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 OCTOBER, 1906 
 
 BULLETIN 
 
 OF THE 
 
 State College of Kentucky 
 
 LEXINGTON, KY. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OP if f 
 
 PRESIDENT'S OFfJC 
 
 FROM THE 
 
 Laboratory of Anatomy and Physiology 
 
 PUBLISHED BY THE COLLEGE 
 
 August 9, 1902, at Lexington, Kentucky, as second class matter, under Act of Congress, July 16, 1894 
 
 I 
 
1 
 
OSSIFICATION 
 
 
 oyr 
 
 
 OF THE 
 
 Epiphyses of the Hand. 
 
 X-RAY METHOD. 
 
 BY 
 
 J. W. PRYOR, M. D. 
 
 Professor of Anatomy and Physiology, State College 
 of Kentucky, Lexingion, Kentucky 
 
 LEXINGTON, KY. 
 
 PRESS OF TRANSYLVANIA COMPANY 
 1906 
 
FIG. I. M. B., FEMALE, AGE 1 YEAR, 2 MONTHS, 20 DAYS. 1st CHILD. 
 
THE OSSIFICATION OF THE 
 EPIPHYSES OF THE HAND 
 
 The Epiphyses of the hand are all cartilaginous at birth. The diaphyses are 
 well advanced in ossification, having commenced this process “about the eighth 
 week of intra-nterine life.” 
 
 The first point of ossification to appear, of the epiphyses, is that of the lower 
 extremity of the radius. While the lower extremity of the radios and the olna are 
 not a part of the hand, I think the development of these epiphyses should he con- 
 sidered in connection with the development of the hand. 
 
 In the hand of the female a point of ossification may appear, in the epiphysis, 
 of the lower extremity of the radios, as early as two or three months after birth. 
 
 This we see in the hand of M. B. female, age one year, two months and twenty 
 days (Fig. I). I will here call attention to all of the illustrations given, the young- 
 est of which indicates an early ossification of this epiphysis. In every hand of the 
 female I have seen, the size of the nucleus would indicate its appearance before 
 the close of the first year, and in the majority about the eighth month. This 
 epiphysis will unite with the shaft between the seventeenth and twentieth years. 
 In the majority of instances it will unite about the twentieth year. It appears 
 earlier than that of the ulna, but is later in uniting with the shaft. 
 
 In the hand of the male the epiphysis of the lower extremity of the radius is a 
 few months later in developing. The hand of P. M. male, age ten months and seven 
 days, does not show any evidence of ossification of this epiphysis. A negative of 
 the same hand taken a few months later, i. e., at the age of one year, six months, 
 and six days, (Fig. IX.), shows an oblong nucleus, five m. m. in width and two m. m. 
 in thickness, indicating its appearance soon after the close of the first year. 
 
FIG. II. M. B., FEMALE, AGE 2 YEARS, 3 MONTHS, 10 DAYS. 1st CHILD 
 
PIG. III. M. B., FEMALE, AGE 3 YEARS, 2 MONTHS, 9 DAYS. 1st CHILD 
 
This is a fifth child of his parents and would he somewhat slower in developing, 
 in every hand of the male, that I have examined, a point of ossification had appeared 
 in the epiphysis of the lower extremity of the radius before the child was two years 
 of age. 
 
 T think in a majority of the cases this epiphysis will begin to ossify in the hand 
 of the male early in the second year, that is about the fifteenth month. This epi- 
 physis will unite with the shaft about the twenty-first year. Like the hand of the 
 female, it appears before that of the ulna, but is later uniting with the shaft. 
 
 A point of ossification of the epiphysis of the lower extremity of the ulna , 
 of the hand of the female, may appear before the end of the fifth year. The young- 
 est hand I have seen in which this epiphysis had appeared was at the age of four 
 years and six months. 1 have observed a few when between five and six years of age. 
 At least ninety per cent, will not appear until the child is six years of age, and be- 
 tween that and seven. Although this epiphysis appears four or five years after that 
 of the radius, it unites with the shaft before it. It unites with the shaft about the 
 eighteenth year, sometimes several years sooner. 
 
