E-322 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY AND PLANT QUARANTINE A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NICOTINE PART II THE INSECTICIDAL USES OF NICOTINE AND TOBACCO BY N. E. McINDOO, senior entomologist, Division of Control Investigations, R. C. ROARK, principal chemist, and Mrs. R. L. BUSBEY, junior chemist, Division of Insecticide Investigations SECTION 2 Washington, D. C. September 1936 HuNltH P. O. Box 1971 ORLANDO, FLORIDA E-392 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NICOTINE PART II THE INSSCTICIDAL USES OP NICOTINE AND TOBACCO By N. E. McllTDOO, senior entomologist, Division of Control Investi- gations, R. C ROARK, principal chemist, and Mrs. R. L. BUSHBSY, junior chemist, Division of Insecticide Investigations SECTION Washington, D. C. September 1936 E-392 September 1935 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NICOTINE PART II. THE LNSSCTICIDAL USES OP NICOTINE AND TOBACCO By N. E. Mclndoo, senior entomologist, Division of Control Investigation: R. C. Roark, principal chemist, and Mrs. R. L. Busbey, junior chemist, Division of Insecticide Investigations, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, United States Department of Agriculture. CONTENTS OP PART II SECTION 1 I Introduction A. Early publications, 1690-1900 B.' Proprietary nicotine preparations, 1885-1933 -------- C. Condensed tobacco juice and titrated nicotine, 1882-1928 - - D. Homoptera: Aphididae (1836-1934) 1. Wooly apple aphid, 1836-1934 - - ____ 2. Other aphids on apple trees, 1904-1934 ---------- 3. Aphids on peach trees, 1903-1933 ------ _____ 4. Aphids harmful to other fruits, 1907-1933 5. Nasturtium or bean aphid, 1915-1934 ----------- 6. Aphids on cabbage and turnip, 1908-1926 --------- 7. Aphids on potato, 1915-1930 8. Aphids on other vegetables, 1895-1932 --" ___ 9. Aphids on hon, cereals, and tobacco, 1904-1931 ------ 10. Melon or cotton aphid, 1906-1930 11. Aphids on shrubs, and shade and forest trees, 1907-1934 - 12. Other aphids, 1912-1934 E. Homoptera: Aleyrodidae and Coccidae (1894-1933) 1. miiteflies (Aleyrodidae), 1905-1932 2. Coccids, mealybugs, and scale insects (Coccidae) ,1894-1933 P. Homoptera: Other families (1828-1934) 1. Jassids, including apple, potato, and grape leaf hoppers (Cicadellidae) , 1828-1934 - - _________ 2. Cicadidae, Fulgoridae, Cercopidae, and Membracidae, 1914-34 3. Apple sucker, pear psylla, and other psyllids (Chermidae), 1913-1934 Index to section 1 Citations 1-132 133-200 201-256 257-299 300-347 348-383 384-438 439-459 460-470 471-485 486-499 500-517 518-536 537-566 567-584 585-594 595-667 668-753 754-769 770-833 SECTION 2 Heteroptera (1903-1934) 1. Tarnished plant bugs, apple bugs, redbugs, and other capsids (Miridae), 1903-1934 - 834-909 2. Lacebugs or tingids (Tingidae), 1914-1933 910-930' 3. Chinch bugs and other lygaeids (Lygaeidae), 1913-1933 - - 931-952 4. Squash bug and other coreids (Coreidae), 1913-1933 953-964 5. Pentatomid bugs and other Heteroptera, 1912-1933 965-975 H. Thysanoptera (thrips), 1877-1934 -■ 975-1085 I. Acarina (1902-1934) 1. Red spiders, 1904-1934 1086-1119 2. Other mites, 1902-1933 1120-1149 J. External parasites on man and animals, 1866-1931 - ------ 1150-1207 K. Diptera (1795-1934) 1. Plies as pests of man and animals, 1795-1932 1207-1238 2. Mosquitoes, 1900-1933 1239-1250 3. Midgelike flies, 1879-1934 1251-1278 4. Mushroom flies, 1912-1933 1279-1285 5. Beet fly, 1917-1933 1286-1296 6. Hoot maggots, 1857-1929 -- 1297-1316 7. Other flies, 1912-1934 1317-1340 L. Hymenoptera (1898-1934) 1. Apple sawfly, 1929-1934 1341-1350 2. Other sawflies, 1898-1934 1351-1391 3. Ants, 1908-1933 1392-1400 4. Bees, 1910-1933 1401-1406 M. Coleoptera (1899-1934) 1. Flea "beetles, 1903-1934 1407-1444 2. Cucumber, asparagus, and raspberry beetles, 1899-1933 - - - 1445-1464 3. Other beetles, 1905-1934 1465-1533 Index to section 2 SECTION 3 N. Lepidoptera (1813-1934) 1. Grapevine moths, 1870-1933 -- 1534-1595 2. Codling moth, 1897-1934 1596-1711 3. Oriental peach moth, 1917-1930 1712-1740 4. Leaf miners and casebearers, 1911-1933 1741-1756 5. Fruit-tree borers and budmoths, 1813-1932 1757-1776 5. Caterpillars (Hyponomeuta) on fruit trees, 1913-1934 1777-1786 7. Olive moths, 1903-1929 1787-1793 8. Leaf rollers, 1912-1933 1794-1802 9. Cranberry moths, 1890-1933 1803-1815 10. Other Lepidoptera harmful to fruits, 1825-1934 1816-1844 11. Cabbage insects, 1910-1934 1845-1872 12. European corn borer and corn ear worm, 1905-1934 ----- 1873-1882 13. Leoidoptera harmful to shrubs, and shade and forest trees 1905-1934 1883-1906 14. Other Lepidoptera, 1902-1933 1907-1961 0. Miscellaneous pests (1885-1934) 1. Springtails and Lepisma , 1921-1933 1962-1969 2. Orthoptera, earwigs, and termites, 1909-1930 1970-1981 3. Species of insects not named, 1903-1934 1982r2043 4. Species of insects named, 1901-1933 2044-2088 5. Greenhouse pests, 1885-1929 2089-2115 6. Millipedes and centipedes, 1917-1925 2116-2120 P. How nicotine kills, reactions, symptoms, minimum dosage, etc. 1900-1934 - - 2121-2179 Q. Nicotine tannate and oleate, 1918-1934 2180-2202 R. Oil emulsions and miscible oils combined with nicotine, 1915-1934 2203-2268 S. Nicotine dusts, (1908-1934) 1. Kinds and early history, 1908-1924 2259-2281 2. Preparations of dusts, dusting machinery, and principles involved, 1921-1932 2282-2347 3. Against Homoptera (1921-1934) (a) Aphids, 1921-1934 2348-2403 (1) Psyllids and leafhoppers, 1921-1934 2404-2421 4. Against Heteroptera, 1921-1933 -- 2422-2436 5. Against Coleoptera. 1922-1933 2437-2460 6. Against Diptera, 1925-1933 ----- ________ 2461-2468 7. Against Lepidoptera, 1922-1931 2469-2474 8. Against thrips, springtails, and mites, 1921-1934 2475-2497 Index to section 3 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2013 http://archive.org/details/bibliographyofniOOunit - 19'j HETEROPTERA, 1903-1934 1 . Tarnished Plant Pugs, Apple Bugs, B edPugs, and btner Capsids (Hiridae), 1903-1954 ANONYMOUS (834) 1 Tl 5 15. THE CONTROL OP ORCHARD PESTS. Canad. Hort. 38 (3): 38-89. [Abstract m it" Appl. Ent. (A) 3: 407. 1915.] The test control for the tarnished plant bug ( Lygus pratensis ) is a spray of Black Leaf 40, 3/4 lb. to 100 gal. water, when the apple and pear blossoms are falling. The best spray ^against the apple aphid [ Aphis pomi ) is a mixture cf lime -sulphur 28°Be., Black Leaf 40 (1-1,500), and flour paste applied at the time of the opening of the flower buds. TRSKSRNE, R. C. (835) 1915. THE TARNISHED PLANT-BUG ( LYGUS PRATENSIS, LINN .) Ent. See. Brit. Columbia [Victoria] Proc. No. 7, pp. 16-18. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 4: 26. 1916.] The destruction of weeds in orchards, trapping by sticky shields, and spraying with dilute kerosene emulsion or nicotine extracts at the time when nynphs are present are recommended. ANONYMOUS (836) 1917. MISCELLANEOUS INSECT NOTES. Conn. State Ent. Rept. 16 (1916): 138-146, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 5: 310-311. 1917.] The tarnished plant bug ( Lygus pratensis L. ) is difficult to control. A thorough spray of Black Leaf 40, 1 pt. in 50 gal. water to which has been, added 2 lb. laundry soap, should prove effective against it on tobacco. Trees attacked by hickory-gall aphids ( Phylloxera ca ry sec r -.ul is ' r i t oh ) would probably be protected if sprayed with nicotine solution when the buds are opening. MOLZ, E. (637) 1913. L YGUS PRATENSIS L., A SERIOUS PEST OP POTATOES. Ztschr. Pflanzkrank. 27 (7-3): 337-539. [in German. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 8: 346. 1920.] A 3 to 4 percent tobacco solution proved useless against Lygus pratensi s on potatoes. BODENHEIMER, P. (833) 1920 (?) CHRYSANTHEMUM BUGS AND T?Z GALLS PRODUCED BY THEM. Ztschr. Pflanzenkrank. 31 (3-4): 97-100. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 3: 590. 1921.] 200 Repeated spraying with nicotine soap, especially at the time of first r nee is fairly successful in controlling the capsids Lygus --culinu r Fall and L. prater, si s var. campostris Fell and the anthocorid T r i \ph 1 e p s m r. j u :: cul a Reut, MacLENNAN, A. H. (839) 1922. 13™ METHODS DEVELOPED III CONTROL OF INSECTS ML FUNGUS DISEASES. Ont. Veg. Growers' Assoc. 17th Ann. P.ept. 1921, pp. 32-33. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 10: 611-612. 1922.] An effective remedy for the tarnished plant-bug ( Lygus prate ns is Fall.) which is the cause of heart-rot in celery is a dust mixture of 20 parts of bordeaux (11 percent), 30 parts lime, 20 parts sulphur, and 30 parts tobacco dust. This should be dusted thoroughly into the hearts of the plants once each week. WALLACE, F. ::., et al. (840) 1923. REPORT OF THE DIVISION OF SI! TOKOLOGY. Ind. Dept. Conserv. 4th Ann. Rept. 1921-1922, r>p. 26-40. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 11: 309-310. 1923.] For most species of aphids spraying with 1 fl. oz. 40 percent nicotine sulphate, 5 oz. fish-oil soap, and 5 gal. water is recommended. The young of the tarnished plant bug ( Lygus pr a tens is L.) may be killed by spraying with 1 fl. oz. 40 percent nicotine sulphate, 4 oz. fish- oil soap, and 4 gal. water, but this is ineffective against the adults. HASEMAN, L. (641) 1928. TARNISHED PLANT I- TT G INJURY TO STRATOERRIES. Jour. Fcon. Ent. 21: 191-193. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 16: 400-401. 1928.] Young nymphs of the tarnished plant bug ( Lygus pratensjs L.) may be destroyed by application of nicotine spray or dust. AUSTIN, M. D. (842) 1932. A PRELIMINARY HOTS ON TIE TARNISHED PLANT BUG ( LYC-US PRATEIJSIS LINN.). Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc. 57 (?,): 312-320, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 20: 661-6h'i. 1032.] If insecticides such as nicotine sprays are used, a thorough drenching of plants and insects is necessary to secure maximum efficiency . AN, L., and JOHNSON, P. H. (843) 1933. MOLOGY. Mo, Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 328, pp. 27-30, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Dnt. (A) 21: 650-651. 193;'.] . - 201 - Encouraging results against the tarnished plant "bug ( Lygus pratensjs L.) on strawberries were obtained with a spray of 4 oz. potash vegetable-oil soap and 1 gal. water, which appeared to be improved by the addition of 40-percent nicotine sulphate (1-1,600). When Aphis gossypii Glov. are first seen on melons, the infested hills should be treated with nicotine. VENABLES, I. P. . (844) 1933. NOTES CN THE TARNISHED PLANT BUG III THE DRY BELT OE BRITISH COLUMBIA. Ent. See. Brit. Columbia. Proc. No. 30, pp. 17-20. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 22: 108-109. 1934.] A nicotine dust proved of no value against the adults of Lyg us -pratensis L. PARROTT, P. J., and HODGKISS, H. E. (845) 1913. THE 'FALSE TARNISHED PLANT-BUG AS A PEAR PEST. 2J. Y. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 368, pp. 353-384, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 2: 134-135. 1914.] Black Leaf 40, 3/4 pt. to 100 gal. water, plus 3 lb. soap, has given the most satisfactory results against Lyqus invitus Say. The trees should be drenched just after the blossoming period and both surfaces of the leaves wetted. BRITTAIN, W. H. (846) 1915. THE GREEN APPLE BUG ON APPLES AND PEARS. Canad. Kort. 23 (12): 269-270. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 4: 96-97. 1916.] Spraying with Black leaf 40, 1 pt. to 100 gal. water just before and after the blossoms fall and again five days later is suggested for the control of the false tarnished plant bug Lygus invitus . SANDERS, G. E., and BRITTAIN, VJ. H. (847) 1916. SPRAYING FOR INSECTS AFFECTING APPLE ORCHARDS IN NOVA SCOTIA. Can. Dept. Agr. Ent. Br., Circ. 8, 11 -op. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 5: 176-177. 1917.] In order to aid in the control of the green apple bug Lygus communis var. novascotiensis Knight) apple trees should be sprayed with nicotine sulphate, just before the blossoms open and again, if necessary, just after they fall. BRITTAIN, W. II . (848) 1918. PRACTICAL RESULTS IN SPRAYING A COMMERCIAL ORCHARD FOR THE GREEN APPLE BUG. Canad. Ent. 50 (12): 393-397. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 7: 168-169. 1919.] - 204 - FLACHS, K. (858) 1930. INJURY TO CULTIVATED PLAINS BY TUGS IE THE SUMMER OF 1929. Prakt. 31. Pflanzenb. 5 (3): 93-102. [In German. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Int. (A) 13: 637. 1930.] Against Lygu s kalini L., which injures the heart leaves of celery, the leaves should be dusted with a mixture cf 2 parts quicklime and 1 part sulphur, or a spray of nicotine-soap may be used. GA3MAN, P. (859) 1929. FLAT? BUG INJURY TO ERUPTS. Conn. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 305, pp. 729-731, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 17: 609-510. 1929.] Injury to peaches was caused ~oy the capsids Lygus quescalbae Knight and L. omni vag us Knight. Busting with nicotine caused the bugs to drop frorr the trees although they were not all hilled. CROSBY, C. ?.., and LEONARD, If. D. (860) 1915. INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE BRUIT OB TKS APPLE. Cornell Reading- Courses. 4 (84): 121-144, illus. March 15. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 3: 413-41 4. 1915.1 Spraying with Black Leaf 40 (1:800 ) with 4 or 5 lb. soap per 100 gal. effectually controls the apple redbugs Heterocordylus malinus and Ly--;idea mend ax. Application should be made as soon as the blossom; begin to open. BELT, E. ?. (861) 1916. THIRTY-FIRST REPORT OB T:T£ STATE ENTOMOLO&IST 0;T INJURIOUS AND OTHER INSECTS 0? TVZ STATE CB BEY.' YORK 1915. N. Y. State I.his. Bull. 186, pp. 15-16, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 4: 445-447. 1915.] The most suitable spray against Heterocordylus malinus Reut. (redbug) and Lygidea mend^.:: Reut. (lined redbug) consisted of 1 pt. tobacco extract in ICO gal. water together with lime-sulphur wash 1 to 25 with the addition of lead arsenate applied just before the blossoms opened. Large numbers of pear thrips Taeniothrips ( Euthrips ) pyri Dan. were killed by spraying with a mixture consisting of from 75 to 80 lb. lime, 100 gal. water, and 3/4pt.Black Leaf 40. HERRICK, G. W. (862) 1920 (?) SC ARD BESTS OF THE PAST SEASON. N. Y. Hort. Soc. Proc. 2nd Ann. Meet. 1919, pp. 15-24, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. it. (A) .': 16. 1921.] The addition of nicotine s-ulphate to the first codling moth spray just after the petals fall has given good results against the apple re&bugs He te ro co r dy l us rnal inus and L ygid e a moiidax. In s< vere infestations 1 pt. of nicotine sulphate may also "be added to the spray before the blossoms open. The false tarnished plant bug ( Lygus communis ) on pears has been successfully controlled by the application of nicotine sulphate spray after the petals have fallen. GUYTON, T. L., and KHUtL, J. N. (863) 1325. THE APPLE MAGGOT OR RAILROAD V'ORI.i. Pa. Dept. Agr. Circ. 1, 8 pp., illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 13: 327-323, 1925.] Por the control of the redbug Heterocordylus malinu s Rout, nicotine sulphate (40-percent) should be added to the petal fall spray [l l/4 gal. lime-sulphur 32-33° 3c. plus 1 1/2 lb. lead arsenate powder to 50 gal.] at the rate of 3/4 pt. to 100 gal. spray solution. Nicotine sulphate may also be added to the delayed dormant spray [l gal. lime- sulphur to 8 gal. water] for the control of aphids. ANONYMOUS (864) 1916. MISCELLANEOUS INSECT NOTES. Conn. Agr. Expt. Sta. Rept. 1915: 83-191, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 4: 245-246. 1916.] Por the control of false apple redbug ( Lygidea mendax Beut.) trees should be sprayed with Black Leaf 40, 1 pt. to 50 gal. water, with or without le?d arsenate and fungicides, before the blossoms open and again just after the petals fall. Nicotine solution applied at high pressure would have killed most of the aphids ( Aphi s rumicis L., Macro si pk-um solanifolii Ashm., and Myzus persicae Sulz.) on beets. PELT, S. P. (865) 1916. THIRTIETH REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1914. IT. I. State Mus. Bull. 130, 336 pp., illus. [-Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 4: 73-76. 1918.] Practical tests showed that a midsummer spray of Black leaf 40 using 3/4 pt. to 100 gal. water and 4 to 8 lb. soap would severely check the pear psylla ( Pry 11 a p yricola Porst.) if not entirely destroy it. Black Leaf 40 is one of the most efficient controls of the lined redbug ( Ly gi de a me nda x . Reut.). BRITTON, W. E., and ZAPPE, M. P. (866) 1918. EXPERIMENTS IN SPRAYING APPLE ORCHARDS TO CONTROL APHIDS AND PALSE RED-BUG. Conn. State Ent. 7th Rept. 1317. Conn. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull 203, pp. 259-262. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 6: 459. 1918.] Spraying with 1 pt. Blackleaf 40, 2.5 lb. powdered lead arsenate, and 2 gal. commercial lime-sulphur in 100 gal. water was effective against false apple redbug ( Lygi de a mendax Reut.) but did not kill all the aphids ( Aphis s orbi and A. pomi ) . - 206 - GO S SARD, H. A. (867) 1918. THE FALSE APPLE REE-BUG. Ohio Agr. Expt. Sta. Monthly Ball. ITo. 29: 153-155, illus. [Abstract in R v. Aj >1; Int. (a) 7: 145. 1919.] most successful treatment against L ygidea mendax as yet discovered is spraying the nymphs with 40-percent nicotine sulphate at the rate of 1 pt. to each 87.5 gal. of the spray that is applied immediately after the falling of the blossoms. This can he used in combination with the • lime- sulphur arsenical mixture given for codling moth ( Cydia pomonella ) and will also be useful against aphids, CROSBY, C. R. (868) 1920 (?) TEE CONTROL 0? T!Z APPLE BEDBUGS. N. Y. Hort. Soc. Proc. 1st Ann. Meet. 1919, pp. 220-222. [Abstract in P.ev. Appl. Ent. (A) 19: 180-191. 1921.] Lygj de a mendax is the most injurious species of redbug in New York State. The best time for spraying is as soon as possible after the bugs hatch or when about 3/4 of the petals have fallen, and the most effective spray is 1 pt. Black Leaf 40 to 100 gal. spray material, which is generally dilute lime-sulphur solution or lead arsenate. The most effective dust was 40 percent tobacco, 10 percent lead arsenate, and 50 percent sulphur mixture. ZEPFE, M. P. (869) 1921. NOTES ON THE LIFE HISTORY OP THE FALSE APPLE RED BUG IN CONNECTICUT (LYGLEEA MENBAX REUT . ) . Conn. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 226, pp. 177-179. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 9: 292. 1921.] Nicotine solution, 1 pt. to 100 gal. water, should be sprayed on the trees just before the blossom buds open. Nicotine should also be added to later sprays, especially that applied soon after the petalo f< STEAR, J. R. (870) 1923. RED BUG CONTROL IN SOUTHERN PENNSYLVANIA. Jour. Econ. Ent. 16: 548-350. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 12: 84. 1924.] In regard to the false redbug ( Lygidea mendax Reut.), nicotine sprays before the blossoms ojxm wore followed ^oy varying results, and its showed that a single careful application of nicotine at petal fall will give excellent control without an additional spray. SOUTH, P. 7,-. (871) . WORK OP THE INSPECTION STAFF (APRIL 1st- JUNE 30th, 1922). Malayan Agr. Jour. 10 (7): 195-199. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 11: 190. 1923.] 207 Mealybugs did some damage in south Perak to roselle, which was also attacked "by Dysdcrcus sp. but the latter was controlled by a nicotine spray. CAMFOS, R. F. (872) 1923. TWO INSECT PESTS OF PLANTS IK ECUADOR. Rev. Col. l!ac. Vicente Rocafuerte 11 (58-33): 19-23, illus. [in Spanish. Abstract in Rev. Appl. F.nt. (A) 19: 401. 1931.] L, Perty attack cotton and other malvaceous plants, and are best con- trolled by a nicotine spray, the ground at the foot of the plants being also wetted in order to destroy the eggs. KNIGHT, H. H. (873) 1918. AN INVESTIGATION OF THE SCARRING OF FRUIT CAUSED BY APPLE BEDBUGS. Cornell Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 396, pp. 187-208, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Snt. (A) 7: 172-175. 1919.] Spraying begun on April 30th, when the buds were just showing pink, with the usual lead arsenate and lime sulphur 1 to 40, to which had been added 1 qt. Black Leaf 43 to each 200 gal. resulted in the nymphs being killed with ease, direct contact with the spray not being necessary since they were overcome by the fumes. PARE0TT, P. J., STEWART, F. C, and GLASGOW, H. (874) 1922. SPRAYING AND DUSTI1TG EXPERIMENTS WITH APPLES IN 1922. N. Y. Agr. Expt. Sta. Circ. 65, 8 pp. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Snt. (A) 11: 558-359. 1923c] Dusting with sulphur-lead arsenate ('-JO: 10) and nicotine gave complete control in six applications against redbug, 5.68 percent of apples being injured "oj codling moth. Untreated trees showed 5.27 percent and 6 percent injury by redbug and codling moth respectively. With the delayed dormant spray against rosy aphis of 25 lb. tobacco dust to 100 gal. lime-sulphur (1:40), 1.25 percent of the apples were injured and the next best results were obtained with 40 lb. tobacco dust to 100 gal. sulphur -glue mixture, and 3/4 pt. nicotine sulphate to 100 gal. lime-sulphur (1:4.0) Untreated trees showed a percentage of 32.31 apples injured and dusting gave poor results compared with spraying. HAY/LEY, I. M. (875) 1917. THE HOP REDBUG ( P iRACALO CORI S HA7/LE YI KNIGHT). Jour. Econ. Ent. 10: 545-552. illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 6:109. 1318.] - 203 - Nicotine sulphate (1:800) plus 4 to 5 lb. soap per 100 gal. water apparently killed the insect immediately, though 3/8 pt. with 4 lb. soap per 100 gal, water proved ineffective. Ylinged forms fly before they can be reached by a spray. D'UTRA, G. (876) 1903. CONTRA OS INIMIGOS DO FUMO. Sec. Agr. Sao Paulo 3ol. Agr. 4th ser. No. 3, pp. 111-122, illus. Against the bug ( Dicyphus minimus Uhler) on tobacco plants in Brazil a spray consisting of one part nicotine in 60 parts water is recommended. I NBA, J. ?.. (877) 1907. EL PULGON DS LAS HOJAS DEL TABACO. Sec. Eomento Comision Parasitologia Agr. , Mex. Cere. No. 69, 6 pp., illus. Against a bug ( Pi cyphus minimus ) on tobacco a spray consisting of 1 part nicotine and 60 parts water is recommended in Mexico as being very effective (p. 4). PETHYBRIDGE, G. H., LAFFERTY, H. A., and RHYNEHART, F. G. (878) 1921. INVESTIGATIONS ON FLAX DISEASES. Jour. Dept. Agr. & Tech. Instr. Ireland. 21 (2): 167-187, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Snt. (A) 9: 446-447. 1921.] Capsid plant bugs ( Calocoris bipunctatus F. ) on fruit trees have been controlled by spraying with nicotine and soap. TROUVELOT, 3. (879) 1926. THE ORIGIN OF STONY FORMATIONS OF PEARS IN FRANCE AND RESEARCHES ON METHODS TO PREVENT THE DAMAGE IN ORCHARDS. Compt. Rend. Acad. Agr. France 12 (38): 1024-1029, illus. [In French. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 15: 116. 1927.] Nicotine sulphate and soap sprays were used against the larvae of a capsid ( Calocoris fulvomaculatus DeG. ), but the treatment was not entirely successful. RAMACHANDRA, R. Y. (880) 1928. ADMINISTRATION REPORT OF THE GOVERNMENT ENTOMOLOGIST, COIMBATORE, FOR 1927-1928. Coimbatore Agr. Res. Inst., 30 pp. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 17: 235-237. 1929.] The most effective of the control measures tried against the capsid (Disphinctus politus Wlk.) was dusting with a combination of calcium cyanide and tobacco dust. Spraying with fish-oil resin soap and tobacco decoction, although effective in nurseries against thrips ( Scirtothrips dor sal is Hood), failed to give good results when applied to transplanted crops. - 209 - RAMACHANDRA, R. Y. : (S8l) 1929. ADMINISTRATION REPORT OP THE GOVERNMENT ENTOMOLOGIST, COIMBATORE, FOR 1928-1929. Coimbatore Agr. Rob. Inst., 38 pp. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 18: 193. 1930.] A spray consisting of tobacco and soap was effective against capsids ( pisphin ctus pbiitus Wlk. ) on betel when directed so as to hit the insects. In a series of tests in South India with various insecticides against thrips (Scirtothr ips dorsalis Hood) on chillies the best results were obtained with tobacco infusion. RAO, Y. R. (882) 1930. NOTES Oil THE BETEL-VINE BUG- PI SPHINC TUS P0LITU5 -AND ITS CONTROL. Madras Agr. Dept. Yearbook 1929; 35-47, illus. [Abstract in Biol. Abs. 6 (10): 2329. Entry 22649, 1932.] This capsid bug is a serious pest of the betel vine in many districts of southern India. Dusting with various insecticides, such as calcium cyanide and tobacco dust, was of little use. Tobacco decoction combined with potash soao was effective, provided the spray was so directed as to drench the adults and young. MOREIRA, C (883) 1923. LSS CAPSIDES DU TABAC AU BRESIL. Rept. Intertl. Conf. Phytopath. & Econ. Ent. Holland 1923, pp. 283-236. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 12: 65-66. 1924.] For the control of the capsids Engyta tus notatus Dist. and E_. geniculatus Reut. the following spray is recommended: A paste of 1 gal. kerosene, 8 Id. hard soap and 1 gal. water is dissolved in 50 gal. warm water and allowed to cool; before application 0.1 percent nicotine or nicotine sulphate, that is 8 oz. per 50 gal. of emulsion, snould be added. This spray should be applied ever;/ 10 days until the plants are free from infestation. DEN DOOP, J. E. A. (884) 1919. CALI0BELI0U5 NIOOTIANAE KONINGSBERGFR. Bull. Deli Proofs tation, Medan, Sumatra, no. 12, August, 9 pp. [Abstract in Rev. Aopl. Ent. (A) 7: 538. 1919.] This capsid bug injures tobacco. A number of experiments were made with arsenic acid, arsenious acid, copper sulphate, nicotine tartrate, and strychnine tartrate, but none of these proved suitable. CORY, E. N. , and McCONNELL, p. A. (885) 1927. THE PHLOX PLANT BUG. Md. Agr. Expt. St a. Bull. 292, 22 pp. illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (a) 16: 644. 1928.] - 210 - The phlox plant bug, Lopidea davisi Ehight, was previously recorded as L. me di a Say. Of various insecticides used the most satisfactory- results were secured with 40-percent nicotine sulphate (1:500) with soap as a spreader. RORER, J. 3, (886) 1918. DISEASE AND PESTS 0E CACAO IN ECUADOR AND MODEM METHODS APPROPRIATE TO THE CULTIVATION OE CACAO. Rept. presented to Agr. Assoc, of Ecuador, 79 pp., illus. [in Spanish. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 7: 210-211. 1919.] Nicotine sulphate has given good results against the nymphs of a capsid bug [ Monalonion atratum (dis Simula turn) ~| . ANOFfMOUS. (887) 1921. ENTOM0L0GIA. Bol. Assoc. Agr. Ecuador 1 (3), May., 2 pp. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (a) 9: 546. 1921.] Black Leaf 40 at 1-800 was found to kill the various stages of nymphs in 20-30 minutes but did not apparently kill the eggs of Monalonion atratum Dist. ( = M. dissimulatum ) . The addition of soap seemed to prevent the eggs from hatching. THEOBALD, F. V. (883) 1927. THE VALUE OE TAR-DISTILLATE WASHES. Kent Palmers' Union Jour. 22. (4), 4 pp. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 16: 613. 1928.] Since some insects, including capsids, leafhoppers, and certain Lepidoptera, are only partly controlled by use of tar-distillate washes, the author urges the continuance of the practice of grease banding and spring spraying with nicotine soap. FRYER, J. C P., and PETHEEBRIEGS , p. R. (889) 1917. REPORTS ON FURTHER INVESTIGATIONS ON THE CAPSIDS WHICH ATTACK APPLES. Jour. 3d. Agr. London 24 (1): 33-44, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 5: 290. 1917.] The highest proportion of marketable fruit was obtained from a plot sprnyed with nicotine 3 oz., soft soap 4 lb., water 40 imperial gal. A mixture of lime-sulphur (sp. gr. 1.3) 1 gal., nicotine 2.5 oz., and water 40 hnperial gal. also ^r.^e good results but did not kill the bugs so qiuckly. FRYER, J. C. F. et al. (890) 1921. REPORT ON THE OCCURRENCE OF INSECT AND FUNGUS PESTS ON PLANTS IN ENGLAND AND WALES FOR THE YEAR 1919. I.iin. Agr. & Fisheries Misc. Publ. 33, pp. 6-25. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 10: 10-11. 1922.] Nicotine proved generally effective against copsids on apples. - 211 - CRAWFORD, H. G. . (391) 1916. A CAPSID ATTACKING APPLES NEUROCOLPUS NU BILIS SAY. Ent, Soc. Ont. Ann. Rept. 46 (1915): 79-88, illus. [Abstract in Kev. Appl. Ent. (A) 4: 521-522. 1916.] A spray consisting of Black Leaf 40, 1 part in 800 of water with 2 lb. soap to every 40 gal., should be applied when the nymphs are sufficiently abundant. This treatment may be repeated after on interval of 2 weeks. BEITTON, W. E. (892) 1918. INSECTS ATTACKING THE POTATO CROP III CONNECTICUT. Conn. Agr. Expt. sta. Bull. 208 (Ent. Ser. No. 25), pp. 103-119. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 7: 338. 1919.] The potato aphid Macro siphu m solanifolii Ashm. and the four lined leaf bug Poeciiocarsus linen tus_ E. may be controlled with nicotine and soap solution or kerosene emulsion. REINHARD, H. J. (893) 1927. CONTROL AND SPRING EMERGENCE OF THE COTTON FLEA HOPPER, Tex. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 355, 32 p., illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 15: 533. 1927.] A dust consisting of 60 parts superfine dusting sulphur, 20 parts finely ground tobacco dust, and 20 parts hydrnted lime, and sulphur- tobacco dust (60 to 40) killed from 68 to 75 percent of the cotton flea hoppers treated and used at the rate of 20 lb. per acre remained effective for 6 or 7 days under favorable climatic conditions. The sulphur tobacco dust was the most effective. REINHARD, H. J., and OOT, W. J., JR. • (894) 1928. INVESTIGATIONS ON CONTROL OF THE COTTON FLEA HOPPER IN 1927. Tex. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 380, 27 pp., illus. Control experiments were conducted on half-acre plats in cotton fields infested with the flea hopper ( Pa aliu s seri atu s) , using "L" grade tobacco dust and sublimed velvet flowers of sulphur. No satis- factory control was secured by the tobacco dust (p. 26). Era&, K. P. (395) 1931. CAGE TESTS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INSECTICIDAL DUSTS FOR THE CONTROL OF THE COTTON FLEA HOPPER. Jour. Scon. Ent. 24: 821-827, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 19: 670. 1931.] Preliminary tests indicated that dusts containing 4 percent nicotine were very effective in killing both adults and nymphs of Psallus seriatus Reut. , whereas those containing 2.5 percent were considerably less effective. - 212 - FRYER, J. C. F. (896) 1916. CAPSID BUGS. Jour. M. Agr. London 22 (10): 950-958, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 4: 107-108. 1916.] The best spraying fluids are nicotine and soap. In America, Black Leaf 40 has been found most effective. The species found in England include the green capsids, Flesiocoris rugico llis and Orthotylus marginalis , and the brown capsids, Psallus ambigus and Atractotoinus mali . tfARBURTON, C. (897) 1917. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE ZOOLOGIST FOR 1917. Jour. Roy. Agr. Soc England 78: 209-213. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 6: 435-436. 1918.] The apple capsid bug ( Plesiocoris rugicollis ) was held in check by two sprayings of nicotine and soft soap. PSTHSRBRIDGS, F. R. (898) 1918. THE CONTROL OF THE APPLE CAPSID BUG BY SPRAYING. Jour. Bd. Agr. 24 (12): 1401-1410, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (a) 6: 238. 1918.] An effective spray against the apple capsid bug (pl esiocoris rugi coll'.s) is 10 lb. soap (more for hard water) and 7-8 oz. nicotine to 100 imperial gal. water. The best time for spraying is usually about a week before blossoming. , ^d HUSAIN, M. A- (899) 1918. A STUDY OF THE CAPSID BUGS FOUND ON APPLE TRESS. Ann. Appl. Biol. 4 (4): 179-205, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 6: 278-230. 1918.] p lesiocoris rugicollis in all stages except the eggs, is quickly killed by 1 percent soft soap and 0.05 percent nicotine (98-99 percent). The spray should be applied just after all the bugs have hatched. A high pressure pump and a fairly coarse nozzle should be used. The trees should be thoroughly drenched in a downward direction. SMITH, K. M. (900) 1920. TILE INJURIOUS APPLE CAPSID ( PLESIOCORI S RUGICOLLIS FALL.). Jour. Min. Agr., London 27 (4): 379-381. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 8: 404-405. 1920.] A formula that has proved satisfactory is nicotine (98-99-percent) 3 oz., soft soap 4 lb., and water 40 gal. This wash is expensive, but less efficient sprays are a waste of labor against capsids, while nicotine and soap will kill aphids, apple sucker ( Ps.ylla mali) , and a good proportion of any winter moth ( Cheimatobia brumata) caterpillars that may be present. - 213 - ROSTRUP, S., and THOMSM, M. (501) 1923.. CONTROL OF BUGS 01! APFLS TREES AND CONTRIBUTIONS TO THEIR LIFE- HISTORIES. Tidsskrift for Planteavl 29: 395-461, illus. [in Danish with a summary in English. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Snt. (A) 11: 579-580. 1923.] Spraying operations against caps ids (P lesiocoris ru^icollis and Lygus pabulinus ) on apples .was most satisfactory when a spray, containing 0.1 percent nicotine and 1 percent soap, with an addition of 0.2 percent lead arsenate on account of a preceding attack of Cheiraatobia brumata , was used just before the blossoming. PSTHERBRIDGE, P. R. , and KENT, ff. G. (902) 1926. THE CONTROL OP THE APPLE CAP3ID BUG.' Jour. l,Un. Agr. [Gr. Brit.] 33 (1); 50-57. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 14: 303. 1926.] The apple capsid Plesiocoris rugicollis Fall, can be effectively controlled by the proper application of soft soap and nicotine sprays. Application of 3 l/4 oz. nicotine (95-98 percent) and 4 lb. soft soap in 40 imperial gal. rainwater gave 60-80 percent unmarked fruit as compared to 4-31 percent on unsprayed plots. Sodium caseinate, 4/5 pt. , was substituted for the soft soap in hard water with equally good results. Particularly good results were obtained with the following spray: sodium caseinate 4/5 pt. , nicotine (40-45 percent) 7 l/2 oz. , lead arsenate 2 lb., lime sulphur 1 gal., and hard water 39 imperial gals. The soap sprays wet the trees more easily than the caseinate ones, which take a little longer to apply, requiring rather more liquid per tree. Dusting with 1 or 2 percent nicotine or nicotine sulphate did not give satisfactory results. STANILAND, L. N. (903) 1926. EXPERIMENTS Oil THE CONTROL OF THE APPLE CAPSID BUG ( PLESIOCORIS RU GICOLLIS , Fieb.) Jour. Pomol. 3= Hort. Sci. 5 (4): 267-274. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 16: 423. 1928.] Two percent oil sprays gave good results, and a wash composed of 8 oz. of 98-percent nicotine to 100 gal. of water with sufficient soap to allow of 1 percent free soap was also successful. FRYER, J. C F. (904) 1929. THE CAPSID PESTS OF FRUIT TREES IN ENGLAND. 4th Internatl. Cong. Ent., Ithaca, Trans. 1923, 2: 229-235. [Abstract in Biol. Abs. 5 (2): 532. Entry 5,160. 1932.] The two species of bugs ( Plesiocoris rugicollis Fall, and Lygus pabulinus L.) can be controlled fairly satisfactorily by nicotine in- secticides. - 214 - AUSTIN, M. D- (905) 1930. FIELD EXPERIMENTS Oil THE CONTROL OF THE APPLE CAPS ID ( PLESIOCORIS RUGIC0LLI3 FALL.) AND THE COMMON GREEN CAPSID ( LYGUS PA3ULINUS LINN.) DURING 1929. Jour. S. E. Agr. Col. No. 27, pp. 147-179, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 13: 625-626. 1930.] P. rugicollis on apples was not successfully controlled by nicotine dusts or nicotine sprays. More than two amplications are necessary to in- sure cominercial control. Nicotine dusts and a nicotine soft-soap spray proved to be of value for the control of L. pabulinus , but to be effective treatment shoule be carried out at least twice and sometimes three times. SCHOEVERS, T. A. C (906) 1930. APPLE BUGS AND THEIR CONTROL. Tijdschr. Plantenz. 36 (4): 75-83, illus. [in Dutch. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 18: 514. 1930.] A spray of nicotine and soap proved effective against the bug Plesiocoris r ugicollis Fall. PETHSR3RIDGS, F. R. , and HEY, G. L. (907) 1931. WINTER SPRAYING FOR THE CONTROL OF THE APPLE CAPSID BUG PLESI0C05I5 RUG I COLLI S . Jour. Min. Agr. [Gr. Brit.] 37 (11): 1078-1087. [Abstract inBio'J,, Abs. 7 (4): 920. 1933. Entry 8,993c] Suor.cr spraying in England with 5 lb. soft soap and 4 oz. nicotine (95-98 percent) in 40 gal. water gave a control as good as that obtained with the Long Ashton wash (10 or 12 percent). COTTERELL, G. S. (908) 1930. TIE OCCURRENCE OF SAHLBERGELLA 5PP. AND OTHER PESTS OF CACAO IN FERNANDO POO, SAN THOME AND THE BELGIAN CONGO. Dept. Agr. Gold Coast, Oct. Bull. 20 (Pap. 2d Conf. ¥. Afr. Agr. Off. Gold Coast, Oct. 1929), pp. 162-191. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 19: 189-191. 