L I B RARY OF THE U N I VLR.5 ITY or ILLl NOIS 920. 0773» (wpftiffiWsto >• • tlie Gourt ofilallip U,Spam.by SiijtoomoMoro.fl^mhirojriiiiiaiuiesi die Palace ol'Ri:di)e.sinj>e hirniei. THE BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY PORTRAIT GALLERY REPRESENTATIVE MEN OF CHICAGO T WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. WITH JJ,I.lSTKATIONS ON STRUT,. CHICAGO AND NIAV V(^RK: AMERICAN BIOGRAPHICAL PUBLISHING COMPANY, H. C. COOPER, JR.. & CO,, PROPRIETORS, 1892. PRESS OF KNIGHT, LEONARD & CO. CHICAGO. PREFACE. THE compiling and publishing in permanent form, biographies of our successful and representative business and professional men is of comparativel}' recent date. Our work in this line began in 1S73 ; and such has been the favor with which our former books have been received by our patrons and the public, that we were encour- ao-ed to prepare this volume to be issued simultaneously with the celebration of the four hundredth anniversar}' of the discover^' of America by Christopher Columbus. The value of such a work is commensurate with tlie character of those whose life- histories it contains, and the accuracy of the statements that are made concerning them. We have tried to exercise due care in selecting our subjects and in avoiding superfluous statements — the task has been a difficult one — and while we have spared neither time, labor, nor mone}-, in carr\-iug out our purpose, our experience teaches us not to flatter ourselves that we have, in every instance, realized our ideal. The large number of steel-plate portraits with which this volume is adorned, are life-likenesses wrought in the highest stj-le of the engraver's art. Our earnest purpose has been to make a book that should be worthy of the time and the subject-matter represented. In as far as we have done this, our success is the highest reward we could ask. Wherein we have failed, we may be pardoned if we crave that indulgence which, we believe, a generous public will cheerfully grant to those who have conscientiously tried to do their best. *2f^!^;;; uri^J^ oi /YV»'-»^»-«*^'-^i- BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY PORTRAIT GALLERY. PHILIP D. AR.MOUR, CHICAGO. ILL. MR. ARMOUR is distinctively American. So were his ancestors both hneal and col- lateral for generations. In the early history of the paternal wing of the family, special mention is made of the ancestors as having " bright ideas, and noted for their clever acts." The maternal branch of the family is of old Puritan stock, and said to possess an unusual amount of good com- mon-sense. Such was the ancestry of Danforth Armour and Julianna Brooks, the father and mother. They left Union, Conn., September, 1825, and settled at Stockbridge, Madison Co., N. Y., where Philip D. Armour was born, May 16, 1832. There were six brothers and two sisters. Farm- ing was their occupation. Habitual frugality and industry were the fundamental principles and characteristic features of the parents. These family tenets were laid down in their simplest forms and instilled with human sunshine into the life of each child. Their school days were the best the local red school-house could afford. Some of the children were fortunate enough to attend the neighboring village seminary. This was the case with Philip, and many are the anec- dotes that are related of him. He was genial to a degree, healthy, resolute and strong; he held his own wherever events found him ; not a fol- lower, but a leader, of his schoolmates, as latter events were bound to make him among his fellow- men. During the winter of 1S51 and 1S52, the ex- citement attending the gold discovery in Cali- fornia having spread over the country, a party was organized to make the overland trip. Mr. Armour was invited to join them, and was in- fluenced by a growing desire to get out into the world. A country life on Stockbridge hills was too obscure for one so tempered. He was enter- ing his manhood, and to go was only to satisfy his ambition. The party left Oneida, N. Y., in the spring of 1852, and reached California six months later. In making this trip they were not exempt from the trials and dangers attending similar journeys. A miner's life, as everyone knows, has its pri- vations and uncomfortable surroundings. These were not to be endured in vain. The pitfalls and vices so common in a country that was turned over to so many adventurers could not find lodgment with one of so resolute a character and fixed a purpose. The vicissitudes of his early experience rather tended to broaden his views and knit together his dominant characteristics. In 1856 he returned to the I-last and visited his parents, whom' he always hold in reverential affection. He minutely laid before them all he had accomplished during his absence. To a few of the most intimate friends of the family the father whispered the fact of the young man hav- ing brought back some money with him. After remaining with them for a few weeks, he once more turned westward and finally located in Milwaukee, where he formed a co-partnership and BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY AND PORTRAIT GALLERY. entered the commission business with Frederick B. Miles. After a successful run they dissolved in 1863. The dogmatic and persistent way in which he pursued his business, his characteristic manner in grasping out for new ideas, brought him prominently before his fellow townspeople. Though yet young, he was looked upon by many with almost envy at the prestige he had attained. In the spring of 1863, there occurred what later years proved the forerunner of a very successful business engagement in the joint co-partnership arrangement between Jno. Plankinton and Philip Armour. Mr. Plankinton had been for some years previously engaged in the pork-packing industry with Frederick Layton. This firm had dissolved as that also of Miles & Armour before mentioned. Mr. Plankinton was Mr. Armour's senior, and had been a resident of Milwaukee for a much longer period. He had established a most thriving business, which had been conducted with unerring judgment. He stood high as a mer- chant and commanded the respect of all as a public-spirited citizen. This was Mr. Armour's opportunity. How well he handled himself and the business that fell to him, the history of the commercial world is alone our witness. To the pork-packing business of Mr. Plankinton he brought that unremitting labor and concentration of thought that were so peculiarly his own. The fluctuations in the price of provisions at the closing scenes of the war left the firm with a fortune. This with the developments of the country gave them an opportunity of extending their growing business. At Chicago, in 1862, Mr. Armour's brother, Herman O. Armour, had established himself in the grain commission business, but was induced to surrender this to a younger brother, Joseph F. Armour, in 1865, and take charge of a new firm in New York, then organized under the name of Armour, Plankinton & Co. The organization of the New York House was most obvious. The financial condition of the West at that period did not permit of large lines of credit necessary for the conducting of a business assuming such magnitude, and it was, therefore, as events proved, most fortunate that the duties devolving on the head of this house should fall to one so well qualified to handle them. He wSs not only equal to the emergency, but soon became favorably known as a man possessing great financial ability, and was, in fact, the Eastern financial agent of all the Western houses. The firm name of H. O. Armour & Co. was continued at Chicago until 1870. They continued to handle grain, and commenced packing hogs in 1868. This part of the business, however, was conducted under the firm name of Armour & Co., and in 1870 they assumed all the business trans- acted at Chicago. The business of all these houses, under their efficient managements, grew to dimensions that were the marvel of the trade. Their brands became as well known in all the markets of the world as at home. It became evident in 1871 that the stock pro- ducing power of the country was migrating west- ward, and in order to keep abreast of the times they established at Kansas City the firm known as Plankinton & Armours. This enterprise was under the immediate supervision of Mr. Simeon B. Armour, an elder brother. The failing health of Joseph, at Chicago, necessitated assistance, and Milwaukee, as we have already seen, had brains to spare; consequently Philip moved to Chicago in 1875, where he has since resided. The fraternal feelings manifested on every occasion for the welfare and prosperity of his own family were noticeable in the organization of the Armour Bros. Banking Co., at Kansas City, Mo., in 1879. At that time there remained at the old homestead at Stockbridge, the last of the Armours, Andrew Watson. This new institution was created for this brother, and he assumed the presidency of its management, conducting its affairs with signal ability. As an illustration of the acuteness and quick perception which is the fam- ily trait, we must be allowed to digress and relate an incident of this man. Soon after first having been installed in ofifice, a member of a Montreal firm, who had enjoyed extensive transactions with the Chicago house, and stood high in commercial circles, while at Kansas City, on his way to a depot from his hotel, it occurred to him he had not sufficient money to procure the necessary transportation to a point in Texas where he was en route. Looking around he noticed the bank- ing sign and thought of his relations with the Chicago house. It occurred to him that the bank might be induced to cash a draft on his Montreal house for twenty-five dollars, notwith- BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. Standing he was a total stranger. He applied to the teller and related his story, who promptly refused, but told him he had better see the cash- ier. He also declined, but told him to lay the matter before Mr. Armour. So, for the third time, he repeated his story to Mr. Armour, who asked him if twenty-five dollars was not a pretty small amount, and if he would not be better pleased with fifty dollars. He replied in the nega- tive, and said twenty-five dollars was sufficient. As quick as a flash the farmer president told him he could have the money. H he had been a rascal he would have taken the fifty dollars. It is needless to say the draft was paid. It is not to be wondered at that the manage- ment of the many millions that were invested at the other points mentioned, should take their cue and follow in the footsteps of the wise and in- trepid California pioneer at Chicago. This was done invariably with alacrity, and so harmonious- ly that it has made them all renowned. It is im- possible to convey to one not familiar with the scope of the business its magnitude. The dis- tributive sales of the Chicago house alone are in excess of the gross receipts of any railroad cor- poration of the world. Even in a business of these dimensions there was nothing too great for Mr. Armour to handle, nothing so small that he could overlook. Mr. Armour's capacity for work is something wonderful. He is at his desk by 7 A. M., and fre- quently before. Fatigue is an unknown term. He has traveled extensively, but wherever time has found him, it has been among those who con- sumed his products, and where, necessarily, his agencies had been established, his mind would turn intuitively to his industries, and thus his recreation became a source by which he qualified himself as to the merits of his representatives as well as the requirements of the people and their condition. He is a close observer, and can give as clear and accurate a forecast of the coming finan- cial condition of the country as it is possible to do. At the earnest solicitation of the late Alex. Mitchell, he became one of the directory of the St. Paul Railway. This is the only office he has ever held. Political preferment is not the bent of his mind or his ambition. He was never known to occupy a public office. Mr. Armour was married to Belle Ogden, at Cincinnati, Ohio, in October, 1862. She was the only daughter of Jonathan Ogden. In making mention of this circumstance, it must occur to anyone who has been fortunate enough to have been at all intimate with the family historj-, that their home life has been singularly happy. Domestic economy was no more truly one of the hearthstones of Mr. Armour's inheritance than it was of Mrs. Armour's. These family pre- cepts were laid down and fostered in every way. They have two sons, Jonathan Ogden and Philip D., both under thirty years of age, and active partners with their father. He has made them millionaires. It can safely be said they will carry their honors gracefully and with becoming mod- esty. They are quiet in manner; nothing can agitate them, and it is pretty sure guessing that the name of Armour will never be tarnished by their acts. Their father, the most affable of men, approach- able, notwithstanding his great cares and re- sponsibilities, leaves all of this at his office and enters his family circle to find that joy and con- tentment which alone springs from an adminis- tration of home life that is so simple, gracious, and of such an unostentatious character. In January, 1881, Joseph F. Armour died, and bequeathed one hundred thousand dollars for the founding of a charitable institution. He wisely directed that the carrying out of his benevolent design should be chiefly entrusted to his brother, the subject of this sketch. In accepting the trust so imposed, he has given to it the same energetic and critical attention that he has given to his private affairs, and has added a large amount to his brother's bequest. And it may also be said of Mr. Armour, that while he is disposed to be liberal in his religious views, his time on the Sabbath day is mainly given to the churches of his choosing. In the afternoon of every Sunday during the year this wonderful protege, founded by his brother, and cherished by himself, receives his individual care and attention, and it is the individuality of the patron that gives so much life to the insti- tution. It is this combination of industry, untiring,' energy and philanthropy that has made the name of Philip D. Armour not only so potent in the 8 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. West, but a recognized leader among the mer- chants of the world. Such is a brief history of a man who, by his own energy, perseverance and indomitable strength of character, has achieved a reputation that entitles him to rank among the leading merchants of the world, due alone to his keen foresight and honesty of purpose, and a bright example to the rising generation of what can be accom- plished by untiring energy and attention to busi- ness. His success has been truly wonderful, and due alone to his individual efforts. One of the most active of men, never idle, and keeping his wealth in motion for the interests of the city he lives in, his name in commercial circles is a tower of strength, and with him there is no such word as " fail " in anything he undertakes. Of medium height, with a keen and expressive eye, he is to- day the embodiment of health, and it is to be hoped he may "live long" to enjoy the fruits of his industrious life. LYMAN J. GAGE, CHICAGO, ILL. THE subject of this biography has been a resident of Chicago for thirty-seven years and during that time has come to be known as one of the leading financiers, not only of that city, but also of the nation. He is a native of Pvladison county, New York, and was born in 1836, the son of Eli A. Gage, one of the early settlers of that county, and a hatter by occupa- tion. When seventeen years of age, Lyman closed his studies in school, and accepting a posi- tion in the Oneida Central Bank at Rome, New- York, began that business career in which he achieved a most laudable success, and made for himself an honorable name. In 1855 he removed to Chicago, and for some three years was em- ployed by a lumber and planing-mill firm, located at the corner of Canal and Adams streets. His natural liking for the banking business, however, led him to make a change as soon as a suitable opportunity offered, and in 1858 he became a book-keeper for the Merchants' Loan and Trust Company of Chicago, at a salary of five hundred dollars per annum, and held that position till 1863, when he was made assistant cashier of the bank. During this time Mr. Gage made a careful study of the banking business, familiarizing himself with all its minutest details, and came to be known in local financial circles as a man of progressive yet conservative ideas, and unusual executive ability. In recognition of this ability and fitness he was, a few months later, made cashier of the First National Bank of Chicago, which had been organ- ized May I, 1863, with a capital of §100,000, which was speedily increased to $1,000,000, with Mr. E. Aiken as president ; Mr. Samuel W. Aller- ton, vice-president ; Mr. E. E. Braisten, cashier, and Messrs. E. Aiken, S. W. Allerton, S. G. D. Howard, B. P. Hutchinson, Samuel M. Nickerson, Tracy J. Brown, John B. Sherman, Byron Rice and E. G. Hale as directors. Upon the death of Mr. Aiken, in 1867, Mr. Samuel M. Nickerson was elected president, and in August of the following year Mr. Gage was made cashier. The bank was at that time located at the southwest corner of Clark and Lake streets, but afterwards was removed to the southwest corner of State and Washington streets. During the general conflag- ration of October 9, 1871, its safes and vaults were but little damaged and not a security or valuable was lost, and after a temporary removal, on January i, 1872, again occupied its rebuilt structure. The capital remained $1,000,000 until the expiration of the charter in 1882, when the reserve or surplus fund over and above dividends was found to be over $1,800,000. In May of that year a new organization was effected under the same designation, with a cash capital of $3,000,- 000, with Samuel M. Nickerson as president ; Lyman J. Gage, vice-president ; H. R. Symonds, cashier; H. M. Kingman, assistant cashier, and R. J. Street, second assistant cashier, and the business was removed to its present magnificent building at the northwest corner of Dearborn and Monroe streets. During the time since the new organization Mr. Gage has been the general man- ager and chief executive officer of the institution, BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. and has come to be recognized as among the most far-sighted, broad-minded and substantial bankers of his time. He is now president of the bank. In 1S83 he was elected president of the Ameri- can Bankers' Association, at their meeting held in Louisville, and the following year was re-elected at the meeting of the association in Saratoga. He was one of the prime movers in the economi- cal conference of 1888-89, looking to the welfare and interests of wage workers. From the incipi- ency of the World's Columbian E.xposition he has been untiring in his efforts in its behalf and foremost among its promoters, and from his com- manding position, and in recognition of his emi- nent fitness, was naturally selected as president of its local Board of Directors, bringing to the office, as he did, the ripe fruitage of a rich and varied experience in financial and business afTairs. Mr. Gage is now serving as a member of the local Board of Directors and is one of the most ac- tive members of that body. CHARLES LAWRENCE HUTCHINSON, CHICAc;o. ILL. THE subject of this biography is pre-eminent- ly a Chicago product, than whom no one is worthier of representation in a work illustra- ting the lives and deeds of leading men. A native of Lynn, Massachusetts, he was born on March 7, 1854, the son of Benjamin P. Hutch- inson and Sarah M. (Ingalis) Hutchinson. The father is one of Chicago's most successful busi- ness men, whose operations in the commercial world, and especially on the Chicago Board of Trade, have won for him a national reputation as a far-sighted financier, a shrewd trader and a man of indomitable will and unfaltering courage. The mother of our subject is a woman of exemplary Christian character, esteemed and loved for her kindness and nobility of character and her chari- table and benevolent deeds. When Charles was two years old, his parents removed to Chicago, where he received his education in the public schools, growing up with the growth of the city. Upon liis graduation from the High School in 1873, being then seventeen years of age, he at once engaged in busmess with his father, and began that business career w-hich has, throughout, been characterized by persevering energy, unflag- ging enterprise and honorable dealing, and crowned with success. His first year in business was in the grain trade ; the second in the packing busi- ness, after which he was for three years connected with his father's banking house, in every depart- ment of which he became thoroughly versed, making the business a special study. On the organization of the Corn Exchange Bank, Mr. Hutchinson was made president. Under his careful and able management this has prospered, increasing in public esteem until it stands to-day one of the solid and substantial financial institu- tions of Chicago. As a member of the Chicago Board of Trade he is held in high esteem and in recognition of his ability and fitness as an execu- tive officer and leader, his fellow members in 1888 elected him president of that organization. He is largely interested in Chicago's packing interests ; is a director in the Chicago Packing and Provision Co.; a director in the Chicago Street Railway Co.; a director in the Auditorium Co., and officially connected with other business and financial concerns. Aside from his business relations, Mr. Hutch- inson has always shown a commendable public- spiritedness, and has always stood ready to devote his time and energy and money to the welfare of Chicago and the public good. To his enterpris- ing spirit and personal effort is, in large measure, due the renown of the Art Institute of Chicago, of which he is president, and to which he has contributed time and money without stint. As an instance of his deep interest, it may be stated that in order to secure for the Institute a valuable collection of celebrated paintings, he and Mr. Martin A. Ryerson voluntarily advanced $2chd,ooo. After the selection of Chicago by the United States Congress as the place in which to hold the World's Columbian Exposition, Mr. Hutchinson was one of the forty-five men who, by reason of their peculiar fitness, were chosen by the stock- 12 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY AND PORTRAIT GALLERY. holders as directors of that mammoth organi- zation. He is a man of intense activity, and notwith- standing his extended business relations, has found time to travel extensively, having made several European trips, from which, and his careful observation and study of men and things, he has acquired a most valuable fund of information that renders him at once an instructive and interesting conversationalist and charming companion. In his personal characteristics Mr. Hutchinson com- bines the business ability, keen foresight, persever- ance and nerve of his father with the Christian virtues, amiability, generosity and goodness of heart of his mother, and is, in the truest sense, a high-minded gentleman. Mr. Hutchinson is a leading member of St. Paul's Universalist Church, and superintendent of the Sunday-school, in which he takes great pride. In political sentiment he is a Repub- lican, and takes an active interest in political affairs in as far as using his influence, and doing what he can to secure and maintain good government. He was married in i8Si to Miss Frances Kins- ley, daughter of Mr. H. M. Kinsley, of Chicago. COL. GEORGE R. DAVIS, CHICAGO, ILL. THE subject of this biography is a born leader. A native of the old Bay State, he was born in the town of Palmer, in the year 1840, the son of Benjamin and Cordelia (Bufifington) Davis, the former a native of Ware, Massachu- setts, and the latter a member of a well-known Quaker family of Connecticut. George attended cral Sheridan in the Indian campaigns of 1868 and '69, of which the engagement at the headwaters of the Washita was the most decisive, resulting in the defeat and routing of the famous chief " Black Kettle " and his band. Col. Davis was on duty at the headquarters of General Sheridan when that commander was sta- the public schools, and in other respects passed tioned at Chicago in 1869, and continued his his boyhood after the manner of New England boys, and later prepared for college, graduating from Williston Seminary at Easthampton. This was just prior to the opening of the war of the rebellion, so that instead of entering college, as he had anticipated, he, at the age of twenty- two, responded to the call for volunteers and enlisted in the army, as a private in Company H, Eighth Regiment Massachusetts Infantry. By gradual promotion he rose to the rank of captain, and in that capacity served with the Eighteenth Army Corps in the North Carolina campaign until August, 1863. Resigning his commission, he now returned to Massachusetts clothed with proper authority, and recruited and organized a battery of light artillery. From this he was soon transferred to the Third Regiment Rhode Island Volunteer Cavalry, with the rank of major, and commanded it until the close of the war in 1865. After the war was over. Col. Davis received an appointment in the civil department of the regu connection with the army till May i, 1871, when he resigned and took up his residence in Chicago, where he has made his home ever since. Col. Davis has always been an active and staunch Republican, and since his residence in Chicago has held a conspicuous place in the councils of his party, and a recognized leader. He was elected to the United States Congress from the Second District of Illinois in 1878, and re-elected for the two succeeding terms. As a congressman Col. Davis naturally took a prominent and leading place, and was one of the few of Chicago's repre- sentatives to that body whose efforts in behalf of their constituents were crowned with success. Among the important acts of legislation in which he took a prominent part, it is but just to say that securing a large appropriation for improv- ing the Chicago harbor was chiefly due to his efficient and faithful work. In 1886 he was elected county treasurer of Cook county, Illi- noi.s, for a term of four years. When it was lar army, and was attached to the department of decided by Congress to celebrate the four hun- the Missouri, of which General Sheridan was then drcth anniversary of the landing of Columbus on in command. He served in the West with Gen- American soil by a World's Columbian Exposi- --7 /^c^^ ^ BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. 15 tion, Col. Davis was one of the foremost in the promotion of the enterprise, and to no one is the pubhc more indebted than to him for the selec- tion of Chicago as the site of what promises to be the greatest World's Exhibition. He was after- wards chosen by the stockholders one of the directors of the local board of management, and upon the meeting of the Board of Commissioners in September, 1890, that body, in recognition of his peculiar fitness for the place, selected Col. Davis as Director-General of the mammoth undertaking. A man of fixed opinions, iron will, unfaltering perseverance and unusual executive ability, he at the same time possesses a tireless energy, and whatever he attempts stops at nothing short of its attainment. He is a man of great personal magnetism, courteous yet dignified in manners, generous, kind-hearted and genial, and has always attracted to himself many warm friends. With his splendid qualities of mind and heart he combines a finely proportioned physique, being strong in stature and of robust constitution. He is a handsome man in both form and feature, and a mass of iron-gray hair gives a distinguished air to an otherwise striking personality. Col. Davis was married, in 1867, to Miss Gertrude Schulin,of New Orleans, Louisiana, by whom he has two sons and four daughters. ELBRIDGE GALLET KEITH, CHICAGO, ILL. AMONGST the prominent citizens of Chicago who hail from the Green Mountain State, there are few who have been more closely con- nected with, or more deeply interested in, every- thing tending to the good and welfare of this city and the inhabitants thereof, than has the sub- ject of this sketch, Elbridge Gallet Keith. Born in Barre, Washington county, Vermont, July 16, 1840, he is the youngest son of Martin and Betsy (French) Keith. The Keith family of New England are all descendants of a Scotch Presbyterian clergyman, James Keith, who grad- uated at Aberdeen College, Scotland, and came to America about 1650, settling in Bridgewater, Mass. Our subject's father was born in U.xbridge, Mass., and removed to Vermont at an early age. Our subject's early years were spent on a farm, and he received his early education in the public schools of the neighborhood, and subsequently attended Newbury Seminary, Vermont, and Barre Academy (at that time j»resided over by Dr. J. S. Spaulding, an able educator of his day). Young Keith was at this time more inclined to political and literary pursuits than to that of business, but he eventually entered a country store in his na- tive town (at the age of sixteen), and remained here for a year. In 1857 he joined his two elder brothers, Edson and O. R. Keith, who had jire- ceded him in taking up their residence in Chicago. After a short time spent in the employ of W. W. Secombe, he entered the house of Keith Bros. & Faxon, continuing in their employ until 1865, when Mr. Faxon retired, and he then became a member of the firm, under the style of Keith Brothers, which firm still exists, occupying a lead- ing position in its line of business, as it has done for upwards of twenty years. In 1884 he was elected president of the Metro- politan National Bank, to which, from the date of its organization, he has devoted the most of his attention and care. It has achieved a most marked success, and now ranks as one of the lead- ing institutions of its kind in the city. Mr. Keith has always taken an active part in all movements tending to the welfare of the city. State and Na- tion. He served seven years on the Board of Education, and was a leading member of that body, serving as chairman on numerous occasions on several of its most important committees, and as a token of the warm interest he displayed in educational matters, the Board named one of its schools the " Keith School." Higher education, also, has found in him a warm advocate, and he is at present one of the trustees of Beloit College. One of the incorporatorsof the Union LeagueClub, he subsequently became its president, and is to-day prominently identified with it in all the patriotic and public-spirited work in which it is engaged. He has also been prominently identified with the Commercial Club, and was its president dur- i6 BlOGIiAPIlICAL DICTIO.XARV AND PORTRAIT GALLERY. ing the past year. He is now the president of the Bankers* Club. Mr. Keith has held numerous other positions in connection with the various be- nevolent and philanthropic institutions of this city, and has been president of the Young Men's Christian Association, and also of the Chicago Orphan Asylum. In politics, a steadfast Republican, he has from an early age been an interested student of polit- ical affairs, it being related of him that when but fourteen years of age, he walked twelve miles to attend the first State convention of the Republi- can party in his native State. And though an ardent Republican, he has never been a bitter or bigoted partisan. An active member of his party, he has had much to do with nominating conventions, both of the City of Chicago and the State of Illinois. Mr. Keith represented the City of Chicago in the memorable National Con- vention that nominated Garfield for president, while he has frequently been urged to accept positions of high political importance, but has hitherto always declined to become a candidate for any political office. He was re-elected as a director of the World's Columbian Exposition in April of this year, 189 1. In matters of religion, he holds Evangelical views, and is a warm supporter of Dwight L. Moody, while he is also a promoter of and firm believer in unsectarian Christian work. Brought up a Methodist, the influence of a pious mother has been marked throughout his life. For over twenty years he has been a member of Christ Re- formed Episcopal Church (Bishop Cheney's), and its senior warden for many years. Married in December, 1865, to Miss Harriet S. Hall, a native of LaSalle county, Illinois, they have four sons and two daughters. A man of large affairs, his time, as may be im- agined, is fully occupied, for he is always promi- nent in benevolent work, and actively interested in everything tending to the benefit of Chicago and of good citizenship generally, and with zeal seemingly beyond his physical strength, for he is by no means robust and his constitution none of the strongest. Mr. Keith is one of the most popular men in this city, one of the most widely known, and certainly one of the most respected. A typical Chicagoan, he is truly a representative citizen, and belongs to that class who have aided so materially — and to an e.xtent as yet unknown — in raising this city to the position it to-day occu- pies amongst the cities of America, and the cities of the world. EUGENE S. PIKE, CHICAGO, ILL. THERE are few studies more elevating, more encouraging, or more interesting than the study of the lives and characters of men who have risen from the ranks. When we trace the career of those who stand highest in public esteem, and of those whom the world acknowl- edges as successful men, we find almost invariably that they are those who have risen gradually, overcome severe opposition and, in the face of the most bitter trials and seemingly insurmount- able difficulties, have at length, by much self- reliance, great energy, perseverance and honesty, overcome every obstacle and won that success for which they had so long and so perseveringly striven. Eugene S. Pike was born in Lake county, Ohio, October 5, 1835. His father and mother Qcrusha Hartwell) were born in Berkshire county, Mass. Both families are branches of old New England stock, while his mother, together with her cousin, Mary Lyon, took an active part in establishing Mount Holyoke Seminary, a seminary which, to-day, is one of the most famous seats of learn- ing in the State of Massachusetts. His father died when he was but cyght years of age, leaving him and his mother in somewhat straightened circumstances. Three years later death removed his mother also, a mother to whom he owed much and from whom he derived such virtues as are only in the gift of a refined, educated and chris- tian mother to bestow, and a mother for whom he always cherished the mo.st sacred and loving thoughts. Looking the world, however, in the face, and BIOCKAPHICAL DICTIONARY AND PORTRAIT GALLERY. 17 forming a resolution to succeed, young Pike engaged on a farm in his native county, attending school in the winter, and carefully putting by what small sum he could earn in the summer time, with the intention of acquiring a college education, if possible, later on. At length young Pike determined to undertake a course at the Western Reserve College, Hiram, Ohio; remaining here two years, he afterward went to Antioch Col- lege and here concluded his collegiate education. During the time he was at Hiram he had for a fellow-student and companion the late and lamented James A. Garfield, and we can imagine the strength of character, the tenacity of pur- pose and the determination to succeed which pervaded these two young men at this time. Leaving college, he commenced his business career by traflfic in fruit and ornamental trees, gradually extending his connection until at length he became an importer of fruit trees, grape-vines, roses, etc., from France. Finding a ready sale for them in the Southern States, his business grew rapidly until the commencement of hostilities, in 1861, put an end, almost, to these transactions, and Mr. Pike decided to relinquish his interests and engagements in this line of busi- ness, always having had more or less of an ambi- tion to become a banker. On the breaking out of the war, he removed to Painesville, Ohio, where he engaged in the banking and brokerage business. His success in this vocation was phenomenal. Soon invited to a prominent place, he became locally and otherwise engaged in numerous enter- prizes of much importance. His wealth in the meantime having much increased, he decided to seek a larger and more important field in which to operate, and thus, in 1867, he decided to locate in Chicago. Our city at that time, as now, was growing rapidly, and becoming every day more prominent and more favorably known in the commercial world. Foreseeing to a great extent the import- ance and prominence which this city would ulti- mately attain, Mr. Pike invested in land through- out the business district of the South Side, erecting, as his means would allow, solid business blocks, which have materially added to the growth and improvement of that portion of our city. His experience and admitted authority on the subject of building have often led to his being consulted and to his advice being sought by a number of our well-known and prominent archi- tects. Real estate is what he is perhaps most interested in, and outside of this (in this city) his ventures have not been numerous, but such as they have been, they have been eminently suc- essful, and in every way creditable to the great energy and enterprise so characteristic of Mr. J'ike. Purchasing a half interest in the well-known jewelry house of N. Matson & Co., corner of State and Monroe, in 1876, he retained his inter- est, though he took no active part in the manage- ment of the business, for three years, relinquish- ing same in 1879. A director of the First National Bank, he has held this position for several years. A director of the World's Columbian Exposition, he was among the first selected by the Committee of Organization to hold the important and honor- able ofifice. The choice was undoubtedly a good one, for in Mr. Pike the directorate have an able financier, one whose advice and experience cannot but prove to be very valuable. Much interested in numerous benevolent and charitable affairs, Mr. Pike's interest is more prac- tical and material than it is theoretical, and is not confined merely to paper and the giving out of resolutions, etc. Socially, he is most agreeable ; genial with his friends, he is an excellent companion ; jovial, gen- uine in his actions, he seems to overflow with the spirit of good fellowship, and inspires the same disposition amongst the numerous friends and acquaintances with whom he is so often inti- mately associated. A man of more than the ordinary force of character, possessing great tact, he quickly com- prehends and solves what, to others, often appear difficult problems, both in business and social affairs. A faithful friend, he is a strong adherent of any cause he embraces, while on behalf of a friend he deems no service too great or any per- sonal inconvenience too much, if, by so doing, the desired result can be obtained. In religious matters a Presbyterian, Mr. Pike is a member of the Second Presbyterian Church of this city, being prominent in religious circles, and much interested in church, Sunday school and charitable work generall) . He was married in i8 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY AND PORTRAIT GALLERY. 1865, to Miss Mary Rockwell, of Painesville, Ohio. Mrs. Pike is a relative of Ralph Waldo Emerson, the famous poet and philosopher. Personally, she is a lady of rare qualifications and much ability. There are three sons, issue of this marriage, the eldest, Eugene R. Pike, a graduate of Yale in the class of '90. The second son, Charles Burral Pike, is now at Harvard, where he is a member of the class of '92 ; while the youngest, William W. Pike, is now at Yale University. Deriving such excellent qualities and position as they have inherited, both from their father and mother, their path through life will be comparatively smooth, while they are already in possession of rare accomplishments, and are spoken of as being delightful and agreeable companions. Not given to much outdoor recreation, there are yet two or three sports in which Mr. Pike takes great interest, and they are more especially those of fishing and shooting. Accompanied, as he often is, by his sons, his shooting trips are always a source of much gratification to him. Keen sportsmen, father and sons, they always have something tangible to show as the result of their frequently long trips, and the success of Eugene S. Pike is no less marked in this direc- tion than it is, and always has been, in other directions. SAMUEL M. NICKERSON, CHICAGO, ILL. SAMUEL M. NICKERSON, one of the After this event, which at the time was con- organizers of the First National Bank, its sidered by him as a great calamity, but which, vice-president upon its organization, and since doubtless, had a beneficial influence upon his life, 1 867 the president of that gigantic financial institu- he borrowed a few hundred dollars from his friends tion, was born at Chatham, Mass., on June 14, 1830. and removed to Chicago, where, in 1858, he His parents, Ensign Nickerson and Rebecca launched upon a prosperous business career as a Mayo Nickerson, were descended from the early distiller of alcohol and high-wines. He was so Puritan settlers of Massachusetts, his father successful that within the next six years he had being a lineal descendant of the Wm. Nickerson accumulated a fortune sufificiently large to enable who left Norwalk, England, and settled at Chat- him to retire from the business. In 1864, he ham, Mass., in 1660. accepted the presidency of the Chicago City Horse The first seven years of our subject's life were Railway, and continued its presiding ofificer and passed in the place of his birth, at which age his controlling spirit for seven years more. In 1 871, residence was changed by the removal of his his banking interest having become so large, and parents to Boston, where he received his educa- requiring most of his time and attention, he was tion at the public schools. At the age of seven- forced to resign his offi.cial position with the rail- teen, he left school and accepted a position as clerk in his brother's store, at Appalachicola, Fla., where he received his earlier business training. He remained with his brother for four years, and in 185 1, at the age of twenty-one, he began mer- cantile lifeforhimself, by entering into the general merchandise business, which he continued until 1857, when his business property was destroyed and he was left a financially ruined man, by a disastrous fire which consumed his assets. Very much discouraged, he compromised with his credi- way corporation, and devote his entire time to his other interests. His business career since 1863, when he assisted in the organization of the First National Bank, has been almost identically the same as the history of that corporation. In 1863 he was elected its first vice-president, which official position he held until the year 1867, when he was elected to his present position of president, and he has remained at the helm of this, one of the largest financial houses in the world, continuously for twenty-four tors, doing as well as he could for them with the years; and it has been largely due to his fostering means at his command, but settled with them in care that the First National Bank occupies the full some five years after, although he was not position in the financial world that it does to-day. lesjally obliged to do so. He was present at its birth, watched over it .i^/ /// A. t^y>^i BIOGRArmCAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALUUiY. ai closely during its infancy and childhood days, nursed it through its time of disease, caused by the fiery times of 1 871, and guarded and shielded it through the assaults and storms of the panic of 1873. He has witnessed its growth from a tod- dling child, having a capital of one hundred thousand dollars on May i, 1863, to the gigantic financial giant of to-day, with a capital of $3,000,- 000, surplus of $2,000,000, undivided profits of $800,000, and average deposits of $25,000,000. This marvelous growth is acknowledged by all to be largely due to the policy of its president, our worthy subject, which, whilst conservative, has always been considered liberal. Mr. Nickerson has also been identified with other financial concerns. The Union Stock Yards National Bank of Chicago owes its existence to him, he having organized it in 1867, and become its first president. He continued in this position for several years, or until the stress of his other business affairs caused him to resign. In 1887, upon the expiration of the charter, this bank was reorganized under the style of The National Live Stock Bank of Chicago. In 1864, Mr. Nickerson was chosen as a director of the Chamber of Commerce, and in 1 871 was appointed by the governor as a member of the first Board of Commissioners for Lincoln Park. He continued as commissioner for four years, and was always an active member of the board ; his fellow-members of the board were Joseph Stock- ton, Belden V. Culver, W. H. Bradley and Francis H. Kales. In December, 1858, he was married to Miss Matilda P. Crosby, of Brewster, Mass. Roland Crosby Nickerson, the sole issue of this marriage, is at present connected with the banking house of Jamieson & Co. Mr. Nickerson has always been largely inter- ested in art and musical work. He is a member of the Chicago Historical Society, and a trustee of the Art Institute, and his magnificent residence contains many choice works of art that he has collected during his extended travels, which have not only covered this country and Europe, but have been entirely around the world, he having made a circuit of the earth in 1883 and 1884. Mr. Nickerson is a man of dignified appearance, and of pleasing countenance, with an car ever ready to listen to affairs that will interest him, kindly and affable, liberal where liberality will be beneficial, interested in music and art and ever ready to assist both financially and personally any movement to elevate either. At the helm of the largest financial institution in the West, esteemed by the citizens of Chicago, and admired by his friends and business acquaintances, he stands to- day as a man whose works will be remembered long after this generation has passed away, and one who during his life has always been an hon- ored, respected citizen of the community in which he lived. Mr. Nickerson's term as president of the bank, which position he has filled so successfully for so many years, is about to come to a close, not with- out the deepest regret of the directors of the bank, as will be understood by perusing the following extract from the minutes of the meeting of the directors of the First National Bank, in January, 1891, for the election of officers for the ensuing year : Mr. Nickerson then requested the following communication should be read to the board: " CniCA<;o, January 22, 1891. "To THE Directors of the First National Bank: " Dear Sirs, — Before proceeding to the election of officers for the ensuing year, I wish to state that should you decide to elect me president it must be with the understanding and notice that I shall resign the office whenever Mr. L. J. Gage shall be relieved from his duties as president of the World's Fair, and can devote all of his time to the affairs of this bank, and when that time arrives, I shall take pleasure in co-operating with you in electing him to take my place, if you then decide to do so. " It would be my desire to continue as a director of the bank, and co-operate with you in working for its interest and success. " It is not my intention to engage in any other business. I have arrived at a time in life when 1 consider it my duty to delegate to younger heads and hands the responsibilities that are involved in the position I have held in the bank for the past twenty-four years as president, and for four years previously as vice-president, which covers the entire time since its organization, in 1863. The success which has attended this bank is known to you all. For this I have to thank the directors and other officers, who by their advice and labor have made this success possible. " Thanking you for your many evidences of confidence and good will, and hoping that the future success of the bank may under your direction be equal to or better than the past, I await your decision as indicated above. •■ Yours very respectfully, " (Signed) SAMUEL M. Nickerson." After which Mr. Gage offered the following resolution which was unanimously adopted : 22 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY AND PORTRAIT GALLERY. " Resolved, That the communication of Mr. Nickcrson just received be spread upon the records. " Whilst we deeply regret the suggestion that he may feel compelled to resign the office before the expiration of the current year, we feel that it is for the interest of the bank that he should continue his wise and judicious guardianship as its chief executor as long as circumstances will permit. " We recognize the fact that twenty-five years of constant direction over affairs as large and important as are here implied, entitle him, when he shall finally demand it, to the enjoyment of the rest and leisure to which we all look for- ward as the just reward of long continued and faithful work.'" Mr. Nickerson, honored throughout the world of finance, threw his cloak on the shoulders of his lieutenant, and retired from the presidency of the bank whose career he had made so successful on July 8, 1 891, as the extracts that appear below, taken from the records of the bank, will explain : " To THE Directors of the First National Bank of Chicago : '• Gentlemen, — Referring to my communication of January 22, last, in which I stated that if then elected president of this bank, it would be with the understanding and notice that I should have the privilege of rcsignmg at any time during the ensuing year. That time has now arrived, and I hereby tender my resignation and ask its acceptance, to take effect on and after July 8, next. "Yours very respectfully, " (Signed) S. M. Nickerson." '■Resolved, That the thanks of the stockholders of this bank are justly due to Mr. Samuel M. Nickerson for the efficient and faithful manner in which for so many years he has dis- charged the duties of president of this institution. " In accepting thisresignation this day tendered, this board desires to place on record its high appreciation of his admin- istration. We congratulate ourselves, however, that in his retirement from the office of president, the bank will still retain him as director, the wise counsel which his long experience has so well qualified him to give." NORMAN B. REAM, CHICAGO, ILL. A NATIVE of the Keystone State, born in Somerset county, Pennsylvania, Novem- ber 5, 1844. He is a son of Levi and Highly (King) Ream. -The Reams are of German ex- traction, but the ancestors of our subject had left the fatherland many years ago, and had emi- grated to this country in the early days of its colonization, settling first in eastern Pennsylvania and subsequently in Somerset county, business affairs was such that he soon became actively engaged in business pursuits. His first venture being that of taking ambrotypes, in which he was most successful. His friends, how- ever, endeavored to discourage him, but without avail, for, determined to succeed, he soon accu- mulated sufficient means to start in business for himself. Possessed of great patriotism, and a desire to serve his country, he informed his Brought up on his father's farm, young Ream parents of this conclusion, and they, emulated by acquired habits of thrift and industry, which, the same spirit rs himself, readily gave their con- when he came to face the serious work of life, sent and blessing. were of incalculable value to him. Enlisting September i, 1861, he assisted in the His educational advantages were few ; those raising of Co. H, 85th Penn. Volunteers, and, procurable in the common schools of the neigh- though offered a commission, he preferred, for the borhood, to advocated by the Republican party. He is one of those who reserve to themselves the right to form an opinion, independent of party or creed, and having formed that opinion, believes in main- taining it ; and were there more of his stamp, our country to-day would be in a better condition, both morally and politically. While taking con- siderable interest in affairs political, he is in no sense a politician, in the usually accepted meaning of the word, and has never sought or desired office of any kind. A gentleman of great wealth, very generous and liberal to all objects of a charitable or benev- olent nature, he is one of those void of ostenta- tion or display, seldom allowing his right hand to know what his left hand doeth. In concluding this somewhat incomplete sketch of Mr. Ream's life, incomplete because it would require a good-sized volume to do him thorough justice, what an example has he not shown to young America? Prominent amongst all the prominent citizens of Chicago, a man whose honesty amongst all the phases of life has always remained unquestionable. Asa citizen of Chicago, and as one who is typical of her growth, Norman B. Ream requires no further introduction at our hands. EDWIN WALKER, CHICAGO, ILL. EDWIN WALKER was born in Genesee county, New York, and is now sixty years of age. His father was a native of New Hamp- shire, but removed to New York when but eighteen years of age. He was a man of great energy of character and strict integrity, and enjoyed the fullest confidence of all who knew him. He was a farmer, and a soldier in the war of 1812. He died in the year 1887 at the age of ninety-two. The subject of this sketch received a thorough academic education, and at an early age adopted the law as his profession. He prosecuted his professional studies in Batavia, N. Y., and was admitted to the bar in the city of Buffalo, N. Y.. in 1854. Soon after his admission to the bar he made his way westward, first locating at the city of Logansport, in the State of Indiana, where he commenced the prosecution of his profession, remaining there until 1865. At the very commencement of his professional career he wisely recognized that the law is a "jealous mistress," and will not tolerate a divided love. Professional success being his only ambi- tion, he steadily refused the alluring offers of political office, and early in his professional life, by close application and assiduous work, attained an enviable prominence at the Indiana bar, and dur- ^^^^-^e^^ BIOGR.irillCAL DICTIOXARV AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. 27 ing his years in that State he laid well and securely the foundations upon which he has reared his pro- fessional reputation. In i860 he was appointed general solicitor of the Cincinnati, Richmond & Logansport Railroad Co. In 1865 this road was extended to Chicago, under the name of the Chicago & Great Eastern Rail- way Co., when his office, together with the general offices of the company, was removed to Chicago. From that date he has been a resident of this city, and in active prosecution of his profession. In 1870 this road was merged with and made a part of the Pennsylvania system, Mr. Walker retaining his connection with the legal department until the year 1883. In 1869 he was appointed gen- eral solicitor of the Chicago, Danville & Vincennes Railroad Company, and in 1870 the Illinois solici- tor of the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Rail- road Company, with which road he has been intimately connected for more than twenty years, and still retains the same position. He is also special counsel for several insurance companies and other corporations. Mr. Walker has been so long and so promi- nently connected with railroads that he is most widely known as a corporation lawyer, and his reputation as such is of the highest character. He has prominently appeared in most of the impor- tant railroad litigation in our State and Federal courts, and his skill and ability are attested by so many reported cases that he has become an authority upon all the varied and intricate ques- tions of corporation law. In general practice he has a large clientage. He is popular with the bar, and has the confidence of the bench whenever and wherever he appears. He has attained his early ambition — he is recognized as one of the leaders of the Chicago bar. While he has been thoroughly devoted to his profession, he has also been connected with many business enterprises. More than twenty years ago he formed a co-partnership with Col. W. P. Rend, in the coal and transportation business. The firm of W. P. Rend & Co. is one of the best known in the West, and is an extensive operator in Ohio and Pennsylvania. The relations between these two men have been of the most intimate character, and during their long co-partnership nothing has occurred to mar tiie friendship so early formed. Politically, Mr. Walker has ever been a Repub- lican, but, while shrinking from political office and party strife, he has always been ready, regardless of politics, when circumstances seemed to warrant it, to join with independent citizens in move- ments to secure the correction of local abuses. He has been prominently identified with the World's Fair from its inception. He was chair- man of the first sub-committee on legislation, having charge of the work in Washington while Congress was considering the selection of a loca- tion ; and when Chicago was finally chosen, he was one of the committee selected to frame necessary and proper legislation. He was elected a director, made chairman of the Committee on Legislation, and is a member of the Executive and Conference Committees. In the year 1857 Mr. Walker was married to Miss Lydia Johnson, daughter of Col. Israel Johnson, a prominent citizen and successful mer- chant of Logansport. She lived but two years after their removal to Chicago, but during the few years of their married life she became endeared to a large circle of social friends, and promoted in every possible way the success of her husband. Of this union three sons were born — the two eldest, Edwin C. and J. Brandt, are married, and have pleasant homes in Chicago. They are asso- ciated together in business under the firm name of Walker and Company, and are successful com- mission merchants. The youngest son, W^ilmer Earl, a boy of great promise, died in his twent\- first year, at the commencement of his Senior year at Yale College. His attainments were of a high order, and he was being carefully educated and trained for the legal profession. In 1870 Mr. Walker married Mrs. Desdemona Kimball, daughter of Major Samuel Edsall, one of the oldest and best known citizens in public and social life of the city of Fort Wayne, Indiana. Few women in Chicago have- a, larger circle of social and admiring friends than Mrs. Walker, and none could more worthily preside over the pleasant home of the successful lawyer, made more attractive by the presence of her two daughters, Alma L. and Louise E. Kimball. Mr. Walker is a member of the Grace Episco- pal church of this city, and during the past seven- teen years has been an active officer of the church, either vestryman or warden. Though 28 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. past the prime of life, his physical health is such that his friends may reasonably anticipate many more years of active and useful work. Although a member of many prominent social clubs of the city, he best enjoys himself with his family and friends in his attractive home on ^Michigan avenue, participating in such social events as his profes- sional and other duties will permit. Fond of trav- el, he seeks each summer some place of rest and pleasure, either in this country or in Europe, con- stantly forming new friendships and associations. This is a brief sketch of the life of a successful, self-made man, and this is characteristic of many, who, by their incessant activity and worthy ambi- tion, have given this young city its present promi- nence among the cities of the world. COL. WILLIAM P. REXD, CHICAGO, ILL. COSMOPOLITAN in character, and possess- ing much that is metropolitan in appear- ance, Chicago numbers amongst her most honored and eminent citizens many of those who first saw the light of day in, and whose early associations are closely linked with, the land of the shamrock, and that fair isle beyond the sea — Ireland. Of all the ■ citizens of Chicago, however, who lay claim to the honor of having been born in the Emerald Isle, there is probably no one better known, more highly respected, or whose career has been more successful, not only in a commer- cial and social sense, but in a military and politi- cal sense also, than has that of Col. VVm. P. Rend. A native of Country Leitrim, Ireland, he was born Feb. lO, 1840. His father, Ambrose Rend, was a substantial farmer, while his mother, Eliza- beth (Cline) Rend, was a daughter of Mr. Hugh Cline, who for years held the responsible and important position of steward of one of the larg- est and oldest estates in Ireland. Removing t(5 this country in 1847, our subject being at this time but seven years of age, his parents settled at Lowell, Mass., where he spent his early years, and where he received his education, graduating from the high school of that city at the age of seven- teen. Leaving •school, shortly afterwards he de- cided to try his fortune in New York City, hav- in' of the United States. To his great credit be it said that he was a worthy coadjutor of men like Judge Gillespie, N. B. Judd, Samuel W. Fuller and ex- Governor Palmer during those stirring days. Perhaps no fact better proves the reality of Mr. Goudy's affection for his profession than that. amid the arduous duties and the many distrac- tions of politics, he still attended, with unchang- ing faithfulness, to his law practice. He appeared repeatedly in the courts in many different coun- ties of Illinois, and also in the supreme court of the State. Mr. Goudy removed to Chicago in 1859. He has given especial attention to the law of real property, upon which he is one of the highest au- thorities in the country. An idea of his -work in this State may be formed from the reports of the supreme court of Illinois, in every volume of which for the past thirty-five years have appeared cases argued by him. He has appeared in the higher courts of nearly every State throughout the West, and in the supreme court of the United States has been leading counsel in many impor- tant cases. The recent enactment regarding " original packages " is an outgrowth of a decision in a cause argued by Mr. Goudy in the United States Supreme Court, declaring unconstitutional a statute of Iowa which prohibited railroads from bringing into.xicants into that State. He also argued the famous Munn case, by which was established the power of the States to fix the maximum rates to be charged by warehouses, rail- ways, persons or corporations engaged in a pur- suit affected with a public interest. Another in- stance in which Mr. Goudy did effective service, was in the great railroad cases of Minnesota, which resulted in the annulment of the Minnesota statute, authorizing the fi.xing of railroad rates by the State Commission. Many additional cases m'ight be cited, but it is unnecessary.- His work is of a nature which commands universal atten- tion, and the history of his labors is to be found embodied in the literature of law. For some years he has been counsel for the Chicago and North-Western Railway Company, which oper- ates one of the largest railroad systems in the country. In domestic life, Mr. Goudy has been particularly happy. He was married in 1849 t*^ Miss Helen Judd, who is a worthy sharer of his success, as she has been a faithful helpmeet in its attainment. They have two children, a daughter and a son. Mr. Goudy has always been a staunch sup- porter of Democracy, having cast his first vote for Lewis Cass in 184S. No better warrant of his conscientious and distinguished serxice need be 38 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIO.XARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. had than that when there was a vacancy in the tribute of high import had been paid his fellow United States Senate, owing to the death of candidate. It was an expression in most touch- Stephen A. Douglas, Mr. Goudy was the choice ing form of the fact that among the great men of of a large portion of the Democracy of Illinois as his time, whose labors have rendered them not Douglas' successor. Although that honor was only honored, but beloved, his countrymen de- f^nally awarded to Mr. Richardson, of Quincy, a light to number William C. Goudy. THOMAS B. BRVAN. CHICAGO, ILL. WHEN the " World's Columbian Exposition" shall have finally closed its doors, and its history shall have been written for the gratifica- tion of succeeding generations, there is no name amongst the many prominent ones so closely con- nected with it that will stand out more bril- liantly, or command ^rrr7/fr admiration, than will that of the Hon. Thos. B. Bryan. The citizens of Chicago are deeply indebted to Mr. Bryan for the magnificent services he ren- dered, for his ceaseless and tireless work, and the great energy and devotion he displayed in ob- taining for this city the much-coveted prize — the Columbian Exposition. Mr. Bryan has been a leading spirit in the matter from the commence- ment. In fact, it was he who framed the resolu- tions presented at the first citizens' meeting, held in the Common Council chamber on August first of last year, the result of which was that Chicago became a candidate, and ultimately the victor, in one of the keenest competitions, probably, ever entered into by American cities. Mr. Bryan's ardent championship of Chicago's claims, his eloquent appeals throughout the country, and his masterly and unanswerable reply to New York's advocate and champion, the great and only Chauncey Depew, before the Senate Committee at Washington, will be long remembered, and un- doubtedly did more than anything else to secure the prize. His presentation of Chicago's claims was so effective and so adroitly put, that the re- sult was electrical, and even New York, with all her boasted superiority of social distinction and commercial enterprise, was forced to yield, and to Mr. Bryan, beyond a doubt, is due the credit. He was born at Alexandria, Va., December 22, 1828; he is the son of Daniel and Mary (Barbour) Bryan. His parents, both on his father's and mother's side, were people of considerable cul- ture and influence. His father served in the Senate of Virginia, and two of his mother's brothers, James and Philip Barbour, held the highest official positions under the government of that day as Cabinet Minister, Speaker of the Na- tional House of Representatives, Judge of the United States Supreme Court, Minister to Eng- land, and as Governor of Virginia. Our subject graduated from the law school of Harvard Univer- sity in 1848, and shortly afterwards entered upon the practice of law in Cincinnati, Ohio, forming a partnership with Judge Hart of that city in 1849. In 1852 Mr. Bryan came west, settling in Chicago when the city was little more than an overgrown village, and shortly afterwards forming the law firm of Mather, Taft & Bryan, subsequently changed to Bryan & Borden, and still later to that of Bryan & Hatch. He has made ofifice counselling his specialty, and for forty years, more or less, Mr. Bryan has resided the greater part of his time in Chicago, with the exception of several years spent in Washington, Colorado and in European travel. He succeeded GovernorShep- herd as one of the Commissioners (together with Governor Denison), as executive of the District of Columbia, His administration was marked by the same ability, honesty and prudence in expen- diture that has always governed his actions. His withdrawal, voluntarily, from this office was made the signal for a spontaneous memorial from the citizens, headed by the philanthropist Corcoran, and signed by all the bankers and prominent business men of the Capital, and this was pre- sented to him on his vacation of the office to re- sume his duties in his adopted city. The founder and promoter of many public enterprises, Mr. Brvaii's work has alwavs been c/owned w itb sue- BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AAD PORTRAIT GALLERY 39 cess. A detailed list, even of his public enter- prises, would fill more space than we could devote to what is but, at the best, a general sketch. But while this is so, there are one or two which de- serve and require more than a mere passing notice. The originator and sole proprietor (formerly) of Graceland Cemeterj-. Mr. Brj-an purchased this tract of land, having found that the population of the North Side was inevitably encroaching on the old cemetery (_which now forms part, of Lincoln Park), and, if only from a sanitarj- point of view, this was extremely undesirable. Graceland alone (with its beautifully laid-out and well-kept walks and shrubs, etc.) would be a worthy me- morial of his public enterprise and regard for the prosperity and health of the community at large. He also built " Bryan Hall "' (the site of which is now occupied by the Grand Opera House), and here many a memorable war meeting was held, and innumerable entertainments for patriotic ob- jects. Mr. Bryan was president of the great Northwestern Fair for the relief of soldiers of the Union in 1865, for, though a Southerner by birth, all his affiliations and sympathies had ever been with the cause of the Union. As the direct result of his presidency, the Fair yielded over 8300,000 to the invalid soldiers' fund — such was the repose placed in his integrity, and in his faculty of harmonizing the conflicting interests of the various officers and committees. If still yet another monument to his patriotism and loyalty were required, the Soldiers' Home, built under his direction and with money advanced by him, is that monument, and for many years its president, his work on its belialf was, and is, unflagging. In fact, his distinguished and arduous service during the war was such that no honors were esteemed too great, and amongst others accorded him was that of being elected a member of the Loyal Legion, etc. It was to Mr. Bryan's forethought and enterprise that Chicago owed the Fidelity Safe Depository, which passed, unscathed, through the flames of 187 1, and was the means of saving many millions to the citizens. Mr. Bryan married in 1850 Miss Byrd Page, of Virginia, the issue being a son — Charles P. Bryan, now a member of the Illinois Legislature, and formerly of that of Colorado, and who by profes- sion is a journalist and magazine writer of consid- erable repute — and a daughter. As a speaker, Mr. Bryan is vigorous, eloquent and convincing, one who controls his audience, and rarely fails to carry his point; and, in addi- tion, one who seldom speaks unless he has some- thing to say well worth the hearing. His ban- quet and other public speeches — unpremeditated as many of them are — bristle with eloquent phrases and happy allusions, while they are marked with that good sense and general culture which is, and always has been, so characteristic of Thomas B. Bryan. As First Vice-President of the " World's Co- lumbian Exposition,'' unanimously elected to that office, he is the right man in the right place, and with him in this position, there need be no fear for the success of such a fair as the world has never yet seen ; and if it be successful, as it un- doubtedly will be, to Thomas B. Bryan must be given the greater credit, for in him Chicago has a citizen who is, and always has been, devoted to her welfare, and no man has worked more assidu- ously for her good, or with greater results, than has the subject of our sketch. JOHN P. BARRETT, CHICAGO, ILL. JOHN P. B.ARKETT, superintendent of the America, in the Pacific ocean, fell from the mast- Fire .Alarm Telegraph of Chicago, is a native head and broke his arm and leg. In August. of Auburn, New York. While he was yet a 1862. he returned to Chicago, and was appointed child, his parents removed to Chicago, where a member of the Fire Department, serving as John received a good common school education, watchman for " No. 8" and " No. 3." In 1S64. and "ran" with "Niagara" No. 3. In 1858, he he was given charge of the City Hall bell and went to sea, and while off the coast of South held that position one year. BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. In 1865, Chicago adopted the Fire Alarm Tele- graph system. Under the charge of E. B. Chandler, superintendent, Mr. Barrett became an efficient operator, and upon the retirement of Mr. Chandler in May, 1876, he was promoted to the position of superintendent and has continued to hold it until the present time (1892). Mr. Barrett has not rested satisfied with ha\- ing acquired a well-deserved reputation as an executive officer, but since he has been at the head of this department has accomplished many important reforms and become quite an in- ventor. With his instrument called the " joker," the alarm is received at each engine house the same instant it is turned in at any box, thereby obviating the necessity of waiting for an alarm to strike on the gong from the general office. Mr. Barrett was the originator of the Police Patrol Service, now being generally introduced throughout the United States, and also originated the plan of placing all wires under ground, there- by removing unsightly poles from the streets; of operating city plants for lighting the streets b\- electricity, and of the bridge telephone service for controlling navigation in the river and harbor. Mr. Barrett is also Chief of the Electrical Depart- ment of the World's Columbian Exposition. Mr. Barrett was married April 20, 1868, and has had eleven children, eight of whom are living. He is a life member of the Paid Fire Department Benevolent Association. DAVID BRAINARD DEWEY, CHICAGO, ILL. AMONG those who have achieved positions of eminence by reason of their unswerving integrity and remarkable financial and executive ability, none are more worthy of prominent men- tion than the subject of this sketch. Like many of his cotemporaries among the successful men of the present day, Mr. Dewey traces his ancestry to the early Puritan settlers of Massachusetts. His ancestor, Thomas Dewey, settled in Dorchester in 1630, and in that vicinity the Dewey famih- resided for many years, the subject of this sketch being born in Pittsfield, Berkshire County, Massa- chusetts, on May 28, 1839. His father, Mark Dewey, was a merchant of prominence, noted for his high Christian character and intrepid honesty. His mother, Sarah M. Dewey, nee Grinncll, came from a family well and favorably known, and was a woman of decided character and ability. Young Dewey obtained his elementary education in the common school and academy of his native town. At the age of fifteen he came West to meet and assume the responsibilities of his future career among strangers. His first employment was upon a Western farm. From his .seventeenth to his twenty-first N'car, he taught .school winters, thereby enabling himself to take a summer course in col- lege. The difficulties by which he was beset in his carl\- struLri/les to obtain a livelihood and edu- cation developed in him the .strong characteristics that are aptly termed " Western," and which are identified with the possession of ner\'e, activity and e.xhaustless energy. Law was his chosen pro- fession, but after a severe hemorrhage caused by addressing a large assemblage of people for a Fourth of July celebration, in the open air, his physicians decided that his lungs would not per- mit him to follow what then seemed to be the natural bent of his mind. He was a remarkably eloquent and forcible speaker, full of zeal and energy, able to hold his own in any argument, and it is the unanimous opinion of those who knew him well that when he abandoned the law the legal profession w as deprived of a member who would have become one of its brightest lights. At the age of seventeen he entered Whcaton College, but did not remain to finish the course. The commencement of the War of the Rebellion found him one of the verj- first to respond to Lincoln's call for troops, and, upon his enlistment, he was made a sergeant of Companj" A, Second Regiment of Illinois Cavalry. In this capacitj- he .served his country, until at the end of about a year a severe wound compelled his retirement and prevented his again entering the service, when the commission of major was tendered him. Not only was he prompt in enlisting himself, but his I BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARV A.\D PORTRAIT GALLERY. 43 eloquent speeches and patriotic fervor inspired others to rally for the country's defense. In politics he has always been a Republican, castintj his first vote for Abraham Lincoln. In 1862 he was married to Miss Nettie A. Springer, of Rockford, Illinois, a lady of excellent family and delightful home and social qualities. They have had five children, of whom two are living — Nettie D., now Mrs. H. S. Farwcll, and David B., Jr., a lad of three and a half years of age. After pursuing various occupations, in all of which he was successful, in 1871 he transferred liis business interests to Chicago, entering the mortgage loan business, and established his home at Evanston, where he has bought and sold large quantities of real estate, making valuable improve- ments which have greatly added to the beauty of that charming suburb. Among these improve- ments is included the home where he now resides 1)11 Maple avenue. His home has ever been a delightful resort for the many friends of the family, and its doors have always been hospitabl)- open. Mr. Dewey has always been a public-spirited, aggressive citizen, actively identified with the progress of the times, serving efficiently in the various offices of the Council, Board of Educa- tion and Church Trustees, ever unselfishly devoting himself to others' interests. In 1876 he associated w ith himself Hon. John L. Beveridge, ex-Governor of Illinois, and opened the private banking house of Beveridge & Dewey, which continued its suc- cessful career until 1886, when he organized the American Exchange National Bank. His busi- ness career since that time has been identified with the history of that institution, and a sketch of his life would not be complete without some reference to the history of the bank. Upon its organization, Mr. Dewey was elected vice-presi- dent and acknowledged financial manager. The bank opened its doors for business May 10, 1886, and at once secured a large and profitable business. His reputation was already so well established among financial men that applications came in for nearly four times the amount of stock represented by the capital of the bank. During the early days of the bank's careOr, an event occurred which called into play all those cautious and conserva- tive traits which enabled him to so manage its affairs in the gravest crisis of its history that it is to-day the acknowledged peer of any financial institution in the city. The story of the bank, briefly told, is that on June 9, 1887, during the [)rogrcss of the famous Harper wheat corner, Mr. Dewey was suddenly prostrated and confined to his bed by a severe illness. On the 15th, while still confined to his home, his associate officers cashed the celebrated Fidelity National Bank fraudulent drafts to the amount of $400,000, which, with other complications, nearly cost the bank its life. Mr. Dewey proved his remarkable nerve and devotion to his friends and associates by returning to the bank on June 20, against the direct orders of his physicians and with great danger of fatal results to himself. This prompt action of his, however, undoubtedly saved the institution from utter wreck. So great was the confidence in him that upon his return the with- drawal of deposits ceased and money was freelj- ofTered from many sources. Those who knew the man believed that he would find a way to save the bank from ruin, and they were not disap- pointed. The failure of C. J. Kershaw & Co., who kept an account with the American Exchange National Bank, involved it in extensive and complicated litigation, which, with other almost insurmount- able obstacles, would ha\e di.scouraged any man of ordinary pluck and ability. It is a well-recog- nized fact that to Mr. Dewey was wholly due the conception and execution of the plan which lifted the bank from the wreck and disaster in which it was plunged and placed it among the solid finan- cial institutions of Chicago. Upon his retirement from the bank the press of Chicago and financial publications in New York, Boston and London gave him very flattering notices. Mr. Dewey's proposition to make an assessment of thirty per cent, upon the stock was promptly responded to, and then the battle for restoration was vigorously prosecuted, and, to those most familiar with the facts of that history, his success stands a marvel- ous achievement. Another notable incident con- nected with the struggle of the bank at this time was the famous suit against the Fidelity National Bank of Cincinnati, which was finally carried through the various courts to the Supreme Court of the United States, and a victory won by the American Exchange National Bank which was of the most profound interest to bankers' and busi- 44 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. ncss men generally. The bank showed its ability to recuperate from its losses and exhaustive legal expenses by earning and paying ever since that almost fatal panic a continuous yearly dividend of six per cent., in addition to which it has placed to the credit of its surplus funds and undivided profits over $250,000. These results speak vol- umes for the sagacious management of the bank, and forcibly endorse the wisdom of its stock- holders in placing Mr. Dewey in full charge as president, which was done immediately after the commencement of the troubles which followed the cashing of the Fidelity drafts. The heavy duties and intense anxiety connected with the reorganization and recuperation of the bank depleted Mr. Uewey"s health, and made a tempo- rary retirement from close confinement to busi- ness a necessity. After the bank was fully relieved of all complications growing out of its misfortunes in 1887, Mr. Dewey frequently expressed a desire to be relieved from the active duties and respon- sibilities of the presidency, and finally decided to retire, which he did on August i, 1891. and in this connection it is proper to give the follow- ing resolutions which were unanimously adopted by the Board of Directors of the American Ex change National Bank at a meeting held in Jul>-, 1 891 : WherE.\S, David B. Dewey. President of the American Exchange National Bank, has from time to time, and es- pecially during the last year, intimated his desire to be relieved from the exacting burdens and cares of his office, and mainly for reasons connected with his bodily health ; and Whereas, It has come to the knowledge of the Board of Directors that this desire has been intensified by the assur- ance of his physician that the day was not far off when, if not voluntarily, he would be compelled to desist from these labors ; now, therefore, be it Resolved, That in our association with Mr. Dewey during the last five years he has become greatly endeared to us as a friend; his companionship has been a pleasure and delight; we have learned to confide in his judgment as a clear-minded and conscientious business man. Times of trial and days of adversity have strengthened our faith in his unswerving in- tegrity and thorough loyalty to all the interests of this bank. The days have not always been bright, nor the skies without their clouds, but in the experiences that brought so much of anxiety and apprehension, the bonds of personal friendship and mutual confidence have grown all the stronger. We de- sire to assure him that whenever it shall seem to him best to retire from the executive chair of this bank he will take with him our warmest regard and a confidence in his executive ability and personal integrity that has become all the stronger by reason of the obstacles overcome and mipedimcnts sur- mounted, all of which gives assurance of stability and a per- manent growth as to the future of the bank. The Board ot Directors are not unmindful of the extraor- dinary services of Mr. Dewey that were crowned with the most important results in the matter of the troubles ot four years ago, and it is only an act of simple justice that we record our grateful remembrance of his personal sacrifice and service through those times of perplexity and difficulty, and to hope that whatever may be his relation to us he will at least consent to remain on the Board of Directors. Mr. Dewey has been for many years a promi- nent Mason, and on November 17, 1890, there was held at the Evanston, Illinois, Masonic Temple a memorial service in commemoration of the services of Sir Knight Dewey in securing a charter for the Evanston Commandery. There was placed in the walls of the Asylum a marble memorial tablet bearing the name of Dewey, and in the library a fine crayon portrait. The feelings of his INIasonic brethren can best be evidenced by quoting direct from the pages of the memorial book published giving an account of the proceedings. In the dedication of the volume, Hon. Charles G. Neely said : " In recognition of one who so pre-emi- nently labored to secure our Masonic home, wheru we may meet in m\'stic association the friends and companions of our youth, and in honor of him who does in his life so highly exem- plify the noble principles of character building and friendship therein made, there has been placed in the walls of the Asylum a marble meiriorial tablet bearing the name ' Dewey," and in our hearts most truly indeed are his work and worth remembered." Eminent Sir Charles G. Haskin said : " We have, therefore, Sir Knight Dewey, as a tribute of our respect and admiration for those knightly qualities, placed in the walls of our Asylum a memorial Maltese cross bearing your name, and in our par- lors your portrait, not only to show our esteem and brotherly love for yourself, but to perpetuate the memory of those qualities of heart and mind the exercise of which has so much been a pleasure to \ou and at the same time the means of pro- viding for the fraters of Evanston a home." Past Eminent Sir Robert Hill : " My first intro- duction to Sir Knight Dewey was upon the first organization of this Commandery, or rather before its organization, and the impression I gained of him then was that he was a manly man and a BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY A.\D PORTRAIT GALLERY. 45 knightly man. That impression has remained witii me ever since." Sir H. H. C. Miller: "In all his planning and doing, he was absolutely unselfish. To his indom- itable energ>-. persistent effort, successful planning, large personal influence and eloquent words on the floor of the Grand Commandery on that memo- rable day in October, 1885. when the fight was finally won, we are chiefly indebted for the e.xist- ence of Evanston Commandeiy." Sir C. H. Remy : " A man, Sir Knights, ener- getic, persevering, faithful, loyal, true, bravely meeting discouragements, overcoming all obstacles, with the windows of his life shut against despair, never faltering, never failing, always brave, gallant and chivalrous, and winning a success that in every sense symbolizes the great virtues of true knight- hood." Sir E. S. Weeden : " We erect here a memorial stone to the most noble of virtues — tireless self- sacrifice for the good of others. And we write upon it the name ' Dewey.' We meet to-night to honor one who has been foremost in founding this noble order in our peerless village home. We honor him because he has most faithfully exem- plified the principles of our order. His labors in securing our charter were tireless, his self-sacrifice boundless, his faith limitless, and his final triumph over seeming impossibilities most signal and com- plete." Sir Frank P. Crandon : " Brother Dewey. I con- gratulate you upon the respect and well-founded esteem and the constant \eneration of your brother Sir Knights. May you always realize, as I believe you now realize, that your place in their hearts is established and that your fame in their hands is secure." Sir Volney W. Foster: ''I am especially glad to make a memory for this man." Sir George S. Baker: "It is fitting that we should in some manner signalize and commemo- rate the knightly ser\'ices of our frater. Sir Knight Dewey. Let us especially rejoice that we dedi- cate here no memorial of departed worth, but that the same patience and perseverance, the same faith and magnanimous valor are still with us, ready to take up the sword, if need be, or plead our cause in fitting words." Sir L. W. Conkcy : "How beautiful, simple and striking is this tablet we see on the walls of this dear templar home of ours! 'Dewey.' What does this mean? To us who know this Sir Knight, this Christian gentleman, who loves ever>-thing that is good and true, it means much." Sir M. B. lott : "Through Xhe untiring efforts and unwearied zeal of this beloved Sir Knight, Evanston is in possession of a commander)-. This is but one of his many laudable deeds, and to know is but to love him." Sir James H. Raymond : " I have the most unbounded confidence and the warmest admiration in and for his integrity and his absolute devotion of mind, body and estate to all persons and plans in which he has confidence." Sir W. S. Mellen : "If ever knight possessed knightly virtues to make him the peer of any king. Sir Knight Dewey is the man. With a heart as tender as a woman's, with a hand always open to aid those in trouble or distress, and with a soul brave and true to every con\iction of right, any man can be proud of his friendship, and those who are so blessed can rejoice in his love. In the many years I have known Sir Knight Dewey, and in which there have grown up between us friendly ties of more than ordinarj- strength, I have learned to judge him as a man far abo\'e the ordinary-. Positive in his con\ictions, tender in his loves, loyal in his friendships, a knight beyond reproach. Would there were more such men in the world I If there were such men in the world to hold the balance of power, corruption would die from lack of sustenance, the jail doors rot off their hinges, and wrong in high places be unknown." Sylvester F. Jones, D. D. : "In honoring him you honor yourselves. If the establishment of your commandery in Evanston was a work of difficulty, requiring energv', patience and persist- ence, combined with moral courage, he was just the man for the work. I have found in him these qualities in a very marked — in fact, exceptionally marked — degree ; qualities which may be summed up in one word, a word lustrous in earth and Heaven — fidelity." Rev. N. D. Hillis: " Happy is he who gathers as he goes such symmetry and shapeliness, such temper and quality, and measures out such sym- pathy and justice as evoke from comrades and neighbors such tributes of praise." The abo\e quotations from eminent Sir Knights show this man's character, and are an endorsement 46 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. beyond question. In all the relations of life, whether of a business or social nature, his charac- ter has been beyond reproach, and his integrity has never been questioned. His loyalty to every interest committed to his care has led him to assume burdens from which men would shrink. Charitable at all times and to all people, he is rec- ognized as the firm friend and gallant defender of the poor, towards whose needs he has ever gen- erously contributed in time and money. It is a life notably worthy of emulation by all who would have it truthfully said of them, "Well done," HON. VAN HOLLIS HIGGINS, CHICAGO, ILL. AMONG the successful and distinguished men of Chicago, none deserves ^ more honorable mention than he whose name heads this biogra- phy. A native of Genesee county, New York, he was born February 20, 1 821, the son of David and Eunice (Sackett) Higgins. His father was a native of East Haddam, Conn., and a farmer by occupation ; he settled in Cayuga county. New York, in 1814; later removed to Genesee county, but afterwards returned to Cayuga county and died there in 1827. His mother, a native of Ver- mont, died in 1847. She was a daughter of Will- iam Sackett and sister of the Hon. William A. Sackett, now a resident of Saratoga, and formerly member of Congress from Seneca county, New York. David and Eunice Higgins had eight sons, of whom our subject was the fifth. He received his primary education in the public schools of Auburn and Seneca Falls, New York, and at the early age of twelve years en- gaged in business at the last named place, as a clerk in the store of his eldest brother. Four years later, in 1837, prompted by an am- bition for a field of action where his powers might have full and free scope, he removed to Chicago, where his brother, A. D. Higgins, had established himself in 1835 as proprietor of a general store, and with whom he associated him- self as an assistant. Chicago then had le.ss than five thousand inhabitants. After leaving school he persisted in keeping up his studies, devoting all his spare time to that end, and during the win- ter of 1837-8 taught a district school in Vermilion county, Illinois, with much success. Prior to this time his brother had become publisher of the Missouri Argus, a daily paper of St. Louis, Mo., then a prosperous city of some fifteen thousand inhabitants, and in the spring of 1839 our subject went thither and spent a year in reportorial work. He after- wards engaged in mercantile business at St. Louis' on his own account, and although the venture proved a financial success, he was not satisfied, and yielding to a long cherished desire to enter the legal profession, voluntarily sold out his business and turned his attention to the study of law. In the spring of 1842, being then twenty- one years of age, he went to Iroquois county, Illinois, and there continued his legal studies, and a few months later was duly admitted to the bar. He practiced one year at Middleport, and in 1845 removed to Galena, Illinois, where, in the follow- ing year, he associated himself with O. C. Pratt. Esq., afterwards a judge of the Supreme Court of Oregon, and later judge of one of the District Courts at San Francisco, Cal. This partnership continued till 1849. ^I''- Higgins continued the practice of law at Galena with constantly increas- ing success and popularity till 1852, and during his residence there was for two years City Attor- ney. Returning to Chicago, which had grown to be a city of thirty thousand inhabitants, he soon afterwards formed a partnership with Messrs. Cor>-don Beckwith and B. F. Strother, under the firm name of Higgins, Beckwith and Strother. The firm prospered from the start and soon came to be one of the most prominent in Chicago. Mr. Higgins had never sought the honors or emoluments of office, although from the beginning of his career as a lawyer he had taken an active interest in political matters. With the more intel- ligent class of his fellow-citizens, by whom he was naturally looked to as a leader, he was opposed to the repeal of the Missouri Compromise and the extension of slavery, and upon the formation of the Republican party in 1856, he became identi- C^'c.^/i^/^ ^^ f BIOGR.irHICAL DICTIOXARY A.\D PORTRAIT GALLERY. 49 fied with it, and two years later was elected to the General Assembly of Illinois on the Republican ticket. In the legislature he held a commandin'^ position, and became known as a high-minded, patriotic and impartial legislator, and at the close of his term he was elected judge of the Superior Court of Chicago by an overwhelming majority. During the period of the civil war. Judge Higgins was conspicuous for his zeal in the cause of the Union. He was a warm personal friend and staunch supporter of President Lincoln, and in word and deed lent himself to the support of the measures inaugurated by those who were in accord with the President in his work of saving the Union. He early saw the necessity of organi- zation among Union men, and was largely instru- mental in forming the Union Defense Committee of Chicago, which may justly be classed with the Union League and other leading organizations that rendered such cfificient service and contributed so largely to the success of the Union cause. Judge Higgins was prominent as a member of the exec- utive committee of this organization, and by his counsels and work rendered ser\-ices in raising and equipping recruits, furnishing supplies and cloth- ing, helping the sick and wounded and comforting the bereaved, that gained for him a high place in the esteem of his fellow-citizens, as a patriot and philanthropist. In the fall of 1865, Judge Higgins resigned from the bench, and forming a partnership with the Hon. Leonard Swett and Col. David Quigg, under the firm name of Higgins, Swett and Quigg, resumed the practice of law. This relation- ship continued until 1872, when he withdrew from the firm to accept the presidency of the Babcock Manufacturing Company. Four years later, on January 1st, 1876, he withdrew from active parti- cipation in the affairs of this company, and took charge of the financial department of the Charter Oak Life Insurance Co. for the Western States. Judge Higgins, as proprietor of Rose Hill Ceme- tery Co., has been at the head of that organization since 1872, and since 1880 has been president of the National Life Insurance Company of the United States, the only life insurance company in existence chartered by Congress. He is also president of the Fidelity Safe Deposit Company of Chicago ; is a member of the Chicago Har Association, of the American Har Association and of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, and was one of the charter members of the Chicago Historical Society. He is a man of genial, sunny nature and social qualities of a high order, and finds time to indulge his social tastes, being a member of the Kenwood Club, the Wash- ington Park Club, the Union League Club, and president of the Hyde Park Suburban Club. Throughout his busy life, Judge Higgins has been an enthusiastic lover of mechanical arts and has devoted much time to mechanical pursuits, and in gratifying his tastes in this direction has invented and patented a number of important mechanical appliances. In forming an estimate of the char- acter of Judge Higgins, one cannot but be im- pressed with his varied talents and qualities. The late Emery A. Storrs speaking of him, said, " He is a man of great public spirit, and is in feeling and character a typical Western man. From the beginning. Judge Higgins has seen with a vision clearer than most men, not only the probabilities but also the possibilities of the West ; and what a quarter of a century and more ago he so clearly saw, and what he so confidently prophesied, he has diligently worked to realize." Throughout his life he has been a diligent student, and, especially in the line of his profession, has given to his intel- lectual tastes the fullest scope. Endowed by nature with a legal and judicial mind, he engaged in his professional work with a zeal and love that could not but lead to the highest attainments and win for him an honorable name. He was especially noted for his pains-taking in the prepa- ration of his cases, and by reason of his thorough knowledge of the law, performed his professional work with an ease and naturalness that marked him as a master and leader. Possessed of a pro- digious memory, he was enabled to recall de- cisions and precedents at will, so that on the bench he was able to dispatch the busines* of his court with rapidity ; and so thorough was his comprehension of legal principles, and such his conscientious regard for the duties of his high ofirtcc, that he made few mistakes of judgment and his decisions were rarely reversed. As a judge he dealt with law not merely in the abstract, but applied its principles with discretion and justice, in which he was greatly aided by his thorough acquaintance with business and business methods. In judicial manner he was a model : 50 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. courteous and affable, patient and attentive to all, he knew no favorites; and no lawyer practicing in his court ever had just cause to complain of unfair treatment. A point presented, though new and seemingly opposed to the current authority, received his careful attention and if reason justi- fied, was fearlessly sustained. Always deeply interested in young men, his position on the bench afforded him many opportunities of aiding and encouraging the younger members of the bar who appeared before him. Comparatively few of those who practiced before him are still members of the Chicago bar ; but wherever they are, his profound learning, patient forbearance, uniform courtesy and genial yet dignified manner, will ever be held in honor and grateful remembrance. In personal appearance Judge Higgins is tall and well proportioned and has a commanding and dignified bearing, with features marked by firm- ness and decision of character, yet softened by culture and amiabilit}- of manner. His life has been one of constant activity ; and in whatever position placed he has shown himself master of it, achieving both distinction and success. Public- spirited, large-hearted and high-minded, his public acts and private life alike have contributed to the welfare of his fellows, and it is but fitting and just to say that he holds a first place among the honored men who have made it possible for their adopted city to attain to the high position she now holds among the leading cities of our land ; while among his personal friends and acquaint- ances, he is loved and revered for his kindly, noble deeds and manly qualities of mind and heart. Although his life has been so full of activity, yet he has alwaj's cherished a love for home and no- where finds greater enjoyment than when gathered with his family, or entertaining his friends around his own fire-side and hospitable board. Judge Higgins has been twice married; first in 1847 to Mrs. E. S. Alexander, of Jacksonville, Illinois, who died in 1882. In 1883, '^^ ^^'^s mar- ried to Miss Lena Isabel Morse, a daughter of Mr. A. C. Morse, of San Francisco, California. JOHN CRERAR. CHICAGO, ILL. BY the death of an upright and honorable citi- zen, the community sustains an irreparable loss, and is deprived of the presence of one whom it had come to look upon as a guardian, benefactor and friend. Death often removes from our midst those whom we can ill afford to spare ; whose place it is difficult to fill ; whose lives and actions have been all that is exemplary of the true and thereby really great citizen, and whose whole career, both business and social, serves as a model to the young and as a rejuvenation, as it were, to the aged. Such a career sheds a brightness and a lustre around everything with which it comes in contact. It creates by its usefulness and general benevolence a memory whose perpetuation does not depend upon brick or stone, but upon the spontaneous and free-will offering of a grateful and enlightened people. By the death of John Crerar, October 19, 1S89, the city of Chicago lost one of its most respected and prominent citizens. Born in New York City in 1827, h.is parents were Scotch, and he in- herited from them the sterling characteristics of that vigorous race. Educated in the schools of that city, he at length engaged in business there and became a member of the firm of Jesup, Kennedy and Co. He was prominent there both in business and social affairs, and possessing a large circle of friends, he kept up his acquaintance with many of them until the day of his death. In 1862, Mr. Crerar located in Chicago, in which cit}' he resided ever after. He was the senior of the well-known firm of Crerar, Adams and Co., and one of the incorporators of the Pullman Palace Car Co., of which he was a director. He was also a director of the Chicago and Alton Railroad Co.; the Illinois Trust and Savings Bank; the Chicago Relief and Aid Society; the Presbyterian Hospital ; vice-president of the Chicago Orphan Asylum, and president of the Chicago and Joliet Railroad Co. He was also connected with many other organizations and was a member of the Chicago, Calumet and Union Clubs. He was a frequent attendant at BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. the meetings of the Commercial and Literary clubs and evinced much interest in their literary exercises. In speaking of Mr. Crerar's death. Mr. J. Mc- Gregor Adams, who for a quarter of a century had been his partner and intimate friend, said : " I have been a partner and friend of Mr. Crerar for twenty-five years and his loss is a severe blow to me. He was a big-souled, generous man, liberal in all things, and one whose friendship was a thing to be prized and to be proud of. He was a philanthropist of the noblest type, and did a wonderful amount of good in a quiet way. For twenty-five years he and I have been business partners, and during that long period we never had a quarrel or dispute in any way. That thought will always be sacred in my memory and form one of my most pleasant recollections of him. To his employees he was always the same — pleasant, genial and approachable. Frank and outspoken, decided in his views, he never hesi- tated to express them, though it was always done in an affable manner. He had a vein of quiet humor that made him a ver\- companionable man. Full of fun and anecdote, he dearl)- loved a good story. His peculiar manner of throwing back the lapel of his coat when telling a story will always be remembered by his friends." In religious faith he was a Presbyterian, and was a member and regular attendant of the Second Presbyterian Church, being one of the trustees, and always exhibited large-hearted liber- ality and generous interest in its welfare. In poli- tics he was a Republican, though he never held ofifice, with one exception. At the last presiden- tial election he was elected as the Presidential Elector from the First District of Illinois. As a citizen he was modest and retiring, but always ready and prompt to give of his means when calls for help were made on the city. After the great fire of 't\, he was a member of the Relief and Aid Society, and gave valuable assist- ance to that noble organization. The contribu- tions from the New York Chamber of Commerce and other donors to the relief fund were entrusted to him. The number of organizations to which he be- longed attest the respect and esteem in which he was held by his associates. A man of strong personality, refined and simple tastes, he enjo\ed art, literature and music ; of a genial and happy temperament, he was very sympathetic and com- panionable. Possessed of positive convictions, nothing could swerve him from his sense of dut\- and of right. By his will — which was probated for upwards of $3,500,000 — he left to charitable and benevo- lent institutions princely legacies, amongst them being the Second Presbyterian Church, the Scotch Presbyterian Church of New York, the Chicago Orphan Asylum, the Nursery and Half Orphan As\-lum, Chicago Presbyterian Hospital, the Chi- cago Historical Society, the Illinois Training School for Nurses, the Presbyterian League, the Old People's Home, the Home for the Friendless, the Chicago Relief and Aid Societ\-, the St. An- drew's Societies of Chicago and New York, the Chicago Manual and Training School, the Young IMen's Christian Association, the Chicago Bible Society, St. Luke's Free Hospital and the Ameri- can Sunday School Union. For a monument to Abraham Lincoln he gave $100,000, and over $2,000,000 for the founding of a free public library. The bequests were divided thus: About $1,000,000 to religious, historical, literary and benevolent institutions, and to rela- tives and friends about $600,000. It was patriot- ism as much as friendship which prompted him to set apart $100,000 for a colossal statue to Abraham Lincoln. These gifts alone would have endeared perpetually his name to the people of Chicago. But even nobler than these, as indi- cating broader and more enduring influences, is the Free Public Library Fund, that will gi\e to the citj- one of the most beneficent institutions it is the privilege of any city in the Union to possess. By the terms of this bequest, the books, period- icals, etc., are to be selected with a view to ex- tending a healthy, moral and christian tone throughout the communitj', and to the e.xclusion of nastiness and immorality. He requested in his will the following friends to act as the first board of directors of the librarj-, viz.: Norman Williams, Huntington W. Jackson, Marshall Field, E. W. Blatchford, T. B. Blackstone, Robert T. Lincoln, Henry \V. Bishop. Albert Keep. Edson Keith, Simon J. McPherson, John M. Clark and George A. Armour. A remarkable will truly! One that was marked by kindness, a loving re- membrance and much generous sentiment. A 52 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AND PORTRAIT GALLERY. will that shows the considerate spirit of the just man, for he provided for his relatives bountifully, and remembered his friends generously, while his provision for the poor and needy and those of the community standing in need of and worthy of help was munificent and princely in character. Letters testamentary were granted to Norman Williams (at whose residence Mr. Crerar died), and Huntington W. Jackson. The last ten years of his life he lived at the Grand Pacific Hotel, and was well known for the regularity of his habits, and many are the pleasant stories related of him, all emphasising more strongly, if possible, his many admirable qualities. His funeral services were held at the Second Presbyterian Church and conducted by the Rev. Drs. Patterson and McPherson. His remains were then taken to New York where similar services were held at the Scotch Presbyterian Church and conducted by Rev. Drs. Hall and Hamilton. Both services were largely attended. In New York city the flag of the Mercantile Library Association, of which Mr. Crerar was at. one time president, was hung at half mast. His parents and two brothers, the only mem- bers of his family, lie buried in Greenwood Ceme- tery, Brooklyn, and in compliance with Mr. Crerar's request, his remains were placed by the side of his " honored mother." Upon the stone which marks his grave are the words, " A just man and one that feared God." Upon his father's side he left no known relations. Upon his mother's side, her name being Agnes Smeallie, there are a number of cousins, who reside in Schenectady and Delaware counties, N. Y. By the death of Mr. Crerar the church lost one of its most earnest and sincere supporters, the city an honorable and upright citizen, and his friends a warm-hearted companion. His memory will long be cherished and his name often and kindly spoken of by those who knew him, also by that still larger circle for whom he has done so much, and for whose welfare and happiness he was an untiring worker to the last. ANDERSON FOWLER, CHICAGO, ILL. ANDERSON FOWLER, the managing direc- tor of the interests of the celebrated Fowler Bros. (Limited), belongs to that hardy class of American citizens who claim a heritage of Irish- Scotch ancestry. His father, George Fowler, of County Fermanagh, of North Ireland, traced his ancestry to a reverend member of the Fowler family, who was a chaplain in Oliver Cromwell's army, and who came to Ireland with that leader and located in that section of northern Ireland in which, our subject was born. The Fowler family were celebrated in England long before this, as one of its members, Charles F'owler, was knighted during the time of the Crusades. This English yeoman was apprised of the ap- proach of the enemy's array by the tooting of an owl, which noise awakened him from his sleep, and enabled him to give an alarm that saved the army from a disastrous surprise. For this action he was knighted, and he chose an owl as the sym- bol of his coat-of-arms. This explains the reason that an owl is used as the Fowler crest. His maternal ancestors, Anderson by name, were of the sturdy Scotch race; thus it can be seen that our subject is of the purest Anglo-Saxon extrac- tion. He was born in County Fermanagh, North Ireland, on June 16, 1843. His school education was obtained in the public schools of his native section. When but twelve years of age, he began his business career by entering his father's busi- ness, which had been established in 1842. This business was in the wholesale provision line, a line he has followed, with slight variations, ever since. In 1858 George Fowler, our subject's father, re- tired from mercantile life, and seven of his sons formed a co-partnership and succeeded to their father's business, organizing under the name of Fowler Brothers, and conducting a general provi- sion business. Although but a lad of fifteen at this time, Anderson Fowler was made a full partner, and shared the profits equally with his brothers. The eldest of the sons of George Fowler. James, p ¥ Y^^y^Z^^ BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY A.\D PORTRAIT GALLERY. is a canon in the Church of England, and was never interested in the mercantile pursuits of his brothers. Upon the death of his father, his brothers having relinquished all their claims in the property to him, he became possessed of his fath- er's landed estates. This estate is composed of farm lands located in North Ireland, in which George Fowler had invested his fortune when he retired from business in 1858. This property has never been a profitable investment. In 1862 the Fowler Brothers began operations in the United States, and at that time were the largest dealers in butter in the world. In 1863 they commenced business in Chicago, and since then our subject has divided his time between Liverpool, New York and Chicago. They have branches or agencies in all of the large cities of Europe and America, and the supervision that he has been compelled to give these different foreign agencies has forced him to make no less than seventy-seven trips across the Atlantic Ocean. The Fowler Brothers have always transacted their business upon sound business principles, and have always believed that a cash basis was the best for all concerned. Therefore, they have never purchased a dollar's worth of stock on credit. They have always been successful, and have ever been esteemed by the mercantile com- munity as good and shrewd business managers, who have invariably conducted their business in the manner that brings the best and most remun- erative returns. In 1890 the firm decided to dispose of a large share of their business to a company, and listed their stock in the different exchanges throughout Europe and America. Although several Ameri- can houses had previously done a similar thing, that had proved disastrous to the investors, the high esteem in which the Fowler Brothers were held caused the first issue of $3,750,000 of stock to be applied for more than twice over. No more fitting testimonial of the high respect the public have for the business principles and honor of this firm can be cited. The name of the company upon its incorporation became known as the '• Fow- ler Bros. Limited," and of this gigantic company, with capital stock of $3,750,000 (with privilege of increasing same to $4,500,000), our subject, Ander- son Fowler, is managing director and the control- ling spirit. All of this capital stock, excepting $750,000, is held by European in\estors. One cannot realize the magnitude of the business that this corporation conducts. They have large inter- ests in the different cities of the United States and Europe, but the center of all is in Chicago. They transport their products from the \\'est to the coast in their own refrigerator cars, which they manufacture themselves under patents of which they have the control. The distributive sales of this company exceed the immense sum of twenty-five millions of dollars annually — an amount so large that it cannot be grasped by the average mind. Although an Anglo-Sa.xon by birth, he has been a citizen of this, his adopted countrj-, for nearly a quarter of a century, and takes a deep pride in being a citizen of this Republic. Politi- cally, he belongs to that great, intelligent body of business men that are known as independent. In 1877 our subject was married to Miss Emily Arthur, daughter of the Rev. William Arthur, an eminent divine, of London. England. The Rev. Mr. Arthur is one of the most prominent clergy- men of Great Britain. He is the author of a num- ber of works of great literary merit, the most widely read and most popular being entitled " The Tongue of Fire." He was deeply interested in the Union cause during the War of the Re- bellion, and advocated both with his pen and his voice many means to assist the Northern cause. He used his powerful influence to introduce the American envoys in such manner as to enable them to settle the " Trent " affair, that caused so much disquietude on both sides of the Atlantic, both speedily and satisfactorily. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Anderson Fowler has been blessed with eleven children, eight of whom are still living, and in the circle of his home, which their happy voices and pleasant, cheerful countenances enhance in happiness, he finds that true content only found by a loving husband and father. He is a Methodist, and is ever ready, both with purse and influence, to assist any worth)- religious cause. Such is his biography. In conclusion, it can be truthfully stated that Anderson Fowler has ever, in passing through life, used honorable principles that place, him in a high position among the hon- orable business men of the world. He has ever 56 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. conducted his business affairs in such manner as to gain the respect of the community : he has ever endeavored to do to others as he would be done by. With an untarnished name and an un- approachable reputation, honored by his fellow- citizens, and revered by his many friends, who love him for his sterling integrity, there is no one who is more entitled to a prominent posi- tion in this biographical work than is Anderson Fowler. JAMES W. SCOTT, CHICAGO, ILL. THE publisher of the Chicago Hira/d—]&mcs W. Scott— was born in Walworth county. Wis., in June, 1849, and is the son of D. Wilmot and Mar\- C. Scott. His father was a practical printer, and was both the editor and proprietor of newspapers at Galena, III, for over thirty-five years. He died in 1888. Our subject received his early education in the public schools of the neighborhood in which he resided, and afterwards attended the Galena High School, and subse- quently Beloit College, Wis. Having learned his trade in his father's office, he ultimately went to New York and engaged in floriculture, and con- tributed while there numerous articles to papers devoted to that interest. Leaving New York, he became an employe of the Government Printing Office at Washington. In 1872, he located in Prince George county, Md., where he published a weekly newspaper. But Mr. Scott's ambition sought a wider field than could be obtained in this State at that period, and eventually re- turned to Galena, and together with his father started the Press. But a still larger field was yet what he desired, and after some twelve months or so in Galena he determined to locate in Chicago, which at this time was forging rapidly ahead, and giving every promise of a bright future, though it must be admitted that the position this city holds to-day, amongst the cities of the United States, was not even contemplated at this pe- riod (1875), by even the most sanguine of its citizens. Arriving here in 1875, he purchased the Daily National Hotel Reporter, and by dint of judicious management, it became an almost im- mediate success. Contemplating changing it from a class daily to a general newspaper, Mr. Scott, however, ultimately decided to leave it to the management of his partner, F. W, Rice,- who now so successfully conducts it. Organizing — in con- junction with several young men from the Chicago dailies — a stock company, in May, 188 1, the Chicago Herald was established, and in the fol- lowing year Mr. John R. Walsh, the well-known president of the Chicago National Bank, recog- nizing in Mr. Scott ability and judgment of a rare order, purchased the stock of those associated with him, and thus made the success of same — as far as matters of finance were concerned — an assured result. But something more than money is required if a paper is to become a general suc- cess, and this also Mr. Walsh gave to Mr. Scott, through his long business experience which cul- minated in many successes, but to Mr. Scott must be attributed in a large degree the suc- cess which has marked the establishment of, and still continues to make the Chicago Her- ald, one of this city's leading journals, and the one which possesses one of the largest morning circulations in the city of Chicago. Surrounded by a capable staff, and maintaining a liberal policy in news-gathering and its prepara- tion for publication, Mr. Scott himself overlooks the whole, and by his judicious management and mainly through his instrumentality, it has attained the reputation which it to-day holds amongst the leading journals of America. He was recently elected president of the Ameri- can Newspaper Publishers' Association for the third time, and was for three terms president of the Press Club of this city (no other member of the club having ever been given a second term). These elections amply attest the appreciation in which he is held by his brother publishers and journalists. In addition, he is president of the United Press —whose main offices are in New York — besides being an active or honorary member of nearly all the leading clubs of Chicago; while he is also a BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. 57 member of the famous Clover Club of Philadelphia and of the New York Press Club. In spite of the repeated enlargements of the Herald's quarters, they have become totally- inadequate to meet its ever increasing require- ments, and in the course of a few months this journal will occupy an elegant structure, designed and erected expressly for it. The Evening Post, which Mr. Scott, in conjunction with Mr. Walsh, established in April of last year (1890) already occupies its own building, and as to its success, it is but another example of what Mr. Scott is capable of accomplishing and of the peculiar abilities he so amply possesses in connection with the successful publishing and management of im- portant journals. Mr. Scott was married April loth, 1873,10 Miss Caroline R. Greene, daughter of Daniel W. Greene, one of the earliest settlers of Du Page county. Illinois. Mr. Scott having recently been elected a direc- tor of the Columbian E.xposition — as is generally known — was offered the presidency of the World's Columbian E.xposition, but owing to the enormous pressure he already sustains, in connection with his varied interests, he was forced to decline the same. Embodying that combination so rarely met with, of the capable editor and the shrewd busi- ness manager, he is thoroughly practical in all departments, and to this fact may, we think, be attributed the phenomenal success which has at- tended his career in the city of Chicago, of which city he is a prominent and leading citizen, while he also ranks as one of the most popular and successful journalists of the country. In manner courteous and affable, he is easily approached, while he possesses an innumerable host of both friends and acquaintances. A typical Chicagoan, he is one who is highly esteemed, and one whose further success may yet be looked for. EDWIN M. ASHCRAFT. CHICAGO, ILL. THE subject of this sketch was born on a farm near Clarksburgh, Harrison county, Virginia, August 27, 184S, the son of James M. and Clarissa (Swiger) Ashcraft. The family con- sisted of two sons and two daughters, of whom Edwin is the eldest. His brother is connected with the Tacoma Globe, at Tacoma, Washington. The Ashcraft homestead was very near the seat of the late War of the Rebellion, and several mem- bers of the family fought on behalf of the Union cause. Edwin received his early education in the public schools and afterwards entered Wheeling University, and subsequently studied at the State University at Normal, 111. During 1S67-68 and '69, young Ashcraft taught school, devot- ing his leisure hours to the study of law. In 1873, he passed his examination before the Supreme Court at Springfield, and was admitted to the bar of Illinois, and at once opened an office and began the practice of his profession at Van- dalia, and met with good success from the first. In 1873, ^^ ^^'^^ elected Prosecuting Attorney of Fayette county. III., and held that office three years. In 1876, he was nominated on the Repub- lican ticket as congressman from the Sixteenth Congressional District, and although unsuccessful, such was his popularity that he reduced the former Democratic majority of his district from five thousand to fourteen hundred. His oppon- ent in this contest was Mr. W. A. J. Sparks, who served as Land Commissioner under President Cleveland. Removing to Chicago, April, 1SS7, he associated himself with Messrs. Cratty Bros., under the firm name of Cratty Bros, and Ashcraft. On June i, 1S91, he withdrew from that firm and formed the present firm of Ashcraft and Gordon. Mr. Ash- craft is distinctively a trial lawyer, and from the time of his arrival in Chicago, he has been emi- nently successful, having all the business he can attend to, while his reputation is such that he is in a position to select his cases. In politics Mr. Ashcraft is a staunch Republican, and he is a member also of the Hamilton Club. He was married in 1875 to Miss Florence R. Moore, daughter of Mr. Risden Moore, of Belle- ville, 111., by whom he has four children, one of whom is a popular singer at the Woodlawn Epis- 58 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. copalian Church. A man of domestic tastes, he finds his truest happiness in the delights of home, and cares httle for poHtical or club life. He is not a member of any church, but contributes liberally to all worthy benevolent and charitable objects. A tireless worker, persevering and industrious, he never relaxes his energy until the case or the work he has in hand is completed. He is a force- ful speaker, his style of argument being at once clear, logical and convincing. He never resorts to clap-trap, and indulges but little in flowers of rhetoric, but in a plain, matter-of-fact manner appeals to the good sense and judgment of his auditors. He is a man of broad humanity, strict integrity, and great popularity, and counts among his personal friends men of all classes and ranks, and is justly entitled to be ranked with Chicago's representative men. EDSON KEITH, CHICAGO, ILL. FOR thirty-eight years, he whose name heads this biography has been a resident of Chi- cago, and as such he has taken a prominent posi- tion amongst those who have materially added to the prosperity of the city, and at the same time he has used his most earnest efforts to better the moral status of the people. In Barry, among the Green Mountains of Ver- mont, on January 28th, 1833, Edson Keith was born. Through his father, Martin Keith, a New England farmer, he traces his ancestry to Scotland, the town of Keith being named after the family, the founders of the American branch of which were among the early settlers of New England. The childhood days of Mr. Keith were passed by attending the common schools in his native town and assisting his father in his pastoral du- ties as much as his age would permit. He re- sided in Montpelier, Vermont, four years, and in 1854 removed thence to Chicago, where his intro- duction to mercantile life was as clerk in a retail dry goods house. In 1856 he entered the employ of Benedict, Mallory and Farnum, wholesale deal- ers in hats, caps and furs, and remained with that firm as salesman and collector for four years, when he became associated with his brother, O. R. Keith, Esq., and Mr. A. E. Faxon, under the firm name of Keith, Faxon and Co., jobbers of hats, caps, furs, millinery and straw goods. In 1865 Mr. Faxon retired from the firm, and E. G. Keith, a younger brother of our subject, was admitted into co-partnership, the style of the firm becoming Keith Brothers. In 1879 O- R- Keith withdrew from Keith Brothers and established the wholesale millinery business of O. R. Keith and Co., which continued until 1884, when the two firms of Keith Brothers and O. R. Keith and Co. were consolidated under the name of Edson Keith and Co. In 1887 the corporation of Keith Bros, and Co. was formed to conduct a wholesale hat and cap business, and our subject became president of that corporation. Mr. Keith has other large interests, among the most important of which are his connection with the Metropolitan National Bank, of which he is a director, and his interest in the firm of Keith and Co., which controls a large terminal grain elevator. He has at various times been active in real estate transactions, and is one of the most sanguine and enthusiastic believers in the greatness of Chicago. His entire business interests have been so con- ducted as to bring most satisfactory results, and his reputation for straightforward, honest dealing is unchallenged. Politically, Mr. Keith's sympathies are with the Republican party, but he is not bigoted nor bound strictly to party lines, believing always that the man best fitted for the office should be chosen by the people, whether Republican or Democrat. He is interested in religious matters, but is not a member of any church organization, and is a generous friend of charitable institutions. Socially, Mr. Keith is much esteemed, and for three years (during which time the new home of the club was erected) he was president of the Calumet Club. He is also a member of the various clubs of Chicago and New York. In i860 Mr. Keith was married to Miss Wood- ruff, daughter of one of the earlier settlers of Chicago. Their familv consists of two sons. The ^U^- BIOGRAr:uf:AL DICTIONARY AXD PORTRAIT uALLERV. 6l elder, Edson, Jr., graduated from Yale in 1884, and spent three years at the Columbia Law- School, in New York. The younger son, \\'altcr \\'., is now a student at Yale. Mr. Keith is a lover of art and a student of literature. He is a friend of the Art Institute, and was vice-president of that institution for sev- eral terms. He has traveled very extensively, making annual trips to Europe, and by ming. ling with the people of the world his mind has been richly stored and his views of life broad- ened. The Citizens' Association of Chicago owes not a little of its prestige to the labors of Mr. Kciili, who assisted in its organization and for three years was its president. Such is the biography of one of the foremost men of the West, who owes the high position he now occupies entirely to his own exertions and his honor and integrity. The teachings of his parents were such as to insi^iru him with love for truth and honesty, and tiiese teachings, combined with a natural instinct, have made him ever de- spise anything that had the least taint of dishon- esty. He is a most illustrious prototj-pe of the self-made man. MALCOLM M. JAMIESON, CHICAGO, ILL. IT has been said that the stud)- of biography- yields to no other subject in point of interest and profit ; and while it is true that all bio- graphies, and more especially those of successful men, have much in common, yet the life sketches of no two individuals are alike. Each has its distinctions and various points of interest, and each is accordingly complete in itself. The subject of this sketch was born on the 27th of May, 1846, and is the son of Egbert and Caroline (Woodward) Jamieson, his mother being a daughter of Theodore Woodward, at one time president of Castleton Medical College, Vermont. His father was an eminent surgeon and a pro- fessor of surgery in both Castleton, Vt^, and Albany, N. Y., medical colleges, and subse- quently became surgeon of the First Wisconsin Regiment. Our subject is one of nine children, of whom four are now living, his only brother being ex- Judge Egbert Jamieson, of Chicago. Young Jamieson received his early education in the public and private schools at Racine, Wisconsin. By the death of his father he was thrown upon his own resources, and at the age of twenty years began life for himself. This was in 1864. Going to Chicago, he obtained a clerkship with the Chicago and Milwaukee Railroad Company-, which he held some two years. Resigning this position, he entered the dry goods house of S. D. Jackson and Co.. as cashier, and remained witli them three years, wlien the house failed, and through the influence of the senior partner he became teller of the Fourth National Bank of Chicago. Two months later that bank was sold to the Manufacturers' National Bank, and Mr. Jamieson being ofTered a similar position with that institu- tion, accepted the same and held it until the panic of 1873 compelled that bank to go into liquidation. He then became connected with the First National Bank of Chicago, as teller, and remained with this bank until 1886, when he determined to commence business for himself, associating with himself Mr. William S. Morse, under the firm name of Morse, Jamieson and Co. They opened a banking and brokerage business at the corner of Dearborn and Madison streets. Mr. Morse subsequently withdrew from the busi. ness on account of ill-health, and since his retire- ment Mr. Jamieson, in connection with R. C. Nickerson, Esq., and J. H. Waggoner, late of the firm of W. G. McCormick and Co., has carried on the business under the name of Jamieson and Co., it being at this time (1892) located at No. 115 Dearborn street. Jamieson and Co. are promi- nent members of the New York Stock E.xchange, Chicago Stock Exchange and Board of Trade. On account of excessive competition Mr. Jamie- son's friends tried to dissuade him from this busi- ness venture, but the success that has attended him has proved the wisdom of his determination. (.Mr. Jamieson is vice-president of tlie Chicago 62 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY A.\D PORTRAIT GALLERY. Stock Exchange and one of its governing com- mittee.) He is also a member of the Union, the Germania, and the Athletic Clubs of Chicago. He has traveled extensively both in the United States and Europe. He holds the views of the Universalist Church in matters of religion, but is liberal in his senti- ments, and accords to others that freedom of choice which he himself would desire. In political matters he is a Democrat, though he takes no active part in party affairs. He was married in 1872 to Miss Julia S. Daniels, daughter of William Y. Daniels, of Chicago. They have three children, viz.: Malcolm M., Jr., William W. and Julia May. In personal appearance Mr. Jamieson is rather under the medium height, of robust build and light comple.Kion, with a pleasing presence and address. In manner he is courteous and affable, genial and sociable, and possesses the happy facility of making and retaining friends. The architect of his own fortunes, he has by perseve- rance and untiring energy, combined with much native shrewdness and more than ordinary ability, won success, and is numbered amongst the repre- sentative business men of Chicago. CYRUS HALL McCORAIICK, CHICAGO, ILL. THE city of Chicago is now and probably has been the home of as many men who have quietly and persistently, day by day and year by year, wrung practical favors from perverse fortune, as any city on the face of the globe. Though not a native of either this city or State, yet it was in the city of Chicago the subject of this sketch, the late respected Cyrus H. McCormick, resided for thirty-seven years. It was here he erected the mammoth works which to-day bear his name, and although many of his triumphs were undoubtedly won, and much of his success gained, previous to his location in this city, it was, however, in the city of Chicago that Cyrus H. McCormick devel- oped and consolidated his immense enterprises, achieved many of his most brilliant triumphs, and dying bequeathed to posterity a name which will remain a household word during centuries yet to come. His life history is that of one of the greatest inventors this century has produced. It is the life history of one who has done much for the advancement of civilization, insured the rapid development of this great country, and advanced the interests of our greatest and principal indus- try, viz., that of agriculture, in a manner and by such means as were not even contemplated in the earlier decades of the present century. He added lustre to the name of America by the benefit he conferred upon mankind, while his extensive philanthropy and the objects thereof will ever remain as a perpetual monument to him whose memory is still green within the hearts of thousands who enjoy the fruits of his genius and whose paths through life have been considerably smoothed as the result of his magnificent liberality to institutions of a benevolent and educational nature. Cyrus H. McCormick was born in Rockbridge county, Virginia, February 15, 1809. His par- ents were both of Scotch-Irish descent. His father, Robert McCormick, was a native of Rock- bridge county, while his mother, Mary Ann (Hall) McCormick, came from the adjoining county of Augusta, in the same State. They had eight children, of whom our subject was the eldest. Owning several farms, with .saw and grist mills, together with blacksmithing, carpentering and machinery shops for the repair and renewal of such implements as his business necessitated his possessing, Robert McCormick had more than a merely local reputation for mechanical ingenuity ; an ingenuity which subsequently became so strongly and prominently developed in Cyrus, the subject of our present sketch. Limited in his educational facilities, Cyrus, however, obtained the rudiments of a good common-school "education at the " Old Field School House," and by self- application and study added considerably to his knowledge gained therein, for he was naturally bright, possessing as he did a retentive memory and a mind quick of observation and keen of per- I BIOGRAl'H/CAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. 65 ception. He learned surveying at home while recovering from a fever. Inheritance of traits, characteristics, ability, was developed at an early age in young McCormick, for he was barely fifteen years of age when he constructed a finely-made grain cradle for his own .use in the harvest field, a cradle not quite as large as a man's full size, with which he helped to har- vest the crops, keeping up with the others. His invention of a hillside plow, capable of being used either as a right or left hand plow, at the will of the operator (patented in 183 1), and two years later his invention of a superior hori- zontal self-sharpening plow showed the mechan- ical bent of his mind, and demonstrated in no uncertain manner his possession of genius, and such as at a subsequent period brought him fame and honors of the highest and most exclusive order. It had long been an idea with young ^IcCor- mick that machinerj- should supersede the old- time method of cutting grain by hand labor. Its possibility had often occurred to him. In 1816 his father — who in the meantime had invented several valuable machines, embracing threshing, hydraulic and hemp-breaking, and upon some of which he had obtained patents — put to a practical test a machine of his own invention for the cut- ting of grain, which, while it failed to accomplish its purpose — inasmuch as though performing its work satisfactorily upon standing grain, it was unavailable when the same had lodged — yet ac- complished something of importance, for it was the means of drawing his son's mind to the sub- ject of cutting grain by machinery, and he came to the conclusion that the principle adopted by his father in the construction of his machine was radically wrong. His father's machine had up- right revolving cylinders, provided at their base with knives like sickles. Young McCormick, however, became convinced that the true prin- ciple lay in the construction of a machine which would operate on the grain as a ma.ss, with a horizontal reciprocating blade. To think was with him but to act, and, although remonstrated with by his father for his seeming waste of time and abilities, he could not be diverted from his course. Concluding that the necessary motion to cut the grain could be obtained by means of a crank attached to the end of the reciprocating blade, he made this one of the principles of the new machine, and having at length matured his ideas, he proceeded to transfer them into wood and iron, and with his own hand, and in his father's shops, young McCormick made every portion of this, his first machine. It consisted of three main features, viz., a vibrating cutting blade, a reel to bring the grain within reach of the blade, and a platform whereon to receive the falling grain. This machine, drawn by two horses, was put to a practical test during the latter part of the harvest of 1 831, in a field of oats within a mile or so of the McCormick homestead. Though imperfect, it proved remarkably successful, and we can imagine, though perhaps but faintly, the emotions of its young inventor at perceiving his fondest hopes realized. For there, and in the presence of the neighboring farmers who had con- gregated to witness its trial, young McCormick had the satisfaction of witnessing its triumph, and of receiving the congratulations of those present — his father being among the number — as the problem of cutting standing grain by ma- chinery had at length been solved, and what was hitherto but a dream had now become a certainty. Sometimes, while e.xperimenting, his mother's great interest in the invention led her to go to the field to watch the operation of the machine, riding her own favorite horse — the same on which she rode Sundays to Old Providence Church, Shortly after this Mr. McCormick engaged in a partnership for the smelting of iron ore, for at this period this industry offered him a larger field for the exercise of his ambition, and also prom- ised to be more profitable than the reaper. The panic of 1837, however, greatly reduced the price of iron, and financial disaster ruined the enter- prise. Equal to the occasion, however, Mr. McCormick determined to sacrifice all his re- sources and to liquidate at any cost his liabilities in connection therewith, by these means main- tainiivg the honor of his name and his character as an upright and honest man. In order to pay up the indebtedness of the iron business, he was forced to part with even the farm which his father had given him, and in doing this he preserved a conspicuous characteristic of his whole life — a stern integrity. Once more he turned his attention to the reaper. He now started in earnest upon the 66 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIO.XARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. manufacture of the invention over whose improve- ment he had spent so much time and thought in the workshops on the old homestead, and with the assistance of his father and two brothers, William and Leander, achieved important results, considering the disadvantages under which the business was carried on — made, as these reapers were, by hand. In those days there were no railroads and but few steamboats, while it was necessary that the sickles should be manufactured fort}' miles away, and they had to be carried on horseback. However, notwithstanding the many difficulties which beset them, they succeeded in turning out about ten machines per annum. Con- vinced, however, that as soon as their merits be- came known, the demand would become increas- ingly great, with unremitting energy they kept on manufacturing and improving. In 1844 the first consignment was sent to the Western prairies, the same being taken in wagons from the workshops at Walnut Grove to Richmond, Virginia (a dis- tance of 120 miles), and thence shipped to New Orleans and up the Mississippi and Ohio rivers to Cincinnati. With that keen perception which was one of his prominent characteristics, Mr. McCormick saw the possibilities of the great West, and of the enlarged sphere which it seemed to offer, and ac- cordingly, in 1846, he removed the manufacture of his machines to Cincinnati, Ohio, going through the western country himself on horseback, ob- taining farmers' orders for reapers, which he then gave as security to a Cincinnati firm as guaran- tee of payment if they would manufacture his machine under his direction, they having an outfit of shops, etc., for manufacturing purposes, while Mr. McCormick had nothing but his invention. In the same year, and after devising a number of valuable improvements in connection therewith, he obtained a second patent thereon. The McCor- mick reaper had by this time gained a wide and favorable reputation, and demands for same were constantly coming in, while the arrangements which he made with a firm at Brockport, New York, to manufacture the machines on a royalty, with a view of their introduction into the then great wheat fields of Central New York, further stimulated and made necessary an increased out- put. Still continuing to make improvements therein, in 1847-48 he obtained additional iiatents. Chicago at this time seemed destined to become what it has since proved to be in reality, viz., the commercial center of the immense agricultural districts of the great Northwest, and in 1847 he removed to this city. The year following his location here, seven hundred reapers were built and sold, and in the following year (1849) the sales amounted to over fifteen hundred. Taking into consideration the unimproved, and, compara- tively speaking, crude iron and wood working machinery of those days, this was a phenomenal achievement, and one worthy of him whose in- domitable energy and remarkable enterprise sub- sequently led to such great results, and became the means of making the name of " McCormick" familiar in every hairlet and section of the coun- try the civilized world over. About this time his two brothers, William S. and Leander J., became associated with him in Chicago. The success of the reaper being now thoroughly established at home, Mr. McCormick exhibited the machine at the World's Fair in London in 185 1, and spent some time in intro- ducing the reaper to the attention of European agriculturists. The Old World, accustomed as it is, and was even more so at that day, to look askance at any invention which seemed to promise a les- sening of hand labor, or to deviate in any way from old and time-honored conservative cus- toms, was at first somewhat inclined to be preju- diced against its introduction into the field of labor. As it was with the Stevenson locomo- tive, so it was with the McCormick reaper. Both, however, ha\-e proved their immense use- fulness, have outlived the prejudice arrayed against them, and have been the means of ad- vancing civilization b\- leaps and bounds hith- erto undreamed of. The London Times, though at first unfriendly and constantly prejudiced, candidly admitted, after witnessing its practical operation in the field before the \\'orld's Fair jury, that the value of the McCormick reaper was equal to the entire cost of the exhibition. Mr. McCormick's triumph was now complete. Honors showered in upon him, and both fame and fortune were at his command, and yet he remained always the same modest, unassuming man. BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AND PORTRAIT GALLERY. 67 In 1855 the reaper was exhibited at the Uni- versal Exposition of Paris, and here it obtained the Grand Prize. In the Great World's Fair in London, in 1863. it received the highest award. Twelve years later it was again exhibited at the E.xposition held in Paris, and was awarded this time, not only the Grand Prize, but its inventor was decorated by the Emperor with the Cross of the Legion of Honor — an honor, we need hardly say, bestowed upon few. We can not in a work of this nature particularize fully the many rewards which the McCormick reaper subsequently re- ceived, for they were so many and so varied that their mere enumeration would require more space than we have at present at our disposal. Though at first hampered by a lack of capital, and isolated from centers of communication and trade, and also opposed by the ignorance of the laboring classes, who feared the introduction of labor- saving machinery, and consequently were bitter in their opposition, Mr. McCormick overcame every obstacle. His untiring energj- and great adminis- trative ability surmounted ever\- impediment, and although Congress at first refused to grant him just patent protection, he eventually established his claim thereto, and in the argument before the Commissioner of Patents, Hon. Reverdy Johnson remarked : "The McCormick reaper has already contributed an annual income to the whole coun- try of over $55,000,000, which must increase through all time; " while the testimony of Hon. Wm. H. Seward was that, "owing to Mr. Mc- Cormick's invention, the line of civilization moves westward thirty miles each year. " Words such as these have no uncertain meaning. They are authoritative, definite, e.xplicit, and are a glow- ing tribute to him whose benefactions to the industrial world cannot be too highly estimated, nor are they capable of being overstated. In 1878 Mr. McCormick visited Paris for the third time, and there received for his reaping and self- binding machine a Grand Prize of the E.xposition, and the rank of Officer of the Legion of Honor was also conferred on him in recognition of his " having done more for the cause of agriculture than any other living man," at this time being also elected a Corresponding Member of the French Academy of Sciences. These honors but confirmed the opinion already expressed by two of his countrj-'s most famous statesmen with regard to his invention and the utility thereof. The great fire of 1 871 consumed, amongst the many other large buildings, the McCormick Works in this city. But the smoke of its embers had barely died away before Mr. McCormick com- menced to rebuild. To-day the plant is the larg- est, in output, of its kind in the world, covering, as it does, twenty-four acres (including grounds); over 1,500 men are employed therein, and the yearly manufacture now amounts to more than 100,000 machines. They are in use in every sec- tion of the civilized world, and in fact the sun never sets without a McCormick reaper having been at work in some harvest field or meadow in some quarter of the earth. Such is the result of an invention which, beyond a doubt, revolutionized the industrial world, and made its inventor one of the foremost men of the present century — a century which has produced so many great men and so many wonderful inventions. Married in 1858 to Miss Nettie Fowler, daugh- ter of Melzar Fowler, Esq., of Jefferson county. New York, he was blessed with a family of four sons and three daughters, two of whom, a son and daughter, died in infancy. Always to the front, and foremost in all good works, he took a keen interest in matters of a religious and educational nature. In 1859, ^•^ the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, held at Indianapolis, Mr. McCormick offered to endow the professorships of the Presbyterian Theological Seminary of the Northwest, provided the Seminary was located at Chicago. These conditions being gratefully accepted by the Assembly, the institution was accordingly estab- lished in this city, and since its foundation here has proved to be an immense power for good, while its influence in promoting the cause of Christianity throughout the great Northwest can probably never be justly estimated, for its value is incalculable. In addition to the original grant, Mr. McCormick subsequently contributed to it numerous other large donations from time to time, and to-day it stands forth as a fitting monu- ment to him who had its interests so much at heart, and to whose princely liberality it owes its existence. Further evidence of his great interest in relig- ious and educational work was his purchase in 68 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. 1872 of the Interior, a paper established in this city to represent the Presbyterian Church, but which had become financially weak, and was struggling with financial difficulties, out of which it seemed unable to extricate itself. To advance the interests of the Theological Seminary, to promote the welfare of the denomination gen- erally throughout the Northwest, and to foster the union between the Old and New schools, Mr. McCormick, at the solicitation of many friends, purchased it, and under his direction the Interior became a journal of vast influence, and financially strong. A liberal contributor to two of the colleges of his native State (including those located in Lexington and Hamden-Sidney). during the whole of his lifetime he bore in affectionate re- membrance the State of Virginia, in which he was born, and was ever most loyal and mindful of her best interests. ■ Of his administrative ability and wonderful business capacity we have already spoken ; and it was undoubtedly great, for amidst the various labor agitations and conflicts of the last few years there has been but little trouble amongst the w^orkmen at the McCormick Works. Professional labor agitators, combined with external pernicious influence, however, threatened at one time to sow the seeds of discord amongst an otherwise united and satisfied body of men. It resulted, however, in little or no good to the originators thereof, for such was Mr. McCormick's regard for justice being done his fellow-man, and such his liberality to those who served for him, faithfully, that his men had a genuine regard for him, and this was signalized upon more occasions than one, and in such a manner as to leave no doubt as to the sponta- neous nature of their feelings toward him and his family. In all his career he was characterized by firmness, promptness and decision, and by his un- swerving fidelity to the right, and his frank, fair dealings, he failed not in impressing upon all with whom he had to do, the genuineness and worth of his own manhood; while in his character he also combined those qualities of heart and mind that rendered him deservedly popular and secured to him the warm friendship of all who knew him. Of him it may in truth be said, that the two principal controlling points in his life were un- swerving integrity and kindh' humanity. Toward the close of his life Mr. McCormick suffered considerably. His magnificent intellect. however, never faltered, and to the last he re- mained the active head of the great company which he had organized and so successfully devel- oped, and which to-day still bears his name. He is said to have remarked upon one occasion, when discussing the advisability of retiring from active work at a certain age : " I know of no better place for a man to die than in the harness." And thus, as if "to give point to his words, his wish was fulfilled, and he died as he had wished to — " in the harness." Such a career as that of Cyrus H. McCormick benefits not only those who live during his time, but it also produces beneficial influences upon the young of future generations. An analysis of his life work bj' the youth of any age will certainly stimulate the most thoughtful and energetic to exert themselves to parallel his record. Cyrus H. McCormick was possessed of most of those traits of character that assure men of success in business life and endear their names to those with whom they are brought into contact. He was honored, not only in social circles, but also by those who labored for him in minor capaci- ties. His death took place May 13, 1884. The city of Chicago has ofttimes been called upon to la- ment the death of many of those who had been numbered amongst its most esteemed and re- spected citizens — many of those who had been pioneers in the work of its foundation and large contributors to the various enterprises which had aided in creating for this city the reputation she has for many years enjoyed and so fully main- tained. Yet we question very much whether the death of any citizen of this great city was ever so generally regretted as that of the late Cyrus Hall McCormick. His death was not only a great loss to this city, but by his decease the United States of America lost one of its great- est inventors, one of the most enlightened bene- factors, and a man whom the present century may be justly proud of having produced and en- couraged. In the city of Chicago the evidences of sorrow in the hearts of the multitude that congregated to pay their last tribute to his memory were to be seen upon every hand. Press and pulpit, not to BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. 69 mention different organizations, added their tes- the honored of the nation, and its perpetuity will timony to his worth, and to-day the name of remain unchanged so long as a blade of grass or " McCormick " stands high upon the roll of an ear of grain shall continue to grow. CHARLES K. GILES, CHICAGO, ILL. CHARLES K. GILES, fourth son of Prescott and Elmira (Stratton) Giles, was born at Athol, Massachusetts, on August 2, 1S40. He traces both his paternal and maternal ancestrj- to the early Puritan settlers of New England, one of his forefathers arriving in the JNIayflower. His early life was uneventful. His elementary education was obtained in the village school, which fitted him for an academic course of study in the New Salem Academy, where he finished his school education and graduated in 1S57. His first experience in business life was in the same line as that he is now in, and his business career, since the day he launched upon the mer- cantile sea, has been identified with the jewelry trade, and it is but just to state that he has made an enviable record for himself in that line, the house of Giles Bros, and Co. being to-day as widely and favorably known with the jewelry trade as any in the United States. After ob- taining a slight insight into the business, in the employ of his brother, Frederick Giles, of Maiden Lane, New York, he, with another brother, Wil- liam "A. Giles, came West, and began business in 1858 at McGregor, Iowa, under the firm name of Giles, Brother and Company. With foresight and good judgment, the Giles brothers perceived that Chicago was destined to become the great central distributing point of the United States, and accordingly, in 1S60. they re- moved thither, and established themselves in the jewelry business at 142 Lake street, under the style of Giles Bros, and Co. The firm is still (1892) doing business under that name, with an unbroken record of thirty-two years, a record no othei jewelr}' house in Chicago can show, and it is doubtful whether any firm in any line in this city can show a continuous existence under one firm name for that length of time. The firm prospered from the start. In 1871 they removed to No. 79 State street, where everything they had was swept away in the general conflagration of October 8th and 9th of that year. But, thanks to their unsullied record, they found themselves with practically an unlimited credit. They re- sumed business, and had re-entered upon a pros- perous mercantile career, when, in 1874, their prosperity was again interrupted by the destruc- tion of their building by fire. Since the fire of 1874 the prosperity of the house of Giles Broth- ers and Co. has been undisturbed. In 1882 our subject purcha.sed a controlling interest in the house and formed a limited stock company, of which he is the president. The marvellous suc- cess of the house of which our subject has been the controlling spirit for so many years is un- doubtedly due to his sound business principles and honorable mode of conducting his business affairs. The house, to-day, is the most widely known and the largest of its kind west of New York, and it transacts business not only in the United States and Canada, but its books contain the names of customers in the Sandwich Islands and other distant parts of the globe. In 1883 the house added to their business a diamond-cut- ting department, and it is the only establishment of its kind, outside of New York, in the United States. On March 25, 1873, Mr. Giles was married to Miss Mary Ferry, daughter of W. H. Ferry, of Chi- cago ; the union is blessed with three daughters. In .social circles Mr. Giles is widely and favor- ably known, and is a member of the Calumet, Electric and Union League social clubs. He is a prominent member of the Masonic fraternity, and has passed from the Blue Lodge through the degrees of the Mystic Shrine and Scottish Rite. Politically, he is a staunch Republican. He is a man of domestic habits and owns a beautiful home in Lake Forest, the most beau- tiful suburb of Chicago, whither he repairs when his business permits, and passes his spare time 70 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. in the circle of his family. He is a lover of sports, and takes great interest in hunting and fishing. He has visited most places of interest, both in this country and in Europe, and gained a vast store of valuable information. His career has been marked with signal success, the result of native ability combined with business enterprise, perseverance and tact. GEORGE SCHNEIDER, CHICAGO, ILL. THE subject of this biography is a fine repre- sentative of the German character, and stands prominent among the leading men of Chicago as a journalist, an officer of the gov- ernment, a financier, a banker, and a private citizen. A native of Permaseus, Rhenish, Bavaria, he was born on December 13th, 1823, and is the son of Ludwig Schneider and Josephine (Schlick) Schneider. He received his early education in the Latin school of his native place, and at the age of twenty-one entered the field of journalism, for which he was eminently fitted both by nature, inclination and ability. While acting in this capacity he took a most active interest in the Revolution of Rhenish Ba- varia against the tyranny of the Bavarian govern- ment, and he was appointed commissioner for several districts of the Provincial government, and rendered most efficient service. When the revolt was suppressed by the assist- ance of the Prussians, that portion of the insurgent army of which Mr. Schneider was an officer passed into France, and while there he saw that the hope for further help in the attempted revolution was vain, so he concluded to leave for the United States, and arrived in New York in July, 1849, his only capital an education, dauntless courage and determination to succeed. He first went to Cleveland, Ohio, but not find- ing a promising field he pushed westward to St. Louis, Mo., and there with his brother, who had also shared the ill fortunes of the Rhenish Revolution, started the Ncuc Zcit, a daily German paper with liberal anti-slavery tendencies. After the destruction of his establishment by fire in 1850, he accepted a professorship of foreign lan- guages and literature in a college near St. Louis, but soon removed to Chicago, and began the publication of the Daily Illinois Staats Zcitung, which had been previously published as a weekly paper. He took a decided stand against the " Missouri Compromise " in 1854, and he was one of a small company who called the first meeting held to pro- test against this slavery-e.xtending scheme. His outspoken opposition brought upon him the wrath of those who favored the measure, and in 1856 an unsuccessful attack was made upon his office, the result of which was to increase the influence of the paper among all classes. This opposition to the repeal of the Missouri Compromise resulted in the organization of the anti-Nebraska party, which afterwards became the Republican party. At the convention held for the organization of this body, he was a delegate, and notwithstanding the efforts of the " Know Nothings " to secure the repeal or modification of the naturalization laws, he, with the assistance of Abraham Lincoln and others, succeeded in incor- porating into the platform of the new party a plank, guaranteeing that the rights enjoyed by foreign-born citizens should not be disturbed, a guarantee which he, with the assistance of the Hon. John M. Palmer and other Western leaders, succeeded in having incorporated in the national platform adopted by the Philadelphia convention of 1856, which nominated John C. Fremont for President, and to which convention Mr. Schneider was a delegate from Illinois. From 1858 to i860 he strongly advocated the nomination of Hon. Wm. H. Seward for the presidency, believing him to be the most available man for that position at that time ; but in the Republican convention that met in the Chicago wigwam, and of which he was a delegate, he found the followers of his candidate in the minority ; though disappointed he promptly and heartily supported Mr. Lincoln, between whom and him- self a warm personal friendship existed. BIOGRAPHICAL D/CTIO.XAKV AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. 