 In the hand of the male, the earliest appearance of the epiphysis of the lower 
 extremity of the ulna, was at the age of five years and four months. Very few ap- 
 peared before the child was seven years of age, and the majority between seven and 
 eight years old. In the hand of the male, this epiphysis will unite with the shaft 
 about the nineteenth or twentieth year. 
 
 In regard to the ossification of the epiphyses of the hand, Cunningham 1 
 says : “The secondary centers from which the heads of the second, third, fourth, 
 and fifth metacarpal s and the base of the first are developed appear about the third 
 year and usually completely fuse with the shaft about the age of twenty. There 
 
 may he an independent center for the Styloid process of the third metacarpal. The 
 phalanges are ossified from primary and secondary centers. From the former, 
 
 which appear as early as the ninth week of foetal life, the shaft and distal ex- 
 tremities are developed ; whilst the latter, which begin to appear about the third 
 
 l Text Book of Anatomy, Cunningham, pages 212, 213. 
 
FIG. IV. C. G. B„ FEMALE. AGE 1 YEAR, 9 MONTHS, 24 DAYS. 1st CHILD 
 
s 
 
 year, form the proximal epiphyses, which unite with the shaft from eighteen to 
 twenty.” 
 
 I quote from Morris 2 as follows : “Each of the metacarpal hones and pha- 
 langes are ossified from a primary center for the greater part of the hone and from 
 one epiphyseal center. The primary nucleus appears from the eighth to the tenth 
 week of intra-uterine life. In the inner four metacarpal hones the epiphysis is 
 distal, whilst in the first metacarpal hone, and in all the phalanges it is proximal. 
 The epiphyseal nuclei appear from the third to the fifth year and are united to 
 their respective shafts about the twentieth year. The third metacarpal occasionally 
 has an additional nucleus for the prominent Styloid process, which may remain 
 distinct and form a Styloid bone, and traces of a proximal epiphysis have been ob- 
 served in the second metacarpal bone.” 
 
 Holden 3 gives the following: “Each metacarpal bone has a center of ossifica- 
 tion for the shaft and proximal end, which appears near the distal end about the 
 eighth week of foetal life. Each also has an epiphysis at its distal end, of which 
 the nucleus appears from about the third to the fifth year. The metacarpal bone of 
 the thumb, however, has its epiphysis at the proximal end, like the phalanges of 
 the fingers. All unite to the shaft about the nineteenth year. Each phalanx has 
 two centers of ossification : one for the shaft and distal end, appearing about the 
 eighth week; the other for the proximal end, appearing from the third to the fifth 
 year, and remaining an epiphysis till about the twentieth year." 
 
 Gray 4 says: “The metacarpal bones are each developed by two centers, one 
 for the shaft and one for the distal extremity, for the four inner metacarpal bones, 
 one for the shaft and one for the base, for the metacarpal bone of the thumb, which 
 in this respect resembles the phalanges. About the third year the digital extremities 
 of the four inner metacarpal bones and the base of the first metacarpal begins to 
 ossify and they unite about the twentieth year. 
 
 “The phalanges are each developed by two centers ; one for the shaft and one 
 
 2 Human Anatomy, Morris, page 152. 
 
 3 Human Osteology, Holden, pages 3 35-33 8. 
 
 4 Gray’s anatomy, pages 205, 206. 
 
FIG. V. D. D„ FEMALE, AGE 2 YEARS, 2 MONTHS, 23 DAYS. 4th CHILD. 
 
10 
 
 for the base. Ossification of the base commences in the first row between the third 
 and fourth years, and a year later in those of the second and third row. The two 
 centers become united in each row, between the eighteenth and twentieth years.” 
 