1931.] No remedial measures are applied for the capsids ( Sahlber^ella ) , although a nicotine sulphate spray has been found successful, but its use is too expensive to be practical. BREDO, 11. J. (909) 1931. CONTRIBUTION A L'ETUDS DE SAHL BE RGE LLA SINGULA HIS HAGL. Bull. Agr. Congo Beige 22 (1): 81-98, illus! [Abstract in Biol. Abs. 7 (5): 1163. Entry. 11,448. 1935.] Sprnys with a nicotine base are useless against the adults of this bug. - 215 - 2. Lace Bu?:s or Tingids (T ingididne) , 1914-1933 MOZNSTTE, G. F. (910) 1922. TIB AVOCADO. ITS INSECT ENEMIES AND HOW TO COMBAT TKEH. U. S. Dept. Agr. Farmers' Bull. 1261, 31 pp., illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Bnt. (A)' 10: 596. 1922.] For the control of the avocado lace-bug ( Acysta perseae Heid.) nicotine sulphate (40-percent) at 1 to 900 with 1-2 lb. fish-oil soap to e;ich 50 gal. of diluted spray is suggested. WADE, 0. (911) 1917. THE SYCAMORE LACE-BUG (CO RYTHUCA CILIATA SAY). Okla. Agr. Sxpt. Sta. Bull. 116, 16pp., illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 6: 102. 1918.] Experiments with nicotine sulphate, lime-sulphur, and kerosene emulsion, gave un satisfactory results. WELL-HOUSE, 17. H. (912) 1919. LACE BUG OH HAWTHORN, CORYTHUCHA BEL LULA, GIBSON (TINGIDIDAE, HEMIPTERA). Jour. Scon. Ent. 12: 441-446, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 3: 77-78. 1920.] Should the nymphs of the second brood become too numerous, they may be controlled by one of the nicotine sprays in use against leaf bugs on apple. THOMPSON, B. G. , and KWAN LUN WONG. (913) 1933. WESTERN WILLOW TINGID, CORYTHUCHA SALICATA GIBSON, IN OREGON. [Jour. Econ. Ent. 26: 1090-1095, illus.] Black leaf 40 alone, and combined with ammonium caseinate oil emulsion, was used. In the first tests not more than half of the tingids sprayed were killed, but later almost 100 percent of the nymphs were killed. BATHSLIER, J. (914) 1925. OBSERVATIONS SUR UN INSECTS PARASITE DU POIVRISR. Bull. Econ. Indo chine 28 (170): 67-72. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 13: 361. 1925.] Frequent snraying with nicotine is recommended for the control of the tingid E la smo gna thus nepalensis Dist on the pepper vine Piper nigrum. FRAPPA, C. (915) 1931. ON TWO HEMIPTSROUS INSECTS INJURIOUS TO COFFEE IN MADAGASCAR. Agron. Colon., No. 162, op. 166-167. [in French. Abstract in Rev. Appl< Ent. (A) 19: 599 f 1931.] - 216 - An insecticide that gave good results against the tingid Galea tus involutus Drake consists of 50 lbs. of debris of dry tobacco leaves steeped for 43 hours in 100 .gal. of water and filtered through muslin, to which is added just before use 1 gal. methylated spirit, 3 lb. soap, and 2 lb. sodium carbonate. PINK, D. Z. (916) 1915. THE EGGPLAUT LACE-BUG. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 239, 7 pp., illus. A spray solution, consisting of 40~percent nicotine sulphate (1 to 640) and fish-oil soap (1 lb. to 50 gal.), killed from 85 to 90 percent of the nymphs, but none of the adult lace- bugs G-argaphis so Ian i Heidemann, Soap solution (1 lb. to 50 gal.) alone killed 100 aercent of the nymphs and 25 percent of the adults (p. 7). LSSNE, P. (917) 1914. LIS IESECTES NUISIBLES AUX ABBESS FHUITIEES. Jour. Agr. Prat. 78 (t. 27): 534-535. 'The hemipteron Tingis pyri ?. on pear trees should be fumigated with tobacco. ITaste tobacco leaves may be burned or tobacco juice may be heated on red-hot plates under the infested trees, which must be covered with a tent. DURANTE, D. (913) 1917. CONTHIBUTI01T TO TIE BIOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE OP TIi T ai5 PYBI F. Ann. Reg. Scuolr Super. Agr. Portici 2d Ser. 14: 1-11. [in Italian.] Against the above bug on pe--r trees the agrarian entomologists in It-ly recommend the following spray mixture: 1 oart phenicatod tobacco extract, 1 part soft soap, and 100 parts water (a. 9). LPCAILLO", A. (919) 1919. SUE LA BIOLOGIS DU TIGRE DU POIEIEE (TII'GIS PIEI GPOFFEOY). Bull. Soc ZHudo Vulg. Zool. Agr. 18 (7): 73-77. [Abstract in Eev. Appl. Ent. (A) 7: 500. 1919.] Pears and apples were severely attacked by Stephanitis (T ingis ) pyri Geoffr. The only possible remedy is the use of contact insecticides or fumigation with nicotine or hydrocyanic acid. RIVIERE, &. (920) 1921. THE TIGER (TIGHE) OP TH3 PSAS TREE. Jour. Soc. Hat. Hort. Prance 22: 402-403. [in French. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 10: 170. 1922.] Tobacco juice, even in weak solutions, has given good results provided the jet is directed upward so as to reach the bugs ( Stephanitis ( Tingis.) pyri) on the lower surface of the le;i\ . . - 217 - TROUVELOT, B. (321) 192?. THE "TIGER" 07 PEAR TREES. Cul. Fruitieres, No. 4, p. 65-66, illus. [In French, Abstract in Rev. Apol. Ent. (A) 11: 480. 1923.] Insecticides containing nicotine are of most value against the pear tingid (S terhan itis nyri Geoffr. ) . CORNELI, E. (922) 1927. OBSERVATIONS AND INVESTIGATIONS 01! STSPFANITIS PYRI IN UM3R1A. Curiamo le piante 1927. Reprint No. 11-12. 7 pp. [in Italian. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (a) 16: 291-292. 1928.] Dusting with tobacco proved unsatisfactory against Stenhaniti s, ( Tingi s) pyri F. The best results were given by a solution containing 1 percent phenicated tobacco extract and 1 percent soft soap. One ap- plication at the end of June destroyed nearly all the larvae and nymphs though some of the more active adults escaped. DGRY13M0V, G. D., and VUISHBLESSKAYA, N. S. (923) 1931. INSECTICIDE ACTION OF NICOTINE PREPARATIONS. Bull, plant. Prot. 3 (1): 115-145. [in Russian with a summary in English. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 20: 197-198. 1932.] Sprays of nicotine sulphate and various extracts of tobacco obtained from different parts of Russia v.-ere tested at equivalent concentrations of actual nicotine against Stephanitis (Tingis) pyri F. » Psylla pyri L. , and various aphids. Laboratory tests showed that 40- percent nicotine su.lphate and some of the extracts were about twice as effective as others or as chemically pure nicotine. In the case of the extracts, it was found that this does not depend on differences in hydrogen-ion concentration. In field tests the various preparations at a concentration of 0.05 percent actual nicotine were much less effective when used alone than when combined with soap at the rate of 1 lb. to 24 gal. With or without the addition ox soap, nicotine sulphate was more effective than the extracts, whereas the lowest rate of mortality was produced by 95-98 percent nicotine. When, however, soft water was used, the toxicity of the latter was higher than that of the extracts. RITZEMA, BOS J. (924) 1915. DISEASE AND DAMAGE CAUSED BY ANIMALS. Meded R. Hoogere Land. Tuin en Boschbouwsch. Wageningen 8 (5): 301-331. [in Dutch. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 3: 740-744. 1915.] Spraying with tobacco will kill the larvae of Bhynchota ( Tingis ) rhododendri , Horv., but a watch should be s t abaci may be controlled by using 4C -percent nicotine sulphate and soap. BOLLS, P. C, and STAMMESHAUS, L. (950) 1929. INVESTIGATIONS ON THE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OP PHAENACANTHA SACCHARICIDA . Arch. Suikerind. Ned. -Indie 1929, p. 459-504. (Meded Prcefst. java-Suikerind. 1929, No. 7.) [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent (A) 17: 603. 1929.] For the control of the lygaeid Phaenacantha ( colobathristes ) s accharicida Karsch, weeds near the field should be burned or treated with a spray of tobacco and soap or calcium cyanide dust. These in- secticides may also be used on young cane and against bugs hiding on the ground. - 223 - MOZETTE, G. F. (351) 1921. NOTES ON THE ROYAL PALM BUG. ffla. State Plant Bd. Quart. Bull. 6 (1): 10-12, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 10: 120. 1922.] The remedial measure recdmmended for the control of the lygaeid Xyla sto doris luteolus Barber is spray in-; with nicotine sulphate (40- percent) at 1 to 1,200 plus fish-oil soap, 5 lb. to 125 gal. Two applications should be made, with a weed's interval* BRUNER, S. C (952) 1924. NOTES ON THE BUG ATTACKING ROYAL PALMS. R e v. Agr. Comn. Trabajo 7 (3): 27-28. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 13: 89. 1925. A spray of nicotine sulphate and soap may be applied for the control of the lygaeid Xy lostodoris luteolus Barber causing withering of the leaves of the royal palm ( Oreo do xa regia) . 4. Squash Bug and Other Coreids (Coreidae), 1913-1933 HEED, W. V. (953) 1915. SOME OP THE MORE IMPORTANT TRUCK CROP PESTS IN GEORGIA. Ga. State. Bd. Ent., Bull. 41, 39pp., illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 3: 471-472. 1915.] Spraying with 40-percent nicotine sulphate at the rate of 1 part to 300 killed the nymphs of the squash bug (Anasa tristis) . Aphids ( Aphis gossypii and A. brassicae) were controlled with Black Leaf 40. MUMPORD, P. B. (954) 1917. HOW THE STATION WORKS. Miss. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 151, 68 pp. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 6: 126-127. 1918.] Nicotine killed the young nymphs of the squash stink bug ( Anasa tristis) but merely stupefied the adults. ' (955) 1920. WORK AND PROGRESS OP THE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION POR THE YEAR 1ST JULY 1918 to 30TH JUNE 1919. Mo. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 172, 48 pp., illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (a) 9: 239. 1921.] The melon aphid ( Aphis gossypii ) can be contolled by spraying with nicotine sulphate; this spray also gave the best results against the squash stink-bug ( Anasa tristis ) . - 224 - 7T ALLEY, p. M. (956) 1920. THE SQUASH BUG. Jour. Scon. Ent. 13: 416-425. Black Leaf 40 (1 to 250, 1 to 500, and 1 to 1,000 in soap solution) killed from 85 to 100 percent of the squash Dugs ( Anas a tristis DeG. ) sprayed in the laboratory, hut in the field from 57 to 83.5 percent. TTORTHLSY, H. N. ■ (957) 1923. THE SQUASH BUG IS MASSACHUSETTS. Jour. Econ. Snt. 16: 73-79, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl, Ent. (A) 11: 225. 1923.] Ho satisfactory measure has yet been found against Anas a tristis DeG. , though of the substances tried nicotine sulphate dust would appear to give the most promising results. HOUSER, J. S. (958) 1926. PUMPKIN INSECTS. Canner 62 (10) (convention no., pt. 2) : 133-134, [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 14: 354. 1926.] Eor the control of Anas a tristis DeG. und^r field conditions 40- percent nicotine sulphate (1:400) may be applied to the lower surface of the leaves against the newly hatched nymphs. LITTLE, V. A. (959) 1927. CALCIUi.; CYANIDE EOR THE CONTROL OE THE SQUASH BUG ANAS A TRISTIS DSGSER. Joiu-. Econ. Snt. 20: 575-577. [Abstract in Rev. Apol. Ent. (A) 16: 30. 1928.] Efforts to control the bugs with 2-percent and 4-percent nicotine dust were unsuccessful. Over 80 percent control of both nymphs and adults was obtained with undiluted cyanogas calcium cyanide "A" dust. KNOWLTON, G. E. (960) 1933. INSECT PESTS IN UTAH. Utah Agr. Expt. Sta. Leaflet Nos. 2 & 4, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 21: 589; 22: 68. 1934.] A spray of 40-percent nicotine sulphate (1 : 400 ) or of 8 oz. nicotine sulphate and 4 lb. soft soap in 25 gal. water will give good control of the nymphs of squash bugs (Anas a tristis DeG.) that are covered with the liquid (leafl. no. 2). Against leafhoppers ( Erythroneura comes var. ziczac Walsh and var. elegans McAtee) i the plants may be treated before serious damage has been caused with a spray containing nicotine sulphate (leafl. no. 4). - 225 - ANONYMOUS (961) 1925. MISCELLANEOUS ENTOMOLOGICAL NOTES* Farming in S. Africa 1 (1): 23. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Eat. (a) 15: 327-330. 1927.] A coreid [Aeon thorn la t caente sico llis Stal ("bean "bug)] feeding on bean pods was spieled with 1 part tobacco extract (nicotine=7 percent) to 50 parts wate?. This killed the nymphs in a few minutes and the adults in 2-6 hours. VANDENEERG , S. R. (962) 1929. REPORT: OP THE ENTOMOLOGIST. Guam Agr. Erpt. Sta. Ann. Rpt. 1927, pp. 12-17. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 17: 604-605. 1929.] Le ptoglossu s sp. attacking cucurbits in the southern part of the island was successfully co: trolled "by spraying with a solution made "by macerating and steeping 4 lo. of tobacco refuse in 1 gal. of water. The spray killed the eggs and nymphs and seemed to "be repellent to the adults. MONTE, 0. (963) Vet, 1932. PESTS OP GOURDS. Bol. Agr. Zootec./Minas Gerais 5 (4): 65-69, illus. [in Portuguese. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 21: 663. 1933.3 A spray- of nicotine and soap is effective against Aphi s gossyoii Glov., and the coreid "bug Lept oglossus gonagra P. (9G4) 1932. A BUG SUCKING TOMATO, PHTHIA PICTA DRURY. Chacaras e Quintaes 45 (2): 222-224, illus. [in Portuguese. Abstract in R e v. Appl. Ent. (A) 20: 324. 1232.] This co::oid bug - jcuts on tomatoes in the State of Minas, Brazil. The best control measure consists in spraying with nicotine and soap. 5. Pentatomid Bu~s (Pentatomidae) and Other Heteroptera , 1912-1933. SWENK, M. H. (965) 1920. THE HARLEQUIN CABBAGE E"JG. Neb. State Ent. Bull. 10, 3 pp. , illus. [Abstract in R e v. Appl. Ent. (A) 9: 426. 1921.] As regards this bug (M urgantia histrionica ) , a 10-percent kerosene emulsion will destroy the nymphs; against the adults a spray consisting of 1 pt. nicotine sulphate to 25 gal. of water (1 to 200) and 4 lb. of soap may produce good results. - 226 - WALKER, H. ^., and ANDERSON, L. D. (966) 1933* REPORT Oil THE CONTROL OF THE HARLEQUIN BUG, MUE&ANTIA HISTRIONICA HAHN, WITH NOTES 01! THE SEVERITY 0? AM OUTBREAK OF THIS INSECT HI 1932. Jour. Scon. Ent. 26 (1): 129-135. [Abstract in Rev. Appl- Ent. (A) 211 239-240. 1933.] In general, nicotine, pyrethrtna, and oil emulsion sprays were not effective against the adults except at very strong concentrations. TOTHILL, J. D. (967) 1929. A RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY OF AGRICULTURAL CONDITIONS IN THE BRITISH SOLOMON ISLAND PROTECTORATE. F'scap fol., 17 pp., Suva, Fiji, [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 17: 416-417. 1929.] A method of poisoning the larvae of the hispid Brontisr>a fro^gatti Sharp has been described, though a nicotine and s oap solution is advocated in the present case. Tobacco and soap wash should also be applied to the cut surfaces of the trees. For the control of th pentatomid Axiagastu s. campbelli Dist. t tobacco extract and soap might be applied by natives climbing to the tops of the palms and spraying with a small hand sprayer. CHALOT, C., and BERNARD, U. (968) 1918. CULTIVATION AND PREPARATION OF VANILLA. Agrori. Colon. 3, (21)(Nov.- Dec): 72-86.. [in French. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 7: 192-193. 1919.] Nicotinated pyre thrum, hydrocyanic acid gas, and trap plants in the neighborhood of vanilla plantations have been recommended for the control of the pentatomid bug Memmia vicina . "_E STSFANI, T. (969) 1923. PIEZODORUS INCARNATUS GER.-I. IN ORCHARDS . Ann. R. Staz. Speim. Agrum e Fruttio. 7: 37-42. [In Italian. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 12: 343. 1924.] Spraying with nicotine and soap or with tar oil and soda appears to be the most feasible remedial measure. These insecticides remain semi-liquid for some time, and their odor repels the bugs. This penta- tomid bug infests the trunks of almonds and various fruits. GUNN, D. (970) 1918. THE BAGRADE BUG ( 3A3RADA HILARIS ) . Union S. Afr. Dept. Agr. Bull. 9, 16 pp., illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 7: 165. 1919.] Turnip plants can be sprayed with crude carbolic acid emulsion (1:20) or with non-arsenical tobacco extract (1:15) plus 1 lb. soap. - 227 - PHIPPS, C. P. (971) 1924. A STILT-BUG, JALYSUS 5PIN 0SU5 SAY. » DESTRUCTIVE TO THE TOMATO. Jour. Scon. But. 17: 390-393, illlls. [Abstract in R e v. Appl« Ent. (A) 12: 400. 1924.] The nymphs of this neidid may be killed and the foliage protected from subsequent attack by the application of nicotine sulphate and Bordeaux mixture as soon as migration to the tomato is noticed. A second application should be made early in August when the majority of the first brood nymphs are present. TETON, N. H. (972) 1923. TEE CITRUS BUG- ( ONCOSCELIS 5ULCI VSNTRI S) . Queensland Agr. Jour. 20 (3): 181-182. [Abstract in F. e v. Appl. Snt. (A) 11: 572. 1923.] Black Leaf 40 and resin plus kerosene emulsion have proved fatal when brought into contact with the above bug by spraying, although spraying is difficult, as the insects are scattered on the lower surfaces of the leaves. KRISHNA AYYAR, p. IT. (973) 1930. A NOTE ON STIPAROPUS T ABULATU S SCHIO. (HEM., PENT.) A NEW PEST OF TOBACCO IN SOUTH INDIA. Bull. Ent. Res. 21 (l): 29-31. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 18: 425. 1930.] The bug, which attacks the roots of tobacco, could be almost comnletely destroyed without injury to the plants by applying crude oil emulsion in the proportion of 1 lb. in 6 gal. water mixed with a tobacco decoction (1 lb. soaked in 1 gal. of water all night and then diluted with an equal quantity of water). This was sufficient for about 80 plants. EICHINGER. _ (974) 1912. BEKAMPPUNG- DER KAPEEEWANZS. Pflanzer 8: 312-316. Several formulas were recommended against the coffee bug on coffee trees in tropical Africa. The following is one of the simplest: 600 g. tobacco leaves, 500 g. soft soap, and 20 1. water (p. 313). WARD, J. M. (975) 1923. CITRUS BUG CONTROL. Queensland Agr. Jour. [2]. 20: 328. Against the "bronze orange "bug on citrus trees in Queensland the following spray mixture was found unsatisfactory: 1 oz. Black Leaf 40, 24 oz. resin, 12 oz. soda, and 6 gal. water. - 228 - H. THRIPS (THYSANOPTSRA), 1877-1934 HORTON, J. R. (976) 1915. CONTROL 0? THE CITRUS THRIPS IN CALIFORNIA AND ARIZONA. U. S. Dept. Air. Farmers' Bull. 674, 15 pp., illus. Against Acirtothrips feuthrips) ci tri Moulton the following spray mixtures are recommended: (1) 1 part commercial lime-sulphur diluted with 86 parts water, then add 40-percent nicotine sulphate (1 to 1,000): (2) 40-percent nicotine sulphate (1 to 800). Tests with plain tobacco extracts without the addition of lime-sulphur or other preparations have given very good results when the tobacco has been used at sufficient strength. GIHAULT, A. A. (977) 1925. THE BANANA THRIPS RUST. Queensland Agr. Jour. 23 (6): 471-517, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. 