/V31 Vi year 16. German 1 to 3 years 17. Grammar (Senior) - -Vi year 18. Greek 1 to 3 years 19. History Vi to 2 years 20. Latin 1 to 4 years 21. Manual training V to 2 years 22. Meteorology or physical geogra- phy — Vi year 23. Music Vi or 1 year 24. Political economy Vi or 1 year 25. Psychology --Vi year 26. Scandinavian ...I to 3 years 27. School management and art of teaching Vi year 28. Spanish — 1 to 3 years 29. Stenography 1 or l l 4 years 30. Trigonometry (pi.) --% year 31. Typewriting Vi year 32. Zoology Vi or 1 year If an applicant enter with only one year of a modern language among his electives, he must pursue that language at least one year in college. Latin can not be taken in college unless the student has had at least two years of it before entrance. Should an applicant be deficient in the entrance requirements, he may enter with conditions but must make these up during the first year. He will have an opportunity to pursue such subjects in the Model school. Certificates of the high school board, of principals and superin- tendents of first class high schools, and certificates gotten in other states and accredited by the state universities of those states, are accepted in lieu of examination. A subject offered to satisfy an entrance requirement must remain where offered and can not thereafter be interchanged with other courses. A new student must also offer all the credentials which he claims within one semester after entrance. PEACH ERS COLLEGE, 9 ADVANCED STANDING. Students who have done college work elsewhere may receive credit for it either on examination or on presentation of accptable credentials. Heads of departments at the University accord such credit to those credentials, in their respective fields, as they deem just; no such student, however, will be granted the Bachelor’s degree or a diploma without at least one year’s work in residence. Graduates of the State Normal schools are given credit for one year’s work (31 credits) in Teachers College. Eight hours of advanced work in Education, such as the Dean may direct, entitle them at graduation to the Bachelor’s Diploma along with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. All claims for credits must be made before the close of the first semester after entrance. TEACHERS COLLEGE CURRICULUM. 1. Required — Education : 23 credits, including four in the history of Educa- tion, four in the philosophy of Education, and three in special meth- ods in High School Studies, including observation and practice for all ; and three in school supervision and administration for those preparing for administrative positions ; other courses elective. The professional part of special group subjects may also be included in Education. English 1 and 2. Psychology (general) if Educational Psychology is not taken under Education. Logic or ethics. Natural science: 8 hours credit. Some one foreign language: 14 hours credit. Physical Culture: 2 hours credit. Public Hygiene and Sanitation : 2 hours credit. Library Work: 1 hour credit. 2. Electives : — A sufficient amount of elective work to give a total of 124 credits is necessary to secure the degree of Bachelor of Arts and the Bachelor’s Diploma in Education. 3. Special Preparation : — It is necessary for prospective teachers or superintendents to elect their courses in view of the position for which they are pre- paring. They will, then, make known to the Dean their lines of special preparation as soon as possible. 10 UNIVERSITY BULLETIN. Each candidate for graduation prepares specially on from one to three subjects, or lines of work, and these are written and certi- fied in his Bachelor’s Diploma (the professional instrument) at graduation. The following are the minimum requirements in the several special subjects available: (1) Biology: 16 hours in addition to 8 hours of chemistry. (2) Chemistry: 16 hours. (3) Commercial subjects: 8 hours in addition to the three year courses offered at entrance or taken in the Model School. (4 English: 19 hours. (5) Geology: 8 hours in addition to 8 hours of chemistry, and the physiography taken in high schools. (6) History: 16 hours. (7) Latin: 16 hours above Vergil. (8) Mathematics: 8 hours in addition to the higher algebra and solid geometry taken in high schools. (9) Modern languages: three years in each. ( 10) Physics : 8 hours in addition to 8 hours of chemistry. ( 1 1 ) Political science : 8 hours in addition to the year course taken in high schools. Note. — In addition to the academic requirement for each group, a teacher’s course covering the theory and practice of teaching the subject must be taken when required by the faculty. bachelor of arts and bachelor’s diploma. When a student has completed the curriculum of Teachers College, (124 credits), which ordinarily takes four years but which can be completed sooner by very good students, he will be entitled to the degree of Bachelor of Arts (B. A.) and to the Bachelor’s Diploma in Education. This last is valid as a state certificate of the second class for three years. After one year’s experience such person is entitled to the state certificate of the first class, valid for five years; and after sixteen months’ experience he may secure the Professional certificate valid for life. RELATION TO THE COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS. Since the graduates of Teachers College receive the degree of Bachelor of Arts they must fulfill the same requirements for the degree as do the graduates of the College of Liberal Arts; that is. they must complete the courses prescribed for all, and must also satisfy the group requirements. This latter they fulfill by securing TEACHERS COLLEGE. II thirty-one (31) credits in the group designated “Philosophy and Education.” This is the professional group and is required in Teachers College while it is elective in the College of Liberal Arts This group includes psychology, logic or ethics, the