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 GALEN B.ROYER 
 
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 WORKS by Galen B. Royer 
 
 The following BIOGRAPHICAL series of BI- 
 BLE MEN, written in simple story form, were 
 prepared for young people ten to fifteen years 
 old, but have proved themselves very fascinating 
 and helpful to older people as well. The series is 
 printed on fine enamel paper, size 3^x6i4, bound 
 in cloth, two colored designs on the cover, and 
 is nicely adapted for presents to young people. 
 
 JOSEPH THE RULER, published in 1900, 136 
 pages, 7 illustrations (also published in 
 Danish language by Karen Jorgenson, Sin- 
 dal, Denmark) $0.30 
 
 DANIEL THE FEARLESS, published in 1901, 
 
 149 pages, 4 illustrations .30 
 
 SAMUEL THE JUDGE, published in 1901, 136 
 
 pages, 5 illustrations, .30 
 
 DAVID THE KING, published in 1901, 152 
 
 pages, 7 illustrations, 30 
 
 MOSES THE LEADER, published in 1901, 154 
 
 pages, 7 illustrations 30 
 
 JESUS THE SAVIOR, Volume I, published in 
 
 1902, 151 pages, 7 illustrations 30 
 
 JESUS THE SAVIOR, Volume II, published in 
 
 1902, 183 pages, 9 illustrations 30 
 
 RUTH THE TRUE-HEARTED, published in 
 
 1903, 160 pages, 7 illustrations 30 
 
 JOHN THE BAPTIST, published in 1904, 212 
 
 pages, 10 illustrations 30 
 
 ESTHER THE QUEEN, published In 1904, 176 
 
 pages, 5 illustrations 30 
 
 ELIJAH THE PROPHET, published in 1905, 
 
 237 pages, 5 illustrations 30 
 
 ABRAHAM THE FAITHFUL, published in 1907, 
 
 181 pages, 7 illustrations 30 
 
 ANY THREE COPIES 8S CENTS 
 
 By D. L. Miller and Galen B. Royer 
 
 SOME WHO LED, published in 1912, containing 
 63 sltetches of men and women, leaders in 
 the Church of the Brethren. 45 sketches 
 are accompanied by plioto-engravures of 
 the subjects. 223 pages, 5% x 8, $1.00 
 
 Any of the above works sent postpaid, upon re- 
 ceipt of price by 
 
 BRETHREN PUBLISHING HOUSE 
 Elgin, Illinois
 
 ^ 
 
 Bisliop I>. Ii. Miller, President. 
 
 After Twentv-nine Years of Service on the General Mission 
 Board of tlie Cliurcli of the Brethren.
 
 Of Q3t0Hto«0 
 
 GALEN B. ROYER 
 
 For twenty-three years, Secretary of the General 
 
 Mission Board of the Church 
 
 of the Brethren 
 
 Second Edition 
 
 1914 
 Brethren Publishing House 
 Elgin, 111.
 
 Copyrighted in 1913 
 By Mrs. Galen B. Royer 
 
 A BtbU U^aitttg 
 
 The harvest truly Is plenteous, but the laborers are few. 
 
 Matt. 9: 37. 
 
 John 4: 35 Behold, I say unto you, Lift up your 
 
 eyes, and look on the fields; for they are 
 
 Matt. 9: 38 white already to harvest. — Pray ye there- 
 
 fore the Lord of the harvest, that he will 
 send forth laborers into his harvest. 
 
 Mark 16: 15 16 -^^^ Jesus said unto them. Go ye into 
 all the world, and preach the gospel to 
 every creature. He that believeth and is 
 
 ■Rom 10* 13 baptized shall be saved. — Whosoever shall 
 
 call upon the name of the Lord shall be 
 
 Rom. 10: 13-15 saved. How then shall they call on him in 
 whom they have not believed? And how 
 shall they believe in him of whom they 
 have not heard? And how shall they hear 
 without a preacher? And how shall they 
 preach, except they be sent? 
 
 _ 9. 1ft Behold, I bring- you good tiding-s of great 
 
 Luke Z: 10 .^y^ which shall be to all people. — Incline 
 
 Isa 55* 3 your ear, and come unto me: hear and your 
 
 soul shall live. 
 
 Who are these that fly as a cloud, and as 
 
 Isa. 60: 8 the doves to their windows? — They come to 
 
 T net' A thee: thy sons shall come from far, and 
 
 Isa. 60: 4 ^j^y daughters shall be nursed at thy side. 
 
 Luke 13* 29 — -^^^ ^^^^ shall come from the east, and 
 
 from the west, and from the north, and 
 from the south, and shall sit down in the 
 
 Psa. 72: 11 kingdom of God. — All nations shall serve 
 
 him. 
 
 Gal 6* 9 -^^^ *^* "^ ^°^ ^^ weary in well doing: 
 
 * ' for in due season we shall reap if we faint 
 
 not.
 
 
 StttroDuctiott 
 
 History is the story of the events of the past, so 
 arranged as to give the reader a correct knowledge 
 of the growth and development, as well as the retro- 
 gression of the human race. The historian may 
 have a strong imagination, resulting, without inten- 
 tion of being untruthful, in so coloring events and 
 giving them an imaginative setting, as to mislead 
 the reader. The truth, the whole truth, and nothing 
 but the truth should be, within human limitations, 
 the motto of the historian. French and English 
 writers have produced, by the score, biographies of 
 Napoleon Bonaparte so colored by the national prej- 
 udice and bias of the authors as to make their pro- 
 ductions little better than fiction. Our own histo- 
 rian, Abbott, wrote also, and produced an example 
 of hero worship, showing what word painting can 
 do in the field of history. It remained for an Amer- 
 ican author, at the beginning of the twentieth cen- 
 tury, to give to the world an authoritative biography 
 of the great Bonaparte. The real historian gives 
 verified facts, so far as obtainable, not neglecting 
 the field of well-established tradition, arranges them 
 in accord with the time of their happening, criticises 
 them carefully, to ascertain their value, and inter- 
 prets them in accordance with these processes, us- 
 ing the deductive method sparingly and cautiously. 
 
 5
 
 Introduction 
 
 Owing to the errancy of human effort at best, his- 
 tory can not be called an exact science. 
 
 The author of this work has followed the course 
 of action laid down in the foregoing- paragraph and 
 has made a conscientious effort to give, without un- 
 due coloring, the progress and development of the 
 history of missionary effort of the Church of the 
 Brethren during the period of its greatest activity. 
 A careful reading will reveal the fact that particular 
 attention has been paid to a careful verification of 
 the events set down. Nothing has been taken for 
 granted that could be proved by the records of the 
 past or by the verified memories of the living, who 
 took active, and to some extent, a prominent part in 
 the development of the missionary activities of the 
 church. 
 
 The progress of missionary effort in the Church 
 of the Brethren, for the last sixty years, is a subject 
 full of deep and absorbing interest to all who are in- 
 terested in this most important branch of the 
 Church's activity. For the last half of these years 
 the growth of missionary sentiment and the devel- 
 opment of missions in the church has been phenom- 
 enal, and here the student, of this phase of church 
 life, finds a subject well worth his careful attention. 
 It may be said that the non-missionary church has 
 the sentence of death written over against its name. 
 If not already dead, it is dying. It can not be en- 
 titled to the name of a church of Jesus Christ, for 
 his work, all the way through, was the work of a 
 missionary. The Church of the Brethren, by her 
 activities and growth in this important line of work, 
 
 6
 
 Introduction 
 
 has shown her right to the title of a live church, in- 
 tensely interested in the spread of the Gospel of Je- 
 sus Christ into all the world. 
 
 To one who lived through the period of the 
 church's greatest activity and development of mis- 
 sionary effort, and who, in an humble way, took 
 some part in forwarding the great cause of missions, 
 the interest in this volume may be more intense than 
 to others, not closely and personally interested in 
 the missionary movements of the church. While 
 this is true, the book is sure to interest every ear- 
 nest Christian man and woman who has at heart the 
 evangelization of the world. The reading and care- 
 ful study of what is here given can not fail to in- 
 spire, in the hearts of all who read, a deeper and 
 more abiding interest in sending the Gospel of Je- 
 sus Christ to all the peoples of the earth. 
 
 The strongest impression made on the mind of 
 the writer, in reading the manuscript of this book, 
 was and is, how wonderfully God has blessed the 
 church in her missionary efforts. And this will be 
 the better appreciated by the contrast. A backward 
 look takes us to a grassy slope under the shade of 
 an apple tree in the yard of Brother Moses Miller, 
 near Dayton, Ohio, within a stone's throw of the 
 Tabernacle where the Conference of 1884 was held. 
 It was a beautiful June day and here the newly-ap- 
 pointed General Mission Board met and organized 
 for business. A few days later, June 13, 1884, the 
 first business meeting was held at Mt. Morris, Illi- 
 nois. Then the treasurer reported $8.69 on hand, 
 not enough to even think of beginning work. Con- 
 
 7
 
 Introduction 
 
 trast this with the money and assets of the Gen- 
 eral Mission Board in this year of grace, 1913. We 
 now have annual receipts, aggregating about $100,- 
 000, with assets, including endowment, the Gish 
 Fund, and the Publishing Department, of nearly 
 $1,000,000. Then we had but a single missionary in 
 foreign lands, — Brother Hope in Scandinavia, — now, 
 including the outgoing missionaries for 1913, we 
 have in India thirty-eight missionaries, in China, 
 eighteen, and five in Scandinavia. Noting the con- 
 trast here drawn, surely one is led to rejoice with 
 an exceeding great joy and to exclaim, in the full- 
 ness of the heart, " Behold what God hath wrought 
 among his people." 
 
 The fitness of the author, for the task he has so 
 well performed, is undoubted. For a quarter of a 
 century he has been a trusted official and indefati- 
 gable worker for the General Mission Board ; for 
 more than a score of years he has had charge of the 
 details of the office work of the Board; for years 
 he edited the Missionary Visitor. He has made a 
 careful and thorough study of the problems of mis- 
 sions, and has given the best part of his life to the 
 missionary activities of the church. No one has 
 come in closer touch with all the details of the work 
 of the Board, or has had rarer opportunities to fit 
 himself for a work of this kind. He had had access 
 to all the sources of information, — minutes, records 
 and reports were all open to him, — and because of 
 these opportunities he had in mind and grasp the 
 place to find the notable events and happenings in 
 detail, necessary to write a history and set in order 
 
 8
 
 Introduction 
 
 those things that have come upon the stage of ac- 
 tion in the development of missions in the Church of 
 the Brethren. 
 
 The amount of labor and careful research, neces- 
 sary in the collection of the facts, collating and giv- 
 ing them their proper setting and systematic ar- 
 rangement, has been great. It has taken years of 
 preparation for the completion of the work. The 
 author did not depend upon his own memory or on 
 that of others, but sought out the records of the past 
 for the necessary proofs to establish fully the sug- 
 gestions of memory. And to one who, like the writ- 
 er, had the opportunity to read the book, chapter by 
 chapter, as it was written, it was a surprise to note 
 how often the memory and the records failed to agree 
 in some details. In every instance the record was 
 taken, and memory, defective as it is at best, had to 
 give place to positive proof from authenticated ar- 
 chives of the past. It has been the constant and 
 conscientious effort of the writer of the book to give 
 only reliable information, and to set forth the facts 
 properly analyzed, systematically arranged and 
 placed in the order of their occurrence. This he has 
 done in a clear and forcible manner, so that his writ- 
 ing will be easily understood. 
 
 The book contains a storehouse of facts and infor- 
 mation, concerning the growth and development 
 of missionary sentiment in the Church of the 
 Brethren. It was well that the gathering of these 
 facts, that go to make up history, was undertaken 
 while a number of the actors in the work are still 
 among the living. It adds greatly to the value of the 
 
 9
 
 Introduction 
 
 book, especially that part devoted to biographical 
 sketches, that the subjects of the sketches, or some 
 near relative, had opportunity to verify what was 
 written. The work will be of incalculable benefit 
 to the future historian of the church, and it may be 
 said, without giving undue importance to the book, 
 that it is among the most valuable contributions to 
 our church literature. It is a mass of facts, and 
 bristles with information on every page ; and these 
 are set forth in a style that will hold the attention 
 of the reader from first to last. 
 
 " Thirty-three Years of Missions " will find a wel- 
 come in the home of every member of the church 
 who' has at heart the great work of sending out the 
 Light of the Gospel of our Blessed Master. It will 
 be read with intense interest and it will do good in 
 the cultivation of missionary sentiment among those 
 of our people who have not carefully looked into 
 this important work of the church. We bespeak for 
 it a careful reading and an honored place in the 
 home of every family in the Brotherhood. May the 
 blessings of God attend it upon its mission and make 
 it a power for good to humanity ! 
 
 D. L. MILLER. 
 
 Mt. Morris, Illinois, 
 July 2, ipis. 
 
 10
 
 15^ Wn^ of Ciplanatiott 
 
 For almost five years I have had it in mind to 
 write this history. It was always my intention to 
 do it while some of the principals, who were active 
 through its making, were living. But some, like D. 
 Vaniman and Enoch Eby, are not here to pass upon 
 it. It is, however, a matter of special thanksgiving 
 that D. L. Miller, who has been a member of the 
 Board since 1884, when the present plan was inau- 
 gurated, is living, to go over its pages. 
 
 The book is prepared to tell the story of the de- 
 velopment of missions in the Church of the Breth- 
 ren. I have tried to save, from the rapidly-fading 
 past, facts that soon would be out of reach, even 
 though some should seek eagerly for them, and in 
 so doing the volume has grown in size far beyond 
 my planning. 
 
 This will account for some of the lengthy reports 
 given in toto. To the uninterested, these reports, 
 being printed in smaller type, may be readily omit- 
 ted without breaking the thread of history. 
 
 The biographical sketches, it is hoped, will be 
 helpful. To know the younger missionaries, who 
 have not wrought in their chosen fields, may not 
 mean so much, and yet to know them is helpful. 
 But to know the lives of the older missionaries, and 
 members of the General Mission Board, who have 
 wrought faithfully for God, is an inspiration to every 
 
 11
 
 By Way of Explanation 
 
 one who reads. " Biography is history teaching by 
 example."* And behind every great movement are 
 great hearts, some greater than others, it is true, but 
 unitedly winning the victory, and to know these indi- 
 viduals is to get at the real heart of the movement. 
 
 The photo-engravings of the workers are ar- 
 ranged, as near as could be done, on the basis of 
 order of entering service, — first, the members of 
 the General Mission Board, then those of the Book 
 and Tract Work, then the missionaries. 
 
 I have no apology to offer for the one biography 
 of unusual length, — a very short sketch of the very 
 eventful and useful life of D. L. INIiller. Others have 
 come and gone on the General Mission Board since 
 1884. Their lives were filled with usefulness while 
 on the Board. But Brother IMiller began with the 
 Board in the beginning, as its Secretary-Treasurer, 
 and is living today to serve as its honored President. 
 His life has been one of missions, and if anything, 
 the sketch is not full enough to do his career justice. 
 
 I have avoided titles. In doing this I have made 
 no mistake in giving the wrong title, or omitting it 
 when it should be given. It has not been done for 
 lack of respect for official position, but rather to 
 leave the impression that we are all one in this 
 great work. 
 
 I have applied, with a few exceptions throughout the 
 text, to all stages of the development of missions the 
 last name of the Board, — namely "General Mission 
 Board." To one who wishes to make reconciliation, 
 let me say that the work accomplished from 1880 
 
 *Dr. M. G. Brumbaugh in Preface to " Some Who Led." 
 
 12
 
 By Way of Explanation 
 
 to 1884 was done under the name " Foreign and Do- 
 mestic Missionary Board;" that from 1884 to 1893 
 under the name " General Church Erection and 
 Missionary Committee of the German Baptist Breth- 
 ren Church." In 1893, through consolidation with 
 the " Book and Tract Work," the name assumed 
 was "General Missionary and Tract Committee of the 
 German Baptist Brethren Church." In 1908, when the 
 Annual Conference changed the name of the Broth- 
 erhood from " German Baptist Brethren Church " 
 to " Church of the Brethren," the name of the Board 
 was changed from " General Missionary and Tract 
 Committee " to " General Mission Board," so that 
 the name, since that date, has been " General Mis- 
 sion Board of the Church of the Brethren." 
 
 It has been my unusual privilege to have had free 
 access to all records of the General Mission Board 
 and I have sought to represent them faithfully in 
 their true setting. In addition to this, every biogra- 
 phy, save three, has been approved, as far as cor- 
 rectness of statements is concerned, by the individ- 
 ual himself, or some near relative. To all these I 
 owe a debt of gratitude for their kindness in helping. 
 But most of all I am indebted to " Father Miller " 
 who has read the manuscript from the standpoint 
 of its correctness of statement ; to S. Bock, Secretary 
 of the " Book and Tract Work " for reading and 
 approving of Chapter VI ; and to L. A. Plate, whose 
 fitness through long ser\dce enabled him to correct 
 the manuscript in many ways. 
 
 If the book will preserve some records that other- 
 wise, in a few years, would be entirely lost to the 
 
 13
 
 3y Way of Explanation 
 
 church ; if here and there the reading of the volume 
 will quicken a greater interest for missions ; if in 
 some Christian Workers' Society or Missionary 
 Meeting, or like assembly, it will supply some in- 
 formation to some speaker to make his address more 
 effectual; if it will give "just what I wanted in a 
 part of my missionary sermon " to one or more 
 ministers of the Church of the Brethren, it will have 
 done just what I had in mind in its preparation. 
 God bless the Church of the Brethren. God bless 
 the missionary movement of the Church of the 
 Brethren, of which this is a very imperfect history. 
 
 GALEN B. ROYER. 
 
 Elgin, Illinois, 
 
 June so, 19 IS. 
 
 14
 
 Cable of Content0 
 
 I. The Dawn of missionary Activity in the Chnreh of the 
 Brethren 
 
 A Home Missionary Church — Gaining: a Foothold — Emigra- 
 tion — Not Wholly by Emigration — Why No Financial Bur- 
 den — Extensive Occupation — Some Worthy Fathers — An 
 Appeal for Home Work — Urging Foreign Work — A World- 
 wide Plea — The Right Source — Pleading for China — Op- 
 position — This Opposition Strange — The Spirit's Work, 21 
 
 n. The Orowth of Missionary Sentiment as Beflected in the 
 Seliherations of Annual Conference 
 
 Slow Progress — Little Favoring Missions — "A Dead Letter " 
 — A Plan Suggested — Disappointment — The Real Situation 
 — Favorable Action Asked For — A Splendid Committee — 
 The Report — Small Attendance — A Writer's Opinion — An- 
 other Plan Offered — Silence — 1860 Report Adopted in 1868 
 — Continued Failure — A Charitable View, 33 
 
 XU. The New Element of Foreign Missions in Developing: 
 Missionary Interest 
 
 Early Life of C. Hope — Conviction — Tracts and Persecution — 
 Sundry Changes — A Clew — Baptized — The Opening Wedge 
 — Danish Tract Fund — A Call from Denmark — Si>ecial Dis- 
 trict Meeting — Two Chosen — The Way Prepared — First 
 Converts — In Prison — Eby and Fry Arrive — First Impres- 
 sions — The Church at Hjorring — Ordination Again — Return 
 to America — Brotherhood Divided — Help Rejected — Sym- 
 pathy and Support — Splendid Work — Sad Neglect — Appor- 
 tionment — The First Apportionment — A Danish Church 
 Paper — Summary 47 
 
 IV. The Stmg-g'le Iieadlngr tTp to the Effectiial Plan of 1884 
 
 The Ogans Creek Plan — Brethren's Work of Evangelism — 
 Struggle to 1884 — Growing Feeling — Reflects Sentiment — 
 The Old Path — Not Approved — Protect the Petition — A 
 New Plan — Danish Mission Transferred — The Committee — 
 A Working Decision — Individual Views — Ready for Mis- 
 sions — On the Church — Commission Same Stress Now — 
 Put Missions in Laity's Care — Splendid Growth — Much 
 Said; Little Done — Tells How Divided — Board's Position 
 Appreciated — Dormant System Worthless — Report of First 
 Board Meeting — Not in Full Harmony — Borrow from a 
 Stranger — Dark Picture — Strong Pleading — Title to Prop- 
 erty — Paid Ministry Feared — Grieved and Humiliated — Re- 
 port of Mission Board 1882 — The Pangs of Division — Who 
 Knows? — Divided Today — Longing for Reunion, 63 
 
 ▼. The First Decade of Orgranlzed Missionary Effort 
 
 Time for Earnest Labor — Meetinghouse Fund Asked For — Pro- 
 ceed Cautiously — Plan for General Church Work — A Con- 
 stitution for Missions — How to Raise the Means — The First 
 
 15
 
 Table of Contents 
 
 Missionary Committee — Covering Four Tears — Organiza- 
 tion — Urges State Districts — Calls Disposed Of — Work Re- 
 ported — Call for Workers — First Annual Report — Locate 
 Ministers — ^Wiiy Preserved — Increased Receipts — First Pub- 
 lic Missionary Meeting — City Missions Cared For — Endow- 
 ment — Sundry Queries — Report for 1887 — Incorporation — 
 Loans on Meetinghouses — Review of Last Four Years — 
 Growth in 1889 — Canada Assigned — Africa Thought Of — 
 Securing Missionaries — Guarded Missions — Traveling Sec- 
 retaries — India Considered — Visiting Mission Fields — Mis- 
 sionary Magazine — Discontinued and Revived — The Dol- 
 lar Basis — Its Usefulness — Summary — The Foreign Work 
 During This Period — Hope Coming to America — Limhamn 
 House — Difficult Problems — Back to Europe — Summary, 91 
 
 VI. Tract Distribution as a Separate Endeavor 
 
 Bombshells — Teaching Not Guarded — Sound Tracts Used — A 
 Tract Association — Board of Directors — A Plan Com- 
 menced — Some Idea of Activity — The Plan of 1885 — The 
 Committees — ^An Address to Members — Result of Public- 
 ity — Decided Activity — Pamphlets — Tracts — Tract Distrib- 
 uters — Bound Volume of Tracts — Summary for Nine Years 
 — Tract Examining Work — Only Doctrinal Tracts^ — A Great 
 Change — Tracts in 1894 — Consolidation Desired, 119 
 
 VXI. Nineteen Years of Missions in India 
 
 A New Field Perplexing — Board Not Hasty — First Congrega- 
 tion Offering Support — First Applicant — Mother Congrega- 
 tion — Did Not Go — Others Accepted — Deferred — Pressure 
 — Blessed Experiences — New to Standing Committee — Pre- 
 ferring Another — First Missionaries — Deep Concern — Sail- 
 ing — First Report — Difficult Problems — Reinforcements — 
 Twenty-four Accessions — Mingling of Castes — Awful 
 Famine — Some Famine Results — First Furlough — Famine 
 Gifts — A Touching Meeting — Blessed Beginnings — District 
 Mission Board — Building for Girls — Vital Items Decided 
 Upon — Orphanage United — Erecting Bungalows — First 
 Great Sadness — India Mission Board — First Missionary to 
 Die — Development — Educational — •Medical — Industrial — 
 Sunday-school — Evangelistic — Especially Situated, ....139 
 
 VXn. Missions and Tract Distribution TTnder One Orgfanization 
 
 Certain Standards Required — Experience Not Required — 
 Progress Retarded — What Is Required — A Consecration 
 Prayer — A Program — But One Speaker — Tract Distribu- 
 tion — Larger Demand — More Tracts Sought — Special Re- 
 vision — Loss by Emigration — Colonization Approved — 
 Problem Not Solved — Endured Prison — Help on Meeting- 
 houses — Loans Only on Easy Terms — The Chicago Mission 
 Started — Washington, D. C, Mission — How Missions Begin 
 — Disappointment — Reconsideration — Providing a Meeting- 
 house — Resignation — Lot Purchased — Building Committee 
 — In Care of Eastern Maryland — Parsonage Built — Impor- 
 tant Place — A Great Need — ^Unique Book — S. W. Hoover's 
 Death — City Mission Plan — Asia Minor Mission — Earliest 
 Record — The Beginning — Brethren's Home — Orphanage 
 
 16
 
 Table of Contents 
 
 "Well Supported — Attracted Attention — Persecution — Deep 
 Sympathy — Full Written Report — Other Workers — ^WitTiout 
 a Missionary — Continuance Not Justified — Neglected Mis- 
 sions — Memorial to Kings — Some Urged Missions — A Defi- 
 nite Proposition — Studying Conditions — Another Appeal — 
 Preparation — A Mission Opened — Industrial Mission — Mis- 
 sion Work in Brooklyn, New York — The Beginning — First 
 Sunday-school — The First Communion — Aggressive Steps 
 — Greatest Need — The Italian Mission — J. Kurtz Miller as 
 Pastor — Securing a Lot — Buildings Completed — Growth — 
 Spiritual Oversight — The Publishing Department — How It 
 Came About — The Amount Raised — The Subscription — 
 Provision Made — Publication Department of the General 
 Mission Board of the Church of the Brethren — Special 
 Notice — A Valuable Gift — Little Change Made — New Loca- 
 tion — Beginning in Elgin — Growth — A New Paper — Man- 
 agement — A Good Record — Field Workers — Job Work — Mu- 
 sic Editor — Missionary Messengers — Messenger Editors — 
 — Contrast — Just Begun — Annual Missionary Offerings — 
 Rural Districts — ^Disabled Missionari'es — Ministerial and 
 Missionary Relief Fund — Gish Publishing Fund — Executed 
 Her Own Will — Board Took Charge — Much Good Done — 
 Switzerland and France — iWhy Switzerland — Place of Wor- 
 ship Needed — Number of Items — A Church for Sale — 
 Hand Book — Reading Circle — Total Endowment — Denmark 
 and Sweden — Strengthened — Vanimans In Sweden — Many 
 Visitors — Falling Health — New Workers — Great Reasons 
 — Library Presented — iLibrary Vault — Appreciation — Mis- 
 sion Money for Missions Only — System Approved — Agita- 
 tion for China — No Great Interest — First Workers Selected 
 — Sailing to China — Prospecting — Sickness and Return — 
 Throes of Rebellion — Llao Chou — Sickness and Death — Or- 
 phanage — Not Without Fruits — Hardly Begun — Call for 
 $100,000 — Worker for Cuba — An Industrial School— Jeru- 
 salem — Help to Prepare Workers — Formal Suggestions 
 
 South America — Appleman as Secretary — Laymen May Go 
 — Educational — Closer Union Between Boards — Missions 
 by District Mission Boards, 169 
 
 XZ. Biographical 
 
 (See Special Index on Pages 18-20.) 
 Appendix 
 
 A, Members of the Book and Tract Work and Their Terms of 
 Service — B, Conference Offerings Through the Years — C, 
 Members of the Tract Examining Committee and Their 
 Terms of Service — D, List of Pamphlets and Tracts for 
 1913 — E, Assistance in Building Meetinghouses from the 
 Beginning — P, Gish Publishing Committee and Their Terms 
 of Service — O, Total Annual Receipts of the General Mis- 
 sion Board — H, Members of the General Mission Board and 
 Their Terms of Service— I, Missionaries Appointed by Con- 
 ference. Year by Year, Whether They Went to the Field or 
 Not. 
 
 17
 
 IBiogtapijical SnDe^c 
 
 Photo Sketch 
 
 Opposite on 
 
 Folio Folio 
 
 Arnold, S. Ira 416 273 
 
 Arnold, Mrs. S. Ira, nee Elizabeth Bartho- 
 
 low, 416 274 
 
 Barnhart, Abram B., 272 275 
 
 Barnhart, William W 288 277 
 
 Berkebile, Steven P 336 278 
 
 Berkebile, Mrs. S. P., nee Nora E. Flory, ...336 279 
 
 Blough, Anna V., 400 280 
 
 Blough, Jacob M., 320 281 
 
 Blough, Mrs. J. M., nee Anna Detweiler, ...320 283 
 
 Bock, Samuel, 272 284 
 
 Bonsack, Charles D 272 286 
 
 Bosserman, Samuel T., 240 288 
 
 Bright, J. Homer 368 289 
 
 Bright, Mrs. J. Homer, nee Minnie Flory, ...368 290 
 
 Brubaker, Charles H 336 291 
 
 Brubaker, Mrs. Ella M., nee Ella Miller, ...336 293 
 
 Brubaker, Daniel E., 240 293 
 
 Brubaker, Ora G., M. D 400 295 
 
 Brubaker, Mrs. Ora G., nee Cora Cripe, 400 296 
 
 Buckingham, Ida, 416 297 
 
 Cottrell, A. Raymond, M. D., 416 298 
 
 Cottrell, Mrs. A. Raymond, M. D., nee Laura 
 
 M. Murphy, 416 300 
 
 Cripe, Winnie, 368 301 
 
 Crumpacker, Franklin H., 352 302 
 
 Crumpacker, Mrs. Franklin H., nee Anna . 
 
 Newland 352 303 
 
 Early, Henry C, 272 305 
 
 Ebey, Adam, 304 307 
 
 Ebey, Mrs. Adam, nee Alice King 304 308 
 
 Eby, Anna, 384 309 
 
 Eby, Enoch 240 310 
 
 Eby, Enoch H., 352 312 
 
 Eby, Mrs. Enoch H., nee Emma Horner, . . .352 313 
 
 Emmert, Jesse B., 320 314 
 
 Emmert, Mrs. Jesse B., nee Gertrude Row- 
 land, 320 316 
 
 Fercken, Gaston J., 304 317 
 
 Fercken, Mrs. Gaston J., 304 319 
 
 18
 
 Biographical Index 
 
 Filbrun, David S 288 319 
 
 Forney, Daniel L 304 320 
 
 Forney, Mrs. Daniel L., nee Anna ShuU, ..304 322 
 
 Frantz, Isaac, 256 323 
 
 Gish, James R 224 324 
 
 Graybill, Jacob F., 384 326 
 
 Graybill, Mrs. Jacob F., nee Alice Hoffer, ...384 327 
 
 Hawbaker, Charles H., 256 327 
 
 Heckman, B. Franklin, 368 328 
 
 Heckman, Mrs. Minna M., nee Minna Mote, 368 330 
 
 Heisey, Herman B., 400 331 
 
 Heisey, Mrs. Herman B., nee Grace Nedrow, 400 332 
 
 Hepner, Jacob A., 256 333 
 
 Hilton, George W. 352 333 
 
 Hilton, Mrs. George W., nee Blanche Cover, 352 335 
 
 Himmelsbaugh, Ida, 352 336 
 
 Holsopple, Quincy A 384 337 
 
 Holsopple, Mrs. Quincy A., nee Kathren 
 
 Royer, 384 338 
 
 Hoover, Samuel W 256 339 
 
 Hope, Christian 48 47 
 
 Horning, Emma, 352 340 
 
 Hutchison, Anna M., 368 341 
 
 Kaylor, John I., 384 342 
 
 Kaylor, Mrs. John I., nee Rosa Bella Wag- 
 oner, 384 344 
 
 Lahman Clarence W., 256 345 
 
 Leedy, Joseph, 240 346 
 
 Lichty, Daniel J 320 348 
 
 Lichty, Mrs. Daniel J., nee Nora Arnold, .. ..320 349 
 
 Long, Isaac S., 336 351 
 
 Long, Mrs. Isaac S., nee Effie Showalter, ...336 352 
 
 McCann,, Samuel N., 304 353 
 
 McCann, Mrs. Samuel N., nee Elizabeth 
 
 Gibbel, 304 356 
 
 Metzger, Minerva, 368 357 
 
 Miller, Benjamin Franklin, None 359 
 
 Miller, Daniel L. Frontispiece 359 
 
 Miller, Eliza B 304 366 
 
 Miller, Jacob L., 256 368 
 
 Miller, Sadie J., 320 368 
 
 Minnich, Adam, 288 369 
 
 Mohler, Paul 368 371 
 
 Mohler, Mrs. Paul, nee Lucy F. Leather- 
 man, 368 372 
 
 Pittenger, John M., 336 373 
 
 Pittenger, Mrs. John M., nee Florence Baker, 336 374 
 
 Plate, Lewis A., 256 375 
 
 19
 
 Biographical Index 
 
 Powell, Josephine, 352 377 
 
 Price, John W None 378 
 
 Quinter, James, 240 379 
 
 Quinter, Mary N 320 382 
 
 Riddlesberger, Samuel, 240 383 
 
 Ross, Amos W., 336 384 
 
 Ross, Mrs. Amos W., nee Flora Nickey, ....336 385 
 
 Rowland, Collin P 240 386 
 
 Royer, B. Mary, 400 387 
 
 Royer, Galen B 416 389 
 
 Royer, Samuel D., 288 391 
 
 Sanger, Samuel F., 256 392 
 
 Shirk, Mrs. Harvey F., nee Bertha Ryan, ..288 394 
 
 Shumaker, Ida C 368 395 
 
 Stover, Wilbur B., 288 397 
 
 Stover, Mrs. Wilbur B 288 399 
 
 Teeter, Lewis W., 272 400 
 
 Vaniman, Albert W. 288 403 
 
 Vaniman, Mrs. Alice Moore, 288 404 
 
 Vaniman, Daniel 240 405 
 
 Vaniman, Ernest, 400 407 
 
 Vaniman, Mrs. Ernest, nee Susie Cordelia 
 
 Neher, 400 409 
 
 Wampler, Frederick J., M. D. 400 409 
 
 Wampler, Mrs. Frederick J., nee Rebecca C. 
 
 Skeggs 400 411 
 
 Widdowson, S. Olive, 384 412 
 
 Williams, J. Henry B., 272 413 
 
 Wine, Alonzo F 416 414 
 
 Wine, Mrs. Alonzo F., nee Attie Cline 416 415 
 
 Winger, Otho, 272 416 
 
 Yereman, O. H., M. D., 320 418 
 
 Yoder, Joseph J 272 419 
 
 Young, Emanuel S., 240 421 
 
 Ziegler, Kathryn, 352 423 
 
 Zuck, John 272 424 
 
 Zug, Samuel R 256 426 
 
 20
 
 I. 
 
 CJje Daton of q^fggionarp ZttMtp in tfie 
 Cj)Utc[) of tbt IBtttbtm 
 
 IN a very effectual way the Church of the Breth- 
 ren has always been a home missionary church. 
 It is true that, in leaving Europe for America, 
 they sought a haven of rest from religious persecu- 
 tion ; but when this was found in the forests and 
 valleys of the New World, they did not forsake 
 their religion or forget their neighbors. Few of the 
 Brethren resided in the city; hence 
 A Home ^jjg social life, as well as the opportu- 
 
 Ch^^ h nities for the larger reach of the 
 
 world's condition, were not pressed 
 upon them. It was a time of little communication 
 by mail, and few knew anything beyond the bounds 
 of their own communities. On the other hand, the 
 urgent calls for the Word at their very doors, — 
 many of which had to go unanswered because of in- 
 ability to go, — ^gave the church little disposition 
 to seek farther to serve the Lord. Not the steam- 
 boat, — or rather the slow-going sailboat to a dis- 
 tant strand, — but the horse and saddle, and often 
 the journey afoot, to more remote parts of the com- 
 munity or State, or to a sister State, were a common 
 effort among the Brethren. 
 
 21
 
 Missions in Chiirch of the Brethren 
 
 Of course, in the first settlement in the country it 
 was not so much a question of missions as it was of 
 making a living, and maintaining the ground occupied 
 against all odds. The same conditions obtained for all 
 denominations in earlier days, though some made spe- 
 cific efforts among the Indians, and thus 
 Gaining a showed an earlier interest in evangeliza- 
 
 tion than did the Brethren. 
 From the very beginning, emigration played a very 
 important part in the spread of the Gospel. Into new 
 parts of the country members moved, — 
 Emigration sometimes as single families, but often 
 in groups. There, struggling with the 
 problems of frontier life, they maintained the primi- 
 tive practices of the Christian church. In fact, there 
 is perhaps not another religious body which has 
 reached out so effectually and so far, through emigra- 
 tion, as have the Brethren. From east of the Alle- 
 ghanies they migrated into Ohio. From Ohio they 
 pressed on into Indiana, Illinois and Iowa, accompa- 
 nied by recruits from Pennsylvania, Maryland and the 
 Virginias. Then, from these Central States, by means 
 of a covered wagon, — the " prairie schooner," — and 
 amid further hardships, Kansas, Nebraska, Missouri, 
 and other border States received from these godly 
 people a share of settlers. And in recent years, al- 
 most as though it occurred in a season, Oklahoma and 
 North Dakota, and sections still farther west were set- 
 tled by train-loads. Churches were organized, Dis- 
 tricts formed, and these new territories have become 
 an important factor in the work of the Brotherhood. 
 
 22
 
 Dawn of Missions 
 
 In fact, in every State within the range of the Rocky 
 Mountains, may be found congregations of the Breth- 
 ren. Thus has the church spread her borders in the 
 homeland far and wide. Many of the neighbors of 
 near by settlements of Brethren affiliated with them ; 
 home missions have thus been carried on in a most 
 effectual manner. 
 
 Not all the work of evangelization has been done 
 directly through emigration. Members and friends, 
 
 -, .... .. 1 none of whom were ministers, took up 
 
 Not Wholly by ,, . , ,u ( .- t t 
 
 Emieration their homes on the frontier far from 
 
 the parent body. The blessings of the 
 sanctuary and the sound of the Gospel, perhaps too 
 lightly esteemed when at home, all of a sudden were 
 greatly desired. The soul longed for the Water of 
 Life to quench its thirst and the " home preacher " 
 was begged to come and minister unto them. He, with 
 heart aflame for his Master's cause and willing to en- 
 dure hardships as a good soldier, — the kind that is un- 
 known today to the main body of the Fraternity, — 
 would start in response to such appeals, for a two, 
 four, eight or ten weeks' tour of preaching. For 
 the most part, his way was often through pathless 
 wildwood and trackless prairies, each filled with perils 
 peculiar to itself. But as he progressed from settle- 
 ment to settlement, the swollen tide, the dark forests, 
 the cold and hunger were soon forgotten when he be- 
 held the eager faces upturned and listening to his 
 heavenly messages. The very scarcity of the Word, 
 and the long intervals between each visit, made the old, 
 old Story of the Cross so much the sweeter, and their 
 gatherings were real love feasts for many who were 
 
 23
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 hungering and thirsting after righteousness. God met 
 them and filled them; for the heralds of the cross 
 suffered for the sake of the Word and the Spirit re- 
 sponded in fullness. 
 
 The need of a mission board and financial help was 
 not so pronounced, evidently, under the conditions 
 
 existing: in 1840, and earlier, as is 
 Why No . 
 
 Fin ncial clearly set forth in an unsigned article 
 
 Burden appearing in 1860 in Gospel Visitor, 
 
 page 108. The writer says, "Remem- 
 bering the high and important calling, which the 
 Lord has entrusted to his church, and conse- 
 quently to all his faithful followers, namely to 
 go into all the world, and to make known to all 
 nations his doctrine, yea to preach the Gospel to 
 every creature, our brethren, from the beginning, ac- 
 knowledged it to be their solemn duty to carry the 
 Gospel, as far as they could, and were also endeavor- 
 ing to fulfil this duty to the best of their ability. Many 
 brethren traveled almost yearly over the length and 
 breadth of the land, as far at least, as our churches 
 did then extend, and visited as much as it was possible 
 for them, also the scattered members, and this they 
 could do the more easily, as they made their joumey- 
 ings mostly on horseback. Thus it was some twenty- 
 five or thirty years ago. Then our brethren could 
 travel hundreds and hundreds of miles, and find almost 
 every night a resting place under the hospitable roof 
 of Brethren. Traveling expenses, then, were conse- 
 quently not heavy, and could, for that very reason, be 
 borne mostly by the traveling brethren themselves, so 
 that the churches, in which they resided, had to con- 
 
 24
 
 Dawn of Missions 
 
 tribute nothing towards it, except, perhaps, in a few 
 cases where necessity required it." 
 
 The there were then no railroads and but poor 
 
 facilities for travel, yet what a remarkable extension 
 
 of the kingdom resulted, as seen in the 
 
 Extensive following, from the same writer as the 
 
 Occupation , . ,, _, „ . 
 
 f oregomg extract : But now all is 
 
 changed. Our churches have spread themselves in 
 such a manner, not only in Indiana, Illinois, Wis- 
 consin, Iowa, and Missouri, but out into the farther 
 West of America, even to the shores of the Pacific 
 Ocean, to California and Oregon, so that, if some 
 Brethren bishops would undertake a visitation- 
 voyage among all our churches in this country, and 
 would stop only one Lord's Day in each church, 
 they would not be able to reach their own homes 
 again within three years. It could also not be 
 thought of, to make such a journey on horseback, 
 that is, not altogether, but would have to be pre- 
 pared to go by water or by land, as circumstances 
 would require, or opportunities would offer. The 
 necessity for such visitations among our churches 
 is daily more apparent to such as have an extensive 
 acquaintance and correspondence. Requests and 
 invitations come from many of our brethren, 
 from every quarter, and if they were trying to obey 
 every call, they would never come home again." 
 
 Some reader may be prompted to say that all this 
 is little or no missionary work, but let him bethink 
 himself before he thus speaks. Our fathers labored, 
 endured hardships and made willing sacrifices of such 
 a character as would put to shame many of the efforts 
 
 25
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 of today. Indeed, if facilities are permitted to enter 
 into the comparison, the founders of the faith in these 
 earher days were heroes in their en- 
 Some Worthy dg^^.Qj.g j£ the unpubHshed story of 
 
 ^ *^^' service of such men as Daniel 
 
 Gerber, John Flohry, David Pfautz, Daniel Arnold, 
 Joseph Gerber, Christian Johnson, John Price, George 
 Hoke, Abraham Gerber, Benjamin Bowman, Abraham 
 Yandt and Daniel Reichard, the bishops who were 
 present at the Annual Meeting in the meetinghouse 
 near John Kline's home, on Linville Creek, Rocking- 
 ham County, Virginia, in May, 1837, — was accessible, 
 it would perhaps put a vastly different face on the 
 efforts of the past. To this list might be justly added 
 such names as Jacob Hoover, Joseph Emmert, John 
 Wolfe, Samuel Murray, Jacob Miller, John Royer, 
 George Shively, John Umstead, Daniel P. Sayler, 
 Henry Davy, John Metzger, Samuel Layman, David 
 Rittenhouse and others. 
 
 In 1851 Henry Kurtz began to publish the Gospel 
 Visitor. No names appear to any of the articles, and 
 An Appeal for ^° ^^ ^^ "°^ known who the writers 
 Home Work. ^^'^^^ °^ whence they wrote. In Au- 
 gust, 1852, some writer from Indiana, 
 in speaking of the persecutions which scattered the 
 members at Jerusalem, said, "The Lord had said, Go, 
 and He soon found a way to start them out. And 
 we see that, under the guidance of the Spirit, they 
 began to plant churches and ordain elders and bishops 
 and other helpers in every city, God bearing them wit- 
 ness both with signs and wonders, and with divers 
 miracles and gifts of the Holy Ghost according to His 
 
 26
 
 Dawn of Missions 
 
 own will. . . . But the question arises, Are they (min- 
 isters) doing as much as they might? One might 
 say, Traveling ministers or missionaries should be sent 
 out. I see no precept or example of the apostles, to 
 send any further than one is able to go. But another 
 may say, The Lord has called me to go into a foreign 
 land and preach the Gospel. But are you sure of that ? 
 If you are, you must go as an apostle, and take neither 
 money nor scrip for your journey; for he gives none. 
 And if that be so, why do you tarry? Are you waiting 
 for time, place and invitation? If so, now is the ac- 
 cepted time. Come over into Macedonia (Indiana) 
 and help us, where there is a poor brother, who has 
 spent much time and money in traveling and trying to 
 preach. We have heathen, real Indians and white 
 men, too, here, who are as bad or worse than they." 
 
 While the writer, in the above, does not argue in 
 favor of " foreign lands " his words clearly indicate 
 Ureine ^^^^ such sentiments were strongly 
 
 Foreign Work ^^^°^^^^^ ^y others. This is seen, 
 too, in the following extract of the 
 same year, in the September issue of the Gospel Vis- 
 itor: "Who is your brother? The swarthy African 
 who toils in bondage under the southern sky, is your 
 brother. The savage Indian in the West is your 
 brother." 
 
 There is no uncertain sound in the Christmas mes- 
 sage of the same year, — perhaps written by the editor 
 A W Ir! M himself. His subject is " The Christ- 
 p. mas Gift." "Alas," he writes, in the 
 
 body of the article, " how ingenious 
 is man, poor sinful man, to deprive himself and 
 
 27
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 others of the most glorious truth in the Gospel. For 
 if the term ' world ' in our text (John 3 : 16) does 
 not mean all the world, what does it mean when our 
 Savior, after his resurrection, commanded his disci- 
 ples to 'go into all the world and preach the gospel 
 to every creature' (Mark 16), and again, * Go ye, 
 therefore, and teach all nations,' etc. (Matt. 28) ; or 
 when the apostle says, ' The grace of God that bring- 
 eth salvation, hath appeared to all men ;' and another, 
 ' Christ is the propitiation for our sins ; and not for 
 ours only, but also for the sins of the whole world' ? 
 Now if Christ is the propitiation for the sins of the 
 whole world, if that Gospel is to be preached in all 
 the world and to every creature, among all nations, 
 God, who gave us His Son for that very purpose, must, 
 of course, love the whole world. . . . But besides many 
 declarations in the Word of God to the same purpose, 
 we are assured by this one word of our blessed Master 
 (whosoever) that the conditions of salvation are open 
 to all, accessible to all, attainable by all, of every 
 nation, and tribe, and kindred, and tongue, and peo- 
 ple, whether civilized or barbarian, whether enlight- 
 ened or ignorant, whatever each one's personal con- 
 dition may be." 
 
 It is so easy, when awakened to the world's need, to 
 miss the right source of supply. Nothing is more 
 common, for the awakened Christian 
 today, than to turn about and 
 speak disparagingly of the church's 
 work in the past, put down a lot of " correct " figures, 
 and censure the Christian world for not getting up 
 and doing what might be done, apparently, at once. 
 
 28 
 
 The Right 
 Source
 
 Dawn of Missions 
 
 Such speakers little know the real purpose and method 
 of Christ in this great world campaign against sin. 
 Let such not be discouraged, but let them enter the 
 campaign and do what, they say, might be done. It 
 is a pleasure to find, back in these earlier days of 
 awakening, that some at lekst pointed to the right 
 source. In August, 1853, another writer says, " We 
 all have to acknowledge with our Lord that the har- 
 vest truly is great and the laborers are few. There- 
 fore we ought to pray the Lord of the harvest that 
 he would send forth laborers into his harvest." 
 
 It is worthy of more than usual notice that in 1858, 
 in connection with the opening of China to the com- 
 mercial world, the Gospel Visitor 
 ea mg or should reprint a very strong appeal 
 which first appeared in the New York 
 Observer, and that the next year the appeal of the 
 American Board of Foreign Missions of the Congre- 
 gational church should find space in the same columns. 
 This points to a growing foreign missionary sentiment, 
 which is clearly expressed by a writer on page 301, 
 Gospel Visitor, 1859, when he asks, " How many mis- 
 sionaries have the Brethren sent out with the Bread of 
 Life? China has thrown open her gates, and invited 
 the missionaries." 
 
 That there should be opposition to such views and 
 efforts, is but natural under existing conditions. There 
 has always been opposition to the ag- 
 Opposltion gressive spread of the Gospel. Such 
 a spirit is manifest today, if not in 
 open methods, in the still more subtle and effectual 
 indifference that absorbs a great deal of church life. 
 
 29
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 This opposition did not come out openly in debate of 
 any kind, yet it is reflected in the earnest pleadings 
 of enthusiasts in favor of missions. One writer, in 
 1857, thus argues: "Why are these things so? Or 
 how long shall it be so? It will remain as long as 
 we forget the * Go ye ' is the very first clause in our 
 commission. The brethren too often even after such 
 entreaty think they cannot leave their nets. We have 
 a great many churches throughout our Fraternity and 
 some of them have a goodly number of speakers. I 
 know of some that have seven or more; and some- 
 times even they are all together in the same meeting, 
 and they must speak a little and perhaps feel a little 
 in each other's way. . . . How much better if they were 
 to remember 'Go ye ' two by two into some vacant 
 place. ... I spoke of discouragements. How must 
 that brother feel when he is told he had better stay at 
 home and mind his own business at home or such in- 
 sinuation as to get rich first and then go and preach 
 the Gospel ; or if you go, go in amongst the rich first, — 
 get them into the church, — that by going around the 
 mountains and corners and cabins, you get so many 
 poor that they will be burthensome to the church." 
 
 There are those, so earnest in this good work that 
 
 they could not understand the opposition to mission- 
 
 . ary work and on what it is based. 
 
 *• ^^ c^ PPosi- Thus another writer presses the 
 tion Strange , . ,, _, / 
 
 subject: There are thousands of 
 
 souls who are perishing, yea starving for the want of 
 
 the Bread of Life. We say, then, let us attend to this 
 
 important matter. But strange, indeed, that a number 
 
 of our brethren are opposed to such a course of pro- 
 
 30
 
 Dawn of Missions 
 
 cedure, when it is held forth in the pure Word of the 
 Lord, ' Go ye, therefore, and teach all nations.' Is 
 there a plainer command in all of God's Word than 
 this is? . . . Then let us not say it is a new thing. 
 . . . Our brethren are very zealous in preaching from 
 a part of the commission while the other part is left 
 untouched." 
 
 It is interesting thus to trace the Spirit's work in 
 
 the hearts of an honest, God-fearing people who, in 
 
 coping with the difficult problems of 
 
 The Spirit's ^ livelihood in these frontier settle- 
 Anr ork 
 
 ments, sometimes lost sight of the 
 
 real purpose of the church in the world, — to bear the 
 words of reconciliation to perishing souls. But the 
 Spirit has always been able to take care of his work 
 and always found true and loyal hearts through which 
 to reach the unsaved. Ministers, and others to acom- 
 pany them, filled with the Holy Spirit, longed to see 
 all men saved, and these could no more have been 
 kept silent than the crowd could have been suppressed, 
 while crying " Hosanna " to Jesus, when he made his 
 triumphal entry into Jerusalem. These spoke their 
 convictions from their humble pulpits ; they expressed 
 them with freedom through the Gospel Visitor, a fear- 
 less publication under private ownership, and the 
 champion of the best for God and his people. True, 
 they met opposition, but this only made them the more 
 eager and their words the more forceful. 
 
 31
 
 Luke 5: 5 ^^ have tolled all the night, and have 
 
 taken nothing. . . . All these things are 
 
 Gen. 42: 36 against me. 
 
 As for me, . . . my steps had well nigh 
 
 Psa. 73: 2, 3 slipped. For I was envious at the foolish, 
 
 when I saw the prosperity of the wicked. — 
 
 Psa. 73: 12-14 Behold, these are the ungodly, who pros- 
 pered in the world. . . . Verily I have 
 cleansed my heart in vain, and washed my 
 
 Psa 73* 16 hands in Innocency. For all the day long 
 
 • * have I been plagued, and chastened every 
 
 morning. — ^When I thought to know this, 
 It was too painful for me. 
 
 Tonah 2* 3 4 Thou hadst cast me into the deep, In 
 
 J an . o, t ^^^ midst of the seas; and the floods com- 
 
 passed me about: all thy billows and thy 
 waves passed over me. Then I said, I am 
 cast out of thy sight; yet I will look again 
 toward thy holy temple. 
 
 Job 5: 17-19 Behold, happy is the man whom God cor- 
 
 recteth: . . . for he maketh sore, and bind- 
 eth up: he woundeth, and his hands make 
 whole. He shall deliver thee in six trou- 
 bles: yea. In seven there shall no evil touch 
 thee. 
 
 Isa 51 : 10 ^^^ *^°" "°* ^* which hath dried the sea, 
 
 the waters of the great deep; that hath 
 made the depths of the sea a way for the 
 ransomed to pass over? 
 
 Psa 61: 2 From the end of the earth will I cry 
 
 unto thee, when my heart is overwhelmed: 
 lead me to the rock that is higher than I. 
 
 32
 
 11. 
 
 Clje (^rototl) of q^issionarp Sentiment as 
 
 EeflecteD in t|)e Deliftetations! of 
 
 annual Conference 
 
 A BROTHERHOOD whose membership 
 reaches far and wide, covering territory with 
 diversified industries and means of liveH- 
 hood, always moves slowly. The progress of one 
 section, which sees a need and therefore works for 
 it, is held back by another which, not knowing nor 
 understanding the need, refuses to go forward. In 
 such an organization, here and there, 
 
 _. may be one or more who thinks out 
 
 Progress "^ 
 
 and pleads for measures far in advance 
 
 of the rank and file. Or there may be, now and 
 then, a congregation with a bishop whose clear 
 vision of opportunity and duty has prompted him 
 to lead his flock far in advance of sister congrega- 
 tions. Such advanced efforts are not marks of real 
 progress, but simply early forcings of the real plant, 
 only to be nipped in the bud by the wintry winds of 
 Brotherhood indifference, begotten thru ignorance 
 of real need and absence of the true spirit of the 
 Word. Yet they show the possibilities of the plant 
 and, leaving now the figure, are the only assurance 
 that there is real life and hope of growth. 
 
 In no place in church life is this more forcibly 
 portrayed than in the deliberations of Conference 
 
 33
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 during the period of missionary awakening. The proc- 
 ess was slow. The " Yearly Meeting" was more 
 
 concerned about "don'ts" rather than 
 Little _ «(Jq» j^ fgij. ^^^^ j^g jj^g ^^j. ^^g 
 
 Favoring ^ ^, .....,■', 
 
 Missions conserve the primitive faith, rather 
 
 than to spread it throughout the 
 world. The prevailing sentiment was far from 
 missionary; yet the Brethren were committed to 
 obey the teachings of the New Testament as " their 
 only rule and guide," and the Scriptures were so ob- 
 viously in favor of missions that in response to a 
 query in 1852 (Art. 8), asking if the " commission of 
 our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ does not require 
 the church to send brethren to preach the Gospel 
 where the name of Christ is not known," this very 
 favorable answer was given : 
 
 The Brethren acknowledge the great commission of 
 Christ to its full extent, and that it is the duty of the 
 church, the ministers, and every private member, to do 
 all that is in their power to fulfill that commission in 
 accordance with apostolic practice. 
 
 That appears, however, to be the end of the de- 
 cision, as far as any observance of it is concerned. 
 
 ... _ , For four years afterward, in " a letter 
 
 A Dead 
 
 Letter" ^'^^"^ Virginia " to the Conference 
 
 (Art. 22, 1856), it is again urged that 
 a plan be formulated to carry out the action of 1852 
 and not have it " remain a dead letter." The answer 
 indicates either the helplessness or indisposition of 
 Conference, because, instead of taking any steps to 
 remove the stigma of " dead letter," it simply " rec- 
 ommends the subject to the serious consideration of 
 
 34
 
 Conference Deliberations 
 
 all the churches." But even this had its good point, 
 for some of the congregations did " seriously con- 
 sider " and two years later there came again, to the 
 Conference, a petition declaring, " There is a strong 
 desire among the Brethren in various places to have 
 a more general exertion made on the part of the 
 church to have the truth more universally spread." 
 
 The following plan was offered in 
 _ , connection with this petition : 
 
 Let each State, where there is a respect- 
 able number of Brethren, form a District; let the Breth- 
 ren there hold their annual meeting; let each of these 
 divisions have its treasury; let the churches that feel 
 favorable, have their treasury; let the churches be called 
 upon as often as may be necessary to cast in their mite 
 as a free-Vi^ill offering. Then let these contributions be 
 put into the District treasury, and let the District Meet- 
 ing appoint ministering brethren, say two or more, if 
 necessary (such as are willing to go), to travel through 
 the respective States for one year, their expenses being 
 paid and such other provision made for their families 
 as may be thought necessary. 
 
 Of course this plan covered only " home mis- 
 sions," but that was to the church in that day as 
 big a problem as world missions a'*e 
 Disappoint- ^^ ^^^ church today. Sentiment, too, 
 xnent . , . , , 
 
 m favor of such a measure was not de- 
 veloped fully enough to pass favorably ; and the dis- 
 appointment to the earnest members, favoring mis- 
 sions, was partially compensated only thru the fol- 
 lowing action : 
 
 We think it not good to adopt this proposition, but we 
 believe it is a subject worthy the serious and prayerful 
 
 35
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 consideration of the Brotherhood, and we recommend 
 the brethren to give it such consideration. 
 
 Evidently the above petition was the outgrowth 
 of individual agitation discussed in the preceding 
 chapter, and it is to be regretted that none of the 
 advocates of these early efforts can be located by 
 any records whatever. The brethren themselves, 
 who figured prominently on both sides of the ques- 
 tion, have long since gone to their reward. 
 
 But one can not be surprised at the answer given 
 when a careful survey of the outlook of the church 
 at this time is taken. There were no 
 g. . regularly organized State Districts at 
 
 this time. Just two years prior (1856) 
 the " Yearly Meeting " gave permission to groups 
 of churches to form themselves, if they so desired, 
 into Districts, to settle difficulties and save that 
 much work for the Annual Meeting (Art. 23, 1856), 
 but the drawing of lines and mapping out Districts 
 properly, was not done until after 1864. The Stand- 
 ing Committee was appointed on " Monday morn- 
 ing " from among the bishops present, the appoint- 
 ing power resting, probably, with the bishop of the 
 congregation where the meeting was held.* At this 
 
 •Concerning the appointment of Standing Committee, at 
 the Conference of York, Pennsylvania, In 1912, Bishop J. G. 
 Royer, in his address to the members of the Standing Com- 
 mittee, made reference to the manner of its formation at this 
 period. In a letter from him, dated April 28, 1913, his age 
 now being seventy-five, he has' this to say: "My father and 
 mother were Annual Meeting people, and so also was Uncle 
 Isaac Myers, my mother's brother. He was also elder of 
 our church. In 1848 they came from Union County, Pennsyl- 
 
 36
 
 Conference Deliberations 
 
 1858 meeting " series of meetings " received a weak 
 endorsement, and the formula used today in baptiz- 
 ing applicants for membership was finally settled 
 upon, tho it was a reaffirming, thru the report of a 
 committee, of the decision of 1848. It was the pe- 
 riod in the history of the church when the " Yearly 
 Meeting " thot it her proper burden to decide indi- 
 vidual cases from all over the Brotherhood, rather 
 than to lay down principles by which all the congre- 
 gations could be directed. This is instanced in the 
 fact that this same Conference had fifty-eight 
 queries to decide upon, seven of which had to do 
 with seven different phases of the divorce question, 
 while the fifty-eighth is the missionary plan given 
 above. 
 
 vanla. In a carriage across the mountains to the Annual 
 Meeting In Wayne County, Ohio. I weH remember how, on 
 their return, they told of having met Henry Kurtz. The next 
 year the meeting was held in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, 
 and on their return they spoke of having met young Brother 
 Quinter for the first time. Uncle Myers would often come 
 to our house and in their talk about the Annual Meeting I 
 would hear them speak of dissatisfaction about the manner 
 of appointing the Standing Committee. In 1855, the year 
 I joined the church, the meeting was held in the Aughwick 
 church, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania. Here a little epi- 
 sode occurred between elders and concerning the elder 
 
 In charge of that church pointing out the Standing Committee. 
 This put the matter in the mouths of a good many present, 
 and not a few strongly urged a change in the plan of ap- 
 pointing. As late as 1864, at Hagerstown, Indiana, I saw the 
 committee receive what was to come before the meeting, and 
 then, headed by the elder in charge of that church, they 
 were taken to a private room, where the queries were dis- 
 tributed among sub-committees, each of which withdrew to 
 prepare an answer to the query given them. Some of the sub- 
 committees were not long In preparing answers, and so were 
 soon back to the committee room, with the business ready 
 for the council. This enabled the public council to go to 
 work, while other sub-committees were preparing further 
 work." 
 
 n
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 The subject of missions did receive " serious and 
 
 prayerful consideration," for in the 
 
 Favorable t^g^t year " favorable action " was 
 
 Action Asked ^^^^^ ^^^ -^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ of - several of 
 
 ^°^ the churches." To this request the 
 
 following action was given : 
 
 This Meeting recommends and gives liberty to any of 
 the Districts or States to make a move on the subject 
 of spreading and sustaining the Gospel, as preached and 
 understood by the Brethren, so that the same may be 
 done in the order of the Gospel. And we recommend 
 to those churches which may adopt this, to make a re- 
 port to the next Annual Meeting upon their success. 
 And in view of the importance of the subject, we appoint 
 the following brethren as a committee to propose some 
 plan by which the Brotherhood in general may take part 
 in this good work; said plan to be reported to the next 
 Annual Meeting. Committee that framed the report 
 were Daniel P. Sayler, John Kline, John Metzger, and 
 James Quinter. Daniel P. Sayler is corresponding mem- 
 ber of the committee. 
 
 Just note that committee! Among them is John 
 Kline, the martyr who gave his life for Christ, be- 
 cause he would go from home to 
 A Splendid ^g^^j^ ^^^ ^y^j.^ j^^^ Metzger, who 
 
 Committee ^ ,111 r ^.u^ 
 
 traversed the broad prairies of the 
 
 Middle West for the sake of souls ; James Quinter, 
 
 that noble man who always was far in advance of 
 
 his people and yet never forsook 
 The Report them. One turns with breathless 
 
 eagerness to read their report submit- 
 ted the following year (1860). It is rather lengthy, 
 but it is given entire because of what it reflects in 
 the mind of the Committee which prepared it. 
 
 38
 
 Conference Deliberations 
 
 The Committee appointed at the Annual Meeting of 
 1859, Art. 28, to propose some plan to the present meet- 
 ing, by which the Brotherhood in general may take some 
 part in the good work of the Lord in preaching the 
 Gospel more generally, reports as follows: 
 
 Whereas, the preaching of the Gospel to every creature 
 is a command of Christ, since he said to his disciples, 
 "^Go ye into all the world, and preach the gospel to every 
 creature" (Mark 16: 15), and therefore a duty enjoined 
 upon all his disciples, hence it needs no argument in its 
 defense. The only point to be considered is. How shall 
 it be done? Now St. Paul says, "Who goeth a warfare 
 any time at his own charges" (1 Cor. 9: 7)? and as the 
 Lord Jesus gave "every man his work, as well as his 
 servants authority" (Mark 13: 34), "For the Son of Man 
 is as a servant taking a far journey, who left his house, 
 and gave authority to his servants, and to every man his 
 work." It is, therefore, evident that he did not mean 
 that his ministering servants should be burdened with 
 the duty of preaching his Word, and also bear the ex- 
 penses incurred in traveling from place to place, while all 
 the members of the body remain idle. 
 
 The Committee understands the Lord Jesus to mean 
 that the church, his body on earth (1 Cor. 12: 27) shall, 
 unitedly, preach his Gospel in all the world, by the min- 
 istry, through the Holy Ghost; and, therefore, the church 
 should pray the Lord of the harvest to send forth la- 
 borers, for so Jesus commanded his disciples, saying: 
 "The harvest truly is plenteous, but the laborers are few; 
 pray ye, therefore, the Lord of the harvest, that he will 
 send forth laborers into his harvest" (Matt. 9: 37, 38). 
 And it appears, from the following accounts in Acts 13: 
 2, 3, that this was the practice of the apostolic church: 
 "As they ministered to the Lord, and fasted, the Holy 
 Ghost said, Separate me Barnabas and Saul for the work 
 whereunto I have called them. And when they had 
 fasted and prayed, and laid their hands on them, they 
 sent them away." 
 
 39
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 And, in view of the above considerations, the committee 
 offers the following advice: That the churches of the 
 Brotherhood form themselves into Districts, the Brethren 
 in those Districts to meet as often as they may judge it 
 necessary to transact their business; that each of said 
 Districts has its treasury, and each one of the churches 
 which form said Districts has its treasury, the former to 
 be supplied out cf the latter, and the latter to be supplied 
 by weekly contributions, as directed by the Apostle Paul 
 (1 Cor. 16: 2): "Upon the first day of the week let every 
 one of you lay by him in store, as God has prospered 
 him, that there be no gathering when I come," — a plan for 
 raising pecuniary funds, of divine appointment, and is 
 one which commends itself to our acceptance, both from 
 its authority and excellence. 
 
 And in order that the funds collected may be the most 
 judiciously, satisfactorily, and economically applied, we 
 advise that each sub-district or church appoint at least 
 one delegate to attend the general District Meetings, and 
 that these meetings so dispose of the funds collected as 
 they shall judge most conducive to the glory of God and 
 the salvation of souls. And in order to preserve a proper 
 harmony between all the congregations of the Brother- 
 hood, 
 
 We further advise that each general District Meeting 
 send a delegate to the Annual Meeting, and by the dele- 
 gate a report of its proceedings, that all such proceedings 
 may be in harmony with the regulations, as made by the 
 Brethren assembled in Annual Council, and subject to in- 
 spection and control of that body. And in case any de- 
 mands of a general character for evangelists are made, 
 sufficiently so to require the action of the Annual Meet- 
 ing, then, in that case, the funds needed to defray the 
 expenses of said evangelists shall be drawn from the 
 treasuries of the several Districts. 
 
 And as the conviction of mind seems to be general 
 among the Brethren that greater exertion should be made 
 by the Brotherhood to have the Gospel preached in every 
 
 40
 
 Conference Deliberations 
 
 place, the committee would remind the ministry that the 
 foregoing plan is by no means designed to supersede the 
 labors of our ministers in their individual capacities. But 
 we recommend to all our preachers to labor, as they have 
 been accustomed to do, without money and without price, 
 as far as their circumstances will permit them to do so, 
 showing, as they have hitherto done, in a remarkable 
 degree, the Christian grace of self-denial — a grace which 
 shone brightly in the life of our Divine Master, and which 
 occupies a prominent place in his teachings. 
 
 We further recommend to all our preachers to submit 
 the above plan to their congregations, hoping that it will 
 meet with their acceptance. 
 
 The report was made at Limestone, Tennessee, 
 where the Conference was held. The representation 
 
 " was unusually small, there being 
 At^ , but few delegates from Ohio, Indiana, 
 
 Illinois and Iowa, and none at all from 
 Pennsylvania and New Jersey. There were repre- 
 sented in the council but sixty churches." Because 
 of this action was deferred one year, and the report 
 spread on the Minutes. The meeting then " ac- 
 knowledges the necessity of increased efforts am.ong 
 us to spread the Gospel, and still gives the liberty 
 that was given by the last Annual Council, to any 
 of the churches which may see their way open to do 
 so, to engage in the work of evangelism." 
 
 In the September number of the Gospel Visitor 
 for 1860, page 279, appears an article in which the 
 . writer approved of the above report, 
 
 Q . • save in one particular, and his notions 
 
 are here given as representing a senti- 
 ment, strong enough, at least, to get into print. The 
 writer objects to " the manner of sending out mis- 
 
 41
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 sionaries " as provided therein. He argues that if 
 " several well-established brethren " be sent to Ore- 
 gon and California, to " set things in order . . . 
 it will be conducive of much good and the glory of 
 God." But if they be sent "to convert sinners to 
 God and organize churches and continue with them 
 six or twelve months, and then return home, it will 
 be, in the majority of instances, money spent in 
 vain, and labor lost." 
 
 The writer then offers a plan that is 
 Another Plan i i 
 
 Q- , given space here because a query 
 
 came to the Annual Meeting of 1861 
 
 endorsing it. The plan is as follows : 
 
 In the first place, let all the brethren and sisters in 
 Christ Jesus be seriously engaged in prayer to God, that 
 a holy zeal may be awakened in the hearts of the minis- 
 ters of God; that many of the ministers may be made 
 willing to bid adieu to their stately mansions, their well- 
 improved farms, the home of their childhood, where all 
 the pleasant scenes of life have made home sweet to 
 them, and let them move to those places where they are 
 most needed, and settle down and preach the Word. Let 
 the "marks of the Lord Jesus be seen upon their bodies," 
 by their walk and conduct, by their chaste conversation 
 and general good deportment through life, that they may 
 be ensamples to the flock, and if Satan then tries to make 
 inroads of confusion upon them, he will have some to 
 contend with who know something about his wiles, and 
 treacherous arts. . . . And if any of those ministers are so 
 circumstanced in life, as to need help to move there, and 
 to perform this great task, then let the necessary amount 
 be drawn from those funds of "Divine appointment," and 
 help those brethren. 
 
 The writer, in discussing his plan, says, " I think 
 it would be, by far, the least expensive to the 
 
 42
 
 Conference Deliberations 
 
 churches, as, in a majority of cases, the ministers 
 
 are able to go and get homes there, without help."* 
 
 Sugar Creek congregation, Allen County, Ohio, 
 
 entered a "remonstrance against all plans that have 
 
 been recommended " save the one just 
 Silence preceding. But the attendance at the 
 
 Conference was small and all papers 
 on this subject were again deferred another year. 
 Tho there were sixty-nine queries before this next 
 Conference, not one of them touched the subject of 
 missions, and no reference is given to the deferred 
 subject. In fact, the subject of missions drops out 
 of all record entirely till 1868. There, perhaps, was 
 good reason for this silence. During the time the 
 bloody conflict between the North and the South, — 
 the Civil War, — was raging. An humble people who, 
 for so long a time, had stood for peace and non- 
 resistance, were now being put to the test, and a se- 
 vere one it was, along the border lines of conflict. 
 Our Brethren were harassed on every side. Many 
 lost all their property. The privilege of worshiping 
 together was often denied, and they had more than 
 they could do at their own doors. 
 
 After peace had been restored in the land for a 
 couple of years, and the people were regaining a 
 1860 Report foothold in their vocations, a query 
 Adopted in came to the Annual Meeting, held in 
 1868 Elkhart, Indiana, in 1868, asking that 
 
 the plan of 1858 or some other one be adopted. To 
 
 •The writer closes his article by offering to sell his farm 
 In Jackson County, Iowa, very cheap, to move, with some 
 other families, to California. He also has an advertisement 
 in the "Gospel Visitor" to the same effect. 
 
 43
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 this was given the answer, " This meeting adopts 
 
 the report presented to the Annual Meeting of 1860." 
 
 (This is given in full on page 39.) 
 
 This gave new hope to those who had waited so 
 
 long for an organized effort in missions, and sad it 
 
 . is to chronicle another disappoint- 
 
 Continued . j- . i i , • • 
 
 p,^ ment, for there was no real activity. 
 
 In 1872 some District asked Annual 
 Meeting to " adopt some measure to provide and 
 supply ministerial aid for churches where there is no 
 preacher, also to fill calls, open missions, preach the 
 Gospel and introduce the principles of the Brethren 
 in many sections within said District, which they 
 have not yet reached? " The query came before the 
 Meeting without an answer. Standing Committee 
 put one to it, but the entire matter " was afterward 
 overlooked," and did not come before the council.* 
 Then, in 1874, Annual Meeting was again peti- 
 tioned to " perfect the plan and carry it into effect." 
 The answer is: 
 
 We can not see how we can make a more perfect plan 
 than the one referred to in the query, but we request the 
 churches having such calls to make arrangements to 
 carry out said plan. 
 
 Even this brot no action. In 1879 Western Dis- 
 trict of Pennsylvania urged " the mission work of 
 evangelism," and in 1880 a plan was adopted and 
 a committee appointed, from which organization re- 
 ports were made and real work begun. This begins 
 the organized effort of "Thirty-three Years of Mis- 
 sions in the Church of the Brethren." 
 
 •Editorial in " Progressive Christian," January 10, 1879. 
 
 44
 
 Conference Deliberations 
 
 Were our dear Brethren, during the period cov- 
 ered by this chapter, anti-missionary at heart? 
 . Hardly so. True, they did not favor 
 
 yr- methods that would have brot splen- 
 
 did results in their home mission field, 
 and in that sense they were opposed to missions. 
 But, really, at heart they loved the Word; they 
 wanted people saved and rejoiced to see sinners 
 turn to God, They had, however, gone thru the en- 
 durance test of each man witnessing for himself 
 amidst frontier problems and they could not see the 
 need nor the wisdom of sending men, as was now 
 agitated in the plans ofifered. In the earlier part of 
 this period the minister and layman stood side by 
 side, shoulder to shoulder, and fought poverty, con- 
 quered the wilds, endured malignant diseases, and 
 battled with the trying frontier life. He who was 
 called upon to minister in heavenly things did so 
 out of the fullness of his heart " without money and 
 without price," because his labors practically cost 
 him no money. Later on, times changed, but the 
 change stole upon their sincere lives so stealthfully 
 that they were not aware of it. And so, with hon- 
 esty of purpose and a desire to see the Word treas- 
 ured in the heart in all its heavenly purity and pur- 
 pose, they opposed any plan that would lay a burden 
 on the membership that looked towards paying any 
 one for labor in the Lord. If they withstood missions 
 they did so as God-fearing men, even if their course 
 can not be commended. 
 
 45
 
 /oAn is: s 
 
 John 15: 4, 5 
 
 Matt. 14: 28-31 
 
 John 11: 32 
 
 John 11: 23 
 
 Philpp. 2: 13 
 Col. 2: 10 
 2 Cor. 12: 9 
 
 Psa. 87: 7 
 Philpp. 4: 13 
 
 Abide in me, and I in you. As the branch 
 cannot bear fruit of Itself, except It abide 
 In the vine; no more can ye, except ye 
 abide in me. I am the vine, ye are the 
 branches: He that abideth in me, and I in 
 him, the same bringeth forth much fruit. 
 
 Peter . . . said, Lord, if it be thou, bid 
 me come unto thee on the water. And he 
 said, Come. And when Peter was come 
 down out of the ship, he walked on the 
 water, to go to Jesus. But when he saw 
 the wind boisterous, he was afraid; and be- 
 ginning to sink, he cried, saying. Lord, 
 save me! And immediately Jesus stretched 
 forth his hand, and caught him, and said 
 unto him, O thou of little faith, where- 
 fore didst thou doubt? 
 
 When Mary was come where Jesus was, 
 and saw him, she fell down at his feet, 
 saying unto him. Lord, if thou hadst been 
 here, my brother had not died. — Jesus saith, 
 . . . Thy brother shall rise again. 
 
 It is God which worketh in you both 
 to will and to do of his good pleasure. — And 
 ye are complete in him, which is the head 
 of all principality and power. — He said unto 
 me. My grace is sufficient for thee: for my 
 strength is made perfect in weakness. — 
 All my springs are in thee. 
 
 I can do all things through Christ which 
 strengtheneth me. 
 
 46
 
 III. 
 
 /^ Cbe H^eto OBlement of iForeign ^i00ion0 
 in Developing 0@ii5$ionatp interest 
 
 WHILE the Brotherhood was struggling 
 with the problem of home missions by 
 means of horseback tours and kindred 
 methods among the churches, the Lord was provid- 
 ing the way in a distant land to help the church to 
 look beyond the seas to win souls to Christ. How 
 strangely He does work! In an humble home on 
 Fyn Island, Denmark, on December 
 
 ar y i e o ^ 1844, Christian Hope was born. His 
 C. Hope ' , ' , f . . , . 
 
 rather was a farmer, limited in means, 
 
 and yet the family deprived itself that the son might 
 be in school seven consecutive years. He learned 
 readily, applied himself closely, and in due time 
 reached his manhood fairly well equipped for life's 
 duties. His natural ability prompted the father to 
 set him apart for the ministry, but the mother did 
 not so agree, and a compromise was made by learn- 
 ing the harness-maker's trade. There being " no va- 
 cancy," he did not enter the army until he saw the 
 folly of mortal conflict. Thus, under a kind unseen 
 Hand, he was being led for active service in the 
 army of the Lord later in life. 
 
 In 1864, when twenty years old, sorrow for sin 
 and a life unsaved came over him. The State 
 
 47
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 church, from the beginning, did not answer his soul 
 cries. He turned to the Baptists, learned of them for 
 
 a year, and at last entered their fel- 
 Conviction lowship by being baptized in the 
 
 North Sea April 1, 1865. Peace was 
 not found, however. His high ideals of Christ's 
 power in each Hfe brought two sources of disap- 
 pointment. First, his outspoken disapproval of con- 
 duct by professed Christians, including some acts of 
 the King, brought him persecution and trouble. 
 Then the members of the church were not up to his 
 standard. 
 
 Nevertheless he was a determined preacher of 
 righteousness and these things only made him the 
 
 more zealous. Not only with tongue 
 Tracts and ^^^ ^j^j^ fluent pen did he now preach 
 
 Christ and denounce sin most effect- 
 ively everywhere. His tracts brought him and his 
 printer under judgment of the Crown. The punish- 
 ment was light and he resumed preaching with such 
 vigor that during a certain four months he held 340 
 meetings. He mingled freely with religious peo- 
 ple, helped inquirers and did all he could for Christ. 
 Two new tracts, "The Mark of the Beast" and 
 " Redemption," brought new indignation from the 
 government. Twenty kroners were offered for his 
 apprehension, but the way of escape by Norway 
 opened to him, and he came to America, the asylum 
 from all religious persecution. 
 
 One and a half years were spent in comparative 
 quiet in Central Iowa, during which time he was 
 married to a daughter of Brother Nidson. Then he 
 
 48
 
 Plate 1 
 
 Opposite 48 
 
 Christian Hope. 
 
 The House in Which Enoch Eby and Saniel Pry Lived While 
 in Hjorring, Denmark, in 1877. 
 
 (Beginning at left, the second is C. Hansen, first brother 
 baptized in Denmark; tlie fourtli is C. Eskildsen, tlTe first 
 bisliop of Denmark, and still presiding over the Vensyssel 
 congregation; tlie fifth, Mrs. Christina Paulson, the first 
 sister baptized in Denmark. Photograph taken in 1910.)
 
 The New Element 
 
 moved to Clinton, Iowa, where he united with the 
 
 American Baptists. But he was not content, — search- 
 
 _ , ine: and longing: for he knew not what. 
 
 Sundry u j •, ui t 
 
 Changes "^^ ^^^^ every available scrap of 
 
 religious literature to be satisfied. 
 In the back part of a large English family Bible 
 were found short sketches of different sects. Here 
 he first learned of the Brethren thru a sketch pre- 
 pared by Howard Miller. Trine immersion arrested 
 his attention, and the principles, as a whole, ap- 
 pealed to him. He diligently sought for these be- 
 lievers in New York, Philadelphia, Chicago and 
 other places for two years, yet learned nothing 
 about them. Not despairing but always doing the 
 best he knew how, he moved to Rock Island, Illi- 
 nois, and united with the Swedish Baptists. He 
 took up the ministry, laboring with his hands to 
 support his family and seeking to win souls for 
 Christ. Some thirty people confessed under his la- 
 bors, but as he witnessed their immersion, the idea 
 of triune immersion constantly pressed itself upon 
 him. The more he studied the Bible, the clearer 
 was his conviction that it was not only Apostolic 
 but the clear teachings of the Word. 
 
 On one occasion, while active in religious work in 
 Rock Island, a lady of his congregation came to him 
 for help to meet the inroads of the 
 A Clew Seventh Day Adventists. Thru a re- 
 
 mark she dropped, Brother Hope saw 
 a clew to locate the Brethren. He followed it and 
 after many events, trying to him, tho not important 
 to this record, he, with his father-in-law, came to 
 
 49
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 the hospitable home of George D. Zollers, 
 then Hving in the Hickory Grove church of North- 
 ern Illinois. In Brother Hope's own words this in- 
 dicates the state of his mind at that time : " In these 
 long years of labor and sacrifices, and God-given 
 grace, — in those years of honest motives, yet so full 
 of error, I had one clear and distinct idea of duty. 
 I knew it to be the duty of the sinner to be taught, 
 and the duty of the church to do this work. I saw 
 that a great deal of wrong, and error, and wicked- 
 ness, had entered into the world because those who 
 had espoused Christianity had not submitted to the 
 church and their teacher, but either before or after 
 they joined, exalted themselves and ran ahead with 
 their own ideas and divers doctrines. I knew, too, 
 that I had never been taken in and taught, because 
 I had no Brethren to warn me, to keep me, to stay 
 me, — ^because I had no man to advise me, hence I 
 often erred, not knowing better at the time. Often 
 had I been urged to organize a church on the basis 
 of what I regarded gospel principles ; but I could 
 not. I felt a willingness to hunt for such a people 
 until death rather than set up a church. I felt sure 
 such a people existed and that I would be permitted 
 to see them " (History of Danish Mission by M. M. 
 Eshelman, 1881). 
 
 Brother Hope had found the long-desired people, 
 or rather a congregation of them. He worshiped 
 
 with them and his soul overflowed 
 Baptized with joy. His own longing, searching 
 
 heart was satisfied. A little later he 
 moved his family to Mt. Carroll, Illinois, and 
 
 50
 
 The New Element 
 
 October 25, 1874, he and two others were received 
 into the Church of the Brethren by baptism. Short- 
 ly after he moved to Lanark, IlHnois, and engaged 
 in the harness-making trade. 
 
 The Brethren were not only kind but interested 
 
 in Brother Hope. They dropped into his shop to 
 
 . talk with him and asked him about 
 
 Wed e ^^^ ^^^ country, its customs, people 
 
 and religion. True to the spirit of 
 one born of God, he yearned to have the same joy 
 come to the hearts of his friends as had come to him, 
 and he assured his callers that there were many in 
 Denmark who would receive the Word gladly. This 
 assurance did not fall on dead ears. During his 
 spare moments he was translating Brethren's tracts 
 into the Danish language, all the time wishing and 
 praying that there was some way to publish them. 
 
 One day Brother M. M. Eshelman dropped into 
 the shop and soon the conversation led to the sub- 
 
 ject of publishing tracts. Brother 
 Fund Hope had written an article on the 
 
 subject but hesitated to offer it for 
 publication ; but Brother Eshelman getting hold of 
 it, the article soon appeared in the Pilgrim, a church 
 paper then published at Huntingdon, Pennsylvania. 
 At the same time Brother Eshelman said he would 
 give twenty-five cents towards a tract fund if Broth- 
 er Hope would do likewise. The fund was started. 
 The call thru the Pilgrim soon brot $400, and they 
 were ready to print all the tracts they needed. 
 
 During the time of the gathering of the fund for 
 tracts. Brother Hope sent a copy of J. H. Moore's 
 
 51
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 "Perfect Plan of Salvation; or Safe Ground" and 
 
 M. M. Eshelman's "One Faith" to a young man, 
 
 Christian Hansen, in Denmark. He 
 
 A Call from ^^^^^ ^^^^ English, carefully studied 
 
 the messages and wrote to the 
 Hickory Grove congregation, Carroll County, Illi- 
 nois, asking to have the Gospel preached in Den- 
 mark, and to receive him into membership. 
 /' Such an appeal brot quick action in Northern Illi- 
 / nois, a District always well in the lead in all phases 
 - , . of church work. A special District 
 
 Special Dis- ^/[ge^j^g was called for November 12, 
 trict Meeting ^^^^ ^ „, ^ , , , 
 
 1875, at Cherry Grove, the church- 
 house a few miles north of Lanark. Every congre- 
 gation but one in the District was represented ; 
 every seat and all standing room were occupied by 
 earnest, sympathizing members. The Spirit of the 
 Lord moved upon the hearts of the people. The 
 call from over the waters must be heard, but who 
 will go? Hearts were burdened; the question was 
 momentous. It was agreed that the delegates 
 should choose two, and the meeting would call upon 
 the Brotherhood to help bear the expense. 
 
 The choice fell upon Brethren Enoch Eby and 
 Paul Wetzel. For some time after the announce- 
 ment was made, there was such weep- 
 Two Chosen ing and sobbing as is rarely heard or 
 felt in public gatherings. It was a 
 never-to-be-forgotten day, as the few still living, 
 who were permitted to be present, testify. 
 
 Brother Eby announced that they would need 
 an interpreter. Eagerly the meeting turned to 
 
 52
 
 The New Element 
 
 Brother Hope as its choice. Then and there he was 
 put into the ministry. This came as a surprise to our 
 
 young Danish brother. How quickly 
 Pre ^ed things were done ! The Brethren 
 
 decided on that day that Brother 
 Hope and family should proceed at once to Den- 
 mark and open up the work, and later the two 
 chosen would follow. January 1, 1876, Brother 
 Hope and family left Lanark, visited some congre- 
 gations on their way and, after a fourteen days' 
 voyage, landed at Bremen, Germany. Thence they 
 proceeded at once to Aalborg, Denmark, where 
 Brother Hope's parents lived. 
 
 A home was found. At once the publishing of 
 tracts was begun. Brother Hansen, the young man 
 
 who asked for membership, was serv- 
 
 First . .• • 1 . , 
 
 _ mg as an apprentice m learnmg the 
 
 tailoring trade. His contract expired 
 May 1, 1876, and on May 5 he was baptized, — the 
 first member of the Church of the Brethren on for- 
 eign soil. On May 27 the first sister was also bap- 
 tized. She afterwards married a young man who 
 was a faithful minister in the church and died in 1908. 
 This sister, Christina Poulson, is still living. 
 
 Brother C. Hansen was not long in the church 
 
 until he was ordered to go to the army and learn the 
 
 art of war. He declined and being 
 
 In Prison cast into prison, endured hardships as 
 
 a good soldier.* Thru it all he was 
 
 faithful and patient and did all he could for his Lord. 
 
 ♦See illustration. 
 
 53
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 A joyful and historic year was 1877. The mem- 
 bership increased, the workers were encouraged and 
 
 _ . ^ the enemy was getting: in earnest. 
 
 Eby and Fry .r. ^,- jijr 
 
 . . ' Alter travehng on sea and land for 
 
 eighteen days, from the time they left 
 
 New York, Brethren Eby and Fry, accompanied by 
 
 their wives, arrived in Bronderslev, Denmark, at 
 
 the home of Brother Hansen. (Brother Wetzel not 
 
 being able to come, Brother Fry took his place.) 
 
 Brother Eby's own words, quoted from Eshelman's 
 
 History of the Danish Mission, 1881, are in place at 
 
 this point: 
 
 "At this place (Bronderslev) we shall ever re- 
 member the heart-beating joy we experienced in 
 meeting our dear Brethren C. Hope 
 
 _ . and C. Hansen, the latter living in 
 
 Impressions ... , • , i 
 
 this place, and with whom we ate our 
 
 first meal of black bread, cheese made of goat's milk, 
 and coffee, which had the relish of an American tur- 
 key roast; for the welcome which we received 
 seemed to season the food with heaven's choicest 
 blessings. After a little rest and brotherly greet- 
 ings, we pursued our way five miles west by wagon, 
 to the house of Brother Hope, and had another joy- 
 ful meeting with Sister Hope and children and a 
 Danish sister. Here we remained several days as 
 members of the family, attracting much notice and 
 curiosity among the people, and admiration among 
 the members. Some said, 'Well, they did not send 
 boys over here.' Others said, 'They just look like the 
 Apostles,' and still others, perhaps, like the Athen- 
 ians, said, 'What will these babblers have to say? 
 
 54
 
 The New Element 
 
 They bring strange things to our ears because they 
 preach, Except ye repent and be baptized, and then 
 keep the commandments of Jesus, we can not be 
 saved. We must not go to war but love our ene- 
 mies. We must not swear by any oath ; we must not 
 conform to this world. We can not put away our 
 wives by divorce and marry another.' 
 
 "At the time of our arrival there were ten mem- 
 bers in Denmark, one more was added in a few 
 
 _. _ . days; then, by the desire of all the 
 The Church u ^ j . 
 
 ^ TT. . members, arrangements were made at 
 
 at Hjorring , , , f ^ 
 
 once to hold the first love feast m 
 
 Denmark on the 18th day of November in Brother 
 Hope's house, at which time two more were added, 
 making in all nineteen communicants, including 
 Brother and Sister Hope and ourselves. There was 
 a remarkable interest at this meeting by all ; for 
 none present ever before saw the ordinances of the 
 church practiced according to apostolic order (save 
 we who went from America), and never did I wit- 
 ness a more enjoyable feast to the members, nor 
 more admired by all present. At this meeting, by 
 the unanimous consent of all present. Brother Hope 
 was ordained to the eldership, and an election was 
 held for one minister and one deacon. After the 
 Scripture was read and briefly commented upon, 
 which set forth the qualifications of the elder and 
 the deacon, the members were requested to cast 
 their vote ; and the result was that Birother Eskild- 
 sen was chosen to the ministry and Brother C. Niel- 
 sen to the deaconship. 
 "We then continued to preach by interpretation 
 
 55
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 (Brother Hope being our interpreter) as time and 
 
 ^ ,, . opportunity would permit: and as 
 
 Ordination ^^ -^ aa a ^ ^u ^. x, 
 
 -. . some more were added to the church, 
 
 it was unanimously desired to have 
 another communion season before we returned to 
 America, which was held at the place of the former 
 one on the 6th of January, 1878, with the same de- 
 gree of solemnity and interest as the former one. 
 At this meeting Brother Eskildsen was also or- 
 dained an elder without a dissenting voice, when the 
 reason was fully explained, which was to have the 
 church prepared to perform any business without 
 official aid from America." It was also at the spe- 
 cial request of Brother Hope that Brother Eskildsen 
 should have the oversight of the first church in Den- 
 mark so as to avoid the chance of it being said that 
 he (Hope) was the founder or father of the church. 
 A most commendable move on the part of our 
 brother. 
 
 The time for Brethren Eby and Fry to return to 
 America arrived. It was a sad day in February, 
 1878, when they bade farewell to the 
 America little flock, for the sheep had learned 
 
 to love their shepherds. Of this in- 
 cident, and especially the wisdom of sending the sis- 
 ters with the brethren. Brother Hope himself makes 
 the following observations : " It was wise and pru- 
 dent that Northern Illinois sent two brethren and 
 two sisters over to us. They were a great help to 
 the church here, though they could not speak the 
 Danish language. The brethren alone would never 
 have done what they and their wives together did ; 
 
 56
 
 The New Element 
 
 hence no one should blame the District for sending 
 them." 
 f^During these most interesting developments in 
 '^^orthern Illinois and Denmark, what was the atti- 
 tude of the Brotherhood? And what 
 Brotherhood ^^^ Conference doing? \s for the 
 Divided 
 
 Brotherhood, there was much division 
 
 concerning this mission, as well as other subjects. 
 A comparatively few rejoiced in the good work and 
 gave it their support. Many more stood surprised 
 and wondered what all this would come to. " What 
 is the use? — plenty of work to do at home, where it 
 is not so expensive." But the greater part took no 
 interest. 
 
 As for Annual Meeting its record is unique. In 
 1876 Brother Eby, at the request of Northern Illi- 
 nois, asked Annual Meeting, con- 
 Help Rejected vened in Logan County, Ohio, " for 
 approval and reflection " on what had 
 been done in the special District Meeting the pre- 
 ceding November. Henry Davy was Moderator. 
 The request called forth a heated discussion. The 
 Moderator and a few others urged that the request 
 be withdrawn and this was done. No mention of 
 the subject is found in the Conference Minutes. 
 
 The next year, 1877, the Middle 
 ^Ts^*^^ District of Pennsylvania interested 
 
 itself by asking Annual Meeting the 
 following: 
 
 This District Meeting requests Annual Meeting to in- 
 quire into the missionary work, now begun in Denmark, 
 and if it thinks advisable, to recommend it to the sym- 
 pathy and support of the General Brotherhood. 
 
 57
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 The Conference considered the above query and 
 on May 22, 1877, recommended the Danish mission 
 to " the sympathy and support of the General 
 Brotherhood." 
 
 Did that sympathy and support come? 
 
 In Denmark there was a lone brother and his 
 sickly wife and a family of little children. He was 
 so full of zeal that he knew no bounds 
 ^ ^^ ^ save suffering more than he and his 
 
 family could endure. His earnestness 
 and sincerity, earlier, drove him to seek for a peo- 
 ple whose pride and frequent boasting was that they 
 had Apostolic faith and practice from the beginning 
 of their organization. He had proved his sincerity 
 to a whole District and had shown his worth. In 
 Denmark, v/here he was at work at the instance of 
 the Brotherhood, there was no dead pull like on 
 some mission fields where the worker labored from 
 seven to fifteen years before the joy of the first con- 
 vert was experienced. People were being added to 
 the church every year ; tracts were printed and dis- 
 tributed, followed by preaching the Word with 
 power. The growth of the church in Denmark was 
 remarkably encouraging, considering the chance of 
 workers and the field. 
 
 But sad as it is to record, there was bitter opposi- 
 tion and serious neglect on the part of the church at 
 
 home. Some of the reflections and in- 
 Sad Neglect sinuations which actually found their 
 
 way into print during the latter part 
 of the seventies are better forgotten than repro- 
 duced here ; yet by far the stronger sentiment of op- 
 
 58
 
 The New Element 
 
 position from one element of the church never was 
 permitted to live in cold type. Even the friends of 
 missions had not learned to give heartily unto the 
 Lord and so our brother and his family suffered, tho 
 he worked, and they endured unselfishly for the 
 good of the church. 
 
 In the face of this neglect Brother Hope was put 
 to serious straits at times. Let him speak: 
 
 " Some may think we have received 
 Hardships much money, but the Lord knows 
 
 that in all my traveling from place to 
 place, I never allowed myself to spend a cent for a 
 warm meal, and my feet have been used whenever 
 there has been a possibility to walk. I have slept 
 many a night on the floor, and sometimes in barns ; 
 and at the beginning of the mission frequently used 
 Jacob's bed and pillow in the field, under God's 
 broad firmament. At times I was shown every at- 
 tention and was kindly cared for, being literally 
 buried in feather-beds, while at other times the 
 Lord put me to fasting whole days, because no one 
 gave me to eat. In my absence some rail at me with 
 desperation, because of the doctrine I teach, but 
 when I come to them they are kind and respectful. 
 
 " My dear wife has borne a heavy load ever since 
 we left the United States. Being feeble in body, 
 
 and having: the care of four children, 
 ome ot whose names are respectively Anna, 
 
 Johanna, Elizabeth and Christene, she 
 has even more to endure than I. I am scarcely ever 
 at home, and when I am, I am shut up in my room, 
 writing, or talking to those who come to learn the 
 
 59
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 way of the Lord more perfectly. My wife and I 
 rarely ever get an hour to have a social talk to- 
 gether, and only when we retire to rest can we find 
 time to converse over our mission work. The mid- 
 night hour finds us going to bed, and early I must 
 arise and be gone to tell the Old, Old Story. People 
 come here to talk about this * better way ' and if I 
 have five minutes to spare, I must teach them. Now, 
 if any one thinks this is a life of ease, let him sell 
 his cattle, horses, sheep and lands, and come here, 
 and try this labor a while. He will soon learn that 
 health will fail, money disappear, and patience will 
 be sorely tried." 
 
 The missionary forces of the Brotherhood did not 
 
 Brotherhood's ^^^^^ ^^^ Annual Meeting alone dur- 
 Duty >"§■ these trying days of our first mis- 
 
 sionary. In 1878 another query came 
 before that body : 
 
 Whereas, Annual Meeting has heretofore left the Dan- 
 ish Mission to the care of Northern Illinois, recommend- 
 ing it to the support and sympathy of the entire Brother- 
 hood; and 
 
 Whereas, a church has been fully organized in Den- 
 mark, does this Annual Meeting consider it advisable for 
 that church to remain under the care of Northern Illinois, 
 or does it properly belong to the direct care of the An- 
 nual Meeting? 
 
 Answer. — The church in Denmark shall be under the 
 care of Northern Illinois, but it is the duty of the whole 
 Brotherhood to help to defray the expenses, that the 
 said District does not have to bear more than its part 
 or portion of the expenses that must be met and pro- 
 vided for. 
 
 Thus another favorable decision went upon rec- 
 
 60
 
 The New Element 
 
 ord and was sent to every congregation in the 
 Brotherhood. But the support continued inade- 
 quate and our workers in Denmark were greatly dis- 
 tressed. 
 
 In this extremity Northern Illinois 
 - * ^!^^ appealed to the Annual Meeting of 
 
 ^P"""'"""""" 1879 thus: 
 
 Inasmuch as it was decided by last Annual Meeting 
 that the expenses of the Danish Mission shall be paid 
 by the General Brotherhood, will not the District of 
 Northern Illinois request Annual Meeting of 1879 to tell 
 each District what its probable portion will be? 
 
 The District joined in the petition and Conference 
 called upon the congregations for the very reason- 
 able assistance of $2 from " each church in the 
 Brotherhood, the wealthier churches more and the 
 poorer ones less, to make up said amount, . . . 
 to be sent to the treasurer of the Northern District 
 of Illinois, C. P. Rowland." At the end of the year 
 but $624 had been donated and sent, — barely a half 
 support ! Yet there was plenty and to spare in these 
 congregations whom our brother and his family 
 were representing as ambassadors of the Lord Jesus 
 Christ. 
 