3nt. (A) 13: 452-453. 1925.] Most of the materials tried against Anapho thrips si^nipennis Bagn. except pyre thrum produced indifferent results. A strong solution of nicotine sulphate may be used as an alternative insecticide in strong kerosene-soap solution. WATSON, J. R. (978) 1913. AN UNUSUAL TYPE OP INJURY DUE TO A THRIP. Jour. Scon. Snt. 6: 413-414, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Bat. (A) 1: 512. 1913.] Tobacco decoction kills the thrips Crypto thrips floridensis Watson, but it must be made stronger than for most species. For the adults the liquid now in use is made up of l/2 gal. whale-oil soap, l/2 gal. com- mercial lime-sulphur, l/2 lb. Black Leaf 40, and 50 gal. water. This has proved efficient, but it does not kill the eggs nor the adults and larvae hidden under the bark. YOTHSRS, W. W., and MASON, A. C (979) 1924. THE CAMPHOR THRIPS. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 1225, 29 pp., illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (a) 12: 333-334. 1924.] Spraying is only effective if applied when the thrips ( Crypto thrips floridensis Wats.) are on the foliage in bright days, when all those hit may be killed by a solution of l/2 lb. 40-percent nicotine sulphate, 2 qt. potash fish-oil soap, and 2 qt. lime- sulphur to 50 gal. water. ANDERSON, T. J. (980) 1917. NOTES ON INSECTS INJURIOUS TO COFFEE. Brit. E. Africa., Dept. Agr. Bull. 2, pp. 20-43. Nairobi. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 6: 15-16. 1918.] - 229 r^ A spray rap.de "by steeping 6 lb. tobacco leaf in 26 gal. water for 24 hrs, straining and mixing with 2 lb. soft soap was effective against Diarthrothrip s coffeae Williams, but too expensive for use on a large scale. SMES, C. (981) 1933. REPORT 0? THE ENTOMOLOGIST. Nyasaland Dept. Agr. Rept. 1932, pp. 48-52. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 22: 119-121. 1934.] An unusual outbreak of Diart hrothrips co f f eae Will, on coffee was rapidly controlled by a nicotine spray. Triosa merwei Pettey, which sucks the cell sap from citrus leaves, can be controlled by repeated amplications of soan or nicotine direct to the lower surface of the leaves under strong pressure. MOULTON, D. (982) 1928. THE GRAPE THRIPS (PR EPANOTH RIPS REU T ERI UZEL.). Calif. Dept. Agr. Monthly Bull. 17 (8): 455-457," illus. Under favorable conditions reasonable results may be expected by dusting with a nicotine dust with not less than 6 percent nicotine sulphate. Where growers have power spraying equipment, one of the following spray mixtures is recommended: (1) Highly refined oil emulsion 1.5 or 2 gal., with nicotine sulphate 1.5 pt., in 200 gal. water; or (2) light miscible oil 1.5 gal., nicotine sulphate 1.5 pt., together with atomic sulphur 20 lb. or dry wettable sulphur 10 lb., in 200 gal. water. JONES, P. R. , and BOSTON, J. R. (983) 1911. THE ORANGE THRIPS: A REPORT OP PROGRESS POR THE YEARS 1909 and 1910. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 99, Part I, 16 p., illus. Black Leaf tobacco extract (2.75-percent nicotine) and Black Leaf "40" (40-percent nicotine) were used (p. 14). This thrips ( Euthri^s citri Moulton) can be controlled by 4 sprayings of lime-sulphur solution combined with a commercial tobacco extract, which should be applied when the thrips become sufficiently numerous (p. 15). BONDAR, G. (984) 1924. TT70 DISEASES OP THE LEAVES OP CASSAVA. II. THE "MOSAIC" PRODUCED BY THE THYSANOPTERON S. MAN I HOT I_ SP. N. Chacaras e Quintaes 30 (3) : 215-218. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (a) 12: 590. 1924.] Euthrios manihoti sp. n. causes spotting on the leaves of cassava« Washing all material that is to be planted in a solution of nicotine is advised. - 230 - CRAWFORD, D. L. (985) 1915. POTATO CURLY LEAF. Calif. State Com. Hort. Monthly Bull. 4 (8): 389-391, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 3: 688. 1915.] It is suggested that 1 pt. tobacco extract to 100 gals. Bordeaux mixture "be used to control Eutlirips occidentalis . The first application should "be made not more than a month after planting and the second about 3 weeks later. THOMSEN, H. (986) 1923. EUTHRIPS PARV US , MOULTON, A NEW GREENHOUSE PEST. Ent. Med. 14 (2-3): 110-119, illus. [in G-erman. Abstract in R e v. Appl. Ent. (A) 11: 319. 1923.] In recent years the leaves of Begonia in Danish greenhouses have been attacked by the above thrips. nicotine fumigation is effective against it. MOULTON, D. (987) 1909. THE PEAR THRIPS AND ITS CONTROL ( EUTHRIPS PYRI DANIEL). U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 80, Part IV, pp. 51-66, illus. A combination spray of Black Leaf tobacco extract (1 : 60) and 2 percent distillate-oil emulsion, or a spray of Black Leaf extract alone, should be used against the adults early in March, and against the larvae in April (p. 66). FOSTER, S. W., and JONES, p. R. (988) 1911. HOW TO CONTROL THE PEAR THRIPS ( EUTHRIPS PYRI DANIEL). U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Circ. 131, 24 pp., illus. Solutions of tobacco extract were very promising, and when used at sufficient strengths killed all the thrips actually reached, but they did not enter the swelling buds, where most of the injury is done inside the cluster buds (p. 7.) A tobacco extract containing 2.75 percent nicotine, diluted at the rate 1 to 60 in a 6-percent distillate-oil emulsion, killed all the thrit>s touched and penetrated well into the pear cluster buds (p. 8). WATSON, J. R. (989) 1913. SPRAYING TOMATOES FOR THRIPS. Fla. Agr. Expt. Sta. , Rept. 1912, lxi-lxii. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 1: 254. 1913.] A trial strip was spmyed with the following: 5 l/3 gal. commercial lime-sulphur (33° Baume), 14 fl. oz. Black Leaf 40, and 200 gal. water. It was estimated that 78 percent of the thrips ( Euthrips. tritici) were killed. - 231 (990) 1922- THE FLOTER TKRIPS. ?la. Agr. Expt. St"-. Bull. 162, pp. 27-51, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Snt. (A) 11: 196-197. 1923.] Spraying is -pro fit-bio in groves with .an average of 2 5 thrips (Frankl iiiiella bisoluosa Morgan) to the blossom, the best insecticide being tobacco extract. Better results are obtained by the addition of a spreader consisting of 1 or 2 lb. of soap to 50 gal. or lirne- sulphur (1 : 70). The best killing effects are obtained with 1 pt. (13 oz.) of Black Leaf 40 to 100 gal. of lime-sulphur (1 :70). Instructions are also given for the preparation of tobacco extract from refuse tobacco. Tests were made with lime and nicotine sulphate dusts containing 2.2, 5, and 10 percent of nicotine sulphate. The weakest mixture gave as good results as the stronger ones. On roses the thrips may be destroyed by tobacco extract or a strong solution of soap as a spray. (991) 1928. REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST. Fla. Agr. Expt. Sta. Rept. 1926- 1927, pp. 43R-49R. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 17: 84-85. 1929.] In regard to insects predacious on aphids, it is important to choose such insecticides as tobacco products, which do not kill many predators. Among many insecticides tried, two seem to be an improvement over the 3 percent nicotine sulphate and lime dust hitherto used. Fine tobacco dust, analyzing 2 percent nicotine (snuff no. 2), was also promising. Against the Florida flower thrips ( Frankliniella tritici bispinosa Morg. nicotine sulphate (1 : 800) killed nearly 90 percent, but the best results were obtained with equal parts of sulphur and the snuff no. 2, which killed the thrips in blossom and acted as a repellent, delaying re-infestation for several days. CHAMBERLIN, F. S. (992) 1932. THE APPARENT INCOMPATIBILITY OF BARIUM FLUOSILICATE AND NICOTINE SULPHATE. Jour. Econ. Ent. 25: 135-413. A mixture consisting of 1.5 lb. barium fluosilicate, 12 oz. nicotine sulphate, and 50 gal., water was sprayed on shade-grown tobacco at Quincy, Fla., to control the tobacco thrips (F rankliniel la fusca Hinds). "It is evident from these observations that a combination spray of nicotine and barium fluosilicate is detrimental to tobacco foliage." CHILDS, L. (933) 1927. TTJO SPECIES OF THRIPS INJURIOUS TO APPLES IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. Jour. Econ. Ent. 20: 805-808, illus. [Abstract in R e v. Appl. Ent. (A) 16: 264-265. 1928.] Injury to apples known as pansy spot is caused by the oviposition punctures of Frankliniella occidental is Perg..and Aeolo thrips fasciatus L. - 232 - A 3-pprcent proprietary oil spray containing 1 vi. 40-percent nicotine sulphate to 100 gal. apolied when the trees were in full bloom and again as soon as the petals fell reduced injury by more than 50 percent, though complete control was not secured. Oil alone was not effective. LEFI5, H. C.' , ' (994) 1929. THE BEAN THRIPS ON REARS. Calif. Dept. Agr. Monthly Bull. 18 (1): £2-56, illus. [Abstract in Expt. Sta. Rec 61: 249. 1929.] As a control measure against Heliothrips fasciatus Perg. , a spray combination of oil and nicotine was used and found fairly effective, and .when thoroughly applied resulted in a great saving to growers. 3oth young and adult thrips when actually hit by this spray were killed, but a drenching spray which washed all parts of the tree was necessary. The spray combination found most satisfactory consists of a light neutral white oil emulsion 1 gal., nicotine sulphate 0.5 pt . , casein spreader 0.5 lb., hydrated lime C.5 lb., and water 100 gal. This combination has killed those thrips it has hit and causes no injury to fruit or foliage. WHITE, W. H. (995) 1916. .'.THE SUGAR-BUST THRIPS. U. S- Dept. Agr. 3ull. 421, 12 pp., illus. [Abstract in Rev.' Appi. Sat.' (A) 5: 37. 1917.]' In some tests a solution of 4 oz . nicotine sulphate with 4 lb. fish-oil soap in 50 gal. water killed 60 percent of the adults and 40 percent of the nymphs of Helio thrips femoral is Reut. ~ T ith 5 oz. nicotine sulphate in the same mixture, 90 percent of the adults and 60 percent of the nymphs were killed, and with 6 oz. nicotine sulphate, all the adults and 95 percent of the nymphs were destroyed. FSRRANT, V. (996) 1907. m DIE DEE MDWIRTSCHAJT SCH&DLICHEN INSEKTEN, DEREN LEBENS'VEISE UND BEKAMPPUNG. Gesell. Luxemburger Maturf. Bull. Mens. Monats-Ber. Neue Folge 1: 233-244, illus. [in German.] The control in Luxembourg of . Helio thrips hae m orrhoidalis 3chc is to wash the infested lea.ves with tobacco decoction, or fumigate them v. ith insect powder or tobacco. LIZER, 0. (997) 1915. HSLI0THRIPS HAEM0RRH0IDALI5 INJURIOUS TO ORNAL'ENTAL PLANTS IN THE PROVINCE OP BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA- Monthly Bull. Agr. & pi. Dis. 6, Nov. [Abstract in R v. Appl. Ent. (A) 4: 53. 1916.] A ;• inst this pest 1 percent tobacco extract in soft soap and water is successful, care being taken to wet th undersides of the leaves where the larv l< and adult insects mainly congn ';■ te. In greenhouses .where" there are no very delicate plants recourse can be h.nd to fumigation with sorm pr< pi ration of tobacco. - 233 - MOZNSTTE, 3. F. 19 S) 1921.. SOME INSECT PROBLEMS CONFRONTING THE AVOCADO GROWER. Jour. 2con. Snt. 14 (4): 341-344. [Abstract in Rev. Appl . Snt. (A) 10: 69-70. 1922.] For the control of Tetranychus yothersi McG. (avocado red spider) and Heli othriios hem orrhoidalis Ech. spraying with liquid lime-sulphur (1:50) with the addition of nicotine sulphate (40-percent) at the rate of 1 to 900 to the diluted lime sulphur, or with nicotinp sulphate at the same rate to 2 lb. powdered lime sulphur to 50 gal. water is advocated. Frankliniella cephalica Crawf. may be controlled by the addition of 2 to 3 lb. soap to every 100 gals, of the abovo nicotine sulphate solution. AHLBSRG, 0. (999) 1922. GREENHOUSE THRIPS. l.'edd. Centralanst. Forsoks, Jordbruks, No. 233 (Ent. avdel. 3.). 14 pp., illus. [in Swedish. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Snt. (A) 12: 108. 1924.] Nicotine killed only a few thrips when used as a fumigant in a greenhouse. Nicotine sprays, however, gave excellent results at the rate of 1 part of a 10-percent solution nicotine sulphate in 60-100 parts water. As the eggs are not destroyed by such a spray, application must be made at short intervals. The greenhouse thrips known in Sweden are P ar theno thrips dracaenae He eg. , He lio thrips hacmorrhoidalis Bch. , and H. femoral is Reut . MILES, H. W. (1000) 1928. AZALEA CULTURE IN BELGIUM. J ur. Minis t. Agr. 35 (2): 137-147, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Snt. (a) 16: 499-500. 1928.] For combating He ! io thrips haem o rrhoids! i s Ech. , dipping in winter, after pruning, in a mixture of soap, flowers of sulphur, chalk, and nicotine, with water as a diluent is recommended as a general preventive measure, and grafts, mr>y be dipped in nicotine soap wash or in a suspension of pyrethrum before use. BONDAR, G. (1001) 1931. ANAPHOTHRIPS ORCHIDSARUM BONDAE, A NEW PEST OF ORCHIDS, AND MEASURES AGAINST THIS AND OTHER INJURIOUS THY3AN0PTERA. Chacaras e Quintaes 44 (4): 435-436, illus. [in Spanish. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Snt. (A) 20: 107-108. 1932.] The above thrips is described as a new species from various orchids in Bahia. Other Thysanootera attacking orchids in the State are Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis Bch. , and another new species not yet described. Spraying with nicotine or lime-sulphur is the remedy advised, v/hich is also suitable for Ceratophis lataniae Boisd. , common on orchids and palms. - 2c4 - SCHEERLINCK. (1002) 1933. ERIHCIPAUX I!;SECTE3 ET MAI&DIES DE L' AZALS,-, INDICA . Fubl. Off. Hort. Hinist. A.r. Cl. Moyennes Ser. Phytopath. no. c, 21 pp. illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (a) 22: 271. 1974.] The measures recommended in greenhouses against Keli othri_ps_ haemo r rho i dal is Bch. include spraying with 1.5 or 2 parts nicotine and 20 parts soap in 1,000 ports rainwater or with an extract of 2-3 lb. tobacco leaves in 10 gal. water; dusting with tobacco; and fumigating uith tobacco smoke. Fumigation with tobacco against the adults of Gracilaria azaleela Brants should be carried out in the evenings. corbet:, ;. :■:. (1003) 1920. observations oh cotton thsips in tbs 3-ezira, blue nils province, SUDAN, IN 1918-1919. Bull. Int. Res. 11(2): 95-100. Nicotine sulphate was tried with soap in varying strengths, and the best solution found was 1 part of 32-percent nicotine sulphate to 1,200 parts of the soap solution, which was obtained by dissolving 1 lb. of the soap in 21 gal. of water (p. 100). This thrip was identified as Heliothrips i adieus Bagn. PERROTT, W. H. (1004) 1925. A SPRAY FOE CITRUS TREES. Rhodesia Agr. Jour. 22 (9): 970-971. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 14: 96. 1926.] A spray consisting of 1 gal. lime sulphur, 9 oz. nicotine sulphate (40-percent), 7 oz. universal spreader or 1 1/2 to 2 lb. sifted corn meal and 100 imperial gal. water is recommended for general use on citrus trees during the blossoming period and up to the tine the fruit is the size of hazelnuts. It prevents the attacks of thrips, aohids, and Neliothrips ( C hlori de a) cbao lr-ta . Mr. R. ?. T . Jack in discussing this formula states th-t the opra.7 must be used with considerable care when the fruit is on the trees as it is apt to blemish it. ROUGH, J. B. (1005) 1917. CACAO SPRAYING ZZEZ 2m. JTNT , 1916-1917. DeP-t. Agr. Trinidad .and Tobago Bull. 16 (3): 165-167. [Abstract in Rev. Apol. Ent. (A) 6: 152. 1918. J A solution, composed of 5 lb. bluestone, 5 lb. lime, 41 l/2 gal. water, and 5 l/2 oz. 40-percent nicotine sulphate, was successfully aoplied against Neliothrips rubro cinctus . - 235 - SALLOU, H. A. (1006) 1919.. REPORT OI 7 CACAO THRIPS ETC. IN GRENADA. Report, to the Gov. of the Windward Islands, Grenada, February 7, pp. 2-1-i. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Sat. (A) 7: 530-531. 1919.] The practice of spraying cacao suffering from attacks of the cacao thrips (lleliothr ips nibro cincfras ) has been revised only since 1916. Bordeaux mixture with Black Leaf 40 is considered more lasting in its effect than soap and nicotine; both mixtures kill a high percentage of the thrips, but reinfestation occurs within a short time. A wash containing 5 lb. Scalo and l/2 lb. Black Leaf 40 to 100 gal. water is a satisfactory insecticide against the mealybug ( Pseudococcus citri ) and should also be effective against the black or acrobat ant (C remastogestes so. ) REYNE, A. (1007) 1919. MEASURES AGAINST THE CACAO THRIPS. Meded. Dept. Landbouw Suriname, No. 15, 3 pp. Paramaribo. [in Dutch. Abstract in Rev. Appl- Snt. (a) 8: 439-440. 1920.] A 2-percent solution of bordeaux mixture containing 40-percent nicotine sulphate (1 : 1000) gave no better control of cacao thrips (Hel lo thrips rubrocinctus Giard.) than did a bordeaux mixture alone. ANONYMOUS. (1008) 1921. AS D0ENCA3 DAS PLA TACOES DE CACAN DAS ILHAS DE S. TOME E PRINCIPE. Companhia Agr. Ultramarina, Seccao Tecnica e de Patologia Vegetal, 142 pp., illus. Lisbon. A mixture, consisting of 1 gal. tobacco extract, 1 lb. whale-oil soap, and 50 gal. water, was carefully .sprayed on cacao trees infested with Heliothrios rubrocinctu s in St. Thomas (Africa). If tobacco extract containing about 40 percent of nicotine is used, use 1 part to 1,500 or 2,000 parts of water plus 1 lb. soap to 50 lb. of mixture (p. 69). REYNE, A. (1009) 1921. THE CACAO THRIPS ( HELI0THRIP5 RUBROCINCTUS GIARD) . Dept. Landbouw Suriname Bull. 44, 214 pp., illus. [in Dutch with an English summary.] Against this thrips on cacao trees in Dutch Guiana Black Leaf 40 was used in all the nicotine experiments. A 0.1-percent solution with 1 percent soap killed more than 90 percent of the adults, but no more than 50 percent of the larvae. Nicotine also has some effect on the eggs. Thrips are also killed by the vapors of nicotine (p. 209). Bordeaux combined with nicotine has been used in Trinidad since 1917 and has given good results (p. 209). - 236 - ~:"::tf, s. F. (1010) 1922. INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE MANGO IN FLORIDA AND HO™ TO COMBAT THEM. U. 5- Dept. Agr. Farmers' Bull. 1257, 22 pr., illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Snt. (A) 10: 538-539. 