history, psychology and philosophy of education, general and special method, and school administration. THE MASTER’S DEGREE. Any person having the degree of Bachelor of Arts (B. A.) from the University or any other institution of like standing, may, upon written application, become a candidate for the degree of Master of Arts. The Master’s degree is, historically and at present actually, the teacher’s degree — Magister (teacher) Artium. Those who seek it have everywhere and in almost all cases teaching in view. The candidate may take his major or minors in Education. It involves a year’s work, in residence, on a major subject with its thesis, and two minors. The applicant, if the holder of the B. A. degree from the University may be permitted to do this work in absentia, in which case two years at least will be required. In all cases the candidate must pass a satisfactory examination and present a thesis on or before May 15th of the year in which he applies for his degree. SPECIAL STUDENTS AND CERTIFICATES. Persons of earnest purpose who have completed the entrance requirements or their equivalent but who can not spend the time necessary for a degree are admitted freely into existing classes for which they are prepared. Such persons may qualify for special lines of teaching; and provided they have done not less than two years’ work, or sixty-two credits, including the specific requirements, will be given special certificates valid in law as state teachers’ certificates. For the present, opportunity is offered in the following lines : ( I ) Preparation for teaching in the common and smaller high schools. In order to qualify for this purpose and to secure the Teacher’s Diploma, the student must take in Teachers College a semester in the history of education, one in general or educational psychology, two in special methods, seven hours of elective work in Education, eight hours in English, and eight hours in History ; the remainder of the sixty-two credits are elective. If a student has had for entrance a year of pedagogy (psychology and school manage- 12 UNIVERSITY BULLETIN. ment) or of the senior common branches, only one semester of special methods is required. (2) Preparation for teaching the commercial subjects in high schools. For this purpose, and to secure the special certificate of qualification, it is necessary to have for entrance, book-keeping, commercial law and two years of shorthand and typewriting; and to take in Teachers College the courses in modern business methods and accounting and in commercial geography; also eight semester hours in English, eight in political science and sixteen in Education. The remainder of the sixty-two credits are elective. An excellent opportunity is offered in Teachers College to prepare for filling the many demands for teachers of commercial subjects in the high schools of the state. (3) Preparation for the teaching of music and drawing. The demand for special teachers in these lines is increasing, and Teachers College is making provision for such instruction and equipment as will adequately meet it. Special appropriate certificates will be granted on the completion of the two-year course. OBSERVATION AND PRACTICE. With the transformation of the Preparatory department into a Model school for Teachers College, in charge of the department of Education, opportunity will be afforded for observation and practice to members of the senior class. THE MODEL SCHOOL. What has heretofore been known as the Preparatory depart- ment is partly transformed into a Model school for Teachers College. The Commercial department is now a strong four-year commercial course in the Model school, and the English heretofore done in the Preparatory department is transferred in toto to the Model school. Four courses in English are offered by an instructor specially selected for that work. The legislature has made an appropriation for a building for Teachers College and the Model school and thus makes possible the complete transformation. The balance of the work of the Preparatory department will be transferred as soon as possible from the college departments now carrying it, to a separate Model school management and faculty. See full account of Model school, courses of study, time-table, etc., following. REFERENCES. For information in regard to “Expenses,” “Courses of Instruc- tion,” the “Recommendation Committee” and the “Summer School,” see index for the page. THE MODEL SCHOOL. Connected with Teachers College . FACULTY. C. C. SCHMIDT, M. A., Superintendent. *W. M. BRYANT, M. Acct., Instructor in Commercial Branches. *GERTRUDE BEERS, Instructor in Stenography and Typewriting. CHRISTINE HOLMES BOYSON, Instructor in English. GOLA F. BAKER, Instructor in Music and Drawing. E. T. WHITSON, Instructor in Stenography and Typewriting. Instructor in History and Civics. FLORA E. BALCH, Instructor in Mathematics. GEORGE M. JONES, Instructor in Commercial Branches. The remainder of the instruction is for the present given by the faculty of Teachers College. GENERAL INFORMATION. PRESENT STATUS. The old Preparatory Department of the University has been greatly reduced in numbers, and now, together with the School of Commerce, is being transformed into a model high school for Teachers College, to be used for the purpose of observation and practice. A portion of the classes of this school are now instructed by a separate faculty assisted by the senior students of Teachers College, the work being under the general supervision of the professor of School Administration. Lack of sufficient number of class rooms makes it necessary to allow the rest of the high school work to remain attached to the regular departments of the Resigned. 