 In spite of all these discouragements and lack of 
 
 funds. Brother Hope continued hopeful, and pushed 
 
 _ . . the work. In the spring- of 1879, in 
 
 A Danish , ^ ^ • n j 
 
 Chu h Paoer °^"^^ ^° meet more economically and 
 
 effectually the demand for tracts, and 
 to help build up the church and strengthen and unite 
 the believers. Brother Hope started a little monthly. 
 The first issue of 2,000 copies, costing $5, was given 
 
 61
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 to a discussion of the subject of infant baptism. The 
 State Church baptizes infants and it was one of the 
 hardest points to meet, as well as everywhere pres- 
 ent. Generations had been reared in error on this 
 point and there was much prejudice to overcome. 
 As long as the Httle sheet was permitted to come 
 forth, it did great good. Brother Hope was well 
 able to edit it, and the copies are prized by those 
 who received them, even to this day. 
 
 To summarize what had been ac- 
 Summary complished, within the period closing 
 
 with 1880, note the following: 
 
 Church in Hjorring organized in 1876, now had 
 one bishop, C. C. Eskildsen, one minister, Jens Jen- 
 son, two deacons, both named Niels Christian Niel- 
 sen, and a membership of twenty-eight. 
 
 In 1880 a congregation was organized at Fred- 
 erikshavn with two ministers, Soren Christian Niel- 
 son and Jens Christian Sorenson ; two deacons, 
 Christian Christianson and Jorgen Rasmussen; and 
 a membership of thirty-one in all. 
 
 In Thy there were one minister and two members. 
 In all sixty-six persons were baptized by the church 
 after the arrival of Brother Hope. 
 
 62
 
 IV. 
 
 Clje Struggle Leaning Op to tfte 
 (Bflutml Plan of 1884 
 
 How earnestly some worked for more effec- 
 tual missionary organization and how 
 steadily all plans seemed, for a time, to fail ! 
 One of the most striking efforts, perhaps, was a well- 
 digested plan, submitted to a special meeting called 
 in the Ogans Creek house on the Saturday preced- 
 ing the Annual Meeting of 1878, held at North Man- 
 chester, Indiana. There was a good 
 _ ^^ p. representation of brethren and sisters 
 
 from over the Brotherhood, for the 
 Ogans Creek congregation is just south of North 
 Manchester, and the people were there to attend the 
 Conference. The whole plan was read and reread, 
 and carefully considered section by section. It was 
 unanimously adopted and carried to the Conference 
 that convened the following week. Evidently there 
 had been some kind of an organization called the 
 " Church Extension Union " which this was to suc- 
 ceed. January 3, 1879, the first issue of the Pro- 
 gressive Christian, published at Berlin, Pennsyl- 
 vania, appeared and this proposed plan, in corrected 
 form, was its initial article. It is as follows : 
 
 63
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 BRETHREN'S WORK OF EVANGELISM 
 Preliminary Statements 
 
 1. Hereafter the name Church Extension Union shall 
 be dropped, and the service shall be called the Brethren's 
 Work of Evangelism, 
 
 2. In the Work of Evangelism we will accept the pres- 
 ent divisions of the church into Districts, as made by 
 Annual Meeting, and the plan shall conform to any 
 changes made in said District, hereafter. 
 
 3. It is the object of this body to have a General Or- 
 ganization, District Organizations, and Local Organiza- 
 tions. 
 
 I. General Organization 
 In the General Organization there shall be a Board of 
 Directors, and a Board of Appointments and Disburse- 
 ments. 
 
 Board of Directors 
 
 1. The Board of Directors shall consist of a member 
 from each District, who may be a delegate to the Annual 
 Meeting. 
 
 2. The Directors shall be elected annually, in the same 
 manner in which the delegates to Annual Meeting are 
 elected, and shall hold office for one year, 
 
 3. The Board of Directors shall meet annually on the 
 Saturday preceding the Annual Meeting at such place 
 as may be agreed upon. 
 
 4. The Board of Directors shall have a general super- 
 vision of the work, and shall hold the permanent officers 
 responsible for a faithful performance of their duties, 
 
 5. The Board of Directors shall make an annual report 
 of the condition of the Work of Evangelism, which re- 
 port shall come before the Annual Meeting for its ap- 
 proval or disapproval, and it shall be presented through 
 the Standing Committee. 
 
 Board of Appointments and Disbursements. 
 1. The Board of Appointments and Disbursements 
 shall consist of five members, appointed by the Directors, 
 
 64
 
 Plate 2 
 
 Opposite 64 
 
 The Churcliliouse in Iiimhanm, Sweden. 
 
 (Mrs. Galen B. Royer to the left; A. Anderson, pastor, in 
 the center; Mrs. Anderson to the right in the sliadow. Photo 
 taken in 1910.) 
 
 Where C. Hansen Was in Prison in Hjorring', Denmark, 
 Because He Would Not Iieam the Art of War. 
 
 (Photo taken in 1910.)
 
 Struggle to 1884 
 
 but no person can be a member of both Boards at once, 
 except the Moderator. 
 
 2. The Board of Appointments and Disbursements shall 
 have power to fill mmisterial and other vacancies, as it 
 is deemed advisable and resources permit. It shall send 
 out only such men as ministers and evangelists as shall 
 represent the teachings of the Gospel and the general 
 order of the Brotherhood. It shall conform to the es- 
 tablished usage of the church, in respect to going into 
 the territory of any organized congregation. It shall di- 
 rect the payment of necessary expenses. It shall have 
 power to send a suitable elder or minister into such Dis- 
 tricts as have no District Organization, for the purpose 
 of effecting such an organization, if possible. Three mem- 
 bers of the Board shall constitute a quorum. 
 
 Permanent Officers 
 
 1. The Permanent Officers shall be a Moderator, a 
 Treasurer, and a Secretary, to be elected by the Directors, 
 and to serve one year. 
 
 2. Moderator. The Moderator shall, when necessary, 
 call meetings of the Board of Appointments and Dis- 
 bursements; shall preside at all the meetings and attend 
 to the usual duties of the office. 
 
 3. Treasurer. The Treasurer shall receipt for all 
 moneys received, and shall pay out the same on the pres- 
 entation of orders properly signed by the Moderator and 
 attested by the Secretary; shall at all times have his 
 books open to inspection and shall report annually to the 
 Board of Directors, and quarterly to the church papers 
 for publication. 
 
 4. Secretary. The Secretary shall keep a record of all 
 business transactions and evangelical work; attend to the 
 correspondence; report to the Board of Appointments 
 and Disbursements the work requiring attention; report 
 quarterly to the church papers for publication, and an- 
 nually to the Board of Directors. 
 
 65
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 District Organization 
 
 1. Every District is to have an organization for the 
 Work of Evangelism, and the officers shall be a Moder- 
 ator, Treasurer and Secretary, who shall constitute a 
 Board of Evangelism within their District. 
 
 2. This Board shall be elected by delegates from the 
 several churches in the District who may be delegates to 
 the District Meeting. 
 
 3. The Board shall select evangelists from among the 
 ministers nominated by the several churches, appoint their 
 fields of service and provide for their expenses; and calls 
 for evangelistic work may be made to the Board at any 
 time. 
 
 4. The Board shall have power to appoint suitable 
 ministers to visit dormant churches to awaken an in- 
 terest and encourage them to take hold of the work. 
 
 5. Fifty per cent of the funds, raised in any State Dis- 
 trict, may be used by the Board of Evangelism in their 
 work within the District; the remaining fifty per cent 
 may be forwarded quarterly to the general treasury. 
 
 6. The district meeting of the Board may be held in 
 conjunction with the regular District Meeting, and the 
 same delegates may be elected to both. 
 
 7. Each District shall send one delegate to the Annual 
 Meeting as a Director in the Brethren's Work of Evangel- 
 ism, who may also be a delegate to the Annual Meetmg. 
 
 Local Organizations 
 
 1. Local organizations are organizations in the several 
 churches of the Brotherhood. 
 
 2. Members of the several churches shall have authority 
 to organize and appoint local solicitors, who shall col- 
 lect and forward contributions to the District Treasurer, 
 after the payment of necessary local expenses. 
 
 3. Every church may send one delegate to the Annual 
 Meeting of the District organization in the interest of 
 the service. The delegate to the regular District Meet- 
 ing may be this delegate. James Quinter, Moderator. 
 
 Howard Miller, Secretary. 
 
 66
 
 Struggle to 1884 
 
 The foregoing paper, in connection with protests 
 
 against the " Church Extension Union " from 
 
 Southern Ohio, Middle Iowa, and 
 
 rowing Northern Illinois Districts, brot forth 
 
 Feeling , , , . . , , . 
 
 a lengthy and spirited discussion. 
 
 Western Pennsylvania District had endorsed the 
 move and Middle Pennsylvania came within one 
 vote of doing likewise. On this occasion James 
 Quinter as President of the Union addressed the 
 Conference, in part, in this manner: "There has 
 been a growing feeling in our Brotherhood, for the 
 last twenty-five years, that we, as a body claiming 
 to be the Apostolic church, claiming its spirit, claim- 
 ing its ecclesiastical order, claiming, more or less, 
 of the zeal of the Apostolic church, — that we, with 
 these claims, have not been making the efforts that 
 we should make to spread that primitive Christian- 
 ity to which we hold, and which, better than all, 
 many of us, I hope, experimentally enjoy. And be- 
 cause of this growing feeling, different movements 
 have been made, to permit and encourage the Breth- 
 ren to make increased efforts. Last winter, — an 
 interest having become especially awakened within 
 the last year or so, — a call was made for a meeting, 
 the object of which was to try to give direction to 
 that feeling that had been awakened, — direction in 
 a manner that would promote the extension of our 
 doctrine and the promulgation of it more widely in 
 the world. A call was made for a meeting, and some 
 of us met there. The meeting was not large . . . 
 after prayerful consideration we organized what 
 has been called the Church Extension Union. We 
 
 (>7
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 did not feel it was perfect; we rather knew it was 
 not perfect. . . . We called a meeting for last 
 Saturday near this place, . . . and made a very 
 material amendment to the organization as it had 
 been formed at Meyersdale. While we maintained 
 the great principle and the design, we modified the 
 workings considerable. . . . We are called up 
 here and condemned ; we want right here to show 
 that there is no ground for our being condemned " 
 (pages 52 and 53, Annual Report for 1878). 
 
 Howard Miller, Secretary of the Union, also made 
 
 an address that reflects the sentiment of a part of 
 
 the Brotherhood, as well as setting 
 
 „ . forth the need of organizing at least 
 
 Sentiment , . ,., , ^ , „° , „ 
 
 somethmg like what the Church iix- 
 
 tension Union contemplated. " My dear Brethren," 
 said Brother Miller, "what have we done? In the 
 convention at Meyersdale, what is there that was 
 done, that should follow us here, and bring down 
 the condemnation of the church upon us? I found, 
 when I entered this church of my choice, that there 
 were no facilities for reaching the outposts. There 
 are counties in Pennsylvania where our church has 
 never been heard of; and I hold a letter in my hand 
 from the State of Indiana, that tells me there are 
 twenty-eight counties where they know nothing at 
 all about our doctrines. In the Southern States, go- 
 ing south of North Carolina, where there are two 
 churches, we have not even a single organization, 
 and, to my knowledge, in each of the States but four 
 or five members. In the far away North we have 
 not a single organized church ; and we have vast 
 
 68
 
 Struggle to 1884 
 
 cities in the United States, and vast countries in 
 other lands, where they do not know that such a 
 body, as that which we represent, exists. I know 
 there is no way to reach this multitude. I feel sure 
 that if this glorious faith of ours were fairly present- 
 ed, this church of ours might grow in numbers 
 and power until we would take front rank among 
 the ecclesiastical bodies of the age, and be no longer 
 the poor, despised, misunderstood and downtrodden 
 people that we are. I inserted a call in the church 
 papers for an expression from those who felt inter- 
 ested in this subject; and in response to that call I 
 received twenty-five hundred letters from my breth- 
 ren and sisters and . . . there was not one dis- 
 senting voice. . . . Now, in regard to the de- 
 parture we have made. What do we propose to do? 
 . . . We have all these calls filed away at home, 
 and more than those, amounting to no less than one 
 hundred. Now, brethren, we propose to spread this 
 faith of ours, and incorporated in the constitution 
 of the organization the provision that no man 
 should go forth to represent our doctrines, that 
 did not conform in practice to the established 
 order of the Brotherhood. It is not an innova- 
 tion; it is not true that its founders ever in- 
 Th n\f{ tended any. If there is any innova- 
 
 Pj^^Jj tion that we are guilty of, it is in 
 
 standing in the old path, and inquir- 
 ing for the good old ways. . . . There is a feel- 
 ing in the Brotherhood that you can not crush out 
 here. It is the love of the Lord Jesus Christ. . . . 
 So the letters come from all over the country. And 
 
 69
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 what shall we do? Shall we write to these men, to 
 whom I promised a minister, that the church stands 
 as a stone wall between them and their desire? In 
 God's name, No! Let us stand up to it, and say, 
 We will unite our scattered forces in one common 
 cause against sin." 
 
 The proposed plan had not the endorsement of 
 any District Meeting, and hence it did not receive 
 the approval it so earnestly and enthusiastically 
 sought. Biut sentiment was being moulded in the 
 right direction. 
 
 During the ensuing year at least one of the pe- 
 riodicals urged the churches to bring queries to the 
 next Conference urging adoption of the 
 Not Approved plan. This the Elk Lick congregation 
 of Western Pennsylvania did, but An- 
 nual Meeting, for some reason, " deferred " action, 
 and mission work continued at a standstill, save as 
 localities or parts of the Brotherhood were doing 
 what they could. At Meyersdale, Pennsylvania, 
 the churches round about had an enthusiastic meet- 
 ing under the proposed plan and raised over $100. 
 
 The next year Western Pennsylvania called up 
 
 and wished to " protect the petition " of the year 
 
 _ . before, " urging the work of evan- 
 
 Protect the ,. • i .• j • 
 
 p ^ . gelism upon said meetmg, and m- 
 
 structing the delegates to use all fair 
 means to have the Annual Meeting accept and en- 
 courage said work." In reply to this the following 
 resolution was passed : 
 
 That we appoint a committee of five, whose duty it 
 shall be to present a plan that will harmonize with other 
 
 70
 
 Struggle to 1884 
 
 plans that have been favored by Annual Meeting and the 
 one now in operation among us; but Annual Meeting 
 shall not be financially responsible for any plan. 
 
 At a later stage of the meeting the 
 A New Plan committee appointed reported the fol- 
 lowing plan, which was adopted : 
 
 1. We recommend this Annual Meeting to appoint 
 five brethren, sound in the faith and fully alive to our 
 missionary interests, to superintend the domestic and 
 foreign missionary work of the General Brotherhood. 
 
 2. That those five brethren appoint out of their num- 
 ber such ofiicers (Corresponding Secretary, Treasurer, 
 etc.) as the nature of the work requires. 
 
 3. That the brethren be instructed to interfere in no 
 way with any present individual church or District mis- 
 sionary efforts among our Brethren. 
 
 4. That Annual Meeting advise that any domestic or 
 foieign mission work of a general nature, like the Danish 
 Mission, now under the care of District Council, be com- 
 mitted to the supervision of this Board. 
 
 5. That this meeting recommend that the fund now in 
 the hands of the "Brethren's Work of Evangelism" be 
 committed to the treasury of the Board of the General 
 Conference. 
 
 6. That this Board be instructed to proceed no further 
 in its appointments, etc., than the means in its treasury 
 will justify. 
 
 7. That the officers of this Board be required to make 
 an official report of their work, its condition, operation 
 and wants, to each session of our General Conference, and 
 that said report go into our regular Minutes. 
 
 8. That every church in the Brotherhood be requested 
 to appoint a solicitor in its own congregation, to raise 
 funds for this work and forward the same to the Treas- 
 urer of this Mission Board, at least every six months. 
 
 9. That this Board be instructed to proceed to its work 
 at once as opportunity permits. 
 
 71
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 10. That Standing Committee of Annual Meeting be 
 required to fill any vacancy that may occur in the Board 
 from time to time and that its members be elected every 
 four years. 
 
 Committee J. W. Stein, John Metzger, Hiel Hamilton, 
 J. D, Livengood, J. W. Fitzgerald. 
 
 Immediately upon the adoption of 
 Danish j-j^g above paper the Conference trans- 
 
 Mission fg^^g^ ^^^ Danish Mission to the Do- 
 
 Transferred . , T^ TVT- • T, J 
 
 mestic and Foreign Mission Board. 
 
 The committee elected, as provided for in the 
 
 above, with its organization, was as 
 
 ^ ® . follows : E. Eby, Lena, Illinois, Presi- 
 
 Committee , , o t- t. t>» i • i 
 
 dent; S. T. Bosserman, Dunkirk, 
 
 Ohio, Secretary; J. Quinter, Huntingdon, Pennsyl- 
 vania, Treasurer; Joseph Leedy, of Indiana; D. E. 
 Brubaker, of Iowa. 
 
 "A working decision," as some writers had been 
 pleading for, had been passed by the 
 DeSn "^ Conference. It had in it all that was 
 needful to go forward with leaps and 
 bounds, even if it was not as complete as the Ogans 
 Creek plan. Did it work? Did missions go for- 
 ward? 
 
 At this point it is interesting to 
 Viewf ""^ catch the view of different individ- 
 
 uals, as expressed thru the different 
 periodicals* owned and published by the Brethren. 
 
 ♦(These were the days of many papers published in the 
 Interest of the church. In 1879 there were eleven, as fol- 
 lows: The Primitive Christian, weekly, and the Young Dis- 
 ciple, weekly, published by Quinter and Brumbaugh Brothers, 
 Huntingdon, Pennsylvania; Brethren at Work, weekly, and 
 Children at Work, monthly, J. H. Moore and M. M. Eshelman, 
 Lanark, Illinois; The Children's Paper, monthly, Henry J. 
 
 72
 
 Struggle to 1884 
 
 In the January 9, 1879, issue of Brethren at IVork^ 
 Brother S. Z. Sharp thus gives his survey of the 
 
 sentiment in the Brotherhood : "Look- 
 Missions°'^ ing over the entire Brotherhood, one 
 
 would hardly discover a single broth- 
 er or sister who would not like to see more souls 
 brot to Christ and the borders of Zion extended. 
 The church, as a body, has given its approval, and 
 recommends the support of foreign missions as well 
 as the missionary efforts in the several church Dis- 
 tricts at home. The general sentiment, prevailing 
 thruout the church in favor of missionary work, 
 may be judged by the expressions from all parts, 
 through our church papers, and the organized ef- 
 forts in Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Kan- 
 sas, and Nebraska, and perhaps in other States." 
 He then declares that "the Brotherhood is able to 
 raise $100,000 a year and not feel it." But he la- 
 ments that there is " too little self-sacrificing spirit 
 among us, — too many who are capable of doing mis- 
 sionary work love the comforts of home. . . . 
 Others, possessed of their thousands of dollars, act 
 as though they did not owe the Lord a cent." 
 
 A. J. Hixon would reinforce the preceding and ar- 
 gues that the " obligation to preach the Gospel to all 
 
 Kurtz, Dayton, Ohio; The Vindicator, monthly, Samuel Kln- 
 sey, Dayton, Ohio; The Brethren's Advocate, weekly, Daniel 
 H. Fahrney, Waynesboro, Pennsylvania; The Gospel Preacher, 
 weekly, S. H. Bashor and S. Z. Sharp, Ashland, Ohio: The 
 Deacon, monthly, P. H. Beaver, Montandon, Pennsylvania; 
 The Progressive Christian, weekly, H. R. Holsinger and J. 
 W. Beer, Berlin, Pennsylvania; The Home Mirror, monthly, 
 J. S. Plory, Longmont, Colorado. It was a day when the 
 church owned no poabllcation, and when the profits, If there 
 were any, went Into individual pockets.) 
 
 73
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 the world rests upon the churches," and not on the 
 
 ministers alone. "The ministry is merely an office in 
 
 the church, subject to the church, and 
 
 ^, , under the direction of the church." — 
 
 Brethren at Work, February ^, 1880. 
 
 There can be no misunderstanding in L. W. Teet- 
 
 . . er's view of obligation when he 
 
 e. c^ writes : " What shall we do that we 
 
 Same Stress .^ , . , . , , 
 
 Hq^i may stand justified m the sight of 
 
 God? The great commission speaks 
 yet with the same stress, as it did when it fell from 
 the lips of Omnipotent authority, ' Go ye into all 
 the world.' " — Primitive Christian, page 118, 1880. 
 David F. Eby admitted: "The Brethren know 
 that it is a command of God, and a duty enjoined 
 upon the church, . . . that the 
 Put Missions followers of Christ were to engage in 
 in ai y s missionary work. . . . The dif- 
 ference in opinion is on the plan of 
 raising the money and in the ways of spending it." 
 He favored giving the " financial part of the mis- 
 sionary work into the hands of the laity," and he 
 plead earnestly for this on the grounds that "noth- 
 ing is trusted in their care, consequently they be- 
 come inactive." — Brethren at Work, 1880. 
 
 One has more than usual interest in that splendid 
 " defender of the faith " of the Brethren, in what he 
 would write. R. H. Miller was "west- 
 y , ern editor" of the Primitive Chris- 
 
 tian, and in discussing the mission- 
 ary question, relating to the West, wrote as fol- 
 
 74
 
 Struggle to 1884 
 
 lows : " First, the scattered condition of our Breth- 
 ren over a large territory of the West; the minis- 
 terial help is not well divided or sufficient, which 
 makes many calls for preaching that can not be 
 filled. Second, the efforts of the ministry to convert 
 sinners, and spread the Gospel in its purity, have 
 been very successful." In another editorial the 
 same writer declares that "to come and help us is 
 the theme of many earnest letters." — Primitive Chris- 
 tian, page ij, 1880. 
 
 John Forney, in his characteristic and very prac- 
 tical way observes that " there is much said and 
 I, c • J written and too little done." He rec- 
 
 T '^^1 -Tk ' ommended that each minister spend 
 Little Done .• r t. • . 
 
 his spare time from home appoint- 
 ments in close-by, new points and follow the calls, 
 for they will come and a great work be done. — 
 Brethren at Work, January, 1880. 
 
 As a clear, forcible writer, correctly analyzing a 
 situation, D. C. Moomaw was one above the aver- 
 
 age in ability. His insight into the 
 J.. . , , situation enabled him to express very 
 
 accurately the real situation: "A 
 small number of our Brethren do not approve of 
 contributing anything to the sustentation of the 
 missions. Another small number think that the 
 ministry should not pursue any secular occupation 
 but should receive their entire support from the 
 church. The body of the church think that inci- 
 dental expenses of the ministers and their families 
 should be borne by the churches while in actual 
 service, but when off regular duty they should pur- 
 
 75
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 sue some secular business in order to support them- 
 selves." — Primitive Christian, page 8, 1880. 
 
 As editor and member of the newly-elected Mis- 
 sion Board, James Quinter thus wrote: "Knowing 
 as we do that there is a widespread 
 
 _ ^^. ® feeling in our Brotherhood, in regard 
 
 Position . ,1, • • 1 J 1 • 
 
 Appreciated missionary work, and knowing 
 
 also, that the Board, appointed by 
 the Annual Meeting, will be looked to as promoting 
 this work, we think we appreciate our position, 
 . . . and we will try to do the work that prop- 
 erly belongs to us." — Primitive Christian, page 203, 
 j88o. 
 
 In the same issue Enoch Eby, Chairman of the 
 
 Board, speaks : " Since 1853 the question of greater 
 
 _ ^ and more general effort in the Broth- 
 
 Dormant 1 1 r 1 , , , ^ 
 
 System erhood, for the spread of the Gospel, 
 
 Worthless has been before our Conference some 
 twelve different times; and every 
 time received its approval and hearty encourage- 
 ment, and while, in the meantime, there was a 
 steady growth in the interests of the missionary 
 cause among us, no very definite or extensive meas- 
 ure has ever been adopted till our late Annual 
 Meeting. Districts have been recommended to la- 
 bor in that direction, and many of them have done 
 well, and we are glad to notice a constant growth 
 in the interests of missionary work; and especially 
 were we pleased to see our late Annual Meeting, 
 for the first time, take hold of the reins in good ear- 
 nest, and adopt a system which, if carried out, and 
 worked up with the enthusiasm that the cause de- 
 
 76
 
 Struggle to 1884 
 
 mands, and which becometh the children of God 
 who have the salvation of the world committed 
 unto them, will certainly work well and accomplish 
 much good. But the best system in the world will 
 amount to nothing if left dormant." — Primitive Chris- 
 tian, page 205, 1880. 
 
 Landon West first presses that " the church has 
 in no way injured herself in the work already done 
 
 or that now is being done." Then he 
 Hints at reflects the criticism in his defense of 
 
 what has been done : " The Danish 
 Mission is said to be too far away, while they say 
 that there are thousands starving for the Bread of 
 Life all around us." Further, " It is costing a good 
 deal, while the work might be done here without 
 cost, — ^that souls in Denmark are not worth more 
 than souls here." He refers to an organized effort 
 for " city missions " and favors it because " what- 
 ever is introduced into the cities, very soon is spread 
 to the country ; besides, piety flourished in cities 
 long ago, and it will yet." — Brethren at Work, March 
 23, 1880. 
 
 With missionary ideals crystallized thru actual 
 contact with the needs of the highways and hedges, 
 
 Solomon Bucklew cries out: "It 
 Heartache makes my heart ache when I see 
 
 Brethren spend their money for use- 
 less things, and when asked for a half dollar to help 
 send the Bread of Life to starving souls, they have 
 nothing to spare." — Primitive Christian, page 58, 
 1880. 
 Bishop C. G. Lint, a leader in Somerset County, 
 
 77
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 Pennsylvania, where mission work had some of its 
 
 strongest advocates, raises the ques- 
 Not Ready tion: "Are w^e ready for missionary 
 
 work?" He criticises the lack of 
 unity of faith in the Brotherhood, and declares that 
 "if all the papers now published (see footnote on 
 page 72) by the Brethren would be sent into the 
 same community, instead of conversions there 
 would be confusion." — Brethren at Work, August 24, 
 1880. 
 
 Tho defending his paper in 1877, by declaring 
 it to be " a friend to and sympathizer with every 
 
 lawful effort, put forth in the promul- 
 P , gation of the Truth, tho we may at 
 
 times be a little more cautious about 
 what we take hold of than some think we ought to 
 be," J. H. Moore now argues with might and main 
 for going ahead : " Yes," says he, " the church of 
 Jesus Christ has always been ready to preach the 
 Gospel. We say we are ready for missionary work 
 because the Master says ' Go ' and we are in favor 
 of going till the Book says, Stop. . . . My im- 
 pression is that nothing would please the devil bet- 
 ter than to get our people to stop spreading the 
 Truth. He does not believe in the ' go ' but would 
 prefer the ' stop.' . . . To stop missionary work 
 is to invite idleness, and idleness is the devil's work- 
 shop. If the church wants to be kept pure we must 
 put her to work. . . . Care should be taken re- 
 garding the kind of men sent out in missionary 
 fields. . . . We are glad for the missionary step 
 taken by our late Annual Meeting, believing it to 
 
 78
 
 Struggle to 1884 
 
 have been just the right thing at the right time." — 
 Brethren at Work, September 14, 1880. 
 
 Despairing of the outlook of missions, as being 
 agitated, and intimating that those opposed to mis- 
 sions can not be heard, Silas Thomas, 
 Missions a ^f Philadelphia, speaks thus : " The 
 
 Precursor or a. j- ^i. • j- 1 
 
 p .. most of the periodicals among us are 
 
 persistent in their praise of the new 
 missionary scheme, and in their calls upon the 
 members to further it with their money, while they 
 refuse, point blank, to publish anything in opposi- 
 tion to it or commendatory of the pure old apostolic 
 mode of evangelizing thru which the Brotherhood 
 has attained her present state of prosperity. ' Com- 
 ing events cast their shadows before them,' and this 
 work of the papers is a sure precursor of what will 
 happen when the missionaries of the new order have 
 taken the field." — Vindicator, page 228, 1880. 
 
 "A. B." would ask, " What right or authority has 
 
 this or any other writer to say that the Savior de- 
 
 . mands people to commit property 
 
 ,,. . into the hands of men to carry into 
 
 Missions „ , . . ■' 
 
 Destructive eiiect their expensive and ambitious 
 
 plans. Christ directed the young man 
 to sell his property and give to the poor and the 
 apostles made collections in churches for the poor 
 saints at Jerusalem ; but nowhere, in all the New 
 Testament, can an instance be produced that either 
 Christ or the apostles required people to give their 
 money, or make collections to assist in the promul- 
 gation of the Gospel. When Jesus Christ sent forth 
 his disciples to preach, he furnished them with no 
 
 79
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 money, nor did he ever represent it as necessary to 
 promote the kingdom of grace and righteousness on 
 the earth. Whenever money is made an auxiliary 
 for promoting the interests of the Redeemer's king- 
 dom, it becomes emphatically the root of evil and 
 the destruction of true piety, and of every other 
 Christian grace in the church, as experience has 
 abundantly shown." — Vindicator, page 2^4, 1880. 
 
 Finally, amidst all the diversity of opinion ex- 
 pressed and suppressed, the appointed Mission 
 Board found it convenient to meet 
 
 por o December 9 of the same year it was 
 
 First Board , ,,,,,/. 
 
 Meeting appomted, and the followmg is a part 
 
 of the report, given as editorial by 
 Brother Quinter : "All the members of the Mission- 
 ary Board except Brother Brubaker, of Iowa, being 
 present at the council meeting in the Miami Valley, 
 a meeting of the Board was held on the night of 
 December 9, at the house of Brother Oberholtzer, 
 of Brookville, Ohio. The meeting was harmonious 
 and pleasant. The sentiment was unanimous that, 
 inasmuch as the Brethren have shown a very com- 
 mendable zeal and liberality in regard to the mis- 
 sion work, both at home and abroad, the work 
 should be pushed and extended as the providence of 
 the Lord may seem to direct, and as openings may 
 occur. Several calls were before the Board and 
 steps were taken to respond to these calls favorably. 
 There v^as one from Canada, one from Arkansas 
 and one from Minnesota. There seem to be other 
 places opening, and it is the wish of the Board that 
 the Brethren, in the different parts of the Brother- 
 
 80
 
 Struggle to 1884 
 
 hood, knowing of any places where there is an open- 
 ing for the presentation of the Truth as held by our 
 Fraternity, present such places to the Board, with 
 whatever information they may have in regard to 
 such places, and the Board will gladly encourage 
 missionary labors wherever there seems to be a 
 field ripening for the harvest." — Primitive Christian, 
 1880. 
 
 No wonder, in the light of the foregoing, that at 
 Annual Meeting of 1881, held at Ash- 
 
 o m u land, Ohio, a query should appear in 
 " regard to the missionary plan, with 
 its board of directors," etc., declaring " we are not in 
 full harmony " and therefore offer the following : 
 
 We ask Annual Meeting of 1881, through District Meet- 
 ing to recall said decision of last year in which we fear 
 a paid ministry is encouraged, and urge it earnestly upon 
 the Brotherhood to be more actively engaged in spread- 
 ing the truth amongst us and to all as much as can be 
 done, but in a more simple manner after the pattern and 
 advice of the church as given us heretofore. 
 
 How was the work progressing in Denmark dur- 
 ing these times of no unity on the home base? But 
 two extracts will be given and, indeed, they are 
 enough : 
 
 " I often think of the cause in Denmark," writes 
 
 Brother E. Eby, " and view its success with pleas- 
 
 ^ , ure. . . . On the other hand, my 
 
 Borrow from .„ ., , . ^ . / 
 
 a Straneer P"low could bear witness to my sighs 
 
 and groans, and even tears, when I 
 think that we have a brother there with no extraor- 
 dinary constitution, and a weakly wife and three 
 children to support, and no work to perform even if 
 
 81
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 they had time and ability to perform it. And after 
 sacrificing all his time, talent and strength, as a 
 servant of the church, and not able to meet one-half 
 the demand for preaching, that he must often be 
 without a cent at his command to buy food for his 
 children, forced as a stranger to borrow money, to 
 pay back as soon as it comes from here ; and our de- 
 lay often wearing the patience of those from whom 
 he has borrowed ; and then, when it does come, he 
 may be forced to use it for his own support. These 
 are facts, for we were forced to experience them 
 more or less while we were there." — Primitive Chris- 
 tian. 
 
 Indeed, more than a year after the passage of a 
 " working decision," Brother Hope must write, in 
 
 an open letter, a sad picture of penury 
 Dark Picture to Brother Harley, of Pennsylvania, 
 
 while acknowledging a direct gift for 
 the work. " Please accept thanks," says Brother 
 Hope. " I am glad that you have it good in Amer- 
 ica ; glad you have enough to eat, and enough to 
 put on your bodies to keep you warm. I am glad, 
 too, that you have carriages and railroads to take 
 you wherever you want to go. Surely, it is all good. 
 I do not think our dear Heavenly Father wants his 
 children to freeze or starve, or his poor ministers to 
 suffer for these things. Neither does he want them 
 to wear themselves out, so that, in a few years, they 
 are unable to attend to their duties and to support 
 their families. Oh, that those blessed with this 
 world's goods would help, not only us, but also the 
 many poor ministering brethren in America and 
 
 82
 
 Struggle to 1884 
 
 Denmark ! As a missionary, the church dealt fairly 
 with me. Our hardships have mostly been caused 
 by going farther than our means would allow, 
 and by drafts going wrong. If we have suf- 
 fered for clothes and food, as we often have, it has 
 not been so much the fault of the church as it has 
 been because we would rather suffer than see the 
 cause suffer. . . . You will please excuse me 
 for taking some of your gifts and putting some new 
 clothes on one of our poor ministers, who had only 
 one suit of clothes. He has been wearing some that 
 were more than half worn out. He is not properly 
 clad, and can not afford to get any 
 
 -,. ,. new clothes. I think it more Christ- 
 
 Pleading ,., , , , , 
 
 like to help such, than for sisters to 
 wear hats, ribbons, or fine and costly clothing. I 
 think if our fashionable members could see our poor 
 ministers, they would feel ashamed and repent. I 
 think if they could see our poor, having just one 
 room, with a clay floor, to live in, a rough, white 
 lumber box for a bedstead, a rough table, and a 
 bench or some two-legged stools to sit on ; if they 
 had to sit at their tables with a little dry, hard, black 
 bread, a little American lard, some milk at best, or a 
 little water, and then hear them gratefully offer 
 their fervent prayers to God for his blessings, they 
 would feel it their duty to help them, rather than put 
 finery on their dying bodies. Oh, how often I have 
 gone up on a hill and, looking over our people's 
 houses for miles around, wept like a child in their 
 behalf. Dear Brethren, our sufferings are nothing, 
 compared with theirs, as far as food is concerned." 
 — Primitive Christian, page 280, 188 1. 
 
 83
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 Hardships did not keep Brother Hope from look- 
 ing after the welfare of the church from every 
 
 angle. The question of title to prep- 
 py * ° erty, which was slowly being erected 
 
 by donations from America, was dis- 
 posed of in this wise manner: "We consulted in 
 regard to the building and title of the meetinghouse. 
 With common consent it was advised that the prop- 
 erty be protected from personal assault or from 
 falling into the hands of dissenting parties. This is 
 done by having the deed furnished with the name 
 of the American Fraternity, who can sell or dispose 
 of it through their missionary, when he is furnished 
 proper credentials through the United States am- 
 bassador in Copenhagen. Then, too, the property 
 is protected by the American Government. Should 
 persecution arise, or should a change ever be de- 
 sired, all we need to do is to give some one else the 
 power to act in the case." — Primitive Christian, page 
 77, 1882. 
 
 In spite of the remarkable success in Denmark, 
 compared to the spare support, the cry of suffering 
 
 and want did not move the hearts of 
 
 Paid Min- • n • u 
 
 „ - some smcere, well-meanmg members, 
 istry Feared , , ' . . , , ., 
 
 who feared conscientiously the evils 
 
 of a salaried ministry and felt sure that such mis- 
 sions could not be other than the opening wedge to 
 the flood of corruption that follows the " paid min- 
 istry." It is plainly seen in the following query to 
 Annual Meeting of 1882, and the request was grant- 
 ed, too : 
 
 Whereas there is a tendency, in places in our Brother- 
 hood, toward a salaried ministry, will this District Meet- 
 
 84
 
 Struggle to 1884 
 
 ing ask Annual Meeting that there be no specified sum 
 per day, week, month or year paid to ministers on mis- 
 sions, or any other work; but the Mission Board or Com- 
 mittee, having control of funds, may donate to ministers 
 such sums as, in their judgment, their circumstances re- 
 quire? 
 
 James Quinter was a man of a high, spiritual 
 
 type, a large vision, full of faith and the Holy Spirit, 
 
 ,3, self-sacrificing man, whose labors 
 
 H "li t d ^°^ *^^ church will be better appre- 
 ciated as his life recedes into the past. 
 His patient efforts among a people, slow to learn 
 the lessons of life and salvation, gave him a poise 
 only equaled by the noble spirit within him. But 
 his heart is grieved over the situation and his pen 
 speaks : " The fact is the Board has been discour- 
 aged under existing circumstances. We have felt 
 but little encouragement to labor or to have others 
 labor to extend the borders of Zion while the inter- 
 nal state of the church is what it is. We feel 
 grieved and humiliated to think we would permit 
 the enemy to get such advantage of us as has in- 
 terfered so much with our usefulness." — Primitive 
 Christian, page 280, 1882. 
 
 May 25, 1882, all the members be- 
 Report of . \ ^1 f 11 • 
 
 Mission Board '"§^ Present, the followmg report was 
 1882 heard and later submitted to the An- 
 
 nual Meeting: 
 From Evangelists: 
 
 John Wise: In Canada, 40 days; Pennsylvania, 16; Mis- 
 souri, 55; Southern Illinois, 54. Total, 165 days, during 
 which time he conducted 206 meetings and had 18 ac- 
 cessions. He traveled 5,365 miles at an expense of $126.03. 
 Total allowance for expense and time, $350. 
 
 85
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 '^ — 
 
 <, ... ^Jl^t.^.,^ (^t-^L OiL^^C^ iv^ .J^^n-^^ ^ ^^-"^ 
 
 „ -,. ^</^^^./, ^J. /i, i-^. 
 
 /, // ^-^^ ri-^<^ ^3^^^ ^. /^ /^ ^^ 
 
 /< ft ^u^ c^-^a.^^ /^"<^iL.*w>^ ^/t/ ^ v6;«i-^4-«^ ^t -^ 
 
 'it //& 0^vt.*t£a. C^^ , <^ ^ /i^ /TV 
 
 J 
 
 Fac simile of first^page of J. Quinter's cash book, showing 
 first mission receipts received by the General Mission Board 
 in 1880. 
 
 86
 
 Struggle to 1884 
 
 D. M. Miller in Minnesota, 4 accessions. 
 
 E. Eby and J. W. Trostle, one week in Minnesota. 
 J. W. Wilt, in Clearfield County, Pa., 4 accessions. 
 Jas. R. Gish, about three months in Southern Missouri 
 
 and Arkansas. 
 
 Financial 
 
 Total receipts for Domestic Missions for 
 the two years, ... $960.96 
 
 Expenditures: 
 To Elder J. Wise, time and expenses, ..$350.00 
 To Elder D. M. Miller, expenses only, . . 33.36 
 To Elder J. W. Wilt, expenses only, .. 20.00 
 To Elder J. W. Trostle, expenses only, 20.00 
 To Elder Enoch Eby, expenses only, . . 10.00 
 
 Expenses of Board, 47.00 
 
 For tracts sent out by H. R. Holsinger, 2.15 
 Expenses for postal cards, stamps, etc., 5.00 
 
 To Elder Jas. R. Gish, 
 
 To Elder J. W. Beer, $487.51 
 
 Balance on hand, $473.45 
 
 Danish Mission 
 Receipts: 
 
 For two years, closing- to date, $1,800.00 
 
 For Brother Hope's family and the poor in 
 Denmark, 182.88 
 
 $1,982.88 
 Expenditures: 
 
 For Brother Hope and family, the poor in Den- 
 mark and the spread of the Gospel, 1,900.00 
 
 Balance on hand $ 82.88 
 
 Three requests from Brother Hope, and endorsed 
 by the Board, were presented to the Conference and 
 it is presumed they were granted. 
 
 87
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 1. Permiting Brother Hope to rent a hall for preaching. 
 
 2. An appropriation to continue the publishing of the 
 Danish paper. 
 
 3. For a continuance of funds for his colaborers, for 
 their sustenance and encouragement in the cause in Den- 
 mark. 
 
 The period covered by this chapter was a stormy 
 
 one. Its pages, in many instances, are scarred by 
 
 unkind insinuations, bitter attacks 
 
 - 1,. ^"^^ and replies, severe and unbrotherly 
 of Division . . . , . ... , ij 
 
 criticism, much of which should not 
 
 have found its way into print, — much less in the 
 hearts of our Brethren, — and would not, had it not 
 been that the editors were the owners of the period- 
 icals. As a result of this conflict, Brethren baptized 
 into the same Christ, sheltered in the same fold, but 
 reared under different influences, and hence having 
 different standards, — all seeking what they thot was 
 the highest good in Zion, came to the sad parting 
 that terminated this struggle. Those feeling that 
 they were far in advance, withdrew, and, as they 
 felt, went ahead. Others, convinced that the church 
 was going entirely too fast, dropped off behind; 
 while the great body remained staunch and staid in 
 the faith for which the church so long stood. 
 
 But was the struggle worth while? The heart- 
 aches in homes divided as they were, — cleavage 
 
 between children and parents, — some- 
 Who Knows? times between husband and wife, — 
 
 the splitting up of congregations into 
 such small portions that all suffered as weaklings, — 
 was it worth while, when all sought the Lord in do- 
 ing what they did? Or did many, forgetting their 
 
 88
 
 Struggle to 1884 
 
 hearts, and ruled by their heads, try to force results 
 that patient efforts would have accomplished? Who 
 knows? 
 
 Some in the conflict were so bitter that in word 
 as well as in heart they said to their brother, " Be- 
 
 g^one, I will not fellowship with you," 
 xidf^^ or "I withdraw from you." The 
 
 brother went and the Church of the 
 Brethren of 1880, the beginning of organized mis- 
 sionary efforts, stands today, not a united body, but 
 with the Progressives withdrawn on the one hand, 
 and the Old Orders on the other. 
 
 Let the cloak of charity be thrown over the whole 
 period. The historian, passing this way, will stop a 
 
 moment and drop a tear on the havoc 
 onging or ^-^yide, and then move on. Most of 
 Reunion , • , n- , 
 
 those m the conflict have crossed over 
 
 the river, and the others will soon follow, and all of 
 them will be where to be with God means to agree 
 as brethren. A new generation that fought not the 
 battles of this wilderness are now possessing the 
 promised land of precious opportunity, and it will 
 be a glad day, longed for in the hearts of many, 
 when the fraternal bond of "one faith" that once 
 bound us together, again unites us all in Jesus Christ 
 our Lord. 
 
 89
 
 3Ftfll|rrH of Mm 
 
 Jesus saith unto them, Follow me, and I will make you fishers 
 of men. Matt. 4: 19. 
 
 Psa. 132: 16 
 Matt. 3: 11 
 2 Cor. 3: 6 
 
 2 Cor. 5: 20 
 
 1 Cor. 9: 19, 
 23 
 
 22, 
 
 Prov. 11: 30 
 James 5: 19, 
 
 Dan. 12: 3 
 Mark 16: 15 
 
 20 
 
 I will also clothe her priests with salva- 
 tion: and her saints shall shout aloud for 
 joy. — He shall baptize you with the Holy 
 Ghost, and with fire. — ■Who also hath made 
 us able ministers of the new testament; not 
 of the letter, but of the spirit: for the let- 
 ter killeth, but the spirit giveth life. 
 
 Now then we are ambassadors for Christ, 
 as though God did beseech you by us: we 
 pray you in Christ's stead, be ye recon- 
 ciled to God. — Though I be free from all 
 men, yet have I made myself servant unto 
 all, that I might gain the more. — I am 
 made all things to all men, that I might 
 by all means save some. And this I do 
 for the Gospel's sake, that I might be par- 
 taker thereof with you. 
 
 The fruit of the righteous is a tree of 
 life; and he that winneth souls is wise. 
 
 Brethren, if any of you do err from the 
 truth, and one convert him; let him know, 
 that he which converteth the sinner from 
 the error of his way shall save a soul from 
 death, and shall hide a multitude of sins. 
 
 They that be wise shall shine as the 
 brightness of the firmament; and they that 
 turn many to righteousness as the stars 
 forever and ever. 
 
 Go ye into all the world, and preach the 
 gospel to every creature. 
 
 90
 
 V. 
 
 C6e ifir0t Decade of £Drg:anffeD 
 ^is$ionatp (Biiott 
 
 WHILE the disagreement of the years 
 "eighty-two and three" absorbed the atten- 
 tion of many in the church, there were still 
 many others who were more concerned about the 
 welfare and progress of Zion. The church mili- 
 tant must go on to victory, and not stop because 
 of any loss of strength. The contending forces, 
 having in a large measure withdrawn, the time 
 for earnest labor, along with wise planning, was 
 at hand, and none put more zeal, enthusiasm 
 and care into the work before them than did the 
 Church of the Brethren. 
 
 This was seen in the fact that already at the Con- 
 ference of 1883 " several petitions were presented to 
 the meeting, asking for a plan by 
 F^^dA^k°d^^ which we may have a permanent 
 Pqj building fund for building meeting- 
 
 houses." The papers were referred to 
 a special committee, to formulate a report covering 
 all of them. This committee realized that a ques- 
 tion of large possibilities and great usefulness was 
 presented to them, — assisting weak congregations 
 to build houses of worship, and thereby giving per- 
 manence and prestige to the work in new places 
 
 91
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 that could not otherwise maintain their own against 
 the odds before them. The urgency of these peti- 
 tions, also, in all probability, accounts for church 
 building being placed before missionary work in the 
 name of the new committee, — the General Church 
 Erection and Missionary Committee. 
 
 The committee returned to the 
 
 rocee meeting the following recommenda- 
 
 tion: 
 
 This meeting sees the importance of something being 
 done in the matter referred to in the queries. But it also 
 feels the necessity of proceeding cautiously in the matter; 
 therefore lays the matter over for one year, for prayerful 
 consideration of the Brethren, and appoints a committee 
 of three brethren who shall, in the meantime, formulate a 
 plan and rules of government, to be submitted to next An- 
 nual Meeting for its adoption. Committee, Samuel Har- 
 ley, Geo. C. Bowman, Jesse Studebaker, Jos. C. Lahman, 
 L. H. Dickey. 
 
 At this same meeting came another 
 
 Plan for r i • , -r -. 
 
 P . paper of larger import even, if its pur- 
 
 Church Work pose did not get first place in the 
 name of the new committee. 
 
 There being a necessity for a more simple and effective 
 system for the purpose of raising means for general church 
 work, we request that District Meeting ask Annual Meet- 
 ing to adopt the following plan, in harmony with the 
 Scriptures (1 Cor. 16: 1-3; 2 Cor. 11: 8): 
 
 1. Let the foreman of each church or congregation 
 throughout the Brotherhood, at the time of holding their 
 church meetings (say at least once a quarter), take up a 
 collection or subscription for general church work. 
 
 2. Let the amount so raised be sent up to Annual Meet- 
 ing by the delegates, or otherwise, and be reported to the 
 Clerk of the Annual Meeting. 
 
 3. Then let the Annual Meeting appoint a committee to 
 
 92
 
 Organized Effort 
 
 whom shall be reported the amount brought up, and to 
 whom all claims or requests for means to carry on general 
 church work shall be made, such as Foreign and Home 
 Missions, assisting in building meetinghouses, or any work 
 that the General Church may be disposed to assist in 
 or do. 
 
 4. Said committee, after duly considering all such claims 
 or requests, shall suggest an apportionment of the funds 
 to the different branches of church work, as they may, in 
 their judgment, think best for the furthering of the cause 
 of general church work, and report the same to Annual 
 Meeting before its close, for adoption, rejection or amend- 
 ment. 
 
 5. The Annual Meeting shall appoint a Treasurer to re- 
 ceive the funds sent in, who shall disburse the same in ac- 
 cordance with the instructions resulting from the last pre- 
 ceding clause. He shall hold office until the next Annual 
 Meeting and make his report thereto, accompanied with 
 his receipts. 
 
 6. The report of the amount of money sent in from each 
 church to be published in the Minutes. 
 
 The committee, appointed to receive the above 
 papers and formulate some plan to be submitted to 
 the Conference of 1884, consisted of Daniel Vani- 
 man, S. S. Mohler, W. R. Deeter, E. Eby and John 
 Zuck. 
 
 The report of this committee w^as the second item 
 of business at the meeting of 1884 held near Dayton, 
 Ohio. The report, which is as follows, 
 AConstitu- ^^g adopted and became the Consti- 
 tion for . r , T-, , i , 
 
 Missions tution for the Brotherhood under 
 
 which a most successful campaign of 
 missions, both at home and abroad, has been, by 
 the mercies of the Heavenly Father, developed dur- 
 ing the last twenty-nine years : 
 
 93
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 1. We recommend that a committee of five brethren be 
 appointed, living sufficiently near each other for frequent 
 consultation: part of whom shall be lay members, part dea- 
 cons, and part ministers, and not more than two of either; 
 and this committee shall be known as " The General 
 Church Erection and Missionary Committee." 
 
 2. That said committee be nominated by Standing Com- 
 mittee and approved by General Conference, and shall 
 serve for a term of three years, except the members first 
 appointed, two of whom shall serve for one year, two for 
 two years, and one for three years. 
 
 3. That said committee shall meet as often as neces- 
 sary to carry on its work successfully, and shall elect its 
 own officers, make its own by-laws, fill all vacancies that 
 may incidentally occur in the committee and recommend 
 to General Conference for adoption, anything necessary to 
 forward its work. 
 
 4. That the object of this committee is, and shall be, to 
 build, or assist in building plain houses of worship, and to 
 send suitable brethren to preach the Gospel, distribute 
 tracts, and to organize and build up churches where there 
 are favorable openings. All expenses, both of the com- 
 mittee and of brethren sent out on church work, to be paid 
 out of the funds collected. 
 
 5. That each State District be urged to have some ef- 
 fective church erection and missionary plan of its own to 
 assist weak churches in its own territory to build plain 
 houses of worship, and to preach the Gospel where there 
 are favorable openings; and the General Committee may 
 assist but shall in no way interfere with any building or 
 missionary work carried on by any District or individual 
 church, and any church situated in a State District, in or- 
 der to get help through the General Committee, must ap- 
 ply to, and build under the directions of the District Com- 
 mittee, and District Committee, unable to meet all such 
 calls, may apply to, and receive help from the General 
 Committee. 
 
 6. That the General Committee shall, quarterly or 
 oftener, circulate thruout the Brotherhood, a printed re- 
 
 94
 
 Organized Effort 
 
 port explanatory of the nature and progress of its work, 
 and shall annually submit a report of all its work to Gen- 
 eral Conference for approval. 
 
 7. That the Standing Committee shall annually inspect, 
 or cause to be inspected, the report of the General Com- 
 mittee, before it is submitted to General Conference, and 
 shall assist the Committee in developing any necessary 
 improvements for advancing the work. 
 
 How to Raise the Means 
 
 1. Let each member, at all able to do so, give for gen- 
 eral church erection and mission work, one cent, or more, 
 if able, each week, according as the Lord has prospered 
 him, upon the principle taught in 1 Cor. 16: 1, 2. 
 
 2. Let each congregation thruout the Brotherhood adopt 
 some plan to solicit each member at least twice each year, 
 and receive such offerings and forward the same to the 
 treasurer of the General Committee, who shall receipt for 
 the amount, and report it through the quarterly report, and 
 to General Conference in connection with the amount 
 raised and expended by each State District in their Dis- 
 trict work. 
 
 The members elected for the Gen- 
 j^. • eral Church Erection and Missionary 
 
 Committee Committee were as follows: E. Eby 
 and C. P. Rowland, one year; D. 
 Vaniman and S. Riddlesberger, two years ; D. L. 
 Miller, three years. 
 
 At this same Conference the Foreign and Domes- 
 tic Missionary Board had its last meeting on June 
 
 _ . 5, closed its business, referred calls 
 
 Covenng ^ ^i . , -r-. ^ . 
 
 Four Years "^"^ committee, and Bro. Qum- 
 
 ter, the Treasurer, made a summa- 
 rized statement covering the four years of its ex- 
 istence: 
 
 95
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 Treasurer's Report Covering Last Four Years 
 
 For Danish Mission, $3,194.29 
 
 For Sister Hope and family, 157.50 
 
 For benefit of young Danish brethren, . 62.85 
 For benefit of the poor in Denmark, . . . 21.25 
 For building of meetinghouses, 2,557.71 $5,993.60 
 
 Forwarded to Denmark, $5,520.00 
 
 On hand, $ 473.60 $5,993.60 
 
 Home Missionary Work 
 
 Amount collected for four years $1,072.11 
 
 Expended, $756.31 
 
 On hand, $315.80 $1,072.11 
 
 On June 13, 1884, all the members of the General 
 Church Erection and Missionary Committee met in 
 
 Mount Morris, Illinois, for the pur- 
 . " pose of organization and planning the 
 
 work in hand. The usual form of by- 
 laws was adopted, the only point deserving notice 
 being that the presiding officer is called " Foreman " 
 instead of " President," the ordinary term. This, no 
 doubt, was done to meet the criticism sent by 
 Nerthern Il.Hnois, Middle Iowa and Southern Ohio 
 to the Annual Meeting, a few years prior, regarding 
 the " Church Extension Union." One of the points 
 of protest was that said organization " requires a 
 Board of Directors, President and other officials." 
 (See Annual Report, 1878, page 51, under Northern 
 District of Illinois.) Enoch Eby was elected Fore- 
 man, Daniel Vaniman, Assistant Foreman, and D. L. 
 Miller, Secretary-treasurer. The Committee decided 
 
 96
 
 Organized Effort 
 
 
 ^'^<2j<'7J o2j^. 
 
 
 
 ,/ / o o 
 
 ^ I, ,.(f\aeJa^ d^&^^^J^^-.yfC <i^^'<t^ 4^^^ fay ^ S CO 
 
 /^ ^^^M jLi£e^' ^(u^a^ M ^ /OCO 
 
 . ., d^cJ. (frieze Z^-'^cAfJ^.jA ^ /ooo 
 
 ^ 7" ' ' 
 
 Pac simile of first page of D. L. Miller's Cash Book, show- 
 ing record of first mission receipts in 1884 under the new or- 
 ganization. 
 
 97
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 to hold regular meetings on the first Tuesdays of 
 January, April, July and October. One of the acts of 
 this first meeting was to print the " Plan Adopted 
 by Annual Meeting " and now governing them, in 
 the Gospel Messenger. They also decided "that a 
 circular containing the same be mailed to each elder 
 in the Brotherhood." 
 
 In addition to the plan, the Com- 
 oLuicts^** mittee added the following to the cir- 
 cular : 
 
 It will be seen, by carefully examining the foregoing 
 plan, that provisions are made for expending as well as for 
 raising money. The State Districts are urged to organize 
 and appoint Missionary Boards, and to carry forward the 
 work in their own territory. It will be noticed that the 
 General Committee can only receive calls for help, and 
 assist in building meetinghouses, thru and under the direc- 
 tion of the District Committee. The wisdom of this pro- 
 vision will be seen at a glance. If a call come from a Dis- 
 trict to help to build, the Local Committee, being acquaint- 
 ed with the merits of the case, is better qualified to advise 
 than the General Committee can be; and hence the pro- 
 priety of making a call for help is placed in their hands. 
 The General Committee take this occasion to urge State 
 Districts to organize some efifective church erection and 
 missionary plan of their own, and also to appoint District 
 Committees, thru whom calls may be made on the Gen- 
 eral Committee. 
 
 Every congregation in the Brotherhood is strongly 
 urged to appoint a solicitor, whose duty it shall be to so- 
 licit each member at least twice a year, and to receive such 
 ofiferings as he may feel to give to the work of the Lord. 
 By this means all may give and all receive the blessings 
 promised to those who give to the Lord. The Committee 
 feel to commend the readiness and liberality with which 
 the missionary plan has been received by the churches. 
 
 98
 
 Organized Effort 
 
 Following this is a splendid array of scriptures, 
 under the head " Scriptural Plan of Giving," an- 
 swering the questions, "Who Shall Give?" "How 
 Much Shall We Give? " " In What Spirit Shall We 
 Give?" and "The Promised Blessings." 
 
 The Brotherhood had not caught the full meaning 
 of the new plan, even if it had been sent to every 
 bishop for careful study, besides re- 
 , Q, ceiving other publicity, and the Com- 
 
 mittee was compelled to refer many 
 calls, addressed to it, to the Districts where they 
 belonged, because they came from organized terri- 
 tory. The Minutes of the first meeting of the Com- 
 mittee say that " calls for help were presented from 
 Denmark, Sweden, Germany, Texas and Oregon ; 
 also a call from St. Louis for tracts." But the calls 
 were all deferred because no money was on hand. 
 
 At the next meeting of the Committee, held Octo- 
 ber 7, 1884, in the home* of D. L. Miller, Mount Mor- 
 
 ,„ , ris, Illinois, where the Committee 
 
 vV ork 
 
 Reported continued to meet until 1899, reports 
 
 were heard from fields and workers 
 as follows: Daniel Vaniman for Texas and Jeffer- 
 son County, Illinois; D. M. Miller for Minnesota; 
 S. S. Mohler for Texas; W. B. Sell for Northern 
 Missouri ; J. W. Wilt for Glen Hope mission, Penn- 
 sylvania. Enoch Eby was, at this meeting, asked 
 to take charge of the Texas mission. 
 
 See illustration. 
 
 99
 
 *> 
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 The Committee found itself handi- 
 Worker capped for workers and so published 
 
 a call in the Gospel Messenger after 
 this manner: 
 
 The Committee desires to have the names of faithful 
 brethren who are willing to work in the mission field. 
 Calls are often made and the Committee is at a loss to 
 know whom to send. If they had a list of names to select 
 from, then they could send suitable brethren who live near- 
 est the place from whence the call comes. Brethren who 
 are willing to work for the Master in this way, will please 
 send names and addresses to the Secretary, D. L. Miller, 
 Mt. Morris, Illinois. 
 
 The Annual Report for 1884 and '85 tells of eight- 
 een being added to the church by baptism in Den- 
 mark, and three in Sweden; that it 
 First Annual ^^j^^^ ^^ gOO annually to keep the 
 Report , . , T-, , ^^ ^ , 
 
 work movmg; that Brother Hope de- 
 sires to return to America at the close of 1886. It 
 was decided that $80.30 be expended to send Der 
 Briiderhote into Germany and Switzerland, and 
 the results reported were some letters of thanks. 
 The financial part stands briefly as follows : 
 
 Receipts: 
 
 For foreign missions, including amount from 
 
 J. Quinter, $1,550.39 
 
 Received for General Mission Fund 2,256.98 
 
 Total, $3,807.37 
 
 Expenditures: 
 
 Denmark, for meetinghouses, etc., ..$1,261.55 
 Support of Bro. Hope and work,.... 1,350.00 
 
 100
 
 Organized Effort 
 
 Returned to Sister Hope, money 
 willed to her and used in mission 
 earlier, $ 500.00 
 
 On home field, Board expenses, etc.,. 440.54 $3,552.09 
 
 On hand, $ 255.28 
 
 The money received was donated: For the foreign mis- 
 sion by 166 individual donors and 148 churches; for gen- 
 eral missionary work by 80 individual donors and 110 
 churches. 
 
 At the Conference of 1885 Middle Iowa asked to 
 
 have " incorporated a clause in the general mission 
 
 plan that said board shall be request- 
 
 -,, . ed and empowered to locate, if pos- 
 
 Mmisters ., , . . , ' r 
 
 Bible, a mmister wherever a prospect 
 
 or opening is found to build a church of the Breth- 
 ren." This was granted. 
 
 To one living in the light, enthusiasm and devel- 
 opment of missions in the church today, some of 
 these lengthy extracts may seem bur- 
 
 _, ^ , densome and superfluous to this his- 
 
 Preserved 
 
 tory, yet these very efforts should be 
 
 preserved and considered, because they outline the 
 sure foundation our fathers laid, on which now the 
 superstructure so grand, rests. This is why the fol- 
 lowing circular letter to solicitors, prepared by D. 
 L, Miller and E. S. Young, under order of the Com- 
 mittee at its meeting, October 6, 1885, is here given. 
 Note, this Committee put missions before meeting- 
 houses in their address : 
 
 To the Solicitors of the Missionary and Church Erection 
 Work, Dear Brethren and Sisters, Greeting: 
 We address you individually upon the importance of the 
 great work, entrusted by the church into your hands. 
 
 101
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 Upon your energy and earnestness, in soliciting aid for 
 the great work of spreading the Gospel, depends the suc- 
 cess of the most important mission ever undertaken by 
 the church. Upon your efforts and your labors may de- 
 pend the salvation of immortal souls. With the hope 
 that you fully realize the importance of the great cause 
 for which we are jointly laboring, we send you this appeal, 
 and kindly ask you to consider the suggestions herein 
 offered. 
 
 To succeed well in your work, you will find if you have 
 not already done so, that it will help you very much if you 
 adopt a system in soliciting aid. Whatever plan you 
 adopt, let it take in every member in your congregation, 
 and let it include a personal appeal to each one, laying be- 
 fore all the necessity and the importance of giving to this 
 great work. Do not be satisfied with your labor until you 
 have received the amount from your church asked for by 
 the Annual Meeting, i. e., one cent a week from each 
 member, or fifty-two cents per year. You know how 
 many members you have. If there are one hundred they 
 should give, collectively, $52 per year. One church in Illi- 
 nois, with a membership of two hundred, gave over $300 
 last year for missionary work. Loyalty to the church, 
 and a desire to see it prosper, loyalty to Christ, and a 
 desire to see sinners brot to him, will induce every mem- 
 ber of the church to give. Remember it is not the large 
 sums that a few individuals may give that will supply the 
 means for the work, but it is the one cent a week that 
 every member ought to give, that will supply money 
 enough to fill every call that is made on the Committee. 
 
 Some, we learn, excuse themselves from giving by say- 
 ing they do not know whether the money will be used 
 judiciously or not. To such you may say the Mission 
 Fund is as carefully guarded as any fund can be. The 
 Treasurer is required to publish a quarterly statement of 
 all money received, so that all may see that the sums sent 
 in by them are properly reported. Then, again, he can 
 only pay out money by order of the Committee, and must 
 take a receipt for what is paid out. There is no chance 
 
 102
 
 Organized Effort 
 
 for misappropriation here. The funds are as carefully 
 guarded as possible. 
 
 Again, no money is paid out in salaries to the Commit- 
 tee, or its officers. The Secretary and Treasurer gave 
 fully one-third of his time, last year, to the work of mis- 
 sions and gave it freely. Actual expenses for stamps, pa- 
 per, printing, and the traveling expenses of members of 
 the Committee, who live away from the place of meeting, 
 are paid, and every cent of the balance of the fund goes 
 to the mission work. We call your attention to these 
 facts, so that, when excuses like the above are given, you 
 may be able to meet them. 
 
 The energetic solicitor will arm himself with the Sword 
 of the Spirit, which is the Word of God. The Word is 
 strong and full of commands to give. 1 Cor. 16: 2 trans- 
 lated literally from the Greek, reads, " Upon the first day 
 of the week let every one put into the treasury as he has 
 been prospered " (Macknight's Translation). 
 
 In conclusion, we urge upon you: 
 
 1. To implore God to help you in the work. 
 
 2. To see all members in your congregation, and, if pos- 
 sible, to get them to give. Do this by appealing to them 
 personally. Go to them; don't wait for them to come to 
 you. Give some of your time to this work, and the Lord 
 will bless your labor. 
 
 3. Do not be satisfied until your church has sent in the 
 amount asked for by the Annual Meeting, one cent a week 
 for each member. 
 
 4. If you have not already done so, begin the work at 
 once. Remember the time is short, and what we do, we 
 must do quickly. Our race will soon be run. Our oppor- 
 tunities for work will soon be o'er. 
 
 May the Lord bless you all with us, and so direct the 
 work, entrusted into our hands, that sinners may be saved, 
 and his great name be glorified! 
 
 During the ensuing year, ending April, 1886, the 
 
 103
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 Committee pushed its work with commendable zeal. 
 
 The Brotherhood manifested a growing interest, 
 
 plainly seen in the increased receipts 
 Increased , . ^Ko^r^^o ^-r^ , r 
 
 Receipts bemg $849.63, or 27% over those of 
 
 the preceding year. 
 
 While the Committee was thus quietly pushing 
 
 its work, Annual Conference of 1886 had to deal 
 
 _ with several questions bearing on 
 
 First Public ^,1 1 ^ f • . T 
 
 Missionary ^^^ development of missions. In 
 
 Meeting the first place, in 1885, at the Mex- 
 
 ico, Pennsylvania, Annual Meeting, 
 there was a public missionary meeting held and a 
 collection lifted, the first outburst of willingness to 
 do something on the part of the brethren and sisters 
 who had long desired to see more missionary senti- 
 ment developed at the Conferences. The sisters and 
 brethren had planned a rather quiet meeting, but 
 were persuaded, by influential brethren, to have the 
 meeting in the Tabernacle. Not all, taking part in 
 the program, came up to the standard, for some ; the 
 collection was objectionable to others. On the 
 whole, the missionary movement was again some- 
 what in peril. This is why the Committee of Ar- 
 rangements for 1886 consulted Standing Committee, 
 and together framed a paper (see Report of Annual 
 Meeting for 1886, page 12), in which they rehearse 
 three points of dissatisfaction and ask Conference 
 " to correct which errors and encourage a healthy 
 growth of missionary sentiment and work in the 
 Brotherhood, . . . that no separate missionary 
 meeting of either brethren and sisters be held at 
 this Annual Meeting. . . . That a missionary 
 
 104
 
 Organized Effort 
 
 meeting be held immediately after dinner on 
 Wednesday and that the Committee of Arrange- 
 ments see that proper speakers, to open and conduct 
 the meeting, be secured." This was approved. In 
 answer to a query, later at this Conference, it was 
 decided that " all business or work on the mission- 
 ary cause must first pass the Annual Meeting in 
 regular order, before it can be introduced in any 
 form at the meeting" (Art. 15, 1886). 
 
 A request that cities be placed under the General 
 
 Board was denied, because "our city 
 
 City Missions • • i . j r u i.u 
 
 ^ ,r^ missions are being cared for by the 
 
 Cared For ° "^ 
 
 Districts in which they fall," 
 The Committee itself, in order to " secure suitable 
 brethren to send as missionaries, and secure the co- 
 operation of all the churches in the missionary 
 work," petitioned for the following and it was 
 granted : 
 
 Let the Missionary Committee of each State District 
 nominate two or more ministers, whose consent has been 
 obtained, to serve as missionaries if called upon, inside 
 of one year, one of whom shall be elected by the vote of 
 the delegates present at District Meeting, and reported 
 to the General Committee, with a statement of his age, 
 degree of office, occupation, and the number, age and sex 
 of his family (Art. 21, 1886). 
 
 The year closing April, 1887, shows growth and 
 an enlarging vision. The Committee saw great 
 value in securing an endowment, first. 
 Endowment because of the assured income ; sec- 
 ond, because there were many who 
 wished to perpetuate their usefulness by endowing. 
 Hence the following request to Conference of 1887, 
 which was readily granted: 
 
 105
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 The General Church Erection and Missionary Commit- 
 tee was authorized to accept donations for an Endowment 
 Fund, to be placed on interest and the increase from it to 
 be used in the mission work of the church. The plan for 
 securing and investing said Fund shall be left in the hands 
 of the Committee (Minutes of Annual Meeting, page 
 447). 
 
 Before Conference, that year, a number of queries 
 appeared: One to send a missionary to the Mor- 
 mons of Utah ; another to send mis- 
 
 ^ . sionaries to Germany, because from 
 
 Queries , , . , . , , , 
 
 there came the fathers of the church. 
 
 These two were referred to the Committee. ReaHz- 
 ing the great value of the Gospel Messenger' in 
 spreading the Truth, a request to use mission funds 
 to send the paper where the Missionary Committee 
 thought wise, was granted. While the matter of re- 
 vision of the Hymn Book was being deferred by the 
 Conference, the Missionary Committee was permit- 
 ted " to publish a small book for its use in mission 
 work." 
 
 The report for 1886 and '87 shows the missions in 
 Denmark and Sweden doing well, there being 39 
 
 accessions during the year. On the 
 jg_^ home base, work had been carried on 
 
 in Texas, Dakota, Tennessee, Mis- 
 souri, and Kansas. The sum of $650 was appropriat- 
 ed to six different Districts, to help in District Mis- 
 sions. Assistance was rendered to help in building 
 six meetinghouses, and 147 accesions were report- 
 six meetinghouses, and 147 accessions were report- 
 ed there stands one item of special interest, — Sis- 
 ters' Mission, $258.66. Following the inspiration of 
 
 106
 
 Organized Effort 
 
 the public meeting in 1885, the sisters began to form 
 a separate organization for the purpose of raising 
 missionary money. In 1886, Art. 4, Conference de- 
 cided not to have "Sisters' Missionary Bands," and 
 the amount, here turned over, was the end of a short 
 and hopeful effort on the part of the sisters of the 
 church. 
 
 The Committee pleads strongly, in its report, for 
 its " one cent per week per member plan," saying 
 that it would bring $35,000 for its use, greatly need- 
 ed, too, and " no one burdened," but so far it had 
 not been received. 
 
 During the fiscal year, ending April, 1888, the in- 
 teresting fact developed that already $29,707.50 en- 
 dowment had been received, though 
 Incorporation permission to solicit was not yet one 
 year old. It was found that, in order 
 to invest and handle this fund, it was needful to in- 
 corporate. Conference granted this and the Board 
 incorporated " not for pecuniary profit " under the 
 laws of the State of Illinois. 
 
 The Committee having the right to 
 
 Loans on • . • i -ij- .• i 
 
 ,, . . assist m buildmg meetm8:houses, 
 
 Meetinghouses . , , , , ° 
 
 either by loan or donation, or both, 
 
 decided on the following rules governing loans : 
 
 1. Money will not be loaned on a house costing over 
 $1,000. 
 
 2. The rate of interest will be five per cent per annum, 
 paid annually, and the loan will be secured by a lien on 
 the house. 
 
 3. In no case will the sum loaned exceed $300 on one 
 house. 
 
 107
 
 Missions in. Church of the Brethren 
 
 In reviewing the last four years, since its organ- 
 ization, the Committee was pleased to 
 LaltTour announce that "nearly $15,000 has 
 
 Years been received and expended for mis- 
 
 sion and church erection work and 
 the following accomplished: Churches organized, six- 
 teen; houses provided for, seventeen; number re- 
 ceived by baptism, 362." 
 
 Growth was more rapid for the year ending April, 
 1889, for the total receipts were increased $1,403.79, 
 — an increase of 287o over the preced- 
 fssT^^'" ing year. There were 158 members 
 
 received by baptism, and two congre- 
 gations were organized. The Committee was em- 
 barrassed, however, because of its inability to secure 
 workers, and this in spite of the two calls preceding 
 and herein recorded. It made an appeal for help. 
 The appeal and suggestions were placed in the 
 hands of Committee, to report to the next Annual 
 Meeting. 
 
 At the Conference of 1889, by the re- 
 Canada quest of Southern Ohio, the Canada 
 field was placed under the care of the 
 General Mission Board. 
 
 While the Committee was in session April 8, 1890, 
 
 Sister Cassie Beery, now Van Dyke, of Chicago, 
 
 came before the Board and asked ad- 
 
 ^l"^^u r^t vice about going as a missionary 
 Thought Of , * r^. 1 1 A 
 
 teacher to Africa under the American 
 
 Baptist Board. How deeply were touched all those 
 
 present, when it was found out that one in the 
 
 Brotherhood was thinking enough of the swarthy 
 
 108
 
 Organized Effort 
 
 people in far-away Africa, seriously to consider go- 
 ing to them, was manifest by many tears on 
 the part of her listeners, as Sister Beery told, in 
 simple terms, the needs of the " Dark Continent " 
 and her opportunity. A friend was organizing a 
 party to work in Africa under the American Baptist 
 Board. And while the Committee wished her God- 
 speed, and promised her any assistance within its 
 power, if she went, she was not accepted because not 
 a member of the American Baptist church. After 
 her marriage to Dr. Van Dyke, they together offered 
 to go to Africa, but as this field was not being con- 
 sidered by the Committee, they were not sent. 
 
 At the Conference of 1890 a report was adopted, 
 
 " securing suitable brethren for missionary work." 
 
 Being the last decision on the subject, 
 
 _,. . . it is in force at present. It is to be re- 
 
 Missionaries ^ 
 
 gretted, however, that so few of the 
 congregations interest themselves in providing men 
 for the needy fields, as to hold elections as herein 
 provided. The report is as follows : 
 
 1. Let churches, having brethren possessing the neces- 
 sary qualifications, from time to time hold elections to in- 
 crease our ministry with the view of meeting the growing 
 demand for preaching the Gospel, both at home and in all 
 the varied localities of the missionary field of the world. 
 And let all ministers, when elected, be advised and urged 
 to hold themselves in readiness, as much as possible, to be 
 used by the church wherever they may be needed. 
 
 2. Let the General Mission Board, as often as they deem 
 it necessary, publish the following qualifications neces- 
 sary for missionaries: 
 
 109
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 (a) He must be sound in the faith. 
 
 (b) He must be able to submit himself wholly under the 
 control and advice of the Mission Board under whose di- 
 rection he labors. 
 
 (c) He must be able and willing to teach and defend the 
 principles of the Gospel and the doctrine and peculiarities 
 of the church, as defined and applied by Annual Meeting, 
 and must manifest the same in his conversation, life and 
 character. 
 
 (d) If married, he must have a companion who is to 
 him a true helpmeet, possessing, so far as may be, similar 
 qualifications, and who is ever ready and willing to help 
 him in every possible way to carry forward the Lord's 
 work. 
 
 3. Let the several District Meetings each appoint three 
 of their well-established elders, who are known to be fa- 
 vorable to the missionary work of the church, whose duty 
 it shall be to report to the General Mission Board the 
 names of such ministers in their respective State Districts 
 who possess the proper qualifications, and who have 
 proved themselves faithful to the church and efficient 
 workers, and who are willing to be located by, and work 
 under the direction of the District and General Commit- 
 tee. And the above item, if adopted, shall repeal Art. 21 
 of the Minutes of Annual Meeting of 1886. 
 
 4. Let the General Committee give the regular mission- 
 aries to understand that they will be furnished with steady 
 employment as long as they prove to be the right men in 
 the right place, and that, while thus employed, they shall 
 be sustained temporally. 
 
 Once that Conference took hold of missions and 
 
 saw its blessed results, it carefully guarded the 
 
 work afterwards. This is seen in the 
 
 mssimfs ^^^^°" °^ ^^^^' r^^^*^"§" to a query 
 
 protesting- against paying salaries to 
 
 ministers, etc. The answer, while granting the re- 
 quest, says, " But this shall not be so construed as 
 
 110
 
 Organized Effort 
 
 to prohibit Mission Boards or churches from giving 
 proper support to those laboring under their in- 
 structions " (Art. 17, 1890). 
 
 The Committee realized the need of Traveling 
 Secretaries " whose duty it shall be to preach mis- 
 sionary sermons, solicit bequests, en- 
 
 -, ^ . dowments and donations," and to 
 
 Secretanes , , , , . 
 
 help develop its now rapidly-growmg 
 
 work. Conference granted the privilege of appoint- 
 ing such (Art. 26, 1891). Under this provision Sam- 
 uel Riddlesberger, Daniel Vaniman, I. D. Parker 
 and later S. N. McCann did very successful work, 
 the first increasing the endowment about $50,000 
 and each of the others about $100,000 or more. 
 
 The younger members of the church began to 
 
 take hold of missions and with enthusiastic hearts 
 
 and outreaching hands they looked 
 
 ^ ., J towards the farthest ends of the earth. 
 Considered _, . , ^ , 
 
 Thus it was that, on October 1, 1892, 
 
 the Committee had before it a proposition to open 
 
 a mission in India for the first time. The story of 
 
 the India Mission, however, is found in a chapter 
 
 elsewhere in this volume. 
 
 Closer touch with the fields established in Europe 
 
 prompted the Board to petition Conference and it 
 
 ,,. . ,,. so decided " to send an elder once 
 Visiting Mis- ^, j ^i ^ i • -e 
 
 sion Fields ^very three years and that his wife 
 
 should accompany him if possible " 
 (Art. 10, 1892), to visit the churches in Europe. 
 This action remained in force until 1901, when the 
 Committee asked to have the action amended so as 
 " to give the Committee authority to send an elder 
 
 111
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 and his wife to other foreign fields besides Den- 
 mark " (Art. 3, Miscellaneous, 1901). Under this 
 provision D. L. Miller and wife, at their own ex- 
 pense, visited the foreign fields, encouraged the 
 workers, and strengthened the home base. In 1912 
 the Committee thought it wise to have this decision 
 changed, so as " to send elders to visit the foreign 
 field when it is deemed necessary." 
 
 In 1890, at the Pertle Springs, Missouri, Confer- 
 ence, a missionary meeting was held, at the close 
 of which a public offering of $22-1 was lifted. Since 
 that time the missionary meeting has steadily 
 grown to be one of the most important meetings of 
 the annual gathering. At Meyersdale, Pennsyl- 
 vania, in 1891, the year the first missionaries were 
 sent to India, the offering at the missionary meet- 
 ing was $260.88. 
 
 In the fall of 1893 D. L. Miller and another broth- 
 er were appointed to get out a sample number of a 
 missionary paper, — a move in full ac- 
 ts 10 y cord with the plan provided by Con- 
 ference. Name, Brethren's Mission- 
 ary Visitor, published quarterly. It was an interest- 
 ing sheet for several reasons. It had no cover, the 
 pages were small, — sixteen in all, — but the sample 
 pleased the Committee and at the January, 1894, 
 meeting it was decided to publish the periodical at 
 the subscription price of 25 cents. It was also de- 
 cided " that the names of the contributors be print- 
 ed in connection with the articles, but that the ed- 
 itorials be under the Committee's name." A suffi- 
 cient number of the first issue were printed to mail 
 a copy to each reader of the Gospel Messenger. 
 
 112
 
 Organized Effort 
 
 In June, 1895, the Brethren Publishing Company, 
 yet held in private ownership, suggested the discon- 
 tinuance of the Missionary Visitor 
 ^Tn^ ^""d ^"^ kindly offered one page of the 
 Gospel Messenger for the Board's 
 use. The acceptance of this proposition was de- 
 ferred, and at the October meeting following the 
 Visitor was changed to a sixteen-page monithly. 
 During the year 1896, — the needed funds having 
 been donated, by which the Committee could pur- 
 chase and own the Brethren Publishing Company, 
 — the same passed into the possession of the church 
 under the supervision of the Committee, as provided 
 for under the plan from Conference. At the Sep- 
 tember meeting following, the Missionary Visitor 
 was discontinued with the current volume, and a 
 page in the Messenger used instead. This arrange- 
 ment continued until April 29, 1902, when the Com- 
 mittee decided " to start a thirty-two page monthly 
 at once, call it the Missionary Visitor, in which 
 columns the mission receipts should appear, and 
 that the Editor of the Gospel Messenger should 
 take charge of the missionary page of the Messen- 
 ger. 
 
 The monthly was revived with vigor, its visits 
 welcomed by many, and the following year the 
 
 Committee added to its pages, in the 
 The Dollar j^^^ issue, the Annual Report, thus 
 
 giving the latter a much larger circu- 
 lation than it would otherwise have had. Some 
 time after this it was decided to include the sub- 
 scription price in every dollar donated to the Board, 
 
 113
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 the magazine to go to the donor or some one he 
 should name. This very decidedly increased the cir- 
 culation as well as the mission receipts, but a num- 
 ber were receiving the paper who were not interest- 
 ed. Then it was thought best to discontinue the 
 dollar proposition and place the monthly on the reg- 
 ular subscription basis. This was done at the meet- 
 ing of May 1, 1907, and the effect was that with the 
 new year less than half the number of subscriptions 
 were received and that many expressions of regret 
 for the change came in. At the meeting of Febru- 
 ary 12, 1908, the Visitor was restored to the dollar 
 basis thus far: It was decided to consider the sub- 
 scription included in each donation of a dollar or 
 more to the general mission work of the Board. 
 This restored its circulation. 
 
 The editorial management of the Missionary Vis- 
 itor on April 10, 1912, passed into the efficient hands 
 
 of J. H. B. Williams, Assistant Sec- 
 its use- retary. The periodical is too well 
 
 known to need further commenda- 
 tion. It has been a factor in moulding sentiment in 
 favor of missions through the years thus far, to an 
 extent not measured by visible results, for it has 
 stood in advance of the rank and file of the Brother- 
 hood and in this manner has led and inspired. 
 
 For the first ten years of organized missionary 
 work, $66,076.30 was received by the Committee. 
 
 The first year, $3,407.37, and for the 
 
 Summary last one of the ten years, $9,873.39, 
 
 showing a threefold increase. It was 
 
 a day of beginnings for the Committee, — blessed 
 
 days, hopeful and growing ones. 
 
 114
 
 Organized Effort 
 
 The Foreign W-ork During This Period 
 
 During the years 1883 and '84 D. L. Miller and wife 
 made their first visit to the churches of Denmark and 
 Sweden and quickened in the Brotherhood, through 
 letters in the Gospel Messenger, a deep interest in the 
 self-sacrificing work that was done there. This was 
 the first of a number of visits they made to this field. 
 
 At the Board meeting July 7, 1885, consent 
 
 was given for Brother Hope to return to America, 
 
 but the Board instructed him 
 ope om g ^j^^^ . ft ^.|^ j^^j^ ^^ j^.^ have 
 
 toAmenca 
 
 charge and oversight of the mission 
 
 work in Denmark and Sweden, as the Board 
 feel they can not find any one to fill his place. They 
 also request him to get everything, pertaining to the 
 mission, in as good shape as possible before coming 
 away, and to see to the appointing of brethren, liv- 
 ing sufficiently near each other, so that they can 
 have frequent meetings, to take charge of and pay 
 out money as per Brother Hope's suggestion." Evi- 
 dently his coming home was reconsidered, for at the 
 next meeting, in October, Brother Hope was given 
 " his choice in the matter of coming to America or 
 remaining another year in Europe, the Board 
 preferring, however, to have him stay." At this 
 time Denmark had 95 members and Sweden 30. 
 Brother Hope and family arrived at Mount Morris, 
 Illinois, a short time before October 1, 1886. As a 
 token of appreciation for his self-sacrificing labors 
 in Europe, voluntary contributions from a grateful 
 Brotherhood, amounting to $3,000, were awaiting his 
 arrival. With this a home was bought near Hering- 
 
 115
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 ton, Kansas. He devoted himself, for the few follow- 
 ing years, to evangelistic labors among the Danes and 
 Swedes in Nebraska and Kansas. 
 
 C. Hansen had been placed in charge of the work 
 
 in Denmark, with headquarters at Hordum, in Thy. 
 
 John Olsson was located near Malmo, in charge of 
 
 the Swedish work. These brethren gave the cause 
 
 their best endeavors and it moved for- 
 
 Lim amn ward with considerable encouragement. 
 
 House _, , ^^ , , , ° 
 
 Brother Hope had made a part pay- 
 ment on a lot in Limhamn for a meetinghouse site, 
 and in 1888 a house* was ordered to be built there. 
 The church in Denmark and Sweden met some 
 difficult problems, of which the following is one: 
 
 " Is it right to send our children to 
 Difficult the State church, when they are 
 
 Problems taught a strange and false doctrine? 
 
 If not right, what shall we do when 
 both Danish and Swedish laws compel us to give 
 them as much scholastic science as they receive in 
 our state schools? We are poor and can not open 
 schools of our own." Conference referred this 
 query to the Board and it answered as follows: 
 " We recommend that the children be allowed to at- 
 tend the state schools and that our brethren request 
 of the proper authorities that they do not teach 
 them the state religion. If they insist on teaching 
 said religion, then keep their children at home and 
 let the parents teach them as best they can, suffer- 
 ing, if necessary, for the truth's sake." 
 
 In the summer of 1891 Brother Hope accompa- 
 
 ♦See Illustration. 
 
 116
 
 Organized Effort 
 
 nied Brother and Sister D. L. Miller to Denmark 
 and Sweden, where he remained and 
 Europe worked till January, 1892. At the 
 
 ^^°^^ January, 1892, Board meeting $1,000 
 
 was appropriated for a meetinghouse at Van- 
 naberga, Sweden. Sister Miller had the privi- 
 lege of laying the cornerstone while they were in 
 that country. 
 
 In 1894, Denmark had three congregations with 
 88 members ; Sweden had four congregations with 
 99 members. In the last ten years 
 Summary ninety were baptized in Denmark, 
 
 and 159 in Sweden. The depletion of 
 the membership has resulted mainly thru emigra- 
 tion to America, — a very difficult problem confront- 
 ing the Board. 
 
 117
 
 Habor^rB Sog^^r Uttlj (^oh 
 
 1 Cor. 12: 6 
 John 6: 28 
 Philpp, 2: 12 
 
 1 Sam. 14: 6 
 Mark 16: 20 
 Col. 1: 29 
 
 2 Cor. 5: 20 
 
 Titus 1: 9, 
 Luke 21 : 14 
 
 1 Cor. 15: 10 
 
 / Cor. J : g 
 
 There are diversities of operations, but 
 it is the same God which worlieth all in all. 
 
 What shall we do, that we might work 
 the works of God? . . . This is the work of 
 God, that ye believe on him whom he hath 
 sent. — Work out your own salvation with 
 fear and trembling: for it is God which 
 worketh in you both to will and to do of 
 his good pleasure. — It may be that the Lord 
 will work with us. 
 
 And they went forth, and preached 
 everywhere, the Lord working with them, 
 confirming the word with signs following. 
 — Whereunto I also labor, striving accord- 
 ing to his working, which worketh in me 
 mightily. 
 
 Now then we are ambassadors for 
 Christ, as though God did beseech you by 
 us: we pray you in Christ's stead, be ye 
 reconciled to God. — Able by sound doctrine 
 both to exhort and to convince the gain- 
 sayers. — Settle it therefore in your hearts, 
 not to meditate before what ye shall an- 
 swer; for I will give you a mouth and wis- 
 dom, which all your adversaries shall not 
 be able to gainsay nor resist. 
 
 By the grace of God I am what I am: and 
 his grace which was bestowed upon me 
 v/as not in vain; but I labored more abun- 
 dantly than they all: yet not I, but the 
 grace of God which was with me. 
 
 118
 
 VI. 
 
 Cract Di$ttilJUtion a0 a Separate 
 dBnDeatoor 
 
 BOOKS are like bombshells, — they can be 
 thrown over walls whose gates are closed," 
 said a certain writer before 1875, as quoted 
 by J. H. Moore in an announcement made on the 
 fourth page of the cover of "Trine Immersion Traced 
 to the Apostles," a splendid pamphlet prepared by 
 him in 1872, when but twenty-six years old. 
 
 In those days there was tract distribution, — that 
 
 is, any one who felt like doing so, could write and 
 
 publish a tract. The church had not 
 
 eac ing ^^ ^^ ^j^^ protection of an examin- 
 
 Not Guarded : ^ . ^ , , . . 
 
 mg committee about this avenue of 
 
 dissemination of the Gospel, and a few writers, — 
 notably W. C. Thurman, a prolific one, — sent forth 
 teachings that, in the mind of the general member- 
 ship, were full of error. Conference was not un- 
 mindful of this condition of affairs, and readily rec- 
 ognized the " strong demand for tracts," properly 
 approved, but seemed helpless, at the time, to pro- 
 vide the protection as is seen in the following: 
 
 Inasmuch as there exists a strong demand for tracts, 
 advocating the faith and practice of the Brethren, we ear- 
 nestly recommend a more united effort to carry forward 
 this work, and facilitate the publication and circulation 
 
 119
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 of works of this character, subject, before publication, to 
 the examination and approval of well-established breth- 
 ren; therefore we earnestly recommend that the Brethren 
 give this matter an earnest and prayerful consideration. 
 
 Answer: Approved by order of the District Meeting, 
 and confirmed by this Annual Meeting. — Art. 29, 1875, p. 
 328, Annual Meeting Minutes. 
 
 On the other hand, writers who were in sympa- 
 thy with the views, held by the Brotherhood, put 
 
 their talent and means into pro- 
 °"" "■ ^ ducing and sending forth good, 
 
 sound, doctrinal tracts, some of which 
 showed careful and exhaustive research, and these 
 were extensively and effectively used, especially in 
 new fields. As an instance of a good list in circu- 
 lation in 1875, note the following, which were pub- 
 hshed by J. H. Moore, then at Urbana, Illinois : 
 
 Trine Immersion Traced to the Apostles, J. H. Moore, 
 25 cents; 5 copies, $1.10. 
 
 Origin of Single Immersion, J. Quinter, 2 copies, 10 
 cents. 
 
 The Perfect Plan of Salvation; or Safe Ground, J. H. 
 Moore, 15 cents; 10 copies, $1.00. 
 
 Campbellism Weighed in the Balances and Found Want- 
 ing, J. H. Moore, 2 copies, 10 cents. 
 
 Why I Left the Baptist Church, J. W. Stein, 3 copies, 
 10 cents. 
 
 One Faith Vindicated, M. M. Eshelman, 15 cents. 
 
 One Baptism, J. H. Moore, IS cents; 10 copies, $1.00. 
 
 True Evangelical Obedience, J. W. Stein, 20 cents. 
 
 Judging from the titles in the above list, the de- 
 mand was for tracts defending the doctrines and 
 practices of the Church of the Brethren, in distinc- 
 
 120
 
 Separate Endeavor 
 
 tion from other denominations, rather than calHng 
 on men to repent because God loves them. Yet one 
 dare not conclude that the message of love was 
 omitted even if it did not appear in tract form. The 
 very sacrifices the ministry made, in bearing the 
 Gospel, were usually proof enough to the sinner 
 that God loved him while, at the same time, he 
 heard good, sound doctrine, based upon plain gos- 
 pel teaching. 
 
 Some time in 1876 a Tract Association was 
 
 formed, with headquarters at Lanark, 
 A Tract • • . 
 
 . . . Illinois, because in the Brethren at 
 
 Association ^,- , ' ^ ^r.^^ 
 
 Work, January 1, 1877, the Asocia- 
 
 tion made the following report of money received : 
 
 Lemuel Hillery, $ .25 
 
 Jas. R. Gish, 10.00 
 
 Coventry Church, Pa., 2.60 
 
 John Y. Snavely, 5.00 
 
 Simon Muntz, .25 
 
 Noah Blough, 3.00 
 
 James Wirt 25 
 
 John K. dinger 1.00 
 
 C. C. Root 1.15 
 
 Previously reported, 321.75 
 
 Total, $345.25 
 
 In January 2, 1879, of the same publication, M. 
 M. Eshelman, secretary of " The Gospel Tract As- 
 sociation," in making his report says: " It is now a 
 little more than two years since the organization of 
 the Gospel Tract Association, which fills an im- 
 portant position in sounding out the Gospel to those 
 unacquainted with the faith and practice of the 
 
 121
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 Brethren." A report is made, perhaps covering the 
 preceding year, tho not so stated, after this man- 
 ner: 
 
 Printing fund, $301.30 
 
 Distributing fund, 134.20 
 
 Amount contributed for pamphlets,... 48.17 
 
 Amount now appropriated, 40.00 
 
 Balance of distribution fund on hand, . 46.03 
 
 He states that all donations of $5 and over go 
 into the printing fund while all under that amount 
 are used in the distributing fund. In the same issue 
 appears an announcement of pamphlets for free dis- 
 tribution " not among the members of the church, 
 but in waste places." 
 
 Up to September 8, 1879, there is no hint of a 
 
 .^ , , Board of Directors, or persons re- 
 
 Board of 1,1 J- ^1 • . , T-, 
 
 Directors Sponsible for this tract work. But at 
 
 that date this heading appears in one 
 of the periodicals: 
 
 THE BRETHREN AT WORK, 
 Edited and Published Weekly 
 By Eshelman and Harrison, 
 General Agents for 
 The Brethren at Work and Tract Society. 
 Enoch Eby, Lena, Illinois; J. S. Flory, Longmont, Colo- 
 rado; S. T. Bosserman, Dunkirk, Ohio. 
 
 Nothing is said as to the character of the organ- 
 ization or what relation the brethren named sustain 
 
 . _,, _ to it, but in a few weeks J. S. Flory 
 
 A Plan Com- ., i- , , .<t^. 
 
 mended writes, commending the plan : "First, 
 
 because all have an opportunity to 
 
 work together, and each donor can manage the dis- 
 
 122
 
 Sq>arate Endeavor 
 
 tribution of the amount of tracts he is entitled to. 
 Second, every donor becomes a colporteur and thus 
 the tracts will be distributed from many points. 
 Third, the donations never become exhausted." As 
 the months go by such names as the following are 
 added to the list in the above announcement: Dan- 
 iel Vaniman, D. B. Gibson, Joseph Hendricks, John 
 Metzger. 
 
 In its report in 1882, the Foreign and Domestic 
 
 Mission Board has one item of expenditure for tracts, 
 
 showing that some were being used 
 
 of Activity ^^ *^^^ organization, but who wrote 
 
 them and how many were used, is not 
 intimated. This gives some idea of the activity 
 there was in publishing and distributing tracts, as 
 conducted with more or less vigor up to 1885, when 
 the Brethren's Book and Tract Work was formed. 
 During the period just covered there seems to have 
 been no basis available on which to estimate the 
 amount done. 
 
 There was no dissenting voice when there came 
 before the Annual Meeting of 1885 a query to pro- 
 vide for a Brethren's Book and Tract 
 
 The Plan of c • i. • j vu n 
 
 . Society, accompanied with a well-ma- 
 
 tured plan,* prepared by Enoch Eby, 
 David E. Price, Joseph Amick, S. Z. Sharp and D. 
 M. Miller, a committee of able bishops appointed by 
 
 ♦statements made above are based on the Annual Report for 
 1885 Conference, page 37 ff. D. L. Miller, writing from mem- 
 ory on June 11, 1913, says, "Daniel Vaniman wrote the Tract 
 Plan as it passed Annual Meeting, with one or two minor 
 amendments. It may have been this way, since I have read 
 the report: The Committee appointed asked Brother Vani- 
 man to meet with it, for he was there and I was there. We 
 met in the Gospel Messenger office, in Mt. Morris. Brother 
 Vaniman should have credit for preparing the plan." 
 
 123
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 the District Meeting of Northern Illinois and Wis- 
 consin. The District of Southern Illinois was there 
 also, with a similar query but no plan. The discus- 
 sion brought out nothing save concern that no tract 
 save those, carefully examined from a doctrinal 
 standpoint, should be circulated. The plan is as 
 follows : 
 
 Art. 1. — This Committee shall be called the Brethren's 
 Book and Tract Committee; and shall have for its ob- 
 ject the dissemination of the principles of the Gospel of 
 Christ, through the distribution of tracts and other pub- 
 lications, both in this and foreign countries; in families, in 
 cities, towns, and country; in cars, depots and reading 
 rooms; on board of outgoing and incoming vessels; in 
 short, everywhere as means for publication and facilities 
 for judicious dissemination can be secured. 
 
 Art. 2. — The Standing Committee of Annual Meeting 
 shall nominate and Annual Meeting approve and perpetu- 
 ate, an Executive Committee of six members, living suffi- 
 ciently near each other for frequent consultation: to serve 
 for a term of three years, except the members first ap- 
 pointed, two of whom shall serve one year, two, two years, 
 and two, three years. Said Committee shall select its own 
 officers, make its own by-laws, procure and distribute 
 tracts, and other publications upon best available 
 methods; fill all incidental vacancies occurring in the 
 Committee; inform Standing Committee each year whose 
 time has expired, and make an annual report of its work, 
 including receipts and expenditures, with all necessary 
 suggestions to Annual Meeting through Standing Com- 
 mittee, which shall inspect, or cause said report to be 
 carefully inspected. 
 
 Art 3. — The fund of the Committee shall consist of be- 
 quests, free-will offerings, money received on life interests 
 and from sale of publications. 
 
 Art. 4. — In order to promote the object of the Commit- 
 tee, each church in the Brotherhood is hereby requested 
 
 124
 
 Separate Endeavor 
 
 to appoint one or more home agents to solicit aid, and as- 
 sist in distributing the publications of the Committee. 
 The home agent shall forward the means to the Treasurer 
 as collected; fill out blanks furnished, and present them 
 quarterly to the church for approval and then to the Cor- 
 responding Secretary of the Committee. 
 
 Art. 5. — Each church shall be entitled to draw any of 
 the publications of the Committee thru her home agents, 
 equal in value to half the sum paid during the year. All 
 claims for publications not presented during the year shall 
 expire May 1 of each year. 
 