1922.] For combating the red-banded thrips ( Kelio thrips rubrocinctus Giard.) the lower surfaces of the leaves should be snrayed before they t irn brown with nicotine sulphate (40-percent) at 1 to 900, adding fish- oil soap to the diluted mixture to make it spread evenly. Then Te tra nyc hus yo thersi McG. is present at the same time the nicotine sulphate may be added to the lime-sulphir spray, the nicotine being us^d at the strengths given above, but the soap being omitted. WILLIAMS, R. 0. (1011) 1922. CACAO CULTIVATION IN GRENADA. Dept. Agr. Trinidad and Tobago. Bull. 19 (4): 215-223. Port of Smln. [Abstract in Rpv. Appl- Snt (A) 10: 324. 1922.] Against Helio thrips rub ro ci ne tu n Giard the remedies are improved cultivation and nicotine sulphate sprays. BONDAR, G. (1012) 1924. INSECTS INJURIOUS TO CACAO. Correio-Agr. 2 (1): 5-14. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. But. (A) 12: 182. 1924.] The addition of l/2 lb. nicotine sulphate to 42 gal. Bordeaux mixture has given good results in Central America against Helio thrips rub ro cine tur, Giard. C00LSY, R. A. (1013) 1914. TWO NEW INSECT PESTS OF CURRANTS AND GOOSEBERRIES. Jour. Econ. Fnt. 7: 193-19^. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Snt. (A) 2: 380. 1914.] Currant thrips ( Lio thrips mo nt anus) on gooseberries and red and black currants were practically all destroyed by Black Leaf 40 (1:1,000) and soap. Lime-sulphur solution was less effective. GUERCIO, G. del . (1014) 1931. LIOTHRIPS OLEAE AND ITS RELATIONS WITH TH3 5C0LYTID OLIVS BORERS. Redia 19: 75-195, illuo. [in Italian. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Snt. (A) 19: 622. 1931.] Remedial measures suggested against this thrips include a s-oray containing 1 to 1.5 percent of tobacco extract and 1 to 1.5 percent of soap. - 237 - CABANTES SALAZAR, J. (1015) 1923. 3L ARAUUELO CABRA ^L OLIVO ( PHLOEOTHRIPS OLEAE ). Hoja Agr. Popular 5 (47): 502-303. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 11: 351. 1923.] Of 17 insecticides tested against Phlo eo thrips oleae a proprietary compound containing nicotine gave the best results. It should be spr; on the olive trees in th<^ morning or evening at the period when the insects are of a black color. CONTINI, E. (1016) 1923. THE CHIEI DISEASES AND FE3TS OF THE OLIVE AND METHODS FOR COMBAT INC THEM. F.iv. Agr. 23 (13): 277-279. [in Italian. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 11: 323. 1923.] A nicotine spray should be used against Phloeothrios oleae . VUILLET, A. (1017) 1914. Oil THE PRESENCE IN FRANCS OF THE PEA THRIPS ( PHYSOTHRIPS PYRI DANIEL). Bull. soc. Pathol. Veg. de France 1: 18-20. [in French.] In the United States sprays consisting of nicotine soap solutions, with or without kerosene, are used to combat this pest. RITCHIE, A. H. (1013) 1932. REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST, 1931. Tanganyika Terr. Dept. Agr. Ann. Rept. 1931, pp. 83-36. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 21: 106-107. 1953.] Coffee was seriously affected "oy Physothrips xanthocerus Hood and Retithrips acgyetiacus M'archal. Surays recommended as a result of field trials are lime-sulphur (1:80) with the addition of 1 lb. calcium caseinate and l/2 pt. 40-nercent nicotine sulphate to each 100 gals.; or, as a combined spray against Hemeleia. and thrips in February-March, bordeaux mixture (1: 1: 10) with 1 oz. nicotine sulphate and 1 lb. fish-oil soap. HALL, W. J., and FORD, W* K. (1019) 1933. NOTES OH SOME CITRUS INSECTS OF SOUTHERN RHODESIA. Publ . Brit. 3. Afr. Co., no. 2, pp. 1-51, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 22: 79-80. 1954.] Against Sc i r t o th rips aur a n t i i Fa ur e , citrus trees are sprayed annually with 1 gal. lime-sulphur and 8 oz. spreader in 100 gal. water, with the addition in groves where Do rails ( Aphis) taVaresi del Guer . is. present, of 3 oz . nicotine (95-98 percent). - 233 - V0S1ER, E. J. (1C2C) 1915. CALENDAR OF BISECT PESTS. Calif. State Comn. Hort. Monthly Bull. 4 (5-6): 280-284, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Snt. (a) 3: 557. 1915.] Four applications of lime- sulphur or nicotine spray may be necessary to control the orange thrips ( Scirtothrins citri ). FLEHJT, A. J. (1021) 1922. THE USE OE NICOTINE DUSTS IN THE CONTROL OE CITRUS THRIPS. Calif. Dept. Agr. Monthly Bull. 11 (10): 745-754. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 11: 51-52. 1923.] Spraying is a more efficient remedy than dusting for controlling the citrus thrips ( Scirtothrj-ps citri Moult.) A oust composed largely of tobacco strengthened with nicotine sulphate seemed to be more efficient than the others. RUSS6, &. (1022) 1930. THE DECLINE OE CACAO PLANTATIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SANTO DOMINGO. Agr. Colon., 24 (10): 505-524, illus. [in Italian. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 19: 117. 1931.] The addition of nicotine to the bordeaux mixture used as a fungicide is effective against Seleno thrips r ubrocinctus G-iard on cacao BONDAR, C-. (1023) 1924. A PE3T OF ROSES IN BAHIA. Correio-Agr. 2 (2): 46-47. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 12: 225. 1924.] A nicotine spray prepared by boiling 4 lbs. of leaf tobacco refuse in 1 gal, water is diluted v.-ith four parts water to one part infusion i*fcig a little soap for combating Sty lotarir-s bo ndari Morg. DU3TAN, A. G., slid KATTHEWMAN, W. G>. (1024) 1932. NOTES ON TASNI0THRIP3 GLADIOLI MOULTON AND STEIN1EDEN. Ent. Soc Out. 62uc Ann. Reot. 1931, po. 84-37. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Snt. (A) 21: 287-288. 1953.] I 'Ing the corns in autumn in dips containing nicotine sulphate not effective against the gladiolus thri-ps. SMITH, F. F. , and :, T SIGEL, C- A- (1025) 1932. TAENIOTHRI PS GLADIOLI M. and S., A NEE PEST OF GLADIOLUS. Jour. Econ. Ent. 25 (2): 312-318, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl- Snt. (A) 20: 420-421. 1932.] - 239 - One of the suggested control measures is to immerse the infested corms for 15 to 20 minutes in a solution containing 1 oz. free nicotine to 3 gal. water or for 1 hour in a nicotine and soa^ solution. None of these treatments are likely to affect the eggs, and they would have to be repeated when the eggs have hatched. McDANISL, E. I. (1026) 1933. SPRAYING- TO CONTROL THE GLADIOLUS THRIPS, TAENIOTHRIPS GLADIO LI M. & 5. i IN MICHIGAN IN THE SEASON OF 1932- Jour. Econ. Ent . 26: 835-836. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 21: 466, 604. 1933.] Nicotine sprays which were used by growers, often proved ineffective owing to excessive dilution, or failure to apply immediately after mixing. WEIGEL, C. A., and SMITH, F. F. (102?) 1933. THE PRESENT STATUS OF THE G LADIOLUS THRIPS IN THE UNITED STATES. Jour. Econ. Ent. 26 (3): 523-528. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 21: 464. 1933.] Observations in several greenhouses show that Taeniothrips gladioli Moult. & Stnw. is not controlled by spraying twice weekly with strong solution of nicotine. GAMBRELL, F. L- (1028) 1934. GLADIOLUS THRIPS CONTROL STUDIES AND OBSERVATIONS ON BULB MITE INFESTATION. Jour. Econ. Ent. 27: 1159-1166, illus. The plants sprayed with paris green-brown sugar or with nicotine- casein mixtures were larger than those sprayed with other materials, and the injury by thrips ( Taeniothrips gladioli ) and mites ( Rhi'zoglyphu s hyacinth! ) was less. CAMERON, A. 51. , and TRSHERNE, R. C- (1029) 1917. WORK OF COMBATING THE PEAR THRIPS IN THE SAANICH PENINSULA. Agr. Jour. Victoria, Brit. Columbia 1 (12): 208. [Abstract in Rev. At>pl. Ent. (A) 5: 202-203. 1917.] A spray of whale-oil soap 5 lb., Black Leaf 40, 3/4 pt. and water 85 gal. gave absolute control of pear thrips ( Taeniothrj-ps i nconsequcns) on apples, but the results on pears and prunes were not satisfactory. Owing to the prevalence of apple scab in 1917 a combination spray of summer strength lime-sulphur and Black Leaf 40(1:900) was recommended for the second and third applications on apples and pears. As a first application for apples, pears, and cherries the whale-oil soap and Black Leaf 40 combination spray is advised. The first application should be made when the thrips make their appearance, the second as the blossoms are showing color, and the third just after they are shed. - 240 - SCREEN, T. :-:. (1030) 1917. REPORT ON PLANT DISEASES IN NORM" IN 1916. Saertryk ur Landtbruks direktOrens Aarsberetning for 1916, pp. 37-85. Christiania. [in Norwegian. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Znt. (A) 6: 284-286. 1918.] A nicotine spray is suggested as a control for Taeniothrips inconseauens . WINSLOW, R. M. (1031) 1917. FRUIT GROWERS REALISE THAT INCREASED SPRAYING- 13 NECESSARY. Agr. Jour. Victoria, Brit. Columbia, 1 (12): 213. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 5: 203. 1917.] The result of experimental work shows that nicotine sulphate and a whale-oil soap spray will control pear thrips ( Taeniothrips inconseauens Against aphids a mixture of Black Leaf 40-, 6 oz., lime 2 lb., and 100 gal. water destroys practically all the insects. CAMERON, A. E. , and TREHERNE, R. C. • (1032) 1918. THE PEAR THRIPS ( TAENIOTHRIPS INCONSEQUEN S UZEL) AND ITS CONTROL IN BRITISH COLUI'BIA. Canad. Dept. Agr. Ent. Br. Bull. 15, pp. 1-51, i 1 lus . Four applications were more effective in controlling the thrips than two; nevertheless, the results obtained from two sprayings were quite satisfactory. The general results attending the use of the whale- oil-soap-nicotine mixture closely approximate in degree to those of the oil-nicotine mixtures, Black Leaf 40 was the nicotine used (rip. 44-46). TREHERNE, R. C. (1033) 1919. INSECT NOTES OP THE YEAR 1918. Agr. Jour. Dept. Agr., Victoria, Brit. Columbia 3 (11-12): 258, 281, 301. [Abstract in Rev. Aopl. Ent. (A) 7: 170-172. 1919.] It lias been found that spraying against the adults of the p,?°r thrips ( Taeniothrips inconsequens) is more important than egainst the larvae, end applications of nicotine and soap spray were made on several dates. Soap and nicotine sprays should be applied as soon as the onion thrips ( Thrips t abaci ) appear in numbers in the axils of the leaves. ESSIG, S. 0. (1034) 1920. THE PEAR THRIPS. Calif. Agr. Expt. Sta. Circ. 223, 9pp., illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 9: 380. 1921.] A spray of 5 gals, miscible oil and 1 pt. Black Leaf 40 made up to 200 gal. with water should be applied against the adults Taeniothrips - 241 - inconseguens Uzel) .repeatedly until th*=ir numbers decrease. If the larvae become numerous, spraying should be carried out with the above formula modified to 3 gal. of miscible oil and 1 l/2 pt. Black Leaf 40. ' A 5-^ercent "Nicodust" kills all exposed thrios; it is more effective against the adults than the immature stages. PHIPPS, C. R. (1035) 1921. CONTROL OF THE PEAR THRIPS. N. Y. Agr. Bxpt. Sta- Bull. 484, 11 pp., illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 9: 325-326. 1921.] As soon as the adults of Taeniothrips inconseguen s Uzel ( pyri Dan.) appear in numbers the ends of the buds should be thoroughly wetted with miscible oil and nicotine sulphate._ A spray of lime-sulphur and Bordeaux mixture with the addition of 3/4 pt. nicotine sulphate to every 100 gal. of spray should be applied when the cluster buds are separating. Por the destruction of the larvae on the fruit nicotine sulphate may be added to the usual bordeaux or lime-sulphur sprny or nicotine sulphate and soap may be used. SMITH, L. H. (1036) 1935. THE EMERGENCE OF PEAR THRIPS IN THE HEALD3BURG AREA OF CALIFORNIA IN 1932. Calif. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 562, 16 pp., illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 22: 133-134. 1934.] Emergence in orchards sprayed or dusted with nicotine [cf. R.A-E. 16: 118] during the preceding spring showed that three to six applications had failed to reduce the population of Taeniothrips inconseguens Uzel to a negligible number. BAUMLER, C. (1037) 1877. DIE MIL3EN-, ROTHS ODER BLUT - SPINNS ( ACARUS TELARIUS ) UND DER BLASENFUSS ( THRIPS ) Deut. Mag. Garten- und Blumenkunde, pp. 134-135. The tobacco fumigation of potted flower plants bearing thrips is recommended by Dr. Leunis in his work on Zoology. SCHRODER, E. (1038) 1932. A THRIPS IN AN EARLY VARIETY OF CABBAGE. Obst- u. Gemusebau 70: 27-28, illus. [in German. Abstract in Rev. Apol. Ent. (a) 21: 528. 1933.] The a.pplication of a spray containing 2 percent tobacco and 0.75 percent soft soap gave good results against Thrips an^usticeps Uzel. FULMEK, L. (1039) 1911. THRIPS FLAVA SCHR. ALS NELK2NS CRADLING UND EINIGE 3FMERKUNGEN UBER NIKOTINRAUCHERVERSUCHE IN GLASHAUSERN. Ztschr. Pflanzkrank. 21 (5): 276-280. illus. - 242 - Thrips on plants in a greenhouse were fumigated over night "by- using 1,000 g. of tobacco dust for each 100 cu. m. of space. The results obtained were not satisfactory. A large percentage of them were not killed, because they were not reached by the smoke. PAPS, H. (1040) 1925. TOMATO PESTS. Gartenwelt, no. 36-37. 1925. [Abstract in Anz. Schadlingsk. 1 (12): 142-143. In German. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 14: 99. 1926.] Spraying with nicotine sulphate or tobacco soap on dull days or fumigation with nicotine or pyrethrum are the measures recommended against Thrips flavus Schr. var. obsoletus Uzel. Spraying with nicotine should check the potato flea beetle Psylliode s affinis Payk. Spraying with lime-sulphur with the addition of 1 percent nicotine or 5 percent tobacco dust should be adopted for the control of Lygus pabulines L. and L« pratensis L- (1041) 1927. A FEW IMPORTANT BISECT PESTS ON CARNATIONS AND THEIR CONTROL. Gartenwelt. 31: 233-289, illus. [in German. ] The control of Thrips flavus Schr. , T_. tabac i Lind- , and T_. haemo r rho i da 1 i s Rche. in hothouses is effected by repeated fumigation with tobacco or insect powder, or with tobacco extract. ADAMS, R. (1042) 1902. DER THRIPS UND DESSEN BSKSMPFUNG. Gartenwelt 6 (27): 315-316. In Germany it is recommended that Thrip s ha emo r rho i dal i s on shrubs and flowers should be sprayed with tobacco juice and soap solution, or if the plants are in greenhouses they should be fumigated with tobacco. ZOLLIG, p. (1043) 1927. CONTROLLING THRIPS ON CARNATIONS. Gartenwelt 31: 110. (in German. ] Fumigating Thrips haemo r rho i dal is on carnations in Germany with a mixture of tobacco leaves and insect powder has been found very effective. The hothouses and hotbeds must be closed airtight, and the plants should be absolutely dry. MAYET, V. (1044) 1898. LES INSECTES DE L'OLIVISR. Pro<. Agr. et Vitic. 29: 678-681. Olive trees infested with Thrips oleae Costa should be fumigated with tobacco. In order to produce a dense smoke under the trees, use any part of the tobacco plant suitable to burn. * 243 - FRENCH, C. , JH. (1045) . 1913. INSECT PESTS OF THE POTATO. Jour. Dept. Agr. of Victoria, Melbourne 11(12): 727-748, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl- Ent. (A) 2: 117-119. 1914.] Against Thrips tabaci Lind. on potatoes the following spray mixture is recommended in Australia: Steep 1 lb. tobacco in 1 gal. hot water, and soak for 24 hours; boil 1 lb. soap in 1 gal. water, strain the tobacco water into the soap water, stir and make up to 5 or 6 gal. (p. 118). GURNEY, W. B. • : ' (1046) 1914. THRIPS IN ORCHARDS. A WARNING TO FRUIT-GROWERS . Agr. Gaz. N. . S. Wales 25 (8): 685-687. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 2: 705. 1914.] For combating Thrips tabaci the trees should be sprayed as late . as possible before the buds open with lime-sulphur solution, and as the buds are opening use tobacco wash, 1 lb. to 2 gal. water, with high pressure. SAYRE, C- B. • (1047) 1916. COMMERCIAL ONION GROWING. Ind. Agr. Expt. Sta. , Circ 57, 25 pp. illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 5: 186. 1917.] The mixture recommended against the onion thrips, T hrips tabaci , consisted of 5 oz. concentrated nicotine sulphate, 4 lb. whale-oil soap, and 50 gal. water. KINSEY, M. E. (1048) 1917. ONION THRIPS, ( THRIPS TABACI ). Ind- State Ent. Ninth Ann. Rept. (1915-1916), pp. 43-47, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Apt>l. Ent. (A) 6: . 506. 1918.] A contact spray should be applied at intervals of not more than 3 weeks until the pest is controlled. The formula recommended is 4.3 oz. nicotine sulphate and 4 lb. whale-oil soap to 50 gal. water. BOYELL, J. R. (1049) 1921. INSECT PESTS AND FUNGOID DISEASES, ETC. Barbados Dept. Agr. Rept. 1918-1919, pp.- 22-27.- [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 9:. 550. 1921.] Thrips tabaci attacking eschalots were successfully controlled by soap and Black Leaf 40. - 244 - BOURNS, B. A. . (1050) 1921. HEPOHE 0? THE ASSISTANT DIHECTOE OF AGRICULTURE ON THE ENTOMOLOGICJ AND MYCOLOGICAL .WOEK CARRIED OUT DURING THE SEASON UNDER REVIEW. • Barbados Dept. Agr. Kept. 1919-1920, pp. 10-31. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 9: 222-323. 1921.] Thrins tabaci Lind. attacking shallot ( All rum ascalonicum) was controlled by: nicotine sulphate. H05SJALL, J. L. (1051) 1921. SOURCES OF INFESTATION OE THRIPS TABACI IN IOWA. Jour. Econ. Ent. ■14:- 493-496, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 10: 191-192.] . ■ Onion thrips were checked by the application of nicotine sulphate nnd soap by means of a Hardie barrel sprayer with hose extension. PETTIT, R. H. (1052) 1924.. ONION THRIPS (THRIPS TABACI ). IMPROVED METHODS OF CONTROL. Mich. Agr. Expt. Sta. Quart. Bull. 6 (3): 107-109, illus. [Abstract in R P v. Apol. Ent. (A) 12: 500. 1924.] Nicotine (40-percent) at 1 to 800 plus 4 lb. laundry soap to 100 gal. is recommended for the control of Thrips tabaci . Two applications should be made with an interval of 6 or 7 days. If a dust is applied, one of the standard' nicotine dusts should be used. BOURNE, A. I. (1053) 1926. A STUDY OF THE LIFE HISTORY AMD CONTROL OF THE ONION THRIPS. Mass. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 227, pp. 48-51. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 14: 483-490. 1926.] The most satisfactory insecticide against onion thrips (T hrips tabaci Lind. ) consists of l/2 pt. nicotine sulphate (40-percent) to 100 gal. water (1:1,500) with the addition of 6-8 lb. potash oil soap per 100 gal. The spray must be apolied in a fine mist at a pressure of 125- 150 lb. A second application made 7 to 8 days after the first is recommended. RUSSO, G. (1054) 1927. RELATION OF DISEASES OF THE CULTIVATED COTTON, POTATOES, EGG PLANT, AND ONIONS IN THE PROVINCE OF MONTE CHRISTIE, DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. Lab. Ent. Estac Nacion. Agron. y Col. Agr. Circ 1, pp. 1-13. [In Spanish. Abstract in Biol. Abs. 7 (1): 147. Entry 1447. 