73 Immediately after his inauguration, Mr. Lincoln appointed Mr. Schneider consul to Denmark, with the special mission of enlightening the popular sentiment of northern Europe to the real merits of the contest between the United States govern- ment and the rebellious South. By writing and freely talking with the people, he accomplished his mission satisfactorily. Resigning his consulship in 1862, he returned to Chicago, having in the meantime sold his interest in the Slants Zcitung. He was ne.xt appointed Collector of Internal Revenue by President Lincoln, and for four years discharged the duties of his office with fidelity and to the entire approval of the government. During his administration he introduced and strictly adhered to the principles that are now known as "Civil Ser- vice Reform," selecting the men he needed for positions of trust with reference entirely as to their fitness and merit. After the e.vpiration of his term of office, he was elected president of the State Savings Institu- tion, which under his management soon ranked at the head of all financial establishments of its kind. Disposing of his interest in this institution in 1 87 1, he was elected president of the National Bank of Illinois, a position w'hich he still holds. This institution is recognized as one of the most successful banks in the city, and it is but just to say that its high standing is due to the excellent judgment, prudence and popularity of its presi- dent. As a business man Mr. Schneider is discerning, conscientious, cautious and conservative. As a citizen, his sympathies are always on the side of good order, progress and improvement, and in every relation of life he is uniformly a gentleman of honor, loving justice and doing right ; in all his career he has been active in promoting the interests of his fellow-countrymen. In 1877, Mr. Schneider was tendered the posi- tion of United States minister to Switzerland by President Hayes, but declined the offer, and in 1880 was an elector-at-large on the Garfield ticket. He was for several years president of the Ger- man Society for the protection of immigrants and the friendle.ss of that nationality, and through his influence a bill, providing for the protection of immigrants arriving on our shores, was passed by Congress. Mr. Schneider was married on the 6th of June, 1853, to Miss Mathilda Schloetzer, daughter of Dr. Schloetzer, who was government physician in the district of Rhenish Bavaria. The couple have an interesting family of seven children. Mr. Schneider was pardoned many years ago for the part he took in the Revolution of 1849, '^'^^ has revisited the home and scenes of his boyhood, which .still have for him many sacred associations. It is the lot of but few men to attain the high position of honor and distinction that the subject of our sketch has attained ; with him success in life has been reached by his sterling qualities of mind and a heart true to every manly principle ; he has never deviated from what his judgment would indicate to be right and honorable between his fellow-man and himself, and now after a long and eventful life, he can look back on the past with pride and enjoy the remaining years of his life, having gained for himself by his honorable, straightforward career the confidence and respect of the entire community in which he lives. JOHN R. WILSON, CHICAGO, ILL. FEW American journalists have risen to con- spicuous prominence in so short a time as he whose name heads this sketch. He was born at Hornellsville, New York, on April 28, 1852, and is the son of Stephen L. and Harriet (Smith) Wilson, and a nephew of Charles L. Wilson, formerly editor and proprietor of the Chicago Evening Journal. The paternal grandfather of our subject was Judge John Q. Wilson, of Alba- ny, New York, whose father was a Scotchman, who married a Miss Lush, of the Dutch Set- tlement, New York. The mother of our sub- ject was a native of Schenectady, New York, whose grandfather was a soldier in the Revolu- tionary War. After closing his studies at Lima, New York, L 74 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOiXARY A.XD PORTRAIT GALLERY. Mr. Wilson, in July, iS/i, removed to Chicago and accepted a clerkship in the counting room of the Chicago Evening Journal, then under the management of his uncle. In February, 1880, he became associated as a partner with the late Andrew Shuman, then editor-in-chief of that paper, and leased it for a term of three years, at the expiration of which time he secured the controlling interest in the company, which he still retains. Under its former management the Evening Journal, while challenging the respect of its readers, acquired a reputation of being extremely conservative, but under the guidance of Mr- \\'ilson, who is a man of keen business tact and progressive ideas, it has come to the front rank as a newspaper and a moulder of public opinion. Mr. Wilson has an aversion to mere sensational- ism, but is alive to the necessity of keeping in touch with the events of the times and giving to his readers all the legitimate news of the day, and has gathered around him a corps of accomplished writers and news-gatherers, who, under his intelli- gent direction, have made the Chicago Evening Journal one of the foremost and best evening newspapers in the land. The Evening Journal building — just south of the Tribune and Inter Ocean buildings — is one of the most imposing structures on Dearborn street, while its appoint- ments are in all respects among the best. In October, 1885, Mr. Wilson was married to a Miss Ripley, of Grand Rapids, Michigan. HON. IRUS GOV, CHICAGO, ILL. THE spirit of self-help is the source of all genuine growth in the individual, and as exhibited in the lives of many, it constitutes the true source of national strength. The record of the subject of this sketch enti- tles him to a prominent place in the present work, for his life is an example of the power of patient purpose, resolute working, and steadfast integrity, and illustrates in no uncertain manner what it is possible to accomplish when perseverance and determination form the keynote of a man's life. He was born in Chenango county, New York. July 25, 1832, and is the son of John and Almira (Pierce) Coy. His father was a soldier in the war of 1 8 12, and a man much respected in his day. Receiving his early education in the common- schools of the neighborhood, young Coy after- wards entered Central College, Courtland county, New York, and was graduated therefrom in 1853. His desire was to fit himself for the legal profes- sion, and in order to get money he engaged as a day laborer in the hay and harvest field, and in the fall of that year, with but fifty dollars in his possession, came to Illinois and engaged as a clerk in a dry goods .store. From his earnings while thus employed he saved enough to defray his ex- penses through the New York State and National Law School, at Poughkecpsie, New York, and after completing his studies, was admitted to the bar at Albany, New York, in 1857. Returning to Illinois, he located in Kendall county, and with but thirty-fi\e dollars in cash, a suit of clothes and a few te.Kt-books, he started in to compete with the skill and experience of the profession. Success, however, seemed to be with him from the outset, for he soon acquired a lucrative prac- tice, and it was not long ere he became the lead- ing lawyer in that .section of the State, and such was his ability and reputation that his counsel was sought by those far and near, and during his resi- dence in that county he was engaged in every trial of any note before the courts of his circuit. The esteem in which he was held in Kendall coun- ty may be gathered from the fact that he repre- sented that county in the State Legislature of l86g and 1870, where he became an influential leader; and it was said that during these sessions no important measure could be passed unless aided by his influence and counsel, while many of his speeches were undoubtedly among the most eloquent ever delivered in the Illinois Legis- lature. And it may be truly said that no constit- uency ever had a more faithful servant than Ken- dall county had in Mr. Coy, or any State a more zealous legislator — in the best sense of the term — than had the State of Illinois. '/r2^. although elected captain of this company, was prevented from entering by a severe attack of typhoid fever, contracted from exposure while re- cruiting and drilling the company in the night air. He has never sought political preferment, al- though important offices have been tendered him. He served twelve years on the Republican State Central Committee, being four years member at large for the northern district of Illinois. Mr. Williams was married in October, 1856, to Miss Maria A. Eggleston, a daughter of Mr. N. S. Eggleston, who was a thrifty farmer at Miller- ton, in Dutchess county, New York. Mr. Williams' career has been along the line of patient, persistent effort, and it is but due to name him among Chicago's successful men. He has amassed a small fortune which he has secure- ly and profitably invested, and, with his family, enjoys his luxurious home recently built at No. 4724 Dre.xel Boulevard, Chicago. ELBERT EUGENE JAYCOX, CHICAGO, ILL. ONE of the most imjiortant positions in connection with the World's Columbian Exposition is that of traffic manager. The official who wears this title, which carries with it influ- ence, dignity arid honor, should be a practical, active railroad man, fully up with the require- ments of the position of general traffic manager of a great railway. He must be familiar with the railroad world and its methods of doing business, how to get passengers and how to handle freight. While the traffic manager of the ordinary Ameri- can road is amply equipped for his position if he understands the transportation situation in his own country, the World's Fair traffic manager must organize a bureau to cover the earth. The transportation committee of the Directory, com- posed of the leading railroad officials of Chicago, were entrusted with the selection of a traffic manager. They wcr6 overwhelmed with ap{)lica- tions for the position, but after due consideration they selected Elbert E. Jaycox, and, very much to that gentleman's surprise, tendered him the office. He had never solicited the consideration of the committee, nor did he desire the appoint- ment. His selection was the choice of the com- mittee and the unanimous vote of the Directory. His appointment was the first of the executive staff of the E.xposition, and was approved b}- the Director-General October 12th, 1890. Elbert Eugene Jaycox was born on October 24th, 1856, in New York City. His parents, Wil- liam B. Jayco.x and Louisa M. (Bailey) Jayco.x, were both descendants of old New York families. His mother's grandfather was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence and a mem- ber of the first Congress of the United States. The Bailey family is an old one in this country's history, and one of the members of the family, which now contains many prominent financiers of New York State, has in his possession a deed, executed on parchment, in favor of one of the family, dated in 1580. William B. Jaycox, our subject's father, was a descendant of an old Knickerbocker family, tracing his ancestr}- to Holland. When our subject was a lad of nine years, the BJOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. 99 family removed West and located in Evanston, one of Chicago's most charming suburbs. Here he received his education and graduated from the Evanston High School in 1871. His inclinations and desires were strongly in favor of the career of a railroad man, consequently he obtained a posi- tion in the general passenger and ticket ofifice of the Chicago and North-Western Railroad, in a minor capacity — that of " foreign check clerk." For twenty years he remained in the service of this gigantic corporation, and by the faithful and honorable discharge of his duties he rapidly ad- vanced, and when he resigned his position to accept the office he now holds, he was occupying a high position of trust. His record while in the employ of the Chicago and North-Western was clean, and his appointment to the high position on the executive stafT of the World's Fair was not only unanimously approved by the officials of the Exposition, but the officials of the different railroad lines centering here deemed the appoint- ment extremely good. He is thoroughly familiar with the vast railroad system centering in Chicago, as well as with their connections stretching over the entire continent. He knows how to create a passenger traffic, and how to draw it here, besides possessing that in\'aluable accessory of a success- ful railroad official — a wide and popular acquaint- ance among railroad men. His connection with the North-Western Railroad has caused him to visit all sections of our country and Canada, and, it is needless to state, he has formed the acquaint- ance of men of prominence throughout the conti- nent that will be of great advantage to him in the position he now holds. Mr. Jaycox is one of the few men who have had Masonic interests at heart, and as such he was crowned with the highest honors at an early age. During the last triennial conclave he was on the staff of the Grand Commander of the State of Illinois, and he was the youngest Knight Tem- plar in attendance that had passed through all of the- chairs, and it is certainly true that he is the most prominent Mason of his age in the country. His Masonic record is one of which he should feel proud. He was raised to the sublime degree of Master Mason in Evans Lodge, 524, F. and A. M., September 12th. 1882; January 26th, 1S83, he was made a Royal Arch Mason in Evanston Chapter. 144: he was created a Knight Templar in Chicago Commander)-, 19, K. T., on September i6th, 1883. Having been a member of that com- mandery for one year, he was elected by unani- mous vote Captain-General, for the purpose of taking the commandery to St. Louis to participate in the triennial conclave. Afterward demitting from the Chicago Commandery, he became a charter member of Evanston Commandery, 58, K. T. An incident that shows far better than words the esteem in which Mr. Jaycox is held by his fellow Knights, is the fact that shortly after the commandery was constituted he was elected its Eminent Commander. He was chosen for the position, not only because he was universally es- teemed by all its members, but also because he was the Sir Knight deemed most eminently fitted to impregnate the proper spirit into the command- ery. At the time of his election as Eminent Commander, the membership of the commandery was the smallest of any in the State, and after his year of service the membership of the command- ery was doubled, and its standing was raised until it was second to none in that commonwealth. A prominent member of the Evanston Com- mandery, in speaking of the reason why Mr. Jayco.x, although comparatively speaking a very young man for the high office, was chosen Emi- nent Commander, expresses himself in the follow- ing terms: "Mr. Jaycox was chosen because of his personal popularity and fitness ; his service lifted the commandery out of the slough of de- spond." At the next annual conclave, he was again chosen for the position he had filled so sat- isfactorily, but he declined to serve. The following extracts from the Chicago Times explain his Masonic record in brief, the first from the issue of November 2d, 1890, as follows: " Sir Knight Jaycox is one of the most enthusiastic workers in the conimanciery, and a leader in all that pertains 10 the welfare of all the Masonic bodies with which he is identified. He was made a Mason in Evans Lodge only about seven yeais .ago, and within this comparatively short period he has earned and received honors in the craft of which many vet- erans might feel proud. Passing through the veils of Evans- ton Chapter, he entered the ranks of Knighthood in Chicago Commandery, No. 19, where he was soon elevated to the office of Captain-General. He retired from that body to become a charter member and take part in the organization of Evanston Commandery, of which he has always been a most active member and faithful, efficient and successful commander." The otiier extract, from the Sunday Times, of BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. March 29th, 1S91, gives a brief historj' of his record with Evanston Commandery, No. 58: "At the annual conclave of that year (1888) Eminent Sir Knight Elbert E. Jaycox was elected Eminent Commander, and by his energy, ability, push and zeal he brought the commandery- to the position it now occupies in the Templar world. I'nder his vigorous management a Masonic hall was erected in Evanston ; he planned, fitted and furnished it on a scale of splendor that has been the admiration of all who have seen it. He provided for the commandery the finest costumes and paraphernalia to be found in this country. At the time Eminent Sir Knight Jaycox's work commenced, the commandery had fifty-four members, and during his term of office fifty petitions were received for the Order of Knight- hood, and the membership had increased to one hundred and four, and the treasury contained nearly twelve hundred dollars." On March 6th, 1877, he was married to Harriet A. Walker, of Galena, Illinois. Mrs. Jaycox is a grand-niece of General Isaac Putnam, of Revolu- tionary fame. Her father was for many years a prominent merchant in Corfu, New York. Mr. and Mrs. Jaycox are blessed with three sons living, Charles Elbert, aged thirteen, Ralph Eugene, aged five, and Clarence Walker, aged one. In 1882, they met with a severe affliction in the loss of their second son, Herbert W., aged two years. In social circles, Mr. Jaycox is much esteemed; he was one of the organizers and a director of the Ivanhoe Club, of Evanston, and he has ever taken an active part in all affairs of this organization. He is also a member of manv secret societies out- side of his Masonic connections. He delights in a hunt, and is a member of the Minnesota Rod and Gun Club. Politically, he has ever been affil- iated with the Democratic party, and, although he has never sought an office, he was elected col- lector of South Evanston, in which capacity he served satisfactorily for one year. He is a mem- ber of St. Luke's Episcopal Church. Such is a brief sketch of his life. In it we find much to emulate. He has reached a position of prominence in the community that very few men of his age ever attain. In the transaction of the affairs of the traffic department of the E.xposition he merits the hearty approval of all the officials. He is a young man of thirty-five, who undoubtedly has a bright and prosperous future before him, and he is certain to become, ere long, one of the most prominent railway officials of the United States. He has always filled every position of trust allotted to him to the entire satisfaction of all, his twenty years' service in positions of trust with one of our great corporations pro\ing this fact. With the esteem of all with whom he has become associated, together w-ith an honora- able business record for the past twenty years, and with honors and achievements in the Masonic fraternity of the very highest degrees, there is no subject more worthy of a position of prominence in this biographical work than is Elbert Eugene Jaycox. MARSHALL FIELD, CHICAGO, ILL. TO say of him whose name heads this sketch, that he has, by his own efforts, risen from comparative obscurity to rank among the million- aire merchant princes of the world is but stating a fact that seems trite to those familiar with his history. The volume that might be written con- cerning his remarkable career would prove highly interesting to those curious to know the history of successful men. But Mr. Field, though one of Chicago's most generous public-spirited men and broad-minded philanthropists, is a man of quiet demeanor, modest and reticent, who recoils from any attempt at ostentation or notoriety. Any adequate historj- of his life would involve the history of the various business interests with which he has been connected since he began his active career. He is a native of Massachusetts, and was born in 1835. At the age of twenty-one years, he began his business career in Chicago as a clerk in the dry goods house of Cooley, Wadsworth & Co., then located on South Water street, and engaged in both the wholesale and retail trade. This was in 1856. In the following year the house removed to Wabash avenue, the firm name changed to Cooley, Farwell & Co., and the business was con- fined to the wholesale trade. In i860 Mr. Field became a partner in the business, and four years (Tl- ly BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. 103 later the firm name was changed to Farwell, Field & Co., Mr. L. Z. Leiter becoming a partner at that time. In 1865 Messrs. Field and Leiter withdrew from the business and associated them- selves with Mr. Potter Palmer, who was then con- ducting on Lake street a prosperous dry goods business which he had established in 1852, the firm name becoming Field, Palmer and Leiter. This firm continued till January, 1867, when Mr. Palmer retired from the business and the firm name changed to Field, Leiter & Co. In the fall of 1868 the business was removed to the north- east corner of State and Washington streets, where it continued to prosper until swept away in the general conflagration of October 8th and 9th, 1871. At the time of this disaster, the business of the firm, amounting to $8,000,000 a year, was carried on in a single building. The value of the firm's property destroyed was estimated to be $3,500,000, on which $2,500,000 of insurance was collected. The firm at once resumed business in the old street railway barn at the southwest cor- ner of State and Eighteenth streets, and without delay replaced the destroyed edifice at the corner of State and Washington streets by an elegantly planned structure, to be thereafter devoted exclu- si\eh- to the retail trade, while a commodious building was erected at the corner of Madison and Market streets for the accommodation of the wholesale department. This department was afterwards, in 1887, removed to its present loca- tion on Adams street, into the massive stone structure covering an entire block, and built expressly for it, and which is regarded as among the finest models of commercial architecture extant. Upon the completion of the new struc- ture the retail department was removed to the old site, and thenceforward the business has shown a marvelous growth, the sales having in- creased from $8,000,000 a year, before the great fire, to the enormous sum of $35,000,000 in 1891. Since 1881, when Mr. Leiter retired from the bus- iness, it has been conducted under the firm name of Marshall Field & Co. It certainly is not asserting too much to say of one who can direct and control a business of such magnitude, extending, as it does, from the Alps to the Rocky Mountains — for it involves branch houses in England, France and Germany — that he must possess, aside from mercantile foresight and sagacity, the happy faculty of reading and judging men, unusual powers of organization, and executive ability of a high order ; in a word, that his must be a master mind. And yet, if one shall seek in Mr. F'ield's career the rules that have led to his success, they will be found along the lines of well-tried and old-time ma.xims. Honesty and fair dealing; cash purchases; short credits; promptne.ss, truthfulness, fidelity — all these are strictly enforced and adhered to. Faithfulness on the part of employes is promoted by the knowledge that good service means advancement as opportunity opens and that neglect of duty will not be tolerated, and is further enhanced by the interest taken by the employer in the personal welfare of the deserving. While estimates of the size of great fortunes are oftentimes matters of guess work, it is grati- fying to know that his strict adherence to correct business principles has brought to Mr. Field a fortune that is placed by his close friends at about $35,000,000. A particularly noticeable trait of Mr. Field's character is modesty. He is of a retiring dispo- sition, and shrinks from newspaper notoriety. Anything like ostentation in charity he studiously a\oids. Though he contributes freely to worthy objects, he has pronounced views in the matter of giving, and is careful not to add to the indis- criminate benevolence that often does more harm than good. His desire is to avoid any responsi- bility for blunting endeavor or for encouraging idleness. He assists in practically all the com- mendable movements of a public character in his city requiring funds. As instances, he recently gave a plot of ground worth $100,000 for the building of the Baptist University about to be instituted in Chicago with the important aid of Mr. Rockefeller. To the Manual Training School of the same city he gave $20,000. His list of personal beneficiaries is very large, and no one who has any kind of real claim upon him is disregarded. The extent of what he does in this respect the world, doubtless, will never know. It is not his practice to figure conspicuously at the head of sub.scription papers, or to be personally conspicuous anywhere, but his gifts of all kinds in the course of a year amount to a large aggre- gate. He is a member of most of the principal clubs, but cannot be called a club man. Thought- I04 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. fill and perhaps somewhat reserved in manner, he is kindly, genial, and entirely approachable, and there is nothing about him to indicate that his personality is at all affected by his extraordinary wealth — a wealth albeit coming mainly from systematic, long-continued, legitimate business methods, and not through the exercise of the art of making something out of nothing by the wat- ering of stocks and the juggling with securities. Mr. Field is a man of prepossessing appearance. His hair and moustache are white, his counten- ance refined, thoughtful and intelligent, and his figure somewhat spare and slightly above the medium height. He was married in 1863 to Miss Nannie Scott, daughter of Mr. Robert Scott, a prominent iron-master of Ironton, Ohio. They have one son and one daughter, both of whom are married. HENRY W. KING. CHICAGO. ILL. THE subject of this sketch ranks among the foremost business men of Chicago. A na- tive of Martinsburg, Lewis county, New York, he was born December 18, 1828. He received his early education in the public schools, and, later, graduated from the State Academy at Lowville, New York, preparatory to entering Hamilton College. After leaving the Academy, however, he changed his purpose, and instead of entering college, accepted a position in his father's store at Martinsburg, where he remained until 1854. Dur- ing that year, being then twenty-six years of age, he removed to Chicago and began that business career in which he has achieved a most enviable success and made for himself a reputation of which any man might justly be proud. Mr. King was first associated with Mr. S. L. Barrett and P. V. Kellogg, under the firm name of Barrett, King & Co., and opened a wholesale clothing house at No. 189 South Water street, Chicago. In 1857 the business was removed to Nos. 205, 207 South Water street, and three years later to Nos. 25, 27 Lake street. In 1863 the firm name changed to King, Kellogg and Co., by the withdrawal of Mr. Barrett. This firm continued till in 1868, when it was dissolved by mutual consent, and Mr. King associated himself with Messrs. W. C. Browning and Edward W. Dewey, of New York, under the style of Henry W. King and Co., and opening a store at the corner of Lake street and Michigan avenue. From 1868 to the pres- ent time (1892), the name and personnel of the firm have remained unchanged. During the great fire of October 9, 1871, the house sustained a loss of 8550,000; but, through the courtesy of the late Vlx. Wirt Dexter, then solicitor for the Michigan Central Railroad Company, who placed at their disposal a train of freight cars, they were enabled to save one hundred thou- sand dollars' worth of stock, which they shipped to Michigan City and stored. With characteristic enterprise, while the ruins of the burned city were still smoking; the firm secured temporary quarters at the corner of Canal and Washington streets, and, reshipping the goods from Michigan City and bringing others from their large manufacturing establishment in New York City, they were enabled at the end of two weeks after the fire to reopen their business. The business was removed in the following year, 1872, to the Farwell block on Market street, and was continued there until 1875, when it was changed to the southeast corner of Madison and Franklin streets. They are now (1892) at the cor- ner of Adams and Market. From the beginning, the volume of the business has steadily grown, and during the ten years last past, the firm have established flourishing retail houses in New York City, Philadelphia, Cincinnati, Milwaukee, Minne- apolis, St. Paul, Omaha, Kansas City, St. Louis and Chicago. These branch houses are conduct- ed under the firm name of Browning, King & Co., and their annual business, with that of the whole- sale house, aggregates about $5. 000,000. Mr. King's original firm in 1854 did an annual busi- ness not to exceed $150,000. Mr. King has been called to many positions of trust. For twenty- five years he has been one of the directors of the Commercial National Bank, of Chicago, and has been called to act as executor in many large i BIOGRAl'lllCAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. 105 estates. Aside from his business, Mr. King has taken an active interest in all public matters re- lating to the welfare of his city, and been closely identified with many public enterprises. From 1 87 1 to 1873 he was president of the Chicago Re- lief and Aid Society, which disbursed during that time the enormous sum of $5,000,000, mostly con- tributed for the relief of those who suffered in the great fire. The ability and fidelity displayed in the distribution of this magnificent and timely bounty attracted attention far and wide, and the Chicago society became the model for societies of a similar character in many parts of the world. Since 1873, Mr. King has served as treasurer of this society. He is also vice-president of the Chicago Nursery and Half-Orphan Asylum, and one of the directors of the Old People's Home. In his religious faith, Mr. King is a Presbyter- ian, and is a leading member of the Fourth Pres- byterian church, of Chicago, and chairman of the Board of Trustees of the McCormick Theological Seminary. He takes an active part in all the affairs of his church, and in charitable, benevo- lent and philanthropic enterprises generally, stands ever ready to contribute generously of his time, energy- and money. In political sentiment he is a Republican. Though in no sense a politician, and invariably declining the honors of official positions, he takes an earnest and active part in the proper conduct of public affairs, and in casting his ballot often votes for a candidate who differs from himself in political faith, if he believes him better qualified for the office sought than the candidate of his own party, his belief being that men and principle are higher and should carry more weight in de- ciding one's course in such matters than loyalty to party. Mr. King was married, in 1858, to Miss Aurelia Case, a daughter of Mr. jolm R. Case, one of Chicago's early citizens, now deceased. They have one son and two daughters, viz.: Francis, now associated with his father in business: Eliza- beth, the wife of Mr. Cyrus Bentley, an attorney- atlaw, of Chicago, and Christine, the wife of Mr. S. H. Pomeroy, of Pittsfield, Mass. In closing this sketch it is but just and fitting to say that Mr. King has achieved his remarkable success by patiently and persistently following a fi.xed purpose in the line of his business, never entering on the alluring field of speculation. Conservative in his ideas, he has j-et kept pace with the progress of events, and, wherever known, has been recognized as a man of unusual energ}', clear foresight and unwavering business fidelity. He is a man of fine personal qualities, kind- hearted, genial and companionable, and enjoys the high regard and esteem of many warm personal friends, and the confidence of all who know him. WASHINGTON HESING. CHICACO, ILL. WASHINGTON HESING. managing edi- tor of the Illinois Staats Zcitnng, may be ranked among the younger class of Chicago's successful business men. He is a son of Anthony C. and Louisa (Lamping) Hesing, and was born at Cincinnati, Ohio, on May 14, 1849. louring his youth he was constantly' at school until 1861, when he visited Europe. Upon his return in the following winter, he entered University St. Mary's of the Lake, where he continued until July, 1863. He then studied at the University of Chicago one year, after which he was prepared by Dr. Ouackenboss for admission to Yale College, which institution he entered in 1866, and from which he was graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1870. Immediately upon leaving college he went to Europe and attended lectures in Berlin and Heidelberg universities, devoting him- self to the study of political economy, inter- national law, the science of government, history and German literature. Summoned by the great fire of October 8 and 9, 1871, he returned home, and on November 21 following entered upon his active journalistic career in connection with the Illinois Staats Zcituii!;. In April, 1880, his father and himself securing a controlling interest in that journal, he at that time became manatrincf editor. From io6 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. his adv^ent into journalism, Mr. Hesing lias taken an active interest in political matters, and, when but twenty-three years old, distinguished himself by a series of eloquent speeches, in both the English and German languages, in which he strongly advocated the election of General Ulysses S. Grant to the presidency. Mr. Hesing's unusual ability was early recog- nized, and at the age of twenty-two he was appointed a member of the Board of Education. At the expiration of his term of office, Mayor Joseph Medill tendered him a re -appointment, but he declined the honor. While a member of the Board of Education, Mr. Hesing, as a member of the Committee on German, made a report in which he advocated the system of grading the German studies as the English were graded. This report was adopted by the Board, and the proposed system has since that time been in practice. In August, 1880, Mr. Hesing was elected a member of the County Board of Education. He is a member of the Roman Catholic Church, and in 1873 was elected president of the Union Catholic Library Association of Chicago, an organization whose membership comprises all the leading Catholics of the city. Mr. Hesing is a married man, his wife being formerly Miss Henrietta C. Weir, of Boston, Massachusetts. FERDINAND W. PFXK, CHICAGO, ILL. THE life and work of him whose name heads this biography is inseparably associated with many of the public enterprises that have made his native city a metropolis, known alike for her unparalleled business activity and as the home of higher education and art. He was born in Chicago in 1848, the son of Philip F. W. Peck and IVIary Kent (\\'ythe) Peck, and is the youngest of a family of seven sons, three of whom are living and rank among Chicago's enterprising and public- spirited citizens. The father died in 1871. The mother is still living and resides in Chicago. Av the time of our subject's birth, his father's resi- dence and garden covered the present site of the Grand Pacific Hotel. Growing up with the growth of the city, his life reaching back nearly to her beginning, he early imbibed her spirit, and, loyal to her welfare and interests, has devoted himself with commendable zeal to the development of her highest and best resources. He was educated in Chicago, graduating first from the High School. He afterwards graduated from the literary depart- ment of the Old University of Chicago, and later pursued a course of study in the Union College of Law, being then still in his minority, when he re- ceived his diploma and was admitted to the bar W'hen just twenty-one years of age. Athough he has never entered actively into the practice of law as a profession, Mr. Peck has found in the con- trol of vast business interests practical applica- tion for his legal learning that has been in\-al- uable to him. Besides his private affairs, he with his brothers has managed the Peck estate, one of the largest and best controlled estates in Chicago. Mr. Peck has always been a man of intense activity, known for his unusual executive ability, and has taken a just pride in using his talents and influence to further public and private enterprises which would reflect honor upon his native citj-. At the present time (1891), he is president of the Chicago Athen- Eeum, president of the Chicago Auditorium Asso- ciation, president of the Chicago Opera Festival Association, president of the Chicago High School Alumni Association. He served four years as a member and was vice-president of the Board of Education, having been twice appointed b\- the mayor of Chicago. He is also chairman of the Finance Committee of the World's Columbian Exposition ; vice-president of the Union League Club; fir.st vice-president of the Illinois Humane Society, and one of the trustees of the new Chicago University. While taking a just pride in all of these and other organizations, the Auditorium may rightly be called his crowning work. This vast enterprise had its inception at the time of the celebrated Opera Festival in April, 1885, in which Mr. Peck i £e/K t: BIOuRAPWCAL DICTIOXARY A.\D PORTRAIT uALLERV. 109 was a prime mover, and the success of which not only strengthened pubhc sentiment and developed public taste for popular entertainments of that character, but also revealed the necessity of a great music hall, where great musical productions could be properly presented. The idea originating in the fertile brain of Mr. Peck gave him no rest until the grandly magnificent structure known as the Auditorium was wrought to completion and dedicated to its noble purpose, the building alone costing $3,500,000. While it is true that in the carrying out of his purpose he had the financial and moral co-operation of many other of Chicago's public-spirited men. yet to him must be attributed the chief honor. The idea of the pro- moter of this great undertaking was to popularize music, of which he is an ardent lover, and give to the people the benefit of its elevating and refining influence. He thoroughly belie\es in music as a refiner of the masses and an educator of public taste. He finds his highest enjoyment in devot- ing his abilities, money and influence to those objects and causes intended to better his fellows. His taste is simple and unpretentious, and he has done much to encourage a severe and stable type of architecture. In personal appearance, Mr. I'eck is tall, with clean, clear-cut features, a dark complexion, black- hair and a black moustache, and ordinarily bears himself with an air of studious thoughtfulness. He is a man of pleasing address, courteous and kind, and withal has an abundance of genial good nature. He was married in 1870 to Miss Tilla Spalding, a daughter of W. A. Spalding, of Chicago, and a woman esteemed and loved for her many womanly virtues. They have an interesting family of four sons and two dauijhters. FERXAXD HENROTIN, M.D. CHICAGO. ILL. THE subject of this biography, a native of Rrussells, Belgium, was born in 1848, and is one of a family of nine children. He is the son of Joseph F". and Adele Henrotin, ne'e Kinson, both of whom were Belgians. The father was a prominent and successful physician. He immi- grated to the United States with his family in 1848, and settled in Chicago, where he was known as a " French doctor." He was a familiar figure and rendered most valuable service during the cholera epidemic, and continued in practice until his death in 1875. The paternal grandfather of our subject lived to the advanced age of ninety-si.x years, and for seventy-five years was a practicing physician. Henry Henrotin, the eldest brother of our sub- ject, belonged to Taylor's Batterj-, and was killed at the siege of V'icksburg during the War of the Rebellion. Charles Henrotin, another brother, is one of the leading and successful men of Chicago. He is Belgian consul, also Turkish consul, and is one of three men in Chicago who have been hon- ored with decorations from foreign sovereigns in recognition of valuable reports. He was the founder and first president of the Chicago Stock E.xchange, and is its president at the present time (1890). A third brother, Victor Henrotin, is a coffee merchant at Havre, France. Adolph Hen- rotin, the fourth brother, resides in Chicago, as do also the four sisters, three of whom are married. His father having settled in Chicago the same year our subject was born, Fernand has grown up with the city and is, in every sense, a Chicago man. He was educated in the common and high schools of Chicago, and having decided to enter the medical profession, pursued a thorough course of study in Rush Medical College, graduating in February, 1869, being then twentj--one years of age. He at once established himself in his pro- fession, and for twenty-one years has been con- tinuously in practice, without a vacation. From the commencement of his practice, Dr. Henrotin has been known as a man of clear-cut ideas touch- ing all matters pertaining to his profession, skill- ful, energetic and conscientious. He soon came into prominence, and in 1872 and '"/I held the ofTice of County Physician, which was but the be- ginning of a series of public professional positions he has held and filled with eminent success in con- nection with his constantly growing practice. He BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. was for some eight years on the staff of attending physicians at the Cook County Hospital, for five years surgeon of the Alexian Brothers' Hospital, surgeon of the Chicago Police Department for fourteen years, and at the present time is surgeon of the Chicago Fire Department. Dr. Henrotin is professor of diseases of women in the Chicago Polyclinic, and has been for three or four years, and is a member of the Chicago Medical Society. He is a member of the Union Club, but owing to the urgent demands of his extensive practice, which ranks among the largest as well as the most lucrative of any physician in Chicago, he finds little time for club life or social enjoyment outside of his own familj-. In political sentiment, Dr. Henrotin, though Democratic, is non-partisan and, in casting his ballot, votes in favor of what he believes to be right principles, and the men whom he believes will support them, regardless of party affiliations. Dr. Henrotin was married in the spring of 1873 to Miss Emily B. Prussing, a daughter of Mr. Charles G. Prussing, one of the early settlers of Chicago. Mrs. Henrotin is a woman of artistic tastes, and is known among her acquaintances as an amateur painter of extraordinarj' ability. She is a woman of many personal charms, hospi- table to her friends, and devoted to her hus- band and home, and in nothing takes greater delight than in making it beautiful and full of good cheer. Personally, Dr. Henrotin is a man of most estimable qualities. Added to his fine physical proportions and rugged constitution, are quali- ties of heart and mintl of a high order. Warm- hearted, generous to a fault, high-minded, con- scientious and genial, he is the center of a large circle of close friends and acquaintances who honor and esteem him for his man>- manly virtues and genuine worth. JOHN B. SHERMAN, CHIC.-^GO, ILL. JOHN B. SHERMAN was born in January, 1825, in the town of Beekman, Dutchess county, New York ; was brought up on a farm, and received a common-school education. He left the farm and commenced clerking in a coun- try store at the age of nineteen, for fifty dollars per year, and continued clerking some two or three years. He was married at the age of twen- ty-three. In 1849, he started for California, pas- sing through Old Mexico, and at Vera Cruz boarded a sailing vessel and arrived at San Fran- cisco in May of that year. He engaged in min- ing near Georgetown, not far from what was called Sutter's Mills. He succeeded in saving a few thousand dollars from mining operations and returned to Dutchess county, New York, in 1850. In the fall of 1850, he removed to Illinois, locating on Fox river, Kendall county, where he purchased a farm. Later he removed to Chicago, and with a Mr. Black, under the firm name of Black & Sherman, engaged in the com- mission business and was located on Kinzie street. In December, of 1855, he succeeded in renting the old Bull's Head Stock Yards, then located on West Madison street, where the Wash- ingtonian Home now stands. In the spring of 1856, in company with Mr. D. K. Belding, he leased the Myrick Yards, located at Thirty-ninth street on Cottage Grove avenue, and after his lease expired at the Bull's Head Yards he re- moved thither, and soon after bought the interest of his partner and admitted his brother, I. N. W. Sherman, to the business, and so continued until the expiration of the lease in the fall of 1865. At that time there were four different stock yard markets in Chicago : The Lake Shore & Michigan Southern, located at Twenty-second street ; the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy yards, located on the west side of the city ; the Loomis Yards at Thirty-first street and Cottage Grove avenue, and the Myric Yards at Thirty-ninth street and Cottage Grove avenue. In the early part of 1865, Mr. Sherman, with others, with a view of improving the .stock market of Chicago, conceived the plan of concentrating all the live stock markets at one point, a movement which soon afterwards resulted in the organization of the sjreat Union Stock Yard and Transit Company, l^ . ^^ I li^'JKaTL no was fo physic years ;■ surgco fourtce of the ( profess^ Polyclii and is , He is a the iirg which r< lucrative little tini of his o\ In pol Dcmocra ballot, vc right prii..ii)ics, aiiJ will support them, r- > . .1 the spring of 1873 -MHg, a daughter of Mr. of the early settlers of II n is a woman of artistic nn'j h< •• 'cquaintances as • ti,. r ,v ability. She charms, hospi- I 1 ( to her h. ' s great ci 1 full of ,^ lu'- scieiUious .inil genial, ii , to be circle of close friends ;:e believes honor and esteem him I .iffili.itions. and genuine worth. JOHN B. SHERMAN, JOHN 1 1825, county, Nt and receiv left the fan try store at per year, a three years, ty-three. Ii sing throug boarded a sa cisco in Ma) ing near Gt called Suttei few thousan. and returned 1850. In tht locating on 1 he purchaset Chicago, and name of Blaci mission busin street. In Di renting the ol he to lilinoiri ,unt\'. when removed t< 11.1 .->1uthern, located at Twenty -second ..._ Chicago, Burlington & Quincy yards, on the west side of the city; the.Loomis , .it Thirty-first street and Cottage Grove avenue, and the Myric Yards at Thirty-ninth street and Cottage Grove avenue. In tl c early part of 1865, Mr. Sherman, with others, with a ! vv nf improving the stock market of Chicago. lu-eived the plan of concentrating all the live !: markets at one point, a movement which tterwards resulted in the organization of , ii.at Union Stock Yard ;ir' ■'" ■' ■ '^ ^cffuA ^- fc^>t<^-^^H^ BIOGRAPHICAL DICTION AKV AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. 113 of Chicago. Such was the origin of the great Chicago hve stock market of to-day. Such men as J. F. Joy, T. B. Blackstone, John L. Hancock, R. M. Hough. Sidney A. Kent, C. M. Culbertson, Lyman Blair. D. Kreigh, M. L. Sykes, G. W. Cass, J. F. Tracy, H. E. Sargent, John B. Drake, etc.. etc., were associated with Mr. Sherman in the enterprise, and took the stock of the new organi- zation. Before the completion of the yards, Mr. Sherman, intending to retire from business, had changed his place of residence, building a fine home at Poughkeepsie, New York. But one year later he changed his plans and returned to Chicago, and upon the death of Mr. F. E. Bry- ant, who was the first superintendent of the Union Stock Yards, Mr. Sherman was chosen general superintendent by the Stock Yards Company, and entered upon his duties June 1, 1867. For several years Mr. Sherman could be seen daily in the saddle, on his favorite black horse, riding through the different portions of the yards, in- specting the workings of the organization and giving particular attention to all such details as would insure the best accommodations to the pat- rons of the yards, and to the railroad companies, his aim being to make the Union Stock Yards the greatest live stock market in the world, an object and ambition which have been fully realized ; and it may in truth, be said that no man could have been selected who could have better met the requirements of the responsible position. Mr. Sherman was afterwards elected vice-president and general manager and a director of the com- pany, offices which he still holds (1892). His management, from the first, has been character- ized by a liberal spirit toward all parties con- cerned among the railroads and packers without any discrimination. Mr. Sherman has alwiiys been a public-spirited man, so far as concerned the public improvements of Chicago, and has taken a great interest in the improvement of the suburbs of the city, and especially the public parks and boulevards; and as a member of the Board of South Park Com- missioners has rendered valuable service in bring- ing Chicago's park system to its present state of perfection where it is an honor to the city and State. And in the accomplishment of this, Mr. Sherman has supreme delight, and with his asso- ciates on the board deserves all the commenda- tion that has been bestowed. Mr. Sherman's political views have, in the main, been with the Republican party, but he would never accept a political office. In local elections he always supports the man whom he considers best qualified for office, regardless of party. To the public charities of Chicago Mr. Sherman has been a liberal giver. Financially, Mr. Sherman may be counted a millionaire. He has a beautiful and luxurious home in the South division of Chicago, and a val- uable farm and other property at Washington Heights, and is largely interested in banking and various other monied enterprises. His success is well deserved, and is the result of patient, per- sistent effort. His habits of life are simple and to them he owes his good health. He has always been an early riser and retires for the night early in the evening. Mr. Sherman's family consists of his wife, one son and one daughter, the wife of Mr. D. H. Burnham, chief architect of the\Vorld's Columbian Exposition. JOHN V. FARWELL, CHICAGO. ILL. THE name Farwell has been identified with the material advancement of Chicago for the pa.st forty years, and during the last thirty years the influence of members of the family has been extended to more than local fame, and has become identified with affairs of the utmost im- portance toward the best interests of our coun- try and toward the advancement of Christianity. John Villars Farwell is a descendant, in the eighth generation, of Henry Farwell, one of the incorporators of the town of Concord, Massachu- setts. Henry Farwell traced his ancestr>' to the early English people ; old documents state that in the reign of Edward I (about 1280) Richard Far- well married the heiress of Elias de Rillestone an' enterprise tending to the material welfare of his adopted city, and he may justly feel that he has been no small factor in placing Chicago in her present proud position. As a factor in the finan- cial world, Mr. Schwab is regarded as a sound, able and conservative financier, whose wide expe- rience and large business interests eminently befit him as a director of the Corn Exchange Bank. In politics, he is a Democrat, but his integrity of principle and genial social qualities have brought him the respect of all parties. During a portion of the years i886 and 1887, he discharged wi-th general satisfaction the duties of comptroller of this city, and was nominated on the Demo- cratic ticket for State Elector at Large, but was denied the pleasure of casting his vote for Mr. Cleveland. Mr. Schwab is characterized by that same gen- erous liberality in religious opinions that has made him so popular in other walks of life. A prominent member of the Jewish Reformed Church, and president of the Jewish Training School, his benevolence and charity are not con- fined to nationality or sect. He has always taken a great interest in the public schools of Chicago, and for a number of years past has given three medals to the pupils of the Haven School, two being for scholarship and one for deportment. In 1862, Mr. Schwab married Rachel, daughter of Isaac Monheimer, a prominent merchant of Cincinnati. This union was sanctified by five children, three sons and two daughters. The elder daughter is the wife of Henry G. Foreman, the well-known banker. Mrs. Schwab is an ac- complished lady of fine mental attainments, and with her husband is held in high esteem by a wide circle of congenial friends. SIDNEY ALBERT KENT, CHICAGO, ILL. SIDNEY ALBERT KENT was born in Suf- field, Connecticut, in 1834. He is the son of Albert and Lucinda Kent, and is of English de- scent on his father's side, his ancestors having come to America during the seventeenth century. His early education was acquired in the Suffield common schools. Coming to Chicago in 1854, he obtained a situation as clerk in a dry goods store, where he remained two years. When twenty-two years of age, he entered the commission business, but in 1859 he established himself in a modest way in the packing business, in which he has continued to the present time. Mr. Kent has been vice-president and president c? the Corn Exchange Bank. He was also a director of the Board of Trade, but resigned that position. The Chicago Union League, Calumet and Washington Park Clubs claim him as a member. Mr. Kent's travels include three trips to Eu- rope, and he has traversed every State and Terri- tory in the Union, including Alaska. In 1865 he was married to Miss Stella A. Lin- coln, of Newark Valley, New York State. Two daughters have been born to them. Real estate has been the source of much of Mr. Kent's wealth, and he has large interests in the grain and packing business, in the Corn Exchange Bank, in gas and lumber companies, etc. The numerous charitable institutions in Chi- cago can testify to his generosity. There are few men in the West who have been more successful BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY A.\D PORTRAIT GALLERY. 129 than Mr. Kent. Beneath his reticent, quiet de- exception to the rule. It would indeed be diffi- meanor lies great persistency and indomitable cult to find a home more delightful than his, energy. Slow to make friends, he has never been which is rendered doubly attractive by the pres- heedless of the demands of friendship. The love ence of his accomplished daughters. In his home of home is one of the distinguishing characteris- life his love of quiet, retirement and domesticity tics of many eminent men, and Mr. Kent is no is fully gratified. RICHARD STANLEY TUTHILL, CHICAGO, ILL. JUDGE RICHARD S. TUTHILL, youngest son of Daniel B, Tuthill, a native of Ben- nington county, Vermont, and Sally (Strong) Tuthill. a native of Vergennes, Vermont, was born at Vergennes, in " Tuthill's Prairie," Jackson county, Illinois, November loth, 1841. His an- cestors, in both branches of his family, were among the earliest settlers in New England, hav- ing emigrated to the new world with the Puritans prior to the year 1640. Daniel B. Tuthill, his father, a classical scholar of high attainments, entered Middlebur>' (Vt.) College, but owing to ill health he reluctantly left college before gradu- ating. The Strongs — his mother's family — were from the first, and have ever been, warm friends and supporters of Middlebury College, an uncle of Mrs. Tuthill, Hon. Seth Storrs, having donated its beautiful site and spacious grounds nearly one hundred years ago. Richard S. began his preparatory collegiate studies at the St. Louis High School; continued them under a private tutor, and completed them at the Illinois College, at Jacksonville. He en- tered the freshman class of Middlebury College in September, 1859, and graduated with high honors in the class of 1863. Immediately after graduation he joined the army in the field at Vicksburg, and served for some months in a company of scouts attached to Gen. John A. Logan's command, when he was commissioned a lieutenant in the famous six-gun batter}' known in the Army of the West as " De Golyer's Black Horse Battery" (H of the First Michigan Light Artillery), with which he .served, being twice promoted, until the close of the war. He was with Gen. Sherman's army in the march to Meridian, through the entire campaign against Atlanta, and finally, in the campaign under Gen. George H. Thomas, back into Tennessee in pur- suit of Hood, taking an active part in the closing and decisive battle of Nashville. Army life, even in active service in the field, has many unoccupied hours, and having provided himself with a few books. Lieutenant Tuthill improved his time by reading law, and as soon as it became apparent that the war was over, resigned his commission. May, 1865, and continued his legal studies there- after uninterruptedly in the office of Hon. H. H. Harrison, United States District Attorney, at Nashville, Tennessee, until admitted to the bar at Nashville in the spring of 1866. In 1867 he was elected Attorney-General ( State's Attorney) of the Nash\ille circuit. In 1868, at Vergennes, Vt., he married Jennie F. Smith, of that city, who died at Nashville, December 22, 1872, leaving a daughter. Soon after this sad event he returned to his native State in 1873, and established himself at Chicago, where he soon became known as an able lawyer and a forcible and effective speaker. In 1875 he was elected City Attorney of Chi- cago, and re-elected in 1877. Judge Tuthill has always been an active Republican, and in every campaign since the war has rendered valuable services both as a speaker and in the councils of the party. He was a delegate in the memorable Republican National Convention held at Chicago in 1880, being one of the one hundred and ^i.K known as "The Old Guard," who voted continu- ously for the nomination of General Ulysses S. Grant, "of Appomattox." In recognition of his standing and success at the bar. President Ar- thur, early in February, 1884, appointed him United States District Attorney at Chicago, which position he filled with distinction, and resigned after the inauguration of President Cleveland, I30 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. though permitted to remain for nearly a year and a half in ofifice under his administration. In April, 1887, by the death of Hon. John G. Rogers, an eminent judge for many years of the Circuit Court, a vacancy occurred on the bench of this court. Judge Tuthill was selected, not only by his own party, but by the Democratic party as well, to succeed Judge Rogers, and was elected by nearly fifty thousand majority over his opponent, who was put forward by what was known as the "Socialist element." In June, 1891, he was re-elected for the full term of six years to succeed himself. Judge Tuthill was married a second time, Jan- uary 2, 1877, to Miss Harriet McKey, daughter of Edward McKey, a leading dry goods merchant of Janesville, Wis. Six children — five girls and a son, Richard S., Jr. — now comprise the family. Judge Tuthill, although hardly more than in the prime of life, is one of the most active citi- zens of Chicago in every movement which has for its object the promotion of the general welfare of the city or its citizens. He is actively identi- fied with several charitable organizations, among which are those seeking to assist and promote the moral and mental training of poor and destitute children. Judge Tuthill is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, the Military Order of the Loyal Legion, and of various Masonic bodies, as well as of the Union League, Illinois and other clubs. Amid all these activities Judge Tuthill has never forgotten the habits of the student which he acquired in his early life, and he has done much in public addresses and speeches to delight, enter- tain and instruct many cultivated audiences, which have made demands upon his time and talent. AZEL F. HATCH, CHICAGO, ILL. THERE are probably comparatively few people in the City of Chicago to-day, who are fully aware of the immense amount of labor performed by Azel F. Hatch, during the early stages of the incorporation of the World's Columbian Exposition, as attorney for the Commissioners. He was born September 6th, 1848, in Lisle, Du Page county, Illinois, the son of James C. and Charlotte D. (Kidder) Hatch. He received his early education in the public schools of Lisle, and in 1867 entered Obcrlin College, Ohio, where he remained for three years. In 1870, he entered the senior class of Yale College, and was grad- uated with the cla.ss of 187 1. His first position after leaving college was as principal of the High School at Sheboygan, Wisconsin, which he occupied for twelve months. He located in Chicago in 1872, and having decided to fit him- self for the legal profession, entered the law office of Messrs. Shorey and Norton as a law student. Two years later (September, i874\ he passed a highly creditable examination, and was admitted to the bar, and two months later commenced the active duties of his profession. During the first year of his practice, he was associated with Messrs. Norton and Hulburd, under the firm name of Norton, Hulburd and Hatch. This connection continued until 1880, when he formed a partnership with Mr. O. F. Aldis, under the firm name of Hatch and Aldis, which continued some three years. In November, 1883, he joined a co-partnership with Thomas B. Bryan, Esq., which continued up to May ist, 1890, when Mr. Bryan withdrew on account of his duties in connection with the World's Columbian Exposition, and his accept- ance of the office of vice-president of same. In mentioning the subject of the Exposition, it will not be out of place to detail more particularly Mr. Hatch's personal connection with it. Ap- pointed attorney for the Commissioners before its incorporation, he was called upon to decide all legal questions arising in connection there- with. He arranged its statutory declarations, and managed its legal organization, and arranged for and supervised the balloting connected with the selection of directors of a corporation so vast that it has no parallel — a corporation which has 4 ->^'^ g»-' of sixteen dollars per month. Having heard of Chicago, whither his uncle had gone some years before, he, in 1853, being then nearly nineteen years old, went thither and ob- tained employment in the then well-known boot and shoe house of C. N. Henderson and Co. Serving through all departments — as salesman, buyer, clerk, etc. — he gained a thoroughly practi- cal knowledge of the business, and on the death of his uncle six years later (1859) he succeeded to his business, and organized the firm of C. M. Henderson and Co., into which Mr. Wilbur S. Henderson was admitted as a partner in 1863, the house being then located at No. 32 Lake street, Chicago. Five years later the business was interrupted by a disastrous fire, but the firm at once sought a new location at Nos. 58 and 60 Wabash avenue, and the house was doing a prosperous business when overtaken by a second calamity, this time being the great fire of October 8th and 9th, 1S71, by which the city was laid waste. This time they were but one amongst the many who were not only entirely burnt out, but, in many cases, completely ruined. But Chi- cago's business men and citizens of those days, like those of to-day, were men of enterprise, of sterling worth, and true grit. They did not sit repining, they had strong faith in Chicago's future, and they went to work clearing away the ruins, and replacing their ruined structures with handsome, commodious and, in some cases, fire- proof buildings. The firm of C. M. Henderson and Co. were among the first to re-establish themselves after the fire, and since that time their business has in- creased and their reputation extended until they are by far the best known house in the trade throughout the West. From a small trade the business has developed under the skillful and careful guidance of its head, Charles M. Hender- son, until it has become the largest combined manufacturing and jobbing boot and shoe house in the United States of America, and it is still growing. This house of C. M. Henderson and Co., being an incorporated body, has three ex- tensive factories in active operation and employs from eight to nine hundred people. Their sales- rooms and offices are in the handsome six story building at the corner of Adams and Market streets, Chicago. The adoption of the trade- mark of the wonderful "Red School House" shoes was based on the old New England " Red School House," in one of which Mr. Henderson received his earlv education. SiOORAPHICAL DICTIOXARV AXD I'ORTRAIT OALLERY. 137 In 1874, Mr. Henderson was one of the found- ers and organizers of the Citizen's Association, an association formed by several of our most prominent citizens for the purpose of purifying municipal government and lessening jobbery and crime. To this cause Mr. Henderson contributed large sums of money, as he was then, as he is now, an earnest believer in a firm, well directed and judiciously administered city government, and an avowed enemy of corruption, jobbery, and la.x discipline. He was repeatedly urged to become the president of this association, but declined, aiding, however, in the adoption of the present city charter. He was also instrumental in the re- organization and improvement of the Chicago Fire Department, which to-day is one of the most thoroughly practical, best disciplined and best equipped fire departments in the world. The cause of suffering humanity has always found in Mr. Henderson a practical sympathizer and one who is ever ready to aid. He was mar- ried in 1838 to Miss Emily Hollingsworth, a daughter of James Hollingsworth, a well-known and successful business man of Chicago. Of this marriage there are three children. Mr. Henderson is a member of the Union League, the Commercial, the Chicago and Calu- met Clubs, and has a wide social acquaintance. He has been for twenty years a member of the Presbyterian Church, and has been president of the Young People's Mission Association for fif- teen years, and for ten years was superintendent of the Railroad Chapel, and two years president of the Young Men's Christian Association. Numerous other positions of honor and trust have from time to time been tendered him, but his business and other engagements have been such that he has been compelled to decline them. He is one of the trustees of Lake Forest University, and a member of the Board of Trustees of the Chicago Home for Incurables. In politics he is a Republican, though ill-health has prevented his taking such an interest in his party as he might otherwise have done. But the local party has always found in him a true friend, whose practical sympathy and help have been cheerfully given when needed. Mr. Henderson is a thorough business man, enterprising, straight- forward, clear-headed and upright, and in his long career in Chicago has made a record of which he may justly be proud. He is a liberal supporter of worthy charitable, benevolent and educa- tional institutions, generous to a fault, whole- souled and a thorough gentleman. A man of great detail, accurate and prompt, of much deter- ination in public affairs, Charles Mather Hender- son is a fair representative of the men who have made Chicago what she is to-day. REV. JOHN HEXRY BARROWS, CHICAGO, ILL. REV. JOHN HENRY BARROWS, D. D., pastor of the First Presbyterian Church of Chicago, is called by the Golden Rule, of Boston, •' one of the foremost pulpit orators of America." The church, of which he has been the pastor since 1 88 1, is the historic and mother church of the city. It was organized on June 26, 1833, by Rev. Jeremiah Porter. Its first meetings were held in the carpenter's shop, in F"ort Dearborn. Its pastors have been. Rev. Jeremiah Porter, Rev. John Blatchford, Rev. Dr. Flavel Bascom, Rev. Dr. Harvey Curtis. Rev. Dr. Z. M. Hum- phrey, Rev. Dr. Arthur Mitchell, and the subject of this sketch. John H. Barrows was born July 11, 1S47. in Medina, Michigan. His father, the late Profes- sor John M. Barrows, came of New England stock, a race of teachers, and was educated in the Troy Polytechnic Institute, and in Oberlin College. His mother, Catharine Payndre .Moore, was also an early graduate of Oberlin. Both his parents were persons of marked and noble character. In his college life at Olivet, Michigan, Dr. Barrows was noted for his enthusiasm in the study of lit- erature, history and the classics, and for his eager interest in public and national questions. He was graduated from Olivet in June, 1867. in the same class with his brother. Rev. Walter M. Bar- rows, D. D., afterward an eminent Secretary of the American Home Missionary Society. He ^ 138 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARV AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. studied theology at Yale, Union and Andover seminaries. While at Union he became a mem- ber of the Plymouth Church, Brooklyn, and was a rapt student of the marvellous pulpit oratory of Henry Ward Beecher. After two years and a half of home missionary and educational work in Kansas, he preached for a year in the First Congregational Church in Springfield, Illinois. This experience was fol- lowed by twelve months of travel in Great Britain, Germany, France, Italy, Greece, Egypt, and the Holy Land. He supplied for a time the American Chapel in Paris, where he made hosts of refined and serviceable friends, and enriched his intellectual and other resources. Returning to America, after studies at Andover, he became the pastor of the Eliot Congregational Church in Lawrence, Massachusetts. When temporarily driven out of the church edifice. Dr. Barrows dis- closed ability to hold and sway the popular mul- titude with a strictly Gospel theme, while preach- ing to great audiences in the City Hall in that large manufacturing city. There he learned the joy of utterance in an eager, expectant, popular assembly. As if to be tested at every point before entering upon his Chicago field, his tact in church administration was tried in the Hercu- lean task of casting off what seemed an over- whelming debt from the Maverick Church in East Boston, of which he was the pastor before coming to his great work in the West. The First Presbyterian Church of Chicago showed their great eagerness to secure Dr. Barrows by contributing $5,000 toward the liquidation of the debt on the East Boston church. Since his coming to Chicago, in October, 1881, twelve hundred members have been received into the church, and the chapel connected with it, of which Rev. Charles M. Morton is the faithful pastor. In 1883 occurred the semi-centennial celebration of the founding of the First Church, which led to the preparation by Dr. Barrows of an elaborate historical volume, giving the " Ec- clesiastical Antiquities'' of the city, a book highly praised by such experts as Dr. Shedd, of New York, and the late Dr. Dexter, of Boston. Dr. Barrows has taken a prominent part in all mis- sionary and reformatory enterprises in the city ; he has become a favorite speaker at college commencements, on the lecture platform, at temperance, missionary and Christian Endeavor conventions and before the great gatherings at Chautauqua, New York. He has also become noted as a speaker at soldiers' meetings. Of the Grand Army Memorial service in 1883, the Chicago Daily Nezvs says : " Thousands of peo- ple thrilled to the very heart were loath to leave the precincts wherein dwelt the wondrous ora- tory of the great preacher." Among Dr. Barrows's famous lectures are those on "Samuel Adams," "James Russell Lowell," "Hugh Miller," "Rembrandt," "Shakespeare," " John Stuart Mill," " Jerusalem " and " Wendell Phillips." His address on "America," given at the opening of the Spring Palace, Fort Worth. Texas, before the Presbyterian Social Union of St. Louis, and before the Synod of Indiana, is among the most notable home-missionary and patriotic discourses. Dr. Barrows has published many sermons, which have had a wide circulation. Among the more noteworthy of these have been discourses on " The Perfection of the Bible," " The Nation, and the Soldier," " The Nation's Hope," " Re- ligion the Motive Power in Human Progress," " Christian Manhood,"' " Reason in Temperance," " Christ and the Poor," " Martin Luther," "Christian Hospitals," "The World of Books" and " Municipal Patriotism." His address in 1885, at the Sixty-first Anniversary of the Ameri- can Sunday-School Union, was distributed in many thousand copies all over the country. In this year, also, he spoke in Music Hall, Boston, at the Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the American Board. His address called forth from Dr. Wm. M. Taylor, of New York, the saying : " Dr. Barrows keeps eloquence on tap." Dr. Barrows is the pastor of a very strong and benevolent church, whose gifts to various good causes average more than one hundred thousand dollars a year. In 1886 his people kindly sent him to Europe, where he enjoyed four months of physical and mental recuperation. While in London he preached before the great Mildmay Conference. For four years Dr. Barrows, sup- ported by his generous people, carried on a Sun- day evening preaching service in Central Music Hall, Chicago. In 1890 he published a volume entitled "The Gospels are True Histories," which has received warm commendations for its literarj- BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY A\D PORTRAIT GALLERY. 139 qualities and its power and effectiveness, from men like Prof. Geo. P. Fisher, Dr. Richard S. Storrs, Dr. Francis E. Clark, Dr. Theodore L. Cuyler, and many others. During the last two years he has preached in the evening at an elaborate praise service held in the First Presby- terian Church. This service, conducted by the eminent organist, Mr. Clarence Eddy, has been a delight, inspiration and education to great num- bers. Dr. Barrows takes an enthusiastic interest in whatever concerns the intellectual and moral progress of the Queen City of the West. He is a favorite and frequent speaker on social occa- sions, and is now ser\ing as chairman of the Com- mittee on Religious Congresses, to be held dur- ing the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893. He is the originator of the great plan of holding a Parliament of Religions, to which representa- tives of all the great historic faiths have been invited. In this effort to bring together, in friendly conference, Brahmans, Buddhists, Mos- lems, Parsees, Confucians, Jews, and representa- tives of the great churches of Christendom, Dr. Barrows has secured the co-operation of religious leaders of all lands. The importance of this movement can hardly be overestimated. Its ob- jects are to bring into conference leading repre- sentatives of the great historic religions of the world : to show what and how many important truths they hold and teach in common : to pro- mote the spirit of true brotherhood among the religions of the world : to secure from leading scholars, representing all faiths, accurate state- ments of the effects of their respective religions upon the literature, art, commerce, government and domestic and social life of the peoples among whom these faiths have prevailed : to show what light each religion has afforded or may afford to the other religions of the world ; to furnish a per- manent record of the condition and outlook of religion among the leading nations; to discover what light religion has thrown on such great questions as temperance, labor, education, etc. From an elaborate article in the Pulpit Treas- ury, of New York, of June, 1884, we make the fol- lowing extracts: "Dr. Barrows' peculiar function is to preach. It is at the altar that his lips are touched. His extraordinary gifts are all arranged along the line of power in spoken speech. After his homiletic matter, which is always choice, is well in hand, his mental movement is toward powerful expression. His sentences are polished shafts. His multifarious contributions to the public prints force themselves out into attention by way of the platform and the pulpit, where all his work takes on its peculiar animation. Some passages, for example, in his famous sermon on ' Eternity,' after being once felt by an audience, can never be forgotten. Even his voice, which is of a rich and peculiarly resonant quality, con- tributes toward a magical effect. There is some- thing magnetic about his personal presence. He is noticeably tall and lithe in form. His phys- ique, at first sight, does not indicate such enormous endurance as he seems to possess. Perhaps no preacher in America carries to-day a heavier ministerial responsibility. His pulpit work has all the elaboration and finish of the most closely written sermon, and yet has the power and magnetism of extemporaneous utter- ance, for it is usually given without a scrap of a note. The pulpit is sometimes pushed aside and he stands out like the lamented Phillips, whom in style and bearing he resembles. In the lecture field he has few equals. His prose-poem on ' Samuel Adams, the Hero of the Revolution ' is well-nigh unrivalled as a model in classic English. When a man develops such eloquence and power in the pulpit, a great door and effectual is soon opened unto him. To Dr. Barrows it is at the Central Music Hall, Chicago. Here flock together on Sabbath evenings the great unchurched to hear him. Very often it has been necessar)' to turn people away, so overflow- ing is the spacious hou.se. The service exactl>- fits the niche in the popular need. The fact that a thousand young men are frequently present, to say nothing of twice as many others besides, is an inspiration to any orator; and yet this mar- vellous ministry is as far from being sensational as the zenith from the nadir. Dr. Barrows de- termined at the start that his Music Hall min- istry should be, first of all, evangelical. It is not orthodoxy that the people object to, but dullness. The music is both choral and congre- gational, and hence is superlatively attractive. The people crowd in. The last ser\ice always seems the best. The poor have the Gospel preached unto them. Dr. Barrows has come to the first place among the young preachers of the I40 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. day by dint of vitalized, consecrated personal mental and spiritual energy, power. He seems to have felt from his youth right a prince of the pulpit, the presence of destiny. It is the stirring of come to reign in his kingdom.' Being by divine he has at length JOSEPH RUSSELL JONES, CHICAGO, ILL. JOSEPH RUSSELL JONES was born at Conneaut, Ashtabula county, Ohio, on the 17th of February, 1823. His father, Joel Jones, was born at Hebron, Connecticut, May 14th, 1792. and after marrying Miss Maria Dart, the daughter of Joseph Dart, of Middle Haddem, Connecticut, removed with his young family to Conneaut, Ohio, in 1819. Joel Jones was the sixth son of Captain Samuel Jones, of Hebron, Connecticut, who was an officer in the French and Indian war. The latter held two commissions under George II of England. He returned from the wars and settled in Hebron, where he married Miss Lydia Tarbox, by whom he had six sons and four daughters. Nine of the ten lived to reach maturity. Samuel, the eldest son, was a lawyer, and practiced his profession for many years at Stockbridge, Mass. He was a man of fine cultivation. In 1842 he published a treatise on the "Right of Suffrage," which is probably the only work of the kind ever pub- lished by an American author. From another brother descended the late Hon. Joel Jones, the first president of Girard College, the late Samuel Jones, M. D., of Philadelphia, and Matthew Hale Jones, of Easton, Pennsylvania. From a third brother descended Hon. Anson Jones, second President of the Republic of Texas. The family are now in posse.ssion of a letter written by Cap- tain Samuel Jones to his wife at Fort Edward, dated August i8th, 1758. One hundred and ten years prior to the date of this letter, his ancestor. Captain John Jones, sat at Westminster as one of the judges of King Charles I. Colonel John Jones married Henrietta (Catherine), the second sister of Oliver Cromwell, in 1623, and was put to death October 17th, 1660, on the restoration of Charles II. His son, Hon. William Jones, sur- vived him, and one year before his father's death married Miss Hannah Eaton, then of the Parish of St. Andrews, H olden, Epenton. He subse- quently came to America with his father-in-law, the Hon. Theophilus Eaton, first governor of the colony of New Haven, Connecticut, where he held the ofifice of deputy governor for some years, and died October 17th, 1706. Both him- self and wife are buried in New Haven, under the same stone with Governor Eaton. From the foregoing it will be seen that the subject of this sketch is connected by direct descent with the best blood of the Puritan fathers, and came honestly by the virtues which have characterized and adorned his private and official life. His father died when he was but an infant, leaving his mother with a large family and but slender means for their maintenance. At the age of thirteen, young Jones was placed in a store at Conneaut, his mother and other mem- bers of the family at the same time removing to Rockton, Winnebago county, Illinois. This, his first clerkship, gave to his employers great satis- faction. He remained with them for two years, when he decided to follow his family and seek his fortune in the West. When the leading mem- bers of the Presbyterian church were apprised of his determination to depart from them, they endeavored to prevail upon him to remain, offer- ing to provide for his education for the ministry. He, however, declined their generous offer, but not without sincere and grateful acknowledge- ments of their great kindness, and, taking passage on board the schooner "J. G. King," he made his first landing at Chicago, on the 19th of August, 1838. Thence he proceeded to Rockton, where he remained with his family for the next two years, rendering such .service to his mother as his tender years and slight frame would permit. In 1840, he went to Galena, then the largest and most flourishing city in the Northwest, determined to better his condition, but as his entire available capital amounted to only one dollar, his first appearance upon the scene of his future successes BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. 143 was not encouraging. He was glad to accept at a very small salary a clerkship, which he filled for about six months, after which he entered the employ of one of the leading merchants at Galena. Young Jones found in this association appreciative friendship, agreeable surroundings, hearty encouragement, and ample scope for his business talents and ambition. Contact with the enterprising spirits of that region soon developed in him those qualities which have since so highK- distinguished him as a man of sterling worth and remarkable ability. His employer, percei\ing his superior qualifications, his ready adaptabilit\- to the requirements of his position, his impertur- bable good nature, self-possession, foresight and sagacity, advanced him rapidly, and finally to a partnership in the business, which was continued successfully and profitably until 1856, when the co-partnership was dissolved. In 1846, while still engaged in the mercantile business, he was ap- pointed secretary and treasurer of the Galena and Minnesota Packet Company. This highly im- portant position he held for fifteen years, giving entire satisfaction to the company. In i860, he was nominated by the Republican party and elected member of the twenty-second General Assembly from the Galena District, composed of the counties of Jo Daviess and Carroll. He soon became one of the most active and influential members of the legislature, and was prominently identified with many measures of great public interest so that his conduct as a Representative received the high approval, not only of his own district, but of the whole State. In 1 861, Mr. Jones was appointed by President Lincoln to the office of United States Marshal for the northern district of Illinois. This ap- pointment required him to change his residence to Chicago, and brought him in contact with other and larger interests than those which had previously claimed his attention. In 1863 he organized the Chicago West Division Railway Company, was elected its president, and by his .systematic and skillful management, soon brought it to a high condition of pros])erity. In the midst of his exacting duties, he found time to take part in various other commercial and manufacturing enterprises, all of which added to his ample fortune, and brought him into notice as one of the most successful and influential men of Chi- cago. Withal he discharged his duties as marshal so efficiently and with such satisfaction to the government that upon the commencement of Mr. Lincoln's second term he was re-appointed, and held the office till President Grant called him to fill a higher and much more conspicuous position. Mr. Jones was one of Mr. Lincoln's most trusted friends, and enjoyed his fullest confidence. He was summoned by the latter upon several occa- sions to Washington for consultation upon matters of public interest, and at least once to confer upon a subject of great personal concern to the President. Shortly after the crushing victory of the Union forces, commanded by General Grant, over the Confederate army at Chattanooga, a movement was set on foot by a number of influential men in New York to give the successful general an independent nomination for the Presidency. Mr. Lincoln was too astute and watchful a politician to remain long in ignorance of this hostile movement, and, as a matter of course, soon discovered the plans of his enemies. Perceiving at once that the nation's victorious chieftain would prove a dangerous competitor, if he really were ambitious, he re- garded it as of the first importance to satisfy himself on that point. Recalling the intimacy which had grown up between General Grant and Mr. Jones, he telegraphed for the latter to come to Washing- ton. Mr. Jones lost no time in obeying the Pres- ident's summons. On reaching Washington he reported his arrival to the President, stating that he would call whenever it would be most con- venient for the President to receive him, and was requested to call at eight o'clock that evening, which he did, and was conducted to the Pres- ident's private office. Closing the doors, Mr. Lincoln said, " Jones, I've sent for you to tell me whether or not Grant wants to be President." Mr. Jones replied promptly, in accordance with what he knew to be the fact: "Certainly not; he would not take the oflfice if it were offered to him. So far from being a candidate himself. I know him to be earnestly in favor of your re- election." Mr. Lincoln's countenance relaxed, and the habitual shade of sadness faded from his face, as he leaned forward, and putting his hand upon Mr. Jones' shoulder, said. " My friend, you don't know how gratifying that is to me:" add- ing reflectively, "No man can ever toll how deep 144 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. that Presidential grub gnaws till he has had it himself." Immediately after Gen. Grant's election, four years later, he nominated Mr. Jones to the senate as Minister to Belgium, in grateful appreciation of his patriotic support of the government's policy during the Civil war; in recognition of his services as a member of the National Republican E.xecutive Committee during the political con- test which had just terminated, and of his high qualities as a gentleman and citizen. He pro- ceeded quietly to his post, accompanied by his family, took possession of the Legation on the 2 1st of July, 1869, was confirmed in due time and addressed himself at once unostentatiously but industriously to the mastery of the situation. One of his first duties was to make an elaborate report upon the cereal productions of Belgium, by order of the State Department, and the man- ner in which he did this left nothing to be de- sired. Shortly afterwards he was called upon to interpose his good offices in behalf of an Ameri- can citizen who had been condemned to im- prisonment. He did so, quietly and without display, and succeeded speedily in effecting the release of his countryman. When the difficulty arose with Great Britain in reference to the con- struction of the Treaty of Washington, no minis- ter was more active than he in disseminating correct information, and in giving public opinion a turn favorable to our interests. In the final extinguishment of the Scheldt dues, he served the government with marked capability and intel- ligence. He also materially assisted in bringing about an understanding between Belgium and the United States, which enabled them to agree upon the terms of an extradition treaty : and has more recently furnished for the use of the Senate Committee on Transportation an admirable report upon the Belgium railways and canals. In 1848, Mr. Jones married Miss Scott, the daughter of the late Judge Andrew Scott, of Arkansas. She is a most excellent and accom- plished lady, and has, with her interesting chil- dren, given the American Legation at Brussels an enviable reputation for elegance and hospitality. It is no exaggeration to say that Mr. Jones and his family have won the respect and affection of everybody who have felt the influence of their home, or come within the reach of their kindly offices. In the summer of 1875, Mr. Jones resigned and returned to Chicago and was soon thereafter tendered the position of Secretary^ of the Interior, which he declined and was appointed Collector of the Port of Chicago. In 1888 he practically retired from active busi- ness. CHARLES HENROTIN, CHIC.VGO, ILL. CHARLES HENROTIN was born in 1844 in Brussels, and settled in Chicago in 1848. His father. Dr. Henrotin, who in the early days was known in the neighborhood of Chicago as " The French Doctor," had been for many years surgeon in the Belgian army, and from 1857 to 1876, held the position of Belgian Consul in Chi- cago. Young Henrotin entered the Chicago High School in 1856, and aftenvards studied in his native country, attending the University of Tournai from 1856 to 1861, when he returned to Chicago and entered the employ of the Mer- chants' Loan and Trust Co. In 1866 he was elected cashier of that bank as successor to Mr. L. J. Gage, who became vice-president of the First National Bank of Chicago. In the fire of 1 87 1, the books and papers of the Merchants' Loan and Trust Co. were lost, and Mr. Henrotin accom- plished the remarkable feat of re-establishing all the accounts of the bank and satisfying all the de- mands of its customers without any interruption of its regular business, and without loss to the bank, and he accomplished it within three weeks from the time of the fire. In 1876 Mr. Henrotin resigned his position as cashier to engage in his present line of business — banking and brokerage. At the outset, his time was devoted principally to the introduction into the Chicago stock market of railroad bonds — a business which from 1876 to 18S3 assumed enor- ^ a i /l/'C / i ^rt'.^ BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIO.XARV A.\D PORTRAIT OALLERY. M7 mous proportions. Ho also rendered notable ser- vice to the city and county in successfully hand- ling nearly all of the municipal loans made at that time. He bought the County Court House 5 per cent, loan of S'--OO.ooo, and took practically all the city script which, in her then embarrassed posi- tion, had to be issued for current go\'ernment ex- penditures. Mr. Henrotin's ability as a financier had by this time become well known far beyond his own com- munity, and confidence in him well established. It only required the insight, tact and daring of his ne.xt enterprise to give him a name as a finan- cial leader throughout the country. We refer to his splendid work in the creation of the Chicago Stock Exchange, which has been so great a source of convenience and profit to the commercial and financial institutions of Chicago, and has won a more than national repute. Chicago had long needed just such a commercial medium, and now that it has proven so signal a success, must give a large share of the credit to Mr. Henrotin, to whom was due its original conception and subse- quent realization. He was elected its first presi- dent in 1880, and his own successor in 1881. In 1886 he was again made president, and in 1889 and 1890 was elected a third and a fourth time. Mr. Henrotin is also a member of the New York Stock Exchange. Essentially a public-spirited man, he has been prominent in many public enterprises, and has probably done as much as any one man to make Chicago a financial center, and an attractive city. One of the numerous ventures in which he was foremost was the building of the Chicago Opera House, of whose company he has been vice-presi- dent since its origin. The Panorama of the Bat- tle of Gettysburg was also secured to the city through his influence and sold by him to a syndi- cate of Chicago capitalists. Of late years he has been largely interested in Chicago Horse and Cable Railway matters and is a director in the North Chicago Street Railway Company. Within the last few years, Mr. Henrotin has de- voted much time to managing English syndicate business in the West. He was the American broker in the successful placing of the .securities of the Chicago Brewing and Malting Co., and the Junction Railways and Union Stock Yards and the Milwaukee and Chicago Breweries — securities amounting in the aggregate to some $38,000,000. In the organization of the Lon- don and Chicago Contract Corporation, he took the leading part, being the official broker of this corporation, as well as of the City of London Contract Co., of England. In 1876 Mr. Henrotin was appointed consul to Belgium to succeed his father, and, with the sanc- tion of the Belgian government, was also appoint- ed consul for the Ottoman Empire, both of which positions he still retains. He has distinguished 'himself by his very fine and e.xhaustive reportson the export and import trade of Belgium, and in 1889, in recognition of valuable consular services, he was knighted by the King of Belgium, with the decoration of " Chevalier of the Order of Leopold." In politics Mr. Henrotin is a Democrat, not at all inclined to partisanship, but a very liberal- minded and unbiased thinker. He is socially active as a member of the Chicago, Union and Washington Park Clubs, of the Germania Manner- chor, and the Nineteenth Century Club. As has already been suggested, Mr. Henrotin's education was of a very superior character, and the increasing cares of business have not pre- vented the daily additions and expansions which alone produce the man of culture. Singular it is that in so practical a life the art of painting should receive much attention. Mr. Henrotin is a man of artistic sympathies and discrimination, and is himself possessor of .some choice paintings. Mentally strong, bright, and active, he is ex- ceedingly well liked in the commercial world, where his knowledge of the minute details and ramifications, as well as of the general interests of a business, has given him a high standing as a financier. Mr. Henrotin has given much atten- tion to the "Silver Question,'' and has written several important and valuable articles on the subject, that have gained a wide circulation. In social circles his polished manner and genial temperament are highly appreciated. He is an ex- ample of a class which is America's peculiar pride, — the energetic man of business, who is yet at home in all the varied phases and departments of society, literature and art. In his domestic life Mr. Henrotin has been especially felicitous. Mrs. Henrotin, who is the daughter of Mr. E. Byam Martin, a descendant of the English family of 148 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. Byam Martins, and a resident of Maine, is a lad)- of unusual talent and attractiveness. Highly ed- ucated, possessed of unusual literary tastes and habits, she is conversant with both the French and German languages, from the latter of which she has made several important and valuable translations. She is the president of the Deco- rative Art Society, of Chicago. She was treas- urer of the Society for five years. Through her exertions the Society took up the work of indus- trial education among the teachers, and she has done much in many ways for the advancement of her sex. Mrs. Henrotin has been a very promin- ent member of the Woman's Club, Chicago, and of the Fortnightly and the Nineteenth Century Clubs, and is probably the finest extemporaneous woman speaker in Chicago. She has given the work of the Kitchen Garden Association her per- sonal attention ever since its organization. With Mrs. Potter Palmer, Mrs. Henrotin went to Wash- ington, D. C, to speak before the National Coun- cil of Women, to present the claims of the Woman's Board of the Columbian Exposition for recognition. She is chairman of the woman's branch of the World's Congress Auxiliary- and one of the leading spirits in the work, also chair- man of the general committee, which has general supervision of all branches of the work. Many \aluable essays from her pen have gained a wide circulation. Mr. and Mrs. Henrotin are blessed with three sons, Edward, Charles and N orris. HON. JONAS HUTCHINSON, CHICAGO, ILL. JONAS HUTCHINSON comes from New England stock, and was born at Milford, New Hampshire, January lo, 1840. His father, Abel Hutchinson, was a farmer, and died when Jonas was only six years old. Having attended the public school for some time, Jonas was sent to the Academy at Mt. Vernon, of which Mr. Augustus Berry was principal. He made such progre.ss, and showed so good a disposition for study, that he was sent to Dartmouth College, from which he was graduated in 1863. The president of the college, Nathan Lord, took a great interest in him, and had such confidence in his ability and acquirements that he recom- mended him as a teacher for the high school at Columbus, Ohio. His confidence was not mis- placed, for at the end of the first year, Mr. Hutchinson was appointed principal, the onerous and responsible duties of which position he dis- charged with ability and success for two years. His first business venture was as Western Agent of the school book publishing firm of Messrs. D. Appleton & Co., with headquarters in Chicago, and he proved himself as competent in the counting house as he had been in the school. In 1867, he began the study of law with Messrs. Sweetzer and Gardner, of Boston, and the year following entered the office of Mr. Bainbridge Wadleigh, an able and prominent lawyer of Milford, who was afterwards United States Sen- ator for New Hampshire. During these years of study, Mr. Hutchinson was a diligent student, and in March, 1869, was admitted to the practice of law. He then removed to Chicago, where he has since followed the practice of his profession. During his long residence in this city he has been engaged in many of the most important cases that have come before the Cook county bench. One of the most notable was the case of Eliza- beth A. Hill, who was found dead in her home in January, 1881. As she died intestate and her heirs were not known, the difficulty of settling up the estate was great, but it was increased by an attempt to collect on notes purporting to be signed by Mrs. Hill, but which were shown by Mr. Hutchinson to be forgeries. He received great credit for his successful termination of the case after years of labor. In 1889, Mr. Hutchinson was appointed Corpo- ration Council by the Hon. DeWitt C. Cregier, Mayor, and the appointment was confirmed by the city council. This office he held for two years, giving the greatest satisfaction by his ability, honesty and courtesy. He is now, and has been for several years, chairman of the Dem- ocratic County Central Committee of Cook BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOSARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. 149 county. His kindly disposition, thorough knowl- edge of parliamentary law and long experience in managing men, fit him for the discharge of the duties of this difficult position, which he fills with credit to himself and benefit to his party. On November 3, 1891, Mr. Hutchinson was elected to the Superior Court bench, vice IMr. John P. Altgeld, resigned. He had previously declined the offer of various nominations, and acceded to the request on this occasion only in the interests of his party. His selection by the Democrats was endorsed by the Republicans, and his election may be said to have been substan- tially unanimous, as there was only a small por- tion of the labor vote which he did not receive. He was elected by a majority of over one hun- dred thousand votes, a very high compliment, which shows the esteem in which he is held by the people of all classes. Mr. Hutchinson was married on November 14, 1876, to Miss Lettie Brown, of Springfield, Illi- nois. Her maternal great-grandfather was Col. William A. Dudley, of Lexington, Kentucky, who distinguished himself \yy valorous deeds in the Mohawk war. in which he lost his life. To his and his comrades' memor)', deservedly cher- ished by all lovers of braverj-, the people of Ken- tucky have erected a handsome monument upon the most commandincr site in the beautiful ceme- tery at Frankfort. Col. Dudley's regimentals are given a conspicuous place in the Smithsonian Institute at Washington. His son, Dr. Jeptha Dudley, acquired a niche in the temple of fame as the most prominent physician of his day, in the South. The Dudleys always stood among the first of Kentucky's great men. Mrs. Hutch- inson's father was a brother of the celebrated Presbyterian divine, John H. Brown, D. D., well known on account of the part he took in the noted theological controversy between Alexan- der Campbell and Nathan L. Rice. This union has been blessed with two children, Helen and Jonas, Jr., whose bright smiles and innocent mirth tend, if possible, to make a happy home happier. As a public speaker, Mr. Hutchinson attempts no flights of oratory. Simple and accurate in his statement of facts, clear in his deductions and convincing in his arguments, he disdains the art of the sophist, and prefers to quote Blackstone rather than Shakspcare. Quiet, reserved, unostentatious, he hoards his strength and only uses his full power when cir- cumstances demand the calling out of his reserved force. He is an able and experienced adviser, a sincere friend and an honor to his pro- fession. Careful and conscientious in the dis- charge of every duty, he is a man possessed of a high degree of honor and integrity. JOHN A. COLBY, CHICAGO, ILL. JOHN A. COLBY was born in Fryeburg, Maine, April i, 1833. His parents were James and Marj- (Sterling) Colby. His father was born in 1799, and died in 1874, in the same house in which his own and his father's families had been raised. His great-grandfather, with two brothers, came to America from the North of Ire- land. His mother's ancestrj' came from Scotland, and included Major-General John Stark, of New Hampshire, whose heroism is immortalized in his famous address to his soldiers on the morning of the battle of Bennington, concluding with the stirring words : " Boys, we will whip those red coats, or Mollie Stark is a widow." Monuments to his bravery were recently erected by the public. at Manchester, New Hampshire, and at Benning- ton, Vermont. John attended the public schools and academy in Fryeburg. The latter has the honor of once having Daniel Webster as principal. When not in school, his time, in summer, was devoted to his father's farm, in winter, to the labor of the logging swamps. Spare time was given to the use of carpenter's tools and working in wood, which naturally developed a love for cabinet work, the final outcome of which was his great furniture establishment. At the age of nineteen he left his native town and State, and went to Lowell, Massachusetts. After spending a few months with the Lawrence corporation, he re- moved to Boston, and joined his brother, Albert, '50 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIO.XARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. in the book business, at 150 Washington street. He severed that connection in 1857, and, remov- ing to Chicago, started in the book business on his own account at 118 Randolph street, where he continued until 1861. During the following six years he was engaged on the Board of Trade, and in oil and mining operations. In 1867, his early love for cabinet work having revived, he started in the furniture business, laying the foundations of his subsequent success. The growth of his trade has necessitated a large man- ufactory for ordered work of interior decorations and drapery. In 1885, his sons, Henry C. and Edward A., were admitted to a partnership with him under the firm name of J. A. Colby and Sons. Their well-known store on State street being too contracted for their growing business, they re- moved, in January, 1891, to the spacious and ele- gant building at Nos. 148, 150, 152 and 154 Wabash avenue. Here they have doubled the capacity of their manufacturing plant, and have the facilities to store, handle, and exhibit to the public the immense, rare, and costly styles of furniture and artistic work, which are the admira- tion of throngs of visitors. Nine floors as salesrooms are made very attractive in the ar- rangement of stock and decorations. Prompt and courteous attention makes patrons feel at home, and has added to the popularity which has made this a leading establishment of Chicago. Mr. Colby was married, April 29, 1857, ^o Miss Abigail Ford Cady, of Scotch descent, at West Randolph, Vermont. Of four children, two sons — members of the firm — survive. Mrs. Colby has been a true helpmeet. She is a lady of decided literary tastes, appreciating the best literature and art. She is identified with the All Souls' Uni- tarian church, the Chicago Woman's Club, and several other literary, sociable and charitable in- stitutions. GILBERT WORDSWORTH BARNARD, CHICAGO, ILL. THERE is, perhaps, no better or more favor- ably known citizen in Chicago than Gilbert W. Barnard. His name is a familiar one both at home and abroad. He was born on the 1st day of June, 1834, in Palmyra, Wayne county. New York, and is the son of George Washington and Sabrina (Deming) Barnard. His father died while he was yei unborn, and while he was yet in his infancy the bereft widow located in Michigan where he received his early education. At the age of fifteen, we find him coming to Chicago, which was destined to become the field of his future success. He began work for John C. Williams, in his general store, and subsequently was engaged in the book and sta- tionery business, and later, conducted a general commercial business. He was an active member of the volunteer fire department, from 1849 to 1858, and in that capacity rendered valuable services. His business career in the city of Chi- cago has been marked by honorable dealings, uprightness, and integrity. He was made a Mason in October, 1864, and has ever since been an active participant in all matters of interest pertaining to the welfare of that organization ; on December 7th, of the same year, he was made a Master Mason in Garden City Lodge, No. 141, A. F. and A. M. He was appointed junior steward in the same lodge the night after he was raised to the sublime ilegree of Master Mason, and has remained in office ever since. He was Master of this lodge during the years 1866-67, and District Deputy Grand Master for several years. He was exalted to the Royal Arch degree, October 2d, 1866, in Corinthian Chapter, No. 69 ; took the Council degree in Siloam Council, No. 53, on March 25, 1871 ; and the Knight Templar degree, on May 13, 1870, in St. Bernard Commandery, No. 35. He received the 32d degree on April 25, 1868, and the 33d degree on November 13, 1873. He was a member of the first Board of Grand Ex- aminers of the Grand Lodge, for five years ; Grand Lecturer of the Grand Lodge, for eight years ; and has been Secretary or Recorder of nearly all side issues that were termed Masonic, and has received over three hundred degrees that are known to Masonry. ^'^^^i£/??'^ccA^^,^r^ BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY A.XD PORTRAIT CALLER Y. 153 He is Past Hitjh Priest of Corinthian Chapter, No. 69, R. A. M., and Past Eminent Commander of St. Bernard Commandery, No. 35, Knights Templar ; Past Commander-in-Chief of Oriental Consistory ; Grand Secretary of the Grand Chap- ter ; Grand Recorder of the Grand Council and Grand Commander}-, and Grand Secretary of the Council of Deliberation, S. P. R. S., and various other bodies of Illinois. He was, some fifteen years ago, elected Secre- tary of the Capitular, Cryptic and Chivalric grand bodies of the State of Illinois, where his signal ability, and untiring efforts in the performance of his official and fraternal duties have won him a host of friends and admirers. His connection as secretary with the Illinois Masonic Orphans' Home, and his untiring zeal and labors in this connection, have added greatly to the upbuilding of that worthy institution. Mr. Barnard's office, in Chicago, is filled with a collection of everything of usefulness to the lovers and students of the laws and customs of the fraternity, and is a general center of Masonic affairs, as well as the continual resort for visitors from all parts of the Masonic world. His long connection with the Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite, of which he is a 33d degree active member, gives him a correspondence with all branches of the order, wherever they exist, and makes him so well known. His life has been that of an upright man and Mason, and he has devoted himself to the interests of the fraternity, administering to the wants of his brothers, and relieving their widows and orphans in distress. He is affable and courteous in manner, and each new acquaintance he makes is another friend added to the long list of those who delight to know him. LEVI BARNES DOUD, CHICAGO, ILL. TO a student of human nature, there is noth- ing more interesting than to examine into the life of a self-made man, and analyze those principles that have caused him to become a man of eminence in the community, and an object of respect to all that know him. Levi Barnes Doud is prominent among the self- made men of Chicago. He was born in Mahon- ing county, Ohio, on April 7, 1840. His parents, James and Mary (Barnes) Doud, were reared in Canfield, Ohio, but their parents were descended from old colonial settlers of Connecticut and Vir- ginia. After finishing his education at the Salem (Ohio) Academy, Levi returned to his father's farm, and remained there until his nineteenth or twentieth year, when he began life for himself as a cattle dealer, in Allegheny City, Pennsylvania. He had good success in this business venture, but being of an ambitious nature and foreseeing a great future for the live-stock trade at Chicago, he began operations there in 1864, and in the following year removed thither and took up his abode. He has been largely connected with the cattle interests of Chicago for over a quarter of a century, and at the present time (1892) is the senior member of the live-stock commission firm of Doud and Keefer. He has also been identi- fied with the packing business — but has disposed of all his packing interests in Chicago — but .still retains an interest in the packing house of L. B. Doud and Company, located at Atlantic, Iowa. For many years Mr. Doud has been interested in banking institutions. He was a stockholder in the old Stockyards Bank, and in January, 1889, was elected a director in the National Live Stock Bank, and six months later (in July) was chosen its president. This position he now holds. In December, 1875, he was married to Eliz- abeth R. Dunham, by whom he has one child, Marion. Mrs. Doud is a native of Newark, Ohio; she was educated in Chicago, and at the time of her marriage was a resident of Iowa. Our subject is a native of Ohio, a State that has been aptly spoken of by an eminent historian as "The lap of Patriotism and the mother of Repub- licanism." He has followed in the footsteps of his father, one of the leaders of the anti-slavery move- ment in Ohio, and is a staunch Republican — a firm believer in the principles of Republicanism as ad- vocated by Lincoln, Grant, Garfield and Blaine. 154 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. Mr. Doud is a man of domestic tastas, and when not employed in his business, in which he takes a natural and just pride, he finds in no place such solid enjoyment as in his own beauti- ful home, at No. 3257 Michigan avenue. During the heated season of each year, he seeks re- cuperation and rest at the sea-shore, with his family. Such is a brief outline of his biograph\- : Pre- eminently a self-made man, he has attained to a position among Chicago's representative men of which he may justly be proud. He started in life with no capital save health, a persistent pur- pose and an honorable ambition, and, by perse- vering effort, uprightness and fidelity, has risen, step by step, to his present commanding position. CHARLES T. YERKES, CHICAGO, ILL. CHARLES TYSON YERKES, President of the North Chicago Street Railroad Company and the West Chicago Street Railroad Company, and Director of the World's Fair, was born in Philadelphia, June 25th, 1837. Up to the time of the settlement of his father's estate he added "junior" to his name, as the two were the same. His mother was Elizabeth Link Broom, who came from an old Philadelphia family, descended from the Dutch. The name "Yerkes" is Welsh, the first settlers coming to this country from England a few years before the Penn colony of Quakers arrived. The subject of this biography is descended from these people, who assimilated with the followers of William Penn. The farthest the lineage can be traced being to their arrival in Philadelphia with that good man on board the ship "Welcome," in 1682. Mr. Yerkes' parents were Quakers, and he was brought up in that faith ; but like many other members of that sect, the straight coat, broad brimmed hat and quiet manners were not adopted by the rising generation, and the mem- bership in his family will, in all probability, go out with him. He received his education at the Quaker school in Philadelphia, and afterwards graduated at the Central High School in that city. In early life he was an active young man, always desiring to be at the head of all schemes, whether it was mischief at school or a money making project. An anecdote of the boy has found its way into print, showing his natural thrift. When about twelve years old, he was very fond of attending the auction sales which were held on Saturdays, at an auction store, in the vicinity of his home. One day, arriving early, he discovered a number of boxes of soap which bore the same brand that was being used by his family, which he had often been sent to purchase at the corner grocery. Twelve cents per pound was the retail price he had always paid. An idea struck him and a plan was immediately formed. He went at once to the grocer and asked what soap was worth by the box. The latter thinking the boy wished to purchase, told him, eleven cents per pound. The boy de- murred, saying it was too much. The grocer replied that very little profit was made on soap, and facetiously remarked he would pay nine cents per pound for any quantity. Young Yerkes seemed hardly satisfied and left the store, going immediately to the auction. Soon the lot of soap was reached and the auctioneer announced the soap would be sold, a box at a time. " What is bid per pound for the soap?" "Four cents," said one bidder; " Four and one-half cents," and so on up to five and one-half cents. While the auctioneer was clamoring for another bid, " Six cents," came from a shrill but sturdy voice, and every one looked to see the new bidder. The box of soap was knocked down to young Yerkes at six cents per pound. "What is the name?" said the auctioneer as he leaned forward. "Charles T. Yerkes, Jr.," shouted the boy, and the man repeated, " Put it down to Charles T. Yerkes, Jr.," and every one but the boy laughed. Another box was put up and the youngster bid again six cents. No one else bid. They were all amused to watch the earnest boy. Again the auctioneer asked the name and received the same reply. It was most amusing to the by- '/y-c^c^y^ BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT CAILERY. 157 slanders. Box after box was put up until fifteen boxes had been sold. The auctioneer then said there were ten more boxes and he would sell them in one lot. The boy bid five and one- half cents. No one else would bid- There was too much fun in seeing the little fellow get the soap, so it was put down to him. Then there was a bee line made by young Yerkes to the grocer. "What did you say was the price of soap ? " said he. " I told you I would sell by the box at eleven cents, which is low for it, or I would give nine cents for a big lot of it." " Well," said the boy, " I have sold you twenty- five boxes at nine cents a pound, and I will run over to Frank's auction store and tell them it is to go to you." Of course, mutual explanations followed. The grocer took the soap, paid the amount due and then gave the boy the balance. He has said the making of this money so startled him that instead of being filled with the idea that money was easy to make, his great fear was that he might in some way lose it. He, therefore, did not repeat the venture. After leaving school, he went as a clerk into the flour and grain commission and forwarding house of James P. Perot and Bro. In those days it was a great privilege to be permitted to enter a first-class hous;e to learn the business, and he, consequently, had no salary. However, on ac- count of his close attention, he was presented with fifty dollars at the end of the year. In .1859. although no more than a boy, he started a money and stock broker's office on Third .street in Philadelphia, and in three years was so pros- perous as to be able to purchase the banking house at No. 20 South Third street, and estab- lished himself as a banker. The negotiation of first-class bonds was his specialty. It was during the war, and Government, State and City bonds were heavily dealt in. The high premium for gold made City bonds sell low, owing to the fact that the interest was payable in currency. How- ever, he conceived a scheme to raise the price from eighty-five cents to par, which was carried into effect with the anticipated result, and the city was able to raise money to pay bounties to the soldiers and for park purchases which were then being made. It should be understood that, in accordance with their charter, no City bonds could be sold by the city at less than par. conse- quently, when the price was below that figure, the city could not pa\- the bounties or make improve- ments. This close alliance with the city, however, proved his "Waterloo." At the time of the Chi- cago fire, he was very prominent in Third street. He had made money rapidly, and, as he says, was feeling that he might begin to take life more easily. He never took a holiday, but was always attending to business. The panic occasioned by the fire caught him carrying a large load of secu- rities, and he was in debt to the city for bonds sold for it, it being the custom to make the pay- ments at the end of every month. The city au- thorities demanded settlement at once, and know- ing to pay it in full would be unfair to the balance of his creditors, he suspended and made an assign- ment. The fact that the law did not provide for his having possession of the city's money was tortured into a criminal offense, and as he refused to give the city preference over his other credit- ors, severe measures were resorted to to compel him to do so. He was firm, however, and in- sisted that, as he had given up everything he possessed, it should be divided to every one alike. He declared this was the most trying period of his life, and while he and his friends feel proud of his action, the severe strain he was obliged to pass through was such that few men could stand. While it made his friends stronger, it gave his enemies, for all time, an opportunity to cast re- flections upon him, and as he has said, when any one wished to throw mud at him they could easily manufacture the material by giving a one- sided view of his old trouble. At the time of his failure he lost the large in- terest which he held in the Seventeenth and Nineteenth Street Railway Company, which had been in his possession since 1861, and which was sold to help pay his debts. In 1873, at the time of the Jay Cook failure, he commenced the recu- peration of his fortune. His business was rapidly growing at that period, and appreciating, at once, that Mr. Cook's suspension meant a very serious decline in everything, sold stocks heavily before purchasing. Immense and quick profits were the result, and he soon found him.self well established again. In 1875, 'ic purchased an interest in the Continental Passenger Railway of Philadelphia, and saw the value of the stock rise from fifteen dollars per share to over one hundred dollars. In 158 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. 1880, he made his first visit to Chicago. At that time, gold was coming from Europe in almost every steamer which arrived at New York from that point, still money was not easy there. In- quiry developed the fact that it was going west, principally to Chicago. The idea forced itself upon his mind that a new money center was be- ing formed and from natural causes, and he re- solved to investigate. The result was that he concluded to extend his investigations still fur- ther, and, consequently, after returning to Phila- delphia, he started to go through the Northwest and see for himself. After visiting St. Paul, Minneapolis and Duluth, he pushed on over the Northern Pacific Railroad, but was stopped by a severe snow storm at Fargo. It was here, sitting around the stove at the hotel, he listened to the tales of the boomer who had arranged to make a grand Dakota demonstration in the spring. The crops had been good and prices high. No one who has not had experience can fully appreciate the wondrous tales told under these circum- stances. It was not long before he joined a syn- dicate and afterwards bought out his associates. When the spring opened he built business blocks, dealt heavily in acre property, and organized the first Fair held in North Dakota. It is said the display of farm machinery was the best ever made. All the large manufacturers were repre- sented. The shafting to run the machinery was about a quarter of a mile long. Having sold out most of his Dakota interests he came to Chicago, in the autumn of 1881. and opened a banking house at the corner of La Salle and Madison streets. This was operated in conjunction with his house in Philadelphia, which was being man- aged by his partner. From the time of his ad- vent in Chicago, he had looked with longing eyes on the street railways — particularly the North side — but it was not until 1886 that he was able to enter into negotiations for it. A satisfactory arrangement was then made with the stockholders having a majority of the stock, and after associat- ing with himself some Chicago capitalists and a few of his old friends in Philadelphia, he took possession of the North Chicago City Railway Company. The company was completely reor- ganized, and after many difficulties in which he was obliged to work single-handed against the most remarkable efforts of those who were jeal- ous of his appearance in the street railroad field, he at length accomplished the reorganization and change of motive power from horse to cable, the greatest success achieved being the utilizing of the old La Salle street tunnel (which had almost entirely gone into disuse), thereby overcoming the great detriment which was experienced by the people of the North side on account of the swing bridges. Two years later he closed the negotiations for the majority of the Chicago West Division Railway Company stock, and that company was reorganized in the same manner as the North side road. In all his business, Mr. Yerkes acted with full authority from his associates, and it is said their confidence in his experience and management was such that they refused to advise with him, but left him to act entirely as his judgment should dictate. The results show the wisdom of their course. Notwithstanding the fact that tempting ofTers are constantly made to him to take hold of other street railroad properties, he invariably refuses. He is of the firm opinion that success can only be accomplished by con- stant and undivided attention to the properties he has taken hold of, and that small cities are unprofitable for the introduction of the improved systems of street railroad management. Mr. Yerkes is a Republican, although not an active politician. He believes in a protective tariff, for the reason that while all articles used in his business would be cheapened by free trade, yet he is of the opinion that the prosperity of the country demands that labor should be pro- tected by such duty on imported goods that our home manufacturers can compete with foreign makers. In 1881, Mr. Yerkes married Miss Mary Ade- laide Moore, daughter of Thomas Moore, of Phil- adelphia, who had been for a number of years connected with the firm of Powers and Wright- man, manufacturing chemists in that city. To his regular habits, care, and abstemious life, he probably owes his remarkably well pre- served physical condition. He has lived in the line of the old adage, " early to bed and early to rise," and has for it a ruddy, robust appear- ance, sustained by a constitution which would indicate, that though he has passed the half cen- tur)- mile-stone, for years to come he will still be BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXAKV AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. 159 in the prime of life. And what precision of habit has accomplished in the way of physical develop- ment, observation, application and cultivation, have brought about in his mental character. That he is a quick thinker, a keen observer, and the possessor of a bright intellectuality, is told at a glance. His well rounded head is evidence of the evenness and fiiUness of his mental develop- ment ; and his dark piercing eye tells of his pow- er to perceive and the deep earnestness which has been characteristic of his life. There is with it all, too, a firmness that is often mistaken for rigidity; but to this seeming cloud there is a sil- very lining which constantly stands out in bold relief to those who know him best. As the world sees him, he is a calm, austere, pushing business man ; but as he is seen after office hours, he is the most genial of men, and presents a nature radiant with pleasantry. He has very little taste, however, for society, and as a consequence is almost a stranger to club life. In fact, he is very seldom seen away from home and family after his day's business. He is devoted to his fireside and revels in home life, and is a lover of the beauti- ful. To him. his pictures — rare works of art with which his gallery abounds — and the flowers of his conservatory arc open books. He reads them with peculiar delight and finds in them a sooth- ing influence, which not only wears ofT the day's contact with the busy world, but sweetens his life by their sublimity, and renews his mind for the labors which the successive morrows bring. OSCAR C. DkWOLF, A.M., M.D., CHICAGO, ILL. OSCAR C. DeWOLF, whose name has be- come familiar in connection with his faith- ful and successful service in the health depart- ment of Chicago, was born at Chester, Hampden county. Massachusetts, in 1836. His father, Dr. T. K. UeW'olf, was born in 1801, and continued in the succes-iful practice of medicine till his eighty- ninth year, working with the vigor and alacritj' of a boy. Our subject's mother, Cornelia (Benham) DcW'olf, born in 1806 in Barkhamsted, Connecti- cut, came of an old Revolutionary family, resident in the Northeast since Colonial days. Gen. Ben- ham, of the engineer corps, was of the same family. Dr. DeWolf is probably of English descent ; but members of his father's family were engaged in the Revolutionary war ; his ancestors have been in Connecticut and Rhode Island for two hundred years. He has one brother, one half brother, and one sister, the sister being the wife of Dr. Har- low fiamwcll, of Westfield, Massachusetts. His brother is an attorney in Cleveland, Ohio, and his half brother a member of the well-known firm of I'helps, Dodge and Palmer, of Chicago, and vice- president of the Chicago Coal Company. Our subject received his preliminary education in the common schools of Massachusetts, and later pursued a course of study in, and was gradu- ated from, Williams College, afterward study- ing medicine at Pittsfield, Massachusetts. He graduated in medicine from the Medical College- at Berkshire, in 1857, and from New York Medi- cal College in 1858. The same year he went to Europe and entered the medical department of the University of France, where he remained until 1861. Two days after his arrival home, he was appointed assistant surgeon of the First Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Calvalry, and afterward became surgeon of the Second Regi- ment Massachusetts Cavalry, and later surgeon of the reserve brigade of the regular cavalry, where he continued till the end of the war. After the close of the war in 1866, he settled at Northamp- ton, Massachusetts, and remained there until 1873. He then removed to Chicago where he has since made his home, filling many positions of trust with marked ability. He was appointed Commissioner of Health for the city of Chicago in 1876, filling that position with a zeal and integ- rity of which he may well be proud. A promi- nent city official has said that Dr. Oscar C. De- Wolf was the first man to place the work of that office on a high plane, and that his was an effi- cient and honest administration. He made that department an executive part of the city govern- ment. He had the nerve and decision to act, when sure he was right in the premises. That i6o BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY AND PORTRAIT GALLERY. Dr. DeWolf is an eminent authority on sanitary matters is furtlier sliown in the fact that he was appointed one of the sanitary commission to examine the site for the World's Columbian Ex- position. His associates in this work were Dr. H. A. Johnson and Dr. Fernand Henrotin. This commission will continue its sanitary supervision till the close of the Exposition. Dr. DeWolf is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, and was made an honorary member of the French Society of Hygiene. He is also a member of the British Association for the Ad- vancement of Science. These honors were con- ferred upon him in recognition of his eminent services in the health department of the city of Chicago. He is a member of all the prominent medical societies, also a member of the Illinois Club, and a man of high social standing and an extensive acquaintance. Dr. DeWolf is professor of State medicine and public hygiene in the Chi- cago Medical College, a position he has occupied with distinction for many years. He holds his religious affiliations with the Third Presbyterian Church. Always a Republican, yet he numbers among his intimate friends many who differ from him in his political belief. He was married December, 1872, to Harriet T. Lyman, of Northampton, Mass. HON. WILLIAM ERNEST MASON, CHICAGO, ILL. AMONG the representative men of Chicago, whose position is due solely to their own efforts, none deserves more honorable mention than William E. Mason. He was born in the village of Franklinville, Cattaraugus county. New York, on the 7th day of July, 1850. His parents were Lewis J. and Nancy (Winslow) Mason, his father being, at the time of William's birth, en- gaged in mercantile pursuits. He was a man of high character, and very active in politics, and in his early manhood was identified with the Abo- litionists. Upon the organization of the Repub- lican party, he became an enthusiastic member of that body, and was an ardent supporter of John C. Fremont for the presidency, in 1856. In 1858 the family removed to Bentonsport, Iowa, and lived there until the death of the father, in 1865. William was thus, at the tender age of fifteen, practically thrown upon his own resources and left to battle with the world. He had re- ceived the rudiments of his education in the public schools of Franklinville, and later at Ben- tonsport. He had also studied two years at Birmingham College, and was making fair pro- gress in the way of a liberal education, when called upon to make his own way in the world. This shouldering of the responsibilities of life developed in the boy a self-reliance and strength of purpose which have been distinguishing charac- teristics of the man. He began teaching school. and devoted himself alternately to teaching and studying until 1868. During the next two years, he taught in the public schools of Des Moines. Iowa. He then began the study of law in the office of Hon. Thomas F. Withrow, an eminent corporation lawyer, who was, soon after this time, appointed General Solicitor of the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad Company, and re- moved to Chicago. Our subject accompanied him, and remained in his office one year, and then became a student in the office of Hon. John N. Jewett, where he finished his preparation for admission to the bar. For several years he remained in the office of his distinguished preceptor, leaving it to form a partnership with Judge M. R. M. Wallace, in 1877. He soon became known as a good lawyer and safe counselor, and especially as an able and eloquent advocate. Upon separating from Judge Wallace, he became the senior member of the firm of Mason, Ennis and Bates, with which he is still identified. Mr. Mason has always been a staunch Republi- can, and, as his record will show, an enthusiastic and effective worker in the interests of that party. Before he was thirty years of age, he was a mem- ber of the General Assembly of Illinois, and in 1882 was sent to the State Senate from the Ninth Senatorial District of Illinois. In both the lower house and the senate, he was conspicuous for his \ BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIO.XAKV A.\D FORTRAIT GALLERY. 163 abilit)-, his devotion to the interests of his con- stituency, good judgment in the consideration of proposed legislation, and close attention to busi- ness at all times. In 1888 he was elected Congressman from the Third Congressional District of Illinois, and as a member of this popular branch of the national legislature won honor for himself and reflected credit upon those who elected him by becoming, in a comparatively short time, one of the most serviceable members of that body. Possessing oratorical powers of a high order, a ready wit and a broad knowledge of public affairs, he distin- guished himself on the floor of the House on numerous occasions. He was noted for brevity, conciseness and pointedness of statement, and in the debate on the location of the World's Colum- bian Exposition, made the following five-minute speech, which is a model of its kind, and for which he was highly complimented by all, and the Speaker (Mr. Reed) expressed his opinion that it was the best five-minute speech he had ever listened to : Mr. Speaker: When I think of the many things that could be said in favor of the city that I have the honor, in part, to represent, and of the few moments in which I have to say them, I feel much hke the boy who sat down on the inside of a sugar barrel and said, " Oh, for time and a thou- sand tongues 10 do this thing justice." (Laughter.] Five minutes in which to speak of tlie greatest city in the world ! I wish I had lime to call your attention to the constitution of the State of New York ; most of you have read that. I wish I had time to refer to the eloquent speech of the gentleman from New York (Mr. Flower) who yesterday told us about the display that was to be made in the New York harbor, and the Italian and Spanish ships of war. I would like to invite him and colleagues here to that great inland sea on which rides a larger fleet — (or there are more arrivals and clearances in the port of Chicago than in any other port in the L'nited States of America, not excluding New York, more tonnage and more arrivals and departures— not a fleet of war, but a fleet of peace, of peaceful commerce —commerce between American citizens, the profits thereof remaining at home. It is one of the grandest things to contemplate that the discover)' of Christopher Columbus has led to the develop- ment on this soil of a nation resting on the principles of self- government— a nation that needs no army and navy, for if ever)- gun we have were spiked, and ever)- ship were sunk, no nation on the face of God's earth would dare to strike a blow at our colors or invade our soil [applause]. We cannot invite you to see a fleet of war ships, but we invite you to witness the victories of peace, greater than those of war. You invite us to see the Spanish and Italian ships of war, not a color of which, from any mast, stands for human liberty; we invite you to see the commercial fleet of peace, larger by far than that, manned by American citizens, and from every mast fly- ing the colors that we love [applausej. I would like to say one thing further during my five minutes, and that is all I have to say. My brethren on the other side, you have charged the Republicans on this side of the house with most unfair and ungenerous criticism in matters of politics. The gentleman from Texas (Mr. Mills) discussed at great length this morning the fact that the negro has the right to vote in the South, and has no right to vote in the District of Colum- bia. It is true that in the heat of politics we indulge in things of that kind. But is it not also true that you have criticised us and have given us back, with interest, wliat we gave you ? But what is the best way to avoid such things ? How can we do better in the future for the people we represent and whose prosperity we should consider from a united stand- point ? How can we do better than meet upon common ground, at that great central city of Chicago, for a common purpose ? Come to Chicago in 1S92, my friends, and see whether our hospitality differs from the hospitality for which you are so justly noted in Georgia, Kentucky and Missis.sippi. Come, I say, and with the shoulder-touch let us march, in 1892, to a better understanding. Come, and warm vour hearts at the forges of the North as we melt the ores of the South, and, with the anvil and hammer of personal contact, let us beat out a better friendship for the North and the South [ap- plause]. Bring your looms from New England; bring your cotton from the South, weave it into cloth in the presence of the great .Northwest, and into the web and woof of that cloth we will weave a new song for a better and more permanent union of the States. Eighteen hundred and ninety-two will be a famous year, my friends— famous for the advancement of the arts and sciences, famous for the advancement of agriculture, famous for the advancement of ever)'thing that makes us great and glorious, but, better still, famous because we will begin to tear down the walls that have kept us apart ; fampus because we will draw the North and the South and the East closer and nearer and more truly together. Drinking from the same fountain, drawing our inspiration of patriotism from a com- mon source, we will not be confined to the old couplet : " In fourteen hundred and ninety-two. Columbus crossed the ocean blue," but With less poetry and more sentiment, we will say : In eighteen hundred and ninety-two We will unite the grray and blue. [Loud applause.] Mr. Mason is a man of the people, and from experience knows their needs, their hopes and their ambitions, and enters heartily into any movement calculated to better their condition. Personally, .Mr. Mason was one of the most popular men in Congress, being under all circumstances a most genial and affable gentleman. The courtesy which has characterized him in his political and social life has won for him, in addition to the respect and admiration which men of genuine ability always command, the kindly regard of his associates. 164 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY A.\D PORTRAIT GALLERY. In the presidential campaign of 18S8, he became widely known as an effective political speaker, and during the hotly-contested campaign of 1890, in Ohio, in which he participated, he won renown as a campaign orator, who seldom failed to carry conviction to the minds of his auditors. In 1873, about the time he completed his law studies, Mr. Mason was married to Miss Edith Julia White, the accomplished daughter of Mr. Geo. White, a prominent citizen of Des Moines, Iowa. Mr. Mason is a man of domestic tastes, never happier than when by his fireside with his' inter- esting family of children and charming and esti- mable wife. Mrs. Mason, though much sought after in society, and though a cultured hostess, prefers to devote her time to household duties rather than to social pleasures. SAMUEL J. JONES. M.D., LL.D. CHICAGO, ILL. SAMUEL J. JONES, a native of Bainbridge, Pa., was born on March 22, 1836, the son of Dr. Robert H. and Sarah M. (Ekel) Jones. The father, who died in 1863, had been a practicing physician in Pennsylvania for thirty-three years. The mother belonged to one of the oldest families of the old town of Lebanon in that State. In early life, Samuel enjoyed a good educational advantage, and having finished his preparatory studies, at the age of seventeen entered Dickin- son College, at Carlisle, Pa., graduating with the degree of A. B. in 1857, being then twenty-one years of age. Three years later he received from his alma mater the degree of A. M., and in 1884 the same institution conferred upon him the degree of LL. D. He early decided to fit himself for the medical profession, and upon leaving college, with that purpose in view, spent three years in study under the preceptorship of his father, and in 1858 attended his fir.st course of lectures in the medical department of the University of Pennsyl- vania, graduating in i860, just thirty years after the graduation of his father from the same insti- tution. Being attracted to the United States naval service, by reason of its many advantages for the young practitioner, both professionally and otherwise, he submitted to a competitive ex- amination for the position of assistant surgeon, and being successful, received his appoint- ment just before the beginning of the War of the Rebellion. In April, 1861, he was ordered to the U. S. steam frigate "Minnesota," which sailed, under sealed orders, from Bo.ston on May 8, 1861, as the flag.ship of the Atlantic blockading squadron. Dr. Jones participated in the nav4l battle at Hatteras Inlet in August, 1861, which resulted in the capture of the Confederate forts, and ended the troublesome blockade-running at that point, and in which fifteen hundred prisoners were taken. It was the first naval battle in his- tory- in which steamships were used and kept in motion while in action. ' In Januaiy, 1862, he was temporarily detached from the " Minnesota " and detailed as surgeon of Flag Officer Goldsborough's staff on the Burnside and Goldsborough e.xpedition against Roanoke Island. After its capture he was assigned to duty as the staff surgeon of Commander Rowan in the expedition which resulted in the capture of New- bern, Washington, and other important points on the inner waters of North Carolina. Later he accompanied Lieut. Gushing, of " Albermarle" fame, and Lieut. Lamson in their operations on the Nansemond River for the relief of the Union forces then shut in by General Longstreet at Suffolk, Va. In the .spring of 1863 Dr. Jones was assigned to duty at Philadelphia, and there passed a second examination and was promoted to the grade of surgeon. He was next assigned to duty at Chicago, and there, in addition to his other duties, acted as examining surgeon of those desiring to enter the medical corps for the naval service on the Mississippi River. While here he visited the various military prisons, and examined and passed over three thousand Confederate prisoners who had asked to be shipped into the Government naval service. In 1864 he was ordered to the sloop-of-war " Portsmouth," of Admiral Farragut's West Gulf /TT^i^^, \ BIOGRAI'HICAL UICTIO.XAKV AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. 167 blockading squadron, but soon thereafter was assigned to duty as surgeon of the New Orleans Naval Hospital. In the fall of 1865, the war having closed, Surgeon Jones was sent to Pensa- cola, F"lorida, as surgeon of the navy yard and naval hospital, and remained until again assigned to duty at Chicago, in 1866. When the marine rendezvous there was closed, in 1867, he was ordered to the frigate " Sabine," a practice ship for naval apprentices cruising along the Atlantic coast. In 1868, desiring to engage in private practice, he tendered his resignation, which was accepted on the first of March of that year, and his con- nection with the navy closed, after eight years of active, and during mucli of the time hazardous, service. Upon lea\ing the Government service, Dr. Jones returned to Philadelphia, and was sent as a dele- gate from the American Medical Association to the meetings of the medical societies of Europe, being at the same time commissioned by Gov. Geary, of Pennsylvania, to report upon hospital and sanitary matters of England and the Conti- nent. He attended the meetings of the noted European medical societies at 0.\ford, Heidel- berg and Dresden, and at the last named place par- ticipated in organizing the first otological congress ever held. This was in September, 1868. He spent the remainder of that year visiting various parts of Europe, extending his investigation in medical and sanitary affairs, and giving especial attention to diseases of the eye and of the ear. He returned to the United States and established himself at the beginning of 1869 in private prac- tice at Chicago. During the same year he was elected president of the Board of Examining Sur- geons for United States pensions at Chicago, and was also made a member of the medical staff of St. Luke's Hospital, and there established a de- partment for treatment of diseases of the eye and of the ear, with which he has been connected since its establishment. In 1870 he was again accredited a delegate from the American Medical Association, to meetings of European associa- tions, and while abroad spent .several months in research and investigation. During the same year he was appointed to the chair of ophthal- mology and otology just e.stablished in North- western University [Chicago Medical College]. a professorship which he has continued to hold ever since. He also established an eye and car department at Mercy Hospital and another at the South Side Dispensary, and had charge of them for some ten years, and for a number of years was one of the attending staff of the Illinois Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary, located in Chicago. Dr. Jones has applied himself to the acquirement of knowledge pertaining to the special department to which he has devoted him- self for the past twenty years, and is recognized both by the medical profession and the public as authority on all matters pertaining to ophthalmol- ogy and otology. He has always stood high in the esteem of his professional brethren, and has been active and influential in their councils and deliberations. In 1876 he was a delegate from the Illinois State Medical Society to the Centennial International Medical Congress at Philadelphia. In 1881 he represented the Ameri- can Medical Association and the American Acade- my of Medicine at the Seventh International Medical Congress, at London, England. Again, in 1887. at the Ninth International Medical Con- gress, held in Washington, D. C, as president of the section of otology, he was ex-officio a member of the executive committee, whose duty it was to arrange for the preliminary organization of the congress. In 1889, at its thirteenth annual meeting, held in Chicago, Dr. Jones was elected president of the American Academy of Medicine, whose objects as stated in its constitution are : " First, to bring those who are alumni of col- legiate, scientific and medical schools into closer relations with each other. Second, to encourage )oung men to pursue regular courses of study in classical and scientific institutions, before entering upon the study of medicine. Third, to extend the bounds of medical science, to elevate the pro- fession, to relic\c human suffering, and to prevent disease." , Being himself a man of broad culture and extensive knowledge of the principles and prac- tice of medicine. Dr. Jones has labored untiringly to raise the standard of medical education to the highest plane, both by his work in the various societies and associations with which he is con- nected, and by his writings, which have frequently appeared in the medical journals. He was for scseral years editor of the Chicago Mciical Jour- 1 68 BIOuRAPIIICAL DICTIOXARY A.\D PORTRAIT GALLERY. nal and Examiner, one of the leading medical periodicals of this country. Dr. Jones is a man of fine physical proportion, with a rugged constitution. He is a man of fixed opinions, with a decided will power and strong determination, and by nature a leader. Courteous in manner, genial and generous, yet dignified in bearing, he has attracted to himself a wide and influential clientele in the special de- partment to which he has devoted himself, and enjoys the reward of his painstaking and con- scientious work. HENRY BEIDLER, CHICAGO, ILL. AMONG the great commercial interests of Chicago, none has developed more rapidly or brought to its promoters more substantial re- turns than the lumber trade. Being the center of a vast railroad system spreading out through the West and Northwest, Chicago has come to be the distributing point for the lumber products of the great pineries of Michigan and Wisconsin, whence it is brought via the great lakes and thence carried over this net-work of railroads. Of the men who have devoted themselves to this line of trade, few, it may truthfully be asserted, have at- tained to a higher place or reaped more substan- tial rewards than Henr>' Beidler, the subject of this biography. He is a native of Bucks county, Pennsylvania, and was born in the town of Bed- minster, on November 27, 1812, the son of Jacob and Susanna (Krout) Beidler. Both his father and grandfather (who, also, was named Jacob Beidler) were natives of Bucks county, Pennsyl- vania, and farmers by occupation. His father was also a carpenter by trade, and lived to the advanced age of eighty-nine years. The grand- father died in the year 1781, and was interred in Perkasie burying-ground in Hilltown township. Bucks county, Pennsylvania, where our subject, on a recent visit to his native place, erected to his memory a beautiful granite monument. The mother of our subject, also, was born in Bucks county, Pennsylvania, anfl died at the age of eighty years. Henr\- passed his boyhood and early manhood on the farm, receiving a good common-school education and laying the founda- tion of his financial success. It was here that he earned his first thousand dollars, a fact to which he points with pardonable pride. In the spring of 1843, attracted by the superior inducements offered in the West to young men of enterprise and thrift, he removed to the then sparsely settled State of Illinois, and located at Springfield in the grocery trade. After five years of success in this business, he, in 1848. re- moved to Chicago, and engaged in the lumber business in partnership with his brother, Jacob Beidler, who was then in business there. In 1855 Mr. Beidler went to Muskegon, Michigan, and took charge of the manufacturing branch of the firm's business there, his brother continuing in charge of the Chicago branch. The business rap- idly increased, and, under his careful management, brought to its promoters large returns, so that in 1876, our subject was enabled to retire from active participation in the business with an ample com- petence. At that time he returned to Chicago, where he has since made his home, and retained an interest in the business for several years, when the firm was dissolved by mutual consent. Since his retirement from active business, Mr. Beidler has spent much of his time in travel throughout all parts of his native land, and has also visited some foreign lands. During these travels he has collected a great variety of curiosities, consisting of rare shells, precious stones, etc., which he has preserved in a handsome cabinet at his home at No. 49 South Sangamon street. Throughout his life Mr. Beidler has been known for his business integrity and firm adherence to the strict princi- plesof justice and equity, so that wherever known, his word was regarded as good as his bond. He is a man of generous impulses, cheerful, genial, benevolent and charitable. Coming as he does of a long-lived ancestry, and having had regard to the laws of health throughout his life, he is now, at the age of eighty years, well preserved and hale and hearty, and able to enjoy the fruits of his labors. His political sentiments are Republi- ^9^ To ;- BIOGliAI'UlCAL DICTIOSARY A.\D PORTRAIT GALLERY 171 can, though he has never taken any part in politi- cal matters more than to perform his duties as a citizen. Mr. Beidler holds broad and liberal views on religious questions, and, with his family, is identified with the " People's Church " under the pastoral care of H. W. Thomas, D.D. Mr. Beidler was married on April 33, 1S60, to Miss Sarah Sammons, a daughter of Thomas Sammons, Esq., of Syracuse, N. Y. Mrs. Beidler died on October 2, 1886. She was a woman of many noble qualities, a fond and devoted wife and mother, and by her kindness and goodness of heart, her charities, and purity of life, endeareni herself to a large circle of friends. Of this union was born one son, Herbert A. Beidler, president of the Standard Elevator Company, of Chicago. CAPT. BENJAMIN M. MUNN, CHICAGO, ILL. AMONG the residents of Chicago who claim the Green Mountain State as the place of their nativity, many have become truly represen- tative citizens, and among these is the subject of this biography. He was born in West Fairlee, Orange county, Vermont, on February 11, 1826, and passed his youth and early manhood on his father's farm. After leaving the district schools, he attended Williams College, and after finishing his studies there he went to Boston, to study law with Col. Stickney, afterwards completing his law course with the Hon. William S. Holman, the well- known Indiana congressman. He was admitted to the bar in 1852, and then spent two years in teaching. During that time, he was principal of the Rising Sun, Indiana, Female Seminary, and of the Charleston, Illinois, Academy, and also had charge of one of the public schools in Galena, Illinois, where he became acquainted with Cap- tain U. S. Grant. In 1854, he began an active practice of law at Charleston, Illinois, and continued the same in that place and Litchfield, Illinois, until 1861. During his residence in central Illinois, he had as co-workers in the circuit such men as Abraham Lincoln, Governor Palmer, Leonard Sweet, S. T. Logan, and Benjamin Edwards, and he argued many important cases in the Federal Court, before Judge David Davis. At the o])ening of the war of the rebellion in 1 861, in response to the call of President Lincoln for men, Benjamin M. Munn, like a true son of the patriotic Green Mountain State and a worthy citizen of Illinois, left his business and volun- teered his services to his country. He enlisted as a private soldier, but was im- mediately elected Captain of Company D, 7th Regiment Illinois Infantry, and he holds the oldest captain's commission in the volunteer service. While in Springfiekl assisting in organizing the 7th Regiment, he suggested to Governor Vates that the man most needed in the organization of State Troops was Captain U. S. Grant, of Ga- lena, whom he had met while teaching in that place. The Governor immediately acted upon Captain Munn's suggestion, and called Captain Grant to Springfield, where he arrived a few days later, and since then the name and fame of Ulysses S. Grant have been sounded around the world. It is often true that the slightest and most trivial causes lead to great results. History records where the destiny of a nation has been changed by the effect of a single sentence, uttered thought- lessly, and it may be true that the suggestion offered to Governor Yates by Captain Munn, not only brought Grant into a position where he was able to utilize his remarkable ability and genius, but also gave to the country a leader who was enabled to unite a disrupted people, and bring peace and prosperity to us once more. During the fir.st year of the war. Captain Munn was in General Grant's command, and it may be stated here that Grant had no more faithful soldier under him than was he. In 1869, Captain Munn became a resident of Chicago, and during 1 872-73, was deputy collector of internal revenue, and afterwards was assistant corpora- tion counsel of Chicago, under the late Hon. Jesse O. Norton, and was acting counsel for 172 niOGRAFinCAL DICTIOXARY A.\D rORTRAIT GALLERY. several months. In all these different capacities, whether acting for the public or for individual clients, he has devoted himself to the conscientious discharge of his duty, and has always been faith- ful and honorable. He has the respect of all members of his profession, and is esteemed by his extensive and ever-increasing clientage. For many years, Mr. Munn, in connection with Mr. Thomas E. Davis, of Washington, D. C, made a specialty of internal revenue practice, and collected from the United States Government large sums of money which had been collected from brewers and distillers upon erroneous assess- ments under the internal revenue laws. Captain Munn, true to the principles that were ingrafted into his heart in boyhood days, princi- ples that he always believed were founded in justice and truth, has always been an uncompro- mising Republican, and a believer in and an advocate of Republican doctrines ; and, although he has always taken an active part in political campaigns, he has never sought any office or position. Such is the biography of a man who started in life with a capital consisting only of health, ambition and determination, and, who, using these qualities to good advantage, has not only reached a high place in his profession, but has also won the confidence and respect and esteem of his fellow-citizens. JAMES C ANDERSON, CHICAGO, ILL. IT would be impossible within the scope of a biographical sketch of this character, to more than outline the life-work of the prolific inventor and manufacturer, James Caldwell Anderson. The public records of the Patent Office of the United States give abundant evidence of his genius, and a full description of his inventions alone would take volumes if recorded separately. As a manufacturer, he stands, to-day, pre-emi- nently the leader in his chosen field of industry. Born in the Monongahela Valley, Pennsyl- vania, August 13, 1838, of American parentage, although of Scotch-Iri.sh descent, he developed from early childhood a passionate love of me- chanics, and the .playhouse of the child was a miniature workshop which was never abandoned, but grew in novel mechanical appliances with the man. So the playwhecls set in motion by the boy, developed into the most intricate and pow- erful machinery of the present time. Owing to the protracted illness and death of his father, he was; at the early age of sixteen, compelled to take a man's place and begin the struggle of life in earnest, which led up a few years later to la'rge manufacturing enterprises re- quiring much of construction and invention of versatile scope, among which was the metallurgy of steel and other metals. .'\dded to this experience was an ardent love for his native Pennsylvania hills, with their up- turned and tilted strata exposed to view with the other ores of the metals, abundant clay and clay shale deposits, rich in aluminum metal, appeal- ing to the inventor to solve the problem of its extraction, giving it such an irresistible charm that he pursued this line of investigation until it led to another invention of what is known as the dry clay process, by which brick and other like clay articles are manufactured with a beautj- of finish and solidity of texture never before at- tained. The invention involved numerous other inventions of powerful machinery, apparatus, and processes, for which he has been granted more than one hundred patents, and which has practi- cally revolutionized the art of brick making in this country. By the state of the art no brick were produced prior to Mr. Anderson's invention, having a body color other than that of the natural clay, and the clays of Chicago burned only a white or buff color, while the clays of Philadelphia, and adja- cent thereto, burned a beautiful red, a color then much sought after. Hence the red bricks from Philadelphia were shipped to this market at great cost. These circumstances induced Mr. Anderson to establish his first plant at Chicago, which was done in 1879, ^"^ which time Mr. .A^ndcrson, with BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTIiAIT GALLERY. 175 his family, became a resident of Highland Park, selecting this lovely suburb in Lake county for its high elevation above the lake and picturesque ravines, which reminded him of the hills and val- leys of his old Penns\-lvania home. Mr. Anderson possesses the rare combination of talents, which denotes not only an eminent inventor, but also an excellent business man. He is an indefatigable and ceaseless worker, one who is never more happy than when busily employed in solving some knotty problem in mechanics, or making improvements in the various devices in which clays are a prominent factor. Having in- domitable will power and a keen insight into character, he is a master among men. The soul of honor, he is thoroughly scrupulous in all his transactions. An artist by nature, the bent of his mind is decidedly artistic. A genial, modest, and refined gentleman, it is not surprising that Mr. Anderson possesses so many warm friends and admirers, while his hospi- tality is proverbial, and his interest on behalf of those who need it, is both practical and sincere. Eminent as an inventor, and highly esteemed by all who enjoy his personal acquaintance, James Caldwell Anderson has carved for himself a prom- inent place in the temple of fame. The architect of his own fortunes, he has given to the world, in his inventions, a legacy that will perpetuate his memory among many generations yet to come. He was married, July 26, i860, to Amanda S. Birmingham, of Westmoreland county, Pennsyl- vania, daughter of Dr. Samuel Birmingham. Two children, a daughter and son, were born unto them. Lillie Eva married Dr. Charles F. Mc- Gahan, now of Chattanooga, Tennessee ; James Franklin married Jennette L. Lewis, of Racine, Wisconsin, and resides at Highland Park, Illinois. HKXRV IVES COBB, CHICAGO. ILL HEXRV IVES COBB was born in Brook- line, Massachusetts. Having received a thorough preliminary education, he entered Har- vard University, taking the literary and scientific course. His preliminary architectural training was received at the Massachusetts institute of Technology and in Europe. Entering the office of one of the leading architects of Boston, he soon rose to a prominent position among the architects of the United States. In 1881. he visited Chicago and designed and superintended the construction of the Union Club House. The demand which then arose for his services was such as to warrant him in locating there perma- nently. Since that time he has ranked as one of the most skillful architects in this country. In 1882, Mr. Cobb married Miss Emma M. Smith, a daughter of the late Augustus Smith, Esq., a prominent attorney of New York City. They have six children : Henry Ives, Jr., Cleve- land, Leonore, Candler, Elliot and Priscilla. Mr. Cobb is one of the National Board of Architects of the World's Columbian Exposition, 1893. Among the many notable buildings which Mr. Cobb has designed, and which are conspicuous monuments to his skill and enterprise, are the Owings building, Adams and Dearborn streets, Chicago, a magnificent structure, and where his offices are located ; the Chicago Opera House, the Kinzie Hotel, the St. Charles Roman Catholic Buildings, the Chicago Athletic Association Club House, the Newberry Library building, and Cook County Abstract building. Outside of Chicago may be mentioned as the work of Mr. Cobb; The Knoxville Hotel, Knoxvillc, Tenn., probably the largest building in that State ; the Bishop Hospital, Pittsficld, Mass.; the South San Francisco Co. buildings, a whole town of build- ings designed by him, at South San Francisco, California; Blackstonc Memorial buildings, Brantford, Conn.; Donald Fletcher's residence, Denver, Colorado; Watkin's Bank building, Lawrence, Kansas, one of the finest structures in the State. He has been a great traveler, having traveled over the civilized world, and has visited every important library in making a study of libraries. Every other year he goes to Europe for study, research and investigation in connection with professional work. 176 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY A.\D PORTRAIT GALLERY. For about five years, beginning with 1882, he had a partner and conducted his business under the firm name of Cobb and Frost. Since the year 1887, however, he has been in business by himself. Mr. Cobb is a man of robust constitution, easy, graceful demeanor, cool and deliberate, yet active and energetic, a man who involuntarily impresses his hearers with his ir tellectual worth. He is a member of the Chicago, Universitj- and Union Clubs and president of the Mascoutah Kennel Club of Chicago. SAMUEL PARKER HEDGES. I\LD., CHICAGO, ILL. AS early as 1730, there came to America an English family by the name of Hedges. There was also another English family here be- fore the Revolutionary war, which was noted in the person of Sir Charles Parker, who com- manded a fleet before Boston harbor in that war. Sprung from this brave ancestry were, respec- tively, Elias S. Hedges and Rebecca Parker, from whose union came the subject of this sketch. Samuel Parker Hedges was born July 23, 1841, in Sinclairsville, Chautauqua county, New York. After graduating from the public schools he pre- pared for college at the Jamestown Academy. He had just entered the office of his uncle, Dr. W. S. Hedges, of Jamestown, to begin the study of medicine, when there was issued by President Lincoln a call for additional soldiers to carry on the late Civil war. A true patriot, he laid aside his books and enlisted as a private in the one hundred and twelfth regiment of New York Vol- unteer Infantry, entering service on the 23d day of July, 1862, the same being his twenty-first birthday. From private to sergeant and orderly- sergeant, were quick promotions. His superior officers being disabled he commanded his com- pany in the battle of the Deserted House, and won a second lieutenant's commission. Soon after, he was made aide-de-camp on the staff of Brigadier-General R. S. P'oster, and later, first lieutenant and adjutant of his regiment. In 1864, Foster's brigade, under the command of Gen. Butler, was operating on the James River, and on May i6th of that year, Lieut. Hedges was captured by the confederates. Three weeks in Libby Prison, two months at Macon, five weeks at Savannah and two months at Charleston, S. C, exposed to the Union batteries, were followed by a winter in the open fields across Siluda Ri\er. After ten months, the confederates, unable to provide even the most wretched fare for the four- teen hundred prisoners, offered a parole if they would bind themselves to abstain from service against the confederacy. Not a man would take the oath, and they were finally turned loose nine miles from Wilmington, North Carolina. When Lieut. Hedges went into prison his weight was one hundred and forty pounds. On the day he dragged himself to Wilmington he weighed barely eighty-seven pounds, and he has never en- tirely recovered from the effects of his captivit\-. He closed his career under the Union flag as captain of his company. After the war he resumed the study of medi- cine in the Cleveland Homceopathic College, tak- ing his degree in 1867, at Hahnemann Medical College, Chicago, where, from 1869 to 1874, he filled the chair of general and descriptive anato- my. In 1887 and in 1890, he was made chair- man of the Bureau of Gynaechologj* in the American Institute of Homceopathy. He was secretary and president of the Cook County Homoeopathic Medical Society, and has been president of the Illinois State Homoeopathic Medical Society, and an esteemed member of many others. Dr. Hedges has traveled all over the United States and Canada, but it was in his native State that he found his wife, Miss Rachel Danforth, daughter of Dr. E. H. Danforth, of Jamestown. Mrs. Hedges, a graduate of Mt. Holyoke Sem- inary, is devoted to her domestic affairs, and is highly valued in her church, and as a Bible teacher. From this union have been born nine children, of whom five are now living, viz. : Corinna, aged si.xteen ; William E., aged fifteen ; Robert D., aged thirteen : Grace, aged twelve. BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. 179 and Samuel G.. aged seven. Dr. Hedges has one brother who lives in Dakota, and who is surveyor of his county, and an irrigation engineer. In 1872, Dr. Hedges was made a Master Ma- son at the Lincoln Park Lodge, No. 611. He has always been a staunch Republican, although non-partisan. Probably in no capacity is Ur. Hedges more appreciated than as a church-member. He is an Elder and Sunday-School Superintendent in the First Presbyterian Church, of Lake View, and is known as an earnest and active worker, and a generous giver to every worthy cause. As a physician, he ranks among the eminent of his profession ; as a man, he is honored and trusted, and beloved by all who know him. WARREN F. LELAND, CHICAGO, ILL. THE subject of this sketch is one of seven brothers whose name and fame have be- come world-wide in connection with elegant, finely appointed hotels. He is a native of the Green Mountain State, and was born at Landgrove, June i, 1845, the son of Aaron P. and Submit (Arnold) Leland, both of whom were natives of New England. Aaron P. Leland was an extensive stage proprie- tor and mail contractor fifty years ago, and well known in the New England States and New York as an energetic, thorough-going business man, and about 1810 Simeon Leland, his father, opened the Green Mountain Coffee House. His great- grandfather, the Rev. Aaron Leland, was a noted Baptist minister and author, of Berkshire county, Mass. He was a man of large brain, great sagac- ity and strong will power, and had a great influence among the common people of western Massachusetts in the early days of the Republic. In 1801 he sent Thomas Jefferson, then just seated in the presidential chair, a cheese, out of pure regard for the author of the Declaration of Independence. The Leland family came origi- nally from England, two brothers coming to this country' soon after the settlement of Plymouth and Boston. The maternal grandfather of our subject was Judge Samuel Arnold, of London- derry, V^ermont, an eminent jurist of his day. When our subject was quite young, the family removed to Ohio, and afterwards to New York. Grandfather Simeon Leland had si.