 Poland 5 differs but little from the others quoted, he says: “The epiphysis 
 of the metacarpal hone of the thumb is developed like one of the phalanges, the 
 epiphysis being situated at its prixomal end. In the four inner or true metacarpals 
 the epiphysis is placed at the lower extremity. Both morphologically and develop- 
 mental^ this bone should be regarded as a phalanx. The epiphyses hitherto car- 
 tilaginous in all the metacarpal bones begin to ossify about the third and unite with 
 the shaft about the nineteenth year. Ossification takes place successively from the 
 first phalanges to the second, and lastly in the third, in the first row from the third 
 to the fourth year and on the second and third row from the fourth to the fifth 
 year. The epiphysis of the terminal phalanx of the little finger is frequently ab- 
 sent, the epiphyses unite to their respective shafts about the nineteenth year.” 
 
 My observations differ very materially from the above, quoted from the latest 
 editions of these standard works. 
 
 There is no distinction made by any of these authors between the hand of the 
 male and that of the female, and yet there can be no question that the hand of the 
 female developes much sooner than that of the male. As 1 have said before, this 
 is first measured by days, then months, then years. The fully developed hand of 
 the female being at least two years in advance of that of the male. Whilst the indi- 
 vidual skiagrams show this difference in the development of the hand of the female 
 in advance of that of the male, the contrast is more distinctly and picturesquely 
 shown in twins of the same sex and those of different sexes. 
 
 In the hands of twins of the same sex (Figs. XYI. and XV LI.), Beula S. 
 and Bertha S., female, age six years, seven months, and seven days— eighth children 
 of parents — we see a duplicate development. With the exception of the nucleus of 
 the lower extremity of the ulna these two hands are as much alike as two peas in a 
 pod. Xot so with Figs. XYI 1 1. and XIX., Frmie K., male, and Erna K., female, 
 age five years, one month, and twelve days, first children of parents. The hand of 
 5 Skiagraphic Atlas, Poland, pages, 5, 6. 
 
FIG. VI. C. I)., FEMALE, AGE 4 YEAKS, 8 MONTHS. 18 DAYS. 3d CHILD. 
 
the girl is decidedly in advance ol the hov. V hilst this is evidenced by the epiphyses, 
 the hones of tlie carpus; in which we see three hones, i. c.. the trapezium, trapezoid, 
 and the scaphoid, present in the hand of the female that have not appeared in the 
 hand of the male ; gives us the hest evidence ol the hand of the female developing 
 in advance of that of the male. There are no exceptions to this rule. 
 
 The second epiphysis to appear in the hand of the female is that of the prox- 
 imal extremity, of the first phalanx of the middle finger, followed by the ring, 
 index, and little fingers, then the thumb. The first named may appear as early as 
 the sixth month, as seen in the hand of M. B. female, age one year, two months, 
 and twenty days (Fig. I.). The size of this nucleus would indicate eight to ten 
 months' growth. Another exposure of this hand was made at the age of two years, 
 three months, and ten days (Fig. IF), which shows two new centers, that of the 
 first phalanx of the thumb and that of the second phalanx of the little finger. These 
 I have noticed in a number of instances develope synchronously. This mav he a 
 coincidence. I shall endeavor to determine, sometime in the future, if they hear 
 an anatomical relationship. Another exposure of this hand was made at the age of 
 three years, two months, and nine days (Fig. Ill), in which we have all the epi- 
 physes. The last to appear is that of the ungual phalanx of the little finger. All 
 have appeared before the child was three years of age. 
 
 This is not an exceptional hand, as will be seen when compared with Fig. 
 IV., C. (t. B., female, age one year, nine months, and twenty-four days. In this 
 hand all the epiphyses have appeared. The size of the epiphyses of the first row of 
 phalanges and those of the metacarpal hones, and the form they are assuming, 
 would indicate something of the time of their appearance. The first named, ap- 
 pearing as early as the sixth or eighth month, and all, with the exception of those 
 of the metacarpal hone of the thumb, have made their appearance before the close 
 of the fifteenth month. That of the second metacarpal bone appeared synchronous 
 with or soon after that of* the first phalanx of the middle finger, i. e., between the 
 sixth and eighth month, followed bv the third, fourth, fifth, and lastly the first or 
 metacarpal bone of the thumb, in which we see a minute point of ossification, ap- 
 pearing in the twenty-second month or late in the second year. The epiphyses of 
 the second row of phalanges, beginning with the middle finger, began to ossify late 
 