1923.] Thrips tabaci Lind. is widely distributed and very injurious to onions. A spray of tobacco extract or kerosene emulsion is recommended. - 245 - BOURNE, A. 1 4 (1055) 1929. SPRAYING FOR THE CONTROL OF ONION THHIFS IN MASSACHUSETTS . Jour. Econ. Ent. 22(4): 679-633, illus. [Abstract in Biol. Abs . 5 (6-7): 1760. Entry 17,921. 1931.] A combined spray of nicotine and a soft, pourable, potash fish- oil soap has given satisfactory control of the onion thrips ( Thrips tabaci ) Repeated sprays at 7 to 8 day intervals are necessary to reach newly- hatched young and migrants from near-by fields. A promising power sprayer adopted for. field spraying of onions has been detelopcd. FLINT, W. p. et al. (1056) 1929. ENTOMOLOGY INVESTIGATIONS. 111. Agr. Expt. Sta. Ann. Rept. 1928- 1929, pp. 138-151, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (a) 18: 249-250. 1930.] Best results against the onion thrips ( Thrips tabaci Lind.) were obtained with a 2.4 percent nicotine dust applied with a hand duster and driven straight down into the plant. VINSON, J. (1057) 1929. THE ONION THRIPS ( THRIPS TABACI LINDEMAN)'. Maurice Dept. Agr. Leafl. no. 29, 3 pp., Reduit. [in French. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 18: 338. 1930.] Sprays recommended include 4 oz. nicotine sulphate, 4 lb. whale- oil soap and 40 gal. water, which has hitherto given the most satisfactory results, and a simple decoction of tobacco leaves at the rate of about 1 lb. to 2 gal. water. *EH0R0V, S. M. (1058) 1930. TOBACCO THRIPS ( THRIPS TABACI LIND.) AS A PEST OF TOBACCO PLANT IN CRIMEA. Eos 6 (3): 229-248, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl- Ent. (A) 18: 700. 1930.] Effective control of Thrips tabaci Lind, can be obtained by spraying with 2 percent soap solution or 0.05 percent tobacco extract. PEARSON, K. M. (1059) 1930. THE THRIPS FACTOR IN ONION STERILITY, Jour. Econ. Ent. 23: 829-831. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) l g : 94. 1931.] A spray consisting of nicotine sulphate and fish-oil soap is effective against Thrips tabaci , although scarcely practicable. ILLINGWORTH, J. F, (1060) 1931. YELLOW SPOT OF PINEAPPLES IN HAWAII. Phytopathology 21 (9): 865-880, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 19: 548. 1931.] 246 - In order to keep Thrips ta"baci out of oineapple plants, various substances have been tried, including tobacco dust. A deterrent added to these, composed of oil emulsion with tobacco extract, increases their efficiency. Dusting sulphur is also a promising remedy; tobacco extract alone evidently volatilizes too quickly, as it has proved ineffective. BOURNS, A. I., andWHITCOMB, W. D. (1061) 1932. DEPARTMENT OE ENTOMOLOGY. Mass. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 280, p-o. 213-220. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 20: 405-405. 1932.] A nicotine-soap spray reducr-d the numbers of the onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lind.) on seed onions from 1,200 to 125 per 100 plants in one instance, and from 3,250 to 190 in another. Botn soot and tobacco dust, applied to the crowns of carrots and the soil around them, gave almost complete control of the carrot rust fly (Psila rosae E.), and slightly stimulated the growth of the plants. SHANNON , L. W. (1062) 1932. OBSERVATIONS OE THE ASSOCIATION OE THRIPS WITH ARSENICAL INJURY ON SNAP BEANS. Jour. Econ. Ent. 25 (5): 1112-1113. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 20: 700. 1932.] Insecticide injury observed on the plot of beans treated with magnesium arsenate in May and June did not increase following applications made in combination with nicotine sulphate (1 to 400), which controlled Thrips tabaci Lind- CARTER, W. (1063) 1932. COMPARISON OE TOBACCO DUST WITH OTHER FORMS OF NICOTINE IN CONTROL OE YELLOW SPOT DISEASE OE PINEAPPLES. Jour. Econ. Ent. 25 (5): 1031-1035. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 20: 690. 1932.] Tobacco dust was tested together with seven other forms of nicotine as a control measure against yellow spot, a virus disease transmitted by Thrios tabaci Lind. The results clearly indicate the superiority of tobacco dust over the other nicotine applications. BOURNE, A. I-, and WHIT COME, W. D. (1064) 1933. DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY. Mass. Agr. Exnt. Sta. Bull. 293 (Ann. Rept. 1932), pp. 28-34. [Abstract in Rpv. Appl- Ent. (A) 21: 417-419. 1933.] Sprays of nicotine sulphate gave a greater and more moid re- duction in the number of onion thrips ( Thrips tabaci Lind.) than derrisol (p. 417). Tobacco dust and soot broadcast three times at weekly intervals proved very satisfactory against the carrot rust fly (Psila rosae F. ) (p. 418), though when applied twice these materials gave little advantage over the untreated plots. - 247 - BARTSCH,. G. (1055) 1901. ALLGEMEINES UBER DIE ORCHIDEEH. Gartenflora 50: 236-291. A lumber of tin vessels filled with tobacco extract, placed on the steam pipes in hot houses, will produce enough fumes to keep thrips on orchids in check. FROGGATT, W. V*. (1066) 1906. THRIPS OR BLACK FLY (TH YSANOPTERA ) . Agr. Gaz. N- s« Wales 17 (10): 1005-1011. Fumigation with tobacco in greenhouses is the only successful treatment for thrips in England and America, but it requires a stronger dose to keep them than it does to destroy aphids. Where the plants are in pots and small, they can be taken and dipped upside down in kerosene emulsion, or soap, and tobacco waste. DRAPS, E. (1067) 1907. LES INSECTICIDES ET LEUR EMPLOI EN SERRE. Tribune Hort. 2: 88. Make a decoction, using the ribs of tobacco leaves and other waste tobacco, and dip the greenhouse plants bearing thrips or aphids in the decoction or spray them three times. This is recommended in Belgium. RUSSELL, H. M. (1068) 1912. THE RED-BANDED THRIPS. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Eat. Bull. 99, pt. 2, 29 p-o. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 1: 98-99. 1913.] A spray made of one part Black Leaf tobacco extract containing 40-percent nicotine to 1,500 or 2,000 parts of water, with 1 lb. whale- oil soap to every 50 gal., gave good results against tne red-banded thrips . LABOY, 0. (1069) 1913. RUBBER IN BRAZIL. Minist. Agr. Ind. e Cornm. 153 pp. illus. Rio de Janeiro. [in Portuguese. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (a) 2: 193-194. 1914.] A spray of 1 percent solution of nicotine or petroleum emulsion is useful against thrips on rubber. POUILLAUDE, I. (1C70) 1913. SOME INJURIOUS THYSANOPTERA. Insecta, Rennes , April, pp. 139-145 , illus. [in French. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 1: 217. 1913.] - 248 - In the ooen a 1.5 percent solution of nicotine with 1.25 percent soft soap is recommended. Tobacco fumigation is recommended in green- houses. FRENCH, C. JR. (1071) 1914. THE THRIPS PEST. Victoria Dept. Agr. Jour. 12 (11): 688. [Abstract in Rev. Appl- Ent. (A) 2: 97. 1915.] Benzol emulsion is recommended against thrips and also the following preparation: Steep 1 lb. tobacco in 1 gal. hot water, leave to soak for 24 hours; boil 1 lb. soap in 1 gal. water until the soap is dissolved; strain the tobacco water into the soap water, stir well and make up to 5 or 6 gal. SUBNET, W. 3. (1072) 1914. SPRAYING FOR THRIPS. Agr. Gaz. N. 5. Wales 25 (9): 821. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 3: 25. 1915.] Apple and pear blossoms should be sprayed against thrips with a tobacco wash prepared as follows: Steep 1 lb. of tobacco refuse over- night in a gallon of water; strain off the liquid in the morning and add l/4 lb. soft soap with 1 gal. hot water; apply while still warm though not hot. The addition of the soft soap will be an advantage in the first spraying as it makes the tobacco adhere better, but should be used more sparingly in later applications to the open blooms. TCHIKOV, P. V. (1073) 1915. A SHORT GUIDE TO THE CULTIVATION OP TOBACCO IN THE DISTRICT OP SUCHUM. Bull, of the Suchum Hort. and Agr. Expt. Sta. no. 20, 16 pp. Suchum. [in Russian. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 4: 297, 1916.] The tobacco thrips should be controlled with sprays of tobacco extract. URICH, E. W. (1074) 1916. INSECT PESTS IN TRINIDAD. Ent. Rept., Min. Kept. Bd. Agr. Trinidad, pp. 1-56. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 5: 171. 1917.] The spraying mixture that has proved most efficacious against thrips on cacao is Black Leaf 40 (1 : 1,200). Stronger solutions are required for killing the larvae and nymphs than for the adults, the nymphs being the most resistant. VAN HERMANN, H. A. , and CUNLIEEE, R. S. (1075) 1916. VEGETABLE GROWING. Estacion Expt, Agr. Havana. Circ 51, 75 op., illus. [in Spanish. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 5: 80. 1917.] Thrips and othor insects that suck the juice of plants can be controlled by tobacco solutions, or strong soap. - .249 - URICH, F. W. (1076) 1918. SCRIPS, BLACK ANTS AND OTHER IliSECT PESTS OF CACAO IN GPJENADA, .WITH. A NOTE Pi: COCONUT DISEASE. Rept. presented to the Govt, of Grenada, 23 pp. illus. Trinidad... [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent . (A) 6: 496-^97. 1913.] Artificial control of thrips, which is a necessity for cacao growers, should consist of spraying three times, at one month's interval, with bordeaux mixture (5: 5: 50), to v.nich is added nicotine sulohate (1 : 1,000). BRUCX, E. (1077) 1922. CITPJCULTURE IN CALIFORNIA. Bol. Minis t. Agr.j I n dus. e Comim. Brazil, 11 (o): 55-153, illus. [in Portuguese. ] Against aphids and thrips on citrus trees in California the following spray mixture is used: 1 pt. tobacco extract (40-percent nicotine sulphate), 4 to 5 lb. fish-oil soap, and 100 gal. water (p. 123). This formula is cited by the author in his monograph on the citrus culture in California, quoted from the American literature. PAOLI, G. (1078) 1922. PONDERED TOBACCO AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE EXTRACT. Costa Azzurra Agr. Floreale 2 (1): 5-6. In Italian. Tobacco powder was soaked in water for 10 to 12 hours, using 1 part of the powder to 4 or 5 aarts of water; this gave a dark brown solution with a strong tobacco odor. A 3.5 to 4 percent solution of this decoction was very effective against thrips on fruit trees. TAYLOR, f. H. (1079) 1923. VINE-CULTURE UNDER GLASS. Jour. Dept. Agr, N. Zeal. 26: 172- 177. A tobacco spray apolied two or three nights in succession will control thrips on grape vinns under glass. Tobacco should not be used when the berries are ripening, as the flavor of the tobacco remains for some time (p. 177). COLLARS, J. W. (1080) 1924. CITRUS-CULTURE. Jour. Dept. Agr. N. Zeal. 29: 420. An application of nicotine sulphate (1 : 750) is recommended against thrips on citrus trees in New Zealand, when red-oil emulsion has not been fully effective. Such a spray will also control any black aphid present. - 250 - DUBOIS, F. (1081) 1924. C0NTB3 LES INSECTES INVISIBLES AUX 0SILLET3. Vie Agr. et Rur. 24 (15): 253. April 12. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 12: 253. 1924.] Nicotine proved by far the most successful of all the remedies tried against thrips on carnations. The formula recommended is 1 gal. 10-percent nicotine with 10 lb. soft soap to 100 gal. water. The nico-tine sprays should be applied as late as possible in the evening. EA2MOND, G. (1082) 1924. CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF THRIPS ATTACKING CASEATIONS* Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, N. S. 70 (1923): 160-171, illus. [in French. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 13: 164-135. 1925.] The best remedy was nicotine and soap solution. PAPE, H. (1083) 1927. INJURIES ON CYCLAMEN 3Y THRIPS. Gartenwelt 31: 8-9, illus. [in German.] Immediate control of thrips on cyclamen in Germany is effected by repeated fumigation with tobacco or with insect powder. Spraying with a 10-percent nicotine sulphate solution in 60 to 100 parts of water at frequent intervals has been found very effective. SCHUBACK, G. (1084) 1927. CONTROLLING THRIPS IN CARNATIONS. Gartenwelt 31: 127. [in German. ] On cloudy days or in the evenings the infested plants were sprayed once a week with a mixture consisting of 250-300 g. nicotine sulphate, 1 kg soft soap, and 200 1. water. SI.^EE, C. (1085) 1927. REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST. Nyasaland Dept. Agr. Rept. 1926, pp. 13-20. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 16: 74-77. 1928.] Ordinary sprays, such as tobacco extract and paraffin emulsion, were successful when used early against thrips, I. ACARINA, 1902-1924 1. I-, p;t 3--i ders, 1904-1934 SHERRARD, 0. (1086) 192 6. THE WINTER SPRAYING 07 FRUIT TREES. TESTS WITH THE NEW TAR-OIL WASHES. Ireland. Dept. Lands & Agr. Jour. 25 (3): 297-304. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Bat, (A) 14: 133-184. 1926.] Caustic soda and nicotine, among other preparations, were quite ineffective against the eggs of the red spider ( Bryonia* ) . GASMAN, P. (1087) 1921. THE EUROPEAN REE MITE, A NEW ORCHARD PEST III CONNECTICUT ( PARATETRANYCHUS PI10SUS CAN. AND FANZ-.) Conn. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 226, pp. 184-189, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 9: 293. 1921.] In Oregon a combination of nicotine sulphate and lime-sulphur or scalecide has been found very effective. •BE LONG-, B. M. (1083) 1923. RESULTS OE SPRAYING AND BUSTING NOR TEE CONTROL OE THE REB SPIBER ( PARATETEANYCH US PI LOSUS ) . .Jour. Econ. Ent. 16: 88-90. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 11: 226-227. 1923.] Various combinations of sulphur dust which have been tried against this pest on -prunes in New York State, all of which destroyed from 50 to 60 percent of the insects. The addition of nicotine, lead arsenate, or lime and lead arsenate did not apparently increase the efficacy. HAMILTON, C. C . (1089) 1926. THE EUROPEAN REB MITE. N. J. Agr. Expt. Sta. Circ. 187, 8 pp. [Abstract in Rev. Aopl. Ent. (A) 14: 297. 1926.] Lime sulphur (1:9) even with the addition of nicotine sulphate (1:500) was unsatisfactory against Paratetranychus pilosus C. & E. , as over 30 percent of the eggs hatched. BRIGGSRS, 3. E. (1090) 1928. EEEECT OE EARLY SUMMER AND LATE SUMMER WHITE OIL AND NICOTINE SULPHATE SPRAYS ON THE NUMBER OE EGGS OE THE EUROPEAN REB MITE OVER- WINTERING ON PEACH TREES. Jour. Econ. Ent. 21: 878-882. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. 17: 180. 1929.] Five applications of nicotine sulphate (1:800) or 1 percent white oil emulsion on peaches in Nay and June failed to prevent the - 252 - deposition of a number of eggs by the E"uro-oean red mite ( P a r a t e t r a ny chu s pilosus C» & F« ) , and three applications in August of ground tobacco dust produced no reduction in the number of eggs overwintering. Four applications in August of nicotine sulphate (1:800) gave a reduction of 29 percent, and 1 percent oil emulsion applied four times in August gave a reduction of 98.9 percent in the number of overwintering eggs. MASSBE, A* ::• (1091) 1929. THE FRUIT TEES FED SPIDER ( 0LIG0NYCHUS ULMI c. L. KOCH). East Mailing Fes. Sta. Fept. 1928, 16 (1): 110-122. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Snt. (A) 17: 500-501. 1929.] Paratetranychus pilosu s C. & ?., of which the author considers Cligonychus ulmi Koch to he an earlier name, has considerably increased on fruit trees during recent years. This is considered to be due to the general and continued use of tar distillate winter washes which either destroy or drive away hibernating insects that prey on it and to the consequent disuse of many of the routine sprays of sulphur and nicotine which are toxic to mites. GASMAN, P. (1092) 1930. A STUDY OF VARIOUS OILS AND EMULSIONS FOR KILLING THE EGGS OF THE EUROPEAN RED MITE. EXPERIMENTS WITH OILS ON A DOUBLE INFESTATION OF APHID S AND EUROPEAN RED MITES AT THE EXPERIMENT FARM AT MOUNT CARMSL. Conn. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 315, pp. 571-575; 576-578. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Snt. (A) 18: 544-545. 1930.] Best results in field experiments against aphid s were obtained with lime-sulphur (12:100) containing nicotine sulphate (1:400); the combinations of oil emulsion with nicotine sulphate or frep nicotine (1 l/2 :800) ranking next. In the case of the European red mite ( Pa rate t r any chus pilosus C & F. ) the order of effectiveness was the same. RYLE, G. B. (1093) 1925. THE CONIFER SPINNING MITE OR RED SPIDER, PARHTZTRANYCHJS ( OLIGONYCHUS) UHUMGUIS, JACOBI. Quart. Jour. Forestry 19 (l): 31-39, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Snt. (A) 13: 59-60. 1925.] Nicotine was quite ineffective against the above mite. WAHL, R. (1094) 1916. CONTROL OF TETRANYCTJ5 SPP. Mitt. Landw.-Bakteriol, u. Pflanzschutzsta. , Vienna, 12 po. , illus. [in German. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 8: 262. 1920.] sures advocated for the red spider include the application of quassia, nicotine, .and lime*- sulphur sprays, the last being considered "1 cacous. - 255 - CAMPBELL, J. A. (1095) 1917. WORK FOR THE COMING MONTH. THE ORCHARD. Jour. Agr. Wellington! Hew Zealand 14 (4): 308-311, April 20, 1917; 15 (5): 221-225, October 20. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (a) 6: 95-96. 1916.] For wooly aphids ( Eriosoma lanigerum) Black Leaf 40 (1:800) combined with lead arsenate is recommended. For red mites ( Tetranychus) Black Leaf 40 (1:800 ) combined with arsenate of lead is recommended. GALLARD, L. (1096) 1920. STRAWBERRY CULTURE AROUND SYDNEY. Agr. Gaz. Ni S- Wales 31 (11): 815-820, ill-is. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Eat. (A) 9: 88-89. 1921.] A nicotine spray is effective against red soiders (Tetranychus) on strawberry leaves where it can be applied without interfering with the fruit, but plenty of water is perhaps the best remedy. &IACC0NE, V. (1097) 1921. JULUS AND TETRANYCHUS. Uruguay Minis t. Ind. Def. Agr., Bol. Mens, 2 (4): 114-115, illus. [in Spanish. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 10: 227. 192?,.] Against Tetrany chus a 3 percent solution of soap or a solution of tobacco extract will give good results. McGregor, e. a. (io98) 1913. THE 2ZD SPIDER OP COTTON. U. S- Lent. Apr. Bur. Ent. Circ. 172, 22 pp., illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 1: 353-354. 