\ sons, Lewis, Aaron P., Simeon, William, Warren and Charles. The last four became noted and successful hotel- keepers. Of these si.x, but one is now (1892) alive, viz., Warren Leland, formerly of the Grand Union Hotel of Saratoga, now Oglethorpe Hotel, Bruns- wick, Ga. The father of our subject, Aaron P. Leland, ultimately located near Newburgh, Ohio, and engaged in stock raising. Our subject's brothers were: John, who died at an early age; Lewis, formerly of the Sturtevant House, New York City ; Horace, of the Sturtevant, and also of the Leland Hotel, at Springfield, Illinois, who died in August, 1889; George S., formerly of the Sturtevant, who died in August, 1881 ; Jerome, formerly of the Sturtevant, and the Columbian, at Saratoga, New York, who died in April, 1884, and Charles E., proprietor of the Delevan, at Albany, the Clarenden, at Saratoga, New York, and the Portland Hotel, at Portland, Oregon. In 1852 Warren, being then fifteen years old, went to New York City and took a humble posi- tion in the Metropolitan Hotel, of which his four uncles were then proprietors. Beginning in the store-room, he was gradually promoted until, in 1866, he had the honor of holding the position of room clerk. In that year he went, in connection with his brother Horace, and opened the Leland Hotel, of Springfield, Illinois, but in 1867 re- turned to the East and took the position of chief office man in the Delevan House at Albany, New York, of which his brothers, Charles E. and Lewis, were proprietors. In 1872 he became a partner in the business, and remained there until 1880, when he sold his interest to his brother Charles, his brother Lewis having previously withdrawn from the firm. Removing to Chicago in 1881, Mr. Leland purchased the Gardiner House property, reconstructed the interior, hand- somely refitted and furnished it. and opened what has since been known as the Leland Hotel. I So BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. As a business venture, the enterprise has been eminently successful and profitable, the invest- ment having more than doubled in value. Mr. Leland was married December i6, 1868, to Miss Lsabella C. Cobb, of Cleveland, Ohio, a lady of education and refinement. They have four children, viz.: Warren, Fannie A., Ralph C. and Helen M. Mr. Leland is a member of the Calumet Club, Washington Park and Kenwood Clubs, and of the Masonic order, being a Knights Templar. He is identified with the Republican party, and takes much interest in local and national politics, but has always declined ofifice, both civil and political. He holds to the Protestant faith in religious matters, but is not identified with any denomina- tion, being somewhat liberal in his views. Mr. Leland was largely instrumental in procur- ing the location of the last three national conven- tions at Chicago, viz.: the Republican and Demo- cratic conventions of 1884, and the Republican convention of 1888. He also took a prominent part in securing the location of the World's Co- lumbian E.xposition at Chicago. He has taken an active interest in preserving the Lake Front Park, and has been tireless in his efforts to pre- vent encroachment thereon. The Leland Hotel is located at the corner of Michigan avenue and Jackson street, overlooking this park, and giving a delightful view of Lake Michigan. Mr. Leland is a genial, companionable gentle- man, with quick perception in looking after the details of his business, always watching for the comfort and welfare of his guests. His hotel is always in perfect order, and it is but just to say that the " Leland " of Chicago, for home com- forts and good living, is second to no hotel on the American continent. It is wonderfully popular with the traveling public, and particularly with that large class whose opportunities aptly qualify them to be judges of what constitutes a good hotel in all its appointments and equipments — the commercial travelers. All unite in saying the " Leland" is one of the finest. ABRAM WILLIAMS, CHICAGO, ILL. OF all the prominent insurance companies and their managers, located or having Western departments in Chicago, there are none more prominent, more successful, or better known than is the subject of this sketch — Abram Williams, born March 31, 1830, at Utica, N. Y. His father was Abraham B. Williams, one of the State Canal Commissioners. His paternal grand- father was a prominent minister amongst the Baptist denomination of that State ; he came to this country from Chester, England, in 1795; his mother was Olive Barnum, of Danbury, Con- necticut, daughter of Ezra Barnum, a clergyman, who took active part in the Revolutionary war. Educated in the common schools and acade- mies of his native town, Utica, N. Y., at the age of fourteen young Williams left school, having acquired a good common school education, and being desirous of making his own way in life, for, on the death of his father, in 1844 (our subject being just then fourteen years of age), the task of supporting a family of five children devolved upon his mother, who, be it said to her credit, carried out this task in an exemplary and thor' ough manner. One of his brothers. Nelson G., being educated at West Point, afterwards be- came colonel of the Third Iowa Regiment, and was promoted to brigadier-general for gal- lant service at the battle of Shiloh. His three sisters have all done well, received a good educa- tion and have been prominent in their own circles generally. Deciding to try his luck in the great city of New York, young Williams, with but a few dol- lars in his pocket, proceeded there, and after much effort — for he was young and inexperienced — he obtained a situation with Peter Murray, im- porter of fancy goods, notions, etc., Maiden Lane, New York City, remaining here for a number of years. Subsequently he became a a buyer for Wm. H. Cary & Co., who conducted a business of a similar nature, and in 1852 formed the house of Sheldon, Harris & Williams, Liberty street, New York. This business grew in ^<^^:_^-^ BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. 231 which department lie had shown a very higli de- gree of skill and talent. A few years later he was given the professorship of medical and surgical diseases of women, and was made Dean of the College Faculty, in both of which capacities he has rendered inestimable service and endeared himself to all who have come within his kindly influence. Some idea of the relation in which he stands to the college is to be had from the words of a writer well known to the medical world : "A watchful guardian of its interests, and a liberal contributor to its resources, he has labored con- stantly to elevate its standard to the highest available plane, and to increase its usefulness to the fullest possible extent." To the subject of gynaecology. Dr. Ludlam has from the first given very close attention, availing himself not only of all the resources of this country, but spending some years of pains- taking labor and stud\- abroad in order to make himself complete master of the subject. His suc- cess has been unbounded, particularly in the de- partment of uterine surgery, his services in diffi- cult operations being constant!)- required all over the Northwest, and his authority in consultation acknowledged throughout the countr\-. In 1869, Dr. Ludlam was chosen president of the American Institute of Homceopathy, presided over its deliberations at Boston, and delivered the annual oration entitled, "The Relation of Woman to Homceopathy." Among other honors con- ferred upon him was the presidency of the Chi- cago Academy of Medicine, of the Illinois Homoeopathic Medical Society, and of the West- ern Institute of Homoeopathy. In 1870, he was offered the position of physician-in charge to the Home Infirmary of New York City, and also that of professor of obstetrics and diseases of women and children in the New York Homoeopathic Medical College, both of which honors he de- clined. In 1871, he became a member of the medical department of the Relief and Aid Society, which performed such gigantic cleemos- ynarj' work after the great Chicago fire. Such has been a part of his public activity in this immediate vicinity. In the organization of the State Hoard of Health in 1877. Dr. Ludlam was called upon by Governor Cullom to serve. He has served ever since, and is the only homoeo- pathic physician on the Board, having been re- appointed twice. It is probable that Dr. Ludlam is best known to the world at large as a writer. A great reader, an accomplished linguist, pos- sessed of an inexhaustible fund of humor and anecdote, he has added to the acknowledged scientific worth of his contributions the charm of a clear and graceful style. For six years, begin- ning with i860, he was editorially connected with the North American Journal of Hom(£opath}\'^\i\t- lished in New York City, and for nine years with the United States Medical and Surgical Journal. published in Chicago. Vor many years he has acted as editor of the Clinique, a monthly ab- stract of the work of the Clinical Society of Hahnemann Hospital. One of the most impor- tant of his contributions to this paper was that entiried "Clinical Observations Based on Fi\c Hundred Abdominal Sections." Dr. Ludlam's great work "Clinical and Didactic Lectures on the Diseases of Women," published in 1871, is now in its seventh edition. It is an octavo of over one thousand pages, employed as a text-book in all homceopathic colleges, and is accepted as authority by homceopathic physicians both here and in Europe. In return for the com- pliment paid him by the French in the translation of this work into their language, Dr. Ludlam undertook, and most successful!)- performed the task of rendering in English a \-ery valuable work entitled "A Volume of Lectures on Clinical Medi- cines," by Dr. Jousset, of Paris. In 1863 appeared a volume entitled "A Course of Clinical Lectures on Diphtheria," written by Dr. Ludlam, which was the first strictly medical work ever published in Chicago, securing to its author an enduring name in the history of this city. Dr. Ludlam is very much absorbed by his pro- fession, pursuing it with all the enthusiasm which an artist gives to art. And, indeed, in his hands it has been made an art. A wide acquaintance with literature, a love for music and sympathy with all that elevates and .softens, and above all a very comprehensive knowledge and affection for mankind, have given to his professional work the inimitable finish of culture, and made of it in truest .sense the art of healing. Dr. Ludlam has been twice married, his first wife, Anna M. Porter, of Greenwich, New Jersey, dying three years after marriage. By his second wife, whose maiden name was Harriet G. Par\in, 2\2 niOCjRAFIlICAL DICTIOXARY A.\D PORTRAIT GALLERY. he has one son. Dr. Reuben Ludlam, Jr., is a young physician of great promise. His early education was obtained in the best schools of this city. He began the study of medicine under the preceptorship of his father, and in 1886 gradu- ated with honor from the Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital, of Chicago. Going abroad immediately after graduation,, he spent a very profitable year in the hospitals of London and Paris. Upon his return he entered into practice with his father and assumed a responsible position in the Hahnemann Hospital. Peculiar interest has naturally been felt in the advent of this young physician, and it is high praise to say that he has fulfilled all that had been expected of him. With concentration uncommon in one of his age, he has disregarded the attractions of society and the many distractions of youth and has put all his energies into his profession. A large part of the father's extensive practice has been trans- ferred to the younger shoulders, and in that in which the elder is .so eminent the assistance of the son has become invaluable. No praise is too high for the way in which he has assisted and relieved his father in the ever increasing cares of his busy life. Dr. Ludlam, Jr., is an expert operator, his taste inclining to the specialty with which his father is identified. He is a fine French scholar, owing to his residence abroad as well as to previ- ous study, and has made a number of translations from the French for various medical journal.s. Finely educated, a close and con.stant student, devoted with all the intensity of natural pre- dilection to his profession, it is with him but a question of years until he shall stand in the fore- most ranks of Chicago's medical men. JOHN CUDAHY, CHICAGO, ILL. JOHN CUDAHY, a member of the well-known firm of Cudahy Brothers, is one of the most prominent and highly respected families resident in Chicago. The Cudahys, through their con- nection with the packing industry, are known the world over as self-made men and founders of their own fortunes. It would be difficult to men- tion the name of any one who would better serve to illustrate, as an example of what perseverance, indomitable energy, and a determination to suc- ceed (oftentimes in thi: face of seemingly insuper- able difficulties) can do, than does the name of Cudahy. Gradually rising, step by step, each position increasing in responsibility, their fortunes becom- ing proportionately advanced, until at length they are numbered among the millionaires of this great city, they are able to look back upon their successful careers with truly natural pride, for theirs is a record the emulation of which would be honorable, and its results beneficial to the pub- lic at large. He was born at Callan, Count\- Kilkenny, Ire- land, November 2, 1843. John Cudahy is the son of Patrick and Elizabeth (Shaw) Cudahy. llis father was a native of Callan. while his mother's people, the Shaws, were residents of Dublin, after- ward removing to Callan, where they established pottery works. Believing this country to offer the better advantages for the bringing up and placing in position of a young family, in 1849 o"'' subject's parents moved hither, and after a short time spent in the East, they removed to Milwau- kee, Wis., in the public schools of which city, working occasionally between times, young Cud- ahy received his education, and when between fourteen and fifteen years of age entered the pack- ing house of Ed. Roddis, remaining in his employ until about nineteen years of age, when he entered the employ of John Plankinton (afterward of Plankinton & Armour), remaining in the latter position about one and one-half years. When tw enty-one years of age, he became en- gaged in the nursery business with Mr. Thomas Grynne, of Milwaukee, dealing in fruit and orna- mental trees, etc., occupying the position of fore- man for three sea.sons, at the end of which time he made a proposition of purchase to the proprie- tors, the terms of which and their acceptance are ample evidence of the great confidence in which he was held, not only by his former employers, but bv his neighbors in general, while at the same BIOOK.U'UICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. 235 time it illustrates complete self-reliance and his confidence of success. He purchased the nursery, its stock, wagons, horses, etc., paying but a small sum down. Continuing this business three years, iluring which time he cleared every vestige of the debt, in addition to inaking no small sum, this was the first venture in which he made money, and from this date his success continued, though in a varying degree. Returning to the packing inilustry, he was em- ployed by Layton & Co., packers, for the three following years. During this period ties of friendship were formed between employer and employe, which time has served to .strengthen rather than weaken, and Mr. Cudahy takes pleas- ure in expressing his appreciation of the kindness shown him by Mr. Layton. While still in the employ of Layton & Co. he was appointed Board of Trade provision inspector for the city of Mil- waukee, afterward being foreman and Board of Trade inspector for V'^an Kirk & McGeough, oc- cupying these joint positions for some two years. In the spring of 1875 he purchased an interest in John I'lankinton's packing business, but he soon afterward decided that he wanted a wider field of operation, and through the intercession of his brother Michael, between whom and Mr. Plankin- ton there has always existed strong ties of friend- •ihip, he was released from the contract, and in July of the same year removed to Chicago, form- ing a co-partnership with E. D. Chapin, under the firm name of Chapin & Co., packers, and so remained for two years, when the firm name was changed to Chapin & Cudahy, this partnership continuing altogether about five years, when Mr. Chapin withdrew, since which time Mr. Cudahy has continued the business alone, being also in partnership with his brother Patrick (Cudahy Bros., packers, Milwaukee), they having succeeded some three years ago to the business of John Plankinton, who retired from business. Prominent in social affairs, he is a member of the Washington Park Club, the Union League Club and the Chicago Club. Mr. Cudahy has been twice married — Oct. i, 1873, to Miss Mary Nolan, of Bridgeport, Conn., the issue of this marriage being four girl.s, two being deceased, while the remaining two — Misses Bessie and Julia— are at present being educated at Manhattanvilic, N. Y. Mr. Cudahy marrii^ again (in 1882) — Miss Mar- garet F. O'Neill, daughter of Mr. John O'Neill, a prominent citizen and one of Chicago's oldest settlers, and who died some three years ago. Two children have been the issue of this marriage, onl\- one of whom — John R. — is living, and is now nine years of age. Possessing a host of friends amongst the most prominent of Chicago's citizens, and many ad- mirers amongst the poorer classes (many of whom he has repeatedly befriended), we cannot perhaps do better than state what has been said concern- ing him by one of our most prominent and con- spicuous citizens : " Quick and shrewd to detect a fraud or sham, he is prompt and outspoken in his condemnation ; yet he is genuine and sincere and thougiitfu! of his friends. As a business man he is bright and clear in judgment, of quick perception, prompt and unhesitating in action. The fact of his having accumulated so handsome, if not so vast, a fortune, and while yet in the prime of life, is ample evi- dence of the correctness of nis general business methods and characteristics. At his home, where the furnishings and appointments are luxurious and betoken much taste and mature judgment, his wife presides and aids her husband in dis- pensing a hospitality, open-hearted and whole- souled on his part and truly graceful and gen- erous on hers." He is a large contributor to all public enter- prises for the improvement and advancement of the city and the community at large. His own and his wife's list of charities would be far too large to enumerate here, for probably no private individual contributes more frequently or more generously to the advancement of religion and for the benefit of the poor, for the thousand and one charitable orders and charitable enterpri.ses which are fostered by the church to which he belongs ; but his generosity is by no means con- fined to those of his own faith, but every good and commendable effort to aid those who need it finds in him a generous support and a jiractical sympathizer. His summer home on Mackinac Island is beau- tifully situated, and, like his home in the city, is a centre of hospitality for all friends who may happen to be on the island during the season. " Personally, the Cudahy brothers are all mag- 236 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY AND PORTRAIT GALLERY. nificent specimens of physical manhood, being this city and state, and a useful and influential large, well-proportioned, handsome men, and member of society ; a man who is esteemed and John Cudahy is no exception. A typical Irish- respected not only by a large circle of friends, but man of the better class, he is a valuable citizen of by the community at large." GEORGE HENRY WHEELER, CHICAGO, ILL. THE subject of our present sketch, George Henr>- Wheeler, was born at La Porte. Ind., August I, 1841. He is a son of Hiram Wheeler, who was born in New Haven, Vt., and Julia Smith Wheeler, born in New York City. Fore- seeing the probabilities and opportunities of the great West, Mr. Wheeler, Sr., in 1832 removed to the new and remote settlement of La Porte, Ind. Remaining there for about nine years, he then re- moved to St. Joseph, Mich., where he was located for over eight years. Chicago, then a small town at the head of Lake Michigan, began to attract attention and gave every indication, even at this early day, of becoming in the near future a city of considerable importance. In 1849 Mr. Wheeler determined upon removing thither with his family and accordingly did so. Our subject then was ei"ht years of age. His early education was ac- quired in the public school of this city, and in 1856 he completed a business course at Racine College, Wis. In i860 he entered into the grain elevator business with his father and in 1867 he was ad- mitted into the partnership of Munger. Wheeler & Co., which firm possessed an enviable reputa. tion and were among the wealthiest and largest receivers of grain in Chicago. Mr. Wheeler re- mained with this firm, connected with the active management of the house, up to 1889, at which period the firm sold out to an English syndicate. At the annual meeting of the Chicago City Rail- way Company in Januarj', 1891, he was elected president. He has also been president of the Washington Park Club for the past three years. He is a member of the Chicago and other clubs, and is a director of the World's Columbian E.\- position and the Continental National Bank of Chicago. By faith he is an Episcopalian ; in politics he is a Republican. Mr. Wheeler was married in 1864 to Miss Alice I. Lord, daughter of Gilderoy Lord, a prominent citizen of Watertown. New York. They have two children, namely, Henry Lord and Mabel. In manner Mr. Wheeler is genial and generous, and possesses a host of friends. With thousands of men under his supervision, we are but stating what is an actual fact when we say that they are satisfied with the kind treatment received at his hands, and highly regard him for his manly quali- ties of heart and mind. DANIEL J. AVERY, CHICAGO, ILL. THE subject of this narrative was born in Brandon, Rutland county, Vermont, on the 1st day of December, 1836. His grand- father, Daniel Avery, came to Brandon from Nor- wich, Conn., about the year 1790. He belonged to the original family of his name who immi- grated from England and took up their abode near New London, Connecticut. They are the lineal descendants of the famous Sir William Avery, who was knighted for courage upon the battle-field by William the Conqueror. Mr. Avery, through his paternal grandmother, is a descendant, in the seventh generation, of John Alden and Priscilla Mullins. His maternal grandmother was one of the well-known family of Congdons, of Providence, Rhode Island. During the American Revolution the Averys were staunch rebels, as will be evidenced by the BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. 239 inscription on the monument erected by the State of Connecticut to the memory of those patriots wlio fell in the massacre at F"ort Griswold on tlie 6th of September, 1781. When the British, un- der command of the traitor, Benedict Arnold, burned the towns of New London and Groten, spreading desolation and woe throughout the region, among the eighty-five who fell in the massacre there were nine Averys, all members of the same family, their names being Daniel Avery, Elijah Avery, Ebenezer Avery, Solomon Avery. Jasper Aver\', Elisha Aver)', David Avery, Chris- topher Aver)-, and Thomas Avery. The father of Daniel J. Avery removed from Vermont to Lake county, Illinois, in 1843, when the subject of this sketch was in his seventh year. Here he lived until he went to VVaukegan, where he attended the academy of which Judge Fran- cis E. Clark was the principal. In school he was studious, apt and eager to learn, and there laid the foundations of the success and triumphs of his later years. After leaving the Academy he settled in Chicago in 1S57, and entering the office of Judge James B. liradwell began the study of law, living in the famil\- of the Judge for one year. He was a close and diligent student, and by constant and continued hard study acquired a superior knowledge of the law, and in 1859 passed a most satisfactory examination before the Hon. Ebenezer Peck, Judge Corydon Beckwith, and the Hon. Norman B. Judd. He was recommended by them to the Supreme Court, and then and there regularly admitted to the bar. His license was signed by Judge John D. Caton, Sidney Breeze, and P. H. Walker. From 1859 until 1862 Mr. Avery enjoyed a large share of professional business. When the civil war broke out he laid down the pen, and taking up the sword responded to the call of patri- otism. He enlisted in Company G.One Hundred and Thirteenth Regiment Illinois Volunteers In- fantry, and served with courage and distinction, being in the battle of Chickasaw Bluff, under Sherman, in December, 1862. and Arkansas Post, January, 1863, where from continued exposure and deprivations his health failed and he was sent to Lawson Hospital at St. Louis, Missouri, where, on account of .serious illness, he was compelled to remain until October, 1863, at which time he received an honorable discharge, upon the recommendation of Col. George D. Hodge, commanding his regiment. Returning to Chicago, he resumed the practice of law and formed a partnership with Mr. Eben V. Runyan March i, 1864. The extensive practice of the firm increasing very rapidly, Mr. E. F. Comstock, and Mr. M. B. Loomis were ad- mitted to the partnership in 1868. During the succeeding five years Mr. Avery conducted the chancery department of the firm, and in 1880 was appointed Master in Chancery of the Superior Court of Cook county, which position he re- tained by reappointment for seven years. Mr. Avery's career at the bar has been eminently suc- cessful, and he is ranked among the distinguished men of Chicago. In politics he has always been a staunch and zealous Republican, always taking an active part in the campaigns and promoting the interests of his party by word and example. He was for five years a member of the Cook County Republican Central Committee, and for one year its chairman. He is one of the prominent Masons of the country. He was initiated in Hesperian Lodge, 411, A. F. & A. M., and served three years as its Worshipful Master, and has been District Deputy Grand Marshal of the Grand Lodge for the sec- ond district of Illinois for fifteen years. He is also a member of Washington Chapter, R. A. M., Appollo Commandery, No. i, of Illinois Oriental Consistory, and co-ordinate bodies, S. P. R. S., and Medina Temple of the Mystic Shrine of the A. A. N. M. S. In 1874 he assisted in the organ- ization of the Northwestern Masonic Aid Associ- ation of Chicago, was elected to the office of Pres- ident the same year, and has been re-elected each succeeding year. Mr. Avery continued in the practice of law un- til 1887, when the business of the Association had increased to such proportions that the board of trustees demanded that he should apply his entire time to its business, so successful had he been in its management. Since then he has con- fined himself to this work and has met with phe- nomenal success. He was one of the charter members of the La Salle Club, and has been a member of the Illinois Club for the past ten years. Mr. Avery has traveled extensively throughout 240 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. the United States, having visited thirty-nine of them either on business or pleasure during his lifetime. He has also crossed the Atlantic Ocean, spending two months traveling through the Brit- ish Islands and France. He was married on the 23rd of October, 1867, to Miss Mary Comstock, but was called upon to mourn her loss five years later. In May, 1874, he married Miss Kate Ellis, of Colton, New York. Mr. Avery's life has been one untiring struggle in the cause of humanity, relieving the widows and orphans in distress, and his high moral tone and sterling integrity have won for him the love and admiration of all who know him. N. W. HARRIS, CHICAGO, ILL. AMONG the numerous banking institutions of Chicago, that of N. \V. Harris & Co. stands high in its specialty, viz., dealing in mu- nicipal bonds, etc. This house undoubtedly does the largest business of any house in the West, and probably the largest of any in the United States. Norman W. Harris is the head of this house, being both the founder, and, since its or- ganization, the controlling spirit in same. He was born in Becket, Massachusetts, August 15, 1846, and is the son of Nathan Waite and C. Emeline (Wadsworth) Harris. The town of Becket, in which our subject was born, was origi- nally ceded to four or six individuals, among whom was his mother's great-grandfather. His paternal great-grandfather came to America from France and served in the Revolutionary War, and in the local cemetery are buried four generations of the family. Mr. Harris' parents are still living at an advanced age in Becket, Massachusetts, and he has also two brothers and a sister living. One of his brothers, Dwight J., being associated with him in the banking business in Chicago. When eighteen years of age he held a position as soliciting agent for a life insurance com- pany at Cincinnati, Ohio. Two years later he was the general agent of the Equitable Life As- surance Society, at Cincinnati. In that year he organized the Union Central Life Insurance Com- pany, and became its secretary and general man- ager, and continued such for thirteen years, when, on account of threatened ill-health, he resigned, disposed of his interests in the company and went to Europe for rest and recreation. At the time of his leaving he was the largest individual stock- holder in his company, which was the second largest in the West, and now has assets of over S6,cxx),ooo. Returning from Europe in 1881, he located in Chicago, and established the banking house of N. W. Harris & Co., which has branch houses at 15 Wall street. New York, and 70 State street, Boston. This house and its branches do a business covering transactions of over $20,000,000 per annum, and make a specialty of dealing in state, county and city bonds, their business ex- tending throughout the United States. Mr. Harris is a member of the Union League Club. He is one of the trustees of the North- western University, and is a prominent member of the Methodist Church, while he is also connected with many societies of a charitable and benevolent nature. Extremely fond of traveling, he has been through Europe twice, and has also traveled ex- tensively in this country. He was married Janu- ary I, 1867, to Miss Vallandingham, of Cincin- nati, Ohio, who died in 1874. In 1879 he was married to Miss Emma S. Gale, daughter of Dr. J. G. Gale, of Newton, New Hampshire. She is a great-granddaughter of Dr. Josiah Bartlett, at one time Governor of that state, and one of the sign- ers of the Declaration of Independence. They have four sons and one daughter. Mr. Harris has contributed to the architecture of Chicago by building a brown-stone house on Drexel boule- vard, where the family now reside. Mr. Harris is a man of robust health, strong constitution, and fine physique, being tall and well proportioned. Though his early education was somewhat limited, he possesses a good mind and is unusually well informed upon the current literature of the day, and with matters of public interest generally. Of a quiet disposition, he possesses exceedingly strong domestic tastes, and BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY A.\D PORTRAIT GALLERY. 243 is much attached to his home, which he heartily enjoys. He is a shrewd, active and energetic business man, well informed on all matters of finance, and has a spotless reputation. Affable and genial in manner, he has a large circle of friends and acquaintances, and may justly be called one of Chicago's representative business men. HON. E. A. OTIS, CHICAGO, ILL. THE circumstances attendant upon the birth of an individual, and the manner in which he is reared, do not always shape that individual's future, or do they emphasise it to the extent that natural ability, education and experience invari- ably do. To form an estimate of his success it is necessary to know what he has accomplished. The subject of this biography, the Hon. E. A. Otis, was born at Marengo, Calhoun county, Michigan, August 2, 1835, the son of Hon." Isaac and Caroline (Curtis) Otis. His parents were of English descent, and though natives of New York, and members of the Society of Friends, early emigrated to Michigan, and were among the pioneers of that western country. Reared on the family homestead, he received his earlier education at Albion, Michigan, and subsequently entered Michigan University. On leaving there he determined upon the law as a profession, and entered the office of Hon. Joseph Miller, of Kalamazoo. Upon the completion of his studies, and after passing a very satisfactory examination, he was admitted to the bar in 1858, and almost irnmcdiately afterward joined his brother, Hon. George L. Otis, one of the leading lawyers of the State of .Minnesota, in St. Paul, remaining there until the outbreak of the war. Commissioned lieutenant in the Second Minnesota Infantry Volunteers, a regiment which he assisted in organizing, he joined the army of the Cumber- land in October, 1861. Detailed on the staff of General R. W. Johnson, he served under that general's immediate command until after the battle of Shiloh, in which engagement he took an active part. Subsequently, Brigadier General VanCleve, the old colonel of the Second Minne- sota Regiment, desired that Captain Otis be assigned to duty on his own staff, and procured his appointment as assistant adjutant general. Occupying this position until the close of the war, he was actively engaged in all the campaigns of the Army of the Cumberland, participating in the battles of Shiloh, Murfrecsboro, Perryville and Chickamauga. Satisfied that the war was over, in December, 1864, he retired from the army, and, believing the Southern country would be open to Northern emigration, in 1865 he com- menced the practice of law in Nashville, Tennes- see, and subsequently took an active part in the reconstruction of that state. Commissioned chancellor in the Nashville chancery district of Tennessee, in 1868, he occupied this position for some twelve months, being the youngest man, up to that time, appointed to that ofifice in Tennes- see. So great was the appreciation of his ability and thoroughness in the occupancy of the office, that, upon his deciding to remove to Chicago, and his consequent resignation of the position, his old associates of the Nashville bar met and passed resolutions eulogizing his industry and ability, copies of which were inserted in the public press of Nashville. They concluded with the request " that the Chancellor be moved to enter them on the records of the Chancery Court." During his residence in this state, he became acquainted with General George H. Thomas, sustaining warm personal relations with that distinguished soldier until the latter's death, and being employed by him in several suits in which the General's officers had been sued in connection with the reconstruction policy. He was also employed by Governor Brownlow to defend the constitutionality of Tennessee Fran- chise law, whereby confederate soldiers were e.xcluded from voting. A Republican in politics, then as now, he was actively identified with the organization of the Republican party in Tennes- see, being one of the few Northern men who were prominent Republicans in the South, and who left there retaining the friendship of ex-rebels. 244 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. Locating in Chicago, June loth, 1869, the Judge has been very successful. Along with an extensive chancery practice, he transacts a large amount of business for the national banks of this city. A thorough lawyer, his knowledge of the law is not confined to one particular branch. Fertile and original ;n ideas, and possessing a copious flow of language, his eminence as an advocate is admitted, while his methods of pre- senting his case, his general management of same, and the skillful manner in which he argues the various points of law before a court, are such as have won for him much admiration. In personal appearance. Judge Otis is of medium height and fair complexion. Much esteemed for his general urbanity, he is one who is accessible to all alike, while his reputation for those virtues possessed only by the true gentle- man — honor, integrity and truthfulness — is well known and incontrovertible. A prominent member of the Chicago Historical Society and the Chicago Literary Club, he is one of the founders of the Society of the Army of the Cumberland, and a member of the Loyal Legion and of the Grand Army of the Republic. Belonging to a family of lawyers, he is one of five brothers all prominent and successful in the legal profession. An esteemed citizen and a prominent lawyer. Judge Otis has aided in shed- ding a luster upon the bar of this city. It is by the emulation of the principles and methods of such men as he that the younger members of the profession shall not only seek success, but shall find it. WILLIAM HOUSER GRAY. CHICAGO, ILL. IN studying the lives and characters of promi- nent men, we are naturally led to inquire into the secret of their success, and the motives that prompted their action. Success is more often a matter of experience and sound judgment, than it is of genius, however bright. For when we trace the career of those whom the world acknowledges as being successful, and of those who stand highest in public esteem, we find almost in every case that they are those who have risen gradually, who have overcome seemingly insur- mountable difficulties, and who have by energy, honesty and self-reliance, attained the goal to which they aspired, and won for themselves that success which the possession of these character- istics almost invariably insures. The subject of this .sketch— William Houser Gray — is a native of the Buckeye State, having been born at Piqua, Ohio, September 23, 1847. The son of Jacob C. and Catherine (Houser) Gray. His father was a contractor and builder, a native of Ohio, and a resident of the same neighborhood for over si.xty years (Piqua, Ohio). He was a man who stood exceedingly high in his locality, and was a deacon of the Bajnist Church for over fifty- five years, being familiarly known as " Deacon Gray," not only in the immediate neighborhood, but throughout the State. A great believer in, and a practical supporter of, every object tending to the advancement of education generally — though the advantages he himself had received were few — he gave all his children an excellent education. He died about ten years ago, aged 79, beloved and respected by all who knew him. Our subject's mother is the daughter of the late Jacob Houser, of Dayton, Ohio. She is still living, though at an advanced age, being in her 70th year, and is happy in the possession of all her faculties. Always identified with the work of the Baptist Church, she is a much esteemed member thereof, and a frequent attendant of the various meetings held in connection with same. She has reared a family of six children— two boys and four girls— Mr. J. H. Gray, of Cincinnati, Ohio, being one of the sons, and it is perhaps .somewhat interesting to know that no member of this family has ever used tobacco in any shape or form. Receiving his early education in, and graduating from, the Piqua High School, Mr. Gray subse- quently entered Denison University, where he remained three years. His education being at length completed, he assi-stcd his father in his building operations for a time, and afterwards entered the employ of the cyY^^Ci2.,^^^-.^c^'^^^--^''---'^'^<^ 7?-7^^^.^ ^A I BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. 247 Lake Erie & Western Railroad Company as civil engineer. Upon the failure of this company, he entered into the lumber business at Piqua, Ohio, and continued thus engaged until after the great Chicago fire. Disposing of this concern in 1871, he then became connected with a life insurance company. His headquarters were at Indianapolis. Subsequently Mr. Gray was transferred to Ohio, and in 1877 he organized the Knight Templars and Masonic Mutual Aid Association, of Cincin- nati, Ohio, which, under his management, became the leading company (of this class), at that time, in the United States. In 1883 he severed his connection with this company, leaving it in a highly flourishing condition, the result of his splendid organization. During the twelve months following he engaged in private business, at the end of which period he came to this city. May 4th, 1884, he organized the "Knight Templars & Masons Life Indemnity Company, of Chicago, Illinois," and with this corporation — as its general manager — he has been identified ever since. The success with which this company has met, from the time of its organization up to the present date, has been truly phenomenal, and to-day it is the guarantee for upwards of twenty-six million dollars of insurance ! — a result which is mainly attributable to the efficient management and great administrative abilities of William Houser Gray. One of those who have aided in the develop- ment of the natural gas fields of Indiana, Mr. Gray owns the principal interest in that at Nobles- ville, Ind. He is an extensive owner of real estate; he possesses 12,800 acres of land in Texas, 700 acres in Indiana, near Indianapolis, and 1,000 acres in this State (111.). The originator of the company which removed the old Libby Prison to this city, he was at one period its treasurer, and, in fact, was the original and sole purchaser of the same. Upon its being disposed of to the syndicate who now own it, he resigned the position of treasurer after its removal to Chicago and completion. A member of the Union League and Marquette Clubs, he is also a member of St. Bernard Com- mandery (K. T.) and other Masonic bodies. One who has traveled extensively, his summer vacations are always spent on the coast of Maine, and here, together with his family, he enjoys at least once during the twelve months of the year, a thorough change and a much needed rest. In matters of religion Mr. Gray is a Baptist, though not an active member of the church. In politics a republican, though in no sense of the word a politician. Married February 17, 1 88 1, to Miss Orpha Ella Buckingham, a graduate of the Mt. Carroll (111.) Seminary, the union was blessed by three children, viz.: Ina B., aged eight years ; Willie B., aged six years, and Ralph B., aged two and one-half years. Was chairman of the " Ticket committee " of the 6th Knight Templars Charity Ball. He is a practical sympathiser with all objects of a ben- evolent nature, and is generous to a fault. In personal appearance, of medium height, dark hair and complexion. In manner he is courteous and refined. An ardent believer in the value of insurance to all, he himself carries upwards of one hundred thousand dollars. Personally and socially he possesses rare qualities, and as a public-spirited citizen, enjoys the esteem of all who know him. PERCIVAL B. PALMER, CHICAGO, ILL. TI I E gentleman whose name heads this sketch is one of the most efficient and enterpris- ing manufacturing merchants in Chicago. He is a native of Boston, Mass., and was born August 2, 1 85 1, the son of Dudley R. Palmer, a native of New Hampshire, who removed to Boston at an early day, and was a prominent business man in that city fifty years. His mother's maiden name was Anna Gibbs. His paternal grandfather, John Palmer, was a soldier in the war of the Revolu- tion. Percival attciuled the public schools of Boston in his youth and graduated from the English High School in 1868. He started in life in the employ of Messrs. E. Allen & Co., prominent jobbers in woolen goods in that city, and re- 248 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. mained with them two years. He w-as then con- nected w'ith Messrs. Springer Bros., wholesale cloak manufacturers of Boston, five years. In 1879 li*^ removed to Chicago, and there repre- sented Messrs. C. N. Carter & Co., of New York, in the same line of business, continuing until July, 1877, when he entered the employ of Messrs. J. W. Griswold & Co. Upon the retirement of Mr. J. W. Griswold from the firm, in 1887, he formed a partnership with Mr. E. P. Griswold, under the firm name of Griswold, Palmer & Co., where he has continued ever since. Mr. Palmer is now in the prime of life, and he possesses untiring energy, is quick of perception, forms his plans readily, and is bold in their exe- cution. He is pre-eminently a self-made man, and in connection with his partner, by their own e.xertions, have placed their house at the head of the business of manufacturing ladies' and chil- dren's cloaks in Chicago. Mr. Palmer belongs to the Union League and Hamilton clubs, of Chicago. He was married, in 1877, to Miss Nellie F. Chapin. of Boston, Mass., the daughter of Nahum Chapin, a prominent man in political and business circles in that city. They have four sons and one daughter — Dudley Chapin, Percival B., Jr., David H., Nahum Chapin and Lucy F. JOHN B. KIRK, CHICAGO, ILL. THERE is no business man of Chicago that stands higher amongst the mercantile community than John B. Kirk. He was born on November 8, 1842, in Utica, New York, and is the second son of James S. Kirk and Nancy Ann (Dunning) Kirk. His father was of Scottish ori- gin, a son of a celebrated civil engineer of Glas- gow, Scotland, who came to the United States whilst very young. He was educated in Mon- treal (Canada) Academy, and married in Ottawa in 1839. In the year of his marriage he located in Utica, New York, and entered into business there. Our subject obtained his education in the city of his birth, and upon commencing his mercantile life, entered into the business his father had founded in 1839, and his career has since been identified with the firm of James S. Kirk & Co. The success of the house of James S. Kirk & Co., which was founded in Utica in 1839, and has grown from a toddling infant at the time of its foundation until it is now a manufacturing giant, with an output larger than any plant of its kind, not only in this country, but in the entire world (its product amounting to 70,000,000 of pounds of soap annually, beside various other articles manu- factured), is unquestionably due to the firm busi- ness policy exercised by James S. Kirk during his life, and the valuable and practical assistance rendered to him by his elder sons, in whom he early in life engrafted the qualities necessary for a worthy business career. In 1859 the firm removed to Chicago, and with the exception of the disastrous effects of the fire of 1 87 1, which entailed a loss to them of a quarter of a million dollars, their career has been one of continued success. The firm reorganized immediately after the fire, and through the hearty co-operation of all the members of the Kirk family, the business was soon on a substantial footing, and it has con- tinued on the road of prosperity ever since. Through the ingenuity of John B. Kirk and his brothers, the process of manufacturing soap has been revolutionized, and many labor-saving meth- ods have been devised. John B. Kirk's acknowledged ability as a financier induced the directors of the American E.xchange National Bank to choose him for the position of vice-president, and afterward president, which positions he has creditably filled since 1889. On October 4, 1866, our subject was married to Miss Mac Vean of this city. The couple are blessed with four children. Their names in order of birth are : James M., Frederick I., Josephine, and the baby Susie, a child of eighteen months. The Northwestern University, located at Evanston, is widely known as one of the leading educational institutions of the West, and its reputation is constantly increasing. This worthy J[vx\/Q (u-lIL BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXP PORTRAIT GALLERY. 251 enterprise has always found a warm sympathizer and friend in Mr. Kirk. He is a member of the executive committee, and a trustee of that insti- tution, and has always been ready to assist both financially and personally any movement that had the good of the university for its object. Oratory and elocution are two of the grandest of man's accomplishments, and to stimulate the.se grand arts, Mr. Kirk has donated an annual prize of Sioo, to be awarded to the successful competi- tor in the annual oratorical contest held by the senior students of the university. One of the most interesting and longed-for events is this annual contest; and it may be true that some modern Demosthenes will owe his success as an orator to the fact that his natural powers were stimulated by a strong desire to be victorious in the annual oratorical contest for the "Kirk Prize." Our subject's good deeds in the assistance of efforts to advance the cause of education have not been confined to helping the Northwestern University ; but all worthy objects that have the improvement of facilities for advancing the citi- zens of this country in education find in him a ready and willing sympathizer and friend. Mr. Kirk has a particular fondness for medical investigation and study, and it is probable that had he not been influenced by his father, who de- sired him to enter the business that was his pride, he would have chosen the medical profession rather than the life of a business man ; and it being true that ability will show itself and make itself known no matter in what field it is placed. this worthy profession would have had a worthy member of its body in John B. Kirk. Amongst the residents of Evanston, Mr. Kirk has made, through his upright and honorable rec- ord, many sincere friends, and there is no man at present residing in that suburban city that holds a higher position amongst its residents, nor is more highly esteemed than he is. He is not only admired for his honorable conduct to his fellow men, and for his generous hospitality, but he is also esteemed for his many acts of true charity. One of his neighbors remarks, " that no deserving object is ever refused charity by John B. Kirk" In recapitulating the events of his life, we must not overlook Mrs. Kirk, who, by her high appre- ciation of what is right, and by her assistance and sympathy for all that is good, and her kindly di- rection, has vastly assisted Mr. Kirk to reach the high position he now holds. She is esteemed fully as much as Mr. Kirk, and no lady in Evans- ton is more truly honored and admired. In summing up the events of the life of John B. Kirk, it can be stated that his career has been such as to warrant the trust and confidence of the business world ; that he has always tried to transact his business matters in the same honor- able manner that placed his father before him in such a high and esteemed position in the business community. With a record unsullied and a high degree of ability, no business man of Chicago is better spoken of by his associates, than the presi- dent of the American Exchange National Bank, the worthy subject of this sketch, John 1^. Kirk. COL. JAMES A. SEXTON, CHICAGO, ILL. THE subject of this sketch is essentially a self-made man. Thrown upon his own resources at the early age of nine years, he com- menced the battle of life, and at seventeen, upon the breaking out of the late civil war, he enlisted as a three months' volunteer, and afterward was a volunteer " for three years or the war." He was born in Chicago, January 5th, 1S44, his parents re- moving here in 1834 from Rochester, New York. After the expiration of his three months' ser- vice he re-enlisted in Company I, Fifty-first Reg- iment Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and wa? made sergeant. In June, 1862, he was transferred to Company E, Sixty-.seventh Regiment Illinois In- fantry, and promoted to a lieutenancy, and in August following, a company was recruited under the auspices of the Young Men's Christian Asso- ciation of Chicago, and he was elected its captain. This was known as Company D, Seventy-second Regiment Illinois Infantry. He commanded the regiment at the battles of Columbia, Duck River, Spring Hill, Franklin and Nashville, Tenn., and 252 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. through the Nashville campaign. In 1865 he was assigned to duty on the staff of General A. J. Smith, Sixteenth Army Corps, Acting Provost Marshal, and served till the close of the war, making for himself a brilliant record. After the close of the war he was commissioned first- lieutenant in the regular army, but resigned, and next engaged in cotton raising in Alabama. Two years later, in 1867, he returned to Chicago, leav- ing his plantation in charge of an overseer, and there associated himself with Mr. John Jackson, under the firm name of Jackson & Sexton, in a stove foundry. This firm was succeeded by that of Messrs. J. A. & T. S. Sexton, and was con- ducting business at No. 176 Lake street at the time of the great fire of October 8-9. 1871. In 1872 the firm was changed to Cribben, Sex- ton & Co., and the increase of business justi- fied the erection of spacious warerooms at Nos. 75 and "]"] Lake street, and then followed the purchase of the McArthur Iron Works, at Nos. 52 to 58 Erie street, where they began the man- ufacture of stoves and grey enamel hollowware. The firm is at present (1892) composed of Henry Cribben, James A. Sexton and Will H. Cribben. Colonel Sexton takes an active interest in Grand Army affairs, and is the Past Department Commander of the Grand Army of the Republic in Illinois. He is a member of the Loyal Legion, the Chicago Union Veteran Club and the Veteran Union League, and is a Mason of high degree. There is no better attest of Colonel Sexton's popularity and worth, and the universal satisfac- tion with which his candidacy for the postmaster- ship was received, than in the fact that in the great city of Chicago, where presidents may be said to be made, and the party of which he is a member has so many calls upon the administra- tion for political favors, he found no one willing to be his earnest competitor. " That the man deserved the office and that the office deserves the man," has been demonstrated by the reforms that have been inaugurated in all departments of the office and the perfect discipline that prevails. ALEXANDER L. DEWAR, CHICAGO, ILL. ALEXANDER L. DEWAR, a prominent banker of Chicago, and cashier of the American Exchange National Bank, was born at Glasgow, Scotland, on August 6, 1852. His father, Plummer Dewar, was a native of the West India Islands but was of Scottish parentage, being able to trace his ancestry back for several centuries. His mother was Eliza Pew Dewar, a lady of English extraction but a resident of Jamaica, where his parents were married. Shortly after this marriage our subject's parents removed to Scotland, locating at Edinburgh, but later remov- ing to Glasgow where Alexander was born. In 1855, when our subject had reached the inter- esting age of three, the Dewar family moved to Canada, where he passed his boyhood and ob- tained his school education. His first business experience was in the same business as he is now in, and in 1868 he became a clerk in the British Bank at Hamilton, Ont. Even at that time Mr. Dewar manifested great ability and fulfilled his duties so faithfully that his promotions were rapidly made, and in a short time he stood so well with the directorate of the institution that he, at the age of nineteen, was sent to New York to fill the position of teller (a very high position) in the branch of the bank in that city. He continued in the employment of the British Bank until 1875 when he returned to Canada to accept a position with the Bank of Commerce, located at Montreal, with branches at Toronto and Woodstock; he occupied a prominent posi- tion with this bank in Canada for some years, and in 1 88 1 was delegated to manage a branch of the Bank in Chicago, which he did satisfactorily, and continued its controlling spirit until 1886, when the bank transferred its surplus capital to New York and discontinued the Chicago business. Then Mr. Dewar organized the American Ex- change National Bank, transferring the business he controlled whilst with the old concern to the new organization. Mr. Dewar has always been the cashier of the bank, and it is conceded by the banking houses to be largely due to his inde- BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY A.\D PORTRAIT GALLERY. 255 fatigable efforts and firm policy that the bank occupies so prominent a position amongst the leading banking houses of the country as it now does. Mr. Dewar is a young man of thirty-nine, and his success stands out prominently as a shin- ing example of what honesty and integrity com- bined with foresight and firmness have accom- plished for a number of our prominent citizens. In 1875, Mr. Dewar was married to Miss Grace M. Mackenzie, of Hamilton, Ont.; his wife is a descendant of an old Scotch family. The couple are blessed with seven handsome children, four boys and three girls ; their names and ages are : Fred, aged si.xteen ; Harold, aged fourteen ; Elsie, aged eleven ; Maud, aged nine ; John, aged seven, and Nellie, the youngest daughter, a sweet child of five, and Arthur, the baby. Mr. Dewar's political creed is strongly Repub- lican. He believes that the legislation of the Re- publican party has always been such as to im- prove the condition of the people, and ever since he has become a citizen of this, the country of his adoption, he has been a stalwart follower of the doctrines of Garfield and Blaine. In religion Mr. Dewar is a Presbyterian. Mr. Dewar is a man of quiet tastes and habits; he has been tendered positions both in social clubs and in public institutions, but having only a limited amount of time to spare away from his business, in which he takes a personal pleasure, and having no desire to appear conspicuous, he has always refused, knowing the place for a man to find true happiness is in the bosom of his family ; he deems the spot where a man can most truly find pleasure and true content to be that place sanctioned by God, man's heaven on earth, within the family circle of his home; and our subject outside of his business affairs has one supreme thought and that is, to increase the happiness of his family, if it be possible to do so. Such is his biography. He is a man who is honored and respected by all of his acquaint- ances, with a clear record, holding a high position amongst the representative business men of Chi- cago, esteemed for his business ability, and re- spected for his integrity by all that know him ; with a cheerful home and a happy family, he is a living example of what honesty of purpose and attention to business, combined with a forcible character and a high sense of the honorable, can accomplish, and does accomplish, to force men to a high position in the business community. WILLIAM M. DALE, CHICAGO, ILL. OWING to the conspicuous place attained by the subject of this sketch in his life-time, his name has for many years been a familar one. He was born in Kilmarnock, County of Ayr, Scotland, on February 10, 1842. He received a good English education at the academy in his native town, and after leaving school became an apprenticed druggist there. He served four years in that capacity, and then went to the city of Glasgow and spent four years more as a drug- gist's apprentice. Having now acquired a thor- ough and practical knowledge of pharmacy, he went to the town of Kinross, Scotland, and estab- lished himself inbusineson his own account, meet- ing with good success from the start. However, his enterprising spirit, energy and ambition de- manded a broader field of action, and it was to gratify this that he closed out his business in the year 1865, and left Auld Scotland to try his for- tune in the then enterprising and thriving young city of the West. Upon his arrival in Chicago, Mr. Dale was for a short time in the employ of Messrs. Buck & Rayner, pharmacists, after which he established the firm of Dale & Heiland, and located in business at No. 155 South Clark street, where he continued until the great fire of October 8 and 9, 1 871. During the following year the business was conducted on the West Side, but upon the completion of a new building, was re- established at the old stand and there continued until 1879, when Mr. Dale established his cele- brated pharmacy, so widely and popularly known, at the northeast corner of Clark and Madison streets. He continued to conduct this with marked success until his decease, which occurred at Charlevoix, Michigan, on July 30, 1S87. 256 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. Mr. Dale was a man of marked personal traits, and possessed qualities of mind and heart that greatly endeared him to a very wide circle of friends. As a business manager he was prompt, enterprising, far-sighted and judicious, and had a firmness and decision of purpose that never rested with anything short of honorable success. He was a man of generous impulses, charitable and kind, and gave liberally to worthy objects. In social circles he was a prominent character, and was especially a favorite in the Scotch society of Chicago, and by all who knew him, esteemed an upright and honorable citizen. Mr. Dale was married on June i, 1869, to Miss Mary Walker, of Glasgow, Scotland, who, with five children — William Wallace, Christina, Alice, Jessie and Margaret — survive him. Since her husband's decease, Mrs. Dale has continued the business, having associated with herself, as part- ner, Mr. Sempill, formerly an employe of Mr. Dale's, under the firm name of Dale & Sempill. CHARLES TRUAX, CHICAGO, ILL. CHARLES TRUAX was born on Septem- ber 24, 1852, at Milton, Rock county, Wisconsin. The first of this gentleman's family in America was Mr. Phillippe De Truex, who settled at New Amsterdam (now New York), in 1633 (see records " Dutch Manuscripts" at Al- bany, N. Y., vol. 2, p. 27) ; and his son, born on April 21, 1642, was the first white child born on. Manhattan Island. Several members of this family immigrated to America in 1623 on account of the persecutions of the Huguenots in France. The parents of the subject of our sketch — Dr. Galloway Truax and Mary (Stiles) Truax — were pioneer settlers in Jackson county, Iowa. The former, an old and highly respected physician and expert chemist of Maquoketa, la., now re- sides at Ravenswood, a suburb of Chicago. The family have a decided predilection for medicine and surgery. A brother. Dr. H. E. Truax, prac- ticing at Auburn Park, enjoys a good practice. Two sisters, Mrs. H. L. Heberling and Miss Fannie Truax, are residents of Chicago. Mr. Truax's early education was limited to what might be acquired in the common schools of the day. At the age of sixteen he commenced an apprenticeship in the drug business with his father, but failing health compelled him to aban- don it at twenty, and going West, he spent two years "roughing it ;" and during that time, being of a scientific turn of mind, he collected many geological specimens and other materials for a private museum of natural history, which he has in his cozv, comfortable home at Ravenswood. While in the West he had many interesting and thrilling experiences on the plains as a cowboy. The ambition of his early days, to job goods, re- turned with his health, and upon returning to Maquoketa in 1875, he entered into partnership with his father, and commenced a brilliant busi- ness career as junior partner of G. Truax and Son, dealers in physicians' supplies. In 1S80, finding the shipping facilities of Maquoketa in- adequate for their increasing trade, he sold out his interest in the business and removed to Cedar Rapids, Iowa, where he established and conducted a business in his own name. Two years later Mr. C. W. Bassett, of Cedar Rapids, became a partner in the business, which was thereafter con- ducted under the firm name of Charles Truax & Co. In 1884, their trade having greatly increased east of the Mississippi, the firm removed to Chi- cago for the same reasons that induced Mr. Trua.x to remove to Cedar Rapids. In 1887, Dr. F. C. Greene, an ambitious and highly respectable physician of Chicago, and a member of the Chicago Medical Society, was ad- mitted into the firm as a partner and the business was incorporated without change of name, and since that time they have enjoyed as before a highly prosperous business. Mr. Truax, the subject of this sketch, is to-day at the head of the largest physicians' supply house in the world, located at Nos. 75 and ^J^ Wabash avenue, Chicago, and employing over one hun- dred and forty people. Mr. Truax may justly claim the honor of having been the pioneer in ^^si^s^.;^i^^i^y^' y-^yyy •:!•' *^^:^V'^*JI .» — # /■^ BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. 259 successfully developing this branch of business in the United States. In the summer of 1888 he went to Europe on a pleasure and business trip, visiting England, Scotland, Ireland, F" ranee, Ger- many and Austria. While abroad he received an invitation to address the British Medical Society, an honor which no other tradesman has ever been accorded by that august body. He has traveled extensively in his own country, and made several trips to the Pacific slope. Mr. Truax is a member of many secret socie- ties, but takes particular pride in masonry. He was made a Master Mason in Mt. Herman Lodge, No. 263, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, in 1881, and was honored by being elected Senior Warden within eight months after his initiation ; exalted to the Royal Arch degree in 1882. in Trowell Chapter, No. 49. and created a Knight Templar in 1883 in Apollo Commanderj-, No. 26, Cedar Rapids, Iowa. He is at present a member of Evanston Commander)-, No. 49, and also a noble of the Mystic Shrine. As founder of Ravens- wood Lodge, Chicago, No. TJ-j, in 1886, he was W. M. for three years. Mr. Truax is also a mem- ber of the American Pharmaceutical Society. He is considerable of a sportsman, his favorite sport being brook trout fishing. He has made such a remarkable record during the past three years that a leading railroad corporation has had it printed in circulars for distribution, as an adver- tisement among the sportsmen of the Northwest. He attends the Universalist church, and in poli- tics has always been a Republican. None of the family, however, have had political aspirations. He was married Februarj' 6, 1876, to Miss Mary Wolff, the daughter of Mr. P. A. Wolff, of Maquoketa, Iowa, a prominent Democratic politi- cian. He has been unusually happy in his domestic life, and is the happy father of three beautiful children, viz.: Edith, Ruth and Carl. Mr. Truax is a man of much ingenuity, having invented many valuable improvements in surgical instruments. He has delivered addresses before the National Association of Railway Surgeons at Kansas City, Missouri, and at Buffalo, New York, and also before the Mississippi Valley Medical Society, at St. Louis, on amputations from the standpoint of a surgical instrument maker, and kindred topics. His career has been eminently successful, and he has the proud satisfaction of knowing that it is attributable to his own energy, industry, per- severance and honorable dealing. He is the architect and builder of his own fortune. Com- mencing in business for himself in a small way, he has grown with it, and been from the start the inspiring, directing and controlling spirit at the helm. While he cannot be said to be exactly a self-made man, since his father is an educated physician, chemist and pharmacist, and the son had the advantage of parental tuition, yet he owes what he is to himself essentially, and is an example of manly independence and self-reliance. Notwithstanding his success, while yet young, he has none of the pretense of a vain man and none of the hesitancy of a weak one, but moves about his business with the fullest consciousness of his ability to manage and conduct it in detail. FRANK CATLIN GREENE, M.D. CHICAGO, ILL. THE subject of our sketch was born at Mans- field, Ohio, in the year 1857. He is de- scended from Britons, who immigrated to this country a century ago, and settled in New Bed- ford, Massachusetts. Dr. Greene's father, Mr. H. N. Greene, removed to Mansfield, Ohio, where he was for several years engaged in the jewelry busi- ness. In I S70 he removed to Philadelphia, where better facilities for business were offered, and was here engaged in banking until 1883, when he re- tired from business and traveled for several years until he located in Chicago* in 1886. Mr. Greene was a prominent man in Mansfield, especially in religious circles. He was of the Episcopalian per- suasion, and was an earnest and zealous worker in the cause, holding high official positions in the church ; he was also deeply interested in Sunday- school work, being at one time superintendent of a school in Philadelphia. Mrs. Emma (Catlin) Greene, mother of Dr. 26o BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. Greene, comes of very sturdy and rugged stock, tracing her ancestry to the early settlers of New York city. Mrs. Greene was a very literary woman, spending much time in study and re- search, but was withal a model housewife and very much devoted to husband and children. Dr. Greene has one brother — David Russell Greene — a resident of Chicago, and a member of the Chicago Stock Exchange. He has also one sister — Marie Pauline Greene — a brilliant and charming young society lady. She is quite young, having made her debut only last season. Miss Greene has strong literary tastes, is an art con- noisseur and a devotee of Delsarte, the study of his " poetry of motion" contributing in no small degree to her graceful and charming manner. She formerly studied under Boucicault and De- Mille. Dr. Greene acquired his early education in the public schools of Mansfield, and later took a three years' course in Peddie Institute, Hightstown, New Jersey, finishing in 1877, and, having to some degree pursued the study of medicine previously, he then entered the Jefferson Medical College, from which he graduated in 1880 with high honors, and received the degree of M. D. at the age of twenty-one. For eighteen months there- after he prosecuted his studies and practiced in the Charity Hospital, New YorkCity. Not being satisfied with his store of medical information, and desiring further study, he crossed the Atlantic and matriculated in Heidelberg University, re- maining three years, at the end of which time, 1884, he received a certificate from that institution. Upoo returning to the United States he located in Chicago, intending to practice medicine for which he was so well prepared ; but this life was not to his taste, and, in 1886, he entered the firm of Charles Truax and Company, physicians' sup- plies, with which firm he is still connected, the firm name being changed in 1891 to Charles Truax, Greene and Company. This house is the largest of its kind in the world, and ships goods to all parts of America and Europe, handling specialties which can be obtained nowhere else on the globe. Dr. Greene has traveled quite extensively both in Europe and the Orient, as well as in his own country. He spent four years in Europe, the greater part of the time, however, being consumed in study and research. He has always had a fondness for athletic sports of all kinds, his rugged constitution and fine physique bearing testimony to the beneficial results of such exercise. He is especially fond of hunting and yachting, at which sports he spends much of his leisure time. Religiously, Dr. Greene has always coincided in his father's views, adhering to the Episcopalian church. In politics, following in the footsteps of his worthy oarent, he casts his ballot for the Re- publican party. Dr. Greene holds membership in many of the leading aristocratic clubs, such as the University Club, Sunset Club and Twentieth Century Club. In 1882 he was made a Mason in Continental Lodge, No. 297, in New York City. Dr. Greene is one of the few examples we have of professional men who have made successful business men. He is a typical, ambitious, pro- gressive, enterprising young Chicagoan of which our city is so justly proud. He has been emi- nently successful in his business career, and his prospects from a financial standpoint are excep- tionally bright. Dr. Greene is quite a society leader, being of a genial disposition, generous im- pulses, hospitable and very popular among those with whom he is best known. MALCOLM MCNEIL, CHICAGO, ILL. MALCOLM McNEIL is prominent among mother, whose maiden name was Jane Crichton, the self-made men of Chicago. He was was a shrewd business woman, and, foreseeing born on September 12, 1832, in Ardrie, Scot- better prospects in America for her children, Mal- land, where his father, Daniel McNeil, had been colm and John, and their sister, Anna, she caused engaged in business as a merchant and operator the business in Scotland to be wound up, and in of coal mines located in that vicinity. His 1848 the family embarked for the United States. BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. 261 After an ocean voyage of six weeks, and a ten days journey west from New York, they reached their destination, the village of Dundee, in Illinois. Our subject spent his early manhood in assist- ing his parents on the farm, near Dundee. He managed this, his first enterprise, with care and skill, and thus early in life displayed the ability for conducting business affairs that has since made him conspicuous among Chicago's successful merchants. Tiring of the monotony and routine of farm life, and desiring a broader field for the employ- ment of his abilities, he in 1858 turned his atten- tion to mercantile pursuits. He first opened a grocery store at Elgin, 111., but later enlarged his business and became a dealer in general merchan- dise, dealing in everj-thing usually handled by a merchant in a small town, such as groceries, hard- ware, dry goods, clothing, boots and shoes, hats and caps, and millinery goods. Good judgment and careful attention to busi- ness, which have been characteristic of him throughout his career, made his business in Elgin a wonderful success, so that he controlled the largest trade in that city. In 1871, the destruction of Chicago by fire drew the attention of the mercantile world to the advantages of that city as the future great dis- tributing center of the United States. Among those who with foresight and grit determined to cast their future with this great undeveloped mar- ket, was Malcolm McNeil. He pictured to him- self the advantages to be found there, and dis- posed of his business interests at Elgin, but still retained possession of his two farms, which he still holds, deeming them good financial invest- ments. In the year 1872, he organized the wholesale grocery house of McNeil & Higgins, composed of Malcolm McNeil, J. McNeil and Charles Higgins, which for twenty years has continued upon its prosperous course. During all this time, Malcolm McNeil, with a steady hand, hopeful heart and clear brain, has directed its affairs, and been its controlling spirit through all the financial troubles that have swept over our country, until now, when it has reached its present mammoth propor- tions, he can look over his business career of nearly a quarter of a century, and feel the satis- faction of knowing that his record is above re- proach. Naturally, this firm entering a field where houses with an already established reputa- tion virtually controlled the business tributary to Chicago, found no little difficulty in obtaining a foothold. Mr. McNeil was always ready to adapt himself to circumstances, and at the outset of his career as a Chicago jobber, personally carried a line of samples, and solicited trade among the merchants of Illinois, and can tell the trials of a traveling man representing an unknown house. At the present time (1892), the McNeil and Higgins Company (an incorporated institution since 18S8), with a paid-up capital of $500,000, is as widely and favorably known as any wholesale grocery house in the West, and its army of travel- ing salesmen, more than fifty in number, dispose of a great bulk of goods in a territory reaching over the entire West and Northwest. The house has always appreciated faithful ser\'ice, and, upon its incorporation under the laws of the State, re- warded four deserving young men by presenting them with fifty thousand dollars' worth of stock therein. Since its incorporation our subject has been the presiding officer of the company. To a nature as active and ambitious as Mr. McNeil's, the advantages of ■ investments in re- sponsible financial institutions became apparent. He is a large stockholder and a director in the Chemical Trust and Savings Bank, whose direc- tors, appreciating his ability as a financier, and knowing that he held the esteem and confidence of the community, elected him president of that institution, an office which he filled until the stress of his other business affairs compelled him, much to his regret, to decline a re-election. He was one of the organizers of the Columbia Nation- al Bank, and became one of its directors upon its organization. Mr. McNeil has been twice mar- ried. First, in 1859, to Miss Catherine Dempster, who was the first white child born in Dundee, Illinois. She was a daughther of A. R. Dempster, Esq., and a niece of William Dempster, well known as a musical composer, being the author of " The May Queen," " Irish Emigrant's Lament,'' and more than fifty other compositions. Mrs. Mc- Neil inherited musical tastes, and was in all re- spects a true helpmate. She died after eleven years of happy married life, her only child, named Daniel, dying at the age of four years. In 1870, Mr. McNeil was married to Miss Orel 262 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY AND PORTRAIT GALLERY. Martin, daughter of Charles Martin, of Wayne, Illinois. Of seven children who have been born to them, six are now living, viz: Nora, Ella, Gor- don, Marvin, Charles and Jeanie. Mr. McNeil is a member of the Baptist denomination, and a zealous worker in the cause of religion, ever ready both with purse and heart to assist any enter- prise tending to better his fellow men. Mrs. McNeil, who is in entire sympathy with her husband in all his worthy deeds, is an active worker in the church, and a leader in benevolent enterprises. She is charitably disposed, and com- bines all of those graces that are commendable in a happy wife and mother, and is loved by all that know her. In politics Mr. McNeil has always been a strong Republican, but at present belongs to that great body of business men who are known as Tariff Reform Republicans. Mr. McNeil's life has been a success, and amply illustrates what may be ac- complished by one who has ambition, foresight and grit, combined with an honest purpose. JOHN H. S. QUICK, CHICAGO, ILL. THE subject of this sketch is a well known and justly eminent member of the Chicago bar. He is not one of the many who have risen from obscurity into the blaze of ephemeral prosperity, but he has risen to a high position as a lawyer and a citizen by a gradual and constant advance, every succcessive step having been wisely and happily chosen ; a career no less honorable to himself than useful-toothers. Mr. Quick is a native of New Jersey, and was born on 13th day of January, 1837. His father was John S. Quick, formerly an enterprising and prosperous merchant of New York City, and his mother was Mary («' that were received by the widow : Farr.agut Naval Association, Chicago, III.. November 19, 1891. At a regular meeting of this association held at the Union League Club on November 19. 1891, the accompanying report of a committee appointed to prepare a tribute of respect to the mcmorj' of our late fellow member, William Hale Thompson, was read and adopted. Wl.VFlELD 8. Kaufman, Secrttary. We arc again called upon to mourn the loss of one of our members who rendered distinguished and efficient service durmg the War of the Rebellion, who, since his resignation from the navy at the close of that great struggle, has shown his devotion to the State as the organizer and commander of the Second Regiment of Illinois National Guard, and at a later period as the presiding officer of the Union X'eteran Club of Chicago. William Hale Thompson was .1 native of the State of New Hampshire, and descended from sturdy New England ancestry, who rendered efficient services during the War of the Revolution. His aptitude for the life of a sailor caused him to follow the sea at an early age. At the outbreak of the War of the Rebellion he received a commission as an officer in the United States Navy; he served in the West Gulf Squadron under Admiral F'arragut, and later in the North Atlantic Squadron. He was distinguished for the efficiency and zeal with which he performed all his official duties, and proved himself a reliable and highly trusted officer. At the close of the Rebellion he resigned from the United States Navy and made his home in Chicago, where his zeal for the public service soon made him the colonel of the Second Regiment of the Illinois National Guard, and later the pre- siding officer of the Union Veteran Club, as he always took a most active interest in the welfare and in the organization of the veterans of the War of the Rebellion. He was one of the earliest members of our own society, and at our last monthly meeting he was one of the most animated and cheerful of the happy company seated around our table, and recounted the incidents and reminiscences of the naval service during the war. He was one of those who fully appreciated the important character of the services rendered by the men of the navy during our fearful struggle for national existence, and was ever ready to uphold the honor of the Union Jack, preserve the memories of those who fell while fighting for the flag of the Union. We shall long miss the merry twinkle of his bright eyes, and the hearty good will of his sturdy salutations. Let us hope that his spirit has found welcome companionship in the realm of the departed brave ones above. Resplz'id, That the foregoing report be approved and spread upon the records and that copies thereof be presented to the widow and family of our departed friend. Horatio Loo.mis Wait, WiNFiELD S. Kaufman. William Hale Thompson, president of the Chicago Union \'eteran Club, died at his residence in this city on the 17th day of November last. For the first time in our history a vacancy in the honored office of our presidency has, by the power that in the progress of time will call us all hence, been created. The chief thus fallen was an old and honored resi- dent of this city, prominent in its social, its business and political circles. Genial in manner, generous in nature, strong in his personal views, frank and outspoken in their expression, he was a loyal citizen and a gallant defender of the Union when its existence was placed in peril by a strug- gle devised and precipitated by human slavery. Sening his country bravely on the tield of battle, he scn'cd his adopted State in Us legislative councils with conspicuous ability. Largely through his efforts the present militia laws were enacted, thus establishing a system and providing a school through and in which the fundamental knowledge of military training and discipline may be acquired, to meet contin- gencies in municipal, state and national affairs, with which the arm of the civil law has at times been powerless to cope. His public spirit induced him to take upon himself in its formative periods the command of one of the regiments of infantry thus organized— a task requiring the exercise of skill, tact, patience, personal influence, and personal generosity 272 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. and self-sacrifice. His humanity invoked his aid in the pas- sage of a law for the protection of domestic animals, a thoughtful and noble service for the eradication of a conspic- uous and inhuman species of cruelty. In political Ufe he was a Stalwart Republican. He manifested an intense inter- est in this organization, as one of the aids to the success of the party in the interest and for the success of which he has for many years heroically labored. His merits as husband and father rest with his memory sacredly in the keeping of the hearts of his household. Of his kindly counsels and personal aid, his vigorous and manly bearing among us, his comrades and fellow citizens, we desire to record our appreciation, and to incorporate into the min- utes of our organization the keen grief we experience at his sudden and untimely death. His history as a soldier is written upon and will be pre- served in the records of his countr>'. His example as a citi- zen in all of his relations of life will be preserved through such memorials as this inscribed upon the minutes of the various societies of which he was a conspicuous and influen- tial member. Resolved, That the foregoing testimonial to the memory of our deceased president be entered upon our minutes, and that a copy thereof, properly engraved and subscribed by the officers of this club, be transmitted to the family of the deceased. J- 1^- Ad.\ir, Chairman of Committee. J. A. McOrtnev, John C. Barker. In Memoriam. U. S. Grant Post, No. 28, Department of Illinois, G. A. R. Tuesday Evening, December 22, 1891. At a regular meeting of the U. S. Grant Post the follow- ing memorial was unanimously adopted by a rising vote: As the years roll on we are called together to pay our last tribute of respect to our comrade of the war. At each suc- ceeding roll-call some familiar name is recorded as trans- ferred to a higher command, there to receive the commenda- tion of the Supreme Commander for duties here well per- formed and faithful adherence to the right. In the death of William Hale Thompson the Grand Army of the Republic has lost an earnest adherent, the Department of Illinois a faithful worker, and U. S. Grant Post a devoted, true-hearted comrade, who was prompted by the noblest desires for the good of the order, and whose hand was alwa>-s ready to do what his heart prompted— a comrade whose memorj- will ever be cherished lovingly by his co-laborers in the cause of freedom and good government, with whom it was ever his pride and boast to be ranked. Born amid the rugged hills in New Hampshire, he breathed the air of liberty from his very birth, and though still young when traitors raised their impious hands against the flag, he offered his services and did good work in the U. S. Navy, first serving in the West Gulf Squadron under the command of Admiral Farragut, from which he was transferred to the North Atlantic Squadron, where he remained until the close of the war, rendering most efficient service in defense of the flag. At the close of the war he resigned his commission in the navy, as his temperament required duties of greater activity, and he came to Chicago, then young, and soon made his energy and abilities felt in moulding the future of the city. His love of military life and discipline was such that he ere long was chosen as the colonel of the Second Regi- ment Illinois National Guard, which he made the equal ol the best and gave the regiment a name and reputation surpassed by none. At his death he was president of the Chicago Union Vet- eran Club, a political organization of veteran soldiers of the war, and his efficiency was manifest in the good work of that organization in the cause which gave it birth. He was one of the earliest members of Post 28, having joined its ranks on the loth of Februarj-, 1876, being No. 42 on the roster, and while his business duties were such as prevented him from being a very active member, he was ever ready with hand and purse to advance the interest of the Post and of the order. To him who worthily wore the blue and carried the badge of honor worn by all members of the G. A. R., he was a friend, and never turned a deaf ear to their needs or the widows and orphans of those who died that the nation might live. Ri-sohed, That this memorial be spread upon the records of the Post, and presented.suitably engrossed, to his bereaved family. Charles A. Dibble, Gilbert B. Tucker, Commander. A. P. Connolly, E. J. Burkett, Chas. E. Sinclair, Adjutant. Committee. Headquarters Veteran Union League, 204 Dearborn Street, Chicago, November 17, 1891, Whereas, The Supreme Commander in his wise dispen- sation of providence has summoned our comrade. Col. William Hale Thompson, to meet the Grand Army above ; therefore, Resolved, That in the death of our comrade we feel that we have lost a good citizen, a kind and generous friend, and a brave soldier. Resolved, That the sympath)- of the comrades of the Vet- eran Union League be extended to the family of our deceased associate in the hour of deep bereavement and affliction. Resolved, That the members of the \'eteran Union League attend the funeral of Col. Thompson in a body, and that a copy of these resolutions be sent to the family of the de- ceased, and also be spread upon the records of this League. D, Harry Hammer, Piesideni. From the Real Estate Board came the follow- ing tribute : In Memoriam. william hale thompson. At a meeting of the Chicago Real Estate Board held Thursday, November 19, 1891, the following resolutions were unanimously adopted : Resolved, That in the death of Col. William Hale Thompson the Real Estate Board recognizes the loss of a valuable member and a most estimable fellow citizen. While not fully identified with us in the active prosecution of busi- ness, he showed his appreciation of the necessity and value of our organization by becoming one of its earliest members. As BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARV A.\D PORTRAIT GALLERY. 273 an ardent believer in the great future of Chicago, as a patriotic and public-spirited citizen, as a conser>-ative and wise legislator, and as one from the rapidly-thinning ranks of those who served the nation in its hour of greatest need, we most heartily mourn his loss and most earnestly sympathize with his family and friends. JosiAH L. LoMH.A.Rr), Pns.. WiLLis G. Jackson, Robert P. Walker, &r'y, W.m. D. Kerfoot. In Masonry Col. Thompson was deservedly popular. He was a member of Hesperia Lodge, No. 411, A. F. and A. M.; York Chapter, No. 141, R. A. M. and St. Bernard Commandery, No. 35, Knights Templar, Chicago. In fact, in every position to which he was called he was successful in the highest sense. As a busi- ness man, upright, reliable and honorable ; as a public official, attentive and obliging in the dis- charge of his duties. With those finer traits of character which combine to form what we term friendship, which endear and attach man to man in bonds which nothing but the stain of dishonor can sever, which triumph over disaster and misfortune, and shine brightest in the hours of adversity — with these qualities he was royally endowed. He was ever ready to promote the best interest of humanity. Though he was a man of strong determination and great force of character, yet he possessed one of the most sympathetic and tenderest of natures. At no time was he happier than when in the midst of his family. His dis- position was at all limes sincere and affectionate. He was very charitably disposed, and believed in supplying the wants of the individual actually in need. For those who applied to him for work, if he had no place himself, he would invariably find positions; nor would he stop at merely promising, but he would personally see that they were provided for, and as such he was a philan- thropist in the best and truest sense of the word. WILLIAiM J. CHALMERS, CHICAGO. ILL. THE subject of this sketch is a characteristic Chicago man, and justly ranked with that younger class whose progressive ideas and intense business enterprise and activity have contributed so largely to her material prosperity- and growth. He was bom at Chicago, July 10, 1852, the son of Thomas and Janet (Telfer) Chalmers. His parents are both natives of Scotland. The father was born at Dronley, near Dundee, in 1815, and is treasurer of Fraser & Chalmers (Incorporated), hereinafter mentioned. The mother was born in 18 18, in Edinburgh. Both are living, as are also the two sons and three daughters that have been born to them. William J. received his education in the public and high schools of Chicago, and after closing his studies in school, went to work to learn a mechanical trade in the shops of the Eagle Works Manufacturing Company, of which his father was at that time general superintendent. In 1872, being then twenty years of age, young Chalmers became associated with his father in the then firm of Fraser & Chalmers, just starting, employing a working force of si.xty men. From that beginning the business has gradually developed and been extended, until now. in the eighteenth year of its existence, it employs one thousand and fifty men, with a weekly pay-roll of fourteen thousand dollars, and the name of Fraser & Chalmers, m.anufacturers of mining machinery-, has a world-wide reputation, and the products of their immense establishment, the largest of its character in the world, are shipped to every quarter of the civilized globe. Besides its main plant and office, located at the corner of Union and Fulton streets Chicago, (new shops covering about ten acres of ground, fronting on Twelfth and Rockwell streets, have just been completed), the company has recently established itself at Erith on the Thames, near London, England, where a plant that will employ five hundred men will soon be in operation. From the commence- ment of the business Mr. Chalmers (our subject) has had entire control of the business manage- ment and finances of the company. And when in 1889 the business was changed from a partner- ship to a corporation, he became its vice-presi- dent and treasurer, and in January, 1891, was elected its president. In recognition of his superior qualities as an organizer and successful 274 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. financier, Mr. Chalmers has been called to posi- tions of responsibility and trust, and has uniformly acquitted himself in a way that evidenced his eminent fitness for the places. He is one of the directors of the Chicago Athenaeum, also a director of the Woman and Children's Hospital, and upon the decision by the United States Conijress to hold the World's Columbian Exposition of 1892 at Chicago, he was chosen by the stockholders as one of the directors of that mammoth undertaking, and was re-elected as director in April, 1891. He is a man of superior social qualities, genial, generous and hospitable, and is prominently connected with numerous organizations, being president of the Illinois Club, member of the Chicago, Union League, Washington Driving Park, Electric and Athletic clubs, all of Chicago, and the Engineers' Club, of New York. He was recently appointed a director of the School Board by Mayor Wash- burn for a three-year term. He is a Republican in politics and a Presbyterian in religious faith, and a member of the Third Presbyterian Church. Mr. Chalmers was married in 1877 to Miss Joan Pinkerton, only daughter of Allan Pinkerton, Esq., now deceased. Mrs. Chalmers is a lady of womanly qualities and attainments of a high order, a devoted wife and mother, and a most charming hostess. They have two children — Joan Pinkerton, eleven, and Thomas Stuart, nine years of age ; and their beautiful home at No. 234 South Ash- land boulevard is the center of a large circle of warm friends. HON. LYSANDER HILL, CHICAGO, ILL. IN studying the lives and characters of promi- nent men, we are naturally led to inquire into the secret of their success and the motives that prompted their action. Success is not a question of genius, as held by many, but rather a matter of experience and sound judgment. For when we trace the career of those who stand highest in public esteem, we find in nearly every case that they are those who have risen gradually, fighting their way in the face of opposition. Self-reliance, conscientiousness, energy, honesty — these are the traits of character that insure the highest emolu- ments and greatest success. To these may we attribute the success that has crowned the efforts of Judge Lysander Hill. He was born in Union, Lincoln county, Maine, July 4, 1834. The son of Isaac and Eliza M. (Hall) Hill, tracing his ancestry both paternal and mater- nal to the old Puritan families who were among the earliest settlers of Massachusetts. After pass- ing through the usual common-school education, he studied at W'arren Academy and entered Bowdoin College in 1854 and graduated therefrom in 1858. Choosing the law as his profession, he entered the law office of A. P. Gould, at Thom- aston, Mc., and was admitted to the bar in i860. He began practicing at once in Thomaston, form- ing a partnership with J. B. Cilley under the firm name of Cilley & Hill. This partnership was dissolved in 1862, when Mr. Hill entered the federal army as captain in the Twentieth IMaine Infantry. In 1863, on account of physical disability. Mr. Hill received his discharge from the army. He resumed the practice of law, settling at Alexandria, Va., and also occupied an office at Washington, D. C. He formed a partnership at the former place with George Tucker under the style of Hill & Tucker. In 1874 Mr. Hill moved to Washington, D. C, and formed a partnership with Mr. E. A. Ells- worth, under the firm name of Hill & Ellsworth, and this association continued until 1878. For the next few years Mr. Hill practiced his profession alone, devoting his attention largely to the practice of patent litigation, which he had made a spe- cialty; but in May, i88r, he formed a connection with Mr. T. S. E. Dixon, of Chicago, which lasted until 1890. Mr. Hill was married in Februar}-, 1864, to Adelaide R. Cole, of Roxbury, Mass. This union has been blessed with three children. Mr. Hill was Register in Bankruptcy of the Eighth Judicial District of Virginia from 1867 to CU^^ «2^ «:- c ^-^ BIOuKAI'lIlCAI. IIICTIOXARV AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. 277 1869 when ho was appointed Judge of said district to fill an unexpired term. In politics Mr. Hill is and ever has been an earnest and sincere Republican. He was dele- gate to the National Convention which nominated Grant in 1868, and was a member of the Commit- tee on Platform. He was also Chairman of the Republican Stale Central Committee of Virginia for two years, but since 1S69 he has taken little interest in politics, devoting his time and energies to the practice of his profession, which has been yearly increasing and which now takes him all over the United States. Without doubt Judge Hill takes rank as one of the ablest patent attorneys. ELWYN B. GOULD, CHICAGO, ILL. THE life-historj- of him whose name heads this sketch is worthy of record among those of Chicago's representative business men. While there are few phases in the lives of self- made men, of an emotional or sensational charac- ter, there is yet a motive power of energy, enter- prise, continuit}' and determination worthy of study ; and often, if we shall look for the secret of men's success, we find it only in their continuity in following out a well-defined purpose. This is eminently true of Elwyn B. Gould. A native of Keesville, New York, he was born April loth, 1854, and is the son of H. W. and Elizabeth (Libby) Gould, who were natives of Maine, but who removed at an early day (1855) to Minne- sota. At the conclusion of the War of the Rebel- lion his father settled in Boston, and there young Gould attended the public schools. In 1879 'i"^ started for California, and en route stopped in ChiQago, whither his brother had preceded him and was in business on his own account. Liking the appearance of the city, our subject decided to remain and subsequently joined his brother in business, under the firm name of I. L. Gould & Co. Their business was importing and jobbing laces, handkerchiefs and lace novelties, etc. Together they have built up a fine busines.s, which extends all over the South, North and Northwest. He is a prominent Mason, and there are probably few men better known in Masonic circles than he. He was made a member of Covenant Lodge, No. 526, September 25, 1885, and is a Past Master of this lodge. He is a mem- ber of Corinthian Chapter, No. 69, R. & A. M.; St. Bernard Commandery, No. 35, K. T.; Oriental Consistorj- S. P. R. S., and is at present (1892) High Priest of Corinthian Chapter, and Grand S. W. of Chicago Council, Princes of Jerusalem, etc. In politics he is a Republican, and although taking an active interest in all that concerns his party, he has never held an elective position ex- cept as a member of the Special Assessment Com- mittee (appointed by Mayor Washburne), and also of the State Senatorial Committee for the Sixth Senatorial District. It is perhaps as the genial president of the well-known Marquette Club that Mr. Gould is best known. Elected a mem- ber of this club during the first year of its exist- ence (1886), he was subsequently appointed to serve on its committee, and re-elected the follow- ing year. Two years later (1888) he was unani- mously chosen as its secretary, and during his term of office gave such satisfaction as to warrant his being reappointed at its close, and again the year following. In March, 1890, he was elected president, an office which he now holds with credit to himself and satisfaction to the club. Quick to grasp a situation, he is always prepared for an argument and seldom fails to gain his point. Strict in his rulings and firm in his decisions, he is a born leader, and as such com- mands both the respect and esteem of his asso- ciates. Of the Marquette Club itself, little need be said, for it is known all over the country. It possesses an elegant club house, and its annual banquets are of wide repute, for the important issues of the day are freely discussed, and amongst the invited guests are usually found some of our most prominent men, and those of national fame. Having a roll of some four hun- dred members, it is in a flourishing condition, and is undoubtedlj- one of the leading political clubs of this countrj'. In its building up and ayS BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. development there are few who have taken a more prominent or active part than has the sub- ject of our sketch, and he is one of the most popular and efificient club presidents in the city of Chicago. In personal appearance Mr. Gould is tall and of good proportions, and has a commanding address. Genial and courteous in manner, he is of unquestionable integrity and of keen percep- tion, and possesses friends and acquaintances innumerable. He was married in 1S83 to Miss Jenny Gesel bracht, of Chicago. They have three children, viz : Grace, aged seven years; Elwyn Blaine, Jr., aged five years, and Herman Leslie, aged three years. HON. JOHN P. ALTGELD, CHICAGO, ILL. JOHN P. ALTGELD was born in Germany, December 30, 1847; was brought to this country by his parents when only a child and reared on a farm in Richland county, Ohio. His elementary education, in his early days, was very limited. In 1864, when sixteen years of age, he joined the Union army and participated in the James River campaign. Subsequently he taught school for a time, and in 1869 went west. At this time young Altgeld met and over- came the great struggle of his life. With a scant supply of money, he traveled on foot across Southern Illinois and when, after many privations, he reached the Mississippi River, opposite St. Louis, he had only fifteen cents left. With this he paid five cents ferry-boat fare, and a like sum for a still more unfortunate fellow traveler, and then balanced and closed his account by buying writing paper and a postage stamp with the remainder. He worked for some time in St. Louis and then went to Southern Kansas, where he was taken sick and had a severe struggle. After his recovery he went to Northwestern Mis- souri, where he taught school and studied law. He was admitted to the bar in 1872. He was soon after appointed City Attorney of Savannah and afterwards elected State's Attorney of Andrew county. His success in these public positions and his ability as a lawyer made him one of the best known men in that section of the State. In 1875, desiring a larger field for his labors, he removed to Chicago. When he arrived in this city he was an entire stranger. He soon built up a large and lucrative practice, and was engaged in some of the most notable cases that came before the Cook county bench. In 1884 he ran for Congress in the fourth district, and reduced the republican majority by several thousand, but was defeated ; he, however, made a great reputa- tion as a campaigner. In 1886 Mr. Altgeld was nominated for Judge of the Superior Court of Cook county by the Democratic party, and was elected by an over- whelming majority. As a judge he proved him- self fearless, independent and impartial ; his decisions were clear, laconic and comprehensive, and gave proof of much care, study and legal knowledge. His energy and industry were re- markable, and won for him the highest encom- iums of the press, the people and the profession. After discharging the duties of his high office with the utmost satisfaction for five years. Judge Altgeld astonished everyone by handing his resignation to the Governor. The Judge assured his friends that the claims of his private business only could force him to retire from the position to which they did him the honor to elect him. " The duties of a judge," he said, " were not only onerous but unceasing, and he would not occupy the position unless he could give it his undivided attention. The people deserve and .should receive the fullest services of those whom they select for high and important ofifice." In 1890 he was made Chief Justice of the Superior Court. Judge Altgeld is a Democrat, liberal and toler- ant of the opinions of others, but an able exponent of the principles of his party. He is earnest, original and practical ; and is a quiet, silent man who prefers action to talk, and who believes that social and industrial reforms are more readily effected by business methods than by the most eloquent post-prandial orations. His arguments /^- ^^^^/^ ^^^^^ ^^^^.^..^i^LiC^ B/OCRAP/nClL DICT/OXAKY AXn rORTRAlT CALLERY. 281 are clear, concise and convincing, and his thoughts are occasionally clothed in the choicest language and adorned by a simple and unaffected beauty. Judge Altgeld has, during the last nine years, built some of the finest mercantile office build- ings of this city, and has just completed Unity Building, probably the finest building of its class in the world. Amid his many business and pro- fessional duties, he has not forgotten or neglected the studious habits of early life, for we find him in these later busy days devoting himself occa- ionally to literature. " Our Penal Machinery and Its Victims,"' " Live Questions," and papers on various questions of the day, are from his pen. When tired of law and business, then he falls back to his early friend — study. He is fond of travel, and has visited nearly every place of inter- est in North America. Judge Altgeld was married in 1877 to Miss Ford, of Richland county, Ohio. He is in the prime of life, with fine physical development, and in the enjoyment of robust health. His expressive features reflect a calm, thoughtful and active intelligence, and impress you with the dignity, strength and reserve of an original mind. The success which has crowned his public career and the intelligent and manly grasp he has taken of social and industrial re- forms, mark him out as a man of whom we shall hear more in the near future. If strong sym- pathy and active co-operation with every move- ment for the benefit of the masses, and a broad and liberal spirit, guiding great and generous efforts, deserve recognition, then shall an honor- able and irreproachable career be rewarded by a grateful people. SAMUEL W. ALLERTON, CHICAGO, ILL. DURING the past half century the growth and development of the city of Chicago has surpassed the expectations of the most san- guine. From a small village without organiza- tion, wealth or trade, she has become one of the foremost cities, not only of this continent, but of the world. This wonderful result and rapid growth has been effected by the courage, energy and business ability of her prominent citizens. Her healthful location on the shores of Lake Michigan, her prosperous industries and progres- siA-e instincts, have attracted to her the active and energetic workers of the world who represent the highest development of every industry and handi- craft. They run the factories, man the ships, people the warehouses, direct the banks and hold the markets of Chicago. In this great Western metropolis they find ability recognized, energy appreciated and courageous effort amply re- warded. This phenomenal city to-day rules and regulates the stock markets of the world. The growth of this important industry may justly be called marvelous. For nearly forty years the name of Samuel W. Allerton has been connected with this prosperous industr}-, and to him more than to any other mer- chant may be given the credit of placing within the boundaries of this city the greatest stock mar- ket of the world. Samuel W. Allerton was born in Dutchess county. New York, in the year 1829. He was brought up on his father's farm and received such education as could be obtained at that date on a farm in Northern New York. He remained on the farm until he was eighteen years of age, working during the summer and at- tending school in the winter. About this time he commenced farming on his own account, and was very successful, particularly in raising stock, and in a couple of years had accumulated the hand- some sum of four or five thousand dollars. He was young, energetic and enterprising, and he de- cided to go West, where he hoped to find a new and wide field for his ambition. He first visited Buffalo, N. Y., then Cleveland, O., and last Chi- cago. He soon after invested his savings in a cattle ranch near Piatt county, 111., but continued to attend the Chicago markets. By close attention to business and by untiring energy he .soon be- came known as one of the most successful stock- men of the West, and by his own unaided efforts created and guided a most extensive and lucra- 282 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. tive business. From that early date to the pres- ent the business has continued under his individ- ual management, and has grown and spread its branches to St. Louis, Omaha, Kansas City and many other Western cities. Mr. Allerton is also the owner of many farms and ranches and is financially interested in the principal stock yards on this continent. Quiet, unostentatious and kind-hearted, he is always ready to help the deserving and the needy. His large wealth he invests with care and bestows \\ith generosity. The city of Chicago feels proud of such men, whose honor, integrity and sterling character have done much for it and for the de- velopment of the resources of the West. The appointment of Mr. Allerton as a member of the Board of Management of the World's Co- lumbian Exposition was a high compliment to his experience and ability, and has given satisfaction generally. Mr. Allerton's thorough knowledge of finance, organizing ability, and practical knowl- edge of stock and farming and its claims, point him out as a most useful accession to the World's Fair Directory. Mr. Allerton is a director of the F"irst National Bank of Chicago, one of the largest and most suc- cessful institutions of the kind in the United States, and great credit is due to the directory for bringing this great banking house to the front rank of financial institutions. Mr. Allerton is also a director of the Chicago City Railway Company, and is interested and identified with nearl\- all the great undertakings for the benefit of the city. In i860 Mr. Allerton married Miss Paduella W. Thompson, of Peoria. They have a family of two children, one boy and one girl — Robert H. and Katy R. His first wife died in 1880. He mar- ried a year later to Agnes C. Thompson, a sister of his first wife. In the quiet and sunshine of his happy home on Prairie avenue Mr. Allerton finds rest and repose after the cares and anxieties of his business, and in companionship of his accom- plished wife and affectionate children he spends his happiest hours. NELSON THOMASSON. CHICAGO, ILL. THE life of him whose name heads this sketch represents an eventful and interesting career. Integrity, activity and energy have been the crowning points of his success. Few men are wider and more favorably known in the city of Chicago than is Nelson Thomasson. He is a na- tive of Kentucky, and was born October 15, 1839, the son of William Poindexter and Charlotte (Pierce Leonard) Thomasson. His father was born in 1796, and was in the war of 1812, although very young. Afterward he located in Corydon, Indiana, became a member of the legislature, and subsequently was prosecuting attorney; and while holding this office he prose- cuted the murderer of the present United States Judge Gresham's father, who was at the time sheriff of the county. (See history of Indiana about the early life of W. P. Thomasson, by Gov. Wm. H. English, just published.) Corydon was at that time not only the capital of the State of In- diana, but in reality the capital of the whole Northwest Territory. Mr. Thomasson soon after removed to Louisville, Ky., and was for many years a member of Con- gress from the Louisville district. On his father's side. Nelson Thomasson can trace his genealogy back to the Huguenots (see Dupuy family tree), and on his mother's side to the Pilgrim Fathers. A Captain Pierce commanded the Mayflower on several of her voyages (see the Pierce book). The name Thomasson is essentially English, and prom- inent in the nation. There is to-day (1892) a Thomasson in the English parliament. Nelson re- ceived a good education, attending private schools and the academy at Louisville, and when eighteen years old removed to Chicago and became a stu- dent and clerk in the law office of Messrs. Morris, Thomasson & Blackburn, and later held a similar position in the ofifice of Mr. John G. Rogers, after- ward Judge of the Circuit Court of Cook County for several terms. Nelson Thomasson attended the law lectures of Louisville, Kentucky, during the junior class of 1859 and '60, and attended the law lectures of i860 and "61 in Chicago, and his ,y^^C&7n^ ^=?^-eC^rx.,n...,_£:p^^a^ BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIiWARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. 285 name is in the catalogue of the first year's grad- uates of the Chicago Law School. Judge Henry Booth delivering him the diploma. At the open- ing of the War of the Rebellion, he abandoned his law studies, and enlisting in the army, entered the United States service as a member of the "Sturges Rifles," one of the most noted companies that Chicago sent to the war, and being one of the only two companies in the Union army not connected with a regiment. These companies were mustered into the service for a special purpose, and were mustered out at the time General ^McClellan was relieved of his command. Mr. Thomasson was promoted to the regular army after the campaign in Western Virginia, becoming a member of the Company E, Fifth Regiment U. S. Infantry. He was at once ordered to his regiment in New Mexico, and when on the way to the regiment, he was retained to drill and instruct recruits; first at Fort Leavenworth and afterward at Fort Riley. During his five years' stay in New Mexico, he was an almost dailj' companion of the famous Kit Carson. After joining his regiment he served in the campaign against the Texans, said Tcxans were commanded by the rebel Generals Sibley and Bailey, and against the numerous Indian tribes of Arizona, Colorado and New Mexico, there being in his command besides his regiment, several of the regular army, three Colorado regi- ments, four California regiments and one regiment of regular artillery. It was during this time that occurred the celebrated Navajo campaign, led by the famous fighter, General James H. Carle- ton. His entire command was engaged in this campaign some three years, and he removed the Navajo tribe of Indians from West of the Rio Grande to Fort Sumter, one-hundred miles East on the Pecos rivet, and kept them there until they became semi-civilized, when General Sher- man had them returned to where they are now, at Fort Wingate, on the Rio Fuerco. On several occasions during the war, Mr. Thomasson's regi- ment was ordered to return to the States, but the orders were countermanded by General Canby upon the plea that he could not spare it from his command. As to Captain Thomasson's history during his army service, it is too long to incorpo- rate here, and we will have to refer the reader to Colonel Guy \ . Henry's able book on army ap- pointments, published in the " seventies,"' also the many complimentary orders and reports in the War Department at Washington. After the close of the war, Mr. Thomasson was engaged in the recruiting service for one year at Chicago, and another year at Newton Barracks, after which he was ordered to join his regiment on the Western plains, where he continued in service until De- cember, 1S70. Upon the reduction of the regular army about that time, Mr. Thomasson resigned from the service, receiving one year's pay in ad- vance, as six hundred other regular army officers did at this time. Upon retiring to private life, he took up his abode in Chicago, and at once en- gaged in the real estate business, meeting with marked success from the start. One of his first real estate transactions was the purchase of a tract of one-hundred and sixty acres lying south from Chicago, now known as " Pitner's Subdivision," in which Judge Gwynn Garnett was associated with him. They paid for this land one hundred and forty dollars per acre, and sold it for four hundred dollars per acre, thus realizing from this one tran- saction a snug little fortune. His unusual success continued uninterruptedly until the financial crisis of 1873 swept over the country, when, like so many others, he lost nearly everything that he had made ; but fortunately was enabled to meet his obligations and pay his debts dollar for dol- lar. During the several years succeeding this panic, when real estate business was paralyzed, and the values were depreciated, and trade in all lines was dull, he never lost heart, but with strong determination to regain his losses worked with a will, much of the time at his daily duty fourteen hours per day. With the return of prosperous times, Mr. Thomasson's business revived, so that he not only regained his former financial standing, but far surpassed it, and now (1892) is counted among the wealthy real estate owners of Chicago. In connection with an extensive brokerage business, he handles much of his own property, and with facilities unsurpassed, is always prepared to buy, sell, lease or exchange city or suburban property of every description. His long experience ren- ders his opinions of great value to those seeking his counsels. While Mr. Thomasson owns a large amount of real estate, his investments have extended into other channels as well. He is a large stockholder 286 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. in all the Chicago street railway companies, and owns a large amount of stock in various buildings, among which are the Chemical Bank building, and also in many of the industrial companies. Mr. Thomasson is a man of fine personal and social qualities, and is exceedingly popular among his wide circle of friends and acquaintances. Mr. Thomasson is a Republican — not a partisan nor a sycophant ; but he is content to work hard at every election for the success of good officers and honest government, but says he has been an office- holder for ten years of his life, and is satisfied to let others scramble for ofifices. He is a member of the Oriental Lodge, No. 33, and also of the Apollo Commandery of Knights Templar. He also belongs to the Loyal Legion, and to the Union League and Washington Park clubs, and also the Union Club on the North Side. Mr. Thomasson is a man of fine literary attain- ments, and in his elegant library has probably the finest collection of Napoliana and Americana in Chicago. He is an interesting conversationalist and ready thinker, and well posted on all topics of the day. In stature, slightly above the medium height, stockily built, quick and active in his movements, and possesses a decidedly military bearing. His success in life is due mainly to his own unaided efforts. He has earned for himself a nam.e that will always be identified with the his- tory of Chicago. Mr. Thomasson was married in 1873 to Miss Nanniene Mason Norton, of Louisville, Kentucky, who descended from the well-known Douglass families of Virginia and originally from Scotland. This little lady is very popular among her many admiring friends, and when she gives receptions, few, if any, regrets are ever sent. They have three children — Leonard, Nelson and Nanniene Thomasson. EDWARD R LAWRENCE, CHICAGO, ILL. THE person whose name stands at the head of this sketch was born on the 29th of Oc- tober, 1835, at Groton, Middlesex county, Massa- chusetts, which was the home of several previous generations of his family. His father was Benja- min F. Lawrence, and his mother, Elizabeth Fenelly Staples. In 1837 they moved to Bclvi- dere, Boone county, Illinois, where their boy attended the public schools. He afterwards studied under Rev. Arthur B. Fuller, brother of Margaret Fuller, Countess af Ossoli, for about two years, and in 1847 he was sent to Lawrence Academy, Groton, Massachusetts, of which Rev. James Means was the .principal. He returned home in 1849, 'i"'^ ^^'"^^ placed by his father in a country store, conducted by Henry Loop and Sons, where he spent the winter of 1849-50. In the spring of 1850, he was in the employ of Honorable Robert W. Waterman, now Governor of California, at Genoa, DeKalb county, Illinois, and in the summer of the same year he moved to Sycamore, same county, and went into the em- ploy of J. S. and J. C. Waterman, brothers of his' former employer. The experience of those years was all gained in what are known as " coun- try stores," dealing in everything usually kept in such establishments, and tended to pre-pare him for other fields of labor. In the fall of 1850, Mr. Lawrence's father was in Boston, purchasing goods for his own store at Belvidere, and while there, apprenticed his son to Messrs. Whitney and Fenno, one of the leading dry goods jobbing houses of that period. With this house Mr. Lawrence remained six years, dur- ing the several changes which took place in the firm name, gaining experience and business train- ing, and winning the confidence and esteem of his employers. A portion of his term of service was spent as a .salesman of the firm, in traveling through a scope of country of which Chicago was one corner, St. Paul and Minneapolis, then St. Anthony's Falls, another. Rock Island another, and then across country by way of the Illinois ri\er, back to Chicago. In those days railroads were few, and sleeping cars unknown, the distances be- tween different places being made, except on the Mississippi and Illinois rivers, by horses. In the winter the vehicle was a sleigh, and at other sea- -^"' rQ.^.... f^^^-^ BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLI:RY. 2S9 sons a wagon. Many ludicrous incidents occurred, one of them, which Mr. Lawrence relates to the writer, will serve as an illustration. While mak- ing a trip through Wisconsin in a covered wagon, with two other drummers (that being the name by which parties traveling to solicit trade are known), each representing different lines of busi- ness, they were crossing the Wisconsin river, just before reaching Prairie du Chien, when they met a St. Louis drummer who had stopped his horse at a hole in the ice for the purpose of letting him drink. Noticing that he had a singular outfit with which to make his journey, they hailed him and he responded. His horse was so poor as to cause them to wonder whether he would be able to stand alone when taken from his harness. The harness consisted of a few ropes, with the necessary knots here and there to keep it from falling off. His vehicle was a sleigh, of the kind called by half-breed Frenchmen, " a train." The whole outfit, including the horse, if put up at auc- tion, would not have brought ten dollars. Mr. Lawrence was the spokesman of his party, and after learning that he had been from home nearly six weeks, asked him how and where he had come by that turnout. His reply was, that when he left St. Louis he had a fine pair or horses, new harness, Buffalo robes and new leather top buggy. His desire for trading was so great that he had begun to swap horses, and had indulged in that luxury from time to time, and before them was the result. He concluded by advising Mr. Law- rence to beware of horse traders. Occasionally the monotony of the trip was varied by a break-down, and one was recalled which, at the time, bade fair to be a serious and uncomfortable accident. Fortunately, it hap- pened near a house. The break was in the whiffle-tree. A new one was a necessity, the ironing of which required the boring of holes. The only tool on the place was an a.xe — not at all handy for boring a half-inch hole — that being the size needed. Neither Lawrence nor his com- panions knew how to get out of the trouble, nor could the host give the necessary information. Fortunately, deliverance was near at hand, for, later in the evening. Elder Bronson, a Methodist Episcopal preacher, on his circuit, arrived at the house. This man, who had been on the frontier as a missionary' for more than fifty years, knew what to do. He first ordered a big fire in the open fireplace, and in it threw the old whiffle-tree, iron work and all. The wood was soon consumed and the irons released. But how to bore the holes with an a.xe was the difficulty for Mr. Law- rence and his companions. To the Elder it was perfectly easy. He took one of the hot irons and soon made a hole by burning. By midnight the job was finished, and, while not so handsome as the broken whiffle-tree, the new one was stronger and carried them safely through. Then Mr. Law- rence and his companions e.xpressed their thank- fulness, and united with the Elder in prayer and praise for their deliverance. Mr. Lawrence came to Chicago in 1858, and has resided there ever since. He has been engaged in various lines of business, and has been a mem- ber of the Chicago Board of Trade since 1859. He is one of the directors of the World's Colum- bian Exposition, and has been for more than twenty years a director of the First National Bank of Chicago. As a business man, he has been suc- cessful beyond the ordinary lot of men, and en- joys the reputation in the commercial world of being clear-headed. He is cool and deliberate in his judgments, a good judge of men, and is uni- versally esteemed for his integrity, his hospitable nature, and engaging, social qualities. A marked characteristic throughout his life has been his ready adaptation to circumstances and environ- ments ; and a rule of his life has been to make the best of everything. He is a man of even temperament, and while prosperity has never caused him to be elated overmuch, misfortunes and disappointments have not cast him down. In his business relations and in his private life he has sustained a manliness and nobility of character that have won for him universal confi- dence and esteem. In politics he has always been a Democrat, and takes great interest in the success of his party. At the same time, he extends to those who differ with him in political faith, that toleration which he demands for himself. Mr. Lawrence married Mary, the youngest daughter of David and Agnes Ballentinc, of Wau- kegan. Lake county, Illinois, on the twenty-third day of May, 1861. They have one son, Dwight. Mr. Lawrence is a man of fine presence, being large in stature, and robust in constitution. He 290 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. is courteous and dignified, l' sentence. In October, 1873, Mr. Norton married Miss Frances Rumsey. daughter'of George F. Rumsey, Esq., of this city. They have two daughters liv- ing. Besides his residence here he has also a summer residence at Lake Geneva, where he en- joys, after his professional duties, the company of his accomplished wife and daughters, whom it is his greatest pleasure to surround with ever)- com- fort and luxury. EDWARD B. BUTLER, CHICAGO, ILL. EDWARD B. BUTLER, one of the direct- ors of the World's Columbian Exposition, is a native of the Pine Tree State, and was born at Lewiston, December 16, 1853. When he was five years old his family removed to Boston, where he received such education as was afforded by the grammar and high schools of that city. He was brought up to work, and between school hours assisted his father, who was engaged in the retail grocery business. This may be said to be his first mercantile experience, but at the age of sixteen he left school and engaged with a whole- sale dr>' goods and notion house, where, filling successively the usual positions of bundle-boy, packer, entry clerk and shipper, he became a traveling salesman for the house at the early age of eighteen. The next five years, engaged as a commercial traveler, first through New England and Canada, and afterward in the Western States, are regarded by Mr. Butler as among the most important of his life, because of the practical knowledge of business and merchants thus gained, and which it seems impossible to acquire in any other way. In 1877 he returned to Boston, and with his brother, George H. Butler, started in business under the firm name of Butler Brothers, their brother, Charles H., joining them a year later. The coming together of these three brothers meant certain ultimate success, but a history of the marvelous and extremely rapid growth of this house would read almost like a fairy tale. At first the firm dealt only in notions and small wares, and except that its members were unusu- ally alert and active, its business was not materi- ally different from that of a dozen other firms then engaged in a similar line of trade. In January, 1878, however, a decided and rad- ical change was made, an innovation so abrupt and original in the methods of doing business as to place this firm prominently before the mercan- tile world as the creators of a new line of trade so peculiarly its own as to necessitate for it a new classification in the business directory of that day. They inaugurated among the retailers of America the " five-cent counter plan," a method which in itself seemed so trifling as to appear but a passing " bright idea " — a mere incident in mer- rku^%a_d^ \\cr^ BIOGRAPHICAL D/CTIOXARV AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. 309 chandising — yet which has proven tlie foundation of the wonderfully successful " department stores " of the present day. The business increased with great strides to marvelous proportions, since merchants everywhere, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, were practically dependent upon this one house for their " department store " goods. The idea of supplying thousands of articles which could be retailed at a uniform price was hardly more novel than the radical departure from exist- ing business methods which the firm of Butler Brothers made in its manner of soliciting trade. Instead of sending out a great number of travel- ing men. they issued a comprehensive catalogue, stjled by them •" Our Drummer," which, growing with the business, is to-day without doubt the most original and effective publication of its kind in the world. Mr. Butler is now president of the corporation — still retaining the name of Butler Brothers — which he, with his brothers, now dead, founded ; with two houses, one in New York and the other in Chicago, employing more than three hundred men, and doing d yearly business of more than five million dollars. In order to give some idea of the magnitude of the adver- tising features of this house, we will state that last year upward of forty thousand dollars were paid for postage stamps for mailing the cata- logue from their Chicago house alone. To origi- nate, establish and carry to a successful issue such a scheme requires peculiar endowments in the man who has so succeeded. Mr. Butler is the pos- sessor of the qualifications needed. He is cool and deliberate in his judgment, a good judge of men, far-sighted and clear in his views of men and events. He is a man of courage, combined with that energy and perseverance that will overcome difificulties. To these qualities he adds a sa- gacity and self-possession which enables him to employ his powers to the best advantage in all the affairs of life. The world owes much to such men. He is one of those who will behave with moderation under both good fortune and bad ; who will know how to be exalted and how to be abased ; neither excessively elated with suc- cess, nor cast down by failure. He is graceful and dignified in person and manner, and culti- vated in his tastes, which of course he can gratify. He takes a special interest in all matters pertain- ing to moral progress, and contributes liberally of his money to the support of every worthy cause, having lately erected a building containing a picture gallery, a reading-room and branch of the Public Library-, and donated it to the Hull House settlement, which is located in the midst of Chicago's poor, in the southwestern portion of the city. The supervision of the immense busi- ness, as well as several private enterprises, and as director in a bank and trustee in four public institutions, together with his duties as vice-chair- man of the Ways and Means Committee of the World's Columbian E.xposition, combine to make Mr. Butler one of the extremely busy men of Chicago. He is, however, always accessible to visitors, and receives all with cordial and un- feigned courtesy. He is a lover of the fine arts, and has a gallery at his residence, in which are hung many fine paintings. He is known to be an open-handed giver, particularly to objects which aim to help the poor to help themselves, and im- prove the mental and moral condition of men. Mr. Butler was married in 18S0 to Miss Jennie Holley, of Nor\valk, Connecticut, a lady of rare attainments, added to much beauty of person and character, and who is greatly admired by a wide circle of friends. CHARLES FRANCIS DAVIES, CHICAGO, ILL. THE subject of this biography is one of the attention, there are few lawyers who are better most substantial young lawyers practicing posted than he. at the Chicago bar. He is well versed in all the He was born February 20, 1865, at Urbana, elemcntar>- principles of the law, as well as the Illinois, and is the son of Benjamin M. and Eliza- technicalities and subtlctit.'s of his profession, and beth (Cook) Davies. His father is a wealth)- re- in corporation law, to which he has given special tired lumberman. Charles Francis commenced 3IO BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARV A.XD PORTRAIT GALLERY. his education in the pubHc schools. He spent four years in Washburn College, at Topeka, Kan- sas, and was graduated from that institution in 1884. During the last two years he was in col- lege he not only kept up his classical and scien- tific studies, but also found considerable time to devote to the study of the law in the office of an attorney at Topeka. He after\vards attended the Yale Law College two years, and was graduated therefrom in 1886. He was then admitted to the bar, and immediately settled in Chicago, where he has practiced law alone ever since with excel- lent success. He now has a lar^e clientage among the wealthy citizens and large corpora- tions of Chicago, occup\-ing an elegant suite of offices in the Rookery building, and enjoying a luxurious 'home on Prairie avenue agreeably envi- roned. He is now reaping the reward of his years of hard study and early industry. Mr. Davies is a member of the Union League Club, the Carle- ton Club, and the Union Veteran League Club. He was married in 1886 to Miss Lena Tipton, of Jacksonville, Illinois, a highly educated lady, finely accomplished in music, painting and draw- ing. They have two children : BenAlla Francis and LuBcth Marjjurite. CHARLES FREDERICK GUNTHER. CHICAGO, ILL. AMONG the men who have visited most quarters of the globe and made use of the artistic, scientific and practical knowledge that they had thus obtained, for the benefit of their fellow-men, none is more favorably known, nor has made better use of their advantages, thus ob- tained, for the city of Chicago and its inhabitants, than has the subject of this biograph}\ He was born in Wildberg, a beautiful town located in the celebrated " Black Forest " district of W'Urtem- berg. South Germany, on March 6, 1837. When a lad of five years, his parents immigrated to the United States, the ocean voyage occupj-ing fifty-two days between Havre and New York. They finally settled at Columbia, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. In 1848, the family moved to the mountain district in Somerset county, and it was here and in the place of their previous residence that Charles obtained his ele- mentary education, by attending pri\ate schools. Our subject early in life showed those traits of in- dependence and love of adventure and travel that have characterized his later life, and when but a mere child he made daily journeys over the mountains, carrj^ing the United States mail. His daily trip was twenty miles and return. For this service he received twenty-five cents per diem. In the spring of 1850 the family removed to Peru, Illinois, journeying by the Pennsylvania canal to Pittsburg, thence by the rivers to St. Louis, and thence up to the headwaters of the Illinois river. Here young Gunther attended pri- vate and public schools, and at an early age be- gan his business career in a general store, which he soon left to accept a position in a drug store. He became a competent drug clerk, and also studied the rudiments of medical science. His next po- sition was in the post office at Peru, where he be- came manager of the office. Following that he became an employe in the bank of Alexander Cruickshank, who represented the famous banking house of George Smith and Co. of Chicago. He remained with this firm five years, and after three years in their employ, was made cashier of the bank. In those days Peru was a great ice pack- ing depot, whence large quantities of this com- modity' were shipped to southern cities. Young Gunther, through his business relations, became intimately acquainted with prominent business men of the South, which at that time offered great opportunities to an ambitious young man. Resigned his position in the early fall of i860, he went thither, and after visiting all of the leading cities of the Southern states, settled in Memphis, accepting a position with Messrs. Bohlen, Wilson and Co., the leading ice firm in the South. The opening of the war of the Rebellion about this time, paralyzed mercantile business in the South. After the firing upon Fort Sumter and the proclamation by President Lincoln, closing the ports of all Southern cities, a majority of the population of the South enlisted in the Confeder- BTOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT CALLER Y. 313 ;iic Army, and many of the " Sons of the North " fled from the southern territory. Not so with Mr. Gunther; he believed, witli many others in tlie South, that the trouble would be short lived, and remained faithfully at his post. When the block- ade became effective and all mercantile pursuits practically dead, he accepted a position on the Arkansas River steamer, " Rose Dout^las," in the service of the Confederate Government, as pur- chasing steward and subsequently as purser. He navigated all of the southern rivers tributary to the Mississippi, transporting troops, conscripts and supplies. By the capture of Memphis and New Orleans, this steamer, while up the Arkansas river was blockaded, and afterward was captured and burned at \'an Huren, Arkansas, by Gen. Blunt's army, consisting principally of Kansas troops. Mr. Gunther, upon being liberated, was courteously entertained at the headquarters of the commanding general, and also at the head- quarters of his successor. Gen. Scofield. He next journeyed northward to Fort Scott and thence to Fort Leavenworth, traveling partly on horse- back and partly on a captured coach, there being then no railroads in that part of Missouri and Kansas. Returning to his old home in Peru, he remained there three days and then accepted a position, for a short time, in a bank at Peoria, made vacant by the temporary illness of an em- ploye. He next accepted a situation as traveling sales- man for the wholesale confectionery of C. \^^ Sanford, of Chicago, and became one of the first representatives of Chicago that sold goods throughout the South. He placed large amounts of goods in the cities of the reconstructed South and he also represented the firm in the States of Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, West Virginia and Kentucky. It was while employed as a traveling salesman that he made his first trip to Europe and so familiarized himself with European lan- guages and customs that he was afterward en- abled to converse fluently with those of his cus- tomers whi> had been reared on the other side of the Atlantic. Tempted by an increased salary he next en- tered the employ of Thompson, Johnson and Co., wholesale grocers on South Water street. He represented the house in the West for two years, but finding the business uncongenial he re- turned to the line in which he had become so prominent, and became the Chicago representa- tive of Messrs. Greenfield, Young and Co., the leading New York confectioners, for whom his travels covered the New England, MiilcUe and Western States. In the fall of 1868 he opened a retail store at No. 125 Clark street, Chicago, on his own account, it being the first establishment ojiened in Chi- cago introducing high grade confections. Mr. Gunther was the first confectioner to man- ufacture and introduce the famous caramels as now made and sold throughout the United States and Europe, a fact in which betakes a justifiable pride. The general conflagration of 1871 totally de- stroyed his establishment and left him absolutely without resources, but with characteristic enter- prise he immediately reopened business in a small way and soon recuperated his losses, and was re- warded with great subsequent success. Mr. Gunther has a decided inclination for ad- venture and travel, and has visited all the ex- positions of note in Europe, and he has traveled in every country from the land of the " midnight sun" to Constantinople and Damascus; he has also journeyed to the Holy Land, through Egypt, Syria and the countries lying adjacent to the Mediterranean, including Morocco, Algeria, Tri- poli, Spain, Portugal, Italy and Turkey. He speaks French, German and Spanish fluently, and he is perfectly at home in all of the capitals of Europe. In 1879 ^I""- Gunther was one of a commission organized to make a tour of Mexico with a view to opening trade relations between the two repub- lics, that up to that time had been very incon- siderable. On that tour, which was one contiual ovation, he acquired much useful information. The result of the commission's work was to call the attention of our merchants to the advantages derivable from trade relations with this sister republic, which at that time had no railroad con- nections with the United States. Mr. Gunther has indulged his innate love for historical and scientific research to the fullest ex- tent, and has secured the finest historical collec- tion in the United States. This collection com- prises manuscripts of the most ancient writings of the world, from the stone rolls of the Assyrian of 314 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY AND PORTRAIT GALLERY. the Babylonian period, and in fact, parchments and writings on papyrus from the days of the earhest Pharaohs down to modern times. He undoubtedly possesses the rarest and finest collec- tion of Bibles in the world, including the famous Martha Washington Bible, also that of Washing- ton's sister Betty, also the first New Testament printed in the English language at Worms, Ger- many, by Tindal, about 1528, and all of the first Bibles printed on the American continent, includ- ing the Elliot Indian Bibles, and the first German Bible, by Sauer, 1743, and the first American Bible by Atkinson, 1782. He also owns historic man- uscripts of all nations of many centuries past, in- cluding an autograph of Shakespeare and origi- nal manuscripts of Goethe, Schiller, Tasso, Michael Angelo, Gallileo, Moliere, and many others ; also original manuscripts of all the world's famous writers, poets, musicians, kings, queens, clergy- men and politicians, including the original manu- scripts of "Home Sweet Home," "Old Lang Syne," " Old Grimes" and " Lead, Kindly Light." He also has all the earlist maps of America from 1507 up, and the first edition of the Cosmographie of Martin Waldseemuller which was the first book that gave the name of America to the New World ; also a large number of relics of George Washington, covering his entire career, as well as of Abraham Lincoln, and of all other American historical characters. His collection also includes the famous portrait of Columbus by Sir Antonio Moro, painted about 1552, from two miniatures then in possession at the Palace of Pardos, Spain. Washington Irving pronounced this the best and truest likeness of Columbus extant, and used an engraved copy of it (afterwards destroyed by fire) as a frontispiece for his second revised English edition of his " Life of Columbus." The collection also con- tains six original portraits of Washington, in- cluding the first ever made of him, by the elder Peale, and the only portrait in existence of Wash- ington's sister Betty and her husband. One of the greatest attractions that is at present on exhibition in Chicago, and one that will doubtless excite the interest of the many thousands that will visit the Columbian Expo- sition, is the W^ar Museum contained in the celebrated Libby Prison, that was several years ago removed to Chicago from Richmond, Vir- ginia. This vast undertaking was successfully accomplished by Mr. Gunther, associated with Mr. W. H. Gray and other public-spirited men of Chicago, and to them Chicago is indebted for the finest collection of war relics on the American continent. The great collection of interesting and historical war relics with which the Libby Prison is filled is the private property of Mr. Gunther, and is loaned by him to the associa- tion. Mr. Gunther is president of The Libby Prison War Museum Association, also a prominent mem- ber of the Chicago Historical Society, and a trustee of the Academy of Science. He is a member of the Union League and Iroquois Clubs. He became a Master Mason in Peru, 111., in i860, and during his thirty-one years' membership he has passed through many degrees, including the Knights Templar, Oriental Consistory (thirty- second degree) and Sovereign Grand Inspector- General of the thirty-third and last degree of the Northern Jurisdiction, U. S. A. He is also a member of the Mystic Shrine. In 1869, he was marrried to Miss Jennie Bur- nell, of Lima, Indiana. They have two sons — Burnell, now a student at Berlin, Germany, and Paris, twenty years old ; and Whitman, aged eighteen. Mrs. Gunther is a highly educated and refined woman, active in charitable and religious work. Mr. and Mrs. Gunther are active members of Grace Episcopal Church. In politics, Mr. Gunther had been for many years affiliated with the Republican party, but being fully in sympathy with Mr. Cleveland's views on the tariff, supported that gentleman for the presidency. He believes in "tariff for rev- enue onl)-." As a business man, Mr. Gunther has been enter- prising, energetic and always abreast of the times, and has been rewarded by an ample fortune. His business motto has always been, " Not how cheap, but how good ? " He undoubtedly has the largest retail trade in fine confections of any house in the United States, and his store is not surpassed in beauty or arrangement by that of any of its kind in the world. Mr. Gunther has attained to a position of prominence through his own exer- tions, and may justly be proud of what he has wrought. He is a man of generous impulses and gives liberally of his time and money to all worthy BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. 315 causes, and in everything that he does tries to by his friends and highly esteemed by his fellow- make the world brighter and better. He is loved citizens. JAMES D. MARSHALL, CHICAGO, ILL. AMONGST Chicago's representative men who have materially aided in the advancement and prosperity of the city, few are better known, and none are more worthy of a place in this work than is the subject of this sketch. James D. Marshall was born in Ogdensburg, N. Y., October 24, 1824. He is of Scotch de- scent, his father coming to this country from Paisley, Scotland, in the year 1796. James re- ceived the rudiments of education at the public schools of his native town. When he became six- teen years of age his parents decided to prepare him for a professional calling, and accordingly sent him to Fort Covington. N. Y., where he pur- sued a special academic course of three years, graduating at the end of that time. He ne.\t entered the office of Dr. Pierce at Madrid, St. Lawrence county, N. Y., and there began the study of medicine. This sedentary life did not find favor with one of his active dis- position ; relinquishing, therefore, the study of medicine, he ne.xt entered the employ of Allen Lincoln, a tanner, at Fort Covington, N. V., where for the next succeeding two years he occu- pied his time in acquiring a thorough kno'vledge of the business. Completing his apprenticeship, he shipped for a time as a sailor on the Great Lakes in the employ of E. G. Merrick, but subse- quently tiring of this life. His keen perception enabled him to early fore- see the immense possibilities that awaited the City of Chicago, and in 1849 ^^ directed his steps to the Garden City, which place was destined to be- come the field of his future operations. The sum total he possessed was but S40. His capital did not, however, consist of money. A plentiful supply of brains and a strong determination to succeed were the qualifications he possessed. He found Jerome Heecher, whom he had formerly known in New York, and from him obtained em- ployment in the tannery business. His next em- ployer was Walter S. Gurney, who afterwards be- came Mayor of Chicago. He remained with Mr. Gurney until 1853, \\hen he resigned to enter into partnership with Wm. L. Gray and Robert B. Clark, the latter being a brother of the present collector of customs. The firm of Gray, Marshall and Co. was then established. They continued in business until the death of Mr. Clark, which oc- curred in 1864, after which the firm became Gray and Marshall. They established the first e.xclusive sole leather tannery in the West. The business continued to prosper until the fire of 1871, after which Mr. Gray withdrew to establish the Hide and Leather National Bank of Chicago, of which he is now the President. Mr. Marshall then assumed entire control of the business. During a period of nineteen years of partner- ship between Messrs. Gray and ^Lirshall, so har- monious did they agree that no dispute or differ- ence ever occurred. W'hile Mr. Marshall's success and fortune are the result of his own sterling integrity, yet he at- tributes much of it to the counsel and business abilities of his friend and former partner, Mr. Gray. Under Mr. Marshall's direction, the business steadily advanced, until his trade extends (as it does to-day) throughout the United States. Thus we have practical proof of a man begin- ning with $40, overcoming all obstacles and emerging from life's stern battle triumphant and victorious. A remarkable fact in connection with his forty- two years' residence in Chicago is during that time he has never been confined to his home a single hour by sickness or accident. In Masonic circles he is well and favorably known and is a member of Covenant Lodge. Co- rinthian Chapter, and St. Bernard Commandery. Ever since his installation he has taken an active interest in all things pertaining to the welfare of the order. i6 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. In religious faith, a Presbyterian ; for more than twenty-five years a member of Dr. Goodwin's congregation. He has traveled much, as is evidenced from the fact that he has visited ever)- city of importance in America and Xova Scotia, believing in seeing and knowing his native country rather than foreign ones. In June 24, 1854. he was married to Miss Ade- line Barker of Babcock's Grove, Illinois, and was called to mourn her loss on the fifth anniversary of their marriage. The result of this union was one daughter, now married to Mr. Arthur Gray, of Chicago. Mr. Marshall did not again marry until February, 1861, this time to Mrs. Augusta A. Hall of Chicago. They have two children, viz., George A., who is a prosperous leather merchant on Lake street, this city, and who married Miss Dona Wheeler, an accomplished young lady of Marshall, Michi- gan, and Charles Gray, connected with his father's business, both of whom bid fair to follow in the honorable paternal footsteps. In manner Mr. Marshall is pleasing and courte- ous, but of strong determination, w'ithal possess- ing a kind, sympathetic disposition. He is a phi- lanthropist in the best sense of the word, and one of the few who give unostentatiously. A barrel of flour or stock of provisions given to some needy family is a favorite mode of his bestowing charitj-. He has made an untarnished record and un- spotted reputation as a business man; upright, re- liable and honorable. In all places and under all circumstances he is loyal to truth, honor and right, justly valuing his own self-respect as infi- nitely more valuable than wealth, fame or posi- tion. In those finer traits of character which combine to form that which we term friendship, which endear and attach man to man in bonds which nothing but the stain of dishonor can sever, which triumph and shine brightest in the hour of adversity — in these qualities he is royally en- dowed. Few men have more devoted friends than he; none excel him in unselfish devotion and unswerving fidelity to the worthy recipients of his confidence and friendship. WILLIAM HEATH BVFORD, LL.D., M.D. CHICAGO, ILL. WILLIAM HEATH BYFORD was born on March 20, 1817. in the village of Eaton, Ohio, and was the son of Henry T. and Hannah Byford. The family is of English ex- traction, and has been traced back to Suffolk. His father, a mechanic of limited means, to bet- ter his condition, removed to the Falls of the Ohio River, now New Albany, whence, in 1821. he changed his residence to Hindostan, Martin county, Indiana, where he suddenly died, leaving a widow and three children. William, the eldest, in his ninth year, was compelled to give up his studies, which he had pursued with signal success for three or four years in the neighboring country school, in order to help his mother in the support of the family. F"or the next four years he worked at whatever he could find to do, and his scant earnings often dropped into the lap of his wid- owed mother like blessings from above. At the end of that time his mother moved to Crawford county, Illinois, and joined her father. After working two years on his grandfather's farm, the condition of the family being somewhat im- proved, it was decided that William's wish to learn a trade should be gratified. Accordingly, he set out on foot for the village of Palestine, several miles distant, and on reaching it presented him- self at a blacksmith shop and asked the smith if he would undertake to teach him how to shoe horses and become a skillful worker in iron. The blacksmith declined to have anything to do with him, and the would-be apprentice continued his tramp from one shop to another, with no better success, until he finally caught sight of a tailor's sign, and concluded to try his luck wMth the clothes-maker. He had no particular fancy for this occupation, but he had come to town to make all necessary preparations for learning a trade, and he was determined not to return home before the accomplishment of his purpose. The tailor, whom Dr. Byford always mentioned as "a kind-hearted, Christian gentleman, bv the name of #- ■// (fl^y/^^ BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AM) PORTRAIT GALLERY. 319 Davis," received the young man kindly, and when he started home that night it had been agreed that he should be received by the tailor's family as an apprentice, provided a certain Methodist minister in the neighborhood would recommend him as "a moral anil industrious boy." The rec- ommendation secured, he was soon installed as an apprentice, and held the position for two years, when Mr. Davis removed to Kentucky. During the ensuing four years he finished learning his trade in the employ of a tailor at Vincennes, Indiana. The boy was now twenty years old. While serving his apprenticeship he devoted all his spare time to study, and day after day. while working on a garment, he had concealed some old text-book, bought or borrowed, which contributed to his stock of knowledge. In this way he mas- tered the construction of his native tongue, ac- quired some knowledge of the Latin, Greek and French languages, and studied with especial care physiolog>', chemistry and natural history. About eighteen months before the expiration of his term of apprenticeship, Jie determined to devote his life to the study and practice of medi- cine, and subsequently placed himself under the professional guidance of Dr. Joseph Maddox, of Vincennes, Indiana. Soon after the expiration of his term of apprenticeship, he was examined, according to a custom then prevailing in Indiana, by three commissioners appointed for the pur- pose, who certified that they were satisfied with his acquirements and authorized him to engage in the practice of medicine. At once he began the practice of his profession at Owensville, Gib- son county, Indiana. This was on August 8th, 1838. In 1S40 he removed to Mount Vernon, Indiana, ' where he associated himself with Dr. Hezekiah Holland, whose daughter he afterwards married. He remained in Mount Vernon until 1850. During this period he attended lectures at the Ohio Medical College, in Cincinnati, and in 1845 he applied for and received a regular graduation and an accredited diploma from that institution. In 1847 he performed two Carsarian sections, and wrote an e.xcellent account of the operations. One of these patients survived the ojieration for some days, but ultimately died from peritonitis, presumably due to an error in diet. This was followed by contributions to the medical journals which attracted the attention of the medical community, and gave their author a respectable reputation for literary acquirements, intellectual penetration and scientific knowledge. In October, 1850, he was elected to the chair of anatomy in the Evansville Medical College, Indi- ana, and two years later he was transferred to the chair of theory and practice of medicine, which he held until the extinction of the college, in 1854. During his professorship in Kvansville he was one of the editors of a medical journal of merit. In May, 1857, he was elected vice-presi- dent of the American Medical Association, then assembled at Nashville, Tennessee, and in the following autumn he was called to the chair of obstetrics and diseases of women and children in the Rush Medical College, at Chicago, vacated by Dr. John Evans, the talented physician and Uni- ted States senator from Colorado. This position he held for two years, when, together with several associates, he aided in the organization of the Chicago Medical College. In this institution he occupied the chair of obstetrics and diseases of women and children, and continued to hold the professorship of diseases of women and children until 1879, when he was again called to Rush Medical College to fill the chair of gynecology, especially created for his occupancy. In 1870 he became one of the founders of the Woman's Medical College, of Chicago. He was made president of the faculty, and also of the board of trustees, and both of these positions he held up to the day of his death. He was prominently identified with the organization of the American Gynecological Society, having been elected one of its first vice-presidents, and its president in 1881. Dr. Byford was the prime mover in the successful organization of the Chicago Gyneco- logical Society, and through his personal efforts maintained it during its struggling infancy until it had attained its high standing in the profes- sion. Dr. Byford was married, October 3, 1840, to Mary Anne Holland, daughter of Hezekiah Hol- land, by whom he had five children, two son.s, the late Wm. H. Byford, Jr., M. D., and Dr. Henry T. Byford, the distinguished gynecologist, of Chi- cago, and three daughters, Mrs. Anna Byford Leonard, Mrs. Mary B. Schuyler and Mrs. Maud B. Van Schaack. Mrs. Byford died in 1864. She 320 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AND PORTRAIT GALLERY. was a woman of rare Christian piety. In 1873 he married Miss Lina W. Flersheim, of Buffalo, N. Y., who survives him. Tlic only cliild of the second union died in infancy. Dr. Byford won merited fame as a prolific writ- er and as an authority in gynecology. Beginning with his paper on Caesarian section, published in 1847, he has contributed much of permanent value to every phase of the subject. In 1864 he published his first book, entitled, " Chronic In- flammation and Displacements of the Unim- prcgnated Uterus," which is also the first medical work attributable to a Chicago author; second edi- tion, iS/i. In 1866 appeared his "Practice of Medicine and Surgery Applied to the Diseases and Accidents of Woman,'' which is extensively used as a te.xt-book, and which passed through its fourth edition in 1888. " The Philosophy of Do- mestic Life" was published in 1869, followed, in 1872, by his text-book on " Obstetrics," which passed through a second edition the following year. During a term of years he was associated with Dr. N. S. Davis, Sr., in the editorial man- agement of the Chicago Medical Journal. Later, he became editor-in-chief of the Chicago Medical Journal and Examiner, and published under the auspices of the Chicago Medical Press Associa- tion. There are many measures in practice with which his name is intimately connected ; for ex- ample, the use of ergot in fibroid tumors of the uterus; drainage per rectum of pelvis abscesses that have previously discharged into that viscus ; abdominal section for extra uterine pregnancy, proposed long before the days of Tail ; the sys- tematic use of the slippery-elm tent. Dr. Byford was richly endowed with an inven- tive faculty, which found expression in the inven- tion, modification and improvement of many val- uable surgical instruments. As a teacher in the lecture room, at the bedside or in debate. Dr. Byford's utterances were always characterized by simplicity, clearness and pertinency. No wonder, then, that his clinics were always over- crowded with students and practitioners, and that his slightest word invariably received a de- gree of attention all the more flattering because involuntarj'. But perhaps it was as a practitioner that he achieved the greatest measure of success ; wisdom and enormous experience created his vantage- ground as a consultant. It will be remembered that for more than twenty-five years he was a general practitioner, before he devoted himself exclusively to gynecology. Even then, the scope of his specialty included other organs than the womb. Like Trousseau, he was very exact in keeping his appointments. Throughout his ca- reer he was a rigid adherent to the code of ethics, because he believed its precepts both reasonable and right. It has long been customary to regard compen- sation in money as one criterion of success in the practice of medicine. Dr. Byford's professional income during the last twenty years of his life varied from twenty-five thousand to thirty thou- sand dollars per annum, and he bequeathed to his family, along with the heritage of a spotless name, a handsome fortune, well invested. He was not an extremist ; he rode no hobbies. None the less, his life had certain clearly defined and fondly cherished purposes. They were all nobly sustained. One of these was the advocacy of the medical education of women. In this cause he was the pioneer in the West. To it he gave freely of his time, of his influence, of his wealth. Another was the establishment, in Chi- cago, of the Woman's Hospital. To-day this institution, with one-third of its beds free, flour- ishes a monument to his persistent effort. He loved young men ; counsel, encouragement, recommendation, money — all were freely given, as if he were the debtor. Back of all his skill of hand and wisdom of professional judgment, there was a wonderfuHy large and generous heart. He died May 21, 1890, at the age of seventy-three years. For the last three years he showed symp- toms of heart disease that culminated in a fatal attack of angina pectoris. He continued in active practice and in full pos- session of all his faculties to the end. On the Saturday preceding his death he performed ab- dominal section for the removal of the append- ages, on account of fibroid tumors of the uterus, and on Tuesday, the day of his fatal illness, he attended to his usual professional duties. Among the people of the city of Chicago, of the State of Illinois, and, indeed, of the whole Northwest, the name of Byford has been a household word for more than a quarter of a century. By the mem- bers of his profession he was as universally be- BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. 