 Art. 6. — Any person, pajdng at one time twenty or more 
 dollars to promote the object of the Committee, shall be 
 entitled to draw annually from the Committee, a printed 
 report of its work, and any other of its publications to the 
 value of one dollar for each twenty dollars paid. 
 
 Art. 7. — The Standing Committee shall nominate, and 
 the Annual Meeting confirm, a committee of five faithful 
 and well-informed brethren whose duty it will be to ex- 
 amine and approve all works to be published and distrib- 
 uted by the Committee. 
 
 The six members for the Executive Committee 
 appointed as provided for in this plan, were as fol- 
 lows: S. D. Royer and S. W. Hoover, 
 
 three years; Adam Minnick and B. F. 
 nuttees t* t • n 
 
 Miller, two years ; Jacob Hepner and 
 
 Samuel Bock, one year. 
 
 The Examining Committee named was Enoch Eby, 
 R. H. Miller, Landon West, B. F. Moomaw and S. 
 S. Mohler. 
 
 August 4, 1885, the Executive Committee met in 
 the Salem Church, Montgomery County, Ohio, and 
 completed the following organization : S. W. Hoov- 
 er, Foreman; J. A. Hepner, Treasurer; Samuel 
 Bock, Secretary. They framed and adopted by- 
 laws, very simple and adequate for their needs. The 
 
 125
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 most important item in them is, that the Committee 
 would meet quarterly on the first Tuesday of Au- 
 gust, November, February and May, beginning the 
 session at 10 A. M. On August 13 the Committee 
 met in S. W. Hoover's home, near Dayton, Ohio, 
 a place where many Brethren, thru the years, used 
 to gather. Three thousand copies of a small pam- 
 phlet, setting forth the Constitution 
 
 An Address r r^ r -n i r\ j\ t 
 
 from Conference, By-laws, Order of 
 to Members ^ j ^ 
 
 Business and an "Address to the Eld- 
 ers, Ministers and Members of the Brotherhood," 
 were ordered printed and distributed. The address 
 is worthy of place in this record and is as follows : 
 
 Dear Brethren and Sisters: 
 
 We, your committee for the publication of Books and 
 Tracts, send greeting, with a statement of the objects and 
 work now before us. 
 
 And now, having begun our part of the work, and seeing 
 that the field of labor assigned us by the Brethren, and 
 to all of us by the Master, is so very great, we ask the 
 assistance of all, that the efforts may be a success. 
 
 Knowing that we, as a body, possess all the classes 
 needed for the work, — have those who are competent and 
 willing to write of the faith and work of Jesus, those, too, 
 who are able and willing to bear the cost of putting it 
 forth, and those also who are anxious and waiting to 
 carry it to the world, it is proposed by the act of the late 
 Annual Meeting, at Mexico, Pennsylvania, to bring all 
 these helps together into active service. 
 
 The object of this work is to bring before the world, 
 at small cost, the Gospel of Jesus Christ with all its pecul- 
 iarities. We name here the more prominent ones, that 
 all may see the class of matter to be sent forth: 
 
 Preaching the Gospel of Christ. 
 
 Repentance from Dead Works. 
 
 126
 
 Separate Endeavor 
 
 Faith Toward God. 
 
 Baptism by Trine Immersion, and for the Remission of 
 Sins. 
 
 The Laying on of Hands. 
 
 The Office and Gift of the Holy Spirit. 
 
 The Rite of Washing One Another's Feet. 
 
 The Lord's Supper. 
 
 The Communion of the Body and Blood of Christ. 
 
 The Salutation of the Holy Kiss. 
 
 The Doctrines of Peace and Holiness. 
 
 Nonconformity to the World in Its Various Sinful Cus- 
 toms, etc. 
 
 Anointing the Sick and, in Fact, All the Doctrines, Com- 
 mandments and Promises of the New Testament. 
 
 Feeling that each brother and sister can do a part, we 
 ask, yea, we would urge it, that each of the churches in 
 the Brotherhood, will, without delay, appoint a home 
 agent (see Minutes of A. M., 1885, No. 7, Art. 4) to solicit 
 aid for this work. 
 
 Trusting, too, that all members will feel it a duty to 
 comply with the request of Annual Meeting and, above all, 
 with the command of Jesus, therefore, we, your commit- 
 tee, in view of all these things, would now appeal to each 
 one and to all, to aid in the work in whatever way they 
 can. 
 
 Let those who will and can give, to aid the work, do so 
 — and all can give something — feeling assured that their 
 gift will be used for the Master's Name. 
 
 Let those who can distribute the publications of the 
 committee to the world, come into the work and help. 
 Let each one feel that he can and will do a part to aid 
 the coming of that kingdom over which Jesus will reign 
 and which at last is to fill the world. 
 
 As a result of this publicity, as well 
 
 T, , ,. .^ as what was said thru the columns of 
 
 Publicity 
 
 the Gospel Messenger, the Work re- 
 ceived funds as follows: 
 
 127
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 From churches, $176.18 
 
 From individuals 23.40 
 
 From individuals not members 165.50 $365.08 
 
 It would appear that the Examining Commit- 
 tee did not meet the first year and so there was no 
 money expended for publishing tracts. The follow- 
 ing expenditures were made : 
 
 Publication of pamphlets, stationery, postage, etc.,.$ 75.58 
 Balance on hand, 289.50 
 
 The Report made to Annual Meeting for 1887 
 showed decided activity on the part of the Com- 
 mittee. S. D. Royer, a member of the 
 Executive Committee as long as the 
 organization continued, recalls this: 
 " D. Vaniman gave us the first tract, ' The House 
 We Live In,' " " Golden Gleams," a series of scrip- 
 ture selections on different subjects, printed in large 
 type on large sheets and bound together, suitable 
 to hang on the wall of a home, was issued and 
 found a ready sale at 75 cents each. Of this 750 
 copies were sold the first year. D. L. Miller's " Eu- 
 rope and Bible Lands," Quinter's "Trine Im- 
 mersion," " Classified Minutes of the Annual Meet- 
 ing," " Close Communion," by Landon West, were 
 among the books advertised at the close of the sec- 
 ond fiscal year. In addition they were also pre- 
 pared for the following: 
 
 Pamphlets 
 
 Path of Life. 
 
 Sermon on Baptism. 
 
 Glad Tidings of Salvation. 
 
 Life of Eld, Samuel Weir (colored), 
 
 128
 
 Separate Endeavor 
 
 Tracts 
 
 The House We Live In, in English, Swedish and Dan- 
 ish languages. 
 Plan of Salvation. 
 Turn to the Right. 
 Come Let Us Reason Together. 
 Paul Wetzel's Reasons, etc., in German. 
 
 One-page Leaflets 
 
 Saving Words. 
 
 Right and Wrong Way, 
 
 Pause and Think. 
 
 What Do We Need? 
 
 Why Am I Not a Christian? 
 
 Evils of Intemperance. 
 
 Lost Opportunities. 
 
 Kiss of Charity. 
 
 Christ and War. 
 
 The Bond of Peace. 
 
 Are You a Christian? 
 
 The Brethren's Card. 
 
 The publications sold and distributed are as fol- 
 lows : 
 
 Golden Gleams, 750 
 
 Tracts, books. Messengers and Briiderbote, 43,850 
 
 Total, 44,600 
 
 The number of publications they had bought and 
 printed is stated thus: 
 
 English 
 
 Golden Gleams, 1,000 copies 
 
 Books and pamphlets, 1,600 copies 
 
 Gospel Messengers, Missionary Number,... 5,000 copies 
 Tracts, 59,000 copies 
 
 129
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 German 
 
 Der Bruderbote, Missionary Number, 1,000 copies 
 
 Tracts 2,000 copies 
 
 Swedish 
 Tracts, 13,000 copies 
 
 Danish 
 Tracts 6,000 copies 
 
 Total 88,600 copies 
 
 The financial statement for the year ending May, 
 1887, shows as follows : 
 
 Balance from preceding year, $ 289.50 
 
 Donations from churches, $481.63 
 
 Donations from individuals, 58.80 
 
 Cash memberships, 40.00 
 
 Sale of tracts, 44.05 
 
 Sale of Gleams, 272.00 
 
 Sale of books, 77.17 $ 973.65 
 
 Outstanding accounts, 220.64 
 
 $1,483.79 
 
 Expense 
 
 Printing bills and books, $743.24 
 
 R. R, fare, freight, stamps and sundries,. 116.15 
 
 $859.39 
 
 Outstanding accounts, $220.64 
 
 Cash on hand, 403.76 $624.40 $1,483.79 
 
 Endowment, $3,200.00 
 
 The above amount of endowment was in re- 
 sponse to an appeal for a permanent endowment of 
 which the following is a part: 
 
 130
 
 Separate Endeavor 
 
 To make the work and its mission effectual, the ex- 
 penses will, of necessity, be constantly enlarged, as the 
 demand for publications is increased, and to the extent 
 that it can not be expected that the sums alone, obtained 
 each year, as donations from churches and individuals, 
 will for any certain length of time be sufficient to support 
 the work, and meet fully its requirements, as indicated by 
 the present rate of increase. 
 
 To meet this want both the practicability and desirabil- 
 ity of a " permanent fund " was suggested as the basis 
 from which to draw an annual income called the " en- 
 dowment fund," the utility and benefits of which this tract 
 is more particularly intended to show, and the support 
 that a sum of money, or its equivalent, will give an insti- 
 tution, when it has been permanently appropriated. 
 
 The person bestowing or settling an endowment on the 
 Brethren's Book and Tract Work, becomes an endower 
 and benefactor to the cause of Christianity, and the 
 " Work " draws support therefrom for all time to come. 
 
 A sum of money or its equivalent, so placed, is under 
 the control of the Executive Committee, which is perpet- 
 uated by Annual Meeting, and can never be expended, but 
 becomes a source of permanent support, the revenue or 
 income from which only is to be expended in the publica- 
 tion and distribution of books, tracts, etc., of the German 
 Baptist Brethren Church, as provided by the constitution 
 of the work. 
 
 Twenty dollars constitutes one life membership and en- 
 titles the person to draw annually, during his or her nat- 
 ural life, one dollar's worth of books and tracts, and such 
 sum is at once placed to the endowment fund and put out 
 on interest. 
 
 An endowment note given for twenty or more dollars, 
 bearing interest at the rate of six per cent, same payable 
 annually and becoming due and payable in any given num- 
 ber of years or at death, also entitles the person to draw 
 annually one dollar's worth of publications for each twen- 
 ty dollars of such obligation. 
 
 A person settling a legacy on the work by giving a be- 
 
 131
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 quest note, becoming due at death, but without interest, 
 also becomes an endower, but is not entitled to draw any 
 publications, for the reason that it does not derive any 
 benefit therefrom until after the decease of the person and 
 the money is paid. 
 
 A certificate, showing the sum contributed by the indi- 
 vidual, whether in cash or by endowment note, is sent to 
 each endower upon receipt of same, and which becomes 
 his or her order upon which to draw annually publications 
 as above stated. 
 
 The Tract Work is an institution and creature of the 
 church, and, as such, its auxiliary and help for the exten- 
 sion of its doctrine; and, like all other missions of the 
 church to promote the cause of Christ and his kingdom, 
 to save souls, it is entitled to receive both moral and finan- 
 cial support from its members. 
 
 To look at the matter in none other than a purely busi- 
 ness light, it will become manifest that this permanent 
 fund secures to the work an air of independence by pro- 
 viding a perpetual income, to be secured in no other way, 
 and will, we believe, within the brief period of a few 
 years, in a great measure, obviate the necessity of making 
 so many and repeated calls on the church for aid. 
 
 This particular feature alone will give it favor with our 
 brethren and sisters, and all well-disposed persons, and 
 which, too, is in perfect harmony with the gospel instruc- 
 tions of free-will offering as the Lord has prospered. 
 Printed blanks sent upon application. 
 
 It seemed good to the Executive Committee to 
 employ special tract distributers, who went from 
 
 home to home in city after city where 
 Tract Dis- there was no Church of the Brethren 
 
 and left tracts wherever they would 
 be received. In this manner the number of tracts 
 sent out by the Committee grew very large. It also 
 took time for a distributer to go over a city in this 
 way, and usually the worker sought to organize a 
 
 132
 
 Separate Endeavor 
 
 Sunday-school, and arrange for preaching. In some 
 instances this resulted indirectly in the organization 
 of a congregation. The Reading congregation in 
 the Eastern District of Pennsylvania is an instance in 
 hand.* No doubt there are other places, similiarly 
 started, could the thread of influence be followed as the 
 Father in heaven knows it. On the other hand, when 
 the work of a distributer was not followed up by 
 suitable preaching and pastoral care, — as it was not, 
 in a numiber of instances, — as far as human eye can 
 trace, all was lost. Among those who were active 
 and successful tract distributers, giving their entire 
 time to the work, should be named Ella Rafifensber- 
 ger Webster, Martha Click Senger and Eliza J. 
 ^.IcGachey. J. M. Neff, L. H. Eby, Daniel Shively, 
 J. B. Priser and Jas. Quinlan, besides many others 
 gave part time and distributed many tracts. 
 
 In 1892 the Tract Work issued, in bound form, a 
 
 complete set of tracts and pamphlets, 
 
 Bound Volume u- i, x j j i • ^^u r 
 
 ,-, which found a ready sale m the few 
 
 years that followed ; but as the new 
 
 tracts were published in a different-size page later, 
 
 no new edition was published. 
 
 •In writing of this congregation David Kilhefner, of Ephra- 
 ta, Pennsylvania, under date of May 6, 1913, says: "She (Ella 
 Raffensberger Webster) left here for Reading where, at the 
 time, lived only five members, with no services of any liind. 
 She went to worlc distributing tracts and worlced hard, and 
 soon had a Sunday-school organized. They met in an old va- 
 cated meat store. With some opposition and untiring effort 
 she succeeded in having the brethren come in and organize a 
 church. The Mission Board (District) then employed her to 
 distribute tracts and do mission worlc for some time with 
 good success. .... I know she did a noble work in Read- 
 ing, in making the doctrine of the Brethren known in that 
 City by distributing tracts from house to house." 
 
 133
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 A summary through the years, tab- 
 
 umiMry or elated as far as possible, may be of 
 
 interest and worth preserving. In the 
 
 following table, endowment in any form and " cash 
 
 memberships," are not included. 
 
 CASH. Bibles, Books, 
 
 Received. Expended, Gleams. Tracts. 
 
 1886, $ 365.08 $ 75.58 
 
 1887, 953.65 859.39 750 43,850 
 
 1888, 1,678.12 1,655.73 1,002 99,550 
 
 1889, 2,157.98 1,757.49 998 120,150 
 
 1890, 2,598.05 2,215.93 991 220,620 
 
 1891, 2,611.19 3,170.94 808 222,700 
 
 1892, 4,925.41 3,220.57 1,282 432,308 
 
 1893, 4,174.04 4,594.59 *1,000 *400,000 
 
 1894, 4,010.55 3,668.20 *l,0OO *375,000 
 
 Total, ...$23,474.07 $21,218.42 7,831 1,914,178 
 
 Besides the above, an endowment fund in the 
 form of cash and pledges had been gathered, 
 amounting to $64,884.93. Not all of the pledges 
 have been paid, however. The actual cash endow- 
 ment, at the close of the fiscal year of 1894, was 
 $9,120.00. 
 
 The Report for 1893 further states that " upon 
 the whole the work presents many encouraging fea- 
 tures. Missionaries have been employed in a lim- 
 ited way, who have made house-to-house visits in 
 towns and cities and country, distributing tracts 
 and offering Gleams and books, and talking up the 
 interests of the good cause with encouraging re- 
 sults. This branch of the work is practically un- 
 
 *Estimated, because in Report for 1893 appears the general 
 statement that " the number of publications sent out the past 
 year is somewhat less than the year before." 
 
 134
 
 Separate Endeavor 
 
 limited in its application and should be greatly en- 
 couraged both at home and abroad." 
 
 The Tract Examining Committee had no small 
 task before it, in 1886, when they met to pass on 
 the work in hand. In the first place 
 Tract ^ |-j^g church has always prided herself 
 
 Examining , . , ^i tvt 
 
 ^ , on havmg no creed save the New 
 
 Testament, and on its interpretation 
 she has always held herself open to new light. The 
 work of the Tract Examining Committee then was, 
 to pass on manuscripts in the light of interpreta- 
 tion prevailing at the time in which the work was 
 done. For instance, a tract on feet-washing, while 
 the double mode was used, would be viewed differ- 
 ently after the single mode had become the general 
 custom. The Committee consisted of representa- 
 tive men, and little or no fault has been found with 
 what has been passed. That which was not " sound 
 doctrine " has not come into print, and such tracts 
 have not been offered to the public in any other 
 manner. 
 
 An early rule of the Examining Comimittee was 
 
 to publish only tracts on those doctrines for which 
 
 the Church of the Brethren had es- 
 
 n y o n pecially stood. The Committee rea- 
 soned that other kinds of tracts, of 
 a general nature, could be secured from various 
 sources, and there was no need to publish miscella- 
 neous ones. This narrowed the field to some ex- 
 tent. The Book and Tract Work was organized 
 during a period when close denominational lines 
 were drawn, when many debates and discussions 
 
 135
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 over differences of interpretation of the Bible were 
 being held with representatives of other denomina- 
 tions. The call for what might be termed " evan- 
 gelistic tracts " was comparatively small. 
 
 During the last twenty years there has, come a 
 great change in sentiment, and the 
 
 -,, demand has been stronger for tracts 
 
 Change . ,. . ^ „. 
 
 of an evangelistic nature. Discus- 
 sions are fewer. Daniel Vaniman's motto, at the be- 
 ginning of his tract, " The House We Live In," 
 namely, "Don't pull other people's houses down; 
 build a better one by the side of theirs and invite 
 them over," had a great influence upon the minds of 
 the thoughtful. And instead of debate and dispute 
 there has been the spirit of love and kindness, — a 
 seeking in how much there is agreement. This has 
 brought the need of evangelistic tracts to the fore, 
 and by degrees they are coming into use. 
 
 Before closing this chapter, a list of tracts adver- 
 tised for circulation in 1894, when the Book and 
 
 Tract Work ceased as a separate in- 
 Tracts in 1894 stitution, is given, so as to compare 
 
 with the list put forth in 1887. The 
 catalogue lists the following tracts and pamphlets : 
 
 Class C 
 
 Tracts, Revised and Improved 
 No. Per Hundred 
 
 1. The Brethren or Dunkards, $1.50 
 
 2. Path of Life, 4.00 
 
 6. Single Immersion, 1.00 
 
 8. Trine Immersion Traced to the Apostles, 6.00 
 
 9. Christian Baptism 2.00 
 
 12. Ten Reasons for Trine Immersion, 1.25 
 
 136
 
 Separate Endeavor 
 
 15. Salvation or Safe Ground, $2.00 
 
 16. The Sabbath or the Lord's Day, 2.50 
 
 17. Secret Societies Incompatible with Christianity, . . 1.50 
 
 Class D 
 Tracts in This Class, at 60c per 100, Contain Eight Pages. 
 1. House We Live In, 60 
 
 3. Come, Let Us Reason Together, 60 
 
 4. The Atoning Blood of Christ, 40 
 
 5. Intemperance, 60 
 
 6. Plain Dressing, 60 
 
 7. Which Is the Right Church? 60 
 
 8. House We Live In (Swedish), 40 
 
 9. House We Live In (Danish), 40 
 
 10. Design in Baptism, 40 
 
 11. What Shall We Do with the Commandments of 
 Jesus, 40 
 
 12. Christian Giving 40 
 
 13. The Lighthouse, 60 
 
 14. Close Communion Examined 40 
 
 15. Christian Salutation, 60 
 
 16. Modern Skepticism, 60 
 
 17. Vocal and Instrumental Music in Worship, 60 
 
 21. House We Live In (German), 40 
 
 22. The Prayer Covering 60 
 
 23. The Lord's Supper 60 
 
 28. The Bible Service of Feet-washing, 60 
 
 29. Communion, 60 
 
 30. Are Christians Allowed to Swear? 40 
 
 Class E 
 
 4. Why Am I Not a Christian? 20 
 
 6. Christ and War 20 
 
 15. Gold and Costly Array 20 
 
 16. The Brethren's Card, 20 
 
 For a table of the members of the Executive Com- 
 mittee and each one's term of service see Appendix A. 
 For a brief biographical sketch see the biographical 
 section of this book. 
 
 137
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 As early as 1889 a petition came to Conference, 
 asking that the " General Church Erection and Mis- 
 . sionary Committee and the Book and 
 Desired Tract Work be controlled by one 
 
 Committee; and that the soliciting be 
 done by one solicitor." It was apparent that two 
 sets of workers in the same congregation was bring- 
 ing confusion. To the petition was given this an- 
 swer: 
 
 Annual Meeting deems it best to postpone the question 
 of merging the above Committees into one until the ques-. 
 tion of transferring the Publishing interests to the Gen- 
 eral Brotherhood is determined. In the meantime we 
 think it proper to have one set of solicitors if the churches 
 prefer. 
 
 Later the same question of consolidation came 
 up, and in 1891 the Committee appointed reported 
 a plan to consolidate, and deferred its passage till 
 1893. At this Conference the two were merged into 
 a new Committee and the history of the Tract 
 Work will be followed further, under the history of 
 the new organization. 
 
 138
 
 VII. 
 
 Bineteen geat$ of 0ii$0fons in 3lnDia 
 
 1894 to 1913 
 
 THE opening of a mission in some new foreign 
 field is no small task. That task increases 
 rapidly when the members of a Missionary 
 Board, — thoughtful and prayerful as they may be, — 
 are themselves strangers to the land in question. The 
 how, the where, and the "wherewith," 
 
 „ ew le usually are perplexing to the wisest. 
 Perplexing ^ , r ■ 
 
 Doubts, fears, caution, prudence, and 
 
 wisdom all help to retard progress, — not that the mem- 
 bers of a Mission Board are anti-missionary but that 
 they are not sure of the way. Then God works, 
 too ; perhaps not so much in this delay as in work- 
 ing through other hearts and minds more hopeful 
 and trustful, — through those who would rush in 
 where those of larger experience hesitate to go, and 
 finally, through much travail of soul and amidst 
 many questionings, a great new work in a new mis- 
 sion field is decided upon. 
 
 The General Mission Board never undertook an 
 important step hastily ; and to that very fact, per- 
 haps, is due the substantial growth of 
 
 Board Not .u • • 4. n 
 
 J, the missionary movement, as well as 
 
 her hearty support in the Brother- 
 hood. 
 
 139
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 Unusual interest clustered around the meeting of 
 the Committee October 4, 1892. It had been noised 
 about a little that at this meeting the 
 ^"^^ ^o?*"^" ^"^i^c^ °^ I"^^^ Missions was to be 
 Support considered. The record says: "At 
 
 this point J. H. Moore and Sister D. 
 L. Miller came in, to be present at the discussion 
 of the India Mission question, and the Board 
 dropped unfinished business and proceeded." The 
 members of the Board at this meeting were D. Van- 
 iman, D. L. Miller, J. L. Miller, J. W. Price and L. 
 'A. Plate. What the speeches were, pro and con, — 
 if there were any " cons," — perhaps is forgotten. 
 What the Board had before them, and were prayer- 
 fully weighing, is reflected in this record : " Brother 
 Wilbur B. Stover presented a proposition to go to 
 India as a missionary." The Waynesboro congrega- 
 tion of Pennsylvania was in mind and pocketbook 
 standing behind Brother Stover's offer, to the extent 
 of assuring the Board of about $800 towards his sup- 
 port. 
 
 Wilbur B. Stover, at this time, was a young man 
 of twenty-five summers, full of vim and with many 
 missionary possibilities wrapped up in 
 First Applicant him undeveloped. Waynesboro con- 
 gregation, knowing his parentage, 
 and herself always aggressive in evangelistic ways, 
 took afire by Brother Stover's missionary idea, 
 which had been born into his heart while in school 
 at Mt. Morris, the years just previous. While an 
 active and stirring member of the church. Brother 
 Stover had not yet seen the need of conforming 
 
 140
 
 Missions In India 
 
 in every part to the order in dress. But now, that 
 he was offering himself as an ambassador of the 
 Lord Jesus Christ for the Church of the Brethren 
 in foreign lands, this naturally became an impor- 
 tant issue in his appointment. Hence one is not 
 surprised to read the action of the Committee, at 
 the close of its deliberations: "That, in view of 
 the proposition made by the Waynesboro congre- 
 gation, to assist in sending Brother Wilbur B. Sto- 
 ver as a missionary to India, the Committee agrees 
 to send him on the following conditions : First, that 
 he conforms fully to the order of the church in dress. 
 Second, that he agrees to remain at least five years, 
 subject to and under the direction of the General 
 Mission Board." The Foreman, Daniel Vaniman, 
 was to write fully and explain the conditions, while 
 the Secretary hastened to the telegraph office to 
 send this message, " Go this fall on conditions. Let- 
 ter explaining coming from Vaniman." 
 
 Brother Stover was, at the time, pastor of the 
 
 congregation at Germantown, Pennsylvania, and 
 
 the Committee, not unmindful of what 
 
 -, ^ the loss would mean to that little 
 
 Congregation , • r , t. i 
 
 mother congregation of the Brother- 
 hood, in taking away her pastor, "recommended 
 that G. N. Falkenstein, of Mt. Morris, Illinois, take 
 his place." Thus ended the deliberations of the 
 first Committee meeting on the India Mission ques- 
 tion. 
 
 For some reason Brother Stover did not go. Had 
 he gone at this time, perhaps he would have had to 
 go alone ; for there was no one ready to go with him. 
 
 141
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 Perhaps an Unseen Hand blocked the way. Any- 
 how, at the Committee meeting in January, 1893, 
 "Brother Vaniman reported he was 
 Did Not Go unable to give any definite reason why 
 Brother Stover failed to go." 
 At a special meeting of the Committee, held Feb- 
 ruary 27, 1893, called, perhaps, on account of a crit- 
 ical situation at Washington, D. C, 
 
 Others « ..u j.- c 
 
 . , the question of openmg up a mis- 
 
 sion in India came before the Board 
 in the form of Albert and Alice Vaniman, of Mc- 
 Pherson, Kansas, offering themselves to go to 
 heathen lands, wholly under the control of the 
 Board." The Board did not act hastily. After a 
 , long discussion it decided to adjourn till morning 
 and each member was instructed " in the meantime 
 prayerfully to consider the question." Upon con- 
 vening the next morning " it was decided to accept 
 Brother Albert W. and Sister Alice Vaniman as 
 missionaries to India," and at once publish in the 
 Gospel Messenger the following "official call" : 
 
 The Opening of an India Mission 
 
 At a meeting of the General Missionary Committee, 
 February 28, the pressing need of a mission in India was 
 presented, and after prayerful and careful consideration, 
 the Committee decided on the following: 
 
 1. That steps be taken towards opening a mission in 
 India. 
 
 2. That Brother Albert W. and Sister Alice Vaniman, 
 having offered themselves to labor in a foreign field, 
 wholly under the control of the Committee, their appli- 
 cation was accepted. 
 
 3. That the Committee desires to send another suita- 
 
 142
 
 Missions In India 
 
 ble brother and his wife, or a brother, or a sister, as cir- 
 cumstances direct, to accompany them. 
 
 4. That the Committee will need means to carry on this 
 work, and now calls upon the Brotherhood for contribu- 
 tions. It is necessary, to carry out the present plans, 
 that sufficient funds or a guarantee for the same, be in 
 the hands of the Committee by Annual Meeting. 
 
 5. That the Board proposes to have the missionaries 
 sail about October 1, 1893. 
 
 6. That all money for this work should be designated 
 as " India Missions " and sent to the Secretary of the Com- 
 mittee, Mt. Morris, Illinois. 
 
 7. That the Committee suggests that all the churches 
 and Sunday-schools in the Brotherhood hold special col- 
 lections for this work on the first Sunday in May, or as 
 near that time as convenient. There will also be an op- 
 portunity to contribute at Annual Meeting. 
 
 8. That applications with full particulars from mem- 
 bers desiring to accompany Brother and Sister Vaniman, 
 should be in writing and in the hands of the Secretary 
 no later than time of Annual Meeting. 
 
 9. That the following are the qualifications for mis- 
 sionaries: 
 
 (a) They must be sound in the faith. 
 
 (b) They must be willing to submit themselves wholly 
 under the control and advice of the Committee. 
 
 (c) They must be able and willing to teach and defend 
 the principles of the Gospel, and the doctrines and pecul- 
 iarities of the church, as defined and applied by Annual 
 Meeting and must manifest the same in their conversation, 
 life and character. If married, the missionary must have 
 a wife who is to him a true helpmeet, possessing, so far 
 as may be, similar qualifications, and who is ever ready 
 to carry forward the Lord's work. 
 
 (d) The Committee agrees that such missionaries shall 
 be furnished steady employment, so long as they prove 
 to be the right members in the right place, and while 
 thus employed they shall be supported. An itemized re- 
 
 143
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 port of expenses is to be submitted to the Committee 
 quarterly, by all missionaries in their employ. 
 
 The above is to be signed by both the Committee and 
 those who go. By Order of the Board, 
 
 Daniel Vaniman, Foreman. 
 
 At the next meeting', May 21, 1893, endowment 
 notes as well as a special India fund were authorized, 
 
 but the India Mission question proper 
 Deferred was deferred until the July meeting. 
 
 At this meeting the subject was again 
 deferred, this time because " of the decision of the 
 last Annual Meeting." The decision referred to 
 asks for a change of Art. 10, 1892, which granted 
 that an elder and his wife may be sent to Europe 
 every three years, but stipulates " that no brother 
 or sister be sent to foreign countries to do mission- 
 ary or church work without first obtaining a favor- 
 able assent of the local District in which they live, 
 . . . the consent of Standing Committee and the ap- 
 proval of Annual Meeting." 
 At the October meeting the sentiment came so 
 
 strong that reconsideration of the 
 Pressure India Mission question was taken up 
 
 and the following decided upon: 
 
 In view of the pressure brought to bear upon the 
 committee, it was decided to open a mission in India; to 
 send two brethren and their wives; for the present to 
 send ministers only; after some deliberations, on appli- 
 cation of Brother Stover and wife, . . . decided to inves- 
 tigate more fully their qualifications as missionaries to 
 India; to recommend A. W. Vaniman and Alice Vani- 
 man, his wife, as missionaries to India to our next Annual 
 Meeting. 
 
 144
 
 Missions In India 
 
 Great care seems to have been necessary, for at 
 the meeting of January, 1894, still further investiga- 
 tions were directed towards Brother Stover, his ac- 
 ceptance still being deferred. But the clouds were 
 steadily lifting, and had all disappeared by the next 
 meeting. 
 
 The Committee was in session May 24, 1894, at 
 
 Meyersdale, Pennsylvania, and it was decided to 
 
 ' have " A. W. Vaniman and wife, W. 
 
 ■c,^ ^ • ^ B. Stover and wife, and Bertha Ryan, 
 rLxpenences •' . 
 
 appear before the Committee at its 
 meeting on Sunday next, if they are here." At 
 this appointed meeting each one gave an expression 
 of his feeling and convictions about going to for- 
 eign lands. The season was such a spiritual out- 
 break that the Committee decided to have the same 
 experience repeated before the Standing Committee 
 on Monday morning. After the withdrawal of the 
 applicants the Committee passed the following: 
 
 Decided to present the following to Standing Commit- 
 tee: Brother W. B. StOiver and Sister Mary Stover, his 
 wife, of Waynesboro, Pennsylvania, Brother A. W. Vani- 
 man and Alice Vaniman, his wife, of Topeka, Kansas, and 
 Sister Bertha Ryan, of Chicago, Illinois, having been prop- 
 erly recommended by their respective churches, and hav- 
 ing been examined by the Standing Committee and the 
 General Missionary and Tract Committee, as applicants 
 for the India Mission field, are considered suitable for 
 the work. Therefore, we hereby recommend them to An- 
 nual Meeting for approval, with the understanding that 
 for the present the Missionary Committee will send only 
 three of them. 
 
 Thus all five were approved by Standing Commit- 
 tee and approved by Conference. It was a new ex- 
 
 145
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 perience for the Standing Committee. Perhaps a 
 few seemed a little critical, as they manifested con- 
 cern for the church beinsf properly 
 New to Stand- ^ j u . • u It. 
 
 ing Committee J'epresented, but m every bosom there 
 
 throbbed a heart of sympathy and a 
 feeling of joy that in the church should be found 
 such self-sacrificing members. Some noble views 
 were taken by a few of the older brethren. As an il- 
 lustration, there was Ephraim Stoner, who said of 
 Brother Stover, in a letter to the Mission Rooms, 
 during the period of the Committee's investigation 
 of his fitness, " True, Brother Stover does some 
 things I would rather he would not do; but he is 
 willing to do one thing I am not, — that is, to go to 
 India." Such a view of a young man's possibilities 
 is worth preserving as an example for others to fol- 
 low. 
 
 . At the close of the Conference the 
 
 . ^, following communication from Bro- 
 
 ther and Sister Vaniman was handed 
 to the Committee: 
 
 To the Mission Board: — 
 
 Whereas, it has been decided to select three of the five 
 applicants for the India Mission, we present to you the 
 following for your consideration: Being much impressed 
 with the importance of our church opening a mission in 
 India, we offered ourselves for the work, willing to be 
 used if the Lord should so direct, and while all the ap- 
 plicants are much interested in the work, we feel to say 
 to the Committee that any former decision of yours, in 
 our case, should in no wise be a barrier to yo.ur full and 
 free action in the matter now, and we, in accordance with 
 the Scripture which says, "In honor preferring one an- 
 other," cheerfully accord the preference to. Brother and 
 
 146
 
 Missions In India 
 
 Sister Stover and Sister Ryan. This is further based 
 upon the following consideration: Brother Stover was 
 the first applicant. The church at Topeka needs our serv- 
 ices. Praying that the Lo.rd may guide the Board aright, 
 in this important and far-reaching enterprise, we submit 
 the above. Signed: A, W. Vaniman, Alice Vaniman. 
 
 Thus it came to pass that Brother and Sister 
 Stover and Sister Ryan became the first mission- 
 
 aries to India for the Church of the 
 Missionaries Brethren. At the Board's meeting 
 
 on September 18, 1894, it was decided 
 " that the missionaries should go to Bombay and 
 try to open up the work there ; that $850 be appro- 
 priated for fares and expenses of the trip for the 
 three; that $1,000 be sent with them to open up the 
 work ; that the treasurer be authorized to borrow 
 $1,000 for the India fund." This last item was nec- 
 essary because the India fund did not have money 
 enough at its command, and the needed amount 
 was borrowed from another fund for the time. 
 Concerning their departure the Gospel Messenger 
 
 has an editorial, a part of which will 
 Deep Concern be of interest, as showing the deep 
 
 concern there was on every hand for 
 the young people: 
 
 Bro. Stover and wife, and Sister Ryan, our first mis- 
 sionaries to India, are to set sail at New York, October 
 16. They have arranged to spend the Sunday before with 
 the members at Philadelphia, so as to attend and enjoy 
 their services. Several of the members from Philadelphia 
 will accompany them to New York, and see them aboard 
 their vessel. Others will probably be present to see them 
 otf. The route selected takes them to England, thence, by 
 way of Gibraltar, the Suez Canal and Red Sea, into the 
 
 147
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 Stations where the missions of the Church of the 
 Brethren are located in India. 
 
 148
 
 Missions In India 
 
 Indian Ocean. If all goes well, they will reach Bombay, 
 India, about November 6. The journey will be a long 
 and dangerous one, and during their sojourn on the great 
 deep they crave the prayers of God's people. It is but 
 fitting that we should remember them at our family al- 
 tars, as well as in our secret prayers, and also in our 
 public services. Let us pray for their protection while 
 upon the voyage, and for their safe arrival in their chosen 
 field of labor among the heathen. 
 
 They sailed from New York on the Havel, and 
 had the pleasure of the company of O. Perry Hoo- 
 ver and wife, who, at the same time, 
 Sailing were going to Germany for educa- 
 
 tional purposes. On Saturday, No- 
 vember 24, 1894, the party landed in Bombay, after 
 a pleasant and interesting voyage and put up at a 
 Parsee hotel. On the next day, Sunday, they at- 
 tended services at an English Baptist church, and 
 through the pastor learned of an English missionary 
 lady, living alone, and desiring company. At this 
 place the party made its home for several months. 
 Several days after landing Brother Stover was taken 
 down with a severe attack of fever that gave the 
 party great concern, but after two weeks he was 
 out again, and they resumed investigations for their 
 new location. This finally proved to be at Bulsar, 
 where the party located on March 8, 1895. This 
 station, in a sense, has grown to be the headquar- 
 ters of the mission in India. 
 
 In June, 1895, the missionaries were commended 
 
 by the Board for their economy, the 
 
 First Report action based on a report made to the 
 
 Board. In 1896 the Board's Annual 
 
 Report to Conference says: 
 
 149
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 The years have been full of experience. The mission- 
 aries are acquiring the language, and becoming more fully 
 acquainted with the people, and the difficulties they have 
 to meet. Affliction was heavy upon one of them, but he 
 was raised up, and is, with others, earnest in the work. 
 A number have made inquiry concerning the faith, but 
 none have been received into fellowship. D. L. Miller 
 and his wife spent some weeks in this field and were 
 deeply impressed with the great need of mission work. 
 They found the missionaries of one mind and faith and 
 desirous to be in full sympathy and harmony with the 
 Brotherhood at home. 
 
 Some difficult problems were confronting the 
 
 workers and Brother Miller rendered the Board val- 
 
 . uable assistance in getting: some of 
 
 Difficult ^, ^. 1 r •. J . J 
 
 Problems these questions before it understand- 
 
 ingly. The intense heat of the sun 
 in that country can not be fully realized without 
 actual experience. In that land a special cover for 
 the head is made to afford extra protection. In or- 
 der to meet the need of protection for the workers, 
 the Board, at its meeting of May 20, 1896, instructed 
 Brother Miller " to say to the missionaries that un- 
 der existing circumstances the Board thinks there 
 is no violation of principle to wear the plain sun 
 topee." Other important decisions of this meeting 
 are that " permission is granted to start a school 
 in the mission in India when deemed best; and that 
 a brother and wife and a single sister be sent to 
 India." 
 
 Three young people were selected and approved 
 by the Conference, but were not permitted to go 
 on account of health. 
 
 Reinforcements were sent, however, in 1897, 
 
 150
 
 Missions In India 
 
 when Conference confirmed the appointment of S. 
 N. McCann, D. L. Forney and wife, 
 Reinforce. ^^^ EHzabeth Gibbel. The band in 
 
 India was authorized to open an Or- 
 phanage but to receive at first not over twenty-five 
 inmates. Later this was made fifty ; and still later 
 left to the discretion of the workers on the field. 
 
 The Annual Report, dated March 31, 1898, reports 
 twenty-four accessions by baptism, and the "Or- 
 phanage, with its inmates, a source 
 Twenty-four ^^ ^^^^ ^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ -^ India." 
 xVcccssiotis 
 
 The question of how rapidly new 
 
 fields should be occupied, was, at the May, 1898, 
 Board meeting referred to the missionaries. They 
 were instructed to organize for proper business 
 transactions, electing proper officers, etc. ; " that 
 temporal support can not be a consideration in re- 
 ceiving persons into church membership, but that 
 the usual order must be observed." This last has 
 been, and always will be, a perplexing problem in 
 a land where caste rules, and where the breaking 
 of caste means to lose friends and inheritance. At 
 the October meeting, the same year, the mission- 
 aries were granted permission to employ native help 
 as judgment dictated, with the caution, " Believing 
 they will, in no way, misuse the privilege." 
 
 Eighteen more were baptized during the next 
 year, according to the Annual Report, March 31, 
 1899. The forty-five members mak- 
 ing ing of jj^g ^p ^j^g church were, in national- 
 ity, thirty-five Hindoos, one Parsee, 
 one Syrian, three Eurasians, eight Americans. The 
 
 151
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 official force of the congregation consisted of two 
 bishops, one minister, one deacon, two lay-evangel- 
 ists, one colporter, two day-teachers, three Sunday- 
 school teachers. A new station, Navsari, was oc- 
 cupied during the year. Three love feasts were 
 held ; thirty-four were in the Orphanage. The Board, 
 at its meeting on May 15, decided that the support 
 of each American worker should be $200 per year, 
 and for each child $50 per year. This was for food 
 and clothing, fuel, light, and so on. The bungalow 
 was furnished rent free by the Board to the mis- 
 sionary. In response to the appeal for more work- 
 ers, the Board answered, " Because of the urgent 
 demand for workers on the home field, we think 
 it inadvisable to send more missionaries to foreign 
 fields at present." Sister Ryan was granted a fur- 
 lough of one year. 
 
 It was during 1900 that the awful famine, that 
 made such havoc in Western India, raged in the 
 land. Sister Ryan came home on fur- 
 Awful Famine lough, and by suggestion wrote an 
 appeal in the Gospel Messenger. By 
 reason of the pathetic plea, there were donated, be- 
 fore the close of the next fiscal year, thousands of 
 dollars to help in the relief of the famine sufferers. 
 These were strenuous days for the missionaries, 
 but they did their best and were the happy ministers 
 of physical relief to many of India's wretched and 
 poor ones. Within this year Brother McCann and 
 wife located at Ankleshwer and Brother Forney and 
 wife at Navsari. An Orphanage building, the gift 
 of the Brotherhood, was erected at Bulsar, and 
 
 152
 
 Missions In India 
 
 "about two hundred famine children were being 
 cared for and instructed in the ways of the Lord." 
 ... Of the $15,631, donated up to April 1, not one 
 cent was used to pay any clerical help or expense 
 in this country, and none of the missionaries in In- 
 dia." Eight thousand tracts and 811 copies of the 
 Bible or portions of the same were distributed. The 
 Board extended Sister Ryan's furlough. At the 
 Conference of 1900 Adam Ebey, Alice King (soon 
 after married to Brother Ebey), and Eliza B. Miller 
 were appointed to go to India the following fall. 
 
 The results of the famine began to show them- 
 selves fully during 1901, when about five hundred 
 
 orphans found admission into the 
 
 Some Famine , ,• r n i t i i 
 
 P , mission stations of Bulsar, Jalalpor 
 
 and Ankleshwer. The total amount 
 raised and sent to India for famine relief was $26,- 
 058.11. During the year the Stover Manufacturing 
 Company, of Freeport, Illinois, donated a wind en- 
 gine and pump for use at Bulsar. The General Mis- 
 sion Board directed that the three organized sta- 
 tions form themselves into a District and plan to 
 represent their District at Annual Conference in 
 the regular way, and look towards directing, as far 
 as thought best, the affairs of the India church. 
 
 On October 5, 1901, Brother Stover and wife 
 started home on their first furlough, and the follow- 
 ing spring, at Harrisburg, Pennsyl- 
 First Furlough vania, the District of India was first 
 represented on Standing Committee 
 by him. His furlough year was a busy one. The 
 wide-awake mission churches, east and west, called 
 
 153
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 for a visit from him, and his tour among the 
 churches sent a thrill through the whole Brother- 
 hood. At a juncture when the Church of the Breth- 
 ren in India was first represented in the councils of 
 the General Church, it may be well to record the 
 following table., given to the First District Meeting 
 of India on October 1, 1901: 
 
 Jalal- Ankle- 
 Bulsar por shwer 
 
 Ministers (foreign), 2 1 1 
 
 Deacons (native), 1 
 
 Village schools, 3 1 1 
 
 Village scholars, 75 15 
 
 Colporters (native) 5 .. 2 
 
 Teachers, workers (native), 7 2 3 
 
 Number of baptisms for year 58 19 56 
 
 Number of dismissals 3 
 
 Present membership, 90 24 63 
 
 Total membership in India, 177 
 
 At the Conference of 1902, D. J. Lichty, Jesse Em- 
 mert and Gertrude Rowland were approved for the 
 India field. Sister Emmert was not 
 Famine Gifts permitted, however, to sail till one 
 year later. No report of work for the 
 year was received, but the following summary of 
 contributions towards relief in the three famines, 
 endured in India, is worthy of record: 
 
 Famine of 1897, $ 4,360.12 
 
 Famine of 1899, 1900, 26,058.52 
 
 Famine of 1901, 1902 10,836.80 
 
 Total, $41,255.44 
 
 In the beginning of 1903 Adam Ebey and wife 
 opened up the station of Dahanu. They had to 
 learn a new language, — the Marathi, — but at once 
 
 154
 
 Missions In India 
 
 became busy in the station, helping the suffering, 
 in a small way, through medical work. 
 
 The minutes of the General Mission Board of 
 May 30, 1903, record a rather touching scene, which 
 
 is given place here, because precious 
 l/r f- ^ to those who were present. The 
 
 Board, at that time, consisted of D. 
 L. Miller, L. W. Teeter, A. B. Barnhart, John Zuck 
 and H. C. Early. At least S. F. Sanger and I. Ben- 
 nett Trout were present also, as well as L. H. 
 Dickey, of Northwestern Ohio, who opened the 
 meeting with prayer, and then presented the names 
 of S. P. Berkebile and wife as missionaries to India, 
 their support being pledged by their State District. 
 They were accepted and then the proposed mission- 
 aries that had been approved by the Board, — name- 
 ly, " Mary N. Quinter, I. S. Long, S. P. Berkebile, 
 Nora Berkebile, J. M. Blough, William H. 
 Wertenbaker, Effie Showalter, Sadie J. Miller, 
 Nora Arnold, and Anna Detwiler spoke in 
 the order named," telling of the experience 
 and convictions which led them to this altar 
 of service. Then " D. L. Miller, S. F. Sanger and 
 I. Bennett Trout spoke very touchingly to the work- 
 ers, after which a number of prayers were offered 
 by the missionaries and Hymn 235, ' The Lord of the 
 Harvest Calls,' was sung." This meeting occurred 
 on Sunday afternoon, at four, in the Standing Com- 
 mittee room at Bellefontaine, Ohio. For some rea- 
 son Brother Wertenbaker was not permitted to 
 carry out the intention of that day. The others 
 sailed from New York the following fall, and the rein- 
 
 155
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 forcement brought great joy to the little band in 
 India. At the October meeting, feeling the great 
 need of a physician in India, and Dr. O. H. Yereman 
 having completed his work, and being under the di- 
 rection of the Board, he, at the request of the Gen- 
 eral Mission Board, joined the party to India, with- 
 out formal confirmation of the Conference. 
 
 The year 1904 witnessed some beginnings that 
 have proved great blessings. Jesse Emmert, a nat- 
 ural mechanic, whose talent had 
 Blessed ^^^^ ^^^^^ developed, began industrial 
 
 work for the orphan boys. But he 
 needed a shop and tools, and D. L. Miller and wife, 
 who were spending the year in India, seeing the 
 need, advanced $500 towards getting this work on 
 foot. Dr. Yereman was not long on the ground 
 until he opened a dispensary and began caring for 
 the diseased. D. J, Lichty, located at Ankleshwer, 
 took charge of the Orphanage there, so that Brother 
 McCann could give his time more fully to evangel- 
 istic and other work. The report of Brother Mc- 
 Cann's labors, at this juncture, is inspiring: "At 
 Ahmode, near Rajpardi, on January 3, twenty-seven 
 Bhils were baptized. On January 11 we began meet- 
 ings at Ahmode, preaching from three to five times 
 per day. We closed on the 16th, fifty-seven being 
 baptized and eighty-four enjoying their first love 
 feast. On the 17th we began meetings at Vali, clos- 
 ing on the 24th with fifty-four baptisms and a love 
 feast, in which one hundred communed. Brother 
 and Sister Stover joined us at the close of this meet- 
 ing, and on the 26th we were all at Monguch, where 
 
 156
 
 Missions In India 
 
 we preached daily until the 30th, when thirteen were 
 baptized and a love feast held." Thus the record 
 runs, for, during the year at this station alone, in- 
 cluding the outstations, there were 241 baptisms, 
 and 4,380 sermons and talks were given by native 
 workers. Over one thousand Bibles and Scripture 
 portions were sold. I. S. Long and wife located at 
 Jalalpor because D. L. Forney and wife were return- 
 ing home on sick furlough. The year was a busy 
 one. The industrial work among the orphan boys 
 was good; the accessions to the church were fifty- 
 four. 
 
 At the close of 1904, having been approved by the 
 Conference at Carthage, Missouri, a plendid rein- 
 forcement of workers arrived in India. The party* 
 consisted of J. M. Pittenger and wife, E. H. Eby and 
 wife, A. W. Ross and wife, and S. P. Berkebile and 
 wife. J. W. Swigart had also been approved, but 
 through sickness was called to the field above about 
 one month before time to sail. 
 
 The most important event, perhaps, of 1905, was 
 
 the final approval by the General Mis- 
 
 -_. . T, J sion Board, on May 30, of the Con- 
 Mission Board , t-, , r i t^- • 
 
 stitution and By-laws of the District 
 
 Mission Board of the First District of India. It is 
 
 as follows : 
 
 Art. 1. — The Conference of the First District of India 
 shall elect and perpetuate a Mission Board, composed of 
 five members, active as church workers and faithful in 
 their church relation, vi^hose term of office shall be five 
 years, except those first elected, one of whom shall serve 
 
 ♦This list of missionaries does not appear In the Conference 
 Minutes of 1904, and was only accidentally noted through 
 preparing Appendix I. 
 
 157
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 one, one two, one three, one four and one five years, to 
 be known as the District Mission Board of the Church of 
 the Brethren of the First District of India. 
 
 Art. 2. — The Mission Board shall organize by electing 
 a Chairman, Secretary, and Treasurer, and shall hold 
 four regular meetings each year. Special meetings may be 
 called by the Chairman and Secretary, or by any three 
 members of the Board, by giving not less than five days' 
 notice. Four members of the Board shall constitute a 
 quorum for the transaction of business. 
 
 Art. 3. — Duties, (a) The Chairman shall preside at the 
 meetings of the Board and shall perform such other du- 
 ties as shall devolve upon such officer, (b) The Secretary 
 shall keep careful record of all the business transacted 
 by the Board, attend properly to all necessary corre- 
 spondence, and perform such other duties as shall devolve 
 upon him. He shall also make an annual report to the 
 District Conference, and to the General Mission Board, of 
 the work done in the field by the missionaries and their 
 helpers, (c) The Treasurer shall have charge of all the 
 money coming into the hands of the Committee and shall 
 deposit it in such bank or banks as it may indicate, and 
 shall pay out money only by order of the Committee. 
 He shall take vouchers for sums disbursed and shall make 
 an annual report to the District Mission Board and to 
 the General Mission Board. 
 
 It shall be the duty of the District Mission Board: 
 
 1. To select new mission stations and to locate and 
 relocate missionaries. 
 
 2. To select all native workers after carefully testing 
 them as to their moral and mental qualifications and 
 faithfulness to the church. 
 
 3. To distribute tracts and printed matter helpful to 
 the cause of missions, to introduce, whenever possible, 
 the publications of the Brethren Publishing House, and 
 to have native Sunday-schools organized wherever pos- 
 sible. 
 
 4. To arrange to start village schools wherever and 
 whenever practicable, and, with the help of the missionary 
 
 158
 
 Missions In India 
 
 in whose charge they will be, to select teachers for them. 
 
 5. To recommend to the General Mission Board mis- 
 sionaries for furloughs and vacations to visit the home- 
 land. 
 
 6. To fill vacancies on the Mission Board, but only for 
 the time, until the next District Conference following 
 such vacancies. 
 
 7. To prepare a uniform scale of support for all na- 
 tive workers, which shall not be changed without con- 
 sent of the Mission Board, or by action of the District 
 Conference. 
 
 8. To solicit and receive government aid for schools 
 and other work, donations, bequests and endowments 
 from individuals and churches in India, as provided for 
 by Annual Conference of the churches in America. All 
 soliciting in America to be done by the approval of the 
 General Mission Board. 
 
 9. To make o.ut annually, before January 10 of each 
 year, a carefully-prepared estimate of money needed for 
 carrying on the mission work in India for the year be- 
 ginning about twelve months from January 10, and submit 
 the same to the General Mission Board in America for 
 action, 
 
 10. To withdraw support from any missionary or native 
 worker unwilling to work in harmony with the rules of 
 the Church, or of the Mission Board, as herein defined. 
 
 11. To keep the expenditures within the funds in hands. 
 
 12. To observe the following order of business in their 
 meetings: 
 
 (a) Devotional exercises. 
 
 (b) Reading minutes of last meeting. 
 
 (c) Report of committees. 
 
 (d) Unfinished business. 
 
 (e) New business. 
 
 (f) Miscellaneous business. 
 
 (g) Approval of minutes of present session, 
 (h) Adjournment with prayer. 
 
 Art. 4. Amendments may be made to the Constitution 
 and By-laws by a two-thirds vote of the District Confer- 
 
 159
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 ence and the approval of the General Mission Board, and 
 such proposed amendments shall come either from a local 
 church or the District Mission Board. 
 
 The Annual Report for 1905 says: "Possibly the 
 most important work of the year was the erection 
 
 of the Waterloo building for girls. 
 Qj , With this additional building of 225 
 
 feet, the girls have, for the first time, 
 sufficient and comfortable room for living purposes 
 and also for school room, besides furnishing rooms 
 for Sister Miller, who now lives in the new building 
 next to the school-room. Could the Waterloo 
 church. Northern Iowa, see the improvement that 
 has been brought about by their liberality, they sure- 
 ly could not regret having done this much for the 
 India orphans," The station Vali, — postoffice 
 Umalla, — was opened this year by D. J. Lichty and 
 wife. 
 
 At the meeting of the General Mission Board, 
 
 held on May 28, 1906, many items vital to India 
 
 were decided upon. D, L. Miller had 
 Vital Items , , . , . , j • •. • 
 
 Decided Upon returned from his prolonged visit in 
 
 India and " reported on conditions." 
 It was decided " that the time limit of service of 
 a foreign missionary shall be seven years for the 
 first period, and thereafter nine years ; vacations one 
 year unless otherwise ordered by the General Mis- 
 sion Board." The question of proper qualification, 
 preparation, examination, etc., was referred to a 
 committee to report at next meeting. It was de- 
 cided " that bungalows at Vyara and V'ada he 
 granted, that $3,000 be raised for a hospital fund," 
 
 160
 
 Missions In India 
 
 and " that the $1,200 for the Dahanu dispensary be 
 transferred to Bulsar for a church and school build- 
 ing fund." E. H, Eby and wife located at Ankle- 
 shwer on account of Brother McCann and wife tak- 
 ing a furlough. The medical headquarters was 
 moved to Bulsar, while the dispensary work was 
 continued at Dahanu, in charge of J. M. Pittenger 
 and wife. On January 29, 1906, Brother and Sister 
 Berkebile reached Vada, and opened up the station. 
 About the same time Brother and Sister Ross 
 opened Vyara, in Baroda State. 
 
 From the time the famine began there were or- 
 phans at Ankleshwer and Jalalpor, as well as at Bul- 
 
 sar. In compliance with a decision to 
 „ ? , unite the Orphanage work at Bulsar, 
 
 Bro. McCann brought his 94 orphan 
 boys to Bulsar in February, 1906. This greatly in- 
 creased labor at Bulsar, but proved very economical 
 and beneficial. Dr. Yereman, for several reasons, 
 withdrew from the field and returned to America. 
 Educational work was receiving due consideration 
 and the following plan was adopted to carry it for- 
 ward: "All who pass the fifth government stand- 
 ard and desire to pursue study further, may do so 
 on two conditions : (1) That the boy or girl is 
 worthy. (2) That he or she is willing to say on paper 
 that he (or she) desires to become a mission worker 
 in the Church of the Brethren." Ten young men, — 
 brethren, — accepted the terms, and pressed forward 
 for still better preparation for the church. In the 
 latter part of the year Charles Brubaker, Ella Miller 
 and Josephine Powell, having been approved by 
 
 161
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 Conference, reached India, and took up language 
 study. 
 
 The year 1907 proved to be one fully occupied 
 with erecting bungalows for the missionaries. The 
 force was weakened through Brother 
 b''"1"ows McCann and wife, Brother Adam 
 
 Ebey and wife, and Eliza B. Miller 
 coming home on furlough. In the changes follow- 
 ing, Brother and Sister Stover located at Ankle- 
 shwer, Chas. Brubaker and wife, nee Ella Miller, 
 located at Dahanu to care for Brother Ebey's sta- 
 tion, E. H. Eby and wife opened up the new station 
 of Jhagadia, and J. M. Pittenger and wife, on Jan- 
 uary 25, opened Ahwa in the Dangs Forests. The 
 year was one of much activity and growth. 
 
 The year 1908, for the most part, was a steady 
 pull of work already begun. J. M, Blough, as editor 
 of the Gujerati Quarterly for Sunday- 
 First Great schools, started two years before, 
 pushed the periodical with vigor. The 
 Orphanages, started because of the famine, uncon- 
 sciously were transforming themselves into board- 
 ing schools, and needed wise handling from reli- 
 gious and educational viewpoints. The first great 
 sadness on our foreign mission field came when 
 word was received that Adam Ebey and wife lost 
 by death two of their children. At the close of the 
 year Ida Himmelsbaugh, the first nurse on the mis- 
 sion field, and Kathryn Ziegler, arrived and entered 
 upon their duties. 
 
 For the purpose of developing the native church 
 in 1909, an India District Mission Board was or- 
 
 162
 
 Missions In India 
 
 ganized, the organization to be, in the main, composed 
 of natives and yet under the supervision of the 
 India Mission American workers. The natives have 
 Board taken hold and, of their small means, 
 
 have given liberally towards support- 
 ing one of their own number in the mission field. 
 
 In 1910 the basis of support was changed to the 
 following : 
 
 Adult, women, — fi'rst three years, $250; next five years, 
 $275; after that, $300. 
 
 Adult, men, — first three years, $275; next five years, 
 $300; thereafter, $350. 
 
 Children, $50 per year till six years old; $75 till ten 
 years; then $100 till eighteen years old, when support 
 ceases. 
 
 This did not prove satisfactory, and in April, 1912, 
 the support was made uniform, $300 per year for 
 adults; $75 for children till 8, then $150 till 18 years 
 old. 
 
 Annual Conference gave permission to the Board 
 
 to "aid in its missions by developing such indus- 
 
 . trial lines as seems prudent to the 
 
 _. ' Board." Within the year Pimpalner 
 
 was opened by I. S. Long and wife. 
 
 On October 20, 1910, after some weeks of enteric 
 
 fever, in its most virulent form, Charles H. Bru- 
 
 baker died and was buried on the mountain side near 
 
 Landour, Mussoorie, far to the north of India in the 
 
 Himalayas. This was the first death in the rank 
 
 and file of the workers since the mission was opened 
 
 in India, in 1894. The blow was a heavy one. The 
 
 worker was needed. The station after this remained 
 
 163
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 closed for nearly two years because there was no one 
 ready to occupy Vada, thus suddenly closed. Ida 
 Shumaker arrived on the field near the close of the 
 year, and took hold with that vim so characteristic 
 of her life. 
 
 The years from now on have been full of devel- 
 oping what had been begun and recited in the 
 former pages. The native church 
 Development needed fostering and the missiona- 
 ries at each station were busy during 
 1911, caring for the work in hand. The 330 acces- 
 sions, during the year, indicated a strong growth 
 numerically. I. S. Long and wife began their fur- 
 lough at this time, and reinforcements to the al- 
 ready hard-pressed forces arrived, — ^J. I. Kaylor and 
 wife and Q. A. Holsopple and wife. In 1912 a board- 
 ing school was authorized and opened at Vyara, a 
 new feature for that station. E. H. Eby and family 
 and W. B. Stover and family next returned to the 
 homeland on furlough. Brother Eby's family was 
 detained because of sickness, and he did not take 
 his furlough on time. Brother Stover's were home 
 aften ten years' service, still hale and hearty, and 
 ready for service. 
 
 In the fall of 1912 Herman B. Heisey and his wife, 
 Anna Eby and S. Olive Widdowson arrived to enter 
 upon language study and mission work. 
 
 At the Conference of 1913 A. Raymond Cot- 
 trell and wife, both graduate physicians, S. Ira 
 Arnold and wife, and B. Mary Royer were approved 
 for India, and will sail about November 1, to enter 
 upon their labors. This will but reinforce the staff 
 
 164
 
 Missions In India 
 
 to try to keep territory already occupied, and does 
 not enable the mission to enlarge. 
 
 In the several stations of the India Mission, ed- 
 ucational work has assumed proportions and impor- 
 tance most desirable. The desire, on 
 Educational the part of the few natives here and 
 there, who want an education, is so 
 great that they will cast aside their castes in order 
 to receive the training; and in the village schools, 
 under the direction of Christian teachers, may be 
 seen as many as seventeen different castes. 
 
 In medical lines every station, nearly, conducts 
 
 dispensary work. Dahanu has developed a large 
 
 field of usefulness, and through this 
 
 Medical means is reaching the hearts of the 
 
 people steadily. Others are doing 
 
 well also. 
 
 Industrial work has made a splendid record in 
 the mission. Its headquarters has been at Bulsar, 
 where, under the supervision of 
 Industrial Brother Emmert, lines of carpentry, 
 
 weaving, and other industries, are 
 followed. The native is taught a trade to make a 
 living, and while learning his trade, is paying his 
 way through the school. The products do credit to 
 the industrial department, and, on the whole, find 
 a ready sale. At Vyara and Vali this industrial 
 feature is applied to farming with similar success. 
 In no avenue does mission work show itself more 
 effectual, in directly building up the church, than in 
 the Sunday-school movement. The 
 , , heathen are glad to study the Sunday- 
 
 school lesson so carefully as to take 
 
 165
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 a written examination. Sunday-school pupils be- 
 longing to the Church of the Brethren have been 
 awarded some of the first prizes given for the " All 
 India examination on the Sunday-school Lessons." 
 
 Of course each station carries on well-developed 
 and systematic evangelistic labors ; and as the na- 
 tive is instructed properly, and de- 
 Evangelistic veloped in the Christ-life to the point 
 at which the mission feels at liberty 
 to recognize his fitness, he is received into church 
 membership. Then comes the work of shepherding, 
 in a manner not understood on the home base. 
 Then it is that the mission begins to teach them the 
 " all things " so needful in their lives and character. 
 Church discipline, of necessity, must be on a differ- 
 ent basis. More teaching is required. The mission- 
 aries have a great task before them. 
 
 Besides these regular lines, some of the stations 
 give considerable attention to temperance, so need- 
 ful here as elsewhere. 
 
 The single sisters are especially adapted to carry 
 
 on work among the women, — a most important 
 
 branch of missions in India. Men 
 
 speci y press forward ; women hold back. 
 
 Situated 
 
 And only women can reach women. 
 
 So the single sister, with a Bible woman or two, 
 goes forth, visits in the homes, tells the story of re- 
 deeming love; conducts meetings especially for 
 women, and in this manner is reaching a part of 
 India that would otherwise not be touched. 
 
 In conclusion, no better view can be taken of 
 the development of the India mission, under the 
 
 166
 
 Missions In India 
 
 blessing of God, than the following table, prepared 
 by Eliza B. Miller, and appearing at the close of 
 the Annual Report of 1912. It is as follows: 
 
 
 STAFF 
 
 
 
 0) 
 
 
 (1) 
 
 ID 
 >> 
 
 
 ■a 
 
 
 
 
 
 a 
 Q 
 
 
 
 
 to 
 
 Mission 
 Station 
 
 c 
 be 
 
 'S 
 u 
 o 
 fa 
 
 3, 
 a 
 
 ++ 
 m 
 
 C 
 o 
 
 O 
 
 ■a 
 
 U3 
 
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 a 
 
 •a 
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 K 
 
 -a 
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 c 
 
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 CO 
 
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 C 
 
 ■J2 
 
 O 
 
 o 
 
 
 M 
 
 O 
 O 
 
 s: 
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 W 
 
 to 
 
 c 
 
 c 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 c 
 
 
 c 
 
 n1 
 
 .2 
 
 
 4) 
 
 0) 
 
 (1) 
 
 
 4) 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 Si 
 
 <\1 
 
 
 
 S 
 
 
 
 ■i-i 
 
 5 
 
 ■O 
 
 X! 
 
 .Q 
 
 J2 
 
 o 
 
 ta 
 
 »— » 
 
 TS 
 
 ' \ 
 
 X3 
 
 
 c! 
 
 ti 
 
 c 
 
 
 
 g 
 
 a 
 
 B 
 
 s 
 
 E 
 
 rt 
 
 o 
 
 
 o 
 
 s 
 
 
 § 
 
 ^ 
 
 § 
 
 i 
 
 3 
 m 
 
 O 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 15 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 > 
 
 
 o 
 
 a 
 
 3 
 
 2: 
 
 Bulsar 
 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 177 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 63 
 
 2 
 
 45 
 
 14 
 
 Jalalpor, . . . 
 
 
 2 
 3 
 1 
 3 
 
 2 
 30 
 
 8 
 14 
 
 1 
 
 14 
 2 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 19 
 
 5 
 
 9 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 22 
 
 429 
 
 25 
 
 98 
 
 4 
 
 120 
 
 3 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 2 
 47 
 
 25 
 
 2 
 23 
 
 1 
 
 32 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 60 
 441 
 229 
 19fi 
 
 
 
 
 Ankleshwer, . 
 
 
 
 
 Dahanu,* .. . 
 
 
 
 
 Vali (Umalla) 
 
 
 
 
 Vyara 
 
 
 1 
 
 19 
 
 2 
 
 12 
 
 1 
 
 272 
 
 lfi7 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 
 12 
 
 148 
 
 1 
 
 58 
 
 
 Vada,* 
 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 17 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 4 
 4 
 
 
 13 
 64 
 
 25 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 '2 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 10 
 
 57 
 
 98 
 
 133 
 
 
 
 
 Ahwa.t 
 
 
 
 
 Pimpalner.t 
 
 1 
 
 12 
 
 
 Totals,. . 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 113 
 
 27158 
 
 6 
 
 1125 
 
 331 
 
 49IS9I 
 
 331811 
 
 14251 
 
 4|115| 
 
 14 
 
 • These two places are yet counted in the Bulsar church, 
 t These two places are in the Vyara church organization. 
 t Sub-station means a village place where there is a village 
 school or Christian work overseen by an India Christian. 
 
 167
 
 We are more than conquorers through him that loved us. — 
 
 Romans 8: 37. 
 
 2 Tim. 2: 3 -A- good soldier of Jesus Christ. — Take 
 
 unto you the whole armour of God, that 
 
 Eph, 6: 13 ye may be able to withstand in the evil 
 
 _. 1. io day: — that thou by them mightest war a 
 
 lim. 1. lo good warfare. — They overcame him by the 
 
 Rev 12' 11 blood of the Lamb, and by the word of 
 
 their testimony; and they loved not their 
 
 lives unto the death. 
 Rev. 1 : 5, 6 Jesus . . . hath made us kings and 
 
 priests unto God and his Father. — We 
 2 Tim. 2: 12 shall also reign with him. — For he saith, 
 
 _ __ _ Are not my princes altogether kings? 
 
 lea in* n 
 
 "• " Whatsoever is born of God overcometh 
 
 the world: . . . who is he that overcometh 
 the world, but he that believeth that Jesus 
 is the Son of God? 
 
 Gen. 32: 26 28 ^ '^^"•^ "^^ let thee go, except thou bless 
 
 me. — And he said, ... as a prince hast 
 thou power with God and with men, and 
 hast prevailed. 
 
 Matt. 10: 37-39 He that loveth father or mother more 
 
 than me is not worthy of me: and he that 
 loveth son or daughter more than me is not 
 worthy of me. And he that taketh not 
 his cross, and followeth after me, is not 
 worthy of me. He that findeth his life 
 shall lose it: and he that loseth his life 
 for my sake shall find it. 
 
 2 Cor 2* 14 Now thanks be unto God, which always 
 
 causeth us to triumph in Christ: — which 
 
 1 Cor. 15: 57 giveth us the victory through our Lord 
 
 Jesus Christ. 
 
 1 John 5: 4, 5 
 
 168
 
 VIII. 
 
 Q^i00ion0 anD Cract Di0tributiott Onder 
 SDnt ^tganj^ation, 1894 to 1913 
 
 THE year 1894 not only marks the beginning of 
 the period when the Mission and Tract Work 
 were united into one organization, but also 
 the beginning of missionary activity on heathen soil. 
 The preceding chapter tells about India Missions, and 
 this one is devoted to an account of all other mission- 
 ary activities which concerned the General Mission 
 Board. 
 
 In 1892 the Conference granted permission " to 
 
 send an elder to Denmark " every three years, but 
 
 no special restrictions were thrown 
 
 Certain about the one to be selected. In 1893 
 
 o . , Annual Conference chang-ed this de- 
 
 Required . , ^, , ^ ° 
 
 cision so that no brother or sister 
 be sent to foreign countries to do missionary or 
 church w^ork without first obtaining a favorable as- 
 sent of the local District in which they live, as to 
 their qualifications ; then also obtain the consent of 
 Standing Committee and approval of Annual Meet- 
 ing." This did not seem to meet the mind of some 
 of the church, for in 1894 the following query was 
 brought before Conference: 
 
 In the grand and noble effort, now under contemplation 
 
 169
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 by the church, of extending the great Gospel work into 
 foreign mission fields for the results of which the Brother- 
 hood will be responsible, and whereas the results largely 
 depend upon the fitness of the missionaries sent, there- 
 fore will not this Annual Meeting decide that no brother 
 shall be eligible to a foreign mission field unless he has 
 had at least five years' experience in the ministry, or jiot 
 less than three years' experience in frontier mission work, 
 — "not a novice," and let these also be proved (First 
 Timothy, third chapter), and that he also is in full sym- 
 pathy with the general order of the Brotherhood on the 
 doctrine of nonconformity? 
 
 It was the year that W. B. Stover and wife and 
 
 Bertha Ryan were being considered for India. They 
 
 were young people, — inexperienced. 
 
 This decision would have been a 
 
 xpenence hard backset to the budding promise 
 
 Not Reqmred . ^,. _, .,, ,. 
 
 for India. But aside from this, the 
 
 Conference viewed the query with wisdom and an- 
 swered : 
 
 While we favor experience and proficiency on the part 
 of a missionary, we do not consider the number of years 
 that he has served in the ministry as being a matter of 
 importance, respecting his qualifications. 
 
 To the same Conference came another petition, 
 asking that a change of the decision of 1893 be made, 
 so that the consent of the bishops 
 rogress assembled at District Meeting be se- 
 
 cured, instead of the District Meeting 
 itself. This was granted, with the understanding 
 that this should not interfere with the present party 
 going to India (Art. 9, 1894). These restrictions 
 hampered the work of the General Mission Board 
 too much. Often the missionary did not offer him- 
 
 170
 
 One Organization 
 
 self until at Annual Meeting and then the consent 
 of the bishops of the District whence he came, could 
 not be secured, and the missionary had to wait an- 
 other year. In 1896 the Conference 
 
 Zf ^ . J declared that the investigation of the 
 
 Required 
 
 General Mission Board, with the pri- 
 vate recommendation of three or more bishops who 
 knew the applicant, the recommendation of the local 
 congregation and the approval of Standing 
 Committee and Annual Meeting should be suffi- 
 cient. Since that date all applicants have been 
 carefully examined by the Board from a family, ed- 
 ucational, religious, church, doctrinal and health 
 standpoint. A confidential statement is secured 
 from three or more ministers. A recommendation 
 
 of good standing in the local con- 
 A Consecration ^^^g^^j^^ .^ Qi^^^i^ed. There is an 
 
 examination by Standing Committee 
 and the approval of General Conference. At 
 the close of the missionary meeting, on Monday 
 afternoon, after the offering is lifted, the missiona- 
 ries are presented to the audience and an ardent 
 prayer of thanksgiving for the gift of money and 
 men, as well as consecration of the workers to the 
 respective fields, is offered. 
 
 At first, and for a number of years, the programs 
 
 for the Monday afternoon Missionary 
 A Program Meeting at Conference were modeled 
 
 after the following, which was given 
 at Meyersdale, Pennsylvania, in 1894: 
 
 171
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 D. Vaniman, presiding officer. 
 
 City Missions (an appeal for Washington, D. C), H, 
 C. Early. 
 
 The Foreign Field, J. C. Murray. 
 
 Duties of the District Missionary Committee, J. H. 
 Moore. 
 
 Importance of Tract Distribution, Isaac Frantz. 
 
 Giving, D. F. Stouffer. 
 
 The Collection to be conducted by Jos. Lahman. 
 
 In recent years but one speaker has addressed 
 the meeting, — usually one of the missionaries home 
 on a furlough. His address, through 
 , a reporter, appeared in the Confer- 
 
 ence report, and sometimes was is- 
 sued in pamphlet form for general distribution. 
 The Conference oflferings are an interesting study. 
 See Appendix B. 
 
 Though the consolidation of the Mission and 
 Tract Work was approved in 1893, it was thought 
 prudent not to effect the union at once. At the 
 close of Conference of 1894, all the books, tracts, 
 mortgages and funds of the Book and Tract Work 
 were turned over to the General Mission Board, 
 and shipped from Dayton, Ohio, to Mt. Morris, 111., 
 and from that date forward, Tract Distribution was 
 under the supervision of the General Mission Board. 
 
 Tract Distribution from 1894 
 Under the Book and Tract Work sisters and 
 brethren were employed to give their entire time 
 to going from city to city, to dis- 
 Tract Dis- tribute tracts in a house-to-house can- 
 
 vass. The plan had its advantages ; 
 interest was quickened, in some instances Sunday- 
 
 172
 
 One Organization 
 
 schools were started by the distributers, and now 
 and then a congregation of believers was the result, 
 in part, of tract distribution. However, in many 
 instances there being no minister to follow up the 
 tract distribution, the labor was apparently lost. 
 The Committee followed the policy of the Book and 
 Tract Work for a few years, expending $4,013.45 in 
 that time, in supporting tract distributers, and then 
 discontinued them, and sought to reinforce the min- 
 isterial side as much as possible. 
 
 It was discovered that the idea of doctrinal tracts, 
 
 peculiar to the faith of the Church of the Brethren 
 
 only, did not meet the entire demand 
 
 Larger ^^ ^^^ p^^.^ ^^ ^^^ church, and in 
 
 June, 1895, the Committee directed 
 " that we have prepared some evangelistic and doc- 
 trinal leaflets : that we have subjects announced in 
 the Gospel Messenger, and writers urged to write 
 and submit their manuscripts to the Mission Rooms ; 
 that all articles for tracts be published in the Gos- 
 pel Messenger before going to the Examining Com- 
 mittee." This announcement brought a few new 
 tracts, but the result was not what had been hoped 
 for. 
 
 Time went on. Only a comparatively few tracts 
 were offered for approval. The Examining Com- 
 mittee, always wide-awake on the 
 More racts subject of tracts, met in joint session 
 
 Sought . , , T,r- . ^ 
 
 with the Missionary Committee at 
 Conference in 1901, and the conclusion of that ses- 
 sion was that again a list of subjects should be an- 
 nounced, and if " there are not sufficient responses, 
 
 173
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 then subjects shall be assigned to different writers." 
 
 Further, " that District Boards be urged to use 
 
 tracts, and that some of our tracts be issued in 
 
 envelope size for greater convenience." 
 
 Still the results were not what was desired. For 
 
 some reason the tracts were not in demand, even 
 
 as a free gift to many churches and 
 
 -,^^"? individuals. In the latter part of 
 
 Revision ^^^^ . , . ^ , . 
 
 1906 a special committee on revision 
 
 of tracts, so as to make them appeal to general use, 
 
 was appointed. This committee advised " keeping 
 
 before the Brotherhood, for a year, the need of 
 
 tracts rewritten from the following viewpoints : 
 
 Absence of the polemical spirit. 
 
 An exhaustive study of the scriptural teaching on the 
 subject. 
 A systematic history of the church on the subject. 
 Objections. 
 Practical and spiritual values of the doctrine. 
 
 A year later the special committee reported, " No 
 progress." Another call for "new tracts on evan- 
 gelistic as well as spiritual lines " was made. An in- 
 different report was made the following year, and 
 there has not been any aggressive move in the tract 
 work since. The approved tracts are sent out as 
 calls are made. One needs but be familiar with 
 churches over the Brotherhood to know in how 
 many places tracts ordered lie in disuse under the 
 "minister's table." 
 
 For members on Tract Examining Committee and 
 term of service see Appendix C. 
 
 For a list of Tracts and Pamphlets in use in 1913, 
 see Appendix , D, 
 
 174
 
 One Organization 
 
 To Colonize Scandinavians in America 
 
 One of the most perplexing problems that con- 
 fronted the General Mission Board, through all the 
 years, was the loss of members in 
 
 _ .^ . Denmark and Sweden through emi- 
 
 Enugration a • rr-, r 
 
 gration to America. The laws of 
 
 both countries required all young men reaching 
 their majority to learn the art of war. The anti-war 
 principles of the church, heartily endorsed by the 
 young brethren in these countries, placed them in 
 such a difficulty that the easiest way out was to 
 come to America,-^the land free from such require- 
 ment. As a consequence, many of the young sis- 
 ters, seeking companionship of those of like pre- 
 cious faith, and also to better themselves in other 
 ways, also came; so that, while the number of bap- 
 tisms should and would indicate a large church in 
 Denmark and Sweden, the membership was small 
 instead. 
 
 When these Scandinavian members came to 
 
 America, — instead of falling in with the members 
 
 of the Church of the Brethren with 
 
 o oniz 10 whom they could not speak, — they 
 
 Approved , ^ ' ■' 
 
 went to the people of their own na- 
 tionality and were, in many instances, lost to the 
 church. After considerable study on this question, 
 the Board asked Annual Meeting of 1894 to consider 
 the following plan, to try to save to the church the 
 members who migrated from Europe to America : 
 
 Decided to recommend to Standing Committee the plan 
 of colonization of Scandinavians in America and have a 
 committee of three appointed to carry it out. 
 
 175
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 1. That the Committee does favor a colony of Scandi- 
 navian members in America. 
 
 2. That before being organized they sustain the same 
 relation to the congregation in which they are located 
 as other members. 
 
 3. That the colony, w^hen organized into a congrega- 
 tion, hold the same relation to adjoining congregations, 
 to the District in which they are, and to the Annual Meet- 
 ing, as other congregations hold. 
 
 4. That we recommend all Scandinavian members, emi- 
 grating to America, to locate in such colony. 
 
 5. That if needed we will give, through District Mis- 
 sion Board, a reasonable amount for the support of a 
 minister among them. 
 
 "The plan and project proposed was approved" 
 and the Board authorized to carry it out according 
 to their best judgment (" Annual Meeting Minutes," 
 pages 607 and 608). 
 
 Through correspondence, D. L. Miller, C. Hope, 
 
 S. W. Hoover and another brother were appointed 
 
 to visit localities along the Great 
 
 Problem Not Northern Railroad in North Dakota. 
 Solved 
 
 Nearly a week was spent on the trip, 
 
 and a report was made to the meeting of the Board 
 in September, 1894. The question was not settled 
 and another committee was appointed to visit pros- 
 pective locations in the vicinity of Norfolk, Virginia. 
 But the more the Board comprehended what they 
 were undertaking, the less did it think that colo- 
 nization would solve the problem and finally, in Oc- 
 tober, 1895, the plan of colonization was deferred 
 indefinitely. 
 
 In recent years a few young brethren in Sweden 
 
 176
 
 One Organization 
 
 have had the Christian fortitude to endure confine- 
 ment in prison for Christ's sake. 
 
 T, . This has had a good effect. Still the 
 
 Prison . . . ° 
 
 situation remains a perplexing one. 
 
 Assistance in Building Meetinghouses 
 
 From the beginning assistance in building meet- 
 inghouses, while not taking much of 
 
 Meetinghouses ^^'^ ^°^^^'^ ^^"^^' ^^^ ^" important 
 part of their work. 
 
 At the meeting of the Board on May 24, 1894, the 
 following rules were adopted regulating the secur- 
 ing of help to build meetinghouses in congregations 
 needing the assistance: 
 
 1. Every congregation should endeavor, by effort 
 within itself, or by calling upon the District Mis- 
 sion Board, to build its house of worship ; and when 
 aid is needed, the smallest sum that will meet the 
 case should be asked for. 
 
 2. In making application the following particu- 
 lars should be included : 
 
 (a) The number of members and the average at- 
 tendance at public worship. 
 
 (b) Other denominations and the size of their 
 congregations, in the immediate neighborhood. 
 
 (c) The nature of the business in the community, 
 the character and condition of the people, and 
 whether the population is increasing, stationary or 
 decreasing. 
 
 (d) The proposed size and cost of the house. 
 
 (e) The amount raised by the congregation. 
 
 (f) In case of donation, a statement that the con- 
 
 177
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 gregation agrees to contribute, at least once each 
 year, to the General Mission Fund as the Lord has 
 prospered him. 
 
 3. All petitions for help, either by donation or 
 loan, coming from an organized church must be en- 
 dorsed by the District Mission Board before it will 
 be entertained by the Board. 
 
 In 1903 the above plan was so modified that no 
 longer donations would be given to churches, but 
 
 loans can be made, without interest. 
 Loans Only on , , , i • 4. n 
 
 _. _. and payable on easy annual mstall- 
 
 Easy Terms ^ -^ , -^ , , . . , 
 
 ments, and a perpetual loanmg fund 
 
 for building meetinghouses was established. Since 
 1885 a large number of congregations have been as- 
 sisted to build their places of worship. The com- 
 plete list to date is found in Appendix E. 
 
 In 1894 the city mission work of Chicago, Illi- 
 nois, came under the supervision of the General 
 Mission Board, and a brief account is here given, 
 until it was again returned to its State District- 
 
 The Chicago Mission 
 
 January 31, 1885, J. G. Royer and D. L. Miller, 
 then a lay-member and editor of the Gospel Mes- 
 senger, held the first meeting of the 
 The Beginning Church of the Brethren at 3500 State 
 Street, in Chicago. Including the 
 minister, there were twelve persons in attendance. 
 At this meeting it was ascertained that fourteen 
 members were living within the city limits, though 
 scattered over a large territory. In order to accom- 
 modate as many of them as possible with meetings, 
 
 178
 
 One Organization 
 
 it was decided to hold the forenoon meetings at 3500 
 
 State Street and the evening meetings at 900 West 
 
 Madison Street, — the former on the South Side and 
 
 the latter on the West Side of Chicago. 
 
 Within a year after this beginning, a dark cloud, 
 
 through " false brethren," fell upon the scattered 
 
 flock and almost brought it to nought. 
 Dark Clouds td, r ,. u j 
 
 R • ht D Jrlaces of meetmg were changed, 
 
 bright days followed in time ; then 
 further reverses until the meetings were held in a 
 basement on West Lake Street. Thus the cause 
 struggled feebly onward until it was decided to bury 
 all the troubles and differences of the past by hold- 
 ing a love feast on August 19, 1888, at the mission 
 room on East Adams Street. Nine brethren and five 
 sisters sat down at the Lord's table, — the first love 
 feast held by the Church of the Brethren in Chicago. 
 The time had come for an organization, it was 
 thought, and so, on March 23, 1889, D. E. Price, 
 Daniel Dierdorff and J. G. Royer met 
 Organization with the members at Oakley Av- 
 enue and Jackson Boulevard and or- 
 ganized the First Brethren Church in Chicago. 
 Twenty-two letters were read and these persons be- 
 came charter members of the organization. W. R. 
 Miller and Nathan Spare were elected to the dea- 
 con's office and J. G. Royer was chosen bishop of 
 the congregation. Brother Royer continued having 
 the oversight of the congregation till 1895. On 
 June 22, 1889, W. R. Miller was called to the min- 
 istry. 
 
 The mission progressed slowly; all the workers 
 
 179
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 within reach helped according to their abihty; about 
 
 this time Northern District of lUinois 
 g^^*j^''°P^'"*y bought the Hastings Street church 
 
 property for $2,500, thus giving a 
 permanent home for the believers. Alice J. Boone 
 took a deep interest among the children and was ac- 
 complishing good results. In May, 1893, she came 
 before the General Mission Board and told of the 
 needs of mission work in the city. But it was the 
 mind of the Board that, since Chicago was within 
 the jurisdiction of an organized District, all it could 
 do, at the time, was to express sympathy for her in 
 her work, and ask " God to sustain her and make her 
 work a success" (Board's Minutes, 1893, p. 132). 
 A year later, " at the request of the Mission Board 
 of Northern Illinois," it was decided " to accept 
 
 Chicago as a charge of this Commit- 
 Under the ^^^ assured W. R. Miller, the ap- 
 General Board . . 
 
 pointed missionary of Chicago, that 
 
 this Committee will support him until the next 
 meeting." Thus the Chicago mission came under 
 the supervision of the General Mission Board. Alice 
 J. Boone, whose work for a number of years had 
 been effectual, was continued in charge of the Chil- 
 dren's Mission. 
 
 The following September the Board planned a 
 vigorous campaign. It appointed J. G. Royer and 
 
 D. L. Miller to represent it, and asked 
 Vigorous |.j^g Chicago church to appoint a 
 
 third, and these three should be a 
 " committee to take charge of the Chicago Chil- 
 dren's Mission." Alice J. Boone and Lizzie Howe 
 
 180
 
 One Organization 
 
 were appointed " to look after the interests of the 
 special mission in Chicago " and " money donated 
 to the Chicago Children's Mission was to be sent 
 direct to the treasurer appointed in Chicago, and to 
 be used exclusively there." During the ensuing 
 year a series of meetings was held and seven con- 
 fessed Christ. The outlook was promising and the 
 need of a better church home seemed imperative. 
 On June 6, 1895, Sisters Boone and Howe, and Bro- 
 ther W. R. Miller came before the General Mission 
 Board at its meeting held in Decatur, Illinois, and 
 the conclusion reached at this Conference was that 
 the three members from Chicago were " authorized 
 to raise by subscription $10,000 to build a new meet- 
 inghouse in Chicago, in which there will be rooms 
 for a dispensary, mission, school-rooms, etc." Sis- 
 ter Howe was made treasurer of the Children's Mis- 
 sion and summer vacations were arranged for. 
 
 In May, 1896, Sister Boone withdrew from the 
 mission. Elizabeth Howe was placed in charge, and 
 
 Susie Forney appointed her assistant. 
 Some Changes The membership was increasing and 
 
 the work growing. In order to di- 
 rect the work more readily, the Executive Commit- 
 tee of the General Mission Board, — a sub-committee 
 then in existence, — was given supervision of the 
 Children's Mission. Additional workers were 
 added. 
 
 In the meantime a dispensary, opened in a small 
 way at first, had rapidly grown under the manage- 
 ment of Dr. G. H. Van Dyke, who had located in 
 Chicago on July 1, 1897. Through patient labors 
 
 181
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 the months passed into years until, in 1899, Sister 
 Howe, feeling she would like more preparation in 
 
 Bible School, asked to be relieved of 
 Dispensary j^^ position. Susie Forney succeeded 
 
 her. 
 
 The need of better facilities was very apparent 
 and a committee, consisting of D. L. Miller, S. F. 
 Sanger and W. R. Miller, was appointed to provide, 
 
 either by purchase or erection, such 
 Anot er top- pj^pej-^y ^^d accommodations as they 
 erty Bought , , , , /tvt- . <■ -r, j 
 
 thought best (Mmutes of Board, 
 
 page 230, 1900). The Committee purchased the 
 dwelling-house next to the church for $3,000 and 
 ordered $600 worth of improvements to be made. 
 In this was placed the dispensary at the front, Dr. 
 Van Dyke in charge. His family lived up stairs, 
 while several rooms were for other use. W. R. Mil- 
 ler's report of conditions in Chicago, at this time, 
 was encouraging. Dr. Van Dyke, a hard worker 
 before, put still greater enthusiasm in his work. 
 
 In 1901 the churchhouse at 183 Hastings Street 
 was remodeled and improved, to meet the needs of 
 a rapidly-growing Sunday-school, 
 Growth now averaging 129, and a church at- 
 
 tendance of 46. The dispensary, that 
 year, issued 3,418 different prescriptions, and Dr. 
 Van Dyke's work, in connection with the church, 
 was helpful. The next year, through the agitation 
 of Ralph W. Miller, a Brethren's Young People's 
 Union was organized, similar, in purport, to the aim 
 of the Christian Workers' organization authorized 
 by Annual Meeting in 1903. The Sunday-school 
 
 182
 
 One Organization 
 
 at Hastings Street, in comparison with other 
 schools in the Brotherhood, stood " fifteenth in en- 
 rollment, fifth in total collection, third in mission 
 money, and, in the District of Northern Illinois, 
 second in enrollment, third in gross receipts, and 
 fourth in missionary money." 
 
 Prompted by his great love for boys and girls in 
 Chicago, Millard R. Alyers, through patient agita- 
 tion and persistent solicitation 
 Extension ^i o j 1111 r 
 
 Sunday-school ^"^°"& ^"^ Sunday-school scholars of 
 the Brotherhood, with the assistance 
 of consecrated workers in Chicago, was permitted 
 to see opened, on May 10, 1903, the first Exten- 
 sion Sunday-school. At first it began in Fraternity 
 Hall, 225 East Sixty-fourth Street, but later was 
 moved to 259^ East Sixty-fourth Street. It was 
 organized with H. P. Albaugh as superintendent, 
 and there were eight scholars from the community 
 to form the nucleus of the Extension movement. 
 But the school grew under the efficient efforts of 
 Ella Miller, of Nappanee, Indiana, and M. W. Em- 
 mert, of Mt. Morris, Illinois, the latter in attend- 
 ance at the University of Chicago at the time, so 
 that, in less than a year, the enrollment was 75 and 
 the average attendance 40. Industrial work was a 
 feature of the mission school, and very helpful. 
 This is the beginning of a movement in behalf of 
 the children of Chicago that is still doing good 
 work. Though under the direction of the Chicago 
 church, the General Mission Board has been extend- 
 ing the privilege of soliciting the Sunday-schools 
 of the Brotherhood for financial help. 
 
 183
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 In glancing over this part of the life of the Church 
 of the Brethren in Chicago, one should not overlook 
 , the short periods of service, about a 
 
 Workers ^^^^ each, rendered by several who 
 
 Labored Here afterwards entered foreign lands. 
 Bertha Ryan Shirk was first; then 
 Mary N. Quinter, and later Gertrude Rowland E'm- 
 mert. These are held in precious memory by those 
 in Chicago who came under their influence while 
 there. To this should be added a fourth, Cora 
 Cripe Brubaker. Her period of service extends from 
 December 20, 1895, to July 26, 1905. During that 
 time she labored as assistant a little over five years, 
 and from October 1, 1901, to the end of her service, 
 in charge of the work. 
 
 On May 30, 1904, the General Mission Board of- 
 fered to turn the whole Chicago mission interests, 
 including dispensary, property and 
 A Transfer all, to the Chicago church in consid- 
 eration of the payment of $3,722.36 
 endowment which the Board had invested in the 
 property. The proposition was accepted and soon 
 after this date the Chicago church returned to the 
 direct supervision of the District, the same as any 
 other congregation, and its further interesting his- 
 tory belongs to the history of missionary endeavor 
 by the Northern District of Illinois. 
 
 Chicago, like all cities, is a field In which there 
 is much need of work. None know it so well as 
 those who have lived there. Perhaps none have 
 labored harder, and made more sacrifices for the 
 cause than the members of metropolitan churches, and 
 
 184
 
 One Organization 
 
 as long as the Extension movement makes appeals 
 to the Sunday-schools of the Brotherhood for help 
 
 and it is sent, so long will this church, 
 Fraying tor struggling against the combined foes 
 
 of righteousness, have the prayers of 
 the Brotherhood. 
 
 About 1894 one, E. Bombay Edwards, ap- 
 peared in the missionary activities of the church 
 
 on the home base. He had been a 
 one rom ^ missionary in India for a number of 
 India Helping ;; ^u u ^ tj 
 
 years, under another board, lie came 
 
 to the Church of the Brethren in order to follow the 
 Lord more fully, and, after uniting, he wrote sev- 
 eral good tracts, one, in particular, " Triune Argu- 
 ment for Trine Immersion." Knowing India as he 
 did, he traveled somewhat in company with Brother 
 Stover, to develop sentiment in favor of the pro- 
 posed new mission. Thus he labored among the 
 churches for more than a year. Finally, in 1895, 
 the General Mission Board ordered the following 
 to be published in the Gospel Messenger, "Because 
 of wrong impressions, the Brotherhood is informed 
 that E. Bombay Edwards was not authorized by 
 the General Mission Board to lecture in behalf of 
 the India Mission." Soon after this he disappeared 
 from the associations of the membership. 
 
 In 1894, at the Meyersdale, Pennsylvania, Con- 
 ference, W. B. Stover and his wife, Mary, and Bertha 
 Ryan, were approved as mission- 
 
 ., , aries to India, while D. L. Miller 
 
 Abroad . 
 
 and his wife were endorsed, by unani- 
 mous consent, to visit the churches in Denmark and 
 Sweden. 
 
 185
 
 ■ Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 In 1894 the General Mission Board decided to be- 
 gin the erection of a meetinghouse in Washington, 
 District of Columbia, and the account of that mission 
 properly falls in place here. 
 
 Washington, D. C, Mission 
 
 The early history of each city mission has much 
 
 that will always be unwritten on earth. Members 
 
 „. . locate in the city, appeal to some of 
 How Missions ,, • r • • ^ r 
 
 g .jj their former ministers for preaching, 
 
 and the preacher with a missionary 
 heart visits them, perhaps holds meetings in a pri- 
 vate home or a rented hall. Hearts are warmed and 
 stirred, and a mission is begun. It began without 
 the direction of any organization except the Great 
 Organizer, the Holy Spirit, and the mission grew, 
 perhaps very slowly at first, until it was needful 
 that some one supervise and help it, and then it came 
 under the care of some organization. 
 
 Not unlike the foregoing did the work in Wash- 
 ington begin. S. H. Myers, of Timberville, Vir- 
 ginia, whose heart always reached 
 
 Disappoin - beyond ordinary metes and bounds 
 ment . ,. . -^ „ 
 
 m evangelistic efltort, took an inter- 
 est in the Washington, D. C., work. What pre- 
 ceded the Board's action, in January, 1893, was not 
 committed to record, but the decision at this time 
 reflects disappointment, as well as a determination 
 to withdraw from the city. This is the significant 
 
 186
 
 One Organization 
 
 record: "That since the number of members in 
 the Washington City mission is not what was ex- 
 pected, the expense much higher than was antici- 
 pated, and the location of the missionary was done 
 without the confirmation of the Board, we discon- 
 tinue the work for the present, and, in addition to 
 the monthly allowance, pay Brother Lyon's moving 
 expenses to his former residence." It was stated 
 in a notice, appearing soon after in the Gospel Messen- 
 ger, "In closing this work, the Board does not wish 
 to reflect on any person connected with the mis- 
 sion. 
 
 The action, however, seems not to have done jus- 
 tice to Wm. Lyon, the missionary who had located 
 there with the understanding that he 
 Reconsidera- ^^^^^ ^^ supported one year. (This 
 
 agreement, apparently, had been en- 
 tered into on the part of the Board by S. H. Myers 
 and had not been reported.) Some eight bishops 
 from Maryland and Virginia came before the Board 
 and, after prayerful reconsideration, it was decided 
 to carry out the year's contract. Eastern Maryland 
 was asked "to take charge of the mission." This 
 reconsideration was a good one, for at the end of 
 the year the General Mission Board decided to con- 
 tinue the mission under the care of Wm. Lyon. At 
 the end of the fiscal year, March 31, 1894, the Board 
 reported to Conference that for ten months' service 
 Brother Lyon had been rewarded with four bap- 
 tisms, that an average attendance of twenty-seven 
 had worshiped in the mission, and that there were 
 twenty-four members in the city. 
 
 187
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 At the April, 1894, meeting the Board "decided to 
 appropriate $500 towards building a meetinghouse 
 there, provided sufficient funds could 
 Providing a ^^ ^^-^^^ ^^ complete it." For this 
 Meeting- 
 house purpose a call w^as made through the 
 
 Gospel Messenger. Wm. Lyon also 
 made a proposition, w^hich was accepted by the 
 Board, It is as follows : '"'I am willing to work in the 
 capacity of a colporter and give one-half the profits 
 accruing therefrom to the support of the mission, 
 provided that the Board agree still to pay the actual 
 expenses of the mission, as heretofore, after deduct- 
 ing one-half the profits as named above, also con- 
 tributions, etc., and that the Board decide further 
 to have me continue in city missions as long as I 
 render satisfaction." During the summer the be- 
 lievers were organized, twenty-six letters being read, 
 and these became charter members of the Washington 
 City congregation. 
 
 It is with regret that, on February 11, 1896, not 
 one year after the former action of the Board, the 
 record indicates dissatisfaction. 
 Resignation Brother Lyon's resignation was ac- 
 cepted. The Board allowed him 
 proper remuneration to return from the field to his 
 home, and expressed its "appreciation for the spirit 
 manifested in his letter of resignation." 
 