1913.] Against Tetranychus bimaculatus Harvey on cotton in South Carolina the following spray mixture was successfully used: 2.5 gal. miscible oil, 26 oz. 40-percent nicotine sulphate, and water to make 100 gal. in all. PARKER, W. B. (10 99) 1913. THE REE SPIDER ON HOPS IN THE SACRAMENTO VALLEY OF CALIFORNIA. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 117, 41 pp-, illus. Sprays containing 40-percent nicotine sulphate (p. 26) killed as high as 98.9 percent cf the mites (T;; 'anych us bimaculatus Harvey) treated, but they are not recommended for practical control work. McGregor, s. a. (noo) 1914. RED SPIDER CONTROL. Jour. Econ. Ent.. 7 ( 1) : 524-336. One of the effective sprays used against this spider ( Tetranychus. bimaculatus Harvey) on cotton was miscible oil combined with Black Leaf Tobacco Extract. IIDER, N. (1101) 1904. CU17URI ECLCEZ DE8 FIGUISR3 EN POTS. Rev. Kort. 76: 571-573. Against the red spider (Te trenych us telarius ) and aphid s on fig- trees the follovjing spray mixture was effective: 2 1. nicotine, 125 g. black potassium soap, 100 g. sodium carbonate, and IOC 1. water. BELLAIR, G. (1102) 1911. L'ACARIZH DES SALVIAS. Rev. Hort. 83: 230-251. Good results were obt^in^d by dipaing Salvia , infested with redsoide: ( T^tra nychus telarius ) , in the following mixture: 10 1. water, 100 cc. rich tobacco juice, 100 cc wood alcohol, 100 g. black: soap, and 100 g. sodium carbonate. McGRSGOR, E. A., and McDONOUGH, 7. L. (1103) 1917. THE RED SPIDER ON COTTON. U. 3. Dept. Agr. Bull. 416, 72 p., illus. [Abstract in hev. Appl. Snt. (A) 5: 242-244. 1917.] For the control of the rpd spider [ Tetrpnychus t elarius L ( ~ b imeculatus Harvey) J nicotine sulphate l/2 to 1/4 lb. fish-oil so.no with 2 gal. water was found a perfect spray, and nicotine sulphate (1:500) and a miscible oil (1:40) also caused complete mortality. These sorr-ys do not destroy the eggs. In spraying it is necessary to hit the tntire underside of every leaf of an infested plant. SEVERIN, H. C. (1104) 1919. TENTH ANNUAL REPORT 0? THE STATS ENTOMOLOGIST OF SOUTH DAKOTA FOR THE PERIOD ENDING 30TH JUNE 1919. S- D. State Col,, pp. 1-36, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent, (A) 8: 217-218. 1920.] Against currant aphids (I'yzus rub is L. ) and mites ( Tetranychus telariu s L.) 40-percent nicotine sulphate ( 1 : ,1000) with soap was advocated. VOCELTEID, V. (1105) 1922. THE DEVASTATION OF HOP FIELDS OF THE L0T,'iR RHINE 3Y TETRANYCHUS TELARIUS L. Bull. Assoc. Fhilomathique d 'Alsace et de Lorraine, 6 (1921), pt. 3, pp. 71-89, illus. Saverne. [in French. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 10: 631. 1922.] of nicotine, black soap, and spirits of wine are efficacious if used at the correct periods in the life-cycle of the above red spider. ANONYMOUS (1106) 1926. THE CHIEF ENEMIES OF LUCERNE IN ARGENTINA. Arg. Min. Agr. Circ. 645, 19 pp., illus. [in Spanish. Abstract in Rev. Appl- Ent. (A) 14: 623. 1926.] 255 Against the mite ( Tetranychus telarius L») spraying with tobacco- soap is quite effective. TEMPLE, W. (1107) 193S. INJURY TO CACTUS PLANTS EY SUCKING INSECTS AND ITS PREVENTION. Kranke Pflanze 5 (4-5): 63-65, 85-37, illus. [in German. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Eht. (A) 17: 486. 1923.] Sprays of lime- sulphur (with or without 1.-5 percent to Of. ceo extract) or nicotine and soap are effective against the red spider ( Tetranychus telarius L. ) . Nicotine sprays are effective against a bug, probably the caps id Tentheco ris bi color Scott. ZATTLSR (1103) 1929. WORK AGAINST THE RED SFIDER IN HOP CULTIVATION. Allg. Brau- ,u. . Kopfenstg; 69, '-did . 981. [in German. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 18: 267. 1930.]'' The red spider ( Tetranychus telarius L.) infesting hops may be controlled by a spray containing 1.5 percent soft soap and 0.5 percent tobacco extract. "BREAXEY, E. P. (1109) 1934. HAL0T7AX AS A CONTACT INSECTICIDE. Jour. Scon. Ent. 27: 393-338, i litis. In the comparative tests conducted, Black Leaf 40 (1 : 800) without soap killed the following percentages: Macros iphum sanborni , 100; M. ribelu m, 80; Aphis spiraecola , 65; Tetranychus telarius , 33; Thrips t abaci , 0. MOZNETTE, G.' P. (1110) 1921. DUSTING VS. SPRAYING EOS THE CONTROL OE INSECT PESTS ON THE AVOCADO, Jour. Econ. Ent. 14: 465-469. Liquid lime-sulphur solution (1 : 50) when combined with Black Leaf 40 (1 : 300) proved to be the most satisfactory combination used in combating the avocado red spider ( Tetranychu s yothersi McGregor), the greenhouse thrips ( Hi-ilio thrips hemorrhoid al is Bouche) , and leaf- hopper ( Empoasca minuenda Ball), and remained effective against the red spiders over as long a period as did the lime-sulphur solution applied alone. (1111) 1922. THE BED 3PIDEH ON THE AVOCADO. U. S. Dcpt, Agr. Bull. 1035, 16 pp., illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 10: 396-397. 1922.] SCHUSMAN, C (1112) 1905. DIE ROTE SPINNE AN GURKEN. Toller's Deut. G-artner-Zeitung 20: 250-251. The spreading of the red snider in greenhouses is due primarily to too dry air. Introduce noisture into the greenhouse and dust the plants, particularly cucumbers, with tobacco dust. EWING, H. S. (1113) 1914. THE COMMON RED SPIDER OH. SPIDER MITE. Oreg. Agr. Sxpt. Sta. Bull, 121, 95 pp., illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (a) 3: 63-64. 1915*] llicotine and emulsion sprays are preferable to the sulphur and lime-sulphur sprays. GASMAN, P. (1114) 1922. WORK WITH THE EUROPEAN RED MITE IN 1922. Conn. Agr. Sxpt. Sta. Bull. 247, -d-o. 332-333. [Abstr.net in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 11: 556. 1923.] Fish-oil soap, laundry soap and sulrhur, linseed oil emulsions, and lime- sulphur combined with lead arsenate and nicotine sulphate gave control in 1922. A dust containing nicotine, lead arsenate, and sulphur was not effective. It is not necessary to add nicotine sulphate to fish-oil soap-, though the addition of it would help in controlling aphids. V0S3URY, E. D., WINSTON, J. R. , and PYNASRT, L. (1115) 1925. PINEAPPLE CULTIVATION IN FLORIDA. Bull. Agr. Congo Beige 16: 208-232, illus. [In Trench.] Farmers Bulletin 1237 of the U. 5. Dept. Agr. was translated and adapted to the conditions of the Belgian Congo. In regard to insect pests on pineapples, only the red snider and wooly aphid are considered of economic importance in Florida, and they are easily controlled by a small quantity of tobacco dust dusted upon the infested plants (p. 230). THOMAS, P. H. (1116) 1926. CONTROL OF RED SFIDSR. Fruit World of Australasia 27 (4): 183- 139. [Abstract in p.ev, Appl. Ent, (A) 14: 264. 1926.] For summer treatment oil emulsion (1 : 60), nicotine sulphate ( 1 pt. to 50 gal.), and atomic sulphur (1 lb. to 12 gal.) were tried. The results with the nicotine sulphate were very disappointing, even at a strength of 1 pt. to 30 gal. - 257 - MASSES, A. M. (111?) 1927. NOTES ON INSECTS AND OTHER PESTS IN 1925. S. Mailing Res. Sta. Ann. Rent. 1925, 13 (2), sup., pp. 157-160. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 15: 484-485. 192 7.] On a plot sprayed with 100 gal. Bordeaux mixture (8: 8: 100) containing 4 lb. lead arsenate and 6 oz. nicotine, the infestation remained heavy, while on the plot sprayed with lime-sulphur (1: 30) and similar quantities of lead arsenate and nicotine the red spiders were controlled to a very large extent. NEWCOMER, E. J., and YOTHERS, M. A- (1118) 1927. EXPERIMENTS EOR THE CONTROL OE THE EUROPEAN RED MITE AND OTHER FRUIT-TREE MITES. U. S. Dept. Agr. Tech. Dull. 25, 33pp., illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 16: 432-433. 1928.] Nicotine sulphate at 1 to 800 with casein-lime as a spreader killed less than 50 percent of the mites, but mixed with potash-fish- oil soap was very effective; since the soap kills most of the mites it is not necessary to use the nicotine unless aphids are also present. HEADLEE, T. J., and GINSBURG, J. M. (HIS) 1929. STUDIES OE COMBINED SPRAYS EOR DESTROYING THE OVERWINTERING EGGS OE THE EUROPEAN RED MITE AND APPLE APHIDS AT THE DELAYED DORMANT PERIOD OE THE APPLE TREE. N. J. Agr. Expt. Sta- Bull. 469: 1-15. [Abstract in Chera. Abs. 24: 455-456. 1930.] Oil emulsion with the addition of free nicotine destroys approx- imately 100 percent of the eggs of both species and does not injure the trees. The volatility of nicotine is greater from free nicotine than from nicotine sulphate solutions when mixed with either lime-sulphur (1:9) or oil emulsion (3 percent oil). The toxicity to aphid eggs parallels the volatility. A higher percentage of nicotine is evolved from nicotine sulphate mixed with lime- sulphur than with oil emulsion. In 72 hours only about 25 percent of the nicotine was volatilized from 0.1 percent solution in the presence of both lime-sulphur and oil emulsion. 2. Other Mites, 1902-1953 PESCOTT, E. E. (1120) 1915. ORCHARD AND GARDEN NOTES. Victoria Dept. Agr. Jour. 13: 124—126. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 3: 362. 1915.] Young deciduous fruit trees attacked by woolly aphid Or Brj^pbia mites should be sprayed with nicotine solution or resin wash after the crop has been gathered. - 258 - WEbsteb, jr. ::. (1121) 1912. THE CLOVES MITE ( BRYOBIA PRA TEN SIS GARMAN). U. S- Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Circ. 158, 5 pp., illus. Tobacco preparations applied in the form of a liquid spray are quite effective in destroying this mite on grasses, but do not destroy the eggs, and. therefore offer only temporary relief (p. 4). TRAGJuBDH, I. (1122) 1915. CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARD TIE KNOWLEDGE OP THE SPINNING-MITES. Medd. Lande No. 109 Centralanst. Forsoks. Jordbr. , Stockholm, Ent. Adv. no. 20. [In Swedish. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (a) 3: 252-254. 1915.] Spraying with quassia and nicotine emulsions gives good results, not only against the greenhouse spinning-mite (T etranychus althaca e von Hanstein), but also against the fruit-tree mite ( Para tetranychus pilosus C and ?. ) . llicotine was also used against the gooseberry mite ( Bryobia praetiosa X. ) • HIGGINS, J. E. (1123) 1917. THE LITCHI IN HAWAII. Hawaii Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 44, 21 pp., illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (a) 5: 553. 1917.] A mite, apparently an undescribed species of E riophyes , attacking the litchi ( Litchi chinensis ) can be practically eradicated by spraying with a solution of 10 oz. nicotine sulphate and 1 3,/4 lb. whale oil soap in 50 gal. water. PARKER, ff. B. (1124) 1928. THE BUD F02M OE THE PEAK LEAF BLISTER MITE. Blue Anchor 5 (12): 20-21, 73, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (a) 17: 228. 1929.] Lime- sulphur, nicotine and soap or spreader, or foliage oils are capable of killing all the pear leaf blister mites ( Eriophyes pyri Pgst.] when they can be reached with the spray; but they are so well protected by the foliage that the time of application is of more importance than the material used. MUTH, E. (1125) 1917. THE MITE DISEASE OF VINES, A NEW AND DANGEROUS DISEASE OF OUR VINEYARDS DUE TO ERIOPHYES VITIS NAL. AND SOME NOTES ON SIMILAR SHORT DEFORMATIONS. Ztschr. Pflanzkrank. 27 (4): 205. 1917. [Abstracts in Hess. Landw. Ztschr. 1916, pp. 442-443; 458-459; and in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 6: 6. 1918.] Nicotine soft soap (1: 1; 100) or Muth's solution (1:100) should be used against Eriophyes ( Phyllocoptes ) vitis Hal. - 359 - KEY/MAN, L. J. (1126) 1923. RED-LEGGED VELVET EARTH KITE (NOTOPHALLUS BI COLOR EROG .) . West Aust. Dept. Agr. Bull. 106, 4 pm , illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl . Ent. (A) 11: 571-572. 1923.] The cape weed, Cr yptostemma ca lendula ceum , is the chief food plant; various vegetables, oats, lucerne, and clovers are also attacked. Seedlings should be dipped in tobacco water before planting out. The only sprays found effective were nicotine emulsion or kerosene emulsion containing naphthalene . (1127) 1925. THE RED-LEGGED EARTH MITE. West. Australia. Dept. Agr. Jour. 2 (3): 354. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A.) 14: 50. 1926.] Tobacco dust, 3 lb. plus 15-percent carbolic powder, 1 lb. , may be used at the rate of 1 cwt. per acre for the control of Notophallus bicolor Erogg. JACK, R. W. (1128) 1908. THE EARTH ELEA. Agr. Jour. Cape of Good Hope 32: 615-620, illus, This pest is a mite, and. feeds on winter vegetables in South Africa. It may be controlled by using a tobacco decoction. Boil 1 lb. tobacco in 1 gal. water for 1 hour, and dilute the extract 1 to 80. SKINNER, H. B. (1129) 1927. REPORT OE THE DATE PALM INSPECTOR EOR 1923-1924. Ariz. Com. Agr. & Hort. 15th & 16th Repts. pp. 50-58, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 15: 593. 1927.] The mite Par at e t r a ny chus hetcronyclius Swing can be controlled by a dust containing nicotine and sulphur, ^.sarcov'is palmarum was effectively controlled with a nicotine spray. CUNLIEFE, N., and HYLS, G. B. (1130) 1923. THE CONIEER SPIFFING MITE ON SITKA SPRUCE, O LIGOHTCKU S (P ARATETRAFfCHUS ) UNUNGU IS JACOB I . Quart. Jour. Eorestry 17 (1): 359-362, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 11: 110. 1923.] Soap solution, quassia-nicotine emulsion, or lime-sulphur sprays have been successfully used in Sweden. JORDAN, K. H. C. (1131) 1918. THE GALL MITE OXYPLEURITES CARINATUS ITS DAMAGE AND ITS CONTROL. 260 - Ztschr. Angew. Snt. 4 (2): 238-266, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 8: 268. 1920.] Nicotine sprays have proved effective against these mites on horse-chestnut trees ( Aes cuius hippo castanum ) . TUCKER, R. -.7. E. (1152) 1925. THE BLACK SAND MITE ( PSNTHALEU S DESTRUCTOR , TKR. ) . Union 3. Afr. Dept. Agr. Jour. 10 (3): 269-270. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 13: 268-269. 1925.] The mites may be killed by spraying with tobacco extract, 1 part in 80 parts of water. BEITTAIN, W. H. (1153) 1917. TV;0 APPLE LEAE MITES OF ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE. Canad. Ent. 49 (6): 185-189. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Snt. (A) 5: 386. 1917.] Phyllocoptes schlectendali (silver-leaf or rusty-leaf mite) and Sriophyes malifoliae (apple leaf mite) are both readily destroyed by weak solutions of nicotine sulphate. STELLWAAG, E. (1154) 1919. INCREASE OE MITE- INFESTATION ON VINES IN THE BAVARIAN RHINE PALATINATE. Ztschr. Angew. Snt. 5 (1): 128. [in German. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 8: 272. 1920.] In regard to mites (P hyllocoptes vitis ), the remedial measures advocated include spraying with a nicotine and soap solution mixed with a copper-lime spray. FAES, H. (1135) 1905. ACARIOSE, DIT COURT-NOUE; BEUNIS3URS ET ERINOSE. Chron. Agr. Canton de Vaud 18 (16): 379-396, illus. A spray solution, consisting of 2 percent soap and 1 percent strong tobacco juice, gave good results against the grape mite ( Phytoptus vitis) (p. 394). MASON, F. A. (1136) 1922. A BULB PEST. Bar. Bio-Tech. (Leeds) Bull. 5, pp. 150-151, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 10: 296. 1922.] The bulb mite Rhi/oglyphus echinopu s F. & R. can be destroyed without injury to the flower if the bulb is immersed before planting in a solution of 1 oz. of nicotine-petroleum emulsion in 1 gal. of water. - 261 - After immersion for one minute the bulbs should be allowed to drain before being planted, and as a further precaution they should be sprayed with the same mixture at two or three intervals between potting and flowering. GASMAN, P. (1137) 1921- A STUDY OF THE BULB MITE ( RHIZOG L YPHUS HYACINTH I 5 BANKS). Conn. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 225 (Ent. Ser. no. 23), pp. 115-132, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 9: 241. 1921.] Dipping the bulbs in nicotine sulphate 1:400, or nicotine oleate heated to 122°F., or even water at the same temperature is a satisfactory method of killing the mites. DAHLGREN, E. (1138) 1926. SOME IMPORTANT GREENHOUSE FE3TS. Iowa Hort. Soc Rept. 1925,60: 187-192. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 17: 71. 1929.] The most successful treatment for bulbs infested with the bulb mite (R hizoglyphus hygcinthi Boise 1 .) is to immerse them for 10 minutes in a solution of 40-percent nicotine sulphate (1:400) heated to 122" F. McDANIEL, E. I. ' (1139) 1928. THE PRINCIPAL BULB PESTS IN MICHIGAN. Mich. Agr. Expt. Sta. Spec. Bull. 173, 25 pp., illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 16: 557-553. 1928.] Most of the bulb mites ( Rhizoglyphus hygcinthi Bdv) are killed when bulbs are left for 10 min. in 40-percent nicotine sulphate (1:400) heated to 122°F. , though bulbs so treated often fail to flower. BRITTOH, 1. E.i WAIDBH, 3. H. , and LOWRY, Q. S. (1140) 1915. EXPERIMENTS IN CONTROLLING AMITE (TARSONEMUS PALLIDUS BANKS) INJURING SNAPDRAGON PLANTS IN THE GREENHOUSE. Conn. Agr. Expt. Sta. Rept. 1914: 176-179. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (a) 3: 372. 1915.] Black Leaf 40, 5 cc. to 1 gal. water with naphtha soap added in the proportion of 4 lb to 100 gal. water applied 4 times at intervals of a week controlled Tarsonemus pallidas . MOZNETTE, G. F. (1141) 1917. THE CYCLAMEN MITE. Jour. Agr. Res. 10: 373-390. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (a) 5: 507-508. 1917.] 3lack Leaf 40 has been used successfully and safely to control the cyclamen mite ( Tarsonemus pallidus Banks) on cyclamen, chrysanthemum, and snapdragon plants at the strength of 1:1,000 with the addition of a - 2 62 ~ small quantity of soap. This should be first applied when the plants are transplanted having grown about 1 to 1 l/2 in. high and the treat- ment should be repeated at 10-day intervals until the flower buds begin to show color. D[UJARDIN], F. (1142) 1919. LA MITE DU CYCLAMEN DE PERSE. Rev. Hort. 91: 256. Against the mite ( Tarsonemus p allidus ) on cyclamens the following- spray mixture is recommended: 28 g. soap, 1 teaspoonful nicotine, and 4 1. water. The spraying should be repeated several times at 10-day intervals. DU3TAN, A- G., and MATTHEWMAN, W. G. (1143) 1932. SOME NOTES ON THE CYCLAMEN MITE ( TAR50NENU 5 PALLIDUS BANKS), A PEST 0? STRAWBERRY PLANTS. Ent. Soc Ont. 62nd Ann. Rept. 1931, pp. 34-37. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (a) 21: 279. 