FIG. VII. E. C., FEMALE, AGE 2 YEAES, 5 MONTHS, 13 DAYS. 2d CHILD 
 
in the first year. This was followed by the ring, the index, and little finger. All 
 must have appeared before the close of the fifteenth month. The ungual epiphyses 
 are all present. That of the thumb appearing first, having commenced to ossify 
 as soon as the tenth month. The thumb is followed by the middle finger, then the 
 ring finger, the index finger and lastly by the little finger, in which we see a small 
 point of ossification, making its appearance in the twenty-second month. In this 
 hand we have an instance in which all of the epiphyses have appeared before the 
 child was two years of age. In some respects this hand is far in advance of the one 
 just described, and in some respects it presents a slower development. Note the 
 cuneiform in the former and its absence in the latter. 
 
 We will next consider the hand of D. D., female, age two years, two months, 
 and twenty-three days, fourth child of parents (Fig. V.). This child is but a few 
 months over two years of age and all of the epiphyses have appeared. That of the 
 ungual phalanx of the little finger is a minute point, but is distinct in both hands. 
 All of the other epiphyses are well advanced in ossification. In some respects this 
 hand is in advance of either of the two previously described. Note the size of the 
 nuclei of the metacarpal epiphyses and those of the magnum, unciform and cunei- 
 form bones. The sister of this child (Fig. VI.), C. D., age four years, eight months, 
 and eighteen days, is given for the sake of comparison. The advanced state of 
 ossification of all of the epiphyses in this hand shows that this process had com- 
 menced fully as soon as that of the sister two years and six months younger. All 
 of these epiphyses had commenced to ossify before the child was two and one-half 
 years of age. I will also call attention to the chronological development of the 
 bones of the carpus, in which we find the trapezoid preceding the scaphoid. The 
 younger sister has not reached the age when these should appear. However, I 
 expect to find her hand developing in the same order. 
 
 The next illustration is that of E. C., female, age two years, five months, and 
 thirteen days, second child of parents (Fig. VII.). All of the epiphyses of this 
 hand have commenced ossification except that of the first phalanx of the thumb, 
 the second phalanx of the little finger (you will see the similarity concerning these 
 two), and the ungual phalanges of the index and little fingers. The ossification 
 
FIG. VIII. E. W., FEMALE, AGE 2 YEARS, li MONTHS 
 
 2d CHILI) 
 
5th CHILD. 
 
 FIG. IX. P. M., MALE, AGE I YEAli. (i MONTHS, 6 DAYS. 
 
PIG. X. P. M.. MALE, AGE 1 YEAR, 11 MONTHS, 11 DAYS. 
 
 5th CHILD. 
 
18 
 
 of the epiphyses of this hand is similar to those described. All of the nuclei will 
 have appeared before the child is three years of age. 
 
 The last illustration T will give showing the ossification of the epiphyses of 
 the hand of the female is that of E. W., age two years and eleven months, second 
 child of parents (Fig. A TT!.). This is a precocious hand and in every respect 
 much in advance of the others, and, of course, is in advance of the average. This 
 is. a poor negative, showing considerable motion, but T could not forego presenting 
 it as one of these illustrations. The most of the epiphyses are distinct and the 
 nuclei quite large. Five of the carpal bones are developing rapidly. 
 
 After a careful investigation of these and a number of other hands of females 
 three years of age and younger, T have thought the average hand of the female 
 would develope in the following order: The epiphysis of the first phalanx of the 
 middle finger will show the first point of ossification before the close of the first 
 year. This will be followed by the ring and index, then the little finger. All will 
 have appeared by the close of the fifteenth month. Synchronous with, or immedi- 
 ately after this, the epiphyses of the distal extremities of the metacarpal bones will 
 appear in the following order: The first to appear is that of the index finger, then 
 the middle, then the ring, then the little finger, and lastly the thumb. That of 
 the index finger will make its appearance before the close of the first year. All 
 will have appeared by the fifteenth month, except that of the thumb, which usually 
 does not commence to ossify until the child is over two years of age. The epiphyses 
 of the second row of phalanges appear in the same order as those of the first row, 
 i. e., middle , ring, index, little fingers successively. The first named appears about 
 the close of the first year. All are usually present before the child is two years of 
 age. The epiphysis of the first phalanx of the thumb appears synchronous with 
 that of the second phalanx of the little finger before the close of the second year. 
 