 In May, 1896, Albert HolUnger and family lo- 
 cated in Washington and he became the missionary. 
 In September following. Sister Westergreen, then 
 Carrie Anderson, was appointed Tract worker and 
 assistant, and a committee was appointed to go to 
 
 188
 
 One Organization 
 
 Washington, to see what could be done towards pur- 
 chasing a site for a meetinghouse. In February, 
 
 1897, this special committee reported 
 Lot Purchased that a lot on the corner of Fourth 
 
 and North Carolina Avenue, S. E., 
 costing $6,000, had been secured. It was decided to 
 raise by donations $5,000 towards putting up a 
 meetinghouse and parsonage. At the time of this 
 decision, the lot purchased lacked about a thousand 
 dollars of being paid for. But the Board had confi- 
 dence in the Brotherhood's support and went ahead. 
 That confidence was not misplaced. 
 
 At the same meeting " Albert Hollinger, with 
 such assistance as the congregation at Washington 
 
 selected," was made the building 
 
 ui ing committee and plans for the pro- 
 
 Committee ^ A ^u 
 
 posed house were approved. i he 
 
 building committee consisted of Albert Hollinger, A. 
 B. Barnhart, S. F. Sanger and M. C. Flohr. An active 
 campaign of soliciting began at once, Brother Hollin- 
 ger working in Virginia, Maryland and Pennsyl- 
 vania, while the other territory was under the di- 
 rection of the Mission Rooms. Taken from the An- 
 nual Report, in totals, this is how the money was 
 raised : 
 
 Donations for year ending March, 1896, $1,697.77 
 
 Donations for year ending March, 1897, 3,114.73 
 
 Donations for year ending March, 1898, 1,826.11 
 
 $6,638.61 
 189
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 Lot purchased, $6,000.00 
 
 Deed and expenses therewith, 77.64 
 
 Taxes, 39.14 
 
 Solicitor's expenses, 55.16 
 
 Total expense, $6,171.94 
 
 Balance on hand towards house, $ 466.67 
 
 Donations for year ending March, 1899, 3,642.26 
 
 Donations for year ending March, 1900, 4,166.39 
 
 Returned from Washington, 168.86 
 
 $8,444.18 
 
 Building $6,147.70 
 
 Labor, 3,277.92 
 
 Taxes, 208.32 
 
 Expense of solicitors, 86.45 
 
 Committee's expenses 219.11 $9,939.50 
 
 Indebtedness, $1,495.32 
 
 In about two years the indebtedness was cancelled. 
 
 In May, 1898, "51 feet off the North Carolina Ave- 
 nue front was ordered sold for $1,400," and the erec- 
 tion of the church edifice was ordered to begin at 
 once. 
 
 In the 1899 report of the General Mission Board 
 appears this statement : " Special mention is due 
 In Care of the Mission Board of Eastern Mary- 
 Eastern Mary- land, now caring for the Washing- 
 land ton, D. C. Mission. Under their gen- 
 eral supervision and the earnest efforts of those at 
 Washington, the work is progressing," 
 
 The General Mission Board continued a financial 
 help to the mission, however. In the erection of 
 
 190
 
 One Organization 
 
 the church edifice, it was contemplated that at some 
 time a parsonage would be added. In May, 1902, 
 this much needed improvement was 
 arsonage ordered, not to cost over $3,000, and 
 
 to be constructed under the super- 
 vision of A. B. Barnhart, of Hagerstown, Mary- 
 land. He succeeded well, for a suitable building 
 was erected at a cost of a little less than $2,500. The 
 congregation grew strong enough, numerically, to 
 help bear the burden of the property in taxes and 
 repairs, and finally assumed the obligation of $3,250 
 in endowment, which the Board had invested in en- 
 dowment, and is paying that ofT. 
 
 No congregation in the Brotherhood has a more 
 important place to witness for Christ than the mem- 
 bers in the capital of our land. The 
 Place membership are earnest, faithful and 
 
 true, and the Brotherhood rejoices 
 in their comfortable place of worship and loyalty 
 to Christ. 
 
 Gish Testament Fund 
 
 No one felt more keenly the need of Bible dis- 
 tribution in out-of-the-way places than did James 
 R. Gish, whose later years were spent 
 A Great Need in evangelistic work in the southern 
 part of the Brotherhood, especially 
 in Missouri and Arkansas. He wanted evangelists 
 to locate and build up the cause where the language 
 was known, and offered $25 cash for every one 
 whom the General Mission Board would locate in 
 that territory. In addition he presented to the 
 
 191
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 Board, at its meeting of April, 1894, the plan where- 
 by Bibles could be circulated at cost. He gave $100 
 to buy cheap Bibles, and asked the Board to resell 
 them at just what they cost; reinvest the money 
 
 and thus perpetuate the fund. Later 
 Unique Book he gave the Board $1,000 in cash to 
 
 publish what became generally 
 known as the Gish Testament, a unique and useful 
 book used by many ministers and others. The fund 
 is largely intact, and the Testament has run through 
 many editions. Special editions have been made for 
 other denominations and associations. 
 
 It was recorded in sadness, in the early part of 
 1895, that S. W. Hoover, a member of the General 
 
 Mission Board, suddenly died. He 
 
 ' ■ ," had been in usual health, very active 
 ver s Death . . 
 
 m the Board meeting held at Bridge- 
 water, Virginia, in February, and was called home 
 before the Board met again. In the May meeting 
 suitable resolutions were passed. He was the only 
 one who died while in the service of the Brother- 
 hood as a member of the General Mission Board. 
 Isaac Frantz was chosen tO' complete his term. 
 
 The problem of missions was not all on the for- 
 eign field. Members on the home base were moving 
 
 „. ,,. . into the cities, where there were no 
 City Mission ^. . . -r, ., a 
 
 p, congregations of the Brethren. A 
 
 mission was established ; the minis- 
 ter was not able to support himself as had been the 
 rule in the rural districts. In 1894 a query, asking 
 for a plan for city missions, was referred to the Gen- 
 eral Mission Board to answer, and in 1895 the fol- 
 lowing was oflfered and adopted : 
 
 192
 
 One Organization 
 
 1. City missions should be placed in charge of exemplary 
 ministers, who are able and willing to teach and maintain 
 the doctrines and practices of the church. 
 
 2. They must be men who understand the character and 
 wants of city missions, and can adapt themselves to that 
 class of work. 
 
 3. In order that they may give the work their entire 
 time and attention, it is necessary that they receive a rea- 
 sonable support. 
 
 4. State Mission Boards are hereby authorized and urged 
 to establish missions in cities where there are favorable 
 openings, and sustain them in accordance with the above 
 provisions. 
 
 5. State Boards that can not raise, or devise ways for 
 raising, what is needed to maintain such missions, may 
 apply to the General Mission Board for assistance. 
 
 6. City missions, thus established and maintained, must 
 sustain the same relation to the respective Districts as 
 other congregations, and should be urged to become self- 
 supporting as soon as practicable. 
 
 Asia Minor Mission 
 
 The earliest recorded interest by the Church of 
 the Brethren in a mission in Asia Minor is the fol- 
 lowing decision, made by the General 
 Earliest Record Mission Board at its meeting on Feb- 
 ruary 4, 1895, " The Board decided to 
 send a missionary to Asia Minor as soon as a suit- 
 able one can be found and funds raised to support 
 the work." In December previous to this meeting, 
 G. J. Fercken and family had arrived in Mt. Morris, 
 Ilhnois, and had been received into fellowship with 
 the Brethren by baptism. Brother Fercken was liv- 
 ing in Mt. Morris, spending much time in the Mis- 
 sion Rooms, partly in clerical work, partly in read- 
 ing. 
 
 193
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 Several years before D. L. Miller had toured 
 Asia Minor, and in 1894 published his "Seven 
 
 Churches of Asia." This laid a splen- 
 The . 
 
 „ . . did foundation for missionary inter- 
 
 Beginmng ^ a .u -a t • • • 
 
 est, and the idea of opening a mission 
 
 in Asia Minor at this time grew rapidly in favor. 
 Brother Fercken appeared to be the logical one to 
 send. At the Conference of 1895 G. J. Fercken was 
 approved and he at once planned to sail for Smyr- 
 na, Asia Minor. That same fall D. L. Miller and 
 wife started on their world tour, visited Smyrna 
 and made their report. In the meantime the Secre- 
 tary used his best judgment in directing the opening 
 of the mission. Brother Fercken was a frequent 
 writer for the Gospel Messenger, sometimes dis- 
 cussing general questions of religion in Europe, at 
 other times relating touching incidents of the mis- 
 sion. In February, 1896, the Secretary reported 
 progress, and he was instructed to secure an item- 
 ized statement of expenditures up to this time. 
 Concerning the opening of this mission an extract 
 from the Board's Annual Report to the Conference 
 of 1896 will be of interest: 
 
 One year ago. it was decided to open a mission at 
 Smyrna, Asia Minor. G. J. Fercken and wife, the mis- 
 sionaries appointed, reached their field of labor July 13, 
 1895. In September D. L. Miller and wife, H. B. Brum- 
 baugh, T. T. Myers, and W. L. Bingaman, visited the mis- 
 sion, and on September 29 the first love feast was held. 
 Seven persons sat around the table of the Lord, and sev- 
 eral Greeks were present at the services. Previous to 
 the feast, G. J. Fercken was ordained to the bishopric, 
 D. L. Miller and H. B. Brumbaugh laying on hands. The 
 first baptism was administered October 17, 1895, and on 
 
 194
 
 One Organization 
 
 April 15, 1896, there had been nine received into the 
 church, — five from the Greek, three from the Armenian, 
 and one from the au-Armeno-Protestant faith. On Jan- 
 uary 26 the First Church of the Brethren was organized. 
 At this meeting one deacon was elected and an evangelist 
 duly appointed. At the second feast, held April 2, eleven 
 communed. 
 
 At the meeting of the Board, on May 18, 1896, 
 " Brother Apikian was accepted as a worker, and 
 , two Turkish pounds per month al- 
 
 TT lowed for his support. Brother 
 
 Fercken was granted permission to 
 rent a Brethren's home, the annual expense of which 
 should not exceed seventy-five Turkish pounds per 
 year for janitor fees, fuel, light and rent. That 
 Brother Fercken be granted permission to start an 
 Orphanage, the number to be received to be regu- 
 lated by the number whose support is pledged. The 
 basis of support was $30 per annum. Brother Ferck- 
 en's support was made $850 per year, including 
 house rent." 
 
 The Brotherhood leaped to the opportunity of 
 
 helping to develop the Orphanage. In the next year 
 
 $3,036.99 was donated for this pur- 
 
 ti/?i o J. J pose, of which amount $350 was used 
 
 Well Supported ^ ' . , , ^^ , , 
 
 to furnish the Home for the orphans, 
 
 and $897.25 for the support of orphans and their in- 
 struction. The growth of the work pleased the Board 
 and a letter of greeting was ordered prepared in 
 its name, to be sent to Brother Fercken. In May 
 following Brother Yereman appeared in the history 
 of the mission as a worker whose support was made 
 four Turkish pounds per month. Brother Fercken 
 
 195
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 was instructed " to rent the Home another year, 
 and look up rights and title to property, that he 
 may change location, if he deems best, but not to 
 increase the expense over ten pounds per year." 
 
 A new location was selected and occupied. The 
 activity of the mission attracted attention, — atten- 
 tion of friends who rendered more or less assist- 
 ance, — attention of others who grew 
 
 Attracted r ,, r i.t- • • 
 
 .^^ . envious of the success of the mission, 
 
 Attention . . . ' 
 
 and began to instigate persecution. 
 During the year just then completed eight had 
 been received into the church. A congregation 
 was organized at Aidin and a mission opened in 
 Philadelphia. Sixteen had been received by bap- 
 tism during the year ending April 1, 1898. 
 
 All this prosperity hastened a climax in trouble. 
 
 The Annual Report to Conference 
 Persecution of 1899 thus speaks of what had 
 
 transpired: 
 
 The dark cloud of persecution, which fell upon the con- 
 secrated and energetic efforts of G. J. Fercken at Smyrna, 
 is recorded in sadness. So bright with promise, so richly 
 blessed in every way, it is hard to understand why the 
 work of saving souls should be brought so abruptly to a 
 close. Brother Fercken sowed the seed thoroughly and 
 the gathering called forth the bitterness of the enemy. 
 D. L. Miller writes in a recent letter that he has little 
 hopes of reestablishing the Orphanage, as the Sultan has 
 given orders to watch all American Orphanages and eject 
 any workers who seem to be successful.' 
 
 Concerning this situation, the record of the Board 
 on August 8, 1898, is of interest: "To Brother 
 Fercken: We express our deep sympathy for you in 
 your recent persecution, for we do not entertain a 
 
 196
 
 One Organization 
 
 thought of guilt on your part, as charged. May the 
 Lord help you to bear up under it most patiently, 
 feeling that all things will work to- 
 Deep Sympathy gether for good to them who trust 
 in the Lord." It was further de- 
 cided that "because of the complications and persecu- 
 tion which Brother Fercken has met, in his work 
 in the Asia Minor mission, necessitating his leaving 
 the field, we decide that the Asia Minor mission 
 be placed in charge of D. L. Miller; that we appro- 
 priate $150 to have Brother Fercken meet Brother 
 Miller at Bremen, Germany." At the meeting in 
 October the Board again "extends sympathy and 
 prayers in Brother Fercken's behalf, in his present 
 trouble." After hearing Brother Miller's report 
 at the meeting of January 10, 1899, the Board de- 
 cided, " after prayerful consideration, to continue 
 the work in Smyrna, both mission and Orphanage, 
 as the Lord opens the way." This action, however, 
 meant that Brother Fercken was no longer on the 
 field, and that a new worker would have to be se- 
 cured. The missionary was not selected and at the 
 meeting of May 15, 1899, Brother Miller was re- 
 lieved of the charge of the mission. 
 
 On September 12, 1899, Brother Miller made a 
 full written report of the situation at Smyrna. The 
 
 ^ Board passed the following resolu- 
 
 FuU Written ^. ^ . ^, ^ -n t 
 
 n . tion concernmg the same: D. L. 
 
 Miller made a complete report of the 
 charges preferred against G. J. Fercken at Smyrna. 
 The report, which reveals a thorough investiga- 
 tion and impartial presentation, is accepted, and the 
 
 197
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 Board hereby extends its hearty thanks for his inde- 
 fatigable and efficient labors, and orders the papers 
 to be carefully filed. After hearing the entire 
 report, the Board again declares its full conviction 
 of Brother Fercken's innocence, and directs the 
 Secretary to inform the American Missionaries in 
 Smyrna of this conclusion, and to send a copy of 
 this minute, with a letter of fraternal greeting, to 
 Brother Fercken." It might be explained that one 
 of the serious charges against Brother Fercken, 
 brought by missionaries of other denominations, 
 was immorality. In addition to the above minute, 
 the following appeared in the Gospel Messenger of 
 October 30, 1899: 
 
 Having investigated the charges made against Brother 
 Fercken, we most unhesitatingly declare our full belief in 
 his innocence. We express our esteem for and our full 
 confidence in our brother, w^ho has been brought to suffer 
 so much for the cause he loves and for which he made such 
 great sacrifices. His success brought envy and ill will, 
 but the right will triumph in the end. Our hope and 
 prayer is that our brother may be sustained by the grace 
 of God, and in the end come ofif more than conqueror 
 through him who loved us and died for us all. 
 
 Signed, J. H. Moore, 
 W. E. Roop, 
 May B. Oiler, 
 Lizzie Miller, 
 D. L. Miller. 
 
 It Vvas decided to send American missionaries to 
 the station as soon as they could be secured. At 
 
 198
 
 One Organization 
 
 this time the following native workers were receiving 
 
 support: Heracles, £4 per month; Athanasius, £2 
 
 per month ; Chirighotis, £ 1 per month ; 
 
 Other Produmos, £2 per month: rent per 
 
 Workers ^ c pio 4. ^ tdu-i 
 
 year, at bmyrna, £12; rent at Phil- 
 adelphia, £9 per year. 
 
 The Board sought for a suitable worker for this 
 difficult field, but found him not. The membership 
 
 were holding together as best they 
 
 Without a 1^ T^u 13 ^^ a- 
 
 -,. . could, ihe Board was spendmg no 
 
 Missioneury ... ° 
 
 funds on the mission, save for rents 
 
 at the two stations. Demetrius Chirighotis was 
 looked upon as the head of the mission, and did the 
 correspondence with the Board. Thus matters pro- 
 gressed until April 29, 1902, when Chirighotis was 
 encouraged to come to America, to become better 
 acquainted with the church, and was allowed $100 
 towards his expenses. In a short time he landed, 
 came to Mt. Morris, Illinois, spent some time in 
 school there and was in this country about two 
 years. 
 
 In August, 1904, upon Brother Chirighotis' return, 
 
 the Board appropriated $600 towards a year's sup- 
 
 . port, upon the understanding that he 
 
 Not Justified ^^^^ ^° shepherd the flock for one 
 year. Some correspondence dur- 
 ing the year was had with Brother Chiri- 
 ghotis, but it was evident he was not entering 
 into mission work with that earnestness that 
 justified continuing his support. The next record- 
 ed action indicates that he fell away from the ideals 
 of the church, for in 1909 knowledge came to the 
 
 199
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 Board that Chirighotis had put away his first wife 
 and married another. The Secretary was then in- 
 structed "to write to him the scriptural teaching 
 on marriage, and his violation of the same, as under- 
 stood by the church." He evidently had asked for 
 some help, for this was denied him at this time. 
 
 What has become of the membership of the 
 church in Smyrna is not known. A few migrated 
 to this country and were active in the church at 
 Muncie, Indiana. As for the others, no data are at 
 hand. 
 
 Many problems confronted the General Mission 
 
 Board at this time, four of which were taken to 
 
 the Conference of 1896 for answer. 
 
 eg ec e j^ ^^^ decided that the sadly neglected 
 
 Missions' .... JO 
 
 mission within the bounds of a State 
 
 District is to be reported to their District Meeting and 
 District officials are to "be required faithfully to dis- 
 charge their duties." In Asia Minor the question of 
 rebaptism was such an important one, — every one 
 being baptized by trine immersion, — that a com- 
 mittee was granted to consider the subject and re- 
 port to the next meeting. Another committee was 
 appointed to report a plan to provide for the dis- 
 abled missionary. The last was by what plan 
 a mission church should be located in its proper 
 State District (See " Minutes of Annual Meeting," 
 page 631). 
 
 With the hope of changing the laws of Denmark 
 and Sweden, so as to obtain some leniency to the 
 Brethren in those countries, the General Mission 
 Board asked for a committee of three, to draft a 
 
 200
 
 One Organization 
 
 memorial to the king of each country. The commit- 
 tee consisted of D. L. Miller, J. H. Moore, and an- 
 Memorial to other brother, who prepared and sent 
 Kings the following: 
 
 To His Majesty, King Christian, 
 of the Kingdom of Denmark: 
 
 We, the undersigned, citizens of the United States of 
 America, and members of the German Baptist Brethren 
 church, hereby present to his Majesty, the King of Den- 
 mark, a petition in behalf of the members of our faith, 
 who are subjects of the King, and residing in his kingdom, 
 in the hope and belief that the King will, in his wisdom, 
 modify, in some degree, the ruling made in the case of our 
 beloved brethren. 
 
 We desire to present to the King the fact that the prin- 
 ciples of our religion forbid our going to war, and all re- 
 sistance by force to our enemies. It is a matter of con- 
 science which we do not wish to, or dare to, disregard. 
 
 We, therefore, come to your Majesty in this manner, 
 and pray that the King's clemency be extended towards 
 the members of our faith, who are his subjects, to an ex- 
 tent that his Majesty will not require those of out .-.brethren 
 who do not go to war, because of conscientious scruples, 
 to serve in prison. It is not a lack of love of their 
 motherland, which prevents their serving the King in this 
 manner, but a love of peace, given them by the God whom 
 they worship, and taught them from their childhood. 
 
 We pray the King that his Majesty will investigate what 
 we here say, and if, in his wisdom, the King can devise a 
 more mild manner of dealing with our brethren, we will 
 forever be grateful to his majesty therefor. 
 
 A similar petitio^n was sent the King of Sweden. 
 
 It was reported that in Sweden an amendment to 
 the military law granting the petition almost passed. 
 Nothing was heard from Denmark, Military serv- 
 
 201
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 ice is still required of the Brethren, or else impris- 
 onment is imposed. 
 
 Am-ong the Colored People in the United States 
 
 The negro of the South, naturally religious after 
 
 his manner, has always appealed to many of the 
 
 members of the Church of the Breth- 
 
 --. . ren, and these have urged that mis- 
 
 MlSSlOnS . , , , , rr-, 
 
 sion work be done among them. The 
 General Mission Board, willing to enter every field 
 that the Brotherhood desired to occupy and was 
 willing to support, made a series of attempts among 
 these people. 
 
 In 1896 Jos. C. Lahman, of Franklin Grove, Il- 
 linois, showed his interest in the colored people in 
 
 the following proposition : " If the 
 
 ^ . . General Mission Board will under- 
 
 Proposition , . . , , , 
 
 take a mission to the colored people 
 
 of the United States I will pay tuition, board and 
 books, for one year's schooling, towards preparing 
 some colored brother for the work of missions." 
 Brother Lahman was of the opinion, shared by 
 many, too, that only a colored missionary could be 
 successful among the colored people of the States. 
 This offer and other repeated requests of similar 
 character led the General Mission Board to appoint 
 a sub-committee, to draw up plans for such a mis- 
 sion, and report to the next meeting. For some 
 reason the sub-committee never made a report, and 
 nothing was done until May 28, 1898. 
 
 At this time A. W. Vaniman was placed in charge 
 of a proposed mission among the colored people, and 
 with two other brethren to assist in determining the 
 
 202
 
 One Organization 
 
 best location, he went to work. He studied the con- 
 ditions of the South carefully. He and his wife lo- 
 cated at Atlanta, Georgia, in the heart 
 C^ndSs °f 'he "black belt." They made a 
 rather lengthy report to the General 
 Mission Board at its meeting, January, 1899, and the 
 Board decided to recall Brother and Sister Vaniman 
 from the field, and refer the whole question to the 
 Standing Committee of 1899 for advice. Brother 
 and Sister Vaniman left Atlanta, Georgia, about 
 January 14, 1899, and if a report was made to the 
 Standing Committee, no record seems to have been 
 made of it. 
 
 At the meeting in May, 1900, an appeal to do 
 work among the colored people of Fruitdale, Ala- 
 bama, was before the General Mis- 
 
 , sion Board. " After long delibera- 
 
 Appeal . „ . . , 
 
 tions a committee was appomted 
 
 to discuss the subject through the columns of the 
 
 Gospel Messenger. Time went on. 
 
 In Indiana a colored brother contributed liber- 
 ally each year towards a mission to his own people ; 
 
 his daughter. Sister Mattie Cunning- 
 Preparation ham, he sent to Manchester College, 
 
 North Manchester, Indiana, and in 
 March, 1903, a committee was appointed to arrange 
 with her to enter upon mission work at Palestine, 
 Arkansas, where there was a good congregation of 
 white mem'bers and prospects for opening work 
 among the colored people. There she would be un- 
 der the direction, and within reach, of the counsel 
 of Bishop J. H. Neher, located at Palestine at this 
 
 203
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 time, a man whose heart was warm toward opening 
 the proposed mission. 
 
 The following September it was decided to send 
 Brother Mays, colored, of Circleville, Ohio, a min- 
 ister of the Church of the Brethren, 
 A Mission ^j^^ Sister Cunningham to Palestine. 
 
 Soon a D. C. Clark applied for mem- 
 bership. He showed ability in pastoral work; had 
 a good general knowledge of the Word, and in 
 August, 1904, it was decided to support him, as 
 well as Sister Cunningham. Brother Mays remained 
 only a short time. Within the next couple years the 
 work seemed to grow. By funds donated espe- 
 cially for that purpose, a meetinghouse was built. 
 In a short while, however, conditions developed 
 that brought Sister Cunningham back home, and 
 the mission, through the death of Brother Clark, 
 was closed. 
 
 During these latter days, or as early as May 30, 
 1905, the idea of an Industrial Mission was serious- 
 ly considered. The question was 
 Industrial p^^^^^ j^ ^ q^ Early's hands to 
 
 study, and raise $15,000 to begin the 
 project. He made a trip to Tuskegee Industrial In- 
 stitute, under the management of Booker T. Wash- 
 ington, reporting his findings in the Missionary Vis- 
 itor in a series of well-written and fully-illustrated 
 articles, but thus far, from all this publicity, noth- 
 ing has developed save that the General Mission 
 Board received $397.75, from an estate in the East, 
 to be used as an endowment for Industrial Missions 
 among the colored people. In recent years there 
 
 204
 
 One Organization 
 
 has been no expressed interest in missions among 
 the colored people. 
 
 Mission Work in Brooklyn, New York 
 
 While engaged in evangelistic services in Malmo, 
 
 Sweden, in 1892, Christian Hope bap- 
 The Beginning tized two men, heads of families. In 
 
 the fall of the same year both emi- 
 grated to Brooklyn, New York, and for a time found 
 plenty of work. During the panic of 1893 and '94, 
 however, want prompted them to appeal to the 
 General Mission Board for help, and T. T. Myers, 
 pastor in Philadelphia, at the request of the Board, 
 visited and aided them in such a manner that three 
 children from these two families united with the 
 church. Thus began the Church of the Brethren in 
 Brooklyn. 
 
 Nothing systematic was done until February 8, 
 1897, when Alice J. Boone was assigned by the 
 
 General Mission Board to go to 
 "5^ . ^" Brooklyn after visiting some of the 
 
 eastern churches, and to open up a 
 mission there. T. T. Myers assisted her in organ- 
 izing the first Sunday-school on April 2, 1897, there 
 being twelve in attendance. 
 
 In the following June the General Mission Board 
 asked Christian Hope to locate in Brooklyn with- 
 
 out his family, and to do what he 
 
 Communion ^^''^"^ towards establishing a mis- 
 sion, and report the outlook to the 
 next meeting. He spent two months, baptized the 
 wife of one of the two brethren w'ho located first, 
 
 205
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 and the first communion, in which some seven or 
 eight participated, was held. After hearing Brother 
 Hope's report in the August meeting, it was decided 
 '' that the mission be closed till next spring, that 
 Sister Alice J. Boone visit the churches and raise a 
 fund to open up more effectual work; that Brother 
 Hope return to his family and work in Kansas and 
 Nebraska." Sister Boone's success among the 
 churches is not recorded. At this meeting J. Kurtz 
 Miller was " appointed minister in charge " but did 
 not accept, for he had not yet completed his prepa- 
 ration for mission work. 
 
 Evidently aggressive work was being done 
 among the children, both in the Sunday-school and 
 industrial avenues, for in January, 
 sfrr^^'^^ 1899, there was a request for $100 
 for a gymnasium. Two members of 
 the Mission Board were assigned to visit the mis- 
 sion and report on its needs. Sister Boone at this 
 point withdrawing from the mission, J. Edson Ulery 
 and wife assumed the care of the mission in June, 
 1899. On October 4, 1899, S. F. Sanger and A. B. 
 Barnhart assisted in organizing the body of be- 
 lievers, now consisting of five brethren and five 
 sisters, into a congregation, known as the " First 
 Church of the Brethren." The bishop chosen was 
 George S. Rairigh, of Maryland. Brother Ulery was 
 advanced to the second degree of the ministry and 
 the mission took on new life. 
 
 The mission's greatest need was a suitable place 
 of worship. A store room fitted up would do, but 
 did not make the right kind of an impression. Then, 
 because a saloon would pay higher rent, the mission 
 
 206
 
 One Organization. 
 
 had to move. All this urged the necessity of the 
 congregation owning its place of 
 Greatest Need worship. However, the time was 
 not at hand when this could be 
 done. Reenforcement was added in the person of 
 Elizabeth Grater, in February, 1900; and the East- 
 ern District of Pennsylvania was asked to take su- 
 pervision of the newly-organized congregation. 
 After spending some months in the mission, Broth- 
 er Ulery was convinced that the place of meeting 
 was not well located at the corner of Sixtieth and 
 Third Avenue, and suggested a change. The sug- 
 gestion was not granted, but he was encouraged to 
 press forward. However, the mission was moved 
 to 5901 Third Avenue and a day-school was opened on 
 condition that it would not entail any expense upon 
 the Board. Through this and the Sunday-school, a 
 large number of children became regular attendants 
 at the mission. 
 
 It was during 1900 that John Caruso, an Italian, 
 dedicated his heart to the Lord, and gave $60 to- 
 wards beginning a mission among his 
 The Italian ^^^ people. Brother Barnhart was 
 Mission . , . , . , . 
 
 assigned to provide for this new 
 
 phase of the work, and to expend not to exceed $20 
 per month. A mission was opened at 207 Twenty- 
 first Street, and thus far, in its activities, thirty 
 Italians, including Brother Caruso's parents, two 
 brothers and a sister, have united with the Church 
 of the Brethren. The Sunday-school has an enroll- 
 ment of 150 ; the rent for the mission is $30 per 
 month, $20 of which is appropriated by the Board. 
 
 207
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 In September, 1901, much to the regret of the 
 Board, Brother and Sister Ulery withdrew from the 
 
 « „ ,,.„ mission and entered other fields of 
 J. Kurtz Miller , u 4.- v -ru r) j 
 as Pastor church activity. The Board again in- 
 
 vited J. Kurtz Miller to assume pas- 
 toral care of the mission. He accepted, and on No- 
 vember 29, 1901, he preached his first sermon, ad- 
 ministered baptism to two young sisters, and offi- 
 ciated at a communion where fifteen of the mission 
 members communed, 
 
 In May, 1902, Brother Miller came before the 
 Board and made a " report of the work in Brooklyn. 
 It was decided to made a call for 
 - funds to purchase a lot in Brooklyn 
 
 and to build a house of worship. 
 Brother Miller and Geo. S. Rairigh were appointed 
 solicitors, with authority to devise and prosecute 
 plans for raising needed funds for lot and house. 
 Elizabeth Howe was appointed as assistant in the 
 mission. Sister Grater withdrawing." At the meet- 
 ing September, 1903, the General Mission Board 
 made another effort to turn the mission over to the 
 Eastern District of Pennsylvania, stating that it 
 would take care of the mission financially, if the 
 District would assume further supervision. The 
 effort was unsuccessful. 
 
 Time went on. For six years Brother Miller 
 
 threw his might into raising the needed funds for 
 
 a suitable church and parsonage. 
 
 _"* Tt d January 10, 1905, a plot of ground 
 
 omp e e 66x100 feet at 358 Sixtieth Street was 
 
 bought at a cost of $4,300. A committee, consist- 
 
 208
 
 Plate 3 
 
 Opposite 208 
 
 The Olberlioltzer Home, Near Trotwood, Ohio, Where the 
 First General Mission Board Met in 1880. 
 
 (Read Page 77, Photo in 1913.) 
 
 The D. Ij. Miller Home, Where the General Mission Board 
 Met While the Office Was in Mt. Morris, Illinois. 
 
 (Photo in 1S89.)
 
 One Organization 
 
 ing of A. B. Barnhart, J. Kurtz Miller, Ephraim 
 Strayer, with " D. L. Miller added as honorary 
 member," was appointed to provide plans for build- 
 ing-. Brethren Barnhart and Strayer did not serve 
 and Chas. D. Bonsack and W. D. Miller took their 
 places. At the Springfield, Illinois, Conference, of 
 1906, plans were submitted and adopted by the 
 Board. Ground was broken on April 29, 1908, the 
 year of our Bicentennial commemoration, and seven 
 months later, on November 29, the church and par- 
 sonage, including lot, costing $29,300, were dedicated 
 free of debt, a monument to the generosity of a 
 Brotherhood who desired to see a good church home 
 in Brooklyn. There was about $400 overplus, which 
 was turned over to the World-wide Mission Fund. 
 On the day of dedication the Brooklyn member- 
 ship was thirty. There has been a steady and 
 healthy growth since, until, at the beginning of 
 1913, the membership was 115, and the Sunday- 
 school enrollment 275. 
 
 The Brooklyn church and parsonage have been a 
 home not only for the flock and its adherents, re- 
 siding in the city, but also for the 
 Growth brethren and sisters from out of the 
 
 city, coming there. It has been a 
 blessed home, — a resting and waiting place 
 for outgoing and returning missionaries, while in 
 the city. Several of the rooms in the parsonage 
 have been furnished by a few congregations and 
 some friends, and those who have enjoyed them 
 have gone away thankful for such splendid provis- 
 ions within the bounds of Greater New York. The 
 
 209
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 growth of the church is encouraging. Its member- 
 ship has increased among the middle class, — ^bread 
 winners they are, it is true, but quite willing to bear 
 their share of the burden. In fact, they are bear- 
 ing each year more and more of the financial obliga- 
 tions of the church. Looking towards self-support, 
 in 1908 the monthly allowance from the Board was 
 reduced to $90, covering both EngHsh and Italian 
 work; in 1909 to $80. 
 
 In 1911 a part of Eastern Pennsylvania, New Jer- 
 sey and New York was formed into a new State 
 District. As soon as the District Mis- 
 Spiritual gj^^ Board was appointed, the Brook- 
 lyn congregation, with its large field, 
 Greater New York, was transferred to the care of 
 the new District at a meeting of the Board, held 
 in York, Pennsylvania, May 31, 1912. While by this 
 act the congregation is under a State District, it 
 shall, because of its unique position in the largest 
 city of the land, always hold a large interest in the 
 thought and prayers of the Brotherhood. 
 
 A summarized financial statement of the Brooklyn 
 congregation for the year 1912, as pubHshed by 
 them in printed form, is of interest: 
 
 Receipts 
 
 Home District Mission Fund, $ 64.87 
 
 Foreign Mission Fund: 
 
 Balance, $ 5-35 
 
 Donations, 31.65 $ 37.00 
 
 Pastor's Fund: 
 
 Balance, $ 76.61 
 
 Offerings, 198.76 $ 275.37 
 
 210
 
 One Organization 
 
 General Church and Sunday-school Fund: 
 
 Balance, $ 3.05 
 
 Church, 280.39 
 
 Sunday-school, 156.03 
 
 Pledges, 27.31 $ 466.78 
 
 $844.02 
 
 Expenditures 
 
 Sent to District Conference, $ 64.87 
 
 Sent to Annual Conference, 37.00 
 
 Pastor's Fund, 180.00 
 
 General Church and S. S. Fund: 
 
 Light, $ 57.97 
 
 Coal, 185.00 
 
 Sunday-school supplies, 71.68 
 
 Repairs, 11.95 
 
 Taxes, 76.78 
 
 Janitor, 60.00 
 
 District Conference Assessment, .... 3.40 $ 466.78 
 
 $ 748.65 
 Balance of Pastor's fund, 95.37 
 
 $ 844.02 
 J. C. Maugans, Treas. 
 A, P. Geib, Assistant Treas. 
 
 We, the Auditing Committee, find the Treasurer's Finan- 
 cial Report for the year 1912 correct. 
 
 Cash Tellers: Alfred Marum, 1915; Lillian Struss, 1914; 
 Ada Oldham, 1913. 
 
 Auditors: Ada Oldham, 1914; Waldo Strayer, 1913; Mar- 
 tin Texiere, 1912. 
 
 On April 1, 1897, the General Mission Board came 
 into possession of the Brethren Publishing House 
 and created 
 
 211
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 The Publishing Department 
 
 When, in 1893, the General Mission Board and 
 the Book and Tract Work were united, the consti- 
 tution for the new organization pro- 
 
 Ab^t^* ^^^"^ ^^^^^ ^^^^' ^^^" suitable arrange- 
 ments could be made and wisdom 
 dictated, the General Mission Board should own 
 and control all the publishing interests of the church 
 (Art. 3, Report of Committee on Consolidation, 
 Annual Meeting of 1893). In May, 1896, D. Van- 
 iman was employed by the General Mission Board 
 as " General Traveling Secretary " to give all his 
 time to the work. He believed the time at hand 
 when the church should own her publishing inter- 
 ests. This conviction was strengthened by the fact 
 that as early as 1882 some of the brethren favored 
 the church taking over the publishing interests. On 
 D. L. Miller's return from his first tour of the world 
 he made a proposition to Brother Vaniman that led 
 to a plan to raise the necessary amount by donations 
 on the annuity plan. 
 
 When the General Mission Board met at Eliza- 
 
 bethtown, Pennsylvania, in the home of B. G. GrofT, 
 
 for its regular meeting, on Septem- 
 
 _ . J ber 28, 1896, Brother Vaniman re- 
 
 Raised ' , 
 
 ported that the necessary amount 
 
 had been raised, and that arrangements had been 
 completed for the transfer of all the stock to the 
 Board. A vote of thanks was tendered to the do- 
 nors, and a copy of their subscriptions was entered 
 on the minutes of the Board. 
 
 The following was the form of subscription used 
 
 212
 
 One Organization 
 
 for this move that has since proved 
 
 Subscription '"^^ ^ ^^'^^ ^^^^°' ^" ^^^ advance- 
 ment of the mission interests of the 
 
 church : 
 
 For the purpose of purchasing the stock of the Brethren 
 Publishing Company at par value (500 shares at $100 per 
 share, — $50,000) the same, when purchased, to be turned 
 over to the General Mission Board of the Church of the 
 Brethren, the iiicome to be used for missionary putpoises 
 at home and in foreign lands, I hereby agree to give and 
 donate the sum hereto subscribed and set opposite my 
 name. 
 
 In consideration of which gift the said Board shall exe- 
 cute a bond, obligating itself to pay each subscriber an- 
 nually the per cent affixed thereto on the amount paid 
 by said subscriber: and at the death of said subscriber, 
 and husband and wife, when designated in the bond, said 
 bond shall become null and void. 
 
 Further, it is expressly agreed and understood that this 
 subscription shall not be in force until arrangements are 
 made to secure all the stock of the said Brethren Publish- 
 ing Company. 
 
 Subscriber. Rate. Amt. Annuitants. 
 
 D L Miller 6 $25,250 D. L. Miller and wife. 
 
 Jos. Amick. — 1,000 
 
 Jos Amick 6 1,000 Jos. Amick and wife. 
 
 Jos C. Lahman 6 500 Jos. Lahman and wife. 
 
 I. J. Rosenbergcr, .. 6 1,000 I. J. Rosenberger and wife. 
 
 Susan Bashore 6 500 Susan Barliore. 
 
 Michael Byerly 6 500 Michiael Byerly. 
 
 S W. Hoover Est., . . 6 3,000 S. W. Hoover and wife. 
 
 Lutz Est., Illinois, . . — 300 
 
 Sarah Wolgamuth. . . 6 4,500 Sarah Wolgramuth. 
 
 Lydia Brumbaugh, . . 6 2,000 Lydia Brumbaugh. 
 
 Samuel Wenger 6 200 Samuel and Eliz. Wenger. 
 
 Covina farm — 5,000 
 
 New E n t e rp rise 
 
 Church 6 250 To church for 16 years. 
 
 Mary S. Gelger, 6 2,000 Mary S. Geiger. 
 
 Julia Ulrey estate,... — 400 , „ „ ^ ^ ^ .^ 
 
 J. B. Brumbaugh,... 6 1,000 J. B. Brumbaugh and wife. 
 Five shares already 
 
 on hand — 500 „ „ „ , , ^ .- 
 
 H B Brumbaugh, . . 6 1,000 H. B. Brumbaugh and wife. 
 
 J F Oiler 6 1,000 J. F. Oiler and wife. 
 
 b. F. Stouffer — 100 
 
 213
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 Elizabeth Roop 6 $2'o0 Elizabeth Roop. 
 
 A. & Eliz. Eng-Iar,... 6 209 A. & Eliz. Englar. 
 
 Eliz. Englar 5 170 Eliz. Englar. 
 
 Samuel Hoffman 6 100 Samuel Hoffman. 
 
 Margaret Hoffman, ..6 50 Margaret Hoffman. 
 
 Eliz. Switzer 5 100 Eliz. Switzer. 
 
 Margaret Englar, — 25 
 
 Jacob Stoner, — 100 
 
 J. C. Rinehart, — 125 
 
 D. Stoner, 6 100 D. Stoner. 
 
 Sallie E. Stoner, 6 100 Sallie E. Stoner. 
 
 Annie E. Stoner, .... 6 100 Annie R. Stoner. 
 
 Lydia R. Little — 25 
 
 Margaret Englar, ... — 10 
 
 John Leester 5 200 John Leester. 
 
 Margaret Royer, . . . . — 10 
 
 John Haflebower. . . 5 100 John Haflebower. 
 
 Violetta Haflebower,. 5 100 Vloletta M. Haflebower. 
 
 Elizabeth Gibbel 6 100 Elizabeth Gibbel. 
 
 Lizzie B. Becker 6 100 Lizzie B. Becker. 
 
 A W Mentzer — 100 Gospel Messenger for life. 
 
 J. B. Keller — 10 
 
 Isaac Prantz & wife,. 6 100 Isaac Prantz and wife. 
 
 I D Parker 6 1.500 I. D. Parker and wife. 
 
 Jas. R. Gish, — 250 
 
 At the same meeting the donation was accepted, 
 
 the General Mission Board made 
 
 Provisions provisions for the conducting of the 
 
 newly acquired property after this 
 
 manner: 
 
 Publication Department of the General Mission Board of 
 the Church of the Brethren 
 
 1. This department shall embrace the printing and pub- 
 lishing of all books, papers, tracts and periodicals author- 
 ized by the Board or the Annual Meeting, and do a gen- 
 eral printing and publishing business. 
 
 2. The present Executive Committee of the Brethren 
 Publishing Company,— D. L. Miller, J. Amick, J. H. Moore 
 and H. B. Brumbaugh, — shall continue in the management 
 of the publication department until necessity for a change 
 becomes apparent. 
 
 3. The editorial staflf on the Gospel Messenger shall 
 continue as at present constituted, until a necessity for a 
 change becomes apparent. The Executive Committee may 
 employ such other help as may be necessary. 
 
 214
 
 One Organization 
 
 4. Salaries: 
 
 Business Manager, $70.00 per month. 
 Office Editor, $70.00 per month. 
 Eastern Editor, $500.00 per year. 
 Editor-in-chief, $500.00 per year. 
 
 5. Special effort shall be made to enlarge the circula- 
 tion of all our publications. 
 
 6. The Business Manager shall pay over to the Treas- 
 urer of the General Mission Board on the first day of Jan- 
 uary and May of each year all surplus money, as may be 
 directed by the Board, and shall make annually a full 
 statement of the business of the publishing department. 
 
 The foregoing was prepared by D. L. Miller, and 
 from this outline, since the property has been in 
 the hands of the Board, there has been practically 
 no variation. Instead of the Editor-in-chief drawing 
 his salary, as provided, he donated his services for 
 all these years. 
 
 On October 10, 1896, a "Special Notice" ap- 
 peared in the Gospel Messenger an- 
 Special Notice nouncing the acquiretnent of the pub- 
 lishing interests. The first part of 
 this notice is as follows: 
 
 For some years, as is well known to those of our readers 
 who have attended our Annual Conferences, efforts have 
 been made to have the church assume control of all her 
 publishing interests. Those who were most anxiously 
 concerned in this matter felt that the profits arising from 
 our church publications should be used by the church in 
 forwarding her work. It was also believed that, when it 
 was known that the church owned, controlled, and received 
 the profits arising from such publications, the circulation 
 of our church and Sunday-school papers would largely in- 
 crease. It was also felt that if the publishing interests be- 
 longed to the church, there would be no possibility of 
 other papers, claiming church patronage, being started. 
 
 215
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 These were the feelings and motives prompting those who 
 earnestly sought to induce the chiu'ch to purchase the 
 Brethren's Publishing Company plant and property. 
 
 But the question of raising the money, the financial 
 management, the fear that if the concern were purchased 
 and placed under the immediate control of the Annual 
 Meeting, it would not be well managed, and other consid- 
 erations, kept the brethren from agreeing to accept the 
 offers that were made from time to time for the last 
 twelve years. But sentiment kept growing stronger in 
 favor of the church owning the publishing interests. Many 
 Brethren who, at one time, could not see their way clear 
 to favor the move, now are of the opinion that it is the 
 right thing to do. But the important question, as to where 
 the money was to be had, was the great hindrance to. the 
 project. In these hard times it was felt that it would be 
 a difficult matter to raise $50,000, the amount necessary to 
 secure the business. 
 
 " Man proposes but God disposes," is a maxim that is 
 as true today as when it was first uttered. While the ques- 
 tion of raising the money to buy the publishing business 
 exercised the minds of those who were favorable to the 
 project, God put it into the hearts of the owners, and 
 others, who were similarly disposed, so that the entire 
 business of the Brethren's Publishing Company could be 
 turned over to the General Mission Board. At the last 
 meeting, held at Elizabethtown, Pennsylvania, on Sep- 
 tember 28 and 29, the donation was made and duly ac- 
 cepted, with many thanks to the liberal donors. 
 
 The transfer of the property was made March 31, 
 1897, the end of the fiscal year for the retiring com- 
 pany. In their giving up their stock 
 p., ^ "^ at par, the stockholders made a per- 
 
 sonal donation that the Brotherhood 
 little realized. The stock company was paying 
 large dividends and had not the stockholders con- 
 sidered the welfare of the church, rather than their 
 
 216
 
 One Organization 
 
 own interests, the stock could not have been bought 
 for double its par value. As it was, the stock com- 
 pany turned over not only the business with its good 
 equipment, but about $6,000 in cash, so that the Board 
 would have ample means to push the business from 
 the start for the church. 
 
 There ^as little commotion in the transfer. A 
 new system of bookkeeping was installed. Jos. 
 Amick continued as business man- 
 j^ , ager; J. H. Moore, office editor; D. 
 
 L. Miller and H. B. Brumbaugh as 
 editors. The first Gospel Messenger, issued under 
 the new ownership, makes no mention of the trans- 
 fer. At the subsequent Annual Conference at Fred- 
 erick, Maryland, some entertained fears of objec- 
 tions when the Board's report would be presented 
 for passage. But in that large delegate body there 
 was but one dissenting vote. Thus the church 
 owned, and began the control, through the General 
 Mission Board, of her publishing interests. 
 
 A number of important questions at once con- 
 fronted the new management. The earliest, and, 
 for the time, most important one was 
 New Location that of location. Mt. Morris, Illi- 
 nois, the headquarters of the publish- 
 ing interests, did not present suitable advantages for 
 the growing and large business it was hoped to de- 
 velop. A committee was appointed to look up a 
 location. Many meetings, much deliberation, and 
 a number of places visited near Chicago, was the 
 method of procedure. Chicago was once selected 
 and then abandoned because of high rents, possible 
 
 217
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 labor troubles, and so on. At last Elgin, Illinois, 
 was selected on February 2, 1899. A tract of ground 
 where the present buildings stand, was bought for 
 $6,000 cash; the city made a donation of $3,000 as 
 an inducement to locate in Elgin. The committee 
 on location was Joseph Amick, J. H. Moore, A, B. 
 Barnhart, S. F. Sanger and L. W. Teeter. 
 
 On April 1, 1899, the Secretary of the General 
 
 Mission Board, with his family, arrived in Elgin, 
 
 and opened an office for the Board in 
 
 gin g ^^^ private room of Wm. Grote. This 
 
 room he occupied rent free until, in 
 September, he moved into the new building. Jo- 
 seph Amick, J. H. Moore and another brother were the 
 Building Committee. During the summer a suita- 
 ble brick building was erected, and in September, 
 1899, the printing outfit, with most of the work- 
 men and their families, located in Elgin, Illinois. 
 
 In one year it was seen that the new building was 
 not large enough. Ground was excavated at the 
 
 west end, and a one-story structure 
 Growth with walls strong enough for four 
 
 stories was erected. This was fol- 
 lowed in two years by adding the other three sto- 
 ries. In 1906, to meet the constantly-growing busi- 
 ness, the plant as it then stood, was more than 
 doubled in floor space, — 52,000 square feet. This is 
 the present building. From the beginning, here has 
 been conveniently housed the printing plant, with 
 needed editorial rooms, etc., and the Mission Rooms 
 of the General Mission Board. The purchase of the 
 Sitock, $50,000, and the grounds and buildings at 
 
 218
 
 One Organization 
 
 Elgin, Illinois, are, as an investment of the Board, 
 held at $130,000. This does not include new equip- 
 ment for which the earnings of the House have 
 paid. 
 
 Going back to 1898, it was decided that "inas- 
 much as there was a class of young people too far 
 advanced to be interested in the 
 A New Paper Young Disciple and yet for whom 
 the Gospel Messenger was not whol- 
 ly adapted, many of whom were now reading pa- 
 pers not in sympathy with the time-honored prin- 
 ciples of the Brethren," to ask Annual Conference 
 to grant the publication of a paper suited to the 
 needs of these young people. It was granted. On 
 October 11, 1898, the Pilot was named and author- 
 ized by the General Mission Board. Grant Mahan 
 became its first editor. Soon after the Landmark, 
 published in Missouri, through purchase was ab- 
 sorbed by the Pilot, and Howard Miller was made 
 editor of the latter publication on February 14, 1900. 
 Through his suggestion the paper was changed in 
 size, and called the Inglenook. It kept its name 
 but was destined to have the distinction of having 
 many editors. Following Howard Miller, who 
 served several years, came E. M. Cobb for two 
 years. Next came Sister Blanche Lentz; then H. 
 M. Barwick until his sudden death ; then Blanche 
 Lentz again ; then S. C. Miller. Considerable funds 
 were used in the promotion of this periodical. The 
 beginning of Our Young People, in 1906. on the 
 lines outlined, curtailed the need of the Inglenook 
 to some extent. At the meeting of the Board, April, 
 
 219
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 1913, the publication of the Inglenook was ordered 
 discontinued. 
 
 The management of a publishing plant was found, 
 by the General Mission Board, to be no small task, 
 but it laid hold upon the work with 
 Management all the wisdom they could command. 
 There were issued lengthy rules gov- 
 erning the Executive Committee of three, who had 
 immediate supervision of the plant. These were 
 followed, six months later, on September 13, 1899, 
 with a lengthy plan, outlining the management of 
 the Publishing House in all its departments. On 
 February 14, 1900, an Executive Committee of five 
 members was created. The committee elected was 
 D. L. Miller, five years; I. Bennett Trout, four 
 years ; Joseph Amick, three years ; I. J. Rosenberger, 
 two years; H. W. Krieghbaum, one year. Allowing 
 for the duplicating of one name, this now meant 
 that nine brethren were directing the affairs of the 
 Brethren Publishing House, — the five members of 
 the General Mission Board and the five members 
 of the Executive Committee. Regulations were then 
 adopted that, as far as they related to the publishing 
 interests, did not permit one committee to miove 
 without the consent of the other. This cumbersome 
 arrangement was abandoned in about two years. 
 
 The time came, in the life of Joseph Amick, that 
 
 he felt he should lay off office cares, as they were 
 
 rapidly growing in the Publishing 
 
 -A Good Record House. His record had been a good 
 
 one. About twenty years before he 
 
 and D. L. Miller took up the paper at Mt. Morris, II- 
 
 220
 
 One Organization 
 
 linois, when it was stranded financially, made a fi- 
 nancial success of it, and helped to develop the insti- 
 tution to that point of usefulness that it was when 
 turned over to the church, — a most influential as 
 well as lucrative business. He then directed its 
 finances under the new management until, April 29, 
 1902, his resignation was accepted and T. F. Imler 
 was appointed to succeed him. In the fall of 1903 
 Brother Imler resigned, and on January 1, 1904, 
 Robert E. Arnold assumed charge as manager. 
 Under his direction the printing interests have 
 grown, though there have been many perplexing 
 problems to meet. 
 
 The policy of the General Mission Board has al- 
 ways been aggressive. The way to develop busi- 
 ness was to go after it. Hence, early 
 Field Workers in its management, it created the 
 office of " Field Worker," it being the 
 business of those thus appointed to visit the 
 churches, adjust dissatisfactions growing out of 
 misunderstandings, introduce the church's litera- 
 ture, and explain the advantages and interests of 
 the Publishing House. In this capacity E. M. Cobb 
 served first ; then John Heckman, Virgil C. Finnell, 
 and John E. Metzger. Each of these did splendid 
 work in making the church's literature more gener- 
 ally used. 
 
 With the enlarged facilities, made by building in 
 1906, and the installation of one of 
 Job Work the best outfits in the West, the Pub- 
 
 lishing House job department was 
 ready to do a large line of commercial printing and 
 
 221
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 book making. Since this equipment, the department 
 has been making annually, on an average, about 800,- 
 000 hard-bound books, besides pamphlets and other 
 printing, and the regular publications and periodicals 
 of the church. 
 
 On May 28, 1906, George B. Holsinger was em- 
 ployed as musical editor. Through his labors and 
 the assistance of others, " Gospel 
 Music Editor Songs and Hymns No. 1," then the 
 present " Hymnal " and " Hymn 
 Book," and then " Song Praises " were issued, each 
 having a large circulation. After his death, no one 
 was appointed in his place, but in 1911 I. Bennett 
 Trout and another brother completed the compila- 
 tion of " Kingdom Songs," — a book that has exceed- 
 ed all others in general use and satisfaction. 
 Not unmindful of the good missionary effect that 
 . . the Gospel Messenger has in new 
 
 ., * homes everywhere, on Augfust 6, 
 
 Messengers . , , * 
 
 1904, a special plan for this pur- 
 pose was adopted, as follows : 
 
 For missionary purposes alone (i. e., to try to lead the 
 party receiving the "Messenger" to accept the faith of 
 Jesus Christ, as believed by the Brethren, and in no way 
 to aid one now a member to have access to it) the " Gos- 
 pel Messenger " may hereafter be furnished through Dis- 
 trict Boards, through all missionaries of the Breth'ren 
 church under appointment by any Board, through agents 
 of the Brethren Publishing House, and through individ- 
 uals who wish to do missionary work in this manner, to 
 any and all persons except the following: 
 
 1. All those who are members of the Church of the 
 Brethren. 
 
 2. All those in a family, any member of which is a mem- 
 
 222
 
 One Organization 
 
 ber of the Church of the Brethren. (By member is meant 
 to include anyone who abides in the house though he or 
 she be no relation to the family.) 
 
 3. Terms. The sender must make definite statement 
 each time, that he knows the names sent in comply fully 
 with rules one and two, and are in full accord with the 
 purposes set forth in the beginning. 
 
 The personnel of the Messenger has changed little, 
 
 J. H. Moore has been office editor through these 
 
 years. Those on the stafif in 1897 are 
 
 esse g g^.jj .^ service: and L. A. Plate was 
 
 Editors 
 
 added as assistant office editor, while 
 
 H. C. Early and Grant Mahan were made corre- 
 sponding editors. Its columns, through the years, 
 have given expression to the best thought of the 
 Brotherhood. Here one finds the sentiment that 
 moved the Brotherhood in any period of its exist- 
 ence. From a circulation of 14,024 in 1897 it has in- 
 creased to 26,000 at the present time. 
 
 Soon after acquiring the publishing plant, the 
 General Mission Board created a Sunday-school De- 
 partment and secured the services of 
 
 -, ,. ^^" I. Bennett Trout to head it. Under 
 
 Editor 
 
 his editorial labors this department 
 has become a large factor in the life of the church. 
 When Brother Trout took charge, the Sunday- 
 school Department was issuing a Juvenile Quarter- 
 ly, an Advanced Quarterly, Boys and Girls, Children 
 at Work. Now, in addition to these we have Our 
 Young People and Teachers' Monthly. The Depart- 
 ment, with the General Mission Board directing and 
 assisting, has grappled with some of the big prob- 
 lems of the Sunday-school world. True, the Graded 
 
 223
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 Lesson problem has not been solved yet. Neverthe- 
 less, for over six years it has been under serious con- 
 templation and considerable means and time have been 
 spent in its solution. 
 
 Contrary to the fears, expressed by some, sixteen 
 years ago, that the publishing interests would be- 
 come a burden of expense upon the 
 A Great Brotherhood, it has proved just the 
 
 Advantage opposite. These are some of the ad- 
 
 vantages which have followed : 
 
 Better periodicals. 
 
 More than double the circulation and influence of 
 the ones in use at time of transfer. 
 
 More periodicals. 
 
 Better made books. 
 
 A total of $107,713.10 for the sixteen years, turned 
 over to the General Mission Board to meet inci- 
 dental expenses of the buildings, and missionary 
 purposes of the church. 
 
 From the very beginning it has been the policy 
 of the Publishing House not to print any thing not 
 in accord with the principles of the 
 The Policy Church. For instance, it would not 
 manufacture a book advocating secret 
 societies. While now and then some publication 
 may have been manufactured that was not in full 
 accord with this rule, to the very letter, in the main 
 the commercial printing has consisted of religious, 
 educational, song and school books for other pub- 
 lishers. 
 
 The contrast, after sixteen years of development, 
 Contrast is striking, as seen in the following: 
 
 224
 
 Plate 4 
 
 Opposite 224 
 
 James Rufus and Barbara Gisli. 
 
 Founders of the Gish Publishing Fund, the Gish Testament 
 Fund, and the Ministerial and Missionary Relief Fund.
 
 One Organization 
 
 1897 1913 
 
 Floor space, in square feet, 5,000 52,000 
 
 Business Manager's salary, $840.00 $2,000.00 
 
 Editor of Gospel Messenger, 840.00 1,200.00 
 
 Assistant editor, 1,100.00 
 
 Sunday-school editor, 1,200.00 
 
 Volume of business, $108,000.00 592,000 
 
 Circulation of the Messenger, 14,024 26,000 
 
 The publishing department is in the beginning- of 
 a large usefulness. Its manager and his superinr- 
 
 tendent, A. H. Rittenhouse, along 
 Just Begun with the editors, foremen and other 
 
 employes, who have proved faithful, 
 have shown themselves capable men and women. 
 Some of those who labored that the church might 
 own its publishing interests, died in the faith that 
 it would do good ; others have lived to see the good, 
 herein recounted. Surely, all have occasion to re- 
 joice and thank God. 
 
 At the meeting of the Board, February 15, 1898, 
 it was decided " to encourage the congregational 
 collection as well as individual dona- 
 Annual ^jQj^g ^^ ^j^^ coming Annual Meetinef. 
 Missionary t i- • i i i • , 
 Offerings Individual donations are urged to be 
 
 not less than one dollar." This was 
 the beginning of uniting the gifts of the congrega- 
 tions of the Brotherhood, along with those of indi- 
 viduals, into one grand offering on " Missionary 
 Day " at General Conference, which offerings have 
 grown until the last one, at Winona Lake, Indiana, 
 in 1913, was $20,796.63. See appendix for each year's 
 Conference offering. 
 
 225
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 At the same meeting a plan was adopted, the 
 purpose of which was to develop 
 
 Rural Districts the congregations in the rural dis- 
 tricts and reach out into near by un- 
 
 evangelized territory. The plan is as follows : 
 
 1. That greater effort be made to build up churches and 
 make them self-sustaining in rural districts, villages and 
 suburban towns. 
 
 2. To reach such places in State Districts let the Gen- 
 eral Board urge State Boards to push the work into every 
 favorable place within their territory. 
 
 3. To reach those outside of State Districts, let the Gen- 
 eral Board institute, in these places, pioneer work on the 
 colporter plan as follows: 
 
 (a) Let the Board send out suitable young brethren and 
 sisters to sell books, Bibles, papers, distribute tracts 
 and look up favorable fields for missions and regular min- 
 isterial work. 
 
 (b) Let the Board select and put into their hands such 
 books and papers, both from our own publications and oth- 
 ers, as will be helpful in laying a good foundation for per- 
 manent church work. 
 
 (c) As our own publications are not sufficient to do. the 
 work needed, let the Board encourage the publication of 
 more books on live subjects by our own talent. 
 
 (d) Should the income from the sale of books and pa- 
 pers be insufficient to cover expenses, and a fair com- 
 pensation for time, then let the Board make up the de- 
 ficiency. 
 
 The greatest regret is that this plan has never 
 been put into operation. In it are the necessary 
 elements for an onward campaign that should mean 
 much to the Brotherhood everywhere. 
 
 Annual Conference of 1898 made several impor- 
 
 226
 
 One Organization 
 
 taut decisions relating to mission work. A query 
 
 was before it, askinef that no person 
 Disabled ^, . ^ ^ f,, 
 
 -,. . . serve more than two terms, of three 
 
 Missionaries ^ ^ . 
 
 years each, on the General Mission 
 
 Board. This was not granted. A report providing 
 for disabled missionaries, and to give reliable infor- 
 mation concerning public calamities so that the 
 churches would not be imposed upon in their giving, 
 was passed. It is as follows : 
 
 (1) That the General Mission Board be authorized and 
 encouraged to solicit and receive additional donations and 
 bequests to the Gish Fund as a suitable and, for the time 
 being, sufficient plan to assist superannuated and disabled 
 missionaries and ministers of the Church of the Brethren 
 and their families, who have no other sufficient means of 
 support. Said Board to decide who is entitled to such as- 
 sistance and to what extent, all applicants, not directly 
 under the care of the Board to have recommendations 
 from their home church and from their District Mission- 
 ary Committee, or from their District Meeting. 
 
 (2) That it be made the duty of the Executive Com- 
 mittee of the Brethren Publishing House to give reliable 
 information and direction to the churches through the 
 press (and otherwise, if need be) in cases of general des- 
 titution or public calamity, in which duty prompts assist- 
 ance, and direct the distribution of such charities. 
 
 Section two has been observed and has proved a 
 good safeguard. Section one was practically inac- 
 tive until after the Gish Estate was turned over to 
 the General Mission Board. The following are the 
 splendid provisions of the Ministerial and Missionary 
 Relief Fund, as well as the Gish Publishing Fund : 
 
 227
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 Ministerial and Missionary Relief Fund 
 
 Through the provisions of the Barbara Gish es- 
 tate the General Mission Board came into possession 
 of funds to care for disabled and infirm ministers 
 and their wives. Income for this fund was received 
 and some of it expended in 1901. However, not until 
 1904 ^as a plan submitted and approved by the An- 
 nual Conference, regulating it. • The plan is as fol- 
 lows: 
 
 1. This fund shall be used for the support of aged and 
 infirm missionaries and ministers in good standing in the 
 Church of the Brethren, who may be left without other 
 means of support. It shall be under the management of 
 the General Mission Board of said church. 
 
 2. The fund shall be composed of twenty per cent of the 
 Gish Fund, twenty per cent of the earnings of the Breth- 
 ren Publishing House, annually set apart for mission 
 work, cash donations, income from endowments, either 
 by direct bequest, gift or on the annuity plan, and by 
 money received from those who enjoy a full support from 
 the fund. 
 
 3. No one shall receive aid from this fund who is able 
 to support himself, or who has sufficient income to keep 
 him in a comfortable home and afford him the necessities 
 of life, or who has sons or daughters who are able and 
 willing to give the aid sought. 
 
 4. No one shall receive full support from the fund unless 
 all money or property that he may have be turned over 
 to the Board, to be invested, and the interest used for the 
 aid of the beneficiaries of the fund. If the beneficiary is in 
 possession of a home, he shall deed it to the Board for 
 endowment, retaining the use of the same for himself 
 and widow, if he leave one during their life-time. 
 
 5. In order to receive aid from the fund, application 
 must be made to the congregation in which the one de- 
 siring aid has his membership. The applicant must have 
 served the church faithfully as a missionary or minister, 
 
 228
 
 One Organization 
 
 and must be in good standing in the church when the ap- 
 plication is made. 
 
 6. It shall be the duty of the congregation carefully to 
 investigate the needs of the applicant, his means of sup- 
 port, and property owned by him, and if the applicant 
 comes within, and complies with, the rules governing the 
 fund, a formal application may be made, signed by the 
 elder in charge of the church and by at least one minister 
 or deacon. This shall be made on printed blanks, to be 
 furnished by the Secretary of the Board. No application 
 for aid will be considered unless made on blanks supplied 
 for that purpose. 
 
 7. Upon the death of the beneficiary, the aid shall cease 
 unless he leaves a widow, who shall receive such aid from 
 the fund as the church in which she lives may consider 
 her entitled to. Widows of missionaries and ministers 
 may receive aid from the fund under the rules provided 
 for their husbands. 
 
 8. The Board shall not incur any indebtedness on ac- 
 count of the fund, and may grant aid only when there is 
 money on hand to pay the required amount. 
 
 A Statement of the fund, thus used through the 
 years, may prove of interest. It is as follows : 
 
 
 
 
 
 Receipts 
 
 Expend. 
 
 
 Receipts 
 
 Expend. 
 
 
 $ *5.00 
 
 
 1901, 
 
 $ 360.49 
 
 $ 160.00 
 
 
 *560.00 
 
 $ 348.00 
 
 1902, 
 
 1,241.27 
 
 246.00 
 
 1911, 
 
 *5.46 
 
 
 1903, 
 
 981.49 
 
 246.00 
 
 
 ♦1,527.20 
 
 
 1904, 
 
 827.55 
 
 96.00 
 
 
 430.94 
 
 570.00 
 
 1905, 
 
 512.80 
 
 144.00 
 
 1912, 
 
 ♦1,560.00 
 
 • • • • • 
 
 1906, 
 
 772.91 
 
 207.00 
 
 
 447.84 
 
 717.50 
 
 1907, 
 
 530.33 
 
 
 1913, 
 
 ♦1,540.00 
 
 
 
 *1,474.19 
 
 318.00 
 
 
 464.72 
 
 940.00 
 
 1908, 
 
 681.91 
 
 
 Bal. on 
 
 
 
 ♦1,016.34 
 
 486.00 
 
 hand. 
 
 $10,921.87 
 
 1909 
 
 472 42 
 
 469 34 
 
 
 
 
 1 ^/\J^y 
 
 1910, 
 
 456.85 
 
 TV-'iV" 
 
 
 $15,869.71 
 
 $15,869.71 
 
 ♦From the Brethren Publishing House. 
 
 229
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 Gish Publishing Fund 
 
 In December, 1897, Sister Barbara Gish, widow of 
 James R. Gish, willed all her property to the Gen- 
 eral Mission Board of the Church of 
 
 xecu e ^j^ Brethren, and directed that her 
 
 Own Will .,, , ' , , 
 
 will be executed at once, so that she 
 
 would know for herself that her wishes had been 
 carried out. Her property consisted of notes, mort- 
 gages and real estate in Illinois, Arkansas and Kansas, 
 in all amounting to between $50,000 and $60,000. In her 
 will Sister Gish requested that certain sums, aggre- 
 gating about $10,000, be paid to her nearest relatives 
 both on her deceased husband's and her own side of 
 the family. The balance of the estate, — using the 
 exact words of the will, — was to be a " fund of 
 benevolence, to.be knOwn as the James R. and Bar- 
 bara Gish Publishing and Missionary and Ministe- 
 rial Aid Fund, or by any other suitable name that 
 the above-named Board may select. Said fund may 
 be indefinitely increased by additional donations, se- 
 curely invested, and the income therefrom used at 
 the option of the Board for the production, pub- 
 lication, or distribution, free of cost, or at greatly 
 reduced rates, to all ministers of the Church of the 
 Brethren, such books and other printed matter as 
 may, by the Board, be deemed most helpful in ad- 
 vancing and sustaining the Truth ; or it may, in part, 
 be used for the support of superannuated mission- 
 aries and ministers of the Church of the Brethren 
 and their families, or in World-wide Mission work, 
 as the above-named Board may, in their discretion, 
 determine." 
 
 230
 
 One Organization 
 
 The General Mission Board at once took charge of 
 
 all the properties, and issued a bond of annuity, pay- 
 
 « , «, , i^g Sister Gish $1,000 annually dur- 
 Board Took . ^ , ,., . ' . / „ 
 
 Charee ^"^ life-time. After paying off 
 
 all indebtedness, and disposing of 
 all the pfoperties, the amount of the estate netted 
 the General Mission Board $56,334.12. This is bear- 
 ing six per cent interest, and, after the annuity is de- 
 ducted, the balance of the income is used, — one-fifth 
 for the Ministerial and Missionary Relief Fund and 
 the balance, four-fifths, for the Gish Publishing Fund. 
 
 The General Mission Board at once adopted regu- 
 lations for the Gish Publishing Fund as follows: 
 
 1. Name. — The name of this fund shall be the Gish 
 Publishing Fund. 
 
 2. Fund. — This fund shall consist of the estate of 
 James R. and Barbara Gish, estimated at $50,000, with 
 any other funds that may hereafter be added to it. 
 
 3. Purpose. — The purpose of this fund shall be to sup- 
 ply the ministers of the Church of the Brethren with such 
 books and other printed matter as may be helpful to them 
 in advancing and maintaining the Truth. 
 
 4. Supervision. — The General Mission Board shall ap- 
 point a Committee of three, so arranged, in term of office, 
 that the time of one member expires each year, whose 
 duty it shall be 
 
 (a) To examine and pass upon' publications issued and 
 distributed by this fund. 
 
 (b) To arrange with the Publication Department for 
 publication and distribution of publications selected. 
 
 5. Surplus. — Any surplus on hand at the end of the 
 fiscal year of the General Mission Board shall, after prop- 
 er allowance has been made for selected books not yet 
 published, be turned over to the fund for superannuated 
 and disabled ministers and missionaries; but should it not 
 
 231
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 be needed in said fund, then it shall be given to the World- 
 Wide Mission Fund. 
 
 6. Terms. — The publications shall be distributed free or 
 at greatly reduced rates, at no time the price asked being 
 more than the cost of publication, including the expense 
 for delivery, 
 
 7. Report. — The General Mission Board shall cause to 
 be published an annual report of the fund, including the 
 list of books published and the number of copies dis- 
 tributed each year. 
 
 It is interesting to. note what a large amount of 
 
 good has been done by the fund in 
 
 Much Good 1 rr. • ^u r 1 
 
 only fifteen years, as seen in the fol- 
 lowing receipts and expenditures and 
 
 number of copies of each book sent out: 
 
 Receipts Expenditures 
 
 1899, $1,403.67 $ 401.11 
 
 1900, 1,043.21 1,923.44 
 
 1901, 3,123.49 4,032.39 
 
 1902, 3,887.20 2,167.06 
 
 1903 4,174.75 4,160.27 
 
 1904, 2,808.01 2,582.27 
 
 1905, 1,593.28 1,758.05 
 
 1906 2,516.36 1,745.03 
 
 1907, 1,930.51 2,689.95 
 
 1908, 1,951.92 3,459.75 
 
 1909, 1,962.20 829.79 
 
 1910, 2,514.91 2,497.84 
 
 1911, 1,954.78 3,052.83 
 
 1912 2,316.02 2,231.61 
 
 1913 2,219.97 1,261.30 
 
 Balance 607.59 
 
 $35,400.28 $35,400.28 
 
 Number of volumes distributed under this fund: 
 
 Annual Meeting Minutes, 937 
 
 Alone w^ith God, 1,973 
 
 Bible Dictionary 1,856 
 
 Bible Manners and Customs, 1,886 
 
 Bible Readings and Studies, 1,036 
 
 232
 
 One Organization 
 
 Bible Atlas, 1,232 
 
 Blaikie's Bible History, 491 
 
 Book of Books, 2,211 
 
 Bound Tracts, 2,499 
 
 Character of Jesus, 250 
 
 Doctrine of the Brethren Defended, 1,325 
 
 Bulwarks of the Faith 703 
 
 Divinity of Christ, 3,000 
 
 Cruden's Concordance, 1,726 
 
 How to Master the English Bible, 1,380 
 
 History of the Brethren, 1,192 
 
 History of Preaching, Vol. I, 250 
 
 Eternal Verities, 2,513 
 
 Life of John Kline, 1,145 
 
 Edersheini's Life of Christ, 2 Vol., 1,504 
 
 Lord's Supper, 3,213 
 
 Modern Secret Societies, 2,367 
 
 Problems of Pulpit and Platform, 1,256 
 
 Resurrection of Christ 1,000 
 
 Seven Churches of Asia 1,164 
 
 Sick, Dying and Dead 1,584 
 
 Square Talk About Inspiration of the Bible, 2,485 
 
 Sunday School Commentary, 8,937 
 
 Schaff's Hist. Christian Church, Vol. 1 877 
 
 Schaffs Hist. Christian Church, Vol. II, 700 
 
 Schaff's Hist. Christian Church, Vol. VI, 452 
 
 Teacher Training with Master Teacher 1,320 
 
 The Twelve Apostles, 1,668 
 
 Nave's Topical Bible, 688 
 
 Topical Text Book, 1,768 
 
 Trine Immersion, 2,504 
 
 Universalism 1,274 
 
 War vs. Peace, 490 
 
 Young Preacher, 1,692 
 
 64,648 
 
 For term of service for each meinber of the Gish 
 Pubhshing Committee see Appendix F. 
 
 Switzerland and France 
 
 At a meeting of the General Mission Board, on 
 January 12, 1899, " G. J. Fercken was advised to 
 
 233
 
 / 
 
 / 
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 investigate Switzerland, and if a suitable opening was 
 found, to begin a mission." No doubt, in this de- 
 ,,jr, cision, the Board was led somewhat 
 
 Switzerland ^^ ^^^ ^^"^ °^ Brother Fercken's own 
 mind, rather than by a call from such 
 a republic as Switzerland, 
 
 On May 15 following, after hearing Brother 
 Fercken's report, the Board decided that he should 
 Place of move. He located in a village called 
 
 Worship Lancy, near Geneva, and began work. 
 
 Needed Soon a place of worship was needed, 
 
 and in February, 1900, D. L. Miller 
 was directed to make an appeal through the col- 
 umns of the Gospel Messenger for the needed funds. 
 In this article (see Gospel Messenger, March 10, 
 1900) this statement was made: 
 
 It was riot until June, 1899, that the first meeting was 
 held and the first Sunday-school opened in Lancy; but be- 
 fore the year closed, two churches had been organized, 
 with a membership of about thirty. The prospect for a 
 good work is very promising indeed, and those who have 
 been received into church fellowship rejoice that they 
 have found a church holding fast to all commandments of 
 our Lord Jesus Christ. 
 
 The Board had a number of items for this new 
 
 mission at its meeting February 13, 1900. Among 
 
 others it was decided that Brother 
 
 Number of pgrcken be authorized to translate 
 Items , . , - 1 ^ 
 
 and prmt a number of tracts; that L. 
 
 Tavel, at Oyonnax, be allowed 400 francs per year, 
 and that money be appropriated to furnish a suit- 
 able meeting-place in the last-named town. At 
 the next meeting, in May, Brother Fercken's sup- 
 
 234
 
 One Organization 
 
 port was increased to $950 per year, but the col- 
 porter whom he desired to employ, was not al- 
 lowed. 
 
 The call for funds for the church building said 
 that " a thousand or twelve hundred dollars would 
 
 buy the ground and build a meeting- 
 , „ . house," but at the meeting of the 
 
 Board, October 23, 1900, there was 
 $1,500 appropriated to cover the debt made on the 
 house, for it cost, lot and all, $2,650. It was unus- 
 ual thus to have a debt brought upon the Board 
 without its consent, and a letter was so addressed 
 to Brother Fercken. He was instructed to have the 
 property deeded to the General Mission Board, if 
 the laws of the land permitted. Later it was discov- 
 ered that a resident of Switzerland, only, could hold 
 the title, and so it was left in Brother Fercken's 
 name. Brother Fercken did not exercise good judg- 
 ment in locating this meetinghouse, as any one 
 knows who has visited the location. It was far to 
 one side of the town, and had few advantages. It 
 was not strange, then, that, seeing the people would 
 not come to worship, the mission was moved over 
 into the city of Geneva, into a rented hall, while 
 the Board, at its meeting on October 8, 1891, ordered 
 the church property sold. At this same meeting 
 Adele Siebeck, at Brother Fercken's suggestion, was 
 
 employed, at 1,000 francs per year 
 Growth (3- franc is about 20c). Brother 
 
 Fercken desired to start a paper in 
 the interests of the church, but this was denied at 
 this time. On the other hand, he was invited to 
 
 235
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 America, to spend the winter and to remain until 
 after the following Annual Meeting, Concerning 
 the work, thus far, Brother Fercken, writing from 
 Geneva, made this report in part : " As I compare 
 the report with the one made one year ago, I notice 
 progress. For Geneva you reported eighteen 
 members; this year there are twenty-two. For 
 France fourteen were reported ; now there are nine- 
 teen. The increase, therefore, in both fields has 
 been nine. ... I do not think our mission here will 
 assume the anticipated proportions we hoped for. 
 The Genevese is too aristocratic, conservative and 
 distrustful to detach himself from old Calvinistic 
 traditions, and embraee principles which he views 
 as an ' American importation ' and * antagonistic to 
 the progress of the age.' ... In France the work 
 could be pushed still further, could I move and set- 
 tle there permanently, or were we able to place 
 some young, active and thoroughly educated man. 
 But the right kind of a man is hard to find." 
 
 In February, 1902, Claude Bernard, of Montreal, 
 
 was allowed 60 francs per month to conduct the 
 
 work at this out-station. Soon after. 
 
 _ , , Brother Fercken opened the mission 
 
 Employed , ^ , , , ^ 
 
 m Lancy, he employed a Brother 
 
 Eikenberger at 1,000 francs per year. The man 
 proved unfaithful, in some manner, and at the Board 
 meeting his support, upon recommendation of Broth- 
 er Fercken, was transferred to Adrian Pellet, a man 
 of Swiss lineage, who had married an English nurse. 
 Both had been with the Salvation Army for some 
 time, and came to Brother Fercken " following bet- 
 
 236
 
 One Organization 
 
 ter light." Because of Brother Fercken's absence in 
 the homeland, on March 13, 1903, Brother Pellet's 
 support was increased to 2,000 francs, and inasmuch 
 as the title to the church property in Lancy was in 
 Birother Fercken's name, he was instructed to give 
 Adele Siebeck a power of attorney, to make a 
 transfer, in case the property were sold before he 
 returned to Geneva again. Upon his return after 
 Conference of 1913, where he served as a member of 
 Standing Committee, Brother Fercken moved to Mon- 
 treal, France, about sixty miles from Geneva. In this 
 typical French village there was an organized body of 
 members. Here he had established an Orphanage, in 
 which were eleven girls and one boy, the support 
 for the first year being met by Sister Geiger, of 
 Philadelphia. Brother and Sister Pellet had charge 
 of the work at Geneva. 
 
 During the next year the ingatherings were a 
 great encouragement. In addition to Oyonnax, 
 Montreal and Martignat, a new sta- 
 Ncw Station tion at Nantua was begun. During 
 the year fourteen had been received 
 into membership. Adele Siebeck continued in 
 charge of the Orphanage in a most commendabk 
 manner. Brother and Sister Pellet met good suc- 
 cess in Geneva, where nine had been baptized. Their 
 Sunday-school reached thirty-two. 
 
 Already, in 1905, there was a feeling that so im- 
 portant a mission as the two, in Switzerland and 
 France, should not be left wholly to the care of per- 
 sons not more fully grounded in the faith of the 
 church than was either Brother Fercken or Brother 
 
 237
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 Pellet. Brother Fercken had been among the Breth- 
 ren in America comparatively but little. Brother 
 
 Pellet never mingled with them, save 
 Disloyalty as visitors came to their stations. 
 
 The Board was searching for a suit- 
 able brother and his wife to send to this field. But 
 for the time being, they were not found, and the 
 work continued. Sad to relate, too, that Brother 
 Fercken, as developed later, was not true to the 
 church supporting him. Secretly he had become an 
 ardent follower of Swedenborg, and as early as 1903 
 had published a book, setting forth his doctrines. 
 The next year another volume came from his pen ; 
 and the next year, 1906, the third. At this time 
 the existence of his publications came to the knowl- 
 edge of the Board. At once each member ordered a 
 set. Apparently this fact was at once communi- 
 cated to Brother Fercken, for before action could 
 be taken, on the part of the Board, Brother Ferck- 
 en left the mission for parts unknown. Soon after. 
 Sister Siebeck also disappeared. 
 
 At the December meeting, 1906, the Board, with 
 heavy hearts, made disposition of matters as best it 
 
 could. Brother Fercken's member- 
 Results ship was referred to the Committee 
 
 which was to visit the churches in 
 Europe the following summer. The Orphanage was 
 discontinued, and the orphans given homes else- 
 where. Pellet's support was put on the same basis 
 as that of the workers in India. In 1907 Brother 
 Bonsack and another brother — the committee who 
 visited this mission, — met the church in Montreal 
 
 238
 
 One Organization 
 
 and formally withdrew membership from Brother 
 Fercken. His wife and children had come to Amer- 
 ica, and no action was taken in their cases. There 
 was nothing filed against them. In the course of 
 time it was learned that G. J. Fercken had located 
 on an island in the Indian Ocean. From this place 
 he made proper release, thus transferring title to 
 the church property at Lancy to Adrian Pellet, who 
 now became the head of the mission. 
 
 The Board made further effort to find an Amer- 
 ican missionary for the field, but did not succeed. 
 In 1909 a number of charges, in writ- 
 Other Reverses ing, were preferred against Brother 
 Pellet by a group of ex-members at 
 Oyonnax. In 1910 the Secretary and his wife, a 
 committee appointed to visit the churches in Eu- 
 rope, met at Geneva a touring party, conducted by 
 W. R. Miller. By special arrangement on the part 
 of the General Mission Board, W. R. Miller, A. B. 
 Barnhart and David Hollinger were asked to assist 
 in hearing the charges against Adrian Pellet in a 
 meeting at Oyonnax. Every facility for a fair trial 
 was provided, — each side had its own interpreter. 
 After spending a whole day, hearing the evidence, 
 the committee decided that what was submitted 
 did not sustain the charges. 
 
 Brother and Sister Pellet continued alone in the 
 mission. In 1911 Brother Paul Mohler and wife 
 answered the call of the Board to this 
 The Closing field, and arrived in Oyonnax, No- 
 vember 29. In a short time Brother 
 Mohler was impressed that all was not well in the 
 
 239
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 mission, — that Brother Pellet's life was not what 
 it should be. A closer analysis of the situation con- 
 firmed his fears. Reluctantly, though bravely, as 
 he gathered command of the language, did he go to 
 the bottom of the trouble, and finally made a full re- 
 port to the General Mission Board. After a careful 
 survey of the whole situation, it seemed wise to the 
 Board not to continue the work either in France or 
 Switzerland. The move of the Board was like en- 
 tering a new field. France was needy enough from 
 many angles, but as a new field the Board did not 
 wish to enter France. It was decided, finally, on 
 August 23, 1912, to withdraw from France entirely, 
 and Brother Mohler was invited home, and to be free 
 from further engagement with the Board. Accord- 
 ing to his own report, none of those whom Brethren 
 Fercken and Pellet reported as members, continued 
 with the Church of the Brethren. 
 
 It is a story of failure, the reader says. Perhaps 
 it is as far as the human mind understands. But 
 
 even if the mission was closed, even 
 er aps o though the trusted leaders proved 
 
 false to their trust, may it not be pos- 
 sible that among those who passed away and were 
 buried, while the false leaders were not known, — 
 there were sincere persons who died in the faith ? 
 May it not be possible that these have received the 
 crown of life because they believed? And should 
 eternity reveal one such, it is enough. God be 
 praised for the efifort in Asia Minor, Switzerland and 
 France ! 
 
 240
 
 Plate 5 
 
 Enoch Eby 
 James Quinter 
 G. Riddlesberger 
 
 S. T. Bosserman 
 E. S. Younjr 
 C. P. Rowland 
 
 D. E. Brubaker 
 D. Vanlman 
 Joseph Leedy
 
 One Organization 
 
 On June 12, 1899, a Hand Book was ordered pub- 
 lished. This contained information about the or- 
 ganization of the Board, qualifica- 
 Hand Book tions of and agreements with the mis- 
 sionaries on the field and such other 
 general information as would be of interest to one 
 wishing to enter the service of the Lord under the 
 direction of the Board. 
 
 In the same year a special committee made report 
 to the General Mission Board on the management 
 
 of the Missionary Reading Circle. Be- 
 Reading Circle fore giving this, it is well tO' outline 
 
 the history of the Circle. With the 
 endeavors of W. B. Stover to quicken interest in 
 missions in general, and India in particular, he con- 
 ceived the idea of starting a Reading Circle of mis- 
 sionary books. The books were to be furnished at 
 cost, the Helping Hand, a small periodical, published 
 by James M. Neff, at Covington, Ohio, was the me- 
 dium of much interchange of thought, and the proj- 
 ect was received with much enthusiasm by those 
 interested in missions. The first Secretary was 
 Edith Newcomer, of WaynesborO', Pennsylvania, 
 while W. B. Stover was President through all its 
 existence. When the Helping Hand was purchased, 
 and brought to Mt. Morris, Illinois, the interests of 
 the Circle, in a large measure, came under the super- 
 vision of the General Mission Board, hence the re- 
 port which follows: 
 
 That, inasmuch as the Publishing Department, four 
 years ago, purchased the "Helping Hand," the official or- 
 gan of the Circle, and have since handled its publication, 
 
 241
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 we recommend that the General Mission' Board appoint 
 and cause to be perpetuated a committee of three whose 
 duties shall be as follows: 
 
 (a) To organize themselves so as to make the officers 
 of said Circle. 
 
 (b) To plan and push the Circle work in the interests 
 of the Church of the Brethren. 
 
 (c) To revise and enlarge the work as thought best. 
 
 (d) To confer with and report to the General Mission 
 Board at least once each year. 
 
 The Committee elected was Mrs. Elizabeth D, 
 Rosenberger, three years ; Otho Winger, two years ; 
 John R. Snyder, one year. 
 
 The course outlined at first was missionary alone; 
 
 later it was made two years' mission, — four books 
 
 ^ per year; and two years religious, 
 
 Course 
 
 Q .. , five books each year. The medium of 
 
 thought was first the Pilot, then the 
 Messenger and last the Missionary Visitor. The 
 membership fee was twenty cents ; the books were 
 supplied at wholesale rates plus postage. On the com- 
 pletion of the course a neat little diploma was given to 
 the reader. As the reading of good books always does 
 
 great good, so this course was a great 
 p , blessing to upward of two thousand of 
 
 its members. The introduction of the 
 Christian Workers' Movement in the church ab- 
 sorbed the energies of the active young people in 
 the church. In accordance with this condition, on 
 January 1, 1906, the Reading Circle ceased, the 
 monthly lessons in the Missionary Visitor were dis- 
 continued, and the weekly topics of the Christian 
 Workers were published in Our Young People, 
 
 242
 
 One Organization 
 
 the official organ for that movement (See Board's 
 Minutes, September 5, 1905, page 70). 
 
 As early as 1895 calls came before the Board, ask- 
 ing for a missionary to be sent into certain parts of 
 
 „. . . Utah, but not until June 3, 1900, did 
 
 Mission in xi. n j • • , 
 
 Tj . the Board move in answering them. 
 
 At this time David S. Filbrun, of 
 Ohio, was chosen to locate in Utah and start a mis- 
 sion. Evidently he wished to know something on 
 location and so on, for at the following meeting, in 
 October, the Board instructed him to push the work 
 with all vigor, that he would be supported finan- 
 cially, and that many questions that would arise 
 must be left to his judgment. Brother Filbrun lo- 
 cated north of Salt Lake City and began work. In 
 the course of a little over a year or so, it was evi- 
 dent that the time was inopportune for other than a 
 long, protracted effort to establish a successful mis- 
 sion, and at the meeting on February 11, 1902, the 
 mission was discontinued. 
 
 Through the aggressive work of D. L. Miller and 
 
 S. W. Hoover, endowment, — the principal securely 
 
 invested and the income alone used by 
 
 Endowment *^^ Board,-was begun. By 1888, 
 $30,000 had been secured by the Gen- 
 eral Mission Board. This attracted attention and some 
 claimed that the Board had no right to solicit. This 
 was settled by a favorable decision by the Confer- 
 ence of 1888, suggesting that both the Mission Board 
 and the Tract Work should continue soliciting. At 
 the same time authority for incorporating was also 
 granted to the General Mission Board. The plan 
 
 243
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 of endowment appealed to many brethren and sis- 
 ters, and by 1900 the endowment fund had grown to 
 $472,057.32 for all properties, — pledges and paid in 
 endowments. At the Conference of 1900 three que- 
 ries came before the assembly, bear- 
 Opposed ing on this endowment. Two of 
 them asked that the endowment be 
 not loaned on first mortgages on farm lands, as had 
 been the policy of the Board thus far. The third 
 asked that the matter of soliciting endowment be 
 discontinued. The whole subject was referred to 
 the following Committee: W. R. Deeter, of Indi- 
 ana; D. L. Miller, of Illinois; G. W. Lentz, of Mis- 
 souri; J. H. Longenecker and James A. Sell, of 
 Pennsylvania. The Committee's report, of more 
 than usual interest, was as follows: 
 
 Your committee had a meeting in Elgin, Illinois, where 
 every opportunity was afforded to make a careful and 
 thorough examination of the present plan of investing and 
 caring for the funds of the church. It was found that 
 the very best that can be done was being done by the 
 General Mission Board with the funds entrusted to its 
 care. However, we recommend that the General Mis- 
 sion Board be authorized to investigate the advantages of 
 purchasing farms as an investment, and if they find it 
 practicable, to so invest such sums as may seem advisable 
 to them. Many of our brethren looking for money to in- 
 vest very much prefer to pay interest to the church. It is 
 found that the endowment fund can not be diverted from 
 the purpose for which it was given by the donors. It was 
 found that every possible care is used in investing the 
 funds. The Secretary-treasurer is under adequate bonds, 
 and vouchers are kept to show where the money goes. 
 Every penny donated is expended in the most careful 
 manner. The General Mission Board give their time free. 
 
 244
 
 One Organization 
 
 Your committee feel that it is due to say that the course 
 pursued in the care of the funds in their charge is worthy 
 of high commendation. It is the opinion of your com- 
 mittee that no funds are more carefully guarded and more 
 sacredly held than are the funds of the church, placed in 
 the hands of the General Mission Board. 
 
 We recommend that no hindrance be thrown in the 
 way of securing funds for the mission work of the church 
 and that our members be encouraged to give as the Lord 
 has prospered them. In presenting the duty of giving to 
 the members of the church, solicitors should always give 
 each one the right to choose his method, and in making 
 endowments, as much as possible, the right of the General 
 Conference to use the fund where thought best to do so, 
 be reserved. 
 
 The General Mission Board thought to try the in- 
 vestment of some of its endowments in lands. It 
 was found that there were too many 
 
 „ °. , ^ difficulties. First, it erave the Board 
 
 Satisfactory , , , , 
 
 much more care and expense to look 
 
 after the investment in land. It put the endowment, 
 
 which is to be fixed, on a speculative basis, — afifect- 
 
 ed by the fluctuations of values. Hence the Board 
 
 returned to first mortgages on farmlands, having 
 
 such margins of security that the force of law is not 
 
 needed to make collections. At the close of the 
 
 fiscal year, 1913, the paid in endow- 
 
 1,°^^ ^ ment reached $722,023.29, while the 
 
 Endowment , r , t-. , 
 
 total assets of the Board were $819,- 
 
 220.59. This does not include pledged endowment, 
 
 which is to be paid in the future. The Board has 
 
 not one dollar of indebtedness. 
 
 Since in 1901 A. W. Vaniman and wife were sent 
 
 to Scandinavia, the history of endeavor in that field 
 
 should be given at this point. 
 
 245
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 Denmark and Sweden 
 
 Perhaps nothing has helped so much to strength- 
 en and encourage the weak congregations in Den- 
 mark and Sweden as the frequent 
 Strengthened visit of members from America. Es- 
 pecially was this so when such a par- 
 ity as D. L. Miller and wife, H. B. Brumbaugh, T. 
 T. Myers and W. L. Bingaman, in 1895, visited 
 them. While they could communicate only through 
 an interpreter, their presence enthused the faithful, 
 and attracted the attention of the adherents. They 
 assisted the churches in their labors, and left them 
 all in good working order. There was no foreign 
 leader among them, so that these visits were all 
 the more precious. 
 
 In 1898 D. L. Miller and wife, accompanied this 
 
 time by Brother Hope, visited the congregations 
 
 again. The latter was asked to remain 
 
 Vammans in ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ months and continue the 
 
 good offices he was so well adapted 
 to render them. In the early part of 1899 
 Brother Hope returned to his family in Amer- 
 ica. In February, 1901, A. W. Vaniman and wife 
 were selected by the Board of that year, approved 
 by the Conference, and they at once entered upon 
 their duties in their new field of labor. In October 
 of the same year, Bro. Vaniman was granted per- 
 mission to start a little church paper. The first issue 
 of the Evangelii Budbarare was published the fol- 
 lowing January and continued for three years. It 
 was a great help to the membership. Brother and 
 Sister Vaniman visited and labored among the 
 the churches in Denmark also. 
 
 246
 
 One Organization 
 
 247
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 In the fall of 1902 E. M. Cobb, D. C. Campbell 
 and A, C. Wieand traveled among the churches, and 
 Brother Vaniman reported, "Such 
 Many Visitors visits of brethren are of great bene- 
 fit to the members here." In 1904 
 D. L. Miller and wife, I. Bennett Trout, W. R. Mil- 
 ler, M. R. Murray, and S. P. Berkebile and wife, — 
 the last named couple on their way to India as mis- 
 sionaries, — paid a visit to the members. Brother 
 Miller and wife, and Brother Trout attended a Dis- 
 trict Meeting and assisted there. The church was 
 much built up and Brother and Sister Vaniman 
 greatly encouraged. They felt there were some very 
 discouraging features in their field and so reported 
 in the next Annual Report. 
 
 The climatic conditions were such as to have an 
 ill effect on a disease that Brother Vaniman inher- 
 ited from his mother, and in the fall 
 Failing Health of 1905 they returned to the home- 
 land, and Sweden and Denmark were 
 again without a foreign leader. In 1907 Chas. D. 
 Bonsack and another brother made a hasty tour 
 among the churches, including a visit to France, — 
 in all not over ten weeks. In 1910 the Secretary 
 and his wife spent nearly three months among the 
 Scandinavian members. 
 
 At the Conference of 1911 J. F. Graybill and wife 
 were approved for Sweden and that summer arrived 
 in Malmo. They have been laboring 
 New Workers faithfully. They now have the lan- 
 guage, and are leading the work in 
 preaching, teaching Bible classes and prayer meet- 
 
 248
 
 One Organization 
 
 cSki 
 
 UOlo 
 
 p'liebolo 
 
 llpiil»lio''Hell?fon. "^BlttrihenBAma" oBan»t*^B«ri,fruiin» ° '; \ 
 
 
 I 
 
 Orfbro, 
 
 fe«. Bofor, : =Ben-^dj^S« """"i*"*- 
 
 Eun^si 
 
 
 MrVmtUi 
 
 
 c^*?>*:;n'^^ 
 
 U.&riefre<l 
 
 Vreoa 
 
 UcJUedlieD" „ \ >J S/^ FuirAA" J." °^ oKalrli 
 
 
 -^T-58. 
 
 TJLAhfci""' 
 
 Ruu^lnul 
 
 Bv,i>U»n,» Vlg,«r,d/BM>d.j.o 'S„,„f„4o, V»do,u, 
 
 8ui.clbatoeQbkmln«wj<l(^Safiloo - Hy.cna(l4 ,-.«■ 
 
 F»lkeuber^cM«b«rjJ""'P 
 
 Aomu 
 
 
 
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 W 
 
 O 
 
 H«rpUnJf o -J^l^jj Ooliien tlnlorpV',""''* ol> ' 
 
 GOTLAND 
 
 GarJrttqgi 
 
 LSKraoHIu 
 KlIntchajin?"'«fflSBiAle; 
 
 KoD«baiDD£^ I 
 
 Burgsvll^y I 
 
 / • ^ . . 1 — ^ 6' 
 
 /cfiodv.k H„iUB<.T^Ie 
 
 El<i»b«rgio^Weiose Dylarg^ o l'""! 
 Libolia^^^ — ^-Nx-^Trnhfrj (1 
 
 F«rs\f' tkqUfrp Ousl,/, .„ *''' 
 
 Sme4b J o 
 
 pDLANO 
 
 Kill 
 
 oUolmsjo, 
 Bpju' 
 
 56_JbjUliii£bors 
 
 
 laluoft 
 
 
 ^^«|ol!«p^ Krl.tT.u.-'- •" ■' 
 
 ^^tveiodo yXbua 
 
 °J|<iad 
 
 jtliunr 
 i.jo/ f =ili>^^gyrsia 
 
 uCioibnsbamu 
 
 .'5 
 
 16 
 
 SWEDEN 
 
 Scale of Miles 
 "zu 3u 60 BU 
 
 100 
 
 249
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 ing, also being able to entertain and direct in pri- 
 vate, social intercourse. At the Conference of 1913 
 Ida Buckingham was approved for Sweden, and 
 goes to assist in the work. At this same Annual 
 Conference A. F. Wine and wife were approved for 
 the Danish field, to which they feel the Lord has 
 called them. They, with their children, save the 
 oldest son who remained with his grandfather in Vir- 
 ginia, sailed for Denmark on June 14, 1913. This 
 field has long been neglected, as far as having an 
 American leader among them is concerned. The 
 leaders living there have been faithful, but have 
 grown old in the service. 
 
 Both fields are of such a character that visible 
 progress may appear slow for a while, but the Lord 
 has many people to be gathered into 
 Great Reasons the fold of consecrated service. The 
 State Church, so nominal in its 
 church activities, is a hindrance, but its very lack of 
 life is one of the great reasons for pressing forward 
 in the mission, 
 
 "For years, even ever since his youth, D. L. Miller 
 had been collecting books of travel, literature, his- 
 tory, religion, besides well-selected 
 
 1 rary commentaries and books of reference, 
 
 Presented 
 
 until he had, perhaps, the largest pri- 
 vate library in the Brotherhood. In May, 1894, be- 
 fore sailing on his two years' trip abroad, he pre- 
 sented the entire library to the General Mission 
 Board on the following conditions : 
 
 1. If we succeed in selling out home at Mt. Morris, 
 now offered for sale, we will at once ship the library to 
 
 250
 
 One Organization 
 
 Elgin, where it can be, stored until the new building is 
 completed, and a room prepared for the books. If the 
 house is not sold, it will remain where it is until some fu- 
 ture time. In the event of the death of myself and wife, 
 on our contemplated tour of Europe, Asia and Africa, 
 the library will at once be turned over to the Board. 
 
 2. It shall be the duty of the Board to prepare a suita- 
 ble room for the library, making it as safe as possible 
 from fire. 
 
 3. No book shall be removed from the library except 
 by editors or their assistants, and these only to the edi- 
 torial rooms, to be returned again to the library, as soon 
 as the purpose for removing them has been subserved. 
 
 4. All books received for literary notices, or that may 
 have been received, or that now belong to the Brethren 
 Publishing House, shall be placed in the library, as far 
 as it may adopt, for the regulation of the library. 
 
 5. The Board shall see that the library is properly cared 
 for and may make such efforts as it deems expedient, from 
 time to time, to add books to it either by donations or 
 by purchase. 
 
 The General Mission Board readily accepted the 
 unusual and generous gift with many thanks, and 
 
 directed that H. C. Early should write 
 Library Vault up the extent of the library in the 
 
 Gospel Messenger. In 1906, when 
 the north half of the present Publishing House was 
 erected, a library vault, — heavy brick walls and rein- 
 forced concrete ceiling, — twenty-six by thirty-eight 
 feet, — was built for this purpose, as well as to con- 
 tain other valuable things and records in the inter- 
 est of the church. Here may be found almost com- 
 plete files of all the church periodicals from the be- 
 ginning, known as the Allen Boyer donation. 
 Soon after this gift was made to the Brotherhood, 
 
 251
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 D. L. Miller and his wife, and I. Bennett Trout vis- 
 ited the churches in Denmark and 
 Appreciation Sweden. On August 6, the other four 
 members of the General Mission 
 Board, — namely: A. B. Barnhart, John Zuck, H. C. 
 Early and S. F. Sanger, — drew up the following res- 
 olutions, regarding their colaborer, D. L. Miller, and 
 had them spread on the Minutes : 
 
 Whereas, our dear brother, D, L, Miller and wife, ex- 
 pect to sail September 1 for a sojourn of two years in 
 the Orient, we, his associate members of the General 
 Mission Board, desire to express our appreciation of 
 
 1. His services of twenty-one years as a member of this 
 Board, and his faithful performance of his duties as its 
 chairman. 
 
 2. His Christian character and his faithfulness to the 
 church and her interests. 
 
 3. His spirit of fairness and kindness to the other mem- 
 bers of the Board, as well as towards others in general. 
 
 4. We also express our interest in his intended jour- 
 ney, and pray that our kind Heavenly Father may bless 
 him, and also his wife, who has been the joy and inspira- 
 tion of his life, and that they both may have a pleasant 
 and profitable journey, and return to us in good health 
 for years of service, dear to their hearts, as well as ours. 
 
 For a number of years previous. Committees from 
 Conference to settle troubles in congregations. 
 Mission were ordered paid by the General 
 
 Money for Mission Board. This produced dis- 
 
 Missions Only satisfaction on the part of some, and 
 several queries came to Conference of 1904, asking 
 that " all mission money be used exclusively for 
 mission purposes." The request was granted. At 
 the same meeting, because "of the peculiar relation 
 which the General Mission Board sustain to the 
 
 252
 
 One Organization 
 
 General Brotherhood," its members were exempted 
 
 from serving on any committee work to churches. 
 
 Through the rapidly-growang Brotherhood by 
 
 emigration into new parts of the country, as well 
 
 as settling in the cities, there was an 
 
 ys em unusual demand for help to build 
 
 Approved . , -r- i , i- 
 
 meetmghouses. l^ach locality, on its 
 
 own initiative, started out to secure money. Con- 
 gregations, whose fame had spread as liberal givers, 
 were solicited frequently, while other parts were 
 neglected. There was a lack of system and with it 
 confusion and discouragement. In 1906, in order 
 to avoid all this and bring help upon a systematic 
 basis, the Conference decided that 
 
 Whenever help is desired by any congregation or mis- 
 sion point, it shall first solicit its own congregation; then, 
 by permission of the District Mission Board, solicit the 
 District in which the congregation is located. Then, if 
 further help is needed, said congregation shall petition 
 the General Mission Board, the petition first being en- 
 dorsed by the District Mission Board. 
 
 It was at the Conference of 1906, also, that the 
 first missionaries to China were approved, and the 
 following is a history of the growth of mission work 
 in China. 
 
 China 
 While agitation for a mission in China runs back 
 through the last half century, not until 1900 did 
 any real interest manifest itself for 
 
 Chi^a*'°" ^°'' ^^^^ ^^^'^- ^^ ^^^ ''^^^^ °^ ^^^ ^^^'' 
 John R. Snyder wrote on "Why 
 
 a Mission Should Be Opened in China," and after 
 
 showing the needs of the field in a brief way, he 
 
 stated that as soon as there was sentiment enough 
 
 253
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 in favor of the mission in the Brotherhood, the Gen- 
 eral Mission Board would be ready to begin. Fol- 
 lowing this was a series of well-prepared articles by 
 J. S. Andes, during 1901, in which he sought to raise 
 funds and thus provide the way. The General Mis- 
 sion Board authorized the getting out of needed sta- 
 tionery to conduct his campaign. This agitation 
 showed itself in gifts for a China mission as follows: 
 
 Total amount donated till March 31, 1901, $227.15. 
 Total amount donated till March 31, 1902, $435.50. 
 Total amount donated till March 31, 1906, $1,125.32. 
 Total amount donated till March 31, 1908, $1,651.08. 
 
 The above years are selected because 1902 in- 
 cludes all funds donated through the interest 
 
 worked up by Brother Andes' arti- 
 No Great ^j^^ ^g^^ shows the amount accumu- 
 
 Interest , , , , n . ■ • ■ ^ 
 
 lated when the first missionaries to 
 
 China were set apart; and 1908 shows how much 
 
 was on hand when the missionaries sailed for China. 
 
 The sentiment developed for a China Mission was 
 
 not very great. 
 
 At a meeting of the General Mission Board on 
 
 May 26, 1906, it was decided to open a mission in 
 
 China, and a committee was appoint- 
 First Workers ^^ ^^ j^^^ ^p pj^^g ^Q ^ggj^ ^j^g 
 
 oelected , a c j • 
 
 work. As far as a record is con- 
 cerned, that committee never made a report. But 
 at the Springfield Conference, of 1906, F. H. Crum- 
 packer and wife, and Em-ma Horning were approved 
 as missionaries for China. They did not sail that 
 fall, for it was thought best to spend some time on 
 the home base, developing a stronger interest in 
 
 254
 
 One Organization 
 
 In Northern part. Ping Ting Chou and Liao Chou, the two 
 stations of Church of Brethren Missions in China. 
 
 255
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 Chir.a. To this end Brother Crumpacker spent his 
 energies in working among the churches and doing 
 all he could for the new field. At the meeting of 
 July 24, 1907, the Board did not think it prudent to 
 send the three approved, alone to that far-away- 
 field, and asked the party to remain in the homeland 
 for another year, with the hope that others would 
 join the party in another year. 
 
 This came to pass, for at the Conference of 1908 
 
 Geo, W. Hilton and wife were approved. The party 
 
 of five began preparations at once, 
 
 Sailing to ^^^ ^^jj^^ ^^^^ Seattle, Washington, 
 
 in the latter part of August on the 
 steamship Minnesota, and arrived in Shanghai, 
 China, on September 25, after a most pleasant voy- 
 age, and made their home for a short time with Mr. 
 Evans. They then proceeded to Hankau by river 
 boat, where they were hospitably entertained by the 
 China Inland Mission. Then, by freight car, they 
 proceeded to Tai Yuen Fu, in the Shansi Province, 
 where, through the kindness of missionaries of an- 
 other Board, a good home had been provided for 
 them. A cordial greeting awaited them, which did 
 much to make them happy in the beginning of their 
 locating in China. 
 
 The following March (1909) Brethren Crumpack- 
 er and Hilton made a tour of the territory where 
 
 they would likely take a station, sell- 
 Prospecting ing Bibles and prospecting the field. 
 
 Favorable impressions were gathered, 
 and shortly after, in the spring of 1909, the mission 
 party located at Ping Ting Chou. Language study was 
 
 256
 
 Plate 6 
 
 Opposite 256 
 
 Chas. H. Hawbaker 
 Jacob Hepner 
 S. R. Zug 
 
 L. A. Plate 
 S. F. Sanger 
 S. W. Hoover 
 
 J. L,. Miller 
 C. W. Lahman 
 Isaac Frantz
 
 One Organization 
 
 the first thing, all the time, but during- recreation 
 time all was- done for the Chinese that was within 
 reach. 
 
 During the latter part of 1909 Brother Hilton 
 took sick, and in the spring of 1910 it was thought 
 best for him to return to the home- 
 Sickness and j^^^ ^^^ ^^ operation on his knee, 
 Return , ,.,,,. ^, . 
 
 and to rebuild his constitution. Ihis 
 
 left Brother Crumpacker and wife and Sister Horn- 
 ing alone on the field. April 3, 1910, two young men 
 were baptized, — the first converts in China. Stead- 
 ily the work was pushed, and the band was still 
 further encouraged by the arrival of Minerva Metz- 
 ger, who had been approved by the Conference of 
 1910, and had proceeded to the field alone, arriving 
 October 15. During the year an opium refuge mis- 
 sion had been established. Through having fairly 
 good command of the language, house-to-house 
 work, and missions in general, were begun. 
 
 The St. Joseph, Missouri, Conference of 1911 will 
 
 always be precious in the memory of many, because 
 
 _ , that year such a large number of Chi- 
 
 Throes of , j r ^u 
 
 J, , ... nese workers were approved for the 
 
 field. There were B. F. Heckman, 
 wife, and two little children, Homer Bright, wife 
 and two children, Anna Hutchison and Winnie 
 Cripe; and then Geo. Hilton, wife and son, return- 
 ing. It was a goodly party that sailed for China 
 that fall. Arriving in Tien Tsin, they found their 
 future home in the throes of rebellion. The party 
 remained at Tien Tsin. The missionaries from the 
 interior were ordered to the coast. The winter of 
 
 257
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 1911 and '13 was one of some anxiety, close study 
 and great dependence upon God. 
 
 In the spring the war cloud passed away, to the 
 extent that some of the missionaries went inland. 
 Shansi, fortunately, had not been the 
 Liao Chou scene of much conflict. In the fall of 
 
 1912, the mission party gathered at 
 Ping Ting Chou for a ten days' fellowship, and 
 then Geo.' W. Hilton and wife, Homer Bright 
 and wife, and Sisters Hutchison and Gripe started 
 on their three day's journey to Liao Chou, the new 
 station. Opium Refuge work was established, a dis- 
 pensary was started, and all were doing well at both 
 stations. 
 
 During the holidays smallpox broke out in the home 
 of B. F. Heckman at Ping Ting Chou. Little Esther 
 „. , , came down first. Dr. Hemingway, 
 
 jQg^^jj^ two days distant, after an urgent call, 
 
 came and stayed three days, resting 
 her parents who were greatly run down physically. 
 Soon after. Brother Heckman took the disease in its 
 most virulent form. Dr. Lewis, of Tai Yuen Fu, also 
 two days distant, left his pressing duties to make one 
 call. Kind hands in the mission did all they could. 
 Soon Sister Heckman took her bed in the same room, 
 with the same disease. On January 12, 1913, Broth- 
 er Heckman died and was buried. The little band 
 was in great sorrow, and when the cablegram reached 
 the homeland, the heart of the Brotherhood ached 
 and was sad. 
 
 Right after the war, through the earnest solicita- 
 tions of the China General Relief Committee, Broth- 
 er Hilton assisted in distributing relief in famine- 
 
 258
 
 One Organization 
 
 stricken territory. He returned later with sixteen 
 orphan children, and this became the basis of a China 
 
 Orphanage. The sum of $5,000 was 
 Orphanage voted to erect suitable buildings, which 
 
 are now under the process of construc- 
 tion. The Orphanage now has forty boys in it. Dur- 
 ing the year seven have been baptized. 
 
 Brother Heckman's death, sad to think about, was 
 
 not without fruits. Ever since the opening of the 
 
 mission, the Board wanted to send a 
 
 _ .^ doctor. The workers asked that one 
 
 Fruits 
 
 be hired and sent for a term of 
 years, but this was not thought prudent, at the time. 
 But when it was announced that Brother Heckman 
 had died without proper medical attention, and a 
 call was sent forth for some one to go for each of 
 the two stations, then it was that Dr. O. G. Bru- 
 baker and wife said, "Here am I ; send me." Dr. Fred 
 G. Wampler and wife were just completing medical 
 work, and planned on going. This, then, made a 
 physician for each station, for the stations are about 
 three days' journey apart. Dr. Brubaker, who has 
 a good practice in his home town, has had many ob- 
 stacles to overcome, and it is with much sacrifice 
 that he is planning to go. In addition to these two 
 doctors, Ernest Vaniman and wife, and Anna V. 
 Blough, also go to this field. Emma Horning, who 
 was compelled to come home on account of sickness, 
 in the spring ol 1912, will return to the field. The 
 party plans on sailing September 29, 1913, from 
 Seattle, on the steamship Minnesota. 
 
 259
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 It can hardly be said that the Church of the Breth- 
 ren has begun missions in China, when one looks at 
 the almost countless millions there, 
 Hardly Begun waiting for the Christ. Yet, what 
 has been done during the last five 
 years, shows every indication of a commendable 
 zeal, which God surely will bless. 
 
 In anticipation of the Bicentennial Commemora- 
 tion, in 1908, the General Mission Board issued a 
 call for $100,000, as special missionary 
 $100 000 offering at the Des Moines, Iowa, An- 
 
 nual Conference. The congregations 
 were thoroughly canvassed and the subject prom- 
 inently brought before them, but the offering fell 
 far below the amount. It was, however, a decided 
 increase over former years, and showed a commend- 
 able interest on the part of many for missions. 
 
 A number of members had located on the Island of 
 
 Cuba, and at the December, 1907, meeting asked 
 
 that a missionary sister be sent to 
 
 _, , assist them in their church work. The 
 
 Cuba 
 
 need of a meetinghouse brought forth 
 
 the permission, at the meeting of June 7, 1908, to 
 the congregation at Omaja, Cuba, to make a general 
 solicitation of not to exceed $500, from the Brother- 
 hood. Blanche Lentz was approved to go, but after- 
 wards, upon solicitation, she continued as editor of the 
 Inglenook; there was no other sister willing to go, 
 though the subject was laid on the hearts of several. 
 They did not feel the call of God to enter that field. On 
 May 30, 1909, the decision was changed to send a 
 brother and sister, if they could be found. The 
 
 260
 
 One Organization 
 
 Board held this need before the Brotherhood, but 
 
 there was none to go. Later an appeal was made 
 
 . ., , . , to start an industrial school on the 
 
 An Industrial • , , t 111 
 
 School island, it was ruled that, since the 
 
 Board did not have funds for 
 such purpose, nothing could be done at the time. 
 However, Grant Mahan, who was before the Board 
 at that time, was given permission and authority to 
 secure the funds to begin an industrial school. In 
 1911 data were gathered as to the feasibility of un- 
 dertaking such a school, the result of which was a 
 report not very encouraging. On April 12, 1912, 
 the Board renewed its determination to try to get a 
 minister to locate in Cuba, and do regular mission 
 work and report developments. The island offers 
 a splendid opportunity for evangelistic labors, but 
 for some reason the field does not appeal to those 
 desiring to enter mission service as do some other 
 fields. 
 
 On December 2, 1908, S. N. McCann was appoint- 
 ed Traveling Secretary for the Board and made a 
 splendid canvass of the churches. They responded 
 liberally to the endowment through his efforts. 
 
 To some, Jerusalem, Syria, has always appealed 
 as a proper place to have a mission. Even if the 
 field were not so promising, the 
 Jerusalem Church of the Brethren should be 
 
 represented in that historic city, made 
 sacred, long ago, by the presence of the world's Re- 
 deemer. Prompted by such sentiments, in part at 
 least, Stephen Johnson, of Lordsburg, California, 
 at the meeting of October 13, 1909, offered to sup- 
 
 261
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 port, through endowment, a missionary and his wife 
 in the city of Jerusalem. The offer was accepted 
 with greatest appreciation. The Board has sought 
 for the brother, but thus far none has been found 
 who is willing to go. 
 
 There appears to be a number of worthy young 
 people who would be glad to serve the church in 
 Help to ^^^ mission field but, unfortunately, 
 
 Prepare they do not have the means to pre- 
 
 Workers pare themselves to go. This condi- 
 
 tion has confronted the General Mis- 
 sion Board for some time, and the Conference in 
 1910 provided the following plan which, it is hoped, 
 will in a measure help to prepare workers for the 
 field: 
 
 That the General Mission Board shall pass upon all 
 applicants as to general fitness and issue a certificate of 
 approval, conditioned on final acceptance, when ready to 
 enter service. 
 
 That the congregations, tributary to the seve'ral schools 
 and colleges, are urged to contribute funds for current 
 needs and for endowment, for the purposes herein set 
 forth, and 
 
 That the District Meeting, or Meetings, in the territory 
 tributary to the several schools and colleges, shall pro- 
 vide some plan to aid the school or college in their ter- 
 ritory to create and properly care for such fund, and 
 
 That the schools and colleges are hereby authorized to 
 solicit their respective territories in harmony with the 
 plan adopted by their respective District Meetings, and 
 to determine on what conditions and to what extent each 
 approved applicant is to receive aid. 
 
 In the manner of conducting the meetings of the 
 Board, the December 21, 1910, meeting had a de- 
 
 262
 
 One Organization 
 
 parture, which, if followed up, must result in good. 
 At this meeting, the President, in a formal paper, not 
 
 Formal ^^^^ reviewed the work of the Board, 
 
 Suggestions but offered suggestions on a num- 
 ber of subjects for serious consid- 
 eration at its earliest possible convenience. In this 
 there is opened the way for thought and leadership 
 in missionary progress that should be productive 
 of much good. 
 
 In 1911 J. S. Albright, who planned to travel con- 
 siderably in South America, urged the Board, 
 
 through some very liberal offers, to 
 
 South •• I,- • i^- ..1 
 
 . . jom him m prospectmg, with a view 
 
 of opening a mission somewhere in 
 Argentina. The Board, not unmindful of the 
 brother's liberal offer, did not see its way clear to 
 accept. After spending considerable time on the 
 sister continent, he was before the Board again, at 
 Winona Lake, Indiana, in June, 1913, and repeated 
 his offers with personal emphasis. He believes that 
 South America has a great future and is willing to 
 prove his faith in a very practical way. The sub- 
 ject is deferred for the further consideration of the 
 Board. 
 
 On November 21, 1911, J. F. Appleman was ap- 
 pointed a Traveling Secretary for the Board. His 
 
 labors have been for the most part in 
 Appleman as ^ ,. ^, , . . 
 
 Secretary Indiana. 1 he returns are increasing, 
 
 the amount of endowment secured has 
 been encouraging, and the missionary sentiment he is 
 moulding will continue to bring forth fruit for Mis- 
 sions. 
 
 263
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 At the St. Joseph Conference, in 1911, two impor- 
 tant decisions were made. First that laymen may 
 be sent to the field as missionaries. It 
 aym n y ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^j^^ policy to send ministers 
 
 only. But the workers were so scarce 
 that, by this decision, the door was opened to send any 
 qualified layman. 
 
 The other action is of a missionary educational 
 
 nature. It is for the churches at 
 Educational home, and has brought good results 
 
 where set to work. The plan, pre- 
 pared by J. J. Yoder and Chas. D. Bonsack, is as fol- 
 lows : 
 
 With a view of securing unity, cooperation, and the full- 
 est efficiency of each congregation, whereby the church 
 shall be enabled to fulfill its mission to the world, the 
 General Mission Board submits to the Annual Confer- 
 ence of 1911 the following plan for approval: 
 
 I. That a committee of three or more, who are actively 
 interested in missions, preferably representatives of the 
 several organizations of the congregation, be appointed 
 in each congregation by the church in council, whose du- 
 ties shall be to cooperate with the elder or pastor: 
 
 1. To develop the home and foreign missionary inter- 
 est, by the use of literature, missionary meetings, mission 
 study or otherwise. 
 
 2. To have some system of giving by every one, along 
 the scriptural lines of cheerful, proportionate and weekly 
 giving, and to solicit all personally to this end. 
 
 3. To promote personal service and devotion in the life 
 of the individual. 
 
 II. That the District Mission Boards appoint a Dis- 
 trict Secretary, to be approved by the District Meeting, 
 whose duty it shall be to assist congregations to organ- 
 ize, adopt, and make operative the plan herein outlined. 
 
 264
 
 One Organization 
 
 That the Secretary report annually to the District Meet- 
 ing and to the General Mission Board. 
 
 III. It shall be the duty of the General Mission Board 
 to assist, in every way, in making effective this work, 
 through correspondence, traveling secretaries, tracts and 
 otherwise. 
 
 For a number of years there was a growing feel- 
 ing, especially among the majority of the members 
 Closer Union of the District Mission Boards, that 
 Between there was not a sufficient bond of 
 
 Boards union between their work and that 
 
 of the General Mission Board. On the part of some 
 of the Boards indifference was manifested in their 
 work, and there seemed to be no remedy. In order 
 that there should be closer cooperation and helpful- 
 ness, the Conference of 1913 changed Section 4 of 
 the plan of 1893 to read as follows : 
 
 The General Mission Board shall 
 
 (a) Cooperate with the respective District Boards in 
 developing interest and support for both District and Gen- 
 eral Missions: 
 
 (h) Collect and publish an annual report of all Dis- 
 trict missionary effort and other information, helpful to 
 the Districts; and 
 
 (c) When needed, carry forward District mission work, 
 including missions among foreigners in the United States. 
 
 In order to secure assistance, a congregation must first, 
 by subscription or otherwise, determine what amount it 
 can raise; then petition the District Board for needed as- 
 sistance. If said District Board is unable to render as- 
 sistance, either entire or in part, then said petition shall, 
 upon recommendations of the District Board, be consid- 
 ered by the General Mission Board, and proper assistance 
 rendered. 
 
 265
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 Missions by District Mission Boards 
 
 Up to the date of the Conference decision in 1913, 
 just recorded, the relation of the General Mission 
 Board to each District Mission Board was one of 
 outside helpfulness, — that is, if the District Board 
 needed financial help, it called on the General Mis- 
 sion Board, and if the latter had the funds on hand, 
 assistance was appropriated. The extent of such 
 aid is seen in column "e" of table on page 271. If 
 the General Mission Board did not have the funds, 
 it granted no further help, neither did it concern it- 
 self how the needy District Board would get along 
 without the help. The General Board, according to 
 the plan of 1884, was to have nothing to do with 
 District Missions beyond this possible assistance. 
 The District Mission Boards were accountable to 
 their own State Districts, and if both Board and Dis- 
 trict were indifferent to the needs of their own ter- 
 ritory, that, apparently, ended it all. There was no 
 remedy. 
 
 This situation had its advantages. It avoided 
 making a central power out of the General Mission 
 Board, and threw the burden of work and direction 
 upon men on or near the place where the mission 
 work was being done. But it also had its disadvan- 
 tages. First, the territory was not equally divided. 
 A frontier District, like North and South Carolina, 
 Georgia and Florida, all in one, was a field the Dis- 
 trict Mission Board of which was unable to handle, 
 while Middle Maryland, for an example on the other 
 hand, was a territory of several small counties in 
 one State. The contrast was still more striking 
 
 266
 
 One Organization 
 
 from another angle. The former District had a few 
 congregations, with a few members in limited cir- 
 cumstances, scattered over a large territory, while 
 the latter District had financially and numerically 
 strong congregations, living close together. It is 
 no disrespect to the frontier Districts to say that 
 their talent, good as far as it went, was scarce, while 
 in the " inside " Districts talent was plentiful, of 
 the best, and often lying idle. This made the prob- 
 lem of District Missions a peculiar one in this, that 
 the "inside" District Boards had a comparatively 
 easy task, while the frontier boards had discourag- 
 ingly large ones. True, the General Mission Board 
 sought to be an " equalizer " between the strong 
 and the weak, and did help financially, but the great 
 lack was not only means, but MEN, — more capable 
 men to solve the BIG problems of District missions 
 in frontier territory. 
 
 Further, in many Districts, District missions were 
 a sort of a side issue, and did not receive from the 
 District the support and prayers they should have 
 had. Annual Conference, up to 1913, had not made 
 any provisions to help these District Boards, They 
 were rarely given any word of recognition. They 
 had common problems, were laboring in similar ter- 
 ritory, and interchange of thought and experience 
 would have been helpful. A few attempts were 
 made to have the members of the District Boards 
 meet at some time during the Conference. First 
 the meeting was held in the Tabernacle, but the 
 speakers, it would appear, talked to be heard by the 
 miscellaneous assemblage that came to listen, rath- 
 
 267
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 er than for the benefit of the other members of the 
 Boards present. Several meetings were held for 
 members of District Boards only, and these have 
 been very helpful. It is hoped that out of the de- 
 cision of 1913, w^ill grow a plan by which the Dis- 
 trict Boards and the General Board will come closer 
 together in helping each other. 
 
 If all the foregoing, and perhaps other points not 
 mentioned, are taken into account, the record of the 
 State District Boards, on the whole, is a good one. 
 That a closer study of the subject may be available, 
 a tabulated history is given here, compiled from re- 
 ports made during the spring of 1913. But here, again 
 difficulties have been met. Many Districts did not 
 keep records at first and the reports from some an- 
 gles are incomplete or only estimated. In several 
 instances large Districts have been divided, which 
 makes it difficult to give proper credit; some Dis- 
 tricts have grown weaker through emigration, and 
 this in spite of all that the District Board could 
 do. In the tables following the officer making the 
 report did his best, with the data at hand, and it is 
 given for what it is worth. An approximately ac- 
 curate statement of District Missions from the be- 
 ginning to the spring of 1913, is given in the second 
 table. 
 
 268
 
 One Organization 
 
 THE DISTRICTS AND TEE NAMES 07 THE MEKBEBS 
 OF EACH BOARD. TIME WHEN TERM OF SERVICE 
 
 EXPIRES. 
 
 1. Arkansas and Southeastern Missouri, H. I. Buechley, 1915; 
 
 J. H. Whitcher. 1914; P. F. Boyt, 1913. 
 
 2. California, Northern, No Report. 
 
 3. California, Southern, W. E. Trestle, 1913; W. H. Werten- 
 
 baker, 1917; Geo. Basher, 1916; C. W. Guthrie, 1916; 
 Ira B. Netzley, 1916. 
 
 4. Colorado, Western and Utah, J. A. Austin, 1915; A. A. 
 
 "Weaver, 1914; W. R. Hernbaker, 1913. 
 
 5. Idaho and Western Montana, L. H. Eby, 1914; S. S. Neher, 
 
 1915; David Betts, 1916. 
 
 6. Illinois, Northern, and Wisconsin, John Heckman, 1915; 
 
 Elmer Zuck, 1913; M. W. Emmert, 1914; J. H. B. 
 Williams, 1917; James M. Moere, 1916. 
 
 7. lUinois, Southern, D. J. Blickenstaff, 1917; E. E. Bru- 
 
 baker, 1915; G. W. Sensenbaugh, 1916; H. H. Gruber, 
 1914; J. J. Scrogum, 1913. 
 
 8. Indiana, Middle, D. M. Byerly, 1914; J. H. Neff, 1913; 
 
 J. B. Bailey, 1916; J. G. Stinebaugh, 1917; J. W. Norris, 
 1915. 
 
 9. Indiana, Northern, D. R. Toder, 1915; Frank Kreider, 1913; 
 
 J H Schrock 1914. 
 
 10. Indiana, Southern, D. W. Bowman, 1914; E. P. Dunbar, 
 
 1915; John F. Shoemaker, 1913. ^^ ^^ 
 
 11. Iowa, Middle, W. E. West, 1915; E. C. Trostle, 1914; W. H. 
 
 Royer, 1913; A. M. Stine, 1915; D. W. Wise, 1913. 
 
 12. Iowa, Northern and Minnesota, I. M. Forney, 1915; H. C. 
 
 Sheller, 1915; T. L. Kimmel, 1914 ,„,o ttt 
 
 13 Iowa, Southern, D. F. Sink, 1913; Peter Brower, 1913; W. 
 D. Grove. 1914. , . „ ^ -r, 
 
 14. Kansas, Northeastern, R. A. Toder, 1915; H. L. Brammel, 
 
 1917; C. W. Shoemaker, 1916; I. L. Hoover, 1913; Benj. 
 Forney, 1914. ^ „ , , . „ 
 
 15. Kansas, Northwestern and Northeastern Colorado, AC. 
 
 Daggett, 1916; D. A. Crist, 1917; T. E. George, 1914; 
 C. A. Ball, 1913; F. A. Wagner, 1913. ^ „ ^^t u 
 
 16. Kansas, Southeastern, S. E. Lantz, 1915; D. P. Neher, 
 
 17. Kansas', Southwestern and Southern Colorado, J. J. Yoder, 
 
 1915- M J. Mishler, 1914; D. Hamm, 1915; John N. 
 Dresher, 1914; F. A. Vaniman, 1913. 
 
 18. Maryland, Eastern, Chas. D. Bonsack 1914; W E Reop, 
 
 1914; G. S. Harp, 1915; F. D. Anthony, 1915; Geo. S. 
 
 19. MaryiaS' mddie, David M. Zuck. 1913; D. Victor Long. 
 13. •"'-aY^g. ^^^^^ ^^^g^ J917. joi^n S. Bowlus, 1914; John E. 
 
 20 Ma^yland,^ western, A. L. Sines. 1915 ; James W Beeghley 
 ao. aiaryiaiiu, ^ ^bernathy, 1913; Daniel Baker, 1917; Perry 
 
 21 MiSi^lrc'K'^ilkins. 1913; Peter B. Messner. 1914; S. 
 
 21. »^cni|a^ 1914; J. E. Ulrey. 1915; D. E. Sower. 1915- 
 
 22. Missouri, Middle, Ira Witmore. 1914; L. B. Ihrig. 1915; 
 
 23. Mis^solri,''NSrn?'j.' S.'Bewman. 1914; E. L. Shoemaker. 
 
 -i Q 1 o . T Tp "V^iiTiDGlt X 9 1 5 
 84 Missouri. Southern, and Northwestern Arkansas, W. M. 
 
 24. »^i^«Og^j^';^o*°d'^'^915'. w. P. Burress 1913; N. A. Duncan. 
 
 1914. (Based on Almanac report.) 
 
 (Continued on Page 272.) 
 
 269
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 To prepare the following statistical table, the fol- 
 lowing questions were sent to the Secretary of each 
 Board. The letter at the beginning of the question is 
 the key to the letter at the head of the column : 
 
 (a) What date was your District Board authorized by 
 the District Meeting? 
 
 (b) How many regular meetings does your Board hold 
 each year? 
 
 (c) What month does your fiscal year begin? 
 
 (d) What is the total amount raised in the District for 
 District Missions since your organization? 
 
 (e) What financial help has your District received from 
 the General Mission Board since your organization? (A 
 few included help on meetinghouses, and so this column 
 is corrected according to the books of the General Mis- 
 sion Board, and the amounts given refer only to District 
 Mission work.) 
 
 (f) How much money did you spend for District mis- 
 sion work during the last fiscal year? 
 
 (g) At how many places are you maintaining missions? 
 (h) How many more congregations in the District now 
 
 than there were when your Board was organized? 
 
 * Before California was divided it received $3,110.00. 
 
 2 This includes Washington and Baltimore Missions. 
 
 3 Before Idaho, Washington and Oregon were divided, they 
 received $10,629. 
 
 * Before divided. Second Virginia received $350. The Dis- 
 trict Board was organized in 1895, had nine members on the 
 Board, met three times a year and had raised $16,396.73. 
 
 ^ Before divided, First Virginia received $250. 
 
 * None. 
 ** Less. 
 
 270
 
 One Organization 
 
 a be i e fwii 
 
 1. Ark.. 1898 2 ..;. $^.: $6,817.00 $ ' 6 ° 
 
 2. Cal.. N.. 1907 4 Oct., 5,304.71 »2,7S0.0O ^i.mSQ § 'g 
 
 ^ ^'•' w' ^0 t ?"=':• ^^•25°'^ '2.2'0.00 2384.30 5 14 
 
 4. Col., W.,^ 1909 3 Jan.-,- 500.00 600 00 3 
 
 I- Jm^-\t loi^ o ^I?"'' ;i.500.00 500.00 300.00 4 .".' 
 
 ^- I ■• ?•• Jooc ? J"'^' 58,074.49 90O00 5,423.00 10 13 
 
 Z. 111.. S.. 1885 1 ...;. 34,500.00 '300.00 1527 71 8 
 
 I- ?"^ ^- i«« ^i S"'- 21,002.43 237.50 3 096.37 9 11 
 
 9. Ind., N.. 1885 4 Oct., 451.50 2 276 76 7 9 
 
 10. Ind., S., 1886 3-5 Oct.. 13,488.19 1.870.00 1523 47 12 8 
 
 11. la., M.,- 1882 4 Sept.,, 19 437.58 4045.00 1 514 06 2 
 
 12. la.. N., 1877 2 Aug.. 34,321.09 451O00 40S661 2 8 
 
 I'^'-Mw' ^^^ i l^" 3,700.00 1.447.93 S 3 
 
 15. Ks., N. W 1 Oct., 7.595.00 2,083.30 3;: 
 
 r|. ■Ks.. S. E 1893 3 Oct., S.599.67 2.780.00 787.60 3 *• 
 
 « ^/h' I ^•' \lll 1 ?"'■■', 52.433.32 2,550.00 3,006.04 S 6 
 
 18. Md.. E., . 1889 4 April, 7.748.32 ^11,239.77 905 79 7 6 
 
 19. Md.. M.. 1890 4 April, .7 400.00 50000 200 00 6 3 
 
 20. Md.. W., 1898 1-4 Oct... 322.11 ..... 2000 3 • 
 
 i\- ^'"''•V Iffi \ A"^' ^'30000 1.600.00 1,432-49 3 13 
 
 22- Mo.. M., 887 2 Oct., 4,715.00 93%8 3 3 
 
 23- Mo., N.. 1892 1 Oct., 3.350.00 151.71 7 i 
 
 2^- Mo S _,__ 2,870.Q0 
 
 25. Neb., , 3 7QOnn 
 
 26. Car.. N.. 1902 1-3 Feb., 1,085.63 i;500:00 ::::"" k 
 
 28. Oh.. N. E., 1896 4 Sept., * 4 200 00 1 1 
 
 ^.nn^'^Q^ ifo^, ^ ^f""' '3'53^8I 1.35O00 imji 6 * 
 
 ^?- R^i' ^•' CO, o ^P"'- ^°'^*'^ * 5.000.00 U S 
 
 iV R '^' \f,l I ?^P'' • '•'420.00 1,464.43 S 15 
 
 » S'^^t ^U i J"'^' l'"2.96 3S00.0O 537.65 4 2 
 
 il' ?^" ?V' tnf ^' ^P'i'- 63.877.82 2,448.96 1.582.03 4 26 
 
 it P^' C-'p o?? -i ^P*""' ^^''5613 880.00 761.01 5 14 
 
 35. Pa.. S: E.„ 19U 2 Oct. 924.69 420.00 458.60 3 I 
 
 52' _ •' ''•' - • April SO 00 490 17 rt A 
 
 37. Pa., W., 1895 2-3 March, 24,728.31 * 140097 5 5 
 
 MT.T" \f^ f l'^'-'. '•676 81 1.100.00 'S 5 4 
 
 3o V* 'l «Q7 1 Pl^- 2.731.25 7,240.00 549.72 10 2 
 
 2l vS" i? lo?{ o J."'y-' '* 553.29 6 12 
 
 ik v\" m" on ? ^"^V 58683 «* 691.45 6 2 
 
 «. Va., N., 1910 3 April, 1.521 66 <♦ lOOOO 2 2 
 
 S Va" I- ^?^ I M'!' 2,80000 4* moo 3 2 
 
 i»" •.!?■' ' 1^13 2 Aphl, B* 
 
 46" w' Va I IsJs ? n".'- 2.18U3 »1,000.00 i.VlV.OO 3 W 
 
 47: w: Va.: k !''' ,! °':!- :::::;:;. 2^,00 . ..''^'" ,' .^ 
 
 H.f^ « ,< , T, . . $474,897.34 $92,939.73 $59,929,61 
 
 Help from General Board before division as s'^^,^«-:',ui 
 
 seenjn the footnotes- of the table 14 339.00 
 
 Total from General Board jo District 
 
 Boards $107,278.73 
 
 271
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 25. NeTjraska, A. J. Nickey, 1913; Geo. Mishler, 1915; Levi 
 
 Meek, 1914. 
 
 26. North and South Carolina, Georg'ia and Florida, H. M. 
 
 Griffith, 1915; Geo. A. Branscom, 1914; L. A. Jones, 
 1913. 
 
 27. North Dakota, Eastern Montana and Canada, D. F. Landls, 
 
 1915; J. S. Shaffer, 1914; Frank Dollahan, 1914; Geo. C. 
 Deardorff, 1913; J. D. Kesler, 1913. 
 
 28. Ohio, Northeastern, Jas. Murray, 1915; R. M. Moomaw, 
 
 1914; A. S. Halteman, 1916. 
 
 29. Ohio, Northwestern, D. N. Schubert, 1913; J. I. Lindower, 
 
 • 1913; N. I. Cool, 1915; D. G. Berkebile, 1915; Noah Long. 
 1914. 
 
 30. Ohio, Southern, Sylvan Bookwalter, 1916; Clarence A. 
 
 Baker, 1917; Adam Pfeifer, 1915; D. F. Priser, 1914; D. 
 M. Garver, 1913. 
 
 31. Oklahoma, Panhandle of Texas and Pecos Valley, New 
 
 Mexico, Jno. R. Pitzer, 1916; J. A. Byerly, 1917; W. P. 
 Bosserraan, 1915. ,, ^„_ 
 
 32. Oregon, Harry Brubaker, 1913; Thomas Barklow, 1914; 
 
 M. C. Llnlnger, 1915. 
 
 33. Pennsylvania, Eastern, S. H. Hertzler. 1914; J. H. Longe- 
 
 necker, 1918; D. Kilhefner, 1914; Rufus Bucher, 1917; 
 Geo. W. Weaver. 1916. ^ _ ,,.„ 
 
 34. Pennsylvania, Middle, J. B. Brumbaugh, 191b; J. B. Miller, 
 
 1914; W. H. Holsinger, 1916; H. A. Spanogle. 1917; 
 John Bennett, 1918. 
 
 35. Pennsylvania, Southeastern, New York and New Jersey, 
 
 J. K. Miller, 1916; M. C. Swigart, 1914; W. S. Price, 
 1917; M. B. Miller, 1915; W. G. Nyce, 1913. 
 
 36. Pennsylvania, Southern, J. A. Long, 1914; C. L. Baker, 
 
 1916; C. R. Oellig, 1915; D. A. Faust, 1915; M. A. Ja- 
 cobs 1915 
 
 37. Pennsylvania, Western, J. J. Shaffer, 1918; P. J. Blough, 
 
 1915; W. M. Howe, 1916; S. U. Shobes, 1914; H. S. Rep- 
 logle 1917 
 
 38. Tennessee, P.' D. Reed, 1914; A. E. Nead, 1913; C H. Diehl. 
 
 1916; N. B. Sherfy, 1915; S. J. Bowman, 1917. 
 
 39. Texas and Louisiana, Lafayette Sutphin, 1913; H. M. 
 
 Peters, 1915; J. M. Moore, 1914. . ,„,„ ^ t:, 
 
 40. Virginia, Pirst, D. N. EUer, 1918; Levi Garst, 1916; C E. 
 
 Eller, 1917; R. G. Layman, 1915; W. T. Crumpacker, 
 
 41. Virginia, Eastern, S. A. Sanger. 1914; E. E. Blough, 1915; 
 
 W. F. Hale, 1913. ^„^, , ^ ,..,, 
 
 42. Virginia, Northern, D. H. Zigler. 1914; J. Carson Miller, 
 
 1913; J. M. Kagey. 1915. o t -ci ^a^K■ 
 
 43. Virginia, Second, J. B. Coffman, 1914; S. I. Flory, 1915, 
 
 T W^ T-T p *^ *=? 1916 
 
 44. Virginia, Southern, "S. M. Ikenberry, 1916; W. A. Elgin, 
 
 1916; J. BowmaA, 1915; J. F. Keith, 1915; A. N. Hylton, 
 
 45. Washington, D. B. Eby, 1914; M. F. Woods. 1915; J. S. 
 
 4S West^ Virginia, Pirst, Peter Arnold, 1915; Isaac J. Saville. 
 1913; EzTa Fike, 1914; John S. Fike. 1916; John R. Rig- 
 
 47. Weft'vir^^nii^^Second, W. J. Row. 1914; A. C. Auvil. 1915; 
 J. F. Ross, 1913. 
 
 272
 
 Plate 7 
 
 Opposite 272 
 
 J. J. Yoder Chas. D. Bonsack 
 
 H. C. Early A. B. Barnliart 
 John Zuck J. H. B. Williams 
 
 L. W. Teeter 
 Otho Winger 
 S. Bock
 
 IX. 
 
 'Biog:tap|)icaI 
 
 S. IRA ARNOLD 
 Missionary to India, 1913 
 
 D. T. Arnold, of German descent, was born in West 
 Virginia, and now lives in Johnson County, Missouri. 
 Barbara Weaver, who became his wife, was born near 
 Lima, Ohicv. Both were members of the Church of the 
 Brethren. The families for some generations belong to 
 that church. To them were given seven sons and four 
 daughters, of whom S. Ira, born on March 2, 1885, on a 
 farm near Leeton, Missouri, is the ninth child. He had 
 the advantages of the country school and two years in 
 Leeton, Missouri, until he was fourteen. Because of the 
 death of his dear mother at this time, he began to work on 
 the farm for wages. This he did until nineteen years of 
 age, when, with $65, as the saving of the years, he entered 
 McPherson College Preparatory Department, to spend one 
 term; but he spent three years, and finished the Prepara- 
 tory Course. He taught one year and returned to Mc- 
 Phersqn College, spending, in the next five years, four at 
 McPherson, where he completed the College Course in 
 1913, and one }'ear at Bethany Bible School, Chicago. 
 
 On May 28, 1913, he was united in marriage to Elizabeth 
 E. Bartholow. 
 
 In the Mineral Creek congregation, at the age of four- 
 teen, Ira united with the Church of the Brethren, and was 
 baptized in October, 1899, by E. E. John. As soon as old 
 enough, he became a Sunday-school teacher, served as su- 
 perintendent and has been active in church work. At 
 
 273
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 McPheTson, on April 4, 1909, he was called to the minis- 
 try, and in 1911 was advanced to the second degree. 
 Though hard pressed for time to push his way through 
 school and keep up his work, he found time to preach 
 regularly, and has held two series of meetings. Thus 
 prepared he is going to India this fall, hoping to be able 
 to do a good work for the Master in that needy field. 
 
 MRS. S. IRA ARNOLD, NEE ELIZABETH 
 BARTHOLOW 
 
 Missionary to India, 1913 
 
 To A. H. and Mary E. Fouch Bartholow, both of Ger- 
 man descent and born in Maryland, were given eight 
 sons and three daughters. Elizabeth, their ninth child, 
 was born on a farm near Yale, Iowa, on May 28, 1885. 
 She attended the Yale public school and then the Guthrie 
 County high school until she was prepared to teach. 
 After spending two years in the school-room as teacher, 
 she concluded that it was not her calling and accepted 
 a position in a store for two years. About this time she 
 learned of Bethany Bible School, Chicago, entered that 
 institution in the fall of 1911, and spent two years on a 
 Bible Course. 
 
 On May 28, 1913, she was united in marriage with S. 
 Ira Arnold. 
 
 Elizabeth's parents are riiembers of the Church of the 
 Brethren and breathed into the home an earnest spiritual 
 life. However, coming under the influence of the Church 
 of Christ in Yale, at nineteen, Elizabeth united with that 
 body of believers. She was active in church work, seek- 
 ing to do all she could for her Master. On August 27, 
 1911, she was baptized in the Coon River congregation of 
 the Church of the Brethren by Ellis F. Caslow, and a 
 short time after entered heart and mind into better prep- 
 aration for church work, where the Lord would call her. 
 She is glad to join her husband on the mission field of 
 India, for she has had missions on her heart since her 
 childhood. 
 
 274
 
 Biographical 
 
 ABRAM B. BARNHART 
 Member of General Mission Board, 1898-1906 
 
 Of good German ancestral blood, Abram Barnhart, son 
 of Henry and Elizabeth (Baker) Barnhart, was born on 
 a farm about four miles west of Waynesboro, Franklin 
 County, Pennsylvania, June 9, 1840. The precious asso^ 
 ciation of the home, however, was early broken into by 
 placing the lad into a store when but twelve years old, 
 so that the educational advantages he had, all pre- 
 ceded this. In' the store he met people, learned human 
 nature, and developed to be a very practical man. He has 
 been in the store or office all his life-time, has prospered 
 and been blessed. He has lived in Hagerstown, Mary- 
 land, where he now resides, since 1888. 
 
 Hannah M., daughter of William M. Kuhnes, through 
 marriage on October 6, 1861, cast her lot in life with him, 
 and to them have been given seven sons and three daugh- 
 ters, of whom three are still living. 
 
 At the Creek Hill house, in the Welsh Run congrega- 
 tion of the Middle District of Maryland, Abram and his 
 wife gave their heaJ"ts to the Lord, in the summer of 
 1882, publicly confessed Christ through baptism adminis- 
 tered by Nicholas Martin, and united with the Church of 
 the Brethren. As a laymember he made a good impres- 
 sion of faithfulness, and in 1885 the congregation called 
 him to the deacon's office. The next year he was elected 
 to the ministry. So efficient did he prove himself in 
 the ministry of the Word that in 1886 he was advanced to 
 the second degree, and in 1892 ordained to the bishopric 
 through the laying on of hands by Brethren David Long 
 and Daniel Stauffer. He did much towards the develop- 
 ment of the congregation in Hagerstown, Maryland, in its 
 earlier history. He was used by the District, serving as 
 Writing Clerk ten consecutive yeairs. He was instru- 
 mental in raising the funds and assisting in erecting the 
 Old People's Home for the District, located at San Mar, 
 and has since taken an abiding interest in it. He has been 
 
 275
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 called to oversee, at different times, several of the ad- 
 joining congregations. As a member of the Standing Com- 
 mittee he has represented his District four times, and 
 served on a number of committees, appointed by Confer- 
 ence, so that one may justly characterize Brother Barn- 
 hart as having been one of the leading spirits of the 
 Church of the Brethren in Maryland. 
 
 In 1892 he was elected a member of the General Mission 
 Board, and during the eight years did not miss one meet- 
 ing. On the Board he was very considerate of the others' 
 welfare, yet earnest and faithful. When D. L. Miller re- 
 signed the treasurership, Brother Barnhart was the first 
 chosen to take the place. Though he could not arrange 
 to accept it, this offer indicates the esteem in which he 
 was held, while upon the Board. Into his hands was com- 
 mitted the general supervision of the erection of the 
 churchhouse in Washington, D. C. Later the erection of 
 the parsonage was confided to him also. With this building 
 he did the rather unusual thing of keeping easily within 
 the appropriation. He was on the committee appointed by 
 the Board to locate the church property in Brooklyn, New 
 York, and a member of the building committee. 
 
 Of the work of the Board he has this to say: "As I 
 came in contact with the work of missions, I was im- 
 pressed that it is the greatest work of the church; but she 
 has not been as successful in the past as her opportunities 
 would have permitted her to be. Success comes from 
 holding firmly to God's truth, fired with zeal to obey it, 
 thus enabling us to carry it everywhere. Missions should 
 be supported by our means and prayers. I am glad to 
 see the mission work of the church growing. God is 
 blessing it, as seen in the consecration of noble lives for 
 the foreign field." 
 
 276
 
 Biographical 
 
 WILLIAM W. BARNHART 
 Member of Book and Tract Work, 1890-1894 
 
 Anthony and Sarah (Graybill) Barnhart were reared in 
 Rockingham County, Virginia. In 1858 they located near 
 Ladoga, Indiana, and there, on June 23, 1860, a son, whom 
 they called William, was born. He was the first child of 
 a family of thirteen. Reared on the farm, he developed 
 a strong physique and grew to manhood with noble ideals 
 instilled in him by his parents. He sought books, was in- 
 terested in school and, after finishing the common schools, 
 spent one year in Lebanon College, Ohio, and two years 
 in Manchester Bible Department, North Manchester, In- 
 diana. 
 
 January 23, 1890, he was united in marriage to Emma, 
 a daughter of John Smith, of Trotwood, Ohio, and to 
 them were born two sons and two daughters. 
 
 When twenty-two years old, William confessed Christ 
 in a series of meetings, held in the Donnels Creek con- 
 gregation of the Southern District of Ohio, and united 
 with the Church of the Brethren, — I. J. Rosenberger ad- 
 ministering the rite of baptism. He was one of the or- 
 ganizers of the Donnels Creek Sunday-school and for 
 many years held the offices of superintendent, teacher and 
 chorister. While living in the Lower Stillwater congre- 
 gation of the Southern District of Ohio, he was called to 
 the ministry in November, 1892, and in 1897 was ad- 
 vanced to the second degree by the same congregation. 
 He was a willing worker and much used by the District 
 Mission Boards. 
 
 He served during the close of the Book and Tract Work 
 organization, never missed a meeting while a member, and 
 was much interested in the field in which it operated. 
 
 Just in the prime of life, and while beginning to reap 
 the returns from his long preparation, sickness overtook 
 him. A sudden attack of pain, — by doctors pronounced 
 appendicitis, — necessitated an operation which proved to 
 be too late. November 1, 1910, unexpected to all, he passed
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 to his reward. His last words were, " Oh, I hear such 
 beautiful singing; I want to go and join them." His 
 body was laid to rest in the cemetery near North Man- 
 chester, Indiana. 
 
 STEVEN P. BERKEBILE 
 Missionary to India, 1904 
 
 On a farm in Cambria County, Pennsylvania, both David 
 Berkebile and Sarah Stutzman were reared. They were 
 married in 1864. Soon after, he was drafted for the army, 
 and served in the commissary department. In 1872 the 
 family moved to Fulton County, Ohio, and located on a 
 farm near Delta, where the mother still resides. David, 
 for a number of years, was a bishop in the Church of the 
 Brethren, 
 
 God blessed their marriage with five sons and three 
 daughters, — Steven, the sixth, being born on July 30, 1877. 
 In the home, on the farm, and in the countrj^ schoolhouse, 
 Steven received his training until sixteen years old. At 
 this time he entered the Delta high school. Later he at- 
 tended several special terms of Bible School at North 
 Manchester, Indiana, and continued his studies through 
 correspondence, under E. S. Young, of Canton, Ohio. 
 
 He chose for his life companion Sister Nora E., daugh- 
 ter of John Flory, and on February 12, 1902, they were 
 united in marriage. To them have been born two sons. 
 
 When but ten years old, Steven was deeply moved about 
 the condition of the heathen; but not until he was sixteen 
 years of age, did he publicly confess Christ. This oc- 
 curred at a regular service, at the close of a sermon 
 preached by his father, and there was joy overflowing 
 when the latter led his son into the water for baptism on 
 a fine September day in 1893. In May, 1896, the Swan 
 Creek congregation called him to the deacon's office. The 
 year following, in May, he was chosen to the ministry. 
 A-bout six weeks after he made his first effort at preach- 
 
 278
 
 Biographical 
 
 ing. In 1900 he took up evangelistic work, preferring 
 this, with its certain support from the Lord, to a position 
 as cashier in a bank near home, with support from the 
 world. The following year the District Mission Board asked 
 him to take charge of a mission in Fostoria, Ohio. He 
 located there, finding four members in the city. In 1904, 
 when he and his wife left for India, there were twenty- 
 seven members and a flourishing Sunday-school. His own 
 State District, — Northwestern Ohio, — took up their sup- 
 port in India. On June 12, 1912, in the North Poplar 
 Ridge church, he was ordained to the bishopric by the 
 laying on of hands by L. H. Dickey and David Lytle. 
 
 After acquiring the language in India, Steven was as- 
 signed the station of Vada, in Thana District, northeast 
 of Bombay, a great, needy field, but with a very malarious 
 climate. They worked faithfully, but in time disease took 
 such hold on him that it was deemed best to come home 
 on sick furlough in 1909, and try to regain health. Since 
 his arrival home he has done everything he could to re- 
 store health so as to return to the field. In the spring of 
 1913 the longings of his heart were expressed in coming 
 before the Board personally, and offering to go "just as 
 I am and live or die in India " for the sake of his Lord, 
 The Board prayerfully considered the advisability of ac- 
 ceding to his wishes, but after taking into consideration 
 his lack of physical strength, reluctantly decided against 
 his return to the field, at least for the present. 
 
 MRS. STEVEN P. BERKEBILE, NEE NORA E. 
 
 FLORY 
 
 "Missionary to India, 1904 
 
 To John and Mary (Shock) Flory, ,who were born and 
 reared on farms near Jewell, Ohio, and married in 1876, 
 were given two sons and four daughters, Nora E., the old- 
 est, being born on September 7, 1877. Her pious parents 
 instilled into her noble ideals; her country schoolteacher 
 
 279
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 stirred ambitions within her to be a good schoolteacher; 
 her life on the farm gave her vigor and strength, all of 
 which combined to make Nora a young woman of admir- 
 able attainments. For four consecutive years she taught 
 school near home. In 1897 she spent one year at Man- 
 chester College, North Manchester, Indiana, in Bible 
 School, and then taught four more years. 
 
 On February 12, 1902, she was united in marriage to 
 Steven P. Berkebile, and has since, with all her heart 
 and strength aided him in his Christian work. To them 
 have been born two sons. 
 
 When eleven years old, Nora, with two others, con- 
 fessed Christ, and united with the Church of the Brethren 
 in the Poplar Ridge congregation, Northwestern Ohio. 
 Baptism was administered by Simon Long. When Nora 
 was seventeen years of age, her father was called to the 
 ministry, and she took delight in seconding his efforts 
 wherever she could. She was faithful in Sunday-school, 
 and enjoyed most the Lord's work. 
 
 In India she not only took care of the home but taught 
 the women's class in Sunday-school, conducted women's 
 meetings for native Christian mothers, had a sewing class 
 once a week, spent the forenoons in the dispensary, and 
 visited homes among the Mohammedans. 
 
 One of her most effectual ministries is her pen. Her 
 poems breathe a message of consecration that stirs the 
 soul, and her writings for the church periodicals are of 
 unusual interest and force. She longs for the day when 
 her husband's health will permit them to return to India, 
 to labor there. 
 
 ANNA V. BLOUGH 
 
 Missionary to China, 1913 
 
 Uriah Blough and his wife, Mary (Miller) Blough, both 
 came from Somerset County, Pennsylvania, and, after 
 marriage, settled on a farm south of Waterloo, Black- 
 hawk County, Iowa. Both had, ere that time, united with 
 
 280
 
 Biographical 
 
 the Church of the Brethren. On November 22, 1885, Anna 
 v., the third child in a family of four sons and three 
 daughters, was born. The freedom of farm life she always 
 enjoyed, and this gave her zest for her studies m the 
 country school. After finishing the eighth grade, Anna 
 spent three years at Mt. Morris College on the Academic 
 course, and four years at Bethany Bible School, in Chica- 
 go, completing the Bible Teacher-training course. 
 
 From infancy she was taken to Sunday-school and 
 church. This, supplemented by the training in her home, 
 in which the Bible was read, prayer was made, and in 
 which there was an atmosphere of desire to see the chil- 
 dren accept Christ, prompted her, when thirteen years 
 old, to confess her Savior. I. D. Parker was holding 
 meetings in the South Waterloo congregation in Septem- 
 ber, 1898, when Sister Blough was one of two baptized 
 by S. H. Miller, the fatherly bishop of the congregation. 
 With this ideal of a noble Christian life before her, she 
 enjoyed to the full tlie spiritual atmosphere both of Mt. 
 Morris College and Bethany Bible School, and grew 
 rapidly in spiritual power. In both institutions she was 
 active in Sunday-school, prayer meeting, missionary so- 
 ciety and evangelistic work. At Bethany she taught mis- 
 sions, and was chairman of the Christian Workers' Mis- 
 sionary Committee. In addition she did actual work in 
 Waterloo, Iowa, at the Hastings Street Mission, Chicago, 
 and also in connection with the Bethany Bible School. 
 
 She goes forth to her chosen field well grounded :ii 
 faith in Christ, and with a hope of helping some of the 
 many millions about whom she has studied so long and 
 for whom she has prayed so often. 
 
 JACOB M. BLOUGH 
 
 Missionary to India, 1903 
 
 To Emanuel J. and Sarah (Barndt) Blough, of Somerset 
 County. Pennsylvania, were born four sons and two daugh- 
 ters. The youngest child, Jacob M., was born on Decern- 
 
 281
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 ber 12, 1876. The father was a well-to-do farmer whose 
 faithfulness to the Quemahoning congregation of the 
 Church of the Brethren has been marked through many 
 years. The sons were taught the dignity of labor, and yet 
 they were given an opportunity to secure an education. 
 Jacob, after thirteen years in common school, and one 
 term of nine weeks at Normal, taught near home three 
 years and then one year in the Hooversville primary 
 grade. At eighteen he was given liberty to make his own 
 way, and he has done it largely through teaching. In 
 1899 he finished the English course at Juniata, and in 1S)03 
 the College course. During his college work he was at 
 different times assistant in Mathematics, English and 
 Latin. He received valuable training, one yeai", in having 
 charge of the men's hall. 
 
 When not yet sixteen, he heard the call of the Lord 
 while attending a series of meetings, conducted in the 
 Quemahoning congregation by George S. Rarick, and 
 united with the Church of the Brethren on February 8, 
 1892, S. P. Zimmerman administering baptism. This 
 brought about a great change in his life. The follow- 
 ing summer he taught a Sunday-school class. In '94 he 
 led the first Bible class and offered his first public prayer; 
 in '97 his home congregation called him to the ministry, 
 and a year later he was advanced to the second degree. 
 While at Juniata, in 1899, he, with a few others, organized 
 the Student Volunteer Band for missions. He was its 
 leader and greatest inspiration. While he was president 
 of the Young People's Missionary and Temperance So- 
 ciety, at Juniata, a movement was started to send a mis- 
 sionary, and he was the society's choice. Fresh from col- 
 lege, full of enthusiasm for his Master's service in for- 
 eign lands, he sailed for India in the fall of 1903, with 
 Anna Detwiler, who had become his wife June 26, pre- 
 vious. 
 
 On the field his work has been thorough. His scholarly 
 habits have made him the natural choice to edit the 
 Gujerati Sunday-school papers, used not only by our own 
 mission but some neighboring missions. His home has 
 
 282
 
 Biographical 
 
 been at Bulsar, save one year at Ankleshwer, where he 
 took Brother Stover's place. With the building of a Bible 
 School at Bulsar, in 1913, he enters upon a still greater 
 responsibility, — the head of Biblical instruction for the 
 Church of the Brethren. 
 
 Brother Blough made splendid use of his furlough in 
 1910 and '11, touring thoroughly his own State District of 
 Western Pennsylvania, — ^willing to go to the lonely places, 
 to small congregations, as well as to address larger ones 
 like on missionary day at St. Joseph Conference of 1911, 
 where he also served as Writing Clerk. Wherever he 
 went, he strengthened the cause of missions in India. 
 
 MRS. J. M. BLOUGH, NEE ANNA DETWILER 
 Missionary to India, 1903 
 
 Christian F. Detwiler was a minister in the Church of 
 the Brethren; his wife, Salome Zook, was reared in a 
 home near Knoxville, Tennessee, To them was born, on 
 December 1, 1872, a daughter, whom they called Anna, 
 the third in a family of seven children. In 1880, when 
 eight years old, her parents moved to Ohio, while she 
 went to Pennsylvania, to live and grow to womanhood. 
 Two years later, Anna received word that her mother had 
 died. Later her father married again, and made a home 
 foT his children near Johnstown, Pennsylvania. 
 
 Anna had little opportunity for securing an education. 
 In 1891 she was in Huntingdon, in the home of J. B. 
 Brumbaugh. Five years she remained and spent, what 
 time she could spare from making her way, in Juniata 
 College. Three summers she spent at the seashore, as 
 waitress; one year she worked in Philadelphia, two years 
 in a factory in Huntingdon, one year as matron of the 
 Orphans' Home in the same city, two years as kitchen 
 matron, and one year as dining hall matron at the col- 
 elge. This variety of vocations gave her a broad train- 
 ing that has aided her greatly in her life work, though 
 
 283
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 often, during these years, she felt the burden heavy to 
 bear. 
 
 In a series of meetings, in September, 1886, held in 
 Johnstown, Pennsylvania, Anna confessed Christ and was 
 baptized by Jacob Holsopple. She soon became a Sun- 
 day-school teacher, at college was president of the Mis- 
 sion Band, and leader of the College Girls' Christian Band 
 for several terms. In 1901 she joined the Volunteer Band. 
 Her last year was spent entirely in Bible study. 
 
 On June 26, 1903, she was united in marriage to Jacob 
 M. Blough, Her labors of love and kindness in India, 
 though little is said of them publicly, have touched every 
 missionary and she has endeared herself to every one 
 who has come in touch with her. 
 
 SAMUEL BOCK 
 Member of Book and Tract Work, 1885-1894 
 
 Samuel and Elizabeth (Gable) Bock were raised in 
 Franklin County, Pennsylvania, and united with the 
 Church of the Brethren in early married life. Some time 
 after, they moved to Richland County, Ohio, settling on 
 a farm near Loudonville. The husband was called to the 
 ministry and did much pioneer preaching in his early 
 day. Here, on Januafy 8, 1840, Samuel, the fourth child 
 in a family of six sons and three daughters, was born. 
 The lad's training was on the farm; his education was se- 
 cured in a log schoolhouse, where the benches were around 
 the walls. Though he was not permitted to have a good 
 education himself, in later life he knew its value, and ad- 
 vocated and supported it for others. He continued on 
 the farm and in the nursery business until, because of 
 advanced age, he retired from hard physical labor. From 
 1898 to 1911 he was Immigration Agent for the Oregon 
 Short Line Railroad. When he entered theiV employ, there 
 was one member of the Church of the Brethren in South- 
 ern Idaho. When he quit the service there were twelve 
 
 284
 
 Biographical 
 
 congregations, with over six hundred members. He is 
 now retired from active duties, and now resides at Pomo- 
 na, Cahfornia. 
 
 He chose for a life companion Sister Catherine Hoover, 
 to whom he was united in marriage on March 10, 1864. 
 To them were given two sons and three daughters. One 
 son is still living. 
 
 When nineteen years old, Samuel confessed Christ and 
 united with the Church of the Brethren in the Wolf 
 Creek congregation, near Dayton, Ohio, Samuel Garber 
 administering baptism. Brother Bock was a pusher in 
 church work. It was his privilege to live in the Lower 
 Miami congregation, the first one in the District of South- 
 ern Ohio to have a Sunday-school. He was ever ready to 
 do his part. He was a charter member of the West Dayton 
 congregation, and by it was called to the deacon's office 
 May 17, 1889. In this capacity he served the church long 
 and well. 
 
 As Secretary and Treasurer of the Book and Tract Work 
 (its history is found in Chapter VI), authorized by Con- 
 ference of 1885, he did his greatest work for the church, 
 and found his greatest joy in service, because he felt that, 
 while thus employed, he had the prayers of the Brother- 
 hood. The duty of executing the Committee's plans and 
 purposes, largely devolved upon him. The distribution 
 of the large amount of tracts and books all rested upon 
 him. The finances and their care was entrusted to him. 
 And as the work increased, he spared not his time nor 
 his talent, to render satisfaction to the many patrons. It 
 was his privilege to attend thirty-five Annual Meetings, 
 the first one in 1848, and he noted the changes and prog- 
 ress the church has made in that period with pleasure. In 
 the annals of the beginning of missionary activities in the 
 Church of the Brethren, his name will be perpetuated. 
 
 285
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 CHARLES D. BONSACK 
 Member General Mission Board, 1906 
 
 David D. and Catherine Roop Bonsack were descend- 
 ants from several generations of loyal members of the 
 Church of the Brethren, so that, vi^hen their son, Charles 
 D., came into their home March 11, 1870, on a farm near 
 Westminster, Maryland, he had the blood of a devout 
 Christ-life in him. Charles was the third child in a fam- 
 ily of two sons and three daughters. Hard-working peo- 
 ple, earnest and sincere, and in good standing in their 
 communitj', the parents exerted a healthful influence over 
 the lives of their children. Charles was fond of books, 
 and made good use of the public school. As he grew old- 
 er, he sought the association of teachers and people of 
 culture, and even within the last eighteen years he has 
 not missed a winter without devoting from one to four 
 weeks to study in school, especially along his chosen line, 
 —the Bible. 
 
 At seventeen he took charge of his father's farm, and 
 managed it for four years. Then he farmed for himself, 
 for the next ten years. Though successful as a farmer, 
 and having his financial interests in farms and orchards, 
 he has not since returned to the soil. 
 
 He chose Sister Ida Trostle, of Gettysburg, Pennsyl- 
 vania, the daughter of John Trostle, for his wife, and was 
 married December 16, 1891. To them three sons and two 
 daughters were given, all of whom a^re now in the church, 
 and preparing for usefulness in the kingdom. 
 
 Charles counts his second birth from October 28, 1888, 
 when, through baptism administered by E. Babylon, he 
 united with the Church of the Brethren. Even in his 
 youth he had great interest in affairs of the church. He 
 would sit in the house and listen, as visiting brethren 
 discussed church problems with his father. Now, that 
 Christ was his life, that he, a sinner, had been saved by 
 g^ace, his whole being sought expression in service for 
 his Lord. On December 22, 1891, he was called to the 
 
 286
 
 Biographical 
 
 ministry and May, 1906, he was ordained a bishop. For 
 ten years he tried to farm and preach. He did well 
 enough at the former, but was not satisfied with his ef- 
 forts and results in the latter. Discontinuing farming 
 and entering the evangelistic field, he labored for three 
 years, or till 1906, at which time he took the pastorate of 
 the Washington, D. C, congregation. His earnest, tactful 
 labors here manifested themselves in an increasing mem- 
 bership and a deeper spiritual life. But desiring to edu- 
 cate his children under Brethren influences, he resigned, 
 and moved his family to Union Bridge, Maryland, to cast 
 his lot with the fortunes of that church school. In 1912 
 the school was moved to New Windsor, Maryland, and 
 in the reorganization he accepted the position of treas- 
 urer, which place he now fills. 
 
 He has served as a member of the Mission Board of 
 Eastern Maryland for the last thirteen years, and has 
 been Foreman of that Board for about eight years. Twice 
 he has been Moderator of his District Meeting, and once 
 he has represented his District at Annual Meeting. In 
 1906 he was appointed on the General Mission Board, 
 where he has delighted to labor for the church. In 1907, 
 when H. C. Early could not be a member of a visiting 
 committee to the churches in Europe, Brother Bonsack 
 was chosen as his substitute. The trip was full of in- 
 terest to him, and his messages to the members in Eu- 
 rope, though given through an interpreter, were helpful 
 and appreciated. The committee's visit extended into 
 France, and some rather difficult work was done there. 
 Through all this he proved a wise counselor, true to Christ 
 and his church. He was a member of the committee that 
 framed the missionary educational campaign, now in use 
 among the churches. 
 
 287
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 SAMUEL T. BOSSERMAN 
 Member of General Mission Board, 1880 to 1884 
 
 Daniel and Barbara (Bair) Bosserman, successful farm- 
 ers of German descent, lived near New Stark, Hancock 
 County, Ohio, in 1842, when, on November 14, their son 
 Samuel began his career. His home was a log cabin, in 
 the upstairs of which he attended subscription school, 
 when old enough. When the district schoolhouse was 
 built, he eagerly sought to acquire all the education within 
 his reach. But working on the farm in the summer time, 
 and attending school in the winter, made progress rather 
 slow for one who had an ambition to be a schoolteacher. 
 He attended the Findlay high school until he was per- 
 mitted to teach school. After a number of terms in this 
 occupation, he had saved money enough to purchase a 
 hardware store in Dunkirk, Ohio. He became a leader in 
 his line of trade, and did well until his health failed him. 
 
 In 1866 he was united in marriage to Elizabeth J. Roda- 
 baugh and to them four children were born. 
 
 His childhood was marked with deep religious impres- 
 sions. He often said, before his teens we're reached, 
 " When I am a man I am going to be a preacher." When 
 nineteen years old, he, with other members of the family, 
 attended a love feast in Allen County, Ohio. At the clos- 
 ing service, being deeply wrought upon, he arose, con- 
 fessing Christ, and asked for baptism before his return 
 home that day. He had an inward feeling that some day 
 he would be called to the ministry, and sought to pre- 
 pare himself beforehand. After his call, he became an 
 effectual worker for the Master, and answered many calls 
 for preaching. He was very successful as an evangelist. 
 He was a leader in General Conference year by year, a 
 strong advocate of missions, and a frequent contributor 
 to the church publications. His name appeared in the 
 Brethren at Work as a member of the Tract Association, 
 organized those days for distribution of tracts and pam- 
 phlets. When the missionary plan of 1880 was adopted by 
 
 288
 
 Plate 8 
 
 Opposite 288 
 
 Samuel D. Royer Adam Minnich D. S. Filhrun 
 
 A. W. Vaniman Mrs. Alice Vaniman W. W. Barnhart 
 
 Mrs. Harvey F. Sliirk w. B. Stover Mrs. W. B. Stover
 
 Biographical 
 
 Annual Meeting, he was a member of the committee ap- 
 pointed and by it made Secretary, which place he filled 
 during the four years of its existence. He was also a 
 staunch advocate of temperance, and in different places 
 gave lectures on that subject. 
 
 His health failed him in the prime of life, the illness be- 
 ing lingering but fatal. On his dying bed he said to his 
 mother, " I am glad that I am prepared to die." He 
 passed to the better land on October 15, 1886. 
 
 J. HOMER BRIGHT 
 
 Missionary to China, 1911 
 
 To John Calvin and Elizabeth (Heistand) Bright, ear- 
 nest members of the Church of the Brethren, living near 
 Dayton, Ohio, there was born on September 28, 1880, a 
 son whom they called J. Homer, the first of four sons 
 and four daughters. A pious home with proper impres- 
 sions constantly bearing upon him, a goodly community 
 with splendid influences, a country school with good 
 teachings, — these were the surroundings in the midst of 
 which J. Homer came to his manhood. His desire to 
 have a better educatioji took him to Juniata College, 
 Huntingdon, Pennsylvania, in 1895; the next year he 
 taught; then returned to Juniata and completed the Teach- 
 er's Course in 1899. He then engaged in teaching for a 
 number of years. 
 
 Homer was united in marriage in May, 1904, to Minnie, 
 youngest daughter of John Flory, of Union, Ohio. To 
 them have been born three children. 
 
 From childhood Homer was responsive to the Religious 
 influences about him. He recalls when, in 1886, the Sun- 
 day-school was first started in the Wolf Creek congrega- 
 tion of So.uthern Ohio. At first the school had no class 
 adapted to one as young as he, but he attended at any 
 rate. At fourteen, when Lewis W. Teeter was holding 
 a series of meetings in the home congregation, Homer 
 
 289
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 confessed Christ and united with the Church of the Breth- 
 ren by baptism administered by George Erbaugh. This 
 opened new fields for service into which he went, and the 
 Sunday-school, in various capacities, at once received the 
 benefit of his labors. On August 27, 1901, the same con- 
 gregation called him to the ministry. Later, in 1905, in 
 the Salem congregation, he was advanced to the second 
 degree. Through the influence of his wife, as well as the 
 longing within himself, he determined to have a better 
 knowledge of the Bible. He attended Bethany Bible 
 School, Chicago, and was a member of the first class com- 
 pleting the three years' course, in the year 1911. During 
 this training he and his wife saw the need of the world 
 and answered the call to China. Before sailing, on Sep- 
 tember 15, 1911, he was ordained to the bishopric through 
 the laying on of hands by I. Bennett Trout and J. H. 
 Moore. He and his family are located at Liao Chou in 
 the Shansi Province, doing good work for the Master. 
 
 MRS. J. HOMER BRIGHT, NEE MINNIE FLORY 
 
 Missionary to China, 1911 
 
 John and Millie Flory are well-to-do farmers, living near 
 Union, Ohio. Theirs has been a Christian home and 
 blessed by the Father. Among these blessings are four 
 sons and five daughters, of whom the youngest is Minnie, 
 born on December 21, 1880. She grew to womanhood on 
 the farm; enjoyed its refreshing and healthful exercise; 
 attended the country school, and eagerly acquired such 
 training as was within her reach. One year was spent 
 in high school, and the school year of 1899 and a part of 
 1900, at Manchester College, North Manchester, Ind., were 
 especially devoted to Bible study. This made up the total 
 of her school-days, — all too short for her. Later she fin- 
 ished, by correspondence, two courses in Bible study, — 
 one under E. S. Young, of Canton, Ohio, and one under 
 C. I. Scofield, of New York. 
 
 290
 
 Biographical 
 
 May, 1904, she united her life with J. Homer Bright, 
 and has ably seconded his eflforts ever since. To them 
 have been born three daughters. 
 
 Her early impressions of a religious life could not have 
 been better. At the age of fourteen, she confessed Christ 
 during a series of meetings held in the Salem congrega- 
 tion by I. Bennett Trout, and was baptized by him. As 
 opportunity came, she became a willing and effectual 
 worker in Sunday-school and church, wherever called 
 upon to serve. In 1902 she engaged in mission work in 
 Sidney, Ohio, and rejoiced in that effort. In 1903 she 
 spent some time in similar duty in Chicago. Though to 
 many it may seem difficult to go into heathen lands with 
 little children, to Minnie it was a joy to serve the Lord 
 in that far-away land, and she trusts her all to him whom 
 she serves. She is with her husband at Liao Chou, Shansi, 
 China. 
 
 CHARLES H. BRUBAKER 
 
 Missionary to India, 1906 to 1910 
 
 John Brubaker was born near Salem, Virginia; his wife, 
 Mary Neff, in Franklin County, the same State. Both 
 came from families marked for their devotion to their 
 Lord. To them were given eleven children, the tenth 
 being Charles H., born on August 25, 1873, while the 
 family was living near Virden, Illinois. Charles' school- 
 days at Virden, Illinois, were uneventful. He was timid, 
 but fully applied himself and made commendable prog- 
 ress. As he approached manhood, he determined to be 
 a schoolteacher, and, better to prepare himself, he at- 
 tended Illinois State Normal. In 1896 he Went to Cali- 
 fornia, taught two years at Santa Barbara, and then en- 
 tered the State University at Berkeley, California, from 
 which institution he graduated in 1906. He spent some 
 time in business, and finally gave up all his ambitions 
 to serve the Lord in heathen lands. 
 
 291
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 September 4, 1907, he was united in marriage to Ella, 
 daughter of John R. Miller, of Nappanee, Indiana, who 
 went to India on the same boat he did. The wedding 
 was at Vada, India. To them the Lord gave two daugh- 
 ters. 
 
 The piety of Charles' home is reflected in the fact that 
 all the eleven children accepted Christ, and a number of 
 them are serving the church in some official capacity. 
 Charles accepted Christ when thirteen years old, and was 
 received into membership in the Pleasant Hill congre- 
 gation. As he grew older, he served at different times in 
 every capacity in the Sunday-school, and was faithful 
 therein. While at school, though not forward, he was 
 gently persistent in working among the young people for 
 the Lord. In 1899 the Los Angeles congregation, of 
 Southern California, called him to the ministry. 
 
 In 1906 he responded to the call for workers in India 
 and entered upon his work that same year. After acquir- 
 ing the language, he was located at Vada and was making 
 good progress, — getting next to the people and holding 
 their confidence. In September, 1910, he had a stubborn 
 fever; early in October he and his wife concluded to go 
 to Landour, in the foothills of the Himalayas, about nine 
 hundred miles from his station. I. S. Long and wife 
 went with them. Little fears were entertained until, when 
 it was too late, it was discovered that he had enteric fever 
 in a virulent form. Tender care and medical attention 
 availed not. He was anointed and grew better, only to 
 relapse and pass away on October 20, 1910. His body 
 lies at rest with many missionaries of other organizations, 
 who have passed over from India to the better world. 
 Charles was the first of the workers for the Church of 
 the Brethren to go from a foreign field to the blessed rest 
 beyond. 
 
 292
 
 Biographical 
 
 MRS. CHAS. H. BRUBAKER, NEE ELLA MILLER 
 Missionary to India, 1906 to 1911 
 
 John R. and Rachel Miller have long lived on the farrn 
 a few miles north of Nappanee, Indiana, where they have 
 reared their family of six sons and two daughters. Ella, 
 their fourth child, was always sunny and cheerful in the 
 home. She was not crowded in school and yet, in order 
 to secure the education she desired, spent four years at 
 Manchester College, North Manchester, Indiana, working 
 on literary. Biblical and musical courses. She taught 
 music for several years, then took up further school work 
 at Mt. Morris College, Mt. Morris, Illinois. During this 
 period of life she completed a course in Literature, the 
 Bible and Music. 
 
 On September 4, 1904, she was united in marriage to 
 Charles H. Brubaker, at Vada, India. To them have been 
 given two daughters. 
 
 In early life Ella confessed Christ while attending a 
 series of meetings in the Union Center congregation of 
 Northern Indiana, conducted by Bro. I. D. Parker, in 
 December, 1893, and by him was baptized. She was active 
 in church work, giving her energies, for a time, to the 
 cause in Dayton, Ohio, South Bend, Indiana, and the South 
 Side mission in Chicago. It was while at Mt. Morris 
 that she answered the call to India. When her husband 
 sickened and died, on October 20, 1910, she endured the 
 bereavement with remarkable fortitude, and only re- 
 turned hon>e for health considerations. Since home, she 
 lived with her parents and spent some time in Chicago, 
 at Bethany Bible School. 
 
 DANIEL E. BRUBAKER 
 
 Member of General Mission Board, 1880-1884 
 
 Joseph Brubaker, a man of German lineage, and his 
 wife, Catherine, daughter of Samuel Harshbarger, also 
 of German descent, united with the Church of the Breth- 
 ren in Roanoke County, Virginia, where they were then 
 
 293
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 living. Joseph was called to the deacon's office and seCved 
 the church well and long. About 1836 the family moved 
 to Washington County, Tennessee, where, on March 26, 
 1841, Daniel, their ninth child of a family of five sons and 
 seven daughters, was born. The opportunities for common 
 school education were not very good, and this, with the 
 need of his labors to help in making a living for the fam- 
 ily, kept him from some of the schooling he might other- 
 wise have had. He had a thirst for knowledge, however, 
 and read and studied at home, so that it can be justly said 
 of him that he learned more at home than in school. His 
 father moved to Story Co.unty, Iowa. Later Daniel moved 
 to Ogle County, Illinois. Reared on the farm, he stayed 
 by it until age compelled him to retire. He now resides 
 in Mount Morris, Illinois. 
 
 On May 3, 1860, he was united in marriage to. Mary, 
 daughter of Henry and Harriet Funk. To them were born 
 three sons and three daughters. His wife died October 
 4, 1906. October 28, 1908, he was united in marriage to 
 Sister Mary Barnhizer. 
 
 In Story County, Iowa, Daniel confessed Christ, and was 
 baptized by Henry Flora in the summer of 1858, thus unit- 
 ing with the Church of the Brethren. Soon after he moved 
 to the Pine Creek congregation, of Northern Illinois, 
 where, in 1865, he was called to the deacon's office. In 
 1866 he was elected to the ministry, in 1872 advanced to 
 the second degree, and in the fall of 1876, in the Indian 
 Creek congregation, Iowa, ordained to the bishopric by 
 Bishops George Baker and John Murry. 
 
 Brother Brubaker was a worker in whom the church had 
 confidence. He had the oversight of a number of congre- 
 gations, served as an officer of his District Meeting twice, 
 and represented his District on the Standing Committee 
 once. In 1880 he was appointed a member of the Domestic 
 and Foreign Mission Board, — the first organization by 
 Annual Meeting, — and served until the new organization 
 in 1884. By this new Board he was sent to Washington 
 and Idaho, in 1887, on a mission tour, and in 1891 and '92 
 was sent on similar work into Canada. 
 
 294
 
 Biographical 
 
 ORA G. BRUBAKER, M. D. 
 Missionary to China, 1913 
 
 George Brubaker was born in Preble County, Ohio. He 
 located in Howard County, Indiana, about 1847, when that 
 country was still a wilderness. On June 3, 1860, he was 
 united in marriage to Mary, daughter of Hiel Hamilton, 
 of Carroll County, Indiana. This was his second marriage. 
 Shortly afterwards both united with the Church of the 
 Brethren, and they have served the Howard County con- 
 gregation, in the office of deacon, to which they were 
 soon called, long and well. To them were born three sons 
 and two daughters. Ora G., born on May 11, 1875, on a 
 farm about eleven miles from a railroad, in Howard 
 County, where the family still resides, is their youngest 
 child. He enjoyed the pious influence of his godly par- 
 ents. When old enough, he attended school at the country 
 cross roads school until seventeen years of age, after 
 which he spent one year in the New London High School, 
 an institution conducted by the Friends. In the fall of 
 1894 he entered Mt. Morris College, Mt. Morris, Illinois, 
 and completed the Classical and Latin Scientific Courses 
 with the class of 1899. He turned his attention to school- 
 teaching till 1902, at which time he entered Rush Medical 
 College, of Chicago. From this institution he graduated 
 in 1906, did one year of dispensary work and located in 
 Mt. Morris, Illinois. In 1909 he changed his location to 
 Burlington, Indiana, whete he has built up a lucrative 
 town and country practice in the community where he was 
 raised, and where his relatives live. It is this, in part, 
 that he gives up for service in China. 
 
 He was united in marriage on September 4, 1900, to 
 Alice Mae, daughter of Joseph Stitzel, of Lanark, Illinois. 
 Three children were given them. The wife unexpectedly 
 passed to the better land on March 17, 1904. The grand- 
 mother is caring for the two living children. On July 
 26, 1905, he was married to Cora Mae, daughter of George 
 W. Cripe, and by this union two children have been born. 
 These accompany the parents to China. 
 
 295
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 Not until Ora was twelve years old, did he begin to 
 attend Sunday-school; but he has been active ever since. 
 While at Mt. Morris, Illinois, Ora confessed Christ dur- 
 ing a series of meetings, conducted by I. Bennett Trout, 
 in 1894, and with four others united with the Church of 
 the Brethren by baptism administered by Galen B. Royer. 
 Since that date he has been an active Sunday-school work- 
 er, most of the time being either teacher or superintend- 
 ent. He has served on a number of local committees in 
 general church work, relating to the union Christian Work- 
 ers' movement. He hopes to make China his home and 
 to serve the Lord by healing both body and soul in that 
 great and needy field. 
 
 MRS. ORA G. BRUBAKER, NEE CORA CRIPE 
 Missionary to China, 1913 
 
 George W. Cripe was born in Stark County, Ohio, on 
 May 23, 1833. His parents died before he grew to 
 manhood. Barbara Shively, who became his wife on 
 Christmas Day, 1852, was a fine young woman. Her fa- 
 ther was dead, and she was working out by the week for 
 a living. Both were poor, married early, confessed Christ 
 later in life, sacrificed much for the Master, and left a 
 goodly heritage to their children who survive them. God 
 gave them " a full quiver," — four sons and eight daugh- 
 ters. Cora, being the youngest, was born March 19, 1877, 
 at the farm nine miles east of La Fayette, Indiana. 
 
 When Cora was eight years old, the family located in 
 Cerro Gordo, Illinois. She entered public school, studied 
 diligently, and in the spring of 1893, when sixteen years 
 old, graduated from the high school. She had intended 
 to be a schoolteacher, but, attracted by the work Sister 
 Alice J. Boone was doing in Chicago, she spent nine weeks 
 of the winter of 1893 in missions there. This changed 
 the plan of her life entirely and from now on her activ- 
 ities were directly for the Lord. 
 
 296
 
 Biographical 
 
 In the mission rooms of Chicago, made precious by 
 living, prayer, and struggling for o.thers, she was united 
 in marriage to Dr. O. G. Brubaker. God has given them 
 one son and one daughter. 
 
 Her early impressions of religious duty go back to her 
 infancy. Before she was born, her father organized the 
 first Sunday-school in the Fairview congregation of In- 
 diana. She knew nothing in her childhood but to be 
 packed into a wagon and hauled of? to Sunday-school, and 
 she delighted to go, too. At twelve, while attending a 
 series of meetings in Cerro Gordo, Illinois, conducted by 
 C. W. Teeter, of Ohio, she confessed Christ and, with 
 an older sister and several others, was baptized one 
 wintry day by D. B. Troxel. A new life, indeed, was 
 now begun. Her interest in Sunday-school deepened. 
 She delighted to listen to the aged brethren who came 
 to visit in the home, to talk about the church with her 
 father. After spending a short time in the Chicago mis- 
 sion, she arranged to return to that work, and spend ten 
 years in the service there. After those arduous labors, the 
 rest in the quiet of a home of her own, after marriage, was 
 so sweet that the call to the foreign field, at that time, 
 was not heeded. But she was not at ease and last winter, 
 when the Lord called loudly, through the death of Brother 
 Ileckman, of China, she answered by joining her husband 
 in oflfering themselves to China. She enters her chosen 
 field with a large home experience behind her, to do her 
 best for her Master there. 
 
 IDA BUCKINGHAM 
 
 Missionary to Sweden, 1913 
 
 In Macon County, Illinois, near the village of Oakley, 
 have been living, on the same farm since their marriage, 
 David and Susie (Wagoner) Buckingham. Early in life 
 both united with the Church of the Brethren and Brother 
 David has been, for many years, a faithful and active 
 
 297
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 deacon. Into their home on August 7, 1886, was born a 
 daughter whom they named Ida, — the fourth in a family 
 of five daughters. Ida has grown up in the religious at- 
 mosphere of her home, and amidst its healthy physical 
 surroundings. She attended common schools until 1904, 
 when she entered Mt. Morris College for one year, and 
 then completed the Academic Course in the year 1907- 
 1908. She taught common school three years in Macon 
 County, Illinois, and, entering Bethany Bible School, in 
 1910, graduated from the three years' Bible Course pre- 
 scribed there. 
 
 In the fall of 1900, while Bro. A. G. Crosswhite was con- 
 ducting a series of meetings in the Oakley congregation, 
 Ida confessed Christ and through baptism by Brother 
 Crosswhite united with the Church of the Brethren. She 
 soon became a Sunday-school teacher, and has been active 
 along religious lines ever since. 
 
 She expects to sail sometime during the fall of 1913, 
 to Sweden, where she will assist Brother and Sister Gray- 
 bill in their work, 
 
 A. RAYMOND COTTRELL, M. D. 
 
 Missionary to India, 1913 
 
 Eli M. Cottrell, born in Darke County, Ohio^ later lo- 
 cated on a farm near Pyrmont, Indiana. Here he met 
 and married Catherine Wagoner Blickenstaflf. Both are 
 of " Pennsylvania Dutch " stock, members of the Church 
 of the Brethren, and pious people who sought to do the 
 will of the Lord. To them was born on March 21, 1884, 
 a son whom they called Asher Raymond. He is the 
 fourth child in a family of four sons and one daughter. 
 Raymond attended school in Pyrmont, Indiana, until 
 through the fourth grade. His father having moved to 
 North Manchester in 1895, Raymond had better school 
 facilities offered him, and he made use of them eagerly. 
 In a creditable manner he completed the grades, then the 
 
 298
 
 Biographical 
 
 North Manchester high school in 1903. He entered the 
 employ of the Brethren Publishing House, working in 
 the business and proofreading departments from Novem- 
 ber, 1904, to September, 1907. He spent the school year 
 of 1907 and '08 in Bethany Bible School of Chicago; then 
 two years in the American Medical Missionary College 
 at Battle Creek, Michigan; two years more in the College 
 of Medicine, University of Illinois, where, in June, 1912, 
 he received the degree of M. D. While he had some flat- 
 tering offers to remain in America Raymond declined 
 them all, in order to prepare himself for the missicn field. 
 He accepted a position in the Deaconess Hospital, Spo- 
 kane, Washington, as an interne, being house physician 
 there during 1912-13. 
 
 On August 8, 1906, he was united in marriage to Laura 
 Murphy, and together they have been pushing through 
 college. 
 
 The spiritual impress of the home, along with the sanc- 
 tuary to which place the parents took their children reg- 
 ularly, made a lasting impression upon Raymond. At the 
 tender age of eleven, while Isaac Frantz was holding a 
 series of meetings at Pyrmont, Indiana, in the spring of 
 1895, Raymond confessed Christ and united with the 
 Church of the Brethren. He served as teacher and offi- 
 cer in the Sunday-schools where he lived; he was presi- 
 dent of the Christian Workers' Society in Elgin, Illinois, 
 one term. He was president of the College Student Vol- 
 unteer Band at the University of Illinois for one year. 
 For a number of years he has observed the " tithe holy 
 unto the Lord." He rendered it to him cheerfully, and has 
 found many rich blessings by doing so. 
 
 Thus equipped, Raymond is ready to sail to India in 
 the fall of 1913, to render such service as his skilled hand 
 may be able to give to the many needy ones in that sin- 
 darkened land. 
 
 299
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 MRS. A. RAYMOND COTTRELL, M. D., NEE LAURA 
 
 M. MURPHY 
 
 Missionary to India, 1913 
 
 In Greenville, Ohio, on October 1, 1881, a daughter, 
 afterwards called Laura, was born into the home of A. J. 
 and Mary (Coates) Murphy. The father was a paper 
 hanger by trade, and the mother a nurse. Laura is the 
 oldest child in the family and has two brothers. When 
 six years old, the father died, leaving the mother in lim- 
 ited circumstances to provide for her children. Laura 
 attended public school in Greenville and graduated from 
 the high school in 1899. She attended one normal term 
 at Manchester College, North Manchester, Indiana; then 
 taught country school four years in Darke County, Ohio. 
 In September, 1904, she entered the employ of the Breth- 
 en Publishing House, reading proof for two and one- 
 half years. She was an assistant in the Sunday-school 
 department for six months. During 1907-08 she at- 
 tended Bethany Bible School and the following fall began 
 her medical training as follows: American Medical Mis- 
 sionary College, Battle Creek, Michigan, two years; Col- 
 lege of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, two 
 years, graduating June 4, 1912, with the degree of M. D. 
 She was, for three months, on the medical staflf at Battle 
 Creek Sanitarium, Michigan; eight months house physi- 
 cian at the Deaconess Hospital, Spokane, Washington. 
 
 On August 8, 1906, Laura was united in marriage to A. 
 Raymond Cottrell, and has sought to second his labors 
 faithfully ever since. 
 
 In Greenville, Ohio, Laura confessed Christ and was 
 baptized on February 2, 1896, by Levi H. Eby. This in- 
 tensified her religious purposes greatly, and she became 
 an effectual worker in the Sunday-school and Christian 
 Workers' Meetings. Though busy in her school work, 
 she was ever ready to do for others what her hands could 
 do, and looks forward with bright hopes of being used 
 
 300
 
 Biographical 
 
 by the Lord in helping to relieve the suffering, and point 
 the sufferers to her Lord and Master, after she reaches 
 India in the fall of 1913. 
 
 WINNIE CRIPE 
 Missionary to China, 1911 
 
 On a farm near North Liberty, St. Joseph County, Indi- 
 ana, on September 13, 1884, Winnie, the fourth child in a 
 family of three sons and three daughters, was born. Her 
 father, Jonathan Cripe, was an able bishop in the Church 
 of th» Brethren; her mother, Mary Ellen, was a daugh- 
 ter of David Rupel, another bishop in the District. Be- 
 fore Winnie was four years old, her mother died. After- 
 wards Ella Buzzard took up the duties of the home and 
 became a good Christian mother to the family of children. 
 Winnie had the advantages of a good public school edu- 
 cation, and finished the eighth grade in 1900. Conditions 
 in the home were such, however, that she could not go 
 away to school until after the death of her father, in 1907. 
 She came to Bethany Bible School, in Chicago, in 1908, 
 craving to know more of God and his Word, and delight- 
 ing in the privileges she found there. 
 
 While a series of meetings, conducted by D. H. Weaver, 
 was in progress in the Pine Creek congregation, Winnie 
 confessed Christ and united with the Church of the 
 Brethren, baptism being administered by Brother Wea- 
 ver April 24, 1895. When fifteen, she began to teach a 
 Sunday-school and either this or superintending the pri- 
 mary department of a Sunday-school has been her lot 
 and pleasure ever since. She especially delighted in teach- 
 ing the Chinese in the Sunday-school, conducted in con- 
 nection with the Bethany Bible School work. Since in 
 China she is located at Liao Chou, Shansi Province, and 
 is engaged in visiting homes, helping in opium refuge 
 work, teaching music in the Boys' School, and doing such 
 other duties as come within her reach. 
 
 301
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 FRANKLIN H. CRUMPACKER 
 Missionary to China, 1906 
 
 The Crumpackers are of Pennsylvania Dutch stock, 
 moved to Missouri, and settled vi^ithin the bounds of the 
 Mineral Creek congregation, and here on May 13, 1876, 
 was born Franklin Henry, the sixth child in a family of 
 eight sons. In childhood Frank was not rugged and so 
 life on the farm was much in his favor. In the country 
 school he was an average student; on the playground he 
 was active and delighted. As he approached manhood, 
 a keen desire for knowledge possessed him, and in 1895 
 he entered the Normal College at Fort Scott, Kansas, and 
 continued three winters. Then, teaching school till 1900, 
 he entered McPherson College and in the next six years 
 completed the Normal and English Bible Courses, and re- 
 ceived the degree of A. B. in the class of 1906. 
 
 He chose Anna L. Newland as his life companion, and 
 they were united in marriage on September 29, 1905. She 
 has been a true helpmeet to him in his work for the Lord. 
 To them has been born one son. 
 
 Religious truth was carefully taught Frank and his 
 brothers in rather a unique way. The father was a mem- 
 ber of the Old Order Brethren. It was his habit to gather 
 his sons about him, at the proper time, and propound and 
 discuss with them different religious problems. In this 
 way the father taught his sons Bible knowledge, and im- 
 planted such devotion to the Word of God that, in after- 
 years, five of the eight sons were called to the ministry. 
 When nineteen, Frank confessed Christ and united with 
 the Church of the Brethren in the Mineral Creek congre- 
 gation, Missouri, Brother Click administering baptism. 
 While engaged in business in Redfield, Kansas, he was 
 using all his spare time with C. S. Garber in church work, 
 and the Paint Creek congregation, recognizing his ability, 
 called him to the ministry in 1898. Four years later Mc- 
 Pherson congregation advanced him to the second degree, 
 and in September, 1907, he was ordained to the bishopric. 
 
 302
 
 Biographical 
 
 During his college days Frank became interested in mis- 
 sions. He addressed audiences in many churches in the 
 West on the subject. His chosen field was China, and the 
 Conference of 1906 accepted him as a missionary to that 
 field. He was not permitted to sail till 1908. In the mean- 
 time he was ou*t holding evangelistic meetings, winning 
 souls for Christ, and developing missionary sentiment for 
 China. 
 
 After acquiring the language in China, he settled down 
 to open the first mission of the Church of the Brethren 
 at Ping Ting Chou, in the Shansi Province. Here he has 
 labored for five years, part of the time the only white man 
 at the station. During the revolution he was compelled 
 to go to the coast for safety, but long before the author- 
 ities thought it safe to return to the interior, he was back 
 at the station, looking after the work. During 1913, along 
 with his regular duties, he superintended the erection of 
 a $5,000 building for a boys' Orphanage School. He hopes 
 great things for China, is untiring in his efforts, and the 
 Lord is blessing his labors. 
 
 MRS. FRANKLIN H. CRUMPACKER, NEE ANNA 
 
 NEWLAND 
 
 Missionary to China, 1908 
 
 Joseph D. Newland was reared on a farm near Stanford, 
 Kentucky. When a young man he came to. Marion Coun- 
 ty, Kansas. Here he met Emma Thomas, a young woman 
 from Lee County, Illinois, who became his wife on Janu- 
 ary 13, 1880. To them were given four sons and three 
 daughters, Anna, the second, being born on September 
 29, 1882. Anna started to school when five years old and 
 enjoyed its atmosphere, for she always had a keen desire 
 for an education. At seven the family moved to Wichi- 
 ta, Kansas, where educational advantages were better. 
 Five years later they located at Carlisle, Arkansas, and 
 the next year at Conway Springs, Kansas. Here she had 
 
 303
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 her best opportunities for an education. Her parents, 
 though in limited circumstances, kept Anna in school until 
 seventeen years old. Then she began to teach and make 
 her own way. She pressed on until, in 1901, she entered 
 McPherson College and graduated with the class of 1906, 
 having completed the English Bible and one of the Col- 
 legiate Courses. These were not easy days for her. She 
 worked in the kitchen, taught classes, was matron, and 
 during vacations canvassed for stereoscopic views, in or- 
 der to make money to go through school. 
 
 On September 29, 1905, she was united in marriage to 
 Franklin H. Crumpacker and to them has been given one 
 son. 
 
 Anna's mother confessed Christ at twelve, was a Sun- 
 day-school worker and sought to instill proper principles 
 into her children. Anna had the privilege of a union Sun- 
 day-school when young. At eleven she longed to confess 
 Christ but did not know how, and was too timid to reveal 
 her desires. While the family was living in Carlisle, 
 Arkansas, D. L. Forney conducted a series of meetings, 
 and it was then that Anna made the good confession, and 
 united with the Church of the Brethren, C. E. Delp bap- 
 tizing her in October, 1895. Brother Forney loaned 
 her books of the Missionary Reading Circle, and these 
 stirred her spiritual self to desire to. be a missionary. 
 While in school, she conducted mission study classes, 
 taught a Bible class, was active in the Volunteer Band 
 and ever ready to help the work of the Lord. 
 
 As special preparation for China she spent some time 
 in dispensary work in Chicago. She is, with her husband, 
 at Ping Ting Chou, Shansi Province, being a splendid 
 helper in the mission, and an undaunted support to her 
 husband's labors. 
 
 304
 
 Plate 9 
 
 Opposite 304 
 
 Ehza B. Miller D. L. Forney Mrs. D. L. Forney 
 
 Adam Ebey Mrs. Adam Ebey G. J. Fercken 
 
 Mrs. G. J. Fercken S. N. McCann Mrs. S N McCann
 
 Biographical 
 
 HENRY C. EARLY 
 Member General Mission Board, 1901 
 
 To Noah Early, of splendid German descent, and Sarah 
 Kidd Early, his wife, of equally good English descent, was 
 born on May 11, 1855, in Augusta County, Virginia, Henry 
 C, their oldest child of a family of four sons and five 
 daughters. Reared on the farm, he has chosen to remain by 
 the farm and enjoy its free and healthful life. This, 
 however, did not keep him from mind development and 
 heart culture. In the home his godly father and mother 
 exerted a great influence over his young mind and heart, 
 and laid the foundation for usefulness. This was well 
 supplemented by training in the public school, and two 
 terms in the Shenandoah Valley Normal School, at 
 Bridgewater, Virginia. He engaged fn teaching public 
 school between the years 1874 and '83, teaching his first 
 term in the Limestone schoolhouse, near Mt. Sidney, Au- 
 gusta County, Virginia. While he retired from the work 
 of the farm in 1901, his interests, financially, have still 
 been there since. 
 
 On May 25, 1876, he was married to Mary A. Showalter, 
 and by this union God blessed them with one son and five 
 daughters. 
 
 The more interesting phase of his life is his religious 
 activities. When twenty-one years old, he united with the 
 Church of the Brethren, A. D. Garber baptizing him on 
 December 12, 1876. The strength of his young manhood 
 was thrown into his new-found joy in Christ Jesus. He 
 at once became active in Sunday-school, — the only prac- 
 tical avenue open to him at the time. Here, between 
 1877 and '85, he was either teacher or superintendent, and 
 his work soon revealed the promise of a useful man for 
 the church. Hence it was that, on October 6, 1880, the 
 Barren Ridge congregation called him to the ministry, and 
 in 1883 advanced him to the second degree. The Mill 
 Creek congregation ordained him to the bishopric in Au- 
 gust, 1898. Soon after being placed in the second degree, 
 
 305
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 he became active as an evangelist, in which field he still 
 delights to labor as opportunity permits. He was the 
 chosen bishop of the Mill Creek congregation between 
 1902 and 1912, and won the love and esteem of the con- 
 gregation by his thoughtful, energetic manner of direct- 
 ing affairs. In 1912, seeking a larger field of service, with 
 opportunities of investigation and endeavor that a con- 
 gregation in the country does not offer, he took up pas- 
 toral work in the Washington, D, C, congregation, but 
 after some time had to withdraw because of some diffi- 
 culty with his eyes. 
 
 He has been a useful man to the church in larger cir- 
 cles. Frequently has he served as Moderator of his Dis- 
 trict Meeting. He has been a member of the Standing 
 Committee seven times, and its chosen Moderator four 
 times. In these capacities his service has been most ac- 
 ceptable. When the General Educational Board was cre- 
 ated, in 1908, he was made one of its members, and by 
 that body elected as its Chairman. In this capacity he 
 has since served, and has been the moving spirit of the 
 good work accomplished there. He was Chairman of the 
 "Dress Committee," appointed in 1910, and framed the pa- 
 per that, with some changes by the Committee, was adopt- 
 ed at St. Joseph, Missouri, Conference in 1911, and since 
 then has been the helpful rule of the church on a question 
 that was giving her deep concern. In 1912 he became a 
 member of an important committee to which is committed 
 " the whole ministerial question, including election, qual- 
 ification, instruction, distribution and management." In 
 1903 he became corresponding editor of the Gospel Mes- 
 senger by appointment of the General Mission Board, and 
 his strong editorials on live subjects have attracted at- 
 tention of the readers. 
 
 The Conference of 1901 appointed Bro. Early a member 
 of the General Mission Board, in which position he has 
 labored since. He has been its Vice-president for a num- 
 ber of years. He enjoys the confidence of the Board, as 
 is seen in the fact that three times, the last in 1913, the 
 
 306
 
 Biographical 
 
 Board recommended his name to the Conference, and that 
 the latter approved his appointment to visit the foreign 
 fields. 
 
 ADAM EBEY 
 Missionary to India, 1900 
 
 Cornelius and Susan Huff Ebey were both born in Ohio, 
 and while young moved to Noble County, Indiana. Later 
 they were married and located on a farm near Wawaka, 
 Indiana, which has since been the home for the family. 
 To them were born eight sons and six daughters. Adam, 
 the fifth child, gladdened the home of his parents on Au- 
 gust 12, 1866, after the four older children had died. As 
 soon as Adam was old enough, he helped his mother 
 to take care of her family of children and since his fa- 
 ther's death, in 1890, has been looked upon somewhat as 
 a father by all his brothers and sisters. Country school 
 education and then two years at Mt. Morris College, Mt. 
 Morris, Illinois, made up his training till 1890. He then 
 settled at home, to help his mother. He taught for sev- 
 eral winters until, in 1896, entering Manchester College, 
 North Manchester, Indiana, he completed the Bible Course 
 in 1899. 
 
 On September 5, 1900, he was united in marriage with 
 Alice King. To them have been born, in India, three 
 sons and four daughters, five of whom have gone to be 
 with the angels in glory. 
 
 Adam's home environment was of the best. The fam- 
 ily entertained many of the visiting brethren at their 
 home and Adam enjoyed this influence. Ea'rly he con- 
 fessed Christ, and in time was called to the ministry in 
 the Springfield congregation. He was ordained to the 
 bishopric in India by the laying on of hands by W. B. 
 Stover and S. N. McCann. In the fall of 1900 he sailed 
 to India, where he has labored faithfully. At his station, 
 Dahanu, he is conducting an extensive medical work. 
 
 307
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 During the year 1912 he had 9,718 new cases for treatment. 
 Nearly 4,000 of these came back the second and third 
 time. About half of them were visited in their homes 
 also. But Adam did not go out as a medical missionary! 
 Besides, he is directing colporteurs, Bible women and 
 has general supervision of five schools in educational 
 work, the total enrollment of these being 220. They 
 spent one year home on furlough, in 1908, and were 
 happy to return to their fields of labor. 
 
 MRS. ADAM EBEY, NEE ALICE KING 
 Missionary to India in 1900 
 
 Daniel J. and Mary Grisso King were reared in Ohio, 
 came to Indiana as young people, married, and were liv- 
 ing near Laketon, Indiana, when, on November 11, 1871, 
 Alice, their second child, was born. Their family of chil- 
 dren consisted of one son and three daughters. At 
 twelve, the family moved upon a small tract of land near 
 North Manchester, Indiana, where the father engaged in 
 trucking and day's labor to make a living. Alice made 
 good use of the common school within her easy reach; 
 spent two years in the North Manchester high school, 
 then taught two winters, and spent the spring terms at 
 Mt. Morris College, Mt. Morris, Illinois. In 1893 she com- 
 pleted one of the Academic Courses at Mt. Morris Col- 
 lege, taught a year, returned and spent one year in the 
 Bible Department. With the opening of Manchester Col- 
 lege, in 1895, she entered and completed her Bible Course 
 in the spring of 1897, was assistant teacher in the Bible 
 Department for two years, and then spent one year on 
 Bible study in the University of Chicago. While at North 
 Manchester, for two years, she did practically all the 
 editorial work of the Bible Student. 
 
 On September 5, 1900, she was united in marriage to 
 Adam Ebey, and the following month they sailed for 
 India. In that land three sons and four daughters have 
 
 308
 
 Biographical 
 
 been born to them and five have passed to the better land. 
 
 Alice received strong spiritual impulses from her par- 
 ents, virho were faithful members of the Church of the 
 Brethren. At fourteen she confessed Christ as her Sav- 
 ior and united with the church. Two years later, when 
 a Sunday-school was organized, she became a teacher, 
 and served as teacher or superintendent when at home 
 until she went abroad. 
 
 In India she has labored faithfully with her husband at 
 the station, Dahanu. Their work, along medical and dis- 
 pensary lines, is large. She is able to do. some visiting, 
 conducts a weekly Bible class for women, and rejoices 
 to serve the Lord in India as she is thus permitted to do. 
 
 ANNA EBY 
 Missionary to India, 1912 
 
 In the pleasant farm home of Josiah and Emma (Lan- 
 dis) Eby, there were born on September 16, 1886, Anna 
 and Robert S., — twins. Robert died when six years old; 
 later another daughter came to gladden the home. The 
 father, a faithful bishop, was a successful schoolteacher 
 for nineteen years and then confined himself entirely to 
 farming. Anna inherited a desire for an education, and 
 desired to be a teacher. She completed the country pub- 
 lic school with credit; also the four years' high school in 
 Dayton, Ohio, with the class of 1904. Then she spent 
 one year at Manchester College, North Manchester, In- 
 diana. Returning to her home she taught the home 
 school for three years. In 1908 she entered Bethany Bible 
 School, Chicago, and with the class of 1912 completed the 
 Bible Teachers' and Mission Training Courses. 
 
 She responded fully to the pious atmosphere, created in 
 the home by her parents and a dear aged grandmother. 
 On September 3, 1899, she publicly confessed Christ 
 through baptism, administered by J. W. Beeghly, and 
 thus united with the Bear Creek congregation of the 
 
 309
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 Church of the Brethren. Her young life had its severe 
 trials. As a member of the church she was faithful, while 
 attending the Dayton high school, — perhaps the hardest 
 test that comes to a young sister to endure. Her Chris- 
 tian experience at Manchester College and Bethany Bible 
 School was an overflowing joy. Her practical work in 
 primary Sunday-school, in home Bible classes, Jewish 
 work and Chinese Sunday-school was good. She was lead- 
 er of the Volunteer Band, and ever ready to do what 
 her consecrated hands could perform. During her last 
 four years in school she had China in mind, but when 
 the Board called her to India, she responded with a smile, 
 and rejoiced in being permitted to go there. For the first 
 year in India her progress in language study has been 
 good, and she is now about ready to enter upon effectual 
 work- 
 
 ENOCH EBY 
 
 Member of General Mission Board 1880-1885; 1893-1899 
 
 Jacob Eby, a farmer living in Juniata County, Pennsyl- 
 vania, was united in marriage to Susannah Myers March 
 21, 1820. To them were given five sons and four daugh- 
 ters, of whom Enoch was the fifth child. Enoch's early 
 surroundings, outside the home, were not favorable. He 
 himself stated on one occasion: "There were no Sunday- 
 schools, but plenty of distilleries, with much dancing, 
 swearing and frolicking. I thank God for the strict paren- 
 tal government which alone, with God's help, kept me 
 from moral destruction." He had scant opportunity for 
 education, — even in a country school, — yet, when a young 
 man, he was engaged in teaching country school. With 
 much determination he pressed forward, working on the 
 farm in the summer, and teaching in the winter. In 1855 
 he moved his little family to Stephenson County, Illinois, 
 and located near Lena, within the bounds of the Waddams 
 Grove congregation. Here he was successful as a farmer, 
 
 310
 
 Biographical 
 
 even though much of his time was given to church work. 
 In 1887 he moved on a farm near Darlow, Kansas, but in 
 1901 returned to Lena, Illinois, where he spent the re- 
 mainder of his days. 
 
 On November 19, 1847, Enoch was united in marriage 
 to Hettie, a daughter of Joseph Howe. To them were 
 born three sons and five daughters. The mother died on 
 January 28, 1861, and on March 10, 1864, Enoch was mar- 
 ried to Anna GilfiUen, who passed away on June 20, 1906. 
 
 Enoch's parents were godly people, and gave their chil- 
 dren careful religious training, as is seen in the fact that 
 all of them united with the church while young. In 1845, 
 when but seventeen, he united with the Church of the 
 Brethren. In 1851 he was called to the ministry in the 
 Aughwick congregation of Pennsylvania. After he located 
 in Illinois, he was advanced to the second degree, and 
 later, in 1864, ordained to the bishopric. In 1877 he was 
 sent, with Daniel Fry, to establish our mission work in 
 Denmark, thus becoming the pioneer of foreign missions. 
 He was much used of the church on many different and 
 important committees. He was often Moderator of his 
 District Meeting and represented his District on Standing 
 Committee eighteen times. During that service he was 
 either Moderator or Clerk fifteen times. 
 
 When the first missionary organization was set on foot 
 in 1880, Brother Eby was a member and its President. 
 When the new plan was approved in 1884 he served one 
 year on the General Board; then dropped out till 1893- 
 99. While on the Board, as its President, he was deeply 
 concerned for the progress of the Gospel and ever ready 
 to go forward. 
 
 He rejoiced much in the work of the church till the 
 close of life, which came to him April 29, 1910. News 
 of his death was received while the Board was in session 
 at Elgin, Illinois, and proper resolutions were passed 
 at that meeting. Plis body is at rest in the Chelsea cem- 
 etery, within the bounds of the Waddams Grove congrega- 
 tion, Northern Illinois. 
 
 311
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 ENOCH H. EBY 
 Missionary to India, 1904 
 
 John Eby, son of Enoch Eby, a leading spirit of the 
 Brotherhood at the close of the last century, was born 
 and raised in Stephenson County, Illinois. He married 
 Anna, daughter of Daniel Price, on February 10, 1876. To 
 them were born four sons and three daughters. Soon aft- 
 er John and Anna were married, they moved to Iowa 
 and here Enoch, their first child, was born on January 15, 
 1877. When seven years old the family moved to Summer- 
 field, Kansas, and here the lad began his career as a stu- 
 dent. He delighted in books, was a close student and at 
 sixteen entered McPherson College. By working his 
 way through school, he completed five courses during the 
 eight following years, graduating with the class of 1904 
 in his college work. 
 
 He was united in marriage to Emma Ada, daughter of 
 Abraham Horner, of Carlisle, Nebraska, on April 12, 
 1903. To them have been born three sons. 
 
 Enoch's parents were deeply concerned about the spir- 
 itual welfare of their children. The father's sermons 
 moved the child's heart in early years. In the Morrill 
 congregation, of Kansas, Enoch confessed Christ, and 
 united with the Church of the Brethren in June, 1887, 
 when but ten years old. This step, in time, opened a new 
 field for service and into it he entered with zest. He 
 was a diligent worker in Sunday-school, He delighted 
 in helping in a mission school in McPherson, where he 
 taught a class of boys and thus showed his love for his 
 Master, While at college, he was leader in missions, or- 
 ganized mission study classes, and sought every avenue 
 possible for greater good among the student body. Mc- 
 Pherson College called him to the ministry May 16, 1900. 
 He preached his first sermon the next month at Summer- 
 field, Kansas, He spent, while going to school, five sum- 
 mers in canvassing in Kansas, Colorado, Utah, Idaho and 
 Washington, 
 
 312
 
 Biographical 
 
 In 1904 he went as a missionary to India. After ac- 
 quiring the language, he was located first at Ankleshwer, 
 looking towards opening a mission in Jhagadia in the Raj 
 Pipla state. After considerable work had been done at 
 the latter place, the station was abandoned for the time, 
 and he located at Vali. Here he engaged in village work 
 along with assisting in the care of the station, and had 
 full charge during Brother Lichty's furlough. After three 
 years' service at this station, his furlough home was al- 
 ready past due. When all arrangements were made for 
 sailing, Brother Eby was taken with pneumonia, and his 
 wife and oldest son with smallpox. This delayed their 
 homecoming two months, and caused them to miss the 
 Conference of 1912. During the year on furlough, they 
 have spent the time in Chicago, at Bethany Bible School. 
 His furlough is extended, because his health has not yet 
 been fully regained. 
 
 MRS. ENOCH H. EBY, NEE EMMA HORNER 
 
 Missionary to India, 1904 
 
 To Abram Horner, raised in Somerset County, Penn- 
 sylvania, and Annetta Wicks, of Huntingdon County, 
 same State, who were married on January 21, 1869, were 
 given six sons and five daughters, of whom Emma, the 
 fourth child, was born on April 15, 1874, on the farm near 
 Falls City, Nebraska. In 1875 the family moved to Car- 
 lisle, the same State. When Emma was four years old, 
 she began going to school. She spent happy days in the 
 school-room, and had an ambition, at fifteen, to become 
 a schoolteacher. At seventeen she attended high school 
 at Beatrice, Nebraska, and lived in the home of J. E. 
 Young. In 1893 she began teaching, and for the next 
 ten years was either teaching or going to school. During 
 this time she spent five years in McPherson College, Mc- 
 Pherson, Kansas, where she completed four courses of 
 study, and graduated with the class of 1901. 
 
 313
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 At McPherson she met Enoch H. Eby and was united 
 in marriage to him on April 12, 1903. To. them were born 
 three sons. 
 
 Emma's earliest recollections are of going to church in 
 the lumber wagon. Her Sunday-school teachers made 
 deep impressions upon her young mind. When fifteen 
 years old, she confessed Christ and united with the Church 
 of the Brethren in the Bethel congregation on May 12, 
 1889. This step opened new fields of usefulness and she 
 was old enough to go to work at once. She was active 
 in the Sunday-school as a teacher, and also served as a 
 leader of young people's meetings, the Reading Circle, 
 and kindred church activities. 
 
 She gladly joined her husband in his work as a mis- 
 sionary, and labored faithfully in India. During the last 
 year on the field, she suffered much from a hard attack 
 of smallpox. This delayed their homecoming, and caused 
 them to miss the Conference of 1912. She is now wait- 
 ing the full recovery of her husband's health, so that 
 they may return to their chosen field of labor. 
 
 JESSE B. EMMERT 
 Missionary to India, 1902 
 
 About one mile south of Waynesboro, Franklin County, 
 Pennsylvania, lived Joseph F. Emmert, a mechanic and 
 inventor. He and his wife, as well as their ancestors, for 
 several generations, were members of the Church of the 
 Brethren, thus bringing to their children a good and noble 
 heritage. To them Jesse B. was born on October 11, 
 1873. From his father he inherited the mechanical genius 
 which guided his choice of livelihood. He worked in the 
 Frick shops of Waynesboro, where his father was fore- 
 man; later he secured a position in the Altoona (Pa.) car 
 shops where, in six months, he saved two hundred dol- 
 lars from his earnings. 
 
 His early education was received iri the public schools. 
 
 314
 
 Biographical 
 
 Then, the opportunity offering itself, he went to Juniata 
 College, at Huntingdon, Pennsylvania, where he finished 
 his academic and college courses, earning his way entirely 
 by applying his mechanical ability during spare hours. 
 He graduated in 1902, just before starting for India. 
 
 On December 29, 1895, Jesse united with the Church of 
 the Brethren, while in the Antietam congregation of 
 Pennsylvania. The story of his religious life is the story 
 of his college life, for they are one. He began at once 
 to save others and during the same winter, of his own 
 conversion, led others to Christ. In 1897 he was elected 
 President of the Missionary Society, and in that work 
 his missionary interest was awakened. During the same 
 winter he became a charter member of the College Boys' 
 Christian Band. He was delegate to the Student Volun- 
 teen Convention at Cleveland, Ohio, and also to the Stu- 
 dent Convention at Northfield, Massachusetts. At these 
 places his missionary enthusiasm was increased. In 1899 
 he joined the Student Volunteer Band, in which he waa 
 an earnest worker. In 1900 he was appointed Sunday^ 
 school Secretary for the Middle District of Pennsylvania. 
 In 1901 he was elected to. the ministry. When the Middle 
 District of Pennsylvania decided to send out a missionary, 
 Brother Emmert was the choice of the District. 
 
 On the field he has done much good work. He has su- 
 perintended the erection of nearly all the buildings in 
 India, has developed the industrial work to a high point 
 of efficiency, along with doing, as District Sunday-school 
 Secretary, a large amount of work for the Sunday-school. 
 On February 23, 1905, he and Sister Gertrude Rowland 
 were united in marriage. To them have been born three 
 children. Because of the nature of Brother Emmert's 
 work, they have their home at Bulsar. They were home 
 on furlough 1909-1910. Their visit among the churches 
 increased missionary interest, and they returned much re- 
 freshed. 
 
 315
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 MRS. JESSE B. EMMERT, NEE GERTRUDE 
 
 ROWLAND 
 
 Missionary to India, 1904 
 
 On a farm near Reids, Washington County, Maryland, 
 on October 10, 1876, Gertrude E. Rowland gladdened the 
 home of her parents, Abram S. and Susan Friedly Row- 
 land, because, preceding her in the home, were five sons. 
 Her young life was marked with the joys common to a 
 good home. She attended the public school until, in 1895, 
 she was induced to enter Juniata College, Huntingdon, 
 Pennsylvania. She applied herself for two years, dropped 
 one year to teach school, and then returned and finished 
 a course the year following. She returned home and en- 
 tered upon teaching; but after two yeaVs she was com- 
 pelled to quit, because not strong enough to endure the 
 strain. 
 
 When eighteen years old, she confessed Christ at Ju- 
 niata College, and united with the Church of the Breth- 
 ren, baptism being administered by W. J. Swigart. Her 
 spiritual growth was marked while at Juniata College, and 
 she took hold of religious duties with pleasure. She was 
 leader of the Young Ladies' Christian Band, and super- 
 intendent of the home Sunday-school during the summer, 
 and thus made herself useful for her Lord. 
 
 During the winter of 1903 she was constrained to oflFer 
 her life in service on the India field. She was approved 
 by the Conference at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, but was 
 not permitted to sail that fall on' account of her health. 
 After a short rest she came to Chicago and assisted Cora 
 Cripe in the Children's Mission there. This gladdened her 
 heart, and she and her work were long remembered. In 
 the fall of 1904 she sailed for India. At Bulsar, on Feb- 
 ruary 23, 1905, she was united in marriage to Jesse B. 
 Emmert and has been a faithful helper in his active life 
 on the field. To them have been born three children. 
 She enjoyed the furlough home during 1910-11 but was 
 glad to return to her chosen field of labor. 
 
 316
 
 Biographical 
 
 GASTON J. FERCKEN 
 
 Missionary to Asia Minor, 1895 to 1899 
 
 Missionary to Switzerland and France, 1899 to 1906 
 
 William E. Fercken was a Hollander by birth, a mer- 
 chant by trade, a Vice-consul of the Netherlands in 
 Aleppo, at the time his son, Gaston, was born on June 
 10, 1855. His wife was a native of Marseilles, France, and 
 a daughter of one of the soldiers who, under Napoleon, 
 fought at Waterloo.. When the son was still a child, the 
 Government ordered the father to locate at Beirut, he 
 having been made Consul for the Netherlands in that 
 place. From seven till fourteen Gaston attended the pri- 
 vate school of a Lutheran minister w^ho taught him read- 
 ing, spelling, arithmetic, grammar, history, geography, 
 the Bible and the catechism. He then entered the Na- 
 tional College, a native institution, where all the studies 
 were pursued in Arabic. Five years gave him thorough 
 training in the language as well as other studies. Here 
 he also learned the English language. He began work in 
 an insunance and mercantile office, but soon having an 
 opportunity to travel through France, Italy, Tunis, Al- 
 geria, Egypt, India and Ceylon, with a wealthy manufac- 
 turer as his private interpreter, he quit the office. In the 
 meantime, his parents both having died, he located at 
 Smyrna, where his father was born, and where two of 
 his brothers resided. Here he spent five years in the 
 Austrian College, teaching and pursuing his studies, until 
 he was granted the degrees of B. A. and B. S. Here also 
 he became fluent in speaking the Greek. Up to this time 
 he had made no profession. His mother was a Catholic; 
 his father never identified himself with any organization. 
 Gaston felt called to the ministry and thought he would 
 attend a divinity school, and look into the Word to de- 
 termine where he could be most at home. The choice 
 of schools was at Geneva, Switzerland, in the Free Re- 
 formed church. After two years' study he embraced the 
 
 317
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 opportunity to come to America, and finish his theolog- 
 ical education in the Episcopal College at Middletown, 
 Connecticut. He then entered the ministry of the Epis- 
 copal church. At this time he was married to a lady 
 from South Carolina, and to them were born a son and a 
 daughter. He spent ten years on the Pacific Coast, as 
 a missionary for the Episcopal church. In December, 
 1894, he and his wife, after some correspondence with 
 D. L. Miller and one or two others, came to Mt. Mor- 
 ris, Illinois, and united with the Church of the Brethren. 
 In due time the Mt. Morris church called him to the min- 
 istry, the Conference of 1895 approved of him as a mis- 
 sionary to Asia Minor, and in the fall of the same year 
 he and his family located at Smyrna, Asia Minor. Here 
 he labored, preaching the Gospel, and also conducting 
 an orphanage, until, after a careful investigation by D. L. 
 Miller, in 1899, the mission was closed, and Brother 
 Fercken opened a mission at Lancy, near Geneva, Switzer- 
 land. After about three years the mission and orphanage 
 were moved to Oyonnax, France, a small village in the 
 eastern part of that Republic. He was home on furlough 
 in 1903 and at the Conference at Bellefontaine represented 
 Switzerland on the Standing Committee. 
 
 Brother Fercken was a fluent writer, a great reader, and 
 while in France began to follow the teaching of Sweden- 
 borg. In 1903 he published, unknown to the General Mis- 
 sion Board, through the Swedenborgian press, "Twelve 
 Letters to. My Son," followed the next year by " Even 
 Thine Altars;" and in still another year by "The Divine 
 Philosophy." With the issue of the last book a fevir 
 brethren learned of his books and secured them. As 
 soon as he learned this, in 1906, he left his mission in 
 France for parts unknown. After some time it was 
 learned that he was on an island east of Madagascar, in 
 the Indian Ocean. His wife did not accompany him after 
 he left France. 
 
 318
 
 Biographical 
 
 MRS. GASTON J. FERCKEN 
 
 Missionary to Asia Minor, 1895 to 1899 
 
 Missionary to Switzerland, 1899 to 1902 
 
 Sister Fercken was a daughter of a wealthy gentle- 
 man in South Carolina. She was attending school in the 
 North, formed the acquaintance of G. J. Fercken and 
 married him. To them were born a son and a daughter. 
 She accompanied her husband through all his labors until 
 after the mission was established in France. She then 
 brought her children to America and at last accounts 
 she was living with relatives in New York City. 
 
 DAVID S. FILBRUN 
 Member of Book and Tract Work, 1890-1894 
 
 David S. Filbrun was born near New Carlisle, Miami 
 County, Ohio, on January 18, 1852. His parents were ear- 
 nest Christian people, the father serving as deacon in 
 the Church of the Brethren for many years. Reared upon 
 the farm, their children had every advantage for a well 
 rounded out development. David is the fourth child in a 
 family of four sons and five daughters. The common 
 schools were good and David applied himself diligently. 
 At eighteen years of age he began to teach public school, 
 and taught twenty-four consecutive years, giving two 
 years, however, exclusively to township supervision. His 
 first school was in Sulphur Grove schoolhouse, nine miles 
 north of Dayton, Ohio. 
 
 On December 12, 1872, he was united in marriage to 
 Sarah Ellen Karns, and to them were born one son and 
 four daughters. All are living but one daughter, and all 
 have confessed Christ. 
 
 When twenty-three years old, Brother Filbrun con- 
 fessed Christ and united with the Church of the Brethren 
 in the Hickory Grove congregation. Southern Ohio, Jo- 
 
 319
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 seph Arnold administering the rite of baptism. In 1880 
 he was called to the deacon's office by this congregation, 
 and served till June 10, 1883, when he was elected to the 
 ministry. He preached his first sermon on October 20, 
 in the West Charleston house, using for his text 1 Cor. 
 3: 11. In 1887 he was advanced to. the second degree, and 
 on October 25, 1900, ordained to the bishopric by the 
 laying on of hands, Jesse Stutsman and Daniel C. Hen- 
 drickson officiating. In Sunday-school lines he has been, 
 and is, an enthusiastic worker. He was active in evan- 
 gelistic work. In 1900 he went to Utah under the direc- 
 tion of the General Mission Board and endeavored to es- 
 tablish a mission near Brigham City, sixty miles north 
 of Salt Lake City. He spent two years; but the time being 
 inopportune, the mission was closed, and he returned to 
 Ohio. He was pastor of the First Church of the Breth- 
 ren in Chicago from June, 1906, to August, 1908. Then he 
 went to West Dayton, Ohio, for four years, and is now in 
 charge of a mission church at Circleville, Ohio. He 
 served fro.m 1890 to 1894 as a member of the Book and 
 Tract Work, and from 1895 to 1905 on the Tract Examin- 
 ing Committee. While he is devoting his time to Cir- 
 cleville, Ohio, his heart is warm for the larger interests 
 of the church in all the world. 
 
 DANIEL L. FORNEY 
 
 Missionary to India, 1897 to 1904 
 
 Edmund Forney comes from Somerset County, Penn- 
 sylvania, stock. He was reared on a farm, taught school 
 a few terms, and came west before he was twenty. He 
 finally located in Ogle County, Illinois. Here he met and 
 on April 24, 1862, married Elizabeth, the daughter of 
 Isaac Hershey, who, some years before, came from Wash- 
 ington County, Maryland. To them were given seven 
 sons and two daughters, their second child being Daniel, 
 born on October 1, 1865. He helped his mother in the 
 
 320
 
 Plate 10 
 
 Opposite 320 
 
 Sadie J. Miller J. B. Emmert Mrs. J. B. Emmert 
 
 Mary N. Quinter j. M. Blough Mrs. J. M. Bloiigh 
 
 O. H. Yereman D. J. Lichty Mrs. D. J. Ijiclity
 
 Biographical 
 
 home and went to common school until about twelve 
 years old. Then he engaged in hard work on the farm, 
 and had a small part of the winter to attend school each 
 year. At seventeen he was teaching country school. In 
 1888 he entered Mt. Morris College, Mt. Morris, Illinois, 
 and continued for five years, graduating in the Academic 
 Clas'sical Course in the class of 1893. 
 
 On January 1, 1896, at North Manchester, Indiana, he 
 was united in marriage to Anna Shull. To them have 
 been born five daughters. 
 
 Daniel's childhood was marked by a very sensitive con- 
 science in doing what was right. He longed to be right 
 with Go<l, long before he confessed Christ, at eleven years 
 old. The occasion was a love feast in the Pine Creek 
 congregation, in October of 1877. M. S. Newcomer ad- 
 ministered the rite of baptism. When twenty years old, 
 the Pine Creek congregation called him into the ministry 
 on June 4, 1886. Soon after, he made his first efifort to 
 preach, using for his text John 3: 16. It was while at Mt. 
 Morris College, under the deep, spiritual influence felt 
 there, that conviction came into his life to devote himself 
 to forwarding the kingdom of God, rather than to pursue 
 any other course. Missions appealed to him, and after 
 his school work was done, he entered upon practical 
 work in Arkansas, where he spent three years. On Sep- 
 tember 4, 1897, Palestine, Arkansas, congregation rejoiced 
 in his advancement to the bishopric by the laying on of 
 hands by Henry Brubaker and Frank Bradley. Soon after 
 the General Mission Board invited him to go to India, 
 and on October 27, 1897, he and his family sailed for their 
 new field of labor. Here, after acquiring the language, 
 he located first at Novsari, a native city, and a few years 
 later, after the mission house was completed, at Jalalpor. 
 Continued illness in his family interfered somewhat with 
 aggressive work for him, and yet his earnest, patient la- 
 bors were greatly appreciated. Finally, in 1904, much to 
 the regret of all, he and his family returned to America. 
 
 Brother Forney served on the Standing Committee at 
 the Annual Meeting at Carthage, Missouri, in 1904, and 
 
 321
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 St. Joseph, Missouri, in 1911. His home is in Reedley, 
 California. Missions have not a more loyal supporter 
 than Brother Forney, whose heart is in India. 
 
 MRS. D. L. FORNEY, NEE ANNA SHULL 
 Missionary to India, 1897 to 1904 
 
 To George and Elizabeth (Brubaker) Shull, who lived 
 near Virden, Illinois, were given one son and four daugh- 
 ters, of whom Anna, born January 9, 1871, was fourth. 
 The family was in limited circumstances and the bulrden 
 seemed very heavy to all when, four years after her birth, 
 Anna's father died. But the mother being strong and 
 courageous, kept the children together and gave them a 
 happy childhood. During the winter Anna attended the 
 Pleasant Hill public school. Thus the years passed until 
 Anna was nearly sixteen, when her mother passed away. 
 Anna found a good home with her uncle, J. H. Brubaker, 
 of Virden, Illinois. Soon after this Anna entered Mt. 
 Morris College, Mt. Morris, Illinois, where she pursued 
 the Teachers' Course and did much Bible study for three 
 years. Later she finished the Bible Course at Manchester 
 College, North Manchester, Indiana. In order to accom- 
 plish this, she taught country school, canvassed for books, 
 and did any honorable work that brought the needed 
 funds. 
 
 While living at North Manchester, Indiana, on January 
 1, 1896, she was united in marriage to Daniel L. Forney 
 and to them have been born five daughters. 
 
 Anna recalls her mother's fervent prayers at family 
 worship, after her father died, how she was taken to Sun- 
 day-school, in Daniel Vaniman's barn, before the church 
 had given her consent to have it in the churchhouse. She 
 accepted Christ in her early years, and after marriage 
 accompanied her husband to the mission field of Arkan- 
 sas. Here she enjoyed her labors, and endeared herself 
 to the hearts of the people. She trustfully accepted the 
 
 322
 
 Biographical 
 
 call to India, when she could not see the way in going, 
 and the close of 1897 found her on foreign soil, studying 
 a heathen language. In February, 1899, they located at 
 Novsari, a native city without a missionary. When the 
 famine broke out in 1900, they took a number of famine 
 children. The mission house in Jalalpor having been com- 
 pleted, they moved there, remaining at that place until 
 their return to America in 1904. It was with deep regret, 
 considered imperative, for health considerations, that the 
 family should return to America. Though living in a good 
 home in CalifoTnia, yet their hearts long for the India 
 field, and, had it been thought advisable, they would 
 have gladly returned, as late as two years ago. 
 
 ISAAC FRANTZ 
 Member of Book and Tract Work, 18S7-1890 
 Member of General Mission Board, 1895-1897 
 
 To Jacob Frantz, a well-to-do farmer of German de- 
 scent, and Phebe, his wife, a daughter of Abraham Stude- 
 baker, there was born, on June 15, 1850, in Clark County, 
 Ohio, near Springfield, a son whom they named Isaac. 
 He was the oldest child in a family of three sons and 
 three daughters. The father and mother confessed Christ 
 early in life, and sought to impart the vital truths of 
 Christianity to their children. Reared on the farm, Isaac 
 always liked the soil well, and has continued near it 
 till, in recent years, he resides in Pleasant Hill, Ohio. 
 His education did not extend beyond the common schools. 
 
 On January 4, 1872, he was united in marriage to Eliz- 
 abeth E., daughter of Joseph B. Miller, living in Dayton, 
 Ohio. To this union were born three sons and three 
 daughters. Death removed his faithful companion, and 
 on December 25, 1893, he was married to Emma K., 
 daughter of Isaac Kulp, of Graters Ford, Pennsylvania. 
 By this union one daughter was born. Sister Emma died 
 of cancer on August 27, 1912. 
 
 223
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 In the Hickory Grove congregation, of Southern Ohio, 
 Isaac confessed Christ and united with the Church of the 
 Brethren, Isaac Studebaker baptizing him March 18, 1876. 
 He was active in Sunday-school work, and ready to do 
 whatever the church called upon him. to do. On March 
 4, 1880, he was elected to the ministry in the Newton con- 
 gregation. On the third Sunday following he preached his 
 first sermon from Romans 1: 16. He was ordained to 
 the bishopric by the laying on of hands by Brethren J. K. 
 Brumbaugh and D. C. Hendrickson, on March 1, 1906. He 
 was chosen overseer of the Newton congregation in 1907, 
 which position he still occupies. 
 
 As a member of the Book and Tract Work he was most 
 earnest and active in promoting its interests. His ad- 
 dresses at Conference, in behalf of tract distribution and 
 the use of the " Golden Gleams " in the home, are still 
 remembered by many. He completed the unexpired term 
 of S. W. Hoover on the General Mission Board, and was 
 sent by that Board on some important tours of investi- 
 gation. 
 
 He is now giving his entire time to evangelistic work, 
 in which he takes great delight, and has been richly 
 blessed of the Lord, 
 
 JAMES R. GISH 
 
 Member of General Mission Board, 1885 to 1887 
 
 Christian Gish was a farmer and member of the Church 
 of the Brethren, living in Roanoke County, Virginia. He 
 married Elizabeth, daughter of John Houtz, and to them 
 were given two sons and six daughters, Rufus being the 
 sixth child, born on June 4, 1826. He was reared on the 
 farm, knew what hard work was, and enjoyed it. He had 
 few school privileges. In January, 1849, he was united in 
 marriage to Barbara, a daughter of Emanuel Kindig. 
 The fall of the same year the young people migrated by 
 wagon to. Woodford County, Illinois, and settled on 
 
 324
 
 Biographical 
 
 Grand Prairie, where the city of Roanoke now stands. 
 Land was cheap in those days, and Rufus first entered and 
 then bought, until he owned a large lot of the most val- 
 uable land. In this way he laid the foundation for the 
 large estate he devoted to the advancement of the king- 
 dom and the glory of God. 
 
 Rufus' parents were earnest members of the Church of 
 the Brethren and sought to rear their children properly. 
 Some years after his marriage, on June 27, 1852, Rufus 
 and his wife Barbara, Geo. W. Gish and Sarah Jane, his 
 wife, Tobias Kindig and Anna, his wife, and P. A. Moore 
 and Clarinda, his wife, — in all eight, — were baptized by 
 David Martin. These, with Brother Gish's father and 
 mother, and three others, who had migrated to the same 
 colony, formed themselves into a congregation. On Octo- 
 ber 23, 1852, the little band elected Rufus to the ministry. 
 He took steps to prepare himself properly, and soon 
 showed himself a workman of whom no one needed to be 
 ashamed. On June 26, 1853, he was advanced, and on 
 October 23, 1863, ordained to the bishopric by the laying 
 on of hands by David Martin and Jacob Negley. He and 
 his wife did their best for the spiritual welfare of the 
 church, and soon he was overseer of one of the strongest 
 congregations in Southern Illinois. 
 
 Brother Gish loved the highways and byways of life. 
 He and his wife would start out in a private conveyance, 
 make long journeys and preach to the people as oppor- 
 tunity was opened to them. This he enjoyed better than 
 the large gatherings in the well-settled congregations of 
 the Brotherhood. His labors extended through much of 
 the Southwest of the United States. He was appointed 
 on the General Mission Board, but resigned after two 
 years of service, and went to the front again. It was the 
 wisdom of "Aunt Barbara," after her husband's death, to 
 provide for the ministers as they are now being helped 
 through the Gish Publishing Fund, described elsewhere in 
 this volume. 
 
 325
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 JACOB F. GRAYBILL 
 Missionary to Sweden, 1911 
 
 Near Annville, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania, lived 
 Henry and Barbara Graybill on a farm. The husband 
 made no profession of Christianity and the wife was a 
 devout member of the United Brethren Church. To them 
 were born three sons and one daughter, of whom Jacob 
 F., born on June 10, 1874, was the second child. Jacob's 
 father died when he was four years old, and pious grand- 
 parents reared the lad. He received a good public school 
 education, and also attended a private academy. After 
 his marriage he engaged in farming four years, worked in 
 a flouring mill two years, and in the Harrisburg car 
 shops three years. 
 
 He was united in marriage to Alice M., daughter of 
 John Hof¥er, of Annville, Pennsylvania. 
 
 Though not members of the Church of the Brethren, 
 Jacob's grandparents were godly people, who gave the 
 proper spiritual trend to his life. Two years after mar- 
 riage, while living in Harrisburg, he confessed Christ and 
 united with the Church of the Brethren at Palmyra, Penn- 
 sylvania, Jacoib Longenecker administering baptism. He 
 at once became active, and a leader in the Palmyra Sun- 
 day-school. At thirty he was called to the ministry, and 
 this changed his life purposes. In order better to qual- 
 ify himself, he entered Elizabethtown College, Elizabeth- 
 town, Pennsylvania, and took the Bible Course two years. 
 Then he accepted a pastorate in the Amwell and Union 
 churches of New Jersey, under the Mission Board of 
 Eastern Pennsylvania, and while there attended a Bible 
 Teacher Training School in New York City. In 1909 he 
 accepted a position on the faculty of Hebron Seminary, at 
 Nokesville, Virginia, teaching Bible, English and Mathe- 
 matics. It was here that he offered his services to the 
 General Mission Board, and in the summer of 1911 went 
 to Malmo, Sweden, in behalf of the church. Since on the 
 field, he has done good work, has had the joy of a number 
 of confessions, and will do much to build up the church 
 in that field. 
 
 326
 
 Biographical 
 
 MRS. JACOB F. GRAYBILL, NEE ALICE HOFFER 
 Missionary to Sweden, 1911 
 
 John and Magdalena (Hostetler) Hoffer, members of 
 the Church of the Brethren, lived on a farm near Annville, 
 Lebanon County, Pennsylvania, when, on September 1, 
 1874, was born to them their daughter Alice, the youngest 
 child in a family of three sons and seven daughters. Alice 
 received a good country school education and grew to 
 womanhood under the quiet influences of her good home. 
 She was united in marriage to Jacob F. Graybill on No- 
 vember 2, 1895. Two years before this event she con- 
 fessed Christ in the Spring Creek congregation, and united 
 with the Church of the Brethren through baptism, admin- 
 istered by Jacob Longenecker on Ascension Day, May 
 25, 1894. She was soon assigned primary teaching in the 
 Sunday-school, — a task she considers a great privilege, 
 and always enjoys. When her husband was called to the 
 ministry, she heartily seconded his desires for better 
 preparation, and during this time herself took Bible stu- 
 dies, — all that her household duties would permit. She is 
 a good helper in her husband's pastoral and other work, in 
 Malmo, Sweden, where they now reside. 
 
 CHARLES H. HAWBAKER 
 
 Member General Mission Board, 1888-1891 
 
 In Franklin County, Pennsylvania, near Upton, lived 
 Peter and Nancy (Maurer) Hawbaker. Both had been 
 reared in the Church of the Brethren faith. On Septem- 
 ber 21, 1848, Charles, fourth child of a family of seven 
 sons and three daughters, was bo.rn. The family lived 
 on the farm in ordinary circumstances in life, and Charles 
 grew to manhood well acquainted with hard work, and 
 having no more education than the common school of 
 that day afforded. In 1878 he moved to Franklin Grove, 
 
 327
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 Illinois, where he engaged in farming till near the close 
 of his life. 
 
 On December 12, 1878, he was married to. Mary Leh- 
 man Buck. When twenty-one years old, he confessed 
 Christ and united with the Church of the Brethren in 
 the Upton congregation, Franklin County, Pennsylvania. 
 He was active and pushing in all he did, a leader in the 
 Sunday-school, and a faithful servant on the District Mis- 
 sion Board of Northern Illinois and Wisconsin for twenty 
 years. During this time he never missed a meeting of 
 the Board, and served as Secretary for several years. 
 
 In 1890 he was elected deacon in the Rock River con- 
 gregation, in which capacity he labored most acceptably. 
 
 In 1888 he was made a member of the General Mission 
 Board, and was a willing worker in that capacity in what- 
 ever work was assigned him. 
 
 He had been apparently in good health, enjoying life's 
 duties. Suddenly on December 2, 1910, while in company 
 with John Heckman on a mission trip to Rochelle, Illi- 
 nois, he was called home, and his body rests in the Em- 
 mert cemetery, near Nachusa, Illinois. 
 
 B. FRANKLIN HECKMAN 
 
 Missionary to China, 1911 to 1913 
 
 David Heckman, from Indiana, and Elizabeth Miller, 
 of the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, met in Illinois, and 
 were married September 21, 1871. They settled on a farm 
 near Hammond, Piatt County, Illinois. Here, on Septem- 
 ber 22, 1882, Benjamin Franklin, the fourth child in a fam- 
 ily of five sons and one daughter, was born. The par- 
 ents soon saw that living so far from the body of mem- 
 bers wo.uld be against bringing up their children in the 
 Lord, and in 1891, the family moved upon a farm west of 
 Cerro Gordo, in the Oakley congregation, Franklin 
 worked on the farm in the summer, but was busy in the 
 school during the winter. In 1900 he entered Mt. Morris 
 
 328
 
 Biographical 
 
 College, and remained till 1905, during which time he 
 completed academic courses, and did several years' col- 
 lege work. He was principal of the Cerro Gordo high 
 school for two years following. 
 
 While at Mt. Morris College, he formed the acquaint- 
 ance of Minna Mote, and they were married on June 21, 
 1905, To them were born two daughters. 
 
 Franklin's parents were for generations members of the 
 Church of the Brethren, and thoughtfully trained their 
 children in the ways of the Lord. That they succeeded, 
 may be seen in the fact that all have confessed Christ. Four 
 of the sons are ministers, and the fifth is a deacon in 
 the church. While A. G. Crosswhite was holding a series 
 of meetings in the Oakley congregation, Franklin was 
 among those who confessed Christ, and through baptism, 
 administered by M. J. McClure in October, 1898, united 
 with the Church of the Brethren. The Cerro Gordo con- 
 gregation called him to the ministry on December 31, 
 1905. He at once became active and effectual in his work. 
 In 1907 he entered' Bethany Bible School, Chicago, con- 
 tinued for four years, completed the Bible course there, 
 and did enough other work to have full credit for the 
 degree of A. B. During these four years he spent one 
 summer as pastor in Springfield, Illinois. Other sum- 
 mers he was engaged in conducting Bible Institutes in 
 different parts of the Brotherhood. During the school 
 years he was interested in rescue work in Chicago, as 
 well as Sunday-school and mission work among the Chi- 
 nese. On September 15, 1911, the Chicago congregation 
 had Brother Heckman ordained to the bishopric through 
 the laying on of hands by I. Bennett Trout and J. H. 
 Moore. 
 
 In China Franklin was located at Ping Ting Chou, in 
 the Shansi Province. He had mastered well the lan- 
 guage and was becoming of great help in the mission. 
 In January, 1913, smallpox broke out in his family, little 
 Esther coming down first. Soon the father was taken down 
 and in a critical condition. On January 12, 1913, he 
 passed to his reward and when the news was flashed to 
 
 329
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 the homeland, a Brotherhood stopped and thought, and 
 dropped a tear. His life is the first one of the Church 
 of the Brethren planted in the heathen soil of China, but 
 the results of his labors are not done. 
 
 MRS. B. F. HECKMAN, NEE MINNA MOTE 
 Missionary to China, 1911 to 1913 
 
 To Harvey and Hettie (Niswonger) Mote, who lived 
 on their farm, ten miles north of Union City, Indiana, on 
 August 18, 1885, Minna, the sixth child in a family of 
 three sons and three daughters, was born. Her father 
 was of English descent, a veteran of the Civil War on 
 the Union side, and afterwards an earnest and faithful 
 soldier of the Lord' Jesus Christ in the ministry till his 
 death in 1909. Minna's childhood on the farm was joyful; 
 her public school days full of diligence. In 1902 she en- 
 tered Mt. Morris College, to better prepare herself fc-r 
 life's duties, and remained two years. Between 1907 and 
 '11 she took part work at Bethany Bible School, while 
 her husband was pursuing his studies. 
 
 On June 21, 1905, she was united in marriage to B. 
 Franklin Heckman and to them were born two daughters. 
 
 The religious impress of the home manifested itself 
 early in Minna's life, for when but thirteen, and while 
 Joseph Spitzer was holding a series of meetings in the 
 Pleasant Valley congregation of Ohio, Minna confessed 
 Christ and united with the Church of the Brethren, 
 Brother B. F. Sharp administering the rite of baptism on 
 February 15, 1898. 
 
 In China she nobly stood by her husband in all his 
 work, — a true helper in every task upon him. And when 
 he was so unexpectedly called to the better land, she bore 
 up under the sadness with Christian fortitude. She wrote 
 to the Board that her services were at their command, 
 and that her only concern was the proper training of her 
 children. She returned to the homeland in the summer 
 of 1913, where, for a time, she will have a rest. 
 
 330
 
 Biographical 
 
 HERMAN B. HEISEY 
 Missionary to India, 1912 
 
 Both John H. Heisey and his wife, Susan L. Biever, 
 were of German extraction. They lived on a farm in 
 Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, near Middletown, and 
 here, on December 10, 1890, Herman B., the oldest of 
 two sons, was born. When three years old, his mother 
 died; when five, his father also died. An uncle in Leb- 
 anon, W. J. Biever, kind and tender, took Herman to 
 raise, and gave him a good home. His public school life 
 was first in Lebanon and, after he had reached his teens, in 
 Johnstown, Pennsylvania. An apt student, he pushed his 
 way rapidly through school, at the latter place working 
 during his vacations in the Steel Works, first as car tracer 
 and then as weighmaster. He also took a course of study 
 in the International Correspondence School. He entered 
 Juniata College, Huntingdon, Pennsylvania, completing 
 the Sacred Literature and Divinity Courses, and then be- 
 gan to enter active work for his Master. 
 
 On May 28, 1912, he was united in marriage to Grace 
 Nedrow, whom he met at Juniata College. 
 
 The spiritual influences of his foster home were good. 
 His uncle was a Lutheran, and his grandmother, Sarah A. 
 Biever, of Palmyra, Pennsylvania, a member of the Church 
 of the Brethren. At fifteen, Herman was deeply im- 
 pressed that God would call him to service in the ministry, 
 and on some foreign field. He sought the Word, to de- 
 termine with what body to unite. When seventeen years 
 old, he confessed Chtist and united with the Johnstown 
 congregation of the Church of the Brethren, William 
 Howe administering baptism. While at Juniata, he was 
 called to the ministry when nineteen years old, and the 
 following year advanced to the second degree. During 
 the first vacation, after being in the ministry, he preached 
 at home nearly every Sunday. At the close of his college 
 work he accepted the pastorate at Saxton, Pennsylvania, 
 
 331
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 continuing there until it became necessary to prepare for 
 his work in India. 
 
 He was approved by the Conference of 1912 and sailed 
 for his chosen field in the fall. 
 
 MRS. HERMAN B. HEISEY, NEE GRACE NEDROW 
 Missionary to India, 1912 
 
 In a beautiful home near Jones Mills, nestled among the 
 mountains of Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, John 
 M. and Mary Ferguson Nedrow live. Here they reared 
 a family of four sons and six daughters, of fourteen chil- 
 dren born unto them. Grace, born August 4, 1887, was 
 the tenth child. At five she began school, and was regu- 
 lar and faithful. When a young woman, the desire of 
 her heart was realized, as she stepped within the walls of 
 Juniata College in 1911, and began study there. She com- 
 pleted the Normal English Course and took work in the 
 English Bible while attending this institution. 
 
 At Juniata College she met Herman B, Heisey and on 
 May 28, 1912, was united in marriage to him. 
 
 Those who know the home say that the religious atmos- 
 phere, begotten by the parents, makes a deep impression. 
 This is evident when it is recorded that three sons are 
 in the ministry at the present time. At fourteen, while 
 Brother I. B. Ferguson was conducting a series of meet- 
 ings in the Nedrow schoolhouse, Indian Creek congrega- 
 tion, Grace confessed Christ and through baptism ad- 
 ministered by this minister, united with the Church of the 
 Brethren. When twenty, she spent some months in Pitts- 
 burgh, and delighted in the church work she was permitted 
 to do there. Her heart is united in the ideals of her 
 husband, and she is glad to be in India with him in the 
 work. 
 
 332
 
 Biographical 
 
 JACOB A. HEPNER 
 Member of Book and Tract Work, 1885-1887 
 
 To John and Elizabeth (Diehl) Hepner, farmers, who 
 lived in Perry Township, Montgomery County, Ohio, was 
 born on May 24, 1828, their son Jacob A., the second child 
 in a family of three sons and three daughters. In that 
 early day common schools were only short terms in the 
 winter time, and the boys did not get to go till all the fall 
 work was completed. While his education was limited, 
 he was fond of reading, and acquired a large general 
 knowledge of things. He engaged in farming all his life- 
 time and was successful. 
 
 On September 19, 1852, he was united in marriage to 
 Eva, daughter of Michael and Barbara Flory Nefif, and to 
 them were born five sons and seven daughters, of whom 
 four sons and four daughters are still living. 
 
 His parents were pious people, members of the Church 
 of the Brethren. In about the year 1853 he and his wife 
 united with the Church of the Brethren in the Wolfe 
 Creek congregation of Southern Ohio, and lived faithful 
 members. Brother Hepner was never called to any official 
 position in the church, but was a very useful lay-member. 
 He was ever ready for service wherever he could be used. 
 His large fund of general information, his good, practical 
 common sense, was needed on the Book and Tract Work, 
 as a member of which he served for one term. He died 
 June 12, 1898, and was laid to rest in the Eversole ceme- 
 tery, one mile north of New Lebanon, Ohio, 
 
 GEORGE W. HILTON 
 
 Missionary to China, 1908 
 
 George W. Hilton, the second child in a family of three 
 sons and one daughter, left fatherless when he was eight 
 years old, was born in Benton County, Iowa, on Septem- 
 
 333
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 ber 21, 1880. The family was poor. When the mother 
 was made a widow she did not have $100 to face the world 
 and rear her little o.nes. She heroically took in washing, 
 worked hard and kept them together and in school part 
 of the time until one winter, when, because of sickness, 
 George and two others were taken to the Christian Home 
 in Council Bluffs, Iowa. The children did not like the 
 treatment, ran away, were caught by a policeman and re- 
 turned, but soon after were released to go home to 
 mother. After this, George hired out to a farmer for 
 board, clothes and schooling, and continued in his employ 
 for four years. He made splendid progress in school dur- 
 ing this time. But because of the mother moving fre- 
 quently, George was not permitted to take high school 
 work. Instead, he worked a while on the farm, then 
 cooked in a lunch room, did carpenter work, was a la- 
 borer in a nursery, then worked in the coal-sheds and 
 roundhouse of a railroad, became a fireman on the rail- 
 road, and later on, learned the baker's trade, — any work 
 to make a living. In 1901 he took up a homestead in 
 North Dakota and the following winter worked in a bak- 
 ery in Carrington, North Dakota. Here he first came in 
 contact with the Church of the Brethren. 
 
 At Carrington he also met Blanche Cover and on June 
 30, 1902, they were united in marriage. To them has 
 been born one son. 
 
 George's parents had not confessed Christ yet when he 
 was born. But when he was eleven, his widowed mother, 
 a brother and himself united with the Presbyterian church. 
 The mother set a good example to. her children from that 
 time on. While at Carrington George became interested 
 in the Brethren, and in April, 1902, united with the church, 
 David Niccum administering baptism. This changed his 
 plans in life. The homestead was sold and he and his 
 wife went to McPherson College, McPherson, Kansas, 
 to get a Bible education. One year there and he offered 
 himself as a missionary to China, and was accepted on 
 condition of further preparation. He attended Bethany 
 Bible School the next year. He spent his vacations and 
 
 334
 
 Biographical 
 
 other time in giving mission talks and holding revival 
 meetings. 
 
 In 1908 he went to China with the first missionary 
 party and was quite successful both in language study 
 and work among the people; but in 1910 he was com- 
 pelled to come home for an operation. As soon as he 
 was able, he was out among the churches in active work. 
 While on this furlough, the Surrey congregation, of 
 North Dakota, consented to his ordination, which was 
 attended to on August 4, 1911, by the laying on of hands 
 by brethren D. W. Shock and D. F. Landis. He returned 
 with the mission party in 1911, and is located at Liao 
 Chou, in Shansi Province. At the close of the war in 
 China he made a tour southward and gathered a number 
 of orphan children, thus beginning the work of the or- 
 phanage in China for the Brethren. 
 
 MRS. GEORGE W. HILTON, NEE BLANCHE COVER 
 Missionary to China, 1908 
 
 To J. H. and Anna C. (Baker) Cover, who were residing 
 near Paola, Kansas, was born their daughter Blanche 
 on August 20, 1881. She is the second child in a family of 
 one son and three daughters. Her parents were active 
 members of the Church of the Brethren. When Blanche 
 was six years old, the family moved to Warrensburg, 
 Missouri. Here she availed herself of the public school. 
 At sixteen the family moved to New Rockford, North Da- 
 kota, and in a short time after located at Carrington, 
 North Dakota, where they could have the fellowship of 
 the Brethren. At seventeen, Blanche took the position 
 of a servant girl in a hotel, in order to make her own liv- 
 ing. She did not like the environment, however, and ac- 
 cepted a place in a bakery soon after. 
 
 It was while living in Carrington that she met George 
 W. Hilton and on June 30, 1902, they were united in mar- 
 riage. To them has been born one son. 
 
 335
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 When twelve years old, Blanche responded to the call 
 of the Spirit, confessed Christ and united with the Church 
 of the Brethren. She was baptized in the lake, at Pertle 
 Springs, Missouri, by D. M. Mohler. 
 
 She grew in grace, and developed a noble Christian 
 character as she matured into womanhood. After her 
 marriage she united her heart and all with the church and 
 the missionary purposes of her husband. While they were 
 at school in Chicago, she was a teacher in three different 
 Chinese Sunday-schools, and became much attached to 
 the Chinese type of life. It is a joy to her to be of serv- 
 ice in China, and she has had good health while in the 
 service there. 
 
 IDA HIMMELSBAUGH 
 Missionary to India, 1908 
 
 The subject of this sketch was born on May 10, 1874, 
 near Mattawana, Mifflin County, Pennsylvania. The par- 
 ents were in rather limited circumstances, did not have 
 rugged health and with the large family it meant every 
 possible effort for each one of them, in order to make a 
 comfortable living. Ida took advantage of all the public 
 school training she could get. After she reached young 
 womanhood she entered Juniata College, Huntingdon, 
 Pennsylvania, Later she entered a nurses' training hos- 
 pital in Dayton, Ohio, where she remained two years. 
 Thus prepared she entered the mission field of India as 
 the first nurse in the force of missionaries from the 
 Church of the Brethren, 
 
 Ida's parents were earnest Christians of the Methodist 
 Episcopal church. At fifteen Ida confessed Christ and 
 united with the same denomination; but she did not find 
 the peace her heart longed for. Soon after, she spent an 
 hour reading the Bible to an old, blind colored woman, 
 and through this, light and peace came to heT. She was 
 
 336
 
 Plate 11 
 
 Opposite 336 
 
 Chas. H. Brubaker Mrs. I. S. Long I. S. Long 
 
 Mr. & Mrs. J. M. Pittenger Mr. & Mrs. S. P. Berkebile 
 Mrs. Ella B. Brubaker A. W. Ross Mrs. A. W. Ross
 
 Biographical 
 
 liring in AItcK)na, Pennsylvania, in 1896, when, under the 
 pastoral leading of J. W. Wilt, she united with the Church 
 of the Brethren, Brother Wilt administering baptism. 
 This gave her new aspirations. She entered the home of 
 J. B. Brumbaugh, of Huntingdon, Pennsylvania, and there 
 received much encouragement in the divine life. The spir- 
 itual atmosphere of Juniata College she much enjoyed. 
 While there, she worked at whatever her hands found 
 to do, to help her through schooL 
 
 In India she has been a busy worker. Her services 
 are much in demand, and it is her delight to heal the body, 
 and point the soul to the loving Lord. She is now located 
 at Ankleshwer. 
 
 QXnNCY A. HOLSOPPLE 
 
 Missionary to India, 1911 
 
 Joseph Holsopple. of German descent, was bom and 
 raised on his father's farm near Windber, Somerset Coun- 
 ty, Pennsylvania, and made farming his life occupation. 
 Catherine, daughter of Christian Lehman, first bishop of 
 Shade Creek congregation, also of German descent, who 
 became his wife on March 4, 1860, was bom and raised 
 on a farm near Johnstown, Pennsylvania. Both united 
 with the Church of the Brethren in June, 1860, and on 
 June 9, 1892, Joseph was ordained to the bishopric by the 
 laying on of hands by George Hanawalt and David Hilde- 
 brand. To them were given eleven sons and two daugh- 
 ters, Quincy Adams, the youngest, being bom on Novem- 
 ber 7, 1885. He had the privileges of a good country- 
 school and made good use of them. When old enough he 
 entered the Preparatory Department of Juniata College, 
 Huntingdon, Pennsylvania, and pursued the course of 
 study until he completed with the degree of A, B. in the 
 class of 1910. During this time he taught one year in the 
 home school and spent two years on the linotype ma- 
 chines, first in the l.rethren Publishing House. Elgin, Illi- 
 
 337
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 nois, and then in the Methodist Book Concern, of Chicago. 
 In the fall of 1910 he was science teacher in the faculty 
 of the Huntingdon, Pennsylvania, high school; but re- 
 signed in favor of preparing for mission w^ork at the in- 
 vitation of the General Mission Board. 
 
 On July 12, 1911, he was united in marriage to Kathren 
 Royer. 
 
 Joseph Holsopple and his faithful companion have 
 served the church long and well in the ministry, and it is 
 no surprise, then, to. record that five of their sons are min- 
 isters while some are serving in other official capacities 
 in the church. Quincy, early in life, responded to the call 
 of the Master. When fourteen years old, he confessed 
 Christ and united with the Church of the Brethren dur- 
 ing a series of meetings, conducted by Chas. O. Beery in 
 the Manor congregation, baptism being administered by 
 Brother Beery. In 1906 the Elgin congregation of North- 
 ern Illinois, called him to the ministry, and in 1908 ad- 
 vanced him to the second degree. 
 
 He was approved by the Conference of 1911 and sailed 
 that fall for India. He is located at Ankleshwer and has 
 proven himself a capable man, as far as he has been pre- 
 pared for the work there, 
 
 MRS. QUINCY A. HOLSOPPLE, NEE KATHREN 
 
 ROYER 
 
 Missionary to India, 1911 
 
 To Galen B. and Anna Miller Royer were born two 
 sons and four daughters. Kathren, the third child, glad- 
 dened their home in Mt. Morris, Illinois, on November 2, 
 1892. She came with the family to Elgin, Illinois, on 
 April 1, 1899, and entered the public schools of that city. 
 She graduated in the four years' high school course in 
 the class of 1910. 
 
 On July 12, 1911, she was united in marriage to Quincy 
 A. Holsopple. 
 
 338
 
 Biographical 
 
 From childhood, as soon as old enough, Kathren was a 
 regular attendant at Sunday-school; on May 11, 1902, be- 
 fore she was ten years old, she confessed Christ and united 
 with the Church of the Brethren in the Elgin congrega- 
 tion, her father administering baptism to herself and Perry 
 and Mary Culley, children of Mrs. Barbara Mohler Cul- 
 ley. When she volunteered, she was teacher in the Sun- 
 day-school. In 1909 she graduated with the class that 
 completed the teacher-training course. After her ap- 
 pointment to India, at the St. Joseph, Missouri, Annual 
 Meeting of 1911, she began, and has almost completed 
 through correspondence, the " Nurses' Training Course 
 of the Chautauqua School of Nursing." During her sec- 
 ond year in India she Is located with her husband at 
 Ankleshwer, doing for her Master and the work the 
 best she can. 
 
 SAMUEL W. HOOVER 
 
 Member of Book and Tract Work, 1885-1894 
 
 Member of General Mission Board, 1893-1895 
 
 To Jacob and Elizabeth tCripe) Hoover, of Pennsyl- 
 vania-Dutch descent, was born one son, Samuel W. The 
 family lived near Liberty, west of Dayton, Ohio, at the 
 time, were members of the Church of the Brethren, and 
 in limited circumstances. Samuel had few educational 
 advantages, plenty of hard work on the farm, and came 
 to manhood without much promise of a large usefulness. 
 On March 1, 1869, he went into business for himself in 
 a small nursery. He prospered, and ten years later 
 formed a partnership under the name " Hoover and 
 Gaines," enlarged the nursery and located nearer Dayton. 
 The business continued to grow and a stock company was 
 formed in 1882, with Samuel W. Hoover as its president. 
 In this position he continued to the close of life. 
 
 On January 26, 1860, Bro. Hoover was united in mar- 
 riage to Catherine Bashor, likewise of Pennsylvania- 
 Dutch descent. To them were given three sons. 
 
 339
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 Before leaving his home, at the age of twenty-one, Sam- 
 uel confessed Christ as his Savior. He threw his whole 
 heart into service for his Master. On August 16, 1882, 
 the Lower Stillwater congregation called him to the min- 
 istry. In private and in public he favored Sunday-schools 
 when there were none in the District, and also urged re- 
 vivals and missionary work. Largely through his lead- 
 ership a churchhouse was built in West Dayton, Ohio, and 
 dedicated on September 15, 1889. He was the logical 
 pastor, gave the flock his best attention, and delighted 
 to see it increase as it did. In 1884 he was a member of 
 the Committee of Arrangements for the Conference held 
 near his home. 
 
 Perhaps his greatest service was in the Book and Tract 
 Work. He was a member of the Committee during its 
 existence, and its hustling President. The life and en- 
 ergy which the Work manifested, was largely due to his 
 push. In the consolidation he was a member of the new 
 Board, served a short term, and was elected for a full 
 term. During the first year of the full term, after attend- 
 ing a meeting of the Board in Virginia, he was preach- 
 ing on Sunday evening, March 10, 1895, in the home pul- 
 pit, when his spirit was called to the better world. Be- 
 fore his congregation realized what had happened, he 
 was not. His body was laid to rest in the Ft. McKinley 
 cemetery, Dayton, Ohio. 
 
 EMMA HORNING 
 
 Missionary to China, 1908 
 
 Samuel H. Horning and his wife, Hannah Horning, 
 granddaughter of David Rittenhouse, of considerable note, 
 were reared in godly homes and soon after their mar- 
 riage united with the Church of the Brethren. On Sep- 
 tember 9, 1876, Emma was born. She is the oldest living 
 child, and has one sister and three brothers living. She 
 grew up in the home, was constantly in school after she 
 reached the school age, began teaching common school 
 
 340
 
 Biographical 
 
 at seventeen, and continued eight years. In 1897 she en- 
 tered Mt. Morris College, Mt. Morris, Illinois, and con- 
 tinued two years there. Then she spent four years in 
 McPherson College, graduating in the class of 1906. Dur- 
 ing this time she also completed a Bible course. 
 
 She recalls how her mother, through her childhood, told 
 her Bible stories at twilight, and how unconsciously this 
 moulded her young life for missionary service. In the 
 Willow Creek congregation, South Dakota, she confessed 
 Christ and was baptized in August, 1891, by Morgan 
 Mansfield. At fourteen she was a teacher of a Sunday- 
 school class and has ever since been a willing worker 
 in any department of church activities where she could 
 be used. 
 
 At the Springfield, Illinois, Conference of 1906 she was 
 approved as a missionary to China, but was not permitted 
 to go till in 1908. 
 
 On the field, after acquiring the language, her work has 
 been among the women and children in Ping Ting Chou 
 and the villages round about. She visited homes, taught 
 in school, and conducted Bible classes, also assisting in 
 opium refuge work. Her health failing in the early spring 
 of 1912, she returned home on sick furlough, passed 
 through a surgical operation and now hopes to return 
 to her chosen field of labor with the mission party sail- 
 ing in the fall of 1913. 
 
 ANNA M. HUTCHISON 
 
 Missionary to China, 1911 
 
 On a homestead among the Alleghany Mountains, near 
 Oak Hill, Fayette County, West Virginia, lived James 
 and Susanna Sanger Hutchison. James' parents were of 
 English and Irish descent. His father, and also four of 
 his brothers, were earnest ministers of the Church of the 
 Brethren. Andrew Hutchison, so well known as a leading 
 evangelist in his day, is one of the brothers. Susanna's 
 
 341
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 parents, Henry and Susan Miller Sanger, were of German 
 descent and faithful members of the Church of the 
 Brethren also. To this godly couple were given three 
 sons and seven daughters, Anna M., born on September 
 10, 1876, being the fourth child. Her early education was 
 received in the Salem schoolhouse, located on her father's 
 farm. When fifteen, the family moved to the Eastern 
 Shore of Maryland, and located near Eston, in Talbot 
 County, where they now reside. In the beginning of 1903 
 she entered Blue Ridge College at Union Bridge, Mary- 
 land, and in three years completed the Bible Course. 
 The institution paid her the compliment of employing her 
 as a teacher in the Bible Department, which position she 
 filled acceptably for four years, quitting it only to prepare 
 herself further for usefulness. The next two years she 
 spent in Bethany Bible School, Chicago, Illinois, where 
 she continued her Bible study with thoroughness and great 
 enjoyment. 
 
 When twelve years old, she went about her Master's 
 business with a whole heart. In the Chestnut Grove con- 
 gregation. West Virginia, she confessed Christ and united 
 with the Church of the Brethren, baptism being admin- 
 istered by her father. Her life has blessed others, as she 
 firmly, and yet gently, stood for Christ, studied for Christ 
 and taught for Christ. With her it was a privilege to be 
 permitted to go to China, the desire being crystallized in 
 her heart while at Bethany, and she is happy in witnessing 
 and serving at Liao Chou, in the Shansi Province of 
 China. 
 
 JOHN I. KAYLOR 
 
 Missionary to India, 1911 
 
 Joseph and Nancy Kaylor, prosperous farmers living 
 near DeGrafiF, Logan County, Ohio, were members of 
 the Church of the Brethren, and to them was born but one 
 child, John I., on April 14, 1884. He, however, has a half 
 
 342
 
 Biographical 
 
 sister, Mrs. P. B. Fitzwater, of Chicago. John pushed 
 through the grades of the country school and then the 
 DeGraf? high school, graduating with the class of 1904. 
 After one year on the farm, with his father, during which 
 time he took, by correspondence, a course in mechanical 
 drawing, he entered Manchester College, North Man- 
 chester, Indiana, and continued until, in four years, he 
 completed the Bible and Commercial Courses. During 
 the last year at Manchester he was instructor in me- 
 chanical drawing. He then returned to his home and gave 
 attention to farming for two years. 
 
 On August 2, 1911, he was united in marriage to Rose 
 Wagoner, whom he met at Manchester College. 
 
 In December, 1897, when thirteen years old, during 
 a series of meetings, conducted by Daniel Wysong in the 
 Logan congregation, John confessed Christ and united 
 with the Church of the Brethren. In a few years he was 
 made Sunday-school teacher, and later on superintendent. 
 He was also a willing helper in the Christian Workers' So- 
 ciety of the congregation. While at Manchester he was 
 ever ready, in all Christian activities, to take his part. 
 His delight was in the Bible Society programs. For sev- 
 eral years he was a member of the District Mission Board 
 of Northwestern Ohio, and lectured at Bible Institutes. 
 He was approved by the Conference of 1911, and the 
 same fall sailed for India. He is located at Ahwa, in the 
 Dangs Forests, after having served his first year at Vada, 
 in the Thana District. He is a missionary in the Marathi 
 language district, and has done well for the short time 
 he has been in the field. 
 
 343
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 MRS. JOHN I. KAYLOR, NEE ROSA BELLE 
 WAGONER 
 
 Missionary to India, 1911 
 
 For several generations the ancestors of Andrew and 
 Susan Hufiford Wagoner, farmers living near Pyrmont, 
 Carroll County, Indiana, have been members of the 
 Church of the Brethren. Into their quiet and Christian 
 home, on February 5, 1885, came Rosa Belle, the third 
 child of a family of tviro sons and two daughters. With 
 others of the family she had the opportunities of the pub- 
 lic school and made good use of them. She was permitted 
 to spend one year in the Pyrmont high school, and then 
 did faithfully the duties falling to her in her home. In 
 1908 she spent some time as caretaker of the girls in the 
 Brethren's Orphanage at Mexico, Indiana. This work 
 she enjoyed. In 1909 she entered Manchester College, 
 North Manchester, Indiana, and pursued a Bible course 
 for two years, graduating with the class of 1911. While 
 in school, she came in touch with the strong missionary 
 sentiment prevailing there, and consecrated her life to 
 such a service. 
 
 On August 2, 1911, she was united in marriage to John 
 I. Kaylor. 
 
 The fear of the Lord was early instilled into her heart 
 and at thirteen she gladly responded, while attending a 
 series of meetings conducted by L. T. Holsinger in the 
 Pyrmont congregation of Indiana. On March 27, 1898, 
 she was received into the church by baptism administered 
 by Bro. Holsinger. As she grew older, having always 
 been a regular attendant in Sunday-school, she was given 
 a class to teach, — a service which she did well, and greatly 
 enjoyed. She is now at Ahwa, in the Dangs Forest of 
 India, a good help to her husband in the work he is 
 doing for the church and the Lord. 
 
 344
 
 Biographical 
 
 CLARENCE W. LAHMAN 
 Member of General Mission Board, 1893-1894 
 
 Both John D. and Mary Haughtelin Lahman, in their 
 respective parental homes were reared by God-fearing 
 people. To them were born two children, Clarence on 
 March 1, 1862, and later a daughter, Vina A., who passed 
 away in the blossoming of womanhood. The parents 
 prospered in business affairs above the average and their 
 children had every advantage of a good farm home near 
 Franklin Grove, Lee County, Illinois, where the family 
 has always lived. First the public school, and later the 
 Academy and Freshman year at Mt. Morris College, Mt. 
 Morris, Illinois, is the sum total of educational training 
 of which Clarence availed himself. He early interested 
 himself in his parents' business interests, and as age 
 crept upon them, took more specific supervision. 
 
 On December 12, 1889, Clarence was united in marriage 
 to Sister Martha Beery, and to this union three sons and 
 three daughters were born. 
 
 While attending Bible school at Mt. Morris College, 
 Clarence confessed Christ and was baptized on January 
 29, 1893, in his home congregation by Levi Trostle. He 
 was always interested in and a regular attendant at Sun- 
 day-school, superintending the home school five years, 
 and ready to do his part as teacher or officer, as duty 
 came to him. In 1900 he was called to the deacon's office 
 but was not permitted to serve long, for in 1901 he was 
 elected to the ministry. In 1904 he was advanced to the 
 second degree and in 1908 ordained to the bishopric. 
 For the last thirteen years he has been a trustee of Mt. 
 Morris College, and the last eight years Secretary and 
 Treasurer of the Board of Trustees. He is now a member 
 of the Building Committee rebuilding "Old Sandstone." 
 
 In 1893 he was appointed to serve on the General 
 Mission Board. His term of service was short, not giv- 
 ing him opportunity to enter into the spirit of the work 
 
 345
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 fully; but his interest in the welfare of the church dur- 
 ing this time, as well as since in other lines, is commend- 
 able. 
 
 JOSEPH LEEDY 
 
 Member of General Mission Board, 1880 to 1884 
 
 Samuel and Barbara (Garber) Leedy were industrious 
 farmers, living on what is now known as the Samuel 
 Driver farm, about eight miles east of Staunton, Augusta 
 County, Virginia. Here on February 1, 1815, was born 
 their son Joseph, the seventh child in a family of seven 
 sons and six daughters. Small were the educational ad- 
 vantages in that early day. Hard work at making a liv- 
 ing, with the limited facilities at command, was all a 
 young man knew, in those days. When Joseph was about 
 seventeen, he came west with his parents and located on 
 a farm near Eaton, Preble County, Ohio. While living 
 at this place, he was united in marriage on April 21, to 
 Lydia Witter, a woman whose faithfulness and helpful- 
 ness could not be excelled. She was permitted to be his 
 helpmeet until February 18, 1897, when she preceded her 
 husband to the glory world but a few years. God gave 
 them five sons and thtee daughters, of whom three sons 
 and two daughters are still living. While Joseph was 
 blessed for his industry in Ohio, he felt the call to the 
 wildwood of Indiana and on September 7, 1853, moved 
 to Huntington County, settling on some land in the wil- 
 derness, which afterwards was one mile south of An- 
 tioch. He built a log cabin, later on a large barn, and 
 cleared away the forest. The fertile soil gave forth in 
 abundance in return for his labors. With his brother 
 Abram, who had joined the band later, they laid out the 
 town of Antioch, erected a good schoolhouse and used 
 the same for a place of worship for a number of years. 
 He prospered; people called him wealthy in those days, 
 and yet they loved him because of his generosity and 
 
 346
 
 Biographical 
 
 spirit of public enterprise. In 1888 he desired to retire 
 from the farm, and moved to Huntington, Indiana. In 
 1896 he made his home with his son John, in Andrews, 
 until the close of life. 
 
 Joseph's parents were godly people, active members of 
 the Church of the Brethren. It is not known when Jo- 
 seph and his wife confessed Christ, but presumably, ac- 
 cording to custom in that day, some time after their 
 marriage. About 1850 the congregation in Preble County, 
 Ohio, called him to the ministry. Soon after, he moved to 
 Indiana, and one of the first things, after his cabin was 
 erected in the wilderness was, to call his neighbors to- 
 gether and dedicate the home to the worship of God. 
 Here the people met to praise God and he preached to 
 them regularly until, having built a large barn, the serv- 
 ices were moved there. The community thought they 
 were highly favored of the Lord to be thus permitted to 
 gather in the name of the Lord. Later, when the school- 
 house was built in Antioch, this became the place of meet- 
 ing. Soon after this his brother John, a bishop in the 
 Church of the Brethren, came into the community. The 
 brothers labored faithfully for the church; it rapidly grew 
 in numbers, and in 1860 the congregation rejoiced at the 
 dedication of the first churchhouse in those parts, — a large 
 building, well adapted to the requirements of that day. 
 This house, recently repaired, still stands as a monument 
 of their labors. The congregation now grew rapidly and 
 soon, under the fostering care of Brother Joseph, was nu- 
 merically, as well as spiritually, one of the strongest in 
 the West. 
 
 Joseph was much interested in general church work, 
 attended Annual Meetings, and took an active part. He 
 was made a member of the General Mission Board of 1880. 
 He was an aggressive worker, met much opposition, but 
 pressed forward carefully but persistently. In all his 
 church work he never took a cent for his labors or ex- 
 penses, being well able to provide these himself. In 
 those days, when the Brotherhood did not favor series 
 of meetings, he would go forth, win souls for Christ, bear 
 
 347
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 the reproach for Christ's sake, and thus many have lived 
 and died in the faith because of what he dared to do. It 
 was on one of these preaching tours, holding a short se- 
 ries of meetings in the high school room of Burnetts 
 Creek, White County, Indiana, in February, 1874, that, 
 under Brother Leedy's preaching, the author confessed 
 Christ. 
 
 Brother Leedy was a man of rare qualities of virtue. 
 It is said that once he bought a team of horses from a 
 neighbor, paying the man his price. After taking them 
 home and hitching them up the next morning, he con- 
 cluded he did not pay enough and went to his neighbor 
 and gave him $25 more. The act made a deep impres- 
 sion. During the late Civil War he paid the fines for 
 poor brethren, telling them that, if they ever got able, 
 they might pay back a portion of it. He never asked any 
 of them for what he had advanced, and few, if any, ever 
 felt able to return the money thus advanced. 
 
 He lived to the ripe old age of eighty-eight, never los- 
 ing interest in the work of the church. He was an able 
 and ready defender of the faith, and closed his eyes in a 
 peaceful death on January 13, 1903. His body was laid 
 to rest in the cemetery near Antioch, while his godly life 
 is still fresh in the memory of those who knew him. 
 
 DANIEL J. LICHTY 
 
 Missionary to India, 1902 
 
 Back in the fifties of the last century D. J. Lichty's 
 grandparents emigrated from Somerset County, Penn- 
 sylvania, to Blackhawk County, Iowa, and settled on a 
 farm south of Waterloo. There, too, about the same 
 time, came the family of Brother Lichty's mother. His 
 mother's name was Sarah Hoover. Both families have 
 been members of the Church of the Brethren, and farmers 
 for generations. Daniel was the fifth child in a family of 
 three sons and three daughters. 
 
 348
 
 Biographical 
 
 Daniel began life on February 1, 1878. When four 
 years old, his father died, leaving his mother to care for 
 the family on the farm. He attended country school, but 
 when old enough helped on the farm and took advantage 
 of the winter school only. 
 
 When only thirteen years of age, he confessed Christ 
 during a series of meetings held in the South Waterloo 
 church by J. G. Royer, at that time President of Mt. 
 Morris College. From the beginning he took an active 
 part in Sunday-school and Christian Workers' meetings. 
 By means of the Missionary Reading Circle his interest 
 in missions was first aroused. 
 
 In the fall of 1897 he entered Mt. Morris College, Mt. 
 Morris, Illinois, and in four years finished the Academic 
 Course. His work showed steady excellence that betok- 
 ened hard work. He was active in church work, deeply 
 interested in the work of the missionary society and in 
 the spring of 1901 the Mt. Morris congregation called 
 him to the ministry. 
 
 Daniel heeded the call to the foreign field and was sent 
 out in 1902. After acquiring the language, he was located 
 at Umalla and by patient effort developed a very prac- 
 tical working mission station. Along with preaching the 
 Gospel, he is directing industrial farming and teaching 
 the native how to be self-supporting. 
 
 On October 20, 1904, Daniel and Sister Nora Arnold 
 were united in marriage at Bulsar, India. They had their 
 first furlough during 1909 and 1910 and are now busily 
 pushing the mission at Umalla. 
 
 MRS. DANIEL J. LICHTY, NEE NORA ARNOLD 
 
 Missionary to India, 1903 
 
 Bringing with her many of the sturdy German charac- 
 teristics, Nora Arnold began life with a goodly heritage. 
 Her father, John Arnold, is a bishop residing at Lintner, 
 Illinois. Her mother, Mary Hendricks, was a daughter of 
 
 349
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 Joseph Hendricks, an active and leading bishop of South- 
 ern Illinois. 
 
 Nora gladdened the home of her parents on January 17, 
 18S0. She spent her childhood on her father's farm and 
 because he had no sons, developed a strong physique by 
 working in the field by her father's side. At the age of 
 ten, her mother died, and the blessed influence of her life 
 was greatly missed ever afterwards. After finishing the 
 common schools, she spent one and a half years in Man- 
 chester College, North Manchester, Indiana. For some 
 reason she changed to Mt. Morris College, Mt. Morris, 
 Illinois, where she finished the Academic course in 1901. 
 She was active in literary and Bible societies, and a lead- 
 er in the Missionary Reading Circle. It was during these 
 college days that her earlier ambitions to be a missionary 
 were crystallized. 
 
 At the age of twelve, while attending a series of meet- 
 ings in Cerro Gordo, Illinois, conducted by L. T. Hol- 
 singer, Nora united with the Church of the Brethren, Geo. 
 W. Cripe administering the rite of baptism. Her delight 
 was in the Lord, and it was her joy to be found in his 
 sanctuary. Faithful in attendance at Sunday-school until 
 old enough to teach, a teacher who won the hearts of her 
 scholars, and an humble but earnest witness for Christ 
 wherever she went, — there were manifest in her life those 
 characteristics that made it no surprise that she should 
 offer herself to the mission field, and that the Board 
 should choose her to go. Her taste of working among 
 the lowly, if but for a few weeks in Chicago, while Sister 
 Cora Cripe was taking a vacation, only increased her de- 
 sire for such service. 
 
 On the field she was married to Daniel J. Lichty on 
 October 20, 1904. In the early part of 1904 she had a 
 prolonged attack of sickness. The doctors in Bombay 
 told her to arrange to hurry home or she would die before 
 she reached her friends. Her heroic reply was, "I came 
 to India to work for Jesus, and to die here if it is the 
 Lord's will." She recovered and is a faithful helpmeet to 
 her husband at Umalla. 
 
 350
 
 Biographical 
 
 ISAAC S. LONG 
 Missionary to India, 1903 
 
 To William H. and his wife Eliza (Carpenter) Long-, 
 well-to-do farmers living in the Mill Creek congregation, 
 Rockingham County, Virginia, on May 13, 1875, was born 
 a son whom they called Isaac. He was the fourth child 
 in a family of eight children. He inherited the rich blood 
 of a vigorous German parentage, an industrious and per- 
 severing people. From a child, Isaac had a fondness for 
 books, and while willing to do his share of the work, was 
 ever ready to labor by proxy, and spend his time in read- 
 ing. He enjoyed his country school-days, and planned 
 large things for himself in life. 
 
 But the Lord had a work for Isaac to do, and when 
 the call came at fifteen, through the earnest preaching of 
 S. F. Sanger, in a series of meetings in the home congre- 
 gation, Isaac gave his heart to God on January 28, 1891, 
 and faced about. He turned his whole being into service 
 in the cause which had brought so much joy to his heart. 
 Thus it was that the Mill Creek congregation, noting his 
 devotion, called him to the ministry on Thanksgiving Day, 
 1895, when he was but twenty years old. This made an- 
 other great change in his life purposes. He now entered 
 Bridgewater College, took a deep interest in all its re- 
 ligious privileges, while still being faithful to his studies, 
 and completed the course. Then he entered the Univer- 
 sity of Virginia, paying his way through school by sell- 
 ing Bibles, even when his father offered to pay his school- 
 ing. He united with other brethren in starting a school 
 at Union Bridge, — the institution now located at New 
 Windsor, Maryland, Here he taught for two years. 
 When S. N. McCann was sent to India, in 1897, Isaac 
 was at that age when deep impressions were made. " All 
 Virginia loved Brother McCann," and as he left loved 
 ones, deep impressions were made in the young min- 
 ister's mind. W. B. Stover held meetings at Bridge- 
 water, while Bro. Long was in college, and this brought 
 
 351
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 another deeper impression, so that, when the call came 
 to go to India, Isaac was ready. 
 
 Just a couple weeks before sailing to India, he was 
 united in marriage to Sister Effie Showalter, who has 
 been a splendid helpmeet to him. To them have been born 
 three children, the last one while home on furlough. 
 
 In his ministry Isaac has been successful. He held a 
 number of revival meetings, at which the ingathering was 
 large. Just before sailing he held a meeting in the home 
 congregation, where a large number united with the 
 church. 
 
 On the field, Isaac carried his share of the load with 
 becoming manliness. He has been a good counselor, has 
 served a number of years on the Field Committee, and was 
 Treasurer of the mission for a number of years. His 
 first station was Jalalpor; later he located at Pimpalner. 
 
 On his furlough, in 1912-1913, he did some splendid cam- 
 paigning for missions in different parts of Old and New 
 Virginia. Before returning to India, he held another re- 
 vival meeting in the home congregation with a large in- 
 gathering as the result. 
 
 MRS. ISAAC S. LONG, NEE EFFIE SHOWALTER 
 
 Missionary to India/ 1903 
 
 Effie Showalter, born September 25, 1875, was the fifth 
 child in a family of eight girls and three boys. Her fa- 
 ther, Peter Showalter, and her mother, Magdalene (Heat- 
 wole) Showalter, were of Swiss and German descent, 
 respectively. They lived on the farm, the old homestead, 
 a spot dear to all their children. Effie delighted in at- 
 tending school, pursued her studies through the years 
 and, after one term at a Normal, was teaching an un- 
 graded school. A first grade certificate must be had, and 
 onward she pressed. In 1896 she entered college at 
 Bridgewater, and in two years finished the English Course. 
 Teaching three years near home, she answered a call to 
 
 352
 
 Plate 12 
 
 Opposite 352 
 
 Emma Horning Geo. W. Hilton Mrs. Geo. W. Hilton 
 
 Mr. (S: Mrs. F. H. Crum packer Mr. & Mrs. E. H. Eby 
 
 Josepliine Powell Ida Himmelsbaugh Kathryn Ziegler
 
 Biographical 
 
 teach in a Reformatory School near Baltimore. During 
 the Holidays she returned home, and heard W. B. Stover 
 speak on missions. 
 
 On December 13, 1892, she and her sister confessed 
 Christ and united with the church in baptism. Missions 
 now had a new meaning to her. One impression after 
 another was deepened until she found herself ready to 
 go. 
 
 On October 6, 1903, she was united in marriage to Isaac 
 S. Long, and unitedly they joined their forces on the 
 foreign field. 
 
 On the field Sister Effie has proved a great help in the 
 work. Her services in the home as well as away from 
 home have been appreciated. While her husband was 
 opening the station in Pimpalner, she remained and cared 
 for the home at Jalalpor. God has blessed her and her 
 husband with three darling children, who accompanied 
 them back to India at the close of their furlough in May, 
 1913. 
 
 SAMUEL N. McCANN 
 Missionary to India, 1897 to 1907 
 
 The surroundings of the home into which Samuel came 
 at his birth, on December 15, 1858, were common for 
 that community, but not common to those whose lives 
 are recorded in this volume. His father, S. B. McCann, 
 made no profession of Christianity; his mother, Roxanna 
 Gould, was a devoted member of the Church of the 
 Brethren. His home was in the mountains of Upshur 
 County, West Virginia, about eight miles from postoffice, 
 store and doctor. Its furnishings were meagre and crude; 
 the struggle for a living was hard; the opportunities for 
 an education were scanty; yet, in spite of all this, Samuel, 
 with a determination to succeed on one hand and a de- 
 sire to do right on the other, though he often groped 
 along in ignorance and error, humbly pressed forward 
 
 353
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 until he occupies a place among his fellows unique and 
 leading. By hard effort he secured a third-grade certifi- 
 cate, arid he taught his first term of school when eight- 
 een years old. He pursued school-teaching in the win- 
 ter, and worked hard on the farm during each summer, 
 but one, spent in an academy. He saved every cent and 
 wore his mother's homespun clothes until the spring term 
 of 1880, when, in the twenty-second year of his age he had 
 $140 cash on hand, and was ready to go away to school. 
 He decided upon Juniata, at Huntingdon, Pennsylvania, 
 walked fifty miles to Grafton, West Virginia, to the rail- 
 road, and finished the Normal English Course with credit, 
 in the class of 1883. During his vacation he sold wall 
 maps, and thus earned enough, along with his economy, 
 that, at the close of school, he had about the same amount 
 of money he had when he entered. In 1885 he became a 
 member of the faculty at Bridgewater College, Bridge- 
 water, Virginia, where he remained two years. Then he 
 answered the call of the frontier and preached the Gospel 
 nearly every day for three years in Southern Missouri and 
 the Arkansas mission field. It was a period of great 
 experiences, much heart-searching, and severe trial. 
 Malaria drove him back to the mountains, where he en- 
 tered upon Christian work with new zest. In the fall of 
 1890 he again' became a member of the faculty at Bridge- 
 water, which position he held until his call to India. Dur- 
 ing this period he had two years' leave of absence, to pre- 
 pare for Bible teaching, and spent the time in the Bap- 
 tist Theological Seminary, at Louisville, Kentucky. In 
 1897 his plans were abruptly changed by accepting the 
 call of the General Mission Board to go to India. 
 
 After acquiring the language in India, Brother McCann 
 was stationed at Ankleshwer, where he conducted Bible 
 teaching, preaching, visiting among the Bhils, especially 
 in Rajpipla State, with unusual success. At his station, 
 for a number of years, were a large number of converts, 
 and the memory of these blessed days still clings to 
 Brother McCann. In March, 1904, when the bubonic 
 
 354
 
 Biographical 
 
 plague broke out and many native residents left Ankle- 
 shwer, he, assisted part of the time by D. J. Lichty and 
 wife, and Dr. Yereman, who cared for the boys and seg- 
 regated any that had symptoms of plague, remained fear- 
 lessly at his post, and cared for the sick and dying during 
 that dread time; and though pestilence and death were 
 about him, no harm befell him. In 1907 he and his fam- 
 ily returned home on furlough, by the Pacific, and visited 
 missions in China to some extent. Upon his arrival in 
 America, he spent part of his time as Traveling Secre- 
 tary for the General Mission Board, preaching missionary 
 sermons and securing endowments. In this he was quite 
 successful. The College at Bridgewater, Virginia, needed 
 his help to lift a school debt. Throwing his energies into 
 that task, Bro. McCann succeeded in the work. He then 
 accepted the position of teacher in the Bible Department, 
 where he is now laboring. 
 
 In India Brother McCann contracted a disease of the 
 bowels because of which he has been a great sufferer 
 ever since. He has stood some severe operations, has 
 not found permanent relief yet, and many a man would 
 have given up, but not Brother McCann. 
 
 The spiritual impressions of his mother, upon his early 
 life, prompted him to give his heart to the Lord, and 
 unite with the Church of the Brethren in the Indian 
 Camp congregation, of West Virginia, in the summer of 
 1872, when nearly fourteen years old, Elias Auvil ad- 
 ministered the rite of baptism. His training in things 
 religious, outside of his home, up to this time, was mainly 
 a union Sunday-school which, he claims, was a great 
 blessing in his life. At Juniata College he was ever ready 
 to do his part in prayer meeting, or elsewhere in religious 
 work. His religious experience, first along the line of 
 "good works" being a saving power in the plan of salva- 
 tion, caused him to question greatly whether even in his 
 obedience in baptism he had followed the Lord accept- 
 ably. Once he sought rebaptism. Finally the whole 
 subject was cleared up to him and in grateful remem- 
 
 355
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 brance of it all he wrote that wonderful little volume, 
 "Christ Our Righteousness." That volume has been a 
 blessing to many. In 1913 he sent forth another volume, 
 this time on "The Beatitudes," another deeply spiritual 
 message. 
 
 He represented his District on the Standing Commit- 
 tee, and was Writing Clerk of the Annual Meeting of 
 1913, this being the second time he has rendered such 
 service to the General Brotherhood. 
 
 While he has a good position at Bridgewater, Virginia, 
 he recently expressed himself that even in poor health 
 he would be willing to return to India, if the B©ard 
 would send him. 
 
 MRS. S. N. McCANN, NEE ELIZABETH GIBBEL 
 Missionary to India, 1897-1907 
 
 Having parentage of German descent, reared in the 
 faith of the Brethren, John B. Gibbel and Elizabeth 
 (Mohler) Royer were married September 20, 1855. Both 
 had waited until after this event, as was then the cus- 
 tom, to unite with the Church of the Brethren. To them 
 were born five children, — four sons, — and then Elizabeth, 
 the youngest, gladdened the home on March 14, 1868, on 
 the farm near Lititz, Pennsylvania. 
 
 Elizabeth enjoyed the privilege of the common school 
 and an active lif.; on the farm, and thus grew to young 
 womanhood. In 1886 she entered the Preparatory De- 
 partment of Juniata College, and in 1891 finished the 
 Normal English Course. She engaged successfully in 
 public school teaching for six years and then accepted 
 an appointment as missionary to India. 
 
 At Bulsar, India, on June 29, 1898, she was united in 
 marriage to S. N. McCann. To them have been born two 
 children, — a son and a daughter. 
 