321 loved for personal qualities as he was esteemed for professional eminence. [The above, with the exception of the para- graph referring to Dr. Byford's inventions in surgical instruments, is copied from the Amer- ican Journal of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children, Vol. XXIII. No. 6, 1890, and was written by Dr. W. W. Jaggard, an accomplished and successful physician and obstetrician, of Chicago.] LEVI ZEIGLER LEITER. CHICAGO, ILL. LZ. LEITER was born in 1834. of well-to- . do, Calvinistic Dutch parents, in the town of Leitersburg, Washington county, Maryland, founded by his ancestors. Here he received a good education, and afterwards spent several years in a country store, that universal educator of so many of our prominent men. When eight- een years of age he became dissatisfied with his quiet surroundings, and determined to sedk a wider field for the exercise of his energies. In 1833 he turned his face westward, first stop- ping at Springfield, Ohio, where he entered the store of Peter Murray, a prominent merchant, and remained one year. This place not furnish- ing the desired field, he pushed on to Chicago, arriving there in the summer of 1854. Here he entered the employment of Messrs. Downs & Van Wyck, where he remained until January, 1856, when he entered the wholesale house of Messrs. Cooley, W'adsworth & Co., in which he continued, through its various changes, until Jan- uar>' 1st, 1865. when, with Marshall Field, who entered the house at the same time, and who, with young Leiter, had secured an interest in the busi- ness, in consideration of their valuable ser\-ices, on January- 1st. 1865, sold their intere.st to John V. Farwell. and purchased a controlling interest in the business of Potter Palmer, which was con- tinued for two years as Field, Palmer & Leiter, and then as Field, Leiter & Co., until January ist, 1 88 1. By the exercise of rare intelligence, based upon the soundest principles, .the business was rapidly increased until it occupied the leading position in the country. On Januar>- Ist, 1881, Mr. Leiter, having large real estate and other interests, and longing for freedom from the daily duties of an exacting business, sold his interest to his partners, that he might devote more of his time to his family, to travel and to his choice library, which is one of the best private collections in the United States. Mr. Leiter has never sought nor held a public office, but from boyhood he has been a diligent .student of politics in its highest sense, and no one has a wider range of intelligence concerning the principles of our government and of legislation which would affect the welfare and industries of our countr)'. For many years Mr. Leiter was a director of the Chicago Relief and Aid Society, and gave much time and patient study to the wise distribu- tion of charity; and not only in this enterpri.se, but in all intelligently directed charities, he has been an honest worker and a liberal contributor when he could be convinced that money and time would produce more good than harm. The Amer- ican Sunday School Union has always been one of his favored instrumentalities of good to his fellow-man. With a keen insight into the spring which lies behind human action, he has never courted popularity, but preferred at all times, in speech and action, to do his whole duty to his fellow-man and the community in which he lived. In the rebuilding of Chicago, since the fire of 1871, Mr. Leiter has been one of the most pro- gressive and important of its citizens. He has erected many handsome office and store blocks in the business district, and is still engaged in extensive building operations, one of them being the magnificent structure on State street between Van Buren and Congress streets. Of temperate habits and strong physique, with great powers of application and endurance, Mr. Leiter, in his active business career, confined him- self so closely to his business that he was enabled to turn off a quantity of work which would have killed any ordinary man. In all which goes to advance the social and 322 BIOGRAFHICAL DICTIOXARY A.XD PORTRAIT GALLERY. educational, as well as the business interests of Chicago, Mr. Leiter has been a moving spirit. His great means, as well as his keen business sagacity, have been enlisted in many worthy enter- prises. He was the first president of the Com- mercial Club, and is now a leading member of the Iroquois, the Chicago, the Calumet, the Union, the Washington Park and the Union League Clubs. Mr. Leiter took an active interest in the reorganization of the Chicago Historical Society after the great fire, and contributed liberally to its building fund, and for the purchase of books. The debt which had hampered the Society was also lifted by the co-operation of Mr. Leiter with Profs. Mark Skinner, E. H. Sheldon, D. K. Pear- son, S. M. Nickerson, Thos. Hoyne and others, and the Society placed upon a sound basis. Mr. Leiter was also the president of the Chicago Art Institute in 1885, succeeding Mr. George Armour, who v»'as its first executive. For many years, in fact ever since its organization, Mr. Leiter has been a heavy stockholder in the Illinois Trust and Savings Bank, and is now one of the directors of that institution. After the great fire of 187 1, when everyone was damaged by loss of insurance capital, Mr. Leiter was instrumental in inducing the Liver- pool, London and Globe Insurance Company to re-establish its agency here, and also to make this one of its departments, thus giving confidence to other reliable companies to re-establish their busi- ness here, and enable business men to protect themselves against the hazard of fire. Mr. Lei- ter's great aim has been to be a model citizen, and not to accumulate great wealth, believing, with Goldsmith : •' Hi fares the land, to hastening ills a prey. Where wealth accumulates and men decay." LAURIN P. MILLIARD, CHICAGO. ILL. LAURIN PALMER HILLIARD was born at Unadilla Forks, Otsego county, N. Y., October 11, 1814. His parents were Isaiah and Keturah (Palmer) Hilliard. His father, whose ancestors were among the early settlers of Con- necticut, was left an orphan in early boyhood, and soon entered on a somewhat adventurous career as a "sailor-boy," first in the cabin and finally as a fully-equipped seaman. With other sailors he paid his twenty-five cents to inspect Robert Fulton's original little steamer and joined in predicting the results — wise and otherwise. His "protection paper," No. 3,123, U. S. A., to insure against seizure and impressment by the British on the high seas, is in the possession of Edward P. Hil- liard, of Chicago. Upon attaining his majority, he left New York City and invested his savings in unimproved land near Unadilla Forks, where he soon afterward married Miss Keturah, daugh- ter of his neighbor, Jonathan Palmer. Mr. Pal- mer also was of New England ancestry, which is traced to Walter Palmer, who came to America in 1629, from Nottinghamshire, England. He built the first dwelling in Charlestown, Mass. In 1653 he moved to Stonington, Conn., where he died in 1661, and was buried at \\'equetsquock Cove. In 1 88 1 a reunion of the Palmer family was held at Stonington, and nearly two thousand of the descendants were present. At that gathering the origin of the family name was traced to the Crusades. Many pilgrims to the tomb of Christ, from the days of Peter the Hermit to the close of the fourteenth century, on their return, wore palm-leaves in their hats or carried staves from palm branches. Hence, it is said, they were called " palm-bearers " or " palm-ers." In Spen- cer's Fairie Oueene and in Shakespeare these allu- sions to the palmers are found. Jonathan Palmer was of the sixth generation from Walter, which places our subject, Laurin Palmer Hilliard, in the eighth. Our subject's boyhood was spent on his father's farm. He was ejlucated in the public schools and at Hamilton College. When about eighteen years of age he entered the store of Charles Walker, at Burlington Flats, near his native place, receiving no salary for the first year and fifty dollars for the second. His success led to a partnership in a new establishment at Unadilla P'orks. While there, Mr. Walker's brother took L^C^i^^^ BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. 325 a stock of goods to Chicago, and the good report of the venture then impressed Mr. Milliard with the advantages of that place. He closed out his business and. with a few hundred dollars, started West, via canal boat, stage and steamer, from Utica to Buffalo, Dunkirk and Detroit, and reached Chicago in the spring of 1836. His first night was spent at a log tavern on the west side, but he afterward stayed at the "Green Tree Ho- tel." He visited various towns in Illinois and Wisconsin, and on invitation of an old friend, who was interested in projecting a town at Mani- towoc River, he joined the equipped party on the schooner "Wisconsin," and v.as present at the time the original town site of Manitowoc was laid out. Returning to Chicago, he started a little store, taking produce in exchange for goods. He re- turned to the East in the fall of 1S36, and a brother-in-law of Mr. Walker, his former partner, took charge of the store, and shipped East the country- produce — one of the earliest ventures in Chicago's great specialty. The following spring, Mr. Hilliard returned to Chicago. He entered, first, the employment of Peter Cohn, an old French trader, then with his successors, Taylor, Breese & Co. He was afterwards with Clifford S. Phillips, a leading merchant. During the sum- mer of 1837 he made a trip on horseback into Wisconsin to report on lands to Eastern inves- tors. He found the town site of Madison with few finished improvements, aside from a log boarding-house, and wild game about the four lakes made it a " hunter's paradise." After being several years in charge mainly of Mr. Phillips' large business, he again joined his former partner, Mr. Walker, who had begun mer- chandising in Chicago. Money was still scarce, but the business prospered and increased by the exchange of goods for country produce, which was shipped east. The firm also started ship- building, first buying a disabled schooner, which they repaired and christened the " C. Walker." They next, as part owners, built the " Independ- ence," said to be the first propeller constructed on Lake Michigan. Her first trip was made in March to Green Bay, whither she went after ice, the winter having been an open one. While there, cold weather gave Chicago plenty of ice, and the propeller was frozen in and loaded with ice cut to give her a channel for the return trip. The fair schooner, " Maria Hilliard," also was built by the firm. Mr. Hilliard afterward suc- ceeded to the business, and continued both branches until 1849, when his store, at the corner of Lake and Franklin streets, was burned. The following year he organized the firm of Hilliard and Howard, and occupied yards in the lumber business where James H. Walker and Co.'s whole- sale house now stands. With the exception of a few years in public office, he continued in the lumber trade until 1873. The financial disasters, then general, forced a suspension of trade. For- tunately, he had invested in a large tract of land twelve miles south of Chicago, and having wisely planned for railroad connection with his farm, he removed his family thither, when his city resi- dence was destroyed in the great fire of 1871. By concerted action with other property-owners, their efforts resulted in the suburban villages of Washington Heights, Longwood, Beverly Hills, etc., all now within the city limits. So the city went out to Mr. Hilliard's home, absorbed his " farm," and is giving him increasing wealth and comfort to crown his long and useful career. Mr. Hilliard was virtually a "charter member" of the Republican party, and was conscientiously active for its success against the aggressions of slavery. In 1861 he was elected clerk of Cook County Court, and served the four years' term with great acceptance. He, with other patriotic citizens, issued the first call for a public meeting, in 1861, to aid the government in suppressing the great rebellion, and served on the financial committee then appointed. In 1848, he was active in securing the organi- zation of the Chicago Board of Trade, and when accomplished, in April, he was made a member of the first board of directors, and in 1853 was chosen secretary and treasurer of the institution. In those days, the Board had neither the fascina- tion nor wealth of to-day, and it is said that to secure even a respectable attendance the secre- tary was accustomed to set out, at noon, a lunch- eon of crackers and cheese. Mr. Hilliard was also a director for several years of the Chamber of Commerce, and identified with many other important public enterprises. He was general agent of the Northern Pacific Railroad Com- pany, when Mr. C. B. Wright was president, 326 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. and Mr. H. E. Sargent general manager, and did much to send emigration into the Red River Valley. In religious faith, he has been a consistent Episcopalian, and in 1844 he, with about twenty old settlers, organized Trinity Episcopal Church. He became a member of the board of trustees, was also vestryman and warden, and active for its prosperity until his change of residence necessita- ted change in his church relations. He was initiated into the Oriental Lodge of Masons in 1845. He long held its offices, became an honorary life member in 1874, and is now its senior member. He was made a Knight Templar in 1854, and has taken thirty-two of the consistory degrees. In 1843, he married Mrs. Maria E. Beaubien. She was the daughter of John K. Boyer, who was widely known in Pennsylvania, Ohio and Illinois as a public works contractor. He settled in Chi- cago in 1833. His son, Dr. Valentine A. Boyer, began the practice of medicine in the city that year, and was the oldest resident physician when he died, in 1890. Two sons cheer the advanced years of Mr. and Mrs. Hilliard. Edward P. is a resident of Chicago, and succeeds to the real estate business of his father. William P. has made a home at St. Paul, Minnesota. HON. LEROV DELANO THOMAN, CHICAGO, ILL. LEROY DELANO THOMAN was born July 31, 1851, in Salem, Columbiana county, Ohio. His parents were Jacob S. and Mary Ann (Sonedecker) Thoman, both of whom were na- tives of the Buckeye State, and of Swiss line- age. The paternal ancestors immigrated to the United States about 1680 and settled in Mary- land and Pennsylvania, and the maternal in 1690, settling in Virginia. His progenitors were of robust physique, healthy and strong, and en- dowed with great mental force. The family were always noted for their devout and pure Christian lives. His mother was a daughter of Rev. Henry Sonedecker, a minister of the Ger- man Reformed Church, a man of great learning and a profound thinker and able preacher, who was born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, in 1792, and was a pioneer in church work at Wooster, Wayne county, Ohio. He died in 1851 at North Lima, Ohio. Our subject's mother was born at Wooster in 1824. She is a woman of strong Christian character, and devoted to her children, home and church. Since the death of her husband, which occurred in 1878, she has made her home with her son, the subject of this sketch. His father was born in 1817, and had a fair education, and was a great reader, with broad and liberal views. From his fifth to his sixteenth year Lcroy lived on a farm, lie received a common school education, and also pursued an academic course of two years at South Whitley, Indiana. He applied himself diligently to his studies, and began teaching school at the age of sixteen, and was principal of the public schools at Piper City, Illinois, for nearly three years. He improved his spare time in the study of the law, and in 1872, at the age of twenty-one, was ad- mitted to the bar at Columbia City, Indiana. Immediately after his admission he was ap- pointed deputy prosecuting attorney for the Ninth Judicial District of Indiana. He resigned this office in February, 1873, and removed to Youngstown, Ohio, and engaged in the practice of law until 1875, when he was elected judge of the Probate Court of Mahoning county, and was re-elected in 1878. Judge Thoman, from 1875 to 1883, was actively identified with the Demo- cratic party of Ohio and was a member of the State Executive Committee for several years. He was chairman of the Democratic State con- vention in 1880, and the same year was the candi- date of his party for Congress, but was defeated in the election by the Honorable William McKin- ley, Jr., the present Governor of Ohio. He was heartily supported before the Democratic State convention for Governor in 1 881. He was ap- pointed in February, 1883, by President Arthur as the Democratic member of the United States Civil Service Commission under the Pendleton law, and served in that capacity for some three years, ^/^/-^^-^ /y , y^' BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY A.VD PORTRAIT CALLER V. 329 and then resigned. He removed to Chicago in the spring of 1888, and has since been engaged in the practice of his profession. Judge Thoman was a member of the Executive Committee having in charge the securing of the World's Columbian E.xposition for Chicago, and was largely instrumental in securing the Ohio Congressional vote. As a public speaker Judge Thoman has a national reputation. He delivered the annual address before the literary societies of Oberlin College in 1888. and was one of the judges of the literary and oratorical contest of Washing- ton and JefTerson College in 1887. In Chicago he has frequently spoken at banquets, and is a popular post-prandial speaker. The most notable of his Chicago speeches were those at the Doug- las banquet given by the Iroquois Club, April 23, 1888, his subject being "Progressive Politics;" that at Farwell Hall on April 30, 1889, his sub- ject being "The beginning of the Second Cen- tury of Constitutional Government ;" that at the Union League Club banquet on the evening of April 30, 1889, his subject being "Thomas Jeffer- son," and at the Sunset Club in March. 1891, on "Municipal Civil Service Reform." In the in- terest of the Columbian Exposition he spoke at Atlanta, Chattanooga, Fort Worth, Dallas, Little Rock, and other places, and was invited to speak at the Delmonico dinner, December 21, 1891. He presided at the historic banquet given to the National Commission of the World's Columbian Exposition, at the Palmer House, June 26, 1890. In his religious belief he is a Presbyterian. Judge Thoman has always been a Democrat, but fearless and independent in party action. He has been twice married. His first wife was Mary E. Cripps, of Youngstown, Ohio, to whom he was married in March, 1876. Mrs. Thoman died in December of the same year. His second wife is the daughter of Hon. James M. Smith, of Lebanon, Ohio, judge of the Circuit Court, First District, whom he married February 25, 1892. Judge Thoman is prominent in Masonic circles, being a Knight Templar and Scottish Rite Mason of the thirty-second degree, and also a Noble of the Mystic Shrine. He is a member of the Union League, the Chicago Athletic and the North Shore clubs. He is president of the States Columbian Association and also president of the Ohio Society of Chicago. Judge Thoman is the attorney for several im- portant corporations. He is lecturer on Private International Law in the law department of the Northwestern University. He is also a member of the Committee on Law Reform of the World's Congress. As a lawyer he is noted for his care, skill and faithfulness to his clients. As a public speaker, his clear voice, distinct articulation, well- chosen language and evident sincerity render him a popular and successful advocate. He devotes himself almost exclusively to his profession, and while his comprehensive and well-trained mind and large experience and knowledge of men fit him for doing any work ably, it is as an advocate that he is most conspicuous, his appeals to court and jury often being masterpieces of oratory. JAMES FRAKE, CHICA(;0, ILL. THE subject of this sketch is a prominent member of the Chicago bar. He has great versatility of talent. Exactness and thorough- ness characterize all of his attainments. With a multiplicity of learning everything is brought to bear on his life-work as a lawyer. Vigilant, zeal- ous and industrious, how could he be otherwise than successful? James Frake was born in the town of Lough- borough, Leicestershire England, March 20, 1841, and is the son of George Frake, who immigrated to America in 1844, and settled at Wheeling, Cook county, Illinois. His decease occurred on his farm in the month of March, 1846. The mother of our subject afterward married Mr. John Henley, a farmer of Northfield, Illinois, with whom James lived until he was eighteen years old. He then determined to have an edu- cation and witli no other resources than his own energy and fortitude he started out to prepare the way for his future life. He entered the pre- paratory school connected with the Northwestern BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIO.XARY A.XD PORTRAIT GALLERY. University at Evanston, and during his academic career supported himself : and so resolute was he in his purposes that he reduced his expenses to the lowest possible figure by boarding himself, and on graduation day in July, 1866, he was at the head of his class and carried off the highest honors, and that too, although during nearly all the time he was at school he suffered from ill health, which did not improve until several years after he entered upon the practice of his chosen profession. After graduation he taught school one year and then went abroad. Upon his return he attended the Chicago Law School, from which he was grad- uated in 1869. In May of that year he was ad- mitted to the Illinois bar by the Supreme Court, and since then has steadfastly and conscientiously devoted himself to his profession. Beginning with nothing he has accumulated a handsome property, and now enjoys a large and lucrative practice. In June, 1874, Mr. Frake was elected a mem- ber of the board of Trustees of the Northwestern University, and still holds that position. He was chosen secretary of the joint board of man- agement of the Union College of Law, which he held several years. In January, 1879, he was ap- pointed a member of the Chicago board of educa- tion, being called upon to fill the unexpired term of Mr. Joseph S. Dennis, resigned. Mr. Frake has been twice married. First in 186910 Miss Melinda Doty, of Frankport, Will county, Illinois. She died in 1873, and he after- wards married Evelyn M. Allen, of Elk Grove. Illinois, daughter of Mr. John Allen, Sr. They have one son and one daughter living. Mr. Frake is a member of the Centenary Meth- odist Episcopal Church. He has a mind subtle and refined, and inclined to be judicial in its nature ; capable of hearing both sides of a question and drawing correct con- clusions. He is remarkable for clearness, and although possessing a vivid imagination he is in- clined to be practical, logical and consistent. These qualifications have been for a long time recognized by the members of the bar and many others, and Mr. Frake has been mentioned as an available man for one of the judgeships of Cook county. DANIEL KIMBALL PEARSONS, CHICAGO, ILL. THE life-histor>' of him whose name heads this sketch most happily illustrates what may be attained by faithful and continued effort in carrying out an honest purpose. It is the story of a life whose success is measured by its usefulness— a life that has made the world brighter and better. Daniel K. Pearsons is a native of the Green Mountain State, and was born at Bradford on April 14, 1820, the son of John and Hannah (Putnam) Pearsons. His father was a farmer by occupation, and settled in Vermont more than a century ago. His mother belonged to the Israel Putnam family, her father, John Putnam, having been a soldier in the Revolutionary War. She was a woman of marked New England character- istics, and the mother of nine children. She lived to an advanced age, and recounted with pleasur- able pride the scenes of her early life, when she spun the yarn and wove the cloth to clothe her entire family. She died at Holyoke, Mas.sachu- sctts, at the age of ninety-three years. Daniel received the rudiments of his education in the common schools. From his sixteenth to his twenty-first year he taught school during the win- ter months and then pursued a course of studies at Woodstock and at Dartmouth Medical College. After his graduation, he remained a short time in Vermont, and then established himself in his pro- fession at Chicopee, a thrifty manufacturing town near Springfield, Massachusetts. He met with gratifying success in his practice, but was not sat- isfied, his ambitions and aspirations leading him to desire and seek a broader field for the exercise of his powers. Farm life always had for him a peculiar attrac- tion, that even the success of latter years in other lines of business has not lessened. In 1857 he closed his practice at Chicopee, and removing to Ogle County, Illinois, settled on a farm. Here, BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. 333 however, his active mind was not at rest. Destiny liad marked out for him a wider and more active field of labor, and it was not long before he was established in Chicago in the real estate trade. He sold lands for the Illinois Central Railroad Company, the Sturges estate, Mr. Michael Sulli- van, the farmer-king, and others, his sales in Illi- nois alone amounting to over one million acres. Through these transactions he made a wide acquaintance throughout the West, so that when, in i860, he turned his attention principally to loaning money for moneyed men upon farm lands, he had a large patronage, which constantly in- creased, and for twelve years he loaned an average of more than one million doMars annually. The business was not only remunerative to him, but this vast sum of money being distributed throughout the farming community was of incal- culable benefit in developing the countr)-, and such were his business methods that the interests of both lender and borrower were conserved, and their universal confidence maintained. Mr. Pear- sons had made profitable investments from time to time, and his private interests had so increased that they required his undivided attention, and in 1S77 he ceased loaning money for other capital- ists and devoted himself to his own matters. He has been a large stockholder and director of the Chicago City Railway Company, the American Exchange National Bank and other financial in- stitutions of Chicago, but his favorite investments have been in real property. He purchased large tracts of timber lands in Michigan, which j-ielded him great profits. Ever since he settled in Chicago Mr. Pearsons has taken an active interest in whatever pertained to her material prosperity and good name, and when called to fill positions of trust, has con- scientiously and intelligently performed his duties, honoring those whom he represented, benefit- ing the public and doing credit to himself. He has twice represented the First Ward of Chi- cago in the Common Council, being elected on both occasions on a non-partisan ticket. The value of his ser\'ices as chairman of the finance committee in that body cannot be overestimated. The financial condition of the city was deplorable. Owing to extravagance an indebtedness largel)- in excess of the constitutional limit had been in- curred. To meet the deficiencv the cit\- h.ul i^ sued certificates of indebtedness whose legality was disputed in the courts. Eastern capitalists had invested largely in these certificates, and were alarmed at the situation. Financial disaster was spreading all over the country, and capital, which liad become solicitous for its securities, was averse to almost ever}' proffer of new investment. Chi- cago would soon need more money. Her finan- cial standing must be maintained. Conscious of the need of speedy and decisive action, Mr. Pear- sons was commissioned to visit the East, and soon appeared among the bankers of New York City. Some of them knew him personally or by reputa- tion, and those who did not were soon made acquainted with the object of his coming. His earnest, business-like, straightforward manner won their confidence and allayed their fears. He had come officiall)-, as a member of his city's Com- mon Council, and privately as a capitalist and man of honor, to assure them that Chicago would pay her debts. He pledged his word of honor and that of his city that whoever might be in power, however courts might decide, and what- ever financial crisis might come, Chicago would redeem her pledges and pay her certificates of indebtedness, principal and interest, promptly on time. They believed in him, and were inspired with new faith in the city he represented. Their confidence was not misplaced ; his word was sa- credly kept. His predictions were fully verified, and when, a little later, more ready money was needed, he was again commissioned to secure it, and with little difficulty raised among local capi- talists half a million dollars. This achievment is all the more remarkable in view of the fact that in the meantime the courts had decided that the much-discussed certificates were practically value- less — illegal promises to pay, which the city might repudiate at will, but which she never did. The result of these negotiations was to establish the financial standing of Chicago, and such was the jjublic appreciation of the services of the man who accomplished it, that upon Mr. Pearsons' voluntar\- rotirement from the Common Council two years later, a committee of citizens waited upon him, and in a .series of handsomely engrossed resolutions, testified their own and their city's high regard for his effective work in this and other public matters, and stating, among other things, that he had fulfilled the duties of his 334 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. office "with the approval and plaudits of his en- tire constituency, regardless of party affiliations." About the time of his retirement from political life, Mr. Pearsons withdrew from his more ardu- ous business enterprises and resigned several of his corporation directorships, although retaining his monetary interests in them. With a view of getting his property in such shape that he could enjoy the comforts of life unhampered by con- stantly pressing business cares, he began buying and improving choice residence property, princi- pally in the north division of Chicago. He soon had in his possession about one hundred fine houses and flats, and from which he derives a large income. Mr. Pearsons has been an extensive traveler, both in his own and in foreign lands. He has visited Europe three times, and but recently (1890) returned from Egypt. Great as has been Mr. Pearsons' success as a business man and financier, and valuable as have been his public services, that which most distin- guishes him and in which he takes the greatest satisfaction and pride, is his system of practical philanthropy. To him, money is valueless ex- cept as it is put to some good use, and he has most wisely decided to be the almoner of his own bounty. To attempt to enumerate all who have been the objects of his benevolence were a hope- less task. Their name is legion. But without making mention of his hearty responses to the calls of men and women in need, it may be stated that his public gifts during the last ten years have amounted to one million dollars. His favorite method of giving to public institutions is to base his gift on the condition that another sum be raised, which condition has, in every in- stance, been met. He has given to Beloit Col- lege, Wisconsin, in buildings and endowment, two hundred thousand dollars; to Lake Forest Uni- versity, one hundred thousand dollars; to Knox College, Galesburg, III, fifty thousand dollars ; to Chicago Theological Seminary, one hundred and fifty thousand dollars ; to the Presbyterian Semi- nary, of Chicago, fifty thousand dollars; to the Young Men's Christian Association, thirty thou- sand dollars; to the Women's Board of Foreign Missions, twenty thousand dollars ; to the Pres- byterian Hospital, sixty thousand dollars ; to Yankton College, Dakota, fiftv thousand dollars. besides other donations to various religious, edu- cational, benevolent and charitable objects and uses, amounting, in the aggregate, to two hun- dred and fifty thousand dollars. His method of conditioning his gifts to educational institutions, upon the raising of an equal or larger amount, has resulted in endowing them with many hun- dred thousand dollars which else they might never have received. He has a practical sympathy for worthy young men and women who are striving to get an edu- cation, and specifies in his gifts to colleges that one-half shall be placed in the hands of trustees, and the income loaned to needy students at a moderate rate of interest, principal and interest to be repaid when the borrower is able. The wisdom of this system of giving is apparent, when one considers that in this way worthy young men are enabled to become beneficiaries, without weakening their manhood or lessening their self-respect. Mr. Pearsons is a man of strong and marked personality, deliberate in his judgments, firm in his convictions and resolute in his determinations. Physically, he is well preserved, and though sev- enty-two years of age, he has the appearance of being much younger. Erect in form, he walks with a steady step, and in all his bearing carries himself as a man conscious of the dignity and nobility and worth of true manhood. Yet he is a modest man, and in all his benevolent work he has, as far as possible, avoided publicity, finding satisfaction in the consciousness of having used his money and talents in doing good, rather than in the plaudits of his fellow-men. Since taking up his abode in Chicago, Mr. Pear- sons has been a firm believer in her destined greatness and in the growing importance of the West. Yet he has never ceased to remember, with admiration and affectionate regard, the State of his nativity. He was one of the organizers of the Society of the Sons of Vermont, and one of its early presidents, and from its founding has been active in promoting its interests. Mr. Pearsons was married, in August, 184", to Miss Marietta Chapin, whose family is well known in Western Massachusetts. Mrs. Pearsons is a woman of the true New England type, and she enters heartily into her husband's methods and plans of benevolent work, and throughout lile ^ Ci^^V^ d>rri::^ BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARV AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. 335 has been to him a true helpmeet. She presides with womanly grace over their elegant and happy home, at Hinsdale, one of Chicago's most roman- tic suburbs, and here Mr. Pearsons, in the society of his wife and intimate friends, finds his highest social enjoyment. He has never belonged to a club or secret society. Such is an outline of his life, and while it may not disclose all that has contributed to his re- markable success, one who reads it must be im- pressed with the fact that a genius for hard work has been no small factor. His life has been manly; his actions sincere; his manner unaffected, and his speech from the heart. In a word, it has been a life full of good work, and furnishes an example most worthy of emulation. CHARLES H. FOSTER, CHICAGO, ILL. /~"HARLES H. FOSTER was born at Roch- ^^— ' ester, New York, on April 14, 1835. Dur- ing his boyhood he attended the Wadsworth School and Dewey's High School in his native city, and at the age of seventeen years went to Albany, New York, where he became agent of the Mercantile Line of Canal Boats, running be- tween Albany and Rochester, New York. Al- though but a youth he discharged the duties of the position with ability, and retained it for three years. In 1854 he went to New York City, and for one year was engaged in the for- warding business on his own account, his busi- ness consisting of transporting coal and lumber from New York and Philadelphia for the Roch- ester market. Closing out his business in the summer of 1855, he removed to Chicago and took a position with the Galena & Chicago Union Railroad Company, his first work being checking goods in the freight department of that road. He was check and bill clerk in the local freight office for about eighteen months, and in January, 1857, was made assistant cashier in the same office, in 1858 was chief clerk in the general freight office, and in 1859 chief clerk in the general ticket office, and from Januar)', i860, to January 11, 1863, was general bookkeeper in the secretary's office, and he continued with the Galena & Chicago Union Company until the spring of 1863. During the years 1863 and 1864 he was employed as chief clerk in the office of Mr. Samuel T. Atwater, agent of the Buffalo Mutual Insurance Company. January 11, 1865, Mr. Foster was tendered the position of general accountant under Mr. W. M. Larrabee, secretary and treasurer of the Chicago & Alton Railroad Company, with whom he had been associated while in the employ of the Galena & Chicago Union Railroad Company. The tender of the position was a worthy recognition of Mr. Foster's eminent fitness and ability. He gladly accepted it, and until May, 1879, "'^s subordinate to Mr. Larrabee. F"or some time prior to this Mr. Larrabee's health had been failing and the duties of his office had fallen upon Mr. Foster, his chief clerk, who was made treasurer pro tempore at that time. His health continuing to fail, Mr. Larrabee was compelled to resign his office and Mr. Foster was elected secretary and treasurer in his stead, and has continued to fill those offices with marked success until the present time (1892). Mr. Foster is also secretary of the Joliet & Chicago Railroad Company, secretary and treasurer of the Missis- sippi River Bridge Company, and secretary and treasurer of the Louisiana & Missouri River Railroad Company, all of which corporations are au.xiliaries of the Chicago & Alton Rail- road. Mr. Foster was married in Chicago, on Decem- ber II, 1864, to Miss Caroline V^an Inwagen, a daughter of Anthony Van Inwagen, who was formerly engaged in the forwarding commission business at Chicago. Mrs. Foster died on No- vember 7, 1884, leaving three children, viz.: Ger- trude, wife of Waite Bliven ; Harry C, receiv- ing teller of the Illinois Trust and Savings Bank, and Eugene, who was born on November 5, 1884. Mr. Foster's parents were William C. and Permclia (Wilson) Foster. His father was a prominent miller and forwarding merchant at Rochester, New York. He died on November 336 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. 25, 1880, honored and esteemed by all who knew him. His mother died on June 6, 1887. Mr. Foster's progress has been a steady growth along the line of honest, persistent effort. He is a man whose record is clean and who is prized by his associates and esteemed by all for his genuine worth. His name is a familiar one in railwaj- cir- cles, and everj'where is a synonym for faithful- ness, ability, integrity, trustworthiness and manly virtue. JOHN TRVON CHUMASERO, CHICAGO, ILL. PROMINENT among the energetic, far-seeing and successful business men of Chicago, is the subject of this sketch. After a varied expe- rience in the East, he made Chicago his home when about thirty years of age, and has resided there continuously since. Mr. Chumasero was born in Rochester, New York, on September 30, 1839, ^'^^ comes of excel- lent parentage. His father, Hon. John C. Chu- masero, was a resident of Rochester, New York, more than forty years, and during that time was judge for many years and was very prominent in political matters. He was chairman of the com- mittee for raising troops, and president of the American National League in 1862, and was instru- mental in preventing trouble several times during the critical period of drafting. The Chumasero family trace their origin as far back as the Span- ish Inquisition, when they emigrated to Holland. His mother was Emily Root Tryon, of Connecti- cut. Her family trace their ancestry in this coun- try back to the year 1652, and were previously of aristocratic English lineage. Thomas Tryon was the first Governor of New York, and another member of the family was Governor of North Carolina in 1765. Other instances might be cited, but it is sufficient to say the Tryon family have an e.xcellent record. Under the watchful care of his parents, young Chumasero received his education first in the public schools until he was twelve years old and then for the next four years under a private tutor. During his early years he proved himself a talent- ed, industrious and methodical student, and was highly successful for a boy of his age. When six- teen years old he was placed in the ofifice of his uncle, E. N. Buell, to learn business forms and methods. He was \Qxy successful, and for two years had charge of the books of the firm. After leaving his uncle he conducted a manufacturing business for himself with good results, but at the commencement of the War of the Rebellion he sold out and entered the service of his countrj-. The Governor of New York commissioned him ad- jutant of the One Hundred and Eighth New York Regiment, which was commanded by Colonel Oli- ver H. Palmer, well known in later years as presi- dent of the Western Union Telegraph Company. Before going to the front with his regiment he was made recruiting officer for his district, and mus- tered several regiments into the service, paying them the bounty of fifty dollars per man, which amounted to several hundred thousand dollars. The young adjutant participated with his regiment in the battles of South Mountain and Antietam, where he proved himself a brave soldier and a good disciplinarian. His arduous duties and the exposure to which he was subjected at this time brought on an attack of typhoid fever, and the best his comrades could do for him was to send him on horseback from Harper's Ferry to a sick camp at Arlington. The results of this journey and the delay of proper treatment rendered his case hopeless; the doctors gave him up, and for weeks he lay at the point of death. His consti- tution, however, was strong and sound, and he pulled through, contrary to expectation, but was so emaciated that he weighed only ninety pounds. The results of this illness he felt for years after. At this time he received his discharge from his regiment and went home to his family, where for two years, notwithstanding their great care and kindness, he remained an invalid. The first em- ployment in which he engaged after his illness was in the New York custom house, in charge of the claim desk, an ofifice to which he was appointed by Collector Hiram Barney, and which he filled with satisfaction for two years. Resigning his posi- AU q). /foKuAAA oJjio-Q BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT uAI.I.ERV. 339 tion, he went into the office of a Wall street broker, but his health failed and he returned to his home in Rochester, where he soon grew strong again. In i86S his business instinct led him to Chicago, which was then the growing cit)- of the West. Although without friends or prospects in his new home, he was convinced that energy and ability would be recognized and rewarded. His first position was with Messrs. Da}% Allen and Co., then the largest wholesale grocers in Chicago, as book- keeper and cashier. After the fire of 1871 the firm was dissolved and the partners retired from business. His next position was as assistant cash- ier with the firm of Messrs. J. V. Harwell and Co. He entered on the duties of this position in Decem- ber, 1 8" I. Six months later he was appointed assistant to Mr. Simeon Farwell, who had charge of the credits and finances of the firm, and whose illness soon afterward threw the whole responsi- bility of that department on Mr. Chumasero. In 1879 '^c became a partner in the business, and in 1880, when the business was incorporated, he was chosen secretary, and has had for the past nine years the entire management of the credits and finances of the concern. Quiet and unassuming in manner, reserved but agreeable in conversation, precise, accurate and methodical in business, Mr. Chumasero stands very high among the business men of this country. Thoroughly honorable in his treatment of others and of irreproachable integrity, he is a leader among leading business men. Mr. Chumasero was married in 1863 to Eva C. Young, daughter of Mr. Benjamin T. Young, of Brooklyn. They have two children, Kenneth P. and Emily C. For a number of years Mrs. Chumasero has been an invalid, and her daugh- ter, an accomplished young lady, has acted the hostess, presiding over the home with ease, grace and dignity. To surround his wife and children with every comfort and lu-xurj- has been the great- est pleasure of Mr. Chumasero's life. In social circles Mr. Chumasero is very popular. He was one of the first members of the Union League, Chicago, Washington Park, Calumet and Chicago Athletic clubs. He is a vestryman of Trinity Episcopal church, and president of the Illinois Industrial School for boys, and a member of Custer Post, G. A. R., and a director in the Atlas National bank. Mr. Chumasero is a man of extensive reading and culture and his literary taste has been culti- vated and improved by extensive travel both in this country and in Europe. WARREN GRAFTON PURDY, CHICAGO, ILL. WARREN G. PURDY is a native of Balti- more, Maryland. He was born on May 20, 1843, to John H. and Louisa A. Purdy. From his early boyhood he attended the public schools of his native city, graduating from the High School, now known as the Baltimore City College, in 1859. The same year, when but si.xteen years of age, he removed to Chicago and took a position as clerk in the storeroom of the Illinois Central Railroad shops. He resigned his position in the early part of 1863 to accept a position with the Ohio & Mississippi Railroad Company at St. Louis, Missouri. A year later he returned to Chicago and became connected with the Quarter- master's Department of the U. S. Army, serving as Chief Clerk at Camp Douglas and in the city until the latter part of 1865, when he was ordered to Texas, and served as Chief Clerk of the west- ern district of that State, with headquarters at Brownsville, until the latter part of that year. In January, 1867, he became general bookkeeper for the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railway Com- pany, at Chicago. In December, 1867, he was promoted to the position of cashier, and ten years later, in April, 1877, he became local Treas- urer. On June 2, 1885, he was elected Treasurer and Secretary of the same company, and in Sep- tember, 1887, was elected Vice-President, while still retaining the offices of Treasurer and Secre- tary. His Masonic record is a history by itself; he became a Mason in Blair Lodge, A. F. and A. M., in 1864, and was elected Secretary of the lodge the same year. In 1867 was elected First Lien- 340 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. tenant-Commander of Chicago (afterward Orien- tal) Consistor>-, S. P. R. S., and in 1871 received the thirty-third degree of Masonry, being at that time probably the youngest thirty-third degree Mason in the United States. In 1876 he served as Worshipful Master of Landmark Lodge, No. 422, A. F. and A. M., and subsequently as an ofifi- cer in Fairview Chapter, R. A. M. ; in 1879 he was elected Treasurer of Apollo Commandery, No. I, Knights Templar, of Chicago, and in 1880 took an active part in the triennial conclave of that Order held in Chicago. During the conclave he was a member of the Executive Committee, and also Adjutant-General. Subsequent to this conclave, Montjoie (mounted) Commandery, No. 53, Knights Templar, was organized. Of this Commandery Mr. Purdy was one of the charter members, and for the first three years was its Eminent Commander. In 1885 he was elected and commissioned Lieutenant-Colonel of the Sec- ond Regiment Illinois National Guards, which ofifice he held until 1889, when he resigned. Politically, Mr. Purdy has been affiliated with the Democratic party, although his actions have always been independent and not bound by party ties. On March 13, 1865, he was married to Miss Acca L. Colby, of Chicago, by whom he has four children, viz.: William A. (at present Paymaster of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railway), Ella F., Warren, Fred and Bertha A. The residence of Mr. Purdy and family is in Kenwood, where, in the circle of his fireside, sur- rounded by his family, he passes the happiest moments of his life. Socially, Mr. Purdy is an active member of the Kenwood Social Club, and one of the earliest members of the Union League Club of Chicago. HENRY T. BYFORD, M.D. CHICAGO, ILL. THERE are few men, whatever be their tal- ents or profession, whose efforts and achieve- ments Chicago watches with more interest than she gives to Henr>' Turman Byford. Nor is this interest felt simply because he is the son of a great man, but because, by his own worth, he has won a place in the hearts of his fellow-citizens. The late William H. Byford, M. D., L.L. D., was, at the time of his decease, one of Chicago's most famous surgeons, and it is by individual endow- ment of the highest order that the son is advanc- ing to fill the father's place. The Byford family came originally to America many generations ago, from Suffolk, England. The branch of the family in which we are inter- ested gradually drifted towards the interior of the country, and William H. Byford was born in Eaton, Ohio. His wife, Mary Anne Holland, was the daughter of Hezekiah Holland, a noted phy- sician of Kentucky. Five children were the result of this union. Henry T. Byford, who is the only surviving son, was born in 1853, in Evansville, Indiana. His brother. Dr. William H. Byford, Jr., who died in 1883, was, in his specialty, the foremost surgeon of Minneapolis. Three sisters are referred to in the sketch of Dr. W. H. Byford, Sr., found in another part of this volume. In the matter of education Dr. Byford has been the recipient of superior advantages. The early years of his school-life were spent in Chicago, in the public schools and in the private academy of Dr. Quackenboss. When he was eleven years of age he was placed in school in Germany, taking a classical course. At the end of three years he was graduated, receiving the prize for the best compo- sition (German) in the highest class of a high school in Berlin. Returning to this city, he spent one term in the University of Chicago. In the fall of 1868 he began a course of very earnest study at Willaston Seminary, graduating from the scientific department with high honors in 1 870. The same year he matriculated at the Chicago Medical Col- lege, and was graduated in 1873. He was elected valedictorian of his class, and in the examinations ranked perfect in all branches except one. Extra- ordinary as was this record, it was rendered even more so by his extreme youth. Dr. Byford, at the time of his graduation, was but nineteen years of age, and accordingly not entitled to the BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. 343 privileges of the diploma for nearly two years to come. While yet a student, he had, by competitive examination, secured the position of interne at Mercy Hospital. He was, however, obliged by the illness of his brother to forego the benefits of a full term in this capacity, as well as the pleas- ure of attending the graduating exercises of his class and of delivering his valedictory address. Dr. William H. Byford, Jr., whose later career in Minneapolis was at once so brilliant and so pathetic, was, at this time, suffering from lung trouble, for which he sought relief in southern travel. There had always been a very affectionate relationship between the brothers, and now that a nurse and companion was needed for the elder, it was with unhesitating devotion that the younger relinquished his studies to accompany him. They traveled for some months in the South, spent a year in Denver, and our subject returned to Chicago in 1874. Seventeen years have passed, and to-day Dr. Byford stands in the front ranks of his profession. Recognized not only as a most skillful practi- tioner, but as a man of advanced, original thought and wide research, the number of his public engagements is limited only by the de- mands of an enormous practice. Dr. Byford was one of the founders of the Chicago Post-Graduate School, in which, from its inception, he has occu- pied the chair of Gynecology. He is Clinical Professor of Gynaecology in the Woman's Medical College ; Gynjecologist to St. Luke's Hospital and Surgeon to the Woman's Hospital ; formerly Curator of the Museum, and Lecturer on diseases of children in the Chicago Medical College, as well as Lecturer on obstetrics in Rush Medical College. He has been obliged to resign both of these trusts owing to the pressure of private work. As a clinical lecturer. Dr. Byford has won well-merited reputation — reports of his lectures being solicited by the leading medical periodicals of the country. His contributions to medical journals are numerous, and are characterized by their original matter and practical interest, some of them having been published in Europe. He wa.s co-editor with his father, the late Dr. William H. Byford, Sr., of the last edition of " Byford's Diseases of Women." He is a charter member and ey-nn-iifJont of the Chicago Gyna-cological Society, active member of the American Gynae- cological Society, of the Chicago Medical Society, the Chicago Medico-Legal Society, the Illinois State Medical Society and the American Medical Association. Dr. Byford has twice visited Europe, first in 1865-68, and again in 1879-80. He has made an exhaustive study of nervous diseases, in connec- tion with gynaecological practice, in the hospi- tals of London, Edinburgh, Heidelberg and Paris. Not satisfied with the fulfillment of the many duties which come to him in the regular practice of his profession. Dr. Byford has added to it another and a very valuable and important form of activity, which has gained him imperishable renown — that of invention. He has invented numerous new methods of operation, many of which are associated in medical literature with his name. Thus he was the first to advise and per- form operations for shortening the sacro-uterine ligaments for retroversion of the uterus ; inguinal suspension of the bladder for cystocele ; vaginal fixation of the stump in abdominal hysterot- omy; bilateral denudations for anterior colpocele and cystocele ; subcutaneous perinseotomy, etc. He has also brought to its present state of perfec- tion the operations called vaginal oophorectomy and vaginal ovariotomy, having reported, in 1890, eighteen operations without a death. We have further evidence of his originality and ingenuity as an inventor in a multitude of instruments de- vised by him, the most important of which are his broad ligament forceps for the removal of the uterus through the vagina, his hysterotomy clamp forceps, trocar for vaginal ovariotomy, probe-pointed fascia scissors, perinaeotomy tene- tome, uterine elevator, improved needle forceps, retroversion pessary, uterine hook, uterine cu- rettes, various forms of haemostatic forceps for use in vaginal section, etc., etc. " He possesses" (quoting the words of one eminently qualified to speak with authority on the subject), "a degree of mechanical ability not often found among those who have chosen to follow the practice of medi- cine as a profession. He may justly be proud as the author of a large list of surgical instruments that have not only been an assistance to his fel- low-practitioners, but a great benefit to the public as well." And further: " We feel safe in saying 344 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY A\D PORTRAIT GALLERY. that but few men engaged in the practice of any trade or profession, in this or any other age, have obeyed the dictates of conscience or felt the weight of their duties and responsibilities more fully than has Dr. Henry T. Byford." He is a Republican, though not a politician, subordinating everything to his chosen work. He is a member of the Methodist church, and has, throughout his life, been strongly influenced by the teachings of his mother, a woman of deep religious sensibilities. Dr. Byford is a man of fine physical propor- tions, a thorough athlete and a great pedestrian. He has explored on foot the Hartz Mountains, the English lake country. Northern Wales, the Black Forest of Germany and the mountains of Switzerland, as well as the mountain regions of his own country. From early youth Dr. Byford has evinced great artistic ability. He spent some time, during his residence at Paris, in the famous Julien studio, doing good work in drawing and crayon. It is, however, as a water-color artist that he excels. Blessed in so many waj-s, it only needs the addition of a happy home to make his life com- plete, and this is not denied him. Mrs. Byford, whose maiden name was Miss Lucy Larned, is the daughter of Frederick Sylvester Larned, who was Assistant Paymaster-General of the United States Army during the late civil war. Colonel Larned, who was a graduate of West Point, is an accom- plished linguist, a man of superior education, and has traveled twice around the world. Mrs. Byford is a lady of most admirable and pleasing qualities. She is domestic in her tastes, a devoted mother, and to her husband a great source of cheer and inspiration in his work. Amiable, talented and exceedingly winning and gracious in her manner, she is verj' popular in social circles, and is the ruling spirit in the cordial influence that pervades her home. Their four children are : Miss Gene- vieve Larned Byford, a very graceful and attrac- tive girl and a musician of rare gifts; Mary Lina Byford, aged six years. Heath, a little boy, aged four, who bears a marked resemblance to his distinguished grandfather, the late Dr. William H. Byford, and William Holland Byford, born March 5, 1 891, at Chicago. REV. JEREMIAH PORTER, D.D. CHICAGO, ILL. THE distinguished honor of laying the foun- dations, in Chicago, of the great work of the Presbyterian Church, belongs to the subject of this sketch. As a missionary of the American Home Missionary Society (now Congregational), he was sent in 1831 to Fort Brady, at Sault Ste. Marie. Mich. Thence with the troops under Major John F"owle he reached old Fort Dearborn May 13, 1833. The next Sabbath (19th), he preached in the carpenter's shop at the Fort, from John xv, 8. In the afternoon, at "Father Walker's" log house, west side, near the forks of the river. In the evening (six o'clock), held a prayer meeting in the Fort. Of that day's early morning experience, his journal says: "The first dreadful spectacle that met my eyes on going to church was a group of Indians sitting on the ground before a miser- able French dramhouse playing cards, and as many trifling white men standing around to wit- ness the game." June 26. 1833, Mr. Porter organized the First Presbyterian Church, with twenty-seven members. Seventeen of them had come with him from his Fort Brady church and nine were citizens of the little village of Chicago. Most remarkable is the fact that all of these charter members were Con- gregationalists, except Philo Carpenter, and sub- sequently he became a leading Congregationalist, whose devotion and beneficence are honored in Carpenter Hall and Chapel of the Congregational Seminary, Union Park. Among the Congrega- tional successors to Dr. Porter in the First Presby- terian pastorate were the sainted Flavel Bascom, D. D., for ten years, and the present gifted pastor. Rev. J. H. Barrows, D. D., whose biography ap- pears in this volume. Rev. Dr. Porter was born in 1804, in Hadlcy, Mass. Samuel Porter had settled in Hadley in 1639, and the house he built is still owned by his descendants. Samuel Porter of a subsequent <^^7 ^.^<^^^k^ dPc BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AA'D PORTRAIT GALLERY. 347 generation and grandfather of Jeremiah, married Susanna Edwards, daughter of the eminent theo- logian, President Jonathan Edwards. Jeremiaii's father was Dr. William Porter, who ."served in the army of the United States as surgeon during the war of i8i2, and died in Hadley at the age of eight)'-four. The mother of Jeremiah was Char- lotte, daughter of the Hon. William Williams, of Hatfield, Mass. Of twelve children, Jeremiah was the youngest of the six who reached their major- ity. His preparatory education was at Hopkins Academy under Rew Dr. Dan. Huntington, father of Bishop Y. D. Huntington (N. Y.), and in the family of Rev. Ahan Hyde, D. D., at Lee, Mass. At seventeen he entered Williams College (Mass.), and graduated at the age of twenty-one. The same year, 1825, he entered the Theological Sem- inary at Andover, Mass. Though undecided as to his future calling, he completed two years of study, then remained with his father until the spring of 1828, when, through the advice of Presi- dent Grififin, of Williams College, he became prin- cipal of the Monitorial High School in Troy, N. Y. After two successful years he accompanied the late Henry A. Boardman, D. D., of Philadelphia, to Princeton Theological Seminary and graduated in 1831. During the previous spring he had been licensed to preach by the Hampshire (Mass.) Con- gregational Association, and was ordained after his graduation by the same body. By direction of Rev. Dr. Absalom Peters, Secretary of the American Home Missionary Society (N.Y.), he left at once for Sault Ste. Marie. By stage to Albany, thence by the new New York & Erie Canal — stop- ping over for the Sabbath with a brother at Au- burn — he reached Buffalo, having 3,000 people. By steamer to Cleveland and Detroit, he found passage from the latter to Mackinac on the last schooner which made the trip that fall. At Mackinac he was welcomed to hospitable entertainment in the Christian family of Robert Stuart, of the Astor Fur Co. He preached one evening at Rev. Wm. M. Ferry's church. Novem- ber 24, Thanksgiving Day, a small bafk canoe arrived from the Sault with orders " not to return without Mr. Porter." Three French voyagers manned it. With the United States mail, last for the season, a mess basket from his hostess, and a negro bound for Fort Brady, they set out at once. Forty-five miles along the lake shore and forty-five up' St. Mary's river, camping by night on shore, once in snow, were accomplished on the fourth day, breaking the ice to land. Mr. Porter was wel- comed to the beautiful home of Mr. Schoolcraft, the United States Indian Agent. Sunday, De- cember 4, 1 83 1, Mr. Porter preached in the school- room of Rev. Mr. Bingham's Baptist Mission to the Indians. Soon a store was fitted up for serv- ices, and a Presbyterian Church formed with seven members — three men. The two ministers heartily co-operated. A revival followed, and all the officers and their wives, except a lieu- tenant and wife, expressed conversion to Christ before spring, and the membership of the new church was increased to thirty-three. The next year, 1833, these troops were ordered to Fort Dearborn, and Mr. Schoolcraft transferred to Mackinac. Finding his church broken up, the shepherd would not leave his flock; and so May 4, 1833, embarked with Major Fowle and his command. Passing a day at Mackinac, they pro- ceeded along the west shore of Lake Michigan. No sign of human habitation was seen except the Indian trader's, Juneau, with his squaw wife, at Milwaukee River. May II, the schooner an- chored near the mouth of the Chicago River — nearly a mile south of the present channel. Being too rough to land, it was May 13 when the ship's longboat was rowed into and up the river and around to the junction of the North and South branches. At Wattles tavern Mr. Porter met leading men of the 300 people in the village, and was invited by P. F. W. Peck to take quarters in the unfinished loft of his two-story store, south- west corner of La Salle and South Water streets. His organization of the First Presbyterian Church has been stated. He remained pastor un- til the autumn of 1835, when the membership was 109. The previous spring he was the first dele- gate from the Ottawa Presbytery to the General Assembly. At the close of its sessions, in Pitts- burg, Pa., Mr. Porter went to Rochester, N. Y., and married Miss Eliza Chappel, late from Fort Dearborn. They visited his parents in Massa- chusetts, then went to Chicago, and in Septem- ber removed to the Main-Street Church in Peoria. Two years later, Mr. Porter preached the opening sermon — Anti-Slavery — before the Synod of Illi- nois, at Springfield. Though threatened by a pro-slavery mob, he and others rode horseback to 348 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. Alton and held a convention in support of- the famous Lovejoy, for the freedom of the slave and of the press. A few days after they left, Lovejoy was murdered. From Peoria to Farmington, early in 1838, thence to Green Bay, Wis., in 1840, he continued in happy and successful pastorates until 1858. That year he attended the General Assembly at Chicago, and accepted the pastorate of the Ed- wards Congregational Church — returning to his own denomination after 27 years of frontier serv- ice with Presbyterian Churches. In 1859 he de- picted the " First twenty-five years of Chicago," in a lecture before the Historical Society. In March, 1861, Mr. Porter began his most memorable, self-denying, laborious and fruitful army chaplaincy — its hardships and loving labors shared largely by his heroic and efficient w^ife. He was chaplain of the " First Illinois Light Artiller}%" in which his son, James W., and a nephew had enlisted. At Cairo, Mrs. Porter joined her husband in administering to the sick and wounded from the battles of Forts Donelson and Henry, Pittsburg Landing and Shiloh. Thence followed to Paducah, Corinth and Mem- phis. A " convalescent camp " at Memphis was fruitful in desired religious interest in winter and spring of 1863. The first school for frecdmen was established there by them. Dr. Edmund Andrews, surgeon of the " First Illinois Light Artillery,'" endorsed the effort. At Vicksburg, Mr. Porter was installed chaplain in the city hos- pital and preached in the Presbyterian Church until the spring of 1864. Thence he followed Gen. Sherman toward Atlanta. Mrs. Porter had preceded him with sanitary stores. From Kene- saw Mountain, both went with the wounded to Marietta, Ga., remaining until after the fall of Atlanta, where his own son, James W., now in Chicago, did valiant service. After returning to Chicago for a respite, Chaplain and Mrs. Porter went to Washington in the winter of 1864-5, and interceded with President Lincoln for the return North of the sick and wounded soldiers in South- ern hospitals. They bore testimonials from " Confederates " of their kindness to the enemy. Sailing from New York, they reached Savannah ten days after its capture by Gen. Sherman. Thence, by water, with their colonel, now Gen. J. D. Webster, to Wilmington, N. C, and joined Gen. Sherman's army at Goldsborough. At the surrender of Lee they were both attending the sick in a hospital at Newbern. Returning via Norfolk, Alexandria and Washington, they fol- lowed Gen. Logan's corps to Louisville, Ky. Thence the chaplain was honorably mustered out at Springfield, July 31, 1865. In the autumn they were both sent by the San- itary and Christian Commissions with stores to three regiments on the Rio Grande, watching the French movements under IMaximilian. After perils by sea, the ladies being carried ashore on the backs of sailors at Bagdad, Mexico, they finally reached Brownsville, Texas. They went into camp at the " Soldiers' hospital." Besides their sanitary work, Mr. Porter preached, and Mrs. Porter, with Miss Lizzie Garey, of Galesburg, taught the colored soldiers and opened the " Rio Grande Seminary" for boys and girls. The spring of 1866 closed the field work of the Commissions, and so brought Mr. and Mrs. Porter back to Chicago, and a reception was given them at the Sherman House. After visits and labors at Green Bay and Prairie du Chien, Mr. Porter accepted an invitation to return to Brownsville, Texas, in 1868, to succeed Rev. Hiram Chamberlain, deceased, in 1867, and rebuild the church demolished by a tornado. The new brick church was dedicated in 1869. In 1870 he was appointed Post Chaplain, U. S. A., and assigned to Fort Brown. He also organized a church of colored people and preached to them. Mrs. Porter resumed her teaching until Texas public schools were organized. Chaplain Porter was changed to Fort Sill, I. T., in 1873, and to Fort D. A. Russell, Wy., in i876. After four years more of active service he was given leave of absence until retired, June 30, 1882. Fourteen months of this time were spent in California to see their son, Rev. Henry D. Porter, M. D., depart as a missionary to China, and in doing good Chris- tian work at Santa Barbara and Sonoma. They were present at the semi-centennial anniversary of the First Presbyterian Church, Chicago, which they both helped to organize in 1833. They have since resided with their children in Detroit and Beloit. After much suffering, in great patience, Mrs. Porter died in Santa Barbara, January i, 1888. Dr. Porter still enjoys a good old age at Beloit, BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOSARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. 349 Wis., with his daughter, Mary H. Porter, who was for eighteen years a missionary in China. Uni- versally esteemed, he is held in high honor for his spotless character. Christian works and faith- ful stewardship. None deserve higher reward. In acknowledgement of his wisdom and worth he received the degree of D. D. from Williams College, Mass. Of nine children, four survive — James W., of Chicago: Edwards W., of Detroit, Mich.; Rev. Henry D., M. D. and D. D., N. China; and Miss Mary H. Porter, Beloit, Wis. MARK KIMBALL, CHICACO, ILL. THERE are perhaps few among those who were at one time prominent and respected citizens of Chicago whose memory is more re- spected, and whose genuine worth more widely recognized, than that of the late Mark Kimball. He was born at Pembroke (now Darien), Genesee county. New York. May 5. 1821, the son of John and Ruth (^Huckman) Kimball. Reared on his father's homestead, his early life was occupied by attendance at the district schools and farm work. When he was thirteen years old, in June, 1834, the family started for the West, overland, with two teams and covered wagons. At Buffalo they placed all on board a boat for Detroit, whence they proceeded again overland, camping at night on the prairie, and soon reached Door Prairie, Indiana, where they remained six weeks. Re- suming their journey, they crossed the deep river to Yankee Settlement and Joliet, and thence to Bristol, on the Fo.x River. Remaining there a week, they returned to Naper\'ille — then in Cook county — and here Mr. Kimball's father bought the farm where the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad now crosses Du Page River. Here young Kimball attended .school and worked on the farm. In 1836 he engaged in the grocery- bus- iness with his brother, John J. Kimball, and sub- sequently went into business at Naperville, and made several investments in real estate. In 1839 he became a clerk at the Illinois Ex- change hotel, Chicago. A year later he entered the employ of Botsford & Beers, hardware mer- chants. In 1847 'it-' established a general store at Naper\ille, placing his brother John J. in charge of it. but disposed of it two years later. In 1852 he became financially interested in the wholesale hardware business of Mr. Botsford, before referred to. the firm being known as J. K. Botsford & Co. In 1863 Mr. Kimball was elected one of the directors of the Mutual Security Insurance Com- pany, and afterward became its secretary. In 1865 he retired from the firm, then known as Botsford, Kimball & Co. In February of that year he became one of the incorporators of the Old Ladies' (now known as the Old People's) Home of Chicago. One of the original members of the Calumet Club, he remained a member up to the time of his death, although not a club man in any sense of the word. In 1 866 he organized and became president of the Citizens' Insurance Company, of Chicago, of which he was manager one year, but finding that it did not pay over ten per cent on the capital in- vested he closed out the company and repaid the .stockholders the amount of their stock with a dividend of ten per cent thereon. In 1867, Mr. Kimball with A. G. Burley and Samuel Brown were appointed trustees of Oriental Lodge No. 33, A. F. & A. M.,. which office he re- tained until 1872. After the fire of 1871 he was elected assignee in bankruptcy of the Mutual Security Insurance Company. Subsequently he settled the affairs of a number of mercantile and banking institutions. In July, 1876, Mr. Kimball was a candidate for the mayoralty of Chicago, but was defeated by a small majority by the Honorable Monroe Heath. His modesty was such that he repeatedly refused to allow himself to become a candidate for any political office, and it was wholly against his wishes that he was nominated for the mayoralty. About that time he served two terms as col- lector of the town of South Chicago. ■ His bond for the second term was for nearly Si4.000'000> and was signed by all the then leading capital- ists and merchants of Chicago. He, with Mr. 350 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY A.XD PORTRAIT GALLERY. Robert T. Lincoln and others, were the first to insist that the law requiring town collectors to turn the surplus of the two-per-cent commission on collections above $i,500over tothe town board should be enforced. In 1879, ^^' with Messrs. Enos Ayres and John G. Shortall were appointed appraisers of school lands. He was a shrewd business man, and his investments, especially those in real estate, were successful. He held on to those which were good and made an early disposal of those which were of questionable soundness. Thus he sustained but few losses and acquired considerable wealth. On February 20, 1848, he married Miss Eliza- beth Judson, daughter of the Rev. Philo Judson (who performed the marriage ceremony in the Clark Street Methodist Episcopal Church). Mrs. Kimball, his son, Eugene S. Kimball, and his daughter, Mrs. Helen M. Galloway, survive him. In matters of religion Mr. Kimball held liberal views, and was a regular attendant upon the serv- ices at the Central Church under the charge of Prof. David Swing. In politics he was a Democrat, though in no sense a politician. His death occurred in this city on the 29th day of May, 1 89 1. At the funeral, attended as it was by a large circle of his friends and acquaintances, members of his family — as had always been a family custom — acted as pall-bearers, while Prof. Swing officiated. His life was an example of the power of patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity. His success in life was the natural result of his own persevering energy, indomitable courage and genuine worth. In his character he combined qualities of mind and heart that rendered him de- servedly popular, and secured to him the warm friendship of all who enjoyed his acquaintance. By his death the city of Chicago lost one of its most prominent and respected citizens, a man be- loved and esteemed by all who knew him. CALVIN DEWOLF. CHICAGO, ILL. CALVIN DEWOLF was born February 18, 181 5, at Braintrim, Luzerne county, Penn- sylvania, being the oldest son, who survived in- fancy, of a family of thirteen children. His father, Giles M. De Wolf, was born in Pomfret, Connecticut, in 1782. His grandfather was also a 1 ative of the same town. The ancestors of this family of De Wolfs came from Holland and settled in Lyme, Connecticut, about 1650, but were originally Huguenots from France, and were driven to Holland by religious persecution. His mother, Anna Spaulding, was born in Cavendish. Vermont, in 1786, and was a descendant of Ed- ward Spaulding, who settled in Chelmsford, Massa- chusetts, about the year 1633. The De Wolf family removed to Vermont in 1817, but returned after a few years to Braintrim, in 1821, and in 1824 settled in Pike, Bradford County, Pennsyl- vania. Here a home was " cleared " in the " beech woods," and support secured. Calvin worked on the farm, and made muscle, if not money, in removing the timber from the soil. He improved such opportunities for study as he had, with three months of winter school each year during his minority. His father and a private tutor had aided him to considerable proficiency in Latin, the higher mathematics and surveying. He had taught school previous to 1836, when he went to the Grand River Institute, a manual labor school in Ashtabula county, Ohio. For one and a half years he sustained himself well in his studies, and in securing a livelihood. Then, by taking charge of a shipment of fruit, he '• worked his way " to his future home. On the 31st of October, 1837, he reached Chicago, with no capital except his own brain and brawn, and no friend in the city. After unsuccessful efforts, traveling as far as the Fox River on foot, he finally secured employment as teacher at Hadley, Will county, Illinois, having only a "York shilling" left for pressing needs. He returned to Chicago in the spring of 1838, and took a hand at various occupations before getting an opening to study law with Messrs. Spring & Goodrich. Two years more were spent in teaching during his law studies before BiocKAniicAi. n/CT/dwiKV .ixn roRTR.i/r c.aijjiry. 353 his admission to the bar in 1S43. His close attention to duties for eleven years gave him a successful practice and plenty of friends. In 1854 Mr. De Wolf was elected justice of the peace, and for a quarter of a century, by re-elections and appointment, administered that office with marked abilit\-. Over ninety thou- sand cases came before him for decision. Some of these became of great interest and importance through appeal to the higher courts. One be- came of national repute, being carried to the Supreme Court of the United States. "Judge" De Wolf's warrant took into custody a slave- hunter, S. K. Nuckolls, and meanwhile "Eliza" escaped. In 1856 he was elected alderman and made chairman of the committee which revised the city ordinances. He was alderman also from 1866 to 1868, and had a large share in improving the city government. He was twice a member of the Board of Supervisors of Cook county. From earl\- manhood he was a zealous and consistent Abolitionist ; was secretary' of the first society formed in Chicago by that body of philanthro- pists. The Rev. Flavel Hascom, D. D., of hal- lowed memory, was president. He was also one of the founders of the Western Citizen, estab- lished b\- the State society as an anti-slavery organ. In i860 Mr. De Wolf, for his action as magis- trate already noted, was indicted by the United States District Court for " aiding a negro slave, called Eliza, to escape from her master, one Ste- phen S. Nuckolls, of Nebraska." A part of one of the counts of the indictment is inserted here, as a relic of Charles Sumner's " barbarism " inflicted on young Chicago, to wit : The grand jurors of the United States of America chosen, selected and sworn, and charged to enquire of crimes and offenses within and for the Northern District of Illinois, upon their oaths present : That heretofore, to wit, on the first day of September, A. fJ. 1858. a certain negro female slave called Kliza. a person lawfully held to service or labor in the Territory of Nebraska, bemg the property of one Stephen K. Nuckolls, of the s;»id Territory of Nebraska, the person to whom such service or labor was then due, did escape into Illinois, and was pursued, claimed, seized and arrested by the said Nuckolls, and said slave was lawfully under the control of said .Nuckolls, etc., and that one Calvin I)e Wolf, late of said district, together with divers ; to wit, one hundred other persons to the jurors afores.'iid as yet unknown and with force and arms unlawfully, knowingly and willingly did rescue the said negro slave Eliza, etc., he, the said Calvin De Wolf then and there well knowing, etc. (the alleged facts as set forth), and against the peace ami dignity of the United States of America and of the people thereof. (Signed) H. S. Frrcn, U. S. District Attorney. (Endorsed) "A True Bill." (Signed) W. I.. Nkwhf.rrv, Foreman. Filed November 19th, 1S60. (Signed) W. H. Bkadi.kv, Clerk. As a matter of fact, Mr. De Wolf states that he was not present at the time Eliza was rescued ; but the grand jury, knowing his sentiments, found the indictment on general principles. They knew that he was an uncompromising Abolitionist and had the will to do the act. He was held to bail with five or six others in the sum of twenty- five hundred dollars each. He filed a motion to quash the indictment, on the ground that slavery did not exist in Nebraska. The South, and pro- slavery Northerners, claimed that the repeal of the Missouri Compromise carried slavery into all the Territories by virtue of the Federal Constitu- tion. The motion never reached a hearing. The case never reached a trial, but was dismissed in December, 1861, by E. C. Earned, U. S. District Attorney. When Eliza was taken from her master, the police interfered and took both to the " lock-up " for disturbance of the peace. While Nuckolls was in the "lock-up" Mr. De Wolf issued a war- rant, on the affidavit of George Anderson, against Nuckolls for an attempt to kidnap. The war- rant was never served, and Mr. De Wolf never saw Nuckolls or Eliza. In 1879, after closing his long service as justice of the peace, Mr. De Wolf resumed the practice of law, and has continued in professional work, but spends most of his time in the management of his private business. In June, 1841, he married PVances Kimball, of Chicago, a native of Preston, Connecticut. Five children were born to them — Ellen L., now Mrs. R. H. Hell, of Normalville, Cook county, Illinois; Anna Spaulding, who went in 1877 to New Orleans as a missionary teacher of the colored children, and died at Hay St. Eouis, Mississippi, in September, 1878; Mary Frances, now Mrs. Milo G. Kellogg, of Chicago; Wallace E., now secretary of the Metropolitan Investment Com- pany of Chicago, and dealing in real estate, and Alice, who married Mr. E. D. Kneeland, and died in March, 1882, at Kokomo, Colorado. 354 B/Odh'.U'H/CA/. /UCT/OX.U^y AXD I'ORTK.UT CALLERV. Mr. De Wolf and wife are members of the early years. Now in the rijjcncss of his wisdom. Sixth Presbyterian Church of Chicago. For and in affluence, lie enjoys the confidence and some years, as an elder, he has nobly rounded high regard of all with whom he has business or out a Christian life, bcsjinnin'' actively with his social relations. GEORCxE WILLARD, CHICAGO, ILL. MR. WILLARD graduated from the Union College of Law in 1865; was soon after admitted to the bar and is now in the twcnty- si.xth year of a continuous practice in Chicago. At the present time he is attorney for the Penn- sylvania Railroad Company and its two Chicago connections known as the "Fort Wayne" and "Pan Handle" lines. Also for the New York, Lake Erie and Western and the Northern Pacific Railroad companies and the American and Red Star steamship lines. In 1870 he was appointed attorney for the North Chicago Rolling-^Iill Company, and local attorney for the Chicago and North-W'estern Railway Company, holding the latter until 1875, and the former until 1889. He served one term as attorney and two terms as treasurer of the village of Hyde Park : was six- years master in chancery of the Circuit Court of Cook county, and five years secretary and treas- urer of the Western Railroad Association. Mr. Willard is known as a modest, kind-hearted, charitable gentleman, but firm of purpose and conviction. His capacity for hard, continuous work is very great, as is his zeal and ambition for success. Few lawyers now at the Chicago bar have tried, unaided, a greater number of cases than Mr. Willard. Mr. Willard in 1864 enlisted as a pri\ate in the ninety-day service and ser\cd as a member of Company B, One Hundred and Thirty-second Regiment Illinois Volunteers, for a period of about six months, and until the regiment w-as mustered out of the service in the fall of that year. Mr. Willard is a native of the village of Natural Bridge, Jefferson county. New York, and a direct descendant of Major Simon -Willard, who was born in Horsmonden, Kent count}-, England, and emigrated therefrom to Boston. Massachusetts, in 1634. COL. LOREN H. WHITNEY, CHICAGO, ILL. THE gciitk-man whose name heads this article is widely known as an able lawyer, a brave and gallant soldier, and an author of considerable repute. He is a native of Ohio, and is a fair type (if the men who have so ably and honorably rep- resented that great commonwealth wherever men of learning, elociuence and scientific attainments were needed, or the tented field required them. He was born in Berlin. I'.iic County, Ohio, Sep- tember IJ, 1839, the eldest son of James W. Whit- ney, who came from Yates County, New York, and settled in Berlin in 18:35, '"^^l married Miss Betsey Harper, a young hidy of fine natural abilities, a relative of the famous Harper Broth- ers, New York. In 1S4S the family mo\eil to DeKalb Count}-, Illinois, where Loren attended school until he was about sixteen years old, when, lured by the glowing accounts of Mississippi, he joined a number of young men of his neighbor- hood in a resolution to go to that State and seek a fortvnie; but when the time came to go all changed their purpose, excepting young Whitney, who started on foot, with staff in hand and car- pet-bag, alone, and with but one dollar and sev- enty-five cents in his pocket. His father refused him assistance, hoping to deter him from going. but he was not made of the .stuff that }ield>. In two and a half davs he walked to I'cru, seventy i^Jr^^f' ^Sk BIOCRAPHICAI. IIICTIOXARV AXD PORTRAIT CA/.f.FRV. 357 miles from home, and after |)ayiiiij for a meal lie balanced his cash account, and found but ten cents in his favor. Something had to be done. He offered his services to the enj;incer of a little steamer iyinjj at tlic wharf, and about to mt)ve out. He represented that he could do anj'thing and everything;, and was engaged as boy of all work, with the stipulation that he would be paid whatever his services were considered worth. He continued in this employment five weeks, and was paid twenty-eight dollars, and promised fift_\' dol- lars per month to continue, but declined the offer and went to Bolivia county, Mississippi, where he passed the winter. He contracted with a planter to throw up a levee on the banks of the Missis- sippi and made a handsome profit on his con- tract. He went across the plains to California in 1 85 5, with a company of gold-hunters, and there worked a gold mine and made money enough to enable him to return and gratify his young ambi- tion to pursue a college course of study, complet- ing a four-years' course in two years. He was a bright and apt student, always among the fore- most in his class. He then entered the law office of the late Gen. Stephen A. Hurlbut, at Helvi- dere, Illinois, and subsequently attended Asbury University, Indiana, and still later was admitted to the bar, the committee that examined him com- I^limenting him highly on his proficiency, though he had read law but one year. When the war broke out he was practicing his profession, but entered the army as captain in the Kighth Regi- ment, Illinois Volunteer Cavalry, one of the best regiments in the Army of the Potomac. When Gen. McClellan advanced on Manassas Gap, Capt. Whitney, at the head of Sumner's Cavalry, led the way. While sitting on a " Quaker cannon " at Manassas he conceived the idea of writing for the press, but before an hour's thought concluded to write a full historj' of the war, and carried that purpose into execution, and his first volume was published in 1863. He served with valor in the I'eninsula campaign, and in the battles around Richmond, ;ind was offered the position of major on Gen. Sumner's staff, but declined it to accept a colonelcj", as he sup|)oscd, of one of the new regiments from his state; but when he returned it proved to be a lieutenant-colonelcy that was in- tended, and he declined it, but was instrumental afterward in organizing two more regiments which went to the field. During this time he wrote and published the first volume of his history of the War of the Rebellion, a work which will compare favorably with the best of the many histories of that great conflict. It is a clear setting-forth of the inciting causes and philosophy of the Rebel- lion, and an accurate and full history of the facts and incidents attending its ])rosccution and cul- mination. Governor Yates requested him to organize an- other regiment of infantr)-, which he did in three weeks' time, and being made its colonel, led it to the front in Mississippi. In 1864 he was put in command of a force sent out to intercept and drive away Gen. Forrest, who, at the head of a large force of cavalry, was committing depreda- tions on our railroad and telegraph lines and de- stroying our communications, and Col. Whitney was not defeated in a single contest with that noted rebel leader, though he had many fights and skirmishes, and succeeded in driving him away. Thence he went to Missouri with his com- mand and was engaged against Gen. Price in 1864. During his service he participated in twelve great battles and forty skirmishes, and was wounded twice. As an evidence of the appreci- ation of his bravery, and of the esteem in which he was held as an officer and man, his officers and men presented him with an elegant sword, case of pistols and a field glass. The sword, blood- stained, is still retained as a reminder of the great conflict. In 1866, when returning from Washington, where he had been to settle his accounts, he be- came acquainted with Miss Mary Munson, who was on her way home from college, and a year later married her. After leaving the service he settled at Chicago in the practice of his profession, and has been successful, standing well at the" bar as an honor- able and faithful attorney and counselor. In 1875 he went to Topeka, Kansas, and while there wrote a compendium of Kansas Rejjorts, making an octavo volume of nine hundred pages, which added to his reputation as an able and thorough lawyer, lie was solicited to run for congress while there, but declined, and returned to Chicago in 1877, and renewed the practice of the law, ami is now ( 1S92) so engageil. Uf Col. Whitney the Betich and Bar of Chicago 358 BIOGRArillCAI. DICTIONARY AXD PORTRAIT iiALLERY. says: "He is a stalwart Republican, a fluent. ready, graceful speaker, and his voice is heard in advocacy of the principles and platform of that party in all important campaigns. He has a com- manding presence, is six feet two inches in height, the regulation height of a genuine Buckeye, and is one who, even on first sight, leaves the impres- sion of being more than an ordinary man in all respects. He stands well in the community and has the confidence and esteem of all who know him intimately. He is yet a young man, but his life work up to the present time, in so far as it is known and read of men, is to his credit." In July, 1882. he presided at the Cook County Convention which elected delegates to the Repub- lican State Convention, and in the following fall was nominated for the legislature from the Twelfth Ward, but declined to be a candidate, although he received the largest majorit\- of anyone ever nominated in that ward. Col. Whitney is prominent in Grand Army cir- cles, and is a true friend of every worthy cause. JAMES H. WALKER, CHICAGO, ILL. THE subject of this sketch, James H. Walker, was born in New York City, March 23, 1844. His father was the son of a British officer, his mother the daughter of an Irish squire. His brothers all had liberal educations. The oldest is the Episcopal bishop of North Dakota, and the other two are lawyers in the city of New York. His sisters graduated with high honors at the Packer Institute, Brooklyn. At the age of fourteen, Mr. Walker left Trinity school, after having qualified for Columbia College, and entered the employ of A. T. Stewart & Co., New York, at a salary of S50 per annum. That great house was then the foremost mercantile in- stitution of the land, and was distinguished by the high integrity of its founder, and the strict business methods of its organization. To be in its employ was considered an honor, and to have been educated in its methods was considered a guarantee of correct and thorough business prin- ciples. On entering that house, James II. Walker, the boy, found himself in the lowest and poorest position, and at the " beck and call " of all above him. 1 1 is duties commenced at half-past seven ill the morning, and continued with but half an hour's intermission for dinner, till the close of business, which was from six to twelve o'clock at night, according to the necessities of the season; for in those days the busy seasons were short, and the rush of business, of necessity, compelled very long hours while it lasted. Besides, the facilities which render business so easy now were then wanting. There were no elevators, no tele- phones, and the telegraph was but little used. By tireless energy and attention to his duties, the boy soon became noticed as reliable and always on hand. He adopted the habit of taking his lunch with him to the store and eating it in his department, so as to be available w-hen needed. In the fall of that year the panic of 1857 swept over the country and destroyed a large number of the commercial houses in New York. Economy became the order of the day among those which stood. Mr. Stewart thinned out his force as largely and as expeditiously as po.ssible, but Jas. H . Walker was retained, under the impression that his serv- ices would be useful even at such a time as that. The boy worked his way up gradually to be stock clerk, assistant salesman, salesman on the road, and finally, in 1863, he became a general sales- man. He speedily became the largest salesman in the house, and, in 1865 was placed in charge of a department. This department was managed so satisfactorily that in 1868 another department was added, and he went abroad as European buyer for the house. He conducted his depart- ments with conspicuous profit and success, and in 1874 Mr. Stewart, acknowledging his large and critical experience in all the European markets, desired him to take charge of his Manchester house, under power of attorney, on the retirement of one of his partners. In September, 1876, A. T. Stewart & Co. hav- ing decided to open a large wholesale house in Chicago. Mr. Walker was selected to take charge of that house, acting under their full power of at- IrpUr (}4^iA^ £^L4^^t^m^ BIOCRAnilCAI. niCTlOXAKV .I.XP I'ORTKAIT CAI.I.ERV. 361 torncy. This business he conducted for tlieni for four and one-half years, successfully and satisfac- torily, and then foreseeing; the retirement of A. T. Stewart & Co. (Mr. Stewart havin-j died), Mr. Walker decided to go into business for himself, starting his present house January i, 1882. The firm of James H. Walker & Co. has been a suc- cess from the start, and is the first instance cm record in this country of a house starting new and fresh, on a large scale, and doing a business the first year of over five million dollars. The history of all other houses has been that of a small beginning and gradual growth. This house started on a large and broad scale from the first, and has steadily grown year by year, l^esides the ver\' large wholesale house, it has a retail house doing a business of millions of dollars per annum. Its employes number altogether over twelve hundred. It has offices in New York, Manchester and Paris, and connections with all parts of the world. Mr. James 11. Walker is an acti\e member of many clubs and other organizations ; among others, the Chicago Commercial Club, the Chi- cago Club, the Chicago .Athletic Club, the Union Club the Twentieth Ceiiturj- Club, the Reform Club of New York, governing member of the .\rt Institute, and several others. He has long had a large collection of paintings, which is of high merit, and his librar)' is rich in historical works and books of literature and the fine arts. In 1865 he was married to Miss Emeline Tate, of New London, Conn., the descendant of an old colonial family, prominent in the Revolutionary \\ ar. The homestead in New London has been the residence of her famil)- for over one hundred and fifty years. Mr. and Mrs. James H. Walker have three children, two sons and a daughter. GEORGE SAWIN, CHICAC.O. ILL. THE subject of this biography is a native of Hoston, Massachusetts, and was born April 14, 1834. He is the fourth son of John and Char- lotte ( Lash) Sawin, and is of Scotch ancestry upon his father's and of Welsh upon his mother's side. Lrom his father he inherited a sturdy phj-sique, and the industry and integrity of the Scotch, and from his mother the fine conscientiousness and up- rightness of spirit for which the Welch are noted. During his boyhood George attended school in the little town of Chelsea, Massachusetts, where his parents resided for many years. After leaving this school, he attended an institution under the charge of one William D. Swan, and was gradu- ated therefrom. With a predilection for study and books, he was not long in making the choice of a profession, deciding upon the law as being most congenial to his tastes. Accordingly, when about eighteen years old, he entered the office of Mr. Samuel E. (iuild and Hon. Geo. S. Hilliard, both l)r(>minent lawyers at the Hoston bar. He studied under their preceptorship about two years, but just before finishing his course he was com[)elle(l bv failing health to relinquish his .studies. He thereupon made an e.\tensive trip thrf>ugh the Southern ami Western States. In 1854 he settled in Chicago. In 1855 he took a position in the mercantile house of Messrs. W. and S. L. Mills, as credit-man for the States of Wisconsin, Iowa and Minnesota. In 1856 he associated himself with Adam Car- lyle in a real estate enterprise, and laid out the town of De Soto, on the Mississippi river, in Bad- axe county, Wisconsin, where he invested all his possessions in a sawmill, warehouse, icehouse and other impro\ements. All was lost during the financial panic that swept over the country in 1857, and Mr. Sawin found himself penniless. Returning to Chicago, he took employment in the dry goods house of Messrs. Stac\- & Thomas, with whom he remained until 1S51J, when they went into liquidation. He then became a clerk in the postoffice under Hon. Isaac Cook, post- master, and being on the night service, he had some time each day for study, which he improved in the law office of Hon. James V. Root, and by indomitable energy and close application, fitted himself for examination and was admitted to practice in both the State and Federal courts. He first formed a partnershij) with Gilbert C. 362 BIOuRAPIIICAL DICTIOXARV A.\D PORTRAIT GALLERY. Walker, who was the first i,ai\'crnor of Virginia after the war, and the Hon James P. Root, under the firm name of Root, Walker & Sawin. He was afterwards succesively in the firms of Sawin & Mattocks, Storrs, Kellogt; & Sawin, and Chase, Munson & Sawin. At the opening of the civil war he enlisted in the Fifty-eighth Regiment, Illinois Volunteer In- fantry, and in December, 1861, left Chicago for Fort Henry as quartermaster of that regiment. Except a short time spent in Springfield, upon the reorganization of his regiment, after being liberated from Libby prison, he was constantly in the field, serving a great portion of the time on the staffs of Generals Smith, Morrow, Dodge and Sweeney. He was in the Sixteenth Corps of the Army of the Tennessee, and was in the Red River expedition as acting Major on the staff of Gen- eral Morrow. In the bloody battle of I'leasant Hill he led a brigade antl had two horses killed under him. He was with Gen. Sherman in the celebrated " Meridian Raid." During his whole service Mr. Sawin was noted for his bravery, and received the sobriquet of "The Fighting Quarter- master." After the war he resumed his profession at Chicago, and has since continued it uninterrupt- edly and achie\'ed satisfactory success. Mr. Sawin marrit'd, in 1855, a most estimable lady. Miss Caroline L. Rust, daughter of Elijah C. Rust, of Jamesville, Onondaga county, N. Y. In politics he has always been a Democrat. In religious belief he is an Episcopalian. He is a Past Eminent Commander of Knights Templar. As a business man he enjoys the confidence of all with whom he has to do, and for honest and manly dealing bears a character above reproach. AARON BENEDICT MEAD, CHICAGO, ILL. AARON BENEDICT MEAD was born No- vember 7, 1838, in Franklinville, Cattar- augus county. New York, the son of Merlin and Polly (Clark) Mead. His father, an enterprising farmer, was an elder for fifty years in the Presb)'- terian Church, being one of the original members, and prominent in all the affairs of the town. A "true blue" Abolitionist, his house was one of the stations of the famous " Underground Railway." Mr. Mead was brought up on the farm, received his early education in the district schools and local academy until seventeen years of age, when, by invitation of an uncle, he went to Waterbury, Conn., and entered its high school, standing No. 1 in his class. Upon leaving school he became a clerk in a dry goods store in Waterbury, receiving a salary of one hundred and seventy-six dollars per year. Determined to succeed, however, young Mead, by being economical in his habits, managed to save out of his salary twenty-five dollars the first year. But the firm failed. He next became a clerk in a crockery store in Hartford, Conn., at which place he remained until the breaking out of the late civil war. In June, 1861, he enlisted in Company A, Fourth Regiment, Connecticut Volunteers, in- fantry, which afterwards was changed to the First Connecticut Heavy Artillery. The original enlistment for three months was changed to three years' service, the Government having all the three-months men it required. This regiment was the first one filled, equipped and accepted for three years' service. Mr. Mead was with the regiment stationed around Washing- ton one year, when discharged on account of ])neumonia, the discharge taking place at Coal Harbor. After recovering from his illness suffi- ciently to allow of his engaging in business again, he entered the real estate office of his uncle, Abner L. Ely, who at that time had, probably, the largest real estate agency in the city of New \'ork. There Mr. Mead gained a thorough knowledge of the various details connected with the transfer and sale of real estate. In Januar\-, 1867, he removed to Chicago, which then gave considerable promise of a bright future, and opened a real estate office ujion his arrival. His first fee was two dollars, which he rccciveil for drawing a contract for the sale of a farm, and this fee he donated to Fisk University. Nashville, Tenn. lUOCRArmCAI. IIICTIOXMJV A.\I> rORTRAir i.AI.I.ERV. 365 In January, 1868, Mr. Mead formed a partner- ship with Albert L. Coe under the firm name of Mead & Coe, which partnership has continued to the present day (1892), being the oldest real estate firm in the city, and their business is one of the most successful and flourishing in this par- ticular line in Chicago. Carefully built up and under judicious management, it has grown rapidly from the commencement. Their clientage is of an extensive and substantial nature, no firm luuing a higher reputation than that of Meat! & Coe. .Mr. Mead was married in September, 1868, to Miss Mary E. Packard, daughter of James H. and Sarah C. Packard. The\- have four children. Mr. Mead is a member and deacon of the First Congregational Church. ;\lso treasurer of the Illinois Home Missionary Society, and a trustee of Illinois College at Jacksonville. In politics he is an ardent Republican. In the days of the war he was an Abolitionist, as was his father before him. Mr. Mead is a member of Geo. H. Thomas Post. No. 5. G. A. R. He is a m;#i of nu-tiiuni lu-ight, dark complex- ion and full beard, and in manner is genial and extremely affable and of a generous disposition. An energetic and enterprising business man, he is another of those w Im ha\c contributed so largely to the building up the reputation which the Citj- of Chicago to-day so ahiy sustains. As a public- spirited citi/.en, he is well known and esteemed. MARTIX HOWARD, ClllC.XCO, ILL. THF, career of Martin Howard fairly illus- trates what one may accomplish who is actuated by an honest, manly purpose and a determination to make the most of his opportun- ities and abilities. Mr. Howard has made his business life successful because he has been will- ing to pay the price of success in whatever posi- tion he has been placed. He has, by earnest, honest effort, earned the favorable result that has come as his reward, and whenever special trusts have been imposed on him, he has proved true to them. When difficulties ha\e arisen, he has stood steadfast, and with firm confidence in the right, worked till he has mastered them. Through the many difficult business problems that have come to his professional and business life, he has presseil steadily on, and by his straightforward course has won the respect and confidence of hi., asso- ciates and acquaintances. Added to his high social and moral qualities is an energy aiul force of character indispensable to him who would make for himself an honored name, and of him may truthfully be said, " he is the architect of his own fortunes." Mr. Howard was born in 1S40, at Rochester, New York, and when eleven years old removed, with his parents, Josiah and Eunice Howard, to Rock county, Wisconsin. Having early formed studious and industrious habits, he soon mastered the lower branches of learning, and entered on a course of study in Wayland Uni\ersity, graduat- ing therefrom with honor in 1858, after which he began the study of law. Heforc he hail completed his law course, the war of the Rebellion began, and in 1863 he laid aside his books and enlisted in the Fourteenth Regiment Iowa Volunteer In- fantry, and went to the front to take part in the great struggle for liberty. He was captured near Holl}- Springs, Mississippi, in the summer of 1864, and remained a prisoner until nearly the close of the war, when he was exchanged at Black Ri\er. Returning to Iowa, he was mustered out and hon- orably discharged, after which he went back to his old home in Wisconsin, and resumed his legal studies, and in 1866 was admitted to the bar. He continued his practice with success until 1873, when he removed to Chicago. His practice in Chicago was \ery satisfactor\-, and he soon attracted to himself a good clientage and became attorney for several wholesale firms. As a lawyer he was careful, prompt and reliable, deliberate in his judgment and true to the inter- ests of his clients, proving himself a good student of human nature as well as of legal lore. It was these and kindreil characteristics that brought him prominentl\- to the attention of those whose legal business he managed, among whom was the firm of Messrs. C. .M. Henderson and Co.. and 366 lUOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARV AXD PORTRAIT CAI.LERY. ulun, in 1881, Mr. Edmund Burke (who had been the financial manager of the firm) associated himself with Mr. James II. Walker, under the firm name of Burke, Walker and Co., Mr. Howard was tendered and accepted the position in the house of Messrs. C. M. Henderson and Co. made vacant by the withdrawal of Mr. Burke. The position is one for which his qualifications eminently fit him, and during the eleven years that he has filled it his services have been of the highest order, and he ranks among the ablest commercial financiers of Chicago. Mr. Howard is prominently identified with the Masonic fraternity, having become a member of that order in 1874. For two successive terms he was Illustrious Grand Potentate of Medinah Tem- ple, Ancient Order Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. He is a member of Home Lodge, A. F. and A. M., Chevalier Bayard Commandery and Oriental Consi.story, and a member of the Grand Army of the Republic. Some twelve years ago he was quite prominent in politics. Has been a member of the township, city, county and State Central Committees (Republican), and was a member of the State E.xecutive Committee during the cam- paign wherein President Hayes was elected. He has always been a devoted worker for what he believed to be right in politics, but business and its cares has made it impossible for him to be as actively engaged in such matters as heretofore. Mr. Howard has always a kindly word of en- couragement for those who are ambitious and worthy, and many a young man will testify that the encouragement and material aid given him by Mr. Howard has added much to his own de\'elop- ment and success. He is a man of good e.xecu- tive attainments, a forcible speaker, a genial companion and a faithful friend. ALBERT LYMAN COE, CHICAGO, ILL. ALBERT L. COE is a member of the well- known firm of Mead & Coe, one of the oldest established real estate firms in the city of Chicago. Their business was organized as early as 1868, since which time it has grown and developed immensely, being to-day one of the most prominent and favorably known houses in its line in Chicago. Mr. Coe was born at Talmage, Ohio, about thirty-five miles south east of the city of Cleve- land, and is the son of the Rev. David Lyman Coe, who came to the Western Reserve in 1818, soon after graduating from Williams College, Massachusetts, and Polly (Hayes) Coe, the daughter of Colonel Richard Hayes, who, with his family, left llartland, Connecticut, in tiie spring of 1804. Colonel Hayes led a colon)' of some twelve families, who located in Hartford, Trumbull county, Ohio, which town, together with a number of surrounding ones, they named after the various New England towns from which they came. The Colonel recruited a regiment of infantry from the very sparsely settled countr)- of Northern Ohio, and took part in the War of i8i3 ; afterward became a prosperous merchant, owned a large store, mills, stage line and other industries. He died about 1840, leaving quite a large fortune for those days. His family and that of President Hayes were distantly related, being, in fact, of the same blood. In 1836 occurred the death of Rev. David L. Coe, and in 1838 Mrs. Coe was married to Dr. Oresty K. Hawley. Receiving his early education in the district school, young Coe subsequently attended the academy at Painesville, Ohio, for some two years, and at Grand River Institution, in Austinburg, Ashtabula county, Ohio, leaving here at the age of seventeen to engage in the business of life. Our subject's stepfather was a noted Abolition- ist, and his house was one of the stations along the celebrated " Underground Railway," and young Coe drove many a load of runaway slaves up to the different points on Lake Erie, at an'd near Ashtabula, securing passage for them to the Canadian shore, the trips being oftentimes made at night. His selection for this position was owing to the good qualities he possessed as a horseman, and on account of his well-known fear- lessness and bravery, unusual for a boy of his age, as in those days threats of personal violence were ^^^ B/OGRAFHICAl. DICTIOXARV AXD POKTKA/T CALLER V. 369 freely made by ihc pro-slavciy element uiuler ])rotcction of the infamous " Kujjitive-Slave Law."' This service continued from his ninth to his four- teenth year. Joshua R. Giddini;;s and Benjamin F. Wade, both of abolition fame, were residents of the same county, and in the same circle of friends. It is therefore not surprising that young Coe took delight in visiting them, and naturally derived much patriotic inspiration therefrom. When about eighteen years old he decidctl to seek a wider field for his energies, and eventually settled in Chicago in 1853. In February, 1854, he entered into the coal business, under the firm name of T. R. Clarke and Co.. the firm consisting of Thos. R. Clarke, Benjamin Carpenter and Albert L. Coe. Three years later Mr. Clarke retired, and the firm name was then changed to that of Coe & Carpenter, which firm was con- tinned until the beginning of the War of the Rebellion. In September, 1S61, Mr. Coe, aroused by that patriotism which has characterized even his early boyhood, enlisted in the Fifty-first Illinois Infantry (raised in Chicago) as a private, serving over four years, or during the war. But before leaving camp he was commissioned second lieutenant, serving most of the time with the Army of the Cumber- land. He was under Generals Pope, Rosecrans, Sheridan, Thomas, Grant and Sherman, and did detachment service at the headquarters of the First Brigade, Fourteenth Army Corps, and also of the second division of the Fourteenth Army Corps; participated in the capture of Island No. 10, was at I'ittsburg Landing, the Siege of Corinth, the campaigns from Nashville to Chatta- nooga, battle of Mission Ridge, taking part in the Atlanta campaign, and was one of those who marched with Sherman to the sea ; also on the march from Savannah, through the Carolinas, to Washington, and was in the grand review at the close of the war. He received a captain's com- mission, but was never regularly mustered in that rank owing to the continued active operati(»ns in the field of the 14th Corps. He was mustered out of service in November, 1865, at .Springfield, Illinois. Subsequently he became a member of and helped to organize the Illinois National Guards, and from 1875 to 1880 served as major and quartermaster on Gen. A. C. Ducat's staff, and was on duty during the riots in this city in 1877. Upon returning to civil life Mr. Coe decided to engage in the real estate business. He had previously, and while in the coal business, become considerably interested in real estate matters, having received numerous commissions to execute ill real estate from friciuls in the East. In J.in- uar\-, 1S6S, lu- forniLil a partnership with Mr. .\. H. Mead, under the hrni name of Mead & Coe, which firm cnntiniiLS one of the most enterprising and best known, and one of the oldest firms engaged in the business in Chicago. They pos- sess an extensive clientage, and, in fact, do an amount of business equaled by few firms. He was married in March, 1864, to Miss Char- lotte PI. Woodward, a daughter of Joseph W'ood- ward. a prominent merchant of .Mansfield, C l^iRTRAIT i.AI.I.ERY. tines were perforated, the gas escaped throiiL^h a small glass tube inserted in the wound, anti would burn brightly on applying a liglited match. The same test was also available in wounds of the stomach. He was tendered fellowship in the most distinguished foreign societies. Among other distinctions he was elected a member of the Societe Chevalier Sauveteur. In 1885 ho was appointed Professor of the Principles and Practice of Surgery in the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Chicago. He, howe\er, con- tinued his residence and labors in Milwaukee. Three years later, on the death of Professor Gunn, of Rush Medical College, Chicago, Dr. Senn resigned from the faculty of the College of Physicians and Surgeons and accepted the chair of the Principles of Surger)- and .Surgical Patlioldoy in the Rush Medical College. Soon after the death of Ur. Parkes, the ilis- tinguished surgeon of Rush Medical College, Dr. Senn was chosen to fill his place. He removed to Chicago in the spring of 1891, to the great grief of his hosts of friends and patients in Milwaukee, where his practice had been all that the highest ambition could desire. Gov. Peck had appointed him Surgeon General of Wisconsin, and he had begun a thorough organi- zation of the surgical corps of the State. So great was iiis enthusiasm in this work, that he decided to retain his commission on the Go\ernor's stafT and perfect the work which he had undertaken. He organized the Association of Military Sur- geons of the National Guard of Wisconsin and the Association of Military Surgeons of the National Guard of the United States, and is president of both of these associations. During the early part of the present year (1892) Dr. Senn has been a tireless contributor to surgical litera- ture, and his cajiacity for work has always been a source of amazement to his confreres. During his last visit to the old world he was asked by a celebrated Swiss surgeon how he found time for so much work, and if the dajs were not longer in America than in ICurope. •' No,"' he replied with a sly twinkle in his eye, "our days are not longer. Doctor, but our nights are." And this is the secret of his prolific pen. His library is his evening workshop, and here he labors long into the small hours. One is fairly bewildered with the extent of his library. Books from the floor to the ceiling, filling two spacious rooms, and manuscript that must be compiled and made ready for the publisher, till one fairly shudders at the thoughts of attempting such a task. His is the largest and most select pri\ate medical library in the world, and it is amid such environments that Dr. Senn has produced his most valuable surgical monographs and supplied the surgical conventions of the world with brilliant flashes from his cunning scalpel. Por the past five years he has recei\ed an annual invitation to present an original paper on surgery before the International Medical Congress, and at the convention held in Washington, D. C, in 1887, he contributed his remarkable monograph on the diagnosis and treatment of gunshot wounds of the stomach and intestines. It marked the dawn of a new era upon the subject of gun- shot wounds of the abdomen. Dr. Senn is constantly importuned b\- pub- lishers for manuscript long in advance of its preparation, since all his works are unique and find a ready market. Among his published works are "The Principles^ of Surgery, " now in its first eilition ; "E.xperiment- al Surger\-," and ".Surgical Bacterial," which ha\e reached their second edition and are now being translated into the P'rench, Italian and Polish languages; " Intestinal Surger)-," which has been translated into the German language. All these works are original, and are the standard te.xt books on their respective subjects. Endless papers, before international, national, state and local societies ; monographs and contributions to surgical and medical journals, constitute an amount of labor that seems almost impossible, when one recalls tiie duties of instructor, operator and private surgeon. Dr. .Senn has been invited to co-ojierate with twehc of the most eminent surgeons of this country in the production of the "American Te.xt-Book of .Surgery," and he will contribute all of that portion relating to abdom- inal surgery. This work, from the prominence of the collaborators, promises to be the most authen- tic surgical work of the present century. In 1SS7 Dr. Senn visited all the European hos- l>itals, and wrote a book entitled " Four Months Among the .Surgeons of Euroiie," which was well received by the profession. In 1890 he was invited to represent America at the International 374 lilOGRAFlllCAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. Medical Congress, held in Berlin, and his demon- stration of original methods in gunshot wounds of the abdomen before this con\ention produced a sensation and won honors and decorations for him. Dr. Senn received the degree of I'h. D. from the University of Wisconsin on returning from his second trip to Europe. He is professor of surgery in Rush Medical College and attending sur- geon to the Presbyterian and St. Joseph's Hospi- tals; professor of surgery in the Chicago Poljxlinic; fellow of the American Surgical Association ; honorary- fellow of the College of Physicians of Pennsylvania ; permanent member of the German Congress of Surgeons ; honorary member of La Academia de Medicina de Mexico, of the D. Hayes Agnew Surgical Society of Philadelphia ; corresponding member of the Harveian Society of London, England ; member of the Ohio State Medical Society and the Minnesota State Medical Society ; member of the American Medical Asso- ciation, the British Medical Association, the Wis- consin State Medical Society, the Brainard Med- ical Society, etc., etc., etc. One could narrate endless incidents in the social and liumanitarian life of Dr. Senn that would prove most entertaining, but a biographi- cal record of this nature deals only with cold facts, ami forbids the use of a narrator's paint- brush. Courteous and affable. Dr. Senn greets one with a manner that is full of cheerful interest, and before one is able to swallow the diffidence one naturally feels on entering his sanctum, he has one puffing at a good cigar and chatting with all the ''esprit de corps" of old classmates. His home life is cxtremel\- domestic, and, although of a social disposition, he finds but few moments for the exchange of social amenities. His family consists of his estimable wife and two sons, aged fourteen and twenty-one years respect- ively. The elder boy is a student in the Rush Medical College, and if he but realize the fond hopes of his devoted parents, all these years of accumulated fame, honor and material posses- sions will ha\e been indeed "a labor of love," when the mantle of an illustrious father is rever- entl)- laid upon the shoulders of a worth)' son. EGBERT W. GILLETT, CHICAGO, ILL. TH E successful man is he who chooses his voca- tion with reference to his natural abilities and inclinations, and adheres strictly to the busi- ness of his choice. Among the successful and representative business men of Chicago must be numbered the subject of this sketch, Egbert W. (jiilett, born in De.xter, Jefferson county, N. Y. He is the son of Paul W. and Caroline 11. Gillett. both nati\es of the Empire State-. His father died at the age of si.xty-three and his niotlui' in her fifty-eighth year, the decease of both occur- ring in this city, where the>' had remo\'ed in 1S52 from New York .State. Much interested in tiie cause of temperance, his father often lectured on the subject. The business in Chicago, of which Mr. Gillett is the owner { manufacturing and importing of grocers' specialties), was established by his father many years ago. Arriving in this cit)' w ith his parents when but three yeaj"s of age, yt)ung Gillett receixeti his early education in the public schools of Chicago and finished at Wheaton College. Having com- pleted his education, he entered business with his father at 257 South Clark street. They were located at 61 Michigan avenue at the time of the great fire (October 8, 1871), and their entire plant was swept away. On October 9 they resumed business at 51 West Lake street, and remained there until the South Side was partially rebuilt, when they re- moved to Nos. 38 to 44 Michigan avenue, remain- ing there eleven years. During that time, in the \'ear 1882, E. W. Gillett became sole proprietor of the business, and in 1887 (requiring more room and enlarged facilities) he erected his present store at Nos. 9, II, 13 and 15 River street, 67x100 feet, six stories and basement, which he now occupies : thus making one of the finest wholesale buildings in that \icinit\-. He employs in this business about two hundred and fifty hands, and his trade ex- tends all over the L'nited States. In 1887 Mr. Gillett established .1 factor)" in Toronto, Ont., Vi^^j'^/-€e.^&~ BrOGRArillCAI. niCTIOXAKY A.Xn rORTKAir CAI.l.KKV. Ill locateil at .^J and 34 West l-"ioiU street, tn supply his Canadian trade, where lie employs a larqe number of operatives. He also founded the Champion Chemical Works in iSSj, located at 38 and 40 Michigan avenue, Chicago, and is president of the company, which does a large and prosperous chemical business. He was one of the founders of the Lincoln National Bank ami for several years a director. At present a director of the American Exchange National Bank and the Chicago Opera House Company; a member of the Union League Club, lUitKiis Club, Washington I'.irk Club, and other prominent clubs, corporations and associations. He has large real estate interests in Chicago and subdivisions in Ohio to which lie gives some at- tention. His handsome large brownstone resi- dence is in the finest part of the city, 3334 Miclii- gan avenue. In his stables are complete turnouts. He is an attendant and trustee of Plymouth Congregational Church. Also a trustee of the Illi- nois College, h)catetl at Jacksonville, 111. He was married Jul)' 25, 1868. Their children are Lillian May and Charley W. Ciillett. WILLIAM PARKER KI"rCHAM, CHICAGO, ILL. TIIL subject of this sketch was born .\pril 16, 1844, in the City of Brotherly Love. His father, Samuel Ketcham, and his mother, Rosc- annc, nie I'yott, were both natives of I'hiladel- phia. The father was a shoe manufacturer in that cit\-. In 1832 the family removed to Muscatine, Iowa, and there our subject attended the public schools until he was fourteen years old, after which he attended Stone's Acatlemy for about two years. In i860 he went to Marengo, Iowa, and en- gaged with his brother, J. P. Ketcham, in the lumber, grain and agricultural-imi)lement busi- ness. In April, 1861, he returned to Muscatine, anil took charge of the furniture estahlishnient of Messrs. Uensmore & Chambers, being hut se\cn- tecn years old. At the opening of the war of the Rebellion, filled with ])atriotism and lose for the Union, he at once enlisted in Company .A, Seventh Regi- ment, Iowa Volunteers, infantr\-, and went to the front. During the year that he was with this regi- ment he i)articii)ated in the battles of l^'ort Henry, I-'ort Donaldson, Shiloh and Corinth. His regiment was a part of Tuttle's Brigade, Wallace's divisi' heavy, and almost crushed them ; in fact, the great loss in this fire, supple- mented by the burning of their paper mills at St. Charles, so prostrated Mr. J. \V. liutler's brother that he soon after gave up the business. While the walls were still smoking, Mr. J. W. Hutler secured and moved into a building on the West side, that had been used for a church and mission school, and here again opened up business for the temporary accommodation of his trade. A new building being built for him, he removed hack to the South side, on Monroe street, where, in 1S76, the business was incorporated as the J. W. Butler Paper Company, with J. W. Hutler as its treasurer. In 1884 Mr. Hutler was electctl jjresi- dent of the company, and has filled that oltke ever since. The business has seen many struggles in its early days, but it was favoretl with a man of brains at its head, who knew no such woril as fail, and he has worked and lived to see every hope, every ambition realized for the business; and while it has competitors in its line, has none, absolutely none, in its class in the West, and none superior in the United States. Few wholesale commercial houses anywhere can show a proud list of over six thousanil select- ed customers, many of them more than a c|uarter of a century rild, and some a])proaching nearly the half-century line. Their business covers the entire forty-eight States and a large portion of Mexico. It is indeed a ty[)ical American institu- tion, honored and trusted. In politics, Mr. Hutler is a Republican, but has never been in office, nor sought one; he has, how- ever, been requested to permit his name to stand for this and that office in the city nuinieii)al gov- ernment, i)ul lias steadfastly refused. He is a director in iIk Royal Trust Savings Bank, and has been a director in numerous financial institu- tions, lie is an officer in the Union I'ark Con- gregational Church, and is deeply interested in the building up and Mistaining of the mi.ssion schools. Mr. lUitler was married, M.i\- 28tli, 1836, to Miss Julia A. Osgood, of Bellows Falls, Vt., to whose gentleness, good judgment and ready sym- pathy Mr. Hutler ascribes the courage and inspi- ration of his dark days, and the true and highest enjci\nicnl of his days of sunshine and plenty. Of the four children born unto this good father and moliier, two sons, l''rank O. and J. P>cd., are the survivors, the former being first vice-])resident and the latter .second vice-president of the J. W. Ikitlcr Compan\-. Mr. Hutler takes great interest in ,ill efforts tending to bring the tnkles together, believing that all such efforts result in general good. He was in.strumcntal in organizing, in 1881, the Chi- cago Paper Dealers' and Manufacturers' Associa- tion, and was its first president. Mr. Butler is fi\e feet fi\e inches in height, .md weighs one hundred anti thirty pounds. This brief \ iew of his business career and in- terests sliow liini to he eminently fitted for the p.iges of a histoi)- of men whose li\'es are pre- sented to the world as examples of high regard and excellence, typical of that intensified en- ergy and honorable characteristic of represen- tative American progress that has made the United Stales in general, anil Chicago in par- ticular, the wonder and admiration of the whole civilized world. Mr. Butler's personal histor\- exhibits the no- blest attributes of character; his life has been one continuous scene of activity and almost un- interruijted success. His achievements justify a stiid\- of the man, liis character, his qualities, his methods of action and acknowledged ability to gr.ipple w ith the higher forces of life around him, and to govern the agencies of nature and human- ity that are so essential to the attainment of eminence and success. He is strong in his friendship. ne\er wilhngly abandoning one in whom he has trusted, always willing to help the worthy, but sometimes turning 382 niOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY AND PORTRAIT GALLERY. a deaf ear to an applicant for his bounty who has not learned the pathway to competency by indus- try and economy; stron^^ j,, his disUkes of men whom he does not beheve in as honest and worthy,; strong in liis convictions of right and hatred of the tricks of business of which some even boast. His sterhng integrity is an unques- tioned fact in his liistory. Naturally modest and diffident, he is independ- ent in thought, but does not reach a conclusion without due consideration, and when once a con- clusion is reached, he is firm but not arrogant. He is a proud man, but his pride is a worthy and honest consciousness in, and appreciation of, the love of his famil\- and friends, and the profound respect of all with whuin he lias business or social relations. lie stands today in his mature years the pio- neer of a great industry and trade in the We.st. For nearly half a hundred years his honored name has been synonymous with that industry, and such has been the consonance of the connec- tion that it will continue for all time in American .social records and business heraldry an example for young men to pattern after, as illustrative of the fruits of probity, manliness and of the associ- ation of the higher elements of Christian fellow- ship with business dealing. HENRY STEVENS TUCKER, M.D. CHICAGO, ILL. HENRY S. TUCKER inherits from his father the clear brain and practical inge- nuity of the sturdy sons of Vermont, and from his mother the warm heart and gracious manner of the old Virginian. Early in the present century, his father, John R. Tucker, left his native home in Vermont, and after a few years' sojourn in Vir- ginia, settled in Kane county, Illinois, where the subject of this sketch was born on the ist of May, 1S53. Henry was sent to the common schools, passed successfully through the different grades, and was graduated from the high school, and then spent two vli\- protitable years at Wheaton College, Illinois. He early developed a fondness for anatomical studie.s, and became interestetl in all mechanical contrivances for operating upon the human body, and when the time came to choose a profession, he naturally selected surgery. He pur.sued a course of study at Rennet Medical College, Chicago, from which he was graduated in 1879. With a choice which has proved a very wise one, he located in Chicago, and the same )ear was elected demon- strator of anatoni)- by his nlniu iiintcr. He re- tained this position until 1S83, when he was elect- ed professor of gener.il anil descrijjtive anatomy. In this capacity he served until 1889, when he was elected professor of surgery in Rennet Medical College and attending and consulting physician in the college hospital, at the same time being ex- amining physician in several mutual benefit asso- ciations. In 1S83 Dr. Tucker was made a Mason at Clin- tonville Lodge, No. 5 1 1, A. F. & A. M., from \vhich he has since transferred his membership to Ash- lar Lodge, No. 308, of Chicago. He was exalted to the Royal Arch degree, R. A. M., Lafayette Chapter, in 1889. Well known in social and literary circles. Dr. Tucker is a member of the Grand Roulevard Club and also of the Evolution Club of this city. He is Republican in political .sympathies, though pre- vented by professional duties from taking an ac- tive part in politics. In his religious belief he is a Methodist. Dr. Tucker is a very successful physician, and it is interesting to note the traits of character which have contributed to his advancement. Calm and cool in demeanor, he impresses one as non-visionary and conservative, while at the same time is felt the underlying strength and positiveness of his character. One of his most admirable qualities is the ability to judge and to speak without exaggeration of the faults and virtues of another. In 1884 Dr. Tucker married Miss Emma Kro- nenberg, a daughter of Mr. Joseph Kronenberg, an old and prominent hardware merchant of Hamburgh, New York. Mrs. Tucker is a lady of much artistic culture, and delights in beautify- ^ .^^'"'^^^^-'-^-^ J^ ^^L^^ BIOGRAI'HICAI. DICTIOXARY A.XP J'ORTRA/T C.AI.I.ERV. 385 int; her comfortable home, whose happiness is year-old daughter, Inez, a l)right, attractive child heightened by the presence of the little three- of unusual intelligence. llJ'MrSTEAD WASHBURNE. CllKAGO. ILL. TH K true measure of one's success is w hat one has accomplished, and he best fulfills his mission in life who best uses his abilities and op- portunities. When measured by these standards, Hempstead Washburne, though he has scarce reached the meridian of life, must be classed with those successful men who have made the most and best of themselves. He is a native of Illi- nois, and was born at Galena, on November 11, r852. His father, the Hon. Elihu 15. Washburne, was a man of extraordinary ability, whose name is enrolled with those of Illinois' ablest .statesmen and most honored citizens. He was a lineal de- scendant of John Washburne, who was secretary of the Colony of Plymouth. He was for eighteen years a member of Congress from Illinois; Secre- tary of State during the administration of Presi- dent Grant, and for eight years Minister to I'rance. In this last-named capacity he rendered most praiseworthy services during the Franco-Prussian War of 1871-1872. The mother of our subject was, before her mar- riage. Miss Adele Gratiot, whose immediate an- cestors were among the early settlers of St. Louis, Missouri. Her father, Col. Henry Gratiot, moved to Galena, Illinois, when it was first opened up as a mining settlement. Her mother — our subject's maternal grandmother — was, before her marriage, a .Miss Hempstead, whose father was a revolu- tionarj- soldier and a companion of Capt. Nathan Hale, on his ill-fated excursion to the British lines, when he (^Hale) was captured by the Uritish and hanged as a spy. Hempstead attended the public sclujols during his boyhood, and prepared for college at Kent's Hill. Maine, where he was graduated in 1871. In the summer of that year he visited Europe and pursued a two years' course of stud)- in the Uni- versity of Bonn, Germany. Upon his return to this country in 1873, he became a student in the law department of University of Wisconsin at Madi- son, and was graduated therefrom in one year, after which he pursued a supplementary law course in the Union College of Law at Chicago, and was graduated in 1875. He began the practice of his profession at once, opening an office with Mr. Henry S. Robins, under the firm name of W'ash- burne & Robins. This firm afterwards became associated with the Hon. Lyman Trumbull, the firm name changing to Trumbull, Washburne & Robins, and so continued until 1885. During that time Mr. Washburne caine to be recognized as a joung lawyer of fine abilities, for which, with his manly, personal qualities, he was greatly esteemed. He was appointed a Master in Chan- cery for the Superior Court in 1880, and held that ofTfice until he was elected City Attorney in 1885, whereupon he resigned and also withdrew from his law firm. He was re-elected City Attorne)- in 1887, and at the end of his second term de- clined to stand for a third nomination in order that he might resume his pri\ate practice, which he did in connection with Mr. Theodore Bren- tano — now a Judge of the Superior Court — under the firm name of Washburne & Brentano. In 1888 he was candidate for Congressional nomination, but was defeated at the primarj- election by an almost tie vote, Hon. George E. Adams being his successful competitor. In March, 1891, Mr. Washburne was nominated by acclamation for the ofifice of Mayor of Chicago, and in April following, after a most e.vciting campaign, was elected. His term of office will e.xpire in the spring of 1893. Asa lawyer Mr. Washburne maintained a high standing among his a.ssociates at the bar, and was esteemed by them, not onl\- as an able law- yer, but also as a high-minded gentleman. His success as City Attorney is sufficiently attested by the fact that he voluntarily declined a third nomination for that office. In his present high and responsible office he has shown e.\ecuti\e ability bejond the e.\pectation of his warmest 386 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY A.XI) PORTRAIT GALLERY. supporters. He has called about himself, as heads of the various departments of the city gov- ernment, men of well-known high standing, and instituted and put into operation many needed reforms ; and under his administration the affairs of the city have been conducted in a business- like manner, that challenges the admiration of all fair-minded men. In all his varied relations, Mr. Washburne has maintained a manly independence. He is a man of strong convictions, firm in his de- terminations, and seldom retreats from a position once taken. He thinks for himself and acts in accordance w'ith what he believes to be right and best. Under all circumstances he has the cour- age of his convictions, and is frank and outspoken in his beliefs. He has a vigorous, active mind, and his public utterances are terse, forceful and practical. He has much oratorical ability, and in his address at the unveiling of the Grant monu- ment in 1891, surprised even his friends in this particular. He is a staunch Republican, and has been ever since he was old enough to vote. In religious matters he is thoroughly independent ; he is a member of no church or religious denomi- nation. In June, 1883, Mr. Washburne married Miss Annie M. Clarke, daughter of Mr. J. V. Clarke, president of the Hibernian Bank, Chicago. Mr. Washburne has a rugged physique, is of medium height and somewhat stout. For exer- cise he is much given to horseback riding in the early morning. He has black hair and mous- tache, a rather swarthy complexion, and bright, dark brown eyes. He has a courtly, pleasing manner, is a genial companion, loves good fellow- ship and is loyal to his friends. He belongs to several of Chicago's prominent clubs and social organizations ; but withal is a man of domestic and literary tastes, and in his own home finds his highest enjoyment. LYMAN EVERINGHAM, CHICAGO, ILL. LYMAN EVERINGHAM, president of the Columbia National Bank of Chicago, was born at Geneva, New York, September g, 1831, and is the son of Rev. J. S. Everingham, a Baptist clerg>'- man, widely known in Central and Western New York as one of the most progressive and strong- minded preachers of the day. His early life was passed at various points in the Empire State, where his father was settled as pastor. He is the oldest of eight children, four brothers and four sisters, all of whom are still li\- ing. At the age of twenty he left school to take a clerkship in the general office of the Buffalo, Corn- ing and New York Railroad. Feeling conscious of possessing ability, and eager to begin life for himself, he performed his duties with the same enthusiasm which has characterized his entire life. His unflinching perseverance and industry, to- gether with iron-clad principle and sterling worth, were very soon recognized, and within two years he was promoted to the position of auditor of accounts and pay-master, which position he filled with great credit to himself for three years. Be- ing anxious to come West and grow up with it. he resigned his position in March, 1856, and ac- cepted the position of freight agent of the La Crosse and Milwaukee Railroad, with his office at Milwaukee, where he remained for nine j-ears, the line of road mentioned being embraced in the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul system during the time. He was known as the " model agent," being courteous and gentlemanly under all cir- cumstances to the patrons of the road ; he was e.xceedingl}' popular with the public, and when he resigned, in 1865, he was urged by the direct- ors to remain and to name his own salary. In 1865, he entered into partnership with V.. P. Bacon, who resigned as general ticket agent of the same road, and at the same time tt> engage in a general commission business at Milwaukee, under the style of Bacon & Everingham, L;rcat success characterizing their business from the first. In 1874, Mr. Bacon retired from the firm, and Mr. Everingham has since continued the business under the name of L. Everingham and Company, moving to Chicago in 1880 to take charge of their rapiilly increasing business in that city. BrOGRAl'UlCAL D/CT/OX.IRV AXD rORTRAIT GAI.I.ERY. 3S9 III February, 1S91. Mr. Everingham was unani- mously elected president of tlie Columbia Nation- al Bank of Chicago. His business record has been one that any man would be proud of pos- sessing. Beginning at the very bottom round of the ladder, he has advanced steadily, step by step, until he is now occupying a position of prominence and trust reached by very few men. Through his entire business career he has been looked upon as a model of integrity and honor, never having met with setbacks or making any engagement that he has not performed, and he stands to-day as a prominent example of what determination and force, combined with the highest degree of honor and integrity, can ac- complish for a man of natural ability and force of character. He is a man of cheerful countenance and be- nignant appearance, having a friendly word, a kindly smile, and a sympathetic heart for all. He is highly respected by the community at large, honored by his business associates, and admired for his innate honor and true Christian spirit. JACOB ROSENBERG, CHIC.AC.O, ILL. JACOB ROSENBERG was bom at Altcnmuhr, Bavaria, March 25. 1819, the son of Bern- hardt and Gidel Rosenberg. He received a com- mon school education in his native town, and while good in general studies, was especially so in mathematics. He left school at the age of thir- teen, when he was apprenticed to the shoemaker's trade, which he followed in his native place five years, and in 1837 immigrated to the United States, landing in New York, August 1 8. The first six months he applied himself to his trade, but not finding it lucrative, he determined to try the fortunes of a peddler. Providing himself with a stock of merchandise he set out for the far North- west, going first to Pittsburgh, thence by steam- boat down the Ohio and up the Mississippi to the various trading posts in the Northwest country. At that time only a military post occupied the site of the present St. Paul, and Minneapolis had not been thought of. The population of that sec- tion was composed mostly of Indians, trappers, traders and soldiers. Our enterprising trader made four or five trips between New York and the Northwest between 1837 and 1842, meeting with numerous adventures incident to frontier life. Having accumulated some capital and desiring a more settled life and occupation, in 1843 he went to t'hicago, then a small frontier town, which was attracting some attention, and embarked in the dry goods business on Lake street, in company with Mr. Levi Rosenfeld under the style of Ro- senfeld and Rosenberg. He remainetl in this business uninterruptedly and with success until 1869, when he sold out. Mr. Rosenberg has since given his entire per- sonal attention to his large and increasing prop- erty interests, which have been so carefully and judiciouslj' managed as to place him now among the wealthiest citizens of Chicago. Since 1873 he has been a director, and a part of that time, vice- President of the Intor-State Exposition Com- pany. In 1876 he was elected alderman from the old second ward and made an exceptionally fine record. Mr. Rosenberg's politics have always been Republican. He has been connected with the Masonic fraternity since 1844, and was a mem- ber of Lafayette Lodge of Chicago, now disbanded, and a charter member of Chicago Lodge, 437, in- stituted in 1864, from which lodge he received a life-membership diploma, January i, 1890, to which only members of twenty-five \ears' un- broken membership are entitled. Since 1847 Mr. Rosenberg has been an active member of the Jewish congregation Kehilath Anshe Mayriv, whose beautiful tem|)le stands at the corner of Indiana avenue and Thirty-third street. He is a trustee and also the Vice-Presi- dent of the congregation. He may be consid- ered as belonging to the more conservative ele- ment of his people in matters relating to the church. Mr. Rosenberg has also been active in benevo- lent affairs, being a director of the Michael Rccs 390 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. Hospital at Twenty-ninth street and Cottage Grove avenue, founded by the generosity of the late Michael Rees ; also a director of the United Hebrew Relief Association of Chicago. As an in- stance of his liberality it is said that Mr. Rosen- berg purchased, a few years ago, at Dunning Station, in the town of Jefferson, twenty acres of land which he donated as a cemetery for the members of his congregation. Mr. Rosenberg gave much personal attention to the laying out and improving of the grounds, the total outlay for which was about fifty thousand dollars. On the lOth of October, 1847, Mr. Rosenberg was united in marriage with Miss Hannah Rees, of Chicago, a sister of the late Michael Rees. of whom mention has been made. The fruit of this marriage was three sons and two daughters. This faithful companion in marriage, and the sharer of his joys and sorrows for so many years, was suddenly called from him by death, in Janu- ary, i8go. She possessed especially vigorous traits of character and her life was filled with good works. Mr. Rosenberg has made various trips to Eu- rope for recreation and pleasure. He has a lux- urious home in a select portion of the South Division of Chicago, where he enjoys the filial ministrations of a daughter. His reputation is that of a sociable, generous, kindly-dispositioned man. His habits of life are simple and temper- ate to a high degree, and his character, viewed in any aspect, is admired by all who know him. He is tall and erect and of commanding figure even at his advanced age, and although the fingers of Time have chiseled a few lines upon his face, still they have not effaced the signs of character which mark it to the eye of the observer. In the evening of a well-rounded, successful career, Mr. Rosenberg's history is well worthy the study of all w^ho would profit by a noble exam- ple of success in life by perseverance, fidelity and strict adherence to right. JAMES B. McFATRICH, M.D., M.S. CHICAGO, ILL DR. JAMES B. McFATRICH, who has achieved eminence as an occulist, aurist and surgeon, was born in Lena, Stephenson county, Illinois, on the fourth day of April, 1862. He attended the common and high .schools of his native town, and afterwards entered the Upper Iowa University, from which he received the de- gree of Master of Science. He commenced the study of medicine in 1879, attending lectures in both the Hahnemann and Bennett Medical Col- leges, graduating from the latter in 1884, and from the former in 1SS5. He also spent two years in the Cook County Hospital, regularly at- tending lectures all the time, and thus enjoyed superior advantages for perfecting his medical education and developing a well-defined natural talent for the practice of the science of medicine. Dr. McFatrich commenced the practice of his profession in Chicago, and soon entered into a co- partnership with the late Dr. Henry Olin, one of the most distinguished occulists and aurists that this country has produced. Two years later the failing health of Dr. Olin compelled him to seek rest and a change of climate, and the large practice was entirely assumed by Dr. McFatrich. Since the death of Dr. Olin he has continued in the enjoyment of the confidence of those who prized the scientific attainments and skill of that noted physician, and has largely increased the immense business which Dr. Olin had created in his years of successful practice. Dr. McFatrich is a tireless student of the prin- ciples, progress and practice of his profession, and in the course of his investigations has visited all the principal hospitals of this country, and there closely observed all that was of interest and bene- fit to the oculist, aurist and surgeon. Few physi- cians have their time so thoroughly occupied by their practice and in matters pertaining to their profession. Besides caring for his large list of patients, he is president of the Eclectic Staff of Physicians in Cook County Hospital, in which institution he succeeded in securing official recog- nition of eclectic practice ; surgeon-in-chief for Illinois of the Employers' Liability Assurance Corixnation, of London, England: surgeon-in-chief RIOCRArillCAI. DICTIO.XARV .I.V/) PORTRAir r.AI.I.ERY. 393 of tlie Fidelity and Casualty Assurance Compaii)-, of New York ; Professor of Ophthalmology, Otol- ogy and Clinical Surgery in Bennett Medical College; member of the board of trustees of the same institution, and is also one of the attending staff of surgeons in the Cook County Hospital. In addition to all, he is a prominent, active Freemason, devoting much time to the work of the order, in which his fidelity, ability and powers of oratory are widely recognized. He was made a Mason in Ashlar Lodge, in February, i8S6, anil served as its Master for two terms. In March, 1 886, he was raised to the august degree of the Holy Royal Arch, in Lafayette Chapter, R. A. M., No. I, and has occupied the. position of High Priest of that body. He received his degrees in Palestine Council. No. 66, and was knighted in Montjoie Commandery, No. 53, in October, 1884, and is now serving as its Eminent Commander. He received the degree of Grand-Elect, Perfect and Sublime Mason in Van Rensselaer Grand Lodge of Perfection, fourteenth degree, P'ebruary 3, 1887, and was elected its Thrice-Potent Grand Master, and is now filling that office for the fourth term. He received the grades, as conferred in Chicago Council, Princes of Jerusalem, si.xteenth degree, in March, 1887, and the grades, as con- ferred in Gourgas Chapter, Rose Croix, eighteenth degree, March, 1887, in which he is serving as R. and P. K. Master of Ceremonies. He received the grades, as conferred in Oriental Consistory, S. P. R. S., thirty-second degree, April, 1887, and is now serving as its Master of Ceremonies. Dr. McFatrich is also a Noble of the Mystic Shrine and a member of Medinah Temple (3asis, of Chicago. A monument to Dr. McFatrich's energy of character, love of Masonic progress and public spirit is the new and elegant Masonic Temple, in Chicago. He was one of the originators and is a director of this great enterprise, and his time and ability have been freely given to the completion of the most magnificent home of Masonry in the world, and one of the most substantial and orna- mental pieces of architecture of which any city can boast. Noticeable as the subject of our sketch is for his prominence in his profession and nobility and strength of character, he is not less remarkable for his versatility and unflagging in- dustry. Dr. McFatrich's tribute to the memory of Ills friend and brother, Norman T. (iassette, was tender, touching and eloquent, and will long be remembered by those who heard it. His ad- dress, as Thrice-Potent Grand Master of Van Rensselaer Grand Lodge of Perfection, F'ebruary 5, 1891, was one of the most notable of its kind in the history of Masonry. He received letters of congratulation from all parts of the world where Masonry exists. Below will be found the address in full : Have the achievements of the past two years, whose record closes to-night, been satisfactory ? The answer to this ques- tion will depend upon what we. as individuals, think of the scope and meaning of Masonry. If the work of the lodge- room is a brother s conception of the full significance of the mission of this time-honored and time-tested craft; if the us- ual evidences of lodge prosperity are all that he wants, I sup- pose that the present conditions and achievements of this lodge would be worthy of commendation and a source of sat- isfaction. No other result than general international prosper- ity would be expected of an organiz;ition whose membership ranks as high as the membership of Van Rensselaer Grand Lodge of Perfection. But there is, I am sure, a unanimity of opinion among intelligent Masons that Masonry means far more and far better than anything and all things that are con- tined to the secrecy of its inner work, sublime as these things are m truth and eloquence of sentiment. We have been guided through the mysteries of this great fraternity, have drank at its exhaustless, sparkling fountains of truth, have been charmed by its splendors and knelt at its altars with open hearts and open souls to accept its obligations for the holy purpose of better fitting us as ministers of mercy and reflectors of light in the world, or we have been careless in the improvement of the best opportunities men will ever enjoy to make themselves felt in the uplifting of the human race. A miser guarding his treasure, even from himself, while thousands starve and shiver, is a pitiable spectacle and a libel upon his race. But the most wretched miser, whose pinched face and starved, shrunken soul, whom greed and selfishness ever made an idolator, kneeling before his gold and clutching it to his heart, would be angelic in nature and generous in inclinations as compared to him whom the gods had led amidst the beauty of truth and glory and power of divme light, who should hoard the virtues that he had absorbed and the light which filled his heart and life. Masonry offers a grand opportunity and imposes a solemn responsibility. About its altars and at every step through its impressive teachings its influences are uplifting, and it seeks the devel- opment of man's nobler nature and the subordination of his selfishness to the generous impulses of his heart. It means that he shall be a light in the darkness, and inspiration to grander human achievements; a guide to the wandering and an exponent of the highest truth, the brighest hope of a faith that shall bid the soul be calm when the storms rage and man is helpless in the hands of God. .Masonry points no man to himself except to reveal to him his need of light and virtue. It points him away from himself; it charms him out of himself, and lays the world at his feet for his pity and BIOGRArillCAL DICTIOXARV AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. 394 ministnition, cultiv:iting in his heart the sentiment of brother- hood; it opens his ear to catch the cry of distress that comes so steadily from human hearts, and trains him to utter the word of sympathy that often cools the hottest tear that glistens and boils on the cheek. Teaching him his own dependence, it strives to make him a help to the helpless and a comfort to the sorrowing, and painting virtue and truth and God in all their splendor and power and inspiration above its portals and on its altars, it leaves him to carry them into the hearts and homes of mankind. Genius has never given to the poet's pen or the artist's brush or to eloquence the power to portray the grandeur of Masonry and of the mission of Masonry, and the Mason who does not realize that fact, or the fact that do the best we may, we shall come far short of the ideal of Masonry, ought not to be satisfied either with himself or the record his lodge had made. The world is groping in darkness. The thunders peal even from the clear sky, and the lightnings in the midst of the sweetest calms, and the brightness in which hearts have delighted and bathed, fade into a starless gloom from which is ever coming the pathetic appeal for light. Sublime as are the probabilities of life, imperious as are the thoughts of manhood, and bright and majestic as are the exultations of nature, yet man becomes lost and helpless among the fogs, and despairing in the midst of deserts into which he has wandered. His Babylons, with their magnificent swinging gardens; his Romes, with their wealth of art and splendors; his elegant temples and varied charming creations, have at all times appeared to him like the child's toys which charm for a moment and then fail to please, and he has looked out from amidst the surrounding splendors, hither and thither, like a soul in the night longing for the dawning of day, for something brighter, something better, something really more substantial than wealth, or art, or genius could bestow. The soul of man cannot be filled and satisfied with the things that are perishable. The landscape, with its hills, and streams, and flowers, and lields of green, may charm the eye and fascinate the soul for a moment, and the meteor that flashes for an instant and goes out into darkness may fill us with admiration; but restless fancy goes beyond magnificence of the landscape and the fiery flash of the meteor, and a restless spirit of inquiry asks. What is beyond ? It is light and truth, for which man is yearning, for which he is striving. And what minister of light and truth is so well equipped to lead man from the shadows of the night into the Hush of the mornmg and into the realms of sacred truth as he who has knelt at the shrines of Masonry and beheld the panorama of truth as it has moved before his eyes and left its splendors crayoned upon his soul ? We cannot, is is true, open Heaven to thi- upturned eyes, straining to catch a glimpse of the source of truth, or lead man to a veritable stream of life, in its crystal beauty and with delightful melody, flowing from the throne of God, and laughing through the Howers and meadows and hills of earth. l?ut we can rellect Heaven in our lives and sympathies, and by living our belief in the universal brothorhood of man, can cover the clouds with light, inferentially demonstrate the fatherhood of God, and thus tune the ear to catch the laugh- ter, and the eye to fancy thai it could see the rippling of the stream of life. Universal Masonry would make universal peace, universal contentment of soul, a universal belief in God and a universal anticipation of life eternal. Masonry is the embodiment of all truth. It is ablaze with love to man and a love to God. It encircles the earth with a golden chain of brotherhood, and the incense that rises from its altars bears the aspirations of the heart of God. But Ma- sonry, independent of human life and effort that it absorbs and directs, is dead and meaningless to the world. Our sol- emn, beautiful rites are nothing, and our professions are worse than nothing, if wx- (ail to carry Masonry out into the world and gild the bleak places and revive the drooping flowers with its beauty and gentleness and warmth. There arc to-night tears boiling in the hearts that Masonry should cool; there arc embers dymg on the hearthstone that Masonry should rekmdle ; there are pillows beneath aching heads that Masonry should smooth ; there are beds of the dying, and there are yawning graves, black as midnight and damp as the breath of death to bereaved hearts, that Ma- sonry should fill with the light of sympathy and arch with the precious, whispering truth of immortality. The hungry plead eloquently for bread; the friendless are asking for friendship; the orphan holds up its feeble hands for protection ; the de- spairing are gasping in the very agonies of death and looking into the impenetrable darkness for a single ray of hope, and the whole world is struggling, and surging, and throbbing in error and pain, while Masonry may be the ministering angel and the solution of the most perplexing and discourag- ing problem. Is it fulfilling its mission? Has this lodge done its duty outside of the lodgeroom during the two years that ended to-night? As a lodge it has, of course, attended to whatever has come in the regular line of duty. But every member must answer the question after an investigation of his own personal discharge of duty. The Mason has no right to wait for opportunity to force itself upon him ; he has no right to fold his arms and slumber until informed through official channels that his kindly ministrations are needed. Human life is crowded with opportunities for the Mason to show the world that the brightest banner which casts a shadow among the living is the banner of Masonry, and that the Masonic fraternity is broad with sympathy and aglow with fraternal love. While the vigor of manhood is ours, fidelity to the principles of Masonry will burst the buds and bloom all along our pathway; and when at last we lie down to sleep with the millions who have lived ;ind labored and died in the life and light of .Masonic truth, our living and our dying will give emphasis to the words of our ancient breth- ren : " May we so live, that when we come to die we may lay down in our graves as one who composes himself to sleep, that we may be worthy of a remembrance in the memoria of man." To the enjoyment of the splendors of such a picture as this, to a realization of the significance of this social, frater- nal, moral fabric, nature, with the influences of the centu- ries, and to the responsibilities and ultimate reward of such a magnificent work among men, 1 bid you, who, during the past two years, have been admitted to these sacred, iqilifting mysteries and to this temple of truth, a cordial welcome. Like a rainbow, with its blended beauties, arching the world with promise, Masonry will always be attractive to your vision and intellect, and will span and fill your souls with a bow of delightful promise for the future. As you delve into its truths and uncover its beauties, an eagerness to see more and know more will fill the heart and lead you to a kindly light, and mellowed by its influence, and with virtues devel- lilOGRAPlllCAI. J)/C770\.lh-y .IX.n I'ORTIiAlT GAU.ERV. 395 upcd and strcriijthencd by its power, you will at last reap the Mason's reward of immortality, the better and brighter and happier for having been a part of this beautiful auxiliary to the pnicticc of religion. As I welcome you to-night ; as I realize to what grandeur I bid you come ; as I contemplate the holy mission of Masonry m the world ; as I feel the warmth of the mutual love that Hows from these hearts and makes this lodgeroom such a delightful retreat, I join with you, and with Masonry all over the earth, in a chant or praise to God for His mercies, and feel that the soul is bathing in a Hood of light and joy — and yet across the brightness of the hour there streams a shadow- that chills and saddens. We are not all here to-night ; there are vacant chairs that, like the withered Hower in the midst of bloom, breaks the blending of its harmonies and touches life with the skeleton linger of decay. V^oices, once com- manding and melodious, rich in tone of sympathy and elo- quent in expression of truth, have been hushed, and only their sweet, inspiring echo reaches our ear. In yonder cemetery are tombs that make it and eternity nearer and dearer to our hearts. But while we will tread softly by the graves of our departed comrades, and watch the snows that fall and flowers that bloom U(M)n them, with tears of bereave- ment, we will rejoice that .Masonrj- had such ornaments, and that what is our loss is their eternal gain, and emulating their example, we will press forward and endeavor to give, by the purity of our lives, additional luster to the order which they loved and ser\ed and honored. As it has not been deemed practicable to hold a lodge of sorrow, this seems a fitting place to again record the names of our dead. [The names of the dead were then read by F. M. Ram- say. J [Prayer by Dr. DeWilt.j We are all born to die. We begin to live, and with the hnit breath that tells of life we begin to die. The pendulum swings back and forth marking the steady flght of the mo- ments. An American orator of distinction has said that the tickmg of the clock is the blended music about the cradle and the dirge alxiut the grave. Birth, death, is the language of the time-piece on the mantel. Amidst the laughing glow of the morning's blushes and the soft shadows of the evening twilight, amidst the bloom and fragrance of springtime and the solemn slumber of the winter, over the altar and the bier, the pendulun) swings with the same solemn steadiness, the clock ticks olf the seconds, time moves swiftly into the past and we move swiftly towards an eternal sleep. And decay. so univers;il and so relentless, will yet fasten itself upon the clock whose ticking is so full of solemn, elot|uent suggestivc- ness. The clock will not always tick, the pendulum will not always swing. By and by, we shall listen for the tick- ing, but the clock will speak not. Like the heart of the deati, the pendului\i will sleep — sleep in wakeless slumber; like the tomb, the old clock will be speechless and the abode of unending silence ; like the stringless harp upon the wall, its music will be hushed — hushed forever. But the flight of time will go on just the same. It w-ill come with its gray hairs and scatter them through the raven locks of youth, with its yawning graves and its caskets, its funeral trains and its tear-floods, its disappointments and its heartaches. Dr. McFatrich is a member of the Indiana and Acacia Clubs, and Chicago Athletic A.ssociation. Ho was married, October, 1885, ^o Miss Vesta R. Putman, of Chicago. They have two bright little girls — Vesta and Florence. A splendid physical development supports the activity of an active brain and an unusual force of character; until that breaks — which is not likely for many years — Ur. McFatrich will con- tinue to occupy a conspicuous position in his profession, as a student of science, as a man who, in his fraternal alliances, has the best interests of humanity at heart. In every position in his eventful life, which he has been called to fill. Dr. McFatrich has been successful in the highest sense ; in his profession, upright, reliable and honorable. In all places and under all circumstances he is loyal to truth, honor and right, ju.stly valuing his own self-respect and the deserved esteem of his fellow-men as infi- nitely more valuable than wealth, fame or position. In those finer traits of character which combine to form what we term friendship, which endear and attach man to man in bonds which nothing but the stain of dishonor can sever, which trimnph over disaster and misfortinie and shine brightest in the hour of adversity, he is royally endowed. (.ORDON W. ALLKN. ALIU KN, N. V. Tl 11-^ subject of this sketch is one of the Railway ComiKiny and a director of the Cayuga commissioners-at-large of the World's Co- County National Bank of Auburn. He has had lumbian F.\position. He is a man of great execu- extensive business relations with many of the live ability and is the principal man in the great leading railroads of the country for many years, reaper establishment of D. M. Osborne & Com- and is on intiinate terms with railroad officials pany. He is also pre.sident of the Auburn Street from the Atlantic to the Pacific. He is pre- 396 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. eminently a man of affairs and represents a wide range of interests. He was formerly a resident of Chicago, and during recent years has held large real estate interests tlurc. Among his confi- dential advisers is tlic Honorable Chauncey M. Depew. Although he is in no sense a ])olitician, Mr. Allen is an uncompromising Republican, and glories in the success of his party. His business career has been eminently suc- cessful and he numbers among his friends and accjuaintances many of the i)rominent men of our country. He was appointed one of the com- mi.ssioners-at-large of the World's Columbian E.xposition, to be held at Chicago in 1893. His splendid abilities, successful achievements, cul- tivated tastes and wide range of experience, all serve as a most admirable equipment for the duties of his important ofTice and make him the peer of his distinguished associates, to whom is intrusted the work of carrying to a successful issue this enormous, world-wide enterprise. T. W. HARVEY, CHICAGO, ILL. TURT.INGTON WALKER HARVEY was born at Siloam, New York Stare, March 10, 1835, to Johnson and Paulina (Walker) Harvey. His father was a farmer in early life, but later worked at carpentering, at Durhamville, New York. About 1851 he established a sash, door and blind factory at Oneida, New York, and in 1866 removed to Sandwich, Illinois, where he died in 1880. His widow died in iSgo. Our subject's educational advantages were limited. From his eleventh to his fourteenth \-ear he was employed in a store at Durhamville. After that he learned the carpenter's trade, working with his father, and " between times " attended the public schools. After his father removed to Oneida, he attended the Oneida Academy a short time, but spent most of his time in the factory, and at the age of nineteen had mastered the .sash, door and blind business. That was in 1854. Removing to Chicago, which was then coming into prominence, he first secured a position as foreman of a small .sash, blind and tlcior factor}-. He next filled a similar position in the same line of business with Messrs. Abbott & Kingman and retained it five years, and during that time familiarized himself with the lumber interests and trade throughout the Northwest. In 1859 he joined Mr. Tcter H. Lamb, and established a planing-mill and lumber-yard; two years later they were obliged to enlarge their plant to meet the demands of their constantly growing trade. In 1865 Mr. Harvey bought Mr. Lamb's interest in the business, which continued to grow beyond the capacity of the increased facilities of 1869. It was then that he moved his business to Twenty-second and Morgan streets, then the southern limits of the city, where he bought land and put up the first fire-proof builil- ing erected in Chicago for a planing-mill. He also bought and built extensive docks. This was the beginning of that which afterwards came to be the largest lumber business in the United States, Mr. Harvey owning and operating lumber-mills at Menominee and Muskegon, Michigan, until 1883, when the T. W. Harvey Lumber Company succeeded to the business, which continues up to this time. .