 The last row of phalanges or ungual phalanges appear in the following order: 
 The first point to appear is in the thumb, followed by the middle, ring, index and 
 little fingers. The first named will appear early in the second year or between the 
 fifteenth and twentieth month. That of the middle fiuger will appear soon after 
 the thumb. All will have made their appearance before the close of the third year 
 or by the time the child is three years of age. 
 
FIG. XI. W. S., MALE, AGE 1 YEAR, 9 MONTHS, 10 DAYS. 1st CHILD. 
 
In illustrating the ossification of the epiphyses in the hand of the male, the 
 youngest, hand 1 have showing points of ossification in these epiphyses is that of 
 P. M., age one year, six months, and six days (Fig. IX.). This is a fifth child of 
 parents and is somewhat slower in development than the first or second children. 
 As in the hand of the female, the first epiphysis to appear is that of the lower ex- 
 tremity of the radius. The nucleus is 5x2 m. m. This evidently appeared soon 
 after the close of the first year. In this hand the second epiphyses to begin the 
 process of ossification is a proximal epipsysis to the second metacarpal hone. I 
 would judge this made its appearance at the close of the first year. 
 
 I have observed this extra epiphysis in the hands of hut six families out of 
 over two hundred families. It is therefore not of common occurrence, but is com- 
 paratively rare, and only occurs as a family characteristic-. 1 can state this positively . 
 It unites very soon with the shaft, sometimes before the fourth year, usually by 
 the sixth or seventh year, although the union may he delayed until the fourteenth 
 year. As it sometimes unites with the shaft so early, it is possible I may have a 
 number of hands in which the epiphyseal line is completely obliterated, and it may 
 occur with more frequency than my observations would indicate. 
 
 In this hand the next epiphysis to appear was that of the middle finger of the 
 first row of phalanges, followed by the ring and index fingers. That of the little 
 finger has not appeared I would judge, these made their appearance about the 
 fifteenth month. There is a minute point of ossification in the ungual phalanx 
 of the thumb appearing in the eighteenth month. 
 
 Another exposure, of this hand, was made at the age of one year, eleven 
 months, and six days, that is, five months following the last (Fig. X.). All the 
 epiphyses present at the previous sitting have increased in size. You will see the 
 nucleus of the proximal epiphysis of the second metacarpal has increased in size and 
 is rapidly uniting with the shaft. The new points of ossification to be seen are, 
 the distal epiphyses of the second and third metacarpals, and those of the second 
 row of phalanges, beginning with the middle finger, then the ring finger, all ap- 
 pearing before the close of the second year. 
 
 In this hand (Fig. IX.) we find the first appearance of a scale-like epiphysis, 
 sometimes present at the distal extremity of the first metacarpal. 
 
FIG. XII. G. 
 
 G.. 
 
 MALE, AGE 3 YEARS, 5 DAYS. 
 
 FIRST CHILD. 
 
22 
 
 Cunningham 6 says of this epiphysis: “There is usually a scale-like epiphysis 
 on the head of the first metacarpal, which makes its appearance about eight or ten, 
 and rapidly unites with the head.” 
 
 Morris 7 says : “In many cases the first metacarpal has two epiphyses, one for 
 the base in the third and an additional one for the head in the seventh year, but 
 the latter is never so large as in the other metacarpal hones.” 
 
 Poland 8 says : “Traces of a distal epiphysis in the metacarpal bone of the 
 thumb are usually to be seen, and in some instances a distinct epiphysis (as in the 
 Seal and some other animals) is visible at the age of seven or eight years.” 
 
 Holden 9 says : “Very often there is a distal epiphysis appearing in the meta- 
 carpal of the thumb about the eighth year and an epiphysis at the proximal end of 
 the second metacarpal about the same time.” 
 
 My observations are quite different from those quoted. I have found this 
 epiphysis present in about six per cent, of the cases. It is possible it occurs with 
 greater frequency, as it unites with the head of the bone very rapidly and could be 
 overlooked, and the epiphyseal line is soon obliterated. Like other variations in the 
 ossification of bones it is a family cl i a met eristic and will be found in the hands of 
 the brothers and sisters. I have been fortunate in having the opportunity to present 
 the first appearance of this epiphysis in one hand at least (Fig. IX.). You will 
 see a small elevation on the distal extremity of the metacarpal bone of the thumb; 
 this I am sure is a separate point of ossification. In the exposure of this hand, 
 made six months later (Fig. X.), this epiphysis lias flattened and increased in size. 
 The epiphyseal line is not distinct. 
 
 The shape of this epiphysis is quite different from others in the hand. The 
 head of the metacarpal bone is slightly hollowed. The epiphysis becomes, as it is 
 increased in size, convex on the upper surface and concave beneath, thicker in the 
 center and very thin at the periphery. It thus fills the cavity in the upper ex- 
 tremity of the shaft and forms the rounded head of the bone. 
 
 This cannot be seen in the print; we can always see a great deal of detail in 
 
 6 Text Book of Anatomy, Cunningham, page 212. 
 
 7 Human Anatomy, Morris, page 152. 
 
 8 Skiagraphic Atlas, Poland, page 58. 
 
 9 Human Osteology, Holden, page 3 3 5. 
 
FIG. XIII. B. P., MALE, AGE 3 YEABS. EIGHTH CHILD 
 
the negative that is lost in the print, and there is still greater loss in the half-tone. 
 However, in the older hands we have an opportunity of a distinct view of this 
 epiphysis. The older brother, G. M., age six years and one month (Fig. XX.), 
 gives a splendid example of this epiphysis. The epiphyseal line is distinct, whilst 
 in the hand of the sister, age eight years and one month, the line is almost oblit- 
 erated. and in the hand of the still older sister, age ten years, the line is completely 
 obliterated and it would he impossible to tell there had ever been an epiphysis at 
 this point. Having satisfied myself this is a biological law without exception, I 
 know this epiphysis was present in the last hand as well as in the hands of the other 
 brothers and sisters. 
 
 The oldest hand in which I can positively trace this epiphysis is about eight 
 years of age, that is in which the epiphyseal line is not obliterated. The size of 
 the nuclei in all of my negatives would indicate its appearance before the child 
 was four years of age, and sometimes much sooner, as in the instance I have given 
 in which it made its appearance about the seventeenth month. 
 
 In place of making its appearance at the eighth year, my observations indicate 
 its disappearance at that age. 
 
 I have examined over two hundred negatives of hands four years old and older 
 without the slightest evidence of an epiphysis appearing at this point after the child 
 has become four years of age. I am sure it never appears as late as the eighth year. 
 
 The hand of W. S., male, age one year, nine months, and ten days (Fig. XI.), 
 is developing in the sme order as the one described, but shows more points of ossi- 
 fication than the other would have shown at the same age. This is the first child of 
 parents. In this hand the nucleus of the epiphysis of the lower extremity of the 
 radius is 6x3 m. m. This began to ossify before the close of the first year. The 
 second point to appear is that of the middle finger, first row of the phalanges, fol- 
 lowed by the ring and index fingers, and there is a minute point starting in the 
 little finger. The epiphysis of the second metacarpal commenced ossification simul- 
 taneous with or a short time before that of the first phalanx of the middle finger. 
 This is followed by the third and fourth metacarpals, and there is a good sized 
 point in the ungual phalanx of the thumb. The first of these must have com- 
 menced the process of ossification by the fifteenth month. There is every reason 
 
FIG. XIV. J. D. 0., MALE, AGE 4 YEARS, 1 MONTH, 17 DAYS. 1st CHILD. 
 