 The spiritual atmosphere of her home prompted Eliza- 
 beth to give her heart to the Lord much earlier than 
 
 356
 
 Biographical 
 
 young people usually accept Christ and March 5, 1885, 
 was a happy day when, not yet seventeen, she was ad- 
 mitted into the church by baptism administered by her 
 father. They did not have Sunday-school in her com- 
 munity during her youth, so she attended the Moravian 
 Sunday-school. Later, when she was privileged, she was 
 active in the Brethren school. At Juniata she enjoyed 
 the religious spirit. She had not, as yet, offered herself 
 as a missionary, though she often thought about it. 
 When the Board called her to the needy India field, she 
 sailed, in the fall of 1897, to that country. 
 
 In India, after acquiring the language and uniting her 
 life with that of Brother McCann, they lived at Ankle- 
 shwer, where they both labored earnestly in famine relief. 
 Sister McCann also did some touring, and conducted Bi- 
 ble classes, but, above all, set the example of a Christian 
 home before the natives. 
 
 A run-down condition of the system prompted Sister 
 McCann, with her little son, Henry, to come home in 
 1903, while her husband remained at his post. She re- 
 turned in 1904, and they remained on the field until Jan- 
 uary 17, 1907, when both came home on furlough. Owing 
 to health conditions they have remained at home, residing 
 at Bridgewater, Virginia, but their hearts are in India, 
 and Sister McCann longs to be among those for whom 
 she gave so much of her life. 
 
 MINERVA METZGER 
 
 Missionary to China, 1910 
 
 To Aaron C. and Catherine Metzger, prosperous farm- 
 ers of German descent, living near Mulberry, Clinton 
 County, Indiana, there came, on November 12, 1876, their 
 daughter Minerva, one of three daughters born into this 
 home. She had every advantage of a good Christian 
 home, every facility for training in a good public school, 
 and to all this she responded fully. As life widened, she 
 
 357
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 longed to prepare for its duties. So, at seventeen, she left 
 the home circle and came to Mt. Morris College, Mt. 
 Morris, Illinois, and remained in school one year. She 
 taught the country school near home for five years and 
 returned to Mt. Morris College and finished the Academic 
 Course in 1902. Thereafter, for three years, she taught 
 the intermediate grade of the Mulberry school and Ger- 
 man in the high school. Not satisfied with past achieve- 
 ments, but yearning for better preparation, she entered, 
 in the fall of 1905, the Indiana State University, specialized 
 on German, and completed the Liberal Arts Course with 
 the class of 1909. While here, the call to the foreign 
 field was so pressed upon her heart, that she determined 
 to prepare for it. She entered Bethany Bible School, 
 Chicago, and spent a year in special preparation for China. 
 Minerva was but thirteen years old when, while attend- 
 ing a series of meetings, conducted by L. T. Holsinger in 
 the Middle Fork congregation, she confessed Christ and 
 united with the Church of the Brethren, baptism being 
 administered by Brother Holsinger in December, 1889. 
 She was always a regular attendant at Sunday-school, 
 and in a few years she was made a teacher. While at 
 the University of Indiana, she was active in Christian 
 endeavor. She was chairman of the Missionary Commit- 
 tee of the Young Women's Christian Association of the 
 institution, and represented the organization at one of 
 the summer conferences at Lake Geneva, Wisconsin. At 
 Bethany Bible School she especially interested herself 
 in the work among the Chinese. Her courage and trust 
 were manifest when being approved by Conference for 
 1910 for the China field. The only one to go, she traveled 
 alone to the scenes of her labors. She is located at Ping 
 Ting Chou, Shansi Province, doing effectual work for the 
 mission, and happy in the service. 
 
 358
 
 Biographical 
 
 BENJAMIN FRANKLIN MILLER 
 Member of Book and Tract Work, 1885-1887 
 
 B. F. Miller is the son of Benjamin and Elizabeth 
 Bowser Miller and was born March 5, 1843, on a farm 
 near Dayton, Ohio. He is the sixth child in a family of 
 four sons and three daughters. His parents were mem- 
 bers of the Church of the Brethren and gave their chil- 
 dren the example of a godly life. B. F. had little oppor- 
 tunity for education, but knew what hard work meant. 
 Yet he sought to " do good unto all men " and to be 
 faithful in the work he undertook to do. 
 
 On September 4, 1873, he was married to Lucy Ann 
 Funderburg, to which union two sons were born, — both 
 members of the Church of the Brethren. 
 
 In the fall of 1873 Bro. Miller confessed Christ, and was 
 received into the Church of the Brethren in the Donnels 
 Creek congregation, Brother George Funderburg ad- 
 ministering the rite of baptism. In 1881 he was called 
 to the deacon's office, in which capacity he is still serv- 
 ing. When the Book and Tract Work was organized, in 
 1885, he was elected a member and served two years. He 
 helped to direct the beginning of that work, that has ac- 
 complished much good. He resides at New Carlisle, 
 Ohio. 
 
 DANIEL L. MILLER 
 
 Member General Mission Board, 1884 — 
 
 In a very humble abode, — the basement of the flour- 
 ing mills, — on the banks of a small stream emptying into 
 the Conococheague, a few miles out from Hagerstown, 
 Washington County, Maryland, on October 5, 1841, Daniel 
 Long Miller was born. Had the father " shut down " the 
 grinding, in honor of his firstborn by his second wife? 
 If so, at the most it was but for a short time; for by 
 
 359
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 careful, faithful and conscientious attention to his milling, 
 Abram Miller had not only earned for himself a good rep- 
 utation, but some means. The water from the mill pond, 
 at least, did not stop dashing over the wheel, and the 
 man of great activity, all through life, had the first lesson 
 of movement and stir drilled into him while yet in the 
 cradle. 
 
 Daniel is the first of thirteen children, — the author's 
 wife the last, — five of whom died in infancy' or early 
 youth. The remaining eight, — seven sons and one daugh- 
 ter, — lived to maturity. Of the seven sons, six have been 
 active church officials in the Church of the Brethren. 
 Such was the impress of godliness made, perhaps more 
 especially by the mother, Catherine Long Miller, upon 
 her children. 
 
 Daniel grew just like all boys grow. First he played 
 about the mill; when older, in summer time, he went 
 swimming, fished along the creek and had the good time 
 of a boy living in one of those beauty spots of rural life, 
 rarel}^ excelled an3-where. In winter, when not at work, 
 skating and hunting were much enjoyed. Schooling was 
 a rather rare thing, those da3^s, and Daniel's country- 
 school training was meager enough. In all about six 
 successive years of four months subscription school, and 
 one term of district school were the sum total of educa- 
 tional advantages till he reached twenty-one. Abundant 
 employment was afforded by the father's farm during the 
 summer and the father's mill during the winter. After 
 entering fully into the milling trade, Daniel continued 
 his studies under a private teacher, and qualified himself 
 for teaching in the public schools. 
 
 An unusual love for reading prompted Daniel from his 
 youth carefully to study the few books that came within 
 his reach. At this time he began to collect a library, 
 which has grown to some four thousand volumes and 
 pamphlets. In his study he did not neglect the Bible, for 
 even in childhopd he would look at Bible pictures and 
 read the story relating to them. This love for the re- 
 
 360
 
 Biographical 
 
 ligious story never departed from him. He has read Pil- 
 grim's Progress perhaps as many as twenty-five times. 
 
 In October, 1860, when nineteen years old, Daniel went 
 " far west," — to the vicinity of Mt. Morris, Illinois, — with 
 his grandfather Long, and uncle, Dan Zellers. He made 
 several trips back and forth, when, at last, he made Illi- 
 nois his home. On one of these return trips east he came 
 under conviction while attending a revival meeting con- 
 ducted by Brother Zigler, near his home, and a few weeks 
 later, on February 22, 1863, he was received into the 
 Church of the Brethren by baptism, administered by Da- 
 vid Miller. This was the beginning of a new life for him. 
 He turned his attention to preparing to teach; taught two 
 terms near Hagerstown, Maryland, and several in Frank- 
 lin County, Pennsylvania, and was planning to enter Mil- 
 ler's Normal School to prepare for teaching as a life 
 work. Financial failure, on the part of a firm for which 
 he worked, and through which he himself lost all his 
 accumulated earnings, changed his plans. 
 
 At about this time he met Miss Elizabeth Talley, in 
 Philadelphia, and some time after, — Februarj^ 6, 1868, — 
 they were united in marriage. Daniel had already es- 
 tablished himself in mercantile lines in Polo, Illinois, and 
 there they began life on a very small scale. Fortune 
 smiled on them, — the fortune that comes from long hours 
 in the store and the strictest economy. It smiled and 
 they were doing well. But one day it frowned, and the 
 man with a good start in business, was worth less than 
 nothing. 
 
 Not being daunted by this sore experience, Daniel 
 buckled to the fray along new lines, and again fortune 
 smiled on him. From the sale of butter and eggs, to the 
 larger business of a grocer, he prospered and added to 
 his capital, year by year. 
 
 During this period he was not negligent of growth in 
 grace. They lived in town: the Brethren church was in 
 the country, some six miles distant. And few, compara- 
 tively, were the Sundays when they were not found in 
 their places. But this was not enough. Teaching in the 
 
 361
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 Methodist Sunday-school, active in the village prayer 
 meetings, and through other similar avenues, did he de- 
 velop Christian character. 
 
 The village honored him with the position of tov^^n 
 clerk. Those were the days of emigration to the still 
 farther West, — Kansas. Daniel was an agent who helped 
 to make the first settlements in Reno County, Kansas, 
 in the days when it was said that the land was a desert, 
 that the settlers could raise nothing whatever, and would, 
 perhaps, starve to death before they could get a supply of 
 food. 
 
 In 1873 his mother died. She had sat down to write 
 him a letter, and had finished two pages when she was 
 called to entertain some company, and before she returned 
 to the unfinished message God called her. Years after, 
 Daniel came across this incomplete letter, and in the days 
 of his ripe manhood, thus in part he wrote about it: " Only 
 an old, tear-stained letter with its message of love from a 
 mother heart, as pure as the breath of angels and as un- 
 selfish as aught human can be. I have read it over again 
 and again today, as I enter upon the sixty-second year of 
 my earthly pilgrimage; and, as I read, how the memories 
 of the years, gone forever, come thronging and trooping 
 before me. The dear old home, the happy days of child- 
 hood, before dull, corroding care touched the heart and 
 seamed the face, when the shadows flitted quickly and all 
 joyous years were full of sunshine and childish happiness, 
 when I laid my weary head upon ' the pillow made by God, 
 and cried when I was taken from it, and cried again when 
 it was taken away from me,' — cried and would not be com- 
 forted because there had gone out of my life its chief 
 centre." 
 
 In 1879, after much deliberation, D. L. Miller, as he was 
 then coming to be familiarly known in Northern Illinois, 
 decided to sell his business in Polo and accept an invi- 
 tation from M. S. Newcomer to be Business Manager of 
 Mt. Morris College, just recently purchased by the latter. 
 He brought with him the business methods and thorough- 
 ness that insured success wherever he applied himself. He 
 
 362
 
 Biographical 
 
 was elected a member of the Board of Trustees at the 
 opening of school in 1879. At the college he revealed his 
 ability in handling men, and in his new position he was 
 loved by both teacher and student. After helping to get 
 the institution on a good foundation, he planned his first 
 trip abroad, going to Germany, mainly to study the lan- 
 guage and better to prepare himself for the position he 
 was now occupying. At Halle he was admitted to the 
 University and studied Church History and Political 
 Economy. 
 
 The year before this, however, in 1882, he joined part- 
 nership with Joseph Amick, of Indiana, in the publishing 
 interests of the " Brethren at Work," the enterprise at 
 the time, being greatly embarrassed financially. In 1883 
 he was elected President of the Board of Trustees of Mt. 
 Morris College, which office he held till 1913 when, be- 
 cause of the infirmities of age, he resigned. In the same 
 year (1883) he and his wife sailed for Europe and ex- 
 tended their trip through Palestine. He wrote for the 
 "Gospel Messenger," and these articles became the basis 
 of that first and perhaps best book of his, " Europe and 
 Bible Lands," which ran through eleven editions before 
 the demand was supplied. They visited Denmark and 
 Sweden, and in Germany spent considerable time at the 
 University of Halle. Later they went to Palestine and 
 toured the Holy Land, riding twenty-one days on horse- 
 back. 
 
 Upon his return, in 1884, he was elected a member of 
 the General Mission Board, and reappointed continuously 
 until, in 1910, having resigned, the Conference at Winona 
 Lake, Indiana, reluctantly accepted his resignation, and 
 passed the following resolutions: 
 
 Whereas, on account of failing health Elder D. L. Mil- 
 ler offers to the Conference, through Standing Committee, 
 his resignation as a member of the General Mission Board, 
 and 
 
 Whereas, we feel his services in the work o.f missions 
 are so important and useful both to the Board and to the 
 church through his many years of experience and travel 
 in mission lands, 
 
 363
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 We offer the following resolutions: 
 
 1. Desiring to do nothing to lessen his days of useful- 
 ness for the church militant or lay any unnecessary bur- 
 den upon him, because we need him as long as God may 
 spare him to us, we can accept his resignation only on ac- 
 count of his failing health and do so most reluctantly. 
 
 2. We acknowledge with gratitude his incalculable serv- 
 ice through these many years, having been a member of 
 the Mission Board from its beginning, having traveled 
 extensively with a purpose to know the need of the 
 world and opportunities of the church both at home and 
 abroad. Also having been in touch with the publishing 
 interests for so many years and helping so. largely in 
 making the present large plant a success and the property 
 of the church. 
 
 3. In view of the above facts and his great helpfulness 
 to the Board and their urgent request for it, we recom- 
 mend that he be made an advisory member of the General 
 Mission Board during his life-time. 
 
 4. We extend to him the gratitude of this Conference 
 for these long years of wise counsel, and loyal and untir- 
 ing service, and invoke the blessing of God upon the 
 work to which he has contributed so much, and that many 
 years may yet be given him and his good wife enriched 
 with the blessings of God. 
 
 During this long period of service, he served five years 
 as Secretary, sixteen years as Treasurer, and in 1899 was 
 made President, which position he still honors. When in 
 the homeland, he has not missed one meeting of the 
 Board. 
 
 In the beginning of General Missions, if the total con- 
 tributions of a day reached as much as $100, it made more 
 stir in Mt. Morris, through D. L. telling it with joy, than 
 a hundred times that amount now does. In 1886 he inaug- 
 urated the present endowment plan which has grown to 
 such splendid proportions at this time. 
 
 The years were filled with many important events from 
 now on. In 1885 he was appointed office editor of the 
 "Gospel Messenger;" elected to the deacon's office, and 
 chosen Superintendent of the Silver Creek and Mt. Morris 
 Sunday-schools. 
 
 On June 15, 1887, he was called to the ministry by the 
 Mt. Morris congregation and preached his first sermon 
 
 364
 
 Biographical 
 
 at the Pleasant Grove schoolhouse, two miles east of 
 Mt. Morris, June 19, 1887. He was advanced in March, 
 1888, and ordained to the bishopric by the laying on of 
 hands by Enoch Eby and Edmund Forney on March 13, 
 1891. During these years he kept steadily in the edito- 
 rial chair, and his writings did much to unify the church 
 and raise her ideals. 
 
 In 1891 he longed for another trip abroad, and, secur- 
 ing J. H. Moore to take his place as office editor, he 
 planned a trip to Europe, including Egypt and Palestine. 
 Sister Miller's health became such, on the journey, that 
 they returned after visiting the churches of Europe. In 
 1891 he represented Northern Illinois on the Standing- 
 Committee for the first time, and was chosen Writing 
 Clerk, which position he filled five times. He was chosen 
 Moderator twice, and served on many church commit- 
 tees, among the more important being Revision of the 
 Annual Meeting Minutes, compiling the Brethren's Hymn 
 Book and Hymnal, Dress Committees of 1898 and 1909, 
 and Compiling Rules Governing Conference. He also 
 served on committees to many local congregations. 
 
 With the return from the tour through Europe and 
 Egypt, in 1892-93, D. L. took up lecturing, giving his 
 entire time to Bible Land talks. The year 1895 found him 
 and his wife starting on their first trip around the world. 
 In 1896 he made a proposition in which, by giving, on the 
 annuity plan, nearly three-fifths of the capital stock of 
 the Brethren Publishing Company, this business was thus 
 secured for the church and taken over by the General Mis- 
 sion Board, April 1, 1897. 
 
 In 1901 he accompanied Albert Vaniman and wife to 
 Sweden, and assisted in locating them in that mission 
 field. At the same time he visited all the churches in 
 Scandinavia. In 1904 he and Sister Miller made an ex- 
 tended tour of the world, visiting South Africa, Australia, 
 India, China, Japan and the Hawaiian Islands. Of this 
 two years* tour nearly a year was spent in India, and a 
 distance of 38,000 miles was traveled. All his travels 
 
 365
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 abroad, — visiting the churches and missions, — ^were made 
 at his own expense. 
 
 It pleased the Lord not to give him children after the 
 flesh, but the following are the children of his mind and 
 heart, — books that have had a large circulation and done 
 much for the development of the church: 
 
 Europe and Bible Lands, _ 1884 
 
 Wanderings in Bible Lands, 1893 
 
 Seven Churches of Asia 1894 
 
 Girdling the Globe, 1898 
 
 Eternal Verities, 1902 
 
 The Other Half of the Globe, 1906 
 
 For several years he had been resting from writing 
 books. In 1912 he conceived the idea of a book of biog- 
 raphies of church worthies, and in joint editorship with 
 another, prepared " Some Who Led." 
 
 His labors have been somewhat restricted, in recent 
 years, through the affliction, arteriosclerosis. Yet his 
 letter writing and his repeated tours among the churches 
 have been a great joy to him; his messages have been a 
 great blessing where he has gone. He has held a num- 
 ber of series of meetings in which there were good in- 
 gatherings into the kingdom. 
 
 He resides in Mt. Morris, Illinois, and has an abiding 
 interest in the things about him and over the Brother- 
 hood. 
 
 ELIZA B. MILLER 
 
 Missionary to India, 1900 
 
 Simon B. Miller, a young man from Somerset County, 
 Pennsylvania, came to Iowa and took up a homestead. 
 After a while he returned and brought back with him 
 Lydia Pike, his bride, and they made their home south of 
 Waterloo, Blackhawk County, Iowa. To them were born 
 five daughters and then five sons, who grew to maturity, 
 besides four who died in infancy. Eliza, born November 
 18, 1874, is the third in the family. At seven she went 
 
 366
 
 Biographical 
 
 to live with her aunt, Mary Miller, a decided advantage 
 to the child in this that her parents lived about ten miles 
 from the church, while Aunt Mary lived within a few 
 steps. From here she went to public school, Sunday- 
 school, and here, also, she met many church workers who 
 visited in her aunt's home. At eighteen she taught her 
 first term of school and at the same time learned the dress- 
 making trade. In November, 1903, she entered Mt. Mor- 
 ris College, Mt. Morris, Illinois, and between that date 
 and the time of her appointment to India, she taught six- 
 teen terms of public school, attended Mt, Morris Col- 
 lege two years, and secured a first grade certificate in 
 the State of Iowa. All this meant close, conscientious 
 application. 
 
 Eliza's parents and grandparents were faithful members 
 of the Church of the Brethren. Her Aunt Mary, with 
 whom she lived, and Grandmother Berkley, with her also 
 a great deal, were godly women of the same faith, and 
 every influence was silently brought to bear upon the 
 young life, to make it very devoted to the Lord. In the 
 summer of 1888, when fourteen years old, Eliza, with 
 four associates, was received into the Church of the Breth- 
 ren by baptism, administered by Samuel M. Miller. There 
 was no series of meetings in progress, but simply an in- 
 dication of the revival spirit that permeated the congre- 
 gation at this place about all the time. She was a reg- 
 ular attendant at Sunday-school, and soon became a 
 teacher. At Mt. Morris she was active in prayer meeting. 
 In 1897 the Mission Board of the Waterloo congregation 
 elected her its secretary, which position she filled for 
 three years. In 1899 she was appointed city missionary 
 in Waterloo, which position she filled till within one 
 month of sailing for India. At the North Manchester 
 Conference of 1900, she was appointed to India. In the 
 new field she had charge of the Girls' Orphanage for 
 many years, and directed it in a most satisfactory man- 
 ner. Now she is located at Vali (Umalla) and is doing 
 splendid work among the women, as well as superin- 
 tending the village schools. 
 
 367
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 JACOB L. MILLER 
 Member of General Mission Board, 1891-1894 
 
 Samuel and Mary (Lehman) Miller lived on a farm near 
 Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, and to them was born on 
 January 23, 1835, a son, Jacob, the first child of a fam'ily 
 of ten children. When nineteen years old, Jacob located 
 at Franklin Grove, Illinois, vi^here he lived till the close 
 of his life. He had the advantage of a common and high 
 school education, and one year at Rock River Seminary, 
 now Mt. Morris College. 
 
 On December 18, 1860, he was married to Ann Cath- 
 erine, daughter of Jacob and Hannah Riddlesberger, to 
 which union four sons were born. 
 
 When twenty-seven years old, he confessed Christ and 
 united with the Church of the Brethren in the Rock River 
 congregation, Lee County, Illinois. In 1891 he was elected 
 a member of the General Mission Board, and took much 
 interest in its work. Through consolidation, in 1894, he 
 was not continued longer than the one term. 
 
 Sickness overtook him, and he lingered for upwards of 
 a year before the end came. He was laid to rest in the 
 Emmert cemetery, near Nachusa, Illinois. 
 
 SADIE J. MILLER 
 
 Missionary to India, 1903 
 
 Simon B. and his wife, Lydia Fike Miller, were blessed 
 with fourteen children, four of whom died in early child- 
 hood. Of this goodly number, the Lord had use for two 
 in India. Sadie, born on March 28, 1878, was the fifth 
 child and youngest daughter of the family. They lived 
 on the farm and every one of them knew what hard work 
 meant. Located some nine miles from the South Water- 
 loo church, they did not have the opportunity of regular 
 attendance at services, yet all were eager to go whenever 
 
 368
 
 Opposite 36S 
 
 Minerva Metzger Winnie Gripe Anna Hutchison 
 
 2Zy. & Mrs. B. F. Heckman Mr. & Mrs. Paul Moliler and Family 
 Ida C. Shumaker J. Homer Bright Mrs. J. Homer Bright
 
 Biographical 
 
 opportunity afforded. She availed herself of all the edu- 
 cational advantages w^ithin her reach. When eighteen, 
 she spent two summers teaching music near Le Mars, 
 Iowa. At nineteen she took up studies at Mt. Morris 
 College and completed a course. Here she taught vocal 
 music and led in the public song service, thus helping to 
 pay her way through school. 
 
 When D. H. Walker, of Somerset County, Pennsyl- 
 vania, was holding meetings in the South Waterloo church, 
 in the fall of 1892, Sadie was among the number who 
 united with Christ in baptism. Her special talent was 
 music. Her service of song has reached a large circle. 
 Her influence among the students at college was a great 
 help along religious lines. 
 
 Seeing the need of a teacher in India, the Mount Mor- 
 ris Sunday-school took up the task of raising money to 
 send some one to supply it. The donors united on Sister 
 Sadie, and in the fall of 1903 she went to India. 
 
 She has been a brave and unique worker among women 
 on the foreign field. It is her delight, in the proper sea- 
 son,, to pitch her tent in the outskirts of the mission field 
 and there, with her Bible women and her service of song, 
 tell the story of redeeming love to the heathen at their 
 very doors. She fears not wild beast nor creeping things. 
 And though to another such a life of service would seem 
 lonely, to Sadie it is a joy, as she notes the onward 
 progress of the Gospel, and its power among the benighted 
 ones. 
 
 ADAM MINNICK 
 
 Member of Book and Tract Work, 1885-1890 
 
 Jacob and Elizabeth (Long) Minnick were farmers in 
 moderate circumstances, living near Union, Montgomery 
 County, Ohio. Jacob was reared in the faith of the Church 
 of the Brethren, and was always a strong advocate of 
 Sunday-schools, long before there were any in the Church. 
 
 369
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 Elizabeth was reared in the River Brethren faith. Both 
 united with the Church of the Brethren in 1850. Into 
 their home was born, on April 6, 1835, a son, whom they 
 were pleased to call Adam. He was the second child 
 in a family of three sons and two daughters, of whom 
 two are living today. 
 
 Adam had but few educational advantages. His youth 
 was spent in hard work on the farm, and all his schooling 
 could easily be included in less than a year. But he tried 
 to do the right, and became a practical and useful man. 
 He made a success of farming. In 1884 he took up car- 
 pentering and contract work. He now lives a retired life 
 at Trotwood, Ohio. 
 
 On November 20, 1856, he was united in marriage to 
 Catherine Ziegler, and to them were born five sons, 
 four of whom are living. 
 
 In June, 1866, he confessed Christ and united with the 
 Church of the Brethren in the Blue River congregation, 
 Indiana, Brother Jeremiah Gump administering baptism. 
 He was an enthusiastic worker in Sunday-schools, teach- 
 ing classes in all grades during his time. Just a year or 
 two ago he resigned as teacher, because of age, but a 
 class of boys asked him to teach them another year. 
 Though a willing servant, the church did not call him to 
 any official position. Nevertheless he was one of that 
 all-around kind of brethren whom the officials and the 
 church used freely. As solicitor for the Old People's 
 Home he secured $15,000 endowment, and for four years 
 served as its Treasurer. He was a member of the Com- 
 mittee of Arrangements for the 1886 Annual Meeting. 
 Southern District of Ohio recognized in him sterling qual- 
 ities, and elected him to serve two terms on the District 
 Mission Board. On the Book and Tract Work he ren- 
 dered much service. He solicited a large endowment, 
 and served on a committee to examine mission stations for 
 tract distribution. His help for the progress of the work 
 was good, 
 
 370
 
 Biographical 
 
 PAUL MOHLER 
 Missionary to France, 1911-1912 
 
 S. S. Mohler, born and raised near Covington, Ohio, 
 became one of the leading bishops of the Brotherhood. 
 He was united in marriage to Mary Ann Deeter on No- 
 vember 3, 1853, and in 1869 the family moved to Johnson 
 County, Missouri, To them were given seven sons and 
 three daughters, of whom Paul, the youngest, was born 
 December 5, 1876. He made good use of his country 
 school privileges, and finished a course in the State Nor- 
 mal at Warrensburg, Missouri, for the purpo.se of prepar- 
 ing himself for school-teaching. This occupation he fol- 
 lowed for ten years. In 1900 he located on a homestead 
 in North Dakota but spent most of his time in teaching 
 school and in successful commercial efforts, but in 1908 
 he gave up secular pursuits in order to devote his time 
 and energies to soul-saving work. This led him to 
 Bethany in the fall of that year, where he pursued, with 
 great zeal, a course in Bible study. 
 
 He was united in marriage at Cando, North Dakota, 
 to Lucy F., daughter of I. W. Leatherman, of West Vir- 
 ginia, and to them have been born two sons and one 
 daughter. 
 
 From the very beginning Paul's spiritual environment 
 has been most helpful. His grandfather and father were 
 men of great piety and strong leadership in the church; 
 his brothers,— all older than himself,— were officials in the 
 church and good workers for the Lord. And Paul, when 
 yet a lad of twelve summers, while J. M. Mohler, of 
 Pennsylvania, was conducting a series of meetings in the 
 Mineral Creek congregation, Mo., gave his heart to the 
 Lord, and was baptized by M. S. Mohler. As he came 
 to manhood, the church saw in him a worker, and the 
 Smith Fork congregation, of Missouri, where he held his 
 membership, called him to the ministry in 1902. He was 
 advanced to the second degree in 1904, in North Dakota. 
 Before sailing for France, on September 15, 1911, he was 
 
 371
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 ordained to the bishapric at Bethany Bible School, by 
 the laying on of hands by I. Bennett Trout and J. H, 
 Moore. In France he located at Oyonnax, a mission 
 that had been conducted for some years by one who had 
 united with, but had not been reared in the faith of the 
 Church of the Brethren. It was not long until Brother 
 Mohler, after acquiring the language to some extent, dis- 
 covered the real character of the leader and his work. 
 After Bro. Mohler reported the situation to the Board, 
 and the latter deliberately went over the entire matter, 
 time after time, it was decided to close the mission. 
 Brother Mohler returned to the homeland and is now en- 
 gaged as a worker with Bethany Bible School. 
 
 MRS. PAUL MOHLER, NEE LUCY F. 
 LEATHERMAN 
 
 Missionary to France, 1911-1912 
 
 To I. W. Leatherman, and his wife, Sarah (Kline) 
 Leatherman, were born two sons and three daughters. 
 Lucy F. being the oldest, gladdened their hearts Novem- 
 ber 19, 1877, while the family was living in Mineral Coun- 
 ty, West Virginia. Lucy made good use of the common 
 school in her early life and then finished the Normal- 
 English Course at Juniata College, Huntingdon, Penn- 
 sylvania, with the class of 1895. She remained at Juniata 
 another year, taking further work. She then engaged in 
 teaching and home work for the next six years. 
 
 At Cando, North Dakota, she was united in marriage to 
 Paul Mohler, and to them have been born two sons and 
 one daughter. 
 
 From a child she enjoyed not only good religious train- 
 ing in the home, but the inspiration of the Sunday-school 
 and church services, which she was permitted to attend 
 regularly. While at Juniata College, she confessed Christ 
 and united with the Church of the Brethren during meet- 
 ings held by I. D. Parker. Since this step she has been an 
 active Sunday-school and church wotker, and after her 
 
 372
 
 Biographical 
 
 marriage a good help to her husband. She knows how to 
 endure hardship as a good soldier and, perhaps, has had 
 her full share. She was glad to go with her husband to 
 France, stood by him well in his trying work there, and is 
 now in their home at 4341 Congress St., Chicago, while her 
 husband is in the field working for the Lord. 
 
 JOHN M. PITTENGER 
 Missionary to India, 1904 
 
 Joshua W. Pittenger, of Scottish descent and Calvin- 
 istic tendencies, and his wife, Mary Ann Senseman, of 
 Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, stock, were devoted mem- 
 bers of the Church of the Brethren, living at West 
 Charleston, Miami County, Ohio, when their son John 
 was born on March 6, 1869. John is the fourth child in a 
 family of three sons and five daughters. When two years 
 old, his parents moved to a farm near Pleasant Hill, 
 Ohio, — still the old family home. John's school-days were 
 used to great profit to himself, but in March, 1886, his 
 father died, imposing heavier responsibility upon him 
 than his young shoulders should have borne. But he took 
 hold manfully, prepared to teach school, and in 1889 was 
 teaching his home school, continuing for a number of 
 terms. He spent one year at Mt. Morris College, Mt. 
 Morris, Illinois, and three years at home, working on 
 the farm in the summer, and teaching in the winter. In 
 1895 he entered Juniata College, Huntingdon, Pennsyl- 
 vania, completed the Normal English Coutse in 1897, the 
 Classical Course in 1902, and began to lay his plans for 
 service on a foreign field. 
 
 While at Juniata College, he met Florence, daughter 
 of Daniel Baker, of Maryland, and to her was united in 
 marriage at the home of J. B. Brumbaugh, o.n May 18, 
 1904. To them have been born one son and one daughter. 
 
 When John was nineteen years old, he confessed Christ, 
 while attending a series of meetings conducted by Quinter 
 
 373
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 Calvert in the Newton congregation, and was baptized 
 by D. D. Wine. His Sunday-school and Christian work 
 has been earnest and productive of much good. While 
 at home, on September 2, 1897, he was called to the min- 
 istry, advanced to the second degree October 25, 1903, 
 and at Vyara, India, ordained to the bishopric by the 
 laying on of hands by W. B. Stover and J. M. Blough. 
 
 His station in India has been at Ahwa, in the Dangs For- 
 ests, a territory of a thousand square miles, with a popu- 
 lation of over 30,000, and in this great field he and his 
 wife alone have been laboring for the Master. His work 
 is evangelistic, educational and medical, as far as able. 
 His hands have been more than full and his labors have 
 resulted in much good. He has just begun his first fur- 
 lough home. 
 
 MRS. JOHN M. PITTENGER, NEE FLORENCE 
 
 BAKER 
 
 Missionary to India, 1904 
 
 Daniel Baker, of Garrett County, Maryland, was reared 
 in the Brethren faith, while his wife, Lydia Kemp, had 
 been reared under Amish influences. Both, a few years 
 after their marriage, united with the Church of the 
 Brethren, and have been faithful ever since. Florence, 
 the fourth child in a family of five sons and three daugh- 
 ters, was born on June 15, 18>9. She enjoyed her child- 
 hood school-days and made good use of her opportuni- 
 ties. In 1896-97 she taught public school in the country, 
 and in the fall of 1897 entered Juniata College, Hunting- 
 don, Pennsylvania, where she continued until graduating 
 in the Normal English Course in 1900. She returned to 
 college in 1902, and continued Bible studies. During a 
 part of this time she was assistant librarian of the col- 
 lege. 
 
 On May 18, 1904, she was united in marriage to John M. 
 Pittenger and to them have been born one son and one 
 daughter. 
 
 374
 
 Biographical 
 
 Florence's parents, greatly desiring to see their children 
 do well, gave them good schooling and instilled into 
 them proper Christian principles. At a love feast in the 
 Maple Grove congregation, Maryland, in the fall of 1888, 
 she united with the Church of the Brethren, and was bap- 
 tized by W. T. Sines. She has always been very active in 
 church work. At college she was regular attendant at all 
 the religious services, no matter how many came in a day. 
 She taught a mission study class, was leader of mission 
 bands, and an able helper in revivals during the seven 
 years she was at Juniata. In going to India, which she 
 gladly did, she has undergone much hard labor and many 
 lonely hours. Her husband's station, at Ahwa, in the 
 Dangs Forests, is far away from any other foreigners. 
 There she has been often alone for a number of days, 
 while her husband was away from home on duty, but she 
 has been faithful, helpful, and happy in service for her 
 King. 
 
 LEWIS A. PLATE 
 Member of General Mission Board, 1892-1894 
 
 F. W. Plate, Ph. D., was an honored professor of lan- 
 guages at the Collegiate Institute of Bremen, Germany, 
 and the author of several textbooks. His wife, originally 
 from Switzerland, became, later on, a resident of Leip- 
 sic, Germany. Here their marriage took place in 1840. 
 
 A call from the Collegiate Institute at Bremen hastened 
 an early removal to that city, where family ties contin- 
 ued unbroken until the death of the father in 1865, leaving 
 to the mother the care of five children, — three daughters 
 and two sons. Lewis, next to the youngest, was born on 
 July 16, 1855. Religiously the entire family was of the 
 Lutheran persuasion. 
 
 Lewis enjoyed the excellent educational advantages of 
 the city schools at Bremen, later on taking a more ad- 
 vanced course at Zurich, Switzerland. Because his older 
 
 375
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 lirodier Ernest lost his health in the Franco-Prussian war, 
 Lewis, prompted by the wish of his mother, — to have him 
 escape military duty, — ^landed in the United States on Oc- 
 tober 18, 1872. 
 
 Brother Plate's first introduction to the Brethren was 
 at the Annual Meeting at Meyersdale, Pennsylvania, in 
 1S73. Here he became acquainted with such brethren as 
 James Quinter, C. G. Lint, Grabill Myers and others. 
 Later on, — ^and for several years thereafter, as long as 
 the practice continued, — he translated the Annual Meet- 
 ing Minutes into the German lang-^age for the benefit of 
 the German-speaking members. 
 
 In the year 1874, while residing in Somerset County, 
 Brother Plate united with the Church of the Brethren by 
 baptism administered by Valentine Blough. Soon after, 
 he accepted a position in the office of the " Pilgrim " at 
 Huntingdon, Pennsylvania, and later on conducted a small 
 German department in that paper. At the request of sev- 
 eral German churches in Pennsylvania and elsewhere, he 
 started a small German monthlj-, "Der Bruderbote," in 
 Lancaster, Pennsjlvania. The first number was issued in 
 the spring of 1875. At the suggestion of J. T. Myers, the 
 paper was moved to Germantown, Pennsylvania, enlarged 
 by adding an English department, making sixteen pages in 
 all, and known as the "Brethren's Messenger." In 1876 
 this publication, together with the printing outfit, was 
 moved to Lanark, Illinois, where J. H. Moore and M. M. 
 Eshelman thereafter published the paper under the name 
 of "Brethren at Work." Brother Plate has been asso- 
 ciated with the publishing interests, which finally came 
 into the hands of the church, ever since. In the fall of 
 1907 he was elected assistant editor of the "Gospel Mes- 
 senger," which position he still occupies. 
 
 During his residence at Mt. Morris, Illinois, in 1890, 
 he was elected deacon and has ser^-ed faithfully in that 
 capacity through all the years. He has been over twenty- 
 five years one of the most faithful Sunday-school teachers 
 in the Brotherhood, rarely missing any session and, for 
 that matter, any service of the congregation, 
 
 376
 
 Biographical 
 
 In 1892 he was chosen a member of the General Mis- 
 sion Board and continued in that capacity until the new 
 organization under the consolidation in 1894. While re- 
 siding in Mt. Morris, Illinois, he was a trustee of the Old 
 People's Home, located in that village. 
 
 He resides in Elgin, Illinois, active, faithful and earnest 
 in all his labors. 
 
 JOSEPHINE POWELL 
 Missionary to India, 1906 
 
 The Powells, for two generations, were m.embers of 
 the Missionary Baptist Church. The father was of En- 
 glish descent; the family was residing at Williamsport, 
 Indiana, on June 6, 1871, when their daughter Josephine 
 was born. Because of sickness in the home, Josephine 
 spent much time with relatives, her grandmother and an 
 aunt. It so happened that their homes were so located 
 that she did not have good school privileges. But the 
 grandmother, mindful of the girl's needs, supplied, in a 
 great measure, the lack until Josephine was permitted to 
 attend the Williamsport high school one year. Time went 
 by until, in 1896, she entered Manchester College, North 
 Manchester, Indiana, and continued three years, making 
 good use of her privileges there. 
 
 Early in life she confessed Christ, united with the Mis- 
 sionary Baptist Church, and was earnest and active. The 
 Church of the Brethren had a mission at Williamsport, 
 and the General Mission Board assisted in building a 
 churchhouse there. Josephine attended a love feast at 
 this place, sought the Word diligentlj', and in March, 
 1896, united with the Church of the Brethren. Since 
 that date she has been an earnest worker for the Breth- 
 ren. In 1906 she offered herself as a missionary to India, 
 was approved by the Conference at Springfield, Illinois, 
 and sailed that fall for her chosen field. She has served 
 most of her time at Vada, and has done good work. Dur- 
 
 377
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 ing the absence of the brother and family in charge, 
 through sickness or otherwise, she assumed charge of the 
 work, assisting a new missionary in directing the affairs 
 of the station. 
 
 She is just home on her first furlough, happy in serv- 
 ice, glad to greet the churches, and anxious to do all for 
 India she can. 
 
 JOHN W. PRICE 
 Member General Mission Board, 1887-1893 
 
 In the first part of the last century there lived two 
 godly people, John and Catherine Gear Price, in Frank- 
 lin County, Pennsylvania. He was related to the Prices 
 that emigrated from Germany a few generations before. 
 About 1820 the family moved to Berkeley County, West 
 Virginia, and settled on a farm near Charlestown. Here 
 John W. was born on February 9, 1823. When John was a 
 lad of sixteen summers, he came with his parents to Ogle 
 County, Illinois. The family settled on a farm a few 
 miles south of Mt. Morris, Illinois. Here the parents lived 
 and died, and here John also lived until he passed to the 
 beyond. 
 
 School privileges were meager in those days. While a 
 boy, John knew more about hard work than books; for 
 even in the winter, till Christmas or after, he helped to 
 thresh out wheat on the barn floor, by the slow process of 
 " tramping." Alter this work was done, he had an oppor- 
 tunity to attend a few weeks of school before the spring 
 work opened up. When he became of age, he attended 
 several terms at Rock River Seminary, now known as 
 Mt. Morris College. Thus prepared, he began to teach 
 country school, continuing that work for a number of 
 winters. Along with this, he kept up his farm work in 
 a very successful manner. 
 
 In 1848 he was married to. Nancy Rowland. To them 
 were born five sons and three daughters, six of whom are 
 
 378
 
 Biographical 
 
 living, and four of whom are members of the Church of 
 the Brethren. 
 
 When twenty-seven years old, he and his wife confessed 
 Christ, baptism being administered within the bounds of 
 the Rock River congregation, near Franklin Grove, Illi- 
 nois. Later, in 1857, when the Pine Creek congregation 
 was formed, these two were charter members, and did 
 not remove from its bounds until their membership was 
 transferred by the Father to the glory world. In 1864 he 
 was elected deacon and served in that office for thirty 
 years as a good man full of the spirit of faithfulness and 
 kindliness to all. In 1887 he was elected a member of 
 the District Mission Board of Northern Illinois and Wis- 
 consin, and continued until 1892. In 1887 he was elected 
 a member of the General Mission Board, and served till 
 1892. He was a wise counselor during those experimental 
 days. 
 
 He was 'an untiring student of the Word of God, a 
 great reader of religious literature, and a regular attend- 
 ant at the Special Bible Terms at Mt. Morris, as long as 
 he lived. It was his delight to attend Annual Meeting, 
 drink from its overflowing spiritual fountains, and he 
 was more than overjoyed when permitted to return from 
 the Meyersdale, Pennsylvania, Conference, in 1894, with 
 the glad news that the church was sending missionaries 
 that year to foreign lands. June 7, 1894, — two days after 
 his return, — with the vision of the enlarged church on the 
 foreign field still vivid in his mind, his spirit suddenly 
 and quietly took its flight. His body was laid to rest in 
 the Pine Creek cemetery to await the resurrection morn. 
 
 JAMES QUINTER 
 
 Member of 'General Mission Board, 1880-1884 
 
 John Quinter was a day laborer of Philadelphia with 
 very limited means. His wife, Mary Smith, was a native 
 of New Jersey. To them were born two daughters and 
 
 379
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 one son, — the latter, James, on February 1, 1816. In 
 1824 the family moved from Philadelphia to Phoenixville, 
 Pennsylvania, where the father and little son worked in 
 the iron mills. James, with donkey and cart, gathered 
 the finished product from the workmen and placed it in 
 the stock room. When thirteen years of age, his father 
 died from exposure and hard labor, and the burden of 
 supporting the family, in part, fell upon the lad's young 
 shoulders. An education under such circumstances was 
 almost beyond reach; yet James used his spare moments 
 in reading standard books and studying the Bible, and his 
 intense desire was in part gratified through the kindness 
 of friends helping him to get books, while his mother 
 assisted him all she could. He became a successful 
 school-teacher, having charge of the school at Lumber- 
 ville, now Port Providence, Pennsylvania, for seven con- 
 secutive years. 
 
 On September 17, 185U, he was united in marriage with 
 Mary Ann, daughter of Daniel Mosier. By this union one 
 daughter was born. In 1857 his wife died, and on April 
 11, 1861, he was married to Fanny, daughter of John Stude- 
 baker. To them were born two daughters, — Mary, the 
 older, being a missionary in India, 
 
 Brother Quinter inherited a deeply religious spirit. This 
 was tenderly developed by good association, and espe- 
 cially by the family of Abel Fitzwater, with whom he lived 
 a while. In 1831, when the revival wave was passing over 
 the country, he was deeply wrought upon and confessed 
 Christ, and was baptized in the Coventry church when sev- 
 enteen years old. His zeal for the Lord urged him for- 
 ward by leaps and bounds. A prayer meeting was or- 
 ganized, — the first in the Brotherhood, — where he wit- 
 nessed for Christ. His addresses carried such conviction 
 that he was called upon to preach before the church had 
 called him to the ministry. In 1838 he was elected min- 
 ister at a meeting held in George Price's home, and in 
 1856, by the advice of the bishops assembled at Annual 
 Meeting, he was ordained to the bishopric. After being 
 in the ministry a short while, he moved to Western Penn- 
 
 380
 
 Biographical 
 
 sylvania and took charge of the Ten Mile congregation, 
 where, during the first six months of his pastorate, some 
 sixty persons united with the church. In his day he was a 
 leading evangelist of the Brotherhood. In 1856 he accept- 
 ed a position as assistant editor to Henry Kurtz, and did 
 not cease his editorial labors till the close of his life, 
 thirty-two years later. In 1873 he became sole proprietor 
 of the " Gospel Visitor " and " Christian Family Com- 
 panion." In 1876 these were united with the " Pilgrim " 
 and published under the name " Primitive Christian." In 
 1883 this paper was united with the " Brethren at Work" 
 and published under the name " Go.spel Messenger." In 
 the last consolidation Bfother Quinter was made Editor- 
 in-chief, which position he held till his death. 
 
 He was a friend of education, even if he had had poor 
 opportunities along that line himself, and yet, despite 
 it all, did so well in life. In 1861, the Brethren having 
 bought a school property in New Vienna, Ohio, he under- 
 took to carry on a Brethren's school, which he continued 
 for three years, closing because of the panic. He gave 
 Juniata College, at Huntingdon, Pennsylvania, all the sup- 
 port he could, and, during the last nine years of his life, 
 was President of the College. It was as a preacher of 
 righteousness, while connected with the college, that the 
 student body knew Brother Quinter best. Besides his 
 editorial labors, he compiled, in 1867, a hymn book which 
 was long used by the church. He held several debates, — 
 the " Quinter and McConnell Debate," on the doctrines of 
 immersion, communion and feet-washing, and another with 
 S. P. Snyder on immersion, were his most noted ones. 
 Reports of these two debates were published in book form. 
 In 1886 he published "Trine Immersion," an able defense 
 of the doctrine from a Biblical and historical standpoint. 
 
 His heart was warm for a world evangelism, and he 
 was found identified with every aggressive effort to win 
 the world for Christ. When the plan for Foreign and Do- 
 mestic Missions was formed, in 1880, he was made a mem- 
 ber of the Committee, and then chosen as its treasurer, 
 which position he filled until the new Board was formed. 
 
 381
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 While in Conference at North Manchester, Indiana, in 
 1888, and engaged in leading the great audience in prayer, 
 the Father whom he loved and served so well, stilled his 
 tongue. When near-by brethren looked up, because of 
 the silence, they discovered the Lord had called his serv- 
 ant home. This was May 19. While the entire Brother- 
 hood mourned, his body was laid to rest in the cemetery 
 at Huntingdon, Pennsylvania. 
 
 MARY N. QUINTER 
 Missionary to India, 1903 
 
 Near New Vienna, Ohio, lived James Quinter, teaching 
 the Brethren's children. It was soon after his second 
 marriage, when Fanny J. Studebaker became his wife, 
 that he began the school. To them, on January 21, 1863, 
 Mary was born. While she was yet a child, Brother Quin- 
 ter moved his family to Columbiana, Ohio, where he edit- 
 ed the " Gospel Visitor." From this place they moved to 
 Covington, Ohio, and then to Meyersdale, Pennsylvania, 
 where Brother Quinter continued his editorial work. 
 
 Mary had a good spiritual heritage and responded to 
 its influence in 1876 when, a little over thirteen years old, 
 she confessed Christ and united with the Church of the 
 Brethren through baptism administered by C. G. Lint. 
 In the fall of the same year the family moved to Hunting- 
 don, Pennsylvania, where Sister Quinter still resides in 
 the old home. 
 
 In 1877 Mai-y entered the Normal School at Huntingdon, 
 and graduated in the class of 1883 in the Normal English 
 Course. She taught school in Pennsylvania and New Jer- 
 sey for several years. Upon the death of her father, in 
 1888, she returned home, to live with her mother. In 
 1891 she completed " Quinter's Life and Letters," an in- 
 teresting biography of her father, a book that every reader 
 prizes. In 1895 she accepted a position as librarian of 
 Juniata College, which position she filled until 1902. At 
 
 382
 
 Biographical 
 
 this time the General Mission Board called her to take up 
 mission work among the children in Chicago. This ex- 
 perience led her to offer herself for the foreign field, and 
 in 1903 she was sent to India. 
 
 On the field she has done commendable work. She has 
 the supervision of the Widows' Home at Jalalpor, — a posi- 
 tion carrying with it concern for the welfare of some of 
 the most unfortunate of India's wretched ones. She was 
 home on furlough in 1910-1911, and spent some time 
 among the churches where her messages were heard 
 gladly. 
 
 SAMUEL RIDDLESBERGER 
 
 Member of General Mission Board, 1884-1894 
 
 To Jacob and Josephine (Foreman) Riddlesberger, res- 
 idents of Waynesboro, Franklin County, Pennsylvania, 
 was born on July 1, 1823, a son whom they called Samuel. 
 He was the fourth child in a family of three sons and two 
 daughters. Poverty marked the pathway of the parents, 
 who were engaged in farming, and as soon as Samuel 
 was old enough to become a bread winner, even in a 
 small way, he was put out to work on the farm. Thus it 
 was that he received but two months' training in the 
 schoolroom, and grew up to manhood a hard-working 
 man. In 1845 he came to Franklin Grove, Illinois, and en- 
 gaged in farming. He was a successful business man and 
 farmer, seeking " to do good unto all men " and enjoyed 
 the accumulation of some property in his advanced years. 
 
 Though his parents did not confess Christ, they sought 
 to instill proper ideals into the hearts of their children. 
 Judging from Samuel's interest in church work in later 
 years, he would have been one to attend Sunday-school, 
 had there been one within reach when a young man. In 
 1849 he confessed Christ by uniting with the Church of the 
 Brethren in the Rock River congregation, near Franklin 
 Grove, Illinois, Joseph Emmert baptizing him. In 1869 
 
 383
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 he was called to the deacon's office, in which capacity he 
 was a most faithful and active man. When the church 
 took up Sunday-school work, he was a willing worker and 
 a regular attendant as long as he was able to go. 
 
 Choosing Mary A. Foreman as a life companion, they 
 were united in marriage on March 14, 1844. To them were 
 born five sons and eight daughters, of whom seven are 
 living and four have confessed Christ. 
 
 When the General Mission Board was organized, in 
 1884, he was elected a member and served ten years. 
 Though lacking in education, he was a man of tact and 
 ability that made him very valuable for the Board. On 
 December 6, 1887, he was appointed a solicitor for endow- 
 ment in Northern Illinois, and through subscription 
 brought in upwards of $50,000. In fact, he was the first 
 solicitor that brought the Board good returns for his 
 labors. His manner of approach begat confidence, and 
 more than one member asked him, "Well, Brother Rid- 
 dlesberger, how much do you think I ought to give?" 
 
 After an illness of about one year he peacefully passed 
 away, and his body was laid to rest in the Emmert ceme- 
 tery, near Franklin Grove, Illinois. 
 
 AMOS W. ROSS 
 
 Missionary to India, 1904 
 
 Robert Ross, a Clark County, Ohio, boy, came west with 
 his parents, who located on a farm near Sidney, Indiana, 
 in 1849. Here, later on, he married Susan Snell, a sister 
 to the Snell brothers, four of whom have been faithful 
 ministers in the Church of the Brethren. To Robert and 
 Susan Ross was born, on September 27, 1879, their son 
 Amos, the second child in a family of three sons and one 
 daughter. After he was ten years old he made good 
 progress in public school, though he always had to work 
 hard for all the development he gained. In 1896 he en- 
 tered Manchester College, North Manchester, Indiana, 
 
 384
 
 Plate 14 
 
 Opposite 384 
 
 S. Olive Widdowson J. I. Kaylor Mrs. J. I. Kaylor 
 
 Q. A. Holsopple Mrs. Q. A. Holsopple 
 Anna Ebj- J. F. Graybill Mrs. J. F. Graybill
 
 Biographical 
 
 and applied himself closely for two years. In 1899 he 
 took up Bible and Academic Classical Courses in Mt. 
 Morris College, Mt. Morris, Illinois, completing both 
 with the class of 1902. In 1903 he accepted a pastorate 
 at Sterling, Colorado, where, with all his ability, he began 
 to develop the congregation. He was there a little over 
 one year, during which time a chutch was erected and 
 dedicated, and a number added to the fold. At the 
 Carthage Conference, in 1904, he was invited by the 
 Board to go to India, and responded readily. 
 
 At Mt. Morris College he met Flora J. Nickey, a daugh- 
 ter of A. J. Nickey, of Nebraska, and on June 12, 1902, 
 at her home, they were united in marriage. To them have 
 been born two daughters. 
 
 Not until at Manchester College, the second year, did 
 Amos yield his heart to the Lord. He confessed Christ 
 while T. T. Myers was holding a series of meetings in the 
 college, and was baptized on January 22, 1898, by E. M. 
 Cobb. Within a year the Spring Creek congregation, oi 
 Indiana, called him to the ministry. At Mt. MoVris Col- 
 lege, through hearing Bertha Ryan, D. L. Miller, and 
 others, speak on missions, his heart was set on the for- 
 eign field. In 1901 he started the agitation which resulted 
 in the Mt. Morris College Missionary Society. This or- 
 ganization selected Daniel J. Lichty to represent them on 
 the field, obligating itself to support him. In India his 
 station has been at Vyara, where now there are a number 
 of village schools, a boarding school and a large area for 
 evangelistic work, — all under his supervision. He is just 
 home on his first furlough, and is campaigning for mis^ 
 sions. 
 
 MRS. AMOS W. ROSS, NEE FLORA NICKEY 
 
 Missionary to India, 1904 
 
 A. J. Nickey, born in Lower Cumberland Valley of 
 Pennsylvania, formerly of Oakley, Illinois, but now lo- 
 cated near Juniata, Nebraska, has always been aggressive 
 
 385
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 in missions. Mary Heckman, daughter of John and Bar- 
 bara Heckman, of Cerro Gordo, Illinois, became his wife 
 on May 2, 1880. Both have a godly heritage in their 
 parents; both have sought to transmit it to their children. 
 To them, on May 5, 1881, was born their daughter Flora, 
 the oldest child in a family of three sons and three daugh- 
 ters, of whom four are living. After public school life, 
 of which Flora made good use, she entered Mt. Morris 
 College, Mt. Morris, Illinois, in 1899, and continued nearly 
 four years. 
 
 On June 12, 1902, she was united hand and heart to 
 Amos Ross at her father's home near Juniata, Nebraska, 
 and to them have been born two daughters. 
 
 At eleven years old, while Solomon Bucklew was con- 
 ducting a series of meetings in the Oakley congregation 
 of Southern Illinois, Flora confessed Christ and was re- 
 ceived into the church by baptism. None ever entered the 
 service of the Master with a greater consecration. At 
 twelve she was teaching a Sunday-school class and has 
 been an active worker since. At college she was inter- 
 ested especially in all religious work, and there volun- 
 teered for missions. In India, with the village school 
 work, as well as boarding school under her husband's 
 care, she has many duties besides the care of the family 
 that God has given her. Her parents at home are a 
 constant stimulus to faithfulness if she needed it, but 
 she has supplemented her husband's work well and ef- 
 fectually. 
 
 COLLIN P. ROWLAND 
 
 Member of General Mission Board, 1884-1885 
 
 To John and Susan (Puterbaugh) Rowland, prosperous 
 farmers living in Cherry Grove Township, a few miles 
 north of Lanark, Carroll County, Illinois, was born on 
 October 18, 1849, a son whom they called Collin. He was 
 the second child in a family of three sons and one daugh- 
 
 386
 
 Biographical 
 
 ter. He availed himself of the training offered by the 
 common schools, but put in most of his time on the farm. 
 
 On February 6, 1873, he was united in marriage to Sa- 
 rah A., daughter of Otho. and Anna Boyd, and to them 
 were born two sons. They remained on a farm in Cherry 
 Grove Township till April 10, 1906, when they moved into 
 Lanark, Illinois, where they now reside. 
 
 While Daniel Dierdorfif and Levi Ttostle were holding 
 meetings in the Cherry Grove congregation, Collin was 
 one who confessed Christ and united with the Church of 
 the Brethren, S. Mattis administering baptism on Febru- 
 ary 20, 1874. In 1880 the congregation called him to the 
 deacon's office. Ten years later, on May 20, 1890, he was 
 elected to the ministry. He preached his first sermon on 
 June 15, 1890, in the Cherry Grove house, using for his 
 text 1 Cor. 2: 1-2. He was ordained to the bishop's office 
 May 19, 1898, Brethren I. B. Trcut and Wm. Eisenbise 
 laying on hands in the ordination. 
 
 While Northern Illinois was organizing and directing 
 the Danish mission, before 1880, he was treasurer for the 
 District, and forwarded the first thousand dollars sent 
 by the Brotherhood to foreign lands. He served as Sec- 
 retary-Treasurer of the District Mission Board of North- 
 ern Illinois and Wisconsin for twenty years. When the 
 General Mission Board was formed, in 1884, he was 
 elected a member for the short term. Of late years he 
 has taken great interest in holding series of meetings in 
 the border lands of the Brotherhood, spending much time 
 in Wisconsin, Michigan and Canada. The southern part 
 of the United States has also received considerable atten- 
 tion. 
 
 B. MARY ROYER 
 
 Missionary to India, 1913 
 
 Benjamin Royer grew up on a farm near Talmage, Lan- 
 caster County, Pennsylvania. His wife, whose maiden 
 name was Laura Buch, was a devoted Christian girl, a 
 
 387
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 member of the Evangelical Association. They were mar- 
 ried early in life and B. Mary gladdened their home Au- 
 gust 30, 1881, Seventeen months after, the mother passed 
 beyond, and Mary was taken to her Grandmother Buch, 
 a widow, to be cared for. During the winter they lived 
 in Richland, Pennsylvania, with an uncle of Mary, where 
 she received her public school education. The summers 
 were spent at Rothsville, with a great-aunt, — dreamy days 
 for Mary, as she spent her childhood under the quiet in- 
 fluences of these two elderly people. Since the age of 
 fourteen, Mary's home has been with her uncle in Rich- 
 land. Here, through her aunt, who is a member, she be- 
 came acquainted with the Church of the Brethren. Dur- 
 ing the years 1903 and '04 she worked in the bindery of 
 the Brethren Publishing House, and was an active member 
 of the Elgin congregation in Illinois. In 1907 she com- 
 pleted the English Bible Course at Elizabethtown Col- 
 lege, Elizabethtown, Pennsylvania. In 1909 she gradu- 
 ated from the Bible Teachers' Training School, of New 
 York City. She then taught Bible and English for two 
 years in Hebron Seminary, at Nokesville, Virginia. Dur- 
 ing the spring of 1913 she worked on a nurse's course at 
 Battle Creek Sanitarium in Michigan, the better to pre- 
 pare herself for her life work. 
 
 She prizes most the Christian influence of her Grand- 
 mother Buch. While her grandmother taught her Bible 
 stories, the real story of proper Christian living was 
 breathed into her soul day by day by that dear foster 
 mother. While Hiram Gibbel was holding a series of 
 meetings in the Tulpehocken congregation, in the winter 
 of 1897, Mary confessed Christ and was baptized on Christ- 
 mas Day by Brother John Herr. Her training at Eliza- 
 bethtown College, in the midst of its religious influence, 
 was the next greatest blessing in her life. She was an 
 active Sunday-school worker, taught teacher-training 
 classes both at home and in Hebron Seminary, and has 
 been a conscientious witness for Christ wherever she 
 went. She sails this fall to her chosen field of labor, to 
 do her best for the Master among India's heathen. 
 
 388
 
 Biographical 
 
 GALEN B. ROYER 
 
 Member of General Mission Board, 1910 — 
 
 J. G. Royer's ancestors are of Swiss descent. In Eu- 
 rope they were Lutherans, but for the past five genera- 
 tions, members of the Church of the Brethren. He is 
 known in the Brotherhood as an educator, — having taught 
 school for fifty years. He was President of Mt. Morris 
 College for twenty years, and is well-known as an evan- 
 gelist. Elizabeth Reiflf, who, on December 8, 1861, became 
 his wife, is of German extraction, the relationship going 
 back to the Harleys, Titlows and Stouffers of earlier 
 days. To these two, who had confessed Christ before they 
 were seventeen, were given one son and seven daugh- 
 ters, Galen B., born September 8, 1862, being the eldest. 
 His education in the public school was under his father 
 until he secured a certificate to teach. After teaching 
 country school two winter terms, he entered Juniata Col- 
 lege, Huntingdon, Pennsylvania, and graduated in the Nor- 
 mal English Course in 1883. He then entered Mt. Morris 
 College, Mt. Morris, Illinois, teaching music and contin- 
 uing his studies for one year. For several j-ears he joined 
 his father in the management of Mt. Morris College. He 
 received diplomas from the Commercial Department of 
 Mt. Morris College and the Northern Indiana Business 
 Institute, Valparaiso, in 1887. He was principal of the 
 Commercial Department of Mt. Morris College two years. 
 In 1889 he was appointed assistant to D. L. Miller, Sec- 
 retary of the General Mission Board. In 1890 he was 
 elected Secretary of the Board. About 1893 he resigned 
 his position in Mt. Morris College, to give needed time 
 to the work of the Mission Board. He also acted as 
 General Agent for D. L. Miller's " Wanderings in Bible 
 Lands." In addition to his regular duties as Secretary of 
 the General Mission Board, he was head bookkeeper of 
 the Publishing House when the publishing interests came 
 under the control of the Board, 1897, continuing in that 
 work for three years. In 1906, as architect and superin- 
 tendent of construction, he erected the north half of the 
 
 389
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 present Publishing House building. On May 26, 1900, he 
 was elected Treasurer of the General Mission Board. 
 
 On March 5, 1885, Galen was united in marriage to Anna 
 M., a daughter of Abram Miller, of Washington County, 
 Maryland, and a sister of D. L. Miller, well known in the 
 Brotherhood, whose fatherly help thfough the years had 
 been most unusual. To them have been born two sons 
 and four daughters, Mrs. Kathren Holsopple, the third 
 child, serving the Lord in India. 
 
 To his godly parents Galen owes much in his spiritual 
 life. When eleven years old, while Joseph Leedy was con- 
 ducting a revival in the high school room at Burnetts 
 Creek, Indiana, he confessed Christ, and by baptism, ad- 
 ministered by John S. Snowberger, united with the Church 
 of the Brethren on February 22, 1874. During his college 
 days he was Sunday-school teacher and superintendent; 
 by the Mt. Morris congregation. Northern Illinois, called 
 to the ministry on March 9, 1889, and advanced on March 
 8, 1890; in the Elgin congregation, Northern Illinois, on 
 July 9, 1907, he was ordained to the bishopric by the lay- 
 ing on of hands by E. B. Hoff and Callo Fahrney. The 
 oversight of the Elgin congregation was placed in his 
 hands from January 1, 1S)08, to May 1, 1913. He always 
 rejoiced to engage in evangelistic labors, when oppor- 
 tunity permitted. He represented Northern Illinois and 
 Wisconsin on the Standing Committee of Annual Meet- 
 ing of 1910 at Winona Lake, and served as Reading Clerk 
 of that Meeting. He was a member of the Committee 
 framing the " Dress Report," adopted at the St. Joseph, 
 Missouri, Conference of 1911. He visited the churches of 
 Europe in 1907, in company with Chas. D. Bonsack, a 
 nine weeks' trip; again in 1910, with his wife, a five 
 months' trip. The Conference of 1913 appointed him to 
 visit the churches of China and India in company with 
 H. C. Early. 
 
 He is author of twelve volumes of " Bible Biographies 
 for the Young." He edited the " Missionary Visitor " 
 from its beginning till April 11, 1912. With D. L. Miller 
 he is joint author of " Some Who Led." 
 
 390
 
 Biographical 
 
 SAMUEL D. ROYER 
 Member of Book and Tract Work, 1885-1894 
 
 In Buffalo Valley, Union County, Pennsylvania, there 
 lived a godly man, Jacob Royer. His wife, Susanna, was 
 a daughter of John and Susanna (Eikenberry) Myers. 
 His activities in the church in' his day made him easily 
 a recognized leader. To Jacob and Susanna were born 
 five sons and two daughters. Samuel, born on June 3, 
 1840, was the seventh child in the family. They had a 
 good farm in the valley and prospered. Samuel enjoyed 
 the work of the farm and did not avail himself of more 
 schooling than the common schools offered him. In 
 May, 1864, he moved to Darke County, Ohio, and finally 
 settled on a farm north of Bradford, in Miami County, 
 where he and his family still reside. 
 
 Mary, a daughter of Joseph Mummert, became his 
 wife on December 19, 1865, and to this union was born one 
 daughter. 
 
 When Samuel was but eighteen years old, — October, 
 1858, — he confessed Christ and by baptism, administered 
 by Isaac Myers, united with the Church of the Brethren. 
 He was always willing to do all within his ability for 
 the church. He led the advanced effort for Sunday-school 
 and mission work where he lived. In 1878 he was called 
 to the deacon's office by the Harris Creek congrega- 
 tion and so faithfully proved himself a servant, that in 
 November, 1885, the same congregation elected him to 
 the ministry, and in 1888, advanced him to the second 
 degree. 
 
 His services on the Book and Tract Work were appre- 
 ciated, for he was one of the first appointed, given a three- 
 year term to begin with, and was reappointed as long as 
 the organization existed. During the nine years he missed 
 but one meeting of the Committee. He rejoices over the 
 work accomplished, and his services brought him many 
 spiritual blessings. 
 
 391
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 SAMUEL F. SANGER 
 Member of General Mission Board, 1893-1901, 1903-1906 
 
 Near Harrisonburg, Virginia, this youngest son of John 
 and Elizabeth Sanger was born on February 4, 1849. His 
 mother was a daughter of the German pioneer preacher, 
 John Flory, who made two trips to Ohio on horseback, 
 and labored among the churches in the Miami Valley 
 about one hundred years ago. Reared on the farm, edu- 
 cated in the public schools in a rather limited way, and 
 stirred by the horrors of the Civil War, Samuel finally 
 reached his manhood. When twenty years of age, he 
 made a trip as far west as Kansas and Nebraska, and 
 while in Iowa, among some relatives, taught one term of 
 school in the Prairie schoolhouse, about two miles east 
 of South English, Iowa. After returning to Virginia, he 
 taught three terms more. In 1874 he located at Luray, 
 Virginia, and joined Dr. W. S. Cline in the drug business. 
 In a short time he bought out his partner, moved the busi- 
 ness to Bridgewater, and there carried on a drug and 
 general merchandise store for about twenty years. In 
 1896 he moved to Calverton and later to Manassas, Vir- 
 ginia. In December, 1899, he located at South Bend, In- 
 diana, where he engaged in the manufacture of medicines. 
 In 1910 he moved his family to Empire, a new colony in 
 Northern California, which he helped to organize and es- 
 tablish. 
 
 In 1872 he was married to Rebecca Thomas, who died 
 about eighteen months after, leaving him a little daugh- 
 ter. In 1875 he married Susan A. Thomas, a sister of his 
 former wife, who died in 1898, leaving him four children. 
 October 3, 1899, he was married to Matilda Beachy, nee 
 Yoder, of Elk Lick, Pennsylvania. 
 
 When but sixteen and one-half years old he united with 
 the church, Solomon Garber baptizing him on August 30, 
 1865. In 1873 he was elected deacon; in 1876 he was 
 called to the ministry, two years later advanced to the 
 second degree and in 1892 ordained to the bishopric. He 
 
 392
 
 Biographical 
 
 presided over the Midland congregation, Viiginia, three 
 years; the Nokesville congregation, Virginia, two years. 
 He gave much time to church work in the Shenandoah 
 Valley, Eastern Virginia, and the mountain mission fields 
 near by. After moving to Indiana, he had oversight of 
 some four congregations, besides taking an active part in 
 building up the congregation in South Bend. Five times 
 he served as Moderator of District Meeting in Northern 
 Indiana, five times as member of Standing Committee of 
 Conference, twice as its Moderator, and once as Reading 
 Clerk. He was one of the first trustees of Bridgewater 
 College, and served as its first Secretary. He was also a 
 trustee of Manchester College, in Indiana, and President 
 of the Board of Trustees for a number of years. He was 
 a member of a number of committees, of which the fram- 
 ing of the constitution, governing the church's Educa- 
 tional Board, is worthy of special mention. 
 
 In 1893 he was elected a member of the General Mis- 
 sion Board and rendered faithful and conscientious serv- 
 ice for ten years. Of the work of the General Mission 
 Board he has this to say in May, 1913: 
 
 During the time I was connected with the General 
 Mission Board I had the privilege of seeing much of 
 its work, from the beginning of our mission work in the 
 foreign fields and the rapid strides which have been made 
 in so short a time, as well as the changes which have 
 been made in our publishing interests. 
 
 I recall, with some sense of humility, the time when 
 our first missionaries for the India field came before 
 the Board, and by them were presented to the Standing 
 Committee, at Meyersdale, Pennsylvania, in 1894. There 
 was no small amount of misgivings about so great an 
 undertaking, as well as some rather injudicious criti- 
 cisms. 
 
 As I now look back over the ten years of my connec- 
 tion with the Board, and see the increased number of 
 workers who have been sent into the field, from time to 
 time, as well as the noble support given them by the 
 church, I am more than surprised. 
 
 I also recall, with pleasure, the work of the publishing 
 interests of the church, and when I think of the small 
 two-story frame building, with some five or six rooms, 
 located on one corner of the campus at Mt. Morris Col- 
 
 393
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 lege, in which about all our printing was done, less than 
 fifteen years ago, and now consider the large, well- 
 equipped Publishing House at Elgin, Illinois, with the 
 increased business of the House, I recall the predictions, 
 freely made of its failure, should the church attempt to 
 own and control this business. 
 
 The Brotherhood should ever appreciate the careful- 
 ness with which the Mission Board has conducted her 
 missionary and publishing interests, not overlooking the 
 fact that so. much of this work had to pass through the 
 experimental stages. All these years of labor by this 
 Board has been done without any compensation for time, 
 but not without sacrifice by its members, although cheer- 
 fully done. 
 
 MRS. HARVEY F. SHIRK, NEE BERTHA RYAN 
 Missionary to India, 1894 to 1900 
 
 In 1887 Jacob S. Ryan and his wife, Polly C. Grove, both 
 members of other denominations, united with the Church 
 of the Brethren. Soon after Brother Ryan was called to 
 the ministry and served the church well until his death. 
 To them was given the joy of four girls, Bertha, the sec- 
 ond, being born December 18, 1872, on a farm near Alvo, 
 Nebraska. Bertha attended school in the country and 
 after thirteen years of age worked in some one's kitchen 
 during vacations, so as to earn money for books and 
 clothes. At sixteen she was possessor of a certificate to 
 teach school, but took another year of training in the 
 Greenwood high school. Then she taught two terms, 
 spent the winter of 1890-'91 at Mt. Morris College, Mt. 
 Morris, Illinois, taught a few terms, entered McPherson 
 College, McPherson, Kansas and spent a year; then, at 
 the invitation of Alice J. Boone, she worked in the chil- 
 dren's mission in Chicago one year. 
 
 At the age of seventeen she confessed Christ. It was 
 while attending school in Greenwood, during a Methodist 
 revival that Bertha confessed Christ. She was born anew 
 on April 9, 1889, G. W. Stambaugh administering baptism. 
 She was fervent in prayer, loved quiet meditation, and 
 
 394
 
 Biographical 
 
 rejoiced in her Lord. While at McPherson, the idea of 
 consecrating her life to missions was definitely formed and 
 she was approved as a missionary by the Conference of 
 1894 at Meyersdale, Pennsylvania, to go out with Brother 
 and Sister Stover. In India she endeared herself to the 
 people because of her heart touch in her labors. It was 
 Bertha who made the two fi'rst trips into the Central 
 Provinces during the famine and brought back a party 
 of orphans each time, thus forming the nucleus of that 
 splendid orphanage work of India. She began a Sunday- 
 school movement among English-speaking children that 
 stirred the opposition of the Catholics, and had to be 
 closed. Upon her return on furlough, in 1900, she wrote 
 the appeal for help for suffering India, which brought forth 
 the largest offering the Brotherhood ever made at one 
 time for one cause. 
 
 While at home on furlough, she was united in marriage 
 to Harvey F. Shirk, on August 7, 1900. They entered a 
 medical college in Los Angeles, California, with a view 
 of better preparation for the field. After a year in school 
 their plans were changed, and they now reside at Elgin, 
 Oklahoma. God has given them two sons and three 
 daughters, and it is the fond hope of the mother that 
 some day one or more of her children will take her place 
 in the field on which she was not permitted to continue. 
 
 IDA C. SHUMAKER 
 
 Missionary to India, 1910 
 
 To Alexander E. and Lydia Elizabeth (Lint) Shumaker 
 were given two sons and four daughters, of whom Ida C, 
 the fourth child, was born October 27, 1873, in Meyers- 
 dale, Somerset County, Pennsylvania. Ida attended the 
 public school of the village and on May 7, 1889, was one 
 of the two members of the first class to graduate there- 
 from. At once she began to teach in the primary depart- 
 ment of her home village school, and continued with ever- 
 
 395
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 increasing success for twenty-one consecutive terms. Dur- 
 ing this time she taught a model school for three sum- 
 mers, and during another summer gave lectures to 
 teachers. 
 
 WTien but twelve years old, while attending a revival 
 in the Meyersdale congregation, conducted bj- John S. 
 Flory, she confessed Christ and united with the Church of 
 the Brethren by baptism administered by him. This 
 opened a new field of service, into which she threw her 
 whole heart. From childhood, for thirty-one years, she 
 missed only two Sundays from Sunday-school, — one when 
 she was sick and the other on account of high waters. 
 When but eleven years of age, she took charge of the 
 infant class in the Sunday-school, kept it, and taught the 
 scholars to the point when all but two of those enrolled 
 had confessed Christ. At the time of her appointment for 
 India she had charge of the Primary and Beginners' De- 
 partment of the Meyersdale Sunday-school, and was home 
 department visitor to twenty-nine members, to reach all 
 of whom more than ten miles had to be traveled. 
 She edited the Primary Department of the "Breth- 
 ren Teachers' Monthly," and besides had time to visit 
 the sick and unfortunate at home. At our Annual Con- 
 ferences she was much in demand on Sunday-school day. 
 She has always received more calls than she could an- 
 swer at conventions of Sunday-schools, public schools 
 and general church gatherings. In 1909 she was one of 
 the speakers at the Pennsylvania State Sunday-school 
 Convention. At the Somerset County Sunday-school Con- 
 vention, held at Windber, where Jacob Riis, of New 
 York, the noted lecturer, met her, and saw her work with 
 children, he remarked that he had met two persons who 
 knew how to handle children. 
 
 After her appointment to India, she dropped all these 
 lines of endeavor as rapidly as possible, and in company 
 with R. D. Murphy, District Secretary, toured the schools 
 of Western Pennsylvania in behalf of her mission to 
 India. 
 
 396
 
 Biographical 
 
 In the fall of 1910 she sailed to India and since has 
 been working in the Girls' Orphanage at Bulsar. None 
 is happier in service than Ida, and of none is labor more 
 appreciated than hers. 
 
 WILBUR B. STOVER 
 Missionary to India, 1894 
 
 The families of Jacob A. and Mary Lesher Stover were 
 tillers of the soil for many generations. And while these 
 two were living on the Poplar Spring farm, near Green- 
 castle, Pennsylvania, on May 5, 1866, their son Wilbur, 
 the first of four sons that gladdened their hearts, was 
 born. The firstborn died in infancy. About three months 
 after his birth the parents united with the Church of the 
 Brethren, and in less than a year Jacob was called to the 
 ministry. School-days were full of interest to Wilbur, 
 and he sought to make good use of them. But in 1875, 
 through the death of his father, the care of the family- fell 
 to the lone mother. She kept the boys together till Wil- 
 bur found work, driving a milk wagon for his uncle, and 
 going to school in winter. Xext he worked on a farm 
 and then worked for his board during the winter, so that 
 he might continue in school. But he proved equal to the 
 task. In night school, while working all day. and through 
 other avenues, he pressed forward. In 1879 the family 
 moved to Dupage County, Illinois, and from here, in 
 1884, Wilbur entered Mt. Morris College, Mt. Morris, 
 Illinois, first completing the Commercial Course in 1SS5, 
 and then the Academic Classical Course with the class of 
 1889. and the Seminary Course with the class of 1891. 
 
 While in college, he formed the acquaintance of Mary 
 Emmert, a daughter of John Emmert, of Northern Illi- 
 nois, and on June 29, 1893. they were united in marriage. 
 To them have been given three sons and two daughters, 
 the two oldest of whom have confessed Christ as their 
 Savior. 
 
 397
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 While attending school at Mt. Morris, and during a 
 series of meetings in the chapel, conducted by E. A. Orr, 
 Wilbur confessed Christ and was baptized by D. E. Price 
 on March 8, 1885, in the little stream about two miles 
 east of town. He came whole-hearted and became active 
 as a Christian at once. In the autumn of 1885 he was 
 elected superintendent of the primary department of the 
 Sunday-school. In March, 1891, the Mt. Morris con- 
 gregation called him to the ministry. In 1894 the An- 
 tietam congregation, of Pennsylvania, advanced him to 
 the second degree; and in India, at Bulsar, in April, 1901, 
 he was ordained to the bishopric by the laying on of 
 hands by S. N. McCann and D. L. Forney. With him 
 accepting Christ was to accept the Master's commission 
 to go. Missions at once became his daily theme. Whether 
 he spoke in prayer meeting, literary society, or in the 
 quiet walk, for exercise, there flowed a constant stream of 
 pleading for missions from his heart. In 1892 he accepted 
 the pastorate of the Germantown congregation of Penn- 
 sylvania. Here he remained one year, meanwhile taking 
 special work in Temple College. Then he took up a 
 campaign of developing missionary sentiment for India, 
 so that some one could go. The Conference of 1894, at 
 Meyersdale, approved of him for India. The following 
 fall, he with his wife and Sister Ryan, started on the 
 first missionary trip to real heathen soil. All was new, — 
 man, field, experience. After some time in Bombay, the 
 party wisely located at Bulsar, and opened up work. Until 
 June, 1907, Bulsar was Brother Stover's station and then 
 the field committee transferred him to Ankleshwer, where 
 his work has been most effectual. In a way he has been 
 father to the work in India and the story of his life is 
 almost the story of India missions. During his first fur- 
 lough home, in 1902, he toured the Brotherhood with an 
 enthusiasm that seemed to know no bounds. He served 
 on the Standing Committee at Harrisbu'rg, Pennsylvania, 
 representing India; on his second furlough, soon closing, 
 he again represented India on the Standing Committee at 
 Winona Lake, Indiana. In 1893 he wrote a little book 
 
 398
 
 Biographical 
 
 entitled " Charlie Newcomer," that had a good circulation 
 and touched many a heart. On his first furlough he pub- 
 lished " India a Problem " that has done great good for 
 missions in the church. On his last furlough he prepared 
 a mission study book by invitation of the Sunday-school 
 Board, entitled " Missions and the Church." Brother 
 and Sister Stover return in the after-part of the summer, 
 leaving two and perhaps three of their children in the 
 homeland to be educated. 
 
 MRS. WILBUR B. STOVER, NEE MARY EMMERT 
 Missionary to India, 1894 
 
 To John and Catherine Zollers Emmert, living on a 
 farm north of Mt. Carroll, Carroll County, Illinois, were 
 given a son and a daughter, Mary was born on November 
 4, 1871. Her father was a faithful bishop in Northern 
 Illinois and in his prime the Arnold's Grove congregation, 
 ovet which he was overseer, was one of the largest in 
 the District. Mary attended school in Mt. Carroll until 
 she was fifteen years old and in September, 1887, entered 
 Mt. Morris College, Mt. Morris, Illinois, where she com- 
 pleted the preparatory course with the class of 1890. She 
 returned ior one year of college work afterwards. 
 
 On June 29, 1893, she was united in marriage to Wilbur 
 B. Stover, and to them have been born three sons and 
 two daughters. 
 
 Mary received strong spiritual tendencies from her par- 
 ents, but not until she was sixteen, and while at Mt. 
 Morris College, did she confess Christ. One Thursday 
 evening the Lord found her in prayer meeting. At the 
 close of the service J. G. Royer shook hands with her 
 in such a manner that she feared he would ask her to be 
 a Christian. Hurrying to her room, she struggled, gave 
 up, and that evening yet, with heir roommate, — now Mrs. 
 M. M. Sherrick, — sought Brother Royer and confessed 
 her Lord. The following Sunday, at Silver Creek, through 
 
 399
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 baptism administered by Joseph Amick, she united with 
 the Church of the Brethren in the Mt. Morris congrega- 
 tion. At once she became a Sunday-school teacher. She 
 sought diligently to make up for the lost years of her life 
 and took a lively interest in all religious exercises, seek- 
 ing to do her part with characteristic humility. 
 
 She was happy to share, with her husband, the hard- 
 ships and trials, disappointments and joys of opening a 
 new mission in' India. She has ably supplemented her hus- 
 band's efforts, and has proved a wise counselor in his 
 work. She has the many qualities needful to be called 
 the " mother of the India church," and her relation to 
 the kingdom in India, as well as her service and sacri- 
 fice for it, from the very beginning, entitles her to the des- 
 ignation. She is now on her second furlough, passing 
 through one of the greatest trials of her life as she is 
 planning to leave, in the homeland, at least her two oldest 
 children, to be educated while she will return with her 
 husband to India, faithfully to stand by his side. 
 
 LEWIS W. TEETER 
 
 Member of General Mission Board, 1897-1903; 1906-1912 
 
 Daniel U. Teeter, of German extraction, was born in 
 Miami County, Ohio, and came to Wayne County at 
 about the age o.f ten. He was a successful sawyer and 
 miller. His wife, Sarah Shultz, a native of Bedford 
 County, Pennsylvania, came to Wayne County, Indiana, 
 when about eight years old. Both united with the Church 
 of the Brethren in the Nettle Creek congregation, the 
 mother in 1845 and the father in 1849. The family settled 
 near Hagerstown, where, on October 15, 1845, Lewis, their 
 second child in a family of three sons and four daugh- 
 ters, was born. It was through close application, in those 
 early days, that a living was made in the saw-milling 
 business. Lewis was kept in school, both public and 
 subscription, about six months each year until fourteen, 
 then three and four months until 1865, when he attended 
 
 400
 
 Plate 15 
 
 Opposite 400 
 
 B. Mary Royer 
 
 F. J. Wampler, M. D. 
 
 Anna V. Blough 
 
 H. B. Heisev Mrs. H. B. Heisey 
 
 Mrs. P. J. Wampler Mr. & Mrs. E. Vaniman 
 O. G. Brubaker, M. D. Mrs. O. G. Brubaker
 
 Biographical 
 
 the New Castle Academy for fifteen weeks. Then, having 
 a bent of mind for an education, he pursued, by private 
 study, for a number of years, a course under the direc- 
 tion of professors in the Hagerstown schools, and other 
 educators. Thus he developed his ability to a very com- 
 mendable extent. He has always lived within the town- 
 ship in which he was born. During the years 1873-75 he 
 followed teaching; from 1875 to 76 he was busy in a saw- 
 mill and machine shops. 
 
 He was united in marriage on October 28, 1866, to Nancy 
 Ellen, the daughter of David Bowman. To them were 
 born one son, who died in infancy, and one daughter who, 
 after being married for a few yeats, was called to the bet- 
 ter world, leaving an only grandchild to comfort Brother 
 and Sister Teeter's declining years. 
 
 During a series of meetings, held in the Nettle Creek 
 congregation of Indiana, under the preaching of Hiel 
 Hamilton and Samuel Murray, Lewis confessed Christ and 
 was baptized by George R. Baker, of Iowa, on January 
 6, 1868. Lewis gave his all, — time and talent, — to the 
 Lord. Musically inclined, he was a splendid violinist. At 
 first he consecrated the instrument to sacred music only, 
 but, as the years passed by, he laid the instrument aside, 
 not using it even for the dear Master's sake. The con- 
 gregation recognized his consecration, and on January 11, 
 1869, elected him church clerk, which position he held un- 
 til about 1885. On August 7, 1869, he was called to the 
 deacon's office. Here he served till September 9, 1876, 
 when he was chosen to the ministry. He preached his 
 first sermon on October 27, in the Stony Creek congre- 
 gation of the Southern District of Indiana, from Romans 
 1: 16, and since that day has never declined to preach 
 when invited, unless some other religious engagement 
 prevented him. He has been a successful evangelist. On 
 December 13, 1879, he was advanced to the second de- 
 gree, and on October IS, 1885, ordained to the bishopric 
 through the laying on of hands by Jacob Reiff and Hi- 
 ram Branscom. The same day he was given the over- 
 sight of the Nettle Creek congregation, which position 
 
 401
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 he still occupies. During the time of his oversight the 
 church has prospered. 
 
 Not only has he been employed as bishop of his con- 
 gregation, but in larger fields he has also bee« called to 
 serve. He has been Moderator of his District Meeting 
 twelve times and Writing Clerk eleven times. He has 
 also served on many different committees in the District. 
 He served his State District a number of years as evan- 
 gelist; represented it on Standing Committee eleven years; 
 was Reading Clerk of Conference twice, and Moderator 
 once. He has served on many church committees for the 
 Brotherhood, among the more important being: "On 
 Church Property," " Gospel Messenger Advisory," 
 " Tract Examining," and the General Mission Board. 
 
 In 1894 he published a " Commentary on the New Tes- 
 tament," that has been stronglj' commended for its sound, 
 doctrinal teaching. From 1896 to 1901 he prepared and 
 edited the "Advanced Sunday-school Quarterly" of the 
 Church of the Brethren. 
 
 On the General Mission Board no one was a clearer ex- 
 pounder of the legal phases of a perplexing question which 
 was before the Board sometimes, than he. Often, when 
 the Board was perplexed, his analysis cleared the minds 
 of the others, and quick and correct action followed. His 
 words, in relation to the Board's work, carry unusual 
 weight. He writes thus in May, 1913: 
 
 My twelve years' experience on the Board were almost 
 universal. Almost every phase of missionary operations 
 and every form of missionary problem, have, in those 
 years, been unloaded upon the Board for development and 
 solution. As to the business methods, financial and other- 
 wise, adopted and used by the Board, they have been 
 proven most reliable, and are worthy of the confidence of 
 the church in general. As to the responsibility of the 
 Board to the church, as her missionary agency, it is ex- 
 ceedingly great. When it is considered how many are the 
 great perplexities that the Board must meet and adjust, 
 as best it can. to the glory of God, — much of which the 
 general church can know very little about. — it becomes 
 quite apparent that the Board needs the tenderest sym- 
 pathy and the most fervent prayer of the church con- 
 stantly. 
 
 402
 
 Biographical 
 
 ALBERT W. VANIMAN 
 Missionary to Sweden, 1900 to 1905 
 
 To Daniel and Maria (Kimmel) Vaniman on August 25, 
 1859, was born their only son, Albert, while the family 
 was living on a farm near Dayton, Ohio. Soon after 
 the mother died. His father married again, and by this 
 second marriage there were five sons and one daughter. 
 Albert's parents were earnest Christian people, and Al- 
 bert was not only a dutiful son, but very eager to secure 
 a good education. The common school was passed with 
 credit, and when Mt. Morris College, Mt. Morris, Illinois, 
 was opened, in 1879, Albert was one of the first to enroll. 
 He sought to develop a strong physique on the farm dur- 
 ing his youth but in spite of all, his efforts did not over- 
 come some inherited tendencies which ultimately brought 
 on his early death. 
 
 While at Mt. Morris College he met Sister Alice Moore, 
 to whom he was united in marriage June 18, 1882. To- 
 gether they continued school work at McPherson Col- 
 lege, McPherson, Kansas. Then, in order to better fit 
 themselves to serve their fellows, they took a course in 
 medicine in the Kansas Medical College, Topeka, Kan- 
 sas, graduating in the spring of 1896. He served for five 
 years as Business Manager of McPherson College. 
 
 Albert's father was a leading spirit in Southern Illi- 
 nois and an active Sunday-school worker. When but 
 fourteen years old, Albert responded to the call of the 
 Lord and united with the Church of the Brethren in the 
 Pleasant Hill congregation, John Metzger administering 
 the rite of baptism. On September 6, 1884, he was called 
 to the ministry, while living in St. Louis, Missouri. In 
 due time he was advanced to the second degree, and in 
 1899 ordained to the bishopric. Brethren Neher and Ten- 
 nison laying on hands in the ordination. He was a ready 
 worker where opportunity seemed to open to him. He 
 and his wife answered the call for workers in India in 1892, 
 and were accepted by the Conference of 1894. Then, be- 
 
 403
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 cause only three were to be sent, they resigned in favor 
 o.f Brother Stover and wife. Bro. Vaniman was sent by 
 the General Mission Board, 1885, into Texas where he 
 spent three years in missions. For a time he was the 
 only minister in the State, and here he continued until 
 he was permitted to assist two congregations to organize. 
 When the General Mission Board wanted some one to 
 study the possibilities of a mission to the colored people 
 in the South, Brother and Sister Vaniman were asked to 
 locate at Atlanta, Georgia, and report on the prospects. 
 In 1900 a missionary was greatly needed in Sweden. 
 They answered the call and did acceptable work there for 
 five years. Failing health finally compelling them to re- 
 turn to America, they made their home in Southern Cali- 
 fornia. But the dread disease, consumption, maintained 
 its grip upon Bro. Vaniman and he finally succumbed to 
 its ravages March 14, 1908. His body is at rest in the 
 cemetery at Raisin, California, 
 
 MRS. ALICE MOORE VANIMAN 
 Missionary to Sweden, 1900 to 1905 
 
 David C. Moore was reared on the farm in Rocking- 
 ham County, Virginia. His parents were Lutherans. He 
 was united in marriage to Sarah Will, whose parents were 
 Methodists. After their marriage on October 7, 1841, 
 both united with the Church of the Brethren in the 
 Roanoke congregation, Virginia. To them were born 
 six daughters and four sons, of whom the youngest, — 
 Sarah Alice, — gladdened their home while the family 
 lived on tlte farm in Cass County, Illinois. She took ad- 
 vantage o.f the common school training eagerly, and when 
 a young woman attended Mt. Morris College. 
 
 On June 18, 1882, while living near Lanark, Illinois, 
 with her aged parents who, at that time, were residing 
 east of that city, she was united in marriage to Al- 
 bert W. Vaniman. Together the couple attended Mc- 
 
 404
 
 Biographical 
 
 Pherson College, broadening their training. Later they 
 entered the Kansas Medical College, where both gradu- 
 ated in 1896. 
 
 In early life the spirit of devotion was manifest, and 
 at the tender age of twelve, Alice was received into the 
 Church of the Brethren in the Rockingham congrega- 
 tion, of Missouri, S. B. Shirky administering baptism. 
 She sought to develop a deep, spiritual life, and ably sec- 
 onded her husband's effort in frontier church life, first 
 in Texas and the Southwest, then among the colored 
 people in Georgia. In 1900, when she and her husband 
 were sent to Sweden, she took a lively interest in visit- 
 ing and working among the members both in Denmark 
 and Sweden, though their home was in Malmo, Sweden. 
 Her life has been marked with a constant desire to help 
 some one, and she has always been glad to respond to 
 every call within her ability. 
 
 On account of her husband's failing health, they re- 
 turned from Sweden in 1905, and located in California, 
 where her husband passed away on March 14, 1908. She 
 now resides in Pasadena, California, where she is seeking 
 to do for the Lord what her hands find to do, 
 
 DANIEL VANIMAN 
 
 Member of Mission Board, 1884-1894 
 
 Jacob Vaniman was a farmer in Montgomery County, 
 Ohio, who was united in marriage to Mary Bowman. 
 To them were given five sons to gladden their home. 
 Daniel, born on February 4, 1835, was the youngest child. 
 Hard work on the farm, when old enough, and meager 
 educational advantages, were the limit of his opportuni- 
 ties in youth. Yet his eagerness to know enabled him to 
 pick up what he could, until he was qualified to teach, and 
 by this vocation pursued his studies further, with greater 
 satisfaction. In 1864 he located with his family near Vir- 
 den, in Macoupin County, Illinois, and successfully carried 
 
 405
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 on farming. Later he identified himself with McPherson 
 College interests, and located in McPherson, Kansas, in 
 1889, where he resided till the close of his life. 
 
 On September 2, 1858, he was united in marriage to 
 Maria, daughter of John and Esther Kimmel, and to them 
 was born one son, who became a missionary to Sweden. 
 On June 2, 1860, the wife died of hasty consumption, and 
 on February 28, 1861, he was married to Elizabeth, daugh- 
 ter of Daniel and Hannah Stutzman. To them were born 
 five sons and one daughter. 
 
 Brother Vaniman's parents sought proper ideals for 
 their children, but Daniel did not confess Christ until in 
 the spring of 1859, when he and his wife united with the 
 Church of the Brethren. He was a man of much practical 
 good sense and native ability, which soon made him a 
 leader amo.ng his fellows. The Macoupin Creek congre- 
 gation, of Southern Illinois, called him to the ministry on 
 April 8, 1865, advanced him to the second degree on May 
 29, 1866, and in the same congregation, on September 15, 
 1876, he was ordained to the bishopric by the laying on 
 of hands by David Frantz and John Metzger. He was 
 always active in the ministry and was gone on many trips 
 in behalf of the church. He was a leader in the Sunday- 
 school movement, and a strong advocate in its behalf 
 when the Brotherhood had not endorsed them. Six times 
 he represented his District on the Standing Committee, 
 «ind thrice he was Moderator of Annual Meeting. He es- 
 tablished the precedent at Conference, — not observed be- 
 fore this, — that the Moderator was to moderate and not 
 to make speeches. 
 
 He was a warm friend of education. He sent his chil- 
 dren to Mt. Morris College, Mt. Morris, Illinois. He was 
 a regular contributor to the church publications and his 
 "Chips from the Workhouse" came from many a "log" 
 of wide experience, close observation and wise conclusions. 
 
 Conference placed him on many committees, where he 
 served the Brotherhood well. Perhaps the most impor- 
 tant one is the framing of the missionary plan, adopted 
 in 1884, which was practically all his production. He also 
 
 406
 
 Biographical 
 
 helped to form the plan for the Book and Tract Work, in 
 1885. In 1884 he was made a member of the General 
 Mission Board, In 1885 he was elected its President, 
 which position he held until 1894. During his service on 
 the Board, business was done with dispatch, and showed 
 wisdom. He greatly interested himself ia the develop- 
 ment of the India missionary movement and really might 
 be called the father of our India Missions. When, in 
 1897, the time was ripe that the Board should own and 
 control the publishing interests, he raised the necessary 
 $50,000 for its purchase among liberal brethren in the 
 Brotherhood. He served as Traveling Secretary for the 
 Board many years, raised a large endowment, preached 
 multiplied sermons on missions, and developed much sen- 
 timent in favor of world-wide missionary endeavor. He 
 wrote several tracts, — the one most largely circulated 
 being " The House We Live In." 
 
 Previous to his departure he had been in good health 
 all summer, worked about his home and enjoyed life. 
 On November 15, 1903, he attended young people's meet- 
 ing in the evening at the college. Upon his return home 
 he took sick, and in less than half an hour fell asleep in 
 Jesus, to awaken in that blessed morning. His body was 
 laid to rest in the McPherson cemetery. 
 
 ERNEST D. VANIMAN 
 
 Missionary to China, 1913 
 
 On a farm near Olathe, Johnson County, Kansas, lived 
 J. P. and Diana (Brubaker) Vaniman, in 1883, when on 
 November 24, their son Ernest, the third child of four 
 sons and two daughters, was born. When two years old, 
 the family moved to Rice County, Kansas, and located on 
 a farm near Lyons. At four, Ernest began going to 
 school, and has been in the school-room as scholar or 
 teacher ever since. At fifteen he entered McPherson Col- 
 
 407
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 lege, McPherson, Kansas, and in the spring of 1904 com- 
 pleted the Normal Course, and had taken one year com- 
 mercial work. During the next four years he spent two 
 in teaching country schools, one as teacher in the grades 
 at McPherson, and one as principal of the Inman schools. 
 Then he reentered McPherson College, and in 1911 com- 
 pleted the Bachelor of Arts Course. Having moved to 
 Lordsburg, California, he spent one year teaching Sci- 
 ence and the Bible in Lordsburg, College, Here, during 
 the last year, he pursued advanced work on the Bible, 
 until a position in the Manual Training Department of 
 the Pasadena city schools was tendered him. 
 
 On May 19, 1909, he was united in marriage to Susie 
 Cordelia, daughter of Noah G. Neher. To them was 
 born a son, who soon left them for glory. 
 
 It was through the tender leading of both a father and 
 mother that Ernest, at the age of twelve, when J. J. 
 Yoder was holding a series of meetings in the Kansas Cen- 
 ter congregation of Kansas, in the month of November, 
 1895, confessed Christ and, with a playmate in school, 
 united with the Church of the Brethren. Some of his 
 greatest spiritual growth he attributes to the Young Men's 
 Christian Association work in McPherson College while 
 he was in school there. The requirement of daily Bible 
 study, and the " Morning Watch " have become a habit 
 with him, have deepened his spiritual life, and given him 
 many joys. As a leader of song service, in a number of 
 revivals, he has been greatly helped. In April, 1909, he 
 was called to the ministry in the McPherson congregation, 
 and in 1911 advanced to the second degree. 
 