1953.] Nicotine sulphate, used as a dip, and tobacco dusts were valueless as means of control. MUNGER, P. (1144) 1933. INVESTIGATIONS IN THE CONTROL OF THE CYCLAMEN MITE ( TARS ONE..: US PALL IDUS BANKS.) Minn. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bull. 93, 20 pis. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (a) 22: 420. 1934.] Fumigation with pure nicotine or pyridine showed some promise, and there is evidence that the repellent effect of frrquent nicotine sprays keeps plants free from infestation, but it was concluded that hot water treatment is the only method practical for eradicating the mites from infested plants. SCHOEVERS, T. A. C (1145) 1929. AN UNUSUAL INJURY BY MITES TO YOUNG CUCUMBER PUNTS. Versl. Meded. Plantenzicktenk. Dienst. , no. 56, pp. 4-7, illus. [in Dutch. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 17; 533-639. 1929.] Fumigation with nicotine is the remedy suggested for the mite Tyroglyphus dimidiatu s Herm. BUSCK, A. (1146) 1902. NOTES ON ENEMIES OF MUSHROOMS AND ON EXPERIMENTS WITH REMEDIES. U. Z. Dopt. Agr. Div. Ent. Bull. 38, pp. 52-35. Tobacco dust was tried in a single bed, and gave negative results, acting at most only as a deterrent, but not killing the mites ( Tyroglyphus lintneri ) on mushroom::. - 263 TRAGARDH, I. (1147) 1916. OUR MOST COMMON SPINNING MITSS AND THEIR CONTROL. Centralanst. ForsSks. Jordbr. Stockholm, Flygblad No. 58. Bnt. Avd. No. 13, 4 pp., illus. [in Swedish. Abstract in Rev. Appl- int. (a) 4: 35?. 1916.] ... Frequent spraying of the plants with water is very useful in hothouses, as well as spraying with quassia or nicotine. ROSS, f. A. (1148) 1917. THE CYCLAMEN MITE. Canad. Agr. Gaz. 4 (3): 174-175, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Bnt. (A) 5: 264. 1917.] To control the above pest, the plants should be sprayed with nicotine solution when they are first transferred to pots, and again at 10-day intervals until the buds are formed. Y0TH3RS, W. V. r ., and MASON, A. C (1149) 1930. THE CITRUS RUST MITE AND ITS CONTROL. U. S. Dept. Agr. Tech. Bull. 175, 56 pp., illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 19: 86-88. 1931.] Tobacco, nicotine dust, and oil sprays have not given sufficient control to prove profitable. J. EXTERNAL PARASITES ON MAN AND ANIMALS , 1865-1931. PROWAZEK, S. VON (1150) 1915. NOTES ON THE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF BODY LICE. Munch. Med. Wchnschr. p. 67. [in German. Abstract in Rev. Appl- Ent. (A) 3: 204. 1915.] Tobacco decoction is included among the materials recommended. STANTCHINSKI, V. V. . (1151) 1922. PRELIMINARY REPORT ON PE DICULUS HUM ANUS AND ITS CONTROL. Bull. Moscow Ent. Soc. 2 (l): 99-128. [in Russian. Abstract in Rev. Appl* Ent. (3) 11: 79. 1923.] The possibility of producing louse-proof clothes was tried, and in this connection nicotine fumigation was most effective. Finely ground tobacco, mixed with slaked lime and water, was "put in a dish and held over a fire, and the cloth to be treated was held over the dish. Tobacco residues were also used. Many of these tests proved to be contradictory ,. the lice disappearing rapidly in some cases, whereas, in others their diminution was not appreciable. - 264 - fletcher, w. (1152) 1937. -annual report op the institute for. medical research for the year 1926. .Med. Dept. F.M-S. Rept. 1926, pp. 31-52. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (B) 16: 121-122. 1928.] A mixture of cajeput and tobacco • juice has been recommended as a repellent for the mite causing tsutsu-gamushi disease. This mixture is smeared on the bodies of laborers clearing away the weeds and under- growth in which rats live. DINWIDDLE, R. R. • (1153) 1892. PARASITISM OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. Ark. Agr. Expt. Sta. Univ. Bull. 20, 31 pi . Tobacco infusion made according to a formula often prescribed for scab on sheep was tested on several calves badly infested with ticks ( Boo phi 1ms b ovis Curtice = Ixodes bovis F.iley) of all sizes. The calves were thoroughly washed all over with the infusion on two successive days. AH the small ticks were killed, but the larger ones did not seem to be affected (p. 12) . CALZAVARA, G. (1154) 1924. PARASITES INFESTING CHICKENS. Coltivatore 70 (2): 56. [in Italian.) As a remedy against Cnemidocoptes gallinea on chickens prepare a bath consisting of three tablespoonfuls of tobacco extract, 180 g. sulphur, and 10 1. water. Dip the infested chickens in this mixture for 2 to 3 min. ABBOTT, W. S. (1155) 1920. RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTS WITH MISCELLANEOUS SUBSTANCES AGAINST CHICKEN LICE AND TIE DOG FLEA. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 838, 15 pp. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (B) 9: 110. 1921.] •Nicotine powders cannot be relied upon for the destruction of lice on fowls at lower strengths than 1.15 or 1.25 percent, and even these require very careful application. A powder containing 4*56 per- cent tobacco powder was not completely effective against the dog flea Ctenocephalus c-nis Curt. BRITTAIN, W. H. (1156) 1925. EXPERIMENTS IN THE CONTROL OF. HEAD LICE ( LIPEURU5 HETEROGRAPHUS NITZSCH) ON YOUNG CHICKS, 1924. Acadian Ent. Soc. Proc. 1924, no. 10, pp. 41-42. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (B) 13: 154. 1925.] A pinch of pure tobacco dust gave complete control of this louse on young chickens. - 265 - WOOD, H. P. (1157) 1920. TROPICAL FOWL KITE IN THE UNITED STATES, WITH NOTES ON LIFE HISTORY AND CONTROL. U. S. Dept. Agr. Circ. 79, 8 pp., illus. [Abstract in Rev. Apol. Ent. (B) 3: 75-76. 1920.] The most effective remedial measures against the above mite ( Liponyssus "bursa ) are a dip consisting of 2 oz. sulphur, 1 oz. soap, and 1 gal. water, or' dusting with sulphur or pyrethrum, or dipping in a solution of 1 teaspoonful of 40-percent nicotine sulphate to 1 gal. water ond about l/3 oz. sOap. BUSHNELL, L. P., and 3RANDLY, C- A- (1158) 1929. POULTRY DISEASES, THEIR PREVENTION AND CONTROL. Kansi Agr. Sxpt. Sta. Bull. 247, 107 pp. [Abstract in Rev. J\ppl. Ent. (B) IS: 127, 1930.] Nicotine sulphate is recommended against the lice Liponyssus bursa Berl. (tropical mite) and Dermanyssus gallinae DeG. (chicken mite) on fowls. It should be brushed on to the perches sufficiently early in the day for it to dry before the birds go to roost when the warmth of their bodies causes the nicotine to volatilize. At least three treatments are needed against L. bursa . CUTRIG-HT, C. R. (1159) 1929. TILE FEATHER MITE IN OHIO. Ohio Agr. Sxpt. Sta. Bimonthly Bull. 138, pp. 100-102, illus. The perches in a small section of one of the houses were painted with nicotine sulphate about one-half hour before the chickens started to roost. Further tests showed that the birds were entirely freed of mites ( Liponyssus sylviarum ), but this method is not recommended to take the place of the other two which are considered the more reliable. PAYNE, L. F. (1160) 1930. FEATHER MITES AND THEIR CONTROL. Ala. Folytech. Inst. Bull. 25 (1): 61-63, illus. [Abstract in Biol. Abs. 6 (10): 2332. 1932. Entry 22684.1 Three applications, at weekly intervals, of nicotine sulphate on the upper surface of the roosting poles shortly before dusk was a convenient and satisfactory remedy for the feather mite Liponyssus sylviarum on fowls. This method eliminated the handling of the bird and it was found practical at all seasons. TAYLOR, E. L. (1161) 1930. LIPONYSSUS SYLVIARUM INJURING POULTRY IN THIS COUNTRY. Parasitology 22 (3): 313. [Abstract in Rev. Apol. Ent. (3) 16: 215. 1930/ 266 - The perches were treated with nicotine sulphate and kerosene. The mites disappeared after a second treatment, and all the birds recovered, though some had been severely affected by the infestation. BISKOPP, F. C-, and WAGNER, R. D- (1162) 1931. NICOTINE. IN TIE CONTROL OF ECTOPARASITES OF POULTRY. Jour. Econ. Ent. 24: 56-62. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (B) 19: 139-140. 1931.] Tests with Liponyssus sylviarum C. and F. indicate that a single treatment of the roosts with nicotine sulphate cannot be relied on to control an infestation. Nicotine sulphate was found to be very effective against Dermanyssus gallinae DeG. when applied pure or diluted with water. Most of the practical tests with mites were made by thoroughly spraying infested fowl houses with 1 part nicotine sulphate in 9 parts water and then closing them for about 8 hrs. Nicotine sulphate diluted 1 to 50 with 1 oz. soap per gal. added also gave sat is facto ry control. Spraying the fowl houses with nicotine sulphat. (1 : 9) was also found to be effective against Argas persicus Oken. Tests against Echidnophaga gallinacea Westw. showed that the application of nicotine sulphate to the perches did not destroy the adult fleas attached to the heads of the fowls, but spraying the floors of infested poultry houses with a dilution of 1 to 4-9 destroyed all the adults oresent. In tests against lice ( Eomena can thus s tramineus Ni t z . , Menooon gallinae L. , G-oniocotes g allinae Retz. , Lioeuras caoonis L. , and L. heterograohus llitz.) a large percentage was killed during the first night following an application of nicotine sulphate to the upoer surface of the perches half an hour before the fowls went to roost. Some were killed on the second and third nights, but the eggs were not all killed. Results secured with free nicotine were practically identical with those obtained with nicotine sulphate. The use of nicotine sulphate has advantages over the individual treatment of the birds with sodium fluoride in that it is more quickly apolied and costs less owing to the smaller amount of labor involved. MAW, W. A. (1163) 1931. THE NORTHERN FOWL MITE, LIPONYSSUS SYLVIARUM , OF POULTRY. Sci. Agr. 9 (10): 710, Ottawa. [Abstract in Rev. Aopl. Ent. (B) 19: 185. 1931.] Nicotine sulphate applied to the roosts has not proved satisfactory in all cases, but may be more effective as a spray. RENE, C. (1164) 1917. SHEEP TICKS. Prog. Agr., Amiene 31 (1534): 275-276. [in French. Abstract in Eev. Appl. Ent. (B) 5: 122- 1917.] 267 As a rem* .ly for parasites ( Melophaff s ■ n<3 Trichodecte s) on sheep, the animals were dipped into s mixture cor Lstir ; ( L/2 gal. titrat extract cf nicotine and ICC gal. water. This mixture, however, was not the most efficacious one used. DAVISON, A. Cr. . (1165) 1910. THE KED, OF. SHEEP LOUSE. Agr. Jour. Cape of Good Hope 36: 393-403, illus. Against the louse Melophagus ovinus the following din gave good results: 35 It), ground tobacco, 10 lb. sulphur, and ICC gal, water. The tobacco was steeped for 4 days, and the liquid was added to the sulphur. The mixture was heated to 116°E. and each sheep was immersed for 1 minute< It destroys the adult but not the puparia, thus a second dipping is necessary. ARKEL.L, T. R. (1166) 1917. GET HID OE THE TICKS. Agr. Jour. Dept, Agr., Victoria, Brit. Columbia. 2 (3): 47, 51, illus, [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (3) 5: 118. 1917.] Dips containing tobacco give good results against the sheep tick (KelojD/hagus_ ovin us) . DISS, M." (1167) 1917. THE SIEEE? TICK AND ITS ERADICATION EY DIPPING. U. S. Dept. Agr. Farmers' Bull. 798, 31 pp. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (3) 5: 145-146. 1917.1 Detailed instructions for dipping sheep for the control of the sheep tick Helo oho ^us ovinus in various dips, including the nicotine dip, are given. BEDEORD, G. A. H. (1168) 1926. THE SHEEP KED (HZIOPEAGUS 07 TITUS LIHllE') . Jour. Dept. A^r. Union 3. Afr. 12: 484-430, illus. Dipping is the only treatment for this dipterous parasite on sheep. Six formulas are giv ; n, but only one includes nicotine. When the 10 long-woolled sheep nere dipped in the McDougall's nicotine Lion Brand solution, no live keds could be found on the sheep 24 hours after the first dipping. Six days after the second dipping at 14 days interval two live keds were found. In soite of these good results, the author does not advise the use of a tobacco dip, but recommends one containing arsenic. VILLEROY, F. i (1169) 1866. LES POUX DU MOUTON. Jour. Agr. Prat. 2 (v. 30): 20-23, illus. Boil l/2 kg. tobacco leaves in 1 1. water for several hours, or soak this quantity in hot water for 24 hours. Put the tobacco water in a bottle with a perforated cork, and sprinkle the liquid on sheep infested with Pedi cuius ovis . This was found effective in Germany. TCet the sheep infested with Pedi cuius ovis by using a mixture consisting of 1 kg. tobacco juice, l/2 kg. green soap, and 60 g. sulphur. Dissolve the soap in water and add the tobacco juice and sulphur as indicated. BISHOP, F. C. (1170) 1929. THE PIC-SON PLY- AH IMPORTANT PEST OP PIGEON IN THE UNITED STATES. Jour. Econ. Ent. 22: 974-980. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (B) 18: 89. 1930.] A high percentage of mortality of Psnudolynchia maura Bigot was secured with tobacco powder containing about 6 percent nicotine. Nicotine sulphate (1:100) gave a high percentage of mortality and with addition of 1 ounce soap to 1 gal. of water destroyed all flies. Painting the nests and boxes with nicotine sulphate killed many flies but was injurious to the pigeons. GABERT, H. (1171) 1921. TRAITEMSNT DSS GALES DU LAP IN. Vie Agr. et Rar. 19 (53): 473-474, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Apnl. Ent. (3) 10: 59-60. 1922.] Tobacco extract (3 oz. tobacco to 5 pt. of water reduced to l/3 by boiling) easily cures the early stage of mange of the ears in rabbits, which is caused by Psoroptes communi s . BEDFORD, G. A. H. (1172) 1928. THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS DIPPING FLUIDS UPON THE OVIGEROUS FEMALES OF PSOROPTE S C OMMUNIS VAR. OVIS ALT) THEIR OVA. 13th & 14th Repts." Vet. Res. S. Afr. pt. 2, pp. R59-&79. [Abstract in Rev. Ap^l. Ent. (B) 17: 90. 1929.] The only dips that failed to destroy all tne larvae after hatching were two proprietary nicotine fluids and lime-sulphur, and these killed the majority. IMES, M. (1173) 1916. SHEEP SCAB. U. S. Dent. Agr. Farmers' Bull. 713, 36pp., illus. - 269 - The nicotine- sulphur dip recom Lst the sheer scab ( psoroptes ovis) contains G.05 percent nicotine and 2 percent sulohur. Sufficient nicotine for 96 gal. (about 800 lb.) of dip would therefore be furnished by 1 lb. of a 40-oercent solution of nicotine. The formula for this dip would be 0.4 lb. nicotine, 16 lb. flowers of sulphur, and 96 gal. water (p. 25). ANONYMOUS. . • (1174) 1928. INSECTS AND PARASITES AFFECTING LIVESTOCK. Texas Agr. Expt, Sta. Ann. Rept. 40 (1927); 30-31. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Bat. (E) 16: 262. 1928.] A dip of nicotine sulphate at a strength of 0.065 percent and at 102.2° E. and holding the sheep in it for 3 min. was effective in controlling sheep scab mite ( Psoroptes ovis Hering.). Sheep were dipped twice at intervals of from 7 to 17 days, all cases of scab disappearing with two dippings. DU TO IT, P. J., and VILJOEN, p. R. (11 75) 1929. DIPPING AS A METHOD OE ERADICATING EAST COAST FEVER. S- Afr. Vet. Serv. 15th Rept. 1: 33-66. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Eat. (3) 13: 177-173. 1930.] Dipping cattle at intervals of 3 to 5 days is the officially recognized method of controlling African coast fever, the most important factor of which is Phipice-phal us a.^eendiculatus Neum. (brown tick). Of the preparations tested for hand dressing a mixture of 1 part tobacco (2 percent nicotine) and ten parts mineral -oil gave the best results. IMES, M. (1175) ■ 1918. CATTLE SCAB AND METHODS OE CONTROL AND ERADICATION. U. S. Dept. Agr. Farmers' Bull. 1017, 29 py>. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (B) 7; 104-105. 1919.] Nicotine dip is useful against sarcoptic scabies caused by Sarco-ote s scabei boyis and snould be repeated about 4 times at intervals of 6 to 10 days. Nicotine dips to be efficacious should be used at a strength of l/20 of 1 percent nicotine. If used stronger they are injurious to cattle. They should be used as a temperature of 95-105° F. and flowers of sulphur may be added to them at the rate of 16 lb. to every 100 gal. of diluted dip. -270 - MOHLER, J. R. (1177) 1918. REPORT OF THE CHIEF 01 THE 3UEEAU OE ANIMAL INDUSTRY. U. S. Dept. Agr., 63 pp. [Abstract in Eev. Appl. Eat. (B) 7: 91-92. 1919.] Sarcoptic scabies ( Sarcoptes scabiei var. bovis ) can be eradicated by four dippings in liir.e- sulphur or nicotine, the interval between dippings being from 6 to 10 days. IMES, ;;. (1178) 1926. LICE, MANGE AND TICKS OE HORSES AND METHODS OE CONTROL AND ERADICATION. U. S. Dept. Agr. Farmers' Bull. 1493, 22 pp. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (B) 15: 7-8. 1926.] Dipping with nicotine is advised for destroying biting lice ( irichodectes pilosus Gieb. and J_. parumpilosus Piag. ) and the sucking louse Haemotopinus asini L. Two dippings at an interval of 14 to 16 days may be necessary. Four to six dippings in a nicotine dip 5 to 7 days apart will usually effect a cure from sarcoptic mange caused by Sarcoptes scabei equi G-erl. CALER, H. L. (1179) 1931. VOLCK SPECIAL EMULSION NUMBER 2 AS A CONTROL FOR EXTERNAL PARASITES OE ANIMALS. Kans. Ent. Soc. Jour. 4 (4): 77-98. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (B) 19: 259-250. 1931.] Pi^s infested with Sarcoptes suis Gerl. were treated with a 10-percent emulsion of Volck oil made with water to which 40-percent nicotine sulphate had been added at the rate of l/S fl. oz. per gal.; skin scrapings taken 4 and 9 days after treatment showed the presence of oil but no mites. Subsequent scrapings at intervals of 3 days for 3 weeks were also negative, and the pigs improved steadily in health and weight. BUYTON, F. E. (1180) 1926. PRELIMINARY REPORT ON SODIUM FLUORIDE AS A CONTROL FOR CATTLE LICE. Jour. Econ. Ent. 19: 602-603. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (B) 14: 185. 1926.] Cattle treated with nicotine dust showed infestation 8 days after treatment. The lice present were Trichodectes scale ris (biting louse of cattle), Haematopimis eurys ternus (short-nosed ox louse) and H. vituli (long-nosed ox louse.). BISHOPP, F. C. and WOOD, H. P. (1181) 1917. PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENTS WITH SODIUM FLUORIDE AND OTHER INSECTICIDE! AGAINST BITING AND SUCKING LICE. Psyche 24(6): 187-189. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (B) 6: 89. 1918.] Nicotine sulphate (40-percent) at 1:800 killed all stages of lice. - 271 - GRAY, D. T. (1182) 1917. REPORT OF THE ANIMAL INDUSTRