiment, was pro- moted to the rank of brigadier general, and assigned to the command of the Third brigade. General Fearing was a lineal descendant of General Israel Putnam, famous in the War of the Revolution, of whom it was said, "He dared to lead where any dared to follow." The troops enjoyed their short stay in Savannah to the utmost. Their duties were light; they were allowed the fullest liberty consistent with good order, and there was a continual round of sight-seeing and merry-mak- ing. But the soldiers soon tired of the monotony of the camp; they missed the pungent smell of the piney woods, and they longed for the excitement of the march. An active campaign promised a change of scenery, of duty and of diet. True this involved much marching perhaps hard fighting, but it meant business, and they were not journeying through the South for their health. .All knew that Savannah was but one stage in their jour- ney to Richmond, and all were eager to pay their re- spects to the original secessionists the people of South Carolina. They remembered that her people had been January, 1S65. THE MARCH TO THE SEA. 267 rebellious subjects for more than thirty years, and so far they had escaped the scourge of war. The birth-place of nullification and secession, her people had rocked the cradle of rebellion, and fanned the sparks of insurrection into the flames of civil war. And now, that the state was to be ravaged through its utmost length, and over an average breadth of forty miles, it appeared to them to be but a fair measure of justice. When the plan for the march north was conceived the rebel garrison at Charleston, to which place General Hardee and his command had fled when he evacuated Savannah, was capable of making a respectable defense, while the broken fragments of Hood's army, which had escaped from Tennessee, were being hurried across Georgia to assist in the defense of Augusta. But unless these widely scattered forces could 'be united, the enemy would be utterly unable to meet our veteran army in the open field. It was, therefore, the purpose of General Sherman to threaten both Augusta and Charleston, and when the widely diverging movement of the two wings of his army should leave the enemy divided and in doubt as to his real destination, he would march rapidly on Columbia; then with his army united proceed to Goldsboro, North Carolina, four hundred and twenty- five miles distant, thoroughly destroying the railway system of South Carolina on his way, as he had that of Georgia in the march to the sea. To accomplish his feint against Charleston, General Sherman transported the most of the right wing, under General Howard, by sea to Beaufort, where it arrived on the loth. At the same time a part of one corps marched in that direction by the Union causeway. On Sunday, 268 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. January, 1865. the 1 5th, General Howard moved his troops forward, through mud and rain, and seized the Savannah and Charleston railroad at Pocotaligo, twenty-five miles in- land. General Slocum crossed two divisions of the Twentieth corps over the Savannah river, above the city, and occupied Hardeeville, a station on the same line of railway. So by the middle of January our army had secured firm footing in South Carolina, and was ready to begin the march northward as soon as sufficient food and forage could be accumulated. CHAPTER XXII. Preparations for the coming campaign called forth every energy, and the utmost activity prevailed through- out the army. But a rise in the river swept away our pontoon bridge at Savannah, and General Slocum was ordered to move with the remaining divisions of the left wing, including General Kilpatrick's division of cavalry, up the Georgia side of the river to Sister's ferry, where he was to cross over and seize the Augusta and Charles- ton railroad near Blackville. This railway he was to destroy effectually, while making a well-sustained men- ace on Augusta. At the same time the right wing was expected to strike the same line of railroad at Midway, still maintaining the feint against Charleston. The army numbered sixty thousand men, and car- ried with it sixty-eight pieces of artillery. The trains were made up of some twenty-five hundred wagons, with six mules to each wagon, and about six hundred ambu- January, 1865. CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 269 lances, with two horses each. The wagons contained an ample supply of ammunition for a great battle, for from that time to the end, the possibility of our having to fight a battle with the united armies of the Confeder- acy, should General Lee escape from General Grant, was a contingency to be provided for. The wagons also contained forage for seven days, and provisions for twenty days, mostly of bread, coffee, sugar and salt. The supply of the small rations was generous, but the troops were to depend largely for breadstuff and meat, on flour, meal, cattle, hogs, and poultry likely to be found along the line of march. The country was considered so difficult that the Confederate authorities believed the swamps and streams would prove an impassable barrier to Sherman's army. It was like all the southern sea board, low and sandy, with numerous swamps and rivers. The streams are usually bordered with wide swamps and approached by long, narrow causeways leading to bridge or ferry. These causeways could be defended indefinitely by small bodies of troops, who, when dispersed, could destroy the bridges and ferry boats, and obstruct the roads by felling trees. The rivers of South Carolina generally flow par- allel with the Savannah, and many of them are both broad and deep. So it would be found necessary to march far into the interior of the state, on the ridges be- tween the streams, until near their headwaters, before crossings would be found and the heads of column turned in the desired direction. On January 2Oth the left wing, to which the Eighty- fifth belonged, moved out of Savannah in a pouring rain and marched ten miles on the Augusta road. At this 270 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. January, 1865. point we were mud-bound and water-bound until the 24th, when we abandoned the road, and by struggling through field and forest, the command reached Sister's ferry on the 28th, having marched but forty-two miles in eight days. To add to the difficulties of the situation the river had been raised by the continued rains until it overflowed its banks, and at that time was about three miles wide. A pontoon bridge had been laid at this point, and was guarded by the gunboat Pontiac. The weather cleared on the next day and the river ran down, so that a part of the command crossed over on the 5th of February. Previous to crossing we had to build tres- tles for considerable distance and then corduroy the road for tw;o miles and a half, the men working in water from ankle to waist deep. While marching through Georgia it was not unusual to hear the citizens say, "Why don't you all go over into South Carolina, and take, burn and destroy; her people began the war." Sometimes this was said with a sneer- ing', taunting manner, implying that there we would find a people less submissive, who would fight to the bitter end and die in the last ditch. But generally we thought we could see that the people of Georgia would look upon a raid through their sister state with at least a degree of complacency. To this chaffing our men invariably re- plied that we were going to South Carolina as fast as we could march, and if they would possess their souls with patience, they would soon see a just recompense of reward meted out to those who first set up the flag of rebellion. General Kilpatrick's cavalry division moved throughout this campaign on the front or flank of the February, 1865. CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 271 left wing. These troopers crossed on the pontoon bridge on the evening of the 7th, and many of the Third brigade were at the bridge when they passed into South Carolina, and never were troops in higher spirits. They said that "Wherever we followed their trail we would find chimneys but no houses; that their route would be marked by blazing ruins, and that a crow in passing over their line of march would need to carry a haversack." That this was no idle boast was fully established by the ravaged country found whenever we had the misfortune to fall in the rear of Kilpatrick's rough riders. The Fourteenth corps had left Savannah without being supplied with hard bread, sugar, coffee and salt, but while waiting for the flood in the Savannah river to subside, steamers brought an abundance of these rations. Mails were received and north-bound mail was taken by the out-going transports until the last moment. The Third brigade left Sister's ferry on Wednesday, the 8th, in charge of the corps train, marched fifty miles in the next three days, and reached the Charleston and Augusta railway at Williston on the I2th. At a cross road near this place the guide boards pointed north to Barnwell C. H., south to Burton's ferry, east to Fiddle pond, and west to Augusta, Ga. This railroad was destroyed for some thirty miles or more, while the cav- alry drove the enemy to within twenty miles of Augusta. At the same time our working parties met those of the right wing, it having reached the railway at or near Mid- way. When the destruction of the road had been com- pleted, and the feints against both Augusta and Char- leston had attracted sufficient attention both wings took direct roads to Columbia. We crossed both branches 272 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. February, 1865. of the Edisto river, meeting no opposition other than swamps, until the I5th, when a slight skirmish was had with Wheeler's cavalry, which did not delay the march- ing column a moment. On the morning of the i6th we arrived in front of Columbia, within an hour after the arrival of General Howard and the right wing. The union of the two wings of the army before the first ob- jective in the campaign was a fine tribute to the skill with which the widely divergent wings had been led and manoeuvred. It was now so evident that the enemy could offer no serious defense at Columbia that the city was left to the tender mercies of the right wing, while we moved up the Saluda river to Mount Zion church, where we laid a pontoon bridge during the night and crossed that stream the next morning. On the I7th we marched to Broad river, camping for the night at the mouth of Wateree creek, where we learned that the right wing had entered Columbia at ten o'clock that morning. As the command marched across the high land be- tween the Saluda and Broad rivers, a very extended view of the country was afforded. The day was clear, but a perfect tempest of wind was raging. In every direction as far as eye could see fire was burning, the wind spread- ing the devouring flames far and wide. None had ever seen such widespread and almost universal destruction. That evening the ammunition train was parked near the camp of the Third brigade. While the preparation of supper was in progress fire, which had been communi- cated to the tall dry grass which surrounded both camp and train, was observed approaching the wagons. In- stantly a\\ realized the presence of a new enemy, and for ^f ATEN, COMPANY G. 273 THE February, 1865. CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROUNAS. 275 a lime it seemed no possible effort could arrest the progress of the eager flames, and that our ammunition train was doomed. But by heroic righting the flames were finally subdued, our ammunition saved and a ter- rible disaster averted. That night, while the tempest was still raging with unabated fury, Columbia was burned. General Sher- man always claimed that the retreating rebels, by burn- ing cotton in the streets, from which the fire was carried to the buildings by the high wind, caused the burning of the city. The writer has never been able to adopt that theory. There had been many Union prisoners of war held in Columbia until the appearance of our army in front of the city caused their removal. Many of them, by concealing themselves in the city until our troops entered, had been rescued. These men claimed to have been badly treated by their captors and by the citizens as well, and they would have been more than human if they had not embraced the opportunity to get even. More- over, some of them, after escaping from prison, where they had been almost starved, had been hunted down and recaptured by citizens with bloodhounds. Then, too, there was a feeling among the rank and file that the capital of the state first to adopt the ordinance of seces- sion, and first to insult the flag, should feel more than a passing touch of war. For these reasons it would seem probable that if our men did not burn Columbia it was because the fire was accidentally started before they got round to that which they considered a duty. At Freshley's ferry, the point selected for crossing Broad river, that stream was found to be fullv two hun- dred yards wide. On account of the tardy arrival of the 17 276 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. February, 1865. pontoon train the Third brigade crossed in flat boats and took position on the opposite hills to protect the cross- ing in the event of an attack from that direction. When the pontoon train arrived and all the boats had been placed in position, the bridge fell short by ten boats of reaching the farther shore, and we had to await the ar- rival of additional pontoons. Meanwhile General Cheat- ham, with a part of the remains of Hood's army, was crossing the same stream a few miles above in haste to unite with other forces in our front. The man after whom the ferry was named owned a flouring mill a short distance below and a large planta- tion half a mile or more beyond the crossing. Well supplied with wordly goods he had become prominent as a citizen before the war and during its progress he acquired notoriety as a rebel. One of our men of an inquiring turn of mind, "on investigation bent," learned this and much more from the books and letters found in the Freshley mansion before it accidentally caught fire. These papers and books of account showed that this man held a commission as receiver of the tax levied in kind on the people of his district by the Confederate authorities for the subsistence of the rebel armies. Our men also learned through the colored people that this miller, planter and ferryman had kept a pack of blood- hounds with which he hunted escaping Union prisoners and ran down the fleeing slaves. Whether Freshley fell into the hands of our advance or not the writer never knew, but if he did the awful score that stood against him may have been most unfortunate for him. Early on Sunday, the iQth, we moved toward Alston, breaking up the railroad to near that place. On the February, 1865. CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 277 2 ist we crossed Little river at Winnsboro, where both wings of the army were again united, the right wing having destroyed the railway the entire distance from Columbia to Winnsboro, where the army was now massed. Winnsboro is situated on the South Carolina and Charlotte railway, thirty-nine miles north of Columbia and seventy miles south of Charlotte, N. C. The move- ment of the entire army so far north served to support the theory that it was Sherman's purpose to march to Virginia by the way of Charlotte. To maintain this de- lusion the cavalry were boldly pushed up to within five miles of Chester, while the infantry broke up the rail- road almost to that point. At Winnsboro there was a rigid inspection of the wagon trains, and all surplus baggage was thrown out and burned. This was rendered necessary because every wagon would be needed in the conveyance of grain and forage for the animals while marching through the very difficult and barren country the army was now about to enter. "Soldiers," says the cynic, "may live on enthusi- asm, but horses and mules must have oats." Here, too, many broken-down horses and mules were shot, rather than abandon them to fall into the hands of the enemy. This was a sad duty, for the men had long since learned to admire the patient endurance of those much abused partners of adversity. Next in importance in the army, after the health and efficiency of the men, is the condition of the mules. At this period of the war the Federal government was the largest mule owner in the world, and in a campaign like the present their endurance was tested to the utmost 278 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. February, 1865. limit. Without ancestry or hope of posterity this curi- ous animal is the puzzle of the brute creation. A past- master in devilment, he abounds in cunning while his solemn visage tends to disarm suspicion. He appears to have been born old in iniquity ; an appearance which the dexterity of his heels and roguish tricks seem to con- firm. Always longing for something to eat, he prefers forbidden or stolen food, but on occasion can go for days without food or water. The most disreputable in ap- pearance, he is the most useful of all the dumb toilers whom man holds in unending slavery. Steady, method- ical work suits the mule, and he seems to know the na- ture of the emergency as well as his driver does. His great sad eyes may have a distressed look; his gaunt flanks throb, but there is no lagging. Driven by whip and spur on half or quarter feed until they drop from exhaustion, thousands of mules were left to die in the mud holes in which they fell. A man can give vent to his sufferings; he can ask for help; he can find some re- lief in crying, praying or swearing, but for the poor abandoned mule there was no help no hope. On the 22nd the Second division moved in charge of the corps train, and for the next few days the rain fell almost constantly, the road seemed bottomless and wherever a wagon moved the road had to be corduroyed. We reached the Catawba river at Rocky Mount Post- office, on the evening of the 23rd. and on the completion of the pontoon bridge the Second division crossed over. Then the bridge parted, leaving the other divisions and the corps train on the other bank. At this point were encountered the greatest difficulties. A broad, turbu- lent and rapidly rising river separated the command, Feb nary, 1865. CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 279 which was the left and exposed flank of the army, while the other corps, more fortunate in their crossing, were pushing for Cheraw, on the Great Pedee river. When the general commanding learned the awkward situation confronting the Fourteenth corps he authorized General Davis to destroy his trains. But no one in the command would sanction this except as a last resort. Again and again the bridge was swept away by the rising stream and the flooring lost, but fortunately all the boats save two were recovered, and material to replace the lost flooring was obtained by tearing down the buildings near the crossing. Finally, about midnight of the 27th, the bridge was reconstructed and the trains, without the loss of a single wagon, crossed over, followed by the other divisions belonging to the corps. The unfortu- nate, but wholly unavoidable delay of the Fourteenth corps, had checked the progress of the whole army at a time when an effort was being made for a rapid concen- tration of the army at Cheraw. Between the Catawba, the Wateree, and the Great Pedee rivers, our line of march led us through a country rich in memories of the War of the Revolution. We were told that Lord Cornwallis with his command crossed the Catawba at the place the Fourteenth corps found such a difficult crossing. But a short distance to our right was the battlefield of Camden, where the brave Baron DeKalb fell fighting in the patriot's cause. On the first day of March we took dinner on the field where troops under General Gates had an engagement with the British under Colonel Tarleton, and the swamps bor- dering the streams were made forever famous by the ad- ventures of General Marion and his dashing rangers. 280 HISTORY OF THE S5TH ILLINOIS. March, 1865, By a forced march we made seventy-two miles in the four days next after leaving the Catawba river, over roads that had to be corduroyed almost the entire dis- tance. One night the Third brigade marched all night long, arriving in camp just as the head of column moved out on the new day's march. The command, of which the Eighty-fifth was a part, reached the Great Peclee river, eight miles north of Cheraw, on the 3rd of March, the same day that the right wing entered that city. At Cheraw General Howard captured twenty-eight pieces of artillery, three thousand stand of small arms, and an immense quantity of ammunition and stores. Many of the captured stores belonged to private parties who had moved them to Cheraw for safe keeping when General Hardee evacuated Charleston. The left wing of the army remained quietly in camp in the vicinity of Sneeds- boro, while a bridge was thrown across the river, and until the right wing moved north from Cheraw. Stung into activity by the overwhelming disaster threatening the Confederacy the rebel authorities put forth every effort to concentrate a force capable of meet- ing Sherman's army in the field. General Hampton with his cavalry division hastened to join Hardee in his retreat from Cheraw to Fayetteville, while Joseph E. Johnston was called from retirement and placed in supreme command of all the troops supposed to be avail- able to stay the triumphant march. General Johnston was at this time at Charlotte trying to form an army out of the remnants of Hood's army, local garrisons and the militia of North Carolina, with which to meet and turn the invader back. Energetic, skillful and courageous, he only lacked an army to make him a foe to be dreaded. March, 1865. CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 281 The news of Johnston's assignment to command was received by our army as notice to be prepared for well- planned, stubborn resistance. Officers and men agreed that the Confederate government had at last taken a wise step, although they felt equally sure that it was too late for even Johnston to stop the progress of Sherman's army. The Great Pedee is three hundred yards wide where we crossed just below Sneedsboro, and required for a bridge forty-two canvas boats. The crossing was com- pleted and the pontoons lifted and loaded on the evening of the /th, and the next day we crossed the line into the state of North Carolina, fourteen miles south of Rock- ingham. On the 9th we crossed Lumber river (Little Pedee) at Graham's bridge in a very heavy rain. A resin factory was burning just above the bridge, and as our column passed over the surface of the water was ablaze with burning resin and turpentine, presenting in the pouring rain a weird, uncanny sight. The command reached the plank road leading to Fayetteville at Thirty- five Mile Post. About the beginning of the present campaign Gen- eral Wade Hampton had been sent from Virginia to take command of the Confederate cavalry in South Carolina in the hope that his great personal influence would arouse the people of that state to energetic action in de- fense of their homes, and thus do what the most fervent appeals had so signally failed to accomplish in Georgia. But the people, almost frantic from fear, refused to rally to his standard, and so far the magic of his great name had not checked the advance of Sherman's army. Com- ing as the especial champion of South Carolina, Hamp- 282 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. March, 1865. ton had been driven from her capital, the city of his home, and expelled from his native state, without fight- ing a single battle. In the retreat from Cheraw to Fay- etteville he had been deceived into moving too far north, and on the evening of the Qth, in his effort to rejoin Har- clee, he unexpectedly found Kilpatrick's cavalry division interposed between his command and the infantry col- umn he was seeking to overtake. Thinking he saw an opportunity to surprise Kilpatrick by a night attack, and hoping in the sudden onset to disperse or capture his clashing troopers, Hampton made his plan to attack be- fore daylight on the morning of the loth. The plan was well conceived, the movement up to the moment of attack skilfully concealed, and the resulting surprise complete. But Kilpatrick and his men were apt to de- velop unexpected resources in the rough-and-tumble fight, and it required but a short time for them to rally, when they routed the enemy by a return charge. The Second division was moving on the extreme left of the infantry column, and the evening of the gth, camped about four miles south of Kilpatrick. Between two and three o'clock on the next morning, the noise of a furious battle broke out in the direction of the cavalry camp. The artillery firing was heavy and continued, giving notice of more than the ordinary affair between outposts, and the Second brigade was hurried off in the direction of the conflict, while the other brigades of the division resumed the march with the utmost unconcern. That night when the Second brigade rejoined the divis- ion we learned that Kilpatrick had been surprised, his headquarters, his artillery and many of his men captured in the first onset. But while the exulting enemy was en- March, 1865. CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROUNAS. 283 gaged in plundering headquarters, and trying to harness the horses to the batteries, Kilpatrick rallied his men and charged the foe, recovering his headquarters, recaptur- ing his artillery and driving the enemy from his camp with heavy loss, before the arrival of the infantry brigade sent to his relief. Meeting General Kilpatrick many years ago he told the writer some interesting details omitted from the official report of that rough-and-tumble fight. The general said, "On the evening before the fight we ran into the rear of General Hardee's column, and from pris- oners captured learned that Hardee was rapidly retreat- ing to Fayetteville, and that Hampton with the cavalry was a few miles in the rear, but rapidly moving on the same point. Upon receiving this information, I deter- mined to intercept him, and prevent his force from unit- ing with that of Hardee. I posted one brigade at a ham- let called Solemn Grove, on the Morgantown road, another brigade on a road some three miles north, and the third brigade some three miles southeast, at the point where the last mentioned road intersects the road to Morgantown. That night I slept in a house at the inter- section of the roads. Toward morning I became rest- less, got up and stepped out on the porch, where I was standing in my nightshirt, when several men dressed in our uniform rode up and inquired for General Kilpat- rick's headquarters. Something in the tone of voice, perhaps, aroused my suspicion, and I promptly replied, "Down the road about half a mile," and away they went. Just then I saw the enemy in force coming on the charge, and I ran around the corner of the house and in the direc- tion of a swamp. Soon I was fortunate enough to catch a 284 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. March, 1865, horse and mounting bareback rallied a few men and began to fight. The sound of our firing made a rallying point for our men, and very soon I had a charging col- umn formed. The rebels struck our artillery park in their charge, which broke them up rather badly and ob- serving that they were intent on plunder, and widely scattered, the charge was sounded and after a sharp fight, we drove the enemy from the field." On the loth, the Third brigade had charge of the division train, and soon after leaving camp the rain be- gan to fall in torrents, the earth seemed to melt under our feet, and that day and night we corduroyed the road for the greater part of twelve miles. Layer after layer of corduroy disappeared in the ooze, and it required the best efforts of both men and officers to move the train of one hundred and fifty wagons over the weary miles of quicksand. Officers and men were compelled to work through the whole night in pouring rain, and in mud and water from one to three feet deep, but the hardy Union warriors lifted the wagons out of the mire, and landed the train in the division camp at eight o'clock on the morning of the nth. Here we rested an hour for breakfast, and then pushed on to Fayetteville, arriving there at two o'clock that afternoon. On approaching Fayetteville, the Fourteenth corps was designated to enter first and the Third division hav- ing the advance on that day, with but a slight skirmish, took possession of the city about noon, the enemy under Hardee retreating in the direction of Raleigh. Seventeen pieces of artillery and many small arms were captured and the U. S. arsenal, basely surrendered by a treacher- ous officer at the beginning of the war, was recaptured. March, 1865. CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 285 CHAPTER XXIII. Fayetteville is situated on the right bank of the Cape Fear river and at the head of navigation. It is one hun- dred and thirty miles from the sea, and ninety-five miles from Wilmington. In addition to the arms and ammu- nition captured with the arsenal, there were cotton mills and iron foundries engaged in manufacturing supplies for the Confederate army. On Sunday, the day follow- ing our occupation of the city, a steamer arrived from Wilmington with the news that General Terry had cap- tured that place, and that a force under General Scho- field was moving from New Berne to join General Sher- man at Goldsboro. Other steamers and gunboats ar- rived during our stay, which served to put us in touch with the United States once more. While at Fayetteville, General Sherman caused the total destruction of the arsenal and the extensive machinery which had been removed to that place from the old United States armory at Harper's Ferry, and since used in the manufacture and repair of arms for the Confederate government. The iron foundries and cot- ton mills were also effectually destroyed, but little or no damage was done to private property. While marching through South Carolina, the troops seemed to feel that upon them devolved the duty of punishing the inhabi- tants for their life-long hostility to the Federal Union, and they plundered and destroyed practically without let or hindrance. But from the moment of entering North Carolina, the indiscriminate destruction of private property ceased, the demeanor of the whole army 286 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. March, 1865. changed, and the men willingly yielded to the custom- ary restraints of discipline. Up to this time Sherman had been successful in inter- posing his army between the widely scattered forces of the enemy. But the garrison at Augusta, reinforced by fragments of Hood's army under General Cheatham, had been given ample time to join the rebel force being organized in the vicinity of Raleigh. Hardee had also retreated in that direction and General Bragg was fall- ing back across our front, with an army of uncertain numbers, before the advance of Generals Terry and Schofield. These forces, when once united under a leader so skillful as General Joseph E. Johnston, would constitute an army strong enough in numbers to justify extreme caution in the last stage of the campaign. In order, therefore, to be prepared for anv emergency, two divisions of each corps were stripped of their trains, ex- cept the wagons necessary to carry an ample supply of ammunition, and the trains, guarded by the remaining divisions were sent on the most direct route to Golds- boro. This gave to each wing four unencumbered divi- sions ready for instant battle. The trains of the Fourteenth corps were placed in charge of General Baird, commanding the Third divi- sion, and the Eighty-fifth was detailed as train guard, to accompany his command. The entire army moved on the 1 5th except the train guard, which was delayed in taking up the pontoons until the next morning. The cavalry in advance of the left wing soon encountered more than the usual opposition, and before night on the first day out had to call up the infantry supports. By noon on the i6th, Hardee was found with cavalry, infan- March, 1865. CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 287 try and artillery in position, and strongly entrenched near Averysboro. His position covered the road to Goldsboro, and it was necessary to drive him from this road in order to secure it, as well as to maintain the threat against Raleigh. In the stubborn action which ensued tHat afternoon Rhett's brigade of South Carolina troops was unceremoniously overthrown, his battery of three pieces of artillery and most of his men captured. During the night Hardee retreated toward Raleigh, and the next day the left wing turned toward Goldsboro, in- tending to make a rapid march direct to that point, with- out paying further attention to the enemy, who still men- aced the left flank. In the battle of Averysboro, our wounded numbered four hundred and seventy-seven, a very serious loss, when it is remembered that every man had to be carried in the ambulance train. Believing that the feint against Raleigh had led Har- dee to make his stubborn fight at Averysboro for the purpose of gaining time for General Johnston to con- centrate his forces in front of the state capital, General Sherman directed the entire army to march as rapidly as possible to Goldsboro. After burying the dead at Averysboro, the left wing marched on a single road in that direction, while the right wing and trains moved on the same place, but on roads some distance south and east. No opposition was encountered on the I7th, and after marching eight miles over horrible roads, the Four- teenth corps camped two miles east of Mingo creek. Saturday, the i8th, the Second division had the ad- vance of the corps, arid the foragers under command of Major J. T. Holmes, of the Fifty-second Ohio, drove the enemy to Bushy swamp, where he was found in position 288 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. March, 1865. from which he opened with artillery. The division was quickly deployed and drove the enemy from his position, and went into camp at four o'clock in the afternoon by the direct order of General Sherman. During the day mounted men were almost constantly seen near the line of march, sometimes in groups at the openings in the woods, at other times single horsemen watching the troops on the road ; all passing toward the head of the column, or working their way through the woods to gain by close view the number of our men. In the evening reconnoitering parties were sent out who found nothing but cavalry videttes, who fled beyond Mill creek, burning the bridge behind them. Sunday morning, the iQth, gave promise of a beauti- ful day. For almost the first time in weeks the sun was shining, and, in that southern latitude, it was the recur- ring season of foliage and flowers, and fruit trees were in full bloom around the infrequent farm houses. But the morning so clear and calm, like many a Sunday in the army, was destined to be a day of deadly conflict. For several days General Sherman had been march- ing with the left wing, and his headquarters had been with the Fourteenth corps. But he was so confident that his threat against Raleigh had forced General Johnston to concentrate his forces for battle at that place, that he started to ride over to the right wing, as soon as the ad- vance began on Sunday morning. The dense timber through which he rode shut out the sound of battle, and he did not learn of the struggle in which the left wing was engaged until overtaken by a courier that night. The foragers found the enemy within five hundred yards of camp that morning, and soon these renowned March, 1865. CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROUNAS. 289 warriors, who usually made short work of dispersing a line of rebel cavalry, became discouraged, and sullenly fell back behind our skirmishers. One brigade after an- other was brought up and deployed, until the whole of the First division was in line of battle, yet everywhere it found the enemy strong, and his resistance as determined as it was unexpected. In front of the left of the line was a swamp of a depth then unknown, while on the right front the ground was covered with a thick growth of black- jack and pine trees. General Slocum, commanding the left wing, was present with the advance, and under his orders General Carlin advanced his line to ascertain the enemy's intention and develop his position. After a sharp fight, a line of the enemy's infantry was routed, when sud- denly the whole line dashed against a line of earthworks, manned with infantry and abundantly supplied with artil- lery. From this line the enemy opened such a destruc- tive fire that our whole line was repulsed with heavy loss. By this time, the Second division arrived, and the First and Second brigades were placed on the right, with the Third brigade massed in reserve. No sooner had these dispositions been made than the entire line was assailed with the utmost impetuosity, and at once the engagement became general. The advancing lines of the eager enemy far outreached the left of General Car- lin's line, and the first division, already much weakened by the stubborn work of the morning, began to retire, the men fighting desperately as they retreated slowly. This was the critical period of the battle. The Twen- tieth corps was hurrying to the front, but yet too far in the rear to render any assistance in the present crisis. The First and Second brigades were holding their own, 290 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. March, 1865. which made the Third brigade available for the desper- ate task of turning back the victorious foe on the left. The Third brigade was standing in columns of regi- ments faced to the front, and when the left began to give way, our corps commander, General Davis, ordered Gen- eral Fearing to swing the brigade to the left and to charge the enemy in flank. The scene was dramatic; the general's orders were given with confidence and en- ergy, and officers and men were alike inspired by the en- thusiasm of their commander, and they struck the enemy a stunning blow. In a moment the brigade was in the vortex of battle and engaged in a fierce and deadly con- flict. As it advanced its right became exposed, but for- tunately Cogswell's brigade of the Twentieth corps, ar- rived after marching the whole of the previous night and moved in on Fearing's right. The men of these two brigades Fearing's and Cogswell's seemed to feel that upon them devolved the desperate honor of stem- ming the tide of defeat and turning it into victory, and after a fierce and bloody contest, the enemy gave way and fell back in confusion. So resistless had been the unexpected attack of these two brigades, that the enemy's whole line gave up the ground it had gained, and the battle ceased along the entire front. But none doubted that the enemy would return to the assault, and the entire line rapidly threw up a line of defenses. General Morgan, with the two brigades on the right, had not only held his ground, but had also punished the enemy severely. Carlin's troops, veterans all of them, were easily rallied on a new line, with their left sharply refused, and artillery was brought up and placed in position on commanding ground. While en- DK. P. L. DIKFFKNnACHKR. 291 Of UNIVERSITY March, 1865. CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 293 gaged in building rude works during the lull in battle, the men expressed a lively satisfaction at the prospect of righting behind field-works a thing that had rarely fallen to their lot, and they seemed to thoroughly enjoy the prospect. Ammunition was brought up, and piled in convenient places along the line, and every prepara- tion made for the most stubborn defense. It was about five o'clock when the long line of the enemy emerged from the pine woods beyond the fields. It was a magnificent spectacle; every company present- ing a parade front ; every foot keeping time, while not a skulker left that splendid line. It was a sight that even veteran soldiers seldom see. But when the enemy came within short range, he met a deadly fire which checked ; then drove him back. Again and again, he rallied and surged forward; but he could not pass a certain point. Each assault was more hopeless than the one preceding, and finally the rebel line rolled back into the woods, leav- ing his killed and wounded piled thick upon the bloody field. In the desperate conflict following the charge of the Third brigade, General Fearing was severely wounded, and, from loss of blood, was compelled to leave the field. When retiring, he left the brigade in command of Lieu- tenant-Colonel Langley, of the One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Illinois. This was the second time this gal- lant and meritorious officer had been called to assume command of the brigade in the indescribable turmoil of battle, and well and faithfully did he perform his duty. General Fearing was the fourth commander to fall while leading the Third brigade in action within less than a year. 18 294 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. March, 1865. Along the line of the First and Second brigades the fighting was no less severe. The First brigade, after repulsing the first attack, leaped over their works, pur- sued the retreating rebels into their own works, and cap- tured the colors of the Fortieth North Carolina regi- ment. Then followed an incident rarely found in the annals of war. A column of the enemy had passed through the interval between the left of the First and Second brigades and the right of Cogswell and Fearing. Then swinging to the left, this column assailed the line of Mitchell and Vandever from the rear. But the men quickly passed over to the reverse side of their works, and after a sharp and bloody struggle, repulsed this rear attack. As the enemy began to retreat our men again leaped their works and charged to the rear ; captured the colors of the Fifty-fourth Virginia ; took a large number of prisoners, and dispersed the intruding force. The struggle was unequal throughout the day, and at times it seemed the enemy would overwhelm our small force, by sheer force of numbers. In the last engage- ment every man was placed in the firing line even the headquarter's guard and the small detachment guarding the ammunition train filled a gap in the extended line. No further reinforcements could be hoped for that day, and there was nothing left but for the men to fight it out. But when night came, the enemy had been decisively re- pulsed at all points, and the weary troops lay down to rest upon their arms, ready to renew the contest at a moment's warning, and well assured that Sherman and the right wing would be with them by daylight the next morning. With the repulse of his last assault, General John- March, 1865. CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 295 ston's declared purpose of destroying 1 Sherman's army, by crushing one corps after another in its isolation, failed. On the iQth he outnumbered our available force at least three to one, but by daylight on the morning of the 2Oth, the forces were equalized by the arrival of Gen- eral Hazen's division of the right wing, and four brig- ades called up from the wagon-train guard. And before night General Sherman with his whole army was closing down on the enemy's entrenched lines. There was some sharp skirmishing on the 2ist, as the enemy's line was developed, but that night General Johnston quit a position no longer tenable, and retreated to Smithfield. In this instance, as in all others during the war, this skill- ful Confederate commander made a safe retreat, leaving nothing behind except his unburied dead and the wounded in his field hospitals. The Union losses in the battle of Bentonville fell largely on the Fourteenth corps, and were mostly in- curred in the fighting of the first day. The aggregate loss to the left wing was 1247, of which the Twentieth corps lost 314, and the Fourteenth corps 933, the Second division bearing more than one-half of the last men- tioned loss. As usual, the rebel commander made no report of his losses, but we buried 267 of his dead, and captured 1,625 prisoners. The official reports all speak in the highest praise of the conduct of our officers and men. General Davis especially requested the promotion of Brigadier General Morgan,* which request was heartily endorsed by Gen- eral Sherman, and within a few days after the battle of Bentonville the commander of the Second division re- * Rebellion Records, Serial No. 98, page 437. 296 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. March, 1865. ceived the brevet rank of major general. General Fearing was unstinted in his commendation of the men of the Third brigade, giving them great credit for their accu- rate aim and low firing.* * On the 22nd the whole army resumed the march to Goldsboro, where it arrived and went into camp on the following evening. Since leaving Savannah the left wing, of which the Eighty-fifth was a part, had marched five hundred miles, through a country noted for its broad rivers, bad roads and almost impassable swamps. The almost daily rains had swelled the streams, and the heavy wagon-trains churned the soft dirt into sloughs of bottomless mud. But in all that long march we found no mud deep enough, no hills steep enough, and no quicksands treacherous enough, to prevent the tak- ing of our trains wherever the column was ordered to move. It was not unusual to be compelled to corduroy four or five miles of road covered in a day's march, and in the construction of corduroy roads, the men soon be- came very proficient. Fortunately the material was usually found in abundance and near by. Pine saplings, eight to ten inches through the cut, split in two, and laid face down closely touching each other, made the best road, but smaller saplings, unsplit poles, and even fence rails were freely used. In some places the rising water would float the corduroy away, at other times it would disappear in the mud and quicksand under the heavy trains, when another course would be laid, and generally this had to be done in ceaseless, pitiless rain. But through it all the men were cheerful and ever ready for a joke. At the crossing of South river, we had more ** Rebellion Records, Serial No. 98, page 535. March, 1865. CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 297 than the usual difficulty, and the men had to wade a long- distance in water up to their waists. After much patient wading in this seemingly shoreless stream, one soldier was heard to remark to his comrade: "I guess Uncle Billy has struck this stream endwise." As we approached Goldsboro, General Sherman or- dered the wagons out of the road, and the columns to close up and pass in review before himself and Generals Schofield, Cox, and Terry. Wading streams, building corduroy roads and bridges, and lifting wagons out of the mire, had played havoc with the men's apparel. Shoes and hats had been worn out and lost, uniforms were torn and faded, and the whole army was in motley garb bare feet, bare legs, torn coats, felt hats in fact, almost every conceivable kind of headwear was to be seen, while many a valiant warrior went without shoes or hat. "The pride and pomp and circumstance of glorious war" had disappeared. But the bands played; the files closed up, and the ragged men began to step to music for the first time in months, as they marched with precise ranks and elastic tread, past their great leader. Some one of the officers in the distinguished group said : "See those poor fellows with bare legs !" To this Gen- eral Sherman replied : "Splendid legs ! splendid legs ! I would give both of mine for any one of them !" Goldsboro is situated on the railroad from New Berne to Raleigh, about midway between the two cities, and at the point where the railroad from Wilmington to Petersburgh crosses the first named road. Here we were reinforced by General Schofield with the Army of the Ohio, and the Tenth army corps under General Terry. After assisting in the destruction of Hood's 298 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. March, 186S. army at Nashville, the Twenty-third army corps had been transferred by river and rail to Washington, thence down the Potomac and by sea to New Berne. From New Berne, General Schofield's column had fought its way inland, arriving at Goldsboro one day ahead of our army, while General Terry, after capturing Fort Fisher by storm, had moved up the Neuse river and joined Sherman's army about the same time. With the troops from Tennessee came many officers and men belonging to our army, who had been in northern hospitals on account of wounds or disease, but, now recovered, were returning to duty. Among those returning was Lieu- tenant Musselman, who now resumed command of Com- pany G. He had been on leave of absence and returning was caught with others at Chattanooga, when communi- cations between the north and Sherman's army were sev- ered in November. Unable to rejoin the command, they reported to General Thomas, who assigned them to duty in Tennessee, where they remained in the discharge of various duties until relieved to join the army at Golds- boro. Two days after the arrival of Sherman's army, the railroad from New Berne to Goldsboro was repaired and the first train of cars came in, and the ample supplies provided at New Berne, by the foresight of General Grant, began to come forward to the army. This was to be a point for general refitting, for which but a brief stop was to be made. Clothing was brought up and issued, and every effort was put forth to equip the army, in the shortest possible time, for its last campaign. In the campaign from Savannah to Goldsboro, the Fourteenth corps destroyed 30 miles of railroad; cap- March, 1865. CAMPAIGN OF THE CAE.OLINAS. 299 tured 581 prisoners; 697 horses and 1,300 mules. The corps lost in killed, wounded, and missing, 1,244 men.* The following deaths from disease occurred in the Eighty-fifth since the regiment moved south from At- lanta: Enoch Mustard, of Company B, died at Savan- nah, Ga., January 6th, 1865; Louis Ishmael, of Com- pany C, died at Annapolis, Md., December 15th, 1864. Captain Samuel Young, of Company D, died November 23rd, 1864, and William Boyd, of Company G, died at Lexington, Ky., February I2th, 1865. Daniel Koozer, of Company A, died of wounds at Goldsboro, on the 27th. He had been detached as a scout at division headquarters, and was wounded by guerrillas while in the discharge of his duty. Rebellion Records, Serial No. 98, pages 437, 438 and 439. 300 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. April, 1865. CHAPTER XXIV. At this time the military situation was interesting and exciting. General Lee, at Richmond and Petersburgh, less than two hundred miles distant, was besieged by General Grant, who was watching his adversary with sleepless eyes. General Johnston, with the only other respectable Confederate army, was at Smithfield, about midway between Goldsboro and Raleigh. If Lee should remain behind his entrenchments, in the attitude of de- fense which he had maintained for months, his defeat and destruction would be almost certain the moment our army should drive Johnston beyond the Roanoke ; and this General Sherman would be abundantly able to do, as soon as supplies arrived in sufficient quantities to warrant an aggressive movement. Lee might call Johnston to his aid by forced marches, while Sherman was refitting and getting ready to move, and with the united armies attempt to raise the siege and ovenvhelm Grant. But the two Confederate armies united would not be strong enough to beat Grant in his securely en- trenched position, and before a siege could be under- taken, Sherman would arrive and close the last avenue of escape. In this situation, the best thing General Lee could do would be to quietly slip away from Grant ; unite his army with that of Johnston near Roanoke, and try to destroy Sherman's army before Grant could fol- low. The question was, would Lee make the attempt to escape from Grant, and try to fight a great battle with the combined armies of the Confederacy against Sher- man's army? We now know that is just what he tried April, 1865. THE FINAL CAMPAIGN. 301 to do, and the first move he made in that direction was the signal for Grant to strike. Accordingly on the last day of March, thinking he saw symptoms of such a movement, Grant struck, and, after a series of sanguin- ary battles, the Confederate lines were broken and Lee, with his shattered army, was put to flight. The Confed- erate capital was evacuated, and the officers of the rebel government became individual fugitives, each seeking to expatriate himself. With the reinforcements received at Goldsboro, the army numbered eighty-eight thousand men, with ninety- one pieces of artillery. It was, perhaps, as nearly per- fect in instruction, equipment, and general efficiency as volunteer troops can be made while in the field. Then, too, in the coming campaign it was to be led by the bold- est and best fighting generals, as corps commanders, to be found in the field, either east or west. The Army of Georgia, under command of General Slocum, with his two corps commanded by Generals Jeff C. Davis and Joseph A. Mower; the Army of the Ohio, commanded by General Schofield, and his two corps, commanded by Generals J. D. Cox and A. H. Terry, and the Army of the Tennessee, commanded by General O. O. Howard, and his two corps, commanded by Generals John A. Logan and Frank P. Blair. Thus equipped and com- manded, the army was prepared to fight a desperate, final battle with the combined armies of the Confederacy, in case Lee and Johnston should effect a junction before General Grant could follow Lee to the Roanoke. On April 5th, preparations for an advance had been so far completed that orders were issued for the move- ment to begin on the loth, and on the 6th, news was 302 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. April, K6S. received of the fall uf Richmond and Petersburg!!, and the flight of Lee's army, glorious news which was des- tined to get better and better, with one sad exception, to the end. At daylight on the morning of the loth of April, the whole army moved directly against the enemy at Smith- field, the Fourteenth corps in advance, on the main road, and the second division the advance of the corps. With- in three miles the enemy was found behind the usual bar- ricades of fence rails, but his outposts were swept aside without a moment's hesitation. A dispatch received that morning from Virginia stated that Grant, in pur- suit of Lee, had already made large captures of prisoners and artillery, and this animated the eager troops to in- crease their efforts to bring Johnston's army to battle. There was now no delay in attacking the enemy or wait- ing for others to turn a flank, but wherever found, the enemy's position was promptly charged and his troops dispersed. Early on the next morning our corps en- tered Smithfield, to find that Johnston had retreated after destroying the bridges over Neuse river. Here a brief delay was encountered until the pontoons could be brought up and a bridge laid, when the headlong pur- suit of the enemy was resumed. On the morning of the I2th, while passing through one of the pine forests peculiar to that region, where the taper columns rose a hundred feet before spreading their branches into arches like those of some vast cathedral, the command was halted at the end of the first hour's march for the usual five minutes' rest. The day was bright and warm, the scene restful and beautiful, and while the men were enjoying their brief rest the com- April, 1865. THE FINAL CAMPAIGN. 303 mand was electrified by the announcement that Lee, with his entire army, had surrendered at Appomattox. The announcement came through corps headquarters, and General Davis, with pardonable pride, recalled the fact that just four years before, while a lieutenant in Fort Sumter, he had heard the first gun fired in the War of the Rebellion. This was a happy prelude to the glori- ous news and reminded one and all that it was the fourth anniversary of the firing on the devoted band of heroes in Charleston harbor. While the announcement of the surrender of Lee and his army came to us so unexpect- edly by the roadside, its full significance was at once understood. All realized that the war was virtually over. The message meant home, and wife, and children, and happy reunions with friends throughout the land. It carried indescribable joy to brave men, whose patience had been sorely tried, and whose strength had been well- night exhausted by weary marches and indecisive bat- tles. Then after hearty cheers that rang through the piney woods and seemed to fill the blue dome above us, the command fell in, faced to the front, and eagerly re- sumed the march against the only remaining army of the Confederacy. Two incidents, said to have occurred upon the an- nouncement of Lee's surrender, illustrate the humor and the pathos of the scene. As the bearer of the glad tid- ings dashed along the line, a soldier, quick as the mes- sage fell upon his ears, answered : "Be dad ! You're the man we've been looking for for the last four years." At the roadside a woman and several small children stood at the gate, watching the antics of the shouting soldiers. As she realized the import of the news, she 304 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. April, 1865. turned to the children and said, "Now papa can come home." The brigade passed through Raleigh on the evening of the next day and camped for the night west of the city limits. The capital city of North Carolina had escaped the ravages of war, and was one of the most beautiful cities we had seen in the South. From Raleigh the Fourteenth corps marched thirty-six miles southwest to Aven's ferry on the Cape Fear river, where it arrived on the evening of the I5th. While in camp at this point, General Johnston set up the white flag, an armistice was proclaimed, and negotiations began for the surrender of his army. On the 1 7th, while the men were almost delirious with joy over the assurance of returning peace, the startling intelligence was received that President Lin- coln had been assassinated. At first the men were so stunned and dazed by this wanton and cruel murder that they wandered about the camps aimless and speechless, their sorrow too deep for utterance. The President had endeared himself to the Union soldiers to an extent that it is nearly, if not quite impossible, for those outside the army to wholly understand. In the darkest hours of the terrible struggle his firmness of purpose and his faith in ultimate success had been an unfailing source of inspira- tion. To the rank and file "Father Abraham" was no unmeaning term. It was not a sentiment, it was a fact. It was the precise term that described the love and vene- ration they felt for him, whose courage rose in the dark- est hours to the majesty of grandest heroism. They had followed him with the confidence of children, while he led the people with almost more than mortal wisdom. April, 1865. THE FINAIv CAMPAIGN. 305 It was his serene confidence that restored their failing faith his never relaxing hope that cheered them on to victory. The question of the ages had come to be set- tled on the battlefield, "Can a nation endure the test that is founded upon the declaration that all men are free and equal?" In such a contest a general might fail, many of them did fail, but in the President there must be neither variableness nor shadow of turning. He had com- manded through a four-years' battle. His wisdom had guided the people through four years of tempest and storm with singular tact and matchless skill. Then, too, there was a sense of personal bereavement to many who had followed him as a trusted political leader in Illinois, with the zeal and enthusiasm known only to youth. Up to this hour the only desire of the men had been to end the war and go home. To that end they had been willing to undertake any hardship, endure every priva- tion, and brave any danger. But now that one so gentle, so kind and forgiving, should be so causelessly murdered seemed incomprehensible, and they began instinctively to lay this monstrous crime to the brutalizing influence of a system that had debauched the people of the South and to regard it as a legitimate consequence of rebellion against lawful authority. Then a desire for vengeance took possession of them, and they rejoiced in the thought that negotiations for surrender might fail, that hostilities might be resumed in order that they should have an opportunity to avenge the foul crime committed at Washington. But this terrible desire for vengeance passed away ; the avenging hand was stayed, and neither shot nor shell was sent on its deadly mission. On the 1 8th an agreement was signed between Gen- 306 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. April, 1865. eral Sherman and General Johnston for the surrender of all of the Confederate forces then remaining in the field. But, as this agreement was conditional, it had to be sub- mitted to the President before becoming final, and the existing truce was continued until the agreement could be sent to Washington for approval or rejection by the President. As the agreement contained political ques- tions not properly subject to the decision of a military convention the whole agreement was unceremoniously rejected by the President, and General Grant was ordered to Raleigh to take command of the army in per- son and to resume hositilities at once. In the generous terms accorded to General Lee at Appomattox General Grant had gone to the limit of liberality and the authorities were not willing to grant further concessions to those in rebellion against the Fed- eral Union. In the exercise of generous sentiment and sound judgment he had established a precedent which all of his subordinates were expected to follow in their negotiations with the enemy. So when General Sher- man, for the moment, laid aside the character of a soldier and assumed that of a diplomat, he permitted himself to entertain and submit for approval terms of surrender which the government could not sanction. General Grant upon his arrival at Raleigh, with graceful tact, turned his presence into an apparent visit of consultation with Sherman, and but very few, even in the army, knew of his visit until he had come and gone. Without a moment's delay, General Sherman advised the Confederate commander of the rejection of the agree- ment, proclaimed an end to the truce, and demanded the surrender of the rebel army upon the same terms given April, 1865. THE FINAL CAMPAIGN. 307 to General Lee. At the same time, orders were issued to the army to be ready to resume hostilities at the end of the forty-eight hours' notice required by the terms of the armistice. But there was to be no more war, the prof- fered terms were promptly accepted, and, on the 26th, General Johnston surrendered all of the Confederate forces east of the Chattahoochee river ; and the next day General Grant returned to Washington without having announced his presence to the army, and without his presence being known in the camp of the enemy. Now. according to immemorial custom, Sherman's victorious legions should have been drawn up in line with sounding trumpet and waving plume, while the captives should in that imposing presence, furl their flags and ground their arms. But instead of this triumphant pageant, the rebel army was permitted to furl its ill- starred banners and lay down its arms in the seclusion of its own camp, and there was neither blare of band nor peal of cannon heard in the quarters of the Federal army. But as soon as the result became known, the gray and the blue were seen drinking from the same canteen and eating from the same haversack. The duty of receiving the arms and munitions of war, and of issuing paroles to the officers and men of the Con- federate army, was assigned to General Schofield, and the Twenty-third army corps, commanded by General Cox, was advanced to the vicinity of Greensboro, then the county-seat of Guilford county, where that duty was performed. It therefore came to pass, that the final scenes of surrender took place in close proximity to the battlefield of Guilford Court House, where, in the War of the Revolution, the American army commanded by 308 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. April, 1865. General Greene fought a memorable battle with the Brit- ish under Lord Cornwallis. The engagement marked the turning point in the British campaign, as on that hotly contested field the Continental forces checked the advance of the British army of invasion and a few days after the battle, Cornwallis was compelled to retire into Virginia, where he shut himself up in Yorktown. At the time of the surrender, the "Old Court House" had almost entirely disappeared, a few dilapidated build- ings being all that remained to mark the site of that his- toric town. But the topography of a country which dominates military movements does not change mater- iall /,. and hill and valley and stream remain the same through ages. The fact that our line of march led our army to cross the streams where Cornwallis crossed, passing on the way the fields where he fought, and end- ing our campaign at a point where his invasion was checked eighty years before, would seem to place the art of war among the exact sciences. The final agreement for the surrender was signe:l on the 26lh, ?nd on the next morning orders were issued, directing the right and left wings of the army 10 m.ircl? by easy stages to Richmond. So Sherman' army that had fought its way to Atlanta, marched to Savannah and thence to Raleigh, did not see the surrender of John- ston's army, although the men shared the curiosl:y com- mon to victorious soldiers respecting that event. The divisions composing the two wings were drawn in, the ammunition trains were relieved of their now useless contents, and the wagons were loaded with provisions and forage, and by the evening of the 3Oth, preparations for a peaceful homeward march had been completed. HENKY C. SWISH KK. COMPANT H. 309 UbRARY Of- M UNIVtfiSlfY May, 1865. THE) FINAL CAMPAIGN. 311 On the morning of May ist, the Second division moved out of Morrisville; crossed the Neuse river that afternoon, and passed through Oxford, the shire town of Granville county, the next day. On the 3rd, we crossed Tar river, and later in the day the North Carolina and Virginia state line, camping for the night near Taylor's Ferry, on the Roanoke river. The next day we crossed the Roanoke on a pontoon bridge, eight hundred feet in lenth, passed through Boydton Court House, and camped on the Meherrin river. Thence our route led through Nottoway Court House, and across the famous Appomattox river at Good's bridge, to Manchester, op- posite Richmond, where we arrived on Sunday evening, May 7th. It was an odd experience" for the first few days to march steadily on without here and there forming a line of battle, and to go to sleep at night undisturbed by the prospect of a midnight call to arms. Then, too, the citi- zens no longer fled or hid at the approach of our army, but one and all, men, women and children, flocked to the road to see it pass. Frequently in the family groups at the roadside, men clad in the faded gray uniform of the Confederate soldier could be seen, good-naturedly jok- ing with their former foes as the column passed by. And "Say, Yank ! ain't you 'uns all a long ways from home?" and "Johnny! Why don't you fix up that fence?" are ex- amples of the innocent chaffing that took place between the blue and the gray. We never knew whether all the petty annoyances to which Sherman's army was subjected while it camped in the vicinity of Richmond were caused by General Hal- leek's direct orders or not. But soon after the fall of 19 312 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. May, 1865. the Confederate capital that distinguished non-comba- tant was assigned to command the Department of the James, with headquarters in Richmond. His martial zeal had been restrained to such an extent while serving as chief of staff at Washington, that when he was ap- pointed to the command of the armies in the field, he was bubbling over with fight, and ready to display the most bloodthirsty zeal. Among the first orders issued after his arrival at Richmond was one directing his troops to disregard the armistice then pending between Generals Sherman and Johnston while negotiations were in progress for the surrender of all of the Confederate armies remaining in the field. This was a most flagrant violation of the laws of war, and a direct insult to Sher- man and his army. Yet, notwithstanding this base out- rage, Halleck issued orders directing Sherman's army to pass in review before him, as it marched through Rich- mond. Sherman promptly forbade the proposed review and advised Halleck to keep out of sight while the army passed through the city, if he desired to avoid an expres- sion of the just indignation felt alike by the officers and men of his army. Then Halleck, whose capacity for blundering seemed without limit, refused to permit any of Sherman's men to enter the city. Among the officers and men in Sherman's army, there were many who had marched from the Mississippi to the James, and never before in all their weary marches had been refused permission to enter a captured town or city. They could see ex-Conederate soldiers and citi- zens going to and coming from the city at will, but when they attempted to visit the city, they were met at the pontoon bridge by a provost guard, who informed them May, 1865. THE FINAL CAMPAIGN. 313 that Sherman's men could not pass the bridge. But the men had come too far to see the rebel capital to be de- nied the sight without a protest. So a little time was spent in quiet organization in the seclusion of the camps, and then the men proceeded to resent this new indignity and to show in their own way their contempt for a dun- derpated martinet. A large crowd assembled at the south end of the bridge, entirely unarmed and without officers or orders, when upon the agreed signal the men rushed upon the guards, many of whom were jostled into the river, and by sheer weight of numbers seized the bridge. The affair was entirely irregular, but there is little doubt that General Sherman appreciated the grim humor displayed by his unarmed men in wresting the Richmond bridge from Halleck's guards. But so far as we could learn, and strange as it may appear, Halleck never resented the conduct of the men in overthrowing his guards, nor was any one arrested for defying his or- ders and invading the city against his mandate. On the morning of the nth. the army crossed the James river and passed through Richmond. The troops moved at the usual marching pace, making no parade of ceremony and there was no review. The sidewalks were crowded with citizens and ex-Confederate soldiers, whose curiosity to see Sherman's army insured their presence, while the memory of the recent death of their most cherished hopes, rendered impossible any demon- stration of approval or greeting of welcome. This nat- ural feeling so evident among the spectators, was re- spected by the passing troops and no song of victory was heard while Sherman and his army marched through the graveyard of southern hopes and Confederate ambition. 314 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. May, 1865. It was expected that the earthworks erected for the defense of the rebel capital would be found to be monu- ments of engineering skill, massive in their proportions and impregnable in their strength. But the fortifica- tions proved disappointing, and officers and men agreed that they were in no way so strong, nor were they so elaborate in construction as the works encountered near Atlanta. After taking dinner in the rebel works, at the point where the road to Hanover Court House leaves the city, we crossed the Chickahominy river and camped for the night within a few miles of the battlefields of Me- chanicsville, Gaines Mills and Fair Oaks. From Richmond to Washington Sherman's army marched on holy ground. Over this narrow field the tide of battle ebbed and flowed throughout the war, and from hill and valley and plain the smoke of sacrifice had risen, and the atoning blood had been poured out. Al- most one continuous battlefield, the familiar scenes along the line of march constantly reminded us "of the night in the trench and the pale faces of the dead." Insignificant towns and hamlets had been immortalized by the valor- ous deeds performed in their thriftless streets, and the crossings of the almost numberless streams had been re- peatedly taken and retaken by cunning stratagem or dashing courage. The two armies operating between the Union and Confederate capitals had been the largest snd the best equipped in the service, and the conflicts be- tween them had been very frequent and deadly. But the battles, while bravely fought and bloody enough to satisfy the most sanguinary, had been so indecisive and fruitless that it may well be doubted if the campaigns in Virginia previous to that of 1864-5 contributed in the May, 1865. THE FINAL CAMPAIGN. 315 least degree to the final triumph of the National cause. Sherman's army reached the heights overlooking Washington City, on the ipth of May, 1865, and went into camps just below those already in possession of Gen- eral Meade's Army of the Potomac. To the vast major- ity of Sherman's army this was their first sight of the national capital. From our camp we could see the dome of the capital, as it stood in simple grandeur against the sky, and it was difficult to realize that within less than a year the enemy had looked upon it with covetous eye, while the roar of his guns could be distinctly heard in the White House. Yet in the preceding July, while the Army of the Potomac was engaged in the siege of Petersburg, and Sherman's army was on the Chattta- hoochee river, the rebels under the command of General Early were thundering at the gates of the capital city of the Union. But then, the stupendous operations of the last year of the struggle had been conducted upon a field of such magnitude, that the common mind could scarcely keep pace with the rapid march of events. The Army of the East and the Army of the West occupied the south bank of the Potomac river from a point opposite Georgetown to Alexandria, and the next few days were spent in preparing for a great military display, which was to take place in the national capital in honor of the final victory for the Union. To the men of the Western army this would be a new experience; they had never witnessed a formal parade of ceremony, and in all their long service they had observed no holi- day. 316 HISTORY OF THE 85'f H ILLINOIS. May, 1865. CHAPTER XXV. It is said to have been at the suggestion of Secretary Stanton, that the armies of the east and west were as- sembled in the national capital to be reviewed by the commander-in-chief. Coming from distant fields, these armies had different histories, but the men were bound together by a common cause the preservation of national integrity. Their love of country had the force of a religious passion, and during all the long period, when the fate of the Union was at stake, their efforts never relaxed, their vigilance never ceased, and there was no abatement of their purpose to capture or utterly destroy the enemies of the republic. They had vindi- cated national authority, they had set the bond man free, and now they brought home peace. These priceless trophies made it proper for the President, attended by the chief officers of the government, to welcome them in the name of the republic. They had earned the right to receive the laurel wreath from the steps of the capitol. General Grant had commanded the Western army in all its early victories and had been at all times the prime favorite of the men. He never made speeches to them and never solicited applause, but the most humble sol- dier could approach him, and he had a quiet way of over- coming difficulties that was as simple and as easily un- derstood as it was effectual. If his means or supplies were imperfect, he found the best available substitute, and if he could not accomplish the full requirement, he performed as much as was possible. He had the faculty of imparting to his troops the determination to win with May, 1865. THE GRAND REVIEW. 317 which he was himself inspired, and their feelings toward him soon came to be that of implicit trust. Constantly ready to fight, he lost no opportunity that prompt action could turn to advantage, and throughout an unbroken career of victory he never declined the offer of battle. Grant would drive his chariot through passes others would not venture to approach. He would hold the enemy in his relentless, vice-like grasp until he had ac- complished his full purpose, and leave upon the mind of his observer the impression that he had a reserve of power, other resources not yet called into action. After leading the Western army to a series of splen- did victories, beginning at Belmont and ending in the crushing defeat of Bragg at Chattanooga, his men were not surprised to see him called to a larger field of useful- ness. Grant's merit had won for him the command of all armies of the Union, and at once the vast military power of the north began to move in harmony, respon- sive to the clear purpose of his comprehensive mind. Proud of their old commander, the men watched the ter- rific struggle in the east with ever increasing admiration for his courage and his skill. Grant would win, they knew that, but the question was, Would the end come before the west could lend a helping hand to the east? So they marched on to Atlanta; to the sea, and were almost ready to join hands with their comrades of the east, when the final consummation came which insured union and liberty throughout the land. And now, the proposed review would afford an opportunity for the veterans of Donelson, Shiloh, Vicksburg and Chatta- nooga to unite with the heroes of the Wilderness, Spott- sylvania, Petersburgh and Appomattox in paying a trib- 318 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. May, 1865. ute of respect to the soldier hero of the struggle, before they should return to civil life. Promptly on Wednesday morning, May 23rd, the head of the column of the Army of the Potomac wheeled round the capitol and the grand review began. There is no more beautiful weather than that of Washington in the early summer, when the warmer air comes with the lengthening days, and on this memorable occasion the weather was all that could be desired. Pennsylvania avenue, with its great length and ample width, was ad- mirably adapted for a review of the grand armies. Tens of thousands of people from the northern states had come to witness the imposing spectacle, and to welcome the returning heroes. The most ample preparations had been made for the occasion. Seats had been erected in the parks bordering the broad avenue for the accom- modation of the vast crowd of visitors. The President and General Grant were seated on an elevated stand in front of the White House, surrounded by members of the cabinet, foreign ministers, and distinguished visitors. The whole city was in holiday attire, the noble avenue was lined, on both sides and from end to end, with ad- miring people, and every window was filled with eager spectators. It was the annual recurring season of foli- age and flowers, and there were flowers on every hand in seemingly endless variety and profusion, while many of the visitors carried wreaths for their favorite regi- ments. The national flag, was flying from the public buildings, and from almost every house and store, and to see the stars and stripes in other places than at head- quarters, or above the heads of the color-guard, was as novel as it was pleasing. May, 1865. THE GRAND REVIEW. 319 Nearly all day for two successive days, from the cap- itol to the White House, could be seen a mass of vet- eran soldiers in columns of companies, marching with steady tread to the inspiring strains of martial music. To the multitude of spectators it was a revelation of the greatness and power of the republic ; while to the actors in that royal pageant of joy and gladness it was the event of a lifetime. Indeed, more than one enthusiastic sol- dier was heard to declare that it was worth ten years of any man's life to be able to say, "I was there." Only a part of the vast forces of the Union marched through Washington on the grand review, but the number was large beyond any but the skilled mind to reckon. If we say that sixty-five thousand men passed in review each day, or one hundred and thirty thousand in the two days, it is still difficult to comprehend the magnitude of the display. Perhaps a better idea may be conveyed by stating- that for six hours and a half each day of the re- view Pennsylvania avenue was filled with marching troops, whose columns if connected would be over thirty miles in length. The first day of the review was given to General Meade's army, and this afforded an opportunity for many of the officers and men belonging to General Sher- man's army to attend and witness the parade of the Army of the Potomac. There was very naturally more or less generous rivalry between the soldiers from the east and west, and as comparison was made of their respec- tive qualities and characteristics, the memory was busy with the histories of the grand armies. From the first the rank and 'file of the Eastern army followed their lead- ers with courage that never wavered and with enterprise 320 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. May, 1865. that never wearied. But they had been unfortunate in the generals appointed to command them, and the long list of sickening disasters which befel that devoted army in the first three years of the war should be charged to their commanders' gross incompetency. But under the direction of General Grant's unconquerable genius, the battles of the Army of the Potomac, from the Wilder- ness to the crowing victory at Appomattox, have no par- allels on the continent of America. , Operating in a field easy of access from the national capital, the Army of the East was frequently visited by distinguished persons in whose honor reviews were held. On such occasions the evil custom had grown up of rec- ognizing the presence of the visitor, be he soldier or statesman, by a hearty greeting of applause. Now when troops marching by company front, cheer and swing their hats, the step is invariably lost, the align- ment is broken, and it is impossible to maintain uniform intervals between the companies. On the first day's re- view, it was observed that a very large proportion of the regiments destroyed their military bearing in this way, as they passed the reviewing stand. The Army of the Potomac had a very much larger number of recruits, substitutes, and drafted men in its ranks, than appeared in the Western army. This was not surprising when it is remembered that Sherman's army while marching through the Confederacy, had been far beyond the reach of recruiting stations, and that few recruits and fewer conscripts found their way into its ranks. At all times, accustomed to receive full supplies directly from the north, through a secure base on the sea coast, the east- ern troops had never been compelled to wrest supplies May, 1865. THE GRAND REVIEW. 321 from the enemy, nor to gather food and forage from a hostile country. Consequently the Army of the Poto- mac appeared well-dressed and handsomely equipped on the grand review. Punctually at nine o'clock on the next morning, May 24th, the signal gun was fired and the steel crowned ranks of Sherman's army wheeled into the broad avenue at the capital, its brilliant and successful leader riding proudly at its head. The army was uniformed and equipped as on the march, officers taking pride in pre- senting their respective commands as they had served in the field. Each division was preceded by its corps of pioneers, composed wholly of colored men, carrying axes, spades, and picks. These marched in double ranks, keeping perfect dress and step. Long practice in marching, which is in one sense a drill, and the almost entire absence of recruits, conscripts and substitutes, told greatly in favor of the western troops, and the sense of military propriety and exactness was not offended by demonstrations of applause. The cadence was perfect and the hearty robustness of the men was very striking, while the mounts of the officers were magnificent, owing to the frequent oppor- tunities for capture. All day long Pennsylvania avenue resounded with the firm and steady tread of well-drilled, thoroughly disciplined soldiers, who with careful dress on the guides, uniform intervals between the companies, and all eyes to the front, marched toward the White House. Around the joints of glittering muskets carried in that compact column, the pungent smell of battle smoke still lingered, and above the troops were borne the bul- 322 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. May, 1865. let-riddled flags, many of whose ragged folds were stained with the life blood of him who carried it in the fore front of battle. In that majestic column, moving with the pre- cision and regularity of a pendulum, were regiments that had entered the service of their country in April, 1 86 1, and that had served in every state that engaged in rebellion, except Florida, Louisiana, and Texas; that had followed Grant at Belmont, Donelson, Shiloh, Vicksburg, and Chattanooga, and that had never left a battlefield in possession of the foe brigades and divi- sions that had never learned to retreat, and had never experienced the sickening woe of defeat. An unbroken career of victory made the men conscious of their prow- ess, their step was elastic and buoyant, and the marching column was the poetry of motion. Not so well dressed as their comrades of the Eastern army, their campaigns had led them over broader fields, and their experience had been more varied and extended. The whole army had marched more than a thousand miles within the last six months, and the men had passed the entire winter without the shelter of either roof or tent. It had been their good fortune to be commanded throughout the war by officers who were enterprising, skillful and above all, thoroughly in earnest, there had been no occasion for issuing daily bulletins announcing that "All is quiet on the Mississippi or the Tennessee." No army in either ancient or modern times had traversed such a vast ex- tent of territory, and the prisoners it had captured largely outnumbered the men in the Western army, now cele- brating the final victory of peace. From the nature of the conflict the Union soldiers were invaders, and from first to last they were the ag- May, 1865. THE GRAND REVIEW. 323 gressors. They found the enemy behind defensible rivers and entrenched in mountain passes. The road to victory led them over mountains of difficulties and through valleys of tribulation ; and as the sanguine tide ebbed and flowed in the stupendous struggle, how often Freedom's friends sat pale with fear at Freedom's peril ! But at last the mighty balance settled on the side of those whose banners, torn with shot and shell, still bore the stars and stripes. In that supreme moment, while many wounds still stung and bled, the Union soldiers put aside the desire for vengeance that comes to man in battle and with victory; forgave their enemies on the battlefield, and sent them to their homes to enjoy in peace the protection of the government they had so un- justly and wickedly tried to destroy. And now, as the victorious Union armies celebrate the return of peace, "With malice towards none, with charity for all," they parade no captives, and display none of the spoil of bat- tlefield. Many who set out with us, indulging the same fond hopes of safe return, now filled soldiers' graves, and the applause so heartily given to the soldiers present was mingled with tears for the loved and the lost ; those who came not back. Moreover, the great emancipator, the beloved of the people, had been most foully slain, and but few days had passed since countless multitudes of people had bowed with uncovered heads, reverent and silent, before his bier. The remembrance of these national bereavements could but tinge with sadness all the splendid and inspiring scenes of the grand review. 324 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. M ay, 1865. After the review the Eighty-fifth returned to camp on the south bank of the Potomac, but on the next day the entire brigade marched through the city and went into camp near the Soldiers' Home, two and one-half miles north of the capitol. Our camp, which was pleas- antly situated, overlooked the city, and there came a delightful sense of perfect rest after a long and toilsome task had been accomplished ; a relief from the tension of nerve and brain, no language can adequately express. The men were permitted to roam at will over the city, and every opportunity was given them, by the officers and employes in the various departments, to visit the public buildings and to observe the methods employed in the transaction of the business of the government. The treasury, patent office, and navy yards, all were thrown open to the soldiers, and so far as the writer has learned, there was no abuse of the courtesy extended. But while they treated the civil officers of the govern- ment with marked consideration, at least one of the city officials fell a victim to their mischievous pranks. They seized the horse and buggy used by the captain of police, and drove until tired of sight-seeing, when they returned the outfit to that worthy with profuse thanks for the pleasure the drive had afforded them. Men belonging to the Fifteenth corps "captured," as they facetiously termed it, the Fourteenth street rail- road, and ran it for their own convenience. They al- lowed a citizen to ride, but were careful to exact the full fare or more. If the usual five cent fare was tendered, it was accepted. If a passenger handed up a quarter or more, the soldier acting as conductor took it, but re- turned no change, nor did he turn any fares in to the May, 1865. IN CAMP AT WASHINGTON. 325 company. The line was far from being popular with the citizens, as the soldiers ran it regardless of any time table, and while all were taken on, it was uncertain where or when the car would stop to let them off. At Fort Slemmer, near the camp of the Eighty-fifth, a soldier was seen one morning walking up and down in front of an officer's tent, carrying a log on his shoulder. The soldier looked lonely and weary, and the case was promptly investigated by a man sent over for that pur- pose, whose report showed that the soldier at the fort was undergoing punishment for some trivial breach of discipline. Then a number of unarmed men went over to the fort; dismissed the man to his quarters; warned the officer in command that they did not approve of that method of punishment, and brought the log back with them. These are examples of their daily mischief; pranks that were more ludicrous than evil, and all per- formed in the most jovial, good-natured manner. Colonel Dihvorth was promoted to be brigadier gen- eral on March I3th, and Captain James R. Griffith, of Company B, who had been commanding the Eighty- fifth since the resignation of Major Robert G. Rider was accepted at Savannah, Georgia, was promoted to be lieutenant colonel. On the nineteenth day of May, Captain Pleasant S. Scott, of Company E, was commissioned, major, vice Major Rider, who had re- signed on account of wounds; First Lieutenant Hugh A. Trent was dismissed from the service, and First Ser- geant Charles Borchert, of Company E, was commis- sioned first lieutenant; First Lieutenant Andrew J. Mason, of Company F, was commissioned captain, and Sergeant Francis M. McColgan, of same company, was 326 HISTORY OF THE) 85TH ILLINOIS. June, 1865. commissioned first lieutenant. But on account of the regiment and companies being below the minimum, Lieutenant Colonel Griffith was the only one that could be mustered. On Saturday, June 3rd, our old and loved com- mander. George H. Thomas, arrived from the west, and that evening reviewed the Fourteenth corps. The troops in the Department of the Cumberland had been designated the "Fourteenth corps" very early in the war, and it became the nucleus of the army which he led with such consummate skill in later years. He had com- manded the corps until his merit won for him the com- mand of the Army of the Cumberland, and the men had become greatly attached to him. They believed then, and they still think, that George H. Thomas, "pure as crystal and firm as rock," was the greatest soldier Vir- ginia, the mother of presidents, gave to either side in the Civil War. The last muster rolls were made out, and on Mon- day, the 5th, the regiment was mustered out of the ser- vice of the United States by Lieutenant George Scroggs, of the One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Illinois, acting commissary of musters, and the next morning the Eighty-fifth was ordered to Springfield, 111., for final payment and discharge. The four regiments and bat- tery that formed Dan McCook's brigade at Louisville, Ky., in the early days of September, 1862, had come to the parting of the ways. Brought together by a com- mon peril and for a common purpose, they had marched and camped and fought side by side for almost three years. Their long, hard service inspired perfect confi- dence and trust in each other, and while the organization DR. JOSEPH 13. SHA.WGO, COMPANY O. 327 HbRARY Of ' UNIVWSIT.Y June, 1865. THE HOMEWARD JOURNEY. 329 ended here, the comradeship formed in camp and field will last as long as life remains.* About noon the regiment marched to the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, where a delay occurred in securing transportation, and the freight cars provided for our accommodation did not arrive until the afternoon of the 7th. At Piedmont that night the men seized enough lumber from a convenient lumberyard to comfortably seat the dirty freight cars, and with the use of their hatchets they not only secured ventilation, but made openings through which they could admire the pictur- esque scenery afforded by the Allegheny mountains. At Parkersburgh, W. Va., the regiment was transferred to a stern-wheel steamer, which landed it at Lawrence- burgh, Ind., on the forenoon of the loth. Between Cincinnati and Lawrenceburgh an accident happened which lent a tinge of sorrow to the home- coming of the regiment. Hugh Gehagan, of Company F, while standing on the lower deck of the steamer en- gaged in conversation with a group of comrades thoughtlessly leaned against a fender, fastened at the upper end, but hanging loose at the lower guard, and he fell into the river. At the cry of "A man overboard" the boat was quickly stopped and every effort possible was made to rescue the drowning man. But he sunk to rise no more with the life-boat almost within his reach. * Tne number mustered in and the number present at the muster out of the four original regiments did not greatly differ, as appears by the following: 52nd Ohio mustered first and last, 1,089, of whom 331 were present at muster out; 85th Illinois mus- tered first and last, 944, of whom 349 were present at muster out; 86th Illinois mustered first and last, 993, of whom 468 were pres- ent at muster out; 125th Illinois mustered first and last, 933, of whom 424 were present at muster out. 20 330 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILUNOIS. June, 1865. It seemed hard that this faithful soldier who had dared and suft'ered so much should meet such a tragic death when almost within sight of home, while his co^'-ades could only stand idly by and watch a life go out that thev were powerless to save. After breaking bread with the loyal and hospitable people of Lawrenceburg, who had generously provided a substantial dinner for the soldiers, the homeward jour- ney was resumed on board a train of freight cars. Such trains ran slowly in those days, but on Sunday, June nth, 1865, the regiment reached Springfield and disem- barked at Camp Butler, where the men were to receive -final payment and be discharged. A safe trip has brought the soldiers almost home, and as they enter the camp in which their service is to end, strange memories come trooping past. Eventful years have passed since they proudly marched from Peoria for the front. Then the long line with faces mainly young and fair, numbered almost one thousand men; now some are missing from every file; all are bronzed, and many are prematurely old, while the total mustered for discharge is less than four hundred. With sadness they recall the forms and faces of the slain; mostly young, unmarried men, whose native virtues fill no liv- ing veins, and will not shine again on any field. The contrast between the going and returning braves is no more striking than the changed conditions they must prepare to meet. Many of them were school boys when they enlisted, but they are now too old to begin again at the turned-down page of the books they left unfinished. Others had positions three years ago, now filled by per- sons too prudent to serve their country. But unselfish devotion to duty has broadened their manhood ; the hardships endured and the difficulties overcome have given the soldiers confidence in themselves, and they are June, 1865. THE HOMEWARD JOURNEY. 331 determined to cultivate the arts of peace with a soldier's fortitude and patriotism a citizen's industry and integ- rity. The next few days found the officers busy with their reports, turning' in ordnance stores and camp equipage, and making settlement with the government. All arti- cles not otherwise accounted for were reported under the head of "Lost in action." This account was alike the refuge of the "just and the unjust," and furnished a safe retreat for many a quartermaster, ordnance officer and company commander, whose accounts had got tangled. When the reports were completed the pay- master announced his readiness to pay off the men, and on Monday, the iQth, the first sergeants called the roll for the last time ; each soldier received his arrears of pay and an honorable discharge, and the Eighty-fifth regi- ment, Illinois volunteer infantry, passed into history. Of the 944 officers and men that entered the service in the Eighty-fifth, 95 were killed or died of wounds, 148 were wounded whose wounds did not prove fatal, 137 died of disease, 208 were discharged for disease or wounds, 46 were transferred to other organizations, and 349 were mustered out to await the hero's final detail : An aged soldier, with his hair snow white, Sat looking at the night. A busy, shining angel came with things Like chevrons on his wings. He said, "The evening detail has been made Report to your brigade." The soldier heard the message that was sent, Then rose and died and went. EUGENE F. WARE, Private, Company E, First Iowa Vol. Infantry. 332 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. CHAPTER XXVI. In the following pages the military history of all who had a part in making the regiment illustrious is given, together with some account of the subsequent career of those with whom the writer has been able to communi- cate. This is a record of deeds done and duty per- formed, which, although brief, and in many instances in- complete, is their best eulogy. As originally made up, the roster of the field and staff of the Eighty-fifth will be found in Chapter II, together with the manner in which the regiment was recruited and organized. In subsequent chapters all changes among the commissioned officers are recorded at tfie time and place they occurred. It is therefore only nec- essary, in this connection, to give a personal sketch of THE FIELD AND STAFF. COLONEL ROBERT S. MOORE was born in Green county ,. Kentucky, March 19, 1827. When he was ten years of age his par- ents removed to Illinois and settled on a farm in Sangamon (now Menard) county, where he worked on the farm until the breaking out of the Mexican war. He enlisted as a private in Company F, Fourth regiment, Illinois infantry, and participated in the battle of Cerro Gtordo and in the siege of Vera Cruz. At the peace with Mexico he returned to Illinois, located his land warrant in Mason county and engaged in farming. While thus engaged he founded the town of Spring Lake. In 1854 he married Miss Isabella Trent, removed to Havana and engaged in buying and shipping grain, while still paying attention to his farm. At the beginning of the War of the Rebellion he promptly offered his service to his country, recruited a company and en- tered the service as captain of Company E, Twenty-seventh regi- ment, Illinois infantry. He was engaged at the battles of Bel- mont and Farmington, and at the siege of Corinth he was wounded. While at home on leave of absence on account of his THE FIELD AND STAFF. 333 wound he was authorized by Governor Yates to raise a regiment under the first call for troops in 1862, and upon its organization he was commissioned colonel of the Eighty-fifth. Of commanding appearance, he possessed an admirable voice, while his soldierly instinct and military experience enabled him to fit the regiment for effective service in a remarka'bly short time. With his regiment he opened the battle of Perryville, Ky., and at the close of the fighting he was complimented for his skill and courage by his superior officers. At the battle of Stone River he was injured in the hip by a vicious horse, an injury from which he never wholly recovered. He remained in command of the regi- ment until the following June, when he resigned for disability. No officer ever enjoyed more fully the confidence of his men, and few so fully merited it. He returned to Havana and resumed the grain business until 1879, when he removed to Colorado and en- gaged in farming and mining. His address is Littleton, Colo. COLONEL CALEB J. DILWORTH was born near Mount Pleas- ant, Jefferson county, Ohio, April 8, 1827. His parents, Abram Rankin Dilworth and Martha Stanton Judkins, were of old Quaker stock. They removed to Indiana, and soon after to Illinois. They were living near Canton, in Fulton county, at the time of the Black Hawk war, and took refuge with friends in Canton when there was an Indian alarm. An elder brother, Rankin, gradu- ated from the military academy at West Point in the class of 1844, and died from wounds received at the battle of Monterey in the war with Mexico. A half-brother, William H. Evans, was quar- termaster of the Eighty-fifth during the last year of its service. Colonel Dilworth read law with General Leonard F. Ross, of Lewistown, and was admitted to the bar in 1848. In the fall of 1853 he married Miss Emily Phelps, daughter of William and Caroline Phelps, of Lewistown, 111., the only issue of such mar- riage being a son, William A., now practicing law in Omaha, Neb. In 1862 the subject of this sketch was practicing law in Ha- vana, 111., and assisted in recruiting the Eighty-fifth, and at the organization of the regiment was commissioned lieutenant col- onel. He served in that capacity until Colonel Moore resigned, when he was promoted to be colonel. He commanded the regi- ment from June 14, 1863, until June 27, 1864, when, in the midst of the indescribable turmoil of battle at Kennesaw mountain, Geor- gia, the command of the brigade devolved upon him through the death of his seniors. It was his plucky decision that held the 334 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. ground wrested from the enemy, although his corps and army commanders doubted its possibility. At Peach Tree creek his brigade forced a crossing of that stream, although defended by largely superior numbers, fighting the battle out alone with the Third brigade, and winning for himself and his command the highest commendations of his superiors. He continued in com- mand of the brigade until wounded by a gun shot at the battle of Jonesboro, Ga., the ball passing entirely through his neck. Re- covering from his wound, he was hastening to the front to rejoin his command when, upon his arrival at Chattanooga, he found that communication with Sherman's army had been severed. He reported to General Thomas for duty and was appointed to the command of the post at Cleveland, Tenn., a position which he held with credit to himself until the post was discontinued. He was then assigned to command at Covington, Ky., where he remained until the close of the war. He was commissioned brevet brigadier general March 13, and was mustered out of the service June 5, 1865. After returning to Illinois he practiced law at Lewistown until the autumn of 1870, when he removed to Lincoln, Neb., where he resumed the practice of his profession. He was elected state's attorney in 1874 and served two terms. In 1878 he was elected attorney general, holding the office for two terms, and in 1892 he was elected department commander of the Grand Army of the Republic of Nebraska and served one term. As a soldier he was enterprising and fearless; he won merited distinction at the bar. He had retired from active professional life and was residing in Omaha, where he died on Saturday, Feb- ruary 3, 1900. His remains were taken to Lincoln and buried in Wyuka cemetery on the Monday following, past department com- manders acting as pall-bearers, while department officers con- ducted the services. LIEUTENANT COLONEL JAMES P. WALKER, son of Joseph Walker, was born in Adair county, Kentucky, April 6, 1826. His father, Joseph Walker, removed to Illinois and settled on a farm in Sangamon (now Logan) county in 1830. Seven years later found the Walker family at Irish Grove, in Menard county, where his father died in 1841, leaving a crippled wife and younger son to the care of James P. He took his mother to his mother's father in Kentucky, where he remained for three years, working on a farm to get money to return to Illinois. He was fortunate in that THE FIELD AND STAFF. 335 his father was an educated mail, as all his schooling was obtained from his father before his death. On his return to Illinois in 1844 he began the study of medicine and by working on the farm and teaching school he earned the money which enabled him to prose- cute his studies. When the war with Mexico broke out he enlisted in Company F, Fourth regiment, Illinois infantry, commanded by Colonel Edward D. Baker, was a messmate of Colonel R. S. Moore and participated in the battle of Cerro Gordo and the siege of Vera Cruz. After the war he resumed the study of medicine and gradu- ated from Rush Medical College in 1850. In 1857 he located at Mason City and was practicing his profession when the War of the Rebellion began. Under the first call for troops in 1861 he recruited a company and entered the service as captain of Com- pany K, Seventeenth regiment, Illinois infantry. He participated in the battles of Fredericktown, Fort Donelson and Shiloh. After the battle of Shiloh he resigned, returned home, helped to raise the Eighty-fifth, and at the organization of the regiment he was commissioned surgeon. He was promoted to be lieutenant colonel on June 14, 1863, and was dismissed from the service on October 6, 3863. Just prior to the battle of Chickamauga he was arrested for permitting his hungry men to forage, that being at that period of the war about the worst thing an officer could be accused of. Un- fortunately for Colonel Walker he did not violate his order of arrest when the battle came on. If he had no doubt he would have escaped punishment. But his remaining under arrest afforded an opportunity for those whom his kindness to his men had offended, and he was summarily dismissed without a hearing. He returned to his former home and resumed the practice of medicine, which he continued to his death, which occurred on January 14, 1892. He was buried by his comrades of the Grand Army of the Republic, a special train carrying the post from Havana to Mason City to attend his funeral. LIEUTENANT COLONEL JAMES R. GRIFFITH was born in Chester county, Pennsylvania, February 2, 1834. He served for some time as a member of the Chester and Delaware Dragoons, and removed to Illinois in the fall of 1856, locating at Havana, in Mason county, where he was engaged as a general merchant at the beginning of the War of the Rebellion. He enrolled Company B, of the Eighty-fifth, and was chosen captain at the organization of 336 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. the company. He participated in all the campaigns and battles in which the Eighty-fifth was engaged, was wounded at the assault on Kennesaw mountain, but speedily recovered and returned to duty. At the assault on the enemy's works at Jonesboro the com- mand of the regiment devolved upon him when Major Rider was wounded and disabled, and again he succeeded to the command of the regiment when Major Rider resigned, and led it through the Carolina campaign, on the grand review at Washington, and on its return to the state for final discharge. He was promoted to be lieutenant colonel on April 7, 18G5, and was mustered out with the regiment. After the close of the war he located in Kenosha, Wis., where he engaged in business. His present address is No. 812 Pomeroy street, Kenosha, Wis. MAJOR SAMUEL P. CUMMINGS had long been prominent as a merchant in Astoria when the War of the Rebellion began. He had also been prominent in affairs political in the county and fre- quently served as a member of the county board. Early in the war he had been commissioned a mustering officer with the rank of major, and had assisted in recruiting several of the early regi- ments. He enrolled two companies for the Eighty-fifth and at the organization of the regiment he was chosen major. He was favor- ably mentioned for gallant conduct at the battle of Perry ville by his colonel and brigade commander, served through the Kentucky campaign, and participated with the regiment in the battle of Stone River or Murfreesboro. Failing health, however, compelled him to resign at Nashville, and his resignation was approved for disability on April 6, 1863. He returned to Astoria, where he continued in business until within the last few years, and where he still resides. He has served his constituents as supervisor, judge of the county court, and has represented his county in both branches of the legislature. Possessed of an ample fortune he is now enjoying a ripe old age among the people he served so long. MAJOR ROBERT G. RIDER was born in Ravenna, Portage county, Ohio, March 14, 1831, attended Jefferson college at Can- nonsburg, and studied medicine at Washington college, Washing- ton, Pa. He removed to Illinois in 1855 and the following winter attended a course of lectures at a medical college, Dubuque, Iowa. He began the practice of his profession at Mobile, Ala., but re- turned to Illinois some three years later, and at the beginning of THE FIELD AND STAFF. 337 the War of the Rebellion was practicing medicine at Havana, in Mason county. He enrolled Company K and was elected captain of that com- pany at its organization, commanded the company at the battle of Perryville, through the Kentucky and Murfreesboro campaigns, and was promoted to be major of the regiment April 6, 1863. He was appointed provost marshal when the brigade was assigned to garrison duty at Murfreesboro, Tenn., but returned to duty with the regiment when the brigade was ordered to Nashville to prepare for an active campaign at the front. When In the assault on Kennesaw mountain .Colonel Dilworth was called to command the brigade, the command of the Eighty-fifth devolved upon Major Rider. He retained command of the regiment until dis- abled by a gun shot wound in the head at the assault upon the enemy's lines at Jonesboro, Ga. Recovering, at least partially, from his wound he resumed command of the regiment, which he led in the march to the sea. He resigned at Savannah, Ga., De- cember 19, 1864. Returning to Havana he resumed the practice of medicine, which he continued until 1880, when he removed to Mount Ayr, Iowa. In 1884 he retired from the active practice of his profes- sion, but resided in Mount Ayr to the time of his death, which occurred on November 14, 1899. ADJUTANT JOHN B. WRIGHT was commissioned adjutant from Havana at the organization of the regiment, served through tho Kentucky and Murfreesboro campaigns, participating in the battles of Perryville, Ky., and Stone River, Tenn. He resigned February 23, 1863, and returned to Havana, where he died many years since. ADJUTANT CLARK N. ANDRUS, son of Cyrenus W. Andrus and Lucy Rockwell, was born in Havana, 111., February 21, 1843. His parents removed from Watertown, N. Y.. to Havana in 1836, and Clark N. was the only living child when he enlisted in Com- pany K. At the organization of the regiment he was appointed sergeant major and participated in the battles of Perryville, Ky., and Stone River, Tenn. He was promoted to be second lieutenant of Company E, January 20, 1863, and to be adjutant on the 23rd of the following February. He participated in all the battles and campaigns in which the regiment was engaged until severely wounded in the assault on Kennesaw mountain, Georgia. His 338 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. arm was amputated in the field hospital, after which he was taken to Hospital No. 3 at Nashville, where gangrene set in and his arm was reamputated. But medical and surgical skill was of no avail, and this promising young officer died on July 23, 1864. His father was with him when the final summons came, and brought his remains back to Havana, where they were buried by the side of his devoted mother. ADJUTANT PRESTON C. HUDSON was born at Milton, Pike county, Illinois, August 20, 1844, and while yet a child removed with his parents to Havana, in Mason county. He was attending school when the War of the Rebellion began, and enlisted as a private in Company I. He was promoted to be first lieutenant of his company, October 27, 1863, and to be adjutant of the regiment on July 23, 1864, and served in that position until mustered out with the regiment. By saving money earned in the army he was enabled to take a course in the University of Michigan, and after graduating from that institution he located at Fort Dodge, Iowa, where he read law and was admitted to the bar in 1871. Always studious, he took high rank at the bar, and was twice the nominee of his party for judge of the court of common pleas, but was defeated by a narrow margin. He removed to Toledo, Ohio, in 1884, where he continued the practice of his profession until over- taken by a stroke of apoplexy in August, 1897. His death came as sudden as it might have come on the battlefield, he being found dead in his office, the opinion of the doctors being that his death was from apoplexy, induced by the heat. QUARTERMASTER SAMUEL F. WRIGHT was commissioned quartermaster with the rank of first lieutenant at the organiza- tion of the regiment, served through the Kentucky campaign, and was dismissed from the service at Nashville, Tenn., November 21, 1862. He appears to have regarded his office as a private snap, the charges under which he was dismissed stating that he had issued vouchers on the government for a carriage for private use. He returned to Havana, where he died many years since. QUARTERMASTER HOLOWAY W. LIGHTCAP was born at Milford, Hunterdon county, N. J., October 2, 1826, and removed to Illinois in 1856. He was a merchant tailor, residing in Havana, when he was commissioned quartermaster to succeed Samuel F. Wright, December 1, 1862. He was wounded by his horse falling on him, and resigned for disability July 20, 1863. He returned to THE FIELD AND STAFF. 339 Havana, and has been engaged as a commercial traveler most of the time since. His address is Havana, 111. QUARTERMASTER WILLIAM H. EVANS was a half-brother of Colonel Dilworth, and when he entered the service was twenty- five years of age. He had been a clerk in the county offices at Havana, and had become very accurate in his methods of con- ducting business, but was residing at Vermont, in Fulton county, when he was appointed quartermaster of the regiment on Janu- ary 14, 1864. He served in that position until the war closed, and was mustered out with the regiment. Soon after his return to Illinois he removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he died on Feb- ruary 4, 1872. SURGEON JAMES P. WALKER (promoted lieutenant col- onel). SURGEON PHILIP L. DIEFFENBACHER was born in Colum- bia county, Pennsylvania, February 6, 1830. His father, Daniel Dieffenbacher, descended from German ancestors, who settled in eastern Pennsylvania. His mother was Catherine (Long) Dieffen- bacher, whose parental ancestors were German, and settled in Virginia. Her maternal ancestors, named Springer, came from Stockholm, Sweden, and settled in Wilmington, Del., at an early date. He removed with his parents to Illinois in 1837 and settled on a farm in Tazewell (now Mason) county, and while helping his father improve and cultivate the farm, the subject of this sketch availed himself of every opportunity to gain an education. In the fall of 1849 he returned to Pennsylvania and entered the academy at Newville, in Columbia county, where he pursued his studies until the summer of 1851, when he returned to Illinois. He taught the first school ever held in the Dieffenbacher school house, six miles east of Havana, during the winter of 1851-2. Returning to Pennsylvania in the autumn of 1852, he entered the office of his maternal uncle, Dr. Philip H. Long, at Mechanicsburg, where he read medicine until September, 1853, when he entered Jefferson Medical College at Philadelphia, Pa., and graduated in the degree of doctor in medicine in March, 1855. After taking a course of one year in Blockley hospital, West Philadelphia, Pa., he opened his first office for practice in Mount Joy, Lancaster County, Penn- sylvania. In the spring of 1856 he returned to Illinois and located 340 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. in Havana, where he has since resided and practiced his profes- sion, except three years' service in the army. In July, 1862, he was appointed assistant post surgeon to the military camp at Peoria, 111., and at the organization of the Eighty-fifth he was commissioned first assistant surgeon of the regiment. He was promoted to be surgeon with the rank of major at Nashville, Tenn., June 14, 1863, and served in that capacity to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. Returning to Havana at the close of his service, he resumed the practice of his profession, and soon after his return was appointed United States examining surgeon of pensions, holding the office until 1893, when he resigned. He is a member of the following societies: The American Medical Association, the International Association of Railway Surgeons, the Illinois State Medical Society, the Illinois State Historical Society, the Army and Navy Surgeons' Association (a charter member), the Brainard District Medical Association (one of the organizers and president in 1880-1), the Dan McCook Bri- gade Association, the Regimental Association (one of the organ- izers and president until 1889), and was president of the board of education for nine years. On May 17, 1874, he married Miss Martha M. Mitchell, whose parental and maternal ancestors served in the War of the Revolu- tion. Their living children are: Martha M., Edith L. and Philip D. Three others died in infancy, namely, Robert, Morton and Mable. FIRST ASSISTANT SURGEON GILBERT W. SOUTHWICK was born in Troy, Rensselaer county, New York, July 26, 1810; removed to Illinois in 1836, and at the beginning of the War of the Rebellion was practicing medicine at Arcadia, in Morgan county. He was commissioned first assistant surgeon in the Eighty-fifth August 6, 1864, and served as such until May 15th, 1865, when he was honorably discharged. He removed to Califor- nia in 1881, where he now lives retired from active practice, the oldest surviving member of the regiment. His address is No. 1213 Bath street, Santa Barbara, Cal. SECOND ASSISTANT SURGEON JAMES C. PATTERSON was born in Adair county, Kentucky, in 1824, and removed with his father, John Patterson, to Illinois in 1828, locating in Sanga- mon (now Menard) county. In 1845 James began the study of THE FIELD AND STAFF. 341 medicine with Dr. Grinstead at Middletown, attended lectures at Jacksonville, paying his tuition by serving as janitor of the col- lege during the terms of 1846-7-8. He then entered Rush Medical college at Chicago and was graduated in 1849. He began the prac- tice of his profession on Prairie creek in Logan county, where he remained until 1859, when he removed to Mason City, in Mason county. He enlisted as a private in Company C, and was pro- moted hospital steward at the organization of the regiment, and on September 1, 1862, he was commissioned second assistant sur- geon. He served with the regiment until April 16, 1864, when he resigned for disability. He returned to Mason City, resumed the practice of medicine, and died in 1871. During the latter years of his life he was greatly afflicted with what he and other doctors who saw him thought was rheumatism, but which finally resulted in ataxia. CHAPLAIN JOSEPH S. BARWICK was born in Maryland, September 22, 1815, and removed with his parents to Indiana when about seven years of age, locating on a farm near Brook- ville, in Franklin county. He graduated from Asbury (now De Pauw) University, and was ordained a minister in the Methodist Episcopal church in 1837. After filling pastorates in Evansville and Indianapolis, he received the degree of doctor of divinity from the university from which he graduated. In the fall of 1850 he removed to Jacksonville, 111., to accept the professorship of Latin in the Illinois Conference Female College. He continued teach- ing some six years, but was preaching at Havana when he was commissioned chaplain at the organization of the Eighty-fifth. This was an office so often filled by clerical adventurers that the men watched and waited before placing their confidence in the chaplain. The position was as difficult as it was thankless, and he who would fill it worthily must be pure in heart, chaste in act and clean in speech. Chaplain Barwick was thus equipped, and his presence put the men upon their honor. His care of the sick, kindly aid to the wounded and hearty sympathy for those in trouble, sealed the bond between him and the men which will hold good to the end of their lives. He served through the war and was mustered out with the reg- iment. In 1866 he removed to Missouri and became principal of a college at Glasgow, and later was in charge of a church at Saint Joseph. Returning to Illinois, he preached some three years at Griggs' Chapel, near Beardstown, and in 1877 he was transferred 342 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. to the Missouri conference, and in 1878 was the presiding elder of the Linneus circuit. He was residing in Linneus, Mo., and had been superanuated a year or more at the time of his death, which occurred on October 5, 1890. SERGEANT MAJOR CLARK N. ANDRUS (promoted adju- tant) . SERGEANT MAJOR WILLIAM S. ALLEN was born in La Porte, La Porte county, Indiana, January 27, 1840, and removed with his parents to Illinois in 1854. He enlisted as a private from Havana, and -was chosen first sergeant at the organization of Com- pany B and promoted to be sergeant major in 1863. He served with the regiment until wounded in the battle of Kennesaw Moun- tain, Georgia, June 27, 1864, and was honorably discharged June 21, 1865. After his return to Illinois he served as deputy circuit clerk, removed to Oregon, where he spent some years and was postmaster at Hood River. Returning again to Illinois, he is now a railway postal clerk, and resides at No. 333 South Clay avenue, Jacksonville, 111. QUARTERMASTER SERGEANT JAMES T. PIERCE enlisted as a private in Company B from Havana, and was appointed quar- termaster sergeant at the organization of the regiment. He served through the Kentucky campaign, and was discharged at Nash- ville, Tenn., in 1863. He was elected commissary of the regi- mental association at its organization in 1885. He was a printer, and removed to Waverly, Neb., where he died on June 7, 1897. QUARTERMASTER SERGEANT EDWIN M. DURHAM was born in Greenville, Mercer county, Pennsylvania, December 19, 1844, and removed to Illinois in 1859. He enlisted as a private from Bath, in Mason county, and served through the Kentucky campaign in Company D. He was promoted to be quartermaster sergeant in 1863, served in that capacity to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He first settled at Vickstmrg, Miss., where he was a salesman, but removed to Mis- souri in 1869, and is at present a breeder of fine poultry at La Plata, Macon county, Missouri. COMMISSARY SERGEANT THOMAS J. AVERT was born in Lexington, Fayette county, Kentucky, in 1836, and enlisted from Bath, in Mason county, Illinois, as a private in Company D. He was appointed commissary sergeant at the organization of the THE; FIELD AND STAFF. 343 regiment, served to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. HOSPITAL STEWARD JAMBS L. HASTINGS was born in DeKalb, St. Lawrence county, New York, in 1834, removed to Illi- nois, and enlisted from Mason City. He was chosen sergeant of Company C at the organization of the company, and at the forma- tion of the regiment he was appointed hospital steward, serving in that capacity until the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He returned to Mason City at the close of his service, and was engaged in farming for many years. He served as postmaster under the Harrison administration, but soon after the close of his term, removed to Chicago, where he was engaged in real estate and insurance until his death, which occurred in 1899. PRINCIPAL MUSICIAN JOHN HAZELRIGG was born in Ken- tucky in 1828, removed to Illinois, was married, and a carpenter when he enlisted from Bath as a private in Company D. At the organization of the regiment he was appointed principal musician. He served to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. The pension office reports his death, but without giving date or place. PRINCIPAL MUSICIAN JAMES B. DURDY was born in Hagerstown, Washington county, Maryland, in 1838, removed to Illinois, was single, and a printer when he enlisted in Company K from Bath. He was promoted principal musician, served to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. At the peace he returned to Illinois and followed his trade in Havana, but finally died an inmate of the Mason county poor house. PRINCIPAL MUSICIAN ROBERT L DURDY was born in Hagerstown, Washington county, Maryland, in 1827, removed to Illinois, was a printer, and enlisted from Bath. He was promoted principal musician from Company K, but his health failed in the Kentucky campaign, and he was discharged for disability at New Market, Ky., December 27, 1862. He returned to Illinois, and worked at his trade in Havana, where he died many years ago. 344 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. CHAPTER XXVII. Company A was enrolled by Matthew Langston under dates running from July 18 to August 15, 1862. A majority of the men enlisted from Mason county, although Morgan, Peoria and Tazewell counties were represented in its ranks. At the organization of the company the following commissioned officers were elected : Matthew Langston, captain ; Thomas R. Rob- erts, first lieutenant, and Dr. John W. Neal, second lieu- tenant. Of the 93 officers and men composing the company 1 8 were hit with shot or shell, 10 of whom were killed or died of wounds. Four officers resigned, 19 men died of disease, 25 were discharged, 2 were transferred, and I officer and 31 enlisted men were mustered out with the regiment. It is due to the company to say that it maintained a high standard of discipline throughout, and bore its full share in making the history of the regiment illustrious. The following is THE COMPANY ROSTER. CAPTAIN MATHBW LANGSTON was born in Rutherford county, Tennessee, in 1824, and was married and a farmer when he enlisted from Manito. He was elected captain at the organiza- tion of the company, and served through the Kentucky campaign, but resigned at Nashville, Tenn., January 11, 1863. He returned home, resumed farming, and died March 24, 1896. His widow, Mrs. Susan Langston, resides at Forest City, 111. CAPTAIN THOMAS R. ROBERTS was born in Howard County, Missouri, in 1820, and had been a soldier in the war with Mexico. He enlisted from Tazewell county, and was elected first lieutenant at the organization of the company. He was promoted ROSTER OF COMPANY A. 345 captain January 11, 1863, and served with the regiment until April 15, 1864, when he resigned and returned home. He resumed farm- ing, but has been dead for a number of years, the date of his death being unknown to the writer. His widow, Mrs. Lucy Roberts, resides at Manito, 111. FIRST LIEUTENANT DANIEL WESTPALL was born in Allegany county, New York, in 1828, and was married and a farmer when he enlisted as a private from Manito. He was pro- moted to be first lieutenant January 11, 1863, and resigned his commission and returned home on March 25 of the same year. Is reported to be living in Iowa. FIRST LIEUTENANT DANIEL HAVENS was born near Win- chester, Scott county, Illinois, December 13, 1837, and enlisted from Spring Lake. He was chosen second sergeant at the organization of the company, was twice wounded at the battle of Perryville, Ky., and was promoted to be second lieutenant January 11, 1863. On the 25th of the following March he was promoted to first lieu- tenant, and commanded the company from the date of the resig- nation of Captain Roberts until the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, where he was captured and held in rebel prisons for over seven months. When exchanged he resumed command of the com- pany and was mustered out with the regiment. He is a promi- nent merchant at Manito, in Mason county, where he is now serv- ing his second term as postmaster. SECOND LIEUTENANT JOHN W. NEAL was born in Warren county, Kentucky, in 1833, and was a practicing physician when he enlisted from Manito. He was elected second lieutenant at the organization of the company, and served through the Kentucky campaign. Upon the arrival of the regiment at Nashville, Tenn., he tendered his resignation, which was accepted on November 12, 1862. Of his subsequent career the writer has been unable to learn anything, except that he died December 20, 1894. FIRST SERGEANT ALBERT G. BEEBE was born in Canan- daigua, Ontario county, New York, and enlisted from Manito, in Mason county, Illinois. He was chosen first sergeant at the organ- ization of the company, was severely wounded at the battle of Perryville, Ky., October 8, 1862, and was discharged for disability arising from his wounds on February 11, 1863. He was twenty- nine years of age when he enlisted, and now, advanced in years, is residing at Manito, 111. 21 346 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. FIRST SERGEANT JOHN K. MILNER was born in Highland county, Ohio, in 1837, and was unmarried and a clerk when he enlisted from Manito, in Mason county. At the organization of the company he was chosen third sergeant and later he was pro- moted to first sergeant. He was commissioned second lieutenant on March 25, 1863, but the company was below the minimum and he was never mustered. He continued as first sergeant, partici- pating in all the battles in which the regiment had a part until the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, where he received a gun shot wound, fell into the hands of the enemy, and died a few days later at Macon, Ga. FIRST SERGEANT JAMES GASH was born in Carlisle, Cum- berland county, England, in 1835, was married and a farmer when he enlisted from Mason county. He was chosen corporal at the organization of the company, promoted to first sergeant, served to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. He is supposed to have died at Cairo, 111. SERGEANT WILLIAM M. LANDWITH was born in Tazewell county, Illinois, in 1835, and was married and a farmer when he enlisted from Spring Lake. He was chosen fourth sergeant at the organization of the company, served through the Kentucky cam- paign, when his health failed and he was discharged for disability March 23, 1863. He died near Forest City, 111., where his widow, Susan Landwith, now resides. SERGEANT JOSIAH STOUT was born in Lambertville, Som- erset county, New Jersey, July 8, 1836, and was unmarried and a farmer when he enlisted from Spring Lake. He was chosen fifth sergeant at the organization of the company, participated in all the campaigns of the regiment until captured at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia. After several months spent in various rebel prisons he was exchanged and returned to duty, was pro- moted color bearer, carried the flag at the grand review, and was mustered out with the regiment. He is a carpenter by trade, and now resides at Centralia, 111. SERGEANT NEWTON KING was born in Somerville, Somer- set county, New Jersey, May 2, 1839, and removed with his parents to Illinois in 1841. He enlisted from Mason county, and was chosen corporal at the organization of the company. He was pro- moted to be sergeant March 25, 1863, and participated in all the ROSTER OF COMPANY A. 347 campaigns in which the regiment was engaged. He was captured at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864, but was included in the exchange of September 20, 1864, when he returned to duty, served to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. A farmer before the war, he has been a farmer and merchant since. He removed to Nebraska, and is now a real estate dealer in Lincoln. SERGEANT WILLIAM McLAUGHLIN was born in New York City, January 11, 1842, and removed with his parents to Illinois in 1857. He enlisted as a private from Mason county, and was promoted sergeant in September, 1863. He served in all the cam- paigns in which the regiment had a part, and was captured at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864, but was ex- changed and returned to duty some two months later. He was mustered out with the regiment and returned to Mason county,, where he located on a farm near Manito, where he still resides. He has served his community both as school director and trustee^ SERGEANT WILLIAM MALONEY was born in Loudoun county, Virginia, in 1832, and was a married farmer when he en- listed as a private from Manito, 111. He was promoted to be ser- geant and served through the war, being honorably discharged May 22, 1865. A report from the pension office states that he died September 17, 1890. His widow, Martha A. Maloney, resides at Manito, 111. CORPORAL BENJAMIN WHITE was born in Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, in 1837, and was unmarried and a farmer when he enlisted from Spring Lake, 111. He was chosen corporal at the organization of the company, and served until killed at the battle of Perryville, Ky., October 8, 1862. His remains are buried in the national cemetery at Camp Nelson, Kentucky, in No. 251. CORPORAL JOSEPH F. RODGERS was born in Scott county, Illinois, in 1841, and was a farmer when he enlisted as a private from Spring Lake. He was chosen corporal at the organization of the company, was present at the battle of Perryville, but his health failed, and he died in the hospital at Bowling Green, Ky., November 13, 1862. . CORPORAL ALONZO McCAIN was born in Peoria county, Illinois, in 1841, and was a farmer when he enlisted from Spring Lake. He was chosen corporal at the organization of the com- 348 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. pany, and served with the company until captured at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864. He was held in various rebel prisons until the close of the war, and was honorably dis- charged July 22, 1865. He died near Havana, 111., June 24, 1890. CORPORAL PLEASANT S. TRENT was born in Tennessee in 1819, and was married and a farmer when he enlisted from Mason county. He was chosen corporal at the organization of the com- pany, served through all the campaigns in which the command was engaged, and was mustered out with the regiment. He re- turned to Mason county, and died near Havana, February 15, 1892. CORPORAL GEORGE W. SMITH was born in Scott county, Illinois, in 1836, and was married and a farmer when he enlisted from Mason county. He was chosen corporal at the organization of the company, served to the close of the war, but was absent (sick) at the muster out of the regiment. CORPORAL GEORGE M. WELCH was born in Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, in 1837, and was married and a farmer when he enlisted from Mason county. He was chosen corporal at the organization of the company, served through the Kentucky cam- paign, and died at Nashville, Tenn., December 26, 1862. His re- mains are buried at No. 6156 in the national cemetery near that city. CORPORAL LEVI S. ANNO was born in Petersburg, Menard county, Illinois, January I, 1837, and was married and a mechanic when he enlisted as a private from Mason county. He was pro- moted to be corporal, served to the close of the war, and was mus- tered out with the regiment. He is a wagonmaker, and has served as school director. He had four brothers in the Union army, one of whom was a member of the Eighty-fifth, and was mortally wounded at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia. Levi S. re- moved to Texas in 1878, and now resides at Kingston, in Hunt county. CORPORAL CALVIN W. BOON was born in Union county, Pennsylvania, in 1841, and was married and a farmer when he enlisted as a private from Tazewell county. He was promoted corporal and served with his company until severely wounded at the assault on Kennesaw mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864. He was removed to the hospital at Chattanooga, Tenn., where he died July 14, 1864. His remains are buried in No. 11,809 in the national cemetery on Orchard Knob near Chattanooga. ROSTER OF COMPANY A. 349 CORPORAL WILSON CLINE, aged eighteen, farmer, born in Morgan county, Illinois, and enlisted from his native county. Served through the Kentucky campaign, and was discharged at Nashville, Tenn., for disability, August 19, 1863. He returned to Illinois, and is said to be farming near Waverly, in Morgan county. MUSICIAN GEORGE W. S. BOBBITT was born in Mason coun- ty in 1843, and was a musician when he enlisted from his native county. He served to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. He is supposed to be living at Geneva, Neb. MUSICIAN DAVID P. BLACK was born in Blair county, Penn- sylvania, March 6, 1842, and with his parents removed to Illinois in 1857. He enlisted from Mason county, served to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. Returning to Mason county he engaged in farming, has served as school direc- tor, and was treasurer of the school board for ten years. He now resides at Manito, 111., where he has served as trustee and presi- dent of the town board. WAGONER JOEL C. SUMMERS was born in Union county, Illinois, in 1826, and was married and a farmer when he enlisted from Mason county. He served to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment, but no one seems to know about his subsequent career. JOHN F. ANNO was born in Chillicothe, Ross county, Ohio, in 1830, and was married and a farmer when he enlisted from Mason county. He served in all the campaigns in which the regiment participated, was wounded at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Geor- gia, July 19, 1864, in the right arm, side and back, and died of wounds July 25, 1864. JAMES P. ARNETT was born in Menard county, Illinois, in 1841, and was a farmer when he enlisted from Mason county. He served through the Kentucky campaign, and died at Nashville, Tenn., February 17, 1863. His remains are buried in No. 50 in the national cemetery near that city. FRANCIS M. A LYE A was born in Porter county, Indiana, in 1839, and was a married farmer when he enlisted from Mason county, Illinois. He served with his company in all the campaigns in which the regiment was engaged, and was mustered out with the regiment. He removed to Oklahoma in 1889, and engaged in 350 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. farming until his death, which occurred at Kingfisher, February 26, 1900. JOHN W. ALYEA was born in Porter county, Indiana, April 15, 1842, and removed with his parents to Illinois in 1851, and was a farmer when he enlisted from Spring Lake. He served through the Kentucky campaign, and while at Nashville, Tenn., was de- tailed as gunner in Fort Negley some three months. He partici- pated in the battles of Kennesaw Mountain, Peach Tree creek and Jonesiboro, and was a mounted forager on the march to the sea and through the Carolinas. He was captured in North Carolina, and held in Salsbury, Danville and Libby prisons until the close of the war. He was honorably discharged June 17, 1865. He re- moved to Oklahoma in 1889 ,where he is engaged in farming, his address being Kingfisher, Oklahoma. JOHN M. ALBIN was born in Carroll county, Indiana, in 1839, and was a married farmer when he enlisted from Spring Lake. He served with his company to the close of the war and was mus- tered out with the regiment. REUBEN W. BARTRAM was born in Jersey county, Illinois, in 1843, and was a farmer when he enlisted from Spring Lake. He served to the close of the war, but was absent (sick) at muster out of the regiment. He was honorably discharged ,and now resides at Manito, Mason county, Illinois. JOHN A. BOON was born in New Berlin, Union county, Penn- sylvania, November 17, 1839, and removed with his parents to Illinois in 1849. He was a married farmer when he enlisted from Mason county, served with his company through all the cam- paigns in which the regiment had a part, and was mustered out with the regiment. He removed to Nebraska in 1872, and was residing at Utica, in Seward county, where he died on November 24, 1899, and was buried by his comrades of the Grand Army of the Republic. JAMES M. BRADBURN was born in Perryville, Vermillion county, Indiana, February 18, 1842, removed with his parents to Illinois in 1844, and enlisted from Tazewell county. He served to the close of the war, for a year or more being mounted as a scout at brigade headquarters, and was mustered out with the regiment. He removed to Missouri in 1872, where he has served as school director, and is now residing on a farm near Metz, in Vernon county, Missouri. ROSTER OF COMPANY A. 351 JOHN W. BRADBURN was born in Vermillion county, Indi- ana, in 1836, and was an unmarried farmer when he enlisted from Tazewell county. His health failed while in the Kentucky cam- paign, and he died at Bowling Green, Ky., November 1, 1862. JAMES M. BRADBURN, JR., was born in Vermillion county, Indiana, in 1844, and enlisted from Tazewell county, Illinois, served to the'close of the war and was mustered out with the regi- ment. He was wounded in the assault on Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, but soon returned to his company. He settled on a farm near Perryville, Ind., where he died soon after the close of the war. JACOB BORTZFIELD was born in Wayne county, Indiana, December 9, 1839, and enlisted from Tazewell county, Illinois. He served with his company to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. Since the war he has served as postmaster twelve years, justice of the peace thirteen years, and as constable eight years. He is now a grain dealer and resides in Parkland, Tazewell county, Illinois. JOHN BORTZFIELD, JR., was born in Wayne county, Indi- ana, in 1842, and enlisted from Mason county. He had been a farmer, served through all the campaigns to Resaca, Ga., where he was slightly wounded. At Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864, he was wounded in the right leg and was discharged for wounds, February 7, 1865. WILLIAM BORTZFIELD was born in Wayne county, Indiana, in 1838, and was a married farmer when he dnlisted from Taze- well county. He served with his company until severely wounded at the battle of Peach Tree creek, July 19, 1864. His left leg was amputated, and he was shot in the left shoulder. He died in the hospital at Chattanooga, Tenn., August 14, 1864, and was buried in grave No. 2045 in the national cemetery on Orchard Knob. GIBSON BASS was born in Tazewell county, Illinois, in 1832, and was married and a farmer when he enlisted from his native county. He was wounded in the battle of Perryville, Ky., Octo- ber 8, 1862, recovered and returned to duty with his company, but died in the hospital July 3, 1863. His remains are buried at No. 3417 in the national cemetery at Nashville, Tenn. JOHN W. BOOTH was born in Sangamon county, Illinois, in 1844, and enlisted as a farmer from Tazewell county. He served with his company until his health failed in the Chattanooga cam- 352 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. paign, when he was sent to the hospital, where he died November 21, 1863. His remains are buried at No. 6398 in the national cem- etery at Chattanooga, Tenn. WILLIAM D. BLIZZARD was born in Sangamon county, Illi- nois, in 1844, and enlisted as a farmer from Tazewell county. He served to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regi- ment. He is supposed to be living at Topeka, in Mason county, Illinois. HEZEKIAH BARNES was born in Mason county, Illinois, in 1844, and enlisted as a farmer from his native county. He served to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. JOHN F. COX was born in Morgan county, Illinois, in 1830, and was unmarried and a farmer when he enlisted from Mason county. He was discharged for disability October 23, 1862. JOHN COX was born in Morgan county, Illinois, and was mar- ried and a farmer when he enlisted from Manito, in Mason county. He was discharged for disability at the age of thirty-four years, October 23, 1862. His widow, Mary E. Cox, is proprietor of the Cottage House, Manito, 111. ISAAC COGDALL was born in Menard county, Illinois, in 1844, and enlisted from Manito, in Mason county, as a farmer. He served with his company to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He is supposed to be living at Effingham, Effingham county, Illinois. ELI M. COGDALL was born in Petersburg, Menard county, Illi- nois, June 10, 1836, and was a married mechanic when he enlisted from Manito, in Mason county. He served through the Kentucky and Murfreesboro campaigns, and was discharged at Nashville, Tenn., for disability March 8, 1863. He is a carpenter and builder and resides at Manito, 111. EDMUND CRATTY was born in Trenton, N. J., in 1832, and was married and a farmer when he enlisted from Manito, in Mason county. His health failed in the Kentucky campaign, and he was left in the hospital at Danville. He is erroneously marked absent (sick) at the muster out of the regiment, when in fact he died December 26, 1862, and his remains were buried at No. 193 in the national cemetery at Danville, Ky. ROSTER OF COMPANY A. 353 ANDREW CONLEY was born in Indiana in 1841, removed to Illinois and enlisted as a farmer from Tazewell county. He served through the Kentucky campaign, and died in the hospital at Nash- ville, Tenn., February 12, 1863. He was buried in the national cemetery at No. 6671. WILLIAM P. CHARLTON was born in Pike county, Illinois, in 1841, and was a farmer when he enlisted from Tazewell county. He served with his company to the close of the war, and was mus- tered out with the regiment. PHILLIP CLINE was 'born in Exeter, Scott county, Illinois, January 3, 1839, and enlisted as a farmer from Morgan county. He participated in all the campaigns and battles in which the regi- ment was engaged, was a mounted scout at brigade headquarters part of the term of service, and was mustered out with the regi- ment. He is farming near Harrisonville, Cass county, Missouri, having removed to that state in 1886. JOHN R. DANIELS was born in Tazewell county, Illinois, in 1841, and was a farmer when he enlisted from his native county. He served with his company until his health failed, and he was transferred to the invalid corps on February 15, 1864. JOHN FURGUSON was born in Menard county, Illinois, in 1841, and was a farmer when he enlisted from Manito, in Mason county. He served to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. He returned to Illinois, and is reported to have died near Forest City, where his widow now resides. ALEXANDER FURGUSON was born in Menard county, Illi- nois, in 1839, and was a married farmer when he enlisted from Mason county. He served to the close of the war, but was absent (sick) when the regiment was mustered out. He was honorably discharged from the hospital at New Albany, Ind., but the date is not known. A letter has been returned to the writer from his last known address, Neosho Falls, Kan., unclaimed. FRANKLIN GILLMORE was born in Menard county, Illinois, in 1841, and was a farmer when he enlisted from Mason county. His health soon failed, and he died in the hospital at Harrods- burg, Ky., November 8, 1862. His remains are interred in the national cemetery at Camp Nelson, Ky., in grave No. 361. JAMES F. GILLMORE was born in Mason county, Illinois, in 1840, and was married and a farmer when he enlisted from his na- 354 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. tive county. He served with his company through the Kentucky campaign, and was discharged for disability January 30, 1863, at Nashville, Tenn. DAVID A. GORDON was born in Cumberland county, Pennsyl- vania, removed to Illinois, and was married and a farmer when he enlisted from Mason county. He was left at the hospital in Dan- ville, Ky., a few days after the battle of Perryville, where he died October 27, 1862, at the age of thirty-eight years. His remains are buried at No. 91 in the national cemetery at Danville, Ky. JOHN S. GARDNER was born in Franklin county, Vermont, in 1828, and was married and a farmer when he enlisted from Mason county. He served through the Kentucky campaign, and died at Nashville, Tenn., April 26, 1863. Is buried at No. 1285 in the na- tional cemetery at Nashville. GEORGE HOWELL was born in Union county, Pennsylvania, in 1842, and was a married farmer when he enlisted from Taze- well county, Illinois. He served with his company through the Kentucky campaign, but fell sick and died at Nashville, Tenn., April 5, 1863, and is buried at No. 7262 in the hallowed ground of the national cemetery near that city. HENRY HOWELL, aged thirty-five, was born in Union county, Pennsylvania, and was a married farmer when he enlisted from Tazewell county, Illinois. He died at Louisville, Ky., in 1862, but the exact date is unknown. He is buried in No. 1662 in the na- tional cemetery at Cave Hill. WILLIAM C. HARRISON was born in Montreal, Lower Can- ada, in 1836. He enlisted from Peoria, 111., as a farmer, and served with the company until November 12, 1863, when he was trans- ferred to the invalid corps. When last heard from he was resid- ing at Pekin, 111. SAMUEL JACKSON was born in Tazewell county, Illinois, In 1841, and was a farmer when he enlisted from Manito. He served to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. He returned to Illinois and died at Havana, June 20, 1895. BENJAMIN E. JORDAN was born in Ireland in 1841, and was a farmer when he enlisted from Tazewell county. He served with his company until the battle of Peach Tree creek, July 19, 1864, when he was captured and held by the enemy until the close of ROSTER OF COMPANY A. 355 the war. He was honorably discharged at Camp Chase, Ohio, April 28, 1865. SAMUEL JONES was bora in Cumberland county, Pennsyl- vania, March 5, 1839, and was a married farmer when he enlisted from Mason county. He served with his company throughout the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He returned to Illinois and resumed farming near Bryant station, in Fulton county, but a year or so later he removed to Mason county, where he has since been engaged as a painter and farmer. He resides at Mason City. DANIEL KOOZER was born in Peoria, 111., in 1841, and was a farmer when he enlisted from Tazewell county. He served with, his company until mounted as a scout at brigade headquarters, and was wounded while scouting near the close of the campaign in the Carolinas. He died from the effects of this wound at Golds- boro, N. C., March 27, 1S65, his remains being buried at No. 106 in the national cemetery at Raleigh, N. C. DAVID KRATZER was born in Union county, Pennsylvania, 1839, and was an unmarried farmer when he enlisted from Taze- well county, Illinois. He served with his company until wounded in the assault on Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864, and died from the effects of wounds at Big Shanty, Ga., June 29, 1864. WILLIAM T. LANGSTON was born near Winchester, Scott county, Illinois, January 10, 1844, and enlisted from Manito, in Mason county. He served with his company to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. He removed to Kansas in 1877, and engaged in farming in Dickinson county until 1890, when he removed to Abilene, where he is engaged in shoe- making. ARELIUS LAYTON was born in Scott county, Illinois, in 1831, and was married and a farmer when he enlisted from Tazewell county. He served with his company through the Kentucky cam- paign, but fell sick at Nashville and died December 1, 1862. His remains are buried in grave No. 6457 in the national cemetery at Nashville, Tenn. HIRAM MASON was born in McLean county, Illinois, in 1841, and enlisted as a farmer from Tazewell county. His health failed in the Kentucky campaign, and he died at Louisville, Ky., Decem- ber 23, 1862. Is buried at No. 1222 in the national cemetery at Cave Hill, near Louisville, Ky. 356 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. JOSEPH A. MAYES was born in Logan county, Kentucky, in 1834, was married and enlisted as a farmer from Pekin, 111. He served with his company to the close of the war, but was absent (sick in the hospital at Alexandria, Va.) when the regiment was mustered out. He was honorably discharged later, and now re- sides at Naron, Pratt county, Kansas. LEMUEL Y. NASH was born in Slaterville, Tompkins county, New York, in 1833, and was unmarried when he enlisted from Mason county, Illinois, as a wagonmaker. He was killed at the battle of Perryville, Ky., October 8, 1862, and his remains are bur- ied in grave No. 253 in the national cemetery at Camp Nelson, Ky. JACOB PARKS was born in Madison county, Kentucky, in 1837, and was single and a farmer when he enlisted from Tazewell county, Illinois. He served to the close of the war and was mus- tered out with the regiment, but the writer has been unable to learn anything about his subsequent career. IDEA F. PETERS was born in Germany in 1841, emigrated to America and enlisted as a single farmer from Mason county, Illi- nois. He served through the Kentucky campaign, but fell sick at Nashville, and died on May 2, 1863. His remains are buried in No. 957 in the national cemetery near Nashville, Tenn. ROBERT PRINGLE was born in Newcastle, on the River Tyne, England, in 1845. In 1849 he emigrated with his parents and settled in Illinois, enlisting from Mason county. He served with his company in all the campaigns in which the command was engaged, and was mustered out with the regiment. He re- moved to Nebraska in 1874, and served as school director and as- sessor in Box Butte county. He also served as first sergeant in the National Guard of Nebraska for eight years. He is a plasterer and resides since 1894 at Hot Springs, S. D. BEAUROP PEMBERTON, aged nineteen, born in Menard county, Illinois, and enlisted from Spring Lake. His health failed in the Kentucky campaign, and he was lefc in the hospital at Bowling Green, from which he was discharged January 10, 1863. WILLIAM J. PEMBERTON was born in Menard county, Illi- nois, in 1841, and enlisted as a farmer from Tazewell county. He was discharged for disability from the hospital at Bowling Green, Ky., January 24, 1863. ROSTER OF COMPANY A. 357 LEWIS POSTER was born in Tazewell county, Illinois, in 1839, and enlisted as an unmarried farmer from Manito. He was dis- charged for disability from the hospital at Bowling Green, Ky., January 19, 1863. JOHN W. PRICE was born in Ross county, Ohio, in 1844, and was a farmer when he enlisted from Mason county, Illinois. He served with his company to the close of the war, and was mus- tered out with the regiment. He is supposed to be living at Wy- oming, Stark county, Illinois. CHARLES W. REAGAN was born in Vigo county, Indiana, in 1841, and enlisted as a farmer from Manito, 111. He served with his company until killed at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Geor- gia, July 19, 1864. His remains are buried in No. 1909 in the hal- lowed ground of the national cemetery at Marietta, Ga. HIRAM D. REAGAN was born in Nelson county, Kentucky, in 1819, was married and a wagonmaker when he enlisted from Man- ito, 111. He served to the close of the war, and was honorably dis- charged from the hospital at Quincy, 111., June 22, 1865. He re- sides at Mason City, 111. ROSS SHAW was born in Somerset county, New Jersey, Sep- tember 13, 1838, and removed to Illinois in 1858. He enlisted from Tazewell county as a farmer, and served through the Kentucky campaign with his company, but was afterward transferred to the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth company of the Veteran Reserve corps, and served in that organization to the close of the war. He was honorably discharged from Nashville, Tenn., where he had been stationed for a year or more. He removed to Minnesota in 1872 and engaged in farming. He has served his fellow-citizens as clerk of the school board, justice of the peace and county treas- urer. His address is Westport, Pope county, Minnesota. PHILLIP SANIT was born in Germany in 1844, emigrated to America and enlisted from Tazewell county, Illinois. He served with his company until killed at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864. His remains are buried in grave No. 1908 in the national cemetery at Marietta, Ga. HENRY R. STREETER was born in Iras-burg, Orleans county, Vermont, in 1836, and removed to Pekin, 111., where he enlisted as a married farmer. He served with his company until wounded in the assault on Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864. His 358 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. wound caused the amputation of a leg, and he was honorably dis- charged from the hospital at New Albany, Ind., at the close of the war. He died December 3, 1875. WILLIAM S. SMICK was born in Menard county, Illinois, in 1831, and was unmarried and a farmer when he enlisted from Tazewell county. He served with the company until near the close of the war, but was absent (sick) at the muster out of the regiment. DALLAS A. TRENT was born in Springfield, 111., in 1844, and enlisted as a farmer from Mason county. He served with his company until captured at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864. He was exchanged, returned to duty, and was mus- tered out with the regiment. He resides at Manito, Mason county, Illinois. WILLIAM M. THOMPSON was born in Overton county, Ten- nessee, February 4, 1844, removed to Illinois in 1861, and enlisted as a farmer from Morgan county. He was slightly wounded at the battle of Perryville, Ky., but recovered and served with the company until taken sick at Mitchellville, Tenn., and was sent to the hospital at Bowling Green, Ky. He was discharged for disa- bility on January 10, 1863, and returned to his home in Illinois. He removed to Norman, Cleveland county, Oklahoma, in October, 1898, where he is now engaged in farming and railroading. JOHN B. TALBOT was born in Shelby county, Kentucky, in 1819, and was married and a merchant when he enlisted from Mason county, Illinois. He served with the company to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He is re- ported to have died on July 29, 1898. THOMAS TRENT was born in Menard county, Illinois, in 1833, and was married and a farmer when he enlisted from Tazewell county. He served with the company until the war closed, and was mustered out with the regiment. He returned to Illinois and now resides in Havana. JOHN P. VANDEUSEN was born in Columbia county, New York, in 1844, and enlisted as a farmer from Tazewell county, Illi- nois. He served through the Kentucky campaign, but was taken sick at Nashville, Tenn., and was sent to the hospital, where he died March 3, 1863. His remains are buried at No. 673 in the na- tional cemetery near Nashville, Tenn. ROSTER OF COMPANY A. 359 DAVID WOOD was born in Scotland in 1841, emigrated to Illi- nois, and enlisted as a farmer from Mason county. He served with the company until captured in the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864. He was exchanged and returned to duty and was mustered out with the regiment. JOHN A. WOOD, aged twenty-three years, enlisted as an un- married farmer from Tazewell county, but the place of his birth is not given. He served with the company through the Kentucky campaign, but was discharged for disability at Nashville, Tenn., February 10, 1863. He is supposed to be living in Blackhawk county, Iowa. WESLEY J. WHITTAKER was born in Preble county, Ohio, in 1844, and enlisted as a farmer from Tazewell county, Illinois. He served with his company through the Kentucky campaign, and died in the hospital at Nashville, Tenn., December 20, 1862. His remains are buried at No. 5097 in the national cemetery near that city. MARTIN L. WHITE was born at Sellins Grove, Union county, Tennessee, in 1842, and enlisted as a farmer from Tazewell county, Illinois. He served with the company through the Kentucky cam- paign, and died in the hospital in the capital of his native state, December 13, 1862. Is buried in grave No. 6890 in the national cemetery at Nashville, Tenn. WILLIAM McLAFFLIN deserted at Peoria, 111. 360 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. CHAPTER XXVIII. Company B was enrolled at Havana by James R. Griffith between July 18 and August 22, 1862. This company was credited to Mason, but in fact very many of the men enlisted from Fulton county. Unfortu- nately the muster-in roll of this company is defective, seldom if ever giving the residence at enlistment, and not often the occupation or birth-place of the men. At the organization of the company the following commissioned officers were elected : James R. Griffith, captain; Charles W. Pierce, first lieutenant, and John A. Mallory. second lieutenant. The company was mustered in with 96 officers and men, of whom 1 1 were killed in battle or died of wounds received in action, and 19 were wounded who lived to be discharged or mustered out, 12 died of disease, 22 were discharged, 6 were transferred, and but 33 were present at the final muster out. During the three years' service Company B was never found wanting, and now at the end of thirty-five years its survivors look with pride upon its record. Three of its members lost an arm and seven were killed within thirty minutes at the battle of Peach Tree creek. The following is THE COMPANY ROSTER. CAPTAIN JAMES R. GRIFFITH (promoted lieutenant col- onel, see field and staff). FIRST LIEUTENANT CHARLES W. PIERCE was born in Benton, Yates county, New York, October 7, 1823, removed to Illinois in 1855, and was a mechanic when he enlisted from Ha- vana. He was elected first lieutenant at the organization of the ROSTER OF COMPANY B. 361 company, served through the Kentucky campaign and until No- vember 2, 1863, when he was transferred to the Veteran Reserve corps, was slightly wounded at the battle of Perry ville, Ky,, Oc- tober 8, 1862. He acted as sub-commissioner of refugees, freed- men, and abandoned lands for a district composed of fifteen coun- ties in western Alabama, under General Swain, was promoted major, and was mustered out with that rank at Demopolis, Ala., January 1, 1868. He was assessor of internal revenue for the First district of Alabama and a member of the fortieth congress from the Fourth district of that state. He removed to Nebraska in 1872, was a member of the constitutional convention in 1875, was twice a member of the state senate, and served a term as register of the United States land office. He is engaged in farming and stock raising, and resides at Waverly, Lancaster county, Nebraska. FIRST LIEUTENANT ALBERT D. CADWALLADER waa born in Harveysburgh, Warren county, Ohio, July 25, 1846, re- moved with his parents to Illinois in 1855, and was attending school when he enlisted from Havana, 111. He was chosen cor- poral at the organization of the company, promoted first sergeant in 1863 and to first lieutenant November 2, 1863. He was slightly wounded at Buzzard Roost, Ga., February 25, 1864, and received a wound at the battle of Peach Tree creek July 19, 1864, which caused the loss of his right arm and disabled him for further ser- vice. He was honorably discharged April 4, 1865, returned home, studied telegraphy and became quite an expert in that line, was connected with the Chicago and Alton railroad for several years, was afterwards postmaster at Lincoln, 111., where he now resides, for seventeen years, read law and was admitted to the bar in 1883, and is now clerk of the supreme court, central grand division of Illinois, with headquarters at Springfield. FIRST LIEUTENANT JOHN W. PATTON was born in Ha- vana, Mason county, Illinois, August 9, 1844, and was attending school when he enlisted as a private from his native town. He served with his company to the close of the war, was promoted sergeant, and on May 19, 1865, to be first lieutenant. He was mus- tered out with the regiment, and returned to Havana, 111., where he learned and worked at the trade of a carpenter. Between the years 1872 and 1879 he served as marshal and deputy sheriff of Mason county, removed to Colorado in 1879. Is a carpenter and builder and now resides at Canon City, Fremont county, Colorado. 22 362 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. SECOND LIEUTENANT JOHN A. MALLORY enlisted as a private from Havana at the age of thirty-two years, and was elected second lieutenant at the organization of the company. He served in that capacity through the Kentucky campaign, and re- signed his commission at Nashville, Tenn., January 24, 1863, and returned home. He died November 25, 1893. SECOND LIEUTENANT GEORGE MYERS enlisted from Ha- vana at the age of thirty-six years, and was chosen sergeant at the organization of the company. He was promoted second lieutenant January 24, 1863, and served with his company until January 24, 1864, when he resigned and returned home. When last heard from he was living in Florida. FIRST SERGEANT WILLIAM S. ALLEN (promoted sergeant major, see field and staff). FIRST SERGEANT GEORGE D. PRIOR enlisted at the age of twenty-six, and was chosen second sergeant at the organization of the company. He was promoted to be first sergeant, and served with his company until killed at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864. His remains are buried at No. 1910 in the national cemetery at Marietta, Ga. FIRST SERGEANT CHARLES T. KISLER was born in Wash- ington county, Pennsylvania, February 15, 1842, and removed with his parents to Illinois in 1855. He was a farmer when he enlisted as a private from Mason county. While the regiment was at Louisville, Ky., he was detached and placed in charge of confis- cated property. He was slightly wounded at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864, and was promoted to be first sergeant. He was commissioned captain on May 19, 1865, but the company was then too small to permit his muster, and he was mustered out with the regiment as first sergeant. He returned to Mason county, where he is engaged in farming, and now resides in Havana, 111. SERGEANT JOHN G. AKERSON enlisted as a private from Fulton county at the age of thirty-three, and was chosen sergeant at the organization of the company. He served with his com- pany through the Kentucky campaign, and was discharged for dis- ability at Nashville, Tenn., February 8, 1863. He returned to Fulton county, and now resides at Lewistown, 111. SERGEANT ISRAEL J. ALDEN enlisted as a private at the age of thirty-three years, and was honored by his comrades by ROSTER OF COMPANY B. 363 being chosen sergeant at the organization of the company. But their confidence in his loyalty was misplaced, and he appears to have made a business of "leaping of the bounty." He deserted anil enlisted in the Eighth Missouri, deserted and joined the Six- tieth Illinois, was arrested and returned to Company B, and finally deserted again May 13, 1865. His subsequent career is unknown to the writer, but it has doubtless been downward, if he ever found lower depths for his peculiar genius to explore. SERGEANT JOHN H. CLEVELAND enlisted from Mason county at the age of twenty-five years, was chosen corporal at the organization of the company, and was promoted sergeant. He served with his company through all the campaigns and battles in which the regiment was engaged until wounded at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864. As a result of this wound his right arm was amputated, and he was confined in the hospital to the close of the war. He was absent on account of wounds when the regiment was mustered out, and was honorably dis- charged from the hospital soon after. A piece of a percussion cap from his gun struck him in the face in one of the battles he was engaged in, making what was thought at the time an insignificant scratch. But that slight wound never healed, and now he is sup- posed to be dying at his home in Easton, 111., from the effects of a wound from the poisonous cap. SERGEANT THORNTON S. PIERCE was twenty-two years of age when he enlisted from Mason county as a private. He was promoted sergeant and served with his company through all the campaigns the command was engaged in until he was wounded in the wrist and right arm at the assault on Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia. He died from the shock of his wounds during the night of June 27, 1864. SERGEANT THOMAS CLUNEY, aged nineteen years, enlisted as a private and served with his company to the close of the war. He was slightly wounded at the battle of Peach Tree creek, was promoted sergeant, and was mustered out with the regiment. He returned to Fulton county, and now resides at Bernadotte, 111. CORPORAL ISAAC MANN, aged thirty years, enlisted from Fulton county, and was chosen corporal at the organization of the company. He served with his company to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. He returned to Fulton 364 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. county and was a farmer near Sepo, 111., when he died about Sep- tember 1, 1900. CORPORAL WARREN TIPPBY, aged twenty-one, enlisted from Fulton county, and was chosen corporal at the organization of the company. He served with the command until killed at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864. Is buried at No. 1913, in the national cemetery at Marietta., Ga. CORPORAL ABNER EVELAND, aged forty-one, enlisted as a farmer from Fulton county, and was chosen corporal at the organ- ization of the company. He served through the Kentucky cam- paign, and was discharged for disability, April 22, 1863. He re- turned to Fulton county and engaged in farming, and died near Sepo, 111., in about 1875. CORPORAL JOSEPH K. BISHOP, aged thirty-three, enlisted from Mason county, and was chosen corporal at the organization of the company. He served to the close of the war and was mus- tered out with the regiment. He returned to Mason county, and was living in Havana when he was killed by lightning November, 1888. CORPORAL ELLIS BOWMAN, aged thirty-eight, enlisted as a farmer from Fulton county, and was chosen corporal at the organ- ization of the company. He served through the Kentucky cam- paign, and was discharged for disability, February 8, 1863. He returned to Illinois, resumed farming and died near Sepo, in Ful- ton county, in a"bout 1875. CORPORAL THOMAS C. EATON was born in the County of Kent, England, September 29, 1838, and emigrated with his par- ents to Illinois in October, 1850. He enlisted as a farmer from Mason county, and was chosen corporal at the organization of the company. He drove team occasionally on the Kentucky campaign and while at Nashville, Tenn., he was detailed to drive the bri- gade headquarters team, and drove the team through all the cam- paigns the command was engaged in, and was mustered out with the regiment. He returned to Mason county and engaged in farm- ing and grain dealing, has seven children and thirteen grand-chil- dren, owns a thousand acres of land, has served on the drainage commission, and has long been the treasurer of the regimental association. He resides in Havana, 111. ROSTER OF COMPANY B. 365 CORPORAL LEWIS BOARMASTER, aged forty-one, enlisted as a private, was promoted to be corporal and served with his company until killed at the battle of Jonesboro, Ga., September 1, 1864. His remains are buried at No. 3284 in the national ceme- tery at Marietta, Ga. CORPORAL JAMES GREATHOUSE, aged thirty-three, en- listed as a private from Mason county, and served through all the campaigns in which his company was engaged, was promoted cor- poral, and mustered out with the regiment. He returned to Illi- nois, and now resides in Bath, Mason county, Illinois. CORPORAL THOMAS HUTTON, aged forty-three, enlisted as a private : was promoted to corporal, served to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He returned to Illinois, and died in the Mason county poor house in 1868. CORPORAL JOHN JOHNSTON, aged eighteen, enlisted as a private, was promoted corporal, and served with his company until killed at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864. His remains are buried in the national cemetery at Mari- etta, Ga., at No. 1911. CORPORAL MASSENA B. NOTT was born in Morgan county, Ohio, July 19, 1839, and removed with his parents to Illinois in 1855. He enlisted from Fulton county as a private, served through the Kentucky campaign with his company, and at Nashville, Tenn., he was detailed to man the guns in Company I, Second Illi- nois, Light artillery, serving fourteen months, when he returned to his company. He was promoted corporal, served to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He returned to Fulton county, resumed farming, and now resides at Lewis- town, 111. CORPORAL ALEX C. RATLIFF, aged twenty-three, enlisted from Fulton county as a private, was promoted corporal and served with the company to the close of the war, and was mus- tered out with the regiment. He returned to Fulton county and died in about 1880. CORPORAL DAVID SIGLEY, son of Daniel Sigley and Eliza Atkins, was born in Hanging Rock, Lawrence county, Ohio, Janu- ary 13, 1S39, and removed with his parents to Kentucky in 1843. From there he removed to Illinois in 1851, and enlisted as a farmer from Havana, in Mason county. He was promoted corporal, and 366 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. served through all the campaigns in which the regiment was en- gaged until disabled by wounds. He was twice slightly wounded at Kennesaw Mountain, and at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864, he was severely wounded in both arms and fell into the hands of the enemy. One wound caused the amputa- tion of his right arm near the shoulder, but it was a busy time with the rebel surgeons, and his wounds were not dressed until they arrived at Macon, Ga., on the 27th. He was confined in prison at Andersonville and Milan, and exchanged at Savannah, Ga., November 21, 1864. He was honorably discharged from the general hospital at Camp Chase, Ohio, August 2, 1865, after recov- ering from a second amputation. He resides at Havana, 111. CORPORAL ISAAC G. BASH, aged twenty-one, enlisted as a private, was promoted corporal and transferred to the invalid corps. This transfer must have been made after he served through the Kentucky campaign, and probably while the regiment was on garrison duty at Nashville, Tenn. But the writer has been unable to find ttie date of transfer or anytt'ng relating to his subsequent career. MUSICIAN ALONZO F. KREBAUM was born in Lewis town, Fulton county, Illinois, May 15, 1844, enlisted from that county, and was appointed musician at the organization of the company. He was slightly wounded at the battle of Chickamauga, Ga., Sep- tember 20, 1863, but served to the close of the war, and was mus- tered out with the regiment. He returned to his native county at the return of peace, is an engineer, and resides at Duncan's Mills, Fulton county, Illinois. MUSICIAN JASPER N. WILCOX, aged eighteen, was ap- pointed musician at the organization of the company, and served with his company until the command reached Bowling Green, Ky., where he was sent to the hospital. He died December 18, 1862, and his remains are buried at No. 10858 in the national cemetery at Nashville, Tenn. WAGONER WILLIAM R. STULL, aged forty-four years at enlistment, and was appointed wagoner at the organization of the company. He served to the close of the war, but was absent (sick) at the muster out of the regiment. He was honorably discharged from the hospital at New Albany, Ind., June 10, 1865. He is re- ported to have died soon after the close of the war, in the southern part of Illinois. ROSTER OF COMPANY B. 367 ABRAM W. ACKERSON, aged thirty, enlisted from Fulton county, and deserted January 15, 1863. JOHN B. ACKERSON, aged thirty-one, enlisted from Fulton county, and deserted September 22, 1862. JOHN W. BRECKENRIDGE was born in the province of Can- ada West, July 18, 1837, emigrated to Lockport, Will county, Illi- nois, in the spring of 1850, and settled in Fulton county in 1857. He enlisted from Fulton county and served through the Kentucky and Murfreesborough campaigns and to Franklin, Tenn. In the winter of 1862-3 he was taken prisoner and held for a short time, being stripped of nearly all of his clothing, pockets rifled, and nearly every thing taken except a small pocket testament. In the summer of 1863 he was transferred to Company C, Eighth Veteran reserve corps, and was discharged therefrom October 2, 1863. Was a farmer before and since the war, and has held the following offices in Waterford township: School director and township clerk ten years, supervisor (member of county board) four years. His postoffice address is Lewistown, 111. JESSE BAILOR was born in Columtnana county, Ohio, Decem- ber 26, 1829, and removed with his parents to Illinois in 1845. He enlisted July 29, 1862, served with his company to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He was captured at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864, but was exchanged and returned to duty about two months later. After the close of the war he removed to Iowa, and now resides at Bard, in Louisa county. SIMON BURKHOLDER was born in Lewistown, Mifflin county, Pennsylvania, August 18, 1835, and removed to Illinois in 1858. He enlisted from Fulton county, served to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. He was slightly wounded at the battle of Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864, but soon recovered and returned to duty. He enlisted in the Veteran Reserve corps in 1867, and served three years. He then enlisted in the First Regular infantry, and served until the army was re- duced in 1873, when he resumed his trade at Smithfield, in Fulton county, where he now resides. MARTIN BEEKMAN, aged twenty-two, served through the Kentucky campaign, and was transferred to the invalid corps. Date not found. He returned to Fulton county at the close of the war, and now resides at Enion, 111. 