 He and his wife were not at the Conference of 1913, 
 at Winona, when their names were submitted and were 
 approved. They go to the China field this coming fall, 
 full of hope that the Lord will use them graciously for 
 his kingdom. 
 
 408
 
 Biographical 
 
 MRS. ERNEST D. VANIMAN, NEE SUSIE COR- 
 DELIA NEHER 
 
 Missionary to China, 1913 
 
 To Noah G. Neher, farmer by occupation, and a faith- 
 ful deacon in the Church of the Brethren for many years, 
 and his wife, Mary Florence (Blickenstafif) Neher, were 
 given ten daughters and two sons, Susie Cordelia, the sev- 
 enth child, being born on December 11, 1884. They were 
 living on a farm in Gage County, Nebraska, at the time, 
 and here Susie lived with her parents, went to the coun- 
 try school and developed towards womanhood. When fif- 
 teen years old, the family moved to Rocky Ford, Colo- 
 rado, where she attended public school for two years. 
 In 1903 she entered McPherson College, McPherson, Kan- 
 sas and graduated from the Normal Course with the 
 class of 1907. She taught school one year. 
 
 May 19, 1909, was a beautiful day, when she gave her 
 hand to Ernest D. Vaniman in marriage. God blessed 
 their home with a son, but was pleased to call him home 
 when three days old. 
 
 At twelve Susie gave her heart to the Lord, while Ira 
 C. Snavely was holding a series of meetings in the South 
 Beatrice congregation, Nebraska, in November, 1896, and 
 was baptized by Stephen Yoder. At McPherson, in the 
 mission study classes and deeply spiritual meetings of 
 the institution, the desire was quickened to be a mission- 
 ary, and she is glad to join her husband in the efforts 
 they have been asked to make for Christ and his church 
 in China. 
 
 FREDERICK J. WAMPLER, M. D. 
 Missionary to China, 1913 
 
 Frederick Wampler was an active bishop, living on a 
 farm in the Greenmount congregation, northwest of Har- 
 risonburg, Rockingham County, Virginia. In the begin- 
 
 409
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 ning of life he was united in marriage to Anna Driver, 
 Both served the Lord fervently from their youth. To 
 them were born eleven children, Frederick, born on Jan- 
 uary 7, 1883, being the tenth child. Fred grew up on the 
 farm, and attended country school. In his early teens 
 he worked in his brother's store in Timberville, Virginia, 
 and later spent one year in a drug store in Harrisonburg. 
 In the fall of 1902, when nineteen years old, he entered 
 Bridgewater College and graduated in the college de- 
 partment in 1908. During these years he spent his va- 
 cations canvassing, thus enabling himself to go on with 
 his training. Incidentally he learned much about people. 
 He spent one year canvassing, and training men for so- 
 licitation, and then entered the Medical College of Vir- 
 ginia, at Richmond. After one year he transferred to 
 the Rush Medical College, of Chicago, where he com- 
 pleted his medical preparation June 11, 1913. Most of 
 the last year, in Chicago, he lived in the Norwegian Ta- 
 bitha Hospital, acting first as laboratory man, and later 
 as house physician and surgeon. Based on graduate 
 work, done at the University of Chicago, Bridgewater 
 College conferred the degree of Master of Arts upon 
 him in June, 1912. 
 
 On September 3, 1911, he was united in marriage to Re- 
 becca C. Skeggs, of Roanoke, Virginia. 
 
 The influence of his home could not have produced 
 other than devotion to the Lord. Thus it was that, dur- 
 ing the series of meetings held in the Greenmount con- 
 gregation by Brother John P. Zigler, Fred confessed 
 Christ as his Savior when but fourteen years old, and 
 was baptized on February 22, 1897, by Brother Jacob A. 
 Garber. He was active in Sunday-school, ready to teach 
 or superintend, as the church might desire. At Bridge- 
 water he was a charter member of the Volunteer Band, 
 and a leading spirit of the organization while there. Dur- 
 ing his medical course he has had little opportunity for 
 active service; but goes to China enthused with a desire 
 to heal the body of the needy Chinese and also to point 
 them to the Great Healer of the soul. 
 
 410
 
 Biographical 
 
 MRS. FREDERICK J. WAMPLER, NEE REBECCA C. 
 
 SKEGGS 
 
 Missionary to China, 1913 
 
 Frank E. Skeggs, a carpenter, was living at Greencastle, 
 Pennsylvania, at the time of the birth of his daughter, 
 Rebecca, on October 13, 1882. Her mother's maiden name 
 was Annie M. Foutz. Rebecca is the eldest of five daugh- 
 ters. Living in the city, enabled her to secure a good 
 public school education. In 1895 she entered the Na- 
 tional Business College of Roanoke, Virginia, in which 
 city the family was living, and graduated from the Com- 
 mercial Department in 1899. The institution honored her 
 by employing her to teach for three years. Then she took 
 practical work in good business houses in the city. Fi- 
 nally, in 1906, she entered Bridgewater College and by 
 piecemeal, because of earning her way, finished the Aca- 
 demic Course in 1910. After another year of teaching, 
 in the Business College of Roanoke, she was united in 
 marriage to Frederick J. Wampler September 3, 1911. 
 After her marriage she spent six months in the Battle 
 Creek Sanitarium, of Michigan, getting training as a 
 nurse, the better to fit herself to supplement her hus- 
 band's work on the mission field. 
 
 Rebecca's father, still living, is a deacon in the Roanoke 
 City congregation of the Church of the Brethren. Her 
 parents being earnest Sunday-school workers, sought 
 to lead their children in the ways of the Lord. When thir- 
 teen years old, Rebecca confessed Christ as her Savior, 
 and was baptized by P. S. Miller on February 2, 1896. She 
 was assigned a class in the Sunday-school. While at 
 Bridgewater she took some Bible work, was a teacher in 
 the Sunday-school there, and a member of the Volunteer 
 Mission Band. 
 
 Thus equipped she hopes to render faithful service to 
 her Master, by supplementing her husband's work on the 
 China field. 
 
 411
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 S. OLIVE WIDDOWSON 
 
 Missionary to India, 1912 
 
 E. B. Widdowson, a farmer living near Clymer, Indi- 
 ana County, Pennsylvania, united with the Church of the 
 Brethren when thirty years old. On October 2, 1862, he 
 was united in marriage to Susan Ober, who was also a 
 member of the same church. To them were given six 
 sons and three daughters, of whom S. Olive, the eighth 
 child, was born on September 22, 1881. Olive was dili- 
 gent in public school and was glad to continue her educa- 
 tion at Juniata College, Huntingdon, Pennsylvania, where 
 she entered in the spring of 1899, and graduated in the 
 Normal English Course with the class of 1902. During 
 this time she taught one year. After graduation she con- 
 tinued her studies one year, and then taught four years 
 in Eastern Pennsylvania. While teaching, she worked 
 on Courses of Psychology, Pedagogy and English in the 
 University of Pennsylvania. In 1909, in order better to 
 prepare herself for her life work, she entered Dr. White's 
 Bible Teacher Training School, of New York, and grad- 
 uated in the spring of 1912. 
 
 While at Juniata, in 1889, she accepted Christ as her 
 Savior and united with the Church of the Brethren by 
 baptism, administered by W. J. Swig^rt. This ste;p 
 changed her purposes in life, for now she sought to serve 
 the Lord whom she loved. He led her to Bible prepara- 
 tion, when she had planned being a public school teacher. 
 He led her to India when she had thought to live in the 
 homeland. She is rejoiced in preparing herself in her new 
 field for service to the sinful and degraded in that land. 
 
 412
 
 Biographical 
 
 J. HENRY B. WILLIAMS 
 Assistant Secretary of General Mission Board, 1910 — 
 
 Nathaniel K. Williams was reared on a farm in Carter 
 County, Tennessee, and was united in marriage to Louisa 
 J. Bashor, born and raised in Washington County, the 
 same State. After their marriage in Missouri they moved 
 to Republic County, Kansas, in 1873, and settled on a home- 
 stead near Scandia. A few years later they moved to a 
 farm near Belleville. At this place, on April 14, 1883, 
 their second son, whom they named John Henry Bashor, 
 was born. The parents were prosperous people, lived 
 godly lives as members of the Church of the Brethren, 
 and encouraged their two sons to develop into godly 
 men. Henry took advantage of all the school privileges 
 he could command, — graduating from the common schools 
 in 1896; the Belleville high school in 1899; the Academic 
 Department of McPherson College in 1901; and from the 
 College proper in 1906. 
 
 Soon after leaving college, on May 31, 1906, he was 
 united in marriage to Sister Alma Ball, daughter of Wil- 
 liam S. and Olive (Wells) Ball. At once the young peo- 
 ple settled on a farm near the old homestead. To them 
 have been bo.rn two daughters and one son; the first 
 ■ daughter died in infancy. In January, 1908, they moved to 
 Elgin, Illinois, where they now reside. 
 
 From infancy Henry has always attended Sunday-school 
 and, since he was old enough, has taken a very active 
 part in this phase of church work. On July 29, 1899, he 
 confessed Christ, and by baptism, administered by A. C. 
 Daggett, united with the Church of the Brethren. The 
 Belleville congregation called him to the ministry Septem- 
 ber 23, 1903, and while at school at McPherson, he was 
 advanced to the second degree. During 1905 and 1906 
 he was President of the College Young Men's Christian 
 Association, at McPherson. Kansas. In the Elgin congre- 
 gation, in 1911, he was ordained to the bishopric through 
 the laying on of hands by D. L. Miller and I. Bennett 
 
 413
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 Trout. On April 11, 1913, he was given the oversight of 
 the Elgin congregation, which position he now occupies. 
 His move to Elgin was to assist in the Mission Rooms 
 of the General Mission Board. He came on one year's 
 trial. His services were satisfactory, and on April 14, 
 1909, the General Mission Board appointed him a member 
 of the Gish Committee. On June 9, 1910, he was elected 
 Assistant Secretary of the Board. On April 11, 1912, he 
 was given the editorship of the " Missionary Visitor." 
 At the Conference of 1913 he was chosen a member of 
 the Educational Board. 
 
 ALONZO F. WINE 
 Missionary to Denmark,, 1913 
 
 George Wine, born November 20, 1807, and Catherine 
 Good, his wife, born July 22, 1828, both of German de- 
 scent, lived in Augusta County, Virginia, and to them 
 were born seven sons and four daughters. Alonzo Frank- 
 lin, their tenth child, was born on a farm near Mt. Sidney, 
 Virginia, September 23, 1871. Because of much work on 
 the farm, and little time in school, the chances of secur- 
 ing an education were not very assuring. Yet, at the age 
 of eighteen, Alonzo taught one term of public school, and 
 then, in 1890, entered Bridgewater College, Bridgewater, 
 Virginia, and applied himself closely for two years. This 
 he followed with one year in Augusta Male Academy, 
 at Ft. Defiance, Virginia, and one year at Mt. Morris 
 College, Mt. Morris, Illinois. He dropped out of school 
 at this point and engaged in farming, and did not 
 return to school work until, locating in Chicago, 
 he took some night work at Bethany Bible School. 
 During 1912, and 1913 he spent all his time on a Bible 
 Course at the same place. He engaged in farming in 
 Ohioi, Virginia, Indiana and Michigan. He worked in 
 the Plain Clothing Department of Albaugh Bros., Dover, 
 & Co., of Chicago^ for seven years, and in January, 1912, 
 
 414
 
 Biographical 
 
 accepted' a position with the Western Worsted Mills Co., 
 of Chicago, as manager of their store in Ft. Wayne, In- 
 diana. 
 
 On March 24, 1892, he was united in marriage to Attic 
 Cline, daughter of Abraham Cline, of Timberville, Vir- 
 ginia. To them have been born two sons and one daugh- 
 ter, a son and a daughter uniting with the church during 
 last winter. 
 
 When fourteen years old, in October, 1885, Alonzo con- 
 fessed Christ, and united with the Pleasant Valley, Vir- 
 ginia, congregation of the Church of the Brethren, bap- 
 tism being administered by A. D. Garber in Middle Branch 
 of the Shenandoah River. At seventeen he began to serve 
 as superintendent of Sunday-school, and has been either 
 officer or teacher in a Sunday-school for over fifteen 
 years. The Stone Lick congregation, of Ohio, called him 
 to the deacon's office October 24, 1903. The First Church 
 of the Brethren, in Chicago, called him to the ministry 
 on October 2, 1906, but he did not accept the work until 
 the close of a love feast on November 3, 1906. The same 
 congregation advanced him to the second degree Decem- 
 ber 27, 1908. He accepted the pastorate of the congre- 
 gation for two years. 
 
 He felt the call to Denmark, and to no other field, and 
 the Board is glad that he sailed June 14, 1913, to help the 
 churches in that first foreign mission field of the Church 
 of the Brethren. 
 
 MRS. ALONZO F. WINE, NEE ATTIE CLINE 
 
 Missionary to Denmark, 1913 
 
 John W. Cline, the eldest of twelve children, a distant 
 relative of John Kline, of martyr fame, was a Rocking- 
 ham County son. Sallie V. Zimmerman, of German de- 
 scent, was a farmer's daughter of Augusta County, Vir- 
 ginia. After their marriage, December 24, 1869, they 
 united with the Church of the Brethren. To gladden their 
 
 415
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 home came four sons and four daughters. Attic, the fourth 
 child, was born on April 17, 1876. Attie was apt to learn, 
 but duties in the home prevented her from attending 
 school as much as she would like to have done. 
 
 On March 24, 1898, she was united in marriage with 
 Alonzo F. Wine, and to their home have been given two 
 sons and one daughter. 
 
 The spiritual atmosphere of her home made a deep 
 impression on her young life, and at fourteen years of 
 age Attie confessed Christ and united with the Pleasant 
 Valley congregation of the Church of the Brethren on 
 August 14, 1890, baptism being administered by Daniel 
 Miller. She is a dear lover of home, and she alone knows 
 the sacrifice of heart she made, to go to Denmark. But 
 when she saw the path of duty, she walked therein with 
 sweet determination, and a happy heart. She sailed with 
 her husband on June 14, 1913, for their chosen field of 
 labor. 
 
 OTHO WINGER 
 
 Member of General Mission Board, 1912 — 
 
 Near Marion, in Grant County, Indiana, in the seven- 
 ties, lived John Martin Winger, a man in whose veins 
 ran both German and Scotch-Irish blood. His wife was 
 Mary Ann Smith, a woman of English descent. Both 
 united with the Church of the Brethren some time near 
 1883 and sought to impart to their children the high ideals 
 they were holding for themselves. To them were given 
 four sons and five daughters, Otho, born on October 23, 
 1877, being the oldest child of the family. The hardihood 
 of farm life gave Otho the opportunity for laying a good 
 foundation for a strong body. His mind was vigorous, as 
 seen in the fact that, after attending public school till sev- 
 enteen, he was ready to teach country school. This he did, 
 too, for three years, his student body being made up of 
 both whites and Indians, in the Indian village school in 
 
 416
 
 Plate Ifi 
 
 Opposite 41B 
 
 Ida Buckingham A. F. Wine Mrs. A. F. T^ ine 
 
 A Raymond Cottrell, M. D. Mrs. A. Raymond Cottrell, M. D. 
 'S Ira Arnold Mrs. S. Ira Arnold Galen B. Royer
 
 Biographical 
 
 Grant County, Indiana. In 1898, entering Manchester Col- 
 lege, he completed the Academic and a part of the College 
 Course in 1902. At once he entered Indiana University 
 and graduated from that institution in 1905. Two years 
 later he took from the same institution his A. M. degree. 
 He occupied the position of Superintendent of Schools 
 at Sweetser and later at Hope, Indiana, during the years 
 1903 to 1907. 
 
 In 1907 he accepted the position of teacher of History 
 and Philosophy in Manchester College and since then has 
 been identified with the school very closely. He ser\'ed 
 as vice-president during the years 1910 and '11, and when 
 the college was looking for a President, in 1911, he was 
 chosen. The growth of Manchester College is the best 
 evidence of his ability for the place. About the same 
 time he was chosen by Conference to serve as a member 
 of the General Educational Board, a field of investiga- 
 tion and deliberation in which he takes much interest. 
 
 Besides occasional contributions to the church period- 
 icals, the "Life of Elder R. H. Miller," the product of 
 his pen, was published in 1909. It is a volume, well pre- 
 pared and full of interest to members of the Church of the 
 Brethren. 
 
 On July 24, 1902, he was married to Sister Ida Miller, 
 and to them two sons, Robert and Paul, have been born. 
 
 At the unusuallj' tender age of ten. Otho confessed 
 Christ, and united with the Church of the Brethren in the 
 Somerset congregation of Middle Indiana, J. F. Spitzer 
 performing the rite of baptism. He was active for the 
 Master in whatever his j'outhful hands could find to do. 
 Before he was nineteen years of age, or on September 26, 
 1896, he was called to the deacon's oflSce. In less than 
 a year later, April 9, 1897, he was chosen to the ministry 
 and preached his first sermon on April 17, following, 
 using for his text Exodus 3: 13. In two years he was ad- 
 vanced to the second degree and on November 12. 1910, 
 he with other brethren, was ordained to the bishopric, 
 Brother Daniel Snell laying on hands. In 1910 he was 
 
 417
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 chosen to preside over the North Manchester congrega- 
 tion, which position he still occupies. 
 
 During the years the Reading Circle was under the di- 
 rection of the General Mission Board, he was one of the 
 Committee appointed to give it direction, and enlarge its 
 usefulness. In 1912 he succeeded L. W. Teeter on the 
 General Mission Board, giving him a still broader field 
 through which to press his ideals. 
 
 O. H. YEREMAN, M. D. 
 
 Missionary to India, 1903 to 1906 
 
 While G. J. Fercken was conducting a mission in Smjrr- 
 na, Asia Minor, a young man became interested and finally 
 united with the Church of the Brethren. His mother and 
 several sisters were residents of the city and are yet. He 
 showed himself active and capable, and the congregation 
 called him to the ministry. So earnest were his efforts, 
 that his support was increased to four Turkish pounds 
 per month, in May, 1897. At the same meeting the Board 
 decided that he " be brought to America at the expense 
 of the World-wide Fund, to become acquainted with the 
 church, and be fully indoctrinated, and return at its ex- 
 pense." Some time during the fall of 1897 Brother Yere- 
 man arrived in America. At that time he was about 
 eighteen years old. After spending a short time in Mt 
 Morris College, Mt. Morris, Illinois, he entered a medical 
 college in Chicago. First he took a course on the treat- 
 ment of eyes and in part worked his way through school 
 as an optician. In due time he graduated from medical 
 college and was ready for the field. During his medical 
 course he lectured among the churches during his vaca- 
 tions, taking up collections and turning them over to 
 the General Mission Board. He could not return to his 
 native country without being cast into prison, and at the 
 fall meeting of the Board, in 1903, a physician being 
 greatly needed in India, he was invited to go. The Board 
 
 418
 
 Biographical 
 
 decided that si«ce he was in its employ, the confirmation 
 of Conference was not needed. With only about two 
 weeks' notice, Brother Yereman was on his way to In- 
 dia, with the party that sailed that fall. He was not 
 long on the field until he began to practice. At both 
 Bulsar and at Dahanu he had more patients than he 
 could care for properly. In 1906 he returned from the 
 field, finally locating in Kansas City, where, as optician, 
 he has become one of the leading specialists of the city. 
 During the summer of 1912 he went to Smj'rna with his 
 mother and sisters, who were in this country a short 
 while, and at present writing is still somewhere in Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 JOSEPH J. YODER 
 Member General Mission Board, 1908 — 
 
 Of German extraction and under the influence of the 
 Amish Mennonite faith Jacob D. Yoder and Sarah (Yo- 
 der) Yoder grew up and were married in Somerset Coun- 
 ty, Pennsylvania. Soon after they united with the Church 
 of the Brethren. Into their home, to gladden the hearts 
 of his pious parents, while still living in Somerset County, 
 J. J., their first born of a family of two girls and four 
 boys, came on November 24, 1868. All the children are 
 living, two of the sons are ministers, one a deacon, and 
 one daughter married a minister. When nearly eleven 
 years old, J. J.'s father moved to McPherson, Kansas, and 
 entered upon farm life on a broad scale. He was blessed 
 in his endeavors, was able to give each one of his children 
 a good farm, and then remembered the Lord with as 
 good a one as he gave to each of his children. 
 
 J. J. was trained on the farm, but, following the bent of 
 his mind, made good use of the advantages of the public 
 schools of Kansas, and thus prepared himself for teaching, 
 in which occupation he engaged for eight years success- 
 fully. During this time he pushed his way, through 
 
 419
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 further preparation at McPherson College, and graduated 
 from the Academic Department in 1894. Soon after he 
 settled on a farm, a few miles southwest of McPherson, 
 and prospered as a farmer. But a yearning for more ed- 
 ucation and a larger usefulness brought him back to Mc- 
 Pherson in 1908 and, along with other duties, he re- 
 turned to the college as a student, and pressed onward 
 till May 23, 1913, when he received the degree of A. B. 
 
 On May 30, 1895, he was married to Sister Sadie Strohm, 
 of Harlan, Iowa. To them have been born four sons, one 
 of v/hom died in infancy. 
 
 J. J. attended the Sunday-school the first day it was 
 organized in the Pike house, in the Brothers Valley con- 
 gregation, Somerset County, Pennsylvania. His love for 
 Sunday-school and the Sunday-school movement has ever 
 grown. As a mark of his ability in this line he was made 
 a member of the Executive Board of the Kansas Sunday- 
 school Association in 1912, which position he still holds. 
 While at McPherson in school, in 1889, he united with the 
 Church of the Brethren, S. G. Lehmer baptizing him. 
 His ability and inclination to things religious prompted 
 the Monitor congregation to call him to the ministry on 
 June 11, 1892, and about a month after, Sunday, July 24, 
 he preached his first sermon from John 3: 16. On April 
 29, 1893, he was advanced to the second degree, and on 
 January 5, 1901, ordained bishop. At this last service 
 Bishops A. M, Dickey and S. J. Miller officiated. He had 
 the oversight of the Monitor congregation until 1912. 
 
 In recent years duties and responsibilities have fallen 
 rapidly upon J. J. In 1908, upon moving to McPherson, 
 he assisted in the college, in addition to his studies. He 
 was engaged as pastor of McPherson congregation in 
 1909, and continued in that capacity for three school 
 years. He has always taken a deep interest in the wel- 
 fare of the college as well as the church, and is now Dean 
 of the Bible Department, and President of the Board of 
 Trustees. In 1898 he was appointed a member of the 
 District Mission Board of Southwestern Kansas and South- 
 ern' Colorado, and has been President of the Board since 
 
 420
 
 Biographical 
 
 1900. Thrice lias he been Moderator and thrice Reading 
 Clerk of his District Meeting, and three times has he rep- 
 resented his District on the Standing Committee at Gen- 
 eral Conference. In 1908 he was elected a member of the 
 General Mission Board, where he has been rendering faith- 
 ful service ever since. He was a member of the committee 
 who framed the present Missionary Educational campaign, 
 now in use among the churches. 
 
 EMANUEL S. YOUNG 
 
 Member of General Mission Board, 1885-1888 
 
 To Simon and Catherine Sprankle Young, prosperous 
 farmers in Stark County, Ohio, was born Emanuel S., 
 the third child in a family of three sons and two daugh- 
 ters. E. S., as he is more familiarly known, sought an 
 education. He attended school at Bridgeport, north of 
 Massillon, Mt. Zion Academy at Greensburg, and Smith- 
 ville, Mt. Union and Ashland Colleges, all in Ohio. When 
 twenty-one years old, he taught his first term of school 
 at Boetler's schoolhouse; then three winters at Jackson 
 Center, north of Massillon. In 1880 he became a student 
 of Mt. Morris College, Mt. Morris, Illinois, and com- 
 pleted the Preparatory and College Courses. He soon 
 entered Transylvania University, Lexington, Kentucky, 
 and completed a Bible Course. Thus prepared he returned 
 to Mt. Morris and joined J. G. Royer in managing the 
 college under a lease. He remained in Mt. Morris ten 
 years, during which time he organized the Bible Depart- 
 ment and was its instructor. He spent his summer vaca- 
 tions in further preparation, spending time on the study 
 of Hebrew at Chautauqua, New York, Yale and Chicago 
 Universities, until he received the degree of Bachelor of 
 Divinity. In 1895 he moved to North Manchester, Indi- 
 ana, where, in association with his brother Simon, they 
 purchased the college property, and started another school 
 for the Church of the Brethren. During the ensuing four 
 
 421
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 years they erected two more buildings. Wliile at North 
 Manchester, E. S. was President of the school. After sev- 
 eral moves, he located at Canton, Ohio, where he erected 
 the Bible Institute building, and conducted a Bible School 
 for three years. 
 
 On August 30, 1895, he was married to Sister Susie E. 
 Royer, daughter of J. G. and Elizabeth (Reiflf) Royer, and 
 to them have been born six sons and six daughters. They 
 have the distinction of having " triplets," — two boys and 
 a girl, — in their family, 
 
 E. S. confessed Christ in 1880, and united with the 
 Church of the Brethren in the Mt. Morris congregation. 
 Northern Illinois, S. Z. Sharp administering baptism. He 
 was an active church worker. In 1886, while at Mt. Mor- 
 ris, Illinois, he was called to the ministry, and preached 
 his first sermon in Mt. Morris, using for his text Mat- 
 thew 16: 13-20. In 1888 he was advanced to the second 
 degree, and in 1904, ordained to the bishopric through the 
 laying on of hands by Tobias Hoover and Charles Kins- 
 ley. He has been actively engaged in the ministry, es- 
 pecially in evangelistic and Bible Institute work. He con- 
 ducted the first Bible Institute, held in the Brethren 
 church, in the congregation near Virden, Illinois. 
 
 He is the author and publisher of the following five 
 books, which he uses in his Correspondence Bible Study 
 Courses: "Life of Christ," "Bible Outlines," "Bible Ge- 
 ography," "Old Testament History," and "New Testa- 
 ment History." He also edited and published a periodical, 
 called " The Bible Student," for ten years. 
 
 While serving but one term on the General Mission 
 Board, he was assigned special work, showing that the 
 Board had confidence in his ability. In later years he 
 is giving his entire time to Bible instruction by corre- 
 spondence, with his headquarters at Canton, Ohio. 
 
 422
 
 Biographical 
 
 KATHRYN ZIEGLER 
 Missionary to India, 1908 
 
 To Daniel and Mary Conner Ziegler, while living on 
 their farm, near Mt. Etna, Berks County, Pennsylvania, 
 was born their daughter Kathryn, the thirteenth child in a 
 family of eight sons and six daughters. The father and 
 his ancestors, for several generations, were members of 
 the Church of the Brethren. Kathryn rejoiced in the 
 pleasant surroundings of the home, and attended the coun- 
 try school until fifteen years of age. At this time her 
 father having aged, and desiring to retire from active 
 life, Kathryn went to Montgomery County, Pennsylva- 
 nia, to live with her brother Jesse. Two valuable years in 
 school she spent here. The next nine years were spent 
 partly at the home of her brother Levi, in Pennsylvania, 
 and partly with her brother Daniel, near Denton, Mary- 
 land. In 1898 she located in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, as 
 a domestic, where she remained seven years. The Eastern 
 District of Pennsylvania desiring to send a missionary 
 to the field, selected Kathryn, and gave her two years to 
 prepare. She at once entered Elizabethtown College, 
 Elizabethtown, Pennsylvania, and graduated in the Bible 
 Course in 1908. The Conference of 1908 approved of her 
 and she sailed the same fall for her chosen field, India. 
 
 When sixteen years old, Kathryn gave her heart to 
 God in a public confession and united with the Church of 
 the Brethren in the Mingo congregation, baptism being 
 administered by her uncle, Jacob Conner. Her spiritual 
 life was a steady growth. In India she is located at 
 Ankleshwer, laboring among the villages and helping in 
 the Lord's work with all the ability within her. 
 
 413
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 JOHN ZUCK 
 
 Member General Mission Board, 1899-1908 
 
 Jacob Zuck was a faithful deacon who served the Welsh 
 Run congregation of the Church of the Brethren, in 
 Franklin County, Pennsylvania, many years. His wife, 
 Susanna (Martin) Zuck, was of godly parentage. To 
 them, while living at the foot of a spur of the Tuscarora 
 Mountains, known as " Two Tops," about five miles south 
 of Mercersburg, Pennsylvania, was born on October 4, 
 1844, their first child, whom they called John. Up to six- 
 teen, for the most part, his life consisted in hard work 
 on his father's farm, so that his crippled brother, Jacob 
 M. Zuck, who became the founder of Juniata College, 
 might be enabled to go to school. He had little chance 
 even at a common school education, because in the fall and 
 early winter, he helped his father thresh out the crop by 
 riding the horses, while they trampled the grain on the 
 barn floor. Then, seeing the great advantage of an educa- 
 tion, he doubled every effort to secure one. Sitting on the 
 plow beam in the field, he learned the Greek alphabet 
 while the horses were resting. At nineteen he was equipped 
 with a certificate to teach common school. By hard study he 
 secured the highest professional grade certificate. In 
 1874 he had his ambition satisfied, for the time, in a cer- 
 tificate from the Superintendent of Public Instruction for 
 the State of Pennsylvania. During his evenings, while 
 teaching school, along with pursuing the prescribed work 
 for advancement, he learned to read and write the Ger- 
 man language. He also qualified himself as a surveyor, 
 which vocation he has followed for about forty years. 
 During most of this time he served as county surveyor, 
 an office tendered him without his seeking, for he never 
 attended a political convention, nor did he seek nomina- 
 tion. He taught school for seventeen years and during 
 this time directed and developed his farm. In 1870 he 
 moved to Shady Grove, Pennsylvania, and in 1877 to 
 
 424
 
 Biographical 
 
 Cedar County, Iowa, where, on a farm near Clarence, 
 he still resides. 
 
 He was united in marriage to Sister Lydia J. Bohrer 
 on December 20, 1866, and to them were born five sons and 
 five daughters, of whom four sons and five daughters are 
 living today. 
 
 In the beginning of manhood in April, 1867, Brother 
 Zuck confessed Christ by uniting with the Church of the 
 Brethren in the Welsh Run congregation of Franklin 
 County, Pennsylvania. His activity in things spiritual 
 prompted the same congregation to call him to the min- 
 istry in June, 1869. The next year, having moved to Fall- 
 ing Springs congregation, near Shady Grove, he was ad- 
 vanced to the second degree, and in 1886, having located 
 in Iowa, he was ordained to the ofl!ice of bishop, Joshua 
 Shultz being one of the brethren engaged in laying on 
 hands. Immediately he was given the oversight of the 
 Cedar County congregation, which care is upon him to 
 this day. He also served as bishop of a number of con- 
 gregations in his District at different times, though his 
 busy life did not permit him to do justice to the respon- 
 sibility resting upon him. Ever since a minister, he has 
 been active in the pulpit, holding evangelistic services. 
 After his ordination he was placed on a number of im- 
 portant committees, both in his District and for the Gen- 
 eral Brotherhood. He was a member of the Committee 
 that reported, in 1884, the plan for organized mission 
 work. He also served, in 1882, on the committee on Re- 
 vision of Conference Minutes. In 1891 he represented 
 his District first at Conference and enjoyed this service, 
 in all, seven times. He was Moderator of the Conference 
 at Bristol, Tennessee, in 1905. 
 
 While serving the church on the General Mission 
 Board for nine years, he was a regular attendant and a 
 careful student of what was being done. He did not 
 speak as often as others, but when he did, his words were 
 laden with wisdom and good judgment. Of the work of 
 the Board he has this to say: 
 
 My experience with the work of the Board was ex- 
 ceedingly fraternal and all grave and far-reaching prob- 
 
 425
 
 Missions in Church of the Brethren 
 
 lems were approached prayerfully and with considera- 
 tion, to the honor and glory of God, and for the best in- 
 terests of the church and the salvation of souls. Those 
 who have never served on the Board, have a meager idea 
 of the perplexities and burdens that must be met and 
 borne by the Board as servants of our Brotherhood with 
 its varied conditions at home and in foreign lands. 
 
 SAMUEL R. ZUG 
 Member of General Mission Board, 1893-1898 
 
 Benjamin Zug, of Swiss lineage, and Elizabeth Ruhl, 
 his wife, of German descent, both faithful members who 
 served in the deacon's office for thirty-six years, had five 
 sons and two daughters. Their son, Samuel Ruhl Zug, 
 was born in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, February 
 29, 1832. Reared on the farm, he had little opportunity 
 for attending school, yet, at eighteen, he began teaching 
 public school, and taught for four consecutive winters. 
 In 1853 he was elected justice of the peace, and served 
 ten years. In 1855 he was elected school director and 
 occupied that office for three years. He was an active busi- 
 ness man, and though quite successful, met with some 
 serious reverses. He recovered at least enough, however, 
 to be comfortable in his old days. He is living a retired 
 life with his son John, in Palmyra, Pennsylvania. 
 
 On May 27, 1852, he was united in marriage to Fanny 
 W. Shelly, daughter of Henry Shelly, and to them have 
 been born four sons. 
 
 Not until- 1861 did Samuel and his wife confess Christ. 
 It was at a love feast, held on Samuel Graybill's farm, and 
 they were baptized by Philip Zigler, thus becoming mem- 
 bers of the White Oak congregation. On October 11, 
 1865, the same congregation called him to the ministry. 
 In 1871 he was advanced to the second degree, and on 
 Thanksgiving Day, 1885, in the Chiques congregation, 
 he was ordained to the bishopric through the laying on 
 of hands by S. Harley and William Hertzler. On the 
 same day he was given the oversight of the Chiques con- 
 
 426
 
 Biographical 
 
 gregation, which care he resigned in 1910. Brother Zug 
 was a very aggressive worker for the church and his 
 Lord. It was through his efforts, in 1867, that his home 
 congregation had a series of meetings, — the first for the 
 Brethren in the county. In 1878 he asked to conduct a 
 Sunday-school. Permission was granted him, but not in 
 the church. The next year permission was granted to have 
 the school in the church, and it has been a live school 
 ever since. Besides being bishop of the Chiques congre- 
 gation, he served in the same capacity for a period of 
 time in the Lancaster City, York City, Hatrisburg, Phil- 
 adelphia, West Greentree, and Elizabethtown congre- 
 gations. It was through his agitation that District Mis- 
 sions were begun in 1879. He was made a member of 
 the Board, and served until 1893. Beginning with 1866 
 he has attended every District Meeting since he was clerk 
 of the meeting, for twenty consecutive years. He at- 
 tended forty-two Annual Conferences, and was either del- 
 egate from his congregation or from his State District. 
 It was through his influence that Ministerial Meetings 
 began in 1893, and have since continued with such good 
 results. 
 
 His labors are almost done. Some years since he re- 
 tired from active physical labor, and since then also from 
 responsibility in the church. He is waiting to join loved 
 ones on the other shore, as he lives with his son John, 
 in their home in Palmyra, Pennsylvania, — yet active, — for 
 he still takes his turn in preaching in the home congrega- 
 tion, and frequently is called to officiate at funerals. 
 
 427
 
 APPENDIX A 
 
 mSMBEBS OF TH£ BOOK AND TKACT WOBK AND THEXB 
 TEBXS OF OFFICB 
 
 1885 
 
 S. 
 
 D. R oy- 
 
 S. W. 
 
 A. Min- 
 
 B 
 
 . F. Mil- 
 
 J. Hep- S. Bock 
 
 
 
 er 
 
 Hoov- 
 er 
 
 nlck 
 
 
 ler 
 
 ner 
 
 1886 
 
 
 
 
 It 
 
 
 *t 
 
 (« «• 
 
 1887 
 
 
 
 
 *i 
 
 
 <« 
 
 Isaac " 
 
 Frantz 
 
 1888 
 
 
 
 
 C( 
 
 
 «« 
 
 <i <( 
 
 1889 
 
 
 
 
 l« 
 
 
 tt 
 
 tt t* 
 
 1890 
 
 
 
 
 D. S. Fll- 
 brun 
 
 W. 
 
 W. Barn- 
 hart 
 
 «< <■ 
 
 1891 
 
 
 
 
 " 
 
 
 ** 
 
 « 
 
 1892 
 
 
 
 
 M 
 
 
 f 
 
 II If 
 
 1893 
 
 
 
 
 i« 
 
 
 tt 
 
 II tt 
 
 BSCOBD OF OFFZCIAIi SEBVICi: OF BOOK AND TBACT 
 
 WOBK 
 
 
 
 Foreman 
 
 Treasurer 
 
 Sec 
 
 retary 
 
 1885 
 
 S 
 
 W. 
 
 Hoover 
 
 J. A. 
 
 Hepner 
 
 S. 
 
 Bock 
 
 1886 
 
 
 
 
 
 ** 
 
 
 «i 
 
 1887 
 
 
 
 
 S. 
 
 Bock 
 
 
 <f 
 
 1888 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 <i 
 
 1889 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 *t 
 
 1890 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1891 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 *t 
 
 1892 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1893 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 u 
 
 APPENDIX B 
 
 CONFBBBNCB OFFBBZNGS THBOUGH THE 7EABS 
 
 1890, Pertle Springs, Missouri, $ 224.20 
 
 1891, Hagerstow^n, Maryland, 295.11 
 
 1892, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 366.82 
 
 1893, Muncie, Indiana, 244.33 
 
 1894, Meyersdale, Pennsylvania 260.88 
 
 1895, Decatur, Illinois, 366.12 
 
 1896, Ottawa, Kansas 302 00 
 
 1897, Frederick, Maryland 500.74 
 
 1898, Burlington Park, Illinois, 1,400.01 
 
 1899, Roanoke, Virginia, 1,609.90 
 
 1900, North Manchester, Indiana, 1.868.00 
 
 1901, Lincoln, Nebraska, 1.881.22 
 
 428
 
 Appendix 
 
 1902, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, $ 1,732,66 
 
 1903, Bellefontaine, Ohio, 5,632.04 
 
 1904, Carthage, Missouri, 5,677.l9 
 
 1905, Bristol, Tennessee, 7,750.61 
 
 1906, Springfield, Illinois, 10il42!32 
 
 1907, Los Angeles, California 8,266.21 
 
 1908, Des Moines, Iowa 23,594.76 
 
 1909, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 12,716.36 
 
 1910, Winona Lake, Indiana, 16,482.95 
 
 191 1, St. Joseph, Missouri, 13,563.01 
 
 1912, York, Pennsylvania, 16,099.95 
 
 1913, Winona Lake, Indiana, 20,796.88 
 
 Total $151,774.27 
 
 MSMBEBS OF THE TBACT EXAMimNG COaaSXTTSB 
 AND THEIB TERM OF SEBVIGE 
 
 1885 
 1886 
 
 Enoch R 
 Eby 
 
 .H 
 
 APPENDIX C 
 
 . Miller Landon B. F. 
 West Moomaw 
 
 s. 
 
 F. 
 
 Sanger 
 TVToVilpr 
 
 1887 
 
 Jacob Rife 
 
 
 
 
 
 1888 
 
 S. F. SanK« 
 
 ir. 
 
 
 
 1889 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1890 
 1891 
 
 '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. '.a. 
 
 W 
 
 . Teeter 
 
 I. D. Parker 
 
 
 
 
 1892 
 
 .Daniel Hai 
 
 rs. 
 
 
 
 1893 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ti 
 
 Miller 
 
 1894 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1895 
 1896 
 
 '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.J! 
 
 H.' 
 
 Moore., 
 
 D. S. Filbrun 
 
 L. 
 
 W 
 
 . Teeter 
 
 1897 
 
 * 
 
 
 1898 
 
 
 
 
 Daniel Hai 
 
 iS. 
 
 
 
 1899 
 
 H.C.Early.. 
 
 
 
 
 ' 
 
 
 1900 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1901 
 
 I. 
 
 J. Rosen- 
 rger 
 
 
 
 
 
 190!? 
 
 be 
 
 
 
 
 
 1903 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1904 
 
 T. C. Denton. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1905 
 
 
 
 J. E. Mohler ... . 
 
 
 
 
 1906 
 
 A. 
 
 C. 
 
 Wieand 
 
 
 
 1907 
 
 
 I. J. 
 
 berg( 
 
 "Ro«!eTi- 
 
 1908 
 
 
 
 
 
 2r 
 
 1909 
 
 A. G. Cross- 
 white 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1910 
 
 
 
 Paul Mohler. . . 
 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 D. 
 
 N. 
 
 Eller. . 
 
 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 
 
 J. 
 
 w. 
 
 Lear. , 
 
 1913 
 
 
 
 
 E B Hoff 
 
 
 1914 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 *No one reelected and D 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 K Hays held over. 
 
 429 
 
 

 
 Appendix 
 APPENDIX D 
 
 XJST OF FAld^HIiETS AND TBACTS TXt 1913 
 
 Numbers having " E " before them means the tract is pub- 
 lished in envelope size, 3^4 x 5 ^/^ Indies. All others are pages 
 t^ X IVz inches. 
 
 Series I, Famphlets (per hundred, at prices quoted). 
 
 41. Christian Baptism. D. C. Moomaw, 16 pp., $0.90. 
 E 42. The Church of the Brethren. D. L. Miller, 20 pp., $0.70. 
 
 43. Church Entertainments. I. J. Rosenberger, 11 pp., $0.70. 
 
 44. Trine Immersion. J. H. Moore, 52 pp., $2.80. 
 
 45. Path of Life. Daniel Hays, 36 pp., $2.1'5. 
 
 46. The Sabbath or Lord's Day. L J. Rosenberger, 28 pp., 
 $1.75. 
 
 47. Perfect Plan of Salvation. J. H. Moore. 25 pp., $1.60. 
 
 48. Secret Societies Incompatible with Christianity. I. J. 
 Rosenberger, 17 pp., $1.10. 
 
 49. One Baptism. J. H. Moore, 42 pp., $2.35. 
 
 B 50. Baptism, — Historical and Exegetical. Quincy Leckrone, 
 
 E. 48 pp., $1.10. 
 E 51. Spiritualism. I. J. Rosenberger, 64 pp., $3.60. 
 
 Series ZI, 50 cents per hundred 
 
 101. Why I Love My Church. W. B. Stover. 
 
 102. Which Is the Right Church? S. T. Carpenter. 
 
 103. Come Let Us Reason Together. (Tobacco Tract.) D. 
 L. Miller. 
 
 104. Communion. H. C. Early. 
 
 105. The Bible Service of Feet-Washing. Landon West. 
 E106. The House We Live In. D. Vaniman. 
 
 107. Origin of Single Immersion. James Quinter. 
 
 108. Intemperance. Jacob Rife. 
 E109. The Lighthouse. A. W. Vaniman. 
 
 110. Vocal and Instrumental Music in Worship. I. J. Rosen- 
 berger. 
 Elll. Plain Dressing. D. L. Miller. 
 E112. Prayer Covering. S. N. McCann. 
 
 113. Christian Salutation. Salome A. (Stoner) Myers. 
 
 114. Modern Skepticism in the Camp. I. J. Rosenberger. 
 E115. The Lord's Supper. D. L. Miller. 
 
 116. Woman's Work. Sadie Brallier Noffsmger. 
 
 117. Our Standard of Religion: What Is It? D. Hays. 
 
 118. Sisters' Prayer Covering. S. Z. Sharp. 
 E119. The Dual Crucifixion. L. W. Teeter. 
 
 Series III, 25 cents per hundred 
 
 270. Atoning Blood of Christ. C. Hope. 
 
 271. Design of Baptism. W. B. Stover. 
 
 E272. What Shall I Do With the Commandments of Jesus? J. 
 E. Miller. , , „ 
 
 273. Close Communion Examined. I. J. Rosenberger. 
 
 274. Christian Giving. I. J. Rosenberger. 
 
 275. Are Christians Allowed to Swear? S. Z. Sharp. 
 E276. Anointing. L. W. Teeter. „, „ , 
 
 E277 The Safe Church Doctrine. L. W. Teeter. 
 
 E278. Standard of Nonconformity. Daniel Hays. 
 
 E279. Three Links of Oddfellowship. I. J. Rosenberger. 
 
 E280. Organization of the Church. B. B. Kesler. 
 
 E281. How and Whom to Baptize. Daniel Hays. 
 
 E282. The Second Coming of Christ. 
 
 E283. The Gospel Door Into the Church. _ 
 
 E284. Why We Should Speak of Secret Societies. 
 
 430
 
 Appendix 
 
 E285. Secret Societies and the Word of God. 
 
 E286. Shall I Drink or Not Drink? J. W, Wayland. 
 
 Series ZV, 10 cents per hundred 
 
 E301. Church of the Brethren. 
 
 E302. The Lighthouse. A. W. Vaniman. 
 
 E303. Why Am I Not a Christian? S. W. Hoover. 
 
 E304. Christian Baptism. B. F. Moomaw. 
 
 E305. Trine Argument for Trine Immersion. 
 
 E306. Feet-Washing. J. H. Moore. 
 
 E307. Lord's Supper. J. H. Moore. 
 
 E308. Close Communion. I. J. Rosenberger. 
 
 E309. Salutation. J. H. Moore. 
 
 E311. Church Entertainments. I. J. Rosenberger. 
 
 E312. Gold and Costly Array. S. W. Hoover. 
 
 E313. Christian Giving. I. J. Rosenberger. 
 
 E314. Modern Skepticism. I. J. Rosenberger. 
 
 E315. Christ and War. D. Vaniman. 
 
 E316. Secret Societies. 
 
 E319. The Old Way of Baptizing. W. B. Stover. 
 
 E320. Are You Prepared to Die? James A. Sell. 
 
 E321. The Blessings of Divine Association. Adaline Beery. 
 
 E322. Infant Baptism. I. Bennett Trout. 
 
 E323. Helping Jesus. D. Vaniman. 
 
 E324. Saturday or Sunday, Which? 
 
 E325. The Ministry of Sorrow. James A. Sell. 
 
 E326. The Judgment. S. N. McCann. 
 
 E327. Stop and Think. D. Vaniman. 
 
 E328. Secret Prayer. 
 
 E329. The Importance of Church Membership. D. Hays. 
 
 E330. Spirituality. 
 
 E331. A Few Open Questions. Andrew Hutchison. 
 
 E332. The Bridge. O. H. Yereman. 
 318. The Brethren's Card. On one side a suitable invitation 
 blank for all Sunday services. On other side a com- 
 prehensive statement of doctrines of the church. Splen- 
 did. 
 
 TRACTS IN FOREIGN IiANGUAGES 
 
 Tracts in the following foreign languages given below 
 are translations of tracts of corresponding number in the En- 
 glish language and are furnished at the same rate. 
 
 Swedisli Tracts 
 
 S 42. Broderna. D. L. Miller. 
 
 5106. Det Hus, hvari vi lefva. D. Vaniman. 
 
 5107. Uppkomsten af Nedsankning i vatten 
 James Quinter. 
 
 S3 15 Kristus og Krig. D. Vaniman. 
 
 Danish Tracts 
 
 D 42. Broedremenigheden. D. L. Miller. 
 
 D106. Guds Hus Hvori vi leve. D. Vaniman. 
 
 D107. En enkelt Daabsakt og dens Historie. James Quinter. 
 
 D315. Kristus og Krig. D. Vaniman. 
 
 German Tracts 
 
 G 42. Die Gemeinde der Briider. D. L. Miller. 
 G105. Die Bibel-Anordnung des Fusswaschens. Landon West. 
 G106. Das Haus worin wir wohnen. D. Vaniman. 
 G107. Der Ursprung der einmaligen Untertauchung. J. Quin- 
 ter. 
 G112. Die Bedeckung beim Gebet. S. N. McCann. 
 G271. Der Zweck der Taufe. W. B. Stover. 
 G272. Was soil ich mit den Geboten Jesu thun? J. E. Miller. 
 
 blott en gang. 
 
 431
 
 Appendix 
 APPENDIX E 
 
 ASSXSTANCB ON BUII.SXNa lUSETXlTaHOUSES 7B0K 
 THE BEGINNING 
 Arkansas, 
 
 Donation Loan Total 
 
 1888, Stuttgart $ 300.00 
 
 Idaho, 
 
 1886 Moscow 
 
 . $ 200.00 
 
 1901. Namna 
 
 100.00 
 
 1904. Pavette 
 
 74.31 
 
 1908, Weiser 
 
 
 XUiuois, 
 
 1891-1902, Chicago, 
 
 1892 & 1902, Sterling, . 
 1897 Batavia 
 
 . $2,235.00 
 300.00 
 300.00 
 
 1900 Canton 
 
 50.00 
 
 1901. Elgin 
 
 500.00 
 
 ;.902, Swan Creek 
 
 1908, Rockford, . . .t. . . 
 
 100.00 
 
 1896, Pilot Knob 100.00 $ 100.00 
 
 1899, St. Francis 156.00 200.00 
 
 1903. Austin 100.00 
 
 1903, Mt. Hope 100.00 
 
 1904, Austin, 50.00 $1,106.00 
 
 Alaljama, 
 
 1905, Fruitdale, $ 200.00 $ 200.00 
 
 Arteona, 
 
 1896, Glendale, $ 200.00 $ 200.00 
 
 California, 
 
 1887, Covina $ 100.00 
 
 1897, Tropico, 150.00 $ 150.00 
 
 1901, Los Angeles, 100.00 
 
 1902, Lordsburg 150.00 
 
 1904, Laton 200.00 
 
 1911, Chlco 500.00 
 
 1912, Empire 1.000.00 
 
 1913, Raisin 1,500.00 $3,850.00 
 
 Colorado, 
 
 1896, Denver $ 250.00 
 
 1899, Grand Valley $ 250.00 
 
 1901, Villa Park 150.00 150.00 
 
 1902, Rocky Ford 100.00 
 
 1906, Fruita 600.00 
 
 1910, Mt. Garfield 1,500.00 
 
 1911, Mt. Clave 700.00 
 
 1911, Prowers 300.00 
 
 1913, Lowland 200.00 
 
 1913, TViley, 1,500.00 $6,250.00 
 
 Denmark, 
 
 1885. Hordum $1,200.00 $1,200.00 
 
 District of Columbia, 
 
 1900, Washington $9,833.05 $9,833.05 
 
 $ 100.00 
 
 Voo'.oo $i,'oV4".3i 
 
 450.00 
 
 500.66 '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 
 'i.'sbV.oo 's.Va'o'.oo 
 
 432
 
 Appendix 
 
 Indlaua, 
 
 
 
 1891, N. Brunswick 
 
 % 200.00 
 
 
 1892, West Lebanon, . . . 
 
 100.00 
 
 $ 100.66 
 
 1892. Hlllisburg 
 
 100.00 
 
 200.00 
 
 1892, Kewanna 
 
 200.00 
 
 
 1893, New Hope, 
 
 200.00 
 
 
 1897, Palestine, 
 
 100.00 
 
 100.66 
 
 1898, Sampson Hill, . . . 
 
 200.00 
 
 
 1898, Windfall 
 
 100.00 
 
 100.66 
 
 1 8Q8 Muncie 
 
 150.00 
 600.00 
 
 
 1899, Ft. Wayne 
 
 
 1902 & 1903, Portage, . . . 
 
 250.00 
 
 450.66 $3,150.66 
 
 Zowa, 
 
 
 
 1889 & 1891, Rock Grove, 
 
 $ 200.00 
 
 $ 300.00 . 
 
 1892, Irish Grove 
 
 200.00 
 
 
 1892, Boone River, 
 
 175.00 
 
 175.66 
 
 1893, Kingsley 
 
 loO.OO 
 
 
 1894, Cedar Rapids 
 
 350.00 
 
 
 1894, Cedar County, 
 
 150.00 
 
 
 1895, Sheldon, 
 
 100,00 
 
 
 1896, Des Moines 
 
 200.00 
 
 
 1902, Ottumwa, 
 
 200.00 
 
 
 1904 Morrill 
 
 150.00 
 
 
 1913 Slifer 
 
 500.00 $2,850.00 
 
 
 
 riorida, 
 
 
 
 1886 Keuka 
 
 $ 63.00 
 
 $ 63.00 
 
 
 
 Kansas, 
 
 
 1886, Belleville 
 
 $ lOO.O'O 
 
 
 1887, Pleasant View, . . . 
 
 200.00 
 
 
 1888, Plympton 
 
 125.00 
 
 
 1889, Walnut Valley, . . 
 
 200.00 
 
 300.66 
 
 1899. Chapman Creek, . . 
 
 
 254.67 
 
 1890, Newton 
 
 100.66 
 
 
 1890, Kansas Center, . . . 
 
 200.00 
 
 
 1890, Vermillion 
 
 100.00 
 
 300.66 
 
 1891, Cedar Creek 
 
 100.00 
 
 300.00 
 
 1892, Wades Branch, . . . 
 
 100.00 
 
 125.00 
 
 1892, Dorrance 
 
 178.00 
 
 
 1892, Monte Vista 
 
 200.00 
 
 150.66 
 
 1893, Prairie View, 
 
 200.00 
 
 100.00 
 
 1894, Eden Valley 
 
 150.00 
 
 
 1895, Scott Valley, 
 
 100.00 
 
 
 1895, Topeka 
 
 100.00 
 
 
 1895, Washington 
 
 200.00 
 
 150.66 
 
 1896, Wichita 
 
 100.00 
 
 
 1898 White 
 
 100.00 
 150.00 
 
 
 1898, Fort Scott, 
 
 200.00 
 
 1899, Parsons 
 
 200.00 
 
 400.00 
 
 1899, Kansas City 
 
 300.00 
 
 300.00 
 
 1899 and 1902. 
 
 
 
 North Solomon, . . 
 
 180.00 
 
 
 1900, Verdigris 
 
 
 200.66 
 
 1901 Labette 
 
 100.66 
 
 100.00 
 
 200.00 
 
 1901. Santa Fe. 
 
 
 1906, Fredonia, 
 
 
 200.66 
 
 1 <)1 1 Np'wton 
 
 ■300.66 
 
 800.00 
 
 1911 Bloom 
 
 800.00 
 
 1912, Verdigris, 
 
 
 1912, Lawrence 
 
 
 2,000.66 $16,662.67 
 
 433
 
 Appendix 
 
 KonlBlana, 
 
 1893, Esterly, 
 
 1895, Jennings $ 150.00 
 
 Klclilsran, 
 
 1890, Saginaw $ 200.00 
 
 1890, Rodney 175.00 
 
 1893 & '94, Sugar Ridge, 200.00 
 
 1898, Black River 75.00- 
 
 1902, Crystal Lake, 100.00 
 
 1906, Lake View 
 
 1911, Onekama, 
 
 aCiiLuesota, 
 
 1900, Worthington $ 100.00 
 
 lOlssoiirl, 
 
 1887, Honey Creek $ ISO.Oa 
 
 1888, La Forge, 200.00 
 
 1889, Cabool 100.00 
 
 1889, Mount View 40.00 
 
 1889 & '92, Mansfield, .. 150.00 
 
 1890, Waynesville 200.00 
 
 1890, Warrensburg, 
 
 1890, Mound 200.00 
 
 1892 & '97, Osceola, ... 125.00 
 1893, Spring Branch, . . . 150.00 
 1893, Nevada 
 
 1893, Dry Fork, 
 
 1896, Carthage 200.00 
 
 1896, Smith Grove 200.00 
 
 1897, Kidder 100.00 
 
 1901, Spring Run 75.00 
 
 1905, Frisco 
 
 Nebraska, 
 
 1887, Salem $ 100.00 
 
 . 1887, Sidney 250.00 
 
 1894, Golden Springs 
 
 1901, Highland 200.00 
 
 1901, Lincoln 200.00 
 
 1901, Vi^ood River, 150.00 
 
 1903, Red Cloud, 200.00 
 
 Xrew York, 
 
 1908, Brooklyn $29,300.00 
 
 JBTortli Carolina, 
 
 1891, Ashe County $ 125.00 
 
 North Dakota, 
 
 1897, Cando $ 100.00 
 
 1899 & 1901, Cando, .. 300.00 
 
 1901, Salem 200.00 
 
 1903, Turtle Mt 100.00 
 
 1903, Deer Park 100.00 
 
 1904, Berthold 150.00 
 
 1904, Rock Lake, 150.00 
 
 1904, Surrey 200.00 
 
 1905, Bowbells 
 
 1908, James River 
 
 1908. Williston, 
 
 434 
 
 % 200.00 
 
 $ 350.00 
 
 $ 100.00 
 
 '2oo'.66 '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 
 
 'soo'.oo '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 
 
 500.00 $1,850.00 
 
 100.00 
 150.00 
 
 Vo'o.oo 
 YoV.oo 
 VoV.oo 
 
 300.001 
 
 "iVo'.oo 
 '200.66 
 
 300.00 
 200.00 
 
 150.00 
 300.00 
 
 $ 200.00 
 600.00 
 
 '200'. 6 6 
 Vo'o.oo 
 
 500.00 
 
 600.00 
 
 1,000.00 
 
 $ 100.00 
 
 $3,440.00 
 
 $2,050.00 
 
 $ 125.00
 
 Appendix 
 
 1910, Roosevelt $ 300.00 
 
 1913, Egeland, 500.00 $5,350.00 
 
 Ohio, 
 
 1898, Circleville $ 100.00 
 
 1902, Lima, 200.00 | 300.00 
 
 OUahoma, 
 
 1895, Paradise Prairie, . $ 100.00 
 
 1898, Oalt Grove, 100.00 
 
 1898, Big Creek, 200.00 
 
 1901, Mt. Hope 100.00 100.00 
 
 1901, Mound Valley, ... 50.00 100.00 
 
 1902, Gutiirie, 300.00 100.00 
 
 1903 & 1904, Hoyle 150.00 120.00 
 
 1904, Guthrie 262.00 
 
 1904, Hancock 200.00 
 
 1904, Monitor 200. uO 
 
 1907, North Star 400.00 
 
 1909, Red River 500.00 
 
 1909, Bright Star 200.00 
 
 1910, Elk Creek 500.00 
 
 1911, Prairie Lake, 340.00 $4,022.00 
 
 Oregfon, 
 
 1892 & 1900, 
 
 Powell's Valley, .. $ 350.00 $ 200.00 
 
 1895, Mohawk 300.00 
 
 1895, Ashland 100.00 
 
 1904, Newberg, 250.00 
 
 1907, Weston 1,300.00 
 
 1913, Bandon 450.00 $2,950.00 
 
 Pennsylvania, 
 
 1895, Tyrone $ 250.00 
 
 1897, Bellwood, 100.00 200.00 
 
 1899, Mechanics Grove, 100.00 
 
 1899, Hanover 100.00 
 
 1900, Rockton 100.00 100.00 $ 950.00 
 
 Soutli Dakota, 
 
 1892, Bijou $ 125.00 $ 125.00 $ 250.00 
 
 Sweden, 
 
 1887, Kjefllnge $ 257.00 
 
 1888, Limhamn 810.00 
 
 1892, Vannaberga, 1,082.50 $2,149.59 
 
 Switzerland, 
 
 1901, Geneva, $2,650.00 
 
 Tennessee, 
 
 1888 $ 150.00 
 
 1889, Valley 60.00 
 
 1891, Knox County $ 100.00 
 
 1897, Piney Flats 50.00 50.00 
 
 1904, Crowson, 175.00 $ 585.00 
 
 Texas, 
 
 1888 & '89, Lipscomb, .. $ 558.97 
 
 1889, Farwell 250.00 
 
 1890, Clay County, 150.00 
 
 435
 
 Appendix 
 
 1893, Pomona $ 200.00 
 
 1900, Saginaw 150.00 $ 150.00 
 
 1911, Saginaw, 200.00 $1,658.97 
 
 Virginia, 
 
 1890, Patrick Co., $ 200.00 
 
 1893, Henry Co., 100.00 
 
 1894, Union, % 75.00 
 
 1895, Boanoke 200.00 
 
 1899, Staunton, 100.00 300.00 
 
 1901, Mt. Tanner, 100.00 
 
 1902, Mt. Joy 50.00 50.00 
 
 1903, St. Pauls 75.00 
 
 1903, Walnut Grove, ... 45.00 
 
 1905, Fairfax 600.00 
 
 1910, Christiansburg 350.00 $2,29o.00 
 
 WasMngton, 
 
 1901, Sunnyside $ 200.00 $ 300.00 
 
 1903, Centralia, 150.00 
 
 1905 & 1908, Spokane 1,100.00 
 
 1913, Tacoma 700.00 $2,450.00 
 
 West Virginia, 
 
 1889, Buckhannon $ 100.00 
 
 1891, Wicklow, 75.00 
 
 1893 & '94, Braxton Co., 100.00 $ 200.00 
 
 1894, Bethany 100.00 
 
 1898, Goshen 100.00 
 
 1899, Red Oak 100.00 
 
 1900, Beach Grove 50.00 
 
 1903. Indian Camp 100.00 $ 925.00 
 
 Wisconsin, 
 
 1892, Chippewa, $ 300.00 $ 100.00 
 
 1895, Barron 100.00 100.00 
 
 1898. Irvin Creek 100.00 100.00 
 
 1899, Ash Ridge 125.00 125.00 
 
 1904, Chippewa Valley, . 100.00 i:v„VAA 
 
 1904, Maple Groye 135.00 $1,285.00 
 
 Total $111,409.59 
 
 436
 
 Appendix 
 
 APPENDIX F 
 
 OISH FUB&ZSHZKG COSnOITTEi: AND TBEXB TERMS OF 
 
 SEBVICi: 
 
 The brethren who have served on the Gish Publishing Fund 
 are as follows: 
 
 1899 L. T. Holsinger 
 
 1900 
 
 1901 
 
 1902 
 
 1903 L. T. Holsinger 
 
 1904 
 
 1905 
 
 1906 
 
 1907 
 
 1908 
 
 1909 
 
 1910 
 
 1911 
 
 1912 
 
 1913 
 
 A. H. Puterbaugh J. H. Moore 
 
 L. T. Holsinger 
 Grant Mahan 
 
 J. H. B. Williams 
 J. H. B. Williams 
 
 J. E. Miller 
 
 J. E. Miller 
 J. E. Miller 
 
 J. E. Miller 
 J. E. Miller 
 
 J. H. Moore 
 
 J. W. Wayland 
 J. W. Wayland 
 
 J. W. Wayland 
 I. Bennett Trout 
 
 APPENDIX G 
 
 TOTAIi ANNX7AX, BECEIFTS OF THE GENEBAI^ MISSION 
 
 BOABD 
 
 1885, 
 1886, 
 1887, 
 1888. 
 1889, 
 1890, 
 1891, 
 
 .$ 
 
 3,407.37 
 3,074.84 
 3,877.29 
 4,184.41 
 5,587.28 
 7,936.32 
 7,628.09 
 
 1892, 11.513.14 
 
 1893 8,989.17 
 
 1894, 9,878.39 
 
 1895 10,691.78 
 
 1896 17,258.91 
 
 1897. 20,259.29 
 
 1898 31,423.06 
 
 1899, 32,123.09 
 
 1900, 50,978.07 
 
 1901, 39,112.74 
 
 1902, 41,215.52 
 
 1903 42,095.89 
 
 1904, 52,237.64 
 
 1905 58,004.59 
 
 1906, 69,142.17 
 
 1907, 66,960.89 
 
 1908, 67,642.63 
 
 1909 87,049.79 
 
 1910, 69,922.67 
 
 1911, 72,413.00 
 
 1912, 90,748.72 
 
 1913, 100,842.38 
 
 $1,086,199.13 
 
 437
 
 Appendix 
 APPENDIX H 
 
 MEMBERS OF THE GENEBAI. MISSION BOABD AND 
 THEIR TERM OF SERVICE 
 
 1880 
 
 E. 
 
 Eby 
 
 S. T. Bos- 
 
 J. Quinter 
 
 Jos. 
 
 Leedy 
 
 D. B. Bru- 
 
 
 
 
 serman 
 
 
 
 
 
 baker 
 
 No 
 
 reappointments 
 
 till 1884. 
 
 
 
 
 
 1884 
 
 D. 
 
 L. 
 
 D. Vani- 
 
 S. Kiddles- 
 
 
 E. 
 
 . Eby 
 
 C. P. Row- 
 
 
 Miller 
 
 man 
 
 berger 
 
 
 
 
 land 
 
 1885 
 
 
 
 «( 
 
 «i 
 
 E. 
 
 S. 
 
 Young 
 
 J. R. Gish 
 
 1886 
 
 
 
 «• 
 
 «< 
 
 
 
 II 
 
 II 
 
 1887 
 
 
 
 «< 
 
 tt 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 J. W. Price 
 
 1888 
 
 
 
 *t 
 
 II 
 
 C. 
 
 ,H 
 
 . Haw- 
 
 II 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 baker 
 
 
 1889 
 
 
 
 If 
 
 «< 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 «< 
 
 1890 
 
 
 
 « 
 
 41 
 
 
 
 41 
 
 4i 
 
 1891 
 
 
 
 <« 
 
 l< 
 
 J. 
 
 L. 
 
 Miller 
 
 14 
 
 1892 
 
 
 
 «i 
 
 L. A. Plate 
 
 
 
 " 
 
 4< 
 
 1893* 
 
 
 
 ti 
 
 II 
 
 
 
 II 
 
 C. W. Lahman 
 
 1893* 
 
 
 
 E. Eby 
 
 S. R. Zug 
 
 S. 
 
 F. 
 
 Sanger 
 
 S. W. Hoover 
 
 1894 
 
 
 
 *( 
 
 II 
 
 
 
 II 
 
 II 
 
 1895 
 
 
 
 ti 
 
 II 
 
 
 
 II 
 
 Isaac Frantz 
 
 1896 
 
 
 
 «< 
 
 tt 
 
 
 
 44 
 
 II 
 
 1S97 
 
 
 
 « 
 
 tt 
 
 
 
 II 
 
 L. W. Teeter 
 
 1898 
 
 
 
 « 
 
 A. B. Barn- 
 hart 
 
 
 
 II 
 
 44 
 
 1899 
 
 
 
 John Zuck ** 
 
 
 
 44 
 
 « 
 
 1900 
 
 
 
 it 
 
 II 
 
 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 1901 
 
 
 
 *t 
 
 14 
 
 H. C 
 
 !. Early 
 
 <4 
 
 1902 
 
 
 
 « 
 
 *t 
 
 
 
 II 
 
 II 
 
 1903 
 
 
 
 « 
 
 4* 
 
 
 
 II 
 
 S. P. Sanger 
 
 1904 
 
 
 
 *t 
 
 «t 
 
 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 1905 
 
 
 
 4t 
 
 tt 
 
 
 
 II 
 
 « 
 
 1906 
 
 
 
 <« 
 
 C. D. Bon- 
 sack 
 
 
 
 44 
 
 L. W. Teeter 
 
 1907 
 
 
 
 II 
 
 it 
 
 
 
 44 
 
 «< 
 
 1908 
 
 
 
 J. J. Yodei 
 
 
 
 *« 
 
 «« 
 
 1909 
 
 
 
 « 
 
 u 
 
 
 
 «f 
 
 « 
 
 1910 
 
 Galen B. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Royert 
 
 « 
 
 *t 
 
 
 
 <« 
 
 14 
 
 1911 
 
 
 tt 
 
 tt 
 
 i< 
 
 
 
 «« 
 
 Otho Win- 
 
 1912 
 
 
 H 
 
 M, 
 
 <i 
 
 
 
 « 
 
 ger 
 
 1913 
 
 *1983 is repeated because the General Church Erection 
 and Missionary Committee continued till 1894 while the Gen- 
 eral Missionary and Tract Committee began in 1893. 
 
 tD. Li. Miller became Life Advisory Member. 
 
 438
 
 Appendix 
 
 BECOBD OF OFFICXAJ^ SXBVZCE OF GENEBAZ; MISSION 
 
 BOABD 
 
 President Treasurer Secretary Asst. Sec'y 
 
 1880 E. Eby J. Quinter S. T. Bosserman 
 
 1884 E. Eby 
 
 1885 
 1886 
 1887 
 1888 
 
 1889 
 1890 
 1891 
 1892 
 1893 
 
 1894 
 1895 
 1896 
 1897 
 
 D. L. Miller D. L. Miller 
 
 Galen B. Royer 
 
 Galen B. Royer 
 
 1898 
 
 1899 D. L. M 
 
 [iller Galen B 
 
 
 Royer 
 
 1900 
 
 « 
 
 1901 
 
 f< 
 
 1902 
 
 <f 
 
 1903 
 
 fi 
 
 1904 
 
 <f 
 
 1905 
 
 M 
 
 1906 
 
 « 
 
 1907 
 
 C< 
 
 1908 
 
 « 
 
 1909 
 
 << 
 
 1910 
 
 «« 
 
 1911 
 
 M 
 
 1912 
 
 M 
 
 J. U. B. Williams 
 
 1913 
 
 439
 
 Appendix 
 
 APPENDIX I 
 
 MISSXONASIES AFFOIXTTEIt BY COKTEBEM'CE, TEAB BT 
 YSAB, WHETHEB THEY WENT TO THE FIEIiD 
 
 OB NOT 
 
 Not all can go; not all can give, though they be f»..v 
 who can not; but all can pray and should pray the 
 Lord of the harvest to send laborers into his harvest 
 field. The following list comprises all the missionaries 
 approved by Conference, some of whom, for one rea- 
 son or other, were not permitted to go after the 
 Brotherhood said, "Go." They are on the home base, 
 doing all they can for the Master, every one of them 
 a missionary at heart. One was called up higher be- 
 fore the time of sailing arrived. 
 
 1876, For Denmark: Christian Hope. 
 
 1894, For India: W. B. Stover, Mrs. W. B. Stover, Bertha 
 Ryan, A. W. Vaniman, Alice Vaniman. 
 
 1895, For Asia Minor: G. J. Fercken. 
 
 1896, For India: E. B. Hoff, Mrs. E. B. Hoff, Susie 
 Slusher. 
 
 1897, For India: S. N. McCann, D. L. Forney, Mrs. D. L. 
 Forney, Elizabeth Gibbel, Wm. M. Howe. 
 
 1898, 
 1899, 
 
 1900, For India: Adam Ebey, Susie Forney, Alice King, 
 Eliza B. Miller. 
 
 1901, For Sweden: A. W. Vaniman, Alice Vaniman. 
 
 1902, For India: Gertrude Rowland, D. J. Lichty, Jesse 
 Emmert. 
 
 1903, For India: Wm. H. Wertenbaker, I. S. Long, Nora 
 Arnold, Sadie J. Miller, Efifie Showalter, Anna Det- 
 weiler, J. M. Blough, Mary N. Quinter, S. P. Berke- 
 bile, Mrs. S. P. Berkebile. 
 
 1904, For India: J. M. Pittenger, Mrs. J. M. Pittenger, 
 E. H. Eby, Mrs. E. H. Eby, A. W. Ross, Mrs. A. 
 W. Ross, J. W. Swigart, S. P. Berkebile, Mrs. S. P. 
 Berkebile. 
 
 1905, 
 
 440
 
 Appendix 
 
 1906, For China: Frank H. Crumpacker, Mrs. Frank H. 
 
 Crumpacker, Emma Horning. 
 
 For India: Ella Miller, Josephine Powell, Chas. H. 
 
 Brubaker. 
 1907, 
 
 1908, For China: George W. Hilton, Mrs. George W. Hil- 
 ton , 
 
 For India: Ida Himmelsbaugh, Kathryn Zigler. 
 For Cuba: Blanche Lentz. 
 1909, 
 
 1910, For China: Minerva Metzger. 
 For India: Ida C. Shumaker. 
 
 1911, For Sweden: J. F. Graybill, Mrs. J. F. Graybill. 
 For France: Paul Mohler, Mrs. Paul Mohler. 
 
 For China: B. Franklin Heckman, Mrs. B. Franklin 
 
 Heckman, J. Homer Bright, Mrs. J. Homer Bright, 
 
 Anna Hutchison, Winnie Cripe. 
 
 For India: Grover L. Wine, Mrs. Grover L. Wine, 
 
 Q. A. Holsopple, Kathren Royer, J. I. Kaylor, Rose 
 
 Wagoner. 
 
 1912, For India: Herman B. Heisey, Mrs. Herman B. 
 Heisey, S. Olive Widdow^son, Anna M. Eby. 
 
 1913, For Sweden: Ida Buckingham. 
 
 For Denmark: A. F. Wine, Mrs. A. F. Wine. 
 For Chma: Dr. Fred Wampler, Mrs. Fred Wampler, 
 Dr. O. G. Brubaker, Mrs. O. G. Brubaker, Ernest 
 Vaniman, Mrs. Ernest Vaniman, Anna V. Blough. 
 For India: Dr. A. Raymond Cottrell, Mrs. Dr. A. 
 Raymond Cottrell, S. Ira Arnold, Mrs. S. Ira Ar- 
 nold, B. Mary Royer. 
 
 441
 
 UnDei 
 
 Abernathy, I. W. 269 
 
 Ahwa, India 162 
 
 Albaugh, H. P 183 
 
 Albright, J. S., 263 
 
 Africa, 108 
 
 Amick, Joseph, 123, 213, 214. 
 
 218, 220 
 
 Andes, J. S. 254 
 
 Ankleshwer, India 152 
 
 Annual Report 85, 100 
 
 Appeal for Home Work, ..26 
 
 Apportionment, 60 
 
 Appreciation 252 
 
 Arnold, Daniel 26 
 
 Arnold, Nora 155 
 
 Arnold, Robert E 221 
 
 Arnold, S. Ira 164 
 
 Ashland, Ohio, Conference, 81 
 Asia Minor 
 
 Beginning 194 
 
 Discontinued 199 
 
 Earliest Record 193 
 
 First Baptism 194 
 
 First Love Feast, 194 
 
 Home, 195 
 
 Organized, 195 
 
 Orphanage 195 
 
 Persecutions 196 
 
 Report of D. L. Miller, 197 
 
 Sympathy 197 
 
 Workers, 199 
 
 Assistance Systematized, 253 
 Assistance in Preparing 
 
 Workers 262 
 
 Barnhart, A. B., 155, 189, 191, 
 206. 207, 209. 218, 239, 252 
 
 Barwick, H. W 219 
 
 Bashor, S. H., 73 
 
 Beer. J. W 87 
 
 Beery, Cassie, 108 
 
 Berkebile. S. P., 155. 157, 161, 
 
 248 
 
 Bernard. Claude, 236 
 
 Bicentennial Offering. ...260 
 
 Bingaman, W. L 194, 246 
 
 Blessed Experiences, 145, 155 
 
 Blough, Anna V., 259 
 
 Blough, J. M 155, 162 
 
 Blough, Noah 121 
 
 Bock, S., 125 
 
 Bombshells 119 
 
 Book and Tract Work 
 
 Constitution 124 
 
 Officers 125 
 
 Examining Committee, .125 
 Meetings at Hoover's, ..126 
 
 Golden Gleams 128 
 
 List of Tracts and Pam- 
 phlets 129 
 
 Report of 1887 128 
 
 Circular about Endow- 
 ment 131 
 
 Distributions 132 
 
 Consolidation 138 
 
 Bosserman, S. T 122 
 
 Bowman, Benj 26 
 
 Bowman, Geo. C 92 
 
 Boyer, Allen, 251 
 
 Brethren Publishing 
 House 
 How It Came About, ...212 
 
 Subscription, 213 
 
 Publication D e p a rt - 
 
 ment, 214 
 
 Special Notice 215 
 
 Valuable Gift 216 
 
 New Location, 217 
 
 Elgin 218 
 
 New Paper 219 
 
 Management, 220 
 
 442
 
 Index 
 
 Record, a Good 220 
 
 Field Workers, 221 
 
 Job Work, 221 
 
 Music Editor 222 
 
 Messenger Editors, ...223 
 Messengers', Missionary, 222 
 
 S. S. Editor 223 
 
 Advantage 224 
 
 Contrast, 225 
 
 For Missions 224 
 
 Bright, J. Homer, ..257, 258 
 Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Beginning, 205 
 
 First Sunday-school, ...205 
 
 Love Feast 205 
 
 Italian Mission, 207 
 
 Buildings, 208 
 
 Spiritual Oversight, ...210 
 
 Financial 210 
 
 Brotherhood Divided, 57 
 
 Brubaker, Chas., 161, 162, 163 
 Brubaker, Cora Cripe, ...184 
 
 Brubaker, D. E 72 
 
 Brubaker, O. G., 259 
 
 Brumbaugh, H. B., 194, 214, 
 
 217, 246 
 
 Bucklew, Solomon, 77 
 
 Bulsar, India 149 
 
 Call of Workers 100,109 
 
 Campbell, D. C, 248 
 
 Canada, . 108 
 
 Carthage, Mo., Conference, 157 
 
 Caruso, John, 207 
 
 Charitable View, 43 
 
 Chicago Children's Mis- 
 sion, 181 
 
 Chicago Mission 
 
 Beginning 178 
 
 Organization 179 
 
 First Love Feast 179 
 
 Property Bought, 180, 182 
 
 General Board 180 
 
 Dispensary 182 
 
 Extension, S. S 180 
 
 Foreign Workers Here, 184 
 
 Transfer 185 
 
 Church Extension Union, .63 
 
 Church Paper in 1879, 72 
 
 Church Is Ready 78 
 
 Chirighotis, Demetrius, 199, 
 
 200 
 
 Circular to Brotherhood, ..98 
 Circular to Solicitors, ...101 
 
 City Missions, 105, 192 
 
 Civil War 43 
 
 Clark, D. C 204 
 
 Cobb, E. M 219, 221, 248 
 
 Colonizing — S e c o n d in 
 
 America 175 
 
 Colored People of South 
 Definite Proposition, ...202 
 Studying Conditions, ..203 
 
 Preparation 203 
 
 Mission Opened 204 
 
 Industrial 204 
 
 Commission Acknowledged, 34 
 Conference Meetings 
 
 Limestone, Tenn., 41 
 
 Elkhart, Ind 43 
 
 Consecration Prayer, .,..171 
 
 Constitutions, 93 
 
 Cottrell, A. R 164 
 
 Coventry Congregation, 
 
 Pa., 121 
 
 Cripe, Winnie 257-258 
 
 Crumpacker, F. H., ..254-2o6 
 
 Cuba 260 
 
 Cunningham, Mattie, 203-204 
 
 Davy, Henry 26, 57 
 
 Dahanu, India 154 
 
 Danish Tract Fund 51 
 
 "Dead Letter," 34 
 
 Deep Concern 147 
 
 Deeter, W. R., 93, 244 
 
 Denmark 
 
 Call from 52 
 
 Hope Arrives in 53 
 
 Eby and Fry Arrive, ... 54 
 
 Splendid Work '58 
 
 Neglect 58 
 
 Church Paper, 61 
 
 Outlook 81 
 
 Dark Picture, 82 
 
 Title to Property 84 
 
 Hope to America 115 
 
 C. Hanson in Care of, 116 
 
 Difficult Problem, 116 
 
 Memorial to Kings, ...201 
 
 443
 
 Index 
 
 Detwller, Anna 155 
 
 Dickey, L. H 92, 155 
 
 Deardorff, D., 179 
 
 Disappointment 35 
 
 District Boards Closer to 
 
 General Board 265 
 
 Advantages 266 
 
 Closer Bond Needful, ..267 
 
 List of 269 
 
 Table of Work 271 
 
 Early, H. C, 155, 172, 204. 223, 
 
 251, 252 
 
 Ebey, Adam, ..153, 154, 162 
 Eby, E. H., 157, 161, 162, 164, 
 
 310, 314 
 
 Eby, L.. H 133 
 
 Edwards, E. Bombay 185 
 
 Educational, 264 
 
 Emigration 22 
 
 Emmert, Gertrude, 184 
 
 Emmert, J. B 154 
 
 Emmert, Joseph, 26 
 
 Emmert, M. W., 183 
 
 Endowment, ...105, 107, 134 
 
 Beginning of 243 
 
 Investigated, 244 
 
 Opposed, 244 
 
 Total 245 
 
 Englar, A. and Eliz 214 
 
 Englar, Eliz 214 
 
 Englar, Margaret, 214 
 
 Eshelman, M. M., 51 
 
 Eskildsen, C. C 62 
 
 Called to Ministry 55 
 
 Ordained '56 
 
 Evangelii, Budbarare, ...246 
 Experience Not Required, 170 
 Extensive Occupation, ... 25 
 Extension, S. S., Chicago, 183 
 
 Fahrney, D. H., 73 
 
 Failure Continued 44 
 
 Falkenstein, G. N., 141 
 
 Fathers, Some Worthy, . . 26 
 
 Fercken, G. J., 193, 194, 195, 
 
 196, 197, 233, 235, 236, 237, 
 
 238, 239, 240 
 
 Fllbrun, D. S 243 
 
 Financial Burden, None, . 24 
 Finnell, Virgil C 221 
 
 Fitzgerald, J. W 72 
 
 Flohr, M. C 189 
 
 Flohry, John, 26 
 
 Flory, J. S., 73, 122 
 
 Foreign Missions, 27 
 
 Forney, D. L 151, 157 
 
 Forney, John 75 
 
 Forney, Susie 181 
 
 France 
 
 Oyonnax 234 
 
 Frantz, Isaac 172, 299 
 
 General Church Erection 
 and Mission Commit- 
 tee 95, 96 
 
 Geib, A. P 211 
 
 Geiger, Mary S., ...213. 237 
 
 Gerber, Abraham 26 
 
 Gerber, Daniel, 26 
 
 Gerber, Joseph 26 
 
 Gibbel, Eliz., ..151, 214. 356 
 
 Gibson. D. B 123 
 
 Gish, Jas. R.. 87. 121, 191, 230 
 
 Gish, Barbara 230, 231 
 
 Gish Publishing Fund, ..230 
 Gish Testament Fund 
 
 Great Need 191 
 
 Unique Book, 192 
 
 Golden Gleams 128 
 
 Gospel Tract Association. 121 
 Gospel Visitor, 24, 26. 29. 41 
 
 Grater, Eliz., 207 
 
 Graybill, J. F 248 
 
 Groff, B. G 212 
 
 Grote, Wm 218 
 
 Gujerati Quarterly, 162 
 
 Hamilton, Hiel 72 
 
 Hand Book 241 
 
 Hansen, C, ..52, 53, 54, 116 
 
 Harley. Samuel 82. 92 
 
 Harmony, Not in Full, ... 81 
 
 Heckman, B. F.. 257, 258 
 
 Heckman, John 221 
 
 Heisey, H. B 164 
 
 Helping Hand 241 
 
 Hendricks, Joseph, 123 
 
 Hepner, Jacob 125 
 
 Hickory Grove Congrega- 
 tion, 111 50 
 
 Hillary, Lemuel 121 
 
 444
 
 Index 
 
 Hilton, Geo. W., 2'o6, 257, 258 
 
 Hlmmelsbaugh, Ida 162 
 
 Hixon, A. J., 73 
 
 Hjorring Church, 55 
 
 Hoke, Geo 26 
 
 Holllnger, Albert, ..188, 189 
 
 Holslnger, H. R., 73, 87 
 
 Holsopple, Q. A 164 
 
 Home Mission Church, . . 21 
 
 Hoover, Jacob 26 
 
 Hoover, O. P., 149 
 
 Hoover, S. W., 125, 176, 192, 
 
 213, 243 
 
 Horning, Emma, 254, 257, 259 
 
 Howe, Ellz 180, 181 
 
 India 
 
 First Applicant, 140 
 
 Others Accepted 142 
 
 Official Call, 142 
 
 Pressure 144 
 
 First Missionaries 147 
 
 Sailing to 149 
 
 First Report, 149 
 
 Bulsar 149 
 
 Difficult Problems 150 
 
 Topee in 150 
 
 Orphanages, 151 
 
 Accessions, 151 
 
 Mingling of Castes, ...151 
 
 Navsari 152 
 
 Famine, 152 
 
 Ankleshwer 152 
 
 Wind Pump 153 
 
 Results of Famine 153 
 
 First Furlough 153 
 
 First Represented at 
 
 Conference 153 
 
 Statistics, 1901 154 
 
 Gifts to Famine 154 
 
 Blessed Beginnings, ..156 
 
 District Board 157 
 
 Waterloo Building, 160 
 
 Vali, 160 
 
 Vada 161 
 
 Vyara 161 
 
 Orphanage, United, ...161 
 Dr. Yereman With- 
 draws 161 
 
 Educational, 161, 166 
 
 Jhagadla, 162 
 
 Ahwa 162 
 
 Gujerati Quarterly, ...162 
 Death of Ebey Chil- 
 dren, 162 
 
 Native Dist. Mission 
 
 Board 162 
 
 Support 163 
 
 First Missionary to die, 163 
 
 Development 164 
 
 Boarding School at 
 
 Vyara 164 
 
 Medical 165 
 
 Industrial 165 
 
 Sunday-school 165 
 
 Evangelistic 166 
 
 Statistics of 1913 167 
 
 Imler, T. F 221 
 
 Illinois, Northern 
 
 Special Dist. Meeting, . 52 
 
 Petition Rejected 57 
 
 Protest 67 
 
 Individual Views, 72 
 
 Inglenook, The 219, 260 
 
 Incorporation 107 
 
 Iowa, Middle 101 
 
 Jhagadla, India, 162 
 
 Jerusalem, 261 
 
 Johnson, Christian 26 
 
 Johnson, Stephen 261 
 
 Kaylor, J. I., 164 
 
 Kilhefner, David 133 
 
 King, Alice, 153 
 
 Kline, John's Home, 26 
 
 Kline, John 38 
 
 Krieghbaum, H. M 220 
 
 Kurtz, Henry, 26 
 
 Layman, Samuel 26 
 
 Laymen May Go 264 
 
 Leedy, Jos 72 
 
 Leester, John, 214 
 
 Lentz, Blanche 219, 260 
 
 Lentz, G. W 244 
 
 Lichty, D. J 154, 166 
 
 Lint, C. G 77 
 
 Livengood, J. D 72 
 
 Locate Ministers, 101 
 
 Long, L S., .155, 157, 163, 164 
 Longenecker, J. H., 244 
 
 445
 
 Index 
 
 Lyon, Wm 187 
 
 Mahan, Grant, ..219, 223, 261 
 
 Maugans, J. C, 211 
 
 Marum, Alfred 211 
 
 Meetinghouses . . 
 
 Funds Offered for, ... 91 
 Rules for Loans on, 107, 177 
 Loans on Easy Terms, .178 
 Members of Mission Ex- 
 empt from Committee 
 
 Service, 252 
 
 Memorial to Kings 201 
 
 Mentzer, A. W., 214 
 
 Metzger, John 26, 38, 123 
 
 Metzger, John E 221 
 
 Metzger, Minerva, 257 
 
 Mexico, Pa., Conference, .104 
 
 Miller, B. F., 125 
 
 Miller, D. L., 95, 96, 97, 99, 
 100, 101, 112, 115, 117, 
 123, 140, 150, 155, 160, 
 176, 178, 180, 182, 185, 
 194, 196, 197, 198, 212, 
 213, 214, 215, 217, 220, 
 234, 244, 246, 248, 250, 
 
 252 
 
 Miller, Mrs. D. L 140, 198 
 
 Miller, D. M 87, 99, 123 
 
 Miller, Eliza, 153, 162 
 
 Miller, Ella 161, 162, 183 
 
 Miller, Jacob 2 6 
 
 Miller, J. Kurtz, 206. 208, 209 
 Miller, Howard, ...66, 68, 219 
 
 Miller, R. H 74, 125 
 
 Miller, R. "W 182 
 
 Miller, S. C 219 
 
 Miller, Sadie J 155 
 
 Miller. W. D 209 
 
 Miller, W. R., 179, 180, 181, 
 
 182, 239, 248 
 
 Ministry, a Paid Feared, 84 
 
 Minnich, Adam, 125 
 
 Missionaries 
 
 How to Secure Them, .205 
 Requirements, ....170, 171 
 
 Consecration, 171 
 
 Disabled 227 
 
 Missionary Reading Cir- 
 cle, 241 
 
 Missionary Meetings Un- 
 der Control of Stand- 
 ing Committee 104 
 
 Missionary and Ministe- 
 rial Relief Fund, ....228 
 Missions a Precursor of 
 
 evil, 79 
 
 Missionary Visitor, 112 
 
 Revived 113 
 
 Dollar Basis 113, 204 
 
 Mohler, Paul 239, 240 
 
 Mohler, S. S 93, 99, 125 
 
 Money for Missions Only, 252 
 Money in Missions De- 
 structive 79 
 
 Moomaw, B. F 125 
 
 Moomaw, D. C, 75 
 
 Moore, J. H.. 51. 72, 78, 119, 
 120, 140, 172, 198, 214, 
 
 217, 218, 223 
 
 Muntz, Simon 121 
 
 Murray, J. C 172 
 
 Murray, Samuel 26 
 
 Murray, M. R., 248 
 
 Myers, C, 269 
 
 Myers, M. R 183 
 
 Myers, S. H 186, 187 
 
 McCann, S. M., 151, 152, 161. 
 
 162, 261 
 
 McGachey, Eliza J 133 
 
 Navsari, India, 152 
 
 Neff, Jas. M 133, 241 
 
 Neher, J. H 203 
 
 Nellson, C, 55 
 
 Newcomer, Edith 241 
 
 New Experiences 14o 
 
 New Field Perplexing, ..139 
 
 Not Hasty 139 
 
 Nyce, W. G., 272 
 
 Oldham, Ada ,. . . 211 
 
 Oiler, J. F 213 
 
 Oiler, May 198 
 
 Ohio, Southern 67, 108 
 
 Ollnger, J. K., 121 
 
 Oberholtzer Home 80 
 
 Offerings at Conference, 226 
 
 One Cent per "Week, 107 
 
 One Dollar per Year 225 
 
 Opposition 29 
 
 446
 
 Index 
 
 Orphanaire In Asia Minor, 195 
 
 Orphanage In China 259 
 
 Orphanage in India 151 
 
 Orphanage In Switzer- 
 land, 237 
 
 Our Young People 219 
 
 Pangs of Division, 88 
 
 Papers in 1879 72 
 
 Pellet, Adrian, 236, 237, 238, 
 
 239, 240 
 
 Pa., Eastern, ...207, 208, 210 
 Pa., Eastern New York, 
 
 and New Jersey 210 
 
 Pa., Middle 57, 67 
 
 Pa., Western 44, 67, 70 
 
 Pa., Elk Lick Congrega- 
 tion, 70 
 
 Pertle Springs, Mo., Con- 
 ference, 112 
 
 Pfautz, David 26 
 
 Pilgrim, The 51 
 
 Pilot, The, 219, 242 
 
 Pittenger, J. M., 157, 161, 162 
 
 Poulson, Christina, 53 
 
 Powell, Josephine, 161 
 
 Price, David 123, 179 
 
 Price, John, 26 
 
 Price, J. W 140 
 
 Primitive Christian, 72, 74, 
 
 75, 76, 77, 81, 83, 84, 85 
 
 Priser, J. B 133 
 
 Prison Endured 63, 177 
 
 Program at Conference 
 
 Missionary Meeting, 171 
 Progressive Christian, ... 53 
 
 Progress Slow 33 
 
 Quinlan, Jas., 133 
 
 Quinter, Jas., 38, 66, 67, 72, 
 
 76, 80, 85, 86, 95, 100, 120 
 
 Quinter, Mary 155, 184 
 
 Rairigh, Geo. S 206, 208 
 
 Reading Circle 241 
 
 Reading, Pa., Congrega- 
 tion 133 
 
 Receipts Increased, 104 
 
 Reichard, Daniel 26 
 
 Reunion Longed For 89 
 
 Rlddlesberger, S., 95 
 
 Eittenhouse, A. H., 225 
 
 Rittenhouse, David 26 
 
 Root, C. C 121 
 
 Rosenberger, Eliz 242 
 
 Rosenberger, I. J., ..213, 220 
 
 Ross, A. W 157 
 
 Rowland, C. P 61, 95 
 
 Rowland, Gertrude, 154, 184 
 
 Royer, B. Mary 164 
 
 Royer, John 26 
 
 Royer, J. G., 36, 178, 179, 180 
 
 Royer, Margaret, 214 
 
 Royer, S. D 125, 128 
 
 Ryan, Bertha. 145, 147, 152. 
 
 184, 185 
 
 Sanger, S. F., 155, 182, 189, 
 
 206, 218, 252 
 
 Sayler, D. P., 26, 38 
 
 Scandinavians in Amer- 
 ica 175 
 
 Loss by Immigration, ..175 
 
 Colonization Approved, 175 
 
 Securing Missionaries, ,-109 
 
 Sell, Jas. A 244 
 
 Sell, W. B 99 
 
 Senger, Martha C 133 
 
 Series of Meetings 37 
 
 Sharp, S. Z., 73, 123 
 
 Shively, Daniel 133 
 
 Shively, Geo 26 
 
 Shumaker, Ida C, 164 
 
 Sisters' Mission Bands, ..107 
 
 Situation, the Real 36 
 
 Snavely, J. Y., 121 
 
 Snyder, John R 242, 253 
 
 Solicitors, 101 
 
 Song Book, Small, 106 
 
 South America 263 
 
 Spare, Nathan 179 
 
 Standards, Certain Re- 
 quired, 169 
 
 Standing Committee, 145 
 
 Standing Committee Ap- 
 pointed by Bishop, . . 36 
 
 Stoner, Ephraim 146 
 
 Stover, W. B., 140, 141, 145, 
 146, 147, 153, 162, 164, 
 
 185, 241 
 
 Strayer, Ephraim ,. . . 209 
 
 Strayer, Waldo 211 
 
 447
 
 Index 
 
 Struss, Lillian 211 
 
 Studebaker, Jesse 92 
 
 Sugar Creek Congrega- 
 tion, Ohio, 43 
 
 Suggestions by Chair, ..263 
 
 Summary, 1880 62 
 
 Summary, 1894 114, 117 
 
 Summary for Nine Tears, 134 
 Sweden 
 John Olsson in Charge, 116 
 
 Difficult Problems 116 
 
 Memorial to King, ....201 
 
 Swigart, J. W., 157 
 
 Switzerland 
 
 Why 234 
 
 Place of Worship 234 
 
 Church for Sale 235 
 
 Tavel, C 234 
 
 Teaching Not Guarded, .119 
 Teeter, L. W., ..74, 155, 218 
 
 Texiere, Martin 211 
 
 Title of Property in Den- 
 mark, 84 
 
 Thomas, Silas 79 
 
 Topee in India 150 
 
 Thurman, W. C 119 
 
 Tracts 
 
 C. Hope. 48 
 
 Sound 120 
 
 Bound 133 
 
 Distributers 132, 177 
 
 List of 128 
 
 Examining, 113, 125, 173 
 
 Appendix A 
 
 Doctrinal 135, 173 
 
 List of 1894 136 
 
 Revision 174 
 
 Tract Association, 121 
 
 Traveling Secretaries, 111, 
 
 261, 263 
 
 Trostle, J. W 87 
 
 Trout, L B., 155, 220, 222. 
 
 223, 252 
 
 Ulery, J. Edson, 206, 207. 208 
 
 Ulery, Julia 213 
 
 Umstead, John 26 
 
 Utah, 106, 243 
 
 Vada, India, 161 
 
 VanDyke^ Cassie B., 108 
 
 VanDyke, Dr. G. H., 181, 182 
 Vaniman, Albert and Alice, 
 
 142, 145, 146, 202, 203, 
 
 245, 246 
 
 Vaniman, D., 93, 95, 96, 99, 
 123, 128, 140, 141, 144, 
 
 171, 212 
 
 Vaniman, Ernest, 259 
 
 Vault, Library 251 
 
 Vindicator, 73, 79, 80 
 
 Visiting Mission Fields, .111 
 
 Vyara, India 161 
 
 Wampler, Fred J 259 
 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 How Begun 186 
 
 Disappointment 186 
 
 Reconsideration 187 
 
 Meetinghouse, ...188, 189 
 
 Resignation, 188 
 
 Care of Eastern Mary- 
 land 190 
 
 Waterloo Building In In- 
 dia 160 
 
 Webster, Ella Raffen- 
 
 berger 133 
 
 Wenger, Samuel 213 
 
 Wertenbaker, W. H 155 
 
 West, Landon 77, 125 
 
 Wetzel, Paul, 52 
 
 Wleand, A. C 248 
 
 Williams, J. H. B 114 
 
 Wilt, J. W 87, 99 
 
 Wine, A. F 250 
 
 Winger, Otho 242 
 
 Winona Lake, Indiana, ..225 
 
 Wirt, James 121 
 
 Wise, John 85 
 
 Wolfe, John 26 
 
 Working Decision 72 
 
 World-wide 27 
 
 Yandt, Abraham 26 
 
 Tereman, O. H., 156, 161, 195 
 
 Yoder, J. J 264 
 
 Young Disciple, 72, 219 
 
 Young, E. S., ..101, 278, 290 
 
 Zigler, Kathryn 162 
 
 Zollers, Geo. D 50 
 
 Zook, John, 93, 155, 252 
 
 448
 
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