14 UNIVERSITY BULLETIN. University until the new Teachers College building, which the last legislative assembly provided for, can be completed. It is the hope of Teachers College to make this institution a model high school for North Dakota in the literal sense of the phrase and in every particular. It is felt that untold benefit will be rendered to our entire high school system if Teachers College can develop a school whose building, equipment, curriculum, and instruc- tion are of such a character as to furnish as nearly as possible a faultless pattern to our students and to visiting teachers and school officers from all parts of the state. THE COMMERCIAL DEPARTMENT. The Commercial Department of the Model School is the out- growth of the School of Commerce which was for a number of years a separate department of the University, and has enabled a large body of young people to secure a training in commercial subjects under the most helpful conditions. It is believed that the facilities offered are equal to those found in the best commercial schools of the country. The department occupies several commo- dious rooms, and is provided with furniture and equipment especially designed for its work. The model offices are supplied with stationery, books of account, filing cases, copying presses, etc., of the highest grade and design. A well selected departmental library, containing reference books and magazines dealing with commercial topics, is at the disposal of students. Throughout North Dakota and the adjoining states there are many young men and women occupying positions of trust and responsibility who received their business training in the School of Commerce. The course in Bank Accounting and Management (a part of Bookkeeping II) is so thorough and practical that many of our students have gone from the school room into active bank work, and there is an increasing demand upon us for persons to take such positions. Graduates from other high schools who desire to do so are allowed to enter the Model School for purely commercial subjects and may complete that part of the work in less time than indicated on the schedules. Classes in stenography will be organized at the beginning of the fall semester and again immediately after the Christmas vacation. All students in stenography, typewriting and bookkeeping will be THE MODEL SCHOOL. 15 allowed to advance as rapidly as they are able to complete the required work in a satisfactory manner. REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION. Applicants for admission to the Model High School must pass a satisfactory examination in reading, spelling, penmanship, arith- metic, English grammar, United States history and geography. A second grade teacher’s certificate or a common school diploma is accepted in lieu of the examination in all these subjects, and a certificate of the State High School Board is accepted in lieu of an examination in the subject which it covers. Students who have completed any of the high school subjects elsewhere and desiring to obtain credit for such work must make application for advanced standing during the first semester after entrance. Only a limited number of students can be admitted, but it is hoped to have every county in the state represented in the enroll- ment. Students are particularly invited from those communities that have no high schools or whose school offers only one, two or three years of high school work which they have completed. Such students will find a good opportunity for finishing their secondary education in this school. FEES. No tuition is charged in the Model School, but students must pay the annual incidental fee of five dollars, the deposit fee of three dollars, the library fee of seventy-five cents a semester, and the athletic fee of sveenty-five cents a semester, as required of students in the collegiate departments of the University. As the deposit is simply to cover any damage the student may do to the property of the University, so much of it as is not expended on this account is refunded at the close of the year. In addition to the above there are fees for certain subjects to cover the cost of materials used. Students in bookkeeping pay a business practice fee of three dollars a semester, and students in typewriting pay twenty-five cents a week for the use of the type- writer. For biology, physics and physiography the laboratory fee is one dollar, and for chemistry it is three dollars per semester; for manual training the shop fee is five dollars per semester for the half-course. i6 UNIVERSITY BULLETIN. SYSTEM OF MARKING. An examination is held in each course at the end of the semester from which no student can be exempted. The result of this exam- ination, combined with the student’s daily work, determines his grade which is reported as A, B, C, D, E, F, or I. In this system “A” is the highest and “D” the lowest passing mark. “E” means conditioned, “F” failed, “I” incomplete. A condition may be made up outside the class, but if a student has failed in a subject he can get credit in it only by taking it over again in class. An “Incom- plete” must be made up within two weeks after the student’s return to the school, else it becomes a condition or “E.” To secure a special examination for the removal of an Incomplete or a Condition the student must present to the instructor in charge a receipt from the Registrar for the required fee of one dollar. AMOUNT OF WORK. GRADUATION. The normal amount of work for a student is four full courses at a time, but a student whose work for one semester has averaged “B” grade will be allowed to take five courses as long as he carries them satisfactorily and thus shorten the time necessary for the completion of the curriculum. No extra credit for quality is given in the Model School. The satisfactory completion of sixteen courses, including the required subjects of the curriculum chosen, entitles a student to graduation from the Model School. SPECIAL STUDENTS. Persons for whom it is impossible to attend the entire time necessary for the completion of a four-year curriculum, and who wish for a shorter time to pursue special courses, will be admitted freely into existing classes for which they are prepared. Such students, however, must meet the requirements for admission as given elsewhere. COURSES OF STUDY. Below are listed the various subjects that are offered in the Model School. It will be noticed that a portion of the work is required or constant and the remainder is elective. The subjects should be taken as nearly as practicable in the order prescribed. The daily program or time table is arranged to accommodate the students who follow the schedule. Students will not be permitted to undertake subjects for which they are not sufficiently advanced. THE MODEL SCHOOL. l 7 The unit of measurement is a “course” which represents the amount of work done in carrying a study for one year with five recitations a week. In case a laboratory or unprepared work two or three periods are required as an equivalent of one recitation on a prepared lesson. THE GENERAL CURRICULUM. The purpose of this curriculum is twofold. It offers a first class general education of high school grade, and, secondly, it will also meet almost any specific demand that students may reasonably make upon a high school. The following specific ends may be pointed out: 1. It will prepare students for entering college. Students completing the curriculum in accordance with the requirements will be admitted to Teachers College or to the College of Liberal Arts of the University of North Dakota, without conditions provided they have taken two years of a foreign language. Students prepar- ing for admission to other colleges should ascertain the entrance requirements of the institution they have in view and select their studies accordingly. The requirements of the colleges of Engineer- ing and Medicine of the University will be found in this bulletin. 2. The curriculum offers a good business education. Students may take among their electives all the commercial work given in the schedule, and still meet the requirements for graduation. 3. While not posing as a normal school for teachers, the Model School in common with all good high schools, furnishes a splendid opportunity to prepare for the regular examinations for a first grade teacher’s certificate. The following subjects will be found especially valuable for that purpose : Art of teaching, psychology, senior grammar, senior arithmetic, algebra, advanced American history, civil government, physiology, penmanship and spelling, physical cul- ture, physical geography, commercial geography, plane geometry, physics, and the four courses in English, embracing reading, litera- ture, composition and rhetoric. 4. The courses in manual training and mechanical drawing will give a knowledge of materials and tools, acquaint the student with some of the underlying principles, and give him some degree of skill in the fundamental processes of the industrial arts. These courses are therefore preparatory to a great many things, and especially to the laboratories of a technical school and a thousand and one operations in practical life. i8 UNIVERSITY BULLETIN. THE COMMERCIAL CURRICULUM. This curriculum is provided for those students who wish to focus all their attention upon preparation for a business career. It does not prepare for college, because it omits several of the studies necessary for that purpose, but it does aim to train the student as an efficient accountant or stenographer, or for other responsible duties in the counting house, and it adds to this training courses in history, government, economics, commercial law, and other subjects essential to the education of the modern business man. For the electives the sciences, a modern language, mathematics, and history are recom- mended. Graduates completing this schedule receive a diploma certifying that they have completed the “Commercial Curriculum.” GENERAL CURRICULUM COMMERCIAL CURRICULUM © a ■Sg llfjfl g HH CD © -in r* gG-S^ a g-S S ® Safl a g>® o © o o 43 fl OCLiO O C M © .23 § * ® fcgj&® a CC 05 >» 0 H$T* Eh JR becks’ n a © © SS-s® Sh e_, •'H gisH fl © . © * * t-> a|d s* © 2 a © - ® §$|«£ dH 43 ^ al i ap-i t n 1-1 a o I fflN ,H h N © .a .-a © ® O O fl U Ph O > i 5 «- 1 S.Sw £ -u >> cub © ©43 a C5^d< W * * « *d jso ’3 "a *S g~*G a .2 w © 5 2 £ t, ©^43 >3 M »2 ►h 2 a k.^ob a. 2 g s.s In -*3 *J >3 (_ © © o-q be OPMOlkJ iR to ^ .2 to v* ® “a t H ’© l-a*fi > a u ■ rt a'S 2 £ © a? ^^© . 4 a s? ce-Q § a © •gu2 &<8 © re -tj*— ' i ©^ © h tn •< © 0 © -d •a O j?'U Tj PQcch<*3 ® H 0? flH « a .2 a (_l -4-3 © © ©43 0PO JU3 ^ "a be c © H '% 3.8 « © fi 2 >> u © ®43 • s d - a a © © © s«2 Ps7f®l §.2 .2 ©a a b? © © mm m S 0.2 re S3 be 2 >3 a © re ©43 HOPPP M 43 J ® « to 3P a ww •2 a J 3 w o © '^'3° a ©^4 HOP* '8 8 >3 5 © Sm ® •«4J TJ <5 ID © D O *See note 4 below. 20 UNIVERSITY BULLETIN. Explanatory notes on the curricula: 1. The courses in drawing, manual training, music, physical training and typewriting require no work outside the class, and the student is expected to devote six hours a week to them for a half-course and three hours a week for a quarter-course. 2. The fraction (J 4 ) or (* 4 ) after a subject shows that it extends through the year and is a half or a quarter-course with corresponding credit. 3. Commercial arithmetic and senior arithmetic, — a student may receive credit in either one but not in both of these courses. 4. Drawing, — a student may take freehand or mechanical drawing, or he may take courses in both of these lines up to a total of two credits. 4. Stenography I and II and Typewriting II are elective to students who take both courses in bookkeeping, and those who take both courses in stenography are not required to take Bookkeeping II. // ■ THE MODEL SCHOOL. 21 TIME TABLE. FOR THE MODEL SCHOOL. Period. Period. I 8:30 to 9:25 Algebra, Elementary. Drawing, Mechanical. History, General. Latin III. (Cicero) Physics. Physiography. V 1:30 to 2:25 Chemistry. Com’l Geogr., ist Sem. Com’l Arith., 2nd Sem. English IV. Geometry, Plane. Music I. Stenography II. II 9:30 to 10:25 Drawing, Freehand i. Drawing, Mechanical. English I. Stenography I. Latin IV. (Virgil) Political Econ’y, 1st. Sem. Commercial Law, 2 nd Sem. VI 2:30 to 3:25 Algebra, Adv’d, ist Sem. History, Adv. U. S. Civics, 2nd Sem. Com’l English. German I. Geometry, Solid, 2nd Sem. Latin I. Music II. Stenogr. begins Jan. 5. III 10:30 to 11 :25 Agriculture. English III. Manual Training. Padagogy. Pen’ship and Spelling. VII 3:30 to 4:25 Typewriting. Physical Training. IV 11 :30 to 12:25 B ookkeeping I. Botany. Drawing, Freehand II. English II. History, English, 2nd. Sem. Manual Training. Physics. Physiology, ist. Sem. All Day Bookkeeping II. German II. Latin II. (Caesar, etc.) Senior Arith. ist Sem. Senior Gram. 2nd Sem. DESCRIPTION OF MODEL SCHOOL COURSES. (Arranged in Alphabetical Order.) So far as possible the courses follow pretty closely the synopsis of work in the various subjects in the Manual of the State High School Board. In some instances, however, the courses of the Model School are more extensive than is required by the Board. Agriculture . — This course includes a study of soils, farm crops, farm animals, flowers, grasses, trees, birds and insects. A standard text-book on agriculture will be used the first part of the semester. 22 UNIVERSITY BULLETIN. Algebra , Elementary. — Through involution and evolution, the simpler processes of radicals and exponents and quadratics. Algebra , Advanced. — First Semester. — Theory of exponents (positive, negative, zero and fractional) radicals and radical equa- tions including imaginary expressions, quadratic equations and simultaneous quadratics, inequalities, ratio, proportion, arithmetical and geometrical progressions. Botany. — This course extends through the whole year. It com- prises a study of algae, fungi, liverworts, mosses, ferns, and flower- ing plants. Each plant is considered as an individual organism which passes through a cycle of existence. Cells, tissues, and organs representing several phases of the asexual and sexual genera- tions are studied. Physiological experiments in respiration, geot- ropism and other phenomena are used in studying protoplasmic responses to stimuli. Excursions into the fields and woods offer an opportunity for studying ecology and collecting material. Bookkeeping I. — The Sadler-Rowe Budget System is used in this course. This system brings the counting-house into the school room. Immediately upon entering school the student is given a position as bookkeeper and begins the actual practice of a book- keeper’s duties from the first day. A budget is placed in his hands containing his employer’s instructions printed upon leaves between which are arranged the incoming business papers (bills, orders, letters, notes, drafts, checks, currency, etc.) from which he makes the proper entries in a set of books provided, and makes out the outgoing papers according to the proprietor’s direction. He intelli- gently practices bookkeeping. All the entries in his books are made direct from the business papers received and issued. An account is opened at our University Merchants Bank (operated by students), deposits made, checks issued, and discounts negotiated. After becoming familiar with the duties of his first position, the student is promoted to that of bookkeeper for a larger establishment, and other budgets are placed before him. A more extended set of books is introduced, and his knowledge of business transactions and the resulting entries in various books is broadened step by step. New features are added as the student is able to master them. Partners are admitted and partnership interests adjusted. Special department accounts and branch store accounts are required. Bookkeeping II. — This is a continuation of Course I in the same subject. The aim of Course I is to ground the student thor- THE MODEL SCHOOL. 23 oughly in the fundamental principles of accounts and to make him familiar with all kinds of business paper, while Course II gives him practice in applying these principles to various lines of business and in the use of many of the devices employed in modern business offices. We have well equipped offices illustrating banking, whole- saling, commission, real estate, insurance, and transportation busi- ness. Corporation, accounting in its various phases is fully illus- trated. Loose leaf ledgers and card systems are employed in some parts of the work. Students in this course work in conjunction with students in four other colleges with which we carry on inter-communication business practice by mail. This adds a realistic feature which makes the work very attractive to the student and excites him to his best endeavor. Chemistry. — The student is introduced into the elements of the science by experiments, recitations and talks on general chemistry, accompanied by sufficient practical laboratory work to familiarize him thoroughly with the peculiar chemical action of the elements and their compounds, special attention being given to those of most common occurrence and general use. The work is about equivalent to that of Remsen’s College Chemistry. Civics. — Second Semester. — The aim of this course is to give the pupil a knowledge of actual government, as well as a knowledge of the structure or framework of government. A part of the study is given to North Dakota civics, and this work is made as concrete as possible. A careful comparative study is also made of the con- stitutions of the United States and of North Dakota. Commercial Arithmetic. — Second Semester. — No one is pre- pared to assume the responsibilities of an accountant who does not understand arithmetic as used in business transactions, — short meth- ods of multiplication, division, percentage, insurance, commission, profit and loss, weights and measures. Commercial English. — A half Course. — The purpose of this course is to give increased facility in the correct use of language; to give a thorough drill in composition, punctuation, capitalization and the right use of words ; and to make the pupil familiar with the verious kinds of business papers. The course provides careful train- ing in commercial correspondence, and in writing advertisements, telegrams, promissory notes, checks, drafts, orders, bills, etc. A review of the most helpful parts of English grammar is also included. This is an excellent course for stenographers. 