368 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. THOMAS M. BELL, aged twenty-three, enlisted August 4, 1862, was wounded at the battle of Perryville, Ky., October 8, 1862. Some time after returning to duty, probably at Nashville, Tenn., he was transferred to the marine corps. He is supposed to have died, but whether in the service or since, the writer has been unable to learn. WILLIAM H. BECHSTEAD, aged eighteen, deserted December 25, 1862. WILLIAM BUPFALOW, aged thirty, enlisted August 10, 1862, and served with the company until the battle of Peach Tree creek, July 19, 1864, where he was mortally wounded and fell into the hands of the enemy. He was taken to Atlanta, where he died July 21. OLIVER P. BEHYMER, aged twenty, enlisted August 18, 1862, served with the company to the battle of Peach Tree creek, July 19, 1864, where he was wounded by gunshot in left leg. He recov- ered, returned to duty, and served to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He returned to Illinois, where he died about 1885. BENJAMIN F. BLAIR, aged twenty-one, enlisted August 13, and deserted November 9, 1862. MAURICE CURRAN, aged twenty-two, enlisted July 25, 1862, served with the company throughout the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He removed to Kansas, where he was killed by the kick of a horse in about 1898. BAZIL COZAD, aged twenty-five, enlisted August 20, 1862, and served with the company until killed at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864. His remains are interred at No. 7928 in the national cemetery at Marietta, Georgia. HENRY CONNOR, aged twenty-three, enlisted August 20, 1862, served in the Kentucky campaign until after the battle of Perry- ville, when he was taken sick and sent to the hospital at Danville, Ky., where he died November 6, 1862. His remains are buried at No. 62 in the national cemetery at Danville, Ky. DAVID CORNHAM, aged twenty-one, enlisted August 13, 1862, served with the company until killed in the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864. ROSTER OF COMPANY B. 369 SAMUEL DANA WAIN, aged twenty-one, enlisted August 20, 1862, and died at Louisville, Ky., November 28, 1862. CHARLES D. DARE was born in Highland county, Ohio, May 3, 1839, removed with his parents to Illinois in 1844, and enlisted August 4, 1862. He served with the company until knocked down and captured at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864, and was exchanged in October following. Returning to duty he was mounted as a scout in the campaign through the Carolinas and was again captured near Goldsboro, N. C. He was held in Saulsbury, Danville and Libby prisons until the close of the war, and was honorably discharged July 18, 1865. He resides at Dun- can's Mills, Fulton county, Illinois. AMOS EVELAND, aged twenty-three, enlisted July 20, 1862, and served with the company until killed at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864. Is buried at No. 1915 in the national cemetery at Marietta, Ga. JOSEPH H. FITCH, aged twenty-six, enlisted July 26, 1862, served with the company until wounded at the battle of Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864, and as he was absent (sick of wounds) when the regiment was mustered out, it is probable that his wound disabled him for active service. He was mustered out from the hospital at Milwaukee, Wis., July 3, 1865, and is reported to have died some years later, probably in 1896. He resided near Lewistown, 111. DAVID FOX enlisted at the age of forty-three, and served with the company until near the close of the war, when he was sent to the hospital, and was honorably discharged for disability from the hospital at Quincy, 111., April 3, 1865. He died soon after return- ing home. JOHN GRAY enlisted at the age of twenty-five, served through the Kentucky campaign, and was discharged for disability August 10, 1863. He returned to his home in Fulton county, resumed farming, and died near Waterford in about 1872. WILLIAM GREATHOUSE enlisted at the age of twenty-four, served with the company through the Kentucky campaign, and was discharged for disability at Nashville, Tenn., April 22, 1863. He died July 29, 1893. JAMES GREATHOUSE, JR., aged twenty-two, enlisted from Bath, in Mason county. He is reported on the muster out roll as having died, but neither time nor place is given. 370 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. JOHNSTON GALBRAITH enlisted at the age of twenty-nine years, served through the Kentucky campaign, and died at Nash- ville, Tenn., Jan. 3, 1863. JAMES F. GOODMAN, aged twenty-two, deserted at Mitchell- ville, Tenn., November 8, 1862. CHARLES HURLEY enlisted at the age of twenty-two, served with his company to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He returned to Mason county, resumed farm- ing, and died near Teheran, 111., January 16, 1890. JOHN W. HEALD, aged twenty-one at enlistment. He served with his company until captured, probably on the Atlanta cam- paign, and was honorably discharged from Springfield, 111., May 24, 1865. His last known address was Parsons, Labette county, Kansas. JOHN HAMILTON, aged twenty-five, deserted at Peoria, 111. BARTHOLOMEW HURLEY enlisted at the age of twenty years and served through the Kentucky campaign, was sent to the hos- pital soon after reaching Nashville, and died January 23, 1863. Is buried at No. 6016 in the national cemetery at Nashville, Tenn. WILLIAM D. HOLMES enlisted at the age of twenty-one years, served with his company until wounded at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864. He was honorably discharged from the hospital at Quincy, 111., April 3, 1865. Is supposed to be living at Vermont, Fulton county, Illinois. DAVID HOLTY enlisted at the age of forty-three, and deserted at Peoria, 111. RICHARD JONES, aged eighteen, deserted at Peoria, 111. BENJAMIN JONES, aged twenty-four, served with his com- pany to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regi- ment. He died June 9, 1898, at Connersville, Ind. BENJAMIN F. KRATZER was born in Warren county, Indi- ana, November 9, 1835, and removed to Illinois in 1855. He was wounded at the battle of Perryville, Ky., October 8, 1862, and was transferred to the marine brigade at Nashville, Tenn., in March, 1863. He served with that organization on the Mississippi river until discharged at Vicksburg, Miss., January 17, 1865. He re- moved to California in 1888, and served as a. justice of the peace in San Diego county. He is now an inmate of the Soldiers' Home in Los Angeles, Cal. ROSTER OF COMPANY B. 371 THOMAS G. LINDERMAN, aged thirty-four, enlisted from Fulton county, served with his company to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He returned to Fulton county, resumed farming, and resides near Ipava, 111. DAVID MORRIS was born in Manchester, Adams county, Ohio, August 15, 1836, and removed to Illinois in 1854. He served with his company to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He now resides at No. 203 Lower Hamilton street, Peoria, 111. ALVERO C. MINTONYE was born in Dearborn, Wayne county, Michigan, October 25, 1836, and removed with his parents to Illi- nois in 1850. He served with his company to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. He was slightly wounded at the battle of Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864, but not disabled for duty. He removed to Iowa after he was mustered out; is tinner by trade, and resides at Garden Grove, Decatur county. ENOCH MUSTARD, aged twenty-one at enlistment, served with his company until he died on the march to the sea, near Ebenezer creek, Georgia, December 8, 1864. LUCIUS MUSTARD, aged twenty-one at enlistment, served with his company to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He returned to Fulton county, Illinois, where he died in about 1875. GEORGE F. MARANVILLE, aged thirty-one when he enlisted August 4, 1862, served to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. Returning to his former home he resumed farming, and was drowned in the river near Havana, 111., in about 1876. JOHN M. McCONNAHAY, aged twenty-two when he enlisted August 12, 1862, served with his company to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He was an inmate of the Soldiers' Home at Quincy, 111., when killed by the street cars on January 28, 1892. MICHAEL E. MILLER enlisted at the age of thirty-two on August 15, 1862, served with his company to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. He died in Springfield, 111., August 24, 1897. 372 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. DAVID NOYES enlisted at the age of twenty-eight and prob- ably died at Nashville, Tenn., but there is nothing on the record by which the date and place can be given. STEPHEN H. NOTT was born in Eugene, Vermillion county, Indiana, May 10, 1840, and with his parents removed to Illinois in the autumn of that year. He was a farmer when he enlisted from Fulton county. He served with his company through all the cam- paigns in which the command was engaged until captured at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia. He was held a prisoner in Andersonville to the close of the war, and was honorably dis- charged July 22, 1865. He returned to Fulton county, resumed farming, has been school director, and now resides at Lewis- town, 111. JAMES E. NICHOLS enlisted at the age of twenty-nine on August 20, 1862. He served with his company until near the close of the war, but was absent (sick) at the muster out of the regi- ment. His subsequent career is unknown. JOHN H. O'LEARY enlisted from Mason county at the age of twenty-two, served with his company until captured at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864. He was held a pris- oner of war until the war closed, and was honorably discharged at Springfield, 111., July 22, 1865. He resides in Bath, 111. EBENEZER PAUL, aged forty-three when he enlisted on July 26, 1862, served with his company through the Kentucky campaign and was discharged for disability on February 8, 1863. He is re- ported to have died in Nebraska about 1876. SAMUEL PAUL, aged forty-one, enlisted August 20, 1862, served through the Kentucky campaign, and was discharged for disability February 8, 1863. He died soon after the close of the war. ROBERT PORTER was born in County Down, Ireland, in 1831, and emigrated with his parents to Illinois in 1851. He enlisted as a farmer from Fulton county, and served with his company through all the campaigns in which the regiment had a part. He was wounded while guarding a train to Murfreesborough, Tenn., but not severely. He was mustered out with the regiment, re- turned to Fulton county, and resumed farming. He now resides at Lewistown, 111. THOMAS J. RATCLIFF enlisted at the age of twenty-two, served through the Kentucky campaign, and was discharged for ROSTER OF COMPANY B. 373 disability October 18, 1863. He died at Lincoln, 111., before the close of the war. FRANKLIN RICHARDSON enlisted from Fulton county at the age of thirty-five, and served to the close of the war, but was ab- sent (sick) at the muster out of the regiment. He was honorably discharged August 30, 1865, and returned to Fulton county, where he died soon after the close of the war. WILLIAM H. SKILES enlisted at the age of twenty-one, and served with the company through all the campaigns in which the regiment was engaged until his health failed on the Atlanta cam- paign. He was sent to the hospital at Tullahoma, Tenn., where he died on July 25, 1864. JOHN F. M. SINGLETON, aged nineteen when he enlisted August 20, 1862, and served to the. close of the war. He was hon- orably discharged May 27, 1865, and is supposed to be living in Missouri. JOSHUA T. SINGLETON enlisted at the age of twenty-one and served with his company until severely wounded at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864. His thigh was broken by a gun shot, and he fell into the hands of the enemy and died at Atlanta, Ga., July 21. WILLIAM SOUTHWOOD enlisted from Fulton county at the age of twenty-five, served to the close of the war, and was mus- tered out with the regiment. He returned to Fulton county, and now resides at Lewistown, 111. ELLIS SOUTHWOOD was born in Waterford, Fulton county, Illinois, in 1845, enlisted August 14, 1862, and served to the close of the war. He was slightly wounded at the battle of Perryville, Ky., October 8, 1862. He was mustered out with the regiment, returned to Fulton county, resumed farming, and now resides near Lewistown, 111. CHARLES SPINK enlisted at the age of twenty-one, served with his company until the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864, where he was instantly killed. His remains are buried in the national cemetery at Marietta, Ga., at No. 1914. DAVID or JACOB SHOCK, aged thirty-five, deserted at Peoria, Illinois. JAMES B. THOMAS, aged twenty-one, enlisted July 26, 1862, and served in the Kentucky campaign until the regiment reached Bowling Green, Ky., where he was sent to the hospital. He died 374 HISTORY OF THE 8STH ILLINOIS. January 29, 1863, and his remains are buried at No. 10539 in the national cemetery at Nashville, Tenn. JAMES W. TIPPEY was born in Yilliamson county, Illinois, in 3839, and enlisted from Fulton county. Served through the Kentucky campaign, and was transferred to the invalid corps at Nashville, Tenn. He was honorably discharged, returned to Ful- ton county, resumed farming, and now resides at Enion, 111. JAMES W. TIPPEY was born in Williamson county, Illinois, vember 27, 1836, and enlisted from Fulton county. He was de- tached as blacksmith and served in that capacity to the close of the war ,and was mustered out with the regiment. He returned to Fulton county, where he resumed his trade that of a black- smith. His address is Duncan's Mills, 111. WILLIAM B. WINCHELL was born in Ohio, July 8, 1838, re- moved to Illinois, and enlisted from Fulton county. He served with the company until captured at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864, was a prisoner some two months, when he was exchanged, and served to the close of the war. He was mus- tered out with the regiment, returned to Fulton county, and re- sumed farming. He resides at Lewistown, 111. GEORGE WINCHELL, aged twenty-one, enlisted from Ful- ton county, and served with his company until captured at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864. He was ex- changed some two months later, returned to his company, and was mustered out with the regiment. He removed to Iowa some years ago, where he now resides. JAMES H. WESTERFIELD was born in 1838, and enlisted from Fulton county. He served to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. He returned to Fulton county, but died soon after. JAMES McKALlP Muster out roll gives nothing about this soldier, except that he was discharged for disability February 8, 1863. This is an error. He died at Nashville, Tenn., and his remains are buried at No. 295 in the national cemetery near that city. THOMAS E. PAUL Date of enlistment not given on the roll. Died December 7, 1862, and is buried at No. 5666 in the national cemetery at Nashville, Tenn. SILAS STRODE Date of enlistment not given. Discharged lor disability April 22, 1863. Is said to reside in Cuba, 111. JAMES T. PIERCE (Quartermaster sergeant. See field and staff). ROSTER OF COMPANY C. 375 CHAPTER XXIX. Company C was enrolled by Samuel Black, a farmer residing near Mason City, between July 23 and August 15, 1862, the entire company, except two one from Logan and one from Peoria enlisting from Mason county. At the organization of the company the fol- lowing commissioned officers were elected: Samuel Black, captain; George A. Blanchard, first lieutenant, and Dr. William W. Walker, second lieutenant. Of the 102 officers and men originally mustered in 8 were killed in action, 7 died of wounds, and 14 were hit whose wounds did not prove fatal while in the service, 22 died of disease, 24 were discharged for disability, 7 were transferred, 2 officers resigned and 31 officers and men were mustered out with the regiment. The company bore well its part, and did its full share in making the history of the regiment one of which its members may be justly proud. THE COMPANY ROSTER. CAPTAIN SAMUEL BLACK was born in Sangamon county, Illinois, July 4, 1827, and was married and a farmer when he en- tered the service from Mason county. He commanded the com- pany through the Kentucky campaign, resigned at Nashville, Tenn., February 7, 1863, and returned home. He removed to Wis- consin in July, 1863, and engaged in farming in Dunn county. Has served as county clerk six years, and as justice of peace, chairman of the town board, and member of the legislature. He has also been engaged in merchandising and in the livery business. He is retired now, and resides at Menomonie, Dunn county, Wisconsin. CAPTAIN GEORGE A. BLANCHARD was born in Henderson, Jefferson county, New York, May 14, 1833, and with his parents, Aaron and Anna Blanchard, removed to Illinois and settled in St. 376 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. Charles in Kane county, in 1838. He served for a time as deputy sheriff and circuit clerk of Kane county, married Amanda Walker, March 17, 1857, and removed to Havana, in Mason county, where he engaged in general merchandise. He assisted in recruiting Company C, and at the organization of the company was elected first lieutenant. He was promoted to be captain February 7, 1863, and commanded the company until captured at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864. He was held in various rebel prisons until the close of the war, and was honorably discharged May 15, 1865. Upon his return to Havana he was appointed master in chancery for Mason county, holding the position until 1868, when he was elected circuit clerk. At the close of a four-years' term he became the secretary of the Springfield and Northwestern railway, and was serving in that capacity when he died May 4, 1875. FIRST LIEUTENANT WILLIAM W. WALKER was born in Adair county, Kentucky, July 8, 1822, removed to Illinois and was engaged in the practice of medicine in Mason county when he enlisted in August, 1862. He was elected second lieutenant at the organization of the company, served with his company through the Kentucky and Murfreesborough campaigns and was promoted first lieutenant February 7, 1863. He took part in the Tennessee campaign and the battle of Chickamauga, Ga., but soon after his health failed and he resigned for disability incurred in the service. He returned to Mason county, resumed the practice of his profes- sion, which he continued until a short time previous to his death. He died at Easton, 111., March 20, 1890. SECOND LIEUTENANT JAMES M. HAMILTON was born in Morgan county, Illinois, in 1834, and was an unmarried farmer when he enlisted from Mason City, in Mason county. He was chosen fifth sergeant at the organization of the company, served through Kentucky and Tennessee campaigns, and was promoted second lieutenant October 7, 1863. He participated in all the campaigns in which the regiment was engaged until captured in the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864, was ex- changed before the close of the war. He was mustered out with the regiment and returned to Mason City, 111., where he died in about 1874. FIRST SERGEANT WILLIAM M. HAMILTON was born in Morgan county, Illinois, in 1834, and was farming in Mason county ROSTER OF COMPANY C. 377 when he enlisted from Mason City. He was chosen first sergeant at the organization of the company, served through the Kentucky campaign, and was discharged for disability January 27, 1863. When last heard from he resided at Reno, Cass county, Iowa. FIRST SERGEANT JOHN H. DUVALL was born in Fleming county, Kentucky, in 1838, removed to Illinois and was married and a school teacher when he enlisted from Mason City. He was chosen third sergeant at the organization of the company, served through the Kentucky campaign, receiving a slight wound at the battle of Perry ville, Ky. He was promoted first sergeant and served with his company in all the campaigns and actions in which the regiment was engaged until killed at the assault on Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864. His remains are buried at No. 8726 in the national cemetery at Marietta, Ga. FIRST SERGEANT JOHN HOUSEWORTH was born in Selin's Grove, Suyder county, Pennsylvania, in 1841, and was a black- smith residing at Mason City, 111., when he enlisted. He was chosen fourth sergeant at the organization of the company and was promoted first sergeant when Sergeant Duvall was killed at the battle of Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864. He served with his company until captured at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864, was held prisoner to the close of the war, and was honorably discharged June 17, 1865. He re- turned to Mason City, 111., where he died in about 1875. SERGEANT ANDREW RICHEY was born in Donegal, Ireland, in 1824; emigrated to Illinois, and was a harness maker when he enlisted from Mason City. He was chosen sergeant at the organi- zation of the company, served through the Kentucky and Mur- freesboro campaigns, and was discharged for disability August 18, 1863. He returned to his family at Mason City, 111., where he died soon after. SERGEANT HENRY H. BUCK was the son of Captain Fred- erick Buck, a native of Denmark, and Esther Lawson, a native of Massachusetts, and was born in Havana, Mason county, Illinois, August 21, 1835. He attended the Illinois college at Jacksonville from 1854 to 1858, when failing health compelled him to quit his studies. He taught school at Bath and Mason City and enlisted from the latter place. He was promoted sergeant and participated in all the campaigns and battles in which the regiment had a part until instantly killed by a shell that shattered his skull at the as- 378 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. sault on Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864. He was bur- ied with so many others where he fell, but in 1866 his remains were brought to his former home, and interred in the cemetery at Havana, 111. SERGEANT GEORGE BLACK was born in Dalrymple, Ayr- shire county, Scotland, in 1828, emigrated to Illinois and enlisted as a farmer from Mason county. He served through the Ken- tucky campaign, was promoted sergeant at Nashville, Tenn., and had a part in all the campaigns in which the regiment was en- gaged until captured at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864. He was held in various rebel prisons until the close of the war, when he was honorably discharged under date of June 17, 1865. He returned to Mason county, but soon after went west, and is supposed to have died. SERGEANT JAMES S. CHESTER was born at Leesburgh, 'Cumberland county, New Jersey, April 9, 1843, and with his par- ents removed to Illinois in 1857. He enlisted as a farmer from Mason county, was slightly wounded at the battle of Perryville, Ky., October 8, 1862, and served with his company through all the campaigns in which the regiment was engaged. He was promoted sergeant in December, 1864, served to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. Upon his return he resumed farming in Mason county, and resides at Easton, 111. SERGEANT WILLIAM H. MITCHELL was born in Salem, Washington county, Indiana, September 18, 1838, removed to Illi- nois in 1859, and was married and a farmer when he enlisted from Mason county. He was promoted sergeant, served with his com- pany to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regi- ment. Returning to Mason county he engaged in farming until 1890, when he removed to Chicago and engaged in the real estate and insurance business. He resides at No. 5941 Princeton avenue, Chicago, 111. SERGEANT ROBERT LOFTON was born in Washington county, Indiana, in 1835, and was a married farmer when he en- listed from Mason City. He was promoted sergeant, served with his company to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. After his return to his former home he removed to Ford county, and died near Paxton, 111., in 1875. SERGEANT JAMES LEEPER, aged thirty-six, was married an-1 a farmer when he enlisted from Mason county. He was pro- ROSTER OF COMPANY C 379 moted sergeant, served with his company until killed by a shell at Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 25, 1864. He was lying in his shelter tent when a shot from the battery on the mountain cut him in twain. His remains are buried at No. 555 in the national cemetery at Marietta, Ga. CORPORAL JACOB B. LOGNE, aged twenty-three, born in Cass county, Illinois, farmer, enlisted from Mason county, was chosen corporal at the organization of the company, served to the close of the war, was mustered out with the regiment, and now resides at Rockport, Atchison county, Missouri. CORPORAL HARVEY H. HUTCHENS, aged thirty-five, born in Montgomery county, Ohio, married, farmer, enlisted from Mason county, chosen corporal at the organization of the com- pany, served with his company through the Kentucky campaign; his health failing he was discharged January 22, 1863. Returning home he never entirely recovered and died at Mason City. 111., in about 1869. CORPORAL JAMES O. LOGNE, aged thirty, born in Cass county, Illinois, was unmarried and a farmer when he enlisted from Mason county, chosen corporal at the organization of the company, served through the Kentucky campaign; his health fail- ing he was discharged January 7, 1863, and died at Lincoln, 111., on his way home. CORPORAL JAMES L. HASTINGS (promoted hospital stew- ard. See field and staff). CORPORAL JAMES J. PELHAM was born in Sangamon county, Illinois, June 20, 1831, was a farmer and enlisted from Mason county. He was chosen corporal at the organization of the company; served through the Kentucky campaign, but his health failed and he was discharged from Nashville, Tenn., for disability under date of February 13, 1863. He is a veterinary surgeon, and resides at Thermopolis, Fremont county, Wyoming. CORPORAL CYRUS R. QUIGLEY was born in Napoleon, Jack- son county, Michigan, March 21, 1841; removed to Illinois and was a farmer when he enlisted from Mason county. He served through the Kentucky campaign, was a member of Captain Powell's mounted scouts some two months at Nashville, Tenn., orderly at General Granger's headquarters one month, then sent to convales- cent camp. He served in Company K, Eighth Veteran reserve 380 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. corps until March, 1865, -when he was returned to his company and was mustered out with the regiment. He is engaged in farming near Decatur, Decatur county, Iowa, that town being his postofflce address. CORPORAL ANDREW J. OPDYKE was born in Fort Wayne, Allen county, Indiana, December 26, 1836; removed with his par- ents to Illinois in 1854, and was married and a farmer when he enlisted from Mason county. He served with his company through all the campaigns in which the regiment was engaged until wounded at the assault on Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864. His wound disabled him for further service and he was honorably discharged from the hospital at Camp Butler, 111., Feb- ruary 18, 1865. He removed to California in December, 1870, and is engaged in farming. He was postmaster at Cayton from 1884 to 1893. His address is Cayton, Shasta county, California. CORPORAL PLEASANT ARMSTRONG, aged thirty-three, born in Menard county, Illinois, was married and a farmer when he enlisted from Mason county. He was chosen corporal at the organization of the company, served through the Kentucky cam- paign, was transferred to the marine brigade at Nashville, Tenn., and died in the service. Date and place unknown. CORPORAL THOMAS H. B. HOLLINGSWORTH, aged twenty- seven, born in Windham county, Connecticut, was married and a farmer when he enlisted from Mason county. He was appointed wagoner at the organization of the company, was promoted cor- poral, served through all the campaigns in which the regiment was engaged, and was mustered out with the regiment. He re- moved to Minnesota after the war closed, but his address is not known to the writer. CORPORAL WILLIAM D. ALKIRE was born in Menard county, Illinois, August 23, 1838, and was a married farmer when he enlisted from Mason county. He served with his company through all the campaigns in which the regiment was engaged until captured at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864; was held prisoner until April 28, 1865, when he was ex- changed. He was slightly wounded in the assault on Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864, was promoted corporal and hon- orably discharged June 17, 1865. He removed to Iowa in August, 1865, has been justice of the peace in Cass county; is farming, and resides at Thurman, Fremont county, Iowa. ROSTER OF COMPANY C. 381 CORPORAL ALMON BROOKS, aged twenty-seven, born in Union county, Ohio, was married and a farmer when he enlisted from Mason county, Illinois. He was promoted corporal, served through the Kentucky campaign, and died at Nashville, Tenn., April 7, 1863. Is buried at No. 3257 in the national cemetery near that city. CORPORAL CHANNING CLARK, aged twenty-four, born in Williamantic, Windham county, Connecticut, removed to Illinois, and enlisted as unmarried and a farmer from Mason county. He was severely wounded at the battle of Perry ville, Ky., October 8, 1862, served to the close of the war, but was absent (sick) at the muster out of the regiment. Returning, he resumed farming near Easton, 111., where he died. CORPORAL FRANCIS A. CHESTER was born near Lees- burgh, Cumberland county, New Jersey, March 15, 1841, removed with his parents to Illinois in 1857, and enlisted as a farmer from Mason county. He served with his company in all the campaigns and battles in which the regiment was engaged; was promoted corporal, and was mustered out with the regiment. Returning to Mason county at the close of the war he resumed farming, has served as school trustee from 1878 to 1887, and resides at Teheran, 111. CORPORAL JEREMIAH HOLLEY, aged thirty-seven, born in Lawrence county, Ohio, farmer and married when he enlisted from Mason county. He served with his company until captured at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864; was held in rebel prisons until the close of the war; was promoted corporal, and honorably discharged June 17, 1865. His last known address is Chillicothe, Mo. CORPORAL JESSE C. MONTGOMERY, aged thirty-two, born in Gibson county, Indiana, married and a bricklayer when he en- listed from Mason City, 111. He served through the Kentucky campaign, was promoted corporal, and transferred to the marine brigade at Nashville, Tenn., January 13, 1863. Is reported to be living at Petersburg, 111. CORPORAL ANDREW McCLARIN, aged twenty-eight, born in Plainfield, Union county, New Jersey, removed to Illinois, was single and a farmer when he enlisted from Mason City. He was promoted corporal and served with his company until severely 382 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. wounded at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864. He fell into the hands of the enemy and died in rebel prison August 4, 1864. CORPORAL WILLIAM C. PELHAM, aged thirty-two, was mar- ried and a farmer when he enlisted from Mason county. Was pro- moted corporal; his health failing on the Kentucky campaign he was left in the hospital at Bowling Green, Ky., where he died No- vember 11, 1862. CORPORAL THOMAS STAGG, aged twenty-five, born in Cin- cinnati, Ohio, was married and a farmer when he enlisted from Mason county, Illinois. He was promoted corporal, served with his company until severely wounded and captured at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864. He died at Atlanta, Ga., July 28, 1864. MUSICIAN GEORGE W. DEITRICH, aged twenty, born in Selin's Grove, Snyder county, Pennsylvania, removed with his parents to Illinois, and was a shoemaker when he enlisted from Mason City. He served through the Kentucky campaign and was discharged for disability February 19, 1863. Is supposed to be liv- ing in St. Joseph, Mo. MUSICIAN BENJAMIN F. SCOVIL was born in Waterford, Fulton county, Illinois, January 1, 1846, and enlisted from his na- tive county. He served with his company until captured at the battle of Peach Tree Creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864, and was held in rebel prisons until the close of the war, and was honorably dis- charged June 17, 1865. He removed to North Dakota, where he engaged in farming, and has been postmaster at McKinzie, Bur- leigh county, since 1888. JOHN H. ATCHINSON, aged twenty-three, born in St. Clair county, Illinois; was single and a farmer when he enlisted from Mason county. He served through the Kentucky campaign, and was discharged for disability January 17, 1863. Last heard from at Shawneetown, 111. MICHAEL ATCHINSON, aged twenty-two, married and a farmer when he enlisted from Mason county. He served with his company until captured at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Geor- gia, July 19, 1864; was held in retel prisons until the close of the war, and was honorably discharged June 17, 1865.. He returned to Illinois; resumed farming, and died near Shawneetown, April 6, 1898. ROSTER OF COMPANY C. 383 WILLIAM ARMSTRONG, aged twenty-nine, born in Menard county, Illinois, was single and a farmer when he enlisted from Mason county. He was discharged at Louisville, Ky., for disabil- ity, but no date appears upon the record. He returned to Mason county, resumed farming, and died near Easton, 111., May 5, 1899. Note A few years before the war this soldier was tried for murder; defended by Abraham Lincoln, and acquitted by the jury without leaving their seats. Armstrong had been present at an evening meeting where a man was killed, and although entirely innocent, a conspiracy was formed to convict him of the crime. At the trial, each of the prosecuting witnesses testified to seeing the knife glit- ter in Armstrong's hand when he struck the fatal blow, by the light of the moon. Whereupon Mr. Lincoln introduced an almanac in evidence, which showed that the murder was committed in the dark of the moon. DAVID BRADFORD, aged twenty-one, born in Madison county, Ohio; was a farmer when he enlisted from Mason county, Illinois; served with his company until captured at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864. He was thought to have died in prison, but the record shows that he was honorably dis- charged from Springfield, 111., June 7, 1865. JOHN L. BURNETT, aged thirty-two, born in Clay county, Indiana; married, and a farmer when he enlisted from Mason county, Illinois; served with his company until killed at the bat- tle of Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864. His remains are buried at No. 9313, in the national cemetery at Marietta, Ga. WILLIAM CLARK, aged twenty-one, born and raised in Mason county, from whence he enlisted; served in the Kentucky campaign until his health failed; was sent to the hospital at Bowl- ing Green, Ky., where he died November 16, 1862. NELSON D. CUE, aged eighteen, born in Menard county, Illi- nois, and enlisted as a farmer from Mason county. He served with his company to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. He returned to Illinois; resumed farming, and resides at Greenview, Menard county. JOSEPH W. CARTER, born in Mercer county, New Jersey, removed to Illinois; was married and a farmer when he enlisted from Mason county, Illinois, at the age of twenty-three. He served with his company through the Kentucky campaign and was sent to the hospital at Nashville, Tenn., from which he was dis- 384 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. charged for disability November 7, 1862. He resides at Scotts- ville, Mitchell county, Kansas. SAMUEL DERWENT, aged thirty-five, born in Yorkshire county, England; emigrated to Illinois; was single and a farmer when he enlisted from Mason county. He served with his com- pany through the Kentucky campaign; was sent to the hospital at Nashville, Tenn., where he died December 19, 1862. Is buried at No. 4451, in the national cemetery near that city. JEREMIAH DEITRICH, aged thirty-one, born at Selin's Grove, Snyder county, Pennsylvania; removed to Illinois, and was a married shoemaker when he enlisted from Mason county. He served with his company until severely wounded at the assault on Kennesaw mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864; was removed to the hospital at Nashville, Tenn., where he died on July 13, following. Is buried at No. 9709, in the national cemetery near that city. SAMUEL A. DRAY, aged twenty-three, born in Steubenville, Jefferson county, Ohio, removed to Illinois and was single and a farmer when he enlisted from Mason county. He served with his company to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. Resides at Canton, Fulton county, Illinois. PETER DOLCATER, aged twenty-five, born in Dornburg, Ger- many, emigrated to Illinois, was married and a farmer when he enlisted from Mason county. He served with his company until near the close of the war, when he was sent to the hospital. He was honorably discharged from the general hospital at Spring- field, 111., January 26, 1865. DANIEL DAUGHERTY, aged twenty-five, born in Adams county, Ohio, was single and a farmer when he enlisted from Mason county, Illinois. He served with his company until severe- ly wounded in the assault on Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864; was sent to the hospital at Chattanooga, Tenn., where he died on August 24, following. Is buried at No. 2090, in the national cemetery on Orchard Knob. EPHRAIM GATES, aged twenty-two, born in Jefferson county, Illinois, was single and a farmer when he enlisted from Mason county. He served with his company until failing health sent him to the hospital at Bowling Green, Ky., where he died Novem- ber 18, 1862. His remains are buried at No. 10685, in the national cemetery at Nashville, Tenn. ROSTER OF COMPANY C. 385 ELBERT L. GARDNER wac Torn in Morgan, Ashtabula coun- ty, Ohio, November 27, 1844, removed to Illinois in 1857, and was a farmer when he enlisted from Mason county. He served with his company through the Kentucky campaign, but failing health sent him to the hospital at Nashville, Tenn. Later he was removed to the general hospital at Harrodsburg, Ky., where he was discharged for disability March 16, 1863. He is a carpenter by trade and resides at Dun Station, Wilson county, Kansas. JAMES M. GARDNER, aged nineteen, born in Ashtabula coun- ty, Ohio, removed to Illinois and enlisted from Mason county as a farmer. He served with his company until captured at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864, but was exchanged and served to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. JOHN R. GARDNER, aged thirty, born in New York, removed to Illinois, and was a farmer when he enlisted from Mason county. He served with his company until captured near Dallas, Ga., May 28, 1864; was held in rebel prisons until the close of the war, and was honorably discharged July 15, 1865. He removed to Kansas and is reported to have died somewhere in that state. JOHN A. GARDNER, aged eighteen, born in Ashtabula county, Ohio, and enlisted as a farmer from Mason county. His health failed while on the Kentucky campaign and he was left in the hospital at Harrodsburg, Ky., where he died November 25, 1862. His remains are buried at No. 360, in the national cemetery at Camp Nelson, Ky . THOMAS W. GREEN, aged 33, born in Clark county, Ohio, married, and enlisted as a farmer from Mason county, 111. He served to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regi- ment. Is supposed to be living at Conway, Laclede county, Mis- souri. GEORGE GREGORY, aged twenty-three, was single and a farmer when he enlisted from Mason county. His health failed on the Kentucky campaign, and he was left in the hospital at Danville, Ky., where he died . Is buried at No. 320, in the national cemetery near that city. DANIEL W. HASTINGS, aged nineteen, born in St. Lawrence county, New York, was a farmer residing at Mason City, 111., when he enlisted; served in the Kentucky campaign until the command 386 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. reached Bowling Green, Ky., when he was sent to the hospital, and died November 23, 1862. Is buried at No. 10691, in the national cemetery at Nashville, Tenn. JOHN HARKNESS, aged twenty-one, born in Philadelphia, Pa., enlisted from Mason county, Illinois, and deserted October 20, 1862. EDWIN M. HADSALL was born in Tunkhannock, Wyoming county, Pennsylvania, October 16, 1837, removed to Illinois in 1860, was single and a farmer when he enlisted from Mason county. He served with his company through the Kentucky campaign, was detailed in Battery I, Second Illinois light artillery at Nashville, Tenn., and served one year, returned to his company and served until wounded at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864; recovered, returned to duty and was mustered out with the regiment. He removed to Kansas in 1881, is a saddler by trade, and now resides at Trading Post, in Linn county, Kansas. SOLOMON HONS, aged thirty-two, born in Luzerne county, Pennsylvania, was married and a farmer when he enlisted from Mason county, Illinois. He served through the Kentucky cam- paign, and was transferred to the Veteran Reserve corps, but the date is unknown. He returned to Illinois after the close of the war, resumed farming, and died near Mason City. WESLEY HONS, aged twenty-eight, born in Luzerne county, Pennsylvania, was single and a farmer when he enlisted from Mason county, Illinois. He served through the Kentucky cam- paign and was discharged for disability March 1, 1863. LOUIS ISHMAEL, aged twenty-four, born in the state of Ken- tucky, married, farmer, enlisted from Mason county, Illinois. He served with his company until captured at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864; was held in rebel prisons until the close of the war, and died in the hospital at Annapolis, Md. Is buried at No. 1175, in the national cemetery at Annapolis, Md. RICHARD A. LANE, born in Warren county, Tennessee, was married and a farmer when he enlisted from Mason county, Illi- nois, at the age of thirty-nine. He served through the Kentucky campaign, and the adjutant general's report says, "He was dis- charged for disability January 15, 1863." In fact, he died, and his remains are buried at No. 6686, in the national cemetery at Nash- ville, Tenn. ROSTER OF COMPANY C. 387 TIDENSE W. LANE, aged twenty-three, born in Pike county, Illinois, was married and a farmer when he enlisted from Mason county. He served to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. Is reported to be living in Iowa. ABRAHAM L. LANE, aged eighteen, born in and enlisted from Mason county, Illinois, served with his company until health failed, and was discharged for disability April 18, 1864. He re- moved to Iowa after his return to Illinois, and died April , 1887, at Atlantic, la. GREEN B. LANE was born in McDonough county, Illinois, June 9, 1842, and enlisted as a farmer from Mason county. He served with his company until wounded at the assault on Ken- nesaw mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864; recovered from his wound, served to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. He removed to Woodston, Rooks county, Kansas, where he is engaged in farming. He was justice of the peace from 1891 to 1899. GEORGE A. MOORE, aged thirty-three, born in White county, Illinois, was single and a farmer when he enlisted from Mason county. He probably served with his company through the Ken- tucky campaign, but was discharged for disability January 18, 1863. ROBERT S. MOORE, aged twenty-one, born in Bond county, Illinois, farmer, enlisted from Mason county, served with his com- pany until sent to the hospital at Bowling Green, Ky., where he died November 18, 1862. GEORGE W. MOSLANDER was born in Sangamon county, Illi- nois, May 15, 1844; farmer, enlisted from Mason county, served through the Kentucky and Tennessee campaigns, and was slightly wounded at Kennesaw mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864. He was captured at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19. 1864, and was held in rebel prisons until the close of the war. He was honorably discharged June 17, 1865, and is engaged in farming at Teheran, 111. JOSEPH McCARTY, aged thirty-two, was single and a fanner when he enlisted from Mason county, served with his company through the Kentucky campaign, and was discharged for disability at Nashville, Tenn., but the date is unknown. 388 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS, JEREMIAH MARSHALL, aged twenty-one, blacksmith, born at Cape May, N. J., and was enlisted from Mason county, Illinois. He served through the Kentucky campaign and was transferred to the Fourth regular cavalry at Nashville, Tenn., December 4, 1862. JOHN W. MOSIER, aged twenty-seven, born in Miami county, Ohio, married and a farmer when he enlisted from Mason county, Illinois, served with his company until captured at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864; was held in rebel prisons until the close of the war, and was honorably discharged June 17, 1865. Returning to his former home, he lived at Easton, 111., for several years ,then moved to Carleton, Neb., and later to Chicago, 111., where he now resides. JOSEPH MOSLANDER, aged thirty, born in Davidson county, Tennessee, single, plasterer, enlisted from Mason county, Illinois, served with his company until his health failed on the Atlanta campaign, when he was sent to the hospital on Lookout mountain, Tennessee, where he died July 22, 1864. Is buried at No. 1662, in the national cemetery at Chattanooga, Tenn. WILLIAM H. NEELY, aged thirty-five, married, farmer, en- listed from Mason county, served with his company until severely wounded in the assault on Kennesaw mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864. He was sent to the hospital at Nashville, Tenn., thence to Jeffersonville, Ind., where he died on July 28, following. Is buried at No. 507, in the national cemetery at New Albany, Ind. SAMUEL NEELY, JR., aged twenty-four, born in Menard county, married, farmer, enlisted from Mason county, served to close of the war, but is marked, "Absent sick at muster out," of the regiment. Probably honorably discharged from the hospital, but the writer has been unable to get any further information con- cerning him. WILLIAM NEWBERRY, aged twenty-nine, married, black- smith, enlisted from Mason county, was severely wounded at the battle of Perryville, Ky., October 8, 1862, and was discharged for disability at Harrodsburg, Ky., February 8, 1863. Last known address, Glasgow, Mo. RICHARD A. OSBORN was born at Danville, Steuben county, New York, in 1838, removed to Illinois in 1854, and was a farmer when he enlisted from Mason county. He served through the Kentucky campaign, and was discharged for disability from the ROSTER OF COMPANY C. 389 regimental hospital at Nashville, Term., March 2, 1863. He re- turned to Mason county, resumed farming, and is now a lumber and coal dealer at Mason City, 111. JOSEPH O'DONNELL, aged eighteen, born in Fulton county, Illinois, farmer, enlisted from Mason county. His health failing, he was sent to the hospital at Bowling Green, Ky., where he died November 23, 1862. Is buried at No. 10684, in the national ceme- tery at Nashville, Tenn. JAMES H. PEARCY, aged twenty-eight, born in Putnam coun- ty, Indiana, married, carpenter, enlisted from Mason City, 111. His health failed on the Kentucky campaign and he was discharged for disability February 2, 1863. Is now living in Burlington, Coffey county, Kansas. STERLING PELHAM, aged thirty-five, married, farmer, en- listed from Mason county, and served with his company until cap- tured at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864, was held in rebel prisons until the close of the war, and was honorably discharged June 17, 1865. Reported dead by pension office. EBENEZER PAUL, aged thirty-five, born in Brown county, Ohio, married, shoemaker, enlisted from Mason county, Illinois, was left in the hospital at Bowling Green, Ky., where he died November 14, 1862. JAMES C. PATTERSON (promoted assistant surgeon. See field and staff). CHARLES E. QUANCE, aged twenty-one, born in Pennsyl- vania, and enlisted as a farmer from Mason county, Illinois. He served through the Kentucky campaign, and was discharged for disability at Nashville, Tenn., in January, 1863. Is supposed to be living at Angola, Steuben county, Indiana. GEORGE W. REYNOLDS, aged eighteen, born in Bedford county, Pennsylvania, farmer, enlisted from Mason county, Illi- nois, served on the Kentucky campaign until sent to the hospital at Bowling Green, Ky., where he died November 14, 1862. HIRAM RAMSEY, aged eighteen, farmer, born in Green county, Ohio, enlisted from Mason City, 111., served with his com- pany until failing health sent him to the hospital at Bowling Green, Ky., where he died in December, 1862. His remains are buried at No. 10859 in the national cemetery at Nashville, Tenn. 390 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. AARON RITTER was born in Lewisburg, Union county, Penn- sylvania, June 21, 1842, removed to Illinois in 1861, and enlisted as a farmer from Mason county. He served with his company until wounded and captured at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864. He was held in rebel prisons until April 26, 1865, when he made his escape, rejoined his company, and was mustered out with the regiment. He resides at 428 West Harrison street, Chicago, 111. WILLIAM B. SHORT, aged eighteen, born in and enlisted from Mason county, Illinois, served through the Kentucky campaign, and was transferred to the Veteran Reserve corps at Nashville, Tenn., September 16, 1863. Report says he died in the service. ORLANDO STEWART, aged eighteen, born in Greene county, Illinois, farmer, enlisted from Mason county, served with his com- pany until killed at the battle of Perryville, Ky., October 8, 1862. His remains are buried at No. 252, in the national cemetery at Camp Nelson, Ky. JOHN STUBBLEFIELD, aged twenty-two, born in Bond coun- ty, Illinois, farmer, enlisted from Mason county, served with his company until captured at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864, was held in rebel prisons until the close of the war, and honorably discharged June 17, 1865. He returned to Illinois, resumed farming and died in Menard county, in about 1880. HENRY SHAY, aged thirty, born in Dublin, Ireland, emigrated to Illinois, and was single and a farmer when he enlisted from Mason county. He served with his company until killed at the battle of Perryville, Ky., October 8, 1862. His remains are buried at No. 255, in the national cemetery at Camp Nelson, Ky. WILLIAM SMITH, aged twenty-one, born in England, was a farmer when he enlisted from Mason county, Illinois. His health failed and he was sent to the hospital at Bowling Green, Ky., where he died December 19, 1862. ARCHIBALD J. STUBBLEFIELD, aged twenty-two, born in Bond county, Illinois, single, farmer, enlisted from Logan county. His health failed on the Kentucky campaign and he was sent to the hospital at Bowling Green, Ky., where he died November 30, 1862. Is buried at No. 10634, in the national cemetery at Nash- ville, Tenn. ROSTER OF COMPANY C. 391 WILLIAM A. TYRRELL was born in Litchfield, Litchfield county, Connecticut, February 5, 1844, removed with his parents to Illinois in 1856, and enlisted from Mason county. He served with his company until captured at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864, and was held in Andersonville and other rebel prisons until the close of the war. He was honorably dis- charged June 17, 1865, and returned to Mason City, 111., where he now resides. JONATHAN P. TEMPLE, aged twenty-four, 'born in St. Law- rence county, New York, removed to Illinois, married, farmer, ar.d enlisted from Mason county. He was wounded at the battle of Perry ville, Ky., October 8, 1862, and transferred to the Veteran Reserve corps, August 10, 1864, returned to Illinois at the close of the war, but is supposed to be living in Minnesota. JOHN H. TOMLIN, aged thirty-one, born in New Jersey, re- moved to Illinois, was married and a farmer when he enlisted from Mason county. He served with his company until killed at the assault on Kennesaw mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864. MARCELLUS A. WHIP, aged twenty-five, born in Tazewell county, Illinois, married, farmer, enlisted from Mason county, served to the close of the war, but was absent (sick) at the muster out of the regiment. He was honorably discharged from the hos- pital at Camp Butler, 111., May 26, 1865. JEREMIAH WAGONER was born in Sangamon county, 111., in 1839, and was a married farmer when he enlisted from Mason county. He was slightly wounded at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864, but served to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. He returned to Illinois, resumed farming, and resides at Mason City, 111. THOMAS M. YOUNG, aged forty-four, born in Brown county, Ohio, single, farmer, enlisted from Mason county, Illinois. He served with his company until severely wounded at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864. His left leg was broken and a part of his left hand was shot away. He fell into the hands of the enemy and died at Macon, Ga., August 2, 1864. THOMAS P. YOUNG, aged eighteen, single, fanner, born in Bedford county, Virginia, and enlisted from Mason City, 111. He was transferred to the Veteran Reserve corps, returned to Illinois at the close of the war, and died at Mason City, in about 1870. 