\t one time his Chicago yards handled one luiiulred and twenty-five million feet of lumber .mnually. In 1878 Mr. Harvey furnished the money to build the first logging-railroad in the United States. It connected Lake George with the Muskegon River, and was for transferring his logs from the lumber-camps to the Mu.skegon River, where they could float to the mills at the mouth of the river. In 1883 Mr. Harvey, asso- ciating with himself a number of his worth\- employes, organized the T. W. Harvey Lumber Companv, and has been at its head as president ever since, l^ul Mr. Harvey has not confined his attention to the lumber interests. In 189O he laid out the town of Harvey, a suburb of Chicago, where are located the works of the Harvey Steel Car Company, and twelve other manufactories. The town is now owned by the Harvey Steel Car Company and the Harvey Land Association, of BiooRAPHiCAi. nicrro.x.tRv A.\n roRTRAir cai.li'.ry. 399 which he owns the most of the stock, and is tlic president of both companies. He is also a director of tlie Metroi)olitan Na- tional Hank", and of the American Trust and Sav- ings Bank, of Chicago. In 1882 he bought two thousand acres of land in Eastern Nebraska, which is known as " Turlington " and is one of the finest stock farms in the Northwest. " Hlack I'rince, of Turlington," a steer who car- ried off nearly three thousand dollars in prizes in one year, was bred and raised on this farm. Mr. Harvey has always shown commendable public-spiritediiessand has been a leader in benevo- lent and charitable work. His services during and after the great fire of 1871 can never be over- estimated : he was then on the executive com- mittee of the Chicago Relief and Aid Society, and was selected to serve on the Shelter commit- tee. The chairman of that committee was unable to act, and his duties fell to Mr. Harvey. These so completely occupied his time that he gave to his own business but one hour during the six months following the fire. The winter of 1871-72 was a severe one, and but for the timely help of this society, many must have perished from hunger and exposure. One hundred thousand people were homeless. For a portion, temporary barracks were provided, but the majority were comfortably housed. Many owned their lots or had leases of them : for such, houses ready for occupancy were furnished. These houses cost one hundred and twenty-five dollars each ; and in one month, from October i8th to November 17th, fifty-two hundred and twenty-six houses were erected, which number was afterwards increased to more than ei<,rht thousand. Foreseeing that the price of the lumber must advance, on account of the millions of feet destroyed in Chicago, and by the extensive forest fires in Michigan and Wis- consin, which raged in the fall of 1S71, Mr. Harvey bought all he could get at fourteen dol- lars per thousand feet. The price went up to twenty dollars per thousand : so that on the thirty-five million feet of lumber used by the shelter committee, there was a saving of mure than two hundred thousand dollars to the Relief I'und. During the same winter a coal famine prevailed in many parts of Chicago, and under the personal supervision of Mr. Harvey, teams and wagons were purchased, and although many streets in destitute parts of the city were filled with eighteen inches of snow, seven hundred tons of coal were delivered to the freezing people in the outskirts in one day. These are given as illustrations of the more public of Mr. Harvey's acts of benevo- lence. Others might be given, for it is such work as that of the Chicago Relief and Aid Society that he delights in, whose charities have bright- ened many a cheerless home, lifted the load from many a burdened heart, and brought gladness to many a soul ready to despair. For many years Mr. Harvey has been an aggres- sive spirit in religious work, and wherever known is esteemed for his manly, Christian character. He was president of the Young Men's Christian Asso- ciation, of Chicago, from 1871 to 1873, and again from 187610 1879. lie is also vice-president of the Chicago Evangelistic Society, whose object is the promotion of evangelistic work and Bible studj-. The head of this society is Mr. Dwight L. Moody, in whose absence Mr. Harvey is called to act as executive. In 1876 he was chairman of the executive committee, which had in charge the erection of the " Moody Tabernacle " on Monroe street. He is an earnest Sunday-school worker, and for more than a quarter of a century has been super- intendent of a Sunday-school in Chicago. Withal, Mr. Harvey is a man of simple habits, domestic tastes, and fond of home, and is never happier than in the midst of the joys of his own fireside. His is a refined, attractive Christian home, whose heart-cheering influence is felt by all who come within its range, and who.se inmates delight in dispensing generous hospitality. In IS 59 Mr. Harvey married Miss Marie Hard- man, of Louisville, Kentucky, whose decease oc- curred in 1870. Their four sons, Charles A., John R., George L., and Robert H. still survive. Mr. Harvey married Miss P.elle S. Badger, of Chicago, May 28th, 1873, and by her has three sons and three daughters. Mrs. Harvey is an accomplished woman of literary tastes and culture, and devoted to her family, and in hearty .sympathy with her husband in his good work.s. She presides with tlignity and grace over their luxurious home, and next to her domestic duties prizes the privilege she enjoys of engaging in charitable and philan- thropic work. 400 BIOGKAI'HICAL DICTIONARY A.\/> PORTRAIT GALLERY. When measured by what lie is, and by what he truest and best sense of the words, a successful lias done, Mr. Harvej- may be pronounced, in the man. EDWIN OSCAR GALE, CHICAGO, ILL. EDWIN OSCAR GALE, the eldest son of Abram and Sarah (Silloway)Gale, who were natives of Massachusetts, was born in New Y_ork City on the 7th of May, 1832. His family left New York for Chicago April 20, 1835, going by boat up the Hudson to Albany, canal to Buffalo, and boat to Chicago, which was reached Friday morning. May 25. Chicago having no harbor at that time, pas- sengers and freight were landed by lighters. Mrs. Gale, who had brought a stock of millinery with her, opened on Lake street the first establish- ment of the kind in the town. Chicago was then a trading-post with less than one thousand w hite people and ten thousand Indians. The following year the Indians received their last payment and were transferred to Kansas. The fort (Dearborn) was a military post, and while occupied as such, the subject of this sketch attended school in the barracks. He has a vivid recollection of the Indians and soldiers, while the old fort is indelibly impressed upon his memory. His father the fol- lowing year purchased from the government the half-section of land now known as Galewood, which is still mostly held by the family. There Edwin spent his holidays. Chicago, in early days, offered few educational advantages; but young Gale made good use of his ojiportunities, and having a decidedly literary tendency he has been steadily adding to his information, develop- ing his taste for the classics ami high order of literature. Nor is he a reader merely, but is an easy writer, and when interested in his subject an earnest and fluent speaker, while his poetic temperament has expressed itself in about four hundred pages of poems, many of which have been published in the Chicago Journal and sev- eral magazines. He has delivered a number of orations, lectures and poems on special occasions, but shrinks from notoriety. When a young man he was four years prominently connected with the Chicago Lyceum, where he received from his fellow-member. Colonel Mulligan, the title of " The Lisle Smith of the Lyceum." Although having a strong predilection for writing and speak- ing, Mr. Gale became a druggist in order that he might engage in that business with his brother William. He served one year with Mr. Henry Bowman, then was in the employ of Messrs. J. H. Reed & Co. at 144 Lake street, four years, till 1856. His services were so satisfactory to the house, then the leading one in the West, that he was offered a partnership, but, while his relations w'ith his employers were most friendly and the offer most tempting, he declined it, preferring to be the senior partner in a small firm rather than the junior in a large one. He felt that if he went into business on his own account he would be the architect of his own fortune, and the responsi- bilities would develop his character and abilities if he had any. That he had character and ability is evinced b\- his successful business career of thirty-five years. His father had built, in 1847, the first brick store erected on Randolph street, at number 202, which was occupied by a German druggist named George Bormann, with whom the younger Gale served his time. In January, 1856, he sold out to the young man, who refurnished the store antl continued in business under the name of Gale Brothers, until 1865. when William, who had served through the war, sold out to him. lie soon afterward admitted to the business, as a partner, Mr. William F. Blocki, who was then his clerk, and subsequently he took into the firm Mr. J. M. Baker, an employe, and his own son, Walter H. Gale, who gives his attention principally to the branch stores at Austin and Oak Park. In the latter place Mr. Gale has resided since 1.S61, and has an ideal home. The house was built and occupied by Mr. Gale several years before the great fire, and he declined a very tempting offer, immediately after that calamity, to rent it to a wealthy Chicago gentleman whose residence had been destroyed. BlOuK.irHlCAL PICTIOXAKV IXD rORTKAIT GALLERY. 403 His wife was anxious to have liini do so, stating that the difTcrcMice in rent between the homestead and a house she desired to live in would support the family. Such noble devotion was appreciated by the husband, who would not listen to the proposition, though he had lost his entire business and was burdened with a thirty- thousand dollar de'bt, assumed for real estate a few days before the fire. The plucky firm had a store rented at No. 57 West Raiulolph street before eight o'clock Monday morning, and were doing business Wednesday of that week. Here they remained until the burnt district was rebuilt. Julia E. Gale, tue Hart, who for thirty-four years has been the happy wife of her devoted husband, was born in New York State, Septem- ber 5, 1833. but from early childhood until her marriage lived near Relvidere, Illinois. There was never a more perfect union ; an unkind word has never passed between them ; the same gentle courtesies and kind attentions are shown each other as are expected from young lovers ; in fact, it is a love match that keeps on burning, and some of Mr. Gale's finest poems have been sug- gested by little home incidents or anniversaries. The rebrushing of his coat suggested the follow- ing: She was brushing my coat, that wife of mine, A task I thought I had perfectly done; She said, as she saw the particles fine Float in its beams: "Turn your face to the sun.'' I placed n>y hands on her soft, wavy hair, I, smiling, gazed in her eyes of blue And replied, as I kissed her forehead fair, "1 do, dear wife, I am looking at you." One Sunday morning as he was going to the store he stooped to kiss his wife as is his invari- able custom in parting or meeting, when she. remarked: " Love must be blind, or you would not think so much of your old, faded wife." That little remark suggested the following poem : IS LOVK BLIND .' Think you my love for thee the kind That |K>ets spoke of long .igo. When they decLired that "I-ove is blind," Hence I must be. in loving you? Is my lovi- blind, when 1 can see So much to love in thy dear face. And know ihese years, thy love for me, With mine for thee has kept ap.icc ? Is my love blind, when thy true life, A constant round of duty done, I see in thee the dearest wife That ever blessed a mortal's home ? Where precepts w ith examples wove. Our children learning lx)th from thee, Are comments on a mother's love, In making life what it should be? Then speak no more of beauty fled, Nor charms once thine now passed away ; Whatso I loved when we were wed, In thee, dear wife, defies decay. The bud that blossoms on the tree, Loading the air with perfume sweet, Must changed become, ere we can see, On bending bough the ripened fruit. But if perchance thy face is thin. Thy cheeks outgrown their early bloom. And in thy tresses now and then A silver thread runs through the loom, I prize no less these marks of time, Kor 1 am older growing too ; And well 1 know these locks of mine Prove I am older still than you. I've had of life its blessings true, And for them all most grateful feel; The source of most I trace to you. And in your love enjoy them still. If love be blind, we'll bless the boy Who blindly led us in his fold. And fills our hearts with so much joy. We quite forget we're growing old. A home permeated by such mutual love cannot but be a happy one. Mr. Gale's success as a business man has per- mitted him to gratify his promptings to kind acts and benevolent deeds, which are done in such a manner as to win the hearts of those who are the recipients of his favors. Of his firm it is said that no one ever failed to get prescriptions filled be- cause they could not pay for them. He believes that to be happy one .should be employed ; that it should be the aim of a business man to be the master of his business, not a slave to it, delega- ting to others such work as they have capacity to succe.ssfully carry on, never aiming to amass a for- tune and then retire from business to enjoy life — as the loss of health and comfort this course is usually attended with robs life of its charms and opportunities; while the penurious disposition it engenders takes from noble deeds of their true enjoyment and mars the pleasure that should go hand in hand with a wise and noble use of money — that happiness is not secured by amas.s- ing wealth, but in using it for the good of others. Mr. Gale, like his father before him, is a Uni- 404 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. vcrsalist, and is one of tlic most liberal supporters of Unity Church, at Oak i'ark. A Republican in politics, he votes that ticket unless he is satis- fied that an opposin'j candidate would be a better officer, when lie usually indorses him. Kxce])t- ing holding tlie position of school director for twelve years and school trustee three years, lie has uniformly declined office. In personal appearance Mr. Gale is five feet, fi\e and a half inches tall, and rather stout ; has light complexion, blue eyes, dark-brown, curly hair, well mixed with gray, and, as a commentary upon the hcalthfulness of Chicago, he says he was never sick a day in his life. He is of strictly tem- perate habits antl has a cheerful disposition. Of his six sons, the eldest, Walter H., is one of his partners. E. Vincent, a practical tanner, is in the enii)loy of W. \. Eisendrath & Co. Both of these arc married. Thomas H., who graduated at the University of Michigan in 1888, is in the real estate business, .\bram is learning business with his father, while the two younger, Greenleaf Whit- tier and Oliver M., aged respectively fifteen and thirteen, are still attending school at Oak Park. JAMES HOBART MOORE, CHICA(;0, ILL. IN the little town of Berkshire, Tioga county. New York, the subject of this biography was born, June 14, 1852, to Nathaniel V. antl Rachel A. Moore, being the second of a family of two children, lie received an academical education at the Cortland Academy, Homer, N. Y., and at the age of nineteen entered the banking office of N. F. Moore, his father, at Greene, N. Y. In 1 87 1 he entered the service of the Susque- hanna Bank, at Binghamton, N. Y., where he re- mained with much credit to himself for two \ears, when he determined to cast his lot in Chicago, removing to that city in 1873. There he occu- pied positions of trust with se\cral institutions until 1878, when he took up the stud}- of law in the office of Small i^ Moore, which firm was com- posed of Edward A. .Small, formerly of Galena, 111., and William II. Moore, the latter an elder brother. Having pursued his studies successfully, in due time he was admitted to the bar, and on the death of Mr. Small, in 1881, he entered into jiartnership with his brotlier, under the style of \V. 11. & J. II. Mnnre.to which firm Mr. William A. Purcell was subsequently added. While this firm has enjoyed an extensive and increasing gen- eral practice, it has been largely occupied in or- ganizing corporative enterprises, the princii>al among them being the Frazer Lubricator Co., the Price Baking Powder Co., the Diamond Match Co., the American Strawboard Co., and the New- York Biscuit Co., of which latter Mr. James M. Moore is second vice-president. He is also second vice-president of the Diamond Match Co., and a director or stockhokicr in each of the other com]ianies named. Mr. Moore's firm also numbers among its clients numerous other large and well-known Chicago corporations and business firms. Mr. Moore is a Democrat, though not acti\ely participating in political affairs. In his profession Mr. Moore is primarily a counsellor, having a keen legal mind and strong common sense, and as such he stands in high repute among his associates anil the business public. The ready success at- tending his efforts in placing large amounts of capital stock for the several corporations above named annnig the leading financial institutions of Chicago, attest their confidence alike in his judg- ment and integrity. He is a man of unusually clear perception, and a good reader of men. ^^'hile he is affable and ap])roachable to a degree, he at the same time always maintains a becoming reserve and dignity. Mr. Moore is a man of most generous disposi- tion, and more than one young man in Chicago now prospering and on the road to fame and for- tune owes his condition to Mr. Moore's personal active efforts in his behalf when most in need of a heli)ing frientl. " l<"iilelity to his friends" is a marked trait in Mr. Mcjore's character. While he has risen b\- his own merits to affluence, his earlier as well as later friends have retained their places in his affec- tions. He is in the fullest sense a self-made man. niouiiArmcAi. nicrioxARY axp j'ortka/t cai.i.ery. 40/ As will be seen by the portrait on the iireeeilint; Mr. Moore was married in Chicago, April 26, page, Mr. Moore is of a robust figure, and of 1883, to Lora Josephine Small, daughter of the about the average height. late Edward A. Small, a prominent lawyer to Mr. Moore is now in the very prime of life, and whom reference has already been made. The judging by his career thus far, one need be no happy union has been blessed with one child, an prophet to foretell for him much additional honor unusually interesting and handsome boy of seven and prosperity. years, on whom is lavished much parental affection. HENRV McKEV. CHICAGO, ILL. WISCONSIN, like most of the other States, has contributed its quota to Chicago's greatness. Not only has she contributed the product of factory and field, but she has also sent men who have achieved success in every industry and profession. Without counting the crowd of hardy and honest toilers who people Chicago's warehouses, man her ships and run her factories, there is from this neighboring State a galaxy of talented men who have aided greatly her pheno- menal growth and prosperity. Prominent among these was the subject of this sketch, Henry McKey. He was born in Ireland on December 8, 1846, but his parents immigrated to this country and settled at Janesville, Wisconsin, when he was less than a year old. Henrys was the eldest son of a family of six. His father, Edward McKey, was a successful merchant and banker, and could therefore afford his children a liberal education. Henry, having received his elementary education at the public s:hool, was sent t<> Racine College, where he won high honor and was graduated with degree of Master of Arts. Having a desire to enter the legal jjrofession, he became a law student at the University of Michigan, where his course was marked b_\- industry and success, and from which he gradu- ated and was admitted to practice in 1869. He at once beg.m the practice of his profession and con- tinued it uninterruptedl)- until his demise, which occurred in January, 1892. Mr. McKey settled in Chicago in iSji.aml rose to a prominent place at the Cook county bar. In manner, courteous and agreeable, in method, busi- ness-like, and in everything scrujjulously honor- able, he was one of the most popular men in his profession. In his practice he gave special study and attention to the law of real property and to chancery and probate practice, and was engaged in some of the most important litigation that has come before the courts within the past twenty years. He was painstaking and studious, irre- proachable in character and of the strictest integ- rity. In a word, he was a high-minded gentleman and an able law\'er. Mr. McKey's political sentiments were Demo- cratic, lie was liberal and tolerant and would not willingly enter into controversy, but when circumstances required him to give a reason for his political faith he proved himself an earnest and able exponent thereof. His sincerity and honesty were so apparent that he commanded the respect and esteem of even his opponents. The residents of Hyde Park unanimously elected him a member of the school board for six con- secutive years, and he was trustee of that town at the time of its annexation to Chicago. The bar, on the occasion of tlic recent election, selected him as a candiilate f(ir the Circuit Court bench and their choice was unanimously indorsed by the Democratic convention. Mr. McKey sought no office outside his profession, and although many were within his reach he in\ariably declined them. As a public speaker, Mr. McKey was polisheii. fluent and logical; his statement of facts simple, methodical and highlj' interesting; his argument brief, pl;un and convincing. When the nature of his case warranted, or an emergency required, his style was forceful, fervid and impassioned, and he was able to use the art and ornaments of rhetoric with great power and good effect. On October 25, 1876, Mr. McKey married Miss Adella S. J'arkhurst, a daughter of W. S. 4o8 BIUiiRAPIIICAI. DICTIOXARY A.XD PORTRAIT GALLERY. Parkhurst, Esq., a prominent lawyer of Rome, New York. They had a liappy and healthy family of six children, and it was in his sunny home, filled with comfort and good cheer, that he spent his happiest hours. For he was a man of domestic tastes, who loved his home, and it was there lie found a sweet retreat from the toils and anxieties and cares of business and professional life. He was an affectionate husband and an in- dulgent father. His life was an honor to the legal profession ; in his death the bar of the city of Chicago has sustained a great loss, and all who knew him cannot but feel poorer on account of his death. JOHN M. H. BURGETT, CHICAGO, ILL. THK subject of this memoir stands high at the Chicago bar, and is one of its ablest members. He has a mind strongly logical and great powers of analysis; is quick to see the turning-points of a case, and is one of the most formidable antagonists to be found in his profes- sion. To great and accurate knowledge of the law he adds untiring industry and methods of work and study thoroughly systematic. He has an unusually strong memory of decided cases, and in the trial of causes has always at hand well selected authorities to sustain his propositions. Be always prepared for strength in the adversary and lack of legal knowledge on the part of the court, has been a fixed principle of conduct with him. He prepares his briefs with great care and consummate skill. The Judges of the Appellate Court for the First District of Illinois have re- cently paid Mr. Hurgctt a high compliment in this: At the present term (Marcli, iSg_M, the Judges have stated that the abstracts and briefs received by the Court from him excel all others received from the Chicago bar in form, method of arrangement, lucidity and all that facilitates the correct understanding of a case; and the Judges expressed a wish that the bar might be formed into a school and instructed by him in his method of preparing abstracts and briefs. Mr. ]5urgett is a native of Vermont, and was born at Hartland, April 28, 1850. lie is the third son of Daniel A. and Adeline (Myron) Bur- gett, descendants of early settlers of New Eng- land. In 1S54 his parents removed from Ver- mont to l'"ulton county, Illinois, and for many years have resided at Lcwistown in such count)-, where his father has owned a flouring mill, lie atti'ntlcd the public schools at I'crnadotte and Lewistown in the county named, and in 1868 en- tered the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, from which institution he was graduated in 1872 with the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy, con- ferred upon graduates of the Latin and Scientific Course. He entered college with the intention of taking the degree of Civil Engineer and nearly completed the course of studies prescribed for such degree, when he broadened his studies and included the studies of the Scientific and Latin and Scientific Courses. Much of his success in professional work he attributes to the mental training derived from his mathematical studies. On leaving college he taught school for a year at Vermont, Illinois, and then read law in the office of the Hon. R. B. Stevenson, at Lewistown. In June, 1875, Mr. Burgett was admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court of Illinois, and in the following September settled in Chicago, and en tered upon the practice of his profession. In April, 1877, he formed a partnership with .Miner Smith under the firm name of .Smith iK: Hurgett. which partnership continued until April, 1887. Immediately upon the dissolution of such partner- ship he formed a partnership with Henr\' .S. Osborne and hVank S. Osborne, under the firm name of Osborne Brothers & Burgett. Into this firm Henry R. Pebbles and Nelson D. Parkhurst have since been admitted as members; Osborne Brothers & Burgett is one of the strongest law- firms in Chicago, having a very large office prac- tice as w ell as doing an extensive business in all the comts, State and Federal. Beginning with the case of Silverman vs. Chase in the goth volume of the Illinois Supreme Court Reports there are found in the last forty-six volumes of such reports and in the fortj' \-olumes z t^^ (i niOGRAPIIICAL DICTIOXAKV AXn /'(UCTRA/T iiAlJJlRY. 411 of the Illinois Appellate Court Reports a larsjc (1892) taken part arc the cases involving the title number of cases invoking important interests to Gore's Hotel, Chicago, and its management, wherein Mr. Hurgett was counsel and wherein wherein he won victories worth several hundred the positions taken by him were almost without thousand dollars to his client. His first case in the exception sustained by the Courts. Stime of the United States Supreme Court was Drury vs. Hay- most important cases in which he has recently den. in U.S. Reports, which he argued in 1883. SYLVESTER M. MILLARD, CHICAGO. ILL. SYLVESTER M. MILLARD was born Au- gust 24, 1839, '" Shiawassee county, Mich- igan. His father was a birthright Quaker from the Quaker stock of New England, his grand- father was a native of Rhode Island. His mother's father was a Hollander whose pnnni- nence in the religious contests between the Catho- lics and Protestants, drove him from Holland to America in an early day. On the maternal side the sturdy Holland character asserted itself in the, long life of the mother of Mr. Millard, who died at the age of ninety, and whose brother and sis- ter died at the ages of ninety-six and one hun- dred years respectively. The early life of our subject was spent in a Michigan pioneer settle- ment, where the comforts of civilization were unknown in the struggle for existence. Until the age of twenty years he was compelled to work on the farm to help support the family. His schooling was entirely neglected and no fa- cilities were afforded him for reading or otherwise improving his mind. At the age of twenty he commenced his elementary studies (including English grammar) at a boarding-school at Lan- .sing, Michigan. After one winter he returned to the farm and worked until the farm work was done in the fall, when he returned to his board- ing-school for another winter. Having once ac- quired a taste for study he diligently improved his time so that he was able to enter the Agricult- ural College at Lansing. Hy dint of labor at college and teaching school during the winter, he was enabled to continue his .studies until he was graduated in 1864. In the early months of 1865, he entered the law office of Hutler & Cottrell, one of the leading law firms of Milwaukee, Wis- consin, where he remained until 1867, when he was admitted to the bar. Owing to lack of means he was not able to locate in the practice of his profession until late in the }-ear 1868, when he settled in Chicago and commenced the prac- tice of law. His first copartnership was of short duration as the great fire destroyed his entire office outfit, and left him without books, clients or means. He, however, believed in Chicago. In 1870 he was married to Amelia C. Collins, of Rochester, New York, and when the fire had " wiped out" his worldly effects he found himself with a wife as his sole earthly possession. Re- newing his struggle, he again began to build up a practice. In a dwelling, far out on the South Side of Chicago, and in an office that, before the fire, served as a bed-room, for a year Mr. Millard worked to support his family under these most discouraging surroundings. Perseverance, how- ever, won, and gradually clients came, increasing year by year. Although suffering for years from poor health, the one predominant trait w^as " per- severance." His years of labor have been con- fined to the practice of the law in its legitimate field. Many young lawyers, impatient and rest- less, sought speculations for sjiecdy wealth, but Mr. Millard made his profession his life work. In it he has prospered. He has surrounded himself with .1 lanTc wealthy and lucrative clientage. His practice has been largely on the chanceiy side. He has been engaged in many large will contests and other controversies involving large property-interests. \ modern proverb (and one which Mr. Millard has followed) says " to be a successful Lawyer keep out of jjolitics." Although he has held several offices of trust and has given much attention to the se- curing of good men for offices of his city and State, he has steadily refused to accept any political honors. At a time when the government of Hi-di- 412 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. land Park, his home, was dcmoraUzed, and w as in need of his ability to aid in reforming the City Council and public affairs, he was unanimousK- elected an Alderman — an ofifice which he held for two years, and until the affairs of the municipality were placed upon a good footing, largely through his efforts. Mr. Millard has always taken a lively interest in education. In 1879 he was appointed by the Governor of the State (and confirmed by the Senate) to the office of Trustee of the University of Illinois, located at Champaign, which office he held twelve years, being reappointed. During his term as Trustee, he was President of the Board for si.x years, and was instrumental in so shaping the government of the University and its educational work that it became under his ad- ministration one of the leading Universities in the West. His professional duties, however, be- came so great that he declined a third nomination to the office. Mr. Millard has for some years been a resident of Highland Park, though now residing in the cit\- of Chicago. His business has been in Chi- cago during his entire professional life. His family consists of his wife and three children. In iSiSj he traveled in Europe, visiting the chief cities and studying the controlling principles in the civic and public life in kingdoms and em- pires. It can be truly said of him that he has fulfilled the duties of a citizen, being public-spirited, and has been most conscientious and fathful to aH the trusts which he has been called upon to assume. He is an active member of the Union League and other clubs of Chicago. He has frequently been called upon to assume trusts in managing large estates, and has a reputation as a conservative and reliable man in managing property interests. He is in the prime of life and a successful and thorough lawyer. Retiring in disposition, yet firm and energetic, he is one of the men who de- serves to be named among Chicago's representa- tive men. THEODORE SCHINTZ, CHICAGO, ILL. THEODORE SCHINTZ, one of the most substantial and hard-working lawyers in the profession, was born in Zurich, Switzerland, May 1st, 1830. His father, Henry Schintz, was a law- yer of life-long practice in that cit\-. His early education was obtained in the com- mon schools antl the ])ol)'technic school of his native place, he taking a full scientific course. lie had, liowever, imbibed the prevailing belief in his native country that the only trul\- noble pursuit is to endea\'or to di'aw one's sustenance directly from the soil, \\hate\er the education of the individual may be. With this idea the young Swiss, well educated, ambitious and intellectually alert, came to America, in 1850, and went to work on a farm near Oconomowoc, Wis. He after- ward worked on a farm in Green count)-, later removing to New Elm, a .Swiss settlement in Winnebago county. There he farmed for several years, and at leisure hours industriously exam- ined into the i)ulitical institutions of his adopteil countr\-. He was chosen chairman of the town boani of supervisors of New Elm, taught school one year in its old log school house, and, in 1854, located in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, where he commenced the study of law, and was admitted to the bar two \ears later, in 1856, soon acquiring a good general [)ractice. In iSfij Mr. Schintz located in Chicago, where he has since resided, honored by his professional brethren and the people of the city, whom he has served in several important positions. In 1867 Mr. Schintz was elected alderman, and remained a member of the board for five years, and in 1S69, while John B. Rice, then mayor of the city, was absent in Europe, he became the acting mayor of Chicago. In 1869 he was ap- pointed a member of the Board of Education, serving two terms, but since 1872 he has devoted himself entirely to the practice of his profession. In September, 1851, Mr. Schintz married Bar- har.i Zentner, also a native of Switzerland ; they have one son and one daughter. -^.-^J BIOCR.irHICAI. D/CT/O.XAKV IXD J'ORTH.UT (7.I/JJ:/CV. 415 Tlicoilorc II. Scliiiitz, their son, was cilucatcd in the Chicago University, studied law with his father, and was admitted to practice before the Supreme Court of the State, at Mount Vernon. Josephine, the daughter, is a graduate of the Cook County Normal School. In summing up the events of his life, we have merely to state that the high position he now occupies amongst the residents of Chicago he owes entirely to his own exertions; he started on the highway of life with a capital consisting only of health, determination, force of character and a liberal education. That he has made trood use of his natural abilities is proven by the fact that he occupies a position of i)rominence among the [prominent citizens of Chicago. In conclusion, it can trulj- be stated that Theo- dore Schintz, whether filling a public position or acting for private client, has always transacted the affairs witii which he was intrusted in such a manner as to merit the confidence of all that have been fortunate enough to have dealings with him. Such is his biography. It is that of a citizen of Chicago who has, step by step, advanced to a high position amongst its most respected and honored citizens. HON. JOSEPH P. MAHONHV, CHICAGO, ILL. THERE is not in the vast City of Chicago another such example of youthful activity and success as that afforded by the subject of this sketch, Joseph P. Mahoney. Admitted to the practice of law^ when only twenty-one years of age, elected a member of the State Legislature when only twenty-one, ap- ])ointed a Master of Chancery of the Circuit Court of Cook County at the age of twenty-four, and offered a seat on the Board of Education by the Hon. Hempstead W'ashburne, Mayor of Chi- cago, before he had reached his twenty-.sevcnth" birthday, are some of the items of interest in this remarkable career, which we have no hesitation in saying is without parallel in the State. Joseph P. Mahoney was born in Oswego, New- York State, on November i, 1864, and is there- fore only twenty-seven years old. His parents removed to Chicago when he was only three years old. His father died recently, but the other members of the family still reside here. His parents were particularly careful and anxious regarding the education of their children. When old enough Joseph was sent to the public school, where he soon distinguished himself by his apjjli- cation to his books and by his love of stud\'. He is a graduate of the Chicago public schools, and is a credit to them. Immediately after leaving .school Mr. Mahoney applied himself to the study of law, for which he felt a .strong inclina- tion. He entered the office of Messrs. Jewett & Norton, a firm of excellent rejjutation in this city, and there learned the theory and practice of law. He presented himself for examination for admission to the bar when only twenty years old, and his answers were so satisfactory that Judge McAllister made an exception in his case, and although under age, admitted him to the practice of law on condition that he would take out his license when twenty-one years old. He at once commenced the practice of his profession in Chi- cago and has continued to do so ever since, h'our years ago the Circuit Court bench appointed him one of its Masters of Chancery, the duties of which he still continues to discharge with general satisfaction. As a lawyer, Mr. Mahoney is a close and earnest student, who devotes himself unsparingly to his duties. Quiet, earnest and able, he moves forward with his work with ease, confidence and success. As a public speaker he is fluent, forcible and logical. His manner is gentle, earnest and pleas- ing. With a musical voice, a ready utterance and a logical mind, he is a young man who may hope to attain a very high place in his profession, and honorable preferment as a citizen. .Mr. Mahoney is an active and earnest Demo- crat. Liberal and tolerant towards those who iliffer from him in politics, yet strong and fearless in the defense of his principles. As a resident of the West Siile, he has taken a warm interest in 4i6 BlOCRArmCAL DICTIOXARY AXn PORTRAIT GALLERY. every question affecting that district. He was elected Representative to the State Legislature for the Fifth Senatorial District, and held that position for three consecutive terms, when he was elected Senator for the same district, which posi- tion he now holds. As a member of the Legislature he has acquitted himself with honor and credit, and has given the utmost satisfaction to his constituents by attention to their interests, and by his integ- rity and ability in the discharge of every duty. Mr. Mahoney has the honor of being the young- est man ever elected a member of the Legis- lature of this State. He is at present the young- est member of the Senate. He is the author of the bill giving authority to the West Town of Chicago to issue bonds to the amount of one million dollars, and to expend the same on park and street improvements, prepara- tory to the World's Columbian Exposition. This measure has been passed, and the bonds are now being prepared for issue. He also took a promi- nent part in passing the Convict Labor Bill, which has for its object the prevention of compe- tition of prison with outside labor. As a young man, Mr. Mahonej^ has the reputa- tion amongst his professional brethren of being a painstaking, conscientious and talented lawyer, and of being a man of uncompromising integrity. Judging from his past record, we have no hesi- tation in saying that he has a bright and honor- able future before him. HON. THOMAS WITHERELL PALMER, DETROIT, MICH. THE subject of this biography, one of Michi- gan's " favorite sons " and most honored citizens, is pre-eminently a self-made man. He began life with a definite purpose in view, worked faithfully, honestly and with a will for its accom- plishment, and now, at the age of sixty-two years, enjoys a more than national reputation as a man of progressive ideas, rich attainments, high-mind- ed, pure-hearted and clean-handed — in a word, a leader worthy the name. His native city, De- troit, where he was born, January 25, 1830, has always been his home. He has grown with her growth, prospered with her prosperity, and is a most worthy representative of her enterprise and greatness. He traces his ancestry to New England and early colonial families, his father having been a native of Connecticut and his mother of Ver- mont. 11 is falhcr was a merchant in Detroit during the territorial days of Michigan, and a rep- resentative man of his time, widely known for his sterling qualities; and by the few survivors of those early days who were associated with him he is held in affectionate remembrance. The mother, a daughter of Judge James Withercll, a descendant of Roger Williams, and one of the pioneer settlers and representative men of the Territory of Michigan, was a woman of many womanly virtues and generous impulses, and is remembered with tenderest regard for her earnest Christian spirit and charitable deeds. She was one of the first Methodists in Detroit. Mr. Palmer's father and his mother's father were included among those surrendered by Gen. Hull in 1 81 2. Thomas was rearetl in the citj- of Detroit until twelve, when he entered Mr. Thompson's acad- emy at St. Clair, Michigan, then the village of Palmer, nametl from his father. Leaving the academy he entered the freshman class at Ann Arbor University, and remained one year. His eyes failing, he was compelled to abandon his studies. He spent a portion of the following year upon Lake Superior. His eyesight being partially restored he resumed his studies at Ann Arbor for about six months. His eyes again failing, he, with five others, left Ann Arbor for a voy- age to Spain in the fall of 1848. He landed at Cadiz, after a thirty days' winter voyage, and for two months traveled on foot through the country, visiting the Alhambra in Granada, and other points. Returning to Cadiz, he took ship for South America, landing at Rio Janeiro in 1849. After passing three months in South America, he returned home via New Orleans, spending two months in the Southern States. In 1850 he went BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. 419 to Wisconsin and spent one year as afjcnt of a transportation company. In 185 1 he went into business at Appleton, Wisconsin, was burned out and financially ruined. In 1853 he returned to Detroit and engatjed in the real estate business. In 1S55 he engaged in the lumbering business, which, with the purchase and sale of pine lands, has been his vocation since. He is now one of the firm of Charles Merrill & Co., of East Sagi- naw, a special partner in the firm of IMcGraft & Montgomery at Muskegon, and the owner of mills at Falmouth, Missaukee county, Michigan. Mr. Palmer has been an active and staunch mem- ber of the Republican party ever since its organ- ization. He has been called to high positions and important trusts, and has never failed to acquit himself in a manner to call forth the plaud- its of his fellow-citizens. He was never a candi- date for office until he ran for one of the estima- tors-at-large of the city of Detroit in 1873. In 1878 Mr. Palmer declined the nomination for Congress, but at the earnest solicitation of his friends he accepted the nomination for State Sen- ator, tendered him by acclamation, and was elect- ed. Two j'ears later, in the convention, he made an unsuccessful race for the nomination for Gov- ernor of his State, but was chosen by the Legisla- ture to succeed the Hon. T. W. Ferrj^ in the United States Senate, for a term of si.x years, be- ginning March 4. 1883, and but for his voluntary- retirement from politics would have been re-elect- ed without opposition for a second term. His name was prominently discussed for a cabinet position before the conclusion of his term of office in the Senate. In April, 18S9, he was nominated by President Harrison and confirmed as minister to Spain. He resigned the office in May, 1890. preferring the life of a private citizen at home to that of a government official stationed in Madrid. In June, 1890, he was appointed by President Harrison as one of the commissioners-at-Iarge of the World's Columbian Exposition, to be held at Chicago in 1893, and upon the meeting of that bod\-, June 27, was unanimously elected its pres- ident, an office for which his native executive ability and rich and varied experiences as an organizer most eminently fit him. Personally, Mr. Palmer is a man of great firmness and de- cision of character, and cool and deliberate in his judgments. He is at the same time a man of ad- vanced and progressive ideas, enterprising and stirring, and withal possessed of a sincerity and goodness of heart that discover themselves in his every act, and attract the admiration and win and hold the confidence of all with whom he has to do. He is a generous man, public-spirited, and contributes liberally of his time and energy and money to religious and philanthropic interests, and to whatever conduces to the welfare of his city and the good of his fellows. He is a man of literarj' tastes, a lover and liberal patron of art, and was one of the projectors and founders of the Detroit Art Museum. In short, Mr. Palmer has made his life a decided success, and with his in- fluence and wealth, and a will to put them to the noblest use, he cannot but hold a leading place and make the world better. He married Miss Lizzie P., daughter of Chas. P. Merrill, in 1855. He has no children. HON. WILLIAM LINDSAY, FRANKFORT, KY. WILLIAM LINDSAY is a native of Rock- bridge county, Virginia. He was born on September 4, 1835, and traces his lineage back through a line of distinguished ancestors to the celebrated Lindsay family of Scotland. He early decided to enter the legal profession and turned his studies in that direction, and began the prac- tice of law in Hickman county, Kentucky, whither he had removed in 1854. At the opening of the War of the Rebellion he enlisted in the Confed- eate cause, and served gallantly as captain and staff officer. In 1S65 he was paroled as a pris- oner of war, at Columbus, Mississippi, and re- turned to his home in Kentucky and resumed the practice of law. Two years later he was elected to the State Senate of Kentucky, and subse- quently was elected judge of the Court of Ap- peals. In 1890 he again represented his district 420 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. in the State Senate, anil more recently he was a candidate for the United States Senate against Mr. Carlisle. Judge Lindsay is a man of scholarh- attain- ments, a lawyer of great ability and in the best sense a high-minded gentleman. He is the recog- nized head of the Kentucky bar, and in all the relations of his private life or public career he has won uni\ersal confidence and respect. He has been honored with many positions of confi- dence and trust. He is president of the Ken- tucky branch of the Sons of the Revolution and one of the commissioners-at-large of the World's Columbian Exposition, to be held at Chicago in 1893. To all these varied offices he has devoted himself with energy and zeal, bringing to them the benefit of a well-disciplined mind and a rich and varied experience. WILLIAM H. BVFORD, JR., M.D. CHICAGO, ILL. DURING the latter part of the present cen- tury the scientific world has watched with growing interest the labors of a certain medical triumvirate. A father and two sons. Dr. William H. Byford, Sr., Dr. Henry Turman Byford, and the man of whom we write, have, by their re- markable achievements, marked an epoch in American surgerj'. The first, as is well known, lived to attain the full fruition of his work. Chi- cago is still the home of the second. The trium- virate was broken by the untimely death of the third — the young, gifted and beloved physician. William Hezekiah Byford was born in the year 1850, at Mt. Vernon, Indiana, and christened with a name already fainous in the medical profession, being a grandson of the noted Dr. Hezekiah Hol- land, of Kentucky — a man who died from ex- posure in the performance of professional duty. Our subject had three sisters, all married and living in Chicago, and one brother, mentioned abu\e, between whom and himself there existed a strong bond of affection. In 1857 the family removed to Chicago, where William, who was then seven years of age, re- ceived the first rudiments of his education. He spent fi\'e \'ears in the public, and twn in the pii- vate schools of the city, and in 1865, when the family went abroad, was well prepared to enter High School in Germany. Three years of faith- ful work there and in a German gymnasium fur- nished him with that broad basis of general know le(!L;e and proportionatel\- wide range of chfiice which is the best jireijaialion for the more special study of a profession. I lis _\duthful aspi- rations inclining him tow.ud tlie legal profession, he, in 1868, entered the Chicago Law .School, graduating therefrom in 1870. He practiced in Chicago for three years when failing health neces- sitated a trip to the South. Experiencing no benefit therefrom, in the summer of 1873, in com- pany with his brother, Dr. H. T. Byford, he re- moved to Denver, Colorado, and bravely devoted himself anew to the practice of law. Ill-health, however, still continuing, he concluded that so sedentary a pursuit was not best for him, and de- cided to adopt a more active profession in which he would have the opportunity of being in the open air. Accordingly, in 1876, he returned to Chicago, and with unabated energy and indomi- table courage, began the study of medicine. He graduated in 1878 from the Chicago Medical College, and immediately received the ap[)oint- ment as Assistant Demonstrator of .Anatomy in that institution. I-"or about a year he practiced in Chicago, as- sociated with his brother, and then removed to Faribault, Minnesota. Finding that field too narrow for his specialty, in 1879 he changed his residence to Minneapolis. At last, established in his proper sphere, his rise was rapid and brilliant, and success was assured. Soon after locating in Minneapolis he was elected to the Professorship of Physical Diagnosis in the Minnesota College Hospital Medical School, a position which he held until his death. Dr. Byford became noted for his boldness, dex- terity, and success as an operator, and in a short time his practice had grown beyond the possibil- il\- of his meeting its demands. He was obliged to confine himself to citnsultation, in which the '^W ^f^:^-i^ mocRArmcAi. pictioxakv i\p roKTRAir c.ai.i.f.ry. 423 accuracN- ami completeness of his diagnoses gave him the highest rank as an authority. Laboring in the same de])artmcnt of medical science as his distinguished father, it was soon evident that his would be an equally distinguished career. Father and son alike gained great and well-deserved re- nown in all matters pertaining to abdominal sur- gery, and each, when he died, was his cit}'s lead- ing gynaecologist. This eminence, which woulil have been esteemed abundant for many a man as the crown of a life-time's work, was gained by Dr. Hyford before he was thirty-three years old. What might have been the end of a career so brilliantly begun can only be imagined, for in November, 1883, in the midst of high honors and with the most splendid prospects beckon- ing him forward, the young physician's life was ended. Gifted by nature with a large and powerful physique, he was from his youth a practiced ath- lete. Daring and ambitious in the performance of feats of strength and agility, he brought upon himself, in an unfortunate moment of over-exer- tion, the rupture of a blood vessel in the lungs. From this injury he suffered many years, and to its effects in the rare disease known as fibrous de- generation of the lung tissue, his death was ulti- mately due. Earnest, self-sacrificing, eager to lessen the suf- ferings of his fellows, and equally eager for the advancement of the nation. Dr. liyford took an active and well-directed interest in civil govern- ment and politics, his political faith being that of the Republican part)-. In religious belief he was brought up a Methodist, but in later years the arduous duties of his profession, together with in- creased infirmity, prevented active service in the church. Sincere as truth itself, Dr. Hj-ford was a man to whom hypocrisy was an aboinination, and who, ignoring forms and all practice, valued men at their real worth. Severe as was his judgment, none e\er had a friend more loyal and magni- mous than he when once his confidence was given. He seemed always to be more concerned for the prosperity of others than for his own. Men loved him because he retained in manhood, a boy's impulsive, sympathetic, generous heart. Dr. Byford was married in 1876 to Mrs. Maude Whyte, daughter of a venerable jurist of Ohio. Mrs. Byford was a faithful, dcxotcd wife and did much to aid her husl)and in llu- attainment of prominence in the profession. GEORGE EDMUND FOSS, CHICAC.O, ILL. AMONG the young lawyers who practice in Chicago no one stands higher than the sub- ject of this sketch. He is not only one of the best educated men in the profession, in science and literature, but he has systematically pursued the study of the law in all of its various branches, and is familiar with its subtleties and technicali- ties. Acute and aicft of mind, and master of brilliant and lucid expression, Mr. Foss rises to the full dignity of an accomplished orator, either addressing a jury or on the platform, being al- ways courteous, magnanimous and forcible. He arrays evidence logically and draws conclusions convincingly. He is graceful in his gestures, earnest, rhetorical and vivid in deli\'ery. Mr. Foss is a native of Berkshire, Vermont, and was born July 2d, 1863. His father, (jeorge F. Foss, is a manufacturer and a business man. widely and favorably known as a man of intelli- gence and strict integrity. The mother of our subject, before marriage, was Miss Marcia C. Noble ; her great-grandfather was a soldier in the war of the Revolution. Cieorge Kdmund began his education in the high school at St. Albans, Ver- mont, and was graduated therefrom in 1880. He entered Harvard College, at Cambridge, Massa- chusetts, in 1881, L;raduating in 1SS5. He was then connected witii the law office of Noble and Smith, at St. Albans. He went to New York City and entered Columbia Law .School, but was taken ill at the end of one term. He was con- nected with a legal magazine, and obtained con- sider.ible distinction as a writer on legal subjects, .ind was tendered the editorship of a legal maga- zine liublished in New \'ork. In 1888 he removed to Chicago, and in tiie fall 424 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIO.XARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. of that year lie entered the senior class of the Union College of Law, taking a two years' course in one year; he was graduated in the summer of 1889. He was president of his class, and at com- mencement honorable mention was given him for the best legal thesis, and a fifty-dollar prize was awarded him as best orator. In March of the same year, after examination by the Appellate Court, he was admitted to the bar of Illinois. He was then associated with Hon. Alfred Ennis, formerly general counsel of Pullman Palace Car Company, and later on was office associate with Hon. George Driggs, now a judge of the Circuit Court of Cook county, and since January 1st, 1889, he has been practicing alone, with excellent success, having quite a num- ber of the wealthy citizens of Chicago as clients, and occupying a fine office in the Chamber of Commerce building. Mr. Foss is well developed physically, has a robust constitution, and he is admirably adapted to the labors of his chosen profession. He is a courteous gentleman and of excellent habits and high social standing. He has been vice-presi- dent of the Alumni Association of Union Col- lege of Law ; he is a member of Harvard and Sunset Clubs, and also secretary of the Sons of \'ermont. JOHN DOLESE, CHICAGO, ILL. AMONG the pioneers of the Garden City, the men who have seen her rapid and steady rise from an unincorporated town to her present high position as the second city of the L^nion, and the great center of the North and West, few have made more of a success of life than the sub- ject of this sketch. His father, Peter Dolese, settled in Chicago in 1833 or 1834, and was married in 1836 to Miss Matilda Laible, of Detroit, Michigan. John was born in Chicago on February 12, 1837, in the fam- ily residence, then located on the corner of Lake and La Salle streets. Peter Dolese, our subject's father, was born in the Province of Lorraine, France, and his wife in Baden, which was at that time an independent principality ; their first child was named John, in honor of Peter's brother, who was then a resident of Chicago. Shortly after John's birth the family moved to Peru, Illinois, where they remained until the death of Mrs. Do- lese, in 1840. The Laible famil)-, John's maternal ancestors, all lived in Detroit, with the exception of one sis- ter, who resided in Europe. After his mother's death John accompanied his father to France, where he remained with his grandparents until 1845, when he returned with his father to Chi- cago. This trip was the thirteenth and last trip of Peter Dolese across the Atlantic. Though but seven years of age at that time, our subject re- members with distinctness the most interesting incidents of his trip from New York west, which was made entirely by water. The route was by way of the Hudson River to Albany, thence via the Erie Canal to Buffalo, and by the lakes to Chi- cago, where he arrived the latter part of July, 1845, and he has remained a resident of this city ever since. He recalls vividly the Fourth of July, 1845, because on that day, while passing through Syracuse, on the Erie Canal boat, the boat's bed- ding was burned by fireworks that were used in celebrating the sixty-ninth anniversary of " Inde- pendence Day." He arrived in Chicago with his cousin, then a young man of twenty, who drifted South and died at New Orleans. His rudimen- tary education was obtained at the Dearborn School, then located opposite the present site of AlcVicker's Theatre. His first venture in mercan- tile life was in the employ of his father, and he remained with him until ivineteen years of age, when he started a teaming and transfer business for himself, and continued in that business until 1868, when he formed a copartnership with Jason H. Shepard. That was the beginning of the quarrying and paving business of Dolese A: Shepard. Previous to the formation of the firm, Mr. Dolese, in connection with his father, had taken several contracts and graded several streets. Their early work in that direction included grad- ing work on the Michigan Southern Railroad, and ^4^ /-^ iuoGRAriiic.il. niCTiox.xRV .ixn i'ortr.iit cillery. 427 also contracts for t^radiiij; on the Rock Island Railroad between Blue Island and Morgan Ridge, now called Washington Heights, which had been sub-let to them by Judge Fuller, the original con- tractor. His father's career, however, was brought to an end by his unexpected decease on Febru- ary 14, 1862. Among the more important contracts of Mr. John Dolese was that with the Union Rolling Mill, now the Illinois Steel Company (of which his present partner. Mr. Shepard, was cashier anil bookkeeper). He had charge of their shipments and transferred their material. This contract is now being filled by his eldest son, William, who has succeeded to his father's earlier business. From a small business at the time of the forma- tion of the copartnership, the firm of Dolese & Shepard has reach a point of success which very few firms attain, and they can look back with a feeling of just pride upon their business career, which has been one of unexampled prosperity, re- sulting from the application of sterling business principles, combined with native business ability. Mr. Dolese has attended to the supervision of the executive part of the business, and his partner, Mr. Shepard, to the finances of the firm. Their business, conducted with great foresight and tact, has become, undoubtedly, the largest in its line, not only in Chicago, but in the United States. The number of their employes has increased from five or six men to six hundred or more, and their pay roll, including the wages of men cm- ployed in concerns they control, has increased from a few hundred dollars a month to the enor- mous sum of from twent\-five thousand to thirty thousar^d dollars monthly. They own three granite quarries and two gravel pits, and they have constructed many more miles of streets than any firm on the continent. They have either built or furnished the material for the construction of at least two-thirds of that beauti- ful drivewa)-, Michigan boulevard, and have either constructed or been interested in the construction of all the streets and drives of Hyde and South parks. All this work has been done under the personal supervision of Mr. Dolese, who has taken an active interest in it — an interest prompted not by financial motives alone, but also by a con- scif)usness that his work well done would be a lasting monument to his firm that would survive many generations. The great South I'ark system of boulevards and drives has become famous, and is pointed out to Chicago visitors as one of the most beautiful localities in the city; and as the larger part of this construction was done under the immediate management of Mr. Dolese, or the material furnished by the firm of which he is a member, he has just cause to feel proud of its completion. He was married in August, 1857, to Mi.ss Kath- erine Jacobs, of Chicago, and they have nine children, all unmarried. Their names and order of birth are: William, Matilda, Rose, Minnie, John, Jr., Henry, Peter, Ida and Laura. The family resi- dence was formerly in Cicero township, but is now (1892) at No. 3414 Wabash avenue. Mr. Dolese is a very courteous and genial gen- tleman, and a man who is always an enter- taining conversationalist. His reminiscences of early Chicago are most interesting and enter- taining. He can recall the time when the present corner of Lake and Clark streets was an apparently bottomless swamp, when the city prisoners formed into a " chain gang," dragged heavy iron balls and worked upon the public streets ; and their prison was an old log structure at the corner of La Salle and Randolph streets. He also speaks of his father's reminiscences of the day of the first city election, when Messrs. Ogden and Kinzie were the candidates for the mayoralty. His father and uncle took opposite sides on the question of the day, the latter voting as a Demo- crat for Mr. Ogden, and the former as a Whig for Mr. Kinzie. Mr. Dolese has followed in his father's footsteps, and when the supporters of Daniel Webster became embodied in the Repub- lican party, he became a staunch Republican. Mr. Dolese also speaks of the great ice gorge, which caused the bridges to be washed from their fastenings, and indeed he can relate interesting in- cidents connected with nearly every part of the city. He has seen Chicago grow from the dimen- sions of a mere village, to take rank amongst the very first cities, not only in our own country, but in the workl. There are few men in Chicago who ha\ e ilonc as much to materially beautify and improve the city as he. Always even-tempered, ready to greet one with a kindly word and cheerful welcome, polite, considerate and charitable, he is respected 428 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARV AM) PORTRAIT GALLERY. h\- his subordinates and admired and sought after in life, he has taken his greatest pleasure in the by his equals. He has never striven for any polit- enjoyment of his friends' society, and that place of ical or social honors, but content with his success pure and sweet delight, a cheerful, happy home. BENJAMIN H. CAMPBELL, CHICAGO, ILL. THE life of Benjamin Hendren Campbell was a busy one, and shows what indomitable will and persevering energy can accomplish. He not only benefited himself by his numerous enter- prises, many of which were of a semi-public char- acter, but the community in which he resided was also largely the gainer. He was in e\cry sense a pioneer, a man of fine physique and noticeable presence. He was born in King W'illiam cuunt\-, near Richmond, Virginia, in 1814. At the age of nineteen we find the youth in Galena, Illinois. The steamer Winnebago, on which he took pas- sage, was thirteen days making the trip from St. Louis to Galena. Here he secured employ- ment in the wholesale grocery house of Campbell & Morehouse (G. W. Campbell and D. B. More- house comprising the firm). After four },-ears of faithful service he was admitted as a jiartner in the business, the name of the firm changing to Campbell, Morehouse & Co. For two \-ears he remained an active partner in this concern. In 1 841 the firm closed oLit their business and Mr. Campbell next turned his attention to the com- mission business, forming a partnership with Mr. M}-ers F. Truett, under the firm name of Camp- bell & Truett. This j)artnership was of short duration, and Mr. Campbell resumed the grocery trade in partnership with Capt. Orrin Smith, under the firm name of Campbell & Smith. This partnership lasted for about two years, antl after its dissolution Mr. Cam])l)cll carried on the busi- ness for a short time in his own name, after which he entered into copartnership with his brother-in- law, J. Russell Jones, Esq., who was then his chief clerk and bookkeeper. At that time the whole- sale trade of Galena was very large, and to supply it required both ability and experience. A year's supply of teas was frequently bought in Boston, and coffees and sugars in New Orleans. It was no unusual thing for Mr. Campbell to visit the plantations of Louisiana and buy an entire cargo of sugar, to be shipped by boat to Galena. In 1850 Mr. Campbell organized the old Minnesota Packet Company, the steamer "Argo" (William Lodwick, captain,) being its first boat. This enterprise proved a financial success to the com- pany, and opened a large and profitable trade with the river and interior towns of Iowa and Wisconsin above Galena, and the entire state of Minnesota. This company, the controlling spirit of which wzs, Mr. Campbell, contributed ver\- largely to the development of these States, and was a source of wealth to the merchants of Galena. It was afterwards called the Galena, Dubuque, Dunlieth and Minnesota Packet Com- pany, then the Northwestern Packet Company, and a few years later was merged into the Keokuk & Northern Line Packet Compan)-. running be- tween St. Louis, Keokuk and St. Paul. On the opening of the Milwaukee & Prairie du Chien Railroad, the wholesale business was taken from Galena and transferred to Chicago, and sev- eral of Galena's heaviest dealers retired from business. In 1861 the firm of B. H. Campbell & Company closed out their business, Mr. Jones having been aijpointcd United States Marshal for the Northern District of Illinois. On retiring from the grocery trade Mr. Campbell purchased the steamers "Jennie Whipple," " Keokuk " and " Kate Castle," and established a dail\- line between Davenport and Keokuk, carrying the United States mails. He then built two steamers, the "Keithsburg" and the "New Boston," antl added them to his line, and several years later sold out to the Northern Line & Keokuk Packet Compan\-. In 1859 ^^''- Campbell built the first and only steamer ever built in Dubuque, Iowa. She was called the " Dexter." He also built two barges, the "Annie" and the "Jessie." In 1869 Mr. Campbell was appointed by his ohl-time friend, President Grant, ^^ S^^^.-^yC^^{j lUOGRArillCAI. IIICTIOXARY AXD I'OirrRAIT C.AI.I.KUY. 431 L'nitcd States Marslial for the Noitlicrn District of Illinois. Tliis position he liekl for eight years, h.uing been reappointed after serving four years. Under his supervision the United States Census of 1870 was taken, and tlie returns were especially commended by the department as being, with one otlier, the best taken in the country. This appointment required him to change his residence to Chicago, and after serving the two terms, hav- ing become interested in various enterprises in Chicago, he decided to make his home there. He was vice-president of the Chicago West Division Street Railway Company and the largest stock- holder in that organization. He was one of the incorporators and directors of the National Bank of Illinois, also a director in the Union Hide and Leather Company and president of the Chicago Safe and Lock Company. Mr. Campbell was married in July, 1837, at Sinsinawa Mound, Wisconsin, to Miss Eliza H. Scott, daughter of Judge Andrew Scott, who was the first United States Judge of Arkansas. Mrs. Campbell died in Chicago, March ig, 1874, leaving eight children. Mr. Campbell died at Chicago. on November 28, 1890, in the seventy-si.xth year of his age, leaving the following-named children surviving him: Mrs. Annie C. Babcock, widow of Gen. (). E. Babcock, Augustus S., Benjamin H., A. Courtne)- and Mary L. Campbell, Mrs. Emily C. Ni.xon, Mrs. Russella C. Smith and Jessie Campbell. Our subject took great interest in politics, both .State and National, but was nc\'er an office- seeker. Originally a Whig, he became an ardent Republican, and was on terms of closest friend- ship with Presidents Lincoln and Grant, having first known the latter when in business in Galena. Mr. Campbell was very successful in business, was widely known and esteemed for his manly traits of character. He was a verj- genial, pleasant man, and in consequence very popular. The name of " Ben Campbell " on the upper Missis- sippi was as well known in steamboating as other names now are in railroading, and one of the finest steamers named after him was a special favorite with the traveling public. His life-long friend, Mr. J. l-lussell Jones, pays him this tribute: I was probably better acciuainteti with Mr. Campbell than any of his acquaintances, and I fully appreciate the noble characteristics and lovable disposition which marked his course through lifc. We were associated together in business enterprises for over fifty years, and during that time I never knew him to do an ungallant or unprofessional act. He was the soul of honor and uprightness. In 1840 1 cntereti his employ as clerk in Galena, Illinois, and for seventeen years I was associated with him in the wholes;ile grocery business as clerk or partner. I came to Chicago in 1861, and he followed me eight years later. During my twenty-five years' connec- tion with the Chicago West Division Railway System, as president, he was associated with me as vice-president, and one of the directors. During my fifty years' business connec- tion with him we have been on the most intimate terms. He was a very successful business man. He was always popular by reason of his amiability and genial manner. WILLARD HALL PORTER, Wll.MlNCTON, DEL. A.S one of the commissioners of the World's Columbian E.xposition, to be held at Chi- cago, in iS<_)3, Mr. Porter brings to his position the fruits of a ripe scholarship and a rich and varied e.xperience. He is a native of Wilming- ton, Delaware, and was born April 7, 1854. He, early in life, decided to enter the legalprofession, and after graduating from Princeton College pur- sued a course of study at Columbia Law College. He has j)racticed his profession in his native city and State with much success, and attained a high position among the leading lawyers of that com- monwealth. He is recognized as a leading man in his cit\- and community, aiul as such has been honored with manj- positions of confidence and trust, and his selection as one of the commis- sioners of the World's Columbian Exposition was a most natural, and in the fullest sense a commendable one. At the present time (1892) he is president of the Delaware Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, and attorney for the Delaware Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, and he takes a special pride in his office as secretary of the Delaware His- torical Society, of which the Hon. Thomas V . Bayard is an active member. 432 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. Mr. Porter holds a liigh social position, and is usually at the head of leading social events in his State. In political faith and affiliation he has always been a Democrat, but has uniformly de- clined political preferment. In all his varied relations Mr. Porter has main- tained a matily bearing, and by reason of his integrity of purpose, his splendid abilities and his nobility of character, he enjoys well-merited con- fidence and esteem. FRANK NEWTON GAGE, CHICAGO, ILL. FRANK NEWTON GAGE was born at Wal- tham, Massachusetts, July 24, 1853, ^"^ 's the son of John N. and Martha (Webster) Gage. His father settled in Chicago in 1857, and founded the house of Webster & Gage, which after- wards became Gage Bros. & Company, wholesale dealers in fancy goods and millinery. Frank was educated in the public schools of Chicago, graduating from the " ^Id Central " high school with honors in 1870. Having a predilection for commercial rather than profes- sional life, he, upon leaving school, entered the business of Gage Bros. & Company, and the great fire, which made Chicago famous, coming the following year, gave him an opportunity for rapid advancement which he was not slow to avail himself of. For fifteen years following, or until January i, 1885, when he organized the cor- poration known as " The Gage-Downs Corset Com- pany," of which he became treasurer and mana- ger, he was well known in the Chicago business world, and tireless in his efforts for success and advancement. The following si.vc years, in which a successful manufacturing business was established, were equally active. Disposing of his interest and severing his connection with this corporation in the early part of 1891, his attention has since been given to his large estate and the supervision of his diversified financial interests, which )iLld him a comfortable income. Mr. Gage finds time outside of this to attend to the duties of president of the North American Accident Association, and is quite active in the management of several successful building and loan associations as well as on the Chicago Stock E.xchange. A lover of good horses, several of which can be found in his well-a])i)()inted stable, he is a mem- ber of the Washington Park Club, and his artistic instincts are shown by his enrollment as a mem- ber of the Art Institute. In June, 1888, Mr. Gage was elected president of the National Union (he having become a mem- of same in 1883), a beneficial order, having something over thirty thousand members, and during his term of office, which expired in June. 1890, he had full jurisdiction over the whole order, and performed the duties of his office in an e.xem- plary manner. He is also a member of the Royal Arcanum, the Royal League and the Mystic Cir- cle — all well-known fraternal orders. He has traveled extensively, both in this country and Europe, and possessing, as he does, a retentive memory, and graphic, powers of de- scription, his reminiscences are always of an inter- esting and entertaining character. In politics he is a Republican, and is always true to his party on national and other important issues; but he is by no means a partisan, in the generally accepted sense of the word, and beyond recording his vote, as occasion may require, he takes no active part in politics generally. In religious faith he is a Universalist and is a member of St. Paul's Universalist Church. It is not often that ayoungman becomes so early iden- tified with the practical work of a church and its Sunday school, as did Mr. Gage, for he has been an officer of this church for many years, and connected with the Sunday .school work since i860. This is an honorable record, and one of which Mr. Gage is naturally proud. He has not vet reached the meridian of life, and the church of which he is so active and prominent a member anticipates many years of service from him. He was married November 6, i88g. to Miss Olive E. Lewis, daughter of Mrs. Mary Lewis. Thev have one child, a boy. named for the grand- l^lOCRArUICAl. niCTIOXARV AXn rORTRAir i.AI.I.ERV. 435 father, Jolni Newton Gage. Domestic by nature, Mr. Gage spends much of the lime not devoted to business interests with his family, and he is never happier than when, relieved from business cares, he is able to join his family and enjoy the com- forts of a beautifully situated, richly furnished and well-regulated home, or a drive behind one or more of his well-bred horses. Of thorough rectitude, pleasing address and much ability, he is one of Chicago's enterprising and representative citizens, and as such his biography is here inserteil. D. A. K. STEELE, M.D. CHICAGO, ILL. TllKRE arc at least two classes of beings that are born, not made; and if the poets consent, we would say that one of them is the surgeon. However this may be, as a general prop- osition, it will certainly be supported in Chicago in the case of Daniel Atkinson King Steele. Of good old Irish blood, his father. Rev. Daniel Steele, was born near Cookstown, County Tyrone, Ireland, in the ancient country-.seat known as "Steele's Rock," where his ancestors have lived and died for over a hundred years. Daniel Steele, the elder, was a Presbyterian minister, and after some years of missionary work in Western Ireland, he, with his young wife, Mar\- ( Leatham) Anderson, came to America, and settled in Eden, Delaware county, Ohio. In that place, on the 29th of March, 1852, was born the subject of our sketch. When Daniel was two years old his parents removed to a farm near Pinckneyville, Perry count}-, Illinois. His educa- tion began in the old log schoolhouse on Grand Cote Prairie. Besides his school duties he assisted his father on the farm, losing, perhaps, a little time for study, but gaining the inestimable ad- vantage of a youth spent in the open air. What- ever his drawbacks, at fifteen he was ready to enter the academy at Oakdale, and on the re- moval of his father to Rantoul, did excellent work as a teacher. In 1S69 he began the study of medicine under Dr. D. P. McClure, of Rantoul, at the same time acting as clerk in a drugstore. In 1870 he came to Chicago, and took a three-years' course at the Chicago Medical College, graduating in 1873. During his senior year he was Prosector of Anat- omy in the college, and immediately after gradu- ation was made Demonstrator of y\natomy at the Chicago School of Anatomy. Especially desirous of rapid ad\ancement in surgery, he took a com- petitive examination for the position of interne in the Cook County Hospital, and won, as the result, the position of house surgeon. In this capacity he continued two years, and then began general practice, at the same time acting as clini- cal assistant to the celebrated Dr. Moses Gunn, of Rush Medical College. In 1875 he was made Attending Surgeon at the South Side Free Dis- pensary, and, in 1876, Lecturer on .Surgery at the Chicago Medical College. Leaving this institu- tion in 1882, he, in company with several other prominent physicians, was greatly instrumental in founding the Chicago College of Physicians and Surgeons, which has since proven itself so invalu- able an acquisition to the medical institutions of Chicago. In this institution he acted as Professor of Orthop.nedic Surgery until 1886. At that time the resignation of the eminent Dr. Nicholas Senn, formerly of Milwaukee, left vacant the chair of Principles and Practice of Surgery and Clinical Surgery. Dr. Steele, though younger by ten years than those who usually occupy this chair, was called to fill it, which he has done with em- phatic success. Dr. Steele was one of the originators of the Chicago Biological Society, since become the Pathological Society, and is a charter member of the Chicago Medical Club, a very select organiza- tion designed for social as well as professional purposes. He was the first president of the Chi- cago Medico-Legal Society, and in 1887, ■'^"'1 again in 1890, was made president of the Medical Board of Cook County Hospital, where, for eight >-ears, he was Attending .Surgeon. In 1886 he be- came president of the Chicago .Medical Society, and in the .Slate and National medical associa- tions stands in the foremost rank. 436 niOGRAPIIlCAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. In 1888 Dr. Steele was sent by the American Medical Association as a delegate to the British Medical Association, at its annual coinention in Glasgow, Scotland. He visited the medical insti- tutions of England, France, Germany and Switz- erland, making many important investigations for the benefit of home science. Much of this in- formation he has since embodied in a paper entitled " A Chicago Physician's Impressions and Observations of European Surgery." His re- searches were much furthered by the acquaint- ance of such men as Lister, MacCormick and Heath, of London ; Martin, of Berlin, and Mc- Ewan, of Glasgow. Apropos of a little matter which came up during this visit, Dr. Steele after- ward opened with an eminent English physician the correspondence on professional etiquette which attracted so much attention at home and abroad. Not a great while after this Dr. Steele again visited Europe, this time as a delegate to the Ninth International Medical Congress, held at Berlin. A pleasure excursion as well as a pro- fessional obligation, this trip took him through Vienna, Rome, the galleries of Florence, Munich and all the principal points of interest on the Continent. During the past year Dr. Steele has taken a very active part in the founding of one of the noblest institutions of which our city boasts — the Public Medical Library of Chicago, under the leadership of Dr. N. S. Davis. So well is Dr. Steele known as a writer that it is needless to say more than that his contributions to medical litera- ture are as valuable as they are numerous. He is a Republican, a member of the Presby- terian Church, and as to his personal character, that can best be judged from the words of one of the foremost physicians of the city : " Dr. Steele is an extremely busy and successful practitioner, constantly overburdened by demands for his serv- ices, socially and professionally. He is a man of the highest and purest character, an industrious and ambitious student, and a gifted teacher of surgery. Genial in disposition, unobtrusive and unassuming, he is himself patient under adverse criticism, and in his expressions concerning brother practitioners is friendly and indulgent." In 1876 Dr. Steele was married to Miss Alice L. Tomlinson, daughter of Sheldon Tomlinson. Esq., an old and prominent citizen of Champaign count)-, Illinois. Mrs. Steele is a woman of un- usual intellectual qualities, deeply interested in her husband's professional work, and in the home a most amiable hostess. ARTHUR DIXON, CHICAGO, ILL. ARTHUR DIXON is one of Chicago's most respected citizens; his private character is one to be admired and loved ; his public rccnrtl is without a blemish. Throughout his life he has been actuated by pure motives and nianh' princi- ples, and by following a fi.xed purpose tn make the most and best of himself, he has overcome many difficulties and risen stc]) b\' step to a place of influence and honor among ]uihlic-spirited, high-minded men. lie is of Scotch-Irish descent, and was born Mrch 27, 1837, in h'ermanagh County, North of Ireland, in the charming rural district of Lough- killygreen, the son of Arthur and Jane (.Allen) Di.Non. The former was a Scotchman, whose father and brother held commissions in the Brit- ish arnu'. His father was a man of niore than ortiinar\- intelligence, and by occupation was a farmer and a country school teacher. He also ])racticed with considerable success as a country attorney. lie hail four sons and one daughter, Elizabeth Carson, wife of Thomas Carson of Chicago; they are the onl_\' two survivors, and from him .Arthur rccei\ctl his early instructions, antl inherited many sterling traits of character that ha\e sig- nally characterized his life. His memory, as well as that of his mother, is held in sacred remem- brance b\' the son. and he never speaks of them except with feelings of most tender and affection- ate regard. Arthur attended the district and national schools during his boyhood, and early developed a fonilness for mathematics, logic, histor\- and niOGRAl'HICAL D/Cr/OX.tRV .IXP PORTR.UT ClLLrRV. 439 ciucstions of moral and social ethics. Ho was an apt scholar and read much, and took a livclx- interest in all stirring questions of the day, and watched with boyish enthusiasm and delij^ht the pro5:;ress of events. He loved home and its envir- onments and attended regularly the Episcopalian and Methodist Sunday Schools and services. The discipline of those early years, and the influ- ence of his surroundings during the formative period of his character, left an impression that has marked all his subsequent life. He had read glowing reports of the Republic across the Atlan- tic, and early resolved to go thither and seek his fortune, and when eighteen years old, put his res- olution into action. Going to Philadelphia, Penn- sylvania, where he had some friends, he remained with them for a time and on July 4, 1858, went to Pittsburgh and spent three years in the nurserj' busine-ss, learning tree planting and grafting. In 1861 Mr. Dixon began clerking in the grocery house of Mr. G. C. Cook, at Chicago, but soon afterwards opened a retail grocery store on his own account and conducted it with good suc- cess some two years. In the spring of 1863 he established a general teaming business at No. 299 Wells street, now Fifth avenue, being led into that line of business by seemingly a mere acci- dental circumstance. He had been obliged to take a team of horses and wagon in payment of a grocery debt, and with them he began that busi- ness which, under his careful and skillful manage- ment, has prospered and grown until it is now ( 1892) the largest of its kind west of New York City. Mr. Di.xon has been untiring in his vigi- lance in watching the interests of his patrons, among whom are many whose business he has done for nearly thirty years. Financially, the business has yielded most satisfactory results, and for many years its proprietor has been known as one of Chicago's prosperous and thrifty business men. Mr. Dixon has been prominently identi- fied with many public interests, and has been a well-known character in Chicago for thirty years. During the war of the rebellion he was active in response to the calls of President Lincoln in enlisting and equipping men for the service. He became especially prominent in 1866 by the active part he took in the establishment of the fire limits, which was then agitating, and in the sjiring of the following year was elected Alder- man from the second ward of Chicago, on the same ticket with e.x-Mayor Rice. From that time un- til April, 1S91, when he voluntarily declined to longer remain a member of the City Council, he was re-elected with increased majorities, and some- times without opposition, and has the honor of having served longer than any other Alderman of Chicago. He was often called " The Nestor of the Aldermen." Arthur Dixon was presented bj- a delegation, January i, with the following resolution, richly bound and superbly illumined and engrossed. This volume is prized as one of his richest treas- ures; .At a regular meeting of the City Council of the City of Chicago held .April 27, 1891, the following preamble and regulations, endorsing the official actions of Alderman Arthur Dixon, were unanimously adopted : Whereas, The City Council of the City of Chicago is about to lose the servipcs of its oldest and best-known mem- ber, through his voluntary and we hope temporary retire- ment from the political field of action, Resolved, That we, the colleagues, some of many years, others of short acquaintance, tender to Alderman Dixon on this occasion the expression ot our heartiest good wishes for his future, and also the expression of our appreciation of the loss which the Council and the City sustain through his withdrawal from our municipal legislature; Resolv.d, That we place on record our conviction of his great public worth, his zeal for honest and economical gov- ernment, his sincere interest in the cause of the taxpayers, and his undoubted and unquestioned ability in every position assigned to him, and further we record the expression of our hope that his zeal, his earnestness and ability may soon be utilized for the public in some new capacity; and be it further Resolved, That the City Clerk be, and is hereby directed to spread this preamble and the resolutions upon the records of the Council, and to present to Alderman .Arthur Dixon a suitably engrossed copy of the same. Hemp. W.\shi!IRNE, Mayor. J.^MES R. R. Van Ci.eavk, City Clerk. He has been editorially described in the Chi- cago papers as " The careful guardian of the City's interests against the assaults of boodlers, corruptionists and monopolists," and was called the watch-dog of the citj' treasury- In 1S74, after a bitter contest, he was chosen President of the City Council, and he was re-elected to the same honorable position for six years. He served as chairman of all important committees at various times, and on many occasions was elected unanimously. As a member of the .Mder- manic council Mr. Dixon was a recognized le;ider in debate, a [iracticed parliamentarian of the city 440 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY A.XD PORTRAIT GALLERY. charter. He advocated among other important measures, that of the city's owning her own gas plant : high water pressure ; building sewers by special assessnnents ; the creation of a public library ; the annexation of the suburbs ; the build- ing of viaducts over railway crossings; the drain- age law ; the city's receiving the interest on her public funds; the extension of the fire limits, etc. He opposed the erection of elevated railroads upon public thoroughfares, and is one of a com- mittee of three favoring a subway connecting Michigan boulevard with the Lake shore drive. He was appointed, by the Mayor, one of the exec- utive committee of arrangement for the World's Columbian Exposition, and was also one of the committee that helped in arranging and passing the ordinance providing for the loan of five mil- lion dollars for the Exposition. In April, 1892, he was elected a director of the Exposition and his services and counsels in that capacity have been invaluable in the prosecution of this enormous enterprise. Mr. Dixon represented the First Senatorial District in the Twenty-seventh General Assembly of Illinois, and as a member of that body had charge of measures and rendered services of great value to the city of Chicago. Among the bills introduced by him and passed was that provid- ing for the location of the Chicago Public Library, the drainage canal, and that authorizing the one mill tax and special assessment. For over twenty years he has been a member of the City and County Republican Central com- mittees, and many times chairman of the same. In 1868 he was the first president of the Irish-Re- publican organization in Chicago, and the follow- ing year was president of the National Irish-Re- publican convention held in Chicago, and was elected treasurer of that organization. In iSjj he was a prominent candidate for Congress, and lacked but a few votes of receiving the nomina- tion. He was a delegate in the National Conven- tion, in 1880, that nominated James A. Garfield for the Presidency. In all his public career Mr. Dixon has maintained a character above reproach, and all his actions have been straight-forward, business-like and in the interest of good govern- ment. He became a member of the Masonic fraternity in 1865, and is now a life member of the Chapter, the Commandery Knights Templar, and the thirty-second degree of Scottish rite. He is also a member of the Union League, La Salle, Hamilton, Irish-American and Sheridan clubs and has held ofificial positions in most of them at different times. He has also been presi- dent of the Irish Literary Society, and is a man of a literary turn of mind. His library contains the choicest books of the best editions, finely bound and carefully selected, containing a due proportion of religious, scientific, poetic, philo- sophic and humorous volumes. Here, among his silent but eloquent companions, Arthur Dixon finds the chief charm and pleasure of his life. Mr. Dixon was raised in the Episcopalian faith, but for many years has been prominently identi- fied with the First Methodist Church, of Chicago, and is one of the Trustees of that organization. He has always taken an active part in religious work and for twenty-five years has taught a Bible class of young men in Sunday School. In 1862 Mr. Dixon married Miss Anna Carson, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and by her has had fourteen children, thirteen of whom survive. Domestic in his tastes, and home-loving, he finds no place so attractive as his own fire-side, and there, in the company of his estimable wife and merry, light-hearted, happy children, passes his happiest hours. His personal qualities are of a high order; while firm in his own convictions, he is tolerant of the views of others who differ from him in o[)inicin. He is liberal, broad-minded and charitable, and in his dealings with his fellow-men is unselfish, gen- erous and the soul of honor. He is a man of strictly temperate habits, and virtuous and upright in every relation of life. In a word, Mr. Arthur Dixon is a Christian gentle- man. He is six feet tall with a well-pniportioned physique, of fair complexion and robust health and weighs over two hundred pounds. Rev. William Farwsitt, D. D., pastor of the First Methodist Church of Chicago, says : "Mr. Arthur Dixon has been a member of the First Methodist Church, in this city, for over thirty years, and the greater part of that time he has held ofificial positions in the church. He is also a Trustee of the great First Church property, and in the distribution of the funds for the aid of Mission lilOGRArUICAI. IUCT/OX.UkV .t.\/i rORT/i.UT i,.\I.U-.libie class in the Sabb.ith School of the First Church, and out from that class, and from his instructions men have gone into leading positions in the Methodist Church in Chicago, and through the countrj-. It is not an uncom- mon thing to find men in all parts of the country who attribute the highest impulse of their lives to the instruction they received in his Bible class. Perhaps the best evidence of Mr. Di.xon's Chris- tian character and influence is found in his own home, where a large family of sons and daughters love him dearly and have the faith of their father by their association and work in the Methodist Church. If, as some one has said, 'the best evi- dence of a man's Christian character is what his children think of his Christianity,' then is Arthur Dixon an honored Christian." EDWARD WILLIAM RUSSELL, CHICAGO, ILL. AMONG the lawyers who began practicing at the Chicago bar in the early years of its history as a city, many found it more profitable to confine themselves largely to an office practice than to engage in the active litigation of causes. While it has followed that lawyers of this class have achieved as much professional distinction, they have received less professional notoriety than some of their contemporaries. The jury lawyer who successfully conducts his client through the uncertain mazes of litigation, always achieves greater notoriety than his col- league who devotes himself to that branch of practice which is designed to keep clients out of court; but the latter is, perhaps, the more useful public servant of the two, and deserves no less honorable mention. One of the noted lawyers of this class is Edward William Russell, who set- tled in Chicago in 1858, and for thirty-three years has been a practicing attorney of the Chi- cago bar. Mr. Russell was born in Sunderland, l-nuiklin county, Massachusetts, July 2, 1834, of pure Puritan stock. He is the son of William W. and Lucretia (Delano) Russell. His mother was a direct descendant of John and I'riscilla Alden, made famous in song by Longfellow. On his father's side, among the earliest ances tors in this country, was the Rev. John Rus- sell, the first Congregational minister who settled in Hadlcy, Ma.ssachusetts. His father was a farmer, and the lad had the training usual to farm life, " being a boy " of the genuine New England stamp of those days, alternating his work on the farm with the studies in the district school, enjoying, however, some additional educational ad\'antages, as a result of which we find him, at the age of seventeen, graduating from Williston Seminary, of East Hampton, Massachusetts. From the age of seventeen to twenty he taught school, and at the same time devoted his leisure to reading law. He afterward continued his law studies in the office of Messrs. Wilcox & Gray, at Detroit, Michigan, where he was admitted to the bar in 1858. During the same year he re- moved to Chicago, with the view of making it his permanent home. In 1861 he formed a co- partnership with Francis S. Howe Esq., then a highly esteemed member of the bar, under the firm name of Howe & Russell. This firm maintained an honorable and prominent position at the Chicago bar, until it was dissolved by the death of Mr. Howe, in 1878, since which time Mr. Russell has practiced law without a partner, devoting his energies to corporation and real estate law, and acting as counsel. For years he has been the general counsel for the Illinois Trust and Savings Bank and several other large corporations. Mr. Russell was married in St. James Church, Chicago, June, 1864, to Miss Maria Jesup, of Albany, New York. The union has been blessed with two daughters and one son. In politics Mr. Russell is a staunch Republican, though never an office-holder nor an ofificc-seeker. He is one of those men who is wedded to his pro- fession. " The law," says an old ma.xim, " is an exacting mistress, and he who would become one 44 : BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXAKY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. of her votaries must give her all his time and at- tention." This seems to be the view which Mr. Russell has taken of his profession, and he has devoted himself diligently and assiduously to the duties of active practice. Mr. Russell is an able ad\ocatc, a law)er who knows the law, and a counselor who advises clients carefully and conscientiously. He is not less es- teemed as a citizen of Chicago than as a member of the bar, and his kindly impulses and charming cor- diality of manner have made him popular among all classes of people. HENRY HOWEY SHUFELDT, CHIC.-\GO, ILL. THE subject of this sketch was born in Dutchess county. New York, March 30, 1834. His father, George A. Shufeldt, was an Adiniialty lawyer in New York City, whose ancestors were Hanoverians who came to this country in 1702, and were granted lands on the Hudson river by Queen Anne. His mother was the daughter of an English clergyman who came to this country in 1783, and whose grandfather was for fifty-four years in charge of one church in Wooler, Northumberland, England. The grand- father of Mr. Shufeldt was intimately associated, after coming to this countrj-, with Chancellor Liv- ingston, and his mother was a child-companion of the distinguished Chancellor. She died at the age of ninety-si.x. At the last interview of this son with his mother, in reply t<> the question, "Do you remember Robert l'\ilton?" she said: "I sat on the lap of Chancellor LivingstdU when Robert Fulton made the contract with him re- garding the running of the first steamboat on the Hudson river." Mr. Shufeldt was educated in the common schools of his native county, and afterward went through the grammar school of Columbia Col- lege, then in charge of Charles Anthon, and the Kingston Academy in Ulster county, in which his father had been prepared for Union College, of which the distinguished Doctor Nott was then president. An inclination for the sea, inherited from an ancestry of sailors and naval people, was fostered by the reading of Marryat's sea novels, and at the age of sixteen, in the year 1 850, he went to sea. Between the years 1850 and 1857 he made seventy voyages to the West Indies as sailor and navigating officer, one voyage around the world and several across the Atlantic. He was in China tluring tin- great Taeping Rebellion and was shut up for a number of months in the Yang-tse-Kiang river during the siege of Shanghai. A brother of his is the present Admiral Shufeldt of the United States navy, who was instrumental in securing the Corean treaty with China, which no other power had been able to do. In the last month of the year 1857 Mr. Shufeldt settled in Chicago and has remained there ever since. In 1858 he went into the distilling busi- ness, and the well-known firm of H. H. Shufeldt & Company has from that time, without change of name, been one of the leading houses of that branch of business in the country. The relations of this great hou.se with the United States govern- ment have always been of the most honorable character, and it has paid in taxes to the govern- ment, without attempt at evasion, some eighty million dollars. Mr. Shufeldt retired from active business in June, 1 89 1. In 1859 ^Ir. Shufeldt married Miss Emeline Egan, a daughter of William B. Egan, a physi- cian, whose name is prominently associated with the history of Chicago, and who is remem- bered by many of its older residents. By this union Mr. Shufeldt has three children, all married — one daughter living at Seattle, on the Pacific coast, another in New York City and one son living in Chicago. In religion and politics Mr. Shufeldt is a man of liberal and independent views. As a citizen, while entertaining enlightened views on public questions, he is in no respect a partisan. Socially, Mr. Shufeldt is one of the most cordial and engaging of men. His elegant city residence and his beautiful country seat at Oconomowoc, where he delights to spend his summers, are open to a wide and generous hospitality. In business he is sagacious and enterprising, as the great cU^ BIOGR.irillCAl. DICT/OXARY .IXD I'ORTRAIT GALLERY. 445 success of the house that bears his name attests, is always ready to espouse the cause of any one His business methods have been a model which who has any claim on him whatever, and there is other houses have sought to imitate. In his no doubt that his success and popularity have relation to employes and customers he is sym- been largely owing to this warm personal interest pathetic and makes their interests his own. He he takes in the success and welfare of others. WILLIAM LAW, JR. CHICAGO, ILL. AMONG the names of distinguished members of the Chicago bar, that of William Law, Jr., is conspicuous. He was born on January 31, 184I, in Hancock county, Illinois. He is the son of Dr. William Law, now a retired plusiciaii of prominence of ShuUsburg, Wisconsin. His jxirents came from the North of Ireland and settled in ShuUsburg, where William received his elementary education from a private tutor, and continued his studies in the I'lattsville Academy. In 1859 he commenced the study of law, the practice of which was to be his life profession. He entered the office of Messrs. Higher & Law, at ShuUsburg, and later pursued his studies with Mr. Oscar Taylor, in Freeport, Illinois. In January, 1861, he entered the office of the late Hon. Jas. H. Knowlton, a lawyer eminent at the Chicago bar, under whose preceptorship he com- pleted his course of study. He was admitted to the bar in 1862, and immediately commenced the practice of his profession. In 1864 he located in Boise City, the capital of Idaho Territory, where he was actively engaged in most of the important litigation of the Idaho courts during his residence there, and was for some time clerk of the United States District Court and also for a while Acting United States Attorney. He returned to Chicago in 1866, and his career at the Chicago bar has been marked with ability. His practice has been general and extended to all of the courts, and while it has not been confined to any one branch of law, still his experience in corporation law has brought him in prominent connection with some of the most im])ortant cases of corporation litigation in the histor>- of Chicago. He was county attorney for two jx-ars, which position he filled to the satisfaction of the community. He is at present (1892) a director in and the legal advisor of the Northwestern Masonic ^Aid Association of Chicago, and he is very prominent in Masonic circles. He was created a Mason in 1S67, in Ashlar Lodge, No. 308, A. F. and A. M. He has reached the thirty-second degree of Masoiir)'. He is a member of Montjoie Com- mandery, K. T., and a life-member of the Oriental Consistory. In social circles he is much esteemed. He is a member of the Home and Harvard clubs of Englewood, and of the Sunset Club of Chicago. He is also a prominent member of the La Salle Club, and was at one time vice-president of it. In politics he is a staunch and zealous advocate of Democratic principles. He always takes an active interest in politics, and he has always, both by voice and pen, endeavored to assist his party during its campaigns. In 1868 he married Miss Kate Zimmerman, a daughter of Henry W. Zimmerman, one of Chicago's pioneer settlers. They have one daughter, named Genevieve, a young lady of fifteen, who is quite accomplished. Mr. Law has four brothers and one sister. T. J. Law, one of his brothers, is an ex-judge of Lafayette County Court and editor and proprietor of the Peck and Gad. He is well and favorably known throughout the state of Wisconsin. An- other brother, Dr. John Law, is an eminent physician of Leadville, Colorado, and another is a merchant in Darlington, Wisconsin. His only sister is the wife of Mr. George W. Douglass, ])resident of the ShuUsburg (Wis.) Bank. Mr. Law is an able, well-read attorney, and dis- criminating in his practice. He is considered an elotjuent advocate and reliable counselor. He is honorable and honest in his professional advice, consulting the interests of his clients, and is noted 446 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY A.XD PORTRAIT GALLERY. for his devotion to those who intrust their affairs to him. He commands the respect of the courts, and the confidence and esteem of his fellows. He is of dignified carriage and of commanding presence, and has fine, clear-cut features and a striking personality. His mind has been stored with useful knowledge, which he has culled from observation and from contact with many different people as well as from study. He is an interest- ing conversationalist and always courteous and affable. With a character above reproach, an ambitious nature, and having the courage of his convictions, he is loved by his friends and hon- ored by all who know him. JASON H. SHEPARD, CHICAGO, ILL. JASON H. SHEPARD was born on October 15, 1838, at Cleveland, O. He was reared and educated in that vicinity, and resided there until his twenty-fifth year, when he removed to Chicago. After obtaining a thorough common- school education, at the age of sixteen he began his business career by teaching school. Two years later he embarked on the sea of mercantile life by entering as clerk the supply store of the Cleve- land Rolling Mill Company, located at Newburg, a suburb of Cleveland. He became their chief clerk, and also at one time had entire charge of the Cleveland Rolling Mill Company's supply store, thus showing that even in his very young days Mr. Shepard was looked upon as a young man deserving of confi- dence, and also as one capable of having control of the executive branches of a large mercantile business. To show that they appreciated his en- deavors to attend to their best interests, they ten- dered him the position of bookkeeper and cashier for the Union Rolling Mill Company, of Chicago, now the Illinois Steel Company, an offshoot of the Cleveland corporation. He accepted the position and entered upon his new duties in Chi- cago in 1863. In 1868 he resigned, and entered into copart- nership with John Dolese, establishing the paving and quarrying business of Dolese & Shepard. To show how successful the partnership has been, one has merely to state that the firm is acknowl- edged by all acquainted in that line of business to be undoubtedly the best known on this conti- nent ; and the name of the firm will survive in memory long after the natural term of life of the present partners has expired, as their work on the boulevards and drives of Chicago will be remem- bered and spoken of long after the present gener- ation lies underneath the sod. Mr. Shepard has charge of the contracting and financial part of the business, whilst his partner attends to the execution of the contracts. Mr. Shepard is prominently known in financial and commercial circles, and enjoys the very high- est reputation for honesty and integrity. He is a member of the Calumet, Washington Park and Union League clubs. He is a member of Hesperia Lodge. No. 411, A. F. and A. M., and of Chevalier Bayard Com- mandery. No. 52, K. T. He was reared in the State of Ohio, aptly called by an eloquent histo- rian, " the lap of patriotism and the mother of Re- publicanism ;" he has followed the teachings of his father, and is prominently known as a staunch Republican. He has never desired a political position, but he has been brought prominently be- fore the citizens as an available candidate for the mayoralty, but made no effort for the nomination. His father was a lieutenant in the Sixth Ohio Vol- unteer Cavalry, and spent eighteen months of the war enduring the suffering and cruelty of the Southern military prisons ; his brother was one of the first to respond to Lincoln's call and enlisted in the same regiment upon the call for ninety- day men ; he afterward re-enlisted for the balance of the war. On December 16, 1868, Mr. Shepard was mar- ried to Miss Margaret M. Taylor, of Portland, Me. They have two children — Henri Elias and Laura Janet. Mr. Shepard is a most courteous gentleman, a man of prepossessing appearance, dignified and commanding, sought by men of culture for his social qualities and gentlemanly bearing, respected i /"/y BIOCRArmCAI. DICTIOXARV AXn PORTRAIT CA/./.ERV. 449 ill the c(ininumity, and at the hchii of a most what h(>iicst\- ami integrity combined with fore- prosperous business ; ho is another picture of sight and grit have done for a number of men. HON. CHAUNCEY M. DEPKW, LL.D. NEW YORK. CHAUNCKV M. UErEW, Commissioner of the World's Columbian Exposition, was born in Peekskill. New York, April 3, 1834. His father, Isaac Depew , was a prominent citizen oi Peeks- kill, and his mother, born Martha Mitchell, was a lady of marked personal beauty and fine accom- plishments, and a member of a New England family whose most illustrious representative was Roger Sherman, one of the signers of the Decla- ration of Independence, she being a granddaughter of the Rev. Jusiah Sherman, the brother of Roger. Her father, Chauncey R. Mitchell, was a distinguished lawyer, and famous for his elo- quence. Her mother, Ann Johnston, was a daughter of Judge Robert Johnston, of Putnam county, who was Senator and Judge for many years, and owned Lake Mahopac, and much of the country thereabouts. Mr. Depew's remote ancestors were French Huguenots, who quit the inhospitable land of their nativity about the time of the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, in 1685, and were of those who founded New Rochelle, Westchester county. New York, in honor of La Rochelle, France, which their Huguenot progeni- tors had defended with dauntless courage against the assaults of their persecutors. The family settled in Peekskill two hundred years ago, and the farm purchased at that lime still belongs to them. Mr. Depew's boyhood was spent in his native village, and here he was prepared for col- lege. He was known as an apt scholar, as a leader among his fellows, and as giving unmistakable promise of future brilliancy and usefulness. At the age of eighteen he entered Yale, and in 1856 was graduated with one of the first honors of his class. The year of his graduation was signalized in a political way by the organization of the Re- publican party, and his first vote for President of the United States was cast for John C. Fremont. In 1S60 he took the stump for Abraham Lincoln for president, and during the campaign addressed many large and enthusiastic audiences in the Ninth Congressional District, and in other parts of New "S'ork where he was best known, and was hailed with delight wherever he went. In 1861 Mr. Depew was nominated for the Assembly in the Third Westchester County District, and although the Democrats were largely in the ascendant in the county, and hopeful of the district, he was elected by a majority of two hundred and fifty-nine, a high compliment to his personal popularity. He was re-elected in 1S62, and his name was prom- inently associated with the Speakership. He was made Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means, was part of the time Speaker /ro/i-w., and was honored as but few legislators of his experi- ence and years are ever honored. Mr. Depew was chosen by the Republican party as its candidate for Secretary of State, and the campaign was an exciting one. Mr. Depew took the aggressive from the start, and led his forces with consummate skill and with an energy and dash that carried consternation into the ranks of the enemy. At the close of the contest he had reversed the decision of 1862 and was proclaimed the victor by a majority of 30,000. In this can- vass, Mr. Depew displayed prodigious power of endurance. He discharged the duties of his office with credit to himself and honor to the State ; and upon the expiration of his term, was tendered a renomination by his party, which he unhesitat- ingly declined. When Andrew Johnson succeeded to the Presidency of the United States, and before he broke with the party which had associated his name with that of Abraham Lincoln and elevated him to power, he selected Mr. Depew for the post of Collector of the Port of New York, and had proceeded in the business so far as to make out the commission ; but becoming incensed against Mr. Edwin D. Morgan, then one of the Senators from New York, becau.sc of that gentleman's refusal to sustain his veto of the Civil Rights liill, he tore up Mr. Depew's credentials, and never sent his name to the Senate for confirmation. 450 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. Still later, in the same administration, the Secretary of State, William H. Seward, appointed Mr. Depew United States Minister to Japan, and for a time he was disposed to accept ; but after hold- ing his commission for four weeks Mr. Depew declined the office, with the determination to withdraw from political life. In 1866 Mr. Depew was appointed the attorney for the New York & Harlem Railroad Company, and in 1869, when this company was consolidated with the New York Central, and became the New York Central & Hudson River Railroad Company, with Commodore Vanderbilt at its head, Mr. Depew was made the attorney of the new organ- ization, and was afterward elected a member of its Board of Directors. As the influence of the Vanderbilts extended, and one road after another was brought under their management, the range of Mr. Depew's official jurisdiction became corre- spondingly wider, and in 1875 he was promoted to be general counsel for the entire Vanderbilt system, and elected to a directorship in each of the lines comprising it, in which, in addition to the New York Central & Hudson River, are included the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern, Michigan Central, Chicago & North-western, St. Paul & Omaha, West Shore and Nickel Plate Railroads. In 1872 he permitted the use of his name as a candidate for Lieutenant-Governor on the Liberal-Republican, or Greely, ticket; but his party was unsuccessful, and he shared its fate. In 1874 he was the choice of the Legislature for Re- gent of the State University, and was also ap- pointed one of the commissioners to build the Capitol at Albany. On the 4th of March, 1881, James A. Garfield was inaugurated President of the United States, and on the i6th of May following, the Hon. Roscoe Conkling and the Hon. Thos. C. Piatt, United States Senators from New York, resigned their seats in the Senate ; the former for the term to e.xpire March 3, 1885, and the latter to close March 3, 1887. Soon after the organization of the Cabinet it became evident that there was to be trouble between the President and the senior Senator from New York ; and as time passed the President's attitude toward Mr. Conkling became intolerable to the Senator, while on the other hand Mr. Conkling's bearing toward the President was not even remotely suggestive of submission or concession. Mr. Piatt shared in the feelings and convictions of his colleague and the resigna- tion of both was the outcome of this disagree- ment. Mr. Conkling had long been the leader of the Republican party in the Senate and in the State he had so ably represented ; and the an- nouncement of his withdrawal from the Senate had a bewildering effect upon the party through- out the whole country. Governor Cornell advised the Legislature of the resignation of the Senators, and on the 51st of May the two houses balloted separately for their successors. The Republicans had a majority in each House, and after the first ballot went into joint convention. Mr. Depew was pressed into the lists by many of the most influential men in the Republican party, and yielded reluctant assent to the use of his name. He was regarded by his friends as the man above all others worthy to succeed Mr. Conkling, if Mr. Conkling could not be his own successor ; and it was deemed practicable to present him for Mr. Piatt's unexpired term, which had two years longer to run. The first ballot for a Senator to succeed Mr. Piatt was distributed amongst eighteen candidates. In the ballot under consid- eration, Mr. Depew divided the honors with Mr. Piatt, who had been elected by this same Legisla- ture, and led Governor Cornell handsomely. The Republicans had held no caucus, and now went into joint convention without formal consultation or agreement. On the second joint ballot, Mr. Depew tied Mr. Piatt ; on the third, he led him by two ; on the seventh, he forged gallantly ahead to the tune of si.xteen ; on the tenth, he led him by twenty-six, and on the fourteenth he moved readily away from his strongest competitor by twenty-nine, leaving all the others to bring up the rear with but a feeble showing of .speed or strength. On the nineteenth ballot Mr. Depew only lacked ten votes of an election, and on the thirty-fourth this record was repeated ; other ballots carried him very near to the goal. His friends stood by him with unflagging loyalty, and in such numbers as to demonstrate beyond all question that he was the man for the occasion, and the choice of a majority of his party's representatives. On the ninth ballot he had a majority of three over all the other candidates; on the tenth, seven ; and, finally, when a caucus was held and a candidate nominated, the entire caucus only numbered BIQGR.irniCAl. DJCTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. 451 twelve more than the highest number of votes given to Mr. Depew. On the morning of the 2d of J ul\- the deadly bullet of the assassin, Guiteau, struck down the President of the United States, James A. Garfield, and the heart of the nation was thrilled with horror. In the presence of this awful calamity the people stood awe-struck and dumb, and sad- ness, mourning and a fearful sense of insecurity spread all over the land. The effect of this appalling tragedy upon the minds of men need not be described here. The story has been told in letters of fire. To many it seemed as if a serious crisis had been reached in the life of the Republic, but in the calm that ensued men saw with clearer vision, and reason and confidence were soon restored again, and mingled with the prayers of the people for the preservation of the life of their President. The New York legislature had adjourned upon the announcement of the tragedy, and when it reassembled, the more thoughtful men of the Republican party felt that the senatorial contests should be brought to a close as decently and speedily as possible. Mr. Depew was the first to point out the duty of the hour, and, after the fortieth ballot had shown his undiminished strength, he withdrew from the field. In his letter to the convention he said : " Neither the State nor the part)' can afford to have New York unrepresented in the national councils. A great crime has plunged the nation into sorrow, and in the midst of the prayers and the tears of the whole people, supplicating for the recovery and weeping over the wound of the President, this partisan strife should cease." To those who had fought with pride and unquench- able zeal under his flag, he made grateful and touching acknowledgment, and said : "Their de- votion will be the pride of my life, and the heri- tage of my children." On the 8th of July, Mr. Depew having withdrawn, a caucus of the Repub- lican members was held, and the number present, as we have already stated, was only twelve more than the highest number of votes cast for Mr. Depew. The Hon. Warner Miller was nominated by the caucus, and the nomination was ratified in joint convention on the forty-eighth ballot. Mr. Conkling's successor was not electeil until the 22d of July. After fifty-five ballots had been cast, a meeting of the Republicans was held, and it was resolved to meet in caucus at throe o'clock in the afternoon of the day named. On the call of the roll, Elbridge G. Lapham received si.xty-one votes, Roscoe Conkling twenty-eight, and the nomina- tion of the former was made unanimous. An hour later Mr. Lapham was elected United States Senator ; and thus was brought to a close the great dual contest for the places made vacant by the resignations of Senators Conkling and Piatt. In 1884 the Republicans of all factions in the Legislature, being in a majority of nearly two- thirds, tendered the United States Senatorship to Mr. Depew, but he had become committed to so many business and professional trusts he felt compelled to decline the honor. In 1882 William H. Vandcrbilt retired from the presidency of the New York Central, and the management was reorganized. Mr. James H. Rutter was made president, and Mr. Depew second vice-president. Upon the death of Mr. Rutter, in 1885, Mr. Depew was elevated to the presidency, and is now the executive head of one of the largest and most prosperous railroad corporations in the world, with untold wealth at his back, and with an influence commensurate with the vast interests of the great Vandcrbilt system of railroads, and not even circumscribed by these limits. This sketch of Mr. Depew would fall far short of doing him justice if it failed to take into account the warmth and depth of his social nature, the inflexible probity of his character, and his broad and generous sympathies toward his fellow-men. He has an abundant measure of the afTectionate nature which distinguished Henrj- Clay, and which made him the idol of such a circle of friends as no other American statesman could ever boast of. He is loyal to his friends, and they are unswerving in their devotion to him; he is tolerant of men's convictions while firm in maintaining his own ; he delights in speaking well of others, and, above all, finds infinite satisfaction in doing good. While he has back of him enor- mous wealth, and can count among his friends the noblest in the land, he is never unmindful of the claims of the less fortunate who are entitled to his consideration. Mr. Depew was married to Llise Hegeman on the 9th of November, 1871, and has one child, a .son. Notwithstanding the constant demands upon his time and best thoughts by public affairs. 452 BIOCRArillCAL niCTIOXARV AXn /'OR TRAIT iJAJJJCRV. by the many railroad and financial corporations in attendant, it is in his own home, with his wife and which he is an active director, and by the socic- family, that his large-hearted and large-minded ties and clubs of which he is always a welcome manhood finds its favored sphere and chief delight. DR. JOHN E. OILMAN, CHICAGO, ILL. WHEN the great fire swept away the city of Chicago, in 1 871, it made room for a new city. It was not the resurrection of the old Chi- cago which followed that memorable conflagra- tion, but the evolution of a new met'-opolis, differing from and in every respect immeasurably the superior of the old one. It is true the new city has some of the distinguishing characteristics of the old one, but there are just enough of them to clearly establish the fact of a common origin. In appearance the Chicago which disappeared in flame and smoke a little more than twenty years ago, was a provincial town compared with the magnificent city which we find occupying the same site to-day. Compared with the massive business blocks of the present city, the buildings in which the trade of the old Chicago was carried on were very shabby structures, and the fine residences of twenty years ago would hardly be regarded now as fairly respectable tenement- houses. What were looked upon at that time as business enterprises of vast magnitude, would scarcely attract passing notice to-day, and the influence of the old city upon the trade and commerce of the country was small compared with what it now is. While Chicago has been making such striilcs in the march of progress as have no parallel in the history of cities, a corresponding change has taken place in the character of its citizens. The men who have built up the new city of Chicago, are the men who were tried by the ordeal of fire in 1 87 1, and demonstrated at that time that they were men of irrepressible force and energy, of iron nerve and indomitable courage. To have lifted the stricken city out of its own ashes and placed it on its own footing would have been a great undertaking; but to lift it to the much higher plane which it now occupies, has been aHerculean task, only accomplished by the united effort of all loyal Chicagoans. Not the least important result of this united effort has been what may be called its reflex action upon those who participated in it, and the people of Chicago generally, having been compelled by force of circumstances to make a long, strong pull together, and having witnessed the magnificent results of that effort, have gotten into the habit of working unitedly and harmoniously for any- thing which promises to contribute to the growth, importance or attractiveness of the city. This is the secret of success which has attended the efforts of Chicago to secure national political conventions and other similarly attractive gather- ings, when brought into sharp competition with other cities of the country within the past ten years. It is also the secret of success which has crowned the efforts of the metropolis of the West to secure the World's Columbian Exposition of 1892-93. It may be said, therefore, that when we look at the Chicago of to-day and compare it with the Chicago of 1871, we discover that the fire not only burned away the old, ugly and unsightly buildings, and made room for those which are models of their kind, but it also scorched to death the petty rivalries, jealousies and bicker- ings of her business and professional men, and made room for the broad liberality which char- acterizes their dealings with each other at the present time. Nowhere is this spirit of liberality more notice- able than among those professional gentlemen who are generally supposed to be, above all others, inclined to serious disagreements and bit- ter controversies — the gentlemen of the medical profession. It is said by those who are in a position to know, that in no other city in the United States do the different schools of medi- cine affiliate to the same extent that they do in Chicago. The beginning of this era of good feel- ing in the medical fraternity of Chicago, like many i^,»v rccA DJOGRAnilCAL V/CT/O.Wth'V A.V/1 PORTRAIT GALLERY. 455 other beneficent intluenccs, dates back to the fire. It was at that time, when the tempest of flame swept over the city, leaving thousands of people homeless and destitute, when chaos reigned every- where, and when the sick and suffering were driven into the streets, to huddle together here and there without food, medicine or shelter, that a prominent allopathic physician, and a young, but promising homtcopathic practitioner proffered their services at the same time to the citizens' committee, which had undertaken to restore order, to care for the sick and distressed, and relieve as far as possible the general distress. When the committee on "sick and hospitals " was regularlj- organized. Dr. H. A. Johnson, the physician above alluded to, was made chairman of the committee, and Dr. John E. Oilman, the homoe- opathic physician, became secretary of the same committee. The time had been in Chicago, as in every other city, when gentlemen representing these two antagonistic schools of medicine could not have met each other half way on a single proposition, or acted three-quarters of an hour harmoniously together. The great fire had, however, touched the medical profession of Chicago and burned away its prejudices and its unreasonable bitter- ness, along with the other rubbish of the old Chicago. The causeless bickerings and foolish dissensions were for the time being buried in the ashes of the metropolis, and there has never been any- thing like a general resurrection of the old ani- mosities. Side by side, and shoulder to shoulder, the two physicians at the head of this important committee worked together almost day and night to relieve the sick and suffering, and their ex- ample was followed by their professional brethren of both schools. The work on hand had to be done under great difficulties. It was not in the power of the physicians themselves to furnish the medicines needed ; it was not in the power of those who became their patients to supply them- selves with medicine, because in many instances all their earthly possessions had been licked up by the fire, and they had not the means even to procure a night's lodging or a loaf of bread. The city government undertook to assume the re- sponsibilitj- of caring for all such unfortunate sufferers, but the ability of the city to discharge the obligation thus assumed was very gravely questioned. Chicago was looked upon by many as a ruined and bankrupt municipality, and not every one who had the ability to honor the city's drafts was willing to do so. In conversation with the writer, recently. Dr. Oilman said that when he made out the first order for drugs which it was absolutely neccssarj- his committee should have, and sent it to the drug house of Fuller & Fuller, this being the only drug house in that part of Chicago known as the " South side," which had not been destroyed by fire, he had grave doubts of having his requisition honored, and his confidence in the magnanimity and generosity of Chicago business men was vastly increased when Mr. O. F. Fuller, the senior member of the drug firm, came in per- son to deliver, not only the drugs ordered, but such other medicines in addition as he had rea- son to believe would be needed by the com- mittee. It was the untiring efforts, the unflagging zeal of Dr. Oilman in this work, which brought him prominently before the public, won for him the kind regard of his brother practitioners, without regard to the school to which they happened to belong, and at the same time secured to him that large measure of confidence in his skill and ability as a physician and surgeon which laid the founda- tion for the splendid practice he has since built up. That he should have achieved success in his profession, or in any other calling to which he had turned his attention, seems perfectly natural to those who know the man, who have noted his diligence, his industrj-, and his remarkable capa- citj- for so directing all his efforts as to accom- plish the greatest amount of work in a given time. Those who know the history of the Oilman family could hardly e.xcuse anything short of complete success in one of its representati\'es. Although Dr. Oilman himself was born at Harmer, Ohio, a suburb of Marietta, in 1841, he conies of the old Puritan family which a some- what noted historian has said " influenced for a century and a half the political, ecclesiastical, social and financial history of New England." It was in 1638 that the first Oilman came over from England and became the American progenitor of this noted family. Beginning with Nicholas Oil- man, who was a moving spirit in the American 456 BlOGRArmCAL DICTIOXARY AM) l'i)RTRAIT GALLERY. Revolution, the Gilmans of New England have ever since been prominent in public life. For eleven successive years John Taylor Gilman was governor of New Hampshire, just before the close of the last century, and for three successive years at the beginning of the present century he occu- pied the same position, making in all fourteen years that he served the people of his State in the capacity of chief magistrate of the common- wealth. At the same time his brother, Nicholas Gilman, was serving as a member of the Conti- nental Congress, and later as a United States Senator from the same State. President D. C. Gilman, of Johns Hopkins University, and Dr. Chandler Robbins Gilman, an author of note, have been the members of the family most prominently before the public within the last quarter of a century. On the mother's side. Dr. Gilman is descended from the Fay, another old Massachusetts family. His mother and the late Horace Maynard, of Tennessee, who was postmaster-general in Presi- dent Hayes cabinet, and before that minister to Russia, were born on the same day, on adjoining farms, near Westborough, Massachusetts, in 1814, at a time when the fathers of both were absent from home, serving in the second war with Great Britain. There were eleven children in the F'ay family and three of the daughters married physicians. It was a sister of Dr. Gilman's mother who in- augurated the movement to build and maintain at the public expense the homes for orphan chil- dren which are now so prominent a feature of the public charities of Ohio and other states. This lady, Catharine Fay by name, was for many years a missionary among the Choctaw Indians, and when the missionaries were driven out of the Choctaw country, shortly before the late war of the Rebellion, .she returned to Ohio and at her own expense built the first orphan home in that State, at the town of Lawrence, on the Little Muskin- gum river, in Washington county. She after- wards induced the legislature to take action, which led to the building of similar institutions in almost all, if not all, the counties in Ohio. As his more remote ancestors had been among the earliest settlers of New England, his imme- diate ancestors were among the first to find their way into what was then the wild West, the un- broken wilderness on the banks of the Ohio river, where the first settlement was made in the Puck- eye State. His grandfather settled at Belpre, opposite Blennerha.ssett's Island, the picturesque spot which was supposed to have served as the head- quarters for those turbulent and restless .spirits, engaged in Aaron Burr's conspiracy. Afterward he removed to Kentucky, where some members of his family still re.side, his son. Dr. George Gil- man, having been for many years a prominent physician of Lexington. It was within a few miles of Belpre that Dr. Gilman was born ; but when he was five years old he returned with his father. Dr. John C. Gilman, to Westborough, Massachusetts, where the latter engaged in the practice of his profes- sion. It was the intention of the father that his three sons should follow in his footsteps, so far as the choice of a profe.ssion was concerned, and he shaped their .studies to that end. Two of the sons drifted into the profession which had been chosen for them, but the third engaged in railroad business, in which he has been decidedly successful. William L. Gilman, an elder brother of the subject of this sketch, after practicing niciiicine for some years, entered the ministry, and is imw at the head of a church in Denver, Colorado. There was nothing irksome to John E. Gilman as a boy, about the calling chosen for him by his father. His studies were to him a source of plea- sure, and the assistance which he was called upon, from time to time, to give his father in his surgi- cal and other practice, increased his interest in what he looked forward to as his life work. When he was seventeen years of age his father died, and he afterwards studied with his brother, then practicing medicine at Marietta, Ohio, and also under the direction of Dr. George HartwcU, of Toledo, Ohio. He finished his course of study in Hahnemann Medical College, Chicago, and im- mediately thereafter commenced the practice of medicine in this city. The measure of his success as a practitioner has already been alluded to. And it is only necessary to add to what has been said, that as a writer and an educator he has become equally prominent. His contributions to journals and periodicals have covered a wide range of subjects and have been lilOGRArillCAL DICTIOXARV AM) roUTRAIT iiALLERV. 457 by no means confined to the field of nieilicine. He has Hterary talent of a hitjh order, and as an art critic has been proininentI\- identifieii with the Chicago press. Notwithstanding tiie nuiltiplicitj- of his pro- fessional duties, he has found time to devote him- self, quite extensivelj-, to art matters, and some years ago was one of the leading spirits in bLiilil- ing up and maintaining the Crosby Opera House Art Gallery, one of the finest art galleries Chicago has ever had: at the same time he edited, in com- pany with Mr. Joseph W'rigiit, the Chicago Art Journal. Hahnemann Medical College, the most noted of all the homtcopathic educational institutions west of the Allegheny Mountains, has recognized his ability as a physician by selecting him to fill the chair of "Physiologj-, Sanitary Science and Hygiene." a position which he has held since 1884. In i860, Ur. Gilman was married to Miss Mary D. Johnson, who, although residing in the West at the time of her marriage, was, no less than iier husband, a Puritan as to lineage. The farm upon which Mrs. Gilman was raised at Westborough, Massachusetts, was acquired by purchase from the Indians by the Johnson family, and descended from father to .son until her father, having no sons to hand it down to, allowed the old place to pass out of the famil\-. Although not a drop of anything but Puritan blood runs in the veins of the Gilman family, the Chicago representative of the old New England stock, while revering the general nobility of char- acter of his ancestry and the class of God-fear- ing, liberty-loving men to which they belonged, is by no means blinded to their faults, and some clever criticism, in verse, of their old-time creeds and customs, have been among the products of his pen. [The above sketch is from the Magazine of Western History, September, 189O, Vol. XII, No. 5, and over the signature, Howard Louis Conard. I JOHN M. DUNPHY, CHICAGO, ILL. A.MAN'S life-work is the measure of his suc- cess, and he is truly the most successful man who, pursuing an honorable purpose, attains the object of his endeavor. The life-history of him whose name heads this sketch illustrates what can be accomplished by continued and faithful hard work. John M. Dunphy is a native of New York, and was born at Utica, October 2, 1834, the .son of Martin and Mary(Hickcy) Dunphy. His father was a successful and prominent builder in Utica. John received the usual common school educa- tion, and at the age of si.\tcen his father appren- ticed him to learn the mason's and contractor's business. He served an apprenticeship of four years, completely ma.stering the details of his \ocation. Then for a year he worked as a jour- neyman mason in Utica. Upon attaining his majority he resolved to go West and try his for- tune in a new country, and worked at his trade in various cities in the West until 1858, when he settled in Chicago, where he has since made his home. He secured work at once as foreman for Mr. R. E. Moss, a contractor and builder, with whom he remained until 1863, when he started in business on his own account as a contractor and builder. He w-as reasonably successful from the start, having all the work he could attend to. Among the many prominent struct- ures now existing as memorials of Mr. Dunphy's work may be mentioned the Cathedral of the Holy Name, St. James' Church, the residences of Mr. George M. Pullman and Mr. W. P. Moulton, St. Dennis Hotel and others of a like character. Mr. Dunphy has always taken an active inter- est in politics, and is an earnest and popular Democrat. In the spring of 1879 he was nomi- nated for the office of Collector of the We.st Town, and was elected by a decided majority. Again, in the spring of 1883, he was elected City Treasurer by a good majority. In 1889 Mr. Dun- phy was appointed by Mayor Cregier Commis- sioner of Buildings, in which capacity he served with credit until the spring of 1891. 458 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY AND PORTRAIT GALLERY. Mr. Dunphy was married, in 1859, to Miss Mar)' Democratic Club, also the Wahnatons and the Doyle, daughter of J. Edward Doyle, of Dublin. Irish-American Club. In stature he is of me- Ireland. Three sons and one daughter have dium height and rather stout. He has a genial blessed this union. The only surviving son, John nature and is an agreeable companion, and a man J., is associated with his father in business. of great popularity among his wide circle of Mr. Dunphy is a member of the Cook County friends. JOSEPH HOWARD BUFFUM, M.D. CHICAGO, ILL. ONE of the favored few, to whom success has come early, is Joseph Howard Buffum, who was born August 24, 1849, in Pittsburgh, Pennsyl- vania. To the public schools of that city he owes the foundation of a very thorough education, having passed through the entire course of study of those institutions, graduating from high school at the age of eighteen. His first purpose was to become an engineer, and with that purpose in view he studied civil engineering for a year. Finding this choice ill-advised, he turned instinct- ively to the medical profession, and with a view to preparing himself for it, in 1869, entered Cor- nell University, at Ithaca, New York. His prep- aration for college was so complete that he entered the sophomore class and was graduated three years later. During that time he derived great benefit from a special course under the direction of the distinguished scientist, Prof. Burt G. Wilder. Leaving the University, he spent one year in study at Hahnemann Medical College, of Philadelphia. He then returned to New York and was graduated from the New York Homeo- pathic Medical College in March, 1873. Dr. Buffum began his career as a general prac- titioner in his native city, Pittsburgh, where, in three years, he built up a practice most creditable to so young a man. While there he did good service as attending physician to the Pittsburgh Homeopathic Hos])ital, improving his opportun- ities to study diseases of eye and ear. In 1876 Dr. Buffum removed to New York City, and fur- ther pursued his favorite study in the Ophthalmic College of that city, and was graduated as a sur- geon of the eye and ear. He soon became resi- dent surgeon of the New York Ophthalmic Hospi- tal, and was made lecturer on diseases of the eye in the New \'ork 0])hthalniic Hospital College. In 1880, owing to the death of Prof. W. H. Woodyatt, the chair of diseases of the eye and ear was left vacant in the Chicago Homeopathic Medical College. The faculty unanimously chose Dr. Buffum to fill it, whereupon he took up his residence in Chicago, and is now the manager of that institution, and has, besides, an extensive private practice. He gives a free public clinic weekly at the hospital, and in his specialty is con- sulted by patients from all parts of the country. Dr. Buffum's eminence in this branch of medical science was further demonstrated when the Amer- ican Society of Homeopathic Oculists, at its annual meeting held at Indianapolis, in 18S2, chose him as its presiding officer. He is a mem- ber of the American Institute of Homeopathy, and many other medical and scientific societies throughout the countr)-. In 1884 Dr. Buffum went abroad, and s])ent some time in the hospitals of London and Paris, and on his return embodied his experience in arti- cles and addresses of great scientific value. He is a prolific writer, and is the author of a work on ophthalmology, which is used in man}- of the col- leges of this countr}-, and which is one of the best productions extant on that subject. Among the most valuable of Dr. Buffum's contributions to medical literature are the following mono- graphs : " Dislocations of the Knee,'' " Electricity as an Adjunct in the Treatment of Spinal Dis- eases," "Two Cases of Transfusion of Blood," "Contribution to the Pathology of the Eye," " ElectroI}-sis in the Treatment of Lachi-j-mal Stricture," "Duboisnie" (a new drug), " Diph- thintic Conjunctivitis," " Colton Drumhead," " Dieleties," "The Galvanic Cauterj- in Surgery," " Tinnitis Aurium," " Clinical Histor}- of Sciatica," "Treatment of -Some E}-e Diseases by Means of -^T- lilOCRAriUCAI. IVCTIOXARY A.\D PORTRAIT CAl.l.KRY. 461 I-llcctricit)-," " Eye Headaches," " Eye Renexcs,'" " Tumors and Malfonnations of the Lids," " Tlie Pupil in Health and Disease," "Ocular Neo- plasms," "The Ophthalmic and Aural Complica- tions of Scarlet Fever,"' and "Cataract Extrac- tion." Prominent in the Masonic Order, he is a mem- ber (if the following organizations: Clcveiaml Lodge, A. F. A. M.; Washington Chapter, R. A. M.; Apollo Commandery, Oriental Consistory and Medinah Temple. In iSjr)!))-. Hiiflum married iVIiss Evelyn l?ar- rett Spragiie, a laiiy of high social staiuling in Jamestown, New \'ork, and a granddaughter of the noted Abolitionist, William H. Tew. Two children have been born to them — Howard E. and Natalie S. Dr. Biiffum is a man of powerful mentality and iron will, strongly attached to his profession. \'et, with all the student's love for book.s, keenly appreciative of art, with the cosmic views of a traveler in many lands, he ranks to-day not onlj- as one of the foremost professional men of this countr)', but also as a pulished man of the wnrld. COL. W. THOAIAS BLOCK, CHlCACiO, ILL. CHICAGO has many young men who by \'arious causes have risen to eminence and distinction ; men who have not yet reached the meridian of life, but who have already shown marked ability and great executive capacity, and among that number is the subject of this sketch. Col. W. T. Block, secretary of the great Grant Locomotive Works Company. Col. Block comes of distinguished ancestry, and is of French and German descent. He is a native of Penns)-lvania, being born at Marietta, Lancaster county, on January 6th, 1853. He is the son of A. B. Block, merchant, a native of France, who died in 1853, ''"'^ of Barbara A. Brobst, his wife, a descendant of Philip Brobst, who emigrated from Sa.xony and settled in Berks county. Pa., in 1694, and daughter of Solomon lirobst, one of the contractors in building the Penns\-lvania canals and various bridges over the Susquehanna river, and grand-daughter of Chris- tian Brobst, born 1767 and died 1849, ^^'^o was an ensign in I-'irst Company, Second Battalion, Lt.- Col. Henry Spyker, in the Revolutionary War, and who settled in 1790' in Catawissa, Columbia county. Pa. He built the first flouring-mil! in that Count)-. He was one of the projectors of various internal im[)rovements in the State, and was actually the first promoter of the railroads in the United States. I'Vom the history of Columbia count)'. Pa., we find the following : ■'The canal svstem was of inestimable value to the commonwealth, and infused new vigor in the various communities located on its route, but there were regions inaccessible to this mode of transportation, the mineral wealth of which de- manded equal facilities for shipment. It was out of this demand that the first railroad grew, and Pennsylvania shares with Massachusetts the honors of inaugurating a system to which the nation so largel)- owes its phenomenal develop- ment. " The first railroad in Pennsylvania was com- pleted in 1827, from Mauch Chunk to Summit Hill, but Christian Brobst, of Catawissa, had five years earlier taken a broader view of the useful- ness of the railroads. He was a man of limited school training, but nature had endowed him with rare foresight and reasoning power of high order. It is said that the number of rafts floating down the river first attracted his attention, and anxious to build up the place of his residence, he began to reckon the advantage which would accrue if all this traffic could be made to pass through Catawissa to its final destination. He took actual account of the river traffic and compiled statistics and arguments which commanded the attention of capitalists. His energy did notecase with this, however. Once assured of the advantage of a railro.ad he proceeded to demonstrate its practicabilit)-. He was not a civil engineer, but with some knowledge of the method employed, gained b)- observatioTi, by his own ingenuit)- he equipped himself for the work, and ran out a 462 HIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY A.\I> PORTRAIT GALLERY. jiractical line for the proposed road. Mr. Brobst possessed a 'Jacob's Staff.' He had a tin tube of proper dimensions made, into the upper side of which he made small holes at either end. In these he inserted small glass vials " [jutticd " fast, which, when half filled with water, enabled him to level his instrument. With this crude instrument he located and leveled a line which was considered by engineers subsequently em- ployed a marvel of accuracy. His engineering skill did not enable him to get a practical route over the mountains, and the apparent necessity for an expensive tunnel balked his plans for a time. The projected road extended from Cata- wissa to Tamaqua. In 1825 he got certain capitalists to view the proposed route, which made such a favorable impression on them that, in 1831, a company for the construction of the road was chartered. In the mean time he had enlisted the co-operation of Joseph Paxton, who was better fitted to deal with monied men, and in 1854, after overcoming great difficulties and discouragements, the first passenger train was greeted at Catawissa. It is now operated by the Philadelphia and Read- ing Company. " Christain Brobst, afterwards, was one of the promoters together with Stephen Girard of the Little Schuylkill Railroad, now part of the Read- ing railroad system. " In 1826, whilst a member of the State Legis- lature, he took an interest in the scheme to intro- duce steamboats on the Susquehanna River, and was on the fatal boat 'Codrous' that was de- stroyed by the boiler exploding when near Ber- wick, Pa. Mr. Brobst was badly injured at this time, but lived for some years a useful citizen, and well respected, leaving a large family and a large fortune." Mrs. Block, the mother of the subject of this sketch, was also a grand-daughter of Peter Mel- lick, who emigrated from New Jersey in 1774, and located in Columbia county. Pa. Peter Mellick was in the campaigns of 1776 and 1777 at Valley Forge. In 1778 he was with Lieut. Moses Van Campen, in the defense at Wheeler's Fort, in the great Indian massacre in the beautiful Wyoming Valley. He was a man well thought of and left a large family and considerable means. Some of his descendants were well-known public men, among them being the eminent physicians, Philip Leidy and Joseph Lcidy. late of the University of Pennsylvania, the latter of whom being re- garded the greatest demonstrator of anatomy that ever lived, and who also had the honor and dis- tinction of being the discoverer of trichinae in the hog. Young Block received a vcr\- limited schooling; he attended the public and high schools at Colum- bia, Pa., until fourteen years of age ; but being of a very studious nature, he managed to acquire a very good rudimentary knowledge before leaving school at that early age, the age when most boys just begin to acquire knowledge. In August, 1867, young Block entered the serv- ice of the Reading Railroad and remained with that company in various capacities, receiving pro- motion after promotion, until 1878, when he was engaged by the Hannibal antl St. Joseph Rail- road, where he remained until 1882, when he entered the service of the Wisconsin, Iowa and Nebraska Railway, now known as the Chicago, St. Paul and Kansas City Railway, remaining until December, 1888, filling the positions suc- cessively of auditor, treasurer, traffic manager and superintendent. In 1885, Col. Block was appointed aide-de-camp on the staff of Governor Larrabee, of Iowa, for two years, with the titje of Lieut.-CoL, and in 1887 was reappointed for another term of two years. Col. Block is a man of business and of vast and various enterprises, as is indicated by the numer- ous concerns in which he is actively engaged, and most of which he has been the originator. He was the promoter of the Chicago, Fort Madison and Des Moines Railway Company, now (1892) being built in Iowa, and is at present vice- president of the company. He was the promoter and president of the Chicago and Southwestern Railroad in Cicero, Cook county, Illinois, now owned by the Chicago and Northern Pacific Railroad. He was also one of the promoters of the Grant Locomotive Works Company, of which he is a director and also secretary ; also secretary and treasurer of the Grant Land Association : vice- president of the Harrisburgh and Cornwall Turn- pike Company in Dauphin county, Pennsylvania; is vice-president and director in the Columbian Pyrotechnical Company. lilOGRArmCAL DICTIOXARV AXD PORTRAIT CA/./.KRy. Col. IMock is cliaritably inclined, as is shown by the fact that he is a director and also vice- president of the Chicago Charity Hospital. He is also an associate member of the Real Estate Hoard of Chicago. He is vice-president of the Illinois Society of the Sons of American Revolu- tion. In 1880 Col. Block was married to IMiss Anna E. Scott, daughter of William P. Scott, of Iowa, a brother of the late railway magnate, Col. Thomas A. Scott, of Pennsylvania. Mrs. Block is a great grand-daughter of Col. John Piper of revolutionary fame, who was a member of the conventions in Philadelphia in 1775, 1776 and 1778, and a member of the two Constitutional conventions of 1778, and filled many public offices in Pennsyh'ania. He was of Scotch-Irish descent. In politics Col. Block is an ardent Republican, 463 though not a politician ; his many interests claim- ing his undivided attention. He is interested in church matters, and is a member of the Episco- palian church. Socially, Col. Block is much esteemed. He is a member of the Union League and Sunset Clubs. Col. Block is of medium size, genial in nature, broad and liberal in his views. In his railroad career he has passed through all the various grades. lie is acti\e and pushing, is a hard worker, and withal is a student still and bears the imprint of culture. From boyhood up, Col. Block's life has been marked by strict integrity, independent action and close attention to business. Conscientious, benevolent and warm in his affections, he has endeared himself to a large circle of friends, and presents an example of self-culture well worthy of emulation. ADOLPH PLUKM1:R, CINCINNATI, OHIO. ADOLPH PLUEMER is a native of Cassel, Germany. He was born July 9, i85i,the son of Wilhclm and Wilhelmina Pluemer. He was educated in his native land, and before attain- ing his majority immigrated to the United States and .settled at Cincinnati, Ohio, where he has ever since made his home. He turned his attention to mercantile pursuits immediately upon his arrival there, and step by step has worked his way until he has become identified with many of the ma- terial interests of that flourishing city. At the present time (1892) he is a member of the firm of Hosford & Pluemer, dealers in pig-iron, and is also secretary and treasurer of the Virgina State Granite Company, whose quarries are located near Richmond, Virginia. In political affairs Mr. Pluemer has taken com- mendable interest ; he is a staunch Republican, and a life-member and director of the Lincoln Club, and also a director in the Young Men's Blaine Club and the North Cincinnati Republican Club of his city. His name has been frequently mentioned in connection with official positions, both State and National, but he has never sought political honors, and with the exception of having served several j-ears on the board of school trus- tees he has hekl no public ofTfice. He is promi- nent and influential in German society, and is also one of the leading members of the Order of Cincinnatus, which has been so largely instru- mental in spreading the fame of and popularizing his adopted city. He was also one of the found- ers of the Cincinnati School of Technology. He is a life-member of the American Institute of Mining Engineers and a member of the Charcoal Iron Workers of the United States. He is a prominent member of the Masonic fraternity, being a member of Nova Ca;sarea Harmony Lodge, No. 2, V. and A. M., a thirty-second degree Mason of the Scottish Rite, a member of Syrian Temple, N. M. S., and a member of Trinity Commandery, Knights Templar. He is also a member of the North Cincinnati Turner Society. In all his business dealings and social relations Mr. Pluemer has maintained a manliness and no- bility of character that has won for him universal confidence and esteem. With his admirable exec- utive ability he combines courteous manners and a pleasing address, and his selection as alternate 464 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY AND PORTRAIT GALLERY. commissioner from Ohio to the World's Colum- 19, 1879, ^^i"- I'luemer married Miss Henrietta bian Exposition, to be held at Chicago, in 1893, Fischer, of Cincinnati, by whom he has four was in every way a commendable one. On April children — Meta, Gisela, Herbert and Blanche. HENRY R. SYMONDS, CHICAGO, ILL. HENRY ROBERTS SYMONDS, one of the leading bankers and representative men of Chicago, was born on January 11, 1840, at Niagara Falls, New York, and attended school there until he was fifteen years of age. He then commenced his career in the banking business, which he followed uninterruptedly through life, in all its departments, with marked success and acknowledged ability. The early years that others devote to study, he spent in the acquirement of practical knowledge, and was all his life a student. Mr. Symonds settled in Chicago in 1859 ^'""^ took a position as teller in the Aiken & Norton Bank. The senior partner of this firm was the founder of the First National Bank of Chicago. After two years he accepted a position as cashier in the banking-house of C. B. Blair, which afterwards became the Merchants' National Bank. His next position was as assistant cashier, in the First National Bank, at the time Mr. Lyman J. Gage was cashier. He was afterwards made cashier, and in 1891 was elected first vice-presi- dent, in which position he labored unsparingly in the discharge of its arduous and responsible du- ties, and did so, even when prostrated by sickness. As a financier, Mr. Symonds was an acknowl- edged authority, having a thorough knowledge of every feature and detail, both as a student and as a practical banking-man. Mr. Symonds was a man of a happy disposition, deeply attached to his family, his home and his library. Although a member of the Union League and Illinois clubs, he cared nothing for society ; his family, music and literature fully occupied the hours he could spare from business. In January, 1892, Mr. Symonds first felt the effects of the illness, which proved afterwards to be so serious and disastrous. He struggled against its effects for some time, and during the illness of Mr. Lyman Gage he attended business for a few hours dailv, contrarv to the desire of his family and the advice of his physician : the result of this overtaxing his strength was to ultimately prostrate him by an acute nervous attack. Even then, while confined to his room, his indomitable energy prompted him to transact, by telephone, important business. His physicians advised him to go to Florida, and in accordance with their instructions he left Chicago on the 26th of Januarj' for Jacksonville, accompanied by his wife and children. Soon after reaching Florida, his illness, which had been serious, became alarming. During his illness his wife was constantly by his side, and night and day devoted herself to his recovery, but her lov- ing ministrations were unavailing. His strength exhausted, and his constitution weakened by sickness and overwork, he was unable to with- stand the strain of a complication of ailments. At seven o'clock on the evening of the 26th of March, 1892, he breathed his last, a martyr to devotion to duty. By his death, Chicago lost one of her most prominent business-men, and the First National Bank one of its ablest directors. Mr. E.F.Lawrence, director of the First National Bank, who had known Mr. Symonds for many years, summed up his worth in the sentence: " A better man never breathed the air of life. He was a true man." Mr. Symonds was married t\\ ice ; first when very young to Miss Julia Ackky, and afterwards in 1876 to Miss Charlotte L. McKay, of this city. Three children of the first marriage survive, viz.: Mrs. F. K. Morrill, Charles H. and Florence. By the second marriage there are fourchildren — Paul, Edith, Edward Lawrence, and Henrj' Roberts, the eldest being fourteen years, and the youngest nine months of age. In the companionship of his devoted wife, and in the sunshine and smiles of his afTectionate children, Mr. Symonds passed the happiest hours of his life. His constant endeavor was to sur- liior.RArmcAi. ivctioxarv a.m^ portrait gallery. 