26 
 
 to believe that the other epiphyses will appear rapidly in this hand. You will note 
 a. good sized nucleus of the cuneiform which has appeared soon after the close of 
 the first year. In the next hand, that of G. G., male, age three years and five days 
 (Fig. XII.) the development is somewhat slower than the average. The nucleus 
 of the epiphysis of the lower extremity of the radius is small and all of the epi- 
 physes have appeared late, perhaps very late in the second, and continued through 
 the third year. Only a small point has appeared in the ungual phalanx of the 
 middle finger and a number of the epiphyses have not made their appearance. 
 
 This hand affords another instance of a proximal epiphysis in the second 
 metacarpal. The head of the first metacarpal shows evidence of a scale-like 
 epiphysis. 
 
 The next illustration (Fig. XIII.) presents an instance of unusual develop- 
 ment. I». P., male, age three years, eighth child of parents. All of the epiphyses 
 have appeared in this hand, and are advanced in ossification. Compare this hand 
 with the next (Fig. XIV.), J. D. 0., age four years, one month, and seventeen 
 days. This hand presents the slowest development of any that has come under 
 my observation. 
 
 The last illustration I will give represents the typical development of the 
 male hand (Fig. XV.) A. F.. age three years, ten months, and twenty days, second 
 child of parents; All of the epiphyses are advanced in ossification, those of the 
 first row of the phalanges and those of the four inner metacarpal bones must have 
 appeared early in the sc(ond gear. All appeared before the close of the third year, 
 or before the child was three years of age. After a careful examination of a num- 
 ber of other hands, both male and female, four years of age and younger, I am en- 
 abled to at least approximate the chronological development of the epiphyses, as 
 given in the annexed table. 
 
 I am not prepared to state when the epiphyses of the metacarpals and pha- 
 langes will unite with the shaft. 
 
 I have one negative of a hand of a female in which the epiphyseal line was com- 
 pletely obliterated at fourteen and quite a number showing perfect fusion between 
 fifteen and sixteen years of age. 
 
 I shall endeavor to determine the time of union of these epiphyses with the 
 shaft some time in the future. 
 
PIG. XV. A. F., MALE, AGE 3 YEABS, 10 MONTHS, 20 DAYS. 2d CHILD. 
 
FIG. 
 
 XVI 
 
 BETJLA S., TWIN 
 7 DAYS. 
 
 FEMALE, AGE (i YEARS. 
 EIGHTH CHILD. 
 
 MONTHS, 
 
 ry 
 
 ( 
 
FIG. XVII. BERTHA S„ TWIX 
 
 7 DAYS. 
 
 FEMALE, AGE (i YEARS, 
 X'IXTH CHILI). 
 
 MONTHS, 
 
FIG XVIII. ERMIE K., TWIN MALE, AGE 5 YEARS, 1 MONTH, 
 
 12 DAYS. FIRST CHILD. 
 
FIG. XIX. ERNA K., TWIN FEMALE, AGE 5 YEARS, 1 MONTH 
 
 12 DAYS. SECOND CHILD. 
 
FIG. XX. G. M., MALE, AGE 6 TEALS, 1 MOXTH. FOURTH CHILD. 
 
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2 105655424 
 
 T HE Courses of Instruction in the State College of Kentucky 
 are comprised in five departments, viz.: Science, Classics, 
 Normal, Engineering, Agriculture and the Academy. 
 
 In Science the B. S. degree is conferred in courses embracing 
 Chemistry, Zoology, Geology, Botany, Physics, Entomology and 
 Anatomy and Physiology. In Classics the B. A. degree is conferred 
 in courses having English and Latin and Greek as majors. In the 
 Normal Department the degree of B. Ped. The Engineering Depart- 
 ment (Mechanical, Electrical, Civil and Mining) offers the B. M. E., 
 B. C. E., and B. E. M. degrees, and the Department of Agriculture 
 confers the degree of B. S. In all of the departments the Masters 
 degree is conferred under conditions requiring actual post graduate 
 work. The Academy is preparatory to entrance in the College. 
 Catalogues of description will be mailed on application to the 
 President of the College or the heads of departments.