392 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. JAMBS K. YOUNG, aged twenty-seven, born in Brown county, Ohio, married, farmer, enlisted from Mason county, Illinois, and served with his company until severely wounded in the assault on Kennesaw mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864. He was removed to the hospital at Nashville, Tenn., where he died July 17, 1864. Is buried at No. 13657, in the national cemetery near that city. HENRY G. YARDLBY, aged twenty-two, born and enlisted in Mason county, farmer, served to the close of the war and was mus- tered out with the regiment. He returned to his former home, resumed farming, and died near Kilbourne, 111., in March, 1900. JOSEPH DUNN was born in New York City, in 1844, removed to Illinois, was a farmer and enlisted from Peoria county. He served with his company until killed at the battle of Buzzard Roost, Georgia, February 25, 1864. His remains are buried at No. 10155. in the national cemetery at Chattanooga, Tenn. SKETCH OF COMPANY D. 393 CHAPTER XXX. Company D was enrolled 'by Dr. Charles W. Hough- ton, residing at Bath, in Mason county, and was re- cruited between July 18 and August 8, 1862. At the organization of the company the following commis- sioned officers were elected: Charles W. Houghton, captain; Comfort H. Ramon, first lieutenant, and Charles H. Chatfield, second lieutenant. This company was mustered in with 95 officers and men, of whom 5 were killed in action, 3 died of wounds, i was accidentally killed and 15 received wounds in bat- tle which did not prove fatal while in the service, 13 died of disease, 22 were discharged for disability, i was trans- ferred, and 40 officers and men were mustered out with the regiment. Under the careful training of Lieutenant Chatfield this company became very proficient in the skirmish drill, and upon all occasions performed its duty with zeal and energy. The following is THE COMPANY ROSTER. CAPTAIN CHARLES W. HOUGHTON, aged twenty-six, born in Menard county, Illinois, physician, enlisted from Bath, was elected captain at the reorganization of the company, served through the Kentucky and Tennessee campaigns, but at Chatta- nooga his health failed and he resigned December 27, 1863. Re- turning home, he resumed the practice of his profession at Easton, 111., where he died in about 1890. CAPTAIN CHARLES H. CHATFIELD was born in Middlefield,. Geauga county, Ohio, October 3, 1840, removed with his parents to Illinois in 1843, and settled on a farm in Mason county. After making a trip to Pike's Peak, in 1859, he settled near Fort Scott* 24 394 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. Kansas, and served six months in the Border War. He returned to Illinois in 1860, and was a clerk in Bath when he enlisted as a private May 25, 1861, in Company K, Seventeenth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and was severely wounded at the battle of Fort Donel- son, February 13, 1862. He was discharged on account of wounds June 15, 1862, returned to Bath, and assisted in recruiting Com- pany D, and was elected second lieutenant at the organization of the company. He was a splendid drillmaster and was filled with soldierly pride. General Sheridan once said to Colonel Moore, "You must hold that young lieutenant back he is too anxious for a fight." He was promoted first lieutenant December 21, 1862, and to be captain December 27, 1863. He commanded his company from the latter date, until killed in the assault on Kennesaw mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864. His remains are buried at No. 2331, in the national cemetery at Marietta, Ga. FIRST LIEUTENANT COMFORT H. RAMON, aged thirty- three, born in Mason county, Illinois, married, farmer, when he enlisted from Bath. He was elected first lieutenant at the organ- ization of the company, served through the Kentucky campaign, and resigned December 27, 1862. He returned to Illinois, resumed farming near Kilbourne, in Mason county, where he died soon after the close of the war. CAPTAIN SAMUEL YOUNG, aged forty, born in Miami county, Ohio, removed to Illinois, and settled on a farm in Mason county, enlisted from Bath, and was chosen first sergeant at the organization of the company. He was promoted first lieutenant December 27, 1863, and captain June 27, 1864. He commanded the company on the Atlanta campaign after the death of Captain Chatfield, and on the march to the sea, until his health failed. He died near Milledgeville, Ga., November 23, 1864. CAPTAIN THOMAS F. PATTERSON, aged twenty, born in Jacksonville, 111., farmer, enlisted from Bath as a private, was pro- moted first lieutenant June 27, 1864, and to be captain November 23, 1864. He commanded the company to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. Is supposed to be living at Jacksonville, 111. FIRST LIEUTENANT FRANCIS S. COGESHALL was born in Cass county, Illinois, December 21, 1840, and was a farmer when he enlisted from Bath. He was chosen corporal at the organiza- tion of the company, and was promoted first lieutenant November ROSTER OF COMPANY D. 395 23, 1864, served to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He removed to South Dakota in 1885, and served two terms as county treasurer of Jerauld county, removed to Min- nesota in 1899, and is now farming near Fulda, Murray county, Minnesota. SECOND LIEUTENANT WILLIAM W. TURNER, aged twen- ty-eight, born in Miami county, Ohio, removed to Illinois, was married and a farmer when he enlisted from Bath. He was chosen sergeant at the organization of the company, and was pro- moted second lieutenant December 21, 1862, served with the com- pany until March 30, 1864, when he resigned and returned home. SERGEANT FREMAN BROUGHT, aged twenty-three, born in Ohio, single, farmer, enlisted from Bath, 111., was chosen sergeant at the organization of the company, and was killed at the battle of Perryville, Ky., October 8, 1862. Is buried at No. 272, in the national cemetery at Camp Nelson, Ky. SERGEANT URIAH B. LINDSEY, aged thirty-three, born in Cass county, Illinois, married, carpenter, enlisted from Bath, was chosen sergeant at the organization of the company, and was transferred to the Veteran Reserve corps September 1, 1863. At the close of his service he returned to Bath, 111., where he died February 28, 1898. SERGEANT MILES McCABE, aged thirty-one, born in Musk- ingum county, Ohio, married, carpenter, enlisted from Bath, 111., was chosen sergeant at the organization of the company, served until wounded at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864. He was taken from the field to the third division hospital, thence sent to hospitals from which he was discharged for disa- bility arising from his wounds, February 21, 1865. SERGEANT JOHN R. NEVILL was born in Hart county, Ken- tucky, January 28, 1828, removed to Illinois in 1855, married, far- mer, enlisted from Bath, was chosen corporal at the organization of the company, promoted sergeant in May, 1863, served to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. He removed to Kansas in 1S83, and settled in Anderson county. He is a carpenter and resides at Kincaid, Anderson county, Kansas. SERGEANT JOHN C. WILSON was born in Trumbull county, Ohio, May 3, 1832, removed with his parents to Illinois in 1849 and 396 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. settled on a farm in Mason county; enlisted from Bath and was chosen corporal at the organization of the company, promoted sergeant March 25, 1863, served to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. He removed to Nebraska and engaged in farming in Johnson county. His address is Elk Creek, Johnson county, Nebraska. SERGEANT GEORGE O. CARLOCK was born in Fulton coun- ty, Illinois, November 14, 1839, and was single and a farmer when he enlisted from Bath. Was promoted sergeant and served to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He returned to Mason county at the close of the war; is a farmer and carpenter, and resides at Bath, 111. SERGEANT WILLIAM YOUNG, aged thirty, born in Miami county, Ohio, removed to Illinois, was married and a farmer when he enlisted from Bath. He was promoted sergeant, served to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. Re- sides at Rantoul, Champaign county, Illinois. SERGEANT JAMES H. SEAY, aged thirty, was born in Ten- nessee, and was a married farmer when he enlisted from Bath, 111. He was promoted sergeant; served to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He returned to Illinois and died at Petersburg in Menard county, May 6, 1886. CORPORAL THOMAS J. MOSELY, aged twenty-three, born in Cass county, Illinois, single and a farmer when he enlisted from Bath. He served to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. Is residing in Chicago, 111. CORPORAL JAMES FERRELL, aged thirty-two, born in Erie county, New York, removed to Illinois, was married and a farmer when he enlisted from Bath. He served to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. Upon his return home he resumed farming, and died near Bath, 111., in about 1880. CORPORAL HENRY O. REEDER, aged thirty, born in Ten- nessee, removed to Illinois, and was married and a farmer when he enlisted from Bath. He was discharged for disability, January 15, 1863; returned to Illinois, and died near Mason City April 15, 1877. CORPORAL JOHN O'BRIEN, aged twenty-five, born in Can- ada East, removed to Illinois and was a married farmer when he ROSTER OF COMPANY D. 397 enlisted from Bath. He served to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. Is reported dead. CORPORAL JOSEPH B. CONOVER, the youngest son of Major William H. Conover and Rebecca Hopkins, was born in Mason county, Illinois, September 28, 1844. His parents both died while he was quite young, but his father left a legacy of loyalty to his country. A few days before his death he said to an elder brother, "The fire-eaters of the South will force the North to war over the question of slavery, and I hope in the event of war that my sons will stand by our country and its flag." This Joseph never forgot, and as soon as old enough he enlisted from Bath. He was pro- moted corporal, served with his company until severely wounded in the right arm at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864. He fell into the hands of the enemy, had his right arm amputated, was parolled November 20, 1864, and honorably dis- charged in February, 1865. He returned to Illinois and was elected county treasurer of Mason county in 1869, serving one term of four years. He is a grain dealer and resides at Kilbourne, 111. CORPORAL WILLIAM H. CASTLEBERRY was born in Cen- tralia, Marion county, Illinois, July 18, 1841, and was married and a farmer when he enlisted from Havana. He was promoted cor- poral, served with his company to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. He removed to the Indian Ter- ritory in 1894, and is engaged in farming in the Chickasaw Nation. His postoffice address is Rush Springs, I. T. CORPORAL JAMES GOBON, aged twenty-one, born near Chandlerville, in Cass county, Illinois, and was a farmer when he enlisted from Bath. He was promoted corporal, served with his company to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He is farming near Kilbourne, Mason county, Illinois. CORPORAL JOHN L. PHELPS was born in Virginia, Cass county, Illinois, May 26, 1840, and was a farmer when he enlisted from Bath. He served with his company to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. He removed to Ne- braska in 1870, and is engaged in farming near Cadam in Nuck- olls county. CORPORAL JAMES S. ROCHESTER, aged nineteen, born in Mason county, Illinois, and was a farmer when he enlisted from 398 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. Bath. He was promoted corporal, served with his company to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. CORPORAL WILLIAM P. STITH was born in Adair county, Kentucky, August 13, 1838, and was brought by his parents to Illi- nois in 1839. He was a farmer when he enlisted from Petersburg, served with his company until transferred to the Veteran Reserve corps September 1, 1863, and in this organization he served at Elmira, N. Y., Chicago and Rock Island, 111., until the close of the war. He was honorably discharged at Chicago July 1, 1865. He has been postmaster at Oakford, 111., and at present is keeping a restaurant and confectionary at Peoria, 111. CORPORAL VAN TURNER, aged twenty-two, born in Morgan county, Illinois, and enlisted as a farmer from Bath. He was pro- moted corporal, served with his company to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He became a physician after the war, and is supposed to have died in Indiana. MUSICIAN CHARLES L. HAMILTON, aged twenty, born in Virginia, Cass county, Illinois, and was a clerk when he enlisted from Bath. Was appointed musician at the organization of the company, served to the close of the war, and was honorably dis- charged May 18, 1865. MUSICIAN FRANCIS M. BERRY, aged twenty-four, born in Jacksonville, Morgan county, Illinois, and was a clerk when he enlisted from Bath. He served with his company to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. He is a brick layer and is living in Peoria, 111. WAGONER ANDREW J. ALLEN, aged thirty-four, born in Tennessee, enlisted from Bath, Illinois, and was appointed wag- oner at the organization of the company. He served to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. He removed to Iowa and for a time lived in Council Bluffs, but removed to Grove, Shelby county, where he died May 1, 1895. THOMAS J. AVERY (promoted commissiary sergeant. See field and staff). HENRY BEAL, aged twenty, born in Schuylkill, Schuylkill county, Pennsylvania, removed to Illinois, and enlisted from Bath. He served to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. He returned to Illinois and resumed farming in McLean county, where he died in about 1880. ROSTER OF COMPANY D. 399 CLINTON BLACK, aged twenty-two, married, farmer, born in Illinois, and enlisted from Bath. Served with his company through all the campaigns in which the regiment was engaged until severely wounded in the fight at Buzzard Roost, Georgia, February 25, 1864. He was sent to the hospital, where he was dis- charged for disability November 1, 1864. He is farming near Turon, Reno county, Kansas. NORMAN A. BULLARD, aged thirty-five, born in Yates, Or- leans county, New York, farmer, removed to Illinois, and was single when he enlisted from Bath, in Mason county. He served to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. He returned to Illinois, but later removed to Kansas, where the writer met him some twenty years ago. Pension office reports him dead since March 22, 1899. HENRY W. CASTLEBERRY, aged twenty-four, born in Cass county, Illinois, married, farmer, enlisted from Havana, was dis- charged for disability October 15, 1862. Moved to Texas. JOSEPH CADY, aged twenty-three, born in Washington coun- ty, Pennsylvania, removed to Illinois, single, farmer, enlisted from Bath, and died at Louisville, Ky., January 4, 1863. Is buried at No. 1584 in the national cemetery at Cave Hill near that city. ASERIA CAPPER, aged twenty-three, born in Cass county, Illinois, was single and a farmer when he enlisted from Bath. He served to the close of the war, but was sick in the hospital at Quincy, 111., when the regiment was mustered out. No further record has been found. WILLIAM D. CLOSE was born in Mason county, Illinois, Sep- tember 11, 1845, and enlisted from Bath. Served with his company through all the campaigns in which the regiment was engaged until the battle of Jonesboro, Ga., September 1, 1864, in which he was twice wounded; was honorably discharged May 16, 1865. He returned to Illinois and engaged in farming until 1868, when he removed to Carroll county, Missouri, where he resided until 1880. He then removed to Washington territory, was justice of the peace, deputy sheriff for eight years, and treasurer of Cowlitz county for one term. He removed to Oklahoma in 1893, and en- gaged in farming and stock raising; has been justice of the peace, and was elected county treasurer of Woods county at the general election in 1900. He resides at Forest, Woods county, Oklahoma. 400 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. ROBERT CASSENS was born in Friedburg, Hanover, Ger- many, March 24, 1831, and emigrated to Illinois in 1856; was mar- ried and a blacksmith when he enlisted from Bath, in Mason county. He served with his company until detailed as blacksmith at brigade headquarters in October, 1863, and served in that capac- ity until the close of the war, when he was mustered out with ihs regiment. He removed to Nebraska in 1869 and to Colorado in 1893. He resides at Bolton, Arapahoe county, Colorado. JACOB S. DEW was born in Bath, Mason county, Illinois, No- vember 10, 1841, and was a farmer when he enlisted from his native town. He was slightly wounded at the battle of Jonesboro, Ga., September 1, 1864; served with his company to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. He removed to Nebraska and settled on a farm in Johnson county in 1866; has been a merchant, county clerk, clerk of the district court and has represented his county in the legislature three terms. He resides at Tecumseh, Johnson county, Nebraska. EDWIN M. DURHAM (promoted quartermaster sergeant. See field and staff). NOAH DAVIS was born in Highland county, Ohio, in 1831, and enlisted as a farmer from Bath, Mason county, Illinois. He served with his company until wounded at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864, and when able to travel he was given a furlough, but was killed in a railroad accident at LaFay- ette. Ind., in November, 1864, while on his way home. His re- mains were brought home and interred in Fairview cemetery. WILLIAM DAVIS was born in Highland county, Ohio, Novem- ber 12, 1835, and enlisted as a farmer from Bath, 111. He was wounded at the battle of Perryville, Ky., October 8, 1862, but served to the close of the war and was honorably discharged from Springfield, 111., in June, 1865. He removed to Missouri in 1872 and improved two farms. In 1889 he removed to Kansas and was engaged in farming some five years, and in 1894 he settled on a claim near Medferd, Grant county, Oklahoma, where he now re- sides. He married Mary E. Bales in January, 1860; has a family of seven children, four of whom are married. CADMUS FLORO was born in Ballard county, Kentucky, and was a farmer in Mason county, Illinois, when he enlisted from Bath. He served with his company until killed at the battle of ROSTER OF COMPANY D. 401 Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864. Is buried at No. 7923 in the national cemetery at Marietta, Ga. ALLEN GOBON, aged twenty-four, born in Ohio, married, far- mer, enlisted from Bath, 111.; served to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. Supposed to be living at Durand, Pepin county, Wisconsin. SAMUEL B. GRISSOM, aged twenty-three, born at Columbia, Adair county, Kentucky, removed to Illinois in 1857, enlisted from Bath, 111., single, farmer. Served to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. Is a farmer and resides near Kilbourne, Mason county, Illinois. WILLARD HICKS, aged forty-five, born in New York, was sin- gle and a farmer in Mason county when he enlisted from Bath, 111. He served with his company until captured at the battle of Chick- amauga, Ga., September 19, 1863. Died in Andersonville prison May 15, 1864. Is buried at No. 1102 in the national cemetery at that place. JOHN HAZELRIGG (promoted principal musician. See field and staff). JOHN L. HARBERT, aged twenty-two, born in Green county, Kentucky, married, farmer, enlisted from Bath, 111. He served to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. He returned to Mason county, resumed farming and now resides near Kilbourne, 111. ALBERT J. HAMILTON, aged twenty-one, born in Nicholas county, Kentucky, farmer, enlisted from Bath, 111. Served with his company until failing health sent him to the hospital at Chat- tanooga, Tenn., 'where he died October 11, 1863. Is buried at No. 522 in the national cemetery at Chattanooga. HENRY HOWARTH was born in Blackburn, Lancaster county, England, in 1844, emigrated to Illinois, and enlisted as a farmer from Bath. He served with his company until severely wounded at the battle of Jonesboro, Ga., September 1, 1864, and was honor- ably discharged May 20, 1865. He was accidentally killed by a train in the tunnel at St. Louis, Mo., October 9, 1890. ELIJAH HOUGHTON was born in Cass county, Illinois, in 1842, farmer, enlisted from Havana, 111. He served with his com- pany until failing health sent him to the hospital at or near the 402 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. close of the Atlanta campaign. He died in Atlanta, Ga., October 2, 1864, and his remains are buried at No. 7732 in the national cem- etery at Marietta, Ga. HENRY P. JONES, aged eighteen, farmer, born in Warren, county, Ohio, and enlisted as a farmer from Havana, 111. He served with his company until his health failed at or near the end of the Atlanta campaign, and he died in the hospital at Atlanta, Octo'ber 2, 1864. His remains are buried at No. 7732 in the na- tional cemetery at Marietta, Ga. DANIEL JONES deserted November 8, 1862. DANIEL KICER, aged forty-five, born in Union county, Penn- sylvania, single, farmer, enlisted from Bath, 111. He died at Louis- ville, Ky.. December 4, 1862, and his remains are buried at No. 1217 in Cave Hill national cemetery near that city. WILLIAM KELLEY was born in Ripley, Brown county, Illi- nois, in 1840, and was a farmer when he enlisted from Ripley. He served to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regi- ment. Resides at Eagletown, Hamilton county, Indiana. ARMSTEAD KIRK was born in Anderson county, Tennessee, in 1844, removed to Illinois and enlisted from Bath. He served to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. He died at Saidora, Mason county, Illinois, in about 1870. JAMES A. LARANCE was born in Jacksonville, Morgan coun- ty, Illinois, in 1838; was married and a farmer when he enlisted from Bath; served through the Kentucky campaign, and was discharged for disability June 3, 1863. Is reported dead. ISAAC LAYMAN was born in Union county, Ohio, August 13, 1840, removed with parents to Illinois in 1845, and enlisted from Bath. He served with his company until wounded in the assault on Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864, and was honorably discharged from Springfield, 111., July 18, 1865. He resides at Dewey, Champaign county, Illinois, where he settled in 1869. JOSEPH LARANCE, aged twenty-six, was born in Morgan county, Illinois, was single and a farmer when he enlisted from Bath. He served until captured at the battle of Peach Tree creek, July 19, 1864, and was absent (sick in the hospital at Kingston, N. C.) at the muster out of the regiment. He was honorably dis- charged (date unknown), and is reported dead. ROSTER OF COMPANY D. 40S GRANVILLE MADISON was born in Burksville, Cumberland county, Kentucky, July 16, 1836, removed to Illinois in 1854, and enlisted as a farmer from Bath. Served to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. He removed to Ne- braska in 1871, and engaged in farming in Gage county. Now re- sides at Blue Springs, Neb. MILTON M. McDONALD, aged twenty-two, born in McDon- ough county, Illinois, single, farmer; enlisted from Macomb. He served to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regi- ment. Is supposed to be living at Macomb, 111. HENRY MEADS deserted October 6, 1862. HUGH MORGAN was born in Liverpool, England, in 1844, and enlisted as a farmer from Havana, 111. He served with his com- pany until severely wounded at the battle of Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864; was sent to the hospital at Chattanooga, Tenn., where he died July 2, 1864. Is buried at No. 11847 in the national cemetery on Orchard Knob. JAMES S. MYERS was born in Guernsey county, Ohio, Febru- ary 26, 1839, removed to Illinois in 1857, married and a farmer when he enlisted from Bath; served with his company to the close of the "war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He removed to Kansas in 1869; is farming and resides at Pittsburg, Crawford county. JOHN J. MURPHY was born in Ireland in 1817, emigrated to Illinois; was married and a farmer when he enlisted from Bath. He served with his company until severely wounded in the assault on Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864. He died of wounds, proba'bly at Chattanooga, Tenn., July 7, 1864. WILLIAM H. MORGAN was born in Port Madoc, North Wales, December 4, 1840, removed to Illinois in 1859, and enlisted as a farmer from Havana. He served with his company to the close of the war; was slightly wounded in the assault on Kennesaw Moun- tain, Georgia, and was mustered out with the regiment. He re- moved to Texas in 1869, and engaged in farming. Is now a mer- chant and resides at Sweet Home, Lavaca county, Texas. HAROLD MATTISON deserted November 28, 1862. ROBERT NEIDER was born in Germany in 1840, emigrated to Illinois, and enlisted as a farmer from Bath. He served with his 404 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. company until wounded and captured at the battle of Chicka- mauga, Ga., September 19, 1863. Was reported absent (sick) at muster out of the regiment, but he probably died in some of the rebel prisons. PATRICK O'ROURK was born in Ireland in 1841; enlisted as a farmer from Bath, 111. Served to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. Last known address, Deming. Grant county, New Mexico. OLIVER W. PARKS, aged nineteen, born in Pike county, Illi- nois, farmer; enlisted from Bath. Served with his company until wounded in the assault on Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864. He was discharged on account of wounds, April 4, 1865. Two years after his return home irritation, caused by a piece of his blouse which had been carried into the wound, caused it to break out anew, causing his death within a short time. JOHN PLASTERS, aged twenty-four, born in Cass county, Illi- nois, married, farmer, enlisted from Bath; served to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. Died Novem- ber 4, 1899. JOHN W. PRICE, aged eighteen, born in Pike county, Illinois, farmer, enlisted from Bath. Died at Louisville, Ky., December 11, 1862. Is buried in the national cemetery at Cave Hill, near that city. NEWTON C. PATTERSON was born in Bellville, Belmont county, Ohio, February 11, 1843, and with his parents removed to Illinois in 1857. He enlisted as a farmer from Bath; served with his company until April, 1864, when he was detailed to drive the brigade ambulance, which duty he performed until May, 1865. He was wounded in the battle of Jonesljoro, Ga., September 1, 1864, but continued on duty to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. Upon his return resumed farming; has been school director, and resides at Mason City, 111. DAVID B. PHELPS, aged twenty-eight, born in Princeton, Bureau county, Illinois, married, farmer; enlisted from Bath. Served through the Kentucky campaign, and was discharged for disability May 23, 1863. Is a real estate dealer and resides in St. Louis. Mo. ROSTER OF COMPANY D. 405 WILLIAM H. RANSOM, aged twenty-one, "born in Lynnville, Morgan county, Illinois, farmer; enlisted from Bath. Served through the Kentucky campaign, and died January 4, 1863. NATHANIEL S. ROCHESTER, aged twenty-three, born in Greene county, Illinois, farmer, enlisted from Bath; served with his company until severely wounded in left arm in the assault on Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864, and was discharged on account of wounds, June 2, 1865. ALANSON ROBBINS, aged twenty-eight, born in Wyandot county, Ohio, farmer, enlisted from Bath; served to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. He returned to Illinois and located at Lincoln, where he died February 8, 1897. WILLIAM RHEINDERS was born near Ovid, Cayuga county, New York, February 13, 1839, removed to Illinois in 1857, single and a millwright and mechanical engineer when he enlisted from Mason county. He was wounded in the assault on Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864, but served to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. After the war he removed to Texas, where he continued his occupation until com- pelled to retire from active business by failing eyesight. His ad- dress is Texarkana, Texas. ELIAS REEDER, aged twenty-five, born in Chicago, 111., mar- ried and a farmer when he enlisted from Bath. He served through the Kentucky campaign and was discharged for disability, March 5, 1863. He resides at Teheran, Mason county, Illinois. ROLLIE RAY, aged thirty, born in Mason county, Illinois, married, farmer; enlisted from Bath. Served through the Ken- tucky campaign, was discharged for disability February 4, 1863, and died in Indiana on his way home. ISAAC STILTS, aged nineteen, born in Pike county, Illinois, farmer; enlisted from Bath. Served through the Kentucky cam- paign, and died May 11, 1863. Is buried at No. 266 in the national cemetery at Nashville, Tenn. JOHN SIZELOVE was born in Franklin county, Indiana, March 18, 1845, removed to Illinois in 1856 with his parents and enlisted as a farmer from Bath. He served with his company until captured at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864, and was held in rebel prisons until the close of the war, 406 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. when he was honorably discharged from Springfield, 111., July 22, 1865. He removed to Washington Territory in 1881, and engaged in farming in Stevens county; was appointed postmaster at Calis- pell in 1890 and again in May, 1900. His address is Calispell, Stevens county, Washington. JOHN SCHOLES was born in Chandlerville, Cass county, Illi- nois, January 9, 1844, farmer, enlisted from Bath. At the battle of Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, he received a gun shot wound through the left shoulder; recovered, returned to duty, served to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. He settled on a farm in Christian county in 1870, and now resides near Mt. Auburn, 111. JACOB SMITH, aged twenty-one, farmer, born in Lawrence county, Indiana, enlisted from Chandlerville, 111. On the roll he is marked absent (sick) at the muster out of the regiment, but in fact he was discharged for disability December 2, 1864. FRANCES M. SMITH was born in Hillsborough, Highland county, Ohio, September 13, 1831, removed with his parents to Illi- nois in 1852; served to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. Is a laborer and resides in Bloomington, 111. MERTON STELEY, aged twenty-one, farmer, born in Horace, Pa., enlisted from Bath, 111., died at Harrodsburg, Ky., December , 1862. Is buried at No. 367 in the national cemetery at Camp Nelson, Ky. MARTIN L. TREADWAY, aged eighteen, born in Cass county, Illinois, clerk, enlisted from Bath; served through the Kentucky campaign, and died February 6, 1863. Is buried at No. 6461 in the national cemetery at Nashville, Tenn. MARTIN TROY, aged twenty-two, born in Ireland, emigrated to Illinois, laborer; enlisted from Bath. Died at Mound City, 111., October 2, 1864. Is buried at No. 3405, national cemetery, near that city. CHARLES W. TOLEY, aged twenty-one, born in Mason coun- ty, Illinois, farmer, enlisted from Bath; served through the Ken- tucky campaign and was discharged for disability February 4, 1863. Is reported dead. WILLIAM THOMPSON deserted August 28, 1862. ROSTER OF COMPANY D. 407 GEORGE VENLANINGHEM deserted December 23, 1862. JAMES H. WELCH, aged nineteen, born in Coshocton county, Ohio, farmer, enlisted from Bath, 111.; served with his company until killed at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1884. Is buried at No. 1917 in the national cemetery at Marietta, Georgia. IRA WELCH, aged eighteen, born in Coshocton county, Ohio, farmer, enlisted from Bath, 111. Served through the Kentucky campaign and died at Nashville, Tenn., December 29, 1862. CHRISTOPHER WHEELER deserted September, 1863. JAMES WALLACE, aged forty-five, born in Muskingum coun- ty, Ohio, married, farmer, enlisted from Bath, 111. Served to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. Died near Easton, 111. JACOB YARDLEY, born at Crane Creek, Mason county, Illi- nois, August 6, 1835, single, farmer; enlisted from Havana. Served to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. Is a farmer near Mason City, 111. GREEN P. BATTERTON, recruit; no record of when enlisted, but was mustered out with the regiment. GEORGE W. PULLING, recruit, deserted February 14, 1863. 408 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. CHAPTER XXXI. Company E was the Menard county company and was enrolled by Pleasant S. Scott, of Petersburg, under date of July 17, 1862. In this county w r ere many people who had emigrated from Virginia, Kentucky and Ten- nessee. These people were hardy, patriotic and brave, and most of them were strongly opposed to slavery. And these pioneers and their sons were prompt to re- spond to the call of the President for additional troops. At the organization of the company the following commissioned officers were elected : Pleasant S. Scott, captain ; Joseph M. Plunkett, first lieutenant, and Abra- ham Clary, second lieutenant. At the organization of the regiment this company became the color company. The record shows that the company had 3 killed in battle, 5 died of wounds, 2 were accidentally killed, 12 died of disease, 18 were discharged for disability, 13 were wounded who lived to be discharged from the service. Of the 81 officers and men who formed the original com- pany but 21 went home together at the close of the war. Not so strong in numbers as some of the others, never- theless this company made a record of which all its mem- bers should be proud. THE COMPANY ROSTER. CAPTAIN PLEASANT S. SCOTT was born in Washington county, Virginia, July 29, 1822, removed to Illinois in June, 1857, anl settled at Petersburg, in Menard county. At the breaking out of the War of the Rebellion he was carrying the United States mail, and began recruiting a company on July 17, 1862. At the organization of the company he was elected captain, served to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. At ROSTER OF COMPANY E. 409 North Chickamauga, in the fall of 1863, he was captured and sent to Libby prison at Richmond, Va., from which he escaped after some four months' confinement. After much suffering and many narrow escapes from recapture, he reached the Union lines, and rejoined bis company in the spring of 1864. He was wounded at the assault on Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, but soon recovered and resumed command of his company. He was promoted to be major of the regiment May 19, 1865, but the regiment was below the number which would permit his muster, and he was mustered out as captain. He returned to his old home in Illinois, and for the last fifteen years he has held the office of justice of the peace, and is holding that office at the present time. His address is Petersburg, Menard county, Illinois. FIRST LIEUTENANT JOSEPH M. PLUNKETT, aged forty- five, born in Concord, Cabarrus county, North Carolina, and en- listed from Petersburg, 111., where he was at the time city mar- shal. He was elected first lieutenant at the organization of the company; served through the Kentucky campaign, and resigned December 21, 1862. He returned to Petersburg, where he died in about 1870. FIRST LIEUTENANT HUGH A. TRENT, aged thirty-one, born in Petersburg, Menard county, Illinois. He was chosen ser- geant at the organization of the company; served through the Kentucky campaign, was promoted first lieutenant December 21, 1862, and served with his company until severely wounded at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864. When he re- covered so as to be able to travel he secured a leave of absence and returned home. He was dismissed from the service on May 2, 1865, for absence without leave, and, as the writer is informed, died from the effects of his wounds soon after the close of the war. SECOND LIEUTENANT ABRAHAM L. CLARY was born in Petersburg, Menard county, Illinois, April 20, 1839, and was a farmer when he enlisted from his native town. He was elected second lieutenant at the organization of the company; served through the Kentucky campaign, and resigned at Nashville, Tenn., January 20, 1863. He returned to his former home; was a clerk in a dry goods store for some sixteen years, and is at present cor- oner of Menard county. His address is Petersburg, 111. SECOND LIEUTENANT CLARK N. ANDRUS (promoted adju- tant. See field and staff). 410 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. SECOND LIEUTENANT ANDREW F. J. SHACKEY, aged thirty-five, born in Holmesville, Pike county, Mississippi, married, farmer, enlisted from Mason City, 111. He was chosen sergeant at the organization of the company, was promoted to be second lieutenant February 23, 1863, and served with his company until October 27, 1863, when he resigned for disability. Is reported to have died at Petersburg, 111., in about 1896. FIRST SERGEANT JACOB FAITH was born in Princeton, Indiana, July 8, 1834, removed to Illinois, and was a bricklayer when he enlisted from Petersburg. He was chosen first sergeant at the organization of the company; served through the Kentucky and Murfreesboro campaigns, and was discharged for disability at Nashville, Tenn., in 1863. Returning to Petersburg he resumed his trade, but later removed to Iowa, and located at Lenox, in Taylor county, where he died November 5, 1891. FIRST SERGEANT A. J. TAYLOR, aged thirty, born in Springfield, 111., was single and a clerk when he enlisted from Petersburg. He was promoted first sergeant, and served with his company until severely wounded in the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864. He was removed to Vining's Sta- tion, where he died of his wounds, July 24, 1864. FIRST SERGEANT CHARLES BOCHERT, aged thirty-four, born in Mecklenburg, Germany, emigrated to Illinois, was single and a farmer when he enlisted from Petersburg. He was pro- moted sergeant, then first sergeant, and commissioned first lieu- tenant, but the company was below the number required to per- mit his muster with that rank. He served to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment as first sergeant. He returned to Petersburg, 111., where' he died November 17, 1893. SERGEANT A. P. ARMSTRONG deserted October 7, 1862. SERGEANT LEANDER VEILEIT, aged twenty-eight, born in Delaware, Delaware county, Ohio, removed to Illinois, married, farmer, enlisted from Petersburg. He served through the Ken- tucky campaign, and died at Nashville, Tenn., February 26, 1863. Is buried at No. 3S3 in the national cemetery near that city. SERGEANT WILLIAM F. CLARY was born at Petersburg, Menard county, Illinois, March 25, 1828, was married and a farmer when he enlisted from his native town. He was chosen corporal at the organization of the company, promoted sergeant, and served ROSTER OF COMPANY E. 411 with his company until captured at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864. He was held in rebel prisons to the close of the war, and was honorably discharged at Springfield, 111., June 17, 1865. He returned to his former home and engaged in farming for several years, but removed to Kansas in 1899. He now resides at Empire City, Cherokee county, Kansas. SERGEANT WILLIAM LEONARD, aged twenty-three, born at Staunton, Augusta county, Virginia, removed to Illinois, was single and a farmer when he enlisted from Petersburg. He was promoted sergeant, served to the close of the war and was mus- tered out with the regiment. He died some time after his return to Petersburg, 111. SERGEANT ENOS BYERS was born in Vinton county, Ohio, in 1844, removed to Illinois, and enlisted from Rushville, Schuyler county, January 19, 1864. He was promoted sergeant; served to the close of the war and was transferred to Company B, Sixteenth Illinois. He was mustered out with that regiment July 8, 1865. SERGEANT WILLIAM F. HOHAMER, aged thirty-three, born in Petersburg, Menard county, Illinois, married, farmer, enlisted as a private from his native town; was promoted sergeant, and carried the colors until severely wounded at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864. A gun shot through the hips rendered him perfectly helpless, and he fell into the hands of the enemy and died in prison, but the date of his death is unknown. CORPORAL JAMES POTTER, aged twenty-three, born in Menard county, Illinois, was single and a farmer when he enlisted from Petersburg. He was discharged for disability, but the record does not reveal the date or place. He died March 24, 1897. CORPORAL EZEKIEL SAMPLE, aged thirty-one, born in Marion, Crittenden county, Kentucky, was married and a farmer when he enlisted from Petersburg, 111. He was chosen corporal at the organization of the company; was wounded at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864, but served until the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. He returned to his home at Petersburg, where he died February 9, 1898. CORPORAL JAMES N. SHEETS, aged forty-two, born in Lex- ington, Fayette county, Kentucky, removed to Illinois, was mar- ried and a mechanic when he enlisted from Petersburg. He was chosen corporal at the organization of the company; was severely 412 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. wounded at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, fell into the hands of the enemy July 19, 1864, and died a few days later in Atlanta, Ga. CORPORAL BOWLING GREEN, aged twenty-seven, born in Petersburg, Menard county, Illinois, was single and a farmer when he enlisted from his native town; was chosen corporal at the or- ganization of his company, served with his company until severely wounded at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864, and died in the hospital at Kingston Ga., August 17, 1864. Is bur- ied at No. 477 in the national cemetery at Marietta, Ga. CORPORAL JOHN GRIFFIN, aged forty-one, born in Shaker, Logan county, Kentucky; married, farmer; enlisted from Peters- burg, 111.: was chosen corporal at the organization of the com- pany and was discharged for disability, but the date of his dis- charge does not appear upon the record. He returned to Peters- burg, where he died May 23, 1897. CORPORAL JOHN BARTHOLOMEW was reduced to the ranks and deserted December 28, 1862. CORPORAL JAMES S. LYNN was born in Chandlerville, Cass county, Illinois, September 6, 1839, was married and a farmer when he enlisted from Petersburg, was chosen corporal at the organization of the company and was severely wounded at the battle of Perryville, Ky., October 8, 1862. He was discharged for disability on account of wounds December 27, 1862, returned to Illinois, and resumed farming near Mason City, where he now resides. CORPORAL GEORGE TAYLOR, aged nineteen, born in Phila- delphia, Pa., removed to Illinois and enlisted as a farmer from Petersburg. He was promoted to corporal; served until the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. CORPORAL WILLIAM H. YOUNG was born in Louisville, Ky., September 25, 1824, removed with his parents to Illinois in 1832, and was out in the Mormon war. He was married and a farmer when he enlisted from Petersburg; was promoted to corporal; served with his company until the close of the war, and was mus- tered out with the regiment. He returned to Illinois, and engaged in farming near Petersburg, where he now resides. MUSICIAN WILLIAM McNEELY, aged eighteen, born at Petersburg, Menard county, Illinois, and enlisted from his native ROSTER OF COMPANY E. 413 town; was appointed musician and discharged for disability, but the date of discharge nowhere appears upon the record. Is re- ported dead. MUSICIAN SAMUEL HAVENS, aged nineteen, born at Wav- erly, Pike county, Ohio, enlisted from Petersburg, 111., as musi- cian; served through the Kentucky campaign, and died at Nash- ville, Tenn., January 22, 1863. Is buried at No. 6617 in the national cemetery near that city. WAGONER WALTER RANDALL, aged thirty-nine, born in Lexington, Ky., married and was an engineer when he enlisted from Petersburg, 111.; was appointed wagoner. Served until the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. WILLIAM F. ALLEN, aged twenty-seven, born in Nashville, Tenn., removed to Illinois, and was a married farmer when he en- listed from Petersburg. He was wounded at the battle of Perry- ville, Ky., and discharged for disability on account of wounds, but date of discharge is unknown. He resides at Petersburg, 111. DAVID ARMSTRONG, aged twenty-one, born in Petersburg, Menard county, Illinois, and was a farmer when he enlisted from his native town. He was sent to the hospital at Bowling Green, Ky., where he died December 5, 1862. Is buried at No. 10931 in the national cemetery at Nashville, Tenn. DOLING ARMSTRONG, aged thirty-eight, married, farmer, was born in Petersburg, Menard county, Illinois, and enlisted from his native town. He served through the Kentucky campaign, and at Nashville, Tenn., was transferred to the Veteran Reserve corps. The pension office reports him dead, without date. WILLIAM ATTERBERRY, aged thirty-six. No further record. HORACE ARMSTRONG, aged twenty-three. No record after muster in. JOHN H. ARNOLD was born in Philadelphia, Pa., was single and a farmer when he enlisted from Peoria, 111. He served with his company until wounded at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Ga., July 19, 1864, and was discharged on account of wounds January 25, 1865. He returned to Illinois, and died at Springfield in Octo- ber, 1890. JOHN BARNETT, aged twenty-two, born in Marion, Critten- den county, Kentucky; married farmer when he enlisted from 414 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. Petersburg, 111. He served with his company until his health failed, and died at McAffee Church, Ga., April 20, 1864. Is buried at No. 11141 in the national cemetery at Chattanooga, Tenn. CLAYBURN BARNETT, aged eighteen, born at Marion, Crit- tenden county, Kentucky, was a farmer and enlisted from Peters- burg, 111. Served with his company until the close of the war; returned to Illinois, resumed farming, and died at Petersburg, January 3, 1890. JOHN BECK, aged twenty-eight; deserted December 28, 1862. PICKETT CLARY, aged ; deserted December 28, 1862. MARTIN S. CLARY, aged twenty-one, born at Petersburg, Menard county, Illinois, farmer; enlisted from his native town. Served until the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. Is said to reside at Anthony, Harper county, Kansas. THOMAS S. CLARY deserted December 28, 1862. ROYAL A. CLARY, aged , born in Sparta, White county, Tennessee, married, farmer; enlisted from Petersburg, 111., was wounded at the battle of Perryville, Ky., October 8, 1862, and was discharged for disability, but no date appears on the record. Died at Petersburg, 111., in about 1896. WILLIAM W. CARTER enlisted from Petersburg, 111. Served with his company until the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. Is said to reside at Petersburg, 111. WILLIAM G. CARTER was born near Petersburg, Menard county, Illinois, April 24, 1836, and enlisted from his native town. He served with his company until the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He returned to Illinois and re- sumed farming when mustered out, and now resides at Peters- burg, 111. JOHN COX, aged twenty-three, born at Greensburg, Green county, Kentucky, single, farmer, enlisted from Petersburg, 111.; died, but the record fails to reveal the date of his death. GEORGE COLE, aged twenty-nine, born in Stevensburg, Cul- peper county, Virginia, single, farmer; enlisted from Petersburg, 111., was discharged for disability, but the record does not reveal the date. ROSTER OF COMPANY E. 415 EDWIN CHAMBERS deserted; no date given. DENNIS DENVER Record furnishes nothing beyond the muster-in. MICHAEL EKIS, aged eighteen, farmer, born in Barbour coun- ty, Virginia, enlisted from Petersburg, 111.; died at Bowling Green, Ky., November 7, 1862. Is buried at No. 542 in the national ceme- tery at Nashville, Tenn. WESLEY FROST, aged twenty-six, married farmer, born in Hillsboro. Montgomery county, Illinois; enlisted from Petersburg. He died, but neither place nor date appears upon the record. Is buried at No. 313 in the national cemetery at Nashville, Tenn. JAMES FERGUSON was born in Clinton, Henry county, Mis- souri, May 11, 1843, removed with his parents to Illinois in 1845, was farmer when he enlisted from Petersburg as a recruit March 10, 1864. He served with his company until the regiment was mustered out, when he was transferred to Company B, Sixteenth Illinois infantry. He was mustered out with that regiment July 8, 1865. He returned to Menard county and is engaged in farming near Petersburg, 111. RICHARD GRIFFIN, aged twenty-one, born in Petersburg, Menard county, Illinois, enlisted from his native town. Served with his company until severely wounded in the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864. He was removed to the hos- pital at Chattanooga, Tenn., where he died September 17, 1864. Is buried at No. 2083, in the national cemetery on Orchard Knob, near Chattanooga, Tenn. JAMES HINESLEY, deserted October 7, 1862. STEPHEN HANKINS, aged twenty-one, born in Madison, Jef- ferson county, Indiana, farmer, enlisted from Petersburg, 111. Served with his company until the close of the war, and was mus- tered out with the regiment. Is supposed to be living in Jackson- ville, 111. WILLIAM JONES, aged twenty-four, born in Petersburg, Men- ard county, Illinois, farmer, enlisted from his native town. Served through the Kentucky campaign, and was transferred to the Vet- eran Reserve corps, at Nashville, Tenn., September 7, 1863. His subsequent career is unknown to the writer. 416 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. WILLIAM J. JONES appears to have enlisted from Petersburg, and to have been mustered in and discharged, but no date is given of his discharge. WILLIAM LEITSON, aged twenty-three, bom in Rodenberg, Germany, single, brickmason; enlisted from Greenview, Menard county, Illinois. Served until the close of the war and was mus- tered out with the regiment. He resides at Petersburg, 111. GEORGE MYERS, aged twenty-five. Nothing relating to this soldier can be found of record, except that he enlisted and was mustered in. JOHN C. MILLER, aged twenty-one, farmer, born in Menard county, Illinois, and enlisted from Petersburg. He served with his company until killed in the assault on Kennesaw Mountain, Geor- gia, June 27, 1864. Is buried at No. 9314 in the national cemetery at Marietta, Ga. RICHARD McGUIRE was born in the city of Dublin, Ireland, in March, 1820, was a sailor in early life, emigrated to Illinois in 1844 and settled in Springfield, where he resided at enlistment. He was slightly wounded at the battle of Rome, Ga., but served until the close of the war and was mustered out with the regi- ment. He returned to Springfield, 111., where he now resides. WILLIAM A. MENCE, aged 21, born in Boonville, Warwick county, Indiana, farmer; enlisted from Petersburg, 111. Died Oc- tober 23, 1862, probably at Harrodsburgh, Ky., as he is buried at No. 307 in the national cemetery at Danville, Ky. WILLIAM E. MATHEWS appears to have enlisted at Louis- ville, Ky., and was discharged for disability, October 7, 1864. That is all the record discloses in his case. ISAAC MARLIN, native of Tennessee, enlisted at Nashville, August 5, 1863. Served until the close of the war, and when the regiment was mustered out he was transferred to Company B, Six- teenth Illinois Infantry. He was mustered out with that regiment July 8, 1865, and when last heard from resided at Murfreesboro, Tenn. THOMAS OSTERMAN, aged twenty-three, born in Germany, farmer, enlisted from Petersburg, 111. Record says died, but does not say when or where. ROSTER OF COMPANY E. 417 THOMAS OWENS, aged twenty-one, born in Springfield, San- gamon county, Illinois, farmer; enlisted from Petersburg and served with his company until killed in the assault on the enemy at Jonesboro, Ga., September 1, 1864. WILLIAM S. POTTER, aged twenty-one, born in Bloomington, McLean county, Illinois, farmer; enlisted from Petersburg. Served through the Kentucky campaign and was accidentally killed by a falling tree at White's bend on the Cumberland river, November 19, 1862. (See Chapter V.) JOHN O. PAIN, aged thirty-three, born in Washington, Orange county, Vermont, farmer; enlisted from Petersburg, 111. Served through the Kentucky campaign, and was transferred to the Vet- eran Reserve corps at Nashville, Tenn. No date given. JAMES PEARSON, aged sixteen, born in Menard county, Illi- nois; enlisted from Petersburg. Record says discharged, without giving time or place. ANDREW ROBINSON, aged eighteen, born in Rushville, Schuyler county, Illinois; enlisted from Petersburg. Served with his company until severely wounded in the assault on Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864. He was discharged for disabil- ity arising from his wounds, February 26, 1865. He is reported to be in the Soldiers' Home at Quincy, 111. JOHN L. ROBINSON enlisted as a recruit from Petersburg, January 19, 1864, and the record says discharged, but neither time nor place is given. Is said to be in the Soldiers' Home at Quincy, Illinois. WILLIAM RAY, aged twenty-two, married, farmer, born in Chandlerville, Cass county, Illinois; enlisted from Petersburg. Served through the Kentucky campaign, and was accidentally killed by a falling tree at White's bend on the Cumberland river, November 19, 1862. (See Chapter V.) CHRISTOPHER SHUTT, aged twenty-two, farmer, born in Germany; enlisted from Petersburg, 111. Died at Louisville, Ky., October 7, 1863, and is buried at No. 2062 in the national cemetery at Cave Hill, Ky. JAMES T. SEAY was born in Campbellville, Taylor county, Kentucky, March 29, 1842, and removed with his parents to Illinois 418 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. in 1855. He was a farmer when he enlisted from Petersburg. Served with his company until the close of the war, and was mus- tered out with the regiment. He was postmaster at Loyd, Men- ard county, and while residing in Fulton county served as consta- ble and school director. He has been elected adjutant of the Regi- mental Association for eight successive years; is a carpenter, and resides in Havana, 111. HENRY SUTTON, aged twenty-one, born in Petersburg, Men- ard county, Illinois, farmer; enlisted from his native town. Served until discharged for disability at Louisville, Ky., December 1, 1863. He resides in Havana, 111. FRANK F. SCOTT, aged twenty-one, born in Brooklyn, N. Y., farmer; enlisted from Petersburg, 111.; was wounded at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864, but served with his company to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He returned to Petersburg, where he died in . L. SPROUSE deserted. No date given. JOHN W. SHROEDER, aged twenty-eight, born in London, England, single, farmer; enlisted from Petersburg, 111. Beyond this the record contains but the one word "Discharged." EPHRAIM STOUT, aged twenty-four, married, farmer, born in Farmington, Saint Francois county, Missouri; enlisted from Petersburg, 111. Record says, "Died," but no date or place is men- tioned. JAMES T. SENTER, aged twenty-one, born in Springfield, Illi- nois, farmer, enlisted from Petersburg, and served with his com- pany until severely wounded at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864. He was discharged for disability resulting from wounds, November 23, 1864, and returned to Petersburg, 111., where he now resides. MORRIS SEAMAN deserted. LEONIDAS TRAYLOR, aged twenty-five, single, farmer, born in Menard county, Illinois; enlisted from Petersburg. Served with his company to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. Resides at Ransom, Ness county, Kansas. JAMES E. THOMAS, aged forty-four, born in Bowling Green, Warren county, Kentucky, married, farmer; enlisted from Peters- ROSTER OF COMPANY E. 419 burg, 111. Was slightly wounded at the assault on Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, and received wounds from which he died in the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864. GEORGE WATTERMAN, aged twenty-three, born in Freder- ick, Frederick county, Maryland, married, farmer; enlisted from Petersburg, 111. Served with his company until killed in the as- sault on Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864. His remains are buried at No. 9248 in the national cemetery at Marietta, Ga. GEORGE M. WEBSTER deserted, but time and place not men- tioned. EDWARD WELSH appears to have enlisted, and to have been mustered in. But there the record stops. 420 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. CHAPTER XXXII. Company F was enrolled by John Kennedy at Pekin, Tazewell county, between June I5th and 2ist, 1862, in anticipation of a call for additional troops. This was almost a month earlier than the enrollment of any other company in the Eighty-fifth. Unfortunately the enlist- ment roll of this company does not always definitely fix the birth-place of the men. At the organization of the company the following commissioned officers were elected : John Kennedy, captain ; Robert A. Bowman, first lieutenant, and Richard W. Tenney, second lieuten- ant. During the three years' service 25 of the company were struck by bullets or shell in battle, 9 of whom were killed, 7 died of wounds and 9 recovered, 4 were acci- dentally killed, 10 died of disease, 23 were discharged, 4 were transferred and at the final muster out there were but 30 present. The company was always bravely commanded, and never failed to do its full duty toward the preservation of the nation's integrity. The following is THE COMPANY ROSTER. CAPTAIN JOHN KENNEDY was born in Tipperary, County Limerick, Ireland, emigrated to Illinois, and was a boatman on the Illinois river, residing at Pekin, in Tazewell county, when he re- cruited the company. None questioned his ability to command, and at the organization of the company he was elected captain. As an officer he was brave and enterprising, and led his company with more than usual skill. He was slightly wounded in the as- sault on Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, but refused to leave his command. A few days later, at the battle of Peach Tree creek, ROSTER OF COMPANY F. 421 Georgia, July 19, 1864, he was instantly killed by a shot which passed through his head. And so he died, with his face to the foe, defending the flag of his adopted country, beloved and regretted by his associates of whatever rank. His remains are buried at No. 8332, in the hallowed ground of the national cemetery at Mari- etta, Ga. FIRST LIEUTENANT ROBERT A. BOWMAN, aged forty-two, born in Genesee county, New York, was married and a boatman when he enlisted from Pekin, 111. He was elected first lieutenant at the organization of the company and served with the command until during the siege of Chattanooga, when he resigned under date of October 17, 1863, and went home. FIRST LIEUTENANT ANDREW J. MASON, aged thirty- seven, married, farmer; enlisted from Pekin, was chosen sergeant at the organization of the company, and was promoted first lieu- tenant October 17, 1863. He was commissioned captain May 27, 1865, but the company was then too small to allow his muster. He commanded the company from the death of Captain Kennedy until the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. SECOND LIEUTENANT RICHARD W. TENNEY, aged twenty-one, single, clerk; enlisted from Pekin, was elected second lieutenant at the organization of the company. Served with his company until January 13, 1863, when he resigned and returned to Pekin, 111., where he now resides. SECOND LIEUTENANT EDWIN D. LAMPITT, aged twenty- one, single; enlisted from Pekin, was chosen first sergeant at the organization of the company, and promoted to be second lieuten- ant January 13, 1863. He resigned October 10, 1863, during the siege of Chattanooga, Tenn. FIRST SERGEANT WILLIAM KELLEY, aged thirty-four, single, boatman; enlisted from Pekin, was chosen sergeant at the organization of the company, promoted first sergeant, served with his company until the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. SERGEANT FRANCIS M. McCOLGAN enlisted from Pekin, single, farmer, was chosen sergeant at the organization of the company and was commissioned first lieutenant, but the company was below the minimum and he was never mustered. He was cap- 422 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. tured, shot and left for dead by his inhuman captors at Louisville, Ga., November 30, 1864, but recovered, served to the close of the war and was honorably discharged. He resides at East Las Vegas, New Mexico. SERGEANT WILLIAM JOHNSON, aged twenty-six, single, farmer; enlisted from Pekin, was chosen sergeant at the organi- zation of the company, served to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment as a private. SERGEANT WILLIAM BELONG, aged twenty-four, single, farmer, enlisted from Spring Bay, was chosen corporal at the or- ganization of the company, promoted sergeant, served until the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. SERGEANT JOHN O'BRIEN was born in Peoria, 111., in 1845, and was a farmer when he enlisted from Princeville, in Stark county. He was chosen corporal at the organization of the com- pany, promoted sergeant, served with his company until the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He re- moved to Colorado in 1872 and engaged in the livery business in Boulder. He served as county assessor, constable and as a mem- ber of the city council. He died January 13, 1892, leaving a widow who resides at No. 1479 Pine street, Boulder, Colo. SERGEANT WILLIAM EARP, aged thirty-four, single, farmer, enlisted from Pekin, was promoted sergeant, served with his com- pany until captured at Louisville, Ga., November 30, 1864, and shot down in cold blood by his inhuman captors. He died during the night. SERGEANT HENRY AMSLER was born in Spring Bay, Wood- ford county, Illinois, December 5, 1838, was single and a farmer when he enlisted from his native town. He was promoted ser- geant November 30, 1864, served with his company until the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. He returned to his former home and resumed farming, but in 1881 he removed to Pontiac, Livingston county, Illinois, where he now resides. SERGEANT DAVID HAMILTON, son of Jonathan Hamilton and Harriet Ro, was born in Piqua county, Ohio, October 14, 1838, and with his parents removed to Iowa and settled on a farm in Louisa county in 1842. David and his brother, Reuben, were work- ing at Brimfield, Peoria county, Illinois, when they enlisted. David ROSTER OF COMPANY F. 423 was promoted to be sergeant, and served with his company until killed in the battle of Jonesboro, Ga., September 1, 1864. CORPORAL EDWARD SCATTERGOOD, aged nineteen, en- listed from Pekin and was chosen corporal at the organization of the company, was color corporal and was carrying the battle flag when severely wounded at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864; fell into, the hands of the enemy and died in prison at Blackshear, Ga., about December 1, 1864. He was erroneously marked mustered out with the regiment, and so appears in the adjutant general's report. CORPORAL NATHAN KELLOGG, aged eighteen, farmer; en- listed from Pekin, was chosen corporal at the organization of the company and served until severely wounded at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864. He fell into the hands of the enemy and died at Griffin, Ga. His remains are buried at No. 4249 in the national cemetery at Marietta, Ga. He, too, was erron- eously reported as mustered out with the regiment. CORPORAL DAVID STRADFORD, aged thirty-five, single, farmer; enlisted from Spring Bay, was chosen corporal at the or- ganization of the company. Served until the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. Is reported dead by the pen- sion office. CORPORAL GEORGE DEFORD, aged eighteen, farmer; en- listed from Princeville, in Stark county, was chosen corporal at the organization of the company and served until drowned in the Ten- nessee river, October 19, 1863. (See Chapter XI.) CORPORAL R. S. SCRIVENS, aged twenty-six, married, farm- er; enlisted from Spring Bay, in Woodford county, was chosen corporal at the organization of the company and was discharged for disability, December 4, 1862. CORPORAL PHILIP BECK, aged nineteen, farmer; enlisted from Pekin, was chosen corporal at the organization of the com- pany and served until killed at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864. CORPORAL LEVI CLIFTON was born in Vermillion county, Indiana, March 8, 1845, and with his parents removed to Illinois in 1849. He enlisted from Spring Bay, in Woodford county, was pro- moted corporal and was slightly wounded at the battle of Mission Ridge. Served to the close of the war and was mustered out with 424 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. the regiment. He removed to Nebraska in 1878 and settled in Knox county, where he served two terms as county commissioner. He is now farming near Franklin, Franklin county, Nebraska. CORPORAL WILLIAM DEAN was born in Mercer, Mercer county, Pennsylvania, in April, 1844, and removed with his parents to Illinois in 1858. He was promoted to be corporal, was slightly wounded in the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864, and was mustered out with the regiment. He returned to Illinois and engaged in farming, and resides at M'anito, Mason county. CORPORAL JOHN HODGE was born in Spring Bay, Woodford county, Illinois, January 2, 1844; enlisted from his native town, was promoted corporal, served to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. After final discharge he returned to his former home, where he has been engaged in farming to the present time. He is at present alderman of Spring Bay, 111. CORPORAL GEORGE PILLSBURY, aged twenty-four, single, merchant; enlisted from Pekin, and was born in Tazewell county. He was promoted corporal, served to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. He is an inmate of the Soldiers' Home at Quincy, 111. CORPORAL B. F. VARNUM, aged eighteen, farmer; enlisted from Pekin, was promoted corporal and was wounded in right hand at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864, but continued to serve with his company to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. DRUMMER ABRAHAM BURT enlisted from Spring Bay, Taze- well county, Illinois, and was made drummer. Served through the Kentucky campaign, and was discharged for disability at Nash- ville, Tenn., January 15, 1863. When last heard from he was re- siding in Peoria, 111. WAGONER JOHN WOLF, aged thirty-three, single, mechanic; enlisted from Pekin as wagoner and served in that capacity until his health failed. He was discharged at Jefferson barracks, Mis- souri, March 6, 1864, for disability. WILLIAM BIRD, aged nineteen, miner; enlisted from Pekin. Served until the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. Is said to be living at Scales Mound, Jo Davies county, Illinois. ROSTER OF COMPANY F. 425 JAMES F. BURT was born in Ripley, Brown county, Ohio, De- cember 3, 1845, and was a farmer residing at Spring Bay, Wood- ford county, Illinois, when he enlisted. He was wounded in the assault on Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864, but recov- ered and served to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. Is a farmer and resides since 1889 at Litchfleld, Montgomery county, Illinois. DAVID BOYER, aged twenty-two, single, farmer; enlisted from Pekin, served through the Kentucky campaign and was discharged for disability January 19, 1863. Is said to reside near Delavan, Tazewell county, Illinois. JOHN BAGGS, aged nineteen, farmer; enlisted from Spring Bay, Woodford county, Illinois. Served until the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. He is supposed to be living at Sparland, Marshall county, Illinois. D. A. BRANDON, aged thirty-five, single, farmer; enlisted from Spring Bay, Woodford county, Illinois, and served with his com- pany until killed in the assault on Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864. Is buried at No. 8759 in the national cemetery at Marietta, Ga. P. D. CLEVELAND, aged thirty-five, single, farmer; enlisted from Pekin. Served through the Kentucky campaign, but his health failed and he died February 4, 1863. DAVID CRAIG, aged forty-one, single, boatman; enlisted from Pekin. Served until the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. His death is reported by the pension office under date of July 20, 1894. JAMES CAREY, aged thirty-eight, single; enlisted from Pekin. Served with his company until severely wounded at Buzzard Roost, Georgia, February 25, 1864, was sent to the hospital at Nashville, Tenn., where he died March 11, 1864. Is buried at No. 1490 in the national cemetery near that city. JAMES J. CHEAL, aged ; enlisted from Pekin. Served with his company through the Kentucky campaign, and w"as trans- ferred to the invalid corps at Nashville, Tenn., September 7, 1863, JOHN J. CLARK, aged twenty-five, farmer; enlisted from Pekin. Served with his company until captured at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864; was held in various 26 426 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. rebel prisons until the close of the war and was honorably dis- charged at Springfield, 111., June 17, 1865. JAMES COMBS, aged twenty-one, single, farmer; enlisted from Pekin. Served until the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. Is an inmate of the Soldier's Home at Quincy, Illinois. ROBERT DRIVER, aged thirty, married, farmer; enlisted from Spring Bay, and died at Louisville, Ky., September 29, 1862. JOHN DUBOIS, aged nineteen; enlisted from Spring Bay. Served through the Kentucky campaign and was transferred to the invalid corps at Nashville, Tenn., September 7, 1863. WILLIAM DEFORD, aged twenty-one, farmer; enlisted from Spring Bay. Served through the Kentucky campaign, and died at Nashville, Tenn., April 18, 1863. LEANDER DEVALL deserted October 20, 1862. JAMES FRANK, aged twenty-one, farmer; enlisted from Pekin. No record after muster-in. JOSEPH FORNER, aged thirty, single, boatman; enlisted from Pekin. Served with his company until killed at Buzzard Roost, Georgia, February 25, 1864. He was born in France. NICHOLAS FULTZ, born in Germany. Deserted October 11, 1862. PHILIP GABRIEL, aged eighteen, farmer; enlisted from Spring Bay. Served with his company until the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. ANDREW GABRIEL, aged twenty-one, single, farmer; enlisted from Spring Bay. Served through the Kentucky campaign, and was discharged at Nashville, Tenn., for disability, January 20, 1863. HUGH GEHAGAN, aged twenty-nine, single, farmer; enlisted from Spring Bay; served with his company until the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. He fell overboard just below Cincinnati and was drowned in the Ohio river. (See Chapter XXV.) ROBERT GRIG or GREGG, aged thirty-six, married, farmer; enlisted from Spring Bay. Served through the Kentucky cam- ROSTER OF COMPANY F. 427 paign and was discharged for disability at Nashville, Tenn., March 31, 1863. Reported dead by the pension office. JAMES HANKS, aged twenty-five, single, farmer; enlisted from Pekin. Served through the Kentucky campaign, and was killed by guerrillas near Nashville, Tenn., February 9, 1863. HASARD HODGE, aged eighteen, farmer; enlisted from Spring Bay. Served through the Kentucky campaign, and was discharged at Nashville, Tenn., for disability, January 17, 1863. GEORGE HODGE, aged eighteen, farmer; enlisted from Spring Bay. Served through the Kentucky campaign, and died at Nash- ville, Tenn., June 17, 1863. Is buried at No. 3546 in the national cemetery near that city. ALEXANDER HODGE, aged eighteen, farmer; enlisted from Spring Bay and served with his company until killed in the assault on Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864. REUBEN HAMILTON was born in Piqua county, Ohio, April 11, 1834, and removed with his parents, Jonathan Hamilton and Harriet Ro, to Iowa in 1842 and settled on a farm in Louisa county. He enlisted from Brimfield in Peoria county, Illinois, and served with his company to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. He was wounded in the right leg and left thigh at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, but returned to duty in time for the battle of Jonesboro, Ga., where his brother, Sergeant David Hamilton, was killed. He is a blacksmith, but unable to work at his trade, and for several years has been an in- mate of the Soldiers' Home at Quincy, 111. HENRY HENFLING, aged twenty, farmer; enlisted from Spring Bay. His health failed early in the Kentucky campaign, and he died at Harrodsburg, Ky., October 24, 1862. F. S. HENFLING, aged twenty- two, married, farmer; enlisted from Spring Bay. Served in the Kentucky campaign until acci- dentally wounded near Crab Orchard. How the accident occurred none ever knew. A gun was discharged, Henfling was shot through the leg and sent to the hospital at Danville, where he died Novem- ber 1, 1862. Is buried at No. 80 in the national cemetery at Dan- ville, Ky. AMERICUS HINSEY, aged twenty-two, single, farmer; enlisted from Groveland. Served with his company until severely 428 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. wounded in the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864. His left leg was broken by a gun shot and amputated and he was discharged for wounds from the hospital at Chicago, 111., soon after the close of the war. When last heard from he was an inmate of the Soldiers' Home at Dayton, Ohio. LEVI HORTON appears to have enlisted June 21 and to have been mustered in August 27, 1862, and there the record ends in his case. EDWARD JONES deserted December 13, 1862. MAURICE LANDERER, aged thirty, single, farmer, born in Germany and enlisted from Peoria. Served with his company until killed at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864. CLINTON LOGAN, aged twenty-eight, single, farmer; enlisted from Spring Bay, and served with his company until accidentally killed by a guard at Atlanta, Ga., September 9, 1864. His remains are buried at No. 1162 in the national cemetery at Marietta, Ga. JAMES McCABE, aged twenty-nine, single, boatman; enlisted from Pekin. Served with his company until the close of the war, and was discharged with the regiment. He was a native of Ire- land, and is reported to have died December 19, 1888. PHILLIP McCABE was born in Ireland October 31, 1845, emi- grated to Illinois with his parents in May, 1857, and was a farmer when he enlisted from Pekin. He served with his company until the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He is an optician and resides at Delavan, Tazewell county, Illinois. JOHN MALONEY, aged twenty-one, single, farmer; enlisted from Pekin. Served through the Kentucky campaign, and died at Nashville, Tenn., January 9, 1863. Is buried at No. 5957 in the national cemetery near that city. JOHN McQUIN, aged twenty-six, single, farmer; enlisted from Pekin. Served until the close of the war and was honorably dis- charged May 17, 1865. BARNHART NOBLACK, aged twenty, farmer; enlisted from Spring Bay and served with his company until severely wounded in the assault on Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864. He was removed to the hospital at Nashville, Tenn., where he died ROSTER OF COMPANY F. 429 September 9, 1864. Is buried at No. 14175 in the national cemetery near that city. FRED W. NEWMAN, aged twenty-five, single, shoemaker, born in Germany; enlisted from Spring Bay, 111., and was discharged for disability, November 21, 1862. He is reported to have died April 2, 1896. JOSEPH ORANGE, aged twenty-three, single, farmer, born ,in Germany and enlisted from Spring Bay, 111. He served with his company until his health failed and died at McAffee Church, Ga., March 28, 1864. Is buried at No. 11140 in the national cemetery at Chattanooga, Tenn. OUR MIKE, aged thirty-eight, single, farmer, born in Ger- many; enlisted from Spring Bay, 111. Served through the Ken- tucky campaign, and died at Nashville, Tenn., February 8, 1863. His remains are buried at No. 6557 in the national cemetery at Nashville, Tenn. WILLIAM PHILLIPS, aged twenty-seven, single, farmer; en- listed from Spring Bay. Served with his company until the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. He was re- ported living at Newport, Jackson county, Arkansas, but a letter directed to that address was returned unclaimed. ISAAC PHILLIPS, aged twenty-nine, married, farmer; enlisted from Spring Bay and was discharged for disability January 30, 1863. THOMAS PHILLIPS, aged twenty-nine, married, farmer; en- listed from Spring Bay. Served with his company until the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. H. B. PARKS, aged thirty, single, farmer; enlisted from Spring Bay and was discharged for disability, January 16, 1863. WILLIAM QUINLIN, aged twenty-nine, single, farmer; en- listed from Peoria. Served in the Kentucky campaign until the command reached Bowling Green, when he was sent to the hos- pital. He was discharged for disability from that place, May 21, 1863. After the close of the war he returned to Ireland, the land of his birth, and died there October 1, 1894. MATTHEW RILEY, aged forty, single, farmer; enlisted from Pekin, and served with his company until killed in the assault on 430 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864. He was born In Ire- land; was of fine appearance, and made a splendid soldier. MARTIN RYAN, aged twenty-five, married, farmer; enlisted from Pekin. He deserted September 8, 1862. MICHAEL RHOADES, aged twenty-eight, married, farmer; en- listed from Pekin. Served with his company until drowned in the Tennessee river, October 19, 1863. (See Chapter XI.) His re- mains were recovered and are buried at No. 11830, in the national cemetery at Chattanooga, Tenn. WILLIAM SPILLMAN was born in Switzerland, May 14, 1836, emigrated to Illinois, and was a farmer in Woodford county when he enlisted from Spring Bay. He served with his company through all the campaigns in which the regiment was engaged, and was mustered out with the regiment. He returned to his former home at Spring Bay and resumed farming. Has been president of the school board for nine years, and also served as tax collector. His address is Spring Bay, Woodford county, Illinois. HENRY STALDER, aged twenty, farmer, born in Germany, and enlisted from Spring Bay, 111. He died in Louisville, Ky., October 12, 1862. JOHN THOMPSON, aged forty-one, married, farmer, born in England, and enlisted from Pekin, 111. He was discharged for dis- ability at Louisville, Ky., March 7, 1863. JOEL F. TERRY, aged eighteen, farmer; enlisted from Spring Bay. Served with his company until captured at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia. He was held in various rebel prisons until the close of the war, and was honorably discharged June 17, 1865. Is supposed to be living at Oronoque, Norton county, Kansas. ANTOINE TONEY, aged forty, single, farmer; enlisted from Spring Bay, and after muster-in, the record is silent concerning him. BENJAMIN TANGARD, aged twenty-four, married, farmer; enlisted from Groveland. Served with his company until the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. Is supposed to be living at Western, Saline county, Nebraska. MATTHEW L. WRIGLEY was born in Saybrook, Middlesex county, Connecticut, August 9, 1842; removed to Illinois, and was ROSTER OF COMPANY F. 431 a farmer when he enlisted from Pekin, 111. He served with his company until captured in the battle of Chickamauga, Ga., Septem- ber 20, 1863; was held in various rebel prisons until the close of the war, and was honorably discharged July 22, 1865. He returned to Illinois, but removed to Missouri in 1867, and to Oklahoma at the opening. He has been postmaster at Alvaretta, and is at pres- ent a merchant of that place. His address is Alvaretta, Woods county, Oklahoma. FITZHUGH WESTNOUR, aged twenty-one, farmer; enlisted from Peoria, and served with his company until April 1, 1865, when he was transferred to the invalid corps. He was honorably dis- charged from that organization, at Washington, D. C., June 28, 1865. EDWARD WARNER, aged eighteen, farmer; enlisted from Spring Bay. Served with his company until near the close of the war, but was sick in the hospital at Chicago, 111., when the regi- ment was mustered out. He was honorably discharged a few days later. W. WARNER, aged thirty- three; appears on the roll, but no further record has been found. WILLIAM WHITNEY, aged twenty-four; enlisted June 16, and was mustered in August 27, 1862, but beyond these facts no record can be found. ALEXANDER WOODCOCK, aged thirty-three, married, farm- er; enlisted from Spring Bay, and died at New Albany, Ind., Octo- ber 11, 1862. Is buried at No. 1096, in the national cemetery near that city. G. H. WILSON, aged twenty-nine; enlisted June 21, and was mustered in with the regiment, and here the record stops. JACOB WHITTAKER, aged eighteen, farmer; enlisted from Pekin, 111. Served with his company until wounded at Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864. He recovered so as to return to duty and was mustered out with the regiment. He removed to California and settled at Clear Creek, Butte county, where he died several years since, from the effects of his wound. His remains are buried in the cemetery at Clear Creek, Cal. JOHN BASS, recruit supposed to have belonged to the com- pany, but the record is silent beyond the statement that he en- listed from Pekin. 432 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. PHILLIP BRICKEL, recruit that seems to have belonged to the company, and who was transferred by order of the secretary of war, May 18, 1865, to Company C, Sixteenth Illinois infantry, and mustered out with that regiment July 8, 1865. He is supposed to be living at Alexandria, Thayer county, Nebraska. WILLIAM EHART, deserted on the day he was mustered into the service. JAMES ROSS, recruit; no date of enlistment or muster. Killed by guerrillas near Nashville, Tenn., February 8, 1863. JOHN TURNER, died at Louisville, Ky., October 12, 1862. SKETCH OF COMPANY G. 433 CHAPTER XXXIIJ. So many of the young men from the south part of Fulton county had entered the army in 1861 that few were so sanguine as to expect that more than one com- pany could be raised in and around Astoria when recruit- ing began in the summer of 1862. But by the middle of August enough had enlisted to form two full companies. Company G was enrolled by the Hon. S. P. Cum- mings between the nth and i6th of August, the nucleus of the company being the overflow from Company H, it having been the first organized. At the organization of the company the following commissioned officers were elected: William McClelland, captain; Lafayette Cur- less, first lieutenant, and John M. Robertson, second lieutenant. The record shows that 20 of the officers and men be- longing to this company were hit with shot or shell in battle, 8 of whom were killed, i died of wounds, while 1 1 received wounds which did not prove fatal while in the service, 9 died of disease, 1 1 were discharged for disabil- ity, 1 6 were transferred and 36 went home together when the regiment was disbanded. The company was commanded by officers who were brave and enterprising, and, for genuine loyalty and de- votion to duty, Company G was the peer of any organi- zation in the service. While the writer feels that his heart is big enough to take in the whole of the Eighty- fifth, there will always be a warm corner reserved for the "boys of Company G." The following is 434 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. THE COMPANY ROSTER. CAPTAIN WILLIAM McCLELLAND, aged thirty-eight, born in Jefferson county. Ohio, but for many years had been residing on a farm near Astoria, 111. He was active in recruiting the com- pany, and at its organization was elected captain. He commanded the company through the Kentucky campaign, and at the battle of Perryville, Ky., his actions proved that he was not lacking in courage. But the hardships of the campaign which ended at Nashville, Tenn., undermined his health, and he resigned his com- mission on December 21, 1862. He returned to his farm near As- toria, 111., where he died November 24, 1889, his death resulting from injuries received from falling down stairs. CAPTAIN HENRY S. LA TOURRETTE was born in Somerset county, New Jersey, January 24, 1824; removed with his parents to Ohio in 1831, and to Illinois in 1841, and settled on a farm near Canton, in Fulton county. He crossed the plains to Denver, Col., in 1859, and later made a trip to California. In 1860, he estab- lished a cattle ranch near Fort Union, N. M., which was becoming profitable at the breaking out of the rebellion. He then sold his claim and stock, taking notes for the proceeds of sale, which were never paid, and returned to Illinois for the purpose of entering the army. He enlisted from Astoria as a private, and was pro- moted to be captain December 21, 1862. He commanded the com- pany until severely wounded in the assault on Kennesaw Moun- tain, Georgia, June 27, 1864. This wound made necessary the am- putation of his right arm near the shoulder, and ended his career with the company. He was honorably discharged July 1, 1865, and went to New Orleans, La., where he was keeper of bonded stores for ten years. He was in the internal revenue service at St. Louis, Mo., for six years, but is now residing at Winchester, Scott county, Illinois. FIRST LIEUTENANT LAFAYETTE CURLESS was born in Brown County, Ohio, and enlisted from Bluff City, Schuyler county, Illinois, at the age of twenty-six. He was married, and a farmer, was elected first lieutenant at the organization of the com- pany, participated in the battle of Perryville, Ky., and served with the company until the army arrived at Bowling Green, Ky., where he resigned his commission and returned home. He was mur- dered in Bluff City, 111.. May 7, 1886. FIRST LIEUTENANT JOHN M. ROBERTSON was born in r>. L, MUSSKLMAN, QUINCV. II. I.., 18OO. ROSTER OF COMPANY G. 435 Woodland, Fulton county, Illinois, in 1839, was married, and enlist- ed from his native township. He was elected second lieutenant at the organization of the company, and promoted to be first lienten- ant November 12, 1862. He participated in all the campaigns and battles in which the regiment was engaged, until severely wounded by a gunshot through the thigh, in the assault on Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864. This ended his service with the company, as upon recovery he was assigned to duty in the com- missary department, where he remained until the close of the war. He was mustered out June 5, 1865, and returned to his former home in Illinois. His health began to fail a few years later, and he made a trip over the old battlefields, going as far south as Florida, in 1880. But his search for health availed not, and he died near Astoria, 111., February 20, 1881. SECOND LIEUTENANT DE LAFAYETTE MUSSELMAN, son of George Musselman and Sarah A. Saffer, was born in a log cabin, in Fulton county, 111., April 21, 1842. He can justly claim to come from patriotic stock, as his father enlisted in Company E, Twenty-seventh Illinois Volunteer Infantry at the breaking out of the rebellion, and served his full term of three years. The sub- ject of this sketch attended the Fulton Seminary at Lewistown, 111., during the winters of 1859 and 1860, enlisted from Woodland, and was chosen first sergeant at the organization of the com- pany. He was promoted second lieutenant November 12, 1862, and served under that commission to the end of the war. He was slightly wounded in the assault on Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864, but remained on duty, assumed command of the company, and continued in command until after the fall of Atlanta, when he received a twenty days' furlough to visit home. He left the company at Athens, Ala., and on the day he arrived at Chattanooga on his return, communications between that point and Sherman's army were destroyed. He was then assigned to duty as assistant adjutant general on the staff of Colonel Dilworth, who was assigned to command the post at Cleveland, Tenn. He served in that position until the following spring, when he rejoined the company at Goldsboro, N. C., and resumed command. He participated in all the battles in which the regiment was en- gaged, commanded the company from Goldsboro to Washington, and was mustered out with the regiment. He returned to Illinois at the close of his service, attended business college at Chicago, and taught one year in that city. In 436 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. 1867, he went to Quincy, 111., where he taught in the Bryant & Stratton Business College and the Quincy English and German College. In 1870, he purchased an interest in the Gem City Busi- ness College of Quincy, and a few years later became the sole owner. Under his careful, energetic management, this has be- come one of the most successful business colleges in America, numbering 800 to 900 students annually, thirty-four states and ter- ritories being represented among its students. FIRST SERGEANT LEWIS S. POST, aged thirty-eight, born in Elizabethtown, Essex county, New York, single, millwright; enlisted from Hickory, 111. Was chosen sergeant at the organiza- tion of the company. Served throifgh the Kentucky and Murfrees- boro campaigns, but his health failed and he was transferred to the Veteran Reserve corps, at Nashville, Tenn., August 27, 1863. He was honorably discharged from that organization at the close of the war. When last heard from was residing at 235 Oneida street, Pueblo, Col. FIRST SERGEANT HENRY J. ATEN was born October 12, 1841, on a farm near Astoria, Fulton county, Illinois, on which his parents, Richard Aten and Ann Peterson, of Brook county, Vir- ginia, had settled in the spring of 1840. His paternal and maternal ancestors were from Holland; both his great grandfathers served the colonies in the War of the Revolution, and his maternal grand- father was a soldier in the war of 1812. He first enlisted August 8, 1861, in Company H, Twenty-eight Illinois Infantry, and served until discharged at Grand Junction, Miss., June 19, 1862, for dis- ability resulting from an attack of typhoid pneumonia. He again enlisted August 12, 1862, and was chosen corporal at the organiza- tion of Company G, was promoted sergeant at Bowling Green, Ky., December 12, 1862, and first sergeant February 17, 1863, at Nashville, Tenn. He participated in all the battles and campaigns in which the command was engaged; commanded the com- pany from Atlanta to the sea, and was mustered out with the regiment. Returning to Illinois at the end of his service, he worked on the old homestead until the autumn of 1866, attended business college at Chicago, and began teaching bookkeeping in the business college at Quincy, 111., the following spring. He taught and kept books until the spring of 1870, when he went to Kansas and engaged in the real estate and loan business at Hia- watha, in Brown county. He married Miss Maria L. Burbige, of Quincy, 111., September 15, 1870, and has two daughters the issue ROSTER OF COMPANY G. 437 of this marriage. Has served as clerk of the district court, mayor of Hiawatha, and was appointed by President Harrison to nego- tiate with the Pottawatomie and Kickapoo Indians for the allot- ments of their lands in severalty. Later he was appointed special agent and allotted lands to the members of both tribes. For ten years past he has been vice-president of the Society of the Army of the Cumberland for Kansas. Is the writer of the history in which this sketch appears, and resides at Hiawatha, Kan. SERGEANT W. IRVING SHANNON was born in Coshocton county, Ohio, in 1842, and removed with his parents to Illinois in 1850, where they settled on a farm near Astoria, in Fulton county. He first enlisted October 12, 1861, in Company G, Fifty-fifth Illi- nois Infantry, and was severely wounded at the battle of Shiloh, Tenn., and was discharged for disability resulting from wounds, June 10, 1862. He again enlisted August 12, 1862, and was chosen sergeant at the organization of Company G; served with the com- pany until mortally wounded in the assault on Kennesaw Moun- tain, Georgia, June 27, 1864, and died before assistance could reach him. The remains of this brave veteran soldier are buried at No. 8739 in the national cemetery at Marietta, Ga. SERGEANT THOMAS HORTON was born in Coshocton coun- ty, Ohio, June 27, 1827, removed to Illinois in 1845, and settled on a farm near Bluff City, Schuyler county, Illinois. He enlisted from Bluff City, was chosen corporal at the organization of the company; was promoted to be sergeant; served until the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. At the close of his service he resumed farming, and died at Bluff City, 111., March 19, 1869. SERGEANT LEWIS P. WRIGHT was born in Harrison county, Indiana, March 28, 1844, removed with his parents to Illinois in 1856, and was a farmer when he enlisted from Kerton, in Fulton county. He participated in all the battles and campaigns in which the regiment was engaged, was slightly wounded in the assault on Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864, was promoted ser- geant, and was mustered out with the regiment. At the end of the war he returned to Illinois, resumed farming and now resides at Enion, Fulton county. SERGEANT DANIEL, G. LONGFELLOW, aged twenty-three, born in Aroostook county, Maine, was married and a farmer when he enlisted from Hickory, Fulton county, Illinois. He was pro- 438 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. moted sergeant; served with his company through all the cam- paigns in which the regiment was engaged, until killed in the assault on Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864. SERGEANT WILLIAM SMITH enlisted from Fulton county, Illinois, as a private, was married, and a farmer. Served through all the campaigns in which the regiment was engaged, was pro- moted sergeant, and mustered out with the regiment. He returned to Illinois, and resumed farming, but, if living, his present address is unknown. SERGEANT WILLIAM R. ROE, aged thirty-five, born in Ken- tucky, was married, and a farmer when he enlisted from Wood- land, 111. He was chosen corporal at the organization of the com- pany, promoted sergeant at Nashville, Tenn., served until the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. At the end of his service he returned to Illinois, and died at Bluff City, June 16, 1885. SERGEANT LORENZO D. GOULD was born in Brown county, Ohio, and enlisted from Woodland, Fulton county, Illinois, at the age of thirty-seven, married, farmer, and was chosen sergeant at the organization of the company. He was a very faithful soldier, and served with his company until the close of the Atlanta cam- paign, when failing health sent him to the hospital. He died at Atlanta, Ga., November 1, 1864, and his remains are buried at No. 7739 in the national cemetery at Marietta, Ga. CORPORAL WILLIAM P. BRYANT, deserted at Nashville, Tenn., January 10, 1863. CORPORAL JOHN F. KENNEDY, aged thirty-four, born in Indiana, was married, and a farmer when he enlisted from Ful- ton county, Illinois. He was chosen corporal at the organization of the company; served with the company until his health failed, and he was transferred to the Veteran Reserve corps, September 21, 1864. He was honorably discharged from that organization at Springfield, 111., September 11, 1865. He resides at Astoria, 111. CORPORAL ELIAS WHEELER, aged thirty-nine, born in Brook county, Virginia, was married, and a farmer when he en- listed from Astoria, 111. He was chosen corporal at the organiza- tion of the company, but his health soon failed, and he was dis- charged for disability August 31, 1863. He returned to Illinois, and died April 15, 1889. ROSTER OF COMPANY G. 439 CORPORAL PERRY ADKINSON, deserted January 10, 1863. CORPORAL JACKSON SMITH, deserted February 1, 1863. CORPORAL JOSEPH CURLESS, aged twenty-seven, born in Brown county, Ohio, married, farmer; enlisted from Woodland, Fulton county, Illinois. He was promoted corporal, served with his company until the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. CORPORAL PERRY W. CLUPPER was born in Unity, Colum- biana county, Ohio, March 11, 1842, and removed with his parents to Illinois in 1857. He was a farmer, and enlisted from Schuyler county, Illinois. Was promoted corporal; served with the com- pany until wounded near Louisville, Ga., November 30, 1864. He was captured, shot through the neck, and left for dead by the enemy, but recovered, and was mustered out with the regiment. He removed to Kansas a few years after the war and engaged in farming near Salem, Jewell county, where he still resides. CORPORAL PETER W. REVER, aged twenty-eight, was a car- penter, born in Manheim, York county, Pennsylvania, and enlisted from Woodland, in Fulton county, Illinois. He was promoted cor- poral, and served with his company until the assault on Kenne- saw Mountain, Georgia, when he was undoubtedly killed or cap- tured and died in the hands of the enemy. It seems proba'ble that he leaped the enemy's works, and in so doing received wounds from which he died. Others saw him almost up to the works, but the only report that could ever be made in his case, was that most unsatisfactory one, "Missing in action June 27, 1864." CORPORAL DANIEL SANDIDGE was born in McDonough county, Illinois, January 27, 1840, was married, and a farmer when he enlisted from Oakland, in Schuyler county. He participated in all the battles and campaigns in which the regiment was engaged, and was mustered out with the regiment. He was promoted cor- poral and mustered out as such. Upon his return to Illinois, he engaged in farming, and for many years has resided near Mt. Ster- ling, in Brown county. CORPORAL JOHN SHORES, aged twenty-seven, was born in Coshocton county, Ohio, married, and a farmer, when he enlisted from Woodland, Fulton county, Illinois. He was promoted cor- poral, and served with his company until killed in the assault on 440 HISTORY OF THE 8STH ILLINOIS. Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864. Is buried at No. 928R in the national cemetery at Marietta, Ga. CORPORAL ALEXANDER R. TIDRICK was born in Birming- ham, Guernsey county, Ohio, March 12, 1839, and enlisted as a farmer from McDonough county, Illinois. He was promoted cor- poral; served with his company in all the battles in which the reg- iment was engaged, was promoted corporal, and was mustered out with the regiment. He was slightly wounded in the assault on Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864. He is a carpenter and builder, and resides at Astoria, 111. MUSICIAN SAMUEL SIMMERS, deserted October 5, 1862. MUSICIAN RALPH E. LINE, deserted November 8, 1862. WAGONER GEORGE COOPER was born at Millersburg, Holmes county, Ohio, November 22, 1839, removed with his parents to Illinois, and settled on a farm near Astoria, in 1846. He en- listed as a farmer from Astoria and was appointed wagoner, serv- ing in that capacity until the close of the war. He was wounded in a fight at or near Lavergne, Tenn., and was mustered out with the regiment. Upon his return to Illinois, he resumed farming near Summum, in Fulton county, where he still resides. MILES L. ATWATER was born in Sheffield, Ashtabula county, Ohio, married, cooper, and enlisted from Woodland, Fulton county, Illinois. He served until the close of the war, but under much embarrassment at times. He was what was commonly termed moon-eyed, a disease of the retina which prevented him from see- ing at night, and the writer remembers that his brother, John Aten, led him on night" marches. But he served faithfully to the end and was mustered out with the regiment. After the war he lived near Hamilton, in Hancock county, Illinois, but became totally blind. He died April 20, 1898. WILLIAM ATWATER, aged twenty, farmer, born in Fulton county, Illinois, and enlisted from Woodland. Served through the Kentucky campaign until the command arrived at Bowling Green, where he was sent to the hospital, and was discharged for disability March 1, 1863. Is supposed to reside at Oakwood, Linn county, Kansas. JOHN ATEN, the second son of Richard Aten and Ann Peter- son, and brother of Henry J., was born near Astoria, Fulton ROSTER OF COMPANY G. 441 county, Illinois, August 13, 1843, and enlisted from his native town. His paternal and maternal ancestors were from Holland. Both his great grandfathers served the colonies in the War of the Revo- lution, and his maternal grandfather was a soldier in the War of 1812. He was wounded early in the battle of Perryville, Ky., October S, 1862, but refused to leave the company until the fight ended, and then went to the hospital under protest, saying, "It is only a scratch!" At the hospital in Louisville, while convales- cing, he showed such aptitude for caring for the sick and wounded, that he was retained some six months as nurse. At his own request he was returned to the company early in the summer of 1863, and thereafter never missed duty for a single day until the close of the war, when he was mustered out with the regiment. After his return, he engaged in farming in McDonough county sev- eral years, returned to Fulton county, and bought the farm near Astoria, 111., on which he now resides. PERRY BROWN was born in Pleasantview, Schuyler county, Illinois, August 2, 1838, and enlisted from Hickory. He was mar- ried, and a farmer. Served until the close of the war, participat- ing in all the campaigns in which the command was engaged, and was mustered out with the regiment. Is a farmer, and resides at Frederick, Schuyler county, Illinois. THOMAS BROWN, aged twenty-three, married, farmer, born and enlisted from Schuyler county, Illinois. Served until the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. Was mounted as a scout during part of his service, and was in the party that captured the prisoners at Chickamauga, as related in Chapter X. He returned to Illinois, resumed farming, but has been dead sev- eral years. SIMPSON BROWN, aged twenty-six, born and raised in Schuy- ler county, Illinois, and enlisted from Browning; farmer. Served through the Kentucky campaign, but at Nashville, Tenn., his health failed, and he was discharged for disability August 31, 1863. He resumed farming upon his return home, but died at Butlerville, 111., a few years after the close of the war. AARON F. BREWER, aged nineteen, born at Taylor, Harrison county, Indiana, and enlisted from Woodland, Fulton county, Illi- nois. He served with his company until failing health sent him to the hospital at McAffee church, Georgia, where he died January 27 442 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. 22, 1864. Is buried at No. 10397 in the national cemetery at Chat- tanooga, Tenn. WILLIAM BOYD, aged fifty, born in Franklin county, Pennsyl- vania, was married, and enlisted from Astoria, 111. The reports show that he died at Lexington, Ky., February 12, 1865, but it seems more probable to the writer that his death occurred in 1863. JOHN E. BOLIN, aged nineteen, carpenter, born in Fayette county, Pennsylvania, and enlisted from Astoria, 111. He served through the Kentucky campaign, and died at Nashville, Tenn., December 15, 1862. STEPHEN L. CASTOR, aged thirty-three, married, farmer, born in Campbell county, Kentucky, and enlisted from Kerton, in Fulton county, Illinois. He participated in all the battles and campaigns in which his company was engaged, and was mustered out with the regiment. He returned to farming at his old home, but afterward removed to Missouri, where he is supposed to be liv- ing, but his address is unknown. LORENZO D. CURLESS, aged twenty-four, single, farmer, born in Brown county, Ohio, and enlisted from Woodland, in Fulton county, Illinois. He served to the close of the war, participating in all the campaigns in which the command was engaged, and was mustered out with the regiment. He resides near Astoria, 111. ALEXANDER CUNNINGHAM, aged twenty-three, single, farmer, born in Hancock county, Virginia, and enlisted from Browning, 111. He served to the close of the war, taking part in all campaigns in which the command was engaged, and was mus- tered out with the regiment. He returned to Browning, 111., mar- ried, and removed to Missouri, where he engaged in farming. He died at Warsaw, Mo., December 24, 1899. JOHN W. DODGE, aged twenty-three, farmer, born in Schuy- ler county, Illinois, and enlisted from Astoria. He served to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He returned to Illinois, but his present address is unknown. SILAS DODGE, aged twenty-two, single, farmer, born in and enlisted from Fulton county, Illinois. He served with his com- pany until severely wounded in the assault on Kennesaw Moun- tain, Georgia, June 27, 1864, his wound causing the amputation of his right arm. He was transferred to the hospital at Chattanooga, Tenn., where he died July 9, 1864. .T. ATIO*. OF THF UNIVEHS! T Y of ILLINOIS ROSTER OF COMPANY G. 443 JOHN W. DOUGLAS was born at Leesville, Lawrence county, Indiana, December 23, 1841, removed to Illinois and enlisted from Woodland, in Fulton county. He served with the company through all the battles in which the regiment was engaged, until near Atlanta, Ga., when failing health caused his transfer to the Veteran Reserve corps. He served in the reserve corps until the close of the war, and was honorably discharged in the summer of 1865. He returned to Illinois and was engaged in farming until 1880, when he removed to Nebraska. He is a prosperous farmer near Tecumseh, Johnson county, Nebraska. BENJAMIN F. EDMONDS, deserted October 8, 1862. MICHAEL FAWCETT, aged twenty-three, married, farmer, born in Knox county, Ohio, and enlisted from Leesburg, 111. Served through the Kentucky campaign, and died at Nashville, Tenn., April 5, 1863. Is buried at No. 7003, in the national cemetery near that city. LEVI FAWCETT, aged thirty-five, single, farmer, born in Bel- mont county, Ohio, and enlisted from Woodland, 111. Served through the Kentucky campaign, and was discharged for disability at Nashville, Tenn., June 1, 1863. SOLOMON HOLT was born at Rochester, Coshocton county, Ohio, January 19, 1839, removed to Illinois in 1860, and enlisted from Kerton, in Fulton county. He served to the close of the war, participating in all the battles and campaigns in which the com- mand was engaged, and was mustered out with the regiment. He removed to Missouri soon after the war closed, and engaged in farming in Andrew county. He located near Savannah, where he still resides. DANIEL HAYES, aged thirty-one, married, farmer, born in Richland county, Ohio, and enlisted from Hickory, Schuyler county, Illinois. His health failed on the Kentucky campaign, and he died at Louisville, Ky., December 1, 1862. JAMES M. JONES, aged thirty-two, married, farmer, born in Drake county, Ohio, and enlisted from Woodland, Fulton county, Illinois. He served to the close of the war, taking part in all the battles in which the command was engaged, and was mustered out with the regiment. He returned to Astoria, 111., and resumed farming, and died there October 3, 1898. 444 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. WILLIAM KELLY, aged thirty, married, farmer, born in Rich- land county, Ohio, and enlisted from Schuyler county, Illinois. His health failed and he was early sent to the hospital, and was discharged for disability, at Indianapolis, Ind., July 18, 1863. He died January 15, 1891. FRANKLIN KERNS, aged twenty-five, married, farmer, born near Astoria, Fulton county, Illinois. Served through the Ken- tucky campaign, and died at Nashville, Tenn., April 1, 1863. Is buried at No. 3250 in the national cemetery near that city. DAVID M. KING was 'born at Milford, Union county, Ohio, April 10, 1820, and was married and a farmer when he enlisted from Woodland, Fulton county, Illinois. He served through the Kentucky campaign, and was discharged for disability at Nash- ville, Tenn., April 1, 1863. He returned to Illinois, resumed farm- ing, but is now living retired at Bushnell, McDonough county, 111. DAVID T. LINE, deserted October 8, 1862. CHARLES LAMPERELL, aged eighteen, blacksmith, born in Kent county, England, and enlisted from Astoria, 111. He served with his company until the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He returned to Astoria and engaged in farming, but has been dead for several years. HENRY LAFARY, married, farmer, born in Brown county, Ohio, April 15, 1833, and enlisted from Woodland, Fulton county, Illinois. He served with his company to the close of the war, par- ticipated in all the campaigns in which the command was engaged, and was mustered out with the regiment. He returned to Illinois, resumed farming, and now resides at Smithfield, Fulton county, Illinois. JOHN LIVINGSTON was born at Astoria, Fulton county, Illi- nois, January 28, 1840, and enlisted from his native town. He served until the close of the war, taking part in all the engage- ments in which the command was engaged, and was mustered out with the regiment. He was wounded in a railroad accident at Manchester, Tenn., while on duty as train guard. He is a carpen- ter and builder, and resides at Bushnell, McDonough county, Illi- nois. JAMES S. LEWIS, enlisted from Astoria, was a farmer. Served until the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regi- ROSTER OF COMPANY G. 445 ment. He returned to Astoria at the close of the war, and re- sumed farming, but for many years he has been in poor health, the result of his hard service. He resides at St. Marys, Hancock county, Illinois. STEPHEN LEVINGSTON, aged twenty-five, deserted October 5, 1862. THOMAS J. LEVINGSTON, aged nineteen, enlisted from Astoria, and was discharged for disability at Louisville, Ky., Octo- ber 1, 1862. ANDERSON McCOMB, aged thirty-seven, married, butcher, born in Hickman county, Kentucky, and enlisted from Schuyler county, Illinois. He served until the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. JOHN McKAY, aged twenty-eight, married, farmer, born in New York, deserted April 1, 1863. THOMAS O'DONNELL deserted at the battle of Perryville, Ky. He was killed by being run over by a railway train at Beardstown, 111., in about 1889. WILLIAM PRENTICE, aged thirty-four, married, farmer, born in Adair county, Kentucky, and enlisted from Woodland, in Ful- ton county, Illinois. He served with his company until the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He was a brother of Berry Prentice, killed at Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia. He returned to Illinois and resumed farming in Fulton county, and died there February 19, 1891. BERRY PRENTICE, aged twenty-five, married, farmer, born in Adair county, Kentucky, and enlisted from Woodland, Fulton county, Illinois. He served with his company through all the battles in which it was engaged, until killed in the assault on Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864. Is buried at No. 8671 in the national cemetery at Marietta, Ga. JOHN N. PARR was born at Heidelburgh, York county, Penn- sylvania, February 19, 1838, and was a brickmaker when he en- listed from Pleasant, Fulton county, Illinois. He served with his company through all the battles and campaigns in which the com- mand was engaged, and was mustered out at the close of the war with the regiment. He returned to Illinois and engaged in farm- ing in Pleasant township, where he has served as member of the 446 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. county board, and commissioner of highways. His address is Summum, Fulton county, Illinois. FRANCIS MARION PLANK was born near Astoria, Fulton county, Illinois, October 28, 1844, and enlisted from his native town. He served with his company until severely wounded at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia. He received a gun sno* through the neck and left leg, which confined him to the hospital until the close of the war. He was honorably discharged from the hospital at Nashville, Tenn., and returned to his former home in Illinois. He removed some years later to Iowa, and engaged in farming in Allamokee county, where he resides on a farm of his own, free from debt, and contented. His address is Ion, Alla- mokee county, Iowa. WILLIAM R. PARKER, aged eighteen, born in and enlisted from Woodland, Fulton county, Illinois. Served to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. At the close of the war he returned to his former home, killed a comrade, and left for parts unknown. GEORGE POWELL, aged twenty-five, single, farmer, born in Adair county, Kentucky, and enlisted from Astoria, Illinois. He served with the company until transferred to the Veteran Reserve corps March 1, 1864, but his subsequent career is unknown to the writer. GEORGE W. REED was born at Keen, Coshocton county, Ohio, May 31, 1844, and with his parents removed to Illinois in 1859; enlisted from Woodland, Fulton county. Served to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. At Nashville, Tenn., he was detailed in Battery I, Second Illinois Light Artillery and served with the brigade battery until the winter of 1864. He returned to Illinois and engaged in farming until August, 1899, when he removed to Wood River, Hall county, Nebraska, where he now resides. LEWIS C. SMITH, aged forty-one, single, farmer.born in Ohio, and enlisted from Hickory, Schuyler county, Illinois. Discharged for disability at Nashville, Tenn., April 1, 1863. HORACE J. SNODGRASS, aged twenty-one, farmer, born in Harrison county, Indiana, and enlisted from Kerton, Fulton coun- ty, Illinois. He served with his company until instantly killed at Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, July 1, 1864. Tired out with ROSTER OF COMPANY G. 447 crouching behind the works, he exposed his head while changing position, and a ball passed through his brain. JOSEPH B. SHAWGO was born in Zanesville, Ohio, in 1843, and with his parents removed to Illinois in 1855; enlisted from Browning, 111., and served with his company until mounted at brigade headquarters in the summer of 1863. He was one of the party of scouts that captured the rebel prisoners on the eve of the battle of Chickamauga, Ga., as related in Chapter X. He was near Colonel Dan McCook when that officer was mortally wounded and carried him from the field. He was still serving as a scout when selected to carry a dispatch from General Sherman, then at Milledgeville, Ga., to General Thomas, then supposed to be at Chattanooga, Tenn. This very difficult and dangerous duty he performed, finding and delivering the dispatch to General Thomas at Nashville. He then served as orderly on the staff of General A. J. Smith, until the close of the war, and was honorably dis- charged at Nashville, Tenn. He graduated from Abingdon Col- lege, at Abingdon, 111., in 1869, studied medicine, and graduated from a medical college, Chicago, 111., in 1877. He began the prac- tice of his profession at Quincy, 111., the same year. He has filled various positions of trust under city, state and U. S. government, and is still practicing his chosen profession at Quincy, 111. GEORGE W. SHAWGO, brother of the doctor, born in Zanes- ville, Ohio, in 1839, and enlisted from Woodland, Fulton county, Illinois. He was discharged at Louisville, Ky., October 1, 1862, returned to Illinois, and now resides on a farm near Fandon, McDonough county, Illinois. ALFRED SMITH, aged twenty-nine, married, farmer, born in Smithfield, Jefferson county, Ohio, and enlisted from Rushville, 111. He served through the Kentucky campaign, but his health failed, and he died at Nashville, Tenn., February 16, 1863. Is buried at No. 5134, in the national cemetery near that city. JAMES N. STEPHENSON, aged twenty, farmer; enlisted from Woodland. Served with his company until the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He returned to Fulton county, resumed farming, but died soon after his return, near Summum, 111. MARION SEVERNS enlisted from Woodland, Fulton county, Illinois. Served with his company until killed in the assault on 448 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864. He was a cousin of William, of Company H, wounded in the same action. SOLOMON STILL, aged thirty-one, single, farmer, born in Coshocton county, Ohio, and enlisted from Woodland, Fulton county, Illinois. He served through the Kentucky campaign, and was transferred to the Veteran Reserve corps at Nashville, Tenn. SAMUEL STILL, aged twenty-six, single, farmer, born in Coshocton county, Ohio, and enlisted from Woodland, Fulton county, Illinois. His health failing on the Kentucky campaign, he was sent to the hospital at Danville, where he died December o, 1862. Is buried at No. 49, in the national cemetery at Danville, Kentucky. ROBERT STILL, aged twenty-eight, married, farmer, born in Coshocton county, Ohio, and enlisted from Woodland, Fulton county, Illinois. Served through the Kentucky campaign, and was discharged for disability, at Nashville, Tenn., April 1, 1863. Reported dead. JAMES SHIELDS, aged eighteen, born in Fulton county, Illi- nois, and enlisted from Woodland. Served with his company through all the campaigns in which the regiment was engaged until killed in the assault on Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864. LEWIS SEYMOUR was born in Montreal, Canada, February 20, 1825, removed to Illinois in 1856, and was a farmer when he en- listed from Hickory, Schuyler county. He served with his com- pany until transferred to the engineer corps, July 31, 1864, and in that organization to the close of the war. He was honorably dis- charged at Chattanooga, Tenn., June 24, 1865. He returned to Illinois, resumed farming, and resides near Summum, 111. AARON THOMAS was born in Clermont county, Ohio, Febru- ary 22, 1828, removed to Illinois in 1850, and settled on a farm in Fulton county. He enlisted from Woodland. Served with his company until June 1, 1863, when he was transferred to the Vet- eran Reserve corps at Nashville, Tenn. He was discharged from that organization, June 28, 1865, and returned to his former home in Illinois. He is now retired and resides at Astoria, 111. DAVID THOMAS, aged twenty-five, married, farmer, born in Boone, Harrison county, Indiana, and enlisted from Woodland, ROSTER OF COMPANY G. 449 Fulton county, Illinois. Served until the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. He returned to Illinois and was a teamster at Lewistown when he died. His widow resides at Lewistown, 111. DAVID TAYLOR, aged twenty-two, married, farmer, born in Kentucky, and enlisted from Woodland, Fulton county, Illinois. He served with his company until the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He was wounded by a gun shot in the face at Pumpkin Vine creek, Georgia, but recovered and re- turned to duty. His address is unknown to the writer. THOMAS J. TATE deserted September 1, 1863. JOHN THOMPSON was born in Butlersville, Schuyler county, Illinois, February 5, 1845, and enlisted from his native town. In the Kentucky campaign a wagon ran over and broke his left foot, which disabled him for marching, and he was detailed as an or- derly at brigade headquarters, where he served to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. He was wounded in the battle at Buzzard Roost, Ga., February 25, 1864, by a gun shot through the left arm. He was in one more battle than the regiment Bentonville, N. C., where he received a shot through his pants. He was the first man to reach Cape Fear river, where he captured a rebel sergeant, some negroes and a flat boat. He re- moved to Missouri in 1871 and began farming in Harrison county. Has served as justice of the peace and now resides at Gilman City, Harrison county, Missouri. BENTON TURNER deserted January 21, 1863. GEORGE WORKMAN, aged twenty, born in Schuyler county, Illinois, and enlisted from Butlerville. Served with his company through the Kentucky campaign, and at Nashville, Tenn., was detailed in the scouts at brigade headquarters, where he served to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. At the end of his service he returned to his former home, where he was murdered by one whom he was trying to befriend. JOSEPH H. WOODRUFF deserted at Perryville, Ky., October 8, 1862. 450 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. CHAPTER XXXIV. Recruiting for Company H was commenced on July 3ist, and by the 6th of August, 1862, the first of the two companies enlisted at Astoria had been enrolled. As with Company G, this company stands on the record as having been enrolled by the Hon. S. P. Cummings. At the organization of the company the following commis- sioned officers were elected : Nathaniel McClelland, captain ; Luke Elliott, first lieutenant, and William Cohren, second lieutenant. During the three years' service 29 of this company were hit with shot or shell, 4 of whom were killed in action, i died of wounds, 24 received wounds from which they recovered or were discharged, 6 officers re- signed, ii men died of disease, 24 were discharged, 6 were transferred, and 45 were present at the final mus- ter out. Of Company H it may be fairly said that it per- formed its full measure of duty, bore its full share of hardships and suffered its full proportion of loss. The record of the regiment was made brighter by its har- monious action in camp and field, by its steady, soldierly bearing in battle, and its prompt and intelligent response to every call for duty. The following is THE COMPANY ROSTER. CAPTAIN NATHANIEL McCLELLAND was born in Jefferson county, Ohio, January 25, 1826, and with his parents removed to Illinois in 1830 and settled on a farm near Astoria, in Fulton county. He was a farmer, a ready speaker and frequently occu- pied the pulpit of the Methodist church in Astoria and vicinity. ROSTER OF COMPANY H. 451 He assisted in recruiting the company and at its organization was elected captain. An elder brother, William, was chosen captain of Company G, and a younger brother, Captain Thomas G., had but recently lost his life while in command of Company H, Third Illi- nois cavalry. Captain McClelland served through the Kentucky campaign, participating in the battle of Perryville, October 8, 1862, but failing health forced him to resign his commission, which was accepted November 12, 1862, and he returned home. He en- gaged in farming for several years near Astoria, but afterward re- moved to Plymouth, in Hancock county, where he died January 14, 1878. His widow and at least one son now reside at Plymouth, 111. CAPTAIN DAVID MAXWELL was born in Jackson county, Ohio, March 22, 1822, and removed to Illinois in April, 1844. He crossed the plains to California in 1850, returned to Illinois some two years later, and was married and a cooper when he enlisted as a private from Astoria. He served through the Kentucky cam- paign, participated in the battle of Perryville, was promoted to be captain November 12, 1862, and commanded the company until failing health compelled him to resign at Nashville, Tenn., May 14, 1863. He returned to Illinois, and has since been engaged in farming and fruit growing. He resides near Astoria, Pulton county, Illinois. CAPTAIN JAMES T. McNEIL was born in Fulton county, Illi- nois, January 29, 1838, his parents, David McNeil and Mary Cole, natives of New York, having settled in that county in 1828. He went to Kansas in 1855, remaining there through the early border troubles, and at the breaking out of the War of the Rebellion he went to Iowa and enlisted as a private in the regiment commanded by Colonel D. S. Moore. He was promoted captain and commanded his company at the battle of Athens, Mo. At the expiration of his term of service he returned to Illinois and enlisted as a private from Astoria. He participated in the battle of Perryville, Ky., and was promoted first lieutenant November 12, 1862. He was de- tailed as military conductor, and ran the railway trains from Nashville to Murfreesboro until relieved at his own request. He was promoted captain May 14, 1863, and commanded his company until captured, as related in chapter XII. He resumed command of the company at McAffee Church, Georgia, and served until the close of the Atlanta campaign, when his health, which had not been good since his prison experience, forced him to resign. Re- 452 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. turning to Astoria, 111., he served in the revenue department at Peoria, one or more terms, but has never recovered his health. He was married to Mary A. Ruble, of Knoxville, Tenn., in 1856, and they now reside at Table Grove, Fulton county, Illinois. CAPTAIN IRA A. MARDIS was born in Tuscarawas county, Ohio, December 25, 1839, attended Granville college at Granville, Ohio, removed to Illinois in 1861 and was teaching in Fulton county when he enlisted from Woodland. He was chosen first ser- geant at the organization of the company, was promoted first lieu- tenant May 14, 1862, and to be captain August 29, 1864. He served with his company through all the campaigns in which the regi- ment was engaged, commanded the company from the time he was commissioned captain until the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. He returned to Illinois and engaged in teaching, but some years later removed to Denver, Colo., where he died April 21, 1897. FIRST LIEUTENANT LUKE ELLIOTT was born in the state of New York, June 15, 1815, spent his boyhood in Ohio and re- moved to Illinois in 1836. He enlisted from Summum, and at the organization of the company was elected first lieutenant. He served through the Kentucky campaign, participated in the battle of Perryville, October 8, 1862, and resigned at Nashville, Tenn., November 21, 1863, for disability. Returning to Summum he was appointed enrolling officer and continued in that position until the close of the war. He served as mem'ber of the county board from Woodland and was justice of the peace for many years. He was a shoemaker by trade and continued his occupation at Summum until his death, which occurred October 11, 1892. FIRST LIEUTENANT ANDREW J. HORTON was born at New Castle, Coshocton county, Ohio, October 28, 1835, and removed with his parents to Illinois in 1853, locating on a farm in Fulton county. He enlisted from Woodland and was chosen sergeant at the organization of the company. Was promoted second lieuten- ant March 26, 1863, and to be first lieutenant August 29, 1864. He was captured in December, 1862, at Lavergne, Tenn., and held pris- oner four months. He commanded Company B for a time toward the close of the war and was in command of that company when it was mustered out. He was mustered out with the regiment and returned to his farm, where he still resides. Has served as mem- ROSTER OF COMPANY H. 453 ber of the county board twelve years and filled township offices for thirty years. His address is Astoria, 111. SECOND LIEUTENANT WILLIAM COHREN, aged thirty-one, married, farmer, born in Knox county, Ohio, removed to Illinois, and was engaged in farming when he enlisted from Astoria. He was elected second lieutenant at the organization of the company, participated in the battle of Perryville, Ky., October 8, 1862, and upon the arrival of the command at Nashville, Tenn., he resigned on account of failing health. He returned to Illinois and resumed farming near Astoria. But some years since he removed to Kan- sas, and is understood to be farming near Wetmore, Nemaha county. SECOND LIEUTENANT WASHINGTON M. SHIELDS was born in Harrison county, Indiana, May 18, 1830, removed to Illi- nois, and was a merchant when he enlisted from Woodland. He served through the Kentucky campaign as a private and was pro- moted second lieutenant at Nashville, Tenn., November 12, 1862. He resigned his commission February 16, 1863, and returned to Illinois, where he engaged in dealing in live stock. He served as city marshal at Lewistown, and now resides at No. 221 North Glen- dale avenue, Peoria, 111. FIRST SERGEANT WILLIAM H. McLAREN was born near Astoria, Fulton county, Illinois, December 16, 1839, and was a farmer when he enlisted from his native town. He served as a private through the Kentucky campaign, and was promoted first sergeant at Nashville, Tenn., in the summer of 1863, served with his company to the close of the war, participated in all the cam- paigns in which the command had a part and was mustered out with the regiment. On returning to Illinois he resumed farming; has served as school trustee, tax collector and member of the county board for Astoria township. He now resides in Canton, Fulton county, Illinois. SERGEANT JOHN B. PALMER was born at Freeman's Land- ing, Brook county, Virginia, June 16, 1837, and removed with his parents to Illinois in 1852, was teaching when he enlisted from Astoria. He was chosen sergeant at the organization of the com- pany, served with his company through the Kentucky campaign, and in February, 1863, he was detached and became a member of Captain Powell's scouts. He served until the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. For more than a year of his 454 HISTORY OF THE 8STH ILLINOIS. term of .service he was of the mounted escort to the commander of the Fourteenth army corps. He returned to Illinois and resumed teaching, but later removed to Kansas, was probate judge of Grant county from 1892 to 1896, served a term as vice-commander of the Grand Army of the Republic, Department of Kansas, and now re- sides at Orondo, Douglas county, Washington. SERGEANT ELI SHIELDS, aged twenty-five, married, wheel- wright, born in Fulton county, Illinois, and enlisted from Wood- land. He served with his company through the Kentucky cam- paign, was mounted as a scout at Nashville, Tenn., and was of the party that captured the prisoners on the eve of the battle of Chick- amauga, returned to duty with his company, and was killed in the assault on Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864. SERGEANT AMOS KINZER was born in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, June 21, 1835, removed to Illinois, and was a farmer when he enlisted from Kerton, in Fulton county. He served with his company to the close of the war, taking part in all the cam- paigns and battles in which the command was engaged, and was mustered out with the regiment. He returned to Illinois, where he remained until October, 1876, when he removed with his family to Kansas and engaged in farming in Sedgwick county. He reared a family of boys and girls, who are all grown and doing for them- selves. He died February 21, 1893, leaving his wife, Margaret E. (Wilson) Kinzer, who still resides at Sedgwick, Kan. SERGEANT ANDERSON JENNINGS was born in Williams county, Ohio, December 4, 1842, removed to Illinois in 1854, and was a farmer when he enlisted from Astoria. He was chosen cor- poral at the organization of the company, was promoted sergeant, participated in all the campaigns in which the command was en- gaged, and was mustered out with the regiment. Returning to Illinois, he attended Abingdon college and began teaching. He has mined in Mexico, been postmaster and president of the board of registration in Arkansas, was elected representative from Woodruff county, but was counted out; was justice of the peace, and now resides at Wister, Indian Territory. SERGEANT ABRAHAM COOPER, aged eighteen, born in Co- shocton county, Ohio, removed with his parents to Illinois in 1846, and settled on a farm near Astoria, where he enlisted as a tinner. He served to,the close of the war, was promoted sergeant and was mustered out with the regiment. He returned to Illinois at the ROSTER OF COMPANY H. 455 close of the war, and was working at his trade in Bath, when he fell ill with a fever. While recovering, but perhaps not conscious of what he did, he was drowned in the Illinois river in about 1866. SERGEANT SILAS D. HENDERSON, aged thirty-three, mar- ried, farmer, born in Smith county, Tennessee, and enlisted from Astoria, 111. He served with his company until the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. The report of the commissioner of pensions states that he died March 30, 1891. CORPORAL JOHN T. ZIMMERMAN was born at New Castle, Coshocton county, Ohio, December 17, 1841, removed to Illinois in 1856, was married and a farmer when he enlisted from Astoria, 111. He served until the close of the war, was slightly wounded at the battle of Chickamauga, Ga., and captured near Columbia, S. C., in February, 1865. He was confined in the rebel prison at Salisbury, N. C., some thirty-three days, was exchanged and honorably dis- charged June 17, 1865. He is a veterinary surgeon and resides at Macomb, McDonough county, Illinois. CORPORAL GEORGE H. WETZEL was born on a farm near Astoria, Fulton county, Illinois, November 24, 1840, and enlisted from his native town. He was chosen corporal at the organization of the company, served with his company and participated in all the battles in which the regiment was engaged until severely wounded in the assault on Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 18C4. His wound, a gun shot through the thigh, detained him in the hospital until the close of the war and he was honorably dis- charged at Springfield, 111., June 7, 1865. He settled on a farm in Schuyler county and engaged in stock raising, was collector, com- missioner and trustee of his township in Schuyler county and trus- tee in Fulton county. He is a prosperous and progressive farmer, now residing at Lewistown, Fulton county, Illinois. CORPORAL HENRY SHIELDS was born on a farm near As- toria, Fulton county, Illinois, May 18, 1841, and enlisted from Woodland. Was chosen corporal at the organization of the com- pany, served until the close of the war, taking part in all the cam- paigns in which the command was engaged and was mustered out with the regiment. Sinca the close of his service he has served as county commissioner and city marshal. He removed to Washing- ton and engaged in merchandising at Centralia, in Lewis county, where he now resides. 