24 UNIVERSITY BULLETIN. Commercial Geography. — First Semester. — This subject treats of the numerous commodities produced in the different parts of the world accessible to man ; whether they are found in a natural state and converted to the use of man, or cultivated and grown by his aid, or manufactured and changed in form or composition so as to be fitted for his use. It also treats of the markets of such commo- dities and their transportation. Commercial geography regards the world purely from a commercial and industrial standpoint. Supple- mentary to the work in the text, the students make extensive use of government reports and special works of reference to be found in the University library. Students are assigned special topics for research and report. A number of charts, maps and specimens of products have been collected for this work. A series of lantern slides, illustrating various phases of the subject, have been pro- cured, and illustrated lectures are given from time to time. Considerable progress has been made in the direction of collect- ing materials for a commercial museum. The object of the museum is to exhibit for the inspection of students, especially those inter- ested in the study of commercial geography, many of the materials of commerce in both the raw and manufactured state. So far as possible the exhibits will be made to illustrate the stages through which the product passes in preparation for the market. Commercial Lazv. — Second Semester. — The topics studied in this subject are those with which every person doing business for himself or others should be familiar, — contracts, negotiable paper, sales of personal property, agency, partnership, corporations, insurance, bailments, real estate conveyances. A library of valuable reference books is at the disposal of students taking this course. Drazuing , Freehand. — Course I — a half-course. Drawing from geometrical models, fruits and other objects; from still life, and from a life model ; flowers, grasses and other plant studies. Atten- tion will be paid to the study of form, perspective, light and shade, color and value and textures. Pencil, charcoal, and water colors will be used as mediums . Course II, — a half-course. Open to all students who have completed Course I and to others who have done equivalent work elsewhere. Consideration of rules of perspective; advanced study of casts and life model; design; study of pictures; art history. Drawing , Mechanical. — Course I. — This is a half course and consists of a thorough training in mechanical freehand drawing THE MODEL SCHOOL. 25 using orthographic projection instead of perspective. The object sought is not only to impart skill to the hand but also to train the eye to appreciate distance and to observe minute details as illus- trated in the correct proportions of drawing. The freehand work is followed by instrumental drawing and tracing. Course II, — a half-course. This is a continuation of Course I and includes the working out of details, lettering and the making of working drawings, blue printing, etc. Other courses in mechanical drawing will be offered when there is a demand for the same. English. — Course I. (a) Review of English grammar; three recitations a week for three months. (b) Elementary English composition and rhetoric; three reci- tations a week for six months. (c) Masterpieces; two recitations a week throughout the year. For Study: Burroughs’ Sharp Eyes ; Dickens’ Christmas Carol; Goldsmith’s Desterted Village; Gray’s Elegy; Hawthorne’s Great Stone Face, My Visit to Niagara, The Ambitious Guest, Old Ticonderoga, The Great Carbuncle; Lowell’s Vision of Sir Launfal, The Present Crisis, Freedom, To W. L. Garrison, Wendell Phillips, The First Snow-fall, The Changeling, Aladdin. For Cursory Reading: Cooper’s Last of the Mohicans ; Poe’s Gold Bug; Warner’s A Hunting of the Deer, How I Killed a Bear, Lost in the Woods, Camping Out. Course II. — Advanced rhetoric and composition, twice a week; masterpieces, three times a week; compositions in connection with the preceding throughout the year. For Study: Arnold’s Sohrab and Rustum ;Burns’ The Cotter’s Saturday Night, To a Mouse. To a Mountain Daisy, For A’ That and A’ That, Epistle to J. Lapraik, Highland Mary, To Mary in Heaven, My Heart’s in the Highlands, Bruce to His Men at Bannockburn, Bonnie Doon ; Carlyle’s Essay on Burns ; Macaulay’s Milton; Milton’s Minor Poems and Sonnets; The Merchant of Venice. For Cursory Reading: As You Like It, The Iliad (books 1, 6, 22, 24), The Lady of the Lake, Treasure Island. Course III. — History of English literature, twice a week ; masterpieces, three times a week and composition writing in con- nection with both of these lines. For Study: De Coverley Papers, The Ancient Mariner, Burke’s 26 UNIVERSITY BULLETIN. Conciliation. Macaulay’s Essays on Addison, Macbeth, In Me- moriam. For Cursory Reading: — Byron’s The Prisoner of Chillon, The Destruction of Sennacherib, Maid of Athens, Mafceppa; Flight of a Tartar Tribe, Silas Marner, Julius Caesar, Ivanhoe; Tennyson’s The Coming of Arthur, Launcelot and Elaine, Guinevere, The Pass- ing of Arthur. Course IV. History of American literature, twice a week; masterpieces, three times a week, and composition writing in con- nection with both of these lines . Geometry , Plane. — The subject as given in standard text-books. Attention is paid to numerical and graphic