467 round them witli every comfort and luxurj-, and liis greatest pleasure was to make them happy. The following testimonial from the officers of the First National liank speaks volumes for the record of the twenty-five years that he was con- nected with that institution : In the death of Henrj- R. Syinonds, late vice-president of this bank, this Board has occasion to mourn the loss of one who through nearly twcnty-tive years of faithful service has closely identified himself with the history of the institution. His clear comprehension of the great trust imposed upon him; his earnest application to duty: his scrupulous regard for the interests he represented; his prudence, fortitude and courage, made his ofhcial life most effective and valuable. We desire to record our appreciation of these qualities as illustrated in him, and to express to his bereaved family our sincere sympathy in their affliction. Therefore Resolved, That this memorial be spread upon the records of this Board, and an engrossed copy thereof be prepared and sent to Mrs. Symonds. L. J. Gage, President. R. J. Street, Secretary. Prof. David Swing, in his brief remarks at the home thus fittingly spoke of his life's career: " He was honorable ; he was industrious; he was faith- ful, but he was mortal. The time comes when each heart must go away from its earthly shrine." WILLARD ADELBERT SMITH, CHICAGO, ILL. IX the organization preparatory to the World's Fair, which is to be held in Chicago, many important departments are necessary. On the foresight, experience and ability of the heads of the departments depend the success of this vast undertaking. One of the greatest difficulties of Director-General Davis and the Board of Control has been in selecting the proper man to direct each department. The work of each department is like the Exposition itself, vast in its area, impor- tant in its results and world-wide in its influences. "The bureau of transportation e.xhibits : rail- ways, vessels and vehicles," is an entirely new department in the history of world's fairs. The exhibits of this department have, in former ex- positions, been distributed through other depart- ments. The World's Columbian Exposition has wisely determined to give this great subject the attention which its importance deserves. It is intended that the exhibits shall fully cover and illustrate the entire subject of transportation in all its forms, the development of roads and high- ways, vehicles of all kinds from the earliest times to the present day, and the crudest methods used by savage tribes to the latest and most improved machinery used upon railways or upon the sea. Willard A. Smith, the subject of this sketch, has been appointed and has accepted the position of chief of this department. Me was born Sep- tember 20, 1849, -i^ Kenosha, Wisconsin. His father was W. H. Smith, whose ancestors settled in New England about 1640, and his mother. Hetty, lue Allen, was from New York State. Willard Adelbert was the third son in a family of four. He received his elementary education ir his native town. When twelve years old his par- ents removed to Rockford, Illinois, where he con- tinued his public school education and gr^tduated in the High Sciiool class of that city in 1865. He was immediately entered for a full course at Shurtleff College, Upper Alton, Illinois, where he graduated four years afterward, taking .second honors in his class. Being now in his twentieth year and having completed his college course, he entered the law department of Washington Uni- versity, where after a careful reading of law he was admitted to the bar. In his law examination he took first honors in his class, and was conceded the place of facile princeps. He then spent a year in the law school, after which he commenced the practice of his [jrofcssion. As a lawyer, Mr. Smith proved, by taking the highest place in his class at the university, that he had not only a thorough knowledge of law, but a facility in its application. As a student he was diligent, meth- odical and successful. His application and ability gained for him the esteem of his pro/essors, and his high sense of honor, kindly nature and scrupu- lous integrity rendered him very popular with his class fellows. Generous in spirit, studious in habit and agreeable in dispo.sition, Mr. Smith has made many friends. While diligently applying himself to his studies at college he found time to edit and publish a 468 BIOGRAPHICAL DICriOXAIiV AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. college paper. Journalism was evidently his forte. In it, even as a student, he achieved success. Not long after his school days Mr. Smith entered the new field of railroad special journalism. In 1872 he established the St. Louis Raikvay Register, and finding the work attractive and the track un- beaten, he moved to Chicago as a great railroad center and has made it his home ever since. The Raikvay Reviezv had been established in 1S68, but had only made small progress. Mr. Smith pur- chased it in 1874 and has since devoted himself to its publication. It is now one of the largest and most influential railroad organs in the country. He is also the owner and publisher of a monthly journal. The Raikvay Master Mechanic, and an annual publication, The Official Raikvay List. Mr. Smith's long experience, special study and familiar acquaintance with railroad work and rail- road men eminently fit him for his present posi- tion of Chief of the Bureau of Transportation Exhibits. Director-General Davis also thinks so, and such is also the opinion of the Board of Directors and the Board of Control, who have unanimously confirmed the selection. The ap- pointment was made July 10, 1891, and was formally accepted July 27, 1891, when the work of organization was commenced. Mr. Smith is well informed on the nature of his duties, the importance of the interests represented and the large field which his department covers. The department is a new one and offers a rare opportunity to its chief to awaken inquiry and stimulate improvement. It is certainly one of the largest and most important branches of the exposition, and is capable of being made one of the most interesting. To trace the means of transportation from the earliest time down to the present date — from the rude Indian oxcarts to the latest achievements of steam and electricity — is an educational feature of this exposition of great interest and benefit to the public. There is every reason to believe that Mr. Smith, now in the prime of life, with excellent training and enjoying the confidence of the directorate, will make his department one of the most successful. Mr. Smith is a member of the Union League Club and is president of the Chicago Baptist Social Union. He is also a member of the Western Society of Engineers and a number of other technical organizations. In May, 1873, Mr. Smith married Miss Maria Dickinson, of St. Louis, Missouri. He resides on the South Side, and in the company of his accomplished wife and three loving children, whom he delights to surround with every comfort, he finds his greatest pleasure. LEMUEL CONANT GROSVENOR, M.D. CHICAGO, ILL. AS his name indicates, the subject of this biography is descended from two noted colonial families — the Grosvenors and Conants — whose prominence in medicine, in the ministry, and as anti-slavery workers, is a matter of history, lie- was born at Paxton, in Central Massachusetts, in 1833, the eldest child of Deacon Silas N. Gros- venor and Mary A. (Conant) Grosvenor. His father was a leading business man of Paxton. The mother was a daughter of the Rev. Gaius Conant, who for twenty-five years was pastor of the Paxton Congregational Church. She was a woman of rare piety and strength of character, who spared no pains in training her children in ways of right and virtue. It was her especial de- sire that this eldest son should follow in the steps of his eminent grandfather, between whom and the boy there existed the most intimate and con- fidential relations and a strong attachment that was mutually shared. This, however, was not to be. The bent of the boy's mind was in another direction, and, true to his native instincts, he de- cided to fit himself for the practice of medicine. From such ancestors, and under the influence of such mental and spiritual training, the boy inher- ited a rugged physique that has carried him through the arduous duties of his professional life, and a strength of character that has brought him into positions of influence and trust. Prior to his thirteenth year Lemuel attended Williston Seminary, at East Hampton, Massachusetts, but upon the removal of his family to Worcester, in BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXAKV AXD PORTRAIT GAU.F.RY. 471 1846, lie entered the Hit^li School and remained a student there for four years. The good influence of these fouryears, during that formative period of his hfe. left upon the youth lasting impressions. He was especially active in the literary society, and there developed that taste and talent for public speaking and literary pursuits that have so sig- nally marked his subsequent career. He also, during this period, found time to cultivate his musical talents, and thus acquired what has been to him of greatest benefit, as a source of recrea_ tion and rest during his professional life. At sev. enteen, his family removed to Sauk county, Wiscon- sin, an event which had much to do with shaping his life. The rugged pioneer life tended to further develop the strong side of his character. Here he had time to think, and the desire to be somebody and live to some noble purpose became in him an incentive to renewed energy- — a verj- motive power prompting him to his noblest and best endeavor. The first winter after settling in Wisconsin he was called to teach the first winter school ever held at West Point, in Columbia county. He was in every way adapted to the work, and attained a great success as a teacher, following the pioneercustom of "boarding around" among his pupils. He received for his winter's work si.xty dollars in gold, an amount which seemed to him a small fortune. His desire for knowledge prompting, he easily obtained his father's consent, being yet in his minority, and started with his pack on his back and walked a distance of one hundred miles to Milwaukee. Going thence to Worcester, his old home,- he re- entered the High School and pursued a course in higher mathematics and surveying, support- ing himself by manual labor, for a time, and after- ward by teaching evening classes. In this way his time was fully occupied until the following winter, 1849. He now entered in earnest upon a teacher's life, and continued for ten years with great success. He taught the district school of Scituatc, a select .school at Rutland, the Union High School at Scituate Harbor, whence he was called to the principalship of the South Hingham Grammar School. After two successful years there he received the appointment as head master of the old Mather School, in Dorchester (now the l6th Ward of lioston), established in 1639, and the oldest free .school in America. He held this po- sition seven years, and during that time, spent in and around Boston, was afforded many rare oppor- tunities for culture and improvement, such as he had long wished for, not the least of which was the privilege of often listening to the stirring elo- quence and sound logic of such men as Everett, Sumner, Phillips and others of that day. He here formed the fi.xed purpose of devoting his life to the study and practice of medicine, it hav- ing for him a peculiar fascination ; and this, too, although his popularity and success as a teacher were decidedly marked, and even exceptional. He was a member of the American Institute of Instruction, and for three years secretarj- of the Massachusetts State Teachers' Association. In order to more fully prepare himself for his chosen profession, he declined an invitation to a chair in the Brooklyn Polytechnic School, and returning to the West pursued his medical studies and gradu- ated at the Cleveland Medical College with the degree of M.D. in the spring of 1864. He was now thirty-one years of age. He opened his first office for practice at Peoria, Illinois, and remained there three years. When fairly established he returned to the East and married Miss Ellen M. Prouty, of Dorchester, a daughter of Lorenzo Prouty, and grand-daughter of David A. Prouty, the inventor of the first iron plow ever made. Her maternal grandfather was John Mears, Sr., the inventor of the center-draft plow, which was awarded the first premium at the World's P'air, in London, England. All her im- mediate ancestors were noted agriculturists and members of the old Boston firm of Prouty & Mears. Mrs. Grosvenor, a decided brunette, was not only a woman of great personal beauty, but had, coupled with this, those womanly graces and virtues that go to make up the model wife and mother. She died in 1874, leaving two sons, Lorenzo N. and Wallace F., and one daughter, Ellen Elfiedd. From Peoria, Dr. Grosvenor went to Galesburg, Illinois, and built up an extensive practice among the leading families of that pros- perous city. In 1870, desiring a broader field of action, he took up his abode in Chicago, where he has found ample opportunity to e.xercise and develop his talents and skill. At the time of the burning of Chicago, October 9, 1871, he was the only physician in his neighborhood, on the North side, whose house was not burned, it 472 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. being left at the very edge of the fire line, and at that perilous time rendered to the destitute and suffering services deserving of lasting gratitude. Day and night, without thought of remuneration, he ministered to those whose homes had been swept awa}- and who were suffering from expos- ure and the nervous strain incident to that terri- ble ordeal, finding his patients in improvised shelters, in tents, in school-houses, meeting-houses, police-stations, or wherever cover from the ele- ments could be found, and visiting them on foot, owing to the impossibility of getting about through the streets filled with the debris, with any kind of vehicle. The task was Herculean and continued for weeks, and must have over- powered him had it not been for his splendid physical organization and determined will-power. The experiences of this winter of '71 -'72 would, of themselves, fill a volume of most interesting reading. Dr. Grosvenor's superior abilities were readily recognized by his professional colleagues, and upon the new building for the Chicago Homeo- pathic Medical College being completed, a special chair of sanitary science was created for him, it being the first full professorship in that depart- ment created by any college. The following from the college announcements of the current year aptly expresses the esteem in w hich he is held : Professor Grosvenor. by his rare handling of eminently practical subjects, has made the department of Hygiene and Sanitation an attractive feature of the college. His lectures on the sanitary condition of the home, the sick-room, the lying-in room— especially those on infant hygiene and the hygiene and sanitary conditions of maternity— have greatly interested students and practitioners in these heretofore much-neglected subjects. Dr. Grosvenor enjoys a remunerative general practice, and as an obstetrician has no superior, and had he accomplished nothing more, his ser- vices in alleviating the discomforts of infant life and reducing the drudgery of motherhootl would entitle him to lasting renown. Out of ])atiencc with the old method of swaddling babes, he, with the aid of his good wife, who takes the deepest interest in his work, devised the beautiful, and in every detail, hygienic dress, known as "The Ger- trude Raby Suit," named after their little daughter, for whom it was first designed. This emancipation dress has not only become popular at home, but has also found a warm welcome even in Kngland, Australia, India and South Africa, and is highly commended in the medical journals of the conti- nent. Besides his position as professor he has, for several years, been on the executive board of the college. For eighteen years he has been a member of the Chicago Academj- of Physicians and Surgeons, and is now (1 890) serving for the third time as its president. He was two years president of the American Paidological Society, and for many years has been connected with the American Institute of Homeopathy. Dr. Grosvenor excels as a speaker, and his pub- lic lectures and parlor conversations are most highly prized. His diction is simple, sure and concise ; his style fluent, his manner graceful and iiis thought and argument convincing. He has always taken the deepest interest in young peo- ple, and has several lectures especially for their benefit, such as " Our Boys," " Value of a Pur- pose," " Stimulants and Narcotics," " Brains," " Our Girls," " How to be Beautiful," " Roses Without Cosmetics," etc., and enjoys nothing more than his class lectures, because of their helpfulness to young men. Dr. Grosvenor is a man of sanguine temperament, e.xalted hope and never recognizes the possibility of failure. He lives with the purpose of making the world bet- ter and brighter constantly in view, and wherever known is recognized as a Christian gentleman, with fixed opinions and high aims. He holds membership in the Lincoln Park Congregational Church, and was for several years president of its board of trustees; he is also a charter member of the Chicago Congregational Club. In political sentiment he is a Republican. Dr. Grosvenor has been peculiarl)- fortunate and happy in his home-life, and to this owes not a little of his remarkable success. Three years after the death of his first wife he was united in marriage with Miss Naomi Josephine Bassett, of Taunton, Massachusetts, a highly educated young lady, with unusual literary tastes and talents and charming accomplishments, and withal, rare good sense and Christian virtue. Her natural fondness for children, inhanccd by several years of teach- ing, added to her other womanly graces, fitted lur for the responsible place she w as to fill — that of taking charge of a home with two motherless bo_\-s. But so faithfully has the task been per- formed, that it is not surprising that there should BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. 473 exist for her the most loyal love on the part of her two stepsons. There have been born to Dr. drosvenor and his present wife, four children, of whom two — Inez and Gertrude — died when two and three years of age, respectively ; the two surviving — David l^assett, now in his tenth year, and one daughter. Luc\- Ella, now in her eighth year — are beautiful and interesting children. Tlieir home is a center of refinement and generous hos- pitality, and no one can come within the range of its genial. Christian influence without being made nobler and better. The eldest son, Dr. Lorenzo N. Grosvenor, born at Galesburg. in 1868, received his preliminary ed- ucation in the public schools and Chicago High School, and afterwards attended Oberlin College. Me then pursued a course of study in the Chicago Homeopathic Medical College, and graduated in 1889, taking a post-graduate course in 1892, and is now in practice at Edgewater, a beautiful sub- urb of Chicago. He is a young man of high character, energetic, cheery and hopeful, and at once scholarly and refined, in every sense a worthy son of a worthy father. The second son, Wal- lace F. Grosvenor, born at Galesburg, January 4, iS/O, is a member of the class of '92 in Oberlin College, and also a matriculate of the Chicago Homeopathic Medical College. He is a young man of much promise, and in scholarship ranks among the first in his class, whose honors he car- ried off in his sophomore year. He will enter the medical profession upon completion of his studies. M. II. DK YOUNG, SAN FRAN'CISCO, CAL. MM. DE YOUNG, proprietor of the San • Francisco Chronicle, was born in St. Louis, Missouri, in 1848. When he was a youth of five years he was taken across the plains to California by his parents, who became residents of the bustling young city of San Francisco. For a time during his boyhood days Mr. De \'oung sold papers on the streets of the Pacific coast metropolis. In 1865, when seventeen years of age, he, with his brother Charles, began the pub- lication of a small advertising sheet, known as the Dramatic Chronicle. The paper was carried on with a very small capital, and being distributed gratuitously, it depended entirely upon its adver- tising patronage for support. It grew very rap- idly, and ju.st as the first year of its existence closed it secured telegraphic dispatches and began to have the character of a newspaper. It had a large subscription list at that time — large for a local paper in those days of Pacific Coa.st journal- ism, and it was looked upon as a power in the land. Mark Twain, Iket Harte, Prentice Mulford and other rising stars in the literary firmament contributed to the paper, and it became very popular. Mr. De Young assumed the control of the business department of the paper, while his brother h.id charge of the editorial department. Mr. De Young watched the growth of the Chronicle with all the interest and enthusiasm of a young journalist whose heart is wrapped up in his enterprise. He devoted all his time and atten- tion to the development of the Chronicle, and its wonderful success more than compensated for his years of toil. When, in 1880, Charles De Young was killed by the son of Mayor Kalloch, M. H. De Young became sole proprietor of the paper. He at once exhibited remarkable talent for edito- rial management, and as a result of his efforts the Chronicle has steadily improved and attained its now well-known high standing among the news- papers of the nation. As a business man Mr. De Young has been phenomenally successful, and his fortune has been estimated to be nearly five million dollars. He owns the fine new ten-story Chronicle building on Kearny, Market and Geary streets, in San Fran- cisco, a magnificent residence on California street, and the beautiful Alcazar Theatre building on 0"Farrell street, besides a great deal of other valuable property. In public life Mr. De Young has been (juite prominent of late, having been a commissioner to the Paris Ex|)osition, as well as a member of the Republican National Committee, and he is now second vice-president of the World's Columbian Exposition. 474 BIOGRAl'IIICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. Mr. De Young is one of the representative men He was married, in 1881, to Miss Kate Deane, of the Pacific coast, and is certainly one of the of San Francisco, and has a charming family of busiest and most prosperous men in San l-Vancisco. four cliildren. GEORGE W. CASS, CHICAGO, ILL. GEORGE W. CASS is well known at the Chicago bar as an able lawyer of large and varied experience. He has an extensive knowledge of adjudicated cases and statutory enactments, and he looks well to the history and philosophy of the law. His mind is broad and comprehensive, and he never gets confused among the multitude of cases that are contained in the reports, but he possesses that legal acumen and nice perception that enable him to distinguish with accuracy cases directly in point, and he is so well acquainted with the history of jurisprudence in this and foreign countries that he never cites an authority unless it comes from a court entitled to great credit. He possesses that equipoise of mind and character that peculiarly fits him for a counselor. He is an easy, graceful speaker, lucid, logical and convincing, while as a citizen no man stands higher than he. He is the son of Abner L. Cass, a prominent physician of Coshocton, Ohio, where he was born February 11, 185 i. His father was at one time a State Senator in ( )hio, and is a brother of Gen. George W. Cass, formerly presi- dent of the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railroad, and a nephew of Gen. Lewis Cass, of Michigan, a statesman of national reputation, once Democratic candidate for the presidency, and a grandson of Jonathan Cass of Revolutionary fame. The maternal ancestors of our subject were of an old Scottish family, among which were several clercivmcn eminent for their great learning and eloquence. Our subject pursued a four-years' course of study at Kenyon College, and was grad- uated therefrom in 1870 as valedictorian of his class. He then entered Ann Arbor Law School, where he remained until 1873. After spending a few months in Ohio, he commenced the practice of the law in Chicago, in the fall of that year. He formed a partnership with Mr. William P. Elliott, under the firm name of Elliott & Cass, which was continued until 1877, since which time he has been in practice by himself. He has a fine class of clients, among them several large corporations of Chicago, and is doing an extensive business. In politics Mr. Cass is a Democrat, but the duties of his profession fully engross his attention, so that he is not what is termed an active poli- tician, but his high standing as a lawyer, his practical sound judgment and even balance of mind have drawn the attention of his party to him as an available candidate for a judgeship. Since coming to Chicago, Mr. Cass has purchased a large amount of valuable real estate, and his atten- tion has been turned largely to real estate law, and he has become very learned in that branch of his profession; so much so that he is considered high authority in all matters pertaining to realty. He has been secretary of the Chicago Bar Association eight years, and is a member of the Calumet, Iroquois and University clubs. He was married, in 1878, to Miss Rebecca Os- borne. Thev have two children. COL. GEORGE R. CLARKE, CIIICA(;(), ILL. THE subject of this sketch was born at Una- cago in 1S36, and removed his family thither in dilla Forks, New York, February 22, 1827, May, 1838. In September, 1840, he removed to the son of Dr. Henr.\- and Lucy Clarke. His Walworth, Wisconsin, and practiced his profes- father established himself in his profession at Chi- sion there until his death, which occurred April } '---''' ^■'^y^^^y^ t!MnjxS^-€iL^ lilOCR.irillCAI. IMCTIOXARV A\l> roHTRMT uAl.l.llRY. 477 23, 1S53. His widow, Mis. Lorinda Clarke, is still living, and is scvc-nty-scven j-cars of age. Our subject's own mother, Lucy Clarke, died in 1829. There were, besides him, seven children in the family, \iz.: Henry \V., Hannah M., William .M., Miles D., (icorge R., Charles C, Henjamin F. and John M. George removed to Chicago in 1839. ^'i ''^4S he entered Beloit College, and pursued his studies through the junior jear, when he left college and accepted the principalship of Monroe Seminar)-, Wisconsin, and held it eighteen months. lie afterwards taught at Milton Academy, and later was elected superintendent of the public schools of Baraboo, Sauk county, Wisconsin, and for eighteen months edited the Sauk County Standard, a '• F"ree Soil " Democratic paper. Having employed his spare time in the study of law, he returned to Chicago in 1S53, and was admitted to the bar and began practice. In the following year he turned his attention to the real estate trade, and continued until i860, when he went to Colorado and .spent two years in mining. Returning to Chicago in 1862, he at once began recruiting men for service in the War of the Re- bellion, which was then in progress, and was made captain of Company A, One Hundred and Thir- teenth Regiment, Illinois Volunteers, infantry. He afterwards rose to the rank of major ami lieutenant-colonel. He was post commander of Camp Hutler, near Springfield. Illinois, for eight months after the siege of Vicksburg, and was in not only that siege, but also many other im- portant battles with the Fifteenth Army Corps, under General Sherman. Returning to Chicago after the close of the war, he resumed the real estate business. In 1869 he laid out Morgan Park, one of Chicago's finest suburbs, and still has control of the Blue Island Land and Building Company's real estate matters. Colonel Clarke was for many years idciUifud with the Masonic Order, and rose to the thirty- second degree. He was a member of the Chicago Consistory. He was married in 1873 to Miss Sarah Dunn, a native of Cayuga county, New York, and daughter of James Dunn. Mrs. Clarke is a highly educated woman, and is noted for her religious zeal and earnest Christian work. Ik- has one daughter by a former marriage, Nellie A., the wife of Mr. John Black, of Chicago. While Colonel Clarke's career has been one of unusual activity, and successful from a business standpoint, he has been brought into special prominence as a religious teacher and Christian worker. He was converted to Christianity in i860, while in the mining-regions of Colorado, and ever since has devoted himself with untiring zeal to the work of winning others to that cause. Both he and his wife are connected with the Con- gregational Church, and for many years have been co-workers with Mr. Dwight L. Moody in evan- gelical work, and their influence has been felt, not only in Chicago, but throughout many parts of the L'nited States. They founded and have long sustained the Pacific Garden Mission, which has proved one of the most useful reformatory in- stitutions of Chicago. It was started in 1877, in a store at No. 286 South Clark street, in one of the most depraved sections of the city, commonly known as the " Levee." Religious services have been kept up every night and on Sundays, and the work has grown until now there is maintained not only gospel services, but also a large Sunday- school, a free sewing-school, a free kindergarten, Bible-classes, organized prison-work and a regular system of house-to-house visitation among the poor and neglected classes. In order to accommodate the crowds who thronged the mission, commodious i|uartcrs at the cornci' of Clark and \'an Buren streets were secured, where night after night as- sembled hundreds of all classes of neglected and degraded men and women, eagerly seeking the truth and a better life. These quarters in time became overcrowded and Colonel Clarke leased and fitted up the spacious rooms at the corner of Van Buren street and Fourth avenue, the present home of the mission. Besides the \arious depart- ments of work mentioned, there is also a lodging house, where the poor converts can secure lodg- ing for a small compensation, and are provided willi tickets when they ha\e no money to pay. For fifteen years Colonel and Mrs. Clarke have carried on this benevolent work, bringing the gospel in a most practical way to the thousands who else had never felt its beneficent influence. The most debased have been lifted up. Criminals have been reformed; drunkards have been re- claimed; hearts and homes from which light and hope had fled have been warmed into a new life and made happy and glad. Men and women 478 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARV AXD PORTRAIT OALLERY. who were so dcgracieil by\icious indulgences that the attempt to reform them seemed almost a hopeless task, have become helpful members of so- ciety through the work here done, and are living useful lives, many of them preaching to others that gospel that saved them. For ten years Colonel Clarke bore the expenses of this extensive work, which averaged about six thousand dollars per year, almost alone. But for five years past, others connected with the mission have helped him in carrying the financial burden. In this vast enter- prise Colonel Clarke has had the constant and earnest co-operation of his estimable wife, who devotes herself not only to the work in the mis- sion-rooms, but spends a large portion of each week visiting among the poor, and especially the prisoners at the county jail. The results show that the cause is a most worthy one and too much praise cannot be given to those who have so cheerfully made the sacrifices necessary to se- cure them. But they do not seek or desire praise or renown, but feel that they are doing only what they ought in carrying out the scriptural injunc- tion, "Go ye out into the highways and compel the people to come in, that mv house may be filled." EDWARD P. GRISWOLD, CHICAGO, ILL. AMONG the names of the prominent business men of Chicago who have been closely identified with its interests, and have assisted in its mar\clous growth, and who, while helping to build up a metropolis, have founded for them- selves reputations more enduring than iron or stone, stands that of Edward P. Griswold, one who, by force of native ability and steady per- severance, has raised himself to a position of wealth and honor. His life-history illustrates in a marked degree what may be accomplished by well directed efforts and a strict adherence to correct business principles. Mr. Griswold is a native of Connecticut. He was born near Hartford, August 6, 1838, the son of Thomas and Jerusha (Wells) Griswold. His father was the leading cloth manufacturer in that State. The boyhood of our subject was spent in the public schools of his native town, and he finished his education at East Hampton, Massa- chusetts. In 1854 he began as a clerk in the employ of Mr. S. W. Griswold, who was then in the same line of business in which Mr. Griswold is now engaged, at Hartford, Connecticut. In 1857 he went to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and for six years was engaged with his brother, Mr. J. W. Griswold, in the cloak manufacturing business. In 1863 they removed to Chicago, where they continued the manufacture of ladies' and children's cloaks under the firm name of J. W. Griswold & Co. The business of this firm constantly increased from its start, in 1857, and has grown to be one of the largest of its kind in America. Since the retirement of Mr. J. W. Griswold, in 1886, the management has become more aggressive, and there are no more energetic, popular or better merchants in the cloak trade than his successors, Mr. Edward P. Grisw^old and Mr. P. B. Palmer; each of whom having been brought up in the business, are thoroughly conver- sant with all of the details of what is considered the most difficult lines of manufacture. It has been the aim of the firm from its very start to the present time to manufacture only garments that could be depended upon for style, and that would give satisfaction in the wear. The popularity of the house with its customers is a well known-fact, which is due to the universal satisfaction which their garments have given. No firm has a better record, and it has been established longer than any other house in this country, passing through the financial crises of 1857 and 1877, and the great Chicago fire of 1871. While thousands of firms were stranded and others settled at various per- centages of their indebtedness, this firm always met all of its obligations, paying one hundred cents on the dollar. As a citizen, no man stands higher than Ed- ward P. Griswold. While he is modest in his de- meanor and unostentatious, he is always in the front rank in all matters of reform. He is a deacon in the I-"irst Presbyterian Church, and a Y^-i i ^^ '/ / f PIOCRAI'HICAI. IVCTIOXAKV .I.VP rOKTRAIT CAl.I.ERV. 481 man wlio has bettered the world by having' Hvcd Mr. Griswold was married in the year 1865 in it. to Miss Mary Hrowning. They have four chil- He belongs to tlie Union League and Haniil- dren — two sons and two daughters - Edward ton clubs, and is a member of the Citizens' Asso- Hrowning, Mary Maude, Grace and Harold elation and the Art Institute of Chicago. Griswold. JOSEPH EIBOECK, I)i:S .MOINKS, IOWA. AMONG the few journalists who have won distinction in writing for the press in both the two leading languages in the United States is Joseph Eiboeck, the present editor and proprietor of three journals — the lon'a Staats-Atizcigcr, Dcr Haus-Schatz and Soitnttigs-Post, of Des Moines, Iowa. He was born in Szeleskut (Breitenbrunn), Hungary, on the 23d of February, 1838, and is the only child of Joseph and Marie Eiboeck. When quite young his father was killed in a duel. At six years of age he was taken to Vienna, the capital of Austria, and placed in an educational institute. His boj-hood days were passed in tlie stormy days of the revolution of 1848-49. Re- siding in the heart of the city, within a stone's throw of the great St. Stephan's Church, he was a youthful but eager eye-witness of the exciting and often harrowing scenes of that eventful pe- riod. It was there, doubtless, upon the barricade immediately in front of his parental home, with the banners flying, the black-red-and-gold cock- ades worn exultantly and the vivats of liberty and equality resounding, as speaker after speaker harangued the multitudes and aroused them to their duties as citizens and patriots, that he drank in that spirit of freedom and an antagonism to all forms of oppression with which his nature has been imbued all his life. After that sanguinary revolution his stepfather, Paul Kiene, who participated in that struggle, was forced into exile, and with his family came to America in the spring of 1849, settling in Du- bucjue, Iowa. Soon after coming there, Joseph entered the office of the Miner's Express as an apprentice under Col. Wm. II. Merritt, where he learned the printer's trade and the English lan- guage at the same time. While an apprentice and journeyman printer he applied himself during his leisure hours to study, with great assiduity. and qualified himself for the position of teacher, in which occupation he was engaged for several years. It is worthy of note here, that the first time he ever saw the interior of a common school in the United States was when he entered one as teacher, after having successfully passed a thor- ough examination, and that was two years before he was of age. In 1859 li"^ purchased the Elkader (Clayton county, Iowa,) Journal, an English paper, which he edited and published for thirteen years. He was also the founder of the Elkader Nord Iowa Herold, a German weekly, which he conducted for a time, in addition to his other paper. In 1872 he sold out and devoted himself to the com- pletion of the history of Clayton county, upon which he had been engaged for some years. Thereafter, partly for his health but mainly for information, he traveled extensively in the United .States and Territories, visiting the Pacific Coast and the upper portion of Mexico. In 1873 he was appointed an honorary commissioner from Iowa to the World's Fair at Vienna, and after discharging the duties of his mission made a tour of the Continent, visiting the principal cities of Europe. Upon his return to Iowa he prepared and delivered some very interesting and instruct- ive lectures upon his observations abroad. In I""ebruary, 1874, not long after his return from his European tour, Mr. Eiboeck purchased the foica Staats-Anzeiger, which he has continued to publish ever since, covering a period of seven- teen years, during which time he has made it one of the leading German papers of the Northwest. The paper is a large, nine-column folio, and al- ways contains froin two to three columns of edi- torials in English print on the leading political issues of the day, an innovation on the custom of publishers of German papers which has proved a 482 mOGRAI'HlCAL DICTIONARY AM^ I'ORTRAIT GALLERY. marked success. He has made the loioa Staats Anzcigcr noted as the leading exponent of the principles of personal liberty as opposed to all sumptuary legislation. In addition to the paper mentioned he edited the Herald of Liberty and the State Independent for several years, and is now also editing and publishing the liaus-Schatz and the Sonntags-Post, two popular local German liter- ary papers. But it was not as a journalist alone that Mr. Eibocck attained distinction. Being able to speak in both English and German, he has been, each year for many years, called into the political campaigns of not only his own State, but repeatedly into Ohio, Indiana, Nebraska, Illi- nois, Minnesota and Dakota, where he has done effective work for his party. On the 15th of September, 1863, Mr. Eiboeck was married in Cedar Falls, Iowa, to Miss Fannie Garrison, an American lady, a native of Detroit, Michigan. They have one child, a daughter — Marie, now the wife of S. C. McFarland, editor of the Marshalltown Tiines-Repiiblicaji. Politically Mr. Eiboeck was a Republican until 1872, when he joined the independent party and was a delegate to the Cincinnati convention which nominated Horace Greeley, but since that time he has acted enthusiastically with the Democrats. In 1878 he was nominated for the office of Audi- tor of State against Gov. Buren R. Sherman, and came within a few thousand of his election, at a time when the Republican majority ranged from thirty to fift\- thousand. He is a member of Capital Lodge, No. 1 10, A. F. and A. M., of Corinthian Chapter, No. 14, R. A. M., and of Temple Commandery, No. 4, Knights Templar. He also belongs to Jonathan Lodge, No. 137, 1. O. O. F., the German Turner Association, and was during its existence for two years, president of the Des Moines Press Club. In addition to his journalistic and political work Mr. Eiboeck is also engaged in literary work in both English and German. He is a fluent and forcible writer, and bold and courageous as he is, he is also courteous and gentlemanly toward all, and thus has won many warm friends among the intellectual people of the Northwest, both Ger- mans and Americans, who admire his firmness and his untiring efforts in behalf of individual liberty. Mr. Eiboeck is one of the commissioners to the World's Columbian Exposition from Iowa. CHARLES S. CRANE, CHICAGO, ILL. AMONG the early settlers whose skill and en- terprise have made him widely known among the leading manufacturing interests of Chicago, was Mr. Charles S. Crane. He was born at Passaic Falls, Paterson, N. J., March 21, 1834, and is the son of Timotln' B. and Maria iRyerson) Crane. His paternal ancestors are traced to the original May P"lower colony, which settled at Plymouth, Mass., in 1620. His father, Timothy B. Crane, learned the carpenter's trade in Litchfield, Conn., and became a contractor and builder in New- York City. He erected a mansion for (iovcrnor Dewitt Clinton and enjoyed intimate personal relations with him. He removed to Passaic Falls to en- gage in milling business, and erected saw and Hour mills in New Jersey. He married Miss Teller, a descendant of the original Knickerbocker colony, from ;\msterdam. Subsequenth- he married Miss Maria Ryerson, sister of the late Martin Ryerson, of Chicago, there being four children, Charles S. the youngest of the family. In his boyhood days he attended school at Paterson, during this time working before school hours, and after school hours were over returning to his work. At the age of sixteen he went to Lockport, N. V., and learned the trade of moulding, and returneil to Paterson after finishing his trade. He worked as a moulder in Danforth's Locomotive Works, after which he came to Chicago, in 1855, and en- gaged in business with his brother in the manu- facture of brass goods, umler the firm name of R. T. Crane & Bro. In 1S59 they built and o[)erated a foundr\- in connection with their other work. In 1S65 they manufactured largely in iron i)ipe, the first being made west of Pittsburg, and the same year they ^^ d^ (en -C t^ M ^ lilOuRAI'IIICAI. JUCnOX.lRY AXP I'(Urrh'.l/r CMJAJiV. 4S3 erected works for the mamifacture of malleable iron. About this time they organized a stock- company and changed the name to the Xorth- W'estern ^lanufacturing Company, which tlie\- re- tained until 1872, about this time Mr. Crane re- tiring from the company, after which the name of the company was changed to the Crane Bros. Manufacturing Company, which grew to be one of the largest and best institutions of the kind in the countr)-. In 1871 Mr. Crane assisted in the organization of the Wright & Lawther Oil and Lead Manufac- turing Company, being its vice-president, and in 1885 filling the office of president. He engaged in the dock and dredging business as a general contractor in 1873, carrying it on with his other business until the present company was incorporated in 1877. Mr. Crane took an active interest in public affairs and was a widely known and highly re- spected citizen. Mr. Crane was married on Sep- tember 23, 1857, to Miss Eliza J. Ik-yea, of I'ater- son, N. J. There were two children, Frank R. and Charles B. The youngest son, Charles B., died a few weeks prior to the death of his father, which occurred September 8, 1887. He was a member of Cleveland Lodge, No. 21 I. A. F. vK: A. M.; Washington Chapter, No. 43, R. A. i\L; Siloan Council, No. 53, R. & S. M.; Chicago Commander\-, No. ig, K. T.: the Orien- tal Consistor\-. S. 1'. R. S., No. },2. and was a member of tJie conclave of the Knights of the Red Cross of Rome and Constantine. He leaves a widow, Mrs. Eliza J. Crane, and one son, Frank R. Crane, who succeeds him in his business affairs. HENRY C NOVES, CHICAGO, ILL. Tl I II gentleman whose name heads this sketch is a native of the Green Mountain State, and was born at Derby Line, Orleans county, Janyary 22, 1846, the son of Adam S. Noyes, a banker, who removed to the West and settled at Rockford, Illinois, in 1858, but returned to Boston in 1867. Our subject had five brothers and a brother-in-law in the Union army during the war of the rebellion. He, himself, entered the army in 1863, and served gallantly until he was mus- tered out. He was six months in the One Hundred and Thirty-fourth Regiment, Illinois Volunteer Infantry, under Captain Milligan. He received his primary education in the public schools, and subseciuently entered Beloit College. In 1866 he entered the law department of Michi- gan University, and was graduated therefrom in the .spring of 1869, and .admitted to the bar, and at once entered upon the [iractice of his pro- fession at Chicago. He has been engaged in numerous suits in connection with railroads and other large corporations, and is considered one of the foremost corporation lawyers in Chicago. He is attorney for the Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company, and the Manhattan Life In- surance Company of New York, and other large corporations. Mr. Noyes keeps abreast of the current decisions of the courts, and is thoroughly versed in all of the laws relating to practice in the State and Federal courts. He is an excellent advocate, and his management of his ca.ses in court is masterful. Mr. Noyes won laurels in the case of Henry W. Price, a well-known business man of Rockford, Illinois, and his nephew, Charles H. Fox, against Lewis E. Maddaugh and the heirs of George W. Nob'e, before Judge Tully, in the circuit court of Cook county, in October, 1889, which ca.se was appealed to the Supreme Court and there af- firmed. Its decision established a trust of forty years' standing^ (a much longer time than the re- port of any case shows in any Western State), and it was only won by the energy and persever- ance of the counsel in charge of the case. It was bitterly contested. Associated with Mr. Noyes, for the complainants, was J. C. Garver, of Rockford, and the well-known firms of McCagg ami Culver. Messrs. Goudy and Green appeared for the defendants. Mr. Noyes proved that for a number of years prior to 1848, William H. I'rice was engaged in the planing mill business near the corner of Clinton and Randolph streets. In Sep- 484 BIOCRAPinCAL niCTIOXARV AXn PORTRAIT GALLERY. tcinbLT, 1r the wider and more active field of commercial life. In 1867 he moved from Virginia to Kentucky, where he engaged in merchandising and the manufacture of woolen goods. In iSGg he was married to Miss luiima Warner, of Owensboro, Kentucky. Three eliiid- ren were born to them, all of whom died when quite young, and in 1875 his wife also tlied. In 1877 business affairs brought him on a visit to Texas. When he surveyed the great possibilities of the grand State, for whose industrial develop- ment he was to do so much, he determined to sever his ties of residence with old Kentucky and become a Texan. He has rejjresented the State of Te.xas at conventions of cattlemen, bankers' associations, commercial congresses and expo.si- tions and political conventions at many and various times. In 1884 he was one of the repre- sentatives of the State in the convention that nominated Mr. Cleveland for the presidency. This same year he was a delegate to the cattlemen's convention which met at St. Louis. He was appointed vice-president for Texas of the Cotton Centennial held at New Orleans in 1885, and this year was alsa appointed colonel and quarter- master-general of the Texas volunteer troops. In 1887 he was elected vice-president for Texas of the American Bankers' Association, held at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. This year he assisted in the organization of the North Texas National Bank, of Dallas, of which he is vice-president. He was chairman of the State Democratic Exec- utive Committee during the stormy time that pro- hibition promised to split the Democratic party in twain. In 1889 he was president of the Texas State Fair and Dallas Exposition, one of the most successful institutions of its character in the coun- try. In all these places he has reflected credit on himself and on his State, and whether in a State or national convention his conspicuous superiority as a man of force, fearlessness and character has made him a figure of attraction and given him a place as the equal of the best of his fellows. In the discharge of his duties as a representa- tive he displays the enthusiastic interest of a per- sonal champion of a ])crs(inal friend, and always, whether acting for himself or for others, his task commands his best ability. He is a faithful be- liever in the future of his State. He has told the story of her undeveloped greatness to the mon- eyed men of the East and to the traveler from all sections, and has been the' means of develop- ing this greatness above and beyond any other. In that development his personal accumulations have approximated a million dollars, a purse that /^-^^^^^ BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIO.XARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. 513 is touched with no sparing hand when the enter- prises of his State need encouragement. It maj- be said with truth, that every dollar of all that fortune that he has made for himself is repre- sented by ten dollars made for tiie people among whom he lives. Mr. Exall has just finished the construction of one of the most majestic and costly buildings in the South. During its construction he miglu have been seen on any day in light conversation with the men who drove the nails and laid the brick, and attending to the details of the work. His mind is so comprehensive that even the smallest particulars do not escape its notice. This mental scope has made Mr. Exall a successful exponent of all the industrial enterprises that he has originated and promoted. In the city of Dallas, whore he lives, everybody is his friend. Here, in 1887, he married his second wife, nee Miss May Dickson, a most attractive and accom- plished lady, who makes their home a veritable haven of rest from the many cares of his busy life. His public expressions are always the embodi- ment of earnest consideration for the betterment of all alike, and when they contain advice as to a line of action every word is tinged with a heart's sincerity. Omission of the mention of the tenderness that characterizes the domestic relations of the subject of this sketch, and the filial regard shown his aged parents, would render it incomplete. Inci- dents in illustration, without number, might be given by the writer, but it is sufficient to say that it has been, and still is one of his chief pleasures to minister to the every want of the venerable couple who nurtured him in infancy and inspired his youthful heart with high principles and aspi- rations which have been realized by the force of his own efforts. He is not known as the donor of any conspicuous gift in charity, but he is the quiet distributor of more alms to worthy objects than the average man of twice his wealth. And while in his modesty he prefers to remain the sole repository of the secrets of his own benevo- lence, it is known to all that no man ever dis- closed to him a worthy cause with a request for help that he did not receive a prompt and liberal response. He has been repeatedly urged by both press and people to allow himself to become a candi- date for governor, but he has always declined. As a Democratic comniissioner-at-Iarge for the United States (appointed by President Harrison I to the World's Columbian E.xpositioir, he will bring to bear upon its organization and develop- ment rare business abilities, and such as cannot fail to be of great value and assistance to his fellow-commissioners, the people of the United States at large and to the people of Texas in particular. ROBERT WILKINSON FURNAS, BRO\VN\ILLK, NEB. ROBERT WILKINSON FURNAS was born at Troy, in Miami county, Ohio, May 5, 1824. He is of English origin. Mis great- grandparents were natives of England, while his grandparents, and his father and mother, were bom and raised in South Carolina. On both sides he is descended from old Puritan ancestry, being able to trace his descent as far back as 1637 very clearly. At fourteen years of age, young Furnas was apprenticed to a tin-smith for two years. He then learned the printers" trade at Covington, Kentucky, serving a four years' apprenticeship, one year as " roller boy," one year at the " case," one "at press," and one as "foreman." Having completed his time, he became the proprietor of a book and job printing concern at Cincinnati, Ohio; then editor and publisher of the Times, in his native town. He afterwards became a railroad conductor, and then a railroad express agent. In 1855 he settled in his present home, and became editor and publisher of the Nebraska Advertiser, and from that time until the present has been a prominent figure in the affairs of his State. For four years he was a member of the Council branch of the Territorial legislature. Immediately preceding the war of the rebellion 514 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. he was Brigadier General of the State Militia. At the opening of the war he was commissioned by President Lincoln as a Colonel. He ren- dered valuable services by recruiting and com- manding a body of friendly Indians from the Indian Territory. Resigning this command he was appointed by the Governor of Nebraska, Colonel of the Second Regiment Nebraska Cavalrj', and served under General Alfred Sully in the Northern Indian campaign up the Mis- souri river. At the expiration of this service he was appointed by President Lincoln agent for the Omaha and Winnebago Indians. In 1872 he was elected Governor of Nebraska. While in the legislature, amongst his other works, he framed and secured the passage of the first educational law in Nebraska. Mr. Furnas has been a member (and has held the secretarj-- ship for over six years) of the State Board of Agriculture from its origin, and was once the president. He built the first school-house in Nebraska, and was President of the first Terri- torial Educational Convention. He has been secretar}^ and president of the Nebraska Horti- cultural Society, and has been president of the State Soldiers' Union. He is the present president of the State Historical Society, and was one of the State University Regents, and is a commissioner at large of the World's Columbian Exposition. He is a member of the Masonic Order, and has been Grand Master, High Priest, Master of the Grand Council, R. and S. M., Commander of the Grand Commander)-, K. T., and Grand Patron of the Grand Chapter. O. E. S., and President of the Grand Council, Order of High Priesthood, all of the State of Nebraska, while he is also Hon. Sov. Gr. Ins. Gen., thirty-third degree, of the Supreme Council, A. and A. S. R., Southern Jurisdiction, Grand Intendant Gen. for Nebraska, Knights of tlie Red Cross of Constantine. In addition to being a member of si.x local lodges, one of which bears his name, he is also verj- prom- inent amongst the Odd Fellows of the State, and has held many offices in that Order. In politics, originally a Whig, he is now a Republican ; while in religious faith he is a Pres- byterian. ?ilr. Furnas married, in 1S45, Miss Man,- E. McCornas, of Cincinnati, Ohio. Of eight children born to them three sons and two daughters survi\e. Since 1868 Mr. Furnas has been engaged in farming and fruit-raising. Nebraska has manj' public-spirited and honored cftizens, but none are more wideh* known, more worthily esteemed, or more ready to serve her interests than he. FRANCIS J. KENNETT, CH1CA(;0, ILL. FR.ANCIS J. KENNETT was born in St. Louis, Missouri, December 10, 1847. He is justly proud of his ancestry-, being descended from an old and honorable English family. Sir John Kennett came to America in 1642, being obliged to leave England when Cromwell came into power for refusing to renounce allegiance to the King, and swear fealty to the new regime. He was made a prisoner, his estates confiscated and ultimately, being allowed to leave England, he sailed for the Colony of Virginia and settled near Norfolk, the family remaining for many years in the \icinity of Norfolk and on the eastern shore of Maryland, the great-grandfather of Mr. Kennett finally coming West and settling in Kentucky, near Falmouth, where Luther M. Kennett, his father, was born in 1807. In 1818 his father was appointed a midshipman in the navy, but shortly afterward was thrown from a horse, breaking his arm and sustaining other injuries which made it impossible for him to pass the necessary physical examination, and obliged him to renounce a sea- faring life. He afterward studied law in the office of his cousin, General Taylor, and early in 1825 removed to St. Louis, where, in 1842, he married his cousin. Miss Agnes Kennett. His abilit\-. energy and honesty soon won him recognition, and in addition to success in commercial enterprises, he became a member of Congress, was three times elected ma\'or of St. Louis, was president of the ^^^U^CL^ KIOGKAPHICAL DICTIOXARV A\H J'OKT/^A/T GALLERY. 517 Missouri Pacific and Iron Mountain Railroads, a director in several banks, and a man of social prominence. He died in Paris, France, in 1873,31 the a<^e of sixty-six. leaving seven sons, the second of whom is the subject of this sketch. The early education of l-Vancis Kennctt was conducted by governesses and tutors at his father's coiintrv- seat near St. Louis. Later he attended Washing- ton Univcrsit)-, St. Louis, and Seton Hall Col- lege, New Jersey, and in 1866 he went to Europe and spent several years in travel and stud\-, be- coming proficient in French and German, and acquiring a taste for art and literature. In 1874 he married Ella Frances Durand, only daughter of J. ^L Durand, Esq., of Chicago, and in 1878 he engaged in business on the Board of Trade. During the first years of his business career he met with serious reverses, but by perseverance, close application and a strict adherence to cautious, conservative methods, he soon overcame all obstacles, and became a prominent figure in the front rank of the .shrewd, active business men who have made the Hoard of Trade of Chicago the greatest and most influential com- mercial botly of its kind in the world. To-day Mr. Kennctt is the senior partner in the large banking and commission house of Kennett, Hoj> kins & Co., of Chicago and New York, and his name is added to the list of those to whose energy and enterprise Chicago owes her phenom- enal prosperity. Modest and retiring in dis- position, lu- has never taken an active part in political or niunici])al affairs, biit has always been a quiet and untiring supporter of men whose reputation and character were calculated to purify public office, lie isan unostentatious, though free contributor to charity, and in his family circle and among his intimate friends his hospitality and liberality are proverbial. A marked char- acteristic is his tender regard for and devotion to his mother, a very highly educated and cul- tivated lady. His home is embellished with those luxuries and comforts which are the evidences of a refined taste, combined with worldly prosperity, and he is happy in the possession of a devoted wife and five lovelj- children. Though not a club-man in its broadest sense, Mr. Kennett is a member of the Chicago and Washington Park clubs of Chicago, and of the Manhattan and New York clubs of New \'ork. AUGUSTUS GEO. BULLOCH, WORCKSTER. .MASS. AUGUSTUS GEO. BULLOCH. Commis- sioner-at-Large, was born at Enfield, Con- necticut, June 2, 1847. Resides now and always resided at Worcester, ^L'^ssachusetts. Son of Ale.xander Hamilton Bulloch and Elvira (Hazard) Bulloch. Ale.xander Hamilton Bulloch, who died in January, 1882, was one of the best known men in Massachusetts, where he was for many years prominent in literarj- and political circles. He was Speaker of the House of Rep- resentatives of Massachusetts for five years, a member of its senate, one of the judges of its court, and finally Governor of Massachusetts in the years 1866, 1867 and 1868. He was tendered the ministry to England by President Hayes, but was obliged to decline it on account of ill health. He received the degree of LL.D. from Amherst and Harvard Colleges. He was, perhaps, the finest orator Massachusetts has produced since Edward Everett, and his orations and addresses ha\e been collected and published. Augustus Geo. Bulloch, the subject of this sketch, entered Harvard College in 1 864, was grad- uated in 1868, receiving the degree of A.l^. and three years later took the degree of A.^L After graduation he traveled in Europe for a year, and on his return home, wishing to learn something of practical business, connected himself for a year or so with a banking house. But the natural tendency of his mind, his taste and inclin- ations was rather towards a study of law and lit- erar)' and scholastic pursuits. After several j'ears of study he was admitted to the bar of Worcester county. He practiced law for seven years, during most of which time he was associated with Senator Hoar and Judge Nelson of the United District Court, who at that time were practicing in Wor- cester. In 18S3 the Directors of the State .Mutual 5i8 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY AND PORTRAIT GALLERY. Life Assurance Company, wishing to develop and enlarge its business, determined to select some young man of acknowledged ability and reputa- tion to be at the head of it, and offered to Mr. Bulloch the presidency and treasurcrship. The State Mutual is a very old company with large surplus, and the highest reputation for conserv- atism and strength — one of the most prominent financial institutions of New England. It was not an offer to be declined. Mr. Bulloch accepted it January, 1883, and now holds the offices named. During his administration the assets of the com- pany have more than doubled, and the business of the company is being pushed in all directions in a very profitable manner. It has a large business in the principal cities of the West, notably Chicago. A great many of its investments have been made in Chicago ■ in mortgages on improved business property. Most of these have been placed under Mr. Bulloch's supervision. He has had for many years a large acquaintance among Chicago busi- ness men, and is well known also socially. His acquaintance and personal relations thus admi- rably qualify him to aid in all the work relating to the Exposition. His relations to nian_\' of the members of the Chicago Directory are of an in- timate personal character, and they have always had his hearty co-operation and enthusiastic sup- port from the first session of the Commission as they undoubtedly will have until the last. Mr. Bulloch is a member of various literary societies, among them the American Bar Associa- tion, the Archaeological Institute of America, the American Antiquarian Society, etc. He is presi- dent and treasurer of the State Mutual Life Assu- rance Company of Worcester, Massachusetts, director in several banks, railroads and other business corporations. He is a Democrat in politics and has been from the first, but has but little time, and perhaps in- clination, to take an active part in politics. He is the only Commissioner-at-Large appointed from New England. As chairman of the Committee on Fine Arts Mr. Bulloch has a very important duty to perform in the formation and administra- tion of the Exposition, which his taste and edu- cation eminently qualify him to perform. He married in 1871 Mary Chandler, daughter of Dr. Geo. Chandler of Worcester, and they have three sons, the oldest a student at Harvard College. HENRY CLAUSSENIUS. CHICAGO, ILL. HENRY CLAUSSENIUS, a prominent busi- ness man of Chicago, for many years Ger- man consul and now Austrian consul, was born on the first of February, 1825, at Eschwege, Electorate of Hessen — since 1868 province of Hesse-Nassau — kingdom of Prussia, and is the son of Anton Wilhelm Claussenius and Maria Louisa, me W^^gner. His father was a justice of the circuit court at Eschwege and Bischhausen, and died February 5, 1831. His mother was a native of Cassel, and died in 1867. His grand- parents were Rev. William Claussenius, of Allen- dorf, and Christian Wagner, of Cassel, court sta- tioner of the Elector of Hesse and the King of Westphalia. After the death of his father, which occurred when he was six years old, his mother was sup- ported by a pension, and with him removed to her home in Cassel, where he was educated at the expense of his near relatives, all of whom were high officials of the government of Hesse. Among them were William Eicken- burg, presiding judge of the Court of Appeals and William Becher, privy secretary of the treasury. After receiving his primary education he at- tended the Gymnasium and State Seminary, and qualified himself for teaching, to the entire satis- faction of his professors. At the close of his studies he was appointed teacher for Bischhausen, receiving a compensation of about one hundred thalers per annum. Owing to his meagre salary he left this position, and became private in- structor and companion of Comte de Viomeiiil, of Rouen, who desired to learn the German lan- guage. With him he traveled through Germany, Italy and France, and on leaving the position, in 1847, established a private school at Bischhausen, V^'^ '^^ ^^^'t: -^ ^e/r J 7 t^c^ ^ y BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. 521 which he conductoii with success till the revolution of 184S. In March of this year he went to Erfurt, thence to Cassel, seeking in vain for employment, and finally, in 1850, dissatisfied with the political con- dition of his countrj\ determined to cmi<;rate to the United States of America. Accordingh", on the 13th of June, he took passage on the Bremen sailing-vessel Agnes, and, after a trip of sixty- three days, landed in New York with three Prus- sian thalers in his pocket. He immediately found work, engaging in vari- ous kinds of employment — as paper-hanger and journeyman in an umbrella factory, sign and win- dow-shade painter, and as a carver. Being a good draughtsman, he was quite successful in this last employment. Knowing something of the English language, and understanding the German and French per- fectly, his condition steadily improved, and he never had occasion to repent coming to a republic whose peculiar institutions afford so many chances for the development and advancement of the youth of other countries. On the 2d of May, 1854, he married Miss Johanna Tilly, at which time he was doing a good paying business, employing five carvers and two apprentices, and clearing from twenty to thirty dollars per week, which then represented much more than at present. His wife, who died a few years ago, was of a highly respectable family in the former Duchy of Nassau (her father having been a court offi- cial, who died early, leaving little means for the education of his three children), and through her acquaintance Mr. Claussenius was intro- duced to some American families in New York of highest financial and social standing, and also to the former consul-general of Prussia, Sa.x- ony, Baden, etc., the Hon. J. W. Schmidt, who was at that time senior partner of one of the oldest German mercantile firms of New York City. Early in 1855, Mr. .Schmidt being about to make a visit to Europe, induced Mr. Claussenius to accept a position as private secre- tary in his consulate office, and give up his carv- ing-shop to his brother George. Upon Mr. Schmidt's return from Europe he appointed Mr. Claussenius chancellor of the consulate-general, which position he occupied until May, 1864, when he was ap])ointed by the Prussian government consul for Chicago, being recommended for the place by Baron Von Gerolt, the well-known Prus- sian minister, for many years at Washington ; by liaron Edward Yon der Hcydt (son of the Prus- sian minister of finance), and by consul-general Schmidt. Arri\ing at Chicago he was further appointctl consul of Sa.xony, Mecklenburg, Duchy of Alten- burg, the Thuringian Principalities, Schwarzburg, Rudolstaat and .Sondershausen, Duchy of Anhalt and Grand Duchy of Baden, etc. After the war of Prussia against Austria, in 1866, he was appointed consul of the North Ger- man Confederation, and after the I'ranco-German war (1870-71 ) he was again appointed consul of the German Empire, including Alsace and Lor- raine. He has always been very successful in discharging his duties to the satisfaction of the German government, and at the same time car- ried on a private business of his own, both at New York and Chicago. In October, 1864, he established with but little capital a passage ticket, foreign exchange and col- lecting-house in Chicago, based on his own good name and credit. Doing only legitimate trans- actions on a small scale, his business is not one of the largest of Chicago, but is progressing slowlj' and surely. The great fire of 1871 swept away his house and office, library, etc., involving a loss to him of eighteen thousand dollars. The panic of 1873-74 caused many a wealthier house to totter and fall, yet Mr. Claussenius has steadily prospered and rebuilt his private resi- dence, eighty by one hundred feet, on the corner of Cass and Superior streets, where he now resides. He has six children — Adolph, Edward, George, Henry, Mina and Bismarck, of whom Adolph, Edward and Geotge are in his business. Since the death of his partner, Robert Schnitz- ler, in 1873, Mr. Claussenius has been the sole proprietor of the firm of H. Claussenius & Co. P'or his official services he has been honored by the respective governments with the following decorations, namely : First, Comthur's cross, first class of the Order of .-Xlbrecht the Brave, King of Saxony; second, knight's cross, first class of the Order of Lion of Zaeringin, Grand Duke of Ba- den ; third, knight's cross of the Order of the Ernestinian House, Duke of .\ltenburg ; fourth. 522 BrOGRAl'inCAL DICTIONARY A.\D PORTRAIT GALLERY. kniglit's cross, first class of Order of Francis Joseph, Emperor of Austria. In social life, in establishinear. I-le was the eldest son of a family of nine children, and received his early education in the district school and from such ^^^^ mOGRAI'mCAL DICTIOXAIiY AXn PORTRAIT CAU.ERY. 525 help as is usual in a country home. His da\s were those of most country boys willing and able to work. At the age of eighteen he removed to Troy, and for seventeen years was engaged the greater part of that period — either as employo or employer in the book and stationery business. As the proprietor of tlic Troy liook Store, Mr. Jones was widely know 11 and highly respected. In the moments stolen from his business, he devoted himself diligently to study and succeded in making up for the loss of a more liberal education in early life. Possessing an excellent memorj- and an inquiring mind, Ik will to-ila\- compare favorably with those who ha\c had the advantages of a college course. Having acquired a thorough business training and knowledge, Mr. Jones took Horace Greeley's advice to go west. In 1857 he removed to Chicago, where he deter- mined to commence business. For that purpose he purchased the business of Messrs. Rurley & Co., a blank book and stationery firm, 122 Lake street. This house had been established in 1835, before the city had been incorporated. The J. M. W. Jones Company is the lineal descendent of the old house and is, we believe, the oldest and most complete manufacturing firm of the kind in Chicago to-day. For ten years Mr. Jones carried on business with energy and success in the Lake street house, but in 1867 he removed to larger premises to accommodate his increased business. He again enlarged in 1869. The great strain and constant business anxiety began to tell on his health, and in obedience to medical ad\ice .md his family's wishes he took a vacation in Europe. Renewed in health and energy, he returned only to work more closely. The fire of iS/r brought disaster to Mr. Jones, as it did to hundreds of others. While the fire was still raging, and although he had lost everything but his real- estate, he secured other premises on Canal street and began again. This is characteristic of the man. Everything swept away, yet his indomit- able courage was apparent. His credit was then as good as it is now, but in the panic of 1873 he allowed most of his real estate to go, that his credit might remain untarnished. His business reputation and honorable methods brought him safely through this crisis to which so many succumbed. We next find him at Nos. 104 and 106 Madison street w ith a larger business than ever. The difficulties that overwhelmed other men only made him inore energetic, earnest and successful. In 1879 '1^' removed to the corner of Monroe and Dearborn streets, where he applied himself unsparingl)' to his increasing business. Three years ago, Mr. Jones found that it would be greatly to the advantage of the company to have suitable i)remises of their own, specially built for the business. True to the business instinct which guided him, he again moved south, this time to Sherman street, near the New Board of Trade building. Every business man knows that the city's center of trafific has been and is steadily tending southwanl. It was Lake street, then Randolph Street, ami now it is Madison street. There is no doubt that \ an Huren street and even Harrison street will ha\c their day. It is noticeable that eveiy location made by Mr. Jones has been in the line and in anticipation of the city's change of traffic. Mr. Jones has built commodious premises with one hundred feet front by ninety-four feet deep and six stories high, and now occupies them in this rajjidly improving thoroughfare. This is, we believe, one of the many proofs Mr. Jones has given of business fore- sight and sagacity. Ouiet, unassuming and courteous, he makes friends of all with whom he comes in contact. Mrm in the discharge of his dut\-, experienced in financial transactions, and safe in his investments, he is an acknowledged authorit}- in the business world. During his long residence in Chicago he has proved himself to be a man of keen business insight, scrupulously honorable and of unblemished integrity. With a record unsullied and above reproach from the time he left his humble parents' farm in New York to the present, when he holds the responsible position of head of the oldest business firm of this cit\-, J, M. W. Jones stands forth the t\pe ,uul the embodiment of the kindly, generous and unosten- tatious self-made man. Mr. Jones takes an intelligent interest in politics, lie has very strong convictions, but takes no active part in political struggles. He is an earnest and uncompromising free-trader, and holds the tariff to be a tax and an unjust one — a discrimination in favor of the wealthy coriiorations against the masses of the people. He has never held any political oflfice, and desires none. His ])olitical work consists of recording his vote for 526 BIOCRArillCAI. DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. the party that agrees witli his political principles. While holding strong opinions of his own, he is tolerant and liberal in his treatment of others. In 1859, Mr. Jones married Harriet, second daughter of George W. Snow, Esq., one of Chicago's oldest and most respected citizens. They have had si.x children — only three, one boy and two girls, are now living. In the lo\e and affection of the family circle Mr. Jones finds his only happiness. To surround his wife and family with every comfort and luxury is his constant endeavor and his greatest pleasure. His residence is on Dearborn avenue on the North Side of the city. The rule is universal : That trouble, affliction and death will visit every home. Mr. Jones has learned that however successful in business, how- ever happy in the family circle, the rule is without exception. " Into each life some rain must fall : Some days must be dark and dreary." His son, Warren Snow, born in 1861, a young man of great ability and of brilliant acquirements. died when just entering into manhood, at the early age of twenty-seven years. Another son, Robert Lindell, born in 1868, highly educated, and with a gentle, loving nature, died when only twenty-two years old. The office of loving parents, to watch and tend from infancy to manhood, the growth of the young mind as it opens into all the beauty and strength of mature development, affords one of the greatest of parental pleasures. When by an inscrutable decree, they lose by death the loved ones, to whom they looked forward in later years as a joy and a solace they suffer the bitterest of parental sorrows. To see the fine physical form and robust health — the hope of the father and the idol of the mother — cut down in early life wrings the parental heart with anguish. To them there remains but the memory of the loved ones ; their loving, generous and kindly nature is ever present to the afflicted family; the favorite book, the vacant chair and the few last words are held in reverence. They bow in submission and they suffer in silence. Mors Janiia vitce. D. HARRY HAMMER, CHICAGO, ILL. D HARRY HAMMER was born at Spring- . field, Illinois, December 23, 1840, and is the son of John and Eliza (Witmer) Hammer. His parents came to Chicago, Illinois, in 1837, the father having formerly been a merchant and manufacturer at Hagerstown, Maryland. The mother was a native of Maryland, and a daughter of Mr. John Witmer, a soldier of the war of 1812. In 1842, while Harry was yet a mere child, the family removed to the vicinity of Chicago, where his boyhood days were spent in attending the district schools. He applied him- self to his studies with unremitting energy, and even then showed those brilliant qualities which have characterized his life and helped him to achieve the high position which he now occupies. He also, during his boyhood, acquired a thorough knowledge of the saddlery and harness trade. He taught school during the winters. At the age of seventeen he began a course of stud)' in the Rock Ri\er Seminary at Mount Morris, Illinois. After graduating from that in- stitution, he determined to devote himself to the legal profession, and accordingly entered the law department of the University of Michigan, and was graduated therefrom with the class of 1865. He afterwards spent sonic time traveling through the Western and Northern States, and finally began the practice of his profession at St. Louis, Missouri. Owing to the unsettled state of affairs after the close of the war, he abandoned the law for a time and worked at his trade, continuing thus employed until the fol- lowing year, when he left St. Louis by reason of the cholera epidemic. He soon afterward be- came acquainted with Mr. Benjamin F. Taylor, of the Chicago Evening Journal, who was lectur- ing through the West, and, following his advice, removed to Chicago and resumed his profession. The move was a most happy one. Entering, with all the vigor of his young manhood, into the work of his profession, with a determination to succeed, ¥ BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT CILLERY. 529 he soon made a name at tlie Chicajjo bar, and built up an extensive and lucrative practice. In 1S79 *^^''- Hammer was appointed by Gov. Shelby M. Cullom a Justice of the Peace of the city of Chicago for a term of four years, and in 1883 he was reappointed by Gov. John M. llaiii- ilton for another term. The office was one for which he was well qualified, both by reason of his judicial mind and his practical knowledge of the law, to which, with his great popularity, may be attributed his almost unparalleled success, he having, during his term of service, disposed of about four thousand cases each year. Aside from his professional duties, Mr. Hammer has always kept himself well posted on matters of public interest, and besides being a most able and successful lawyer he is an enterprising and public-spirited man. Being a gentleman of cul- tivated tastes and fine literary attainments, he has always taken an active part in all movements tending to advance the interest of art and lit- erary culture. His pri\ate library, comprising some five thousand volumes, is one of the finest and best-selected collections of books in the city of Chicago. In 1890 Mr. Hammer made an extensive trip abroad with his famil)% and visited the countries of Holland, Belgium, Germany, Switzerland, France and Bavaria, and witnessed the passion play at Ober-Ammergau. In 1891 he extended his trip through England, Scotland, Wales, Ire- land, Italy and Spain, Norway, Sweden, Russia and Egypt, thus adding much knowledge to his already well-informed mind. In political sentiment Mr. Hammer is and al- ways has been a staunch Republican. He served in the Common Council as an alderman from the Fourth Ward in 1887 and 1888, with credit to himself and the city alike, and is at present (1892) a Master in Chancer}- of the Superior Court of Cook county. Mr. Hammer married Mrs. Emma L. Carpen- ter, of Athens, Ohio, June 4, 1874. They have one child. Miss Hazel Harry Hammer, horn July 4, 1881. Mr. Hammer is in the very prime of life, en- dowed with a healthy constitution ; he is a man of fine presence, and a highly interesting talker. His official life has brought him into intimate contact with many of the most prominent and notable men of this and other countries. Hav- ing accumulated an ample fortune, he lives in the enjoyment of all the comforts of a happy and cheerful home. He is an active member of Che\alier Bayard Commandery, Knights Templar, Oriental Con- sistory, Medina Temple, Foresters, Royal Arca- num, and other societies; also a member of the Calumet, Union League and Washington Park clubs of Chicago, and president of the Veteran Union League, and member of the Old Settlers' Association of Cook countw NOAH E. GARY, CHICAGO, ILL. Til E subject of this article i.-, a native of Illi- nois. He was born September 8, 1844. "'i Du Page county and is the eldest son of the late Erastus (iary, an old-time citizen of Wheaton, who came to Illinois, in 1832, from Pomfret, Wind- ham county, Connecticut. He was of the Pilgrim l-"athers" stock, his an- cestors having settled in Roxbury, Massachusetts, in 1831. Noah E. received his education in the public schools and Wheaton College. In 1862, he enlisted in the One Hundred and Fifth Illinois Infantry Volunteers. Thisregi- ment was on detached duty until the sjiring of 1864, when it was attached to tlu- Twentieth Army Corps under General Hooker, and with him advanced on Atlanta. At Resaca Mr. Gary was severely wounded in four places and sent to Nash- ville to the hospital, and was mustered out of ser- vice as a sergeant, November i, 1864, but could not walk without crutches until the following spring. He then returned to Wheaton and engaged in business ])ursuits and teaching school until the spring of 1S68, in the meantime employing his leisure hours in the study of the law. He then entered the office of the clerk of the Superior Court of Cook count)', serving there as chief dep- 530 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. iity for the ^^rcatcr part of the time until October, 1872. He then commenced the practice of the law with E. H. Gary, his brother. In 1870 Hon. Hiram H. Cody retired from the bench, and was admitted a partner in tiie firm under the style of Gary, Cody & Gary, which continued until 1887. Mr. Gary remained in partnership with his brother until January, 1890, since which time he has practiced law without a partner. While in partnership witii E. H. Gary and Judge Cody, he paid particular attention to the examination of abstracts and chancery prac- tice. In the years 1879-1880 he was president of the town council of Wheaton, and in 1870 was ap- pointed master in chancery of Du Page county, which office he .still holds. He is a member and secretary of the Board of Education in Wheaton, and takes much interest in the public schools of that city. Mr. Gary's practice has made him familiar with real-estate values, and he is a large holder of real estate in both Cook and Du Page counties. In 1865 Mr. Gary married Ella M. Guild, of Aurora. She died in 1870. In 1873 he married Caroline H. Wheat, of Wheaton. There are sur- \i\ ing t\\ o children by the first marriage, Carle- ton N., a lawyer in good practice in Chicago, and Ella Ethclle, just finishing at Northwestern Uni- \ersity. By his second marriage Mr. Gary has three daughters — Anna Louisa, Dora Bernice and Ava Grace. All of these children are the comfort of their parents. The author of this sketch was forbidden to write an\- word eulogistic of Mr. Gary, whose pride seems to be confined to his ancestry and his descendants. He is the sixth descendant of his ancestors who settled in Roxbury, and knows the genealogy of his family better than any other Gary of his acquaintance. Mr. Gary is the commander of E. S. Kelly Post, 513, G. A. R., Department of Illinois, and is sec- retary of the First Brigade, Third Division, Twen- tieth Army Corps, of which Gen. Benj. Harrison is president. HENRY J. REYNOLDS, M. D. CHICAGO, ILL. THE successful man is he who chooses his life-work with reference to his native abil- ities and tastes. The men who fail in their call- ings are not men without ability — often they are men of brilliant genius — but they are those who have turned the current of their life-force into a wrong channel. The subject of this .sketch has been eminently successful and to-day stands high among the med- ical practitioners of Chicago. The son of James and Sarah (Wilkinson) Reynolds, he was born in Meaford, Ontario, April 26, 1852. Both his par- ents were natives of Dublin, Ireland. His father was a successful farmer, and it was on the family homestead that young Reynolds spent his early years. Receiving his primary education in the district schools, he subsequently completed it at Toronto University. In 1871 he commenced the study of medicine in the Toronto School of Med- icine. Four years later he was graduated from the Bellcvuc Hospital Medical College of New York, and was awarded the " Mott" prize against more than five hundred competitors — many of them old practitioners. He had an elder brother, who was a professor in Detroit Medical College and his preceptor and to whose early training he owes much of his present success. He also has a younger brother, Dr. Arthur R. Reynolds, who is in practice in Chicago, while another brother, Ed- win R. Reynolds, is a barrister in Toronto, Canada, where his parents have for many years past re- sided. Dr. Reynolds practiced in Michigan for ten years, and there, while not yet thirty, he was vice- president of the Northeastern District Medical Society and vice-iircsident of the Michigan State Sanitary Association. In 1SS3 Dr. Reynolds settled in Chicago, where he h.is since occujiied a prominent position. He has succeeded in building up a fine practice, and in adding to an already high reputation. This is an age of specialists. The learned professions of (>^17^/ '^>^;>^^^^^^ ^YhC, X? BIOuRAl'IIJCAI. DICTIOXARY AXD POKTRAIT OA/.LERV. 531 to-day differ in many respects from those of for- mer times and tliis is perliaps more especially true in our great cities. Time was when the lawyer and physician found it necessan,- to practice all branches of their profession ; to-day, however, all this is changed. By followingsome special branch and applying all their energies better results are obtained, and the ultimate reputation gained much more valuable and lasting. Dr. Reynolds' specialty is probably that of skin diseases and diseases of the genito-urinary organs, and in these particular branches of the profession he has perhaps few equals. He was one of the founders and formerly professor of skin diseases of the Chicago Polyclinic. He is professor of skin diseases in the College of Physicians and Sur- geons, and has been elected at various times to many other positions of responsibility in the med- ical profession. He is at present (1892) a member of the Chicago Medical Society, Illinois State Medical Society, American Medical Association, International Medical Congress, and is also an hon- orary member of the Northeastern District Med- ical Society of Michigan. Prominent as a contributor to medical journals, he is also an author of wide reputation, whose treatises on skin diseases and kindred ailments are accepted as authorities not only in this countrj-, but also in Europe. Among those already published are: "Synovitis of Knee-joint;" "Puerperal Fever;" " Puerperal Eclampsia;" "The After-Treatment in Tracheotomy Cases;" "The Treatment of Ec- zema;" "A New Method of Producing Local An- a.'sthesia of the Skin;" "A New Method in the Treatment of the Vegetable Parasitic Diseases of the Scalp;" " Treatment of Stricture of the Ure- thra;" "On the Etiology of Urethral Inflamma- tion ;" " The Treatment of Pruritus," while his public lectures include tho.sc of Acne, Psoriasis Lupus, Vitiligo, Favus, Lichen Ruber, Sycosis, Parasitic Sycosis, S\-philis. FJastic Skin and many others. Dr. Reynolds is a member of La Salle Club, a thirty-second degree Mason, and a member of Oriental Consistory, S. P. and R. S., and Apollo Commandery, No. I, K. T. In politics he is a Democrat. Dr. Reynolds' success is largely attributable to the fact that, in his profession, he is thoroughly at home. A man of liberal views, his actions have been governed by the strictest integrity, and by his open and fair dealing he has drawn around him a host of admiring acciuaintances and many true, personal friends. JOSEPH DONNERSBERGER, CHICAGO, ILL. JOSEPH DONNERSBERGER, President of the South Park Board of Commissioners, and one of the leading real-estate dealers of Chicago, was born at Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1843. He ob- tained his school education and also his earlier business training in that city ; his first experience in the real-estate business, in which he has continued all of his life, was as clerk in the office of Samuel A. Sargent & Co., in his native place. He occupied a position of trust with this firm for four years, but in 1868, the firm retiring from business, he was compelled to seek a new field, and removed to the West. His first real- estate venture in the West was in lands on the line of the Illinois Central Railroad, and becom- ing acquainted with Mr. Adam Smith, he was in- duced by him to settle in Chicago, whither he removed in 1 870, and immediately entered into business relations with Mr. Smith, who soon after began making improvements at Brighton Park, forming the Brighton Cotton Mill Company in 1 87 1. Mr. Donnersberger was one of the investors in the enterprise, and he disposed of much of the property that had been sub-divided into lots, in such a manner as to be advantageous both to himself and fellow investors, and has handled most of the property sold in Brighton Park. Mr. Donnersberger has been in the real-estate business continuously since 1864, and since 1875 has conducted his business in his own name. His transactions, however, have not been confined to that section, he having handled other large tracts of property in the south and west divisions of Chicago. He has also had charge of the purchase 532 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. of rights of way for several leading railroads in Chicago. In 1873, Mr. Donncrsbcrger was elected collect- or of the town of Cicero, and in 1874 was further honored by being chosen assessor of that town. In 1874 he was elected a member of the Board of Trustees of Cicero, and was re-elected in 1880, and served as president of the Board for seven years. In 1881, he was elected a member of the Cook County Board of Commissioners, and on December 3, 1883, was elected its president. In 1886, several vacancies occurred in the Board on account of the indictment and conviction of the " boodle " commissioners, and there was a public demand that these vacancies should be filled by men of undoubted honesty and integrity. Mr. Don- nersberger was selected as one, and was appointed to fill the unexpired term of J. J. McCarthy. On April 30, 1889, Mr. Donnersberger was appointed by the Judges of the Circuit Court of Cook County to the position of South Park Com- missioner, the other members of the Board being Messrs. John B. Sherman, Wm. Best, Martin J. Russell and Jas. W. Ellsworth. At the last election for officers of this Board, Mr. Donners- berger was elected president. He has always been prominent in any enterprise he ever became interested in, as he is a hard and persistent worker. He is a prominent member of the Chicago Real Estate Board, a director in the Northwestern Horse-shoe Nail Company of Chicago, and Presi- dent of the Chicago Glass Manufacturing Com- pany. On December 27, 1863, he was married to Miss Wilhelmena HonKomp, at Cincinnati, Ohio ; they are blessed with eight children, by name, Eva, Emma, Anthony, Mary, George, Aggie, Gertrude and Frank. Such is an outline of his biography ; it is that of one who has always tried to do by others as he would be done by, and who has filled the offices with which he has been honored in such a manner as to merit the confidence of all. I LEWIS L. COBURN, CHICAGO, ILL. LEWIS L. COBURN was born at East Mont- pelier, Vermont, November 2, 1834, being the youngest of five children of Lamed and Lo- visa (Allen) Coburn. His father was a man of great activity, and owned one of the largest es- tates in Central Vermont. His prominence was more than local, and he was held in high es- teem. At different jjcriods a representative in the State legislature, he also held various offices in his town and county with honor to himself and lasting good to his constituents. Our subject's paternal grandparents hailed orig- inally from Massachusetts, removing at an early day to Washington county, Vermont. His ma- ternal ancestors were early settlers in East Mont- pelier, and much esteemed by the community in which they lived. Lewis worked on the farm in summer, and attended school during the winter months. At the age of fifteen he entered Morrisville Academy, afterwards that of Northfield, and subsequently that at Barre, Vermont, studying during the spring and fall terms, and teaching school during the winter months and working on the farm sum- mers. His reputation as a teacher was more than local, and he was employed to teach the largest and most difficult schools to manage in that part of the State. Having completed his preparatory course at Barre, in the summer of 1855, he entered the University of Vermont, from which, four years later, he was graduated with mathematical honors and the degree of Bachelor of Arts. Hav- ing decided to enter the legal profession, his studies while at the university were directed to this end, while during vacations he read law in the offices of Roberts and Chittenden, at Burling- ton, Vermont, and, on leaving the university, en- tered the office of Hon. T. P. Redfield, at Mont- pelier, for a short time. He entered Harvard Law School, at Cambridge, Massachusetts, and was graduated therefrom in 1861. Sub.sequently passing the necessary examination, he was ad- mitted to practice in all the Courts of Massachu- setts. In February, 1861, he settled in Chicago. In other and older cities, several lawyers had won k "^^""-^^ . BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARV AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. 561 ments, and is a good classical scholar. He has been highly successful in his profession. While he has, perhaps, devoted more time to real estate and corporation law than to any other branch, so general has been his reading, and such has been his industr)% that he is a general practitioner, being at home everj^where, e.xcept in criminal cases, which he never takes, and always ready for attack or defense. He has much natural ability, yet by the thoroughness with which he prepares his cases, he illustrates the truth of the well-known maxim, "There is no excellence without labor." While Mr. Lyman has probably a higher repu- tation as an able and learned counselor than as an advocate, yet such is his standing, and so thoroughly does he investigate and prepare his cases, that his arguments carry more weight than those of many members of the bar who may, perhaps, be more eloquent. He has the confidence of his clients, because they know he will not advise them to commence a suit unless their course is right, and then, only when there is no remedy for them save in litiga- tion. He is noted for his indefatigable industry, for his painstaking preparation and management of his cases, for his unvarjing courtesy toward everjone with whom he comes in contact, and for his most thorough and conscientious discharge of his duty to his clients. These qualities, added to his well-known ability and learning, have given him a high standing with his brethren of the bar, as well as with the courts. Mr. Lyman takes no active part in politics, but is a stauncli Republican. He was married October 5, 1870, to Miss Mary E. Cossitt, daughter of Mr. F. D. Cossitt, of Chicago. They have three children living. Mr. Lyman is interested, either as director or tru.stee, in a number of corporations, and is president of the Chicago Title and Trust Com- pany, which he was largely instrumental in forming. In social life Mr. Lyman is much esteemed. He is a member of the Chicago Union League, University and Church clubs, and he was the first president of the last named. He is an earnest and active member of the Episcopal church. He resides in La Grange, one of Chicago's most beau- tiful suburbs. Mr. Lyman has always been a believer in and prominently identified with the cau.se of education. He has served for eighteen years on the Board of Education of La Grange in various capacitie.s, as one of its members and as its president. Largely through his efforts the Lyons Township High School was established after a four-years' campaign, during which time the project was repeatedly voted down. Being a zealous advocate of the common-school system, each defeat only added to his earnestness, and he has the satisfaction of seeing both the Grammar and High Schools established at La Grange, ranking among the best to be found in any part of the county. Mr. Lyman is appreciated by the entire community in which he lives. ARTHUR D. RICH, CHICAGO, ILL. ARTHUR D. RICH was born on a farm in Ticonderoga, New York, No\ember 25. 1827, the son of Larned and Amanda (Pearce) Rich. His father was at the defense of Platts- burg, in 1 8 14, and came to New York from Rich- ville, Vermont, being a member of that family which gave to the Green Mountain tow n its pre.s- ent name, while his mother was a member of one of the old families of Bolton, New York ; our subject being their youngest son. In 1837, his father sold the homestead at Ticonderoga to the father of the eminent Boston divine — Re\-. Jo- seph Cook, and removed to Michigan, settling in St. Jcseph county, near the town of Three Rivers. Being an enterprising man of intelligence, who knew the value of a good education, he gave his children excellent training. He died when our subject was elcveh years of age. Being thus thrown upon his own resources, Arthur went to live with an elder sister, in the village of School- craft, Michigan. He continued his studies at the Schoolcraft Academy, his intention being to ulti- mately take a collegiate course. His ambition was a worthy one, but his means were limited, and 562 llIOliRArillCAL niCriO.XARY AM) rORTKAIT GALLERY. he accepted the ptjsilion of teacher in one of llie neighboring schools, and by being studious, thrifty and economical, he at length was enabled to enter Spring Arbor Academy (now known as Hillsdale College, Hillsdale, Michigan), and upon lea\ ing here, entered the Michigan University at Ann Ar- bor, teaching school a portion of the time to tlefray his expenses, and was graduated in 185 1. In the following year he settled in Chicago. Having but five dollars on his arrival, he lost no time in seeking a position, where he could earn a liveli- hood, and at the same time pursue his studies to advantage. Applying to Messrs. Judd and Wil- son (of which firm Norman B. Judd, lawyer, poli- tician and diplomat, was the senior member) — then one of noted law-firms of Chicago — he was fortunate in being received into the office, not only as student, but also as a clerk, at a salary en- abling him to meet his current expenses. He re- mained in their office two years, and acquired a practical knowledge of the theory and practice of law, and also formed the acquaintance of many of the men, who were then the most distinguished members of the western bar. Abraham Lincohi, who was an intimate personal and political frientl of Mr. Judd, was a frequent visitor at the office, and he and Mr. Judd were often associated in the trial of important ca.ses, and Mr. Rich counts as among his interesting experiences, the oijpor- tunities he had of hearing occasionally, not onl\- Lincoln's impressive legal arguments, but also many of the droll stories, with which he used to entertain his friends, when work for the &a\ was over. Ha\ing completetl his course of stud_\-, in 1854, he was admitted to the bar and entered ujjon his professional career with the advantages of a liberal education and a natural adaptation for his chosen calling. His success has been pronouncetl. His aptitude for dealing, in a practical manner, with the issues involved in general litigation, his care of his clients' interests, anil his conservative method of reaching conclusions, were noticeable in his earl)- career, as they are ti)-da\-, and as a result Mr. Rich was but a ciini])arali\el)- sIkmI time in establishing a comfcirlahle aiul remunera- tive practice, being looked upmi by the profession and general public as a lawyer whose integrity was unquestionable, ami who possessed more than average ability. Attracting clients by his candor and straight-forward methods, his affabilitv and geniality, he gained friends rai)idly, and laid the foundation of a successful and highly creditable jirofessional career. With politics and kindred al- lurements, he has had little tn do. For more than thirty-fi\'e \eais he has de\oted himself to the gen- eral [practice of the law, during this time being prominently connected with a large number of the most important cases adjudicated in the State and Uniteil States Courts of Chicago and the Supreme Court i.if Illinois. His participation in the well-known case of Rawson vs. Fox, the plaintiff being the somewhat noted banker, who sought to recover valuable Chi- cags real-estate, is well known, not only in legal circles, but to numbers of the general public also, while he also appeared as leading counsel for the plaintiffs in the celebrated case of Butler vs. But- ler, a case involving the property rights of minor children and the ownership of half a million dol- lars' worth of land in the heart of Chicago. In the di\'orce case of Jenkins vs. Jenkins, a case which ^\ as pending some twelve years in the courts (the longest on record in the Illinois courts), he secured for his client a decree of absolute divorce, and thus resisted the efforts of an adventuress to secure divorce and alimony. These are but a few of the many cases — more or less important — he has been identified with with credit to himself and the pro- fession. To-da\-. as the result of his strict atten- tion to business and his honorable methods, Mr. Rich has acquired a comfortable fortune, antl is now in a position to take matters easil_\-. and to enjo}- a well-earned retirement from acti\'e busi- ness. He is now (1892) senior member of the law film of Rich, Ripley & Ailing. He was married, in 1856, to Miss Esther Ten- ant l)\ckman, a daughter of the late Judge Evert H. Uyckman, of Schoolcraft, Michigan. This marriage has been blessed by eleven children, of whom eight sons and one daughter survi\-e. Of the eight sons, three ha\e entered the medical profession; one is at present a teacher in a city High School, l)ut preparing himself for the law; one is a Swedenborgiaii minister; another is an architect and builder, while twn of the younger sons and his daughter are now in the Uni\ersity of Michigan, with the purpose of fitting them- seKes for some profession or business of their future choice. Mr. Rich him.self finds ample em- ployment in looking after his propert}- interests €^Z^ ^f ^. yc^^o^:-^iS mOGRAFUICAI. niCTlOXARV AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. 563 and the education of iiis children. He is a di- rector and one of tlie largest stockholders in the Fort Dearborn National Bank of Chicago. His success in life is the result of his own unaided efforts ; his determination was strong; his ambition both worthy and honorable, and the results at- tained b\- him are such as make his cxaniph- wort In- of emulation. COL. ALEXANDER B. ANDREWS, RALEIGH, N. C. THE subject of this sketch is the fifth vice- president of the World's Columbian Expo- sition from the State of North Carolina, and sec- ond vice-president of the Richmond and Dan- ville Railroad system. He was born July 23, 1841, in Franklin county, North Carolina, the son of \V. J. and Virginia (Hawkins) Andrews. His father was a merchant of Henderson, North Caro- lina. His mother was a daughter of Mr. J. D. Hawkins, of Franklin county. Both parents died when our subject was quite young. He was raisetl by his grandparents, and early acquired those in- dustrious, prompt and methodical habits that have characterized his subsequent career. He was ap- pointed by his uncle purchasing agent, paymaster and general superintendent of the contract works on the Blue Ridge Railroad in South Carolina in 1859 3nd has e\'er since been connected with rail- road interests. In April, 1861, he joined the First Regiment, North Carolina Cavalry, being one of the first \ol- unteer regiments of the Confederacy and was soon promoted to the rank of second and first lieuten- ant respectively, and in July, 1862, he became Captain of Company B and participated in the memorable cami)aigns of Stuart's, afterwards Hampton's Brigade, with much credit. While clieering on his men at the engagement of Jack's Shops, September 22, 1863, he was shot through the lungs, and it was thought at the time fatally wounded. To the astonishment of his surgeon, who had pronounced his case hopeless, he survived. Twice he attempted to rejoin his old command, and upon hearing of General Lee's surrender, though contrary to jjliysician's orders, he reported to Johnson's commaml and was paroled with the surviving veterans of that gallant army at (ireens- boro'. Finding himself ])enniless at the conclusion of the war, he made proposals to the companies interested in the RaleiLrh and - 12, 1875; exalted Royal Arch Mason in Corinthian Chapter, No. 69, R. A. M., May 17, 1875; made Knight Templar in St. Bernard Commandery, No. 35, K. T., September i, 1875; crowned Sovereign Grand Inspector General, Thirty-third Degree, A. A. S. R., for Northern Jurisdiction U. S. A., Sep- tember 20, 1887; created Knight of the Red Cross of Rome and Constantine, Knight of St. John of Palestine and Guardian Knight of the Holy Sep- ulchre in the Grand Council of the State of Illi- nois, October 25, 1875, and is also a member of Queen Esther Chapter, O. E. S., and Medinah Temple, A. A. O., Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. In Lodge he was Senior Deacon, 1877; Junior Warden, 1878 and 189O Senior Warden in 1891, and Worshipful Master in 1892, and in Chapter, King, 1884 and 1885, and High 'Priest, 1886; in Council, Thrice Illustrious Master, 1884; in Commander}', Captain-General, 1878; Gener- alissimo, 1879, ^"<^' Eminent Commander, 1883; in Chicago Council, Princes of Jerusalem, Six- teenth Degree, A. A. S. R., Sovereign Prince Grand Master, 1 884-5 ; '" Consistorj'. S. P. R. S., Thirty-second Degree, A. A. S. R., Sec- ond Lieutenant-Commander, 1885-7, •I'ltl First Lieutenant-Commander up to January, 1890, when he became the Illustrious Commander-in-Chief; in Illinois Grand Council of Deliberation, A. A. S. R., Grand Standard Bearer for three years from 1885, being elected Minister of State and Grand Orator for 1890-92; in Grand Chapter, R. A. M., Grand Master of the First Veil, 1888, and the same of the Third Veil, 1889; Grand Royal Arch Captain, 189O, and now occupies the position of Grand Principal Sojourner; in Grand Council, R. and S. M., Grand Conductor, 1886; Deputy Grand Master, 1887-8; Grand Master, 1889; in .Grand Commandery, K. T., Grand Sword Bearer, 1885; Grand Standard Bearer, 1889; Grand Captain-General, 1887; Grand Generalissimo, 1 888; Deputy Grand Commander, 1889; Grand Commander, 1890, and while at Wash- ington in 1889, he was appointed Grand Standard 568 BlOGRArillCAL DICTIOXARV AXP I'lV^TRAIT GALLERY. Bearer of the Grand Encampment, K.T., U. S. A., for the term ending August, 1892. Mr. Moulton was for four years a major in the Second Regiment, lUinois National Guards, being commissioned in 1886, and resigning in Januar}-, 1890. He served in the two weeks' campaign at the Union Stock Yards, at the time of the kibor riots in 18S7, and was with In's regiment at all of its encampments antl wlienexcr it did ac- tive duty. Socially, he is much respected and well known, being a member of the Union League, MiUona and Acacia clubs and of the Sons of Vermont, etc., and is also a member of tlie Chicago Art Insti- tute and the lUimtis Association of Architects. He was married to Miss Anna Florence Gar- land, of Burlington, Iowa, March 12. iSj;,. They have two children. luiith May, born at Winona, Minn., and .\rthur ("larland, born in Chicago. Eminently successful both in commercial and social affairs, George M. Moulton is a good type of that class of men, who, not content in remain- ing in the position to which they were born, have pushed forward, and, by creating and becoming connected with enterprises of more than ordinary importance, ha\-e become ])ublic benefactors. Though still in the prime of life, Mr. Moulton has been the recipient of repeated and well-de- served honors from his fellow-citizens which mark the esteem in w hich he is held. HON. WILLIAM VOCKE, CHICAC.O, ILL. A brilliant example of the self-made American citizen, and a grand exemplification of the progress that an ambitious foreigner can make in this country of unbounded opportunities, is shown in the case of William Vocke, one of the leading German-American la\\\-ers in the west. His singular success is due to his own energy and his high ideal. Mr. Vocke came to this country from his native citv, the historic Miiiden. in Westphalia, at the age of seventeen years. This was in 1S56. His father was a go\-eriinient secretar\- in the Prussian service, and after his death the son believing that tlie United States offered him a future not to be found in his own countr_\-, emigrated hither. He landed in New York, and for a short time de\-ole(l liis efforts to various bread-winning occupations, but the western fever seized him, and he followed the star of empire to Chicago, lie was for a time a carrier in the employ of the Staats-Ziiiiing, and his district was the western half of the North Side, lie toiled hard and was in every way a faithful implo) e, working from two o'clock in the morning until eight at the distribution of his newspapt-rs. His days were given to the stud_\- of the kiw. He had not the money to \ise for his tuition, and Professor Henry Booth offered him the instruction and time in wliich to pay for it. The earnest young man in due time saved enough mone\- to settle the claim, and it brought him as much pleasure as he e\'er felt before or since to st]uare his account w ith his benefactor. After leaving the Stactls-Zcitiing in i860, he entered the employ of Ogden. Fleetwood & Co., then the leading reah-estate firm of Chicago, as a collector. On the tlay that the war l)roke out, he enlisted and his employers helil him in such esteem that, when he resigned, the_\- [Ji'esented him with a handsome smn of money in gold. t'aiitain \'ocke eidisted first in the three months service as a private. liis company was soon merged into the Twenty-fomtli Illinois Volunteer Infantrv, and he was in ,ill the engagements in which the .\rm\- of the Cumberland took part until the muster-out of his ri'ginient. .After the expir.ition of his term of service he was mustered out as captain of Company D. of the Twenty- fourth Illinois. When he returned to Chicago, he again entered the service of the Staals-Zcitiing; this time as its city editor. For nearly a year he held this responsible chair, discharging his duties with signal ability. h'roni April, 1 865, to November, 1869. he was the clerk of the police ciuirt of this cit_\-. He resumed the stud\- of the law in the meantime, and was admitted to the bar in 1867. While in the arui\- Captain Vocke gave as X^c^e^ JifOCKA/'ll/C.U. PJCr/iKWlh-y .t.\I) /'ORTR.UT CAIJ-EKY. 571 much time as ho could spare to literary stuiiies, and this branch of mental effort he continued after he had beaten his sword into a ploughshare. He won for himself a high reputation as a dis- criminating student and a polished writer. He contributed various articles to the German and the English press, and in 1869 he published a volume of poems, excellent translations of the lyrics of Julius Rodenberg. The newspapers of Germany, as well as of this country joined in praising his work in enthusiastic terms. Soon after the publication of this book, he determined to give all of his time to the study and jiractice of the law. He was held in such great favor hv his countrymen and the Chicago public tliat In- quickly secured a lucrative practice, ami il li.is been increasing with the years ever since. He was elected a member of the Illinois legis- lature in 1S70, and among other noteworthy achievements drafted and introduced a life insurance bill which at the time was indorsed by the editor of the Chicago Tribune as " the soundest and most judicious measure ever proposed to a legislative body on that subject." Captain \'ocke while a member of the legislature was instrumental in framing, at the extra session shortly after the great fire of 1871, what is known as the '• burnt record act." In 1873, he formed a copartnership with General Joseph H. Leake which continued unlil General Leake was appointed United States District attorney in 1880. Captain Vocke was also a member of the Chicago Board of Lducation from 1877 to 1S80. For a number of years past he has been the attorney for the Imperial German Consulate at this point, and among other offices of honor he has held the presidency of the German Society of Chicago for the aid of emigrants. Captain N'ocke, although deeply engrossed in the law, finds time now and then to do more or less literar\- work. 1 lis latest effort takes the form of a well written hook on the legal systems of this country. Its title is ••The admini.stration of justice in the United States: and a synopsis of the mode of procedure in our federal and state courts, and all federal and state laws relating to subjects of interest to aliens." This work was published not long ago in Cologne in the German language, and has not only received the highest encomiums of German jurists, but has proved of great benefit to German lawyers and German business men. In 1867, he was joined in matrimony to Elise Wahl, a charming woman, and they have a familj- of six children —four daughters and tun sons. No man is luUl in higher esteem by the Germans of Chicago than William \'ocke. He has an exceedingly amiable and upright character, and a mind stored with all the riches of wide reading and deep research. Histor>' and the science of government are his specialties, and there is no better authority on these topics in this city than he. He is a delightful entertainer and a genial companion, and these traits, coupled with his mental gifts, make him a shining center in a wiile circle of friends. ALIH'RT RMMKTT HUTCIIINS, ClIICACO, I I.I. TH F- subject of this biograph)- was born at Warren, Trumbull county, Ohio, October 7, 1845, to John and Rhoda Hutchins, and was the youngest son of a family of five children. His p.a- ternal grandfather, Samuel Hutchins, was a native of Connecticut, anti was a pioneer in that historical section known as the Western Reserve of Ohio, so closely associated with the names of some of the foremo.st men in the affairs of the nation. Hon. John Hutchins, our subject's father, was for many years a re)>resi-nt;itive in Congress from the nine- teenth tlistrict of Ohio, succeeding Hon. Joshua R. Gitldings, and being succeeded by Hon. James A. Garfield. 1 le retired from active business a few- years ago, and is still ( 1S92) li\ ing at the ripe age of seventy-six. Albert received a public school education in his native town, entering into all his studies earnestly and acquitting himself with great credit. He early evinced a desire and aptitude for a mercantile pursuit, and at the age of twenty years entered the service of Messrs. Westlake, Hutchins & Co., 572 BIOGKAl'lIICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. oil merchants at Oil City, Pennsylvania. Witli commendable zeal he went energetically about learnini^ the details of the business, which he soon mastered. He continued in the employ of that firm about six years, wlien he accepted a position with the Standard Oil Company, travelint^ for it and establishing branch offices in various large cities throughout the countr\-. In 1S74 Air. Ilutchins was entrusted with the important mis sion of opening up the business of this large and growing corporation in Chicago, since which time he has been closely identified with its interests there. He now occupies a responsible position in the Standard Oil Compan)-, of Indiana. Mr. Hutchins was united in marriage to Ada Mo.xon, of Washington, D. C, October 21, 1886. FRANK S. WEIGLEY, CHICAGO, ILL. FRANK S. WEIGLEY is the senior member of the well-known law firm of Weigle}-, Bulkley and Gray. He was born in Galena, Illi- nois, April 4, 1854. His father, Wellington Weig- le}-, was for many years a prominent member of the Illinois bar. Frank S. acquired his education at Hamilton College and was admitted to the bar of this State in 1875. For some years thereafter he was engaged as a stenographer in the Courts of Cook county, where he acquired a thorough knowledge of the rules of practice as well as the methods of the best lawyers at the Chicago bar. In 1882 he abandoned short-hand reporting and devoted himself exclusively to the practice of law. His success was marked from that time. Durintj the past few years he has been engaged in many of the leading cases of this county. He has be- come thoroughly known and enjoys the distinc- tion of being recognized as a leading lawyer, both in the office and court room. The firm of Weigley, Blukley and Gray number amongst their clients many of the wealthiest firms and cor- porations of Chicago, as well as a valuable for- eign clientage. In 1870 Mr. Weigley married Emih' L., a daughter of the late Dennison Card, of Roches- ter, New York, who for several years, during Presitlent Lincoln's administration, representctl the government as diplomatic agent in South America. ALVIN HULBKRT. CHICAGO, ILL. Tl 1 1*1 life of one who has achieved success in any honorable undertaking is an interesting and useful study. The nature of man is so com- plex, his indi\"iduality sn proimunced. his process of reasoning so varied and peculiar, that no two human beings are ever found to be nearly alike. Some men snatch success from the very jaws of failure, some are alternately prosperous and un- fortunate, while a few are so evenly balanced th.it their li\es appear to be utterly free from friction. Their course is steadily onward, and from youth to maturity there is no indication of a single back- ward step. Theirprogress is as steady and unswerv- ing as the progress of the sun in its course to the zenith, and their way adown the slope of life as l)eaceful and serene. \\'hatc\'er they undertake develops regularly to its fitting consummation. Such men are richly endowed by nature. They are ever reliable when .society demands their ser- vices, and are weak in no particular and under no circumstances. They are never unduly elated by success, because they have anticipated it, and a reverse never finds them unprepared. Alvin Hulbert, the subject of this sketch, is a man of this type. He has come to occupy an enviable position in the social and business world through no wild speculation, hazardous enterprise or sudden blaze of genius. There has been little friction in the movements of this quiet, calm, un- jiretcntioiis man, who, from an humble beginning, ' ■ ^^ ^ -'-'-^-'r--- BIOCRArillCAL niCTIOX.lRV .IXn PORTRAIT CATTERY. 575 has won his waj- to the front rank of Chica<;o's prominent citi/.ens. His hopeful face has been ever turned to the morning and his feet firmly set on solid ground, while his homely, old-fash- ioned adherence to honesty and trutli has brought him the respect and confidence of all who know him. Unostentatious, unassuming, he is yet firm in his convictions and courageous in the dischage of duty. Through an extended career of public life in almost every branch of the hotel business, he has made a host of friends and scarcely an enemy, and is to-day a splendid representative of the successfal business man of the nineteenth centun,-. Mr. Hulbert was born in Rochester, New York, in January, 1829, and is the son of Alvin and Margaret Hulbert. His father was a hotel man, keeping "taverns" in Rochester and vicinity, and thus Mr. Hulbert was literally born into the busi- ness in which he has been so successful and made himself such an enviable name. His first practical identification with the hotel business was in 1850, when he entered a hotel at Avon Springs, New York, in the capacity of clerk, and served therein for three consecutive seasons. He next became the first agent of the railroad which was constructed througli Le Roy, New York, at which place his father was at the time proprietor of a hotel, but not liking the business, we next find him in a clerkship in the Eagle Hotel. Rochester, then kept by Alderman Dewey Walbridge. He remained in this position until 1857, when he severed his connection with the Eagle, and going to Lafayette, Indiana, became the proprietor of a hotel in that city. Selling out his business in Lafayette, he removed to Chicago in 1839. and accepted the position as cashier of the old Sherman House, where he remained until the demolition of that house, preparatory to re- building, was commenced, when he became cash- ier of the old Mattison House, kept by Mr. C. H. Bissell, afterward his partner in the Sherman. Upon the comi)letion of the Sherman he resumed his position as cashier of the house under Messrs. Gage and W'aitc, filling that position until April, 1863. when he became cashier of the Tremont House, where he remained until the great fire of 1871. Upon the rebuilding of the Tremont, after this calamity, he returned to it as manager. In 1873 Mr. Hulbert entered into a co|)artnersiiip witli Mr. C. H. HisscU iiiuler the n.ime of Hissell and Hulbert, and the firm became the proprietors of the Sherman House. A few months later Mr. Bissell died, when Mr. Hulbert purchased his in- terest in the house and became sole proprietor. In 1882 Mr. Hulbert retired from the Sherman House, and, as he then thought, from hotel man- agement ; but the attractions of a calling of which he had made a life-long study were stronger than the love of ease, and in the fall of 1886, in com- pany with Mr. Willis Howe, he bought the Lin- del Hotel, of St. Louis, and entered once more into active business. A year later they took Ma- jor J. H. Chassaing into the partnership, and the present universal popularity of the Lindel is proof enough of the business worth and eminent qualifications of these gentlemen. On July I, 1890, Mr. Hulbert and Mr. Wm. S. Eden, a gentleman well known in the business and social circles of Chicago, took possession of the well-known Tremont House under a long lease, and entirely remodeled that famous host- elry, so that when com|)leted it was second to none in Chicago. The office is lighted by three large domes of the latest architectural designs ; new modern plumbing was introduced through- out the entire building, with porcelain baths, etc., etc. The Tremont has long been a favorite with the better class of commercial travelers, and the present proprietors have added largely to its popularity. Mr. Hulbert was married in Rochester, New York, in 1868, to Emma T. Drake, daughter of Mr. Alden Drake, of that city, a man prominent in railroad circles, and five children have blessed the union, viz. : Leila M.. Jessie D., Julia T., Emma C. and Alvin. Jr. In 1880 he was elected to the City Council from the Twelfth Ward on the Republican ticket, but his taste for private business exceeded his liking for public office, and at the end of his term he steadily declined fur- ther political honors. Personally Mr. Hulbert is a man of command- ing physique, with clear-cut features and a benev- olent countenance. Time has touched him with a gentle hand, and in appearance he is a much younger man than the calendar makes him. He has a charitable spirit and a warm, kindly heart. Years of successful endeavor have not chilled the warm current in his blood or deadened his finer 57^ BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARV AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. sensibilities. Like sound fruit that comes to a full ripening on the parent stem, he embellishes the office of host and is such a landlord as an artist loves to paint, the playwright to sketch and the novelist to dwell upon. The Great Northern fire-proof hotel, construct- ed for Messrs. Hulbert and Eden, is one of the most imposing structures in America. It is fif- teen stories high, built of steel with terra cotta brick exterior. Situated on Dearborn street, w ith three frontages, viz., on Dearborn, Quincy and Jackson streets, and directly opposite the custom- house, it is the most convenient and central loca- tion of any hotel in Chicago. The hotel has four hundred and fifty rooms; two hundred of them with baths. These rooms are wainscotted with marble and furnished with every modern con- venience. The Great Northern has the largest rotunda in the West, and that without a single column. This is finished from floor to ceiling in marble, lighted by massive domes and surrounded by a marble promenade for ladies. The building throughout has marble wainscotting, with mar- ble borders, and all the stairways are of the same beautiful material. There are four passenger ele- vators : the whole house is lighted by modern incandescent lights, and every other appliance which serve to make it a perfect hotel. The Great Northern is run on strictly Euro- pean plan. There are seven dining-rooms, all furnished in a style to match their magnificent surroundings. In fact, nothing that money can buy is wanting, for the proprietors intend to make this hotel, as its name implies, the hotel of Chicago. THOMAS WILCE, CHICAGO, ILL THE subject of this sketch finds an appropri- ate place in the history of those men, whose sterling integrity, force of character, whose forti- tude amid discouragements, and whose ability and good sense in the management of compli- cated affairs, have contributed so much to the development of Chicago and the West. Mr. Wilce's business life has been marked by tireless industry, prudence and economy, and he has ac- quired his large fortune clear of any taint or sus- picion of any trickery, dishonesty or meanness. As long ago as 1855, Professor O. S. Fowler, of New York city, in an analysis of Mr. Wilce's char- acter, said : " He is as conscientious as a man can be, and will pay to the last farthing, and do his duty to the very utmost. He is a passionate lover of liberty, and will never be restrained or driven. He will do his own thinking, and will think more of his character and his honor than all the world be- sides." Seven years later he wrote of Mr. Wilce: "He is a man, every inch of him. Full and run- ning over with life, able to work like a triHi])cr in order to consume life-energy as fast as in- ni;nui- factures it." Mr. Wilce is to-day, at the age of seventy-three years, a strong man, plnsicaih and nientalK •; nf great business capacity and a thorough organizer; he is strong in his friendships, never willingly giving up one in whom he has trusted; always willing to help the worthy needy ; strong in his dislikes of men whom he does not believe to be truthful, worthy and honest, and strong in his hatred of all the tricks in business. He is always bu.sy, except when he is asleep. There is none of the affected formalities of An- glo-mania in or around his home or offices, everj-- thing is thoroughly and hai)i>ily American, and the visitor finds a courteous, kindly welcome in his presence. Thomas Wilce was born at Boscastle, Cornwall, England, July 28, 18 19. His father, Thomas Wilce, who was born at St. Kew, England, Sep- tember 6, 1790, during his earl\- years was a farmer, but afterward was appointed an exciseman. He died at the age of seventy-fi\'e. The mother of our subject was Mary, iii'f Wa- ning, wh'. Mr. Wilce is a director of the Wasliingtonian Home, and was treasurer of that institution for si.\ years. In politics he is a staunch Republican, and was elected in 1S69 on that ticket to the city council of Chicago, and served the first year as second on the finance committee and the last year as its chairman. He was four years on the Chicago Board of Education. In his political career, as in his business and private life, he discharged his duties faithfully and to the full satisfaction of the people. In person Mr. Wilce is a tall, well-built man, commanding in figure, with an open, kindly- face, that inspires confidence and respect. His great sympathy with the unfortunate is one of his marked characteristics. He believes in humanity to men rather than prison walls, as a reformatory measure, claiming with other advanced humani- tarians and philanthropists that " if a man has com- mitted a fault it does not make him a better man to throw him into prison and thereby everlastingly brand him as a bad man." While this is true, he also believes and knows that to be well descended is desirable, but that it proves the virtue and merit of our ancestors, not our own, that riches are valuable, but at the disposal of fortune, and therefore uncertain ; that they render the possessor the prey of sycophants and tricksters, and may be possessed by the worst, as well as the best of men; that glory is entitled to regard, but that it is unstable: that health is a pre- cious boon, but that is easily impaired ; that knowl- edge, fdunded upon truth, dispensed in truth and charity, inspires belief and gratitude, and consti- tutes the prime factor in virtuous character; that it is character alone, of all things, in man's pos- session, that is immortal, everlasting, that is im- l)regnable to all assaults of vice and defies false accusation, nor is it taken away by sickness or en- feebled by time or the loss of wealth ; that a gint, furnishes a s[)lendid example of the success which may be achieved by strict attention to tluties, sterling integrity and perseverance. Un- aided, b\' his own efforts Charles Kern is to-day one of the most respected and influential of Chi- cauo's leadinsj citizens. JACOB NEWMAN, CHICVGO, ILL. AMONG the eminent members of llie Chicago bar wh(j should still be classed as young men the name of Jacob Newman is conspicuous. He is a self-made man. He was born in Germany on November 12, 1852, one of a large family of children. When he was four years old, the famik- immi- grated to the United States and settled on a farm in Hutler county, Ohio. Jacob was ambitious, and had a thirst for knowledge, and the quiet, un- eventful life on the farm afforded him feu- opportunities and fewer attractions, and at the early age of fourteen years we finil him start- ing out for himself. Without we.dth nr its accessories, but with that natural inde[)ent!ence of spirit and ]>erse\crance which has always characterized him, he went to Noblcsvilie, In- diana, where he reniained si.x years. In 1867 he removed to Washington, Pennsylvania, and during the same year settled in Chicago, where he has since resided. By self-sacrifice and frugality he was enabled, at the age of eighteen, to enter the University of Chicago, where he jnu-sued a thorough course of study and graduatctl with JKinors in 1873. 1 le puisued the study of law in the office of Hon. James R. Doolittle, and was ad- mitted to the bar of Illinois in 1875. He was fortunate in escaping the term of probation, which usually falls to the lot of young lawyers, by securing at once a partnership with Juilge (iraliam, then a 584 nhH-.R.ll'IIICM. lUCTlO.WlKV .l\J> I'ORTK.HT GALLERY. rcsidL'iit of Chicago, and imiiiLtliatcly entered into the active practice of his profession. Judge Gra- ham deeming it advantageous to liimself to remove to a western city, Kfl Mr. Newman alone in busi- ness, but with an established clientage which he was able not onl\- to retain but to increase. He remained alone until 1881. when he formed a partnership with Mr. Adolph Moses, under the firm name of Moses & Newman. In 1890 the firm of Moses & Newman was dissohed and since that time Mr. Newman has been alone. The secret of Mr. Newman's success as a lawyer is his familiarity with the ])rinciples and ground- work of the law as a science, and his quick- ness to discover the salient points of the case in cjuestion and his readiness in applying the principles governing them, as distinguished from what is commonly called " a case lawyer ;" that is, he is versed in all kinds of litigation and can adapt himself to any case, but has been largely employed as corporation counsel. He has been prominently identified .vith the Chicago Gas Company's litigation in its \-arious forms. Mr. Newman is a member of the Sinai Congre- gation, and is a liberal-minded Jew. He is actively connected with several educational and charitable institutions. In social circles he is much esteemed, and is an acti\-c member of the Union League and .Standard clubs, rolitically, he has always been a Republican. He also belongs to the Masonicfra- ternity. On May 30, 1888, he was married to Miss Min- nie Goodman, daughter of Mr. Hugo Goodman, an early settler of Chicago, where he has resided for the past forty years. Mr. Newman deserves great credit for what he has accomplished, and it must certainly be a source of just pride to know that what he has achieved is due alone to himself. FRANKLIN H. HEAD, CHICAGO, ILL. AMONG the many prominent citizens of Chicago there is no one, probably, better known or held in greater esteem than is the sub- ject of our present sketch. Descended from an old and worthy English family, who had long been settled in New England, Franklin H. Head was born at Paris, Oneida county. New York, January 24, 1835. His father, Harvey Head, and his mother, Calista (Simmons) Head, were well known and much esteemed in the neighborhood in which they lived, while his grantlfather was one of the early settlers of (Jneida county, hav- ing removed thither, in 1790, from New England, just one Innulred years ago. ( )ur subject's father pursued the calling of a farmer, and as such was well and favorably known. Young Head receivetl his education, as ha\e many of our most prominent and respected citi- zens, in the public schools of his native county. Leaving these, he decided to enter Hamilton Col- lege, New York, but before doing so he took a preparatory course at Cazcnoxa .Seminar)-. Going through this successfull)-. he entered the college, and in 1856 he graduated from th.il institution. He afterwards decided to study law, and, in 1858, he again graduated, but this time fnmi the law- department of the same institution. About this time the great west seems to have had for Mr. Head, as it had for many others, also of Chicago's most prominent citizens, considerable attraction, and he shortly afterw-ards removed to Wisconsin, and settled in Kenosha, where, for many years, he carried on a \ery successful legal practice, be- ing elected district attorney, and remaining there until 1865, when he concluded to go further west still, and in this \-ear removed to Salt Lake City. The law. hc>we\er, was not, it seems, Mr. Head's \-ocalion : he desired to enter into some business w lieic his abilitii's would ha\e a larger sco[)e and from which the results would be financially greater, ami on his removal to Utah he engaged in the raising of cattle, and also in coal mining, his business at this time frequently taking him to .San h'rancisco ami other cities of the Pacific .Slope, in 1869 Mr. Head decided to dispose of his interests in .Salt Lake City, and he accordingly (.lid so. Returning eastwarti, he ne.\t located in Chicago, which, l)\- this time, was growing \ei-y rapiilly. In p,irlnei->liip with Wirt De.xter and N. K. rh-a^c^ /Lo \^ A--7(Ce_^.^^ 7?,r inilun, n,lit,.Htmy A^Bu/rurauf /i, r/i,,;iii., BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. 587 Fairbank, he engaged in the manufacture of lumber and iron, etc., at Elk Rapids, Michigan, having the general management of the busi- ness up to the beginning of the present year, when he sold his interest in the same to Mr. N. K. P'airbank. In 1882 he became interested in the Chicago Malleable Iron Works, of which he was for many years president. In fact, he has but recently retired from the presidency of this company, but he still retains a considerable inter- est therein. As a partner in the firm of Dole & Co. his firm control the elevators (grain) on the C, B. & O. Railroad, and in this particular line undoubtedly do the most extensive business in the city of Chicago. These, however, do not sum up the whole of Mr. Head's interests, for in addition he is a director of the Northwestern National Bank, probably one of the most pros- perous and popular banks in this city. He is also vice-president of the American Trust & Savings Bank, equally as well and as favorably known, and a director in the World's Columbian Exposi- tion. Interested in many minor institutions, it may be easily imagined Mr. Head is a busy man, as with such interests at stake, he needs to be ever alert and watchful. But yet he finds time to preside at the general meetings of the Illinois Training Schools for Boys (located at Elmwood), an institution in which he takes considerable interest. He has had the honor of being, twice president of the well-known Union League Club of this city. He is a member of the Univer- sity Club and is prcsiilent of the Chicago Literar}' Club. In politics he is a Republican, and takes con- siderable interest in city, state and national political affairs, though he has never sought for preferment, and would probably not welcome same, even if it was offered him. Liberal in his religious views, he attends Pro- fessor Swing's Church, though he is not a member of same. He married, in i860, Miss Catherine P. Durkee, daughter of Harvey Durkee, Esq., of Kenosha, Wisconsin. She was a lady of rare accomplish- ments, and died in October of this year, leaving as issue three daughters to mourn her loss, viz., Elizabeth, Catherine and Margaret. In personal appearance, Mr. Head is of medium height, of robust health and of fair complexion, a gentleman, in fact, of fine appearance. In style unpretentious, free from egotism or vanity, sociable and pleasant in manner. He abounds with energ}' and determination. Being a man of great foresight, he has so made his investments as to reap good results alid can now enjoy the fruits of his labor, with the con- sciousness of having lived an upright, honorable and successful life, gained a host of friends and is so appreciated by his fellow-citizens that the name of Franklin H. Head is synonymous for sterling qualities of a rare order, and he is a citizen of whom Chicago is duly proud. LEWIS WOOD ROBINSON, CHICAGO, ILL. ON the day that Sumter fell. President Lin- coln called for seventy-five thousand men, and more than that number quickly and cordially responded. Amongst those who offered their ser\Mces to their country at that time was a young man, who held a diploma of civil and mechanical engineering. His ofTer was accepted, and he was assigned to the United States Steamship " Ken- nebec" as third assistant engineer. Thus Lewis W'ood Robinson entered the navy. In that ser- vice to-day he holds the high position of Chief Engineer, ranking as Lieutenant Commander, and was a member of the Naval Examination Board. Chief Robinson was born near Haddonfield, New Jersey, March 7, 1840, and is the youngest son in a family of seven children. His brother Franklin died at the end of the late war from sick- ness brought on by exposure during the last cam- paign. His father, William Robinson, belonged to a New Jersey family. He joined the Twenty- eighth Regiment, New Jersey Infantry and died from injuries received at Fredericksburg. His mother, who died when he was only one year old, 588 BIOl.RAPHICAL DICTIOXARY A.\D PORTRAIT GALLERY. was of English descent, her father, George Wood, was a sailor on board an English man-of-war, but left his ship to join the American army of the revolution. Young Robinson received his elementary edu- cation at the public schools. Baker's Corner, Camden county. New Jersey, and continued his studies at the Polytechnic College of the State of Pennsylvania. In 1861 he took the degree of bachelor of civil engineering, and in 1864 the de- gree of master of mechanical engineering. In his examinations, Mr. Robinson proved himself a young man of considerable ability : painstaking, methodical and successful in study. He won the esteem of his professors by his docility and hard work, and was a favorite with his fellow students on account of his generous nature and honorable character. While fond of field sports and of a buoyant and social disposition, he was an earnest and an.xious student, and during his college course laid the foundation for the success and reputation which he has since attained. In 1 86 1 he had completed his studies, was twenty-one years of age, and although he had in- tended to devote himself to civil engineering, he offered his services to the naval department and was accepted. His first appointment was third assistant engineer on the U. S. S. " Kennebec," one of the West Gulf Blockading Squadron, under command of Commander Farragut. In this, his first experience of sea life, our young engineer was thrown into the very center of the sea fight and participated in the capture of Forts Jackson and St. Philip and also of the city of New Orleans. During this terrible struggle, Engineer Robinson must have given proof of great ability and bravery, for we soon after find him gazetted as Chief Engineer of the "Kennebec," raised to the grade of first assistant engineer in the na\y and with the rank of lieutenant. .Step by step Chief Robinson crept up from 1866 to 1874, holding various important positions in the department, and receiving honorable preferment as the reward of ability and gallant service. In 1875 he was chosen general superintendent of the bureau of machinery of the Centennial Exhibition held in Philadelphia in 1876. The naval authorities granted him lea\e of absence to accept that honorable position, which he filled with the greatest satisfaction, not onl\- to the promoters of the exhibition, but to the manufacturers of the world. As a proof of this we may quote the inscription which a \aluable gold watch in the possession of Chief Robinson bears: "Presented by the exhibitors of machinery at the Centennial Exposition, 1876, to Lewis Wood Robin.son, U. S. Navy, superintendent of the bureau of machinery, in appreciation of his ability as an officer and uniform courtesy as a gentleman." After his leave of absence the navy department appointed him, January, 1877, senior instructor of steam engineering, at Annapolis, Maryland, and in 1880 he was sent to the "Minnesota," the flag- ship of the training fleet, and was afterwards made chief of that ship. In 1882 he was transferred to the "Tennessee," the flagship of the Home and North Atlantic Fleet, and the following year we find him promoted to Chief Engineer with rank of Lieutenant Commander. Later he was ordered to Philadelphia to superintend the fitting out of the "Ossipee"' and then sent on a cruise with her to the Asiatic Station. In 1887 Chief Robinson was appointed a member of the Examining Board of Naval Engineers, which position he held until September, 1891. When the Director General and the Board of Control of the World's Columbian Exposition sought a man of energy, ability and experience for the difficult position of chief of the department of machinery and superintendent of motive power, they paid Chief Robinson the high compliment of selecting him. He accepted and commenced the duties of his office September 5, 1891, the naval authorities having detailed him to that duty by re- quest. The selection of Chief Robinson has given great satisfaction both in this country and abroad. The duties are so numerous, various and extensive. requiring so much knowledge, experience and skill that the a[)i)ointment itself carries with it and is the expression of a very high compliment, w hich in this case is well deserved. Chief Robinson, although over fifty-one years of age, looks much younger, lie is a man of fine physical development, and is the picture of robust health. He was married September 5, 1865, to Miss Mary De A. Rupp, youngest daughter of I. D. Rupp, Esq., the well known and prominent historian, whose" Pioneer History of Pennsylvania" is a work of recognized ability and authority. Chief Robinson's family consists of three sons BIOuRAPIIICAL DICTIOXARY IXD POKTRAIT CAI.I.ERY. 589 and three dau' great, and may justly be claimed as one of his greatest achieve- ments. The leading physicians of the State, and especially of Chicago, realizing the necessity of stringent laws to protect the people against incompetent and unscrupulous quacks, caused a proper bill to be introduced into the legislature, and while some were present at the Capitol urg- ing the passage of the bill, others were efTectually molding public sentiment at home. While the bill was under consideration there appeared in the Chicago Tribime a series of articles which un- doubtedly influenced the legislature more than an\- other one agency, and led to the enactment of those statutes which have brought such good results. In these articles, which attracted attention far and wide, both in Illinois and in other States, the writer in a clear, concise and forcible manner portrayed the suffering resulting from the knavery of conscienceless quacks, calling themselves doctors of medicine, and presented an array of facts and figures that was appalling. He called attention to the fact, that while the passage of the pending measure would benefit the com- petent practitioners, a far greater benefit would result to the suffering public who were furnishing the unhappy victims of malpractice. The identity of the author was at the time unknown to those upon whom his words had had such a marked effect, but later it developed that he was none other than Dr. Ransom Dexter. Prior to this time. Dr. Dexter had built up a comfortable prac- tice, and was known as a modest, unassuming gentleman of cultivated tastes and rich scholar- ship. Now, however, he came into prominence both in the medical fraternity and among the readers of scientific literature, by his contributions to medical and scientific periodicals, and rapidly rose to a leading position among the .scientists of the country, and the successful physicians of Chicago; they freely admitting that he had no superior in general practice. Since 1889 he devoted himself to a general office practice, and seldom visited patients at their homes, except when called in for consultation. In this capacity he was frequently called to other cities, both east and west. In religious sentiment. Dr. Dexter was thorough- ly liberaJ and independent, doing his own think- ing and holding his own views, and granting to others the same freedom that he claimed for him- self. In politics he was a Republican. 594 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. He was an honored member of the Chicago Academy of Sciences, of the State Microscopical Society, of the Chicago Medical Society, of the American Medical Association ; he was also a member of the Chicago Medical Historical Society and of the Chicago Philosophical Society. He was attending physician to various Masonic As- sociations, and a member of Apollo Commandery, Knights Templar. Dr. De.xter was married in 1859 to Miss Lucinda Webster. They have one child — a daughter, Lydia A., who graduated with honor from the classical department of the University of Chicago in the class of 1884. HORACE G. CHASE, CHICAGO, ILL. HORACE G. CHASE is a native of Hopkin- ton, Merrimack county, New Hampshire, and was born July 9, 1827, to the Hon. Horace and Betsy (Blanchard) Chase, the former a native of Unity, New Hampshire, and the latter of Med- ford, Massachusetts. His father was graduated from Dartmouth College ; he was a lawyer by profession and for many years Judge of Probate for Merrimack county, New Hampshire. He was appointed postmaster under the administration of President Andrew Jackson ; but, on account of his profes- sional and judicial duties, could give to the office but little personal attention and installed our sub- ject, who was then twelve years old, as deputy postmaster, he being sworn to faithfully discharge his duties and support the Constitution of the United States. Judge Chase was a prominent Mason, greatly honored and known throughout New England in the Masonic fraternity as " Father Chase." Until his decease, which occurred in 1875, he was recognized as authorit)' on the laws and customs of that Order. Horace was educated at Hopkinton Academy, arranging his hours of recitation so as not to inter- fere with his duties fn the post-ofifice. It had been his father's purpose to send him to Dartmouth College; but his plan was frustrated by financial reverses and a strong desire on the boy's part to go into business away from home. At the age of sixteen he became an apprentice in the mathe- matical and nautical instrument store of Samuel Thaxter & Son, Boston, and remained there until his health failed, when he returned home, and in 1852 followed his two brothers to Chicago. He at once took a position in the office of Mr. James H. Rees, a real-estate dealer, who with IMr. Edw ard A. Ruckcr originated the present system of examining real-estate titles with the help of indices, the compiling of which had already been commenced. Samuel B. Chase, a brother of our subject, was associated with Mr. Rees and had charge of the abstract department in their business, and had already begun the search of titles while the indices were preparing. In 1855 our subject became a partner in the firm of Rees, Chase and Company, consisting of Mr. James H. Rees, Mr. S. B. Chase and himself. A few years later, the two brothers bought the interest of Mr. Rees, and the business was continued till the time of the great fire in 1871, when the firm name was Chase Brothers and Company, comprising S. B. Chase» C. C. Chase, George H. Bailey and our subject. At the time of the fire, which destroyed every vestige of the county and court records, three firms were engaged in examining titles, viz: Chase Brothers and Company, Shortall and Hoard, and Jones and Sellers. Each of the firms named lost a portion of their books in the fire; but together they sa\ed enough to form a complete set of indices to all the records of Cook county, and also duplicates of some of their books and many very valuable letter-press copies of abstracts, but neither of these firms could furnish a complete abstract of title to any piece of real-estate in Cook county. Mr. Chase soon learned the condition of affairs and decided that a consolidation of the three firms was indis- pensable as a matter of public interest, as well as for the benefit of the firms themselves, and through his efforts a consolidation was effected. With the announcement of this result, the business of furnishing abstracts was resumed, confidence in Cook county real-estate fully restored, and the rebuilding of Chicago commenced. The prime ^-^ cuSey^ BIOGRAPHICAI. IilCTlOXARV AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. 597 object of this consolidation being misunderstood bv the pubhc. great injustice was done the several abstract firms, both by the press and by individuals, who in newspaper articles charged that the com- bination was for the sole purpose of creating a monopoly in the abstract business. So general was this feeling that the Illinois Legislature passed a law limiting the fees for title searches. For- tunately for the public, these unjust charges were groundless and against men of well-known in- tegrity, whose honesty, ability and accuracy had never been questioned and could not now be successfully attacked. They stood true to their trust and loyal to Chicago, and refused to sell their books at any price to a syndicate, which, had a sale been made, would have withdrawn them from their legitimate uses and made them solely a source of personal profit. The result can be imagined when it is remembered that these books contained the only eyidences of title to real-estate worth more than seven hundred mill- ion dollars. Mr. Chase has taken an active interest in Ma- sonic affairs and is held high in the estimation of that Order. When he settled in Chicago in 1852, there were but two Masonic lodges in the city, viz., the La Fayette and Oriental. He was secretary of Oriental Lodge ten \'ears, and held the same office in La Fayette Chapter two years. He is an Episcopalian in religious faith ; he was an earnest participant in the Reformed Episcopal movement and is an active member of Christ Church congregation, under the care of Bishop Charles Edward Cheney. He became a Republican in 1856, when General John C. Fremont was nominated for the presi- dency upon the organization of that party, and has been a staunch advocate of the principles of the party ever since. On June 14, i860, he married Miss Ellen Marian Sherwin, of Chicago; she is a niece of the late William Rickcords, Esq., who was well known in Chicago in the "forties" as the popular landlord of the old Lake House, and later for a number of years, as proprietor of the old Sherman House. They have four children, viz., Samuel M., Bessie L. B., Lucy B. and Horace Stanley. Mr. Chase has been closely identified with the history and growth of Chicago for the past forty years, and with unlimited faith in its future, has improved his opportunities and been \ery success- ful as a business man. WILLIAM VAUGHAN JACOBS, CHICAGO, ILL. WE probably could not find a finer type of the Chicago business man than we have ia the subject of this sketch. Coming to this city when only twenty years of age, William \'aughan Jacobs has worked himself gradually forward to the front rank of energetic public-spirited men. He is the original founder of the villages of Brookline and Burnside : vice-president of the Calumet Electric Street Railroad Company, and a man of enterprise, ability and success. During eighteen years no young man has con- tributed more to the phenomenal growth of this city than Mr. Jacobs. He was born June 19, 1853, at West Chester, Pennsylvania, and was the third son of a family of three sons and three daughters. His brothers were C. Hamilton Jacobs, a member of the Seventy-second Illinois Infantn,-. who died before Vicksburg in 1863 : and Colonel J. E. Jacobs, now of Baltimore. His parents were Thomas B. Jacobs, and Mary (Elliott) Jacobs, daughter of Commodore Jesse Duncan F.lliott. of the United States Navy. William Vaughan was educated at the Military Academy of West Chester, where he distinguished himself by his application to study and his love of field sports. Having completed his course in his seventeenth year, he was sent to the banking house of Messrs. Kirk, MacVeagh & Co.. where he was initiated into business life and methods. In April, 1873, he came to Chicago and took a position in the banking house of Lunt, Preston & Kean, and subsequently was offered and accepted the position of private secretary to Mr. Paul Cornell, the founder of the largest village in the world— Hyde Park. In 1876, Mr. Jacobs went into the real estate 598 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. business, and immediately gave proof of his busi- ness capacity and foresight by investing his means where he foresaw tliat there would be a constantly increasing value. In 1883, he laid out a tract of land in the neighborhood of Cottage Grove avenue and Seventy-second street. Here he built the pretty and flourishing village of Brookline. The location being healthy, easy of access and at that time outside the city, became quite popular with business men and of the numerous residences built there only a few are now in Mr. Jacobs' pos- session. Having been so successful withthe vil- lage of Brookline, he built Burnside, a rapidly improving suburb on Cottage Grove avenue and Ninety-fifth street, and about one mile north of Pullman, on the Illinois Central Railroad. Both these suburbs, Brookline and Burnside, are now inside the limits of the city of Chicago. At the latter, the Illinois Central Railroad Company have purchased ground and are locating their car shops there on an extensive scale. Amongst the resi- dents of these suburbs Mr. Jacobs has the reputa- tion of being a man of thoroughly upright and honorable character, and one who delights to do a kindness to those around him. Together with directing the large interests he has in real estate, he is vice-president and general manager of the Calumet Electric Street Railroad Company on the South side. This company was organized in May, 1890, and built the first electric road in Chicago, and is now building a system, which will, when completed, connect more closely the popu- lation of South Chicago, Grand Crossing, Pull- man, Kensington, Burnside, and Dauphin Park with each other, and with the city and Jackson Park, by a direct connection with the cable and elevated roads at Brookline. The system as now contemplated will be about twenty miles in length. In 1884, Mr. Jacobs was treasurer of the Union League Club, and in 1885, was Lieutenant- Colonel commanding First Cavalry Illinois Na- tional Guard. He was married November 19, 1890, to Mary Whipple, eldest daughter of William Jay Whip- ple, Esq., of Winona, Minn., proprietor and editor of the Winona Herald, and postmaster of the city under President Cleveland. As a business man Mr. Jacobs is competent and conscientious, possessed of a high degree of honor. In all his transactions he has shown him- self to be a man of uncompromising integrity. To such a man Chicago promises a brilliant future. CHARLES PORTER JOHNSON, CHICAGO, ILL. CHARLES PORTER JOHNSON began his career a comparatively poor boy, and has by his unaided efforts risen to an honorable position at the Chicago bar, and in social life. He was born August 15, 1865, at State Line City, Ver- milion county, Illinois, and is the second son of Joseph Simpson and Marilda M. (Kemper) John- son. His father is an Indianian. He studied law and was just admitted to the bar in the State of Indiana, when the war broke out. He was deputy sheriff of Boone county, Indiana, for two years. Afterward he became a general merchant, and also served for eighteen consecutive years as justice of the peace in State Line City. It was while listening to the cases tried in his father's court that young Johnson was fired with the ambition to become a lawyer. His mother is a cousin of Joseph Kemper, e.\-Governorof Virginia. Mr. Johnson's early cducatiim was obtained in the public sclmols of his native city. When he was about fifteen years of age, young Johnson was thrown upon his own resources. He went to Coles county, Illinois, and secured employment on a farm, with the privilege of attending school during the winter. He worked hard and studied diligently, but his ambition was to gain a higher education than that afforded in the public schools, and he attended school at Lee's Academy, at Loxa, Illi- nois. He was a close and apt student, a convincing debater, a practical thinker, and an orator of su- perior merit. He graduated from the academy in 1885. He then went to Terre Haute, Indiana, and studied law in the office of Mr. William A.Young. He passed an examination before the Supreme BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARV A.XD I'OA' TRAIT GALLERY. 6oi Court, and was admitted to the bar April 15, 18S6, being one of the youngest men ever admitted to practice by the Supreme Court of Indiana. Tart of his ambition was realized — he was now a full-fledged lawyer, with youth, but without money or clients. Back to Terre Haute he went ; there had been a murder committed, and Bishop, the prisoner, had no attorney. Judge Mack, of the Circuit Court of Vigo county, appointed young Johnson to defend the prisoner. Mr. Johnson worked with a will, and saved his client from the gallows, the verdict of the jury be- ing nine years in the penitentiary. It was admit- ted to be a great success, and especially so for a voung man scarcely twenty-one and his first case. This case brought him a fee of fifty dollars and an offer, from his preceptor, Mr. Young, of a co- partnership. They moved to Danville, Illinois, but sickness overtook Mr. Johnson; his hard work had told on him, and his life was despaired of. In the meantime his parents had removed to Chicago, and, being notified of his condition, had him brought thither. After an illness of many months he recovered. The struggle of life had to be com- menced anew. He was without funds. Then be- gan the weary search for emplo)'ment, and only those who have had the experience can realize the situation. Law ofifice after law office was visited, but they did not need his help. He turned his efforts in other directions, and finally secured work in a commission house on South Water street at a salary of three dollars per week. While working for this house he became acquainted with Judge Booth, and made arrangements to continue his studies at the Union College of Law. He studied in the early morning and at night, and worked in the commission store during the day. After fin- ishing his law studies he was introduced to Mr. C. H. Willett, a prominent lawyer, and secured a position in his office at five dollars per week. This was in iSiSj. He was at once given cases to try and so well did he succeed that, at the end of eight months, Mr. Willett admitted him to a partnership. Since Mr. Johnson's advent at the bar of Chi- cago, he has been engaged in the trial cjf several murder cases, and none of his clients have ever been convicted. He was attorney for the town of Lake in 1890, and was the youngest attorney the town ever had. He was married August 21, 1889, to Miss Derrele West, daughter of Mr. Pleasant West, a leading merchant of Georgetown, Illinois. Mrs. Johnson isa lady of high intellectual endowments, but of retiring habit.s. She graduated from the Chicago Female College in the class of 1887. Her chief enjoyment is in her home, where she presides gracefully, and with dignity. Mr. Johnson is a thirty-second degree Mason, and at the time of taking this degree w s one of the youngest thirty-second degree Masons in the countrj-. He is a member of Dearborn Lodge, No. 310, A. F. and A. M., Lafayette Chapter, No. 2, R. A. M., Palestine Council, No. 66, R. and S. M., Chavelier Bayard, K. T., No. 52, Orien- tal Consistory, S. P. R. S., 32 degree, Medina Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S. He is also an Odd-fellow, and a member of the Royal Arcanum. In politics Mr. Johnson is a strong and consis- tent Democrat, and is in great demand by his part)' during political campaigns. He has stumped the States of Iowa, Illinois and Indiana, in the interest of his party. He is a member of the Iroquois, the White- chapel Club, the Wannetons and the Cook Coun- ty Democratic clubs. In 1890, when the State of Iowa was inaugurating Governor Boies, its first Democratic governor for years, the Cook County Democratic Club attended the ceremonies in a body, and to Mr. Johnson was given the honor of responding on behalf of the club, which he did with eloquence. Mr. Johnson is attorney for several large cor- porations, his energy and abilities being devoted mainly to corporation and real-estate law. What success Mr. Johnson has already attained is undoubtedly due to his forensic ability, indomit- able energy, integrity and clear understanding of the law. He is one cf the recognized orators at the Chicago bar. He is a natural born lawyer, and can present a point of law to the courts, or argue the facts of a case to the jury with clear- ness and force. He seems to have intuitive knowledge of the law, aiul is master of its most subtle principles. It is not often that a man finds himself at the age of twenty-six in a commanding position in the world, attained by his own unaided efforts, and when this has been achieved in a hand-to-hand 6o2 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. struggle before the bar, it is success indeed. Such tile mind, the future is indeed promising to him ; has been the achievement of Charles Porter John- and standing prominently among the younger son. members of the Chicago bar, by reason of his Mr. Johnson is of medium height, has a kind, oratorical abilities, sound logic, and knowledge of generous and social nature, is a good counselor and the law, there is none more worthy of a place in true friend. Possessed of a vigorous and versa- this work of representative men. JOHN H. LESLIE, CHICAGO, ILL. JOHN HAMPTON LESLIE was born in Montro.se, Scotland, November 4, 1851. George Leslie and Jean (Hampton) Leslie left Scotland in early married life to build their fortunes in the then Arcadia of the world, America. Leaving a fair business and worthy social connections in the old country, it de- manded sterling qualities of character to sup- port and raise a large family midst the disad- vantages of strangers in a strange land. But the qualities necessary were not lacking in either parent, and by persevering and worthy effort their object was accomplished. During all these years of toil the high literary tastes and talents of the father found various out- flowing channels, and the mother held together in a happy home the children as they grew from infancy to man's estate. The fourth child born to them was John H. After finishing grammar school at twelve years of age, it was necessary for him to earn some- thing for himself, and for two years he served the Western Union Telegraj)!) d). as messenger boy ; afterward, at fourteen, he went to work as errand boy in a wholesale grocery house of this cit\-. His boyish taste for games was sadly curtailetl by his duties, but the habits- formed of placing work before play have been the basis of much of his success. At sixteen, by use of his savings, he was able to attend an excellent academy, and so forwarded his education to an ajipreciable extent. After a limited course at the academy, he returned to work, entering as clerk in a wholesale grocery ; and he occupied in succession various higher posi- tions till at twenty-one he became connected with his father in merchandise brokerage. This enterprise, begun by his father in 1863, had, under his judicious management, become well established in point of business and an hon- orable name. George Leslie was especially re- spected by all those with whom he dealt, as a man of unimpeachable integrity and of superior character. Some time after this John H. was made a part- ner, and later on, owing to the ill health of the father, the responsibility and management of af- fairs devolved upon him. A more extensive business was entered into— adding to the broker- age the importing of foreign dried fruits and gen- eral commission in canned and domestic dried fruits, till, at the present time, the firm of John H. Leslie & Co., is among the most prominent in its line of any in the United States. Mr. Leslie, in connection with his business enterprises, has traveled somewhat extensively; he knows well the resources of our own vast regions, west and northwest, from personal observation, and also the country and people of Mexico; and, in addi- tion to the important centers of P>urope proper, has visited Norway and the far eastern cities of Greece and Turke\-. 'Mr. Leslie was marrietl in 1875 to Miss Sallie L. Wood worth, daughter of James H. Wood- worth, one of Chicago's honored citizens of early date— twice mayor of the city and member of Congress from Illinois. Of Presbyterian teaching in earl\- childhood, at the age of twenty-two, Mr. Leslie united with the Bapti.st Church of Highland Park, 111., of which denomination he is to-day an active member, ready, at the call of Christian duties, to subserve other interests; is .second vice-president of the \'. M. C. A., and has, for several years, held the offices of deacon and Sunday-school superinten- dent of the First Baptist Church of Chicago. BIOGRAPinCAI. niCTlOXAUV .