456 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. CORPORAL FRANKLIN SHELLY was born at Jennings Gap, Augusta county, Virginia, February 11, 1835, removed to Illinois in October, 1856, was single and a farmer when he enlisted from Astoria, 111. He was chosen corporal at the organization of his company, participated in all the campaigns in which the regiment was engaged until severely wounded near Atlanta, Ga., in the action on the Sandtown road. His was a gun shot wound through the shoulder, which disabled him from further service, and he was discharged on account of wounds from the United States hospital at Camp Butler, 111., March 9, 1865. He resumed farming upon his return from the army and now resides at Sheldon's Grove, Schuyler county, Illinois. CORPORAL DAVID S. SHANK deserted January 3, 1863. CORPORAL JOHN W. SWAN, aged twenty-six, blacksmith, born in Loudoun county, Virginia, and enlisted from Woodland, Fulton county, Illinois. Served until the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. When last heard from he was living at Liberty, Montgomery county, Kansas. CORPORAL ELISHA J. ELLIOT, aged nineteen, farmer, born in Fulton county, Illinois, and enlisted from Woodland; was chosen corporal at the organization of the company and served through all the campaigns in which the regiment was engaged until killed in the assault on Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864. Is buried at No. 9266 in the national cemetery at Mari- etta, Ga. CORPORAL CHARLES DUNCAN was born at Duncan's Mills, Fulton county, Illinois, November 29, 1842, was a farmer and en- listed from Woodland. He was promoted corporal; served with his company until the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. At the end of his service he returned to his former home, resumed farming and resides at Duncan's Mills, 111. CORPORAL THOMAS B. ENGLE was born on a farm near Astoria, Fulton county, Illinois, April 7, 1844, and enlisted from his native town. He was promoted corporal; served with his com- pany through all the campaigns in which the command was en- gaged, was wounded at the battle of Jonesboro, Ga., September 1, 1864, and was mustered out with the regiment. He removed to Iowa in 1872, is a prosperous farmer and resides at Coburg, Mont- gomery county, Iowa. ROSTER OF COMPANY H. 457 CORPORAL WILLIAM SHIELDS, aged twenty-one, farmer, 'born in Woodland, Fulton county, Illinois, and enlisted from Pleasant. Was promoted corporal, served until the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. CORPORAL SAMUEL THOMPSON was born on a farm near Astoria, Fulton county, Illinois, March 6, 1843, and enlisted from his native town. He was promoted corporal; served with his com- pany to the close of the war, participated in all the battles in which the command had a part, and was mustered out with the regiment. He removed to Nebraska in 1878, and to Missouri in 1894. He is engaged in farming, and resides at Lamar, Barton county, Missouri. MUSICIAN HENRY H.WILSON was born in Langdon, Sullivan county, New Hampshire, June 3, 1846, removed with his parents to Illinois in April, 1856, and was attending school when he enlisted from Astoria. He was appointed musician at the organization of the company; served until the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. Returning to Astoria he studied medicine, graduated from the medical department of the Iowa University at Keokuk in 1867 and began the practice of his chosen profession at Lindley, Grundy county, Missouri, in 1868. He removed to Mon- tana in May, 1899, and is now engaged in the practice of medicine at Lewistown, Fergus county, Montana. MUSICIAN MARTIN K. DOBSON was born at Summum, Ful- ton county, Illinois, March 23, 1843, and enlisted from his native town. At the organization of the company he was appointed musician; served to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. He captured his man on the skirmish line in the assault on Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia. He resides at Lew- istown, 111., where he is engaged as a blacksmith and wagonmaker. WAGONER BENJAMIN BOLEN, married, farmer, born in Maryland, and enlisted from Astoria, 111. He was detailed wag- oner at the outfitting of the company; served through the Ken- tucky campaign and was discharged at Nashville, Tenn., for disa- bility, January 29, 1863. Supposed to be living at Carrollton, Pick- ens county, Alabama. JOHN BUSHNELL, aged twenty-four, single, farmer, born in Pike county, Illinois, and enlisted from Browning. He served with his company until the close of the war, but was sent to the hos- 28 458 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. pital at Alexandria, Va., a few days before the regiment was mus- tered out, where he died June 15, 1865. His remains are buried at No. 3033, in the national cemetery near that city. ANANIAS P. BUSHNELL, aged twenty-six, married, farmer, born in Indiana; enlisted from Browning, 111. Served to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. GEORGE W. BARNES, aged thirty-one, married, farmer, born in Harrison county, Indiana, and enlisted from Woodland, Fulton county, Illinois. He served through the Kentucky campaign, was discharged for disability at Nashville, Tenn., January 29, 1863. But aboiu the time his discharge arrived he died in the general hospital in that city. JOEL A. BARNES was born near Astoria, Fulton county, Illi- nois, January 6, 1844, spent the early years of his life on a farm, and enlisted from Woodland. He participated in all the battles in which the command was engaged; served to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He attended the English and German college and the business college at Quincy, 111.; after the close of his service taught school, read law and was admitted to the bar. Has been justice of the peace and served as deputy circuit clerk. He resides on his farm at Summum, Fulton county, Illinois, deals in stock and serves his clients when they are inclined to indulge in the luxuries of the law. CHARLES R. BRANSON was born at Mount Pleasant, Jeffer- son county, Ohio, January 13, 1836, removed with his parents to Illinois in 1839, settled on a farm in Fulton county and enlisted from Woodland. He was detached with the ordnance train in the Kentucky campaign, but soon returned to duty with his company, was slightly wounded at the battle of Mission Ridge, served to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. At the close of his service he returned to Illinois; has been school trustee and is a merchant, residing at Ipava, Fulton county, Illinois. HENRY BLOOMFIELD, aged twenty-five, married, farmer, born in Butler county, Ohio, and enlisted from Woodland, Fulton county, Illinois. He served through the Kentucky campaign, was wounded at the battle of Perryville, October 8, 1862, and died in general hospital No. 14 at Nashville, Tenn., February 11, 1863. JOHN CUNNINGHAM, aged twenty-six, single, farmer, born in Hancock county, Virginia, removed to Illinois, and enlisted from ROSTER OF COMPANY H. 459 Vermont. He served in the Kentucky campaign until the army reached Bowling Green, where he died in the hospital November 21, 1862. His brother, William, died at Louisville in October, but another brother, Alexander, served in Company G to the close of the war. WILLIAM CUNNINGHAM, aged nineteen, farmer, born in Hancock county, Virginia, removed with his parents to Illinois, and enlisted from Astoria. He died at Louisville, Ky., October 17, 1862, and is buried at No. 186 in the national cemetery at Cave Hill, near Louisville, Ky. JOSEPH CRABLE was born in Fayette county, Pennsylvania, January 21, 1831, removed to Illinois in 1852, and settled on a farm in Fulton county. He enlisted from Woodland; served through the Kentucky campaign, and was discharged at Nashville, Tenn., February 3, 1863, for disability. He returned to Illinois, resumed farming and now resides at Astoria. WILLIAM COLLINS, aged twenty-four, married, carpenter, born in Farmington, Fulton county, Illinois, and enlisted from Woodland. He served with his company until severely wounded on the firing line on Pumpkin Vine creek, Georgia. The shot that wounded him also wounded John W. McLaren. He was discharged for disability resulting from wounds, December 20, 1864. Is sup- posed to be living at Shoo Fly, Johnson county, Iowa. JOSEPH DAVIS deserted January 21, 1863. DANIEL DUTTON was born at Hamersville, Brown county, Ohio, October 3, 1837, removed to Illinois in 1850 and was single and a farmer when he enlisted from Woodland. He served with his company until the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. He resumed farming at the close of the war, and resides at Bluff City, Schuyler county, Illinois. LEWIS DIAL was born in Knox county, Ohio, May 30, 1844, and with his parents, Edward R. Dial and Delilah Cramer, removed to Illinois and settled on a farm in Fulton county. He enlisted from Astoria; served with his company until severely wounded, August 5, 1864, in action near the Sandtown road and not far from Atlanta. His wound disabled him for further service, and he was discharged at Jefferson barracks, Missouri, February 20, 1865. Returning to Astoria he taught school four years, when suffering from his 460 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. wound forced him to abandon teaching and for most of the time since he has lived in the national military homes. At present he is an inmate of the National Military Home at Marion, Ind. WILLIAM F. ELGIN, aged twenty-one, farmer, born in As- toria, Fulton county, Illinois, and enlisted from his native town. He served with his company until the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He is supposed to be living at Catlin, 111. JOHN D. FENTON was born in Augusta county, Virginia, in 1835, and removed to Illinois with his parents in 1837. He en- listed from Astoria; served with his company to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. He returned to Astoria, where he has served the public as drayman ever since. He was slightly wounded at the battle of Chickamauga, Ga,, and again in the assault on Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864. His address is Astoria, 111. WILLIAM H. FRIETLEY was born in Harrison county, Indi- ana, October 3, 1841, and removed with his parents to Illinois in 1849. He enlisted from Woodland; served with his company to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He was wounded at the battle of Jonesboro, Ga., September 1, 1864. He returned to Illinois, but removed to Missouri in 1878, and en- gaged in farming in Schuyler county. His address is Jimtown, Schuyler county, Missouri. JEREMIAH GORSAGE, aged , married, farmer, born in Montgomery county, Illinois, and enlisted from Browning. He served with his company to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He returned to Browning, 111., resumed farming, and died May 19, 1892. WILLIAM C. HUDNALL was born in Russellville, Logan county, Kentucky, November 25, 1843, removed with his parents to Illinois in 1849, and settled in Astoria, where he was a clerk when he enlisted. He served with his company until the spring of 1864, when he was mounted and served at brigade headquarters until the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. Re- turning to Astoria he became a harnessmaker, and was tax col- lector in 1892. He resides in Astoria, 111., but is sadly afflicted with catarrh of the head, which baffles medical skill. ROSTER OF COMPANY H. 461 JONATHAN B. HORTON was born in New Castle, Coshocton county, Ohio, removed to Illinois at an early day and was a farmer when he enlisted from Woodland, in Fulton county. He was forty- four years of age; served through the Kentucky campaign, ana was discharged at Nashville, Tenn., January 19, 1863, for disability. MARION HORTON, aged twenty-six, farmer; enlisted from Woodland; was slightly wounded at Perry ville, Ky., but recovered and served with his company until severely wounded at the battle of Buzzard Roost, Georgia, February 25, 1864. A shell which did not explode struck him on the shoulder, causing a wound from which he never entirely recovered. He was honorably discharged from the hospital at Quincy, 111., soon after the regiment was mus- tered out, and returned to his former home, where he died a short time after the close of the war. WILLIAM H. HARRIS was born on a farm near Browning, Schuyler county, Illinois, June 5, 1841, passed his early years on a farm, and enlisted from Browning. He served with his company through all the campaigns in which the regiment was engaged until captured near the boundary line between North and South Carolina, March 3, 1865. He was held in rebel prisons until the close of the war, and honorably discharged June 17, 1865. He is a merchant and farmer, and resides at Browning, 111. CHARLES A. HUGHES, aged twenty, farmer, born in Wood- land, Fulton county, Illinois, and enlisted from his native town. He served with his company until failing health sent him to the hospital while on the Atlanta campaign, and he died at Ackworth, Ga., June 20, 1864. JULIUS T. HUGHE Y, aged twenty-six, farmer; enlisted from Astoria, Fulton county, Illinois. He served with his company until transferred to the Veteran Reserve corps, probably at Nash- ville, Tenn., but the record does not give the date of transfer. He was honorably discharged at the close of the war, and died June 18, 1883. SIMON HEATON, aged twenty-seven, married, farmer, born in Pennsylvania, and enlisted from Astoria, 111. He served with his company until captured at Louisville, Ga., November 30, 1864. After he surrendered he was shot down in cold blood by his inhu- man captors. His remains are buried at No. 13681 in the national cemetery at Andersonville, Ga. 462 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. JACOB HORN, aged twenty-six, married, farmer, born in Knox county, Ohio, and enlisted from Woodland, Fulton county, Illinois; served with his company until transferred to the Veteran Reserve corps, probably at Nashville, Tenn. Date not given, but he was honorably discharged from that organization, and resides at As- toria, 111. JAMES WALTER HUDNALL was born in Logan county, Ken- tucky, March 30, 1846, removed to Illinois with his parents, and enlisted from Astoria. He served until the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. During the night march from Buzzard Roost, Georgia, to McAffee Church, he fell through a defective bridge, sustaining injuries which finally disabled him for service in the ranks, but he declined to apply for a discharge from the service, and in July, 1864, he was detached from his com- pany and assigned to duty as an orderly at brigade headquarters, where he remained to the close of the war. In 1874 he turned his attention to newspaper work, was connected with papers at Peoria, Chicago and St. Louis, and in 1883 went to work as city editor of the Evening Journal at Quincy, 111. In 1885 he was ap- pointed to a position in the United States treasury department, and has since been continuously in that branch of the service. He is at present a special inspector of customs, serving on the Mexi- can frontier with headquarters at San Antonio, Texas. WILLIAM H. HULBURT was born in Philadelphia, Pa., re- moved to Illinois in December, 1855, and enlisted from Browning as a farmer. He served until the close of the war, and was mus- tered out with the regiment. Is in poor health and resides at Havana, 111. HENRY N. HOWARD was born at Summum, Fulton county, Illinois, April 12, 1844, farmer, and enlisted from his native town. He served with his company to the close of the war and was mus- tered out with the regiment. Since his return to Illinois he has been engaged in farming, and is now buying poultry, and resides at Astoria, 111. JOHN B. HAGAN enlisted from Astoria, 111.; served through the Kentucky campaign, and died at Nashville, Tenn., January 28, 1863. Is buried at No. 6717 in the national cemetery near that city. ALANSUS P. HULBURT, born in Philadelphia, Penn., enlisted from Astoria, III.; was transferred to Company C, Sixteenth Illi- ROSTER OF COMPANY H. 463 nois Infantry, but the date of his transfer is unknown. He was mustered out with his regiment at Louisville, Ky., July 8, 1865. Supposed to be living at Westerville, Custer county, Nebraska. JAMBS JAMESON, aged thirty-nine, married, farmer; enlisted from Pleasant, 111. He served through the Kentucky campaign and was discharged at Nashville, Tenn., February 3, 1863, for dis- ability. HENRY J. JOHNSON, aged thirty, married, farmer, born in Centerville, Allegheny county, Pennsylvania, removed to Illinois, and enlisted from Astoria. He served with his company until cap- tured near the close of the war; was exchanged, and honorably discharged June 17, 1865. BENJAMIN JELLISON, aged twenty-four, married, farmer, born in Mahoning, Mercer county, Pennsylvania, removed to Illi- nois, and enlisted from Astoria; served with his company until the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. Is a farmer and resides near Astoria, 111. JOHN F. KINGERY, aged twenty-five, married, farmer, born in Woodland, Fulton county, Illinois, and enlisted from his native town. He served with his company until near the close of the war. but was sick in the hospital at Chicago, 111., at the muster out of the regiment. He was honorably discharged soon after; is a farmer and now resides near Summum, 111. JOSIAH H. KELLEY enlisted from Astoria, 111.; served through the Kentucky campaign; was discharged from the hos- pital at Nashville, Tenn., January 29, 1863, for disability, but was unable to travel and died a few days later, and is buried at No. 742 in the national cemetery there. RICHARD LANE, aged thirty-nine, married, cabinet-maker, born at Putnam, Muskingum county, Ohio, removed to Illinois, and enlisted from Astoria. He served until near the close of the war, but was sick at Nashville, Tenn., when the regiment was mustered out. He was honorably discharged and returned to Illinois, where he died in September, 1894. HENRY LOVEL, aged twenty-five, married, miller, born in Hamilton, Ohio; served through the Kentucky campaign, and was discharged at Nashville, Tenn., February 3, 1863, for disability. FRANCIS M. McKEE was born at Hamersville, Clermont coun- ty, Ohio, December 17, 1835, removed to Illinois in 1854, and was a 464 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. farmer when he enlisted from Astoria; served with his company through the Kentucky campaign; was detailed in Captain Pow- ell's scouts in March, 1863, and served with that command, and at division and corps headquarters until the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. After returning to Illinois he removed to Iowa and engaged in farming. Now resides at Troy, Davis county, Iowa. SOLOMON MEYERS was born in York county, Pennsylvania, in 1842, removed to Illinois in 1855, and was a farmer when he en- listed from Astoria. Was wounded in the battle of Perryville, October 8, 1862. Upon his recovery and his return to his company he was detailed as ambulance driver; served to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. Upon his return to Illi- nois he resumed farming, but since 1894 has been retired and re- sides at Astoria, 111. JOHN W. McLAREN, aged twenty-one, farmer, born in Wood- land, Fulton county, Illinois, and enlisted from his native town. He served with his company until the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He was twice wounded once at Pumpkin Vine creek, near Dallas, Ga., and soon afterwards re- turned to duty at Florence, Ala. He returned to Illinois and re- sumed farming near Summum, where he died not many years after the close of the war. GEORGE W. MEEK enlisted from Kerton, 111.; served with his company through the Kentucky campaign, and was discharged at Nashville, Tenn., January 15, 1863, for disability. He resides at Colchester, McDonough county, Illinois. GEORGE W. NEWBERRY was born in Astoria, Fulton county, Illinois, April 16, 1844, and enlisted from Woodland. He served with his company until the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He was hit three times with spent balls. Upon his return to Illinois he studied medicine and began to prac- tice at Smithfield in 1884. He has been president of the village board for eight consecutive terms. His address is Smithfield, Ful- ton county, Illinois. WILLIAM OSBORN, aged forty, married, farmer, born in Co- shocton county, Ohio; sorved until the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He returned to Illinois, aud^-e- sumed farming hear Astoria, where he died in 1882. ROSTER OF COMPANY H. 465 JOEL PALMER, aged nineteen, farmer, born at Oxford, Tus- carawas county, Ohio; removed with his parents to Illinois in 1852, and enlisted from Astoria. He served with his company until the command reached Bowling Green, Ky., where his health failed, and he was discharged January 10, 1863, for disability. He is reported to be living at Fair Play, Polk county, Missouri. JOHN R. POWELL, plasterer, married, born in Adams county, Ohio, March 5, 1833, removed to Illinois in 1835 and enlisted from Astoria. He was slightly wounded at the battle of Chickamauga, but served with his company until severely wounded in the as- sault on Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864. He was hon- orably discharged August 12, 1865. He has long been a minister in the United Brethren church, and resides at Sheldon's Grove, Schuyler county, Illinois. MARTIN V. PLANK was born on a farm near Astoria, Fulton county, Illinois, December 10, 1841, and enlisted from his native town. He served with his company to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. His brother, Francis M., served through the war in Company G. Is farming near Astoria, Illinois. MARTIN V. PARKER, aged twenty-five, married, carpenter, born at Jefferson, Coshocton county, Ohio, and enlisted from As- toria, 111. Served with his company until the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. Is reported to be living at Murray ville, Morgan county, Illinois. JOHN H. PERKINS was born at Fort Madison, Iowa, Novem- ber 27, 1832, and with his parents removed to Illinois in 1836. He enlisted from Browning; served with his company until 1864, when he was transferred to the engineer corps and was honorably dis- charged at Nashville, Tenn., June 30, 1865. Has been constable of Oakland township, and resides at Ray, Schuyler county, Illinois. MICHAEL ROGERS, aged thirty-three, married, farmer, born in Hardin county, Kentucky, and enlisted from Woodland, 111. He served with his company until the close of the war, and was mus- tered out with the regiment. Upon his return to Illinois, resumed farming, and died near Baders in about 1895. LEMUEL J. SAYRES was born in Harrison county, Ohio, in 1840, removed with his parents to Illinois in 1844, and was living on a farm near Astoria when he enlisted. Was slightly wounded 466 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. at the battle of Perryville, Ky., but served with his company to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. Is a farmer, and resides at Browning, Schuyler county, Illinois. HENRY C. SWISHER was born at Staunton, Augusta county, Virginia, September 16, 1843, and removed to Illinois with his parents in 1856; enlisted from Astoria, and served with his com- pany through the Kentucky campaign. At Nashville, Tenn., he was detailed, mounted and served at brigade and division head- quarters until the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He was in the party of scouts who captured the rebel prisoners at the battle of Chickamauga, as related in Chapter X, and also the hero of the rescue as narrated in Chapter XVII. He was tax collector in Astoria township in 1886, was sheriff of Osage county, Kansas, from 1891 to 1895. Is a merchant, and resides at Lyndon, Osage county, Kansas. JOHN B. SHIELDS, aged twenty-six, married, farmer, born in Harrison county, Indiana, removed to Illinois, and enlisted from Lewistown. He served with his company until near the close of the war, but was absent (sick) at the muster out of the regiment. He was honorably discharged from the hospital at Chicago, 111., and is supposed to be living at Massena, Cass county, Iowa, FRANCIS M. SHRIER deserted September 14, 1862. WILLIAM SEVERNS was born in Brown county, Ohio, Octo- ber 8, 1845, removed with his parents to Illinois in 1856, and en- listed as a farmer from Astoria, 111. He served with his company until the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. He was wounded at the battle of Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864, but soon returned to duty. His two sons, Charles W. and Edward H., aged respectively sixteen and twenty, served through the war with Spain. A cousin, Marion, of Company G, was killed at Kennesaw Mountain, and Eli, a brother or cousin, was severely wounded at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia. He is a carpenter and builder, residing at Clayton, St. Louis coun- ty, Missouri. ELI SEVERNS, aged thirty, married, farmer, born in Jefferson, Coshocton county, Ohio, removed to Illinois, and enlisted from Astoria. He served with his company until severely wounded at the battle of Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 19, 1864. He was dis- charged on account of wounds at Nashville, Tenn., May 19, 1865. ROSTER OF COMPANY H. 467 He returned to Illinois, but later removed to Missouri, where he finally died from the effects of his wounds, at Mound City, Mis- souri, August 9, 1896. ROBERT SNODGRASS, aged twenty-six, married, farmer, born in Harrison county, Indiana, and enlisted from Brooklyn, Schuyler county, Illinois. He served with his company to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. Some years after his return to Illinois he removed to Kansas, where he died August 4, . JAMES SALSBURY, aged forty-three, married, farmer, born in Vanderburg county, Indiana, removed to Illinois, and enlisted from Woodland. He served through the Kentucky campaign and at Nashville, Tenn., was transferred to the engineer corps. He was honorably discharged from that organization at the close of the war. He returned to Illinois, resumed farming, and died in Fulton county in about 1895. GEORGE W. SHAW, aged thirty-four, married, farmer, born in Baltimore, Md., and enlisted from Woodland, 111. He served with his company through the Kentucky campaign, and died at Nash- ville, Tenn. Is buried at No. 169 in the national cemetery near that city. JOHN M. SAPPER, aged twenty-three, married, farmer, born at Boon, Harrison county, Indiana. He served with his company until killed in the assault on Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864. He enlisted from Woodland, Fulton county, Illinois. BENJAMIN F. SHIELDS was born in Woodland, Fulton coun- ty, Illinois, in March, 1843, and enlisted from his native town. He served with his company to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. Returning to Illinois he engaged in farm- ing in Knox county, where he served as constable from 1873 to 1881. Since 1889 he has resided at Bushnell, McDonough county, Illinois. NATHAN SHANNON was born in Tuscarawas county, Ohio, in 1833, and with his parents removed to Illinois and settled on a farm in Fulton county; was married and a farmer when he en- listed from Astoria. He served with his company through the Kentucky campaign, and was discharged at Nashville, Tenn., May 19, 1863. Returning to his former home he resumed farming near 468 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. Astoria, but later removed to Schuyler county. Is residing at Ray, 111. JOHN A. THOMPSON, aged twenty-one, farmer, born at Keen, Coshocton county, Ohio, and enlisted from Woodland, 111. He served with his company until severely wounded in the assault on Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, and died of wounds at Chattanooga, Tenn., July 7, 1864. His remains are buried at No. 11830 in the national cemetery on Orchard Knob near that city. CHARLES C. TURNER deserted November 14, 1862. JOHN THARIO, aged nineteen, farmer; enlisted from Astoria, and was born in Vermont, 111. He served until near the close of the war, when he was captured and held in rebel prisons until after the regiment was mustered out. He was honorably dis- charged July 22, 1865, returned to Illinois, and is said to be living in Tazewell county. WILLIAM TIERY, aged twenty-five, single, farmer, born in Adair county, Kentucky, and enlisted from Butlerville, Schuyler county, Illinois. He served through the Kentucky campaign, and died at Nashville, Tenn., August 13, 1863. Is buried at No. 713 in the national cemetery near that place. JAMES P. ADDIS was born at Tecumseh, Lenawee county, Michigan, February 25, 1845, and enlisted from Astoria, 111., under the name of James T. Toler. When a child too young to know his own name his father died and he was left with a neighbor's family. This family removed to Indiana, and from there the boy was taken by another family to Illinois, and for several years lived with Dr. W. T. Toler, of Astoria. Here he was known as Toler, and here he enlisted under that name. He served with his com- pany to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regi- ment. While the command was at North Chickamauga, during the siege of Chattanooga, he learned his real name, and that his mother was still living. He obtained a furlough and visited her during that winter. He was wounded in the fight at Buzzard Roost, Georgia, February 25, 1864, receiving a gun shot wound which carried away the index finger of his left hand. Since the close of the war he has been engaged in farming in Illinois, Colo- rado and Oklahoma. Now resides at Lindon, Cleveland county, Oklahoma. ARDEN WHEELER was born in Coshocton county, Ohio, May 8, 1839, removed with his parents to Illinois in 1852, and settled on ROSTER OF COMPANY H. 469 a farm in Fulton county. He enlisted as a farmer from Astoria; served until the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. Returning to Illinois at the close of his service, he re- sumed farming, and resides near Astoria, 111. THOMAS WHEELER, aged forty-one, born in Brooke county, Virginia, and enlisted as a farmer from Astoria, 111. His health soon failed, and he was discharged for disability, October 30, 1862. He returned to Astoria, 111., and died April 15, 1889. DANIEL WORLEY was born at Athens, Harrison county, Ohio, August 7, 1832, removed to Illinois in 1851, and settled on a farm near Astoria, where he enlisted. He served until the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He was wounded at the battle of Perryville, Ky., October 8, 1862, by the concussion of a cannon; was teamster for some considerable time, and returned to farming in Illinois at the close of his service. He now resides at Macomb, McDonough county, Illinois. FREDERICK F. ZELLERS was born at Myerstown, Bucks county, Pennsylvania, November 30, 1832, removed to Illinois in 1X50, and settled on a farm in Fulton county. He enlisted from Woodland, was slightly wounded at the battle of Chickamauga, Ga., but served with his company until severely wounded and cap- tured in the assault on Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864. In the charge he leaped the enemy's works and, badly wounded, fell into their hands. He was confined in Andersonville prison until the close of the war and was honorably discharged June 27, 1865. He settled in North Dakota in 1881, has been coroner of Stark county for four terms, and now resides at Taylor, in that county and state. JOHN W. SNODGRASS enlisted from Woodland, Fulton coun- ty, Illinois, and served with his company until failing health sent him to the hospital at Chattanooga, Tenn., where he died October 8, 1863. JAMES W. SAFFER enlisted from Woodland, Fulton county, Illinois, January 27, 1864; served with the company until the regi- ment was mustered out, when he was transferred to Company C, Sixteenth Illinois Infantry. He was mustered out with that regi- ment July 8, 1865, at Louisville, Ky . 470 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. CHAPTER XXXV. Company I was enrolled by William H. Marble under date of August i, 1862, in that part of Fulton county bordering on the Illinois river. The records of the company show that they were carelessly kept, and are very defective in many respects. The company was organized at Marble's mills by the election of the following commissioned officers: Wil- liam H. Marble, captain; David M. Holstead, first lieu- tenant, and Hugh McHugh, second lieutenant. One man was killed in action, and 12 were wounded who lived beyond the close of the war, 4 officers re- signed, 2 were mustered out with the regiment and one was promoted, 18 men were discharged, n died of dis- ease, 5 were transferred and 21 returned home at the close of the war. In the individual sketches which follow an attempt is made to give a concise statement of the history of each member of the company, each of whom may look back with pride upon the results of the war, and rejoice in the fact that it was his privilege to bear an honorable part in the great struggle for freedom. THE COMPANY ROSTER. CAPTAIN WILLIAM H. MARBLE was born at Albion, Kenne- beck county, Maine, in 1837, and was married and residing at Marbletown, Fulton county, Illinois, when he recruited the com- pany which became Company I of the Eighty-fifth. At the organi- zation of the company he was elected captain, and commanded it through the Kentucky and Murfreesboro campaigns. He resigned his commission at Nashville, Tenn., April 9, 1863 for disability, ROSTER OF COMPANY I. 471 and went home. The writer has been unable to learn anything concerning him since he left the regiment. CAPTAIN DAVID M. HOLSTBAD was born at Vienna, Oneida county, New York, July 10, 1837, removed to Illinois in 1856, was married, and a brickmaker at Havana when he enlisted. He was elected first lieutenant at the organization of the company; served through the Kentucky campaign, and was promoted captain April 9, 1863. He commanded the company through the Tennessee cam- paign, which ended in the battle of Chickamauga, Ga., September 19-20, 1863, where he was slightly wounded. He resigned for dis- ability on October 7, 1863, and returned to Illinois. He resided at Keithsburg, 111., from 1873 to 1892, when he removed to Clayton, Adams county, Illinois, where he now resides. CAPTAIN ALBERT O. COLLINS was born in Knox county, Ohio, July 16, 1836, removed to Illinois in 1856, was married and a farmer when he enlisted from Sheldon's Grove. At the organiza- tion of the company he was chosen first sergeant, and promoted second lieutenant at Nashville, Tenn., April 9, 1863. He was pro- moted to be captain October 7, 1863; commanded the company until the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regi- ment. After the close of the war he removed to Missouri, where he was engaged in farming until 1873, when he removed to Cali- fornia. Since 1873 he has been engaged in farming and stock raising near Laws, Inyo county, California. He was married in Illinois in 1861; has five children, three sons and two daughters, all grown and doing for themselves. FIRST LIEUTENANT ALBERT P. BRITT enlisted from Mason City, 111., in Company E, Twenty-seventh Illinois Infantry, August 12, 1861, and at the organization of that company was chosen sergeant. He served with his company until promoted second lieutenant of Company I, February 9, 1863, and on June 2, 1863, he was promoted to be first lieutenant. He served with his company until October 27, 1863, when he resigned his commission and retired to private life. He died March 7, 1877. FIRST LIEUTENANT PRESTON C. HUDSON promoted adju- tant. (See field and staff.) FIRST LIEUTENANT EDMUND CURLESS, aged thirty-one, married, farmer, born in Fulton county, Illinois, and enlisted from Kerton. He was appointed wagoner at the organization of the 472 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. company; served until the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He was promoted to be first lieutenant July 23, 1864, and was mustered out with that rank. At the close of his service he returned to Illinois, resumed farming, and died near Bluff City, 111., September 3, 1894. SE5COND LIEUTENANT HUGH McHUGH was born in Chester county, Pennsylvania, but had removed to Illinois, and was a mar- ried farmer when he enlisted from Kerton, in Fulton county, at the age of forty-five. He was elected second lieutenant at the organization of the company; served through the Kentucky and Mnrfreesboro campaigns, and resigned on account of failing health at Nashville, Tenn., February 9, 1863. Returning to Illinois, he engaged in farming until 1884, when he removed to Kansas. He died at Independence, in Montgomery county, March 20, 1896, the Grand Army post officiating at his funeral. He left two sons Robert and Stephen, but their address is unknown to the writer. FIRST SERGEANT ROBERT MULLICA, aged twenty-four, married, farmer, born in Coles county, Missouri, and enlisted from Duncan's Mills, Fulton county, Illinois. He served with his com- pany through all the campaigns in which the regiment was en- gaged; was promoted from fifth sergeant, to which position he was chosen at the organization of the company, to be first sergeant, and was mustered out with the regiment. He is a merchant and resides at Duncan's Mills, Fulton county, Illinois. SERGEANT ABRAHAM A. CAMERON, aged forty-one, mar- ried, stonecutter, born in Pennsylvania, and enlisted from Sum- mum, Fulton county, Illinois. He served with his company until July 31, 1864, when he was transferred to the engineer corps. Nothing is known of his subsequent career. SERGEANT LABAN V. TARTER, aged twenty-four, single, farmer, born in Clay county, Illinois, and enlisted from Berna- dotte, Fulton county. He was wounded at the battle of Perryville, Ky., October 8, 1862, by a gun shot through the thigh and was discharged for disability July 21, 1864. Returned to Illinois; was married three times, and went to California, where he died in about 1893. SERGEANT JOHN E. RENO was born at Fredericksburg, Harrison county, Indiana, October 28, 1837, and with his parents removed to Illinois in 1844. He enlisted from Marietta, Fulton ROSTER OF COMPANY I. 473 county, Illinois, as a farmer; was chosen sergeant at the organi- zation of the company, and was slightly wounded at the battle of Chickamauga, Ga. He served to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He was promoted first sergeant August 15, 1864, but the muster out roll failed to give him this rank. He is a farmer; has been school director for eighteen years, and resides at Table Grove, 111. SERGEANT LEONIDAS COLLINS was born in Coshocton county, Ohio, July 3, 1841, removed to Illinois in 1861, settled on a farm in Fulton county, and enlisted from Kerton. He was chosen corporal at the organization of the company; promoted sergeant, and served with his company until August 28, 1864, when he was transferred to the engineer corps. He served in that organization to the close of the war, and was mustered out at Nashville, Tenn., July 1, 1865. He removed to Missouri in 1868, and is a prosperous farmer in Putnam county. His address is St. John, Mo. SERGEANT JAMES MOSLANDER, aged twenty-three, single, farmer, born in Virginia, and enlisted from Summum, 111. He was chosen corporal at the organization of the company; was wounded at the battle of Perry ville, Ky., October 8, 1862; promoted ser- geant; served with his company to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He resides at Havana, 111. SERGEANT NEAL P. HUGHES, aged twenty-five, married, farmer, born in Holmes county, Ohio, removed to Illinois and en- listed from Summum, 111. He served with his company until the close of the war; was promoted to sergeant; wounded at the battle of Jonesboro, Ga., September 1, 1864, and was mustered out with the regiment. He resumed farming upon his return from the war, and died near Summum, 111., October 3, 1879. SERGEANT LEMUEL WELKER was born in Knox county, Ohio, August 20, 1835, removed to Illinois in 1857, and enlisted as a farmer from Summum. He served with his company until the close of the war; was promoted sergeant; was wounded at the battle of Chickamauga, Ga., and was mustered out with the regi- ment. He resumed farming upon his return and died near As- toria, 111., April 2, 1899. CORPORAL JEREMIAH COKLEY, aged twenty-three, single, farmer, born in Hocking county. Ohio, removed to Illinois, and en- listed from Bernadotte; was chosen corporal at the organization of 29 474 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. the company; served through the Kentucky campaign, and was discharged for disability at Nashville, Tenn. Date unknown. CORPORAL WILLIAM LANDON was born in Fulton county, Illinois, April 27, 1841, farmer, and enlisted from Duncan's Mills. He was chosen corporal at the organization of the company; served to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regi- ment. He is farming near Ponca City, Kay county, Oklahoma. CORPORAL JOHN W. BELLES, aged twenty-one, farmer, born in Arkansas, and enlisted from Duncan's Mills, 111. He served until the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. Is said to be living at Cedarvale, Chautauqua county, Kansas. CORPORAL AZARIAH THOMAS, aged thirty-one, farmer, born in Fayette county, Ohio, and enlisted from Duncan's Mills, 111. He was chosen corporal at the organization of the company, and was transferred to Company K, Sixtieth Illinois Infantry, but no date of transfer is given. He was mustered out July 13, 1865. He is said to be living near Havana, 111. CORPORAL CHARLES G. MATTHEWS was born in Fulton county, Illinois, May 2, 1843, was a farmer, and enlisted from Duncan's Mills, 111. He was chosen corporal at the organization of the company, was slightly wounded in the assault on Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864, served to the close of the war, Mountain, June 27, 1864, served to the close of the war and was mustered out with the regiment. Removed to Kansas in 1892, and to Oklahoma in 1898. Is farming at Renfrew, in Grant county. CORPORAL MILO BUTLER, aged twenty-nine, single, farmer, born in Coshocton county, Ohio; removed to Illinois, and enlisted from Kerton. He was chosen corporal at the organization of the company; served to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. CORPORAL WILLIAM A. GRAHAM, aged twenty-three, sin- gle, farmer, born in Washington, Fayette county, Ohio, and en- listed from Duncan's Mills, 111. He was promoted to be corporal; served with his company to the close of the war, and was mus- tered out with the regiment. CORPORAL SOLOMON MARKEL, aged thirty-two, married, farmer, born in York county, Pennsylvania; removed to Illinois and enlisted at Duncan's Mills. He was promoted corporal; served with his company to the close of the war, and was mus- ROSTER OF COMPANY I. 475 teed out with the regiment. A few years since he was living at Goodland, Sherman county, Kansas, but his present address is unknown. CORPORAL ISAAC RICHARDSON was born at Warsaw, Cos- hocton, county, Ohio, May 6, 1831; removed to Illinois in 1858, was married and a farmer when he enlisted from Summum. He was promoted corporal; served to the close of the war, and was mus- tered out with the regiment. Since the war he has been engaged in farming and resides near Bluff City, Schuyler county, Illinois. CORPORAL JOHN TRAYER, aged forty-three, married, farmer; enlisted from Summum, 111. Was promoted corporal! served with his company to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He died near Lewistown, 111., April 24, 1897. CORPORAL JOHN WATSON was born near Frankfort, Frank- lin county, Kentucky, December 15, 1837; removed to Indiana in 1838, and to Illinois in 1845. He was a boatman when he enlisted from Havana. He was promoted corporal; served with his com- pany to the close of the war, was slightly wounded at the battle of Perryville, Kentucky, October 8, 1862, and at Kennesaw Moun- tain, Georgia, June 27, 1864, and was mustered out with the regi- ment. He is a carpenter and builder, and resides at 807 Millman street, Peoria, 111. MUSICIAN THOMAS BURBIGE, aged eighteen, farmer, born in Illinois, and enlisted from Manito, in Mason county. He was appointed musician; served through the Kentucky campaign, and died at Nashville, Tenn., January 1, 1863. Is buried at No. 5754, in the national cemetery near that city. MUSICIAN WILLIAM McCAUSLAND, aged eighteen, black- smith, born in Fulton county, Illinois, and enlisted from Kerton. He served through the Kentucky campaign, and was discharged for disability at Nashville, Tenn., in February, 1863. Resides in Havana, 111. LINCOLN AMSDEN, aged forty-three, single, farmer, born in Framingham, Middlesex, county, Massachusetts; removed to Illi- nois, and enlisted from Kerton. He was discharged at Louisville, Ky., for disability, but the date of his discharge does not appear on the records. 476 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. WILLIAM BELLES, aged twenty-three, married, farmer, born in Missouri, and enlisted from Otto, Fulton county, Illinois. He served until the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. ZEBULON BRANSON, aged forty; enlisted from Otto, 111. Deserted. So says the report of the adjutant general of Illinois, but it does not show that he was ever mustered into the service. The fact is that he enlisted as a private August 15, 1862, in Com- pany I, One Hundred and Third Illinois Infantry, and was mus- tered into the service October 2, 1862. He was promoted second lieutenant of his company February 4, 1863, and was killed in the assault on Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864. When the writer learned of this record, he wrote to the adjutant general of Illinois, asking if something could not be done to render jus- tice to the memory of this soldier who died fighting valiantly for his country, but that officer did not appear willing to do anything. JACOB H. BETHMAN, deserted; time and place not given. JOHN COKLEY, aged twenty-one, farmer, born in Hocking county, Ohio, and enlisted from Bernadotte, 111. He served through the Kentucky campaign, and died at Nashville, Tenn., January 18, 1863. CHARLES CAIN, aged twenty-eight, single, farmer, born in Edinburgh, Scotland; emigrated to America, settled in Mason county, and enlisted from Havana, 111. He served through the Kentucky campaign, and died at Nashville, Tenn. The adjutant general's report says, "Discharged July 31, 1864." But the super- intendent of the national cemetery at Nashville claims that he is buried at No. 11140, in the cemetery under his charge. FILROY CODMER, deserted, but neither time nor place is given. GEORGE DINGLES, aged forty-three, married, blacksmith, born in Schuylkill county, Pennsylvania, and enlisted from Bath, Mason county, Illinois. He served until the close of the war, and the fact that he was mustered out June 22, 1865, seems to indicate that he had been sick, detached or a prisoner, when the regiment was mustered out. THOMAS FRAZEE, aged twenty-three, married, farmer; en- listed from Kerton, 111., and served through the Kentucky cam- paign. He died in the general hospital at Nashville, Tenn., Janu- ROSTER OF COMPANY I. 477 ary 1, 1863, and is buried at No. 5092, in the national cemetery near that city. HENRY FATCHCRAFT, aged twenty-one, farmer, born in St. Louis county, Missouri, and enlisted from Otto, 111. He served until the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regi- ment. JOHN D. FANTIN appears to have been mustered in, but no further record. SANFORD GILSON, aged twenty-one, farmer, born in Fulton county, Illinois, and enlisted from Otto. He served through the Kentucky campaign, and was discharged from the general hos- pital at Nashville, Tenn., in March, 1863. He returned to Illinois, and is said to be living at Ipava. JOSEPH E. GRAFF, aged nineteen, farmer, born in Lancas- ter county Pennsylvania, and enlisted from Washington, 111. He served until the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. VINSON GRAY, aged thirty-two, married, farmer; enlisted from Duncan's Mills. Served through the Kentucky campaign, and was discharged at Nashville, Tenn., but the date of his dis- charge nowhere appears. ISAAC HORTON, aged twenty-eight, married, farmer, born in Coshocton county, Ohio, and enlisted from Summum, 111. Was discharged for disability at Louisville, Ky., in October, 1862. WILSON HUGHES, aged thirty-six* married, farmer, born in Virginia, and enlisted from Otto, 111. Served through the Ken- tucky campaign until the command arrived at Bowling Green, where he was sent to the hospital, and died in November, 1862. JOSIAH HALE, aged twenty-one, farmer, born in Madison county, Ohio, and enlisted from Otto, 111. Served with his com- pany until captured near the close of the war, was exchanged, and honorably discharged June 19, 1865. He resides near Summum, Fulton county, Illinois. JOHN Q. HOLMES was born in Lawrence county, Indiana, November 14, 1825; removed to Illinois in 1848, was married, and a farmer when he enlisted from Otto, 111. He served through the Kentucky campaign, and was transferred to the Veteran Reserve corps at Nashville, Tenn., in 1863, and served in that organization 478 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. at Rock Island and Chicago, 111., until the close of the war. He was mustered out at Chicago, 111., July 1, 1865. He was justice of the peace, tax collector, and served as assessor three terms, after his return to Illinois. He removed to Kansas in 1891, and engaged in farming in Sumner county, and resides at South Haven, in that county. THOMAS HASKEY, born in England; deserted at Louisville, Kentucky. BENJAMIN JONES, deserted. SYLVESTER KELLER, aged twenty-one, farmer, born in Cuba, Fulton county, Illinois, and enlisted from Bernadotte. He served with his company until the close of the war, and was mus- tered out with the regiment. He died in July, 1893. JOHN KYRO, deserted. JOHN LAPOOL was born in Strongstown, Indiana county, Pennsylvania, December 24, 1839; removed to Illinois in 1859, and was farming in Fulton county when he enlisted from Kerton. He served with his company until the close of the war, and was mus- tered out with the regiment. He settled on a farm in West Vir- ginia at the close of his service, and now resides at Laclede, Cab- ell county, West Virginia. WILLIAM LOVELL, deserted. SAMUEL LOW, deserted. WILLIAM MINNER was born at Walhonding, Coshocton county, Ohio, September 5, 1840; removed with his parents to Illi- nois in 1846, and was farming near Summum when he enlisted. He was wounded at the battle of Perryville, Ky., October 8, 1862, and was honorably discharged in March, 1864. Soon after his dis- charge he removed to Montana, and engaged in farming near Big Timber, in Short Grass county, but was living at Sheridan, Wyo., when he died in 1898. JOHN MINNER was born in Walhonding, Coshocton county, Ohio, June 4, 1842; removed with his parents to Illinois in 1846, and was farming in Fulton county when he enlisted as a recruit from Summum, February 8, 1864. He was slightly wounded in the fighting near the Sandtown road, in the campaign against Atlanta, Ga., and is marked absent without leave at the muster out of the ROSTER OF COMPANY I. 479 regiment. He removed to Montana in 1886, is engaged in farming and stock raising near Rockvale, in Carbon county, Montana. ELLIS MOORE was born in Green county, Illinois, April 12, 1845, and was farming near Havana, in Mason county, when lie enlisted as a recruit, January 5, 1864. He served with his com- pany until wounded in the assault on the enemy's works at Jones- boro, Ga., September 1, 1864, and was absent (sick) at the muster out of the regiment. He was honorably discharged at Camp But- ler, 111., June 8, 1865, and returned to Illinois. In 1886 he removed to Kansas and engaged in farming in Chautauqua county, his address being Sedan, Chautauqua county, Kansas. JOSEPH E. MOORE, aged twenty-one, farmer, born in Mis- souri, and enlisted from Kerton, 111. He served with his company until the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regi- ment. He is reported to have died April 4, 1895. EDWARD McCROSKEY, aged twenty-one, farmer, born on Salt creek, Decatur county, Indiana, and enlisted from Duncan's Mills, 111. He served in the Kentucky campaign until the com- mand reached Bowling Green, where he fell sick and died in December, 1862. WILLIAM H. PHILLIPS, aged twenty-one, farmer, born in Coles county, Illinois, and enlisted from Summum, in Fulton county. Served with his company until February 11, 1864, when he was transferred to the engineer corps. He is reported to be living at Vermont, in Fulton county, Illinois. JAMES H. PIERCY, deserted. EBEN PAUL, aged 'twenty-two; enlisted from Summum. Served with his company until February 3, 1863, when he was discharged for disability. SAMUEL PAUL, aged twenty-five; enlisted from Summum. Served with his company until February 3, 1863, when he was dis- charged for disability. THOMAS J. ROYES, aged twenty-three, single, farmer, born in Adams county, Ohio; enlisted from Summum, in Fulton county, Illinois, and the record says, "Discharged in October, 1862." In fact, he died October 18, 1862, and is buried at No. 835, in the national cemetery at Cave Hill, near Louisville, Ky. 480 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. GEORGE W. RITSWOLD, deserted. THOMAS RAMSEY, deserted. THOMAS J. STATTS, deserted. GEORGE SANDERS, deserted. MILTON STODDARD, aged thirty-four, married, farmer; en- listed from Bernadotte, 111. Served through the Kentucky cam- paign, and died at Nashville, Tenn., March 25, 1863. Is buried at No. 265, in the national cemetery near that city. WILLIAM H. SMITH, deserted. CHARLES G. SWIFT, aged thirty-seven; place of enlistment not stated. Served with his company until July 31, 1864, when, according to the adjutant general's report, he was discharged. But as a matter of fact, he died at Louisville, Ky., January 19, 1864, and is buried at No. 1863, in the national cemetery at Cave Hill, near that city. COLAND STEWART, deserted. WILLIAM D. SPENT, deserted. GEORGE TYRA, aged twenty-eight, married, blacksmith, born in Kentucky, and enlisted from Duncan's Mills, 111. Served until the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. OLIVER TRAPP, aged thirty-one, married, cooper; enlisted from Otto, 111. Served through the Kentucky campaign, and died at Nashville, Tenn., February 9, 1863. . Is buried at No. 6443, in the national cemetery near that place. AUSTIN WALKER, aged thirty-one, single, farmer, born in Fulton county, Illinois, and enlisted from Duncan's Mills. Served with his company until killed in the assault on Kennesaw Moun- tain, Georgia, June 27, 1864. His remains are buried at No. 8758, in the national cemetery at Marietta, Ga. ALBERT WINCHELL, aged twenty-one, farmer, born in Ful- ton county, Illinois, and enlisted from Duncan's Mills. Served with his company through the Kentucky campaign, and was dis- charged for disability at Nashville, Tenn., in August, 1863. ROSTER OF COMPANY I. 481 JASPER WILCOX, opposite his name on the muster-out roll is written the word died. Date of birth, place of residence at enlistment, and date and place of death are omitted. WILLIAM MARKLEY, enlisted from Summum, and was dis- charged in October, 1862. That is all the record discloses relating to this soldier. JOHN H. MOORE, enlisted from Vermont, Fulton county, Illi- nois, January 5, 1864, and was discharged May 13, 1865. That appears to be all they had time to write about him. WILLIAM OSBORN; this name stands upon the muster-out roll without any comment whatever. 