applications. Geometry , Solid. — Second Semester. — The course as given in standard text-books in the subject. German. — Course I. Bacon’s German Grammar ; Glueck Auf ! ; Immensee. Careful drill in pronunciation, accidence, and elementary syntax; memorizing of short poems; much writing and conversa- tion. Course II. Fossler’s Practical German Conversation; Minna von Barnhelm; Wilhelm Tell; Die Journalisten, or similar works. Reproduction from outlines. History. — The history work in the Model High School is arranged with two purposes in view. First, to give those who go no farther in their studies an intelligent view of the nature and order of development of the chief interests and institutions of some section of human society. Second, to qualify those who take further academic work to enter their more specialized and intensive social science studies. Two principles are recognized in arranging and carrying out the following courses to be given at present. First, the modern and the present is more valuable for practical citizenship purposes than the ancient and remote. Second, the socially significant, that which accounts for the changes and evolution of social institutions, receives chief emphasis. I. English History. — Second Semester. — The location and physical conditions of England. The effect of the fusing of popula- tions on the formation of English institutions. The growth of political institutions as conditioned by the economic changes and social stratification. The Reformation in England. The industrial revolution, social legislation and reform since that time. THE MODEL SCHOOL. 2 7 II. General History. — First Semester, Ancient History. — The beginnings of civilization in the East. The contributions of Greece and Rome. The break-up, and transition to the new. To A. D. 800. Text: Morey’s Ancient History. Second Semester, Modern History. — New invasions; Feudal- ism; France; Germany; Holy Roman Empire; Empire and Papacy; Crusades; rise of cities; rise of monarchic states; the Renaissance; the Reformation ; rise of modern nation states. The French Revo- lution ; modern European development ; problems of the present age. III. Advanced American History. — Second Semester. — In this course relatively little time is given to exploration, discoveries, and details of the different colonies. Two or three colonies serve as types of the others. The growth of the Union, especially the Economic and political causes of the “Revolution.” Its significant economic and the inherent social causes of Union are emphasized, phases. The founding of the new nation; attempts at constitution making, — failures, — remedies ; rise of parties ; becoming independent of Europe; territorial expansion; beginning of industrial revolution in America development of the West ; rise of new transportation systems; the West, and the rise and expansion of the new democ- racy; the development of. slavery; Civil War, and reconstruction; rise of the “Industrial Age”; present problems. Text: Ashley’s American History. Latin. — Course I. Latin Lessons, and reading of easy prose. Course II. Selections from Viri Romae, Nepos, and Caesar’s Gallic War; sight reading; prose composition. Course III. Cicero: Orations in Catilinam, De Imperio Pom- pei, and Pro Archia; sight reading; prose composition. Course IV. Vergil: Aenid, Books I- VI. The structure of the dactylic hexameter is studied, and careful attention is paid to the correct reading of the Latin text. Sight reading ; prose compo- sition. Manual Training. — Course I, a half-course. In this course the students are taught the proper use and care of the carpenter’s and cabinet-maker’s tools by means of a series of graduated exercises in joinery followed by exercises in wood-turning, after which the stud- ents take up cabinet making and make some useful cabinet or other piece of furniture. Course II, — a half-course. This is a continuation of Course I. Other Courses. Courses in iron working will be offered when the demand warrants. 28 UNIVERSITY BULLETIN. It is planned to develop this work as rapidly as possible and to build up a model manual training department in the belief that thereby a valuable service would be rendered to every progressive high school in the state. Music . — Course I, a half course. Work in vocal music designed to follow such training as is usually given in the elementary school. Rote songs, these to be used later as a basis of sight reading; study of rhythm; major, chromatic, and minor scales; elementary work in ear-training, expression, invention, and harmony. Course II, a half-course. Harmony. For students who have completed Course I, or who have elsewhere had the work which it embraces. Some ability in piano or organ is also desirable. This course trains the student to harmonize a simple soprano in four vocal parts, involving, in major or minor modes, diatonic chords of the seventh and modulation, transient or complete, to next related keys; also, to analyze (by indicating the keys, the chords and the various non-harmonic tones employed) a simple piece of music involving altered chords, passing tones, suspensions, appoggiaturas, and pedal-point. Pedagogy . — This course is substantially the same as that out- lined for high schools in the Manual of the State High School Board. First Semester. — Elementary Psychology. This semeter’s work deals, in an elementary way, with the facts and theories of general psychology. Its aim is to introduce the student to a study of his own mental states as a preparation for tfie systematic and intelligent observation and direction of the lives of others. Second Semester. — Art of Teaching. The time of the semester will be about equally given to the two subjects, School Management and Special Method. In the former a text will be used and in con- nection therewith the problems of the rural school thoroughly discussed. The aim of the work in Special Methods will be to discuss and develop rational methods of handling the various subjects of the elementary course of study. Penmanship and Spelling , — a half-course. Lessons are given in rapid business writing throughout the year, and a drill upon the spelling, pronunciation and meaning of difficult words with special emphasis on those used in business. Physical Training . — The director’s aim is to give each student a sufficient amount of suitable physical exercise, and to make the same pleasureable as well as beneficial. Students report for duty THE MODEL SCHOOL. 