\\i> 605 Of Scottisli birth and coming to this country at the early age of tlircc )-cars, Mr. Leslie has devel- oped into the staunchcst of Americans, loving his adopted countrj- with that steadfastness and loy- alty characteristic of the stock from which he sprung. Republican b}- education and choice, he is not so partisan as to fail to see the abuses of party : he means to follow whatever in politics, whether national or muncipal, appeals to his con- victions as to what is the highest good. When, in 1S91, a reform movement in muncipal govern- ment was inaguratcd by the nomination of a citi- zen's ticket, Mr. Leslie was named for the office of city treasurer, and though, in consequence of the cohesion of the old political parties, the movement was not at that time a success, Mr. Leslie's great personal popularity, together with his forcefulness of public speech in the presence of audiences often numbering many thousands, contributed as much perlia])s as an_\- one cause to the surprisingly large vote that was polled for the citizens' ticket. United to his deeply grounded principles, his powers of oratory promise to be of much service in whichever good cause he espouses. About forty-one years of age, in persoral ap- pearance he is tall and robust, has light com- plexion, dark brown hair, and gray eyes ; is of a kindly disposition and genial manners. His fine business talents, excellent judgment in all practical affairs, and his devotion to the advancement of truth and right, place John H. Leslie among our worthiest representative busi- ness men of Chicago. FRANCIS W. WALKER, CHICAGO, ILL. FRANCLS \V. WALKER, of the law firm of Walker. Judd & Hawley, was born (October 12, 1856, at Chicago, Illinois. Mr. Walker comes from old New England stock; while his father, Lucas B., and his mother, Lucinda (Le Suer) Walker, were natives of New York State, his an- cestry dates back to the early colonial days of Massachusetts and Connecticut. Mr. Walker re- ceived his early education in the Chicago schools. He is in the fullest sense a self-made man, for, while still a boy, the great fire wiped out the business of his father, who was at that time a prosperous merchant on South Water street, and the boy Francis was compelled at an early age, to work out, alone and unaided, the career which he had mapped out for himself. His earliest ambi- tions were in the direction of the law. Immedi- ately after the fire he obtained a position in the mailing department of the Chicago Times. In addition to this work he established a large pa])er route, and did the work of .selling and distributing his papers himself. While carrj'ing on this work he still kept in attendance at the high school. After completing the course at the higlj school he spent two years in Dyrenforth's Academy. In 1S75, Mr. Walker entered the law office of Mills & Ingham, carrj-ing on his studies here in connection with his course in the Union College of Law. After graduating with high iionors in 1877, Mr. Walker formed a partnership with Law- rence M. Ennis, of this city, under the firm name of Ennis & W'alker. This partnership continued until December, 1884, when Mr. Walker was ap- pointed First Assistant State's Attorne}-. In the historj' of this city there has been no period .so stormy and full of exciting and im- portant events as the three years from 1884 to 1887, during which time Julius S. Grinnell was State's Attorney, and Francis W. Walker was his First Assistant — the trial of the anarchists; the county commissioners charged with briberj- and fraud, known as "The Boodlers;" the three Italians, whose brutal murders are still fresh in the minds of all, and the many other important criminal trials which have contributed so much to the eventful historj- of the city of Chicago. In 1887, Mr. Walker resigned his position in the States Attorney's office, and formed a partnership with Edward J. Judd, under the firm name of Walker & Judd, which partnership continued until Januar^•, 1892, when the present firm of Walker, Judd & Hawley was formed, Mr. Samuel F. I law ley being admitted to the firm at that time. Mr. Walker is a prominent member of the 6o6 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. Iroquois and Douglas Clubs, and of the Royal Arcanum. He is also a Knight Tcni])lar and a thirty-second degree Mason. In jiolitics he is a staunch Democrat, and is always found in front rank of speakers in every campaign. Intellectually, Mr. Walker is much more than a lawyer, as the large and well chosen librar\- at his home, and his fondness for it, \\ill tcstif}-. Meta- physics, science, history, political economy, and in fact all branches of study he enjoys after the manner of the true scholar. As a lawyer, Mr. Walker finds his natural place in the court room. No one acquainted with the profession will deny that Mr. Walker is possessed to the fullest extent of the ([ualities which go to make up the success- ful advocate. He has a \'ery eloquent and force- ful manner, which, together with his strong perso- nality and strength of character, have placed him where he stands to-day, one of the most prominent advocates at the Chicago bar. Possessing personal and social qualities of a higher order, Mr. Walker is much esteemed by all who know him, and as a citizen he has the confidence and respect of those who appreciate a gentleman of culture. As an energetic, upright, and conscientious lawyer he is destined to occupy a very prominent position, not only at the bar of Chicago, but of the United States. JAMES P. MALLETTE, CHICAGO, ILL. THERE is probably no city on this continent where there are so many young, energetic and self-made men who have won for themselves, by their own unaided exertion, an honorable record and a comfortable competency, as in the city of Chicago. In the race of life the active and persevering invariably lead. Courage, constancy and confidence, combined with ability and pru- dence, always lead to success. To young America is largely due Chicago's phenomenal success. Prominent among the young representalixe men of this city is James P. Mallette. He was born in St. Louis, Missouri, on October 1", 1S51, where his father, I'rancis Mallette, was one of th(^' early settlers. I Ic was a h'renchman by birlli, but had been for a long time in this country, engaged in lead mining with success at Galena, Illi- nois; but at the time of his death, in i860, his estate realized littlemorethan the family homestead. His mother, Isabel (Berry) Malkttc, belongs to an old southern family who were formerly large slave- holders. Young Mallette was third in a family of three boys and two girls, and is now the oldest living and the only represcntati\e of the family in Chi- cago. He received his education in the public schools of St. Louis and graduatcil fi-(]ni the high school there, when about sixteen wars of age. His first employment in business was in a tobacco commission house in St. Louis, where he remained for a year and then w ent into business, in partner- ship with his brother-in-law ; but they were not successful. His next venture was as traveler for a wholesale oil house in St. Louis, in which he was very successful. His active habits and busi- ness ability was not only recognized by the firm by which he was engaged, but by business men generally ; and he was offered such inducements by a Chicago house in the wholesale woodenware trade, that he accepted tlieir offer to travel for them in 1873. After two years he went into business for himself, first in wholesale wooden- ware and afterwards in the manufacture of fur- niture, riu- firm of Mallette and ]va_\'nioiul con- tinued successfidly for several years. About this time Mr. M.dlette became interesteil in real-estate speculations, in connection with Charles H. Eggleston, and tiiese \entures proving liighly successful, the firm of J. 1'. Mallette & Co. was organizeil, and he sokl his interest in the furniture business and devoteil his time entirely to real- estate transactions. The l)us\- and active habits of Mr. Mallette soon after found another field for work and wc find him a member of the firm of R. E. RrowncU & Co., contractors for street building and other [jublie iniprox'ements, with t|uariies opened at Thornton, Illinois, averaging about one hundred cars of stone a da_\-. Both the real-estate and contracting proved very successful, were con- solidated under the name of Eggleston, Mallette & Brownell, and are continued to the present date. ^2i^ niOGRAPHICAL DICriOXARV AXI'> roHTRAIT (..AI.I.I-.RV. 609 The beautiful residence suburbs, Auburn I'ark and Flggleston, give proof of progressive ideas and business foresight ; they are so well known as attractive, healthful and well laid out residence districts that it is unnecessary to add that the firm deserves the very highest credit and that they are receiving a very large patronage from the Chicago public. Mr. Mallette is not only a man of good business training, industrious habits and of great executive ability, but he has the reputation in all his busi- ness transactions of the highest honor and of incorruptible integrity. For a number of years he has devoted himself to the duties of vestryman of Trinity Reformed Episcopal Clniich. He was one of the organizers of the '•Hume' Club of Englewood, a social organization, of which he was afterwards president for three consecutive years ; he is also a member of the Union League Club and a Knight Templar in the Masonic fraternity. Al- though his life has been a busy one, Mr. Mallette has found time to inform himself by travel, and has enlarged his mind and increased his knowledge by that means, which is so often neglected by business men. In politics he is a Republican and takes a great interest in local affairs; while a strong advocate of the principles of his party, he is tolerant and liberal with all who differ from him. Mr. Mallette was married June 27, 1877, to Miss Mabel L. Stevens, of Chicago, and their union has been blessed with a family of seven children — three boys and three girls of whom are living. While of a social and buoyant disposition, Mr. Mallette is a thoroughly domestic man, who finds in the companionship of his accomplished wife ami in the affection <>f his children his greatest happiness; and in his home, which he has surrounded with everything that can increase the comfort or add to the pleasure of his family, he spends the most pleasant hours of his life. NICHOLAS B. DELAMATER, A.M., M.D. CHICAGO, ILL. THE practice of medicine may consistently be said to have fallen by inheritance to him whose name heads this sketch, he being the eighth son in the genealogical order of his family to follow that profession. He was born February 21, 1844, in Albanj^ county. New York, the son of Ira M. Uelamater, M.D., and Elizabeth (Beebee) Uelamater. Both his paternal and maternal an- cestors were among the pioneer settlers of Albany county, New York, and came originally from Hol- land, and were active participants in the Revolu- tionary war. Our subject is one of three chil- dren. After leaving the public schools, Nicholas completed his preparatory studies at the Albany -Academy and afterward entered as a student at Harvard College. This was during the early part of the war of the rebellion. And in 1 863, catching the spirit of the times, and true to his sense of duty and |)atriotism, he exchanged the student's " ca]) and gown " for the uniform of the sf)ldier, and enlisteil in the service, becoming second lieutenant in a company of the Seventeenth Regi- ment, State Volunteers. He was in active service until the close of the war in 1 865, and participated in many of its famous battles, such as Gettysburg, the Battle of the Wilderness, etc. After the close of the war he turned his attention to mercantile pursuits, and for about three years was engaged in the wholesale dry- goods trade at Richmond, Indiana. During these years of army service and business life, he retained his love for study, and made good use of such op- portunities as offered to cultivate his mind and in crease his store of knowledge. He then engaged in farming for a short time and also taught school, and having determined to carry out his earlier plan of entering the medical profession, pursued a course of medical studies at Hahnemann Medi- cal College, Chicago, graduating from that insti- tution with the degree of M. D., in 1873. He thereupon established himself in practice in Chi- cago and began that professional career in which he has achieved great success. Recognizing his eminent fitness for the position, the authorities of the Chicago Hom(eoi)athic Medical College, in 1881, elected him lecturer on mental and nervous diseases, a position which he still ( 1890) holds. Ur. Delamatcr is also on the staff of attending pliy 6io KIOGIiAFHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. sicians at the College Hospital and at Cook- County Hospital. Dr. Delamater has been honored with member- ship in many prominent associations and societies, particular!)- the Chicago Academy of Homceopa- thy : the Wisconsin Homoeopathic State Society and the Illinois Homoeopathic State Society. He is also a member of the Royal League, the Royal Arcanum and the Union League Club of Chicago. About 1886 he becapie a membtr of Landmark Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons. Dr. Dela- mater's travels have been confined to the United States. He has ahva"\s been a close observer of events and makes it his business to keep in touch with the progress of the times, not only in the line of his profession, but also in all matters of public or general interest. For more than twenty years he has been a consistent member of the Haptist denomination. His political sentiments have al- ways been Republican, though he takes little active interest in political affairs more than to perform his duties as a loyal citizen. Dr. Delamater was married November 3, 1870, to Miss Ella J. Link, of Woodstock, Illinois: a most estimable woman, who figures prominently- in charitable and benev- olent work. CHARLES H. FERGUSON, CHICAGO, ILL. IX the front rank of the great financial insti- tutions of the world stands the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York, it having the largest cash assets of any company in the world. To manage the affairs of the Chicago agency of such a corporation requires a man of superior ability, tact, industry- and firm integ- rity. Such a man was found in the subject of this sketch, who has mastered the problems of life insurance. He has under his control one hundred and fifty agents, and his skill and ability as a manager and e.xecutive officer has been shown in the phenomenal growth of the company's business in Illinois since he has had charge of it. Charles H. Ferguson was born in Oswego, New V'ork, August 13, 1846, the son of George L. and Amanda ( Hoes) Ferguson. His father was a promi- nent furniture manufacturer and dealer at Oswe- go, Hannibal, Fulton, and Auburn, New \"ork, for over fifty years, and died in the i.ittcr city at the age of seventy-si.\. Charles attended the public sclu)ols until he was thirteen years okl. From his thirteenth to his sixteenth year he was a clerk in a drug store at Auburn, New York, after which he went west and became a clerk in the wholesale grocery house of Messrs. Blair ami Persons at Milwaukee, Wisconsin. When the war of the Rebellion o[)ened he en- listed in Comjiany A, Thirty-ninth Regiment, Wisconsin \'olunteer Infantr\-. His regiment was assigiicii to the ,\rmy of the Tennessee, under Gen. A. J. Smith. After serving the full term of his enlistment, he was honorably discharged. Returning to Milwaukee, he was in the pay- master and purchasing departments of the Chi- cago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad, and express business, until about 1869, when he returned to Auburn, New York, and became a solicitor for the Mutual Life Lisurance Com- pany of New York, under Mr. Albert W. Law- ton, then and now (1892) district manager at that place. In 1873 he accepted the general agency of the O.swego and Onondaga Fire Insurance Company for the west. Three years later the company retired from business, reinsur- ing with the Commercial Union of London. In June, 1876, Mr. Ferguson entered the em- p]o\- of the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York, at Chicago, as cashier, and remained until 1 88 1, when he was appointed acting agent, to succeed Mr. John W. Meaker, resigned. In 1883 he received from Messrs. Merrell and Ferguson, general agents at Detroit, the appointment as local agent for Chicago. In 1886 he formed a copartnership with Mr. II. .S. Winston, as man- aging agents for Chicago and Cook county. The partnership terminated by limitation February i, 1889. In June, 1887 (prior to the dissolution), he was appointed b}' the Mutual Life Insurance Company, general agent for Illinois, which posi- tion he now holds. wyfym^« in business with his father ; James Laniard, a student in the Uni- versit)- of Michigan; Charles 1 1.. Jr., and Jessie prize, a beautiful solid silver bowl, at Saratoga, May, deceased. HON. ALBERT G. SCOTT. KKARNKY, NKI!. ALHLR r G. SCOTT was born at Harre, Ver- mont, on June 12. 1825, to Jacob and Laura Scott. His father, who was a prosperous farmer, was a man of considerable prominence. He served two terms in each branch of tile \'ermont Legis- lature, and was twice elected Probate Judge and once County Commissioner. In 1849 he retireil from farm life, and became editor and publisher of the Green Mountain Freeman, an anti-slavery journal published at Montpelier, Vermont, which under his management became one of the leading papers of New England in the cause of freedom and equal rights. He was colonel of the State militia for several years. Albert spent his boyhood on his father's farm, and attended the district school, and later com- pleted his schooling at Newbury Seminar}', Ver- mont. After leaving school he engaged in farm- ing, spending the winter months in teaching dis- trict school, for which he received a compensation of thirteen dollars per month and his board. In 1851 he moved to La Salle, Illinois, and en- gaged in general merchandising until 1856, when he removed to Sheffield and established himself in the lumber trade. Two years later he added to his business that of general merchandising and buying and selling grain, and also gratified his love for farming by engaging in agricultural pur- suits. He did a thriving business and accumulateii considerable property. In 1879 he removed to Kearney, Nebraska, his present home. He here continued the lumber business, and dealt in grain extensively, and also bought several large farms and raised grain on an extensive scale. He built seven elevators along the line of the Burlington and Missouri Railroad. In 1S8;; he became one of the founders of the h'irst National Hank oi Kear- ney, and has been chairman of its board of directors and a member of its finance committee since its organization. The bank's capital is one hun- dred and fift\' thous.uul dollars, besides a large surplus. Mr. Scott has always taken a commendable in- terest in public matters, and is known for his pub- lic spirit. While residing at Sheffield, he repre- sentetl his district in the Thirty-first General Assembh' of Illinois, it being the session at which General John A. Logan was elected to the United States Senate. He was also a member of the city council four successive terms, and trustee of the public school fund, and was alternate delegate to the National Republican Convention in 1876. Since removing to Nebraska, in 1884, he was elect- ed alternate to the .National Republican Conven- tion at Chicago. In May, 189O, he was nominateil b\- Goxernor John M. Thayer, of Nebraska, as a Commissioner for the World's Columbian Exposition, and his appointment was confirmeil by the State Depart- ment at Washington, D. C, May 21, 1890. In politics, Mr. Scott is a staunch Republican. He voted the " Liberty ticket " for representatives to the State Legislature of Vermont in 1847. His religious faith has alwa\'s been thoroughly orthodox ; his first teachings were in that direc- tion, and he has never di.scovered an)' good reason for changing his views. In 1889, he was a State delegate to the triennial association of the Con- gregational Church held ,it Worn ster, Massa- chusetts. 6i4 BIOGRAI'IIICAL DICTIOXARV AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. He has been a member of the Masonic fraternity since 1854, and became a member of the Inde- pendent Order of Good Templars in 1S55. In March, 1849, Mr. Scott married Miss Ehza- beth A. Hatch, who died in 1852. In 1857 he married Miss Emily A. Smith. Mr. Scott is a man of tenii)crate habits and refined tastes, and posse.s.ses personal qualities of the highest order. He exerts a wide influence in ids .State, and is greatly esteemed by a wide range of loyal friends. His business ventures have been uniformly successful, and he enjoys an ample for- tune, lie is withal domestic in his tastes, and en- joys more than all else his social and home life. JOHN M. GARTSIDE, CHICAGO, ILL. JOHN M. GARTSIDE was born in Philadel- phia, Pennsylvania, August 24, 1849, the son of Benjamin and Caroline (Measey) Gartside, who were natives of Lancashire, England. His parents came to this country early in life and settled in Philadelphia, where they lived for many years. Here the father became a steel portrait artist and was in the employ of John Sartain, editor of " Sar- taiii's Magasinc" of Philadelphia. In 1855, the family moved to Iowa City, Iowa. Their limited means became more so during the financial crisis of 1857. The change of climate and other causes incident to settlement in a new country' combined, so wrought upon the father's health that he was prostrated upon a bed of sick- ness, leaving the care of the family to his courage- ons wife and eldest son, the subject of this sketch. He chopped wood, worked on the farm, often do- ing a man's work, and never letting an opportu- nity go unimproved whereby he might contribute to the needs of the family. In 1861 the family moved to Davenport, Iowa, where John was per- mitted, in a measure, to gratify his burning desire for an education, ami where he obtained work at once in the merchant tailoring establish- ment of Mr. 1'. I.. Cone, at one dollar per week, but reserving a portion of his time for study. In this manner for four \cars he worketl ami attended the common and high schools, and later attended the evening sessions of the Bryant and Stratton Business College. He remained with Mr. Cone about seven years, being promoted from time to time, until, in 1868, he had almost the entire charge and control of the business. For the next two )-ears he was employed as book-keei)er, cashier and office manager of the Mutual Life Insurance Compan}- of Chicago. The change was to him most opportune. The boy be- came a rrtan, catching glimpses of the busy world lying outside that to which his life had thus far been confined, and discovering in himself a pecu- liar tact and skill in dealing with men, he was un- able longer to content himself in the narrow rou- tine of clerical life, and resolved, at any cost of self-sacrifice or labor, to fit himself for the practice of law. Giving up a lucrative position, he started for Chicago with the determination to study law. After a week's search he secured a position in the law-of^ce of Messrs. Dent and Black (October 10, 1870), his duties being to keep the books of the firm and do general ofifice-work, for which he was CO receive seven dollars per week. He went to his task with a will and soon became a proficient law- tlerk. In addition to his law studies, he pursued other branches under private tutors, and thus early and late applied himself to study and work. In June, 1873, Mr. Gartside was examined by the Supreme Court, sitting at Mt. Vernon, Illinois, and was admitted to the bar. He continued, how- ever, with Messrs. Dent and Black until February, 1876, as chief clerk, and was entrusted with many important matters in the courts, and during the last \ear of his clerkship recei\ed, aside from the pii\ilege of practicing on his own account, a salar\' of twelve hundred dollars. To most young lawyers this would have been satisfactory, but Mr. Gartside, with characteristic independence, re- solved to establish a reputation and practice for himself, and accordingly resigned this position and opened an office on his own account. The decis- ion proved a wise one. The few clients, who had entrusted their business to him while a law-clerk, innluiooed with him and h.nmhto thers, anil from BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARV AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. 615 the first he had a fair practice whicli hasijradiially grown, each year exhibitiii- Weitzel and Frederick K. Steele. 6i6 BKXIRAI'HICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT CALLERY. Immediately after his discharge he joined his brother in conducting a country store at Ames- bury, Massachusetts, but soon tired of tlnit and became connected with the Frccdnian's Bureau of Virginia. There he was associated with Gen. S. C. Armstrong, who founded the Hampton In- dustrial School, at Hampton, Virginia. In 1869, Mr. Purington embarked in the lumber business at Chicago. The disastrous fire of 1871 caused a great demand for building materials of a substantial nature, which led him to abandon the lumber business, and turn his attention to the manufacture of brick. He first became general manager of Messrs. Straus, Hahnes and Com- pany's works, having at that time under his super- vision four brickyards. In 1874 he formed a co- partnership with Mr. Christopher Tegtmeyer, under style of Tegtmeyer and Company. This partnership was dissolved in 1878, and in the following year he associated himself with Mr. Norman B. Ream, under the firm name of D. V. Purington and Company. This firm contin- ued in business two years. In 188 1, Mr. Pu- rington, with Mr. Spencer S. Kimball, organ- ized the Purington-Kimball Brick Company, which has conducted a prosperous business to the present time (1892). In 1885, Mr. I'urington founded the village of Purington, on. the Chicago, Rock Lsland and Pa- cific Railroad, where their works are located, and wliere two hundred and fifty men find regular employment. The Purington-Kimball Brick Com- pany is noted for its just and liberal treatment of its employes. Politically, Mr. Purington is a staunch Republi- can, and a firm believer in the principles of that party, as advocated by Mr. McKinley. He takes deep interest in political affairs, both local and na- tional. He was county commissioner of Cook county from 1879 to 1882, and was elected to serve out the unexpired term of one of the "boodler" commissioners, who had been sent to the peni- tentiary. He is a member of the Loyal Legion, Grand Army of the Republic, and of the Union League Club. In 1878, he became a member of Lakeside Lodge, No. 727, A. F. and A. M., and is now a member of Chicago Chapter and Chevalier Bayard Commandery. • In July, 1886, Mr. Purington married Mrs. Jennie F. Crandall, a lady of estimable worth, social and refined, and in the circle of his home, in the society of his wife, he passes the happiest moments of life. WILLIAM DEERING, CHICAGO, ILL Tl 1 F history of the great west contains many characters of real worth and excellence, as is attested in this work ; characters furnishing such practical illustrations of the value to society of the cardinal virtues of business life, as to make it not only desirable, but eminently important that record of the more prominent examples of per- sonal commercial integrity and success should be presented to the world, not only for honorable commendation of that life, but as a worthy guide for the footsteps of those who follow after. Men who live in the eye of the public as incum- bents of oiifice, conferred by suffrages of the peo- ple, reach places in history by the force in cir- cumstances, as well as by personal worth and the faithful employment of great abilities for the good of the nation. Men in business life can rise into prominence, and become objects of high considera- tion in public estimation, only by the develop- ment of the noblest attributes of manhood and mentality, in enterprises that largely affect the well-being of communities. The subject of this sketch finds an appropriate place in the history of the men of business and enterprise in the great west, whose force of char- acter, whose sterling integrity, whose fortitude amid discouragements, whose good sense in the management of complicated afTairs, whose con- trol of agencies and circumstances, and whose marked success in establishing great industries and bringing to completion advanced schemes for the betterment and comfort of mankind, have con- tributed to such an eminent degree to the solidity and progress of the cit>- and country. ^££^^>^^^^ BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARV AXD PORTRAIT C.AI.LERY. 619 The biographical data in Mr. Dcerinjjs life claim a brief space. He was born in Oxford county, Maine, April 24, 1836. His father and mother were James and Eliza (Moore) Deerin^. His ancestors immigrated from England in 1634. and in all the histories of New England from that time the name of Deering finds most honorable mention. Ehvell's History of Maine, Savage's Genealogical Dictionary, Cushman's New England and Williamson's Genealogy of New England, all devote honorable notice to the Deering family. William Deering's boyhood was much the same as that of other boys reared by earnest Christian parents. His scholastic education consisted of the full and regular course of studies in vogue at that time in the common and graded .schools, and was finished in the high school of Readfield, Maine. He went into business while yet in his " teens," and while yet in his earliest manhood he assumed for a time the duties of his first impor- tant position, that of manager of a woolen mill in Maine, in which he was interested by natural taste and inclination. He discharged every trust re- posed in him to the eminent satisfaction of his directors, and after the termination of his labors there he engaged in various business enterprises, to which is doubtless largely due his marked fer- tility and genius in handling manufacturing de- tails. In 1871 he became interested in the manufac- ture of the Marsh harvester, in which he had un- limited confidence for a great future, and in 1873 he removed with his family to Evanston, near Chicago. The confidence Mr. Deering had placed in the true merits of his manufacture was not misplaced ; the demand for harvesters increased so rapidly in the first few years of his management that he decided to remove to a point of greater railroad facilities, and in 1880 he removed his en- tire harvesting machine works to their present location, in Chicago. The twelve years intervening since that removal has amply demonstrated the wisdom of it ; as it has not only placed the archi- tect of its great fortune in the first rank of manu- facters, in the United States, but has afforded steady, uninterrupted employment of thou.sands of men, and placed its name as a liousehold word throughout the agricultural world. Mr. Deering's religious views are fitly tho.se of a good Christian, both in theory and practice. In politics, AFr. Deering is an old-school Repub- lican, ever faithful to the jjatriotism of that grand old party, and ever unchanging in his belief in its principles, as the basis for hope and security in the rights and privileges of man's personal liber- ty, as proclaimed in the sacred lines of our con- stitution. Mr. Deering differs widel_\- from many of the leading men of to-day, in that he has never sought nor accepted office, with but one exception, when he was in the council of Governor Perham, of Maine, during that gentleman's incumbency. Mr. Deering is a liberal subscriber to public and pri- vate charities, and to many of Chicago's most thriving public institutions. He is a trustee of the Northwestern University and also interested, as a philanthropist, in several other like institutions ; but is not associated with any secret society, political or social, either as a member or patron. Mr. Deering has been twice married, his first marriage being to Miss Abby Barbour, of Maine, daughter of Charles and Joanna (Cobb) Barbour, October 31, 1849. irom this union there was one child, Charles, born in 1852, and now the secretary of the great firm of Wm. Deering and Companj-. Mr. Deering's second wife was Miss Clara Ham- ilton of Maine, daughter of Charles and Mary (Barbour) Hamilton. This marriage took place December 15, 1857, from which there were two children, James and Abby Marion, both born in Maine ; the former in 1859 and the latter in 1867 — Mr. James Deering being treasurer and general manager of the Deering firm. Personally Mr. Deering is tall, sparely built, and weighing in the neighborhood of i70-pounds; he is modest and retiring and rather given to se- clusion during business hours, but out of the office and when not engaged in evolving some new im- provement for the future advancement of his vast business, he is the soul of affability and liberal consideration. Mr. Deering's interest in his employes and his great qualities of sympathy find fitting place as a factor of success in his business life. Fairly un- derstanding men he is not afraid to trust them, and the confidence thus reposed in his em- ployes inspire them with strong attachments to his person and his fortunes. Their fidelity and devotion to his interests always meet with ample reward. 620 BJOGRAPinCAl^ DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. Mr. Ueering's business career has been singu- larly free from all troubles involved in the relation of capital to labor. The attachments and friend- ships that associate themselves around him, make his life a rich inheritance as thou-dits of age steal in u])on his vig(jrous understanding. The highest relation that man sustains to society and his race, furnish the concluding observation on Mr. Deer- ing's character — a Christian gentleman and a manlv man. EDWARD S. STICKXEV, CHICAGO, ILL. EDW.ARD SWAN" STICKXRV was born in the old Stickney homestead in Newburjport, ■Massachusetts, on October 7, 1824. The Stickney family is of English descent. Its first representa- tive in this country- was William Stickney, who immigrated from Hampton, Lincolnshire, England, in 1637 ; and a monument to his memor\- is erect- ed in the old grave yard at Rowley, Massachusetts. Several generations of the family lived in New- burj'port, and there the grandfather and father of our subject were born. Enoch Stickney, his father, was born on De- cember 20, 1789; he married, November 16, 1823, Sarah Wyer, a daughter of Nathaniel and Sarah (Nevins) Knapp, whose family historj- dates from early colonial times. He was a merchant in Newburyport, and highly esteemed for his upright and virtuous character. Edward's mother lived in the house in which he was born until her decease in 1 891, at the advanced age of ninety-five years. Mr. Stickney was naturally inclined to study, and in early life evinced that love for literature and the arts that characterized his subsequent ca- reer ; but owing to his father's long illness and death, while he was yet a youth, the care of his mother and younger brother and sister devolved upon him, and he was compelled to forego his studies and turn his attention to business. His aptitude and efficiency are best evidenced by the fact that before he attained his majority he held important positions of trust with the Boston, Concord and Montreal Railroad Company and the old Mechanics' Bank of Concord, New Hamp- shire. In 1855 he removed from the last named city to Chicago, which was thenceforward his home until his decease, which occurred on March 20, 1880. For about four years after his arrival in Chicago he was a faithful and trusted employe of Mr. .S. Wright, a manufacturer of agricultural im- plements. During the financial crisis of 1S59 ^"'i i860, Mr. .Stickney was made manager of the special clearing-house which was established in Chicago, and made necessary by the unstable con- dition of the paper currency then circulating in the west ; and such was the skill with which he managed this office, making satisfactory and equit- able daily settlements for the banks of Chicago, when a fluctuating currency made such settlements exceedingly difficult, that he became widely known as an able financier, and was tendered a responsi- ble position in the banking house of Messrs. Drexel & Company, which he accepted and held until 1868. Upon the organization of the Stock Yards National Bank he was elected its cashier : and during the ten years that he filled this office the institution grew, under his careful and skillful management, from a modest beginning to be one of the largest and strongest financial houses of Chicago. He became president of this bank in 1878, and so continued until the time of his de- cease. In all his business relations Mr. Stickney was careful, cautious and conservative, and uniformly successful. But his success in business never, in any degree, dwarfed the finer sensibilities of his higher, nobler nature ; his love for the fine arts, his passionate fondness for music and his tastes for literature and general culture increased more and more as life advanced. His was a well roundeil character ; thoroughly a business man, he was yet neither austere nor selfish. He never forgot the struggles of his early life, and always had a word of cheer and a helping hand for worthy young men battling for a start in life. He was a man of marked personality, but withal, modest and unas- suming. His religious instincts were strong and his sense of honor gave color to all his actions. He was a firm friend to those who won his confi- ^\Jl' IL^^^^u^ / BlOCIiAI'HICAl. DICTIOXAliV AXD rOKTRAIT HA/./.KKV. 623 ilcncc, and in all his social relations ho was ;^cnial, courteous and chivalrous. His was a knightly soul : he knew not meanness, and in his thought and care for others he lost sight of self. To him business and its emoluments were only means to an end, and he prized riches only as they contributed to making the world better and brighter, and building up noble manhood and womanhood. Upon his first arrival at Chicago he identified him- sejf with musical and literarj- culture, then in their infancy in his new home: he was one of the found- ers and promoters of the Philharmonic Society, to which Chicago is largely indebted for her present standing as a musical center. The following tribute to his character and worth is by one of his intimate friends and associates : " Mr, Stickney had a refined taste and cultivated mind. Early in life he developed an earnest de- sire for the study of the choicest classics in English literature. He had a great avidity for first and rare editions. In his earlier manhood he denied himself many well-earned lu.xuries for the sake of securing costly copies of the great writers of the Elizabethan period, and other literary treasures and rarities : and he not only owned these works, but read them with assiduous care and untiring interest and pleasure. His love for the best authors and for the greatest masters of the Eng- lish language, and his companionship with friends of kindred taste, bore fruit in a life of high intel- lectual enjoyment. He was also a collector of fine editions of standard authors, and never wearied in the search for choice additions to his remarkable library. His fondness for music, and for the great productions of the masters was a marked and charming trait of his character; and for the kin- dred arts of the painter, the etcher and the engraver, he had an intelligent and glowing admiration. He collected the best productions of these arts and made his home ilelightful with the atmosphere of books and pictures and music and all the gentle arts. He was devoted to his home and domestic circle, and his lovalty to his friends was of that chivalric character that won their earnest and enthusiastic admiration." Another intimate friend writes of him: " \\c was the center of that grouj) of congenial men who set out together, when they and Chic.igo were young. They were all men more or less gifted and promising, and were given to thinking and saying, in after days, that the tone of tliiit little society was good. Looking back now we know that he hatl himself, unconsciously, contributeil to maintaining the gentleness and refinement of the little circle, which now is broken and scattered. But those who remain always speak of him with honor and affection. That which impressed them most, and had the most lasting influence upon those near him, was his singular purity. Other virtues of his are as familiar, to those who knew him well, as are the refined gentleness and genial sweetness of his bearing : but this, naturally, is known only to those who were his c-ompanions when young men. He had a robust, manly nature, with the sensitive modesty of a girl. When he was present, the talk and story were always kept within their proper license. He shrank from an indelicate allu.sion with visible pain, as from a blow. In this he stood above all the men whom I have ever known. He was truly pure in heart." The following resolution adopted by the Com- mercial Club of Chicago, at its meeting held at the Palmer House on the day of his decease: Whkreas, It has pleased an all-wise Providence to take from our midst and from the various scenes of his earthly use- fulness our esteemed associate, Edward S. Stickney, and Whkrkas. The high estimation in which he was held by all his associates, and their sorrow at his death, deniand a record in the minutes of this Club; therefore. Resolved, That in the death of Edward S. Stickney the Commercial Club has lost a wise counselor, a genial associate and a warm-hearted friend. Resolved, That in his death the city has lost an estimable citizen, high-mmded, honorable and conservative, intelligent, active and generous in his liberal and cheerful support of its religious, benevolent and literary institutions." The Chicago Historical Society, on April 21, 1880; at the first meeting after the death of Mr. Stickne)-, adojjteil the following: Resolved. That in the death of the late Edward S. Stickney the Chicago Historical Society has lost a valuable member, the cause of line arts a fostering patron ; music, a zealous supporter ; literature, a worthy and polished sympathizer ; the city of Chicago a valuable citizen, and Chicago at large an ornament. Resolved, That this declaration of our estimate of the de- ceased be entered u|xin our records, and that a copy of it be sent by our secretary to the widow of our late friend, with the expression of the cordial sympathy of our association with her in her bereavement. Such testimonials, from persons who knew the genuineness of his varied acliievenients and attain- ments, present a fine portraiture t)f the man in his 624 BIOGRAPinCAL DICTIOXARY A\D PORTRAIT GALLERY. ciitfercnt jihasL-s of character. He was a Ljood man and true, of whom his intimate friends and asso- ciates can speak no ill. At the time of his decease Mr. Stickney owned a large collection of rare books and engravings and etchings, to which he was making constant additions. Many of these ha\e since been pre- sented to the Chicago Art Institute, in which he was deeply interested. His collection of prints from the hands of Edelinck, Masson and Nantueil was especially fine ; and in these, as in other old rare works of art, he was a recognized connoisseur. His home was a veritable museum of art, with its library filled with the choicest volumes ; its walls hung with rare paintings; its portfolios filled witli costh' prints, and every nook and corner adorned with fine bronzes, rare pottery, anil ex- quisite specimens of the sculptor's chisel. Mr. Stickney identified himself with St. James' Episcopal church soon after coming to Chicago, and for twenty-five years was one of its most valued and devoted members. In 1869 he married Miss Elizabeth Hammond, daughter of Mr. .Andrew Woodbury Hammond, of Massachusetts, whose family is of Puritan de- scent and closely related to some of the most distinguished families of New England. In his business career, in his social life, in his domestic affairs, in all his \arie(_l relations, Mr. Stickney impressed all with whom he came in con- tact, with his high moral tone. He was a man of rare intellect and the strictest integrity ; broad and liberal in his views, he was ever ready to assist those who were less fortunate. His many deeds of philanthropy, not alone to individuals, but to worthy institutions, to which his talent and money were freely given, will long serve to perpetuate his memory. Few men had more devoted friends than he; none excelled him in unselfish devotion and unswerving fidelity. The name of Edward S. Stickney will always be prominently associated with the history of Chicago as one of the foremost promoters of its business, its moral and intellect- ual advancement. His life was one of unselfish devotion to noble principles, and the world is richer and better because he lived. PAUL O. STENSLAND, CHICAGO, ILL. TRADITION informs us, and learned archae- ologists confirm the statement, that a num- ber of bold and experienced Scandinavian seamen, led by Lief Erickson, visited this countr}- in the tenth century — four hundreil \ears before Colum- bus crossed the broad waters of the Atlantic, anil proclaimed to the inhabitantsof the old world the existence of a new continent. These hardy Norsemen were the ancestors of the race that at present inhabit the rugged soil of the Scamlina- vian peninsula, and which has gi\en to the wurld such men as (iusta\us Adolphus, the" Lion of the North," Karl Linne, better known b}- his Latin- ized name, Linniuus, and in our own day the cele- brated inventor of a new class of battle-ships, Ericsson. No race has done more, in proportion to its numbers, to build up and to delend this great western republic than the intelligent and indus- trious sons of the northern peninsula. Prominent among our public men is the subject of this sketch, Paul (). Stensland, who stands forth not only as a re[3rcscntative citizen -of this great conmionw ealth. but as the type of the pimul and ancient nationally from which he came, and as the embodiment of the energetic, ri'sourcetul and earnest character of his Scamlinasian country- men. I'aul (), Stensland was born in .Sandeid .Sta\- anger Amt, Noi-\\ a_\-, on the (^th d.i\- of Ma)-, 1 S47. He was the fifth son in a family of nine children. Young Stensland grew up in the healthful sur- roundings of farm life in his nati\e l.md. ,ind re- ceived his early elementary education in the schools of the district, lie must have made good use of his time at stuii\-, and have hail a great facult)- in acipiiring knowledge ; for at the earl_\- age of eighteen _\-ears we find him lea\ing the famih' home and faiin and tia\-eling to llindo- stan, in Peninsular Asia. In this new field Mr. Stensland labored with his characteristic energv and success. He imme- ■\; /- — ynni/ti^'^-t-t^^ fe^^-t-u^^^^S^i^^ ''Z-Cti-^^tiZ-t-t- <: KIOGRArillCAI. niCTIOXARV AM) PORTRAIT CALI.ERY. 627 \ I diatcly connected himself with the cotton ami wool industries of India, and became a large buyer. F"or almost six years he traveled extensivel)- through that country in the interest of his busi- ness. In the success which crowned his efforts, at that early age, in a land so exclusive and peculiar as Hindostan. we have a proof of the business in- stincts and foresight which market! Mr. .Stens- land's career. His residence in the East he made good use of. not only to transact business, but to accjuire knowledge and experience by travel. From Cape Comorin to the Himalayas, and from the Indus to the Hrammapootra he traveled, gaining a thorough knowledge of the customs of the people, and the physical features of the country. After a residence of five and a half years amongst the Hindoos he returned, in the fall of 1870, to his native land on a visit to his parents. His return was most timely, for his parents, who had been for some time in delicate health, were much pleased to see him, but unfortunately, during his short stay of three months, both died. This severe family bereavment, and the natural dispo- sition for venture which he possessed, i)r- the late mayor of this city. Hon. DeVVitt C. Cregier, who appointed him a member of a com- mittee in connection with I'red. \V. Peck, General Fitzsimmons and Washington Ilcsing, forthepur- pose of revising the charter of the city of Chi- cago. On the occasion of the resignation of Mr. James Scott, managing editor and part owner of the Chicago Herald, from the ])osition as director of the World's Columbian Exposition's, the va- cancy was filled by the election of Mr. Stensland to the position. He was re-elected director in .A.pril, 1892. This was a high compliment paid to him by his fellow-citizens, one to which lie was justly entitled as a representative man, and for the character of high business ability which he has earned. Veiy few of the many excellent and able men, who direct the work of this great national undertaking, will bring so much experience and varied knowledge to the discharge of their duties as will Director Stensland. To the knowledge of the people, the language and the geography of Asia, he adds an extensive travel through Africa and Europe ; but In- lias not contented himself with travel in the \- or tlescrve the smiles and sun- daughter is married to Dr. Karl .Sandberg, of this shine of a happ_\- home tlian Mr. Stensland, and city. JOHN HAMILCAR HOLLISTER, A.M., M.D. CHICAGO, ILL. TH I*"- eighth lineal descendant of John Hol- lister, who, coming from England, settled in Glastonbury, Connecticut, in 1642, is John Ham- ilcar Hollister, son of Mary (Chamberlain) and John Bently Hollister. Marked family charac- teristics are the result of the long line of Puritan and Revolutionary ancestry, combining strict conscientiousness, uprightness and integrity, with manliness, courageousness, and an unflinching de- votion to principle. To these Ur. Hollister is no stranger. He was born in Riga, New York, in 1824, where he lived but two years, his parents then removing to Romeo, Michigan, where the early part of his life was spent. In 1831 the father died, leaving the widow with three little children, of whom John, then seven years of age, was the oldest. Considering the times and its frontier position, exceptional advantages, both educational and so- cial, were offered by the town of Romeo. Its few inhabitants were largely younger members of old New England families, bringing with them into the new West a tknnand for refinement and culture. The children who canu' up vnulcr this inlluence were imbued with all that is best in American civilization. Having diligently availed himself of all the ad- vantages offered at home, the boy, at se\enteLMi, went to Rochester, New York, to ])Lnsue his studies and determine u])on his life work. Here he resided in the family of his uncle, George A. Hollister, a wealthy and influential citizen, while taking a full course in the Rochester Collegiate Institute. Deciding upon a professional career, he returned to Massachusetts, the home of his ancestors, and entered the Berkshire !\Iedical College, from which he gr.uluated in 1 S47. The mother and home were slill in l\(nne'o, and the West claimed the new-made doctor by ties not to be sundered. His first professional experience was gained at Otisco, Michigan, where he re- mained until 1849, when he remo\-ed with his family to Grand Rapids, Michigan, and where his brother Harvey, with w'hom he has always been closely associated, still resides. In this year he married Miss Jennette Windiate, to whose devo- tion, sym[)athy antl counsel much of his subse- quent success is due. After six happy and pros- perous years in Grand Rapids, the claims of Chi- cago for future greatness impressed the \-oung man, and a desire to be in the midst of such ad- vantages as would be offered, led him, in 1855. to locate with his wife and son in this city. From that time his life divides itself into three ilistinct channels: the man professional, the man [jhilan- ■ thropic, the man domestic. In his profession no man holds a higher or more respected position than Dr. Hollister. As one of the oldest and most successful general [)ractition- ers, he is w'idel\' and popularly known among the lait)-, while among his fellow physicians his career has been such as to merit their aihniration and esteem. In 1856, he was one of the founders of the Chicago Medical College, and since its organi- zation he has held the chairs of physiology, anatonu', j)athological anatomy and general patholog\'. .\side from this, he has occupied man\' positions of honor and trust: 1855, dem- onstrator of anatomy at Rush Medical College; 1863-4, surgeon to Merc\' Hospital; toi' twfiit)- years clinical professor to the same iiislilution ; attendant at Cook County Hospital, and one of tin- presidents of its staff; president of the Illi- nois .State Medical Society, and its treasurer for over twenty years; trustee of the American Med- ical Association for eioht \-ears, and editor of its ^^ ;^^ rtiocRArmcM. iuctioxarv .ixn j'oktr.ut (I.u./.f.kv. 631 journal for two years; member aiul president of the Chicago Medical Society, and charter member of the Academy of Sciences. These, with all the duties pertaining to a large practice, go to make up the professional career of Dr. Hollister. True, they are many and have been conscientiously per- formed, but they claimed but a portion of his time. Surrounded from childhood by all the influ- ences of a devout mother and a Christian home, his life has been one long consecration to his Mas- ter's work. The minister and the Christian physi- cian go side by side, lightening the load of sinful and sick humanity. The opportunities opening on ever\- side for a helping hand or an encourag- ing word in such a life are incalculable, and those who turned to Dr. Hollister for aid never came in vain. His sympathy, his counsel, his prayer was ever ready for the tempted and the afflicted. All his life has been devoted to Sunday-school work, sometimes as a teacher, or leader of young men, sometimes as superintendent, but always there. As superintendent he has served for many years at Tabernacle, Clinton, Plymouth and Armour missions. The Union Park Church grew out of a Sunday-school which he organized, and many weak and struggling churches owe their present life to his timely work and generosity. I-"or thir- ty years lu- has been a member of Plymouth Church, and for years one of its deacons. His positions in societies organized for Christian work are varied and numerous. He has been presi- dent of the V. M. C. .\.: presiilcnt <>f the Chi- cago Congregational Club: president of the Chi- cago Bible Society; vice-president of the Amer- ican Sunday-school Union; member of the Hoard of Guardians of the Reform School ; director of the Illinois Home Missionary Society, and active member of the Board of Commissioners of New West Commission. In his home life Dr. Hollister has always been most happy; surrounded by friends, endeared to a vast circle, he has held a position to be won onl)- by intelligence, culture, and manly integrity. His family is small. In 1S58 death claimed his only son, and in 1861, the only daughter. Later another little one came to gladden the household, who still survives: Helle, wife of \)\-. Franklin 11. Martin, of this city. We have among us many prosperous and suc- cessful men, but none whose lives offer to young men a more fruitful example of all that is up- right, noble and manly in life, than Dr. Hollister. JOHN P. WILSON, CHICA(;0, ILL. THE subject of this sketch is a specialist in corporation and real-estate law, and one of the most eminent attornex-s we ha\e in the eity of Chicago. He was born in Whiteside couiitw Illinois, July 3, 1844, his parents being Thomas and Margaret Wilson. He recei\'ed his early education in the neighboring schools, anil in 1865 was graduateil from Kno.K College, Galesburg, 111. He had decided to fit liimself for the legal ])ro- fession, and after two years, assiduous study was admitted to the bar at Chicago. His emi- nence and authorit)' on all matters of corporation and real-estate law led to his being retained as counsel, first by the Committee on Grounds and Buildings of the World's Columbian ICxposition, and subscc|uently for the corporation, while he is at present also the attorney for the Real Kstate Board. Among the numerous and more prominent mat- ters upon which Mr. Wilson has given his legal opinion and aiKice was the intricate and ex- Irenul)- i.-oni])liealeil question of the Lake Front, this, as its imjjortance warranted, being an ex- haustive and masterlj- report, and one which gave ample evidence of the author's profound knowl- edge of the case and the law in all its bearings. His opinion as to the power of the .South Park Commissioners to permit the use of the parks tor " exposition " purposes was further eviilence, were such needed, of his great legal ability, while his authority on constitutional law, and law relating to tax titles, revenue and real-estate law. is an ad- mitteil fact beyond dispute. Owning to the difficult constitutional question, invoKed, he was emjiloyed by Mayor Roche, on behalf of the city of Chicago, to draft the legisla- 632 lilOGRAI'HICAL DICTIOXARV AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. tion necessary to authorize the construction of an outlet for the sewage of the city througli the Illi- nois River. The bill drafted by him, with slight amendments, became a law, and under it the Sani- tary District of Chicago was organized. He was employed as special counsel by this sanitary dis- trict to represent it in the litigation in\-olving the constitutionalit}- and powers of the corpora- tion. In this litigation he was entirely success- ful in establishing the validity of the law creating the sanitary district, which had been the subject of great doubt and discussion both in the legis- lature and at the bar. He was also one of the counsel who successfully defended the con.stitu- tionality of the act creating the Probate Court of Cook County, in the Supreme Court of Illinois, after said court had declared tiic act invalid. The members of Mr. Wilson's firm are himself. N. G. Moore, Esq., and Mr. William B. Mcllvaine. In politics he is a Republican, but has never hung on the skirts of ofifice, believing rather in men and measures than in party to the exclusion of that which is beneficial to the people at large. He was married in April, 1871, to Miss Margaret C. Mcllvaine. The}- have five children. Mrs. Wil- son is of decided character and sterling worth. It is unnecessary to state anything further with respect to Mr. Wilson, for he is and has been so prominently connected w-ith so many of the prin- cipal and most important legal decisions and opinions that have arisen in Chicago from time to time, and is so well and favorably known and so generally esteemed and respecteil, that further comment or data seems out of place here. J. FOSTER RHODES, CHICAGO, ILL. THE subject of this sketch is one of Chicago's most enterprising citizens, who has done much to adorn this city with buildings whose arch- itectual merits arc of the highest order, and whose elegance and adabtability for the purposes they were erected, are universally recognized. He is a native of Pennsylvania, and was born in Brownsville, September 14, 1850. He is the son of the late Rev. Daniel and Elizabeth Rhodes. His father \\ as a Methodist Episcopal clergj'- man, and much esteemed by all who knew him. He died December 11, 1891, at the advanced age of eighty-four. The Rhodes family is of German descent and came originally from Frankfort-on-the Main, but for the past two hundred years its members have been prosperous and respected citi- zens of Maryland. Our subject was educated at St. Mary's Institute, at Dayton, Ohio. In 1868 he entered the banking house of Andrews, Bissell and Company, at Cincinnati, Ohio, and remained with that firm, holding the different positions — commencing as messenger and advancing from time to time until he had charge of the handling of all the cash of that great banking institution dur- ing the following si.x years. In 1874 he removed to Chicago, where he at once became connected witii the Hibernian Banking Associatinii, with which he remained four years, employing his spare time in studying in the Union College of Law. He afterward completed his studies in the law offices of Messrs. Small and Moore, and was admitted to the bar in 1877. He commenced the active practice of his profe.ssion at once, and con- tinued the same for six years, when he became in- terested in building and other enterprises. .Mr. Rhodes was one of the promotors of the Insur- ance E.xchange Building, on La Salle and Adams streets; the Traders' Building, on Pacific a\enue; the Rialto, adjoining the New Board of Iraile : the Commerce Building, on Pacific avenue: the beautiful and substantial fire-proof linlel, "The Lakota,'' corner of Thirtieth street ami Michi- gan a\'enue, now in course of constructicin. and many other office buiklings and fine a])artnient houses in Chicago. He was also one of the i)ro- moters of the American Hank Buikling in Kan- sas City ; the Commercial Buikling in -St. Louis, and other fire-proof structui-es in xarious dther cities. He has held numerous offices at different times in connection with various corporations, such as president and director ; and is at present (1892) director of the Northwestern Safe and Trust Comjiany ; the (.'hicago Deposit Wiult Company ; ^^^^^^^r"c>^-^0^-^^l ble in argument and winning as a rhetorician, character he combines those qualities of mintl aiul while his oratorj- to the jury is often eloquent, heart that render inin dcser\edl\' pn[)ular, and .dw.iys telling, and seldom fails to convince. In secure to him the w.uin friemNhii) and genuine personal a|)pearance he is tall and of command- esteem of , ill who know him. ALBERT FISH I'LL, CHICAc;o, ILL. IN IMowilz, liohemia, on June 13, 1844, a child was born to Leopold Fishell and Rebecca I-'isheli, m'c Gutwillig. That child was the sub- ject of this sketch. Leopold Fishell was a leading merchant, at one time mayor of his native city, and highly esteemed by his fellow-citizens. Young Fishell was educated in the I'ilsen " Real School," the Academy of Commerce in Prague, and also attended a series of lectures at the St. Charles University in that city. At the age of eighteen (in 1862), he began his business life as an employe in the manufacturing depart- ment of the large banking and manufacturing establishment of L. Forchheimer Sons. He remained there three years, and became manager of the manufacturing department. In 1865 he became manager of the oil works of Mr. A. I lartman, in the celebrated mining city of Kut- tenberg, Bohemia. A year later he determined to seek his fortune in the New World, and re- mcjved to the United States, where he soon accumulated money enough to begin business on his own account. Associating with himself a Mr. Loth, under the firm name of Fishell and Loth, he opened a general store at Pittsfield, Illinois. In 1870 he withdrew from mercantile life, and, associated with Judge Atkinson and others, organized the Bank of Pike County, of which he was elected cashier, which office he filled from June, 1870. when the bank was opened, until December, 1883, when it was compelled to make an assignment on account of an unwarranted run on the bank, caused by malicious reports. Mr. Fishell, to assure the depositors that as long as he had a dollar they woulil be paid iloUar for dollar, deeded his entire property to be held in trust by the assignee, the Hon. Jefferson ( )rr, now judge of the twelfth Judicial District, to jxiy the depositors in full should the assets of the bank fail to do so. After the assets of the bank had been in the hands of the assignee some four years, it was found that owing to the depreciation of securities, all the assets, and also all the property held in trust, would be consumed to pay the creditors, leaving Mr. Fishell nothing but his untarnished name and his acknowledged business ability. Facing the situation like a man, he took a posi- tion with the New York Life Insurance Company as general agent, at a salary of five thousand dollars per annum. In the meantime the affairs of the Bank of Pike County were being settleil, and after consuming all of the property left in trust by Mr. Fishell, there was still a shortage of several thousand dollars, which he paid out of his .salary. Thus, all depositors of the Pike County Bank were paid in full, with interest. The fol- lowing comments upon his manly action are copied from the public press: Quincy (111.) Whig, of January, 1888: ' We take pleasure in reproducing herewith a letter from the Hon. Albert F"ishell, published in the Pike County papers of this week. The letter is addressed to the assignee of the Bank of Pike County, which was compelled to ch)se its doors in 18S3. Mr. Fishell was cashier of the bank. 644 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. The affairs of the institution were yraduaily settled up, ami it was hoped that the property in the hands of tlie assignee would be more than sufficient to e\entiially meet liabilities and pre- vent loss to creditors. There remained, however, a deficiency; but Mr. Fishell determined that (Irillar for dollar should be paid. In the letter \\c (juote, he directs its attorney to meet every obligation for the full amount, and becomes per- sonally responsible therefor. This is a most honorable and praiseworthy ]Moceeding on the part of Mr. Fishell, and his friends in Quincy, where he is favorably known, will rejoice in the honor and courage which inspire him in his business methods and purposes. We commend the sentiments which he utters in his letter which follows: PiTTSKlELD, 111., January i8, iSiSlS. Hon. Jefferson Orr, Assignee Pike County Bank : My Dear Sir — When on the third day of December, 1883, the Bank of Pike County, of which I was cashier, by an unwarranted attack was forced to close its doors, I was determined that as long as I had any property the depositors should be paid one hundred cents on the dollar. 1 placed in your hands in trust, valuable properties, supposed then to be sufficient to pay whatever deficiency might arise, after applying the bank assets to the payment of its debts. You remember that the creditors and their attorneys met at your residence after the inspection, and that it was the judgment of all present, that at a fair cash valuation, after the deposi- tors had received dollar for dollar, there would still be a large surplus remaining. I am not surprised now, that after the matter has been closed out, there is still a deficiency, saying nothing of a surplus. In view of the financial depression and the scarcity of money between 1883 and 1886, and the utter impossibility of realizing upon any property at half its value, the result is not surprismg. But, sir. had it not been for your patient and wise course as assignee, and the valuable counsel you rendered the claim- ants, litigation would have ensued and endless lawsuits, the result of ill-considered advice. For this, not only myself, but the creditors of the bank, must remain under lasting obliga- tions to you. Notwithstanding my heavy and unexpected losses, I still cherish the same desire that depositors shall receive dollar for dollar. Agreeable to this I desire you to pay them a hundred cents on the dollar, and if you will advise me of the amount re(|uired, it shall be forthcoming at once. If kind Providence will favor me with good health, I may be ablo to forget the losses thus sustained. . F'aithfully yours. Al.iiiiR'r FisiiKi.i,. ^Missouri Republican. I-'cbruaiy /, iSS8.\ PiTTSFlELD, III., January 31, (Special). — The Bank of Pike County, which succumbed to hard times and an unex- pected run, made final settlement to-day, paying the de- positors in full. The liabilities were forty-nine thousand dollars. Mr. Fishell, who was c.isliier, and a stockholder in the bank, sacrificed his individual property to pay them. Tin: fi)ll(iwing letter e.xplains the niannei- in which Mr. Fishell's actions were ap])reciateil by his friends: 3026 Chesini't Strkk.t. St. Loiis, February 13. 1888. .)/;•. Albert Fishell, I'itlsjield. III.: Dear Friend and Brother — I wish I could grasp your strong, true hand with a firm and fraternal grip, and tell you in so many warm words welling from a brother's heart, wliat thus from the distance 1 can only put down black on white, in cold ink! "May the Eternal be with thee, thou man of integrity." In the world of insecurity and shifting, time- serving, selfishness, it does a person good to meet, one among a thousand, a man of solid principles and untarnished honor ! Yes, you enable the world to behold the incarnation of probity, and the age of •' combines and trusts" is for once put to shame by your noble example of rectitude and self- respect. May your dear wife and your darling children glory in the good name and fame of their honored husband and father, and enjoy at his side and under his guidance and protection, many, many years of unbroken happiness, peace and wealth. In this wish and congratulation of mine, joins also my dear wife, and with the glad anticipation of seeing you soon in our midst, 1 am as ever, Yours, (Signed) S. H. SONNENSCHElN. During Mr. Fishell's connection with the New- York Life Insurance Company he was forced to remain most of his tiinc in Chicago, where he became largely interested in real estate transac- tions, and in connection with some capitalists, he consummated some of the largest deals recorded in Chicago realt}-. At the cxjiiration ol his contract with the New York Life Insurance Company (1889) he became manager of the West- ern Department of the United States Credit System Company, which comprises eight States, and through Mr. Fishell's able management, has advanced from a very small beginning until it has become one of the strongest and largest guaran- tee companies in this couiitr}-. In April, 1 890, Mr. Fishell removed his family to Chicago, and, notwithstanding he had sacrificed all his propert>- interests to the creditors of the Pike County liank, he was enabled to take the members of his house- hold to their own handsome residence at 3448 Wabash avenue. Besides his interests in the United States Credit System Compan)-, he has large interests in Chicago real estate, the Atlas National Bank, and other enterprises. BIOGRAI'lllCAI. DICTIO.XARV AXD PORTRAIT CAr.I.ERY. 645 While a resident of Pittsfield. Mr. Fishell was very prominent in educational and literary matters. The I'ittsfield I'liblic Library was founded largely throutjh his e.xcrtions, ami for several years he was president of the Library, and also of the Hoard of Education. He was also County Commissioner, City Treasurer, and Treas- urer of the School Hoard at different times. In politics he has always been a Democrat, and has at various times represented his district in the sev- eral political conventions throughout the State. Religiously Mr. I-'isheil is a believer in Judaism, but in religion, as in politics, he is a radical re- former; he is now a member of Sinai Congrega- tion. Mr. I-"islieli was maile a Master ALason in 1870, in Pittsfield Lodge, No. 95. He is also a member of Union Chapter, No. 10; a member of Odd Fellows Lodge of Pittsfield, and charter member of the Pittsfield Lodge of United Workmen. He is also a member of the H'nai Hrith. On October 8, 1870, Mr. Fishell was married to Miss Annie Sicher, of .St. Louis. Mrs. Fishell is a member of a highly respected family of St. Louis, and her m.any womanly qualities have already made her as popular in Chicago as she was in her old home in Pittsfield. They have five children. KIkins Wasiiington, the oldest, is now in the manufacturing business in Chicago- the other .sons and daughters arc Daniel Webster, Leo K., Regina S., and Josephine D. Mr. Fishell's record throughout his entire ca- reer is thoroughly American, and his religious and political ideas are most liberal ; he believes implicitly in the great principles of American liberty, free thought and free speech. HON. IIIRAM BARBER, CHICAGO. ILL. HIRAM H.VRHLR was born in Oueensbury, Warren county. New York, March 24, 1835. The country around his birth-place is full of historical interest, having been the scene of many bloody battles during the colonial .struggle for independence. This country abounds in beautiful scenery, vividly described in Fenimore Cooper's tale of " The Last of the Mohicans." His father of our subject was Hiram Barber, who started in life as a merchant, but being am- bitious, read law and became judge of the Oyer and Terminer Court, and also associate judge of the Circuit Court of Warren county, New York. He served in this capacity fifteen years, and was distinguished for judicial perception and integrity. His wife, before her marriage, was Miss Salome Seeley, a lady of admirable qualities. In 1842, Judge Harber moved to Dodge county, Wisconsin, but his family did not follow till 1846. After leaving the district schools at the age of seventeen, Hiram studied three years at the Wis- consin University at Madison. To Mr. Harber is undoubtedly due the honor of being one of the first, if not the first, to suggest the need of a law prohibiting the sale of intoxi- cating liquors to minors, and also prohibit them from playing pool in bar-rooms and public places. At the commencement exercises of the Wiscon- sin University in December, 1854, when but nine- teen years of age, he delivered an oration in which he outlined the needs for such a law. The suggestion was treated by the Madison papers of that date as original, and as worthy of the con- sideration of practical philanthropists and legis- lators. To-day nearly every large city has an organization whose sole purpose is to see that this law, which is now found on the statutes of nearly, if not all of the States of the Union, is properly enforced. His only clas.s-mate during 1852 was William F. Vilas, now United States Senator from Wisconsin. Upon leaving this university he attended a course of lectures in the law school at Albany, New York, and in the spring of 1856 was ad- mitted to the bar, when just of age. Returning to Wisconsin he settled at Juneau, and formed a law partnership with Mr. Charles Hillinghurst, congressman from the Third Con- gressional District of Wisconsin. He afterwards went to Watertown, where he was associated with Colonel Charles R. Gill, formerly attorney-general of Wisconsin. In i866 he removed to Chicago 646 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY A.\D PORTRAIT GALLERY. and formed a partnership witli the late Edmund Jussen, under the firm name of Jussen and Wax- ber. Upon Mr. Jussen's appointment as Colleetor of Internal Revenue in 1869, Mr. Barber became associated with Mr. F"rancis Lackner, under tlie style of Barber and Lackner. This partnership lasted until 187S. when Mr. Barber was elected to Congress from the Third District, on the Republican ticket. He first took his seat at the extra session convened by Presi- dent Hayes in March, 1879. While in Congress he secured the passage of a bill appropriating fifteen thousand dollars for building a harbor at Waukegan, Illinois. His sterling honesty was shown by the fact that he continually opposed the free listing of articles of trade by the Democrats working in the interests of private parties. He had to contend against a strong pressure brought to bear by the newspapers and lobbyists, but it is to be mentioned that he was then, as he is to-da\-, an advocate of the revision of the tariff as a whole, but opposed to its manipulation for the ad\'antage of indi- viduals. Upon leaving Congress he was Receiver of the Land Office at Mitchell, Dakota, four years. Re- turning to Chicago he formed a partnership with Mr. Theodore Brentano. Since Mr. Brentano's elevation to the Superior Court bench of Cook county, Mr. Barber has practiced alone. Among the recent trials of public interest in which lie has been engaged, is that of John Culver vs. the Ciiicago Herald, in a suit for slander, the damages being placed at twenty-five thousand dollars. As a lawyer, he is distingui.shed for clearness and comprehensiveness of statement and logic in argument, preferring to solve a legal prob- lem by argumentative reasoning, rather than by a mass of mere authorities, though he is exceed- ingly patient and diligent in research. lie is quiet in his demeanor and an indefatigable worker. He has a large German clientage, being a fluent speaker in that language, and his practice em- braces all branches of jurisprudence. He has at- tained eminence and success b\- his o\\\\ nati\e ability and indomitable energy. He is a member of the Chicago Consistory. Washington Chapter, and a Knight Temj^lar. He married in 1S57 Miss Louisa MclM\an, youngest daughter of General James McLwan, of Chester, Wisconsin, and has two sons and two daughters. He is of a genial temperament, affable and courteous, and a man respected b\- all who know him for his unsullied record antl lionest lile. Domestic in his tastes, he is hap])iest by his fireside, though a welcome guest among all his friends, being a most interesting and well-reatl conversationalist, and thoroughly informed upon all the topics of the day. In fine, he is one of the oldest members of the Chicago bar, commanding the respect of his pro- fessional confreres and the confidence and trust of all wiin come in contact with him. FREDERICK WACKER, CHICAGO, ILL. FRlCDFwRICK WACKER was born in Unter- breweries of Germany and .\iistria, excelling jesingen, near Tiibingen, W'iirtembcrg. exerxwhcrr \i\ his ability antl faithfulness, and (iermany, September 30, 1830. His father, a tinally became, while yet a Noutli of not quite physician, desired he should enter the medical pro- twent_\--iine years, head brewer in one of the fession, but his inclinations were so strongly in largest breweries of .\ugsburg, where!)}- a good favor of the brewing business, that he was ap- salary and a successful future became assureil to prcnticed to the " Little Inn of Weilheim," a him. brewery with a restaurant attached, made famous by the students of Tiibingen. After completing his apprenticeship, he, as journeyman brewer, entered upon the customar)- travels that were required by law, and worked in several great The libert\-lii\ing youth became dissatisfied, however, with the jjolitical conditions then exist- ing in Germany, and determined to immigrate to the United States, which he did in 185 1. After a lone .uul tedious \-ovage in a sailing vessel, he BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. 647 landed in New York. lie then journeyed to Newark, New Jersey, where he remained a short time, locating finally in Klmira. New York. Ik- earned his first money in the United States by cutting wood on a farm, but he soon secured a position in Elmira, better suited to his acquire- ments. There, in 1S52, he married Marie W'eisschuh, who died shortly after. The monotonous and quiet life in Elmira was unsuited to his active disposition, and hearing of the energy, progressive spirit and phenomenal growth of the west, he was induced in 1854 to remove to Chicago. Mr. Wacker was one of the originators of the only then prominent German singing societies, under the direction of Carl Schuert, and of the old •• Sharpshooters' Association," years before it was deemed desirable to incorporate the organization. Upon sand-hills covered with bushy undergrowth, to the north of the cemetery, now no longer in exi.stence, they frequently held festivals upon the verj- spot now occupied by Lincoln Park. " Ger- mania " and " Mithra " lodges, and other societies in later years, likewise counted him among their members. He was also one of the oldest mem- bers of the Board of Trade. On the 30th of September, 1855, he married Catherina Hummel, who, on the 29th of August, 1856, presented him with their only child, Charles H. Their happy union continued for twenty-nine years. Nothing was prized more highly by him than the peaceful, simple life of the family circle. His whole being was devoted to his family, and he spared no pains to completely guard their future against any reverses. To his son he gave ever>' opportunity to gain a thorough education in good schools, as well as by travels in America. Europe and Africa, of which advantages young Wacker made most excellent use. Mr. Wacker was at all times ready to contribute his mite toward enterprises calculated to promote the public good, and many needy persons have ex- perienced his kindness and generosity. The do- nations made to Uhlich's Orphan Asylum. German Hospital, Old People's and Alcxian Brothers' Hospitals, amounting to twenty-five thousand dollars, speak for themselves. His activity from 1854 until his death in 1884. was remarkable. During his first years in Chicago he was engaged in various occupations, such as inn-keeper, farmer, and general produce merchant, but his predilec- tion for the brewing business induced him soon to accept a position in Lill and Diversey's ale brewery. He was engaged as foreman by the predecessor of Mr. Rodemeyer, and later by Louis Rodemeyer himself. In 1857 he bought Blattner's share in Blattner and Seidenschwanz's brewery (on Hillsdale street) between Rush and Pine streets, and in the spring of 1S5S they removed to Franklin street, near Asylum place, now Webster avenue. Here Mr. Wacker's business ability was severely tested, for with no financial means at his com- mand, embarrased by the greatest stringency of the money market the United States has ever known, he nevertheless succeeded in raising the business to an eminent height. After having pur- chased the interest of C. Seidenschwanz, he had the misfortune, in 1867, to see this thriving and prosperous business, reared by years of hard labor, devoured by flames. His health had now become very much im- paired by overwork, and he finally yielded to the advise of his physicians and the entreaties of his family, and determined not to rebuild, but to make a trip to Germany, to seek relief and much- needed rest. In the following year (1869) he made a second trip to Europe, and returned some- what improved. But his disease, a chronic ailment of the stomach, to which he finally suc- cumbed, would not fully yield to the most skill- ful treatment to be found in this country or Europe. But he could not remain idle very long. With Mr. L. J. Kadish he erected a small malt house at the foot of Elm street ; but soon the increasing demands of the business necessitated the purchase of the building at the corner of Clybourn place and South Park avenue, where the business was conducted on a much enlarged scale. Mr. Jacob Rehm purchased the interest of Mr. Kadish, the firm becoming V. Wacker and Com- pany, and so continuing until the business was incorporated under the name of the North- western Malting Company. The business in- creased yearly, and in 1875, when Mr. Wacker, physically worn out, was compelled to retire from the business, it had, under his management, become one of the largest malt houses in Chicago. The greater part of 1875 was spent in traveling 648 BIOGRAnriCAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. in this country, and all of tlie succeeding years until the fall of 1879, were spent traveling in Europe by Mr. Wacker with his family, in search of health. His condition im])roved later through the skill of Ober-Medicenalrath Dr. Von Giirtner, of Stuttgart, and the wonderful properties of the Karlsbad waters, and the unremitting care of his devoted wile. After returning to Chicago, Mr. Wacker soon fountl that he could not rest content unless ac- ti\eh- engaged, and this feeling of unrest led to the purchase of t!ie old Burton Malt House, at the corner of Jefferson and Indiana streets, in the following spring. He made a fourth trip to Karlsbad in the fall of 1880, but returned in time to superintend the affairs of Messrs. F. Wacker and Son. The business of this firm increased rapidly, and a large elevator was built in 1881. In the following year Mr. Jacob Birk was admitted to the business, and the Wacker and Birk Brewing and Malting Company was organized. with Mr. F. Wacker as president. The extra- ordinary success of this ciimpan\- under his management is well known. However, Mr. Wacker was not long permitted to enjoy his last success — his last illness confining him to liis bed in 1884. By his courage and will-power he hail cim- quered great misfortunes, had borne with forti- tude the most excruciating jKiin, but when in tin month of April, 1884, he lost his beloved wife, who had for many years been his constant com- panion through adversity and prosperity, his cup of sorrow and of bitterness was, indeed, filled to o\-erflowing. From day to day he became weaker, until he finally passed away on July 8, 1884, deeply mourned by his son, relatives and friends. Thus terminated the life of a man who, by scrupulous honesty, indomitable energy and general ability, gained the esteem of all who knew him. He was trulv a self-made man. CHARLES H. WACKER, CHICAGO, ILL. THE selection of Charles H. Wacker from the twelve hundred thousand inhabitants of the city of Chicago as one of the forty-five citi- zens who constitute the Board of Directors of the World's Columbian Exposition, the greatest and mcst cherished enterprise of this marvelous metropolis, is in itself a sufficient testimonial to his integrity, business ability and worth. That he should have achieved such honor and distinc- tion among his fellow-men at the early age of thirty-five years demonstrates what may be ac- complished by well-directed ambition, when sup- ported by intelligent industry, perseverance and the cultivation of a frank and open bearing in all business and social relations. The credit for Mr. Wacker's success is due not alone to his efforts, but also to the sterling cjuali- ties of his parents, Frederick and Catherina Wacker, iice Hummel, who fully realized that the position in life of their only chikl must be de- termined by the thoroughness of his early train- ing and equipment, l^orn on August 29, 1856, he was from infancy taught to be self-reliant, in- dustrious and courteous to his associates. His rudimentary education was received in the pid^lic schools of this city, the North Division High School and the Lake Forest Academy. His first acquaintance with practical life was in the office of the commission firm of Carl C. Moeller & Com- pany, and although he began at the beginning, within a few years he had advanced from office boy to a position of trust and confidence. In 1876 his father sent him on a three years" tour around the world. First of all, as a loyal Amer- ican boy, he saw this broad republic of ours in all her grandeur of scenery, visited the International Exposition at Philadelphia, sailed to the old country in order to acquire that polish of manners that refinement of intellect and that broad-gavige spirit, which travel and study in Europe, wlun rightly enjoyed, never fail to impart to the jilastic mind of a young man. Across the water he attended a commercial college, the noted Conservatory of Music in Stuttgart, and a course of lectures in the Uni- versity of Geneva, .Switzerland, and while llu-re I 1 nrOGRAFHICAI. DICTIONARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. 651 became a mcinbor of a resident I'Vencii family in order to pursue, in a more practical manner, his study of the French language. After visiting the ensuing World's Fair of Paris in 1878, lie made tlie tour of the other countries of Europe — Germany, Holland, Helgium, Switzerland, England, Austria and Italy. In the latter country his natural artistic instincts received proper direction, and gained a stronger impetus by a careful survey antl comparison of the excellent features in works of art. The winter of 1878 he spent in Egypt, and viewed the pyramids, the sphinx and other vestiges of early Pharaohic power. After his return home he at once plunged into business, and re-entered the office of Carl C. Moeller. where he remained until 1880. In that year he joined his father in establishing the malt- ing firm of F. Wacker & Son, which continued until 1882, when the Wacker & Birk Brewing Company was organized, with his father as presi- dent. InM884 he met with his first severe blow in the loss, by death, in rapid succession, of both his mother and his father. Shortly after the death of his father Mr. Wacker was elected president and treasurer of the Wacker & Birk Brewing Company, and in that capacity managed the affairs of the vast concern so well and wisely, and brought it to such an un- expected degree of prosperity, that in 1889 the at- tention of British capitalists was directed to the plant, and the same was sold to an English com- pany, but in such manner as to leave the former office and managing staff in control. Since the purchase, the brewery has extended its sphere of action and increased in value — a fact principally due to the energy and ability of Mr. Wacker. Outside of the present brewing enterprise Mr. Wacker is interested in many other fields of busi- ness. He is a director f)f the Corn Exchange Bank, a member of the executive committee of the Chicago Breweries, limited, a director of the Wright and Hill's Linseed Oil Works; president of the Chicago Heights Land Association; direct- or of the Chicago Title and Trust Company; director in the Western Stone Company: treas- urer of the new German (Opera House Comjiany ; a large stockholder in the Auditorium enterprise, ami a director in the London and Chicago Con- tract Corporation. He is a member of the Chi- cago Board of Trade, of the .Stuck Exchange, and holds ap[)ointments on three of the import- ant committees of the Board of Directors of the World's Columbian Exposition, to wit: On Ways and Means, on Music and Ceremonies, Foreign Affairs, and on Electrical I-lxhibits. He was president of the State Liquor Dealers' Protective Association for four consecutive terms. Thus it will be seen that Mr. Wacker, especial- ly for a young man not yet in the zenith of life, and w itli so many older and more experienced men abundantly present in a city of so vast a population as Chicago, is continuously engaged in the management of a number of large and im- portant local ventures of different descriptions re- (juiring the display of great versatility of busi- ness talent. But, nevertheless, he has found am- ple time to cultivate and enjoy the pleasures of social and domestic life. He wedded, on May 10, 1887, Miss Tillie Glade, the daughter of H. O. Glade, one of Chicago's old and respected citi- zens, anil their union has been blessed by three children, two of whom, boys, Frederick and Charles H., survive. Mr. Wacker is perhaps even more prominently known in social than he is in business circles, wluM'e his sunny disposition and kindly sympath\- has made him a universal fa- vorite. He is a well-known and appreciated member of the Union League, the Iroquois, Sun- set, Bankers', Goodfellowship, Athletic, and the L^nion clubs ; director of the German Old Peo- ple's Home, and a member of the Orpheus, Senne- felder, Suabian, and other German singing socie- ties. And in musical circles he is esteemed not alone as an amateur of some proficiency, but as a connoisseur, and is one of the public spirited Chicagoans who executet! the guaranty that induced the great orchestra leader, Theodore Thomas, to remove his permanent residence from New \ork to this cit}-. In ail matters pertaining to art he is well versed, and besides enriching his home with numerous rare works of art collected by him from both hemispheres, has manifested tleep interest in the Art Institute uf this city. It is particularl)- in German-American circles of this city, however, that Mr. Wacker is most thor- oughly appreciated. He is vice-president of the Germania Mx-nnerchor, the leading German- American social organization in Chicago, and is a prominent meinber of the Chicago Turn- (iemeinde, the foremost athletic club of the citj-. 652 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. Following the practice and teachings of iiis pa- rents, Mr. Wacker has not only jealously guarded and fulfilled the numerous charitable bequests made by his father, but has added thereto with a broad-minded liberality, without regard to national or sectarian bounds. Politically, Mr. Wacker is a faithful follower of Jeffersonian doctrine, and an ardent admirer of Gro\'er Cleveland ; and his generous donations in recent campaigns afford ample evidence of his party affiliations. An incident showing how highh- he is esteemed by his party and b\- the community at large occurred in 1888, when he was named by acclamation in the Democratic State Convention for the office of State Treas- urer, the second highest gift in the power of the people of this State to bestow. At that time Mr. Wacker w^as but thirty-two, and it is claimed that he was the youngest man ever nominated in this State for that high office. Mr. Wacker, how- ever, declined the honor proffered him, as he has likewise refused several other city and county nominations, owing to the fact that his extensive and varied business interests preclude the idea of political services. ' In conclusion, it may be said Mr. Wacker, while yet a very young man, occupies an enviable posi- tion in the business and social life of the West, and his many natural gifts and acquirements will undoubtedly win for him other and higher posi- tions of honor and trust ; and in a gala.xy of men of local note he must be assigned a place of high prominence, as a man of extraordinary worth to our "-rowin" and eneriretic commonwealth. JOSEPH WATRY, M.D. CHICAGO, ILL. JOSEPH WATRV is the son of J. P. Watry and Susan (Wolf) Watry, of Ozaukee county, Wisconsin, who were married in 1842, in Bel- gium. His paternal ancestors were Belgians for several generations. His father immigrated to the United States in 1844, and was one of the first settlers in Ozaukee county. His maternal ancestry were from the Grand Duchy of Luxum- burg. Up to the time of his death, wliicli oc- curred a few years ago, J. P. Watry had clone a great deal of the pioneer work in developing Ozaukee county, Wisconsin, and at his death had a handsome competence, the reward for his unre- mitting toil. Our subject has two brothers and three sisters living. Mr. N. Watr)-, a brother, owns ami con- ducts an e.xtensi\e optical institute on Randolph street, Chicago — it is one of the largest of its kind in the Northwest ; another brother is a successful dealer in agricultural implements in Wisconsin. The sisters are all married and doing well. Joseph was born October 18, i860, his early education was obtained in the common schools of Wiscon- sin. He next attended St. John's Universitv, Stearns county, Minnesota, where he spent three years. By earnest, close application to stud\- he grailuated with high honor from the literary tle- partmcnt of this College, but he did not rest con- tent with these honors — his mark was high, an ambition to master the languages prompted him to go abroad to pursue his studies. Three years were spent in Belgium and France studying the languages, and preparing to enter the medical profession. Few nati\e Americans spend as much time and patient study to prepare for a profes- sional education as did he. In 1880, he matricu- lated at Hahnemann Medical College, Chicago, and at the conclusion of a three years" course was graduated, receiving the degree of M.D. The first year of his professional career was spent in general practice, in which he was very success- ful, but his inclination was to excel as an oculist antl aurist. After spending six months in New York city, at the various eye and ear institutions, he went abroad to continue his studies in the hospitals of Vienna and Berlin. His investiga- tions were more particularly confined to the pathology of the eye and ear, nose and throat. Returning to Chicago, he has built up a large and lucrative practice. That his attainments ha\-e, in some degree, been recognized, is shown by the honors that ha\e been conferreil upon him. Dr. Watr\- is clinical professor of otologs' and ophthalmolngy BIOGRArmCAI. IVCTIOXAKY AXD PORTRAIT CALLERY. 655 in the Hahnemann Medical College. lie is at- temiing oculist and aurist to the Hahnemann Medical Hospital, and, in association with Dr. Vilas, lias charge of the eye and ear clinic. He is a member of the Honneopathic Medical Socie- ty of Chicago, a member of the National Insti- tute of Homoeopathy, and of tiic State Homcieo- pathic Medical Societw He is consulting oculist at theOjitical Institute, No. 99 E. Randolph street. "Dr. \\'atr\- is a man of few words antl ([uiet ilemeanor; he proceeds cautiously and under- stanilingly: he is particularly practical, thorough, and a \cry successful clinical teacher, anil has brought with him the thoroujjh methods of the old school on the continent. He usuallj' sa)'s what he means, and is a great .^avorite with all earnest students. As an operator he is dextrous, skillful, confident and successful, and ]Kirticularly well informed in all the modern methods." The above is from an eminent practitioner, a distinguished writer ami teacher in Hahnemann Medical College. In addition to his accomplishments as a prac- titioner, Dr. W'.itry s[)eaks. with fluency, German, French and luiglish, and has a fair knowledge of Latin and Greek, h'or man)- years he has been a frequent c^>--"^.^^^§— BIOGRAPHICAI. DICTIOXAKV .IXP I'ORTRMT CM.I.ERY. 659 The destruction of many of his buildini^s by the- Chica poktrait cali.i.rv. 667 assisted and rendered aid to aiul used his voice in favor of the federal cause. Me has been fre([uently connected with hu\i;e financial operations, and his judgment and advice is readily listened to by financiers and statesmen in tlifferent parts of the country; and those who nia\- recall the condition of the gold market of tlu- L'nited States, and the bonds of the government, in 1873, and especially those who arc familiar with the press of the large cities of the country at that time, will readily remember the scheme or plan and advice of Mr. Silverman in reference to the resumption of specie payment and the issue of Government bonds. When in Washington, in 1873, 'i<^ li^d =1 conference with General Logan, Ifon. John Sherman and other prominent poli- ticians and statesmen, and imparted t(j them valuable suggestions which were embraceti in the ])lan subsequently put into operation for the resumption of specie payinent. In 1S71. when the great fire of Chicago produced such disastrous and appalling efTects, causing an enormous loss to Mr. Silverman, and the destruction of many and valuable buildings and other property belonging to him, he was instrumental in assisting and helping many poor and deserving people. lining his own home on C'.iluniet avenue near Twenty-second street, witii the ilestitute ami homeless, and erecting for others temporar)' structures for their protection and comfort ; also jjurchasing at that time large amounts of flour .uul other food products, gratuitously distributing the same among the needy and homeless. Mr. Silverman has been a thorough antl com- pletely successful business man, establishing a bank many years ago, which has become known not only throughout the large commercial centers of tile United States, hut in I'.uropc, .ind "Silver- man's l^ank " is a financial institution of Chicago of which e\-cry citizen may well be proud, antl is a just and proper monument, made by himself, to his energy, perseverance and honest dealing. He was married in Louisville, Kentucky, April I J, 1859. to Miss Hannah Sachs, daughter of lienjamin Sachs, merchant of that place, and they have had born to them four children, of whom only one is living, namely, Shalah, a daughter, born in 1877. Notwithstanding an active and unab.sorbingly busy life, in the cpiiet and peace of a i)leasant domestic circle, Mr. Silverman is the loving hus- band and father, and always the kind friend. BENJAMIN REYNOLDS DE YOUNG, CHICAGO, ILL. MAJOR H. R. DE YOUNG, who is one of the substantial citizens of Chicago, belongs to the vast army of intelligent, persevering and courageous people, who have come from the East to build up new industrial empires on the broad plains of the West. He is naturally public spir- ited, and all movements of a public character, tending to promote the welfare of the city of his adoption, have universally received his counte- nance and assistance. He -is self-made, and his record is one of which any man might well be proud. Mr. He \'oung was born in New \'ork city, August 18, 1843, and is the son of lienjamin and Emilie (W^arwick) De Young. When about a year old the family moved to Philadelphia, where Mr. Ue Young received a common-school education, and when old enough. learned the printing business, at which he worked until the war broke out. Though only eighteen years old, he became inspired with the patriotic spirit, and enlisted in the One Hundred and Fourteenth Pennsylvania Volunteers. He proved himself a good soldier, and was soon promoted to a captaincy. At the battle of Chancellorsville. he went into the fight with se\en hundretl and fifty men and came out with one hundred ,iiid fift\-; and at Gettysburg he led four hundred men into the fray, but only eighty-one came out with iiim. He ])articipated in many other battles, re- maining in the service until the clo.se of the war. In 1865 Mr. De Young came to Chicago, and re- maineil until 1870, when he was appointed quar- termaster in the United States army, and assumed the important duties of that ofiice at Pembina. Dakota, where he remained one year. He then 668 RIOCRAPIIICAL DJCTIO.X.IRV AXn PORTRAIT (iALLERV. returned to Chicago, and for a number of years was connected with various insurance companies — life, fire and iiccident. In 1879 he entered the real-estate business, in which he is still engaged, representing large eastern capital, and enjoying the confidence and respect of the entire business community. He is a prominent member of the Real-Estate Board, and one whose judgment is re- garded as authorit}- im \-alues in this great city. In 1877 Mr. De \'oung was instrumental in the organization of what is known as the Sixth Regiment of National (iuards, raised the first company of the regiment that participated in the memorable riots of 1877; was elected its captain, and afterwanls elected major of the regiment. During the first organization of the World's Columbian Exposition. Mr. De \'oung was se- lected as a member of the Finance Committee, and for a time rendered in\aluable services on the sub-finance committee in classifying, equal- izing and increasing subscriptions to the fund. In politics Mr. De Young has always been identified with the Republican party. In 1866 he was elected assessor of the Soutli Town, and gave general satisfaction, so much so that he was elected to this office for four consecutive terms. Mr. De Young is connected with all the army associations of the city. He is a member of the Union League, of the Indiana Club, a social or- ganization, and of the Chicago Hussars. In 1872 Mr. De Young was married to Miss Elizabeth Farron, of Philadelphia, and they have one interesting daughter, fifteen years old. Mr. De Young is affable in manner, and can be approached by the workiiigman as readily as bj- the millionaire. He is genial and generous, and by strict integrity in business methods has placed the firm of B. R. De Young and Company in the foremost ranks of the real-estate firms of Chicago. GEORGE THOMAS SMITH, CHICAGO, ILL. GEORGE THOMAS SMITH was born at Providence, Rhode Island, on May 10, 1849, the eldest of a family of two sons and three daughters, two of whom died in childhood. Fred. W., the youngest son, was for ten years a mem- ber of the firm of H. G. Gaylord and Company, of the Chicago Board of Trade. Our subject's parents are Thomas P. and Dorothy (Ingalls) Smith. His maternal grandfather. Judge Lem- uel Ingalls, was a member of the Connecticut legislature for forty sessions. When George was eight years old his father settled in Lockport, Illinois, with his family, and in 1865 removed to Chicago, where, for twenty years, he was well known on the Board of Trade as a member of the old highly respected firm of Trego and Smith. Young Smith received his early education in the public schools of Lockport, and afterwards at Eastman's Business College, Poughkeepsie, New York. The ability and application of the young student was such that he was able in 1865, at the age of sixteen, to become book-keeper and gen- eral clerk in the ofifice of Messrs. Spruance, Pres- ton and Company, a prominent firm at that time. He remained with the firm eight years, and ])art of that time did their trading on the Board. When twenty-four years of age. Mr. Smith went into the brokerage business on his own account, and after two years formed a partnership with Mr. Henry G. Gaylord, under the firm name of Smith and Gaylord. The partnership lasted two years, and since that time he has conducted his business in his own name with marked ability and acknowledged success. As showing the esti- mation in which Mr. Smith is held, it is proper to state that, in 1878 and 1879, ^''^ ^^'^s appointed a member of the Arbitration Committee of the Board of Trade, and in 1880 and 1881 he was placed on the Committee of Appeals; was made second vice-president -in 1884, and the following year first vice-president. In 1886, and again in 1 89 1, strong efforts were made to induce him to accept the presidency of the Board, but he de- clined the honor because his other large business interests not only claimed his attention, but necessitated his frequent absence from the city. Mr. Smith is not only a prominent member of the Board of Tnulc, but is a director in the Dia- CL I HiouiiAriiicAL nicrioxARV A.\n ronrKAir cali.eky. 671 moiid Matcli Company; a director of the Na- tional Railway Company, which controls five lines of street railway in St. Louis. He has also large real-estate interests, and is connected with some of the largest financial houses of Chicago. Hut while he is a thorough business man, Mr. Smith has found time for extensive travels, and in this way given a wide range to his large fund of useful knowledge. lie has visited not only every part of this continent, and China, J<\pan and the Indies, but he has also traveled up the Nile and through Palestine, and completed the circuit of the globe by visiting the principal countries of Europe. In this long journey he was accompanied by his charming and accom- plished wife. Mr. Smith married Miss Frances Gaylord, daughter of Mr. (ieorge Gaylord, a merchant and prominent citizen of Lockport, Illinois, in Jan- uary, 1875. Two cliildren have been born to them: Stephen G., who was born September 12, 1878, and died January 24, 1879, '^"'^ .A.nnie Dor- othy, born May 14, 1883, and who died at Nas- sau, N. P. (one of the Bahama Islands), February 8, 1889. Mr. .Smith is a Republican, but takes no part in politics other than to perform his duties as a good citi/.en. lie is a man of liber.d and pro- gressive ideas. In religious matters, lie was rearetl in the faith of the Universalist Church. He attends tlic I'eo[)le's Church, under charge of Ur. 11. W. Thomas, and wiiile steadfast in his own princi- jilcs, he is tolerant and charitable to all. lie is a man of domestic tastes, who loves his home and enjoys the sunshine of its happy surroundings ; although a member of the Chicago and Washing- ton Park clubs, the happiest hours of liis life arc s])ent in his home on Grand boulevard, in the companionship of his amiable wife, whom it is iiis constant endeavor to surround with every com- fort and lu.xury. One of the great pleasures of Mr. Smith's lite is to steal a few days frequently from the cares and an.xieties of business and visit the old farm in Connecticut, where his ancestors settled in 1720, now occupied by his grandmother, wlio still lives in the enjoyment of a peaceful old age. Although a young man, Mr. Smith is very prominent among the business men of Chicago. His kindly natvire and genial disposition , have won for him many friends, among whom his ex- tensive travel, wide knowledge, and fine conversa- tional powers render him a welcome guest. ALLAN PINKERTON, CHICAGO, ILL. LIKE many o{ Chicago's most notable men, -• Allan Pinkerton was of humble birth. He was a native of Glasgow, Scotland, born August 25, 1819, in Muirhead street, Ruglen Loan. His father, William Pinkerton, was a police sergeant, and his premature death was caused by injuries received in the line of duty, while arresting a prisoner. To support the family, Allan, at the age of nine years, obtained work with a print- maker, Neil Murphy, for several years. Then, with John McCauley, he learned the cooper's trade. Early imbued with the sentiments of re- form for the betterment of the common people, he became identified with the " People's Charter" movement. The government considered it revo- lutionary-, and to crush it arrested and transported some of the leaders. Young Pinkerton concluded to choose the country lie would go to. So in 1842 he married Miss Joan Carfrae, and with her. the next day, sailed for the United States. The voyage was perilous : the vessel was wrecked and the passengers were picked up by a passing vessel and landed at Quebec. Undaunted by their mi.s- fortunes, the brave couple reached Chicago via the lakes. There Mr. George Anderson, a mer- chant, kindly helped the .stranger to get work at his trade, with a Mr. Lill. Though wages were small, they sustained the ]3air for a while. Removing to Dundee, Kane county, he openeil a cooper's shop on his own account, and met with marked success. An incident, or providence, un- expectedly revealed to him and the jHiblic his special fitness for the peculi.ir \\<.>.-k which maile him famous. 672 BIOGRAI'IIICAL DICTIOXARY A.\D PORTRAIT i.ALLERY. Wliilc on an island in Fox river i)rocnrin^- stock for coo])crai;c, lu: discoAcrcd tlic retreat and head- quarters of a band of counterfeiters, lie deter- mined to investigate their operations, and did so effectually, securing the arrest and conviction of John Craig, the leader, and his associates. This led to his appointment as deputy sheriff for Kane county. Numerous bands of horse thieves and counterfeiters were captured by him, and the county essentially rid of them. William L. Church, sheriff of Cook county, learning of him, .secured his acceptance of the position of deputy sheriff for Cook county. He continued in the same relation under Sheriff C. P. Bradley. Mayor Levi D. Boone (1855), recognizing Mr. Pinkerton's extraordinary fitne.ss for the special service, appointed him a detective of the city force ; that was the beginning of this department. In 1852, Mr. Pinkerton, with Attorney Edward L. Rucker, founded the " Pinkerton Detective Agency." That was the first institution of the kind in the United States, and still leads in supplementing the more difficult labors of officers of tlie law. At first, only four ox five men were employed. Of the.se, George H. Bangs subse- c]uently became superintendent, and remained until Mr. Pinkerton's death in 1884. Also Timothy Webster, who, while on duty, was exe- cuted at Richmond, Virginia, as a Union spy. To meet the increasing demands, Mr. Pinker- ton, in i860, added a corps of night watchmen. The first captains were Paul H. Dennis and James Fitzgerald. With the increase of his business, his reputation reached the leading cities east, west and south, and the institution became national. Man_\- cases of uni\-ersal interest were turned over to him. Among these were the robbery of the Adams Express Company at Montgomery, Alabama, by its agent, Nathan Maroney. Mr. Pinkerton traced the stolen money, some forty thousand dollars, to New Jersey, and the most of it was recovered in the original packages from the cellar of a frame house, and the thieves arrested. A beautiful engrossed testimonial presented to Mr. Pinkerton for this success still adorns tlie Chicago office. Again, the east (.ailed Mr. Pinkerton when a car on the New Haven Rail- I'oad was robbed. With dispatch the three thou- sand dollars were recovered and the burglars jailed. Later, the Adams Express Company was robbed near Baltimore, the safes were thrown from the car while in motion, one hundred thou- sand dollars were recovered and six thieves convicted. The Carbondale Hank, had forty thousand dollars restored and the thieves ar- rested. A still larger robbery of the Adams Express Company on the New Haven Railroad was successfully handled and nearly .seven hun dred thousand dollars recovered and six thieves convicted. The Merchants' Union Express Com- pany on Hudson River Railroad was robbed of three hundred thousand dollars. The thieves were tracked to Canada and e.xtradited. Others of similar character were followed with like success, including capture of the Reno brothers, despera- does of Indiana, who were taken from jail by a mob and hanged. The " Mollie Maguires" of Pennsylvania had his attention; forty were hung and over fifty sent to the penitentiary. The extension of his business east, early de- manded an office in New York city. Frank Warner was superintendent for some year.s. Now (^1892) it is in charge of the son, Robert- A. Pinkerton, as general superintendent of the east- ern division, including the offices at Boston and Philadelphia. William A. Pinkerton, the eldest son, succeeded his father in the Chicago office, and is the efficient and courteous superintendent in the west, including the ofifices at St. Louis, Kansas City, St. Paul, Denver and Portland. Those who knew Allan Pinkerton the detective, only knew but one side of a great man. His heart was great, tender and sympathetic. He was a trusted and devoted ally of the Illinois Lovejoys ; and general superintendent of the " Underground Railway " from .slave territory to the Canadian line. His old residence on Adams street was the place of prayer for many burdened and anxious negroes, seeking help and deliverance for half-famished and helpless refugees. When President Lincoln started for Washington in 1861, Mr. I'inkerton discovered a plot in Baltimore for his assassination. He quietly changed Mr. Lin- coln's .schedule and saw him safely through the mid.st of the conspirators and to Washington. When civil war became a fact. President Lincoln .sent for Mr. Pinkerton and had him organize the secret service division of the army previously un- known in this countrv. He continued as its head fl/oGA'.i/'///c.i/. /i/crio.y.iKv .i\n /'(U^tr.i/t c,.\ij.i:rv. (^11 to the close of the war. under tlie official novi dc plume of E. J. Allen. He was intimate with antl a confidant of the President, and liis threat secre- taries. Chase and Stanton. The world is debtor to him for tile fifteen vol- umes of " Experiences," setting forth the cunning devices of the criminal classes, and vividly demon- strating that " the way of the transgressor is hard." His object in his volumes was moral enlightenment, to prevent crime. His business was conducted on liigh moral principles. He worked for an agreed per diem, .\lways refused contingents, or a reward. He never would act in divorce cases, or where family matters, were in contest. The old maxim, " Set a thief to catch a thief," he believed to be both wrong and unwise. He believed that pure, moral men, all else being equal, would always have power over the de- praved. In later years he found much satisfac- tion in the " Larch ]-"arni," in Irotpiois comity, on which lie has exjicniled many thousands of ilollars. Hesides William .\. antl Robert .A., already mentioned, a daughter, Mrs. William J. Chalmers, of Chicago, still sur\i\e. Their mother died in January, 1886. Mr. Allan Pinkerton died July 1, 1884, and some fitting words of Luther Laflin Mills. Esq., at his funeral, may well close this imperfect sketch : "There ii\e hundreds to-day, who owe their freedom from slavery to this man. The tears of the slave pay free tribute now to his fidelity to liberty." * * "Strong, determined, bra\'e, among his loved ones he was gentle as a child." " The fireside was his joy ; he despised all fraud and false pretense; he fought for the good and against the bad." * * " He belongs to his generation and the future. No one State can claim him." CHARLES E. GREENFIELD, I\LD. CHICAC.O, ILL. IN none of the various avocations of life are there stronger incentives to activity and pro- gress than in the medical profession. On the skill and scientific knowledge of the members of that profession depends not only the alleviation of pain, but the saving of human life. The physi- cian must act promptly. Moments are precious when life is at stake. Good judgment, rapid decision, and experimental knowledge are neces- sary. The medical doctor is a student all his life. New treatments, both curative and preventive, are constantly being added to or replacing the old. Recent studies and experiments have revolution- ized former treatment. Prominent among the young members of the medical profession in Chicago is Charles E. Greenfield. He was born December 5, 1859, ''^ Rrookston, Indiana. His parents belonged to the comfortable, well-to-do farmer class. Young (jreenfield received his elementary education at the district school, and at an early age gave evi- dence of the ability which he has since developed. .•\t the age of sixteen he graduated at the public school and commenced life as a teacher. He taught school in the winter and attended the nor- mal college during the summer. This he con- tinued for three years, and then entered Wabash College, Indiana, where he continued his studies for some time and then accepted the principal- ship of the Chalmers schools, Indiana. In this position he gave much satisfaction, but having decided on medicine as his future profession, young Greenfield connected himself with one of the principal drug stores in Logansport. This he did for the purpose of becoming proficient in compounding medicine and gaining useful knowl- edge relative to his chosen profession. Having by careful and methodical reading and by re- search laid the ground-work of medical knowl- edge, he entered Rush Medical College, Chicago, in the fall of 1883. During his college course he gained the esteem and la.sting friendship of his ])rofessors by his diligent application to study, by his brilliant ability, and by the success and ease with which he passed his examinations. His kindly disposition, generous character and high honor won for him an affectionate place in the memor\- of his class fellows. He graduated in honors in the class of '86, and since that time has been successfullv engaged in this citv in the 6/4 liiiHiK.iriiicAi. nirnuxARV A.\n i'oktrait i.ali.ery. practice of liis profession, llis tliorouijli knowl- edge of principles, and his accurate rk. in 1855. Two chiklren iia\e blessed this union: Constance, aged ten \ears, and I-.vcrctt .\nthon\-. aged seven years. Mr. Thatcher's large coal business claimed most of his attention, but he found time to act as presi- dent of the State Loan and Building Association of Chicago. lie was secretary' and treasurer of the Anthra- cite Coal .\ssociation of Chicago, and also a di- rector in the Coal E.xchange of Chicago, and in other organizations of a commercial character. Mr. Thatcher was president of a shooting club, and occasionally took delight in field sports. In politics he was a staunch Republican. So- ciall}- Mr. Thatcher was much esteemed. lie was a member of the Union League, the Athletic .\ssociation, Illinois, La Salle and Sunset clubs, though not a club man in the ordinary interpre- tation of the w ord, for when the cares of the busy day were over, Mr. Thatcher spent the happiest moments of his life in the company of his family and friends in his home on Jackson boulevard. PETER G. GARDNER, CmCAf.O, ILL. IJLTER C. c;.\Kl)\Lk was born in Muskin- gum county. Ohio, on tlu- uth day of Sep- tember, 1842. the scJn of Adam and Catharij**? Gai'-rtner. who immigrated to the United States from Germany. (The family name was originall\- Gaertner, but has been Americanized to Gardner.) Of his parents Mr. Gardner has but slight recol- lections, his mother having died in 1845, while he was yet a mere child. In 1846 his father lost his life while serving his country in the war with Mexico. Being thus left an orphan, he was bound out to Mr. James M. Gibbons, a native of Pennsyl- vania, of Quaker ancestry, with whom he remained until he was about fifteen years old. His environ- ments were not all that could have been desireil. Hard work and fancied ill-treatment fill to his lot, and it was not, therefore, surprising that he left his foster-])arents and went forth into the world to fight life's stern battles. He secureil employment on a farm at §10 (ler month, continuing in that capacity until the opening of the civil war. Being then but eighteen years of age, he responded to the call of dut}-, enlisting as a private in Company A, Fifteenth Regiment Ohio Volunteers, infantrv , where he remained continuously until the close of the war. His service covered the first three months, the first three years, and second three years as a veteran, serving in all of the comjjany's grades, and was its commander during the last year. After receiving his discharge he settled at L\ons, Iowa, in the spring of 1866. Mr. Gardner engaged in the fire insurance business at Chicago in the spring of 1869, continuing in the same until the present time (1892). He has been emi- nently successful. His military recoril was marked throughout for great courage and bravery on the field of battle. No man who served in the war deserves greater credit than he. His regiment served three months in West Virginia, entering that state under General McClellan. It was engaged in the battles of Phillippi and Carrick's Ford. Upon the expiration of the three months' term, the regiment returned to Mansfield, Ohio, reorgan- ized anil went to Kentucky early in October. 1861, being assigned to McCook's division in Buell's army. On January 1, 1864, Mr. Gardner enlisted for another three years in the same com- pany and regimiiil, and was finally mustered out of the service No\end)ir 25, iS'>5,at San Antonio, Texas, receiving his discharge at Columbus, (^hio, December 25 following. His service was largelj- in the army of the Cimiberlaiui in W'ellich's Brigade, Wood's Uivi.sion, Fourth Army Corps. Mr. Gardner was engaged in all the battles of that army, beginning with the famous battle of Shiloh, April 7, 1862, and ending with the battle of Nashville, December 16, 1864. He was never 678 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. cUirint; the war sick or severely wounded or taken prisoner. Mr. Gardner has nev'er sought public office, though he keeps well-posted on political affairs and is a public-spirited citizen, ever ready to pro- mote public interests. He served as president of the Board of Trustees in the town of La Grange, Cook county, Illinois, and was president of the Board of Education of the Township High School. His political views are Republican. In Masonry he is deser\edly popular, first being made a member of the fraternity in L}-ons, Iowa, in May, 1868. He became a member of St. Ber- nard Commandery, K. T., Chicago, in 1872, and of Oriental Consistory. S. P. R. S.. thirty-second degree, in 1880. Ever since his installation in the Craft he has taken great interest in everything that pertains to the upholding of the institution of Masonry. He is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, Illinois Commandery of the Loyal Legion, Royal Arcanum, Royal League, A.'O. U. W. and P. O. S. of A. In religion he is a firm believer in God. Mr. Gardner has been twice married ; first, in June, 1869, to Miss Maroa E. Conklin, of Darien, Wisconsin, and again in October, 1873, to Miss Luella W. Humphrey, a native of Portland, Maine. In stature he is tall, with an exceedingly pleas- ant expression, and distinguished appearance. He has a host of friends, and is highly esteemed by all who know him. In every position in his eventful life which he has been called to fill. Mr. Gardner has been highlj- successful. As a business man he is up- right, reliable, and honorable. In all places and under all circumstances, he is loyal to truth, honor and right, justly regarding his .self-respect and the deserved esteem of his fellow men as infi- nitely more \aluable than wealth, fame, or posi- tion. In those finer traits of character which attract and endear man to man in ties of friend- ship, which triumph over misfortune, and shine brightest in the hour of adversity, in these qualities he is royally endowed. Few men have more devoted friends than he, and none excels him in unselfish devotion and unswerving fidelity to the worthy recipients of his confidence and friendship. GEORGE W. WARX^ELLE, CHICAGO, ILL. GEORGE \V. WARVELLE was born on May 3, 1852, in Kenosha, Wisconsin, to William and Eliza Warvelle. He is of English descent on the paternal and Irish on the maternal side. He is one of the prominent younger members of the Chicago bar. He received his early education in his nati\e cit_\-, first taking a thorough academic course. He began life as a dr\--goods clerk, and after- wards spent several' years on the stage, and was for a time, prior to the great fire of 1871, a mem- ber of a stock company at McVicker's theater. He commenced the study of law in 1872, and was admittetl to the bar in November, 1876. He practiced his profession at Kenosha, Wisconsin, until 1887, but foreseeing the many and superior advantages afforded in a great city, he removed to Chicago and has diligently appjjlied himself to his profession, and in an incredibly short time he has acquired a large and \aried ]iractice. He has been engaged in some of the most important litigations of the courts, and has come to be known as a safe counselor and an able advocate. He is one of the most prominent and fa\orably known Masons of tlie country, belonging to all the bodies of the York anil Scottish rites, and has taken all the degrees, including the sublime and last — the thirt\--third. He has held the position of presid- ing officer in lodge, chapter and council, and is at present (1892) First Lieutenant Commander of Oriental Consistory, S. P. R. S., thirty-second de- gree, Chicago, and Most Illustrious Grand Master of Illinois, R. A. M. Mr. Warvelle was one of the founders of that worthy institution, the Illinois Masonic Orphan Home of Chicago, and is one ot its present trustees. He is president of the Acacia Club of Chicago: is connected with the staff of several law journals, and is the author of some notable works on law, among them. " Warvelle on Abstracts," " Warvelle cvu\^ "^^ rvAjJ^ b^^nrvTYo^^^ t.UU^ BIOGRArniCAI. niCTIOXAKV A.\D /'OA'TRA/T CALl.llKV. 68 1 on X'cndors," which liaxc become staiulanl works in tlie profession. Mr. Warvellc attends the Episcopalian Church. He was married on tlie 31st of December, 1878, to Miss Lydia Han_<^s, of Kenoslia. Tliey ha\e two bri'dit little "iris. His arguments to the court are sound, dij^nified, and logical, while his oratorj- to the jurj- is forceful and eloquent. His life has been that of an up- right man and Mason. Each new acquaintance is one added to the list of those who delight to honoi' him, ;uul their number is lesjion. NEWTON C WHEELER, CmCACO, ILI. MR. XEWTOX CALVIN WHEELER is an able lawyer and ;i successful business man. He is learned in the law , and well-\erscd in literary lore. He has a clear, well-balanced mind, an accurate sense of right and justice, and good judgment, and is a counselor and adviser whose opinions are \aluable. There is in his make- up \ery little of sentiment or romance, but in whatever he says or does, he is exceedingly prac- tical and utilitarian. As a speaker, he is clear, logical and forceful, and, without wasting words, he carries his hearers direct to the point, with his ready command of well-chosen, classical English. He is the son of Dr. Calvin and Sarah J. (Hoyt) Wheeler, and was born at Bristol, in Kendall county, Illinois, on August 21, 1849. His father was a native of New Hampshire, and his mother came originally from Connecticut. They afterwards lived in the State of New \o\V. where they were married, and removed thence, in 1834, to Kendall county, Illinois, where Dr. Wheeler was a prominent and able physiciaji, and an influential and honored citizen until his decease in 1X76. His widow still (1892) resides on the old homestead at Hristol. Newton attended the public schools of his native village, and at the age of sixteen years be- gan his studies preparatory to entering college, at Clark's Seminary, Aurora, Illinois, and subse- quently finished his preparatory course at Heloit College, whither he went in the fall of 1867. During the fall and winter terms of 1868-69, ''^" engaged in teaching near his home, with excellent results, developing unusual talent as a teacher. Contrary to his purpose, which had been to re- turn to lieloit College, he yielded to the solicita- tions of friends, and in the fall of 1869 joined the freshman class of the Universit}- of Chicago. After the great fire of October 8 and 9, 1 871, he discontinued his college studies for a time, and accepted a position as tutor in Washington University, at St. Louis, Mi.ssouri. He filled that position with marked success until the summer of 1872, and declined an urgent request to continue his services there at an advanced salar)-, in order to complete his college course. He returned to college in the fall of 1872, but onl\- for a short time. Winnetka Academy, then a branch of the University of Chicago, was with- out a principal, and at the urgent request of the president of the University, Mr. Wheeler was prevailed upon to take charge of. that school. He, however, declined a permanent appointment, and returning to college, was graduated in the classical course with the class of 1873. This class was noted in the annals of the University for scholarship and oratorical ability ; the late la- mented Dr. Edward Olson and George C. Ingham being among Mr. Wheeler's classmates. .\s a writer and .speaker he was among the first in his class, his graduating oration receixing the highest encomiums of the local press. In college he was a commanding spirit, .m earnest student .ind an excellent scholar. He was at the same time a leader in college sport and a whole-souled, generous companion, meriting and obtaining the highest regard of both teachers anil college-mates. He was an enthusiastic mem- ber of the Tsi Upsilon fraternity, and in his senior year was elected president of his clas.s. Mr. Wheeler spent the year following his grad- u.ition from college at the Union College of Law, Chicago. He subsequently was a student and clerk in the law oflfice of Mes.srs. Lyman and Jackson, and upon examination before the Su- preme Court at Ottawa, in September, 1875, was 682 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY AXI) PORTRAIT GALLERY. admitted to the bar of Illinois. He was soon afterwards called home by the serious illness of his father, whose decease occurred in May, 1876, and during the remainder of that year was en- gaged in settling his father's estate. He then spent a year traveling, making business trips through the central and southern states, and upon returning to Chicago was engaged for six months as assistant to Mr. Huntington W. Jackson, re- ceiver of the Third National Bank of Chicago, in settling the affairs of that institution. In the fall of 1878, Mr. Wheeler opened an ofifice and began the practice of his profession. In May, 1881, he associated himself with Colonel Daniel W. Munn, under the present firm name of Munn and Wheeler. Their practice extends into all branches of the law, and they are ranked among the lead- ing law firms of Chicago. As a business manager, Mr. Wheeler is con- servative, careful and judicious. His investments have been made after careful investigation, and have yielded him most satisfactory profits. He is a man of genial nature, social, jo\ial and com- panionable, and strongly attached to his friends, and counts it a pleasure to do for them. A marked characteristic is his uniform sincerity. There is nothing of h\'pocris}- in his nature, antl cant he abhors. He has been one of the active promoters of the Woodlawn Park Club, and for several years has been its president. He is also an officer, and for a number of years was president of the board of trustees of Woodlawn Park Presbyterian Church. In politics, he has always been a staunch Republican. He is a man of commanding pres- ence, being tall, and of well-proportioned phys- ique, with an honest, open face, and clean, clear- cut features. Mr. Wheeler was married on No\'ember 12, 18S1, to Miss Lizzie M. Stiles, daughter of the late Richard Stiles, of Chicago. Mrs. Wheeler is a lady of fine womanly qualities, who presides with dignity and grace over their home at Wood- lawn, one of Chicago's choicest suburbs. MILTON ROBINSON FRESHWATERS, CHICAGO, ILL. SUCCESS in any profession is more the re- sult of energy, perseverance and natural apti- tude than of connection, influence or social standing. The majority of the most prominent and able lawyers of the Chicago bar arc what ma\- be termed self-made men. Amongst the number who have won success in the legal professiejn b)' native energy, determina- tion and energy, is the subject of this sketch. He was born August 9, 1844, at Wellsburg, Brooks county, Virginia. He is the son of George W. and Margaret A. (May) Freshwaters. The h'resh- waters family are of Holland descent, and lia\e been residents of the above-named ciiunt\- for over one hundred and fifty years. On his moth- er's side our subject is a desci'udant of the O'Con- nell family, of Ireland, of which the celebrated Daniel O'Connell was a nuinbei-. George W. Freshwaters was at one time a large farmer and stock raiser, but is now ;i retired capitalist. Mil- ton R. received his early educatimi in the district schools. He afterwards entered lloijidalc .Scm inary, Ohio, and at a later period Alleghenj' Col- lege at Meadville, Pennsylvania. After remain- ing there three years he entered Bethany College, Brooks county, Virginia, at that time under the supervision of Bishop Alexander Campbell, the founder of the religious sect known as Campbell- ites or Christians. In 1866, at the age of t\vent\-- two, he was graduated from this college, and almost immediately afterwards commenced his business career, being elected superintendent of the public schools nf his nati\c count)-, ami made principal of the High ScIkmiI at Wellsburg. He scr\c(l two years in this capacit}', and was impor- tuned to ser\c another term, t)ut, ha\ing in the meantime comnienccd the study of law in the ofifice of J anu's 11. IV luUcton, l-ls(|., \\c dcclinetl the offer, in oidcr to continue his legal studies uninterrupteilly. llaxing at length completeil his studies, he, in 1869, passed a highlj' creditable examination and was admitted to the bar of \'ir- ginia. lie was .ilniost immediately admitted to parttuiship with Mr. Nathaniel Richai'dsim, a lilOGRAPHICAI. niCTIOXARV AXD POUriiAir GALLERY. 685 prominent la\v\-or of X'irginia. In the fall of 1869 lie was elected States Attorney, being the only Democrat elected on the whole ticket, the dis- trict being strongly Republican. Occupying this office until the spring of 187J, he declined a re- nomination, and removed to Chicagt), establishing himself in the Ouinlan Building, where he occu- pies to-day the identical office he then entered. Upon locating here, Mr. Fresluvaters decided to eschew politics, desiring to devote his whole time to the practice of his profession, but in 1888 he was, without hiscon.sent, nominated on the Demo- cratic ticket to represent the Third Congressional District of Illinois, and, nothwithstanding the dis- trict was strongly Republican, he succeeded in reducing the Republican majority of over five thousand to about si.v hundred. In 1891 he was nominated on the Citizens' Ticket for the office of City Attorney, but was not elected. .Although as a State's Attorney, Mr. Freshwaters had had considerable experience of criminal practice, he deciiled, upon settling in Chicago, to forego that branch of the profession, and to devote his time and energ)- to chancery, probate and general office practice, which he has done with most grati- fying results. .\ Freemason, he is a member of Hesperian Lodge, and of the Oriental Consistory, thirty- second degree, and also of the Mj-stic Shrine of Medinah Temple, the O. G.'s and of the Knights of Rome, and of the Red Cross of Constantine. In all these lodges he is a prominent and much- esteemed brother. He is courteous in manner, of pleasing address, genial and affable, energetic and decisive in character, and possesses a well-earned reputation for strict attention to business, a thor- ough knowledge of the law, and integrity of the highest character. A successful business man, a prominent lawyer and a representati\e citizen, he is esteemed and respected by all who know him. ISAAC N. CAMP, CHICAGO, ILL I.s.\.\C N. C.AMI' was born in Elmore, Lamoille county, X'ermont, on December 19, 1831. He is the son of Abel and Charlotte (Taplin) Camp, both of whom were natives of the Green Moun- tain State. His father was a farmer, one of the leading men and postmaster in the town in which he lived. He also had charge of a large tract of land left to the University of \'ermont by Guy Catlin, and among his privileges in connection therewith was that of a scholarship at the above named university, placed at his disposal b}- Mr. Catlin, to use in whatever way* he thought fit. Mr. Camp died December 22, 1890, aged ninety- years. His father, grandfather and great-grand- father also lived to extreme old age, (^ur subject pre])ared for college at Bakersfield Academy, Vermont, paying for his board by teaching music. At the age of twenty he entered the L'niver- sity of Vermont, and, to his credit be it said, earned in his spare time the money required to meet his current expenses. .After four years of hard study he was graduated with the class of 1856. At the conclusion of his college course he was offered and accepted a jxisition as assistant principal in the school where he had prepared for college — Harre Acailemy (transferred from Bakersfield). He remained there, teaching math- ematics and music, until i860, when he became [)rincipal of the high school at Hurlington, X'ermont, a position which he filled until his removal to Chicago in 1868 (April 20 (. Form- ing a partnership with Mr. H. L. Story, under the style of Story and Camp, this partnership continued until the spring of 1884, when the Estcy Organ Company purchased Mr. Story's interest in the business, and the firm became Estey and Cam]), under which style it continues to the present time ( 1 892V The business was commenced with a small capital, but by energy, perseverance and enterprise the firm became one of the most substantial and reputable in the city of Chicago, and at the time of Mr. .Story's with- drawal their capital exceeded half a million dol- lars, and he received as his jjortion two hundreil and fifty thousand dollars. The capital of the firm to-day amounts to o\cr one million dollars. Appointeil by the Congregational denomin.i- tion (of which body he is a member) a director in 686 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOKARY AM) PORTRAIT GALLERY. the Cliicayo Theological Seminar)-. Mr. Camp is also a director of the Chicago Guarantee Life Socict)' and of the Royal .Safety Deposit Com- panw In April, 1891, he was elected a director of the World's Columbian Exposition, and is a member of its Committee on Agriculture and Liberal Arts. Though a Republican in politics, he is b\- no means a politician, and rarely takes any acti\e part in political matters more than to perform ills duties as a citizen. In religious belief he is a Congregationalist and a member of Union Park Congregational Church, being also the president of its board of trustees. He is also a member of the Illinois and Union League clubs. Mr. Camp was married January i, 1862, to Miss Flora M. Carpenter, daughter of the Hon. Carlos Car- penter, of Barre, Vermont. They ha\e had four children, three of whom are now living. The daughter is Mrs. M. A. Farr; the eldest son, Edwin M., is in business with his father, while the youngest, William C, is now preparing for college. Mr. Camp has tra\'eled extensi\el\- with his family, both in Europe and in the United States. In personal appearance he is of medium height, with fair complexion and of robust build, and has a pleasing presence and address, and is social and genial in manner. He is a man of generous impulses and contributes liberally to church, charitable and benevolent enterprises. The archi- tect of his own fortunes, he has built up a large and solid business, and as a citizen of Chicago he is both popular and highly esteemed. ALBERT G. SPALDING, CHICAGO, ILL. FEW men in this broad nation of ours have attained greater prominence or are better know n, particularly among the young men of the country, than is Albert G. Spalding, the subject of the following sketch. There are many exemplifications of the old say- ing, that many men strive for greatness and never attain it, while others ha\c it thrust upon them, whether the}' will or no, l)ut there arc ccrtainh- none more striking than that furnished by the career of A. G. Spalding. When a slender )-outh in his teens, he conceived a great fanc)- for the game of base ball, now the national game of our country, and it was through his early love for this and other out-door sports, that the lines of his life were l.iid in channels down which it has drifted upon a care(.'r made notai)k' by the attainment of nearly all those things which nun ordinaril)- strive for. The parents of A. G. Spalding, Janus L.Spald- ing and Harriet I. (Goodwill) Spalding, were resi- dents of Ji\'ron, Illinois, where .\lhi_rt was born Sei^tendjer 2, 1 850. He receiveil his eilucation in his native town, and at Rockfonl, Illinois, where his parents removed when our subject was thir- teen years of age, aiul fniished his schooling in Rockford with a course in Ihe Commercial College there. Even at this time, when scarcely se\x-n- teen years of age, his skill as an amateiu- base-ball player had drawn toward him the attention of many of the base-ball enthusiasts of his section, and in 1867 he was urged to join the Forest City club of Rockford, a semi-professional organization which had attained considerable reputation at that time. Spalding's forte was pitching, and almost immediately upon joining the Rockfords his repu- tation as a pitcher which had hitherto been of rather a local character, spread far and wide, until he was eventuall)- offered, in 1871. an appoint- ment w ith the Boston club, which he after some hesitation accepted. His family were \ery much opposed to his ])laying ball professionall)-, but Albert's enthusiasm for the game and a promise of good behavior and habits overcame these ob- jections, and he went to Boston in 1S71, where he remained five years. His work with the Boston club, which then con- tained some of the greatest base-ball talent of the country, at once placed him in the forenuist rank of professional pla\-ers. He was immense!}- pop- ular with his fellow plavers, w ith the club officials and with the public, and this fact, coupled w ith his strictly temjierate habits, his close attention to his ]M-ofessional iluties and the burning ambition BIOCRArinC.lI. niCTIOXAKV AXn J'OKTR.UT callei^v. 6S9 to better liis o\\ 11 coiulition, anil at the same time benefit the <;ame of his boyhood days, did mucli to make him a leader in base-bail affairs. lie had early entertained the idea thai if llu- attempt were properly handled, base bail niii;lu be successfully introduccil into other countries tlian our own. and throuijh his enthusiasm in this direction, a p.u-t\' comprising the i^oston and Ath- letic base-b.dl teams crossed the ocean to l-'.urope in the summer of 1874 for a tour of Great Hrit.iin and Ireland, that \\- highly educated and accom- plished young lady, a musician of more than usual brilliancy. She is a graduate of the Chi- cago Musical College, from whicli she received a teacher's diploma, and also a diploma from the "raduating class. Miss Gunderson still continues the study of music, in which she takes a great deal of pride. She is of an artistic nature, and besides her interest in musical matters, she finds opportunity to devote a portion of her time to painting, both in water colors and in oil. She has not neglected the other accomplishments for those of music and painting, but is highly educated in all branches. She is a graduate of the Misses Grant Seminary. George Gunderson was married to Miss Julia A. Jacobs, daughter of O. B. Jacobs, the well-known lumber dealer. June 15. 1887-. Mr. Gunderson has always taken a deep inter- est in travel, and has visited all places of interest in England, Norway, Sweden, Germany, Denmark and France. Returning from Europe via New Orleans, he visited the Republic of Mexico. He has journeyed over the United States from ocean to ocean more than once, and his numerous visits to different parts of the world have filled his mind with many broad ideas. Mr. Gunderson has always been known as a public-spirited citizen of Chicago ; he has always taken a deep interest in public affairs, and any enterprise that tends to the welfare of the city of Chicago always finds in him a warm sympathizer and firm friend. Such is his biography. He certainly deserves credit for what he has accomplished. He began life at the very bottom, and has surmounted ob- stacles that would appal most men. He has risen from poverty and obscurity to affluence and posi- tion entirely through his own exertions. JOHN W. BYAM, CHICAGO, ILL. JOHN W. H\AM has few peers at the Chicago bar; he never rests with the comprehension (if a mere abstract proposition, but seeks the origin, history and philosophy of the law. The natural bent of his mind is highly philosophical and reflective. His keen and ready perception, his trained habits of analysis and logical sj-nthesis, enable him to eliminate principles from sophistry, and the real from the hypothetical. He is very thorough in the preparation of his cases for trial, and the authorities he cites are usually decisions of the courts of high repute and directly in point. He has a melodious and harmonious compass of voice, a distinctness of elocution, an ardent animation of manner that enchains the attention of his hearer, and his logic is irresistible. He is a good companion, and a gentleman of great liber- ality and high social standing. Our subject was born September 10, 1857, in the village of Warsaw, Wyoming county. New York. His father was Israel Byam, and his mother's maiden name was Eudo.xia Smith. He received his education at Genesee College, Lima. New York, and studied I,n\ with Mr. (ieorge Davis, then of Gencseo. Livingston county. New York. He then entered the Albany Law School, and was graduated therefrom in 1865, and was ad- mitted to the New York bar the same year. He began practice at Livonia, New York, and soon entered into an extensive business, which ex- tended into the adjoining county of Ontario. Even then he enjoyed a wide reputation as a vcr}^ learned and eloquent lawyer. Mr. Byam always avoided the use of his name for political honors, but, yielding to the earnest solicitations of friends, he served two terms as school commissioner of Livingston county. New York. His practice became so large and his labors so ardurous, that it became a matter of serious consideration with him, how he could re- duce his labors without diminishing his income, but this was accomplished by removing to Chi- cago in May, 1882, where a large number of his friends then resided. Mr. Bvam's efforts in behalf of Frank Mul- 696 lilOGRAI'lllC.lL DICriO.\ARV AXP PORTRAIT GALLERY. kowski, who was iiuiictcil in the fall of 1885 for tlic murder of Mrs. Agnes Kledzick, at 186 Southport avenue, Chicago, August 22, of that year, gained for him great notoriet}-, and widely spread his fame as an advocate and astute lawyer. The Chicago Herald, November 13, 1885, has the following just tribute to [Mr. Byam : " Mulkowski, now on trial for his life before a jurj' in Judge Shephard's court, was entitled, of course, to counsel. Unable to employ a lawyer, the court, as is the custom, assigned him counsel. Ordinarily, the selection in such cases is made from members of the bar who are not burdened with active engagements, and who think that re- putation, with possibility of clientage springing therefrom, will be sufficient compensation for the time expended by them in conduct of the case. Under such circumstances, the defense may be earnest, but it is not likely to be skillful, and in as large a bar as that in Cook county, and in courts where the number and variety of causes are so great, that public attention is only momentarily attached to even an important case, the calcula- tion of the neophytes of the law is disappointed. The case, and their share in it, are quickly for- gotten. Mulkowski is, however, e.\traordinariIy favored. If he escapes what seems to most persons a merited fate, he will owe his deliverance to the skill, industry and acumen of a la\v\-er, to whom he has not paid a cent, and whom, it is improbable, he will ever be able to compensate, even to the extent of a dollar. Mr. Byam, generally unknown to the bar, has been a revelation to the older and better known lawyers. The story of the calm, dignified, patient and acute manner in which he has been managing a desperate defense, has spread among the lawyers, many of whom have visited the bar of the court to see for them- selves the manner and the methods of this stranger. Whatever the outcome of the case Mr. Byam's reputation for professional capacity, and that devotion to a client's cause, which is the greatest recommendation to an accused or a litigant, is assured. Mulkowski may be hanged, but Byam is made." The News of November 14, 1885, said of Mr. Byam's argument in this case : " He spoke three hours and a half, and when he sat down the gen- eral opinion was, that everything that could be said for Mulkowski had been said. After hav- ing woven into his argument e\ery fact in the history of the prisoner and circumstances in con- nection with the crime, which might contribute to the advantage of the defendant, he denounced in scathing terms the ' sweat-box ' methods em- ployed by the police to extort testimony or con- fessions from culprits; he declared it to be a relic of barbarism, which should not be tolerated in this enlightened age. He closed with an effective peroration, taking ground against the penalty of death bj' hanging. Twice during the speech Mul- kowski bent down his head on the table before him, and wept bitterly. The State's attorney congratulated Mr. Byam on his address." The Mail says of the effort of Mr. Byam : " A more eloquent and ingenious plea had, probably, never been made inside the Cook county court- house, which is a compliment almo.st impossible to o\er-rate. It takes a mighty smart man to make a sensation in Chicago, and that is just what John W. Byam .seems to have done." Ill the summer of 1888, in the celebrated jury- bribing case, when Sumner C. Welsh, who had charge of the accident department of the Chicago City Railway Company, was brought before Judge Hawes for contempt, for attempting to bribe Juror Rosenthal, there was a great array of talent on both sides of the case ; six weeks were spent in taking the evidence, and arguments were made by the following gentlemen : C. M. Hardy led off for the defense, and was followetl by John L\-le King and Hiram S. Parkhurst for the pro- secution: then came William J. Hynes, in one of his eloquent outbursts for the defen.se : Mr. Byam followed Mr. Hynes in a masterly effort, occupy- ing three days and two hours in summing up the evidence and logically arguing each point. Of hiseloquent peroration the Inter Ocea//iM\ys : " Mr. Byam, after a gigantic effort, has concluded his ad- dress, closing up about 4 o'clock yesterday after- noon with a very neatly worded peroration as fol- lows : 'A crisis has come upon the courts of this city and the [jeople demand that it shall be resolutely met. The channels of justice shall no longer be befouled, but a strong hand shall cleanse them. The jurv-briber and the jury-fixer must go. The jury is from the people and for the people, and they feel it is their own special tribunal. To de- file it is a crime greater than that of high treason. A more dangerous and hideous crime it is not lilOCRAPHICAL niCnoXAKV .l.\7> /■( W/A'.///' i;.l/./j:Ki'. 697 easy to imagine. Is it td be extirpated, or is tlie evil to take deeper root, and spread its branches nut until they o\ershado\v and poison every de- partment of judicial proceedings in this vast city"' The evil is entrenched behind a mountain of gold and is robed in the garments of social distinction. Shall wealth, shall position, shall character, shall corporate audacity, shield and exculpate the guilty? Is the law a respecter of persons? The occasion demands unflinching courage. If the court is satisfied that Sumner C. Welsh did ap- proach Juror Rosenthal, as is alleged, we trust your honor will visit upon him a punishment that shall be commensurate with his crime; and if your honor is satisfied, from the evidence, that there is probable cause to believe that a conspiracy e.xists on the part of parties indicated, by a motion heretofore filed, to do acts injurious to the administration of public justice, we believe \oiir honor will, without hesitation, hold such ])arties to bail to ai)pear before the next grand jury to answer for their crime. In presenting this case to the court, I have not for a moment lost sight of its importance or the significance, and dignity of the occasion. I have appreciated the resiJonsibilit)- that rests upon >-ou and on myself. I have endeavored, in the spirit of candor and truthfulness, without exaggeration or coloring, to point out the naked fact.s — hideous as they arc — that are involved in these proceedings, for the simijle purpose of assisting the court, if pos- sible, in reaching such conclusions as the facts both warrant and demand.'" Mr. Hyam was married November 26, 1862, to Miss Maria Hcrsford, a highly educated and ac- complished lady, the daughter of Hon. Jedediah Hersford, formerly member of Congress from New York. HENRV \'. BEMIS, CHICAGO, ILL 1r has been t)ften remarked by world-wide trav- elers that no cit\- on earth contains so many large, elegant and commodious hotels as the city of Chicago, and among the best and foremost stands the Richelieu. Its noted and popular proprietor, Henry V. Bemis, is a native of the Empire State and was born October 11. 1S32, at Center Almond, in Alleghany county. His father was a Baptist clergyman of en- larged views and comprehensive mind, aiid was widely known as an eloquent and popular and learned preacher, and a Christian gentleman. He died when Henry V. was twent\--two years okl. His mother was, before marriage. Miss Marj- .Shepherd. Our subject had three brothers, Kdwin Coleman. George A. and Dwiglit L.. the last named being deceased. At the age of eighteen our subject went to Cleveland, Ohio, and engaged in book-keeping and was known at that early age as an expert accountant, and afterwards engaged in the com- mission business. In 1859, he removed to Chi- cago and engaged in the brewing business in com- pany with Mr. C. E. Downer: their business was very prosperous and was incorporated under the laws of Illinois in 1865, under the name of the Downer and Hemis Brewing Company, and was known by this name many \ears. Mr. Bemis continued to be the largest owner in the great establishment on Park avenue until April 14, 1884, when he sold out his entire interest in this property to John H. Mc.Avoj- and others, thus severing his connection with the brewing busi- ness. In 1881 he purchased an interest in the business of John Carden and Son, and was made president of the Bemis and Carden Malting Com- pany ; later he bought the entire plant: after selling a portion to his brother, D. L. Bemis and Charles Curtis, the ])resent company known as the Bemis and Curtis Malting Company was in- corporated. He was also a s])ecial partner in the grain and commission house of .\very, Hillabrant and Co., of Chicago. .May 10, 1859. he became a member of the Chicago Board of Trade. He paid the sum of fifteen dollars for his membershi]>, and he still holds the original ticket, which is signed by J. H. Rumsey, president, and Seth Catlin, secre- tary. There are few older members of the Board than Mr. Bemis, and very few who have had 698 BIOUKArHICAl. DICTIOXARV A.\D PORTRAIT GALLERY. larger legitimate tlcalings on the lM)ard of Trade. He was at one time a prominent turfman and lias owned numerous \aluable horses. His interest in turf matters caused bim to loan money largely to the old Chicago Jockey and Trotting Club, and when it became involved he bought out all other interests and in i rORTRAir cai.i.ekv. 701 \ that (uir subject should follow llu- practice of nu-dicinc. l-'roni 1S5.S to 1862, John 1,iu,l;1u school dnriiiL; the winter months and worked on a farm in Northern Indiana in summer, thereby acquirini; a robust and healthier constitution and gainini; a practical knowled<;e of ai^riculturc. In 1S62 he visited his father, wlm \\a-~ then in charge of a large anil thri\-inL;' clnirch at L'mon City, Michigan, ami in Jul\- of that \ear, he en- listed in the First Regiment of Michigan, Light Artiller}'. and afterwards known as the" Loomis" Battery, the first battery organized in the State of Michigan for services in the War of the Re- bellion. This battery took an active part in the \arious campaigns throughout Kentucky, Tennes- see, Alabama, Georgia, etc.. and was prominent in the engagements at Nashville and Franklin, Ten- nessee. Enlisting as he did as a private, he early re- ceived promotion. After the battle of Chicka- mauga, in which he was Conspicuous for his fear- lessness and braver)-, he was offered an appoint- ment on the staff of Gen. Corlin, but declined. lie was mustered out of service with his company in August, 1865, having been ])romotedto the hon- orable position of first lieutenant for gallant and meritorious services, ha\ing passed through all the numerous perils of the war, without an ac- cident or injur\- of an\- note. At the conclusion of the war he comnienctd the serious study of his intended profession under Dr. Morse, of Union City, Michigan, attending the first course of lectures at ^Ann Arbor Univer- sity, where he had previously matriculated. Ik- afterwards studied under Dr. D. C. Powers, of Coldwater. Michigan, an old anil valued fiicnd. who had been the surgeon of his battery during the war, and still later pursued a course of reading under Dr. Goodwin, an eminent ex-naval surgeon of Toledo. Ohio. Dr. Streeter was graduated in i.S6,S from Hahnemann Medical College. Chicago, and for some time he was in charge of its dispensary and devoteil almost two j-ears to charity practice. One of ithe founders of the Chicago Homceo- pathic -Medical College (in i877(. Dr. Streeter was at one time Professor of the Diseases of Women and Children, two years later he was electeil Pro- fessor of .Medical and Surgical Diseases of Wo- men, while at present. 1892, he occupies the Chair of (jynecology in the same institution, .md, as such, he is recogni/.ed as one of the most able and ]Mominent gynecologists in the United States. I'nr a long time he has been connected with Cook County Hospital, as atteiuling gynecologist, lie is also gynecologist to the Chicago Homceo- pathic Hospital and Central 1 lonneopathic Free Dispensary. Dr. .Stricter was surgeon of the l'"irst Brigade for more than nine vears. He was •It om; time surgeon of the h'irst Regiment also. .\ member of the .\nierican Institute of Homce- opathy and of the Illinois State Homceopathic Medical Society. Dr. .Streeter has many engage- ments t/<: r/ci/r (,.\u.i:ky. 711 was one of the most active men connected with the road, lie shouldered the burden of respon- sibilities and discharged the duties with the hisj;h- est credit to himself. His long experience in mechanical drawing, combined with his constant practical work in the shops, enabled him to gain such a knowledge of the details of railroad man- agement that there was little, if anything, about railroading that he did not learn. Mr. Jeffery is one of the best posted men in r.iilway nieclianies in the world. On May 4. 1877. he was promoted to the office of general superintendent of the Illi- nois Central Railroad system, in which capacity he served until December 15, 1885, when he was appointed general manager of the entire lim-, a rare promotion for one of his age. In 1885 tlie International Congress was held, and Mr. Jeffery, as the representative of the Illi- nois Central Railroad Company, was the .sole American representative there. In 1889 he resigned his position as general manager of the Illinois Central Railroad, and was immediately tendered numerous positions of prominence with leading railroad corporations. Declining them he yielded to the solicitations of the executive committee of the preliminary or- ganization of the World's Columbian E.xposition to make a trip to Paris to examine into the details of the Paris Exposition. He spread the news of the projected exposition in the United States broadcast, and the articles published in the Paris- ian papers at his suggestion were translated and published throughout Europe and Great Britain. He returned to the United States in the latter part of December, 1889, and, at the solicitation of the citizens of Chicago, went to Washington anil made an argument before the special committee of the United States Senate in behalf of the ad- vantages of Chicago as the city in which the World's Columbian Exposition should be held. The array of facts and figures presented by hiin in his argument showed him master of the situa- tion, and his effort went far toward securing for his city the location of what promises to be the world's greatest exposition. Mr. Jefferv' has always been known as an able jniblic speaker, and during his connection with the Illinois Central Railroad he made many argu- ments before State Legislatures and other execu- tive bodies. In 1888, upon the invitation of the Common Council of New Orleans, he delivered an address upon " The best method of increas- ing the commerce of New Orleans." The council tendered him a vote of thanks, and ordered ten thousand copies of his address printed and scat- tered broadcast throughout the land. Upon the permanent organization of the World's Columbian Exposition he was made a director, and became vice-chairman of the Build- ings and Grounds Committee, ex-Mayor Cregicr being chairman. At the last election he was re- elected to the board, and was made chairman of this (the most important) committee. He is also a member of the Board of Reference and Control. He is one of the most earnest and zealous work- ers in the directorate, and has been influential in its councils in shaping the course of the gigantic enterprise. Mr. Jeffery was the controlling spirit and president of the Grant Locomotive Works, and a tru.stee of the Grant Land Company. But in 1 891 he resigned from the first-named of these offices, and expects to be relieved of his duties in connection with the other. In October, 1891, he was elected president of the Denver & Rio Grande Railroad Company, with headquarters at Denver, and entered at once upon his duties, to the great regret of his hosts of friends, who dislike to have him leave Chicago. In April, 1877, Mr. Jeffery married Miss Vir- ginia Osborne Clark, daughter of the Hon. James C. Clark. They have two bright, happy children, viz.: James Clark, an apt scholar, twelve years old, and Edna Turner, still younger. In social circles Mr. Jeffery is much esteemed ; he is vice-president of the Calumet club, and an active member of the Chicago and Iroquois clubs. Politically he is a Democrat, and believes that the two great questions of the day, outside of popular education and purity of the ballot-box, are first, the remonetization of silver under an interna- tional agreement, if it can be brought about; and secondly, a revision of the tariff, in conformity with the views expressed by ex-President Cleveland. Mr. Jeffrey has been urged to accept nominations for several political positions, among them being a tender of the nomination for the State Senate. However, he has never desired political prefer- ment, and has always declined. He was promi- nently mentioned as an available candidate for 712 lUOGRArillCAL DICriO.XAKY AM) PORTRAIT GALLERY but refused to l'o before th the mayoralty people. ]\Ir. Jcffrex-'s eareer has been one of unusual success, whieh may be attributed to his intense energy, constant application, extensive reading, honesty of purpose, candor of expression, integrity in all business relations, proper regard for the rights of olliers, combined with great native abilitv. HON. EDWARD S. LACEY, CHICAGO, ILL. EDWARD S. LACEY, President of the Bankers' National Bank of Chicago, is a native of Chili, Monroe county. New York; was born on November 26, 1835, to Edward D. and ]\Iartha C. Lace}\ When he was se\en years old his parents moved to Michigan, and in the spring of 1843, settled in Eaton county, where he had his home until May i, 1889. H.is father was a man of considerable promi- nence and filled numerous ofifices of trust. His grandfather, Samuel Lacey, was an orderly ser- geant under La Fayette, and major of a Vermont regiment of infantry in the war of 18 12. Edward S. received his education in the public schools and at Olivet College, and at the age of eighteen became a salesman in a general store at Kalamazoo, Michigan, where lie remained until lie was twenty-one. Li 1857 he returned to Charlotte, Michigan, and in i860 was elected rc'ister of deeds, which office he held for four \-ears. In 1862, he, in ])artncrship with Hon. Joseph Musgrave, formerly of Ashland, Ohio, established a private bank, which was succeeded in 1 87 1 by the First National Bank of Charlotte, of which he was a director and cashier, ant! of which he subsequently, upon the death of Mr. Musgrave, became president. During his entire connection with this b.mk, lu: was its acti\e manager, l-'rom the commence- ment of his business career, .M r. Lacey has been an exceedingly busy man and has been closely identified with many important niatters. He was a director in the Grand River X'alley Railroad Company from its organization, and for many years was its treasurer. In 1874 he was appointed by Governor Bagley a trustee of the Michigan Asylum for the In.sane and luld lh.it office six years, when he resigned. In 1876 he was a dele- gate to the Republican National Convention at Cincinnati, Ohio, and from 1882 to 1884 served as chairman of the Republican State Committee of Michigan. As the first mayor of the city of Charlotte, he contributed largely to its system of public improvements. In 1880 Mr. Lacey was elected to Congress from the Third District of Michigan, and re- elected in 1882: he received the nom'mation each time by acclamation, ami in each instance ran far ahead of his ticket at the election. His desire to return to private life led him to decline a third term in Congress, but in 1886 he yielded to the solicitations of friends and became a candidate for the United States Senate, but, while showing strength and popularity, w.is unsuccessful. In Congress he took a prominent part. He was on the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads, and also on that of Coinage, Weights and Meas- ures, but gave his attention chiefly to questions of finance and came into prominence among students of monetary matters through a very able speech which he made on the silver question in the Forty-eighth Congress. Among his numer- ous addresses on financial questions, that on the use of silver as money, before the American Bankers' Association at Chicago in 1885, brought him into special jirominence among the bankers cif the country. Recognizing the peculiar fitness toi- the i)osi- tion on account of his man\- years of banking experience antl faniiliarit\' with public affairs, Mr. Lacey's friemls, comprising prominent citi- zens and financiers of his own State, of New N'ork and Chicago, urged his appointment as Comptroller of the Currency and, upon their sug- gestion, the office was tentlered to him and he entereil vqion its duties May I. 1889. His pre- decessors had, without exception, been men of high character and ability, and yet it ma\- be said as a matter of simple justice that none of them more thortiughlv mastered the details of the ji/tH,K.iJ'///c.i/. j)icr/o.\.t/n .i.\/> roKi'R.iir u.ii.i.Eny. 715 office tlian tliti Mr. L;iccy. His adniiiiislr.itinii t.ii\civil. perhaps, the most critical pcriotl within tlic iiisliiry of national bankin;;- (the Barini; fail- ure anil its wide-spread and disastrous effect u]5on credits and securities) and to his w ise judiiinent, prudent action and undaunted courage in the inanayjement of the banks of this country, busi- ness interests are larijely indebted for the fa\cir- able outcome. It is a matter of note that, in liis official management, Mr. I.acey always made a personal supervision of e\ery important detail a paramount dutw In relation to the national banks of the country, lie pursueil a policy both \ii;orous and conservative, tending always toward the protection of the depositors and creditors, .md it is a noteworthy fact that his policy rccei\ctl \ery general endorsement. He carefully -studied the details of his office and introduced many reforms. He aimed to secure every possible safeguard, exercising always a sound discretion in construing such restrict it)ns as, owing to local conditions, would embarrass and annoy bank officers and their customers. without corresponding benefits to the jjublic. Mr. Lacey is a man of decided convictions, to which he is faithfully and fearlessly obedient. Ilis inirepitl integrit)' is universally recognized. While modest and unassuming in private life, he becomes aggressive in an emergency, never fail- ing to have perfect commantl of his best faculties. He is a man of attractive personality, and b}- his courteous manner aiul manly bearing readily makes and retains friends. He is in the prime of life, has .1 \ igorous, active mind and sound ])h\'>- i(]ue, antl dispatclus business without fatigue. The oflkH; of fomiJlroUer of the Currency is secoiul onl_\- in imporlanci' to that of the .Secre- lar\- of the Treasury. This office was so ably and satisfactorily tilled b\- Mr. Lacey, coujiled with the enviable nation. il reputation as a finan- cier previously acc]uii'e(.l, that his services were eagerly sought after in moneyed centers. Se\'eral large banks thus located made him attractive offers to take the presidency. He was, however, most attracted by Chicago and its wonderful possibilities : hence, on June 30, 1892, he re- signed to acce[)t the presidenc)- of the Bankers' National Hank. His successful achievements and conspicuous abilities give the fullest assurance that those who were instrumental in jilacing him in control of its affairs and interests made no mistake. HON. WALTER Q. GRESHAM, CHICAGO, ILL. W.XLTKR OUINTIX GRESHAM, a native (jf Lanesville, in Harrison county, Indiana, was born on March 17, 1833, to William and Sarah ( Davis) (ire.sham. His father, a farmer by occupa- tion, and also a cabinet-maker, was born in Ken- tucky, September 17, 1802. He was a man of fine (jhysical proportions, with qualities of mind and heart tliat not only made him conspicuous in his community, but also won for him universal confi- dence and esteem. He was a colonel in the mil- itia. In 1833 he was elected sheriff of Harrison county, Indiana, on the Whig ticket, with but slight opposition. He was fatally shot in 1834, b\' a desperado, w horn he was altemjiting to ar- rest. At tile tinu- of his marriage to .Sarah, a daughter of Mr. John Da\ is, in No\eniber, 1S25. she was but eighteen years old. He look her to his farm in Indiana, and she still li\es on tlu- old homestead with an unmarrieil daughter, a hale and active woman, happy and cheerful in the en- joyment of the loving regaril of her children and friends. Our subject's grandfather, George Gres- ham, was a native of \'irginia, and was born near Petersburg, October 9, 1776. He went with the I'enningtons to Mercer county, Kentucky, when a young man, and in 1801 married Marj- Penning- ton. In 1809 he removeil to Harrison county, Iniliana, with his brother-in-law , Dennis Penning- ton, and took up a large tract of land on Little Indian Creek, where Lanesville now stands, and became a prosperous farmer. Our subject's ma- ternal grandfather, also, was a nati\e of \'irginia, whence he removeil to Kentucky .uid thence ti> Indiana. He was of Welsh ancestry. Walter passed his boyhood on his mother's farm : he had few school privileges prior tohissix- 7i6 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY A.XD PORTRAIT GALLERY. Icenth \ear. but was possessed of a studious mind and a thirst for knowledge. He liad lon^ cher- ished the hope that he might attend Corydon Seminary, an educational institution near by. Tlirough the aid of his elder brother, Benjamin, who had just returned from the Mexican War, and Mr. Samuel Wright, who was county auditor, and who gave young Gresham a position in his office where he could earn enough to pay his board, his hope was realized and he was enabled to spend one year at the County Seminary and one year at the State University at Bloomington. Thus equipped, he secured a position in the county clerk's ofifice at Corydon, and devoted his leisure to the study of law under the direction of Judge William Porter, who took a deep interest in him. In this way he studied and worked some three years, and in 1854 was admitted to the bar. and became a partner with Mr. Thomas C. Slaughter, who afterwards became Judge of the circuit court. Upon the formation of the Republican party in 1855, he allied himself with it, and entered heart- ily into the exciting political campaigns that fol- Iciued. After the nomination of John C. Fre- mont for the presidencw in 1856, at the Phila- delphia con\ention, to which his partner was a delegate, young Gresham stumped Harrison county for the " path-finder," with the result that more Republican votes were cast in that county than in all the rest of the district between New Albany and Evansville. As a speaker at the bar or on the stump, he became noted for his clear, forceful and exact statements that never failed to carry conviction, while as a lawyer he was studi- ous and pains-taking and conscientious. In i860 he was elected to the general assenibh- of Indiana from Harrison county, overcoming the democratic majority of five hundred in the count}-, by a personal canvass of every school dis- trict in the county. In the legislature he was chairman of the committee on military afl'airs, and as such introduced and secured the passage of the militia bill. He was skilled in military tactics, and for some time was captain of a" com- pany at Corydon called the " Spencer Rifles," and upon the opening of the civil war he was ap- pointed by Governor Morton lieutenant-colonel of the Thirty-eighth Indiana regiment, but before it entered the service he became colonel of the Fifty-third regiment. This was in December, 1861. His militarj- record is one of which he may justly be proud ; his regiment was ordered to St. Louis, whence, after the fall of Donelson, it was sent to join General Grant at Savannah, Tennessee, where it was assigned to Veatch's brigade in Hurlbut's di\ision ; with his regiment. Colonel Gresham participated in the siege of Corinth, and afterward was engaged in numerous expeditions south of the Memphis and Charleston railroad. He was in the North Mississippi cam- paign with Grant's army, and afterwards was stationed at Memphis till 1863. Later he joined General Grant's forces at Vicksburg. Colonel Gresham's conduct had won the admiration of his superior officers — particularly General Grant, who w ith General Sherman recommended his appoint- ment as brigadier general, which was made on August II, 1863, and he was put in command of the post of Natchez and later succeeded General Crocker in command of the district of Natchez. His judicious government of that city attracted the friendship of all parties. In the spring of 1864 he was put in command of a division in the seventeenth corps of the Army of Tennessee, to participate in the Atlanta campaign. His sol- dierly demeanor strongly commended him to Gen- eral McPherson. \\ ho commanded the army, and General Fr.uik Blair, who had command of the corps, and he was active in the numerous engage- ments of that campaign until July 20. On that day, in the battle of Leggett's Hill, he was scverly wounded by a bullet which struck his leg below the knee. (3n the following day, under the per- sonal direction of (jcneral McPherson, he was carried to the railroad station, and thence taken to New Albany, where he was confined for more than a \ear, nursed by his faithful wife. He was obliged to use crutches several years. After the close of the war he resunied his pro- fession at New Albany : he w as nominated for Congress in 1866, and while he won man\- Demo- cratic friends, he (the district was overwhelm- ingly Democratic^! was defe.ited at the polls by Mr. M. C. Kerr. During that year he was ap- pointed financial agent of the State, and so con- tinued until 1869. When General Grant became president, he tendered General Gresham the col- lectorship at New Orleans, which was declined. He went to Washington in the interest of a friend whose appointment as district attorney of Indiana KiouKAriiic.il. i>icrio.\.\KV ./.\/> roRTR.iir cillery. 717 ]ic sou<^lu : and when in an interview witli President (irant, he was informed by him that he liimseif had already been selected for that office, (General Ciresham replied that under no circum- stances could he accept it. In December, 1869, the president appointed him United States dis- trict judge for Indiana, an office which he ac- cepted and honored until April, 1882. At that time, upon the death of Postmaster General Howe, who was a member of the cabinet of President Garfield and his successor. President Arthur, Judge Gresham was tendered and ac- cepted the office thus made vacant, and filled it in a manner highly creditable to himself and satisfactory to the public. Near the close of President Arthur's term, he became secretan,- of the treasury, vice Secretary- I'olger who had died, .md in all his connection with the cabinet, was one of the president's most valued advisers. He withdrew from the cabinet in October. 1884, and in December following, was appointed United States circuit judge to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Judge Drummond, at Chi- cago. This high position is one for which he is eminently fitted. Learned in the law, a thorough scholar and close reasoner, with a high sense of jus- tice and an appreciation of the responsibility ami dignity of his office, his rulings and decisions arc characterized by accuracy, ])romptness, directness and uniform firmness. His endeaxor is to do justice regardless of who the litigants before him may be. or by whom represented. The young law- yer ne\er has just cause to complain of the treat- ment he receives ; the poor man's cause is listened to with as close attention as that of the rich cor- poration, and all alike find in him an able jurist — a just judge. He is firm in all his convictions of duty, and under all circumstances has the cour- age of his convictions, and this gives color to all his acts. Judge Gresham has always been a great reader, and in matters of history and general literature he has at his command a wide range of valuable in- formation ; in fiction, especially, he delights ; and the best that has come through that source, from the world's best authors, he has made his own. His peculiarity is to appropriate what he reads, and as a result he is not only well informed, but also has his knowledge at ready command. In stature the Judge is si.x feet high and some- what slender: he has clean-cut, regular features, w ith black hair and beard, liberally streaked with gra)- ; has a dignified, manly bearing ; is pleasing in his address, and courteous and affable in manner, and w ithal exceedingly modest. He is popular with his friends, and uni\ersally esteemed for his noble, manly qualities, and it would be difficult to find an\' one who would say aught but in his favor. In 1858 he married Miss Matilda McGrain. a daughter of Mr. Thomas McGrain, an old settler of Harrison county, Indiana, of Scotch-Irish de- scent. The\- ha\e one son and one daughter. JOHN STOCKTON MILLER, CHICAGO, ILL ONK of the most honoreil members of the Chicago bar is John S. Miller, present corporation counsel of Chicago. He is a man of refinement, and manifests kindness ami courtesy toward all. He was born in Louisville. .St. Lawrence county. New York, May 24, 1847, the son of Jojin and Jane (McLeod) Miller. His father, a lawyer, was a man of sterling worth, w;ho was highly esteemed in his community, and for many years county clerk of St. Lawrence county. Pater- nally Mr. Miller traces his ancestry to an old Massachusetts family, while maternalh- he is <>f Scotch-Irish descent. lie received the usual common school and academic education, and then entered the St. Law rence University at Canton, \ew York, and was graduated therefrom at the age of twenty-two. He then took a course in the law department of the same University, and was admitted to the bar at Ogdensburg, New York, in 1870. The ne.xt three years he filled the profes- sorship of Latin and Greek in his alma mater. Meantime he kept up his study of the law, in the law ofiices of the late Judge Sawyer, of the Su- preme Court of New York, and Leslie W. Russell, late attorney general, and now (^1892) Judge of 7i8 lUOGRAPHICAl. D/cr/OXAh')- .1X7) rORTRMT GALLERY. the Supreme Court of New York. With such pre- ceptors. Air Miller became well grounded in the principles of the law. and desiring; to make a name for himself in the work!, he resigned his professor- ship in 1874, and removed to Chicago and en- gaged in practice. He practiced alone until 1876, when he formed a ])artnership with Messrs. George Herbert and lear he entered the em- ploy of the McCormick Harvesting Machine Compan\- ; and in ortler to thoroughly acquaint himself with its affairs, he not only filled vari- ous positions in the office of the companx', but also served a time in the several departments of its Works. Upon the death of his father, which occurred in May, 1884, he was elected t.i succeed him as president of the McCormick ll.irvesting Ma- E. S. Stickney of Chicago, at the beautiful little Church of St. Mary's-by-the-Sea, at Monterey, California. They lia\e two children, a son and tlaughter. .Mthough a young man, Mr. McCormick has been called to numerous positions of trust, in all of which his careful methods ha\e shown him worthy of the confidence reposed. l'"or several years he has been a director of the Merchants' Lt)an and Trust Comiiany of Chicago. He was elected a member of the Hoartl of Trustees of Princeton Universit\- in June, 18S9. He is also a member and secretar\- of the Board of Trustees of the McCormick Theological Seminary of the Presbyterian Church, and first vice-president of the N'oung Men's Christian A.ssociation of Chi- cago. During the summer of 1889, Mr. McCormick ^^^Wt>o<«- Club of Chi- cago, and enjoj-s the distinction of being the first woman ever appointed on the Huard of Education in this city. Her brother is Dr. J. .s. Mitchell, the eminent Chicago physician, and her father, Mr. Joseph Mitchell, was at one time autlitor, and for a long term .served as member of the legislature of the State of Massachusetts. Having pursued a thorough course of study in the Chicago private schools, chieflj- under the direction of Mr. E. S. \\'aters, an educator of \ery high character, he entered the academic de- partment at Har\ard, and graduated with honor in 1S75, His medical studies were for a time pur- sued at the Chicago Medical College, and in 187S he recei\e(l the de-thing that he does; and these, combined with his wide range of legal learning and ready use of pure English, make him a power before cither court or jury. .Mr. A}-er is, withal, a man of rare modest}- ; and, while inclined to reticence, is a most enter- taining and agreeable companion. His \-ears of varied experience, his knowledge of general lit- erature, his observation of men and events, and his constant endeavor to keep himself in touch with the trend of current thought, combined with his courteous manner and gentlemanly bearing, win for 'him universal respect, and make him especially popular in his wide circle of friends. He is a prominent member of the American Har Association, and has been president of the Chicago Bar Association. In 1878 his altna mater conferred upon him the degree of LL. D. In 1889 he helped to organ- ize the association known as Sons of New Hamp- shire, and for two years served as its president. He is a member of the Chicago Club, the Chicago Literary Club, and the Chicago Histor- ical Society; and since 1879 has been president of the Western Railroad Association. In stature, Mr. Ayer is little less than six feet in height, and well proportioned ; he has a well- shaped heaii. and blue eyes; his features are strong, clear-cut antl regular, and his whole bear- ing are indicative of a cultured and high-minded gentleman. In 1868 Mr. A}-er married Miss Janet A. Hop- kins, a daughter of Hon. James C. Hopkins, of Madison. Wisconsin, who was United States District Judge for the Western District of Wis- consin. They have four children, Walter. Mary Louisa, Janet and Margaret Helen. FRAXK RICHARD GRliENE, CHIC.'Vt.O, ILL. A.MOXG the nian\- bright and promising young men of Chicago, who, step by step, have worked their way to the front by their own energy, ability and force of character, none is more deserving of honorable menticm than the subject of this sketch. Frank Richard Greene was born at Newport, Ohio, on June 8, 1859. and is the son of James H. and Melissa (Wood) Greene. He is descended from a line of distinguished ancestors, and is a direct descendant of General Nathaniel Greene, of revolutionary fame. His grandfather, Richard Greene, was one of the pioneers who settled near Marietta, Ohio, in 1788, when Ohio was known as the •' Northwest territory," Marietta being the first settlement in tliat territory. Our subject's father was a well-to-do farmer of Washington county, Ohio, and a prominent and influential citizen, and still lives on the old homestead, where his father, Richard Greene, settled in 1788. He was a soldier in the late war of the rebellion, and was a member of the general assembly of Ohio in 1866 and 1867. I-"rank spent his boyhood on his fathers's farm, attending the district schools and helping in the farm-work, and when old enough, pursued a 730 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY AND PORTRAIT GALLERY. course of study at Marietta Collet^e, Ohio. His father had a large family to support, and in order to relieve him of a part of the burden, Frank left school at the age of seventeen years to start in life for himself. Being offered a clerkship in a bank at Marietta, he accepted it and remained with the institution some five j^ears, being pro- moted from time to time, until he became teller and head book-keeper. When about twenty-two years old he went to Indianapolis, Indiana, where he held important and responsible positions with various commercial houses. He went thence to St. Louis, Missouri, and later to St. Paul, Minne- sota, where he was assistant cashier for the Northern Pacific Railway Company for two years. In 1885 Mr. Greene located in Chicago, and entered the employ of Messrs. Weaver, Tod and Company, coal merchants, remaining with them five years as confidential book-keeper. He re- signed his position in March, 1890, to assume the duties of auditor for the Chicago City Railway Company. He filled that position until January, 1891, when he was elected secretary of the com- pany, and was re-elected in January, 1892. Mr. Greene united with the Baptist denomina- tion when a boy, and for some fourteen years has been a devoted and earnest worker in religious and church matters, and takes an active interest in whatever tends to the betterment of his fellow- men. In political sentiment he has alwaj's been a Republican. He takes a deep interest in polit- ical matters, but is in no sense a politician. Mr. Greene was married September 24, 1 891, to Miss Berinthia M. Thompson, of Monticello, Illi- nois, a lady of education, culture and refinement, and many womanly graces. Though young in years, Mr. Greene has at- tained to a place in the- confidence of the business world that few men of his years reach, and b\- his upright character and straightforward manly conduct, holds the high esteem of all who know him. WILLIAM E. W. JOHNSON, CHICAGO, ILL. THE career of him whose name heads this sketch is one of which any man might well be proud. Possessed of an indomitable will and untiring energj-, he has accomplished much ; that which most men strive for — honor and wealth — he has attained. His history is interesting in show- ing how he has risen from obscurity to promi- nence in the city of his adoption. William E. W. Johnson was born in Philadel- phia, November 7, 1850, the son of Charles F. and Mary A. Johnson. He was sent to the public schools in his native city until the age of four- teen, and by studious habits mastered the rudi- ments of a good education, but was compelled to leave school at this early age and begin the battle of life. He went to Bowling Green, Kentucky, and secured a position as clerk in a United States recruiting office, where recruits for hulian wars were being enlisted. F'rom there he went to Des Moines, Iowa, where he sold books for a year. He next secured employment in a hardware store, and beginning at the bottom he worked his way up until he attained the position of salesman. In 1871 Mr. Johnson returned to Philadelphia- where he secured a position with the large pack- ing firm of Washington Butchers Sons, as head teamster and storage clerk. He was ambitious and his rigid training stood him in good stead. He applied himself closely to his work and by his faithfulness, and industn,- and efficiency, gained the confidence of his emploj-ers, and in a short time was appointed superintendent, and held that position until 188;. During that year the house opened a branch in Chicago, and placed Mr. John- son in charge of it, and at the same time he was given an interest in the Chicago branch of the business. He conducted the business successfully until July, 1889, when he associated himself as a partner with Mr. B. V. Cronkrite in the real-e.s- tate business, though he did not engage actively in the business until si.K months later. After clos- ing the affairs of his former business, he engaged with his accustomed zeal and enterprise in the affairs of his new firm, which under its able man- agement has come to be one of the foremost real- estate firms in Chicago. BIOCRArmCAL DICTIOXARY AM) PORTRAIT CAI.I.F.RY. 7ZZ In politics, Mr. Joliiisoii is a Democrat, but he is in no .sense a politician. He is a member of the Union Leatjue Club of Chicago, and a life member of the Manhattan Athletic Club of New York City. Mr. Johnson is interested in many enterprises. He is president of the Western Roiling Stock and Equipment Company of Chicago. Although Mr. Johnson did not have the ad- vantages of a thorough education in early life, he has been a careful observer of men and events, and devotes much time to reading; and he has acquired a large fund of valuable information that renders him a most interesting conxersationalist and companion. Vet in the prime of life, he has attained to an cn\iablc place as a business man, and may justly attribute his success to his own merit. LOUIS KISTLER, CHICAGO, ILL. 10UIS KISTLER, lawyer and advocate, was -• born June 25, 1S35, in Strasburg, Germany, being the eldest son of Andrew and Maiy Kistler. His father was a brave soldier in the Napoleonic wars, and died in 1 845 from the effects of wounds and exposure. At ten years of age, therefore, Louis was left virtually alone, his mother being in no position to assist him. The next year he came to America, and settled in Rochester, New York. He immediately set about to earn his own living, making at the same time persistent efforts to master the English language ; and by his own original resources succeeded, by dint of effort, in pursuing a classical course of study at the Syracuse University, from wJiich institution he graduated with honor in 1858. He then became a teacher in Greenwich Academy, Rhode Island; and, in 1862, he revisited Europe for the purpose of pur- suing a course of higher study at the University of Berlin, at the same time carefully scrutinizing the social, commercial and political condition of the land of his birth. Returning in 1S64 to America, the land of his choice and adoption, he accepted a position in the Northwestern Univer- sity at Evanston, as professor of the Greek lan- guage and literature, and as professor of political .science — his term of service covering fourteen years — which position, in 1878, he resigned, and commenced the active practice of the law in Chi- cago, having remarkable and unvaried success with a constantly growing clientage. The prac- tice of the law absorbs his time and talent. His staunch character and recognized ability made him prominent in Republican circles; and as president of the Germ.iii-Anurioan Republican Club, he made one of his characteristic extempo- raneous spceclies of welcome to the Hon. James G. Blaine, at the Grand Pacific Hotel, on October 25, 1884, which is considered one of the political " gems" of that marvelous campaign. It is here given as a model of its kind ; " Mr. Blaine, — ^Weare pleased to meet \ou. As men coming from the various walks of life, and representing the German-American Republicans of Chicago, the metropolis of the northwest, we ex- tend to you a cordial greeting. W'c are ac- quainted with your long and varied career as a public servant. Your course as a member and speaker of the House of Representatives, senator and member of the great and lamented Garfield cabinet, and as the historian of those great na- tional events that have rendered the name and fame of our country a household word among the great nations of the civilized world, commands most truly our confidence and respect. During your long and honorable public service, given to the country of our choice and adoption, you have been distinguished from all other men in public life, as the typical American statesman — broad and liberal in your ow n \iews, seeking your countn,-'s highest and best interests, and never losing sight of those fundamental principles of the American con- stitution, which stand forth so prominently as the great bulwark of protection to every American citi- zen in his personal rights and his personal libertj-. Being zealous of our own personal liberty in the country of our choice and adoption, and being fully identified with its great and varied interests, we hail you as the great leader and champion of our aspirations. Your earnest and persistent ad- 734 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. vocacy of protection to the great industries of our loved land, now far dearer to us than the land of our fathers; your broad statesmanship ; your love of liberty — all these inspire in us the belief that your administration of the national government will be the beginning of a new era in our national growth and prosperity. You, sir, and our gallant Logan, are the chosen leaders in this grand march of our national prosperity. You have our hearti- est support. Please accept our presence as an in- dorsement of your life, character and public ser- vices. In the name of the German-American Re- publicans of Chicago, we bid you a most hearty wel- come to the queen among the cities of the lakes." Mr. Kistler speaks the English language with purity, power and a faultless accent, and is greatly devoted to American institutions and American interests. He is prominently connected with the orders of Odd-Fellows and Masons, and takes ereat interest in their welfare. GEORGE M. PULL^LA.N, CHICAGO, ILL. IN this practical and utilitarian age, he deserves and receives the esteem and admiration and praise of his fellow-men, the work of whose hand secures the greatest good to the greatest number. When judged by what he has done, by the last- ing benefits which his genius and enterprise have conferred upon all classes, he whose name heads this sketch must be ranked among the world's greatest philanthropists. George M. Pullman is one of Chicago's most distinguished citizens. He is a native of the village of Brocton, Chautauqua county. New York, and was born on March 3, 1 83 1. His father, James Lewis Pullman, was a native of Rhode Island ; he was a mechanic by occupation, and a man of great force of character and influence in his community ; and withal was known for his fair-mindedness, his pure-hearted- ness and his loyalty to what he believed to be right; he died on November 1, 1853. His mother, Emily Caroline (Minton) Pullman, was a woman of rare good sen.se and womanly virtues; she was a daughter of James Minton, of Auburn. New York. Our subject has four brothers and two sisters. viz.: Rev. Royal H. Pullman, pastor of the First Universalist Church of Baltimore; Albert B. Pullman, for many years connected with the Pullman Palace Car Company, but now engaged in other business; Dr. James M. Pullman, a Uni- versalist minister at Lynn, Massacluisctls ; Charles L. Pullman, connected with the Pullman Palace Car Company ; Helen A., the wife of Mr. George West, a merchant of New York city, and Emma C, the wife of Dr. William 1-". I'luhrer, a promi- nent surgeon of New York city. His brother, Frank W. Pullman, a lawyer, who was assistant United States District Attorney at New York, died in 1879. George M., aside from careful home training, received a good common-school education, and while yet a boy disclosed that independence and self-reliance and luanly persistence that have characterized his subsequent life and been such important factors in his remarkable success. He was full of original ideas, and had much inventive genius; and best of all had a practicality in his ideas, and a perseverance and constancy in utiliz- ing them, that enabled him to turn them to good account. His introduction to business life was as a clerk in a store near his home when fourteen years old, for which he received an annual salary of forty dollars. His elder brother. Royal H., ' was conductiifg a small cabinet-making establish- ment at Albion, New York, at this time, and at the end of his first \ear in the store, George took a place in his shop to learn the cabinet-making tratle : a most important step as subsequent events discloseil. While yet in his teens he be- came a partner with his brother, and the>- were reasonabl)- prosperous. But upon the death of his father, the care of his mother and younger brothers and sisters largeh' devolved upon him, and he found it necessary to increase his income. With his other acquirements he had gained a considerable knowledge of mechanics and engi- neering, and when, about this time, the State of New York advertised for bids to widen the Erie Canal and raise the buildings along its line, he ni(H:R.irnic.\i. nicTioxjKv .i.\n portrait c.alli:rv. Ill sccurcil a contract : ami so siiccessfiill)' diti he accomplish the work that he was soon ranked with the leading; contractors in that particular line of business, anil found no difficult)- in t^ettin^' all the work he could do. Hut a wider field was opening for him. Chi- catjo was about to engage in an undertaking re- quiring at its head a man of just his type and ability. The city authorities hatl tlecided, for sanitary reasons and in order to secure cleanliness, to raise the grade of the streets in the business portion of the south division some si.x feet, and in order to accommodate themselves to the new order of things, owners of buildings found it necessary to raise them to the street grade. Mr. Pullman learned of the situation, and, with a capital of si.x thousand dollars, removed to Chi- cago and bid for and secured some of the largest contracts for raising the buildings in the whole- sale district along Lake and Water streets. This was in 1859. The buildings were large four and five-story structures of brick, iron and stone, .iiul to raise them bodily seemed impossible, and a long siege of confusion and interruption of busi- ness was looked for. What was the happy sur- prise of those who had feared the worst when they .saw one after another of these massixe struc- tures lifteil to the required height, and at the same time saw their business going on day after day with comparatively little inconvenience and as though nothing had happened. This success- ful achievement was regarded as a marvel" of engineering skill, and increased the reputation and fame of the man who had accomplished it. Mr. Pullman's ne.vt engineering experiences were in Colorado, whitlier he was attracted, with the thousands of others, upon the discovery of gold there. Me sjjcnt three years among tJie mines, and made considerable money. Prior to going to Colorado, he had imperfectly carried out a long cherished plan of Ics.scning the discomforts of traveling. The introduction of sleeping accommodations in railway coaches had met with little encouragement owing to the ill- suited contrivances that had been used. Mr. Pullman was quick to sec that comfort was an indispensable requisite, and that the more the luxuries afforded the greater would be the de- mand for such accommodations. To illustrate his theory, he, in the spring of 1859, had fitted up two old passenger cars belonging to the Chicago ami .Mton Railro.id Com]Kiny, to be used as "sleepers." The novelty and ingenuity and feasi- bility, combined with the elegant taste of his plan, attracted favorable consideration and com- ment. It was the perfection of his work thus begun, that he determined upon when he returned to Chicago from Colorado in 1863. With the aid of able a.ssistants he set about his task with a will, sparing no expense in giving ex- pression to his ideas, greatly to the surprise and discomfiture of many of his friends who looked upon his venture as foolishly extravagant and im- practical. After many months' labor and an e.x- penditure of eighteen thousand dollars, he pro- duced his first car ready for service. It was a marvel of beauty and comfort and luxury, and was called by its owner, the " Pioneer." " The Pull- man Palace Car, viewed simply as a stationary miniature palace, w^ould be a wonder of architec- tural and artistic beauty. But it is a thing of a thousand mechanical devices ; a \ehicie and house ; a kitchen, dining-room, parlor, ofifice, sleeping-room and boudoir, all in one. To^ have made this alone would have ranked Mr. Pullman as an inventor of world-wide celebrity." The " Pioneer " made its first trip as a part of the train which bore the remains of President Lin- coln from Washington to their final resting place at Springfield. Soon afterward it was called into requisition on the occasion of Gen- eral Grant's return to his Galena home ; and not long before it ceased to be regarded simply a luxury, and was demanded by the traveling pub- lic as a necessity, and all the leading railroads in the country were ready to gratify the wishes of their patrons. This popular demand was a vindi- cation of Mr. Pullman's advanced ideas, that the public would be willing to pay for whatever would remove the discomforts of travel and add to it the comforts and luxuries of home, and it is in fur- therance of those ideas that has come the \esti- bule train of more recent years. The demand for these cars led to the organiza- tion of the Pullman Palace Car Company, Febru- ary 22, 1867, whose operations had become so extensive in 1880 that new works and larger and more improved facilities were required. Here was offered an opportunity of testing a plan which he had long cherishetl of building a town. 738 BIOGRAI'llICAL DICTIOXAKY A.XD I'ORTRAIT CALI.F.RV. to comprise the necessary shops, stores, markets, places of amusement, houses for his workmen and their famihes, school-houses and churches, all to be under the care of the company. Four thou- sand acres of land were bought along and near the western slimf of Lake Calumet, some twelve miles south of the then limits of Chicago, and five miles inland from Lake Michigan, with which it is connected by the Calumet Ri\er. The land was first prepared by a thorough system of drain- age into Lake Calumet, whence the town site gradually rises. Streets were laid out and im- proved, bordered on either side by grass plats, beds of flowers and rows of elms. The shops of the company, built of pressed brick and stone and roofed with slate, are artistic in design and models of convenience for their various uses ; and, sepa- rated as they are bj- broad avenues and well-kept lawns, they present a view beautiful and unique. These, covering some thirty acres of land, are separated from the southern or residence portion of the town by a broad boulevard with handsome dwellings. From this, running southward, are five broad avenues, which bear the names Ste- phenson, Watt, F"ulton, Morse and Pullman, and along which stand the cottages occupied by the workmen employed in the works. There are nearly eighteen hundred houses, of a great variety of artistic designs, and they rent for prices vary- ing according to size, location, etc. The Arcade building, erected at a cost of three hundred thou- sand dollars, is occupied by the theatre, the post- ofifice, the bank, the library and the stores of the town, which latter open onto an interior court with galleries, and which, under the electric lights at night, resemble a brilliantly illumined bazaar. In the center of the tow n is a massive tower, the center of the water and sewerage systems. Other notable structures are the Hotel Florence, the several churches and sch(H)l houses, all models of elegance and good taste in architectual designs, and provided with every modern convenience and appliance requisite to comfort and sanitary com- pleteness. Improvements are constantly being made, and at the present time (1892) nearly eight million dollars have been expended in bringing the place to its present state of completeness. The power for the shops, which began operation in April, 1881, is furnished by the celebrated Cor- liss engine used at the Centennial Exposition at Philadelphia. The inhabitants number over twelve thousand, and the social, moral and intel- lectual character of the place is greatly superior to that of the average industrial town. Taken all in all, it is a most remarkable illustration of practical philanthropy, and the wonderful success that has attended the enterprise from its incep- tion verifies the thecMv of its originator and pro- moter : " That beauty and culture have an economical \alue, and that the working classes are capable of appreciating and appropriating the highest ministries of excellence and art." Professor David Swing, speaking of this " New alliance between capital and labor," said : " A sense of harmonj- predominates. Each detail is in proper place and proper porportion. The build- ings for labor are not joined to the fireside. Home and shop, and church and opera house, and library and railway station, are where each should be, and instead of making a discord they verify to the full the definition of him who said that ' Architecture was frozen music' Here the stores are as numerous as the population demand ; the churches pay some regard to the souls that need transformation from sin to goodness ; the theatre is adapted to the number of those who need hours of laughter and merriment ; the library fits the community as neatly as a glove the hand of the lady; even that strange invention of man in his estate of sin and misery — the saloon — is subjected to the eternal fitness of things, and, inasmuch as a community, however large, needs no saloon at all, that is the number laid out by the thoughtful architect and built by the founder. It receives its due proportion of time and money. But the ma- terial symmetry of this new cit\- is only the outward emblem of a moral unity among the inhabitants. Unity is a common bond of interest and feeling, a bond great enough to hold men together, but not strong enough to cramp human nature in an\- of its honorable departments." The Pullman Palace Car Company is the largest railroad manufacturing interest in the world. It employs a capital of forty million dollars, and has assets exceeding forty-five millions. It has in its service, according to its last report, two thousand two hundred and thirty-nine cars ; employs thir- teen thousand eight hundred and eighty-five per- sons, whose annual wages aggregate three million three hundred and thirtv-one thousand five hun- ji/oGK.iF/ncAL lycno.y.iKV .i.v/) /'OAT/ci/r d.tuj:^): 739 drcti aiui twciit\'-scvcn dollars ami forty-ono cents, bcinjj an average of six hundred and ten dollars and seventy-three cents per capita. During l8gi about five and a half million passengers were carried, and the aggregate distance traveled was about one hundred and eighty-seven million miles. .\ithough Mr. Pullman has been, and is, the moving spirit of this gigantic enterprise, he has at the same time been largely interested in im- portant interests. Among these may be men- tioned the Eagleton Iron Works, of New York, and the New York Loan and Improvement Com- pany, of which he was president, and which was organized in his offices in that city in 1874-75, and built the Metropolitan Elevated Railway on Second and Si.xth avenues. In this company he was associated with Mr. Jose F. DeNavarro and Commodore Garrison, each owning one-third of the stock. The project was strenuously opposed by the street railway companies of New York and some of the most influential citizens, who sought to defeat it by every process known to the law. Finally the company's cause was sustained by the higher court, when all but one hundred days of the time stipulated in the company's charter for having the road in operation had expired. Noth- ing daunted, the projectors went to work with a will, calling to their aid all the available help they could secure, and in ninety-six days had their road in operation. He has been interested in the Nicaragua canal project since its inception. The Pullman building, one of the most massive and imposing office and apartment buildings in Chicago, situated at the corner of Michigan avenue and Adams street, was built by the Pullman Car Company in 1884, at a cost of one million dollars. Two floors, and one half of a third, are occupied by the offices of the Pullman Palace Car Company ; the United States Army offices, a floor and a half, and the upper floors arc, for the most part, oc- cupied by offices. His palatial house on Prairie avenue overlook- ing Lake Michigan, surrounded by broad velvety lawns and graceful elms, with its spacious apart- ments, costly furniture, and treasures of art and literature, and withal, its generous hospitality, is a marvel of elegance and taste. His nobleness of character could not better be illustrated than by the devotion and care which he has always sliown his mother. No personal sacrifice was too great for him to make in order to minister to her wants. " When some years ago old age was com- ing on, and the spring and energj* of life run out in her, unless .something could bring back the zest of living, her da):i were numbered. Accord- ingly, Mr. Pullman purchased an island on the St. Lawrence River, and there erected for her a magnificent home which was called Castle Rest. We do not emphasize the costliness of her sur- roundings. But the beauty of her home and the almost royal luxuriousness of her living were only the smallest part of the life-long tribute that was paid to her; this luxury was the gift not of ostentation but of love, but back of it all there was personal devotion, a personal service that was more precious than anything that wealth could do. For all the years, in all the children's homes, the mother's birthday was the central day in all the year. Wherever she was, to her they came, and music and art, and the pleasant re- callings of the early days in "mother's life" gave to her the homage of a queen. So her life went on into extreme old age — eighty-four years of it — before its translation into the other life that grows not old. And then the end came, not that the years had brought sorrow, not that the zest of life was gone, not that the love that min- istered to her grew weary, but that she had lived her appointed years! Memory, vision, sympathy, all the faculties of life were unwasted. Her love of beauty was as keen, her wit as bright, her ap- preciation of the love and devotion of her chil- dren as quick as it had ever been.'' A touching and tender tribute to her memory, by Almon Gunnison, D.D., appeared in the Christian Leader, June 9, 1892. In all his business relations Mr. Pullman is prompt and never acts hastily. His great achieve- ments have been the results of carefully devised plans. His personal and social qualities are such as to endear him to all who come within the range of his influence. His hand is open to all worthy charities, and all public enterprises find in him a warm friend, and in all his relations his conduct is characterized by modesty and mod- eration. In March, 1S67, Mr. Pullman married Miss Hattie A. Sanger, daughter of Mr. James T. Sanger, of Chic.-isn). Their four children are, 740 mOGRAl'IIICAI. DICTIOXARY AXD I'ORTRAIT GALLERY. Florence Sanger, Harriet Sanger. George M. and and Cliristian virtues, and with lier charming Walter Sanger, the last two being twins. Mrs. daughters takes an earnest interest in religious Pullman is a woman of rare accomplishments and benevolent work. N. K. FAIRBAXK. CHICAGO. ILL. NATHANIEL K. FAIRBAXK is perhaps as fair an example of the .self-made man as is to be found in the city of Chicago. He was born in 1829, at Sodus, Wayne county, New York. He was educated in the public schools of his nati\-e town and by private study at home with a tutor. Being prepared for college at too early an age to enter, he was apprenticed to a bricklayer at the age of fifteen ; he com- pleted his apprenticeship at Rochester, New York. Shortly after this he accepted a posi- tion as book-keeper in a flouring-mill. and at the end of six months became a partner in the business. Attracted by the advantages and in- ducements offered to energetic young men in the rapidly growing West, he resolved to go thither, and in 1855 removed to Chicago and established himself in the grain commission business, and he became the western agent of David Dows and Company, of New York, and remained such some ten years. During this time he had become financially interested in the lard and J'ORTh'.l/r GALLERY. 743 St. I.iikc'> Hospital is another iiistilulioii wliich has cause to feci grateful for his practical hel|). Seeing; the need of a commodious building, he headed the subscriiHion list with twenty-five thousanil dollars, and raised by personal solicita- tion the remainder of the money. The result was the new hospital building, which is an honor to Chicago. He has always been to it a true friend, a liberal patron, and a faithful officer. In religious faith Mr. Fairbank has been since childhood a Presbyterian. For man\- years he was connected with the South Church, of which rrofes.sor Swing was formerly pastor. Upon the retirement of Professor Swing from that pas- torate, Mr. Fairbank was one of his most faithful adherents, and entered heartily into the work of organizing the Central Church, whoso services are held in Central Music Hall and conducted by Professor Swing. He was one of lift\- persons who pledged themselves to make good any deficit of money in carr)-ing on the work of the church, for a period of three years. He is an influential member of the board of trustees and a member of the music committee, and in many ways has devoted himself unsparingly to the work of the church, which has come to be one of the most influential in Chicago. Mr. Fairbank is a lover of music, and has been a liberal patron of all move- ments calculated to cultivate musical taste, par- ticularly the P'estival .Vssociation and the numer- ous concerts conducted by the celebrated Theo- dore Thomas. He has been and is greatly inter- ested in pisciculture, and the angler throughout the Northwest, and more especially in the States of Wisconsin and Illinois, owes much to his en- terprise. In personal appearance, Mr. I-"airbank is above the average height, well-pro[)ortioned and digni- fied in bearing. I lis features betoken rare intel- lect, and great energy, while in manner, he is courteous, affable and of a genial nature ; gifted as a conversationalist, he is an excellent host. In political, literar)- and social ciricles, he is a marked and ])romincnt figure, anil an e\'er wel- come guest. He is withal a man of domestic tastes and a lover of home-life, and besides his elegant home at the corner of Michigan avenue and Eighteenth street, he has a beautiful summer residence at Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, also a cottage which he occupies as a winter residence, at LekyI Island, Georgia, where he is vice-president of the Lckyl Island Club, and where he and members of his family spend the better part of each winter. In 1866 he married Miss Helen L. Graham, of New York. They ha\c four sons and three daughters. Mr. Fairbank is one of the most successful business men in Chicago. His success is largely due to his inflexible integrity, his marvelous fore- sight, and his habits of thoroughness, persever- ance and lionesty. Chicago owes much to Na- thaniel K. Fairbank; he has done much t(j rai.se her to the position she to-day holds, and no man of this great western metropolis may be- termcd more representative, or better illustrates its marvelous growth and immense enterprise than he. REV. ROBERT McIXTVRE. CHlCACiO, ILL IT were as difficult to " paint the bow upon the bended heavens." to perpetuate the variegated flashes of the aurora, or by the magic of art to reproduce the momentary sparkle of a gem, as with words to delineate an adequate picture of Robert Mclntyre, the preacher, the ora- tor, the scholar, the Itteratcnr. Robert Mclnt\re is a born orator, and has " high and peculiar gifts of nature," impelling his mind to creati\e imag- ery of the highest type, and which enable him to reach conclusions seemingly by intuition. He was born at Selkirk, .Scotland, November 20, 1851. His parents, Charles and- Elizabeth Mcln- tyre, immigrated to the United States when Rob- ert was a boy, anil settled at Philadelphia, where he attended the public schools, and also a short time the \'anderbilt University. He has been a student all his life at home, being a lover of books, and he gained most of his education there. His tastes were for literature and travel. His 74 liUx.K.U'lilL.ll. lUCTIOSARY AND PORTRAIT GALLERY. parent^ (IkiI early in life leaving him anil his younger brother. Joseph 1'. Mclntyre, to care for themselves. At an early age Robert was appren- ticed to learn the bricklayer's trade. He served his employer faithfully for three years, improving his spare time by study and in the spring of 1872 he removed to Chicago, where he did effective work with his hands and trowel in rebuilding the city after the great conflagration of 1871. Ik- worked as a journeyman four years, after which he traveled and acted as newspaper correspondent. In 1877 he was converted to Christianity and joined the Methodist Episcopal Church, and soon afterward felt himself called to preach the gospel. Prior to this time he had led a aimless existence. II is marriage, however, changed the whole course of his life, and made him what he is. The influ- ence of a Christian woman led to his conversion and subsequent course in life. He entered the ministry in tktober, 1878, and joined the Illinois Conference. He has had five pastorates. His first charge was at Easton, Illinois, where he found a feeble church with no meeting-house. But he was not disheartened. He secured the donation of a suitable lot. then solicited donations of building material, and, laying aside his minis- teri.d garb donned his mason's suit, and went to work on the foundations of a house of wor- ship. He laid the walls with his own hands, and the trowel with which he did the work now hangs in his study — a sacred memento which he delights to show. The building was soon finished and dedicated, and he had a very successful pastorate there of two years. His second charge was at Marshall, Illinois, where he remained three years, highly appreci.ited for his zeal and masterly eloquence. He was next sent to Charleston, Illinois, and re- mained there three years with good result.s, and then had charge of the church at Urbana, Illi- nois, two years. Hy reason of his markeil abili- ties, his oratorical powers and his earnest and deep spirituality, the young preacher had now become widely known, and in 1887 he was called to fill the pulpit of Cirace M. E. Church of Chi- cago, being appointed by the Rock River Confer- ence, to which he had been transferred. His congregation is one of the largest in Chicago, and during the time he has been pastor of Grace Churcli a womlerful work has bevn accomi)lished. At the end of two jears he was reappointed for the third year. Mr. Mclntyre is a member of both the Masonic and Odd Fellows orders, and chaplain of his lodges. He has traveled extensively through .\merica, Europe, Asia and Africa. He is thor- oughly orthodox in his religious views. He is a Republican, and takes an active interest in polit- ical affairs. Dr. Mclntyre, on December 31. 1S77. married Miss Ella Chatten, a daughter of Mr. H. I. Chat- ten, of Quincy, Illinois. They have three chil- dren: Ruth, Carlyle and Nellie. Mrs. Mclntyre is a woman of much culture, and a noble Chris- tian character, and to her influence and counsels is, in a large measure, due the remarkable suc- cess of her husband. He is a man of robust health, and has a strong physical development commensurate with his mental powers, so that he is able to do a vast amount of work without fatigue. He loves his study and finds congenial companionship with his books, and cares little for social enjoyments, though he is by no means a recluse. He is warmly attached to his chosen friends. He is fond of fishing and hunting, and frequently takes recreation in that way. He is one of the most popular lecturers in the country. At the Canadian Chautauqua, in 1S89, the noted evangelist, Sam Jones, said : " Having heard the prominent orators of our day, I am free to declare that I reckon Robert Mclntyre of Chi- cago the finest popular speaker on this continent." Hishop X'incent says: "Robert Mclntyre filled the bill at Chautauiiua. His lecture was magnifi- cent and made a great hit." Gen. .\lger says of him : " I heard Robert Mclntyres war lecture ; it is a thrilling picture, and will stir every one fortunate enough to hear it." John A. Logan said: "The lectures of Robert Mclntyre arc verj- fine. I commend them to the G. .\. R. I'osts as ins]}iring and instructive." .\mong the subjects treated in his lectures are: "Thirty Hours in the Sunless World, or a Trip through Wyandotte Caverns," " The Sunny Side of a Soldier's Life," " The Holy Land," " Egypt, the Land of the Tharaohs," " Fun on the Farm, or Old Times in the West." " Huttened \j\> Peo- ple." " .\ Week in Wonderland." " Yosemitc and the Big Trees." "The Six Creative Days," " From BiocK.iriiKAL nicrioxAKv Axn rouTKAir c.ai.li:kv. 745 the I'rairics to the Pyramids." As a preacher Mr. Mclntyre lias few, if any, equals in tlic West. Although versatile he is not superficial ; e.\actness and thorouijhness characterize all his attaiments. His intellectual possessions are unified and assim- ilated : they are his own. Everything is brouj^ht to bear upon his life work as a minister of the gospel. He is at his best on great occasions which bring out, when his efforts are often of a high order of genius. John McGovern, editor, poet and author, sajs of him : "He is a man of warm, sympathetic nature l he delights in giving encouragement to others in their literary pursuits. I cannot express how greatly I am indebted to him for his counsel and help at times when I greatly needed such an advisor and friend." DENIS .1. SWENIE, CHICAGO, ILL. Tl II-: name of Denis j. Swenie, the Chief of Brigade and Marshal of the Fire Depart- ment, has for over forty years, been known in this city, and has become as familiar as a " household word," and one that the people look up to with confidence and esteem. Since 1849 he has con- tinuously and uninterruptedly devoted himself to the people's service. From a little village in the forties, with its wooden buildings, volunteer fire com])an\-, hand-pump and church-bell alarm, he has seen it become in the nineties, a city phenom- enal in wealth, commerce and po])ulation, and with a fire brigade unsurpassed in the world for its efficiency. The \olunteer company has been superseded by a paid service, the old hand-pump has given way to the steam engine, and the village bell has been succeeded by the fire alarm tele- graph system. The department of which he is the head has, like the city, become unique, and is to-day unsurpassed. Chief Swenie may, after years of labor, look with pride on the result. It is with pleasure that we place the name of Denis J. Swenie among Chicago's representati\-e men. Others may build our warehouses, direct our banks or run our factories, but to him is largely due the security we enjoy of both life and prop- erty. He was born of Irish parents in Glasgow, Scot- land, July 29, 1834, and was educated at the public schools of his native city until he was four- teen years of age. In 1848 his parents brought him to this country and located in Chicago, where young Swenie, like many others, combined work and .study. As an apprentice to the saddlery and firemen's sup])lies business he ga\e much satisfaction b\- his earnest and upright character. In 1849 he joined the No. 3 Hose Com- pan\\ .\s a \olunteer fireman \-oung Swenie soon attracted attention b)' his bravery and daring. The work of the volunteer was at that time diffi- cult and dangerous, and for want of the proper appliances, was very often unsuccessful. Quick to grasp the necessity of the moment, and practi- cal in meeting an emergency, he suggested many useful appliances and pointed out many improve- ments, which have since proved highly useful in fighting fire. In 1856 he was elected first assist- ant engineer, and two years later was made Chief. The first steam fire engine was used in Chicago the same year, 1858. It was named " Long John," after Hon. John W'entworth, who was mayor about that time. This same year witnessed a bitter controversy on the subject of volunteer versus paid firemen. In the work of reorganiza- tion Mr. Swenie met with bitter opposition. The first company commissioned under full pay was the Atlantic Engine Conipan\-, No. 3, organized October 21, 1858. During the following year four new engines were purchased, and as many paid companies organized. In August, 1875, the city abolished the board of fire commissioners, and established the management under a fire marshal, who should also be called chief of brigade. The change proved to be most important for the effic- iency ofthe department, as it gave it but one direct- ing head. In 1873, the maj-or, on the recom- mendation of the board, a|)pointed Mr. Swenie first assistant, and the council confirmed the a])- pointment. He was made Chief in 1879. Among the many excellent improvements in- troduced b\- the Chief, is what is called the Stand I'ipe or Water Tower, which consists of a series 746 iiiiu;R.\riiicAJ. niCTioxARV Axn i'ortrmt (.ai.lery. of pipes telescopin:^ iiitn cacli other, and rumiiny II]) at will from ihirly tn seventy feet, ami which may be inclined at an_\- antijlc by machinery at the base. I'liur enijines can be worked on this one ]>i])e and a two-inch stream forced a distance of two hundred feet, if necessar\-. Chief .Swenie. like an able and experienced L;en- eral, iiandles his lii-iL;ade of nearly a thousand men. tluring" the excitement of a \ast coiitlaijalion. with the precision and oidei' of a well-trained army. The telegraph fire alarm ser\ice. under the direc- tion of Mr. Harretl. the city electrician, is a won- der to those who learn its methods and sec its re- sults for the first time. Hy it the Chief can locate and direct his force with ease antl efficiency. What is of great importance the CHiief has the confidence and affection of his men. Cool. cautious and careful in his conmiamls, he is watchful and anxious for their safet\-, \et he has the dash and the daring necessar\- in the perform- ance of a fireman's duty. Long experience, thor- ough knowledge and the power of organization, render him, in an emergency, a great central fig- ure, inspiring confidence and stimulating exertion. Although fifty-seven years of age Chief Swenie is robust, active and vigorous. He is as anxious and as energetic about the efficiency of his brig- ade to-day, as he was when first commissioned to reorganize it. lie is a man of original mind, but is as ready to accept a suggestion as he is to make t)ne. He has great ability to grasp a subject and an indom- itable will to overcome obstacles. In conversation he is fluent, pleasing, quick, .witty and humorous. Me has taken every opportunity ollered by his scant leisure to make u]) by reading and study for till, loss of an early education, and has succeeded. In jjolitics Chief .Swenie desires to take no part. " Our object and our use in this department," he says, "is to put out fires, not to put out parties." Me was married October 16, 1853, when only nineteen years old, to ^Miss Martha Toner, of this cil\-. Tluy h.ne been blessed with a famil)' of se\'en children, wlmm it has been the greatest pleasure of his life to alTord the athantage of a liberal education, and to surround with e\er\- comfort and pleasure. An affectionate husband and an indulgent father, he has .ilways found his greatest peace and ha[)piness in the bosom of his famil)-. Tin: city iif Chicago is grateful to its public men who honestly and honorabl}' pei'form their dut\'. When heroism goes hand and with ability in the [lerformance of public duty, she cannot afford to be outdone in generosit}-. Were it our dut)- here to tell the value of property sa\-ed, and the number of li\cs rescued during Chief Swenie's forty-three years connection with the dep.artment. it w ould astonish the public. To those w ho will look up the record of the vast fires that have, like some great monster, devoured the lives and property of our citizens, will be revealed the fact that only for the heroism and self-sacrifice of the fire brigade, the terrible story of destruction wt)uld be doubled. To the skill, experience, genius and daring of Chief Swenie, we owe not only thanks for the past, but to him we look for securil}- in the future. His present position is a ])roof of the people's confidence and a mark of their high esteem. EDWIN HARTLEY PRATT, A.M.. M.D. LL.D. CHICAGO, ILL. Tl IE life and achievements of him whose name heads this biography worthily illustrate what may be attained by persistent and painstak- ing effort. Edwin Hartley Pratt is a native of Towanda. Penn.sylvania, and was born .\o\ ember 6, 1849, the son of Leonard I'ratt. ALU., and Betsey (Belding) Pratt, both of w hom are of Eng- lish descent. The father, now a resident of San Jose, California, was formerly connected with Hah- nemann Medical College, Chicago, and for many yiars was one of the most distinguished physi- cians in the Northwest. He is a man of pro- gressive idea.s, noted for nobility and integrity of character, gentleness of manner and promptness in all things. The maternal ancestors were long- li\ed people, and the mother of our subject in- herited a rugged constitution. She is a woman of large stature, energetic and fearless, and perse- BlOuKArillCAr. lycno.XARV A.\n I'ORTRAIT i.Al.I.llRY. "49 veriiig. ami, wlien convinced of tiic riglitiicss t>l ^i purpose or plan, allows no obstacle to stand in the way of its achievement. Our subject pos- sesses a happ\' combination of many of the quali- ties and characteristics of both his parents. In physical organization he resembles most the Beldings, being large in stature, si.\ feet tall, finely proportioned, and weighing two hundred and fifty pounds. In mental make-up he has the cheerfulness and hopefulness of his father, com- bined with his mother's indomitable energy, cuur- age and perseverance. His only living sister. Nettie L. Pratt, is aj-oung lady noted for her un- usual musical attainments. She resides at San Jose, California. Another sister, Ilattie, ilied when thirteen years of age of malignant (li])li- theria, it being one of the first cases in this coun- try. An only brother died in infancy-. Prior to his fifteenth year Edwin attentled the common schools, and then spent a year at .Mt. Carroll Seminary. In order to give him the ad- vantage of a college education, his father now re- moved to Wheaton, Du Page county, Illinois, and he pursued the first-year preparatory course at Wheaton College. Upon the opening of the sec- ond \-ear, the college authorities learning that he had interested himself in the organization of a Good Templars' Lodge, and being opposed to secret societies, demanded that he sever his con- nection with the lodge. He was only a day stu- dent, living at his own home, and his father was a member of the lodge, and feeling the injustice of the demand refused to comply with it ; and leav- ing the school at once entered the seconil-year class in the preparatory de])artnient nf the L'ni- versity of Chicago. He remained at thai iiistitu- tif>n six \-ears, completing a thorough classical course of study, and graduating with the class of 1871, with the degree of ,\.H. In college he was known as a hard worker, and dexelopeil a special aptitude for geometry, logic, metaphysics, Eng- lish grammar and rhetoric, and was especially fontl of the Odes of Horace and Ars Poiiica, by reason of their help to him in writing and speak- ing. In the literary society to which he belonged, the " Tri Kappa," he was a leader in deb;ite, and among the foremost writers and speakers, and made himself popular among his fellow students by entering heartil}- into the true spirit of college life. He was a prominent member of the " Delta Kappa Epsilon " fraternity. He also had fine musical tastes and talents, and improved these by attending various musical schools during the sum- mer \acations, gi\ing special attention to the study of harmony and thorough-bass. His own choice was to fit himself for the practice of law, but knowing the disappointment his father would experience should he not enter the medical pro- fession, he }-ielded his own wishes, and in Octo- ber, I S71 , enteretl I l.ihnemanii Metlical College, Chicago, and w.is graduatetl therefrom in the spring of 1873, with the degree of M.D. During his medical course he acted as quiz-master in con- nection with his father's chair, that of special patholog)- and diagnosis, and also during his last \ear filled the position of demonstrator of anat- omy under appointment of the incumbent of that chair. After listening to his wilcdictor}- address, the Board of Trustees of the college were so fa\or- ably impressed that they at once invited him to become demonstrator and adjunct professor of .matoni)-. In order to hctti-r qualify himself for the place, he \isited Philadelphia and spent the spring term in Professor Keen's School of .Anat- omy, and JefTerson Medical C<^>llege. In'the fall of 1 873 he entered upon the duties as teacher, lecturing twice each week, and in addition filled the jilace of the professor of anatomy, when that gentleman was absent, and as he was present but twice during the entire winter, tlie responsibilities of that position de\oKe(l upon Dr. Pratt. .Al- though the mental strain was sc\eic, he bore up under it. and at the close of the year had the satisfaction of knowing that his wDrk was highly satisfactory. As a niaik of their appreciation, the students who had receivetl the benefits of his teaching presented him with a beautiful gold- headed cane at the close of his last lecture. Dr. Pratt was now tendered the professorship of anatomy, but the desire to engage in active practice, and the thought that he could not afford to longer donate his services, led him to at first decline the offer. The college authorities, how- ever, knowing the wilue of his services, were re- luctant to let him go, and at once tendered him a salary of fi\e hundred dollars a year. Under this arrangement he accepted the position, and filled it until the spring of 1876. At this time, owing to ilissensions between the hoard of trustees of the college and the facull\-, ten of the thirteen 750 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY A.XI) PORTRAIT GALLERY. professors resigned and organized the Chicago Homoeopathic Medical College. With these Dr. Pratt sympathized most heartily, believing them to be in the right, and although the Hahnemann College desired him to continue his connection there at the same salary, a sense of duty impelled him to decline the offer and accept the profes- sorship of the same chair in the new institution without remuneration. This chair he filled for .seven years, during which time the honio'opath- ists were admitted to the wards of the Cook County Hospital. Dr. Pratt was elected a mem- ber of the hospital staff, and occupied a position first in the theory and practice department, later in the gyn.xcological department, and afterwards was elected attending surgeon of the hospital. In 1883 a vacancy occurring in the chair of surgery in the college. Dr. Pratt, with the consent of the faculty, retired from the chair of anatomy, and accepted that of surgery. It was here, while hand- ling the complicated and obscure cases at the col- lege clinic that he discovered what has at once marked an era in the treatment of chronic diseases, and made his own name famous. It w^as the spring of 1876. While holding clinic, the thought came to him that he had found a satisfactory explanation of the existence of all forms of chronic diseases. Inspired by the thought of his discovery, he was about to announce it to his class, but a second thought prompted him to dismiss them with the announcement that his next lecture would be " Chronic Diseases from a .Surgical Stand-point." He had i)romised an article for a medical journal, and being pressed for time he employed a stenog- rapher to report this lecture in fulfillment of that promise. His purpose of jMesenting something new had been noised about, and when he entered his lecture-room he found it crowded to its full capacity, among the audience being many visitors from other colleges. It was a moment of supreme importance to him, and as he ad\anced in his lec- ture, the heavy, tired and restrained feeling which he experienced at the opening passed away, there capie u]5on him a flood of light and he spoke as under the pou er of an inspiration, lidldinL; his auditors si)ell-bound to the close, when their breathless silence was broken by loud and long applause. Such was the effect of the lecture that, .although it was within tlnx-e weeks of the close of the term, and the students were busy with exami- nations and tired from their winter's work, during that time sixteen members of the class presented themselves for treatment under the new di.scov- ery, which the discoverer had named the Orificial Philosophy. The results of the treatment upon these cases we're so satisfactory, and so man\- were cured, that the new philosophy w^as at once pro- nounced a marvelous success. From that time the surgical clinic of the college was conducted on the orificial principle, and for a year was vis- ited by physicians of all schools from all parts of the United States, who came to witness the work- ings of the new philosophy. The spread of the new idea brought so many inquirers that Dr. Pratt found the drain upon his time and strength more than he could endure and keep up his pri- \'ate practice, and this led him to receive and in- struct his professional brethren in orificial work, in classes instead of singly as was at first his cus- tom. He now holds these classes semi-annually for a week, and during that time he devotes the time to lectures and clini-cal work, allowing mem- bers of the class to bring their most difficult cases, upon which he publicly operates. After the second class of this kind, those present organ- ized the National Association of Orificial Sur- geons, electing Dr. Pratt as honorary member, and providing in their constitution that there never should be but one. This association has had a wonderful growth, and promises to be one of the largest medical societies in the United States, and such has been the effect of the new method of treating chronic diseases, that four- fifths of the cases apparently incurable are speed- ily restored to health. In recognition of his .ser- vices the Chicago Homeopathic Medical College established a chair of Orificial Surgery, to be filled by Dr. Pratt. Other medical colleges fol- lowed the example, and now this new philosophy is taught in all the medical colleges of this coun- try that i)retend to keep up with the progress of the age. Dr. Pratt was honored with the degree of LL.D. b)- his alma mater in 188-. He is an honor- ary'member of the Missouri Medical Society, the Ohio Medical Society, the Kentucky Medical So- ciety and the Southern Association of Physicians, and an active member of the Illinois State Medi- cal Association, tlu- Chicago Academy of Meili- cine and the .\nierican Institute of HonKeopathy. liiouRArmcAi. nicTioxARY A.\n roRTRAiT t;Ai.i./:Ry. 751 Dr. I'ratt has .1 \oiy laiijc and lucrative practice. He is a liaril stiulent, has an elegant library filled witii several thousands of tlie choicest books, and contributes largely to current literature, and is author of a beautifulh- illustrated work on Ori- ficial Surgery, now in its second edition. Dr. Pratt was married June 26, 1877, to .Miss Isa M. Bailey, of Jerse}- Heights, New Jcrse\-. Mrs. Pratt is a lady of unusual attainments, with literary ami musical tastes and abilities of a \er)- high order, and withal a woman of rare good sense, and a charming hostess. Hoth she and Dr. Pratt arc members of the Apollo Club, of which the latter was one of tiie founders and is now a directi>r. They have iiad two children. A daughter, Isabel, died when eighteen months old. A son, Edw in Hailey Pratt, is now ten years old, and a rtmarkabl)' precocious child. He speaks Ger- man and I'rench fluentl)-, and shows peculiar apti- tude for mathematics antl philci->nphical studies. JOHN FALKENBURG WILLIAMS, M.D. CHICAGO, ILL. IT is ahvays pleasant to review the life of a good physician, and especially so when it is as in- teresting, eventful and successful as that of Dr. Williams. Born in Center county, PennsyKania, May 6, 1837, and a very vigorous and hard\- man, he comes of a long-lived race. His father, Mr. George Williams, of Lee county, Illinois, at the present time (1890) paying a visit to the doctor, is eighty-nine years old. Dr. Williams' paternal great-grandfather, a Welshman, was a Nolunteer in the Rc\olutionary War, and an intimate friend of George Washington. He was a fine mechanic, and in the course of that gallant struggle, in which the soldiers had no weapons, whenever a saw-mill or any such place was captured, the brave Welshman was called upon to turn the saws into swords. The wife of this soldier was a young Hol- lander, brought over under contract, aiul whom he bought and married. After the war they lived for a time in Chester county. Pennsxl- vania, finallj- locating in Center count)' of that State. One of their sons, the grandfather of our subject, settled in Bald Eagle Valley. His wife, whose name was Falkenburg (of German extrac- tion), was the daughter of the owner of large rice plantations in New Jersey. The mother of our subject, Mary Adams Williams, born in Pennsyl- vania, was of Scotch-Irish descent. Her father, a forgeman bj- trade, and an e.xtensive iron manu- facturer, was a prominent and wealthy citizen of Pennsylvania. Dr. Williams had five brothers and fixe- sisters, of whom there are li\ing three brothers and two sisters: Ellis 1. Williams, a resident of Chicago; Alexander A., a farmer of Manson, Iowa ; Julius C, residing on the old homestead in Lee county, Illinois ; Nancy A., wife of Hollis Prescott, of Di.xon, Illinois, and Mrs. J. P. Goodrich. Like many another of our best and foremost citizens, the earl)" )ears of Dr. Williams' life were spent on the farm, his education being obtained, after he had reached the age of twenty, in the common and graded schools of the da)-. It had always been his ambition to " be a doctor," and from early childhood he showed marked adapta- bilit\- for the profession. W'hile on the farm he had read physiolog)-, and, obtaining a skele- ton from the family physician, had studied anat- oni)-. Later he read medicine under the direc- tions of the family ph)-sician. With bright prom- ise of success he was prejiaring for the more advanced .study of his profession (so much be- loved), when the war broke out. He enlisted in the I''ift\--third Illinois, Corn- pan)- .\, which comi)any was afterward trans- ferred to the P'iftecnth Cavair)-. This was a compan)- of picked men, secured as a bod)- guard b)- General H. C. lialleck, anil )-oung Williams, brawny, hardened by exposure in the fields, and a perfect athlete, was considered a good man to go into it. Shortly after Dr. Williams was detailed by the surgeons of the Fifty-third Regi- ment for medical service in the ami)- of the Tennessee, Hurlbut's Brigade. In this capacity he ser\-cd until after the c\acuation of Corinth, when he was himself taken sick, and after lying for two months on the grouml was dischargeil. 752 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARV AND PORTRAIT GALLERY. Ho came Immc-, studicil medicine for a time ill a pliysician's office, matriculatetl at tlie Uiii- \-ersit\' of Michigan, and graduatetl from the Chicago Medical College, March. 1865. Part of his course in the latter institution was under the direction of the eminent and \enerable Professor N. S. Davis. After the completion of his studies Di'. Williams enlisted as assistant surgeon in the Second United States Volunteer Infantry stationed at Fort Dodge, Kansas, where he was the first to establish hospital service. In December, 1865, he was honorably discharged, and, retiring from the front, located at Ashton, Lee county, Illinois, where he remained three years. In i86g he came to Chicago, where he has ever since resided, and where he h;is built up a large anil lucrative practice. Dr. Williams is a promi- nent specialist in g\-necology, at the same time devoting much atterition to general practice, be- ing a great favorite as a famil)- physician. He was formerl)- atteniling ])hysician to the North Star P'ree Dispensary : is a member of the Chicago Medical Society: of the Illinois State Medical Society, and of the .\merican Medical Associa- tion. Dr. Williams stands high in the "blue" lodge of the Masonic Order. He was made a Mason in Ashton Lodge, A. F. A. M., in 1866; became a charter member of Lincoln Park Lodge, No. 611, and has held nearly all the offices in the gift of the lodge. He is examining physician for the \. (). L'. W.. and also for the Masonic Aid Associa- tion ; is a member and was at one time surgeon to the Washington Post. G. A. R., No. 593, and is a prominent figure in the military order of the Chicago Union Veteran Club, and is also a mem- ber of the Loyal Legion of the United States. .Son of an oltl-tiine Whig and Abolitionist, Dr. Willi.uiis is bv inheritance, as w ell as by principle, ,1 staunch Republican. He attends the Episcopal clun'cli. and in his religious \iews is liberal. The Doctor is a man of many mru'ked traits of character; kintl-hearted, generous and ti'ue, and a most agreeable companion and a trust}- frientl. He has attained his ideal of eminence in his profession, and respect of his fellow-citizens, but e\'ery step of the wa\- was carxed out b}- hard, up-hill work, in which the only secret of success was that he found no obstacles insurmountable. In 1S67 Dr. Williams was married to Miss h'rancis Raymond, (laughter of .Mr. Hiram Ray- monil, of Rock count}-, Wisconsin. .Mr. R.a}-mond, who settled in Wisconsin when it was but a terri- tor}-, was an acti\-e politician and a brilliant man. He died in Iowa about two weeks before the last presidential election, in his ninetieth }-e;u-. Mrs. Williams is an extremely modest wonian, a great reader ami a de\-otee of art. \'er}- domestic, she is of great assistance to the doctor b}- reason of her busiiiess tact and s\-stem, . and lull}- (leser\-es the jiraise of her husband, who sa}-s "she is a re- markable woman in her wa}-." 'I'he}- ha\-e one child, Elsie V.. Williams, .iged nine. SVI £*-»/" BiociiArmcAi. nicrioxAKV axd i'ortrait c,ai.i.i:rv. 763 he ont,';i_iicd witli I'ctcr I.. Uiwlikt.' ;it one dollar and twenty-five- cents per day, the current wa^^es then, and i)aid two dollars and fifty cents a week for board and lodging. In 1850, on Christmas eve, at the age of twen- ty-five, Mr. Cirannis married Miss Jane Taylor, daughter of Mrs. Mary Taylor, now eighty-eight years of age and living in their faniih'. Kew Dr. Tucker, then [lastor of the P'irst Baptist Church, officiated at their marriage. Ihe ceremony was in a liouse on Lake street, near .State, ownetl by Mosely and McCord, known generally in tliose days as two rich old bachelors, who boarded at tile Tremont House. Six children have blessed this marriage and cheered a happy home. In 1851 he commenced business on his own ac- count, and from small beginnings worked iiis wax upward, step by step. To .secure a home, he leased a lot on Adams street where the Post-ofificc now stands, and built a neat cottage for about eiglu hundred dollars, paying from six to seven- teen dollars per tliousand for lumber. With the expansion of his business, some investments were made wliich caused him much concern during the financial panic of 1857. With wise conservatism, he made prompt sacrifices to save his good name and business standing. He paid dollar for dollar, and with undiminished credit moved steadil\- for- ward to a large business for that time, as a leail- ing contractor and builder. The style of archi- tecture then was rather primitive, if not crude. Only the plainest buildings were erected, chiefly balloon frames, except in the business portions where brick was used. The principal architects were J. M. Van Osdel, K. Hurling, W. W. Boy- ington, anil later, Asher Carter. I'rom alioul 1854 to i860 the st>-le and character of buildings began to show marked improvement. Dwellings, as well as business blocks, were finer .nul more elaborate. (Juitc a rivalry sprang up among ar- chitects in making new, elegant, and most suit- able designs. Following i860, the civil wjir checked building and many other enterprises for several years. With the re\ival of business, building was brisk and the style of architecture advanced in beauty and richness, in keeping with the general prosjierity. The great fire of 1871 swept away the finest improvements, and to re- place those, there began an era of building un- surpassed by any other city in the world. Before the fire Mr. (irannis hail erected some of the most notable buildings, as for example, the Rock Island Depot, Trinity Methodist Church, Grace Episcopal Church, the old Nixon Block, the Exchange Block, and others. Though a heavy loser, like others, from the great calamity, it brought subsequent compensation, and Mr. Gran- nis found his resoui'ces of character and skill in unusual ileniaml, anil soon retrieved his losses. ,'\mong the buildings now standing which were erected by him, are the Rock Island Depot, the American Express Company's Building, the Gran- nis Block, St. Caroline's Court, the Calumet Block, etc. Also fine residences for John B. .Sher- man, W. I*". Tucker, (ieo. E. Adams, and oth- ers; also mail}' subui'ban residences amounting in one \-ear, at Ri\ersi(le, to eight}- thousand dollars. The improvements in architecture ha\-e con- tinued until a complete revolution has been wrought from foundation to top. l-'ine, solid l)uildings, not twenty )-ears olil, are out ot date and style, and are being replaced with modern structures combining the Romanesqe and Re- naissance in distincti\-ely American designs.- The present st\le of sk\--scraper buildings, twelve to eighteen stories in height, have necessitateil the help of the engineer to determine the required foundations, borings i)eing esseiiti.il when it is sixty feet to haril-pan. The ancient s)-stem of piling .relied on at the building of the Chicago Court-house, the bed of concrete as under the Chi- cago Post-ofTice and the pyramidal plan of stone are now \irtuall)- displaced by the isolated ])ier system, \iz., a bed of concrete on solid clay, then several layers of steel rails crossing each other, all embedded in concrete. On the center of these rest the piers that su[)port the superstructure, which is a frame work of steel, all jjarts being riveted together, and thus in every respect mate- rially changing the olil style of architecture. Mr. Grannis has been active in promoting pub- lic interests. He helped to organize and is now treasurer of the Chicago Mechanics' Institute ; he is a charter member of the Building and Traders' Exchange, of uliicli he was treasurer for several years. He is now treasurer of the Ma- sonic Building .nid Loan .\ssoci.ilion, and a di- rectin- in the (dobe National Bank. .About 1S67, Mr. Cjrannis became a Mascjn, and is still promi- 764 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. nent in that Order, and has held its most impor- tant offices. For three years he was master of Home Lodge, No. 508 ; and was advanced regular- ly through Chicago Chapter, No. 127. He held the office of treasurer in these bodies continuously for fifteen vears. In 1868 he became a member of Apollo Commandcry, No. i. Knights Templar, and of Oriental Consistorj- S. P. R. S. and Scot- tish Rite. In 1881 he was chosen eminent com- mander of Apollo Commandry, No. i. He is now (1892) one of the directors and vice-president of the Masonic Fraternity Temple Association. He was for several years trustee and chairman of the executive committee, and vice-president of the Northwestern Masonic Aid Association, the largest of its kind in the world, having over fifty- five thousand members. He is now its treasurer. Though not a politician, his con\-ictions have kept him in the Republican parts- from its organ- ization. He served as Alderman from the I'"(iurth Wartl of Chicago, from 1878 to 1880. In 1886 he was elected a member of the Reform Board of County Commissioners to serve an unexpired term of three montiis; in November he was re- elected to succeed himself. Religiously, although not a member of any church, he has always attended and aided the Methodist Episcopal, and is now a trustee of the Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church, Rev. Dr. Frank M. Bristol, pastor. Sterling integrity of character, correct and safe judgments, open-handed generosity and sympa- thetic helpfulness, a genial frankness in conversa- tion, an unselfish interest in the prosperity and success of his acquaintances, a willingness to contribute time, money, and his best thought to enterprises and schemes for public and private good, are the personal characteristics that have made Amos Grannis a fitting type of the pro- gressi\'c. public-spirited Chicago citizen. WM. F. SINGLETON, CHICAGO, ILL THERE are few better-known men in the west than William F. Singleton, the subject of this sketch. He was born on the 5th day of May, 1840, at Harrodsburg, Kentuckw His an- cestors came from England to South Carolina in colonial days, and his great-grandfather was a colonel in the Continental Army, and distin- guished for courage and ability. Our subject's father was Richard M. Singleton, and his mother's maiden name was Mary Ann McAfee. She was a lady of admirable qualities. William received the rudiments of his education in private schools in the village where he was born. He was of a studious nature, and capable of acquiring knowledge very rapidly — his mind be- ing logical and his memory very retentive. He attended Center College at Danville, Kentucky, for one year, and then entered Jefferson College, but at the end of a yc.ir he left, and was enrolled as a student at the University of \'irginia. He pursued the course thers for two years with suc- cess and credit, and had entered upon his grad- uating year, when his studies were cut short by the breaking out of the War of the Rebellion. Fired with martial ardor and a desire to prove his love for the Confederacy, he left his books and took up the sword in defense of Southern rights, in which he firml\- believed. He enlisted in Company C, made up of the University students, and served in Stonewall Jackson's brigade until the fall of 1862, when he was transfered to the Southwestern Army of Tennessee and Kentuck)-, and continucil in this di\ision until the close of the war. He then began the study of the law in Harrods- burg, Kentuck)-. In 1865 he was married to Miss Gertrude Magoffin, daughter of ex-Go\ernor Magoffin, of Kentucky. Tn 1866 he removed to Illinois and located in Kankakee county, and en- gaged in farming and stock-raising on a large scale. In 1870 he secured the passage of a drain- age law in the .State of Indiana, having the co- oi)eratii>n of General George W. Cass, ami other ])rominent owners of marsh land along tlie Kan- kakee ri\er. i\s a result of that law, those lands which formerly were \alueless ha\ e been reclaimed. In the year 1878 Mr. Singleton organized a land > BUH-.RAPHICM. niCTIOXARV IXD POKTRA/T C.AI.I.ERV. 767 iniprovcmoiU company called "Tlie Lake Agri- culture C(t," for the purpose of improving a large tract of land, consisting of about 18,000 acres, and owned by General George \V. Cass, Mr. W. R. Shelby. Mr. J. P. Williams and him- self, and was the general manager of that com- pany until 1885. He removed to Evanston, Illinois, in 1884, to secure better educational advantages for his children, and in 1887 began to organize a life in- surance association, based on the requirements of total abstinence from the use of alcholic liquors. In 1 8S9 this company was incorporated as " 1 he Total Abstinence Life Association of America," with Mr. Singleton as president. He has held this position ever since, and lias devoted most of his time and energy to its interests ; he has watched it from its infancy to its present vigorous growth, and may well be proud of his work. The association is now well-known to the public, and has a unique experience in this respect — it has paid every death-claim in full since its incorporation in 1889. Its growth has been very rapid, audit has a most enviable reputation for prompt pay- ment of losses and equitable treatment of mem- bers, and of all who have business relations with it. In 1869 Mr. Singleton joined the Red Ribbon temperance movement, and soon after became identified with the Prohibition party, and has been an ardent supporter of this party ever since. He has represented his party in several conven- tions, state and national, and took part in that of 1888. which nominated General C. B. Fisk for president. He is strong in his temperance prin- ciples, but of a broad and catholic mind, neither prejudiced nor bigoted, and full of the milk of human kindness. He is of courteous manners, social tempera- ment, and has a host of friends. In personal ap- pearance he is of medium height, straight, robust and of a fine presence. GEORGE WYNNE SAUL, CHICAGO, ILL. AMONG the few men of this city, who, while - still in their early manhood, have reached a position of eminence in the community, none are more deserving of prominent mention than is George Wynne Saul. He was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, on October 16, 1838, and to-day, at the age of thirty-four, he has, through his own exertions, reached the eminent position of president of a railroail com- pany. His early life was passed in the city of his birth. Here he obtained his earlier school edu- cation in the public schools; afterwards complet- ing his course of study in the Cincinnati High School. At the age of eighteen he began his business career by accepting a po.sition as assist- ant book-keeeper and shipping clerk in a whole- sale grocer}' establishment ; here he remained for over two years, at the end of which time he be- came connected with the railroads of the west. His first position in this connection was as clerk and private secretary to C. S. Cone, Jr., in the passenger department of the Ohio and Missis- sippi Railroad. The next year we find him in the employ of the Cincinnati, Hamilton and Day- ton Railroad Company, in the transportation de- partment. For eight years he remained with this corporation, during which time he occupied vari- ous positions in the various departments of oper- ation and traffic, and thus obtained a practical knowledge of all the different branches of rail- road affairs. He filled all positions that were entrusted to him to the satisfaction of his supe- riors, and in 1888 he was tendered the position of general manager of the Fort Wayne, Cincinnati and Louisville Railroad. While occupying the position of general manager of the F"ort Wayne, Cincinnati and Louisville Company, he was also general manager of the Whitewater Valley Rail- road. In 1 889 he became general manager of the Evansville and Terre Haute Railroad. On March I, 1890, Mr. Saul became connected with the Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad Company as general manager, and on June 3, 1890, as an appreciation of his ability and fitness for the position, he was elected president of that com- 768 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXD rORTRAlT GALLERY. pany. This is surely a remarkable record. He stands to-day as the youngest president of an important railway company on the continent : and, to use the language of one of his ac- quaintances, "Mr. Saul is undoubtedly the most competent railway official of his age in the Uni- ted States, and he certainly has a bright future before him." Mr. Saul is one of the fnrty-fnc of Chicago's representative citizens who compose the Direc- tory of the World's Columbian Exposition, and another noteworthy fact is that he is the young- est member of the board. He is a member of the Transportation and Grounds and Buildings committees, and, as an acti\'e member of the lat- ter committee expresses it, "Mr. Saul is one of t]ie most active anil useful members of that com- mittee." In 1 884 he was niarrietl to Miss Lillian Leon- ard, of Cincinnati. .Mr. and Mrs. Saul are blessed with two bright children, a girl and a boy, named Jane and Thomas, and in the circle of his home, in the society of his wife and children, he finds the only true happiness — that of a li)\ing hus- band ant! father. Such is the biography of a man who has reached a position of prominence, while still in his younger manhood, that few in life ever attain ; and it is certainly true that his success is de- served, as he has always transacted the business affairs with which he was entrusted in such man- ner as to merit the approval of all interested. SIEGFRIED M. FISCHER, CHICAGO, ILL. THE career of him whose name heads this biography illustrates most forcibh- the possibilities that are open in this country to earnest, persevering young men, who have the courage of their convictions, and the determina- tion to be the architects of their o\\ n fortunes. It proves that neither wealth nor social position, nor influential friends, are essential to the attain- ment of eminent usefulness, honorable distinction and true success. Siegfried M. Fischer is a self-made man in the fullest sense of that often misused term. He was born in Neustadtl, a small town near Carls- bad and Marienbatl, Austria, June 2, 1847, his parents being Solomon and Theresa (Hirsch) Fischer. His early education was obtained in the public schools of his native country. At the age of thirteen he determined to seek his fortune in the United States, and during the ne.xt two years we find him a resident of New ^'()rk city. Here he obtained a position as errand-boy, an/r/7(>x.iA').i.y/) iu)rtrait cillery. 773 Tlic kini; requested lier to call the eiiilil. if a hoy, Wilmot. if a girl, Wilmotli, in honor of his faith- ful companion — names which ha\e been in the faniil\- ever since. The circumstances connecteil with, ant! the character of. the yrant and the pe- culiarity of the coat of arms stront^ly support the familv claim. The coat of arms consist of ciuarterin;j;s of oak. an oak tree with acorns, a lion rami)ant : the crest has the motto, lUsi os/iii- ilo Hon Jill to. The American branch bes;.ui with the immi- i^ration of three or four brothers, previt)us to, or early' in tile seventeenth century, Joseph, Uz/iel. John, and one, perhaps, David, whose liistory this branch o( the family- seems to ha\e confused or lost. lost'ph died in the Cuniherlaiul Valley, I'ennsyK ania, antl his son Josejjh was the Can- adian emigrant before referred to. Uzziel and John attached themselves to the cause of the colonists; the former became the Episcopal bishop of New Jersey, and the latter, whosL- his- tory is well known, removed to C'onnectieut. The Ogden family are a numerous one in the United States, and are chielly descended from Uzziel and John Ogden. The subject of this sketch was educated in and near Toronto, Canada, his professional eilucatioii was acquired in the University of Toronto, tile 'loronto .School of Medicine, now the medical tle- jiartment of that university, and the University of the City of New \'ork. lie also spent some time in the medical schools and hospitals of I'hiladelphia. He became a licentiate of L'pper Canada in 1854, an M.D. of the L'ni\ersily of the City of New York in 1833. .\fter .itlendin- lectures upun ophtlialmic sui'gery and ,1 pi'ixate course on surgery by Valentine jMott, he returned to Toronto and took the degree of M.l). in the University of Victoria College, and subsequently accepted a chair on surgery in its medical depart- ment, which he retained until tlu' demand of a large private practice rcquireil all his time. In I.S61 lie was gazetted a military surgeon, lia\ ini; been ])reviously appointed by the crown a corcjuer for the county of Halton; the former he resigned soon after liis removal to Chicago in 1876. Since residing in Chicago he has acliieveil dis- tinction as a general practitioner, but by reason of his cool, calm, deliberate demeanor he is peculiarly adapted for surgical work. His emi- nent ability as a surgeon has lieen recognizetl by the railway corporations by his having been ap- pointed chief surgeon to the Chicago and Atlan- tic Railway Coni[)any and local surgeon for the Wabash Railroad Comjjaiiy. I-'rom early youth he has had a decided fond- ness for out-of-door sjiorts, cricket being his favor- ite game. The Ogden name is familiar to cricket players in bdth Mngland and America. When he settled in C'liicago in iSjO, there being no cricket club in or near the city, he set to work antl founded the Chicago Cricket Club. At the first meeting there were but fi\e persons pres- ent, the membershi)) the first yeai' was fifteen, tin- second ye.ir the numbi-r reached thirty. The club has had a const. mt lie.dthy growth e\er since, until at the piesent time (1892) they ha\e three hundred members in good stand ing. and own a i)eautiful park of seven acres .It I'arkside, with a handsume club-house on the grountls : the total cost of the grounds anil club-house has been upwards of fifty thou- sand dollars. Many interesting contests ha\e been held at this home of cricket in Chicago, in foot-ball. Lacrosse and lawn tennis. At present there are ten cricket clubs in the \icinity of the cit\-. and to Dr. Ogden. more than any other man, is due the creilit for their successful organization. Our subject has been president of the Chicago Cricket Club sixteen years, and his second son. Dr. E. Russell Ogden, familiarly known as Doctor "Tetldy," a noted Canadian cricketer, now resid- ing and ])racticing in (."liicago, captained the Gentlemen of Canada on their cricketing tour to I'.ngland in 1SS7. He is the acknowledgetl best all-i-oun(.l cricket play<.-r on this continent. ( )ur subject had three brothers ami four sisters; two brothers ami three sisters siuxive. One brother. Doctor M. B. Ogden, an old-time, promi- nent physician of Joliet, Illinois; died in 1885. Dr. M. D. Ogilen is an old resident and one of the leading i)hysicians of Chicago; the other sur- \ i\ ing brother, W. C. Ogden, is a successful m.mufacturer of Chicago. The three eldest sur- \'iving sisters, Agnes, Eliza and Georgiana, are all married and reside at Rockford, Illinois. Like many of the old I'ennsyhani.i loyalists .and tiieir descendants, the doctor is a firm ad- herent and communicant of the I'rotestant h'.pis- copal Church. 1 le w as formerly a lay member of 774 lilQCRAPIIICAI. DICTIOXARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. the Toronto Synod. Canada. In politics his sympatliies are with the low-tariff ])arty. Dr. Ogden was married first in 1855 to Miss Mary M. Switzer, by whom he had two sons — the eldest, Charles Palmer, who is a successful broker and real estate agent in Chicago, and a noted cricketer, was born in 1858, and Doctor "Ted- dy," a promising and rising young physician and surgeon, first saw the light of day in i86i- Mrs. Ogden died early in 1874. Dr. Ogden married his present wife, formerly Miss Sarah Shaw Wood, late in 187;. She is a daughter of Richard .Shaw Wood, Esq.. a wealthy citizen of London, Ontario, and formerly of Bermuda. Miss Belle Ogden is the fruit of the second mar- riage, a bright, handsome girl, of beautiful charac- ter, who is acquiring a most thorough education. Mrs. Ogden is a talented musician, literary in her tastes, of retiring disposition, and devoted to her home life. Dr. Ogden is a man of high standing, unquestionable integrity, and strongly attached to his family, and frequently enjoys by his cozy fireside on Michigan avenue a " rub- ber" at whist with his family aiid friends. ADOLPH NATHAN, CHICAGO, ILL. THIS work contains many tales of success, and this biography of Adolph Nathan is but another illustration of what determination, natural ability and foresight have accomplished. He was born on May 8, 1844. at St. Goar, a Rhenish city in Southern Germany. His father, Jacob Nathan, was connected with the revolu- tion of 1848, and was therefore compelled to leave his native land. He chose the United .States as the country for the future residence of himself and family, and in the following year (1849) he was joined by his wife and children. They em- barked at Rotterdam and sailed for New Orleans, occupying seventy^-two days in making the voj-- age. After a short stop in New Orleans the fam- ily journeyed northward up the Mississippi river, and stopped in St. Louis two months, during which time young Nathan suffered an attack of Asiatic cholera, which was epidemic during that year. Continuing their journey they arrived at Galena, Illinois, finally locating in Lanca.ster. Wisconsin, wliere Jacob Nathan engaged in farming and mining. Our subject remained on the farm until he reached his fifteenth year, and during his thir- teenth and fourteenth years he drove five yoke of o.xen attached to an immense " breaking plow." In 1859 his father engaged '" ^'^'^ grocery and general provision business in Lancaster, and it was there that Nathan was initiated into business. He also was enabled to improve his education, as he attended the High School in Lancaster from his fifteenth to his eighteenth year. In 1861 he became a student in Bryant & Stratton's Business College in Chicago, and mastered the rudiments of a general business education. When twenty years of age he enlisted in the army, becoming a member of the Forty-first Regiment of Wisconsin Volunteers, infantry, and was in General Wash- burne's command from the time of his enlistment in 1864 until the regiment was mustered out. After returning home, he entered into partner- ship with his father, the firm being J. Nathan & Son. The business gradually increased, and was later enlarged by the admittance into the firm of Joseph Nathan, an elder brother, and John Schreiner, a brother-in-law of Adolph Nathan. The business continued prosperous under the style of Nathan, Schreiner & Company until 1880, when our subject sold his interest and re- moved to Chicago, where he became associated in the present firm of Kuh, Nathan & Fischer. He is the financier of the business, and it is un- doubtedly true that the wonderful success of the house is largely due to the conservative yet lib- eral policy of its financier and credit manager. To show how successful this house has been, it need merely be stated that upon its organization in 1880, it controlled not one dollar's worth of trade, and it entered a field where many large houses in its line virtually controlled the business tributary to Chicago, and that after the first ten years of its existence it is doing a business equal to, if not larger, than that of any other house in its line in Chicago. / 7 / ^^^<^--!S^^_-,;:::2>2>2^^ BIOCRAI'HIC.M. lULriOXAKY .l-\7) /'OhTRAJ/- uA/.LEKV. Ill In 187;, before severing his connection with the business in Lancaster, Mr. Nathan assisted in the organization of the Chicago and Tomah Rail- road Compan\-, of which he became treasurer and general financial agent. After completing fifty- miles of narrow gauge railroad connecting the Wisconsin river with Chicago, the company be- came heavily involved, and availing itself of its only recourse, sold out the property, right of way, good will and all assets ; and, thanks to the good management of Mr. Nathan, who was the financier of the corporation, all creditors were paid in full. In 1885 he was the prime mover in the organi- zation of Street's Stable Car Lin<;, which has since become widely known as a very successful live- stock transportation company. He became presi- dent of the company upon its organization, and remained its presiding officer and controlling spirit until 1888. when failing health, caused by over\vork, compelled him to relinquish some of of his work and seek recreation and re.st. conse- quently he resigned the ofifice of president and made a trip abroad. However, he is still largely interested in this company, and has been its vice- president for the past three years. He is also connected as special partner with the " Great Eastern." a large outfitting establishment in l)u- luth, Minnesota, and one of the largest in the Northwest. In 1865 he married Miss Rosa Schreiber, by whom he has two chililren : Louis A., tlie elder, a voung man of twenty-two, is at present employed in his father's busines.s, and shows promi.se of worthily succeeding his father. The other cliild is a daughter named Jeanette P., aged eleven. Socially. Mr. Nathan is favorably known. He is a member of the Standard Club. He is an ad- mirer of the beautiful in art and literature. He is a great reader, and he has instilled an amount of knowledge into his brain by persuing works of acknowledged merit that has made him an edu- cated gentleman, although having acquired but a limited amount of knowledge at school. In conclusion, it mu.st be stated in justice to Mr. Nathan, not only that he has achieved suc- cess in life, but also that his success is deserved. He began with no financial means at his com- mand : he has risen from comparative obscurity to affluence step by step, and now, at the age of forty-seven years, has reached a high position in life, and is universally esteemed and honored. In April, i8go, Mr. Nathan was among the forty-five gentlemen who, owing to their high po- sition in the community, and their natural .ibilily, were chosen to compose the directorate of the World's Columbian Exposition to be held at Chicago in 1893, and it can be truly stated thdt not one of these gentlemen is more desirous of seeing this grand affair a wonderful success than is Adolph Nathan. FRANCIS P. OWINGS, CHICAGO, ILL. THE subject of this biography, though still a young man, has attained a prominence that men ordinarily reach only after years of jjatient toil, and achieved a degree of success of which any man might justly be proud. The story of his life, were it written in full, would read like a ro- mance, but the limits of our sketch forbid that we give more than an outline of his remarkable ca- reer. A native of Alton. Illinois, he was born on September 27, 1857, the son of David F. and Mary B. (Blandina) Owings, and is one of a family (if seven children. His father was educated at Mt. St. Mary's College in .Maryland, was .i man of sterling busine.ss qualities and during our subject's boyhood was engaged in the banking business. His mother was a woman of estimable qualities, and to her influence and example he attributes in great measure \\ hatever of success he has achieved. His devotion to her knew no bounds, and in her old age he was her solace and support. .She died in October, 1889, at St. Louis, Missouri. Francis attended the public schools, and later attended the High School of St. Louis, gradu- ating at the age of eighteen years. He thereupon secured a clevkshi]) with the agency of Wood Reaper Company, at .Mton, Illinois, at a salary of twenty dollars per month. His aptitude for busi- 778 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AND PORTRAIT GALLERY. ncss and faithfulness to his duties wnn the esteem and confidence of his emploj-ers from the first : at the end of six months liis s.dary was doubled, and a few years later he had an interest in the busi- ness. His next \enture was in the seed trade at Alton, which he conducted successfully till the fall of 1879. I^ ^^''^ while in this business that he was called to Chicago to purchase a car load of goods. It was his first visit to the metroiiolis of the west, and so charmed was he w ith the business activity and evidences of prosperity that greeted him on every hand, that he then and there resolved to make it his home, and returning to Alton, closed out his business, and with- sixteen thousand dol- lars, the result of his enter])rise and sa\-ing, took up his abode in the busy cit\- that has since been his home, resolved to make for himself a name and place among those whose enterprise and ability should develop her resources and add to her at- tractiveness. For the purpose of getting a start he invested one thousand dollars in the agricultural machinery business, and lost it. This was his first Chicago venture.. He next formed a company for refining sugar by a new process, with a capital stock of one million dollars. The enterprise proved a complete failure, and all the money in- vested was lo.st. After some months of enforced idleness, he associated himself with a pretended refiner of syrups in the refining business. Es- stablishing himself on Desplaines street, he de- voted himself closely to the business ; sales in- creased, exceeding their ability to supph' the demand, and he was congratulating himself that he would soon make good the losses of his former ventures, when, alas, complaints from customers began to pour in — the syrups wouldn't keep; they were compelled to take back their goods, and the venture, like the former ones, proved a failure. After several more similar investments, .ill of which resulted disastrousK-, Mr. Owings found his capital of $16,000, w ith which he commenced, reduced to $1,800, and that tied up in a mortgage. He accepted the situation gracefully, firmly be- lieving that fortune would yet smile on him, and temporarily took a position as accountant in a type-foundry. Two months later, his $1,800 loan being paid him, he purchased a lot on Oakley avenue for S300, and built a cottage on it for $800 intending it for a home. Not suited, however, with the location, he sold the place, realizing a profit of $600. This was the beginning of his real-estate tran.sactions, and of that turn in his affairs which has led to his reniarkabic success, this $600 being the only money he had made in Chicago, after four \-ears of hard work. This beginning, modest though it was, gave him a new hope ; purchasing the two adjoining lots he built cottages on them, and before they were completed sold them, making a profit of Sjoo on each. During the next year he built eight two-story houses which he sold, realizing a profit of about $6,000. About this time the roller-skating fever was sweeping over the west. Yielding to the per- suasions of a friend. Air. O wings decided to open a rink, but soon discovered that his friend was without means, and tliat he was about to embark in an enterprise of which he knew absolutely nothing, antl with .1 \er)- small capital. Nothing daunted, however, he pushed ahead with charac- teristic energy, and did a paying business. He built the Princess Rink on West Madison street, taking the precaution to construct it in such a manner that it could be converted into an opera house when the "skating craze " should die out; which was afterwards done, and it is now known as the Princess Opera House. He ne.xt turned his real-estate transactions to building on lease- holds in the business portions of the city, and has erected in all twenty-seven buildings — among which are the six-story building, Nos. 254 and 256 Franklin street ; the Windsor Theatre Building, 468-478 North Clark street ; the Owings Building at 226 and 228 Jackson street ; the eight-story mar- ble front building at 232 to 236 Fifth avenue; Em- pire Block at "j}^ and 75 Third avenue; the seven- story building at the S. E. corner of Fifth avenue and Monroe street ; the si.x-story building, nearthe corner of Jackson street and Third avenue ; also 61 and 63 Third axfuue and 65 and 71 Third avenue, si\-stor\- printers' wareliouse, and the mag- nificent architectural beauty at the S. E. corner of Dearborn and .\danis streets, known as the Owings Block. It is 145 feet in height to the top of the main walls, with a high-pitcheil gable roof rising thirt}- feet higher, which in turn is over- shadoweil by a tall cone-shaped tower, whose ape.x is 22'f^ feet above the foundations. The building is fourteen stories in height and was the first of that height erected in Chicago. It w;is built at a cost of $300,000, and _\-ields an B/ou/iArff/ctf. Dfcnox.iKV .i.\n ro/;TKAiT ^-.m.i.iiry. 179 annual rental of §67.400. Mr. 0\vin<,'s" success is the result of keen foresight, close calculation, unfalterin}^ courage and honest, manly daring. lie has taken great risks and won, where men of less nerve would have failed. Personall\- he is a man of genial nature, of fine appearance and ])leasing address. He was married in 1877 to Miss Jeannctte A. Levis, a daughter of George A. Levis, of New Orleans. Mrs. Owings was one of the belles of her cit\-, ami. Iiesides her remarkable beaut\-, is a woman of unusual personal charms. Through her husband's adversities, she was to him a con- stant inspiration, helping him with true womanly- fortitude to bear his misfortunes, aiding with her counsels and cheering with her hopefulness, and now enjoys with him that prosperity which has come as the fruit of their labors. Their family consists of a daughter only, Eugenie M. Owings. ABRAPTAM KUH, CHICAGO, ILL. TO have attained success and position of business and social prominence, by pa- tiently pursuing a fixed purpose, is an achievement of which any man might justly feel proud. Abraham Kuh has made his way in the world, and what he is must be attributed to his own efforts. He set his mark high, has worked with an honest and manly purpose, and accomplished most satisfactory results. He is a native of Redwitz, Bavaria, Germany, and was born May 7, 1834, the .son of Jacob and Ida (Lang) Kuh. He was educated in the schools of his native place, leaving school at the age of fourteen. When he was nineteen years old he left home and came to the United States, and during his first six months clerked in the store of his brother Isaac, who was then in business in New York city. Leaving New Vork he went to Dubuque, Iowa, and there spent three years clerking in the clothing house of Messrs. B. Wolf and Co., receiving a salary of three hundred dol- lars the first year, four hundred the second, and five hundred and fifty the third. He was econom- ical with his money, and with a cajiital of seven hundred dollars which he saved, he went to Fort Madison, Iowa, and began business on his own account, and in three years made about three thousand dollars. Thus far his plans had prospered and his busi- ness success was all that he could e.xpect ; but his next business venture was less fortunate. Going to St. Joseph, Missouri, he opened a clothing store and started in hopefully; but reverses came and he lost nearly all he had accumulated ; but nothing daunted, he paid his liabilities dollar for dollar, and, with a brave heart and sixty-two dol- lars left after paying his debts, turned his .steps toward Chicago. This was in 1861. The whole country, agitated by the war of the Rebellion just opening, was .still suffering from the financial panic of 1S57-9, and western banks especially were in a precarious condition. Mr. Kuh began buying uncurrent money, and in forty days, with his capital of si.xty-two dollars, accumulated one thousand dollars in these un- current funds. He next engaged in merchant tailoring, and during the following three years retrieved much of his losses. His business train- ing and experience having been in the line of buying and selling clothing, he was not satisfied until again engaged in that line, and it was this desire that led to the establishment of the cloth- ing house of Leopold, Kuh ami Company, which did a thriving business for sonic fourteen years. In 1878 Mr. Kuh withdrew from the firm, selling his interest in the business, and feeling much the need of rest and recreation, spent eighteen months in Europe, visiting his old home and many other places of interest. Upon his return in 1880 he opened a wholesale clothing house on Fifth avenue, which was afterwards removed to Market street, and again to the corner of Franklin and Jackson streets. The business is conducted under the firm name of Kuh, Nathan and Fischer: Mr. Kuh's partners being Messrs. Nathan and Fi.scher, whose portraits and sketches appear in other parts of this work, and is one of the largest and most flourishing and stable clothing houses in the west. ySo BIOCKAI'IIICAL DIcriOXARY A.\n PORTRAIT uAI.LERY. While ^iviii<^ personal attLiition to the affairs of his firm, Mr. Kuh has, at the same time, been largely interested in other matters. lie is a stockholder in the Chemical National Bank and the (jerman Ojjcra House, the .Street's .Stable Car Comjiany, and other public and prixate enter- prises. He is a generous contributor to cliaritable ob- jects, and is a director of the Old Peojjle's Home, of Chicago. Mr. Kuh is a man of hiL;h personal qualities, social in his nature and fontl ol gootl fellowship. He is a man of correct principles, and high minded in everything he does: he is strong in liis friendships, and scorns to do a mean act, and in all his dealings and intercourse with his fellow men strives to do as he would be done by. He is one of the charter members of the Stand- ard Club, one of the wealthiest social organiza- tions of Chicago, whose club-house at the corner of Michigan avenue and Twenty-fourth street is a model of architcctual beauty and elegance. In his two \isits to the old world, and his ex- tensive travels through the United States, Mr. Kuh has acquired a wide range of practical and interesting facts, and being a clever conversa- tionalist, is a most agreeable companion. He is not a man of strong religious sentiments, but broad and liberal in his views, believing that no creed is lars^ie enousih to cover or contain all truth. I le is a ciiarter member of .Sinai congrega- tion, whose house of worship is located at the corner III Indiana .i\enue and Twenty-first street, ;uul takes a commendable interest in its work. In political matters, as in religious, Mr. Kuh insists on his right to think and act for himself, and is bound by no party ties ; he holds men in higher esteem than any party, and in casting his ballot, supports the candidate whom he believes best fitted for office, regardless of the party name by which he ma\- be called. He is not a poli- tician. In iSOi Mr. Kuh married Miss C.iroline Leo- pold, a daughter of Mr. L. Leopold, ;i ]3rominent merchant of Chicago. They luue one daughter, now Mrs. E. Bu.xbaum. Such is a brief outline of a life that has pursued the e\en tenor of its way through prosperity and misfortune alike; never over-elated by success, never cast down reverses. Of a cheerful, hopeful temperament, possessing a genius for hard work, with a firm faith in his ability to do, and strong in the belief that right doing must lead to a happ\- ending, he has labored patiently and per- severingl)', and li\es to enjoy, not only an ample fortune, but also I what to him is more highly prized), the unbounded confidence and lo\e and esteem of all ;vho ha\e come within the range of his influence. ADLAI THOiMAS EWING, CHICAGO, ILL, THE subject of this sketch is descemled from Scotch-Irish ancestors. His parents, Jno. Wallis Ewing and Maria McClellan Stevenson, were natives of North Carolina, but for man\- years resided in Christian county, Kentucky. In 1833 they became residents of McLean county, Illinois, where Adlai Thomas was born on the 5th day of I""ebruary, 1846. Mr. Ewing's father was a man of marked personality and great force of character. His mother was the grand-niece of Doctor Ephraim Bre\ard, the author of the Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence, w hich was the first renunciation of British authorit\- by American colonists. Mr. I'^wing is the \-oung. est of a family of five sons and one daughter. and is a spleiulitl illustration of the possibili- ties under American institutions, opened to c\-ery young man ol intelligence, integrit}- antl energy. He was educated at the Illinois State Normal University, studied law in Bloomington, Illinois, with his eldest brother, the Hon. James S. Ewing, and was admitted to the bar in 1868. The same year he commenced the practice of his profession in Chicago, and since that time has been an ac- li\e anil able member of the Chicago bar. Three of Mr. I'.wing's brothers, James S., William G. and Henry .\., are lawyers of acknowledged ability, and for many \ears ii.ive occupied leading posi- tions at the bar of Illinois and Kansas. lUOGRAFlIICAL PICTIOXAKV A.\n PO/^TRA/T CAI.LERV. 781 Alth()ui,'li Mr. Kwinj,', from his carl\ manlintario, and the other resides with our subject in Chicago. His father's death, which occurred in 18.S7, was the first death in a family of eight brothers and sisters since 1S13, a remarkable instance of family longevity. Dr. Copeland was educated in the common schools of Upper Canada, said to be the most per- fect common-school system in the world, and in the St. Catharines Academy. In 1872 he was grad- uated at McGill Medical College, Montreal, and went abroad to acquire clinical instruction in the hospitals of Europe. He studied in St. Thomas Hospital of London, also in the Berkshire Hos- pital for one year. Returning to Canada, his father influenced him to remain there, and he opened an office in his native town, and succeeded in building up a large and lucrative practice. But the advantages and opportunities of a small city were not sufficient to satisfy his ambition, and consequently, about 1879, '^^^ removed to Chicago, and was soon afterward appointed one of the at- tending physicians at the dispensary of the Col- lege of Physicians and Surgeons. At the present time (1892^ he is professor of anatomy in the Chi- cago College of Dental Surgery, and examining physician for the Chosen Friends. He is a mem- ber of the American Medical Society, the Chicago 782 niOGKAI'lIICAI. DICTIOXARY A.\D I'ORTRAIT (iALLKRV. ,Mcdical Society, and tlu- Chicago I'alliDloLjical Society. He is a mcinbcr of the ricsb\tcriaii Church. A Republican in political belief, he is yet non-parti- san, and in castintj his ballot has ret^ard for prin- ciple and men rather than party. From youth up, he lias possessed remarkable equanimity of demeanor and a full command nf nerve, and is thereby peculiarly adapted for the practice of medicine. A man of excellent principles, he is held in high esteem, especially by those who know him best. Althout^h one of the old-school, orthoilo.x ])ractitioners, he is entirel}' free from prejudice in his attitude towartl the rejiresentatixcs of other schools of medicine. In 1S76 he was married to Miss May St. Jcihn, an accomplished and popular lady, the daut;hter of the late Samuel St. John, a well- known citizen of St. Catharines, Ontario. Mrs. Copeland is a sister of J^rofessor L. St. John, one of the founders of the Collci^e of Physi- cians and Surgeons of Chicago. The\- ha\e twn daughters, aged, respectively, nine and sixteen years. JAMES W. TUOHV, CHICAGO, ILL. Tl 1 M remarkable success of him whose name heads this sketch was the result of perse- \'ering and well-directed effort in the line of his nati\-e talents. Me liad a purpose in life, and •worked with a will for its attainment. He was born in Care\\ Ireland, near the Lakes of Kilar- ne_\-, on the (Sth of July, 1849. Me was the son of Edward and I-^lizabeth (Crenini Tuohy. When James was fifteen years of age he came to the L'nited States, whither his father had ]5receded him some years. The mother, now se\'cnt_\--three years of age, resides at Utica, I.a .Salle count}-, Illinois, where our subject passed his boyhood. He received such education as the district school afforded, and at an early age accepted a clerkship in the dry-goods store of Mr. Dennis Lynch, of L'tica. From LUica he remoxed to .Streator, where he was in the emplo}' of 1). lleenan and Company. The ne.\t step in his successful career was to enter into partnership with Mr. F. Shields, of Braidwood, Illinois, under the firm-name of F. Shields and Company, and where he developed remarkable a]ititude for mercantile pursuits. In 1S73, when but twenly-four years of age, he pur- chased Mr. Shields' interest, assuming full con- trol of the business. A little later he established a second store, at Wilmington, Illinois, both of which he conducted with great success, winning for himself the title of the " ho\- merchant." Desiring a witler field of operations he disposed of his business at Braidwood and Wilmington in 1880, and removed to Chicago, locating in the West Division of the city. He opened a store at the corner of Madison and Peoria streets, where he continued until 1883, and then pur- chased from Carson, I'irie, .Scott and (."ompan\- their dry-goods establishment at the corner of Clark and Erie streets, on the North siile. This was conducted as a department store, and under his able management came to rank among the leading retail houses of the Northwest. The encouragement Mr. Tuoh\- had received thus far in his business causetl him to further extend his field of operations, .\ccordingly. in 1886 he opened a store, in a buikling designed and erected especially for his use, at the corner of Madison and Wood streets. Upon the removal of Messrs. Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company from the West Side in the spring of 1877, I\Ir. Tiiohy, with characteristic foresight, secured their former stand on West Madison street. The department store which he opened there became one of the most extensi\e in the city. This immense establish- ment, together with his other three stores, he conducted with marked ability anil eminent suc- cess until liis decease, which occurretl June y. 1890. .Stricken down in tile prime of his man- hood .nul in the midst of prosjicrity, when long- cheiished hojjes were being realized, his early death was a >^hoek to his i-xtensive circle of busi- ness friends who had |)redicteil for him still greater achiexenunts, ,ind to his immediate laniily an irrejiarable loss. i\Ir. Tuoh}' enjoyed the reputation, both in Chicago and throughout the B/OCRAI'/t/C.U. D/CTIOX.IU'V AXD rORTKAlT uALLEIiV. 785 Xorthwcsl. of being careful. fai-sii;litcil and shrewd in tlie conduct of his ou n affairs, ami up- right and honorable in dealing with others. On October 6, 1874, Mr. Tuohy was married to Mi.ss Nellie Cavanaugh, of Ottawa. Illinois, who survives him. Mrs. Tuohy is a woman of unusual executive ability. Such was the confidence re- posed in her by Mr. Tuohoy that he made her his sole executrix, and in the succes.sful manage- ment of the estate she has proved herself most worthy of the charge. She is a graceful, attract- ive woman, and an agreeable, bright conversation- alist. The remainder of the family consists of one daughter, Mary Elizabeth, twelve years of age, an e.xtremely bright, beautiful girl, who promises much as an accomplished woman ; James \V., aged ten : Walter Grant, aged five ; Arthur Cavanaugh, aged two, ami I'aul, the baby of the family, making a hai)py group of bright, intelligent children. He was a good husband, kind father, and staunch friend ; he was conscientious and gener- ous, contributing largely to the advancement of Christianity. To deserving cliarities his hand was always open, as many representatives of Chicago's churches and institutions can testify; witty, fond of a joke, and hospitable in his home, he took an unusual interest in and devoted much time to the welfare and advancement of his chil- dren. To those who knew his worth he needs no eulogy: speech cannot express the love of his friends. The flowers of Calvary cemetery now bloom and fade over that epitome of all that is mortal engraven upon the plate of the casket. CHARLES WARRINGTON EARLE, A.M., M.D. CHICAGO, ILL. ATKII. yc 30th, 1639. W'c, wiiose names are underwritten, doe acknowledge our- selves the legel subjects of his majestic, King Charles, and in his name doe hereby bind our- selves into a civill body politicke, unto his lawes according to matters of justice." .-\mong the twenty-nine names affixed to this quaint document which appears in the records of Portsmouth. Rhode Island, is to be found that of one Ralph Earle. Ralph Earle was an English- man, who with his wife, Joan, came from E.xeter in 1634, and founded a family which is to-day conspicuous in mercantile and professional life in every State of the Union. Sprung from this stock, and of it an honored branch, is Charles Warrington Earle, born in Westford, Vermont, .\pril 2, 1845. When he was nine years old his father, Moses L. Earle, removed from Vermont to Lake county, Illinois. Mr. Earle was an ambi- tious farmer, and his son experienced all the ad- vantages, as well as the disadvantages of being "a farmer's boy." His early education was much retarded and interrupted by the demands of farm work, yet the strength and endurance gained in the fields more than made up for it in after years. For seven years he labored, dividing his time between the farm and the school-room When the first call for volunteers came in the war of the rebellion, this sixteen-year-old boy was ready to oflfer such an amount of brawn, muscle and enthusiasm as would have done honor to many a man. Persuading his father to allow him to enlist, he became a member of the Fifteenth Illinois Volunteer Infantrv', w^hich was mustered into service in the summer of 1861. This regi- ment was enlisted for " three months' service," but when the recruits reached Freeport they were informed that enough " three months' men " had already been sent on, and that they could either return to their homes or enlist for three years. It did not take them long to decide, and soon they were attached to Gen. Fremont's corps, then oper- ating in Missouri. In the fall of 1861 our young volunteer was disabled, sent home, and put into the Academy at Hurlington, Wisconsin. In the spring of 1862, unable to resist the call of Presi- dent Lincoln for three hundred thousand men, he enlisted in the Ninety-sixth Regiment of Illinois Volunteer Infantry. This regiment, under the command of Gen. Gordon Granger, was first em- ployed to guard the cities of the Ohio from the threatened attacks of Gen. John Morgan. It began active service in Tennessee under Gen. Ro-;ccrans. At Franklin. Tennessee. Orderly- 7S6 lUOGliAI'HICAL DICTIOXARV AXP PORTRAIT r.AI.LERY. scr-alist, possessing dignity, courtesy and ease of manner, who settled in New Brunswick in 1784, and whose Mrs. Coleman is a true helpmeet to her husband sons occupicil pr.)minent government positions, in his literary and scientific labors. CHARLES ELI JUDSON. CHIC.\(;0. ILL. CHAR1J:S I-:LI JUDSON. president and engineer of the Consumers', Hyde Park and Lake Gas companies of Chicago, was born at Prattsburg. New York, December 21, 1843, and is the son of Aaron and Sophronia (Mason) Judson. He is descended from William Judson, who with his family left Yorkshire, England, in the year 1634. and settled in Stratford, Connecticut, where some of his lineal descendents .still reside on the old homestead. William Judson was closely identified with the early history of Har- vard College. During the past twent\-five decades the Judson family has contributed many sons to the Christian ministry, notably the Rev. Dr. Adoniran Judson, the missionary to Burmah. Mr. Judson was about fi\e years of age when his father, a Presbyterian clergyman, accepted a call to the Second Presbyterian Church of Oswego, New York. He was strongly anti-slavery and prf)-temperance in his views, and identified him- self prominently with the leaders of both causes, lecturing through the country and writing forcible articles for the papers in defense of his convic- tions. He was noted as an eloquent and con- vincing speaker. He died August 21, 1852, be- fore he could witness the abolition of that system of slavery which he had so strongly denounced in the pulpit, on the platform and in the press. He left his widow and two sons in only moderate circumstances. In the following s])ring young Judson was sent to a boarding school at Sand Lake, New York, and in four years was reaily to enter college, but owing to his youth was denied admission until the following year, 1858, when he entered the sophomore class of Union College at Schenectady, New York, and graduated in July, 1861, in his eighteenth year. His favorite studies in college were engineering and chemistry, and those preferences undoubtedly had much to do with his later business experiences. Immediately after graduation Mr. Judson re- turned to Oswego, and engaged in the drug busi- ness. Six months' experience of this, however, was enough, and the spring of 1862 found him a member of the firm of Bolles and Judson, located at Albany, New York, engaged in the manufac- ture and wholesale jobbing of paper. They con- ducted this business successfully until the fall of 1S65, when the firm sold out and engaged in the drilling of oil wells at Pithole, Pennsylvania. They met with success in this, but dissolved partnership in January, 1866, and Mr. Judson went to Savannah, Georgia, where he organized the Southern Wrecking and Submarine Company, became its vice-president and engineer, and made a contract with the city of Savannah for the re- moval from the Sa\annah river of the obstruc- tions which had been placed there during the late civil war. This contract was very profitable in its early stages, but owing to a disagreement arising between the United States Treasury De- partment and the municipal authorities of Savan- nah, the company suspended operations and sold out at a great personal loss. In the fall of 1866 Mr. Judson went to Scran- ton, Pennsylvania, and accejited the position of treasurer and engineer of the Scranton Gas and Water Company, where he remained uninter- ruptedl)- for seventeen years. In the fall of 1883 he was tendered the position of president and engineer of the Consumers' Gas, Fuel and Light Company of Chicago, just then complet- ing its plant. He accepted the position and moved to Chicago. On the failure of this cor- poration he was appointed its receiver, and subse- 790 BIOGIiAPHICAL DIcriOXARY A.XD PORTRAIT GALLERY. qucntly became the presitiLiit ami engineer of the Consumers' Gas Company, which succeeded to the property of the former corporation. In the spring of 1887 he became president and engineer of the Hyde Park ami Lake Gas companies also. In the fail of 1872 Mr. Judson associated him- self with Thos. J. I'^islicr, of Laramie, Wyoming, under the firm name of Judson and Fisher, in the cattle and sheep raising business, and has since that time, under different firm names, continued in the same business. He is undoubtedly en- titled to recognition as being one of the earliest established ranchmen in that portion of Wyoming. Mr. Judson was married August 23, 1877, to Miss Mary Spencer Black, only daughter of Robert T. Black, of Scranton, Pennsylvania. In religious matters Mr. Judson is a Presby- terian, and in politics a Republican. He has ne\'cr held public office. RALPH S. AND ROBERT L. GREENLEE, CHICAGO, ILL. RALPH STEBBINS and ROBERT LEM- UEL GREENLEE were born in Sum- merhill township, Crawford county, Pennsylvania. They are of Scotch and English extraction. The Greenlee family were Covenanters, and were driven from Scotland in 1684, on account of their religious belief, and settled in Maryland, whence they emigrated to Crawford county, Pennsylva- nia. Their father, Edmund Greenlee, was born March 31, 181 1, and is still living in the old fam- ily homestead near Meadville, Pennsyh-ania — a strong man physically and mentally. Their mother was Mary (Stebbin.s) Greenlee, of linglish descent. Her ancestors immigrated to America in 1633, and settled at Springfield, Massachusetts. Thence they moved to Crawford county, Pennsyl- vania, where she met Edmund Greenlee, to whom she was married in 1833. On April 13, 1838, the twins, Ralph and Robert, were born. From their earliest infanc)' there was great diffi- culty in distinguishing one from the other, so much were they alike in looks, forms and manner. They were sent to school, and given the best edu- cation afforded in the common and graded .schools of the district, until the}- were nineteen years okl, when the}- began assisting their father, who at that time was conducting an extensive dairy business. He was a man of considerable inventive genius, and he devised and manufac- tured machinery for making all of his own cheese boxes and butter kegs. At the age of twenty- five, in 1 863, the sons left the farm and remo\ed to Chicago, to start in business on their own ac- count. Making use of their mechanical skill. acquired while working with their father, the)' opened a cooper shop, employing machinery in their work. Thisaroused the ire and concerted opposition of the western coopers, for they ob- jected to any departure from the methods of their forefathers. The opposition was met boldly and firmly, and finally overcome, and the firm of Greenlee Brothers were duly prosperous. From this beginning they drifted into the man- ufacture of wood working machinery, making a specialty of the highest grades known, and con- stantly adding new inventions and methods until the Greenlee machines have become famous with manufacturers in wood all over the world. Im- mediately after the great fire of 1871, they re- mo\'ed to their present quarters on \\'est Twelfth street, where, in addition to the manufacture of wood-working machinery, they establi.shed in 1883 the Northwestern Stove Repair Company, the largest concern of its kind in the world, of which Mr. Robert L. Greenlee is president, and Mr. Ralph S. Greenlee is \ice-president and trea.s- urer. Here also, in 1886. they established two large foundries, under the corporate name of (ireenlee P'oundry Compan}-, with Mr. Robert L. Greenlee, president, and Ralph S. Greenlee, vice- president and treasurer. Their business of manu- facturing machinery is conducted under the cor- porate name of Greenlee Brothers & Compan\-, with Ralph S. Greenlee, president, and Robert L. Greenlee, \ice-president and treasuier. They have recenth- (1892) purchased the old established stove business of Collins & Burgie. which they re- organized and incorporated, with Ralph S. Green- \ ^'-t.-oe,..^,. ^^Z-^^^^^^^^^l^ BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXAIiV AXP PORTRAIT CAI.I.ERV. 793 k-c, president, and Robert L. Greenlee, vice-presi- dent and treasurer, and located at Marengo, Illi- nois, about sixtj- miles from Chicago. Their main office is in Chicago. Mr. Ralph S. Greenlee married on l-'ebru- ar\' 15, 1866, Miss Elizabeth Ikooks, resident of Chicago, but a nati\e of Eastern Canada. Her father, Mr. William Brooks, was for many years a resident of Sherbrook, Canada, and one of the leading spirits of the conservative go\-crnment of the Dominion. They have one child: IMiss Ger- trude, an accomplished j-oung lady. On April 11, 1867, Mr. Robert L. Greenlee married Miss Emily Brooks, a sister of his broth- er's wife. They have three children : William Brooks Greenlee, now ( 1892) in his junior \car at Cornell Universit}'; Miss Grace Greenlee, who was graduated in 1891 from Ogontz, Philadelphia, and Miss Isabel Greenlee, who is now in her sec- ond year at the same school. Their politics are Republican, antl the\- are staunch believers in the principles of their ])arty. They contribute generously to all worthy chari- ties, and are unusually liberal in their contribu- tions to educational institutions, believing that the education of the people will remove man\- of their ills. Nor is their view of education limited to the narrow routine of the school or lecture- room. The}' have been careful students of men and events, and b\' extensive travels at home and in foreign lands, they have acquired a most valu- able fund of knowledi/'-'. Few .\mericans are more conversant with the wonders and beauties of the world than thev. Their first extensive travels abroad began in 1883, when Mr. Ralph S. Greenlee, with his family, who always accompany him in his travels, made a thorough tour of Old .Mexico and Europe, lasting thirteen months, and he has but recently returned, with his wife and daughter, from a tour of the world, lasting eigh- teen months. During this last trip they spent three months in Japan and China, v isiting the in- terior of both countries, ami v\ent all through India and the Island of Ceylon, .Egypt and Tur- ke\-, and made a tour of Palestine. Mr. Robert L. Cireenlee and his familv" have traversed the same countries, except Japan ami East India. In stature thev' are five feet and ten inches in height, and weigh one hundred and eighty-si.x pounds each. They have a commanding pres- ence, well-formed heads which set squarly upon their shoulders, and are men who would attract immediate and respectful audience in any assem- bly. Their eyes are dark and kindly, and have that expression which places the stranger imme- diatelv- at ease in their presence. They are cour- teous, but not effusive, showing in this the true Scotch and Engli.sh conservatism. Their leading characteristics are inbred politeness, kindness and consideration for others, coupled with indomitable will-power, untiring energy, broad liberality and uncompromising honesty. Their fortunes have been fairly gained, ami stand proud monuments of their sturdv manhood and genius. MAJOR GEORGE M. BARBOUR. ciiic.'\(;c), ILL. THERE is nothing more interesting to a stu- dent of human nature than to trace the career of a man who, endowed with energy and ambition, enters boldly into the struggle, of life and makes for himself a high place in the busv world. Such a man is the subject of this sketch. He was born in 1844 in western New York, and comes of a family distinguished in the historv' of Vermont and \'irginia, and is the son of Bomeroy J. and Eunice (Henry) Barbour -the latter being a niece of ex-Governor Eeonard, a prominent statesman, lie spent his youth in Batavia, New \'ork, and in Boston, Massachusetts, and was educated at Hobart College, Geneva, New York. Naturalh' of a roving disposition, the ships of Boston harbor had great attraction for young Barbour, ami at the age of fourteen j'ears he ran away from home, and made a runawav' trip to South America and the West Indies, the voyage covering si.x months. He returned with a more confirmetl desire for adventure, but the rough life of a sailor had no further charms for him. This tiesire, however, was soon to be gratified in the ■94 niOGRAFHICAL DICTIONARY AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. stirring cvoiits of the War of the Rebellion, and three daj's after the call of President Lincoln for men in April, 1861, he, witli many others, was marching down Broadway. New York city, going to the front in defence of the Union, having en- listed as a private in the 'rwent}--second Regi- ment New York Volunteers, infantry. He was seventeen years old at that time. He was present at the armed occupation of Baltimore under General Butler; the capture of Harper's Ferry, and the famous battle of Bull Run. In this service, his desire for action ;ind a life of adventure had full swaw and when his term of enlistment expired he immediately re-enlisted as second lieutenant in the h'ourth Regiment New York Cavalry. He saw a great deal of active service wjth his company and in the battle of Kelley's Ford, February 17, 1865, his senior lieu- tenant (Domingues) being killed, he commanded his company and was promoted for bra\ery and meritori- through his efforts they were modified. In all the penal institutions in the State the dictates of a higher humanity now prevail. His literature on the subject of prisons and prison dis- cipline is preserved, and has a pl.ice with such and kindred literature, and many nf the principles thus early advocated by him are now approxed and in force. He is the author, and secured the passage in the legislature of the " Habitual Criminal Act," the workings of which have been salutory in controlling the habitual and dangerous criminal classes. In 1886 he framed and secured the pas- sage in the Legislature of the "Police Pension Bill," which is admitted by the highest police and other authorities to be a wise and beneficial measure. He has received merited jjublic recog- nition for his sagacity and jjliilanthropic motives in what he has ilone to better the coiulition of his fellow -men in such and other waj's. He, of course, has mingletl in politics, but not of the politicaster order, but higher and better politics, which should enlist the interest and efforts of every true and patriotic citizen. He is original and stateman-like in what he proposes and dis- poses in his political movements. In 1880 there was a close and hard-fought contest in this State in the canvass to select a candidate for the presi- dential nomination 'oy the Republican party. It was •' Grant or Blaine," so far as this State was concerned, with Grant in the lead, and his friends disposed to overide and ignore all opposition. It was Major Southworth, a delegate from the then Fourth Congressional District, who moved in the Congressional district sub-convention to nom- inate two delegates to the State convention for election to the national convention; who moved that the district convention elect two delegates direct and issue credentials to the national con- vention, which was done, and the delegates ad- mitted. It is believed that this is the first in- stance on record of such action. It was sub- sequently agitated and tried in New York and other States, and adopted by the National Re- publican Committee. The conception was Major Southworth's. and is considered a cure for some political evils of tyrannical bossism, and is there- fore a salutor\' reform in political methods. This was but in keeping with his general reform in- clinations in other directions. A few years ago he came to Chicago, and en- gaged in the practice of the law with General John F. F'arnsworth, the former colonel of the Eighth Illinois Cavalry, and continued two years, since which time he has been alone, successfully en- gaged in general practice. He has prosecuted and defended in some im- portant litigations, which he has generally carried to a result in favor of his clients. One of the celebrated cases was the Joseph C. Mackin ballot- forgery, which Mr. Southworth worked up to a successful culmin.ition, and the criminals. Mackin and Gallagher, served terms in the penitentiary as punishment. To enumerate all the imjiortant cases he has been associated with since he has been in practice would require too much space; sufifice it to sa}-, he has been successful and con- tinues to be. He pos.sesses the essential elements in the make- up of his character— capacity and individuality. li/ouix.iruK.u. />/c/7(>.\.iu)- ./.\/» roi^n\ the larm; he returned and continued his schooling at the academy at Amsterdam, and later, at lMaid /•OA'TA'.l/r C.AI.I.IIRY. 799 cases lia\c invoked larye aiiioimts ami intricate (|uestioiis both of law anil fact. lie was married in 1865 to Miss Mar\- J. \\\- ford, second daughter of the late Dr. Win. H. Hyford. one of the most distinguished of west- ern ])hysicians, and their uni\iulicatc, knew 11 as the United States Hrewing C()mi)an\ . Hav- ing amassed a handsome fortune Mr. liraml, \\\h\\\ selling his brewing interests; retired from active business, and lives in elegance and comfort, enjoy- ing the fruits of his labors and disi)ensing gener- ous hospitality, in his home at No. 32 Cedar street. Mr. Hrand's life has been one nf acti\it)- and influence, and he has been called to nunierous im- portant positions of trust, in all nf which he has fulfilled his duties in a manner alike cretlitahle ti> himself and to the satisfaction of his constituents. He was a member of the general assembly of Illinois for the years 1862-63 and ten years later, 1S73-74, rejiresented the nineteenth ward of Chicago in the coninmn council. 11 is official con- duct was that of an upright, honorable busines.s- man, and he retired from his office as he had en- tered — with the confidence, respect and esteem of his fellow-citizens. He was one of the stockholders of the Inter-State Exposition Compan}-, of Chi- cago, and is now (1892) a director of the Inter- national Hank of Chicago; also a member of the Hoard of Traile since 1882. I le is a man of fine social (|ualities, and loves good fellowship, and heartily enjoys the com- panionship of his friends. He is a member of the Ccrmania Society, and also of the Iroquois Club. From his extensive travels, both in this and foreign countries, he has ac(|uired a \ast fund of valuable information, ami is an interesting talker. His political affiliations have, as a rule, been with the Democratic jiaity. In religious faith he is a Protestant, and holds liberal views, asking for himself that perfect free- dom of tliouglit which he cheerful!)- \-ields to others. Mr. Hrand was married in 1859 ^o Miss Philli- pena Darmstaetter, a daughter of Mr. Michael Darm.staetter, a prominent brewer of Detroit, Michigan. Mrs. Brand is a woman of refined and cultivated tastes, and presides with true \\oinanl\- grace over her happy home. In personal appearance Mr. Hrand is somewhat below the medium height, of a robust build and fair complexion. Mis success is the result of persis- tent effort, careful business methods and judicious inxestments. HON. FRANCIS A. HOFFMANN, JR. CHICAGO, ILL. WITH a large and increasing practice, the firm of Brandt & Hoffmann has the unique distinction of being the oldest law firm in the city of Chicago. Both members of the fnni are well known and able lawyers, in the prime of physical strength and mental vigor. Francis A. Hoffmann, Jr., is about forty-five years of age, having been born December 26, 1845, at Addison, Du Page county, Illinois. His father was a clergyman of the Evangelical Luther- an Church, well versed in the classic authors of (ireece and Rome and in moilern literature. Having, through ill health, given up his pastorate in the church, he became one of the founders of the Republican ])arty, and was elected Lieutenant- (jovernor of Illinois. (Governor Yates, in his message to the legislature, January 2, 1865, says of him: "I cannot fail hereto refer in kindness and gratitude to Lieut.-Governor Hoffmann, wlm has been my constant adviser and counselor, and who has acted as governor in my absence with great ability and efficiency." His mother was C\nthia, lu'c Gilbert, a descentlant of the 1 luguenots, who left France soon after the Revo- cation of the Rdicl iif Nantes, in 16S5. When k'raiicis was onl\- li\e \-ears old his l)arents removed to Chicago, where, with the ex- ception of his school days, he has resided ever since. His elementary education he received at a private school and at the academy, Bloomfield, New Jersey. At thirteen years of age he was entered at Wheaton College as freshman, and remained two years, giving evidence at that early age of both ability and application. He then went to Knox College where he was graduated in the class of 1865 with the degree of A. M. Having decided to fit himself for the legal l)rofession, he entered the law department of Michigan L'nivcrsit_\-, and devoted himself to the study of law. His ability, application and 8o4 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARV AXD PORTRAIT GALLERY. advancement was sucli tli.it he was admitted to practice in March, 1867. He was also admitted to the bar in this State the following month, and has been actively engaged here ever since in the practice of his profession. In order to gain a thorough knowledge of law, Mr. Hoffmann con- nected himself with the distinguished firm of McAllister, Jewett & Jackson, of Chicago. When, in 1868, that partnership was dissolved, the firm became McAllister & Hoffmann, and continued until Mr. McAllister was raised to the bench in 1869. The fact of having been student and partner of so able a jurist as the late Judge McAllister is sufficient guarantee of Mr. Hoff- mann's high standing at the bar. In the Spring of 1869, the 3'oung lawyer became a member of the firm of Harris, Hall & Hoffmann, but in the fall of the same year he left that firm and entered into a partnership with Mr. Geo. W. Brandt, which still continues under the title of Brandt & Hoffmann and is now the oldest law firm in Chi- cago. Mr, Brandt is the author of a legal work on " Suretyship and Guaranty " which has attracted much attention and received very high encomiums from the profession both in this country and abroad. As a lawyer Mr. Hoffmann is a man of great in- dustry and of extensive knowledge. He is pains- taking and exact in his preparation of a case, simple and laconic in his statement of facts and clear and logical in his deductions. With an ex- cellent know-ledge of the principles of law, he is ready and exact in their application. His ease, fluency and grace of expression, combined with a thorough mastery of his subject, render him an able advocate and a great power both with judge and jury. He seldom uses the art of rhetoric, but when he does his sentences glow with beauty of expression and originality of thought and sparkle with wit. In discharge of his professional duties, he .sets for himself a high standard of ethics and adheres to it rigidly. If any of his brethern at the bar forget the usual courtesies of the pro- fession, gentlemanly but severe chastisement will most certairil}' follow. The practice of the firm is principally litigated cases. The celebrated and well-known fne insurance case of Huchberger, which was trieil in the United States Court, before Judges Drummond, Dyer, Davis and Blodgett, and in which such men as Gen. U. F. Linder, Emory A. Storrs, Thomas A. Hoyne, Wni. K. .McAllister ex-Judge Knowlton, Robert Hervey, ex-Judge Waite and others were engaged, was one of the many famous cases won by Mr. Hoffmann. In politics, Mr. Hoffmann is a Democrat, active, earnest and uncompromising. When only twenty- one years old he declined a nomination as repre- sentative to the General Assembly of Illinois, but his work was so able in support of the ticket that he received the name of "The Boy Orator. " He seeks no ofifice and has accepted such onl}' in the interest of his party. When the Board of Elec- tion Commissioners was formed. Judge I'render- gast named Mr. Hoffmann as one of its three members. He was chosen first president of the board. During the first six months of the board's existence, he sacrificed that period of his life to its organization, and much of its good work is due to the forms and methods introduced by him at that time. The motto of the board : " To avoid ignorance, know the law; to avoid penalty, obey the law;" was furnished by Mr. Hoffman. Me re- signed his position at the end of six months and was appointed soon after Corporation Counsel by the Hon. Carter-H. Harrison, then mayor. He re- signed this position to accept, under President Cleveland, the office of United States Appraiser, which position he held for fifteen months, and then resigned it. Every means was used by the Hon. Daniel Manning to induce him to retain the position, which he had filled with great satisfac- tion to the public and many and high encomiums were expressed by individuals and by the press touching his ability and success in the discharge of the onerous and difficult duties of his office. Before he resigned he formed the plan and origin- ated the " Board of General Appraisers," the mem- bers of which form a court of final appeal ranking as high as our Circuit Court judges. The i)lan was adopted and has worked excellently. The Hon. De Witt C. Cregier, m,-\yor of Chicago in 1889, appointed Mr. Hoffmann Cit_\- Collector, an office which he filled with credit to him.self and benefit to the people. In the discharge of the duties of these offices, he never allowed them to break up his law practice which has gone on uninterrupt- edly and continues to-day. Mr.lloffmann's success both in his profession and in pulilic office is largel\- due to his business method, power of organization and the happy BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY AXP rORTRAIT GALLERY. 805 faculty which he has f his attainments. Vigilant, zealous and industrious ; how could he be otherwise than successful ? A perfect command of the English language, com- bined with histrionic ability of a high order, has placed Theodore G. Case by the .side of the finest American orators. In illustration he is peculiarly happy, and vision, personification, hyperbole, simile, contrast and antitheses succeed each other in rich and varied profusion. His manner and ac- tion are energetic, without verging on extravagance. Mr. Case was born in Castleton, Rensselaer county. New York, July 13, 1853. He was pre- pared for college at the Collegiate Institute, New- ton, New Jersey, after which he entered the Uni- versity of .Michigan, took a special course, and graduated in July, 1870, having conferred upon him the degree of pharmaceutical chemist. Upon his graduation he became interested with several New York capitalists, and was by them sent, with others, to construct the Houston and Great Northern Railroad, of Texas, in which employ- ment he was engaged until 1873, when he re- turned to New York city. In the fall of the same year he commenced the study of law, with Messrs. Lum and Babbitt, at Jersey City, New Jersey. Remaining with this firm two years, he then en- tered the law school of the University of the City of New York, meanwhile attending as a student at the law office of the Hon. William M. Evarts. Immediately after graduating he engaged in gen- eral practice in New York City, but making a specialty of corporation business, remaining in that city until April, 1878, at which time he went to Green Bay, Wisconsin, to enter upon the duties of general counsel of the Green Bay and Min- nesota Railroad Company, to which position he had accepted an appointment. Ujjon the re- organization of this railroad company into the Green Bay, Winona and St. Paul Railroad, he was elected, on June 7, 1881, its general solicitor. In April, 1884, he was retained by the bond- holders of the St. Louis, Hannibal and Keokuk Railroad Company, to foreclose a mortgage on the railroad of that company in the United States circuit court at St. Louis, Missouri. Owing to the onerous duties involved in the foreclosure suit, Mr. Case resigned his position as general attorney of the Green Bay, Winona .nnd St. Paul Railroad Company, in March, 1885, and moved to St. Louis, engaged in the general practice of his pro- fession in that city, and attended to the foreclos- ure suit against that compan)-. which, after a great legal fight, in which were arrayed against him many of the great legal celebrities of the south and west, he succeeded in obtaining a judgment against that railroad company for more than a million dollars. During his residence in Missouri he was associated in the trial of several cases with the late Hon. B. Gratz Brown, ex-United Senator from Missouri. In May, 1S86, Mr. Case removed to Chicago, 8o6 BrOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY A.\D FORTRAIT GALLERY. where he has continued to reside ever since. Since his advent in Chicago, he has been counsel for the complainant in the celebrated Bowman divorce case, which has attracted so much atten- tion among the legal fraternity throughout the United States. In the defense of Peter Madden, who was indicted upon what is know in Illinois as "the habitual criminal act," he raised legal points in his defense which completely revolutionized the practice in the criminal courts of Chicago, by compelling the prosecution to try prisoners at or before the second term after their commitment to the county jail. The Chicago Times, the fol- lowing daj-, in mentioning the case, said : " The State's attorney was surprised, and a jail delivery almost took place, so many prisoners were re- leased under Mr. Case's legal points." His de- fense in the celebrated case of Henry Schwartz, who was charged, in connection with Newton Watt, with the murder of Kellogg Nichols, the express messenger on the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific railroad, and for the robbery of the safe of the United States Express Company, con- taining $22,000, was a masterpiece. The trial, which took place in Morris, the county seat of Grundy county, in March and April, 1887, lasted for six weeks, and will be known and pass into history as one of the most remarkable trials on circumstantial evidence on record. The prosecu- tion was conducted with a spirit and energy sel- dom witnessed. Mr. Case was the leading coun- sel for the defense. His cross-examination of the witnesses for the prosecution was most searching and effectvial, and during the progress of the trial he displayed the greatest legal acumen ; his re- sources were most fertile ; he grappled all the dif- ficulties of the situation with facility and boldness ; he pushed every argument to the uttermost. His closing address, which was of four hours' dura- tion, was brilliant, eloquent and fervid. At the time of the opening, the excitement was tremen- dous; hundreds of people were turned away from the court room for lack of space ; the aisles, benches, chairs and windows were packed almost to suffocation. He was, at times, eloquent, ])athetic and logical ; he spoke with keen antl cutting satire upon the character of the witne.sses for the prosecution, and the great danger of convicting on circumstantial evidence. The tenacity of mem- ory, the acuteness and accuracy of hearing and observation of the w itnesses. were commented on with the most sagacious skill. He showed him- self to be an advocate, uniting the rare gift of oratory with the most convincing logic— a thor- ough knowledge of human affairs. He aroused the emotions of all present, and held the court, jury and auditors spell-bound hour after hour. The peroration drew tears from the eyes of more than half the vast audience in the court room. It was a very able, touching and pathetic appeal for mercy. It is conceded that Mr. Case's brilliant, skillful and powerful defense .saved his client from the gallows. The fact that Mr. Case has been identified with criminal cases must not be sup- posed to mean that he has no abilitites as a civil lawyer ; on the contrary, as we have already shown, some of the most difficult cases, involving the most important and intricate legal questions ever tried in Wisconsin and Missouri, were con- ducted by him, as were many of the reported cases adjudicated in the federal courts. Mr. Case is not merely a brilliant advocate, learned in the law and deeply skilled in its dialectics : in the less showy walks of his profession he is uncommonly powerful. Whether drudging at the business of his office as a common law attorney and equity pleader, or shining as a leader in a great nisi prills cause, he is equally admirable, ever ready and perfectly suited to the place he is filling. He has but one rule, a thorough preparation of the evidence and law of every case, diligence in en- forcing both, with the tone, manner and conduct of a gentleman. He is not only a great huvyer, but a brilliant advocate, combining the dual qualities of both. The greater the occasion, the greater his capacity to master it. Among other cases in which Mr. Case has been successful, was the acquittal of Harvey Gurley, who was indicted for kidnapping Annie Red- mond ; the recovery of $40,000, this being the largest jiersonal injury verdict ever given in this country : the securing of the divorce for 'I . P. Keefe from his wife, where she was found guilty of adultery ; the acquittal of Theodore Sutter, who was charged with murdering Henry Romag, and many other prominent cases. Mr. Case was the author and instigator of the short-cau.se calendar bill, and is at present the senior member of the well known law firm of Case, Hudd and Hogan, who occupy elegant offices in the Ouinlan block. INDEX. Adams, John 204 | Allen, Gordon \V 395 Allerton, Samuel \V 281 Altgeld. John P ■• 2/8 Anderson, James C 172 Andrews. Alexander B 563 Armour, Philip 1) . . . 5 Ashcraft. Edwin M 57 Aver>-, Daniel J 236 Ayer, Benjamin F 726 Baines, Oscar O 755 Baker, William T 722 Banning. Ephraim 220 Barber, Hiram 645 Barbour, George M 793 Barnard, Gilbert W 1 5° Barrett, John P 39 Barrows. Rev. John H 137 Baxter. Lewis T 639 Beidler. Henry 168 Bemis, Henry \" 697 Best. William 294 Billings, Cornelius K. G 265 Block. W. Thomas 461 Bogue. George M 116 Bonney. Charles C 224 Brand, .Michael 802 Brintnall, Solva 120 Bristol, Rev. Frank M 212 Bryan, Thomas B 3^ Bryant, Henry B I97 Buffum, Joseph H 458 Bulloch, Augustus G 517 Burgeit. John M. H 408 Burnhani, Daniel H 86 Butler, Edward B 306 Butler. Julius W 378 Byam, John W 695 Byford, Henry T 340 Byford, William H 316 Byford. William H, Jr 420 Camp, Isaac N 685 Campbell, Benjamin H 428 Case, Theodore O 805 Cass, George W 474 Chalmers. William J 273 Chase. Horace G 594 Cheney, Orlando H 297 Chumasero, John T 336 Chytraus, Axel 640 Clarke, George R 474 Claussenius, Henry 518 Cobb. Henry 1 175 Coburn. Lewis L 532 Coe, Albert L 366 Colby. John A 149 Coleman. W. Franklin 787 Copeland. William L 781 Corwith. Henry 656 Coy, Irus 74 Crane, Charles S 482 Crerar, John 5*^ Cudahy, John 232 Cudahy. Michael 200 Dale, William M 255 Danforlh. Isaac N 190 Davies, Charles F 309 Davis, George R '2 Deering, William 616 Delamater, Nicholas B 609 Dent, Thomas 122 Depew. Chauncey M 449 Dewar, Alexander L 252 Dewey, David B 4° DeWoIf, Calvin 350 DeWolf, Oscar C 1 59 DeYoung, Benjamin R 667 DeYoung. M. H 473 Dexter, Ransom 590 Dickinson. John T 75^ Dixon, Arthur 436 Dolese, John 424 Donnersberger, Joseph 531 Doolittle. James R 82 Doud, Levi B 153 Dunphy, John M 457 Earle, Charles W 785 Eiboeck, Joseph 481 Ennis, Alfred 298 Everingham. Lyman 386 Ewing. Adlai T 780 Exall. Henry 5'° Fairbank, Nathaniel K 740 Farwell.John V 113 Ferguson, Charles H 610 Field, Marshall 100 Fishcll. Albert 643 Fischer. Siegfried M 7''>S Fisk, Franklin W 1S4 Foss. George E 423 Foster, Charles 11 335 Fowler, Anderson 52 Frake, James 329 Freshwaters. Milton K 682 Frost, Charles S 87 Furnas, Robert W 513 Gage, Frank N 432 Gage, Lyman J 8 Gale, Edwin 4°° Gardner, Peter G 677 Gartside, John M 614 Gary, Noah E 529 Cassette, Norman T 208 Giles. Charles K 69 Gillett, Egbert W 374 Gilman. John E 452 Gobel. Elias F 53*^ Goodman. William O 635 Goudy, William C 34 Gould. Elwyn B 277 Grannis. Amos 7^ Grannis, William C. I) 33 Gray, William H 244 Greenlee, R. S. and R. L 79° Greene, Frank C ^ 259 Greene. Frank R 729 Greenfield. Charles E 673 Gresham, Walter q 7> 5 Griswold. Edward P 478 Gross, Samuel E 78 Grosvenor, Lemuel C 4^8 Gunderson, S. T 692 Crunther, Charles F j'o Hamill, Charles D 199 Hamilton, David G 54° Hammer. D. Harry 52^' Harper, John E 548 Harris, N. W 240 Har\ey, Turlington W 39*' Haskell, Loomis P 655 Hatch, Azel F 130 Head, Franklin H 584 Hedges, Samuel P '7^' Henderson, Charles M i34 lienrotin, Charles '44 Henrotin, Fernand loj Herrick, John J 216 Herrick, Roswell Z 497 I lesing, Washington 105 Higgins. Van H A'^ Hill, Lysander 274 Hilliard, Laurin P 322 Hoch, James J f>59 Hoffm.nnn. Jr., Francis A 803 Holdom, Jesse 589 INDEX. Hollistcr, John H 628 Howard. Martin 365 Hullxrt, Alvin 572 Ihirlbul, X'inccnt L 544 Hutchins, Albert E 571 Hutchinson, Charles L 11 Hutchinson, Jonas 148 Jackson. Huntington W 119 Jacobs, Benjamin F 290 Jacobs. William V 597 Janiieson, Malcolm M 61 Jayccx, Elbert E 98 Jeffery, Edward T 708 Jenney, William L 92 Johnson, Charles P 598 Johnson. Hosmer A 194 Johnson. William E. W 730 Jones, J. M. W 522 Jones, Joseph R 14° Jones, Samuel J 164 Judd. Edward J 557 Judson, Charles E 7S9 Kahn, Felix 539 Keith. Edson . . 58 Keith, Elbridge G 15 Kennett, Francis J 514 Kent, Sidney A 126 Kern, Charles 580 Ketcham, James P 759 Ketcham. William P 377 Kimball. Mark 349 King, Henry W 104 King, William F 552 Kirk, James S. . . . 223 Kirk, John B 248 Kistler, Louis 733 Kuh, Abraham 779 Lacey, Edward S 712 Law, William, Jr 445 Lawrence, Edward F 286 Leslie, John H 602 Leiter, Levi Z 321 Leland, Warren F 179 Lindsay, William 419 Ludlam, Reuben 228 Lyman, David B 558 McCormick, Cyrus H 62 McCormick. Cyrus H., Jr 718 McFatrich, James B 390 Mclntyre, Robert 743 McKey, Henry 407 McNeil, Malcom 260 Mahoney, Joseph P 415 Mallcttc, James P 606 Marshall, James D 315 Masscy, George V 501 Mason, William E i6o Mead. Aaron B 362 Millard, Sylvester M 41 1 Miller. John S 717 Mitchell, Clifford 721 Mitchell, Joseph S 490 Moore, James H 404 Moulton, George M 564 Munn, Benjamin M 171 Munn, Daniel W 77 Nathan. Adolph 774 Newman, Jacob 583 Nickerson. Samuel M 18 Norton, James S 305 Noyes, Henry C 483 Odell, John J. P 215 Ogden. Edwy J 772 Otis, E. A 243 Owings, Francis P 777 Palmer, Percival B 247 Palmer, Potter 702 Palmer. Thomas W 416 Payne, John B 799 Pearsons. Daniel K 330 Peck, Ferdinand W 106 Pike, Eugene S 16 Pinkerton, Allan 671 Pluemer, Adolph 463 Porter, Rev. Jeremiah 344 Porter, Willard H 431 Porter, Washington 502 Pratt, Edwin H 746 Pullman, George M 734 Purdy. Warren G 339 Purington. D. V 615 Quick, John H. S 262 Ream, Norman B 22 Remy, Curtis H 494 Rend, William P 28 Revell. Alexander H 486 Reynolds, Henry J 530 Reynolds, Stephen A 509 Rhodes, J. F'oster 632 Rich, Arthur D 561 Robinson, Lewis W 587 Rogers, Henry W 306 Rosenberg, Jacob 389 Rothschild. Abram M 506 Russell, Edward W 44' Saul, George W 7^7 Sawin, George 361 Seeberger, Anthony F 133 Senn, Nicholas 37" Sexton, James A 251 Scales, Frank 1 87 Schintz, Theodore 412 Schneider, George "o Schwab, Charles H 125 Schuyler, Daniel j 797 Scott, Albert G 613 Scott, James W. . .■ 56 Shepard, Jason H 446 Sherman, John H 1 10 Shufeldt, Henry H 442 Silverman, Lazarus 664 Singleton, William F 764 SkifT, Fred J. V 801 Smith, Abner 189 Smith, George T 668 Smith, Willard A 467 Southworth, John M 795 Spalding. Albert G 686 Stearns. William M 663 Steele, D. A. K 435, Stensland, Paul U 624 Stickney. Edward S 620 Stobie, Charles S 555 Streeter, John W 698 Strong, William E 88 Swenie, Denis J 745 Symonds, Henry R 464 Thatcher, Augustus T 674 Thoman, Leroy D 326 Thomasson. Nelson 282 Thompson, William H 266 Thorpe, John 725 Tobey. Frank B 704 Tousley, Orson V 547 Truax, Charles 256 Tucker, Henry S 382 Tuohy. James W 782 Tuthill, Richard S 129 Van Inwagen, James 636 Vocke, William 568 Wacker, Charles H 648 Wacker, Frederick 646 Wadsworth. Francis L 498 Walker, Edw in 24 Walker, James H 358 Walker, Francis W 605 Waller, Thomas M 505 Warvelle, George W 678 Washburne, Hempstead 385 Watry, Joseph 652 Weigley, Frank S. 572 Wheeler, Georgi? H 236 Wheeler, Harris A 659 Wheeler, Newton C 681 Whitfield, George W 485 Whitney, Loren H 354 Widener, Peter A. B 493 Wilce, Thomas 576 Willard, George 354 Williams, Abram 180 Williams, George T 94 Williams, John F 75> Wilson, John P 631 Wilson, John R 73 Windrow, Sven 752 Wolfl", Ludwig 660 Yerkes, Charles T 154