482 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. CHAPTER XXXVI. Company K was enrolled by Dr. Robert G. Rider at Topeka, in Mason county, between July 18 and August 17, 1862. The men were mostly farmers from Mason county, although Iroquois, McDonough, Peoria, Ste- phenson, Tazewell and Will counties were represented in its ranks. At the organization of the company the following commissioned officers were elected : Dr. Robert G. Rider, captain ; Samuel Yates, first lieutenant, and Isaac C. Short, second lieutenant. Of the 89 officers and men of which this company was composed, 22 were hit with shot or shell, 4 of whom were killed in action, while 18 lived to be discharged or mustered out, i officer resigned, 29 men died of disease, 14 were discharged for disability incident to their hard service, 5 were transferred to other organizations, and 45 were present at the final muster out. From first to last the company was ably commanded, and being one of the skirmish companies was well drilled in that special drill in addition to the usual drill of the others. The men were above the average in intelli- gence, and the surviving members of the company may justly feel proud of the part it bore in its three years' ser- vice, and all may rejoice in the fact that they did their full share in the overthrow of the slave-holders' rebel- lion. THE COMPANY ROSTER. CAPTAIN ROBERT G. RIDER (promoted major. See field and staff). CAPTAIN SAMUEL YATES was born in Fletcher, Miami county, Ohio, in 1831, removed to Illinois, was married and a ROSTER OF COMPANY K. 483 wheelwright when he enlisted from Topeka, in Mason county. He had been active in recruiting, and at the organization of the com- pany was elected first lieutenant. He served in that capacity through the Kentucky campaign and was promoted captain at Nashville, Tenn., April 6, 1863. From this time until the close of the war he commanded the company, and was mustered out with the regiment. At the close of his service he returned to Topeka and resumed work at his trade, but was killed by a boiler explo- sion within a few years of the close of the war. FIRST LIEUTENANT ISAAC C. SHORT was born in Page county, Virginia, November 21, 1831, removed to Illinois in 1860, and settled on a farm in Mason county. He enlisted from Topeka and probably recruited more men for Company K than any other one man. He was elected second lieutenant at the organization of the company; served through the Kentucky campaign, and was promoted first lieutenant April 6, 1863, at Nashville, Tenn. He served with his company until the close of the war and was mus- tered out with the regiment. He removed to Missouri in October, 1865, where he engaged in farming and engineering. He served as marshal of Montgomery City for seven years, and now resides at Old Orchard, Saint Louis county, Missouri. SECOND LIEUTENANT ELI F. NEIKIRK enlisted as a pri- vate; served through the Kentucky campaign, and at Nashville, Tenn., he was promoted second lieutenant under date of April 6, 1863. He served in that position until November 4, 1864, when he resigned on account of failing health. Returning to Illinois he engaged in business as a merchant at Forest City, where he died in about 1880. FIRST SERGEANT ROBERT F. REASON, aged twenty-three, single, farmer, born in Waynesville, Warren county, Ohio, and enlisted from Havana, 111.; was chosen first sergeant at the organ- ization of the company, but fell sick at Louisville, Ky., and died October 22, 1862. His remains are buried at No. 863 in the hal- lowed ground of the national cemetery at Cave Hill near Louis- ville, Ky. FIRST SERGEANT JOHN N. HOLE, aged thirty-two, single, clerk, born at Salem, Washington county, Indiana, and enlisted from Havana, 111. He was chosen second sergeant at the organi- zation of the company; promoted first sergeant; served through the Kentucky campaign, and was discharged for disability at 484 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. Nashville, Tenn., February 3, 1863. Returning to Illinois he be- came a merchant in Bath; removed to Belvidere, Neb., where he sold goods for several years, and then removed to Norton, Norton county, Kansas, where he was a merchant when he died a few years since. FIRST SERGEANT SMITH B. HORSEY, aged twenty-seven, single, minister, born in Circleville, Pickaway county, Ohio, re- moved to Illinois, and enlisted from Forest City as a private. He served through the Kentucky campaign, and at Nashville, Tenn., was promoted first sergeant. In this position he served with his company until killed in the battle of Jonesboro, Ga., September 1, 1864. Is buried at No. 3285 in the national cemetery at Marietta, Georgia. FIRST SERGEANT WILLIAM H. HOLE was born in Salem, Washington county, Indiana, April 13, 1836, removed to Illinois in 1856, and settled on a farm in Mason county. He enlisted from Havana, and was chosen sergeant at the organization of the com- pany; served through all the campaigns in which the regiment was engaged; was promoted first sergeant at Jonesboro, Ga., and was mustered out with the regiment. At the close of his service he returned to Illinois, and is among the prosperous farmers of Mason county. He resides at Mason City, 111. SERGEANT JOHN S. WALKER, aged twenty-one, single, farmer, born in Shelby ville, Shelby county, Indiana; removed to Illinois, and enlisted from Havana. He served with his company until discharged at Chattanooga, Tenn., May 20, 1864, for disabil- ity. Upon returning to Illinois he read medicine and began to practice at Forest City, where he died, but the date of his death is unknown to the writer. SERGEANT A. A. CARRINGTON was born in Mount Carmel, Fleming county, Kentucky, in 1836; removed to Illinois, and was farming in Mason county when he enlisted from Topeka. He was chosen sergeant at the organization of the company; served with his company through all the campaigns in which the regiment was engaged, and was mustered out with the regiment. Upon his re- turn to Illinois he resumed farming, and now resides at Manito, Illinois. SERGEANT WILLIAM MASTERSON, aged twenty-two, sin- gle, farmer, born in Hagerstown, Wayne county, Indiana, and en- ROSTER OF COMPANY K. 485 listed from Forest City, 111. He was transferred to the Fourth United States Cavalry at Nashville, Tenn., December 1, 1862. His subsequent career is unknown. SERGEANT CHARLES POND was born in Menard county, Illinois, Novem'ber 9, 1841, and enlisted from Pekin, in Tazewell county. He was appointed wagoner, but was mounted and served two years of his term at brigade and division headquarters. He was wounded at the battle of Jonesboro, Ga., but soon returned to duty; was promoted sergeant, and at the close of the war was mus- tered out with the regiment. He returned to Illinois, married Rebecca A. Shu'bert at Havana in 1866, and in 1869 removed to Nebraska. He is a prosperous farmer in Richardson county, and resides near Shu'bert, Neb. SERGEANT CHARLES ERICK was born in the Kingdom of Sweden, October 10, 1834, emigrated to Illinois in 1854, and was a . farmer when he enlisted from Havana. He was promoted ser- geant August 1, 1864; served through all the campaigns in which the command was engaged, and was mustered out with the regi- ment. He removed to Iowa and engaged in farming in Henry county, where he owns his land. He now writes his name Charles E. Hult, and his address is Swedesburgh, Henry county, Iowa. SERGEANT ADAM J. HIMMILL, aged twenty-one, farmer, born in Baden, Germany, emigrated to Illinois, and enlisted from Topeka. He was promoted sergeant; served until the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. Upon returning to Illinois he engaged in farming near Topeka, where he committed suicide in a*bout 1867. CORPORAL THOMAS JEMMISON, aged nineteen, farmer, born in Jefferson City, Mo., and enlisted from Havana, 111. Was chosen corporal at the organization of the company; served through the Kentucky campaign, and died at Nashville, Tenn., December 20, 1862. Is buried at No. 6069 in the national cemetery near that city. CORPORAL JOSEPH BODLE, aged thirty, farmer, enlisted from Havana, 111.; was chosen corporal at the organization of the company; served to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He removed to Nebraska in 1875, and engaged in farming near Pawnee City, and died there in 1892. 486 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. CORPORAL WILLIAM K. ROSE, aged thirty-two, was chosen corporal at the organization of the company; served until sent to the hospital at Danville, Ky., where he died November 8, 1862. Is buried at No. 47 in the national cemetery at that place. CORPORAL JOHN M. DURHAM, aged thirty-two, was chosen corporal at the organization of the company, and served until the command reached Bowling Green, Ky., when he was sent to the hospital, and died there January 22, 1863. His remains are buried at No. 10526 in the national cemetery at Nashville, Tenn. CORPORAL ROMEO MAGILL, aged twenty-one, farmer, born in Springfield, 111., and enlisted from Topeka. Was chosen cor- poral at the organization of the company, and served until sent to the hospital at Danville, Ky., where he died December 8, 1862. Is buried at No. 302 in the national cemetery at that place. CORPORAL JAMES JIMMISON, aged twenty-one, farmer, born in Boundbrook, Somerset county, New Jersey, and enlisted from Havana, 111. Was chosen corporal at the organization of the com- pany, and served until killed in the assault on Kennesaw Moun- tain, Georgia, June 27, 1864. CORPORAL ORPHEUS AMES was born in Canton, Fulton county, Illinois, March 5, 1840, and was farming when he enlisted from Topeka, in Mason county. He was wounded at Buzzard Roost, Georgia, February 25, 1864, and again near Atlanta. Was promoted corporal, served to the close of the war, and was mus- tered out with the regiment. His arm is yet stiffened from the first wound. He is engaged in farming in Oklahoma, his address being Alba, Woods county, Oklahoma. CORPORAL GEORGE N. HOPPING was born in Aurora, Dear- born county, Indiana, December 19, 1843; removed with his par- ents to Illinois in 1851, and was a farmer when he enlisted from Topeka. He served with his company through all the campaigns in which the command was engaged; was promoted corporal, and was mustered out with the regiment. Returning to Illinois at the close of the war, he engaged in farming until 1890, when he re- moved to Nebraska. He is a prosperous and progressive farmer, and resides at Beaver City, Furnas county, Nebraska. CORPORAL GEORGE HETZELER was born in Germantowu, Montgomery county, Ohio, November 12, 1829, removed to Illinois in 1850, and settled at Bunker Hill, where he was farming when he ROSTER OF COMPANY K. 487 enlisted. He served with his company to the close of the war; was wounded at the assault on Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864; promoted to be corporal, and was mustered out with the regiment. He returned to his home at Bunker Hill, 111.; has been alderman of his town, and constable at Mason City, 111. He re- sides at Bunker Hill, Macoupin county, Illinois. CORPORAL WILLIAM H. MASSEY, aged twenty, farmer, was born in Hagerstown, Washington county, Maryland, removed to Illinois, and enlisted from Topeka. He served with his company until the close of the war, having in the meantime been promoted corporal, and was mustered out with the regiment. After the close of the war he removed to Missouri, and i* supposed to be living at or near Long Branch, Monroe county. CORPORAL CONRAD NUHN, aged twenty-four, single, farm- er, born in Germany, emigrated to Illinois, and enlisted from Gil- man, in Iroquois county. He served with his company until killed in the assault on Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864. Is buried at No. 9309 in the national cemetery at Marietta, Ga. CORPORAL ZIMRI N. THOMAS, aged twenty-one, clerk, born in Columbus, Fayette county, Indiana, and enlisted from Havana, 111. Was promoted corporal; slightly wounded in the fight at Buzzard Roost, Georgia, February 25, 1864; served to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. After the close of his service, he settled at Oxford, Benton county, Indiana, where he died within recent years. CORPORAL SOLOMON WEIDEMAN, aged twenty-one, farm- er, born in Switzerland, emigrated to Illinois, and enlisted from Topeka. He served with his company to the close of the war; was promoted corporal, and mustered out with the regiment. After the war he engaged in farming near Manito, 111., and was accident- ally killed in 1891 by his reaper running over him. CORPORAL WILLIAM H. WAGONER, aged twenty-one, farm- er, born in Fredericktown, Knox county, Ohio, removed to Illinois, and enlisted from Havana. He served with his company to the close of the war; was promoted corporal, and mustered out with the regiment. He is a farmer, and now resides at Olathe, Johnson county, Kansas. MUSICIAN JAMES B. DURDY (promoted principal musician. See field and staff). 488 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. MUSICIAN GEORGE HOAGLAND, aged thirty-three; served through the Kentucky campaign, and was discharged for disability at Nashville, Tenn., February 3, 1863. He settled at Topeka, 111., where he died in about 1868. CLARK N. ANDRUS (promoted adjutant. See field and staff). GEORGE ANDREWS, aged twenty-five, carpenter, born in Hessia, Germany, emigrated to Illinois, and enlisted from Wood- ford county. He appears to have been wounded while in the ser- vice, but the writer has been unable to fix the time and place. He served to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regi- ment. Is supposed to be dead. WILLIAM L. BECK was born in Piqua, Miami county, Ohio, April 23, 1844, removed with his parents to Illinois in 1855, and was farming near Mason City when he enlisted. He served with his company until the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He is now farming at Rogers, Benton county, Ar- kansas. WESLEY C. BLAKELEY, aged twenty-three, single, farmer, born in Havana, Mason county, Illinois, and enlisted from Topeka. He served through the Kentucky campaign, and died at Nashville, Tenn., March 7, 1863. Is buried at No. 887 in the national ceme- tery near that place. JOHN M. BARR, aged eighteen, farmer, born in Pekin, Taze- well county, Illinois, and enlisted from Havana. Served through the Kentucky campaign, and died at Nashville, Tenn., February 26, 1863, and is buried at No. 928 in the national cemetery near that place. JEFFERSON BOWERS, aged eighteen, farmer, born in Indian- apolis, Ind., and enlisted from Havana, 111. He was severely wounded at the battle of Perryville, Ky., October 8, 1862, and was discharged for disability at Louisville, Ky., February 28, 1863. He died in about 1896. NELSON BURR, aged twenty-seven, married, farmer, born in Jefferson county, New York, and enlisted from Peoria, 111. He served through the Kentucky campaign, and was transferred to the invalid corps at Nashville, Tenn., September 1, 1863. He was honorably discharged at the close of the war, and when last heard from was living at Knoxville, Tenn. ROSTER OF COMPANY K. 489 JOSEPH R. CHAPLAIN, aged twenty-one, farmer, born in Washington, Washington county, Pennsylvania, and enlisted from Havana, 111. He served until the close of the war, and was mus- tered out with the regiment. He was a brick layer, and resided until some two years ago at Parsons, Labette county, Kansas, but now resides at Everett, Snohomish county, Washington. DAVID B. COLGLAZIER, aged thirty-three, enlisted from Havana, 111.; served in the Kentucky campaign until the com- mand reached Danville, when he was sent to the hospital, and died December 9, 1862. His remains are buried at No. 337 in the na- tional cemetery at Danville, Ky. GEORGE H. COTTRELL, aged nineteen, farmer, born in Peoria, 111., and enlisted from Forest City. Adjutant general's re- port says: "Supposed dead. Last heard from at Harrodsburg, Ky., October , 1862." His surviving comrades say "That he fell sick just after the battle of Perryville, Ky., and was cared for at a farm house. While convalescing he over ate, and died in a relapse." ROBERT L. DURDY (promoted principal musician. See field and staff). GEORGE DRAKE was born in Plainfield, Union county, New Jersey, April 5, 1846, and removed with his parents to Illinois in 1852. He enlisted from Topeka; served through the Kentucky campaign, and at Nashville, Tenn., was detailed for two months to man the heavy artillery in the defenses. Was for a time mounted at brigade headquarters, but returned to his company, and was twice wounded on the Atlanta campaign once at Kenne- saw Mountain, June 27, 1864, and again in the fight for the Sand- town road. He served until the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. After the end of his service he learned the blacksmith's trade, and in 1874 removed to Iowa, where he has since conducted that business. He resides at Clinton, Clinton county, Iowa. WILLIAM H. EVANS, aged twenty-three, born in St. Clairs- ville, Belmont county, Ohio, and enlisted from Havana, 111. Served through the Kentucky campaign, and was discharged for disabil- ity at Edgefield, Tenn., November 25, 1862. JACOB ELLER, aged twenty-four, single, farmer, born in Ger- many, and enlisted from Groveland, Tazewell county, Illinois. He 490 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. served until the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He is supposed to be dead. ISAAC FOUNTAIN was born in Spalding, Lincolnshire, Eng- land, March 26, 1838, emigrated to Illinois in 1859, was married and a farmer when he enlisted from Forest City. He served with his company until the close of the war; was twice wounded once in the battle of Perryville, Ky., October 8, 1862, and again in the fight at Buzzard Roost, Georgia, February 25, 1864. He was mus- tered out with the regiment, and in 1874 he removed to Nebraska and engaged in farming in Franklin county. Has been assessor, and for fourteen years a notary public. His address is Upland, Franklin county, Nebraska. JOHN FRANK, aged eighteen, farmer, born in Germany, emi- grated to Illinois, and enlisted from Mason City. He served to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He resides at Chaflin, Barton county, Kansas. WILLIAM' GURNBELL, aged twenty-four, single, farmer, born in Germany, emigrated to Illinois, and enlisted from Forest City. He served to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. Was farming near Warsaw, 111., where he died Febru- ary 15, 1890. BENJAMIN H. GROVER, aged twenty-one, farmer, born in Stark county, Ohio, and enlisted from Topeka, 111. He served in the Kentucky campaign until the regiment reached Bowling Green, where he fell sick and died January 5, 1863. Is buried at No. 10909 in the national cemetery at Nashville, Tenn. ABNER D. GRIFFIN, aged twenty-six, single, farmer, born in Piqua, Miami county, Ohio, and enlisted from Mason City, 111. He served through the Kentucky campaign, and died at Nashville, Tenn., December 19, 1862. Is buried at No. 4322 in the national cemetery near that place. ISAAC N. GRIFFIN, aged eighteen, farmer, born at Way, Miami county, Ohio, and enlisted from Mason City, 111. He served until the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regi- ment. He died February 2, 1891. ROBERT C. GARRISON, aged eighteen, farmer, born at Cape May, N. J., and enlisted from Mason City, 111. He served with his company until killed in the fight at Buzzard Roost, Georgia, Feb- ruary 25, 1864. ROSTER OF COMPANY K. 491 JAMES GRANT, aged twenty-three, single, farmer, born in Albany, N. Y., and enlisted from Secor, Woodford county, Illinois. He died at Peoria, 111., September 8, 1862, his being the first death in the regiment. BENJAMIN HIBBS, aged twenty-eight, single, farmer, born at Catawassa, Columbia county, Pennsylvania, and enlisted from Havana, 111. He served until the close of the war, and was mus- tered out with the regiment. Was a farmer near Poplar City, 111., where he died in about 1890. CHARLES E. HITCHCOCK, aged eighteen, farmer, born at Zanesville, Muskingum county, Ohio, and enlisted from Havana, 111. He served through the Kentucky campaign and was dis- charged for disability at Nashville, Tenn., February 3, 1863. Was living in Los Angeles, Cal., until about a year ago. Is supposed to be in Arizona. EPHRAIM HOPPING was born near Aurora, Dearborn county, Indiana, April 29, 1846, removed with his parents to Illinois in 1860, and enlisted from Topeka. He served until the close of the war, but was absent (sick) when the regiment was mustered out. He was honorably discharged from the hospital at Camp Butler, 111., but never entirely regained his health. He spent some twenty years in the South, and was living at Little Rock, Ark., at the time of his death, which occurred in July, 1896. DANIEL T. JONESON, aged thirty, single, farmer, born in Berrytown, Kent county, Delaware, and enlisted from Havana, 111. He served until captured, probably about Chattanooga, Tenn., but time and place are unknown, and died in Libby prison at Rich- mond, Va., February 4, 1864. He is supposed to be buried among the unknown dead in the national cemetery at Richmond, Va. WILLIAM H. JIMMISON, aged twenty-five, single, farmer, born in Rockport, Mo., and enlisted from Havana, 111. He served until the regiment reached Bowling Green, Ky., when he was sent to the hospital and was discharged for disability January 1, 1863. The pension office reports his death, but gives neither date nor place. JOSEPH E. JACKSON was born in St. Petersburg, Clarion county, Pennsylvania, October 30, 1844, removed with his parents to Illinois in 1852, and was farming when he enlisted from Topeka. He served to the close of the war, and was mustered out with the 492 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. regiment. He was slightly wounded at the battle of Murfreesboro, Tenn. He is engaged in farming near Miami, in the Indian Ter- ritory. JAMBS A. KBLSOE, aged twenty-five, married, farmer, born in Canton, Fulton county, Illinois; enlisted from Peoria; served through the Kentucky campaign, and was transferred to the in- valid corps at Nashville, Tenn., September 1, 1863. Was honor- ably discharged, and was living near Hesston, Harvey county, Kansas, when last heard from. WILLIAM McKILLIP, aged eighteen, farmer, born at Liberty, Union county, Indiana, and enlisted from Havana, 111. He served through the Kentucky campaign, and was discharged at Benton barracks, Missouri, for disability, February 24, 1863. He is said to be living at Belvidere, Thayer county, Nebraska. HENRY F. MOHLENBRINK was born in Hanover, Germany, January 13, 1843, emigrated with his parents to Illinois in 1849, and was a clerk when he enlisted from Havana, 111. He served with his company to the close of the war; was twice wounded once at the assault on Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864, and again near Atlanta, Ga., and was mustered out with the regi- ment. Since the war he has served as township trustee and as assessor. He removed to Kansas in 1879 and engaged in farming in Marshall county and in 1898 removed to Oklahoma, and is farm- ing near Cropper, Garfield county, Oklahoma. FRITZE MOHLENBRINK, cousin of above, was born in Han- over, Germany, in 1843, emigrated to Illinois, and enlisted from Havana. He served until the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. JOSIAH McKNIGHT was born in Piqua, Miami county, Ohio, May 24, 1843, removed with his parents to Illinois in 1849, and was a farmer when he enlisted from Mason City. He served with his company to the close of the war, but was severely wounded at Buzzard Roost, Georgia, February 25, 1864, by a gun shot through both thighs. He returned to duty and was mustered out with the regiment. He returned to his former home, and is a prominent farmer at Mason City, 111. LESTER N. MORRIS was born near Saint Paris, Champaign county, Ohio, February 15, 1844, removed with his parents to Illi- nois in 1856, and was a farmer when he enlisted from Topeka. He ROSTER OF COMPANY K. 493 served with his company until the close of the war; was slightly wounded at the battle of Stone River, and was mustered out with the regiment. Since the war ended he has engaged in farming and carpenter work, and is now janitor of the public school build- ing at Lincoln, Logan county, Illinois. ALFRED T. MORRIS, aged twenty-six, single, farmer, born in Carysville, Champaign county, Ohio, and enlisted from Peoria, 111. He served until the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. CHARLES MORRIS, aged twenty-two, single, farmer, born in Manchester, Adams county, Ohio, removed to Illinois, and enlisted from Topeka. He served to the close of the war, and was mus- tered out with the regiment. Is said to reside at Havana, 111. JACOB H. PRETTYMAN was born in Philadelphia, Pa., July 30, 1845, removed with his parents to Illinois in 1845, and enlisted from Havana. He served with his company until the close of the war; was wounded in the assault on Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864, and was mustered out with the regiment. At the close of his service he returned to Illinois, and is an architect and builder residing at Peoria. ADONIRAM ROBINSON was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, October 27, 1836, and removed with his parents to Illinois in 1851. He first enlisted from Havana, August 1, 1861, in Company A, Twenty- eighth Illinois Infantry, and was discharged for disability Novem- ber 9, 1861. He again enlisted from Havana, and served in Com- pany K until discharged for disability at Nashville, Tenn., Feb- ruary 3, 1863. He afterward enlisted and served in Company L, Twelfth Missouri Cavalry, until in 1866, when he was honorably discharged. He was a printer before the war and since has been a reporter on various papers. He settled in Elgin, 111., in 1885, and still regards that place as his home, but is now an inmate of the National Military Home at Leavenworth, Kan. JOHN RAKESTRAW, aged twenty-three, single, farmer, born in Warren county, Illinois, and enlisted from Havana. He died at Louisville, Ky., January 28, 1863. CHARLES P. RIDDLE, aged nineteen, farmer, born in Ger- many, emigrated to Illinois, and enlisted from Topeka. He fell sick on the Kentucky campaign; was sent to the hospital at Bowl- 494 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. ing Green, where he died November 27, 1862. Is buried at No. 10673 in the national cemetery at Nashville, Tenn. HORACE F. REASON was born in Waynesville, Warren coun- ty, Ohio, July 23, 1845, removed with his parents to Illinois in 1861, and enlisted from Havana. He served with his company until the last year of the war, when he was detached, and served as orderly at General Morgan's headquarters until mustered out with the regiment. Returning to Illinois he settled at Mason City, where he has been mayor, member of the county board for ten years, and is now a member of the county central committee. Address, Mason City, 111. WILLIAM RAMIGE was born in Mohawk, Herkimer county, New York, August 17, 1841, removed with his parents to Illinois in 1848, and was a farmer when he enlisted from Pekin. He served with his company until the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He removed to Iowa in 1875 and engaged in farming in Calhoun county. His address is Rockwell City, Cal- houn county, Iowa. ABRAM SHELABARGER was born in Lima, Allen county, Ohio, October 3, 1840, removed with his parents to Illinois in 1856, and enlisted as a farmer from Topeka. He served with his com- pany until the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He removed to Nebraska in 1877, and has been farm- ing in Furnas county ever since. His address is Beaver City, Neb. JOHN W. SHELABARGER, aged twenty, farmer, born in Lima, Allen county, Ohio, removed to Illinois with his parents, and enlisted from Topeka. He served with his company until cap- tured near Lee and Gordon's mills, Georgia, in the spring of 1864, was exchanged, returned to duty, and was mustered out with the regiment. He is farming near Pawnee City, Pawnee county, Ne- braska. JAMES A. STONE was born in Washington, Washington coun- ty, Pennsylvania, and was a farmer when he enlisted from Ha- vana, 111., at the age of twenty-one. He served with his company until captured near Leet's tanyard, Georgia, in the spring of 1864; was exchanged and honorably discharged May 12, 1865. He re- moved to Missouri soon after the close of the war, and is farming near Madison, in Monroe county. ROSTER OF COMPANY K. 495 MOSES SHAW, aged twenty-seven, enlisted from Havana, and died at Louisville, Ky., November 17, 1862. His remains are bur- ied in the national cemetery at Cave Hill, Kentucky, at No. 1047. HENRY SPILLMAN, aged twenty-one, single, farmer, born in Danville, Pa., and was farming when he enlisted from Topeka, 111. He served with his company to the close of the war, and was mus- tered out with the regiment. At the close of the war he returned to Illinois and resumed farming, but was a resident of Cheyenne county, Kansas, when he died October 9, 1887. JOHN SEIBENBORN, aged twenty-two, single, farmer, born in Germany, and enlisted from Topeka, 111. He served with his com- pany until he fell sick on the Atlanta campaign, and died in the field hospital at Dallas, Ga., May 28, 1864. MICHAEL SPEIGHT, aged twenty-one, farmer, born in Taze- well county, Illinois, and enlisted from Groveland. While on the Kentucky campaign, he was sent to the hospital at Harrodsburg, where he died October 30, 1862. Is buried at No. 359 in the na- tional cemetery at Camp Nelson, Ky. EVERARD TEGARD, aged nineteen, farmer; enlisted from Starfield, 111., but was born in Jefferson, Green county, Pennsyl- vania. Of this soldier the muster out roll says, "Supposed to be dead. Last heard from at Danville, Ky., November , 1862." DAVID PATTERSON VAN HORN was born in Piqua, Miami county, Ohio, February 4, 1842, removed to Illinois with his par- ents in 1857, and enlisted as a farmer from Mason City. He served with his company until the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He removed to Iowa, where he has prospered as a farmer; owns four hundred acres of land, and resides near Cotter, in Louisa county. JAMES M. WHITTAKER was born in Canton, Fulton county, Illinois, August 28, 1844, and enlisted as a farmer from Topeka. He served with his company to the close of the war; was wounded in the battle at Buzzard Roost, Georgia, but recovered; returned to duty, and was mustered out with the regiment. Since the war he has been farming, and in 1891 he removed to Nebraska, and now resides at Beaver City, in Furnas county. HENRY WENT, aged twenty-five, single, farmer, enlisted from Topeka, 111., but was born in Hanover, Germany. He served with his company until the close of the war, and was mustered out with 496 HISTORY OF THE 85TH ILLINOIS. the regiment. At the end of his service he settled in Chicago, where he died in about 1892. JOHN B. WRIGHT (was promoted adjutant. See field and staff). DAVID ZENTMIRE was born in Oregoiiia, Warren county, Ohio, September 27, 1840, removed to Illinois in 1861, and was farming when he enlisted from Mason City. He served with his company until the close of the war, and was mustered out with the regiment. He returned to Illinois at the close of the war, and re- sumed farming, but removed to Kansas some years later, and is a clerk and assistant postmaster at Cherokee, Crawford county, at present. JOHN ZANISE, aged twenty-one, farmer, born in Lancaster, Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, and enlisted from Manito, 111. He served through the Kentucky campaign, and died at Nashville, Tenn., December 6, 1862. RECRUITS. SEBASTIAN G. BLUMENSHINE was born in Washington, Tazewell county, Illinois, June 17, 1843, and was a farmer when he enlisted from his native town, December 12, 1863. He served until the close of the war, and when the Eighty-fifth was mustered out he was transferred to Company C, Sixteenth Illinois, where he served until July 8, 1865, when he was mustered out with that regi- ment. He is farming near Clearwater, in Sedgwick county, Kansas. AUSTIN CONNET enlisted from Jackson, 111., January 15, 1865; was transferred to Company C, Sixteenth Illinois, at the close of the war, and was mustered out with that regiment July 8, 1865. FRANKLIN EVANS enlisted from Wilmington, 111., January 15, 1865, and was transferred to Company C, Sixteenth Illinois, at the close of the war. He was mustered out with that regiment July 8, 1865. N. J. KEMP The records do not disclose the date nor the place of his enlistment, but he was present and was wounded in the fight at Rome, Ga., May 17, 1864. A piece of shell struck him on the belt buckle, driving it under the skin, but not through the wall of ROSTER OF COMPANY K. 497 the abdomen. It passed round to the back bone, where it was located and cut out by Surgeon Dieffenbacher. When the regi- ment was mustered out this soldier was absent (sick of his wound in the general hospital at Camp Butler, 111., and was honorably discharged therefrom.) After the close of the war he settled at Sparta, Wis., where he still resides, if living. OWEN McDONALD The date and place of enlistment does not appear on the records of the company, but he was mustered out with the regiment. He was born in Ireland, and after the close of his service located at Havana, 111., where he committed suicide by drowning in about 1870. JOHN CLIFTON No record; is a farmer and resides at Shu- bert, Neb. GEORGE EMIT enlisted from Reed, Henderson county, Illinois, January 10, 1865. DANIEL FLEMING enlisted April 10, 1865, from Buena Vista, 111. ; mustered out May 11, 1865. PETER HELD enlisted from Chicago, 111., October 4, 1864. No further record. WASHINGTON SMITH enlisted from Blandinsville, 111., No- vember 18, 1863. Was born in Ohio county, Kentucky, and dis- charged without date. GEORGE THOMPSON enlisted from Chicago, 111., November 8, 1864. No further record. RICHARD WILSON enlisted from Chicago, 111., October 8, 1864. No further record. JOSEPH ZIMMERMAN enlisted from Buena Vista, 111., April 19, 1865, and was mustered out May 11, 1865. On page 68, James A. Mallory should be John A. Mallory. On page 368, David Cornham should read David Cornman. On page 229, James Moslander should read Joseph Moslander. On page 374, the name of James W. Tippey appears twice. The first or upper name is correct, but the other should read Henry Tippey. INDEX. Addis, James P 152, 468 Akerson, John G 362 Albin, John M 350 Alkire, William D 192, 203, 380 Alger, Gen. R. A 8 Allen, William S...68, 191, 342, 362 Allen, Andrew J 398 Allen, William F 38, 413 Alyea, Francis M 349 Alyea, John W 350 Ames, Orpheus 153, 486 Amsden, Lincoln 475 Amsler, Henry . .422 Anderson, Col. W. B 117 Anderson, Capt. E. L 187 Andrus, Adjt. Clark N. 20, 68, 93, 191, 228, 229, 337, 409, 488 Andrews, George 488 Anno, John F 203, 229, 319 Anno, Levi S 348 Armstrong, David 60, 413 Armstrong, Pleasan t 380 Armstrong, William 383 Armstrong, Boling 413 Arnett, James P 71, 349 Arnold, John H 192, 204, 413 Aten, Henry J 1, 6, 8, 183, 436 Aten, John 10, 38, 273, 440 Atchinson, Michael 203, 382 Atchinson, John H 382 A very, Thomas J 20, 342, 398 Atwater, Miles L 440 Atwater, William 440 Baggs, John 425 Baird, Gen. Absalom... 73, 162, 286 Bailor, Jesse 203, 367 Barwick, Jos. S..5, 20, 201, 240, 341 Barnett, Capt. Charles M 11, 28, 53, 106, 117, 124 Barnett, Cleghorn 414 Barnett, John 160, 413 Barnes, Joel A 10, 458 Barnes, George W 68, 458 Barnes, Hezekiah 352 Bartram, Reuben W 350 Barr, John M 72, 488 Bash, Isaac C 366 Bass, Gibson 38, 96, 351 Bass, John 431 Batterton, Green P 407 Beal, Henry 398 Beatty, Gen. John 117, 141 Beck, William 488 Beck, Phillip 204, 423 Beebe, Albert G 38, 345 Behymer, Oliver P 203, 368 Beekman, Martin 367 Belles, John W 474 Belles, William 476 Bell, Thomas M 38, 368 Berry, Francis M 398 Bird, William 424 Bishop, Joseph K 364 Black, Capt. Samuel.... 11, 73, 375 Black, David P 349 Black, George 203, 378 Black, Clinton 152, 399 Blakesley, Wesley C 83, 488 Blair, Gen. Frank P 301 Blanchard, Capt. George A... 71, 129, 203, 375 Blizzard, William D 38, 352 Bloomfield, Henry 41, 72, 458 Blumenshine, Sebastian G.ll, 496 Boarmaster, Lewis 227, 365 Bobbitt, George W. S 349 Bodle, Joseph 485 Bochert, Charles 325, 410 Bolen, John B 60, 442 Bolen, Benjamin 457 Boon, Calvin W 192, 229, 348 Boon, John A 350 Booth, John W 143, 351 Borchert, Charles 325, 410 Bortzfield, William.... 203, 229, 351 Bortzfield, John, Jr 203, 351 Bortzfleld, Jacob 168, 351 Bowers, Jefferson 41, 488 Bowman, Robert A.... 122, 420, 421 Bowman, Ellis 364 Boyer, David 425 Boyd, William 299, 442 Bradburn, John W 51, 351 Bradburn, James M 350 Bradburn, James M., Jr.. 192, 351 Brannan, Gen. James M 104 Bragg, Gen. Braxton ....27, 45, 62, 100, 127, 142, 286, 317 Branson, Charles R 143, 458 Branson, Zebulon 476 Brandon, D. A 192, 425 Bradford, David 203, 383 Breckenridge, John W 367 Brewer, Aaron 160, 441 Brickel, Phillip 432 Britt, Albert P 71, 91, 123, 471 Brought, Freman 38, 395 Brooks, Almon 92, 381 Brown, Thomas 103, 441 Brown, Perry 441 Brown, Simpson 441 Buck, Henry H 192, 377 Buel, Gen. Don Carlos 31 32 42 43 Buffalow,' William.'.'.'.'. 203, 229, *368 Bullard, Norman A 399 Burbige, Thomas 68, 475 Burnside, Gen. A. E 138 Burnett, John L 192, 383 Burkholder, Simon 192, 367 Burkhalter, Capt. J. L....216, 217 Burt. James F 192, 425 Burt, Abraham 424 Burr, Nelson 488 Bushnell, John 457 Bushnell, Ananias P 458 Butler, Milo 474 500 INDEX. Cadwallader, Albert D 6, 9, 143, 152, 203, 219, 361 Cady, Joseph 68, 399 Cain, Charles 229, 476 Cameron, Abraham A 472 Capper, Aseria 399 Carter, Joseph W 383 Carter, William W 414 Carter, William G 414 Carlin, Gen. W. P 36, 168, 289 Carey, James 152, 160, 425 Carrington, A. A 484 Carlock, George 396 Castleberry, Henry W 399 Castleberry, William H 397 Cassens, Robert 400 Castor, Stephen L 442 Cates, Ephraim 51, 384 Chatfield, Charles H 60, 143, 187, 192, 393 Chaplain, Joseph R 489 Charlton, William P 353 Cheal, James J 425 Chester, James S 9, 38, 378 Chester, Francis N 9, 381 Cheatham, Gen. B. F 276, 286 Cist, Gen. Henry M 7 Clark, Channing 38, 381 Clark, William 51, 383 Clark, John J 204, 425 Clancy, Col. Charles W...117, 182 Clary, Royal A 38, 414 Clary, Abram 68, 408, 409 Clary, William F 204, 410 Clary, Martin S 414 Cleveland, P. D 72, 425 Cleveland, John H 203, 363 Clifton, Lev! 143, 423 Clifton, John 497 Cline, Wilson 349 Cline, Phillip 353 Close, William D 227, 399 Cluney, Thomas 203, 363 Clupper, Perry W 248, 439 Coburn, Col. John 94 Coe, Lieut 252 Cogdall, Isaac 352 Cogdall, Eli M 352 Cogeshall, Francis S 394 Cohren, William 51, 450, 453 Cokley, John 68, 476 Cokley, Jeremiah 473 Collins, Albert 91, 123, 471 Collins, Leonidas 473 Collins, William 174, 459 Cole, George 414 Colglazier, David B 60, 489 Combs, James 426 Conley, Andrew 71, 353 Connett, Austin 496 Connor, Henry 51, 368 Conover, Joseph B.10, 203, 255, 397 Cooper, George 59, 440 Cooper, Abraham 454 Gorman, David 203, 368 Cottrell, George H 51, 489 Cowen, Col. D. D. T 53 Cox, Gen. Jacob D..7, 297, 301, 307 Cox, John F 352 Cox, John 352 Cox, John 414 Cozad, Bazil 203, 368 Crable, Joseph 459 Craig, David 425 Cratty, Edmund 60, 352 Crittenden, Gen. T. L 32 Cue, Nelson D 383 Cummings, Major S. P 18, 20, 91, 336, 433, 450 Cunningham, William 32, 459 Cunningham, John 51, 458 Cunningham, Alexander 442 Curless, Edmund 471 Curless, LaFayette 51, 433, 434 Curless, Joseph 439 Curless, Lorenzo D 442 Curran, Maurice 368 Daniels, John R 353 Danawain, Samuel 51, 369 Dare, Charles D 203, 369 Daugherty, Daniel.... 192, 229, 384 Davis, Gen. Jefferson C 30, 31, 116, 133, 136, 141, 162, 168, 186, 196, 199, 212, 216, 218, 247, 279, 290, 295, 301, 303 Davis, William 38, 400 Davis, Noah 203, 400 Dawley, Lieut. Richard L 117 Dean, William 204, 424 Deford, George 121, 423 Deford, William 94, 426 Deitrich, Jeremiah... .192, 229, 384 Deitrich, George W 382 Delong, William 422 Derwent, Samuel 60, 384 Destroying Railroad 245, 246 Dew, Jacob S 227, 400 Dial, Lewis 214, 459 Dickerson, Col. C. J 53, 117 Dieffenbacher, Philip L ..5, 20, 38, 57, 92, 160, 291, 339, 496 Dilworth, Col. Caleb J 18, 21, 92, 117, 170, 174, 182, 186, 188, 193, 199, 225, 227, 325,333 Dingles, George 476 Dobson, Martin K 457 Dodge, Silas 192, 229, 442 Dodge, John W 442 Dolcater, Peter 384 Douglass, John W 443 Drake, George 11, 192, 489 Dray, Samuel A 384 Driver, Robert 32, 426 Dubois, John 426 Duncan, Charles 456 Dunn, Joseph 152, 392 Durham, John M 68, 486 Durham, Edwin M 342, 400 Durdy, James B 343, 487 Durdy, Robert S 343, 489 Dutton, Daniel 459 Duvall, John H 38, 192, 377 Eaton, Thomas C 6, 9, 364 Earp, William 248, 422 Early, Gen. Jubal 315 Ekis, Michael 51, 415 Elgin, William F 460 Elliott, Luke 51, 450, 452 INDEX. 501 Elliott, Elisha J 192, 456 Eller, Jacob 489 Emit, George 497 Engle, Thomas B 227, 456 Evans, H. Clay 8 Evans, William H 339 Evans, William H 489 Evans, Franklin 496 Eveland, Abner 364 Eveland, Amos 203, 369 Erick, Charles 485 Fahnestock, Col. A. L 182 Faith, Jacob , 410 Fantin, John D 477 Fatchcraft, Henry 477 Fawcette, Michael 443 Fawcett, Levi 443 Fearing, Gen. Benjamin D 266, 290, 293, 294, 296 Fellows, Captain 185 Fenton, John D 193, 460 Ferguson, James 415 Ferrell, James 396 Fitch, Joseph H 192, 369 Fleming, Daniel 497 Floro, Cadmus 203, 400 Forner, Joseph 152, 426 Forrest, Gen. N. B 69, 82, 232, 233, 234 Fountain, Isaac 11, 41, 153, 490 Frank, John 490 Frank, James 426 Frazee, Thomas 68, 476 Frietley, H. William 227, 460 Frost, Wesley 60, 415 Fox, David 369 Furguson, John 353 Furguson, Alexander 353 Gabriel, Phillip 426 Gabriel, Andrew 426 Galbraith, Johnston 68, 370 Gardner, Albert L 385 Gardner, James M 203, 385 Gardner, John S 91, 354 Gardner, John A 51, 385 Gardner, Capt. George Q 117 Gardner, John R 385 Garrard, Gen. Kenner 161 Garrison, Robert C 152, 490 Gash, James 346 Gehagan, Hugh 329, 426 Gilson, Sanford 477 Gilbert, Gen. Charles C 32, 33, 44, 72 Gillmore, Franklin 51, 353 Gillmore, James F 353 Gobon, James 397 Gobon, Allen 401 Gordon, David A 51, 354 Good, Major Joseph 117 Gorsage, Jeremiah 460 Gould, Lorenzo D 242, 438 Graff, Joseph E 477 Graham, William A 474 Grant, James 24, 490 Grant, Gen. U. S....7, 48, 118, 121, 125, 127, 138, 144, 150, 156, 161, 254, 269, 298, 300, 301, 306, 316, 320, 322 Gray, John 369 Gray, Vinson 477 Granger, Gen. Gordon 72, 75, 101, 102 Green, Thomas W 385 Green, Boling 204, 229, 412 Gregory, George 51, 385 Greathouse, James 365 Greathouse, William 369 Greathouse, James, Jr 369 Griffin, Abner D 60, 490 Griffin, Isaac N 490 Griflin, Richard 204, 242, 415 Grifttn, John 412 Griffith, Col. James R 192, 225, 325, 326, 335, 360 Grigg (or Gregg), Robert 426 Grissom, Samuel B 401 Grover, Benjamin H 68, 490 Gurnbell, William 490 Hadsall, Edwin M 203, 386 Hagan, John B 68, 462 Hale, Josiah 477 Halleck, Gen. H. W...311, 312, 313 Hamilton, Jas. M..71, 122, 203, 376 Hamilton, Reuben 204, 427 Hamilton, David 227, 422 Hamilton, Albert J 122, 401 Hamilton, William M 376 Hamilton, Charles L, 398 Hankins, Stephen 415 Hanks, James 83, 427 Harmon, Col. Oscar F 53, 117, 182, 186 Hardee, Gen. William J 145, 267, 280, 284, 286, 287 Harrison, William C 354 Harker, Gen. Charles G 190 Harbert, John L 401 Harris, William H 461 Hastings, James L 20, 343, 379 Hastings, Daniel W 51, 385 Havens, Daniel 38, 68, 203, 345 Havens, Samuel 68, 413 Hays, Daniel 60, 443 Hazen, Gen. William B 7, 121, 253, 295 Hazleng, John 343, 401 Heaton, Simon 248, 461 Heald, John W 370 Held, Peter 497 Henfling, F. S 45, 51, 427 Henfling, Henry 51, 427 Henderson, Silas D 455 Hetzeler, George 193, 486 Hibbs, Benjamin 491 Hicks, Willard 108, 229, 401 Hitchcock, Charles E 491 Himmill, Adam J 485 Hinsey, Americus 204, 427 Hoagland, George 488 Hodge, Hasard 427 Hodge, Alexander 192, 427 Hodge, John 424 Hodge, George 96, 427 Hohamer, William F..204, 229, 411 Holstead, Capt. David M 91, 108, 122, 470, 471 Holley, Jeremiah 203, 381 Hollingsworth, Thomas H. B.380 502 INDEX. Hole, John N 483 Hole, William H 5, 6, 11, 484 Holt, Solomon 443 Holmes, William D 203, 370 Holmes, John Q 477 Holmes, Maj. J. T 197, 199, 287 Hons, Solomon 386 Hons, Wesley 386 Hood, Gen. J. B 7, 205, 209 213, 231, 235, 239, 262, 276, 280, 297 Hooker, Gen. Joseph 132, 138, 173, 177 Hopping, George N 486 Hopping, Ephraim 491 Horton, Marion... .41, 150, 152, 461 Horton, Andrew J 71, 452 Horton, Levi 428 Horton, Jonathan B 461 Horton, Isaac 477 Horton, Thomas 437 Horn, Jacob 462 Horsey, Smith B 227, 484 Houghton, Capt. Chas.W.143, 393 Houghton, Eliza 401 Houseworth, John 203, 377 Howard, Gen. O. O 131, 181, 243, 272, 280, 301 Howard, Henry N 462 Howarth, Henry 227, 401 Howell, Henry 32, 354 Howell, George 91, 354 Hudson, Adjt. Preston C 123, 228, 338, 471 Hudnall, William C 460 Hudnall, James Walter 462 Hughes, Wilson 51, 477 Hughes, Neal P 227, 473 Hughes, Charles A 229, 461 Hughey, Julius T 461 Hulburt, William H 462 Hulburt, Alansus P 462 Hult, Charles E 485 Hurley, Charles 370 Hurley, Bartholomew 68, 370 Hutton, Thomas 365 Hutchins, Harvey H 379 Ishmael, Louis 203, 299, 386 Jackson, Joseph E 59, 491 Jackson, John E 59, 491 Jackson, Samuel 354 James, Capt. F. B 7, 191 Jameson, James 463 Jellison, Benjamin 463 Jemmison, Thomas 60, 485 Jennings, Anderson 454 Jimmison, William H 491 Jimmison, James 193, 486 Johnston, Gen. Jos. E..7, 161, 167, 195, 206, 280, 286, 294, 300, 301, 312 Johnson, Gen. Richard W 162 Johnson, William 422 Johnson, Henry J 463 Johnston, John.. 203, 365 Joneson, Daniel T 160, 491 Jones, Henry P 242, 402 Jones, Samuel 355 Jones, William 415 Jones, William J 416 Jones, James M 443 Jordan, Benjamin E 203, 354 Keller, Sylvester 478 Kellogg, Nathan 204, 423 Kelley, Josiah H 68, 463 Kelley, William 402 Kelley, William 421 Kelley, William 444 Kelso, James N 492 Kemp, N. J 172, 496 Kennedy, Capt. John 18, 128, 192, 204, 420 Kennedy, John F 438 Kerns, Franklin 92, 444 Kicer, Daniel 60, 402 Kilpatrick, Gen. Judson 161, 243, 268, 282 King, Newton 203, 346 King, David M 444 Kingery, John F 463 Kinzer, Amos 454 Kirk, Armstead 402 Kisler, Charles T 203, 362 Koozer, Daniel 299, 355 Kratzer, David 192, 229, 355 Kratzer, Benjamin F 38, 370 Krebaum, Alonzo F 108, 366 Laf ary, Henry 444 Lamperell, Charles 444 Lampit, Edwin E 122, 421 Lane, Richard A 68, 386 Lane, Green B 1S2, 387 Lane, Tidense W 387 Lane, Abraham L 387 Lane, Richard 463 Langston, Capt. Mathew..68, 344 Langston, William T 355 Landerer, Maurice 204, 428 Langley, Col. J. W 225, 293 Landwith, William M 346 Landon, William 474 Lapool, John 10, 478 Larance, Joseph 402 Larance, James A 402 LaTourette, Henry S 60, 12S, 147, 192, 434 Layman, Isaac 192, 402 Lay ton, Aurelius 60, 355 Leeper, James 178, 192, 378 Lee, Gen. Robert E 145, 146, 161, 269, 301, 303, 306 Leitson, William 416 Leonard, William 411 Lewis, James S 444 Levingston, Thomas J 445 Lightcap, Holo way W 59, 96, 111, 338 Lincoln, Abraham 15, 304, 383 Linderman. Thomas G 371 Lindsey, Uriah B 395 Livingston, John 10, 444 Lofton, Robert 378 Logan, Clinton 242, 428 Logan, Gen. John A 301 Logne, Jacob B 379 Logne, James 379 Longfellow, Daniel G 192, 437 Longstreet, Gen. James 101, 127, 139 INDEX. 503 Lovel, Henry 463 Lyon, Gen. Nathaniel 13 Lynn, James S 38, 412 Madison, Granville 403 MaGee, Col. David W 53, 117 MaGill, Romeo 60, 486 Mallory, John A 68, 362 Maloney, John 68, 428 Maloney, William 347 Mann, Isaac 363 Maney, Gen. George 13S, 188 Marion, Gen. Francis 251 Maranvllle, George F 371 Marlln, Isaac 416 Markell, Solomon 474 Markley, William 481 Marble, William H 91, 470 Mardis, Ira A 91, 228, 452 Marshall, Jeremiah 388 Mason, Hiram 60, 355 Mason, Andrew J 122, 325, 421 Masterson, William 484 Massey, William H 487 Matthews, Charles G 193, 474 Mathews, William E 416 Maxwell, David 51, 91, 451 Mayes, Joseph A 356 McAdams, F. M 7 McCook, Gen. Alexander Mc- Dowell 32, 35, 44 McCook, Gen Edward M 161 McCook, Col. Daniel 28, 52, 53, 95, 98, 101, 103, 105, 110, 117, 123, 140, 141, 162, ?81, 185 McClelland, Nathaniel 51, 450 McClelland, William... 60, 433, 434 McCain, Alonzo 203, 347 McCabe, Miles 203, 395 McCabe, James 428 McCabe, Phillip 428 McCarty, Joseph 387 McClaren, John W....174, 233, 464 McClaren, William H 453 McColgan, Frances M.248, 325, 421 McConnahay, John M 371 McComb, Anderson 445 McCausland, William 475 McDonald. Milton 403 McDonald, Owen 497 McCroskey, Edward 60, 479 McGuire, Richard 172, 416 McKalip, James 71, 374 McKillip, William 492 McKee, Francis M 463 McKnight, Josiah 11, 153, 492 McLaughlin, William 203, 347 McLarin, Andrew 203, 381 McHugh, Hugh 71, 470, 472 McPherson, Gen. James B 161, 167, 172, 207, 208 McNeeley, William 412 McNeil, Jas T...51, 91, 123, 228, 451 McQuinn, John 428 Meade, Gen. George G....315, 319 Mence, William A 51, 416 Meek, George W 464 Meyers, Solomon 41, 464 Meyers, George 68, 160, 362 Mike, Our 72, 429 Minner, William 41, 478 Minner, John 478 Mitchell, Gen. Robert B 36, 52 Mitchell, Col. John G 101, 105, 117, 162, 181 Mitchell, William H 378 Miller, Michael 371 Miller, John C 192, 416 Milner, John K 82, 203, 228, 346 Mintonye, Alvero C 192, 371 Mohlenbrink, Henry F 193, 492 Mohlenbrink, Fritz 492 Montgomery, Jesse C 381 Moore, Col. Robert S 2, 9, 17, 20, 53, 92, 332 Moore, Robert S 51, 387 Moore, Ellis 227, 479 Moore, John H 481 Moore, George A 387 Moore, Joseph E 479 Morgan, Gen. James D 52, 53, 83, 92, 96, 98, 100, 117, 141, 162, 179, 216, 218, 233, 290, 295 Morgan, Hugh 192, 229, 403 Morgan, William H 192, 403 Mormon War 412 Morris, Charles 11, 493 Morris, Lester N 59, 492 Morris, Alfred T 493 Morris, David 371 Moslander, George W.192, 203, 387 Moslander, James 41, 229, 473 Moslander, Joseph 229, 388 Mosely, Thomas J 396 Mosier, John W 203, 388 Mower, Gen. Joseph A 301 Murphy, John J 192, 229, 403 Mullica, Robert G 472 Musselman, D. L 51, 165, 192, 199, 298, 435 Mustard, Enoch 299, 371 Mustard, Lucius 371 Myers, James S 403 Myers, George 416 Nash, Lemuel Y 38, 356 Neal, John W 51, 344, 345 Neiklrk, Eli E 91, 242, 483 Neider, Robert 108, 403 Nelson, Gen. William 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 Neeley, William H....192, 229, 388 Neeley, Samuel, Jr 388 Nevill, John R 395 Nicholas, James E 372 Newberry, William 38, 388 Newberry, George W 464 Newman, Fred W 429 Noblack, Barnhart....l92, 242, 428 Nott, Massena B 365 Nott, Stephen H 203, 372 Noyes, David 372 Nuhn, Conrad 193, 487 O'Brien, John 422 O'Brien, John 396 O'Donnell, Joseph 51, 389 O'Leary, John H 203, 372 Opdyke, Andrew J 192, 380 O'Rourk, Patrick 404 Orange, Joseph 160, 429 504 INDEX. Osborn, Richard A 388 Osborn, William 464 Osborn, William 481 Osterman, Thomas 416 Owens, Thomas 227, 417 Pain, John 417 Palmer, Gen. John M 138, 161, 179, 181, 196 Palmer, John B 453 Palmer, Joel 465 Partridge, C. A 7 Parks, Oliver W 192, 404 Parks, Jacob 356 Parks, H. B 429 Parker, Martin V 465 Parker, William R 446 Parr, John N 445 Pearcy, James H 389 Pearson, James 417 Pelham, William C 51, 382 Pelham, James J 379 Pelham, Sterling 389 Patterson, Jas. C..20, 160, 340, 389 Patterson, Newton C...10, 227, 404 Patterson, Thomas F 394 Patton, John W 361 Paul, Samuel 479 Paul, Ebenezer 51, 372, 389 Paul, Thomas E 60, 374 Paul, Samuel 372 Paul, Eben 479 Pemberton, Beaurop 356 Pemberton, William J 356 Perkins, John H 465 Peters, Idea F 91, 356 Phelps, John L 397 Phelps, David B 404 Phillips, William 429 Phillips, Isaac 429 Phillips, Thomas 429 Phillips, William H 479 Pierce, James T 5, 20, 342, 374 Pierce, Charles W 38, 143, 360 Pierce, Thornton S 192, 363 Pillsbury, George 424 Plank, Francis M 204, 446 Plank, Martin V 465 Plasters, John 404 Plunkett, Joseph M....60, 408, 409 Polk, Gen. Leonidas 62, 175 Pond, Charles 227, 485 Porter, Robert 59, 372 Poster, Lewis 357 Post, Lewis S 436 Potter, James 411 Potter, William S 49, 417 Powell, John R 108, 193, 465 Powell, George 446 Prentis, Noble L 115, 116 Prentice, Berry 192, 445 Prentice, William 445 Pretty man, Jacob H...11, 193, 493 Price, John W 60, 357, 404 Pringle, Robert 356 Prior, George D 203, 362 Quackenbush, Col. Myndert W 53 Quigley, Cyrus R 379 Quance, Charles E 389 Quinlin, William 429 Rakestraw, John 68, 493 Ramige, William 494 Ramon, Comfort H 60, 383 Ramsey, Hiram 60, 389 Ransom, William H 68, 405 Randall, Walter 413 Ratcliff, Thomas J 372 Ratcliff, Alexander C 365 Ray, Rollie 405 Ray, William 49, 417 Reagan, Hiram D 357 Reagan, Charles W 203, 357 Reason, Robert F 51, 483 Reason, Horace F 494 Reeder, Henry 396 Reeder, Elias 405 Reed, George W 446 Reno, John E 108, 472 Rever, Peter W 192, 439 Reynolds, George W 51, 389 Rheinders, William 192, 405 Rhoads, Michael 121, 430 Richey, Andrews 377 Richardson, Isaac 475 Richardson, Franklin 373 Rider, Major Robert G 39, 91, 95, 186, 197, 225, 227, 325, 336, 482 Riddle, Charles P 52, 493 Riley, Matt 192, 429 Ritter, Aaron 203, 390 Robinson, Andrew 192, 417 Robinson, John L 417 Robinson, Adoniram 493 Robertson, John M 51, 183, 192, 433, 434 Robbins, Alanson 405 Roberts, Thomas R. ..68, 160, 344 Rochester, Nathaniel S....192, 405 Rochester, James S 397 Roe, William R 438 Rogers, Joseph F 51, 347 Rogers, Michael 465 Rosecrans, Gen. William S 46, 49, 52, 57, 60, 62, 72, 81, 95, 97, 100, 101, 118, 265 Rose, William K 51, 486 Ross, James. 83, 432 Royes, Thomas J 51, 479 Saffer, John M 192, 467 Saffer, James W 469 Sample, Ezekiel 204, 411 Sanit. Phillip 203, 357 Sandidge, Daniel 439 Salsbury, James 467 Sayres, Lemuel J 41, 465 Scattergood, Edward 204, 423 Schofield, Gen. J. M 161, 236, 285, 298, 301, 367 Scholes, John 192, 406 Scott, Pleasant S 10, 18, 49, 123, 192, 325, 408 Scott, Franklin F 204, 418 Scoville, Benjamin F....9, 203, 382 Scrivens, R. S 423 Scroggs, George 326 Seay, James H. T 396 Seay, James 10, 417 Seibenborn, John 229, 495 INDEX. 505 Severns, William 193, 466 Severns, Eli 204, 466 Severns, Francis M 192, 447 Senter, James T 204, 418 Seymour, Lewis 448 Shackey, Andrew J....71, 122, 410 Shane, Col. James M 117 Shannon, W. Irving... 183, 192, 437 Shannon, Nathan 467 Shawgo, Joseph B.6, 103, 327, 447 Shawgo, George W 447 Shaw, Ross 357 Shaw, Moses 52, 495 Shaw, George W 60, 467 Shay, Henry 38, 390 Shelabarger, John W 494 Shelabarger, Abram 494 Sherman, Gen. W. T...7, 125, 136, 141, 157, 158, 161, 175, 177, 210, 212, 218, 221, 228, 230, 231, 235, 243, 257, 267, 275, 285, 287, 297, 306, 312, 321 Sheridan, Gen. Philip H 7, 32, 35, 44, 52, 265 Sheets, James N 204, 229, 411 Shelly, Frank 215, 456 Shields, Washington M..51, 71, 453 Shields, Henry 455 Shields, Eli 103, 192, 454 Shields, James 192, 448 Shields, William 457 Shields, John B 466 Shields, Benjamin F 467 Shores, John 192, 439 Short, Isaac C 93, 482, 483 Short, William B 390 Shroeder, John W 418 Shutt, Christopher 51, 417 Sigley, David 5, 6, 9, 192, 203, 237, 365 Singleton, John F. IVi 373 Singleton, Joshua T 203, 373 Sizelove, John 10, 203, 405 Skiles, William H 229, 373 Slocum, Gen. Henry W 243, 268, 289, 301 Smick, William S 358 Smith, Col. Robert F 53, 117 Smith, William 60, 390 Smith, George W 348 Smith, Jacob 406 Smith, Francis M 406 Smith, William 438 Smith, Lewis C 446 Smith, Alfred 72, 447 Smith, Washington 497 Snodgrass, John W 122, 469 Snodgrass, Horace J 192, 446 Snodgrass, Robert 467 Southwick, Gilbert W. 9, 75, 228, 340 Southwood, William 373 Southwood, Ellis 38, 373 Spanish War 466 Speicht, Michael 52, 495 Spink, Charles 203, 373 Spillman, William 430 Spillman, Henry 495 Stagg, Thomas 203, 229, 382 Stalder, Henry 51, 430 Steley, Merton 60, 406 Steedman, Gen. James B.100, 105 Stephenson, James N 447 Stewart, Nixon B 7, 96, 125 Stewart, Orlando 38, 390 Still, Samuel 60, 448 Still, Solomon 448 Still, Robert 448 Stilts, Isaac 92, 405 Stith, William P 398 Stoddard, Milton 83, 480 Stone, James A 494 Stout, Josiah 203, 346 Stout, Ephraim 418 Stradford, David 423 Streeter, Henry R 192, 357 Strode, Silas 374 Stubblefleld, John 203, 390 Stubblefleld, Archibald J..51, 390 Stull, William R 366 Summers, Joel E 349 Sutton, Henry 418 Swan, John W 456 Swift, Charles G 480 Swisher, Henry C 103, 217, 218, 309, 466 Talbot, John B 358 Tangard, Benjamin 430 Tarter, Laban V 41, 472 Taylor, David 215, 449 Taylor, George 412 Taylor, A. J 204, 229, 410 Tegard, Everard 52, 495 Temple, Jonathan P 38, 391 Tenney, Richard W....68, 420, 421 Terry, Joel F 204, 430 Terry, Gen. A. H 285, 297, 301 Tidrick, Alexander R 192, 440 Tiery, William 122, 468 Tilson, Col. John 53, 117 Tippey, James W 374 Tippey, Warren 203, 364 Tippey, Henry 374 Thario, John 463 Thomas, Gen. George H.43, 44, 77 106, 116, 119, 120, 156, 161, 182, 187, 196, 212, 216, 240, 262, 265, 298, 326 Thomas, James E 192, 204, 418 Thomas, Zimri N 153, 487 Thomas. James E 192, 204 Thomas, Aaron 448 Thomas, David 448 Thomas, Azariah 474 Thompson, William M 38, 358 Thompson, John A.... 193, 229, 468 Thompson, John 152, 449 Thompson, John 430 Thompson, Samuel 457 Thompson, George 497 Toler, James T 152, 468 Toler, Col. Silas C 53 Toley, Charles W 406 Tomlin, John H 192, 391 Toney, Antoine 430 Topping, Col. E. H 117, 207 Trapp, Oliver 72, 480 Traylor, Leonidas 418 Trayer, John 475 Treadway, Martin L 71, 406 Trent, Hugh A 60, 204, 325, 409 Trent, Dallas A 203, 358 506 INDEX. Trent, Pleasant 348 Trent, Thomas 358 Troy, Martin 242, 406 Turner, John 51, 432 Turner, William W.60, 82, 160, 395 Turner, Van 398 Tyrrell, William A 203, 391 Tyra, George 480 VanDorn, Gen. Earl 14, 47, 74, 84, 90 VanDeusen, John P 83, 358 TanHorn, Thomas B 7 VanHorn, David P 495 VanTassel, Col. Oscar 117 VanVleck, Col. Carter 117 Varnum, B. P 204, 424 Veileit, Leander 71, 410 Wainwright, Capt. S. A 19, 28 Wag-oner, Jeremiah 203, 391 Wagoner, William H 487 Walker, Col. James P 20, 92, 122, 334 Walker, William W....71, 122, 376 Walker, Austin 193, 480 Walker, John S 484 Wallace, James 401 Ware, Eugene F 331 Warner, Edward 431 Warner, W 431 Waterman, George 192, 419 Watkins, Col. Louis D 83, 89 Watson, John 41, 193, 475 Welch, James H 203, 407 Welsh, Ira 60, 407 Welsh, George M 60, 348 Welsh, Edward 419 Welker, Lemuel 108, 473 Weideman, Solomon 487 Went, Henry 495 Westnour, Fitzhugh 431 Westerfield, James H 374 Westfall, Daniel 68, 82, 345 Wetzel, George H 193, 455 Wilder, D. W 191 Wiles, Col. W. M 117 Williams, William 85, 90 Wilcox, Jasper 60, 366 Wilcox, Jasper 481 Wilson, John C 395 Wilson, G. H 431 Wilson, Henry H 457 Wilson, Richard 497 Winchell, Albert 480 Winchell, William B 203, 374 Winchell, George 203, 374 Wiseman, Capt. Theodore 179 Wood, John A 359 Wood, David 203, 359 Woodcock, Alex 51, 431 Wolf, John 424 Workman, George 103, 449 Worley, Daniel 41, 469 Wheeler, Gen. Joseph 69, 82, 247, 251, 272 Wheeler, Ellas 438 Wheeler, Arden 468 Wheeler, Thomas 469 White, Benjamin 38, 347 White, Martin L 60, 359 Whitney, William 431 Whip, Marcellus 391 Whittaker, Wesley J 60, 359 Whittaker, James M 153, 495 Whittaker, Gen. Walter C....101 Whittaker, Jacob 204, 431 Wright, John B 20, 71, 337, 431 Wright, Samuel F 20, 59, 338 Wright, Lewis P 192, 437 Wrigley, Matthew L 108, 430 Tardley, Jacob 407 Tardley, Henry G 392 Yates, Samuel 93, 482 Yates, Gov. Richard 17 Yager, Major John 117 Young, Samuel 143, 299, 394 Young, James K 192, 229, 392 Young, Thomas M 203, 229, 391 Young, Thomas P 391 Young, William 396 Young, William H 412 Zanise, John 60, 496 Zellers, Frederick F...108, 193, 469 Zentmire, David 4% Zimmerman, Joseph 497 Zimmerman, John T 108, 455 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA KWlHEEIGHTY-RFTH REGIMENT, IL