2 9 three hours a week and receive one-fourth of a credit for satisfac- tory work. All young ladies rooming in the dormitories are required to take physical training. Others are required to take one year of this work.. Physics. — The subject is taught by experimental lectures, recitations and laboratory work. Each student is required to per- form at least fifty selected experiments during the year, and to make a carefully written report of his observations, results and conclusions in each experiment. Physiography. — The various forces which are shaping the earth’s surface are first considered, followed by the study of the composition of the earth, the student becoming familiar with some of the common minerals and rocks. The different land forms are then taken up in detail with special reference to their origin, and in this work the surface features of North Dakota receive particular attention. Recitations, lectures, laboratory work and field excur- sions. Physiology. — First Semester. — This elementary course in physiology and hygiene includes a treatment of the following topics : the cell, unicellular organisms, structure of tissues, the teeth, foods, digestion and nutrition, circulation, respiration, ventilation, excre- tion, nervous system, special senses and voice, personal hygiene, public health and sanitation, individual responsibility, etc. The course consists of class recitations, lectures, demonstra- tions, and experiments. Text-book: Davison’s or an equivalent, with special reference work. Political Economy. — This is an elementary course, giving a general survey of the whole field of economics. The underlying principles of the science are studied, and also their application to social and economic problems. Senior Grammar. — Prerequisites; two year-courses in English. This subject is an elective for all students, but especially recom- mended to those whose aim is teaching. The course is similar in grade and content to that outlined in the Manual of the State High School Board. The aim is a comprehensive and intensive study of the subject for such a mastery as was impossible three or four years before in the eight grade, and also a conscious study of the pedagogical procedure. In the grades grammar must be, largely, a formal study, while here it is a thought subject par excellence. Senior Arithmetic. — Prerequisites: algebra and plane geometry 30 UNIVERSITY BULLETIN. This subject is an elective for all students, but especially recom- mended to those whose aim it is to prepare for teaching. The grade and content of the course are substantially the same as that announced and outlined in detail in the high school manual in this state. It affords an excellent review, but this is only incidental. The main purpose is an insight into the why of all the arithmetical pro- cesses and a knowledge and practice of good pedagogical procedure. The student brings to this subject a maturity and scholarship which he did not have when he studied arithmetic three or four years before in the eighth grade and when it was impossible to secure a thorough grasp, or mastery of the subject. Stenography I. — The aim of Course I in this subject is to train stenographers to write at a good rate of speed and transcribe notes accurately and rapidly on the typewriter. The first part of the course is devoted to the principles of the system ; the latter part is planned with reference to the needs of the amanuensis, dictation being given in actual business correspondence, which is transcribed and handed in for criticism. The Gregg shorthand is used. The regular class in this course comes at Period II, but an additional class of begin- ners is organized immediately after the Christmas vacation and meets at Period VI. Stenography II. — Prerequisite, Course I. This course is planned with reference to the needs of the reporter. This work consists of advanced dictation leading to newspaper and court reporting. Special attention is given to legal forms. Opportunity is offered for practical work in reporting lectures, sermons and debates. Typewriting I, — a half-course. In the first part of this course the student’s efforts are directed to acquiring a command of the keyboard of the typewriter by the touch method. Following this well selected business forms are copied, neatness and accuracy being the chief requirements. All work is carefully examined, criticised, and graded. All work which meets the required standard is filed by the student and from time to time is bound into portfolios to be preserved until the completion of the course. Typewriting may be taken up at any time during the school year, as the instruction is almost wholly individual. Hours are arranged to suit the student’s program in other studies. Typewriting II, — a half -course. In this advanced work short- hand notes are transcribed on the machine, and dictation is given for THE MODEL SCHOOL. 31 the purpose of acquiring speed. Speed tests are held frequently, and students are stimulated to do accurate and rapid work. Tabulating, manifolding, and manuscript copying (such as is required in Civil Service examinations) form a part of the work. The department is equipped with the standard writing machines, mineographs, copy- ing presses, and filing cases, and each student is given the oppor- tunity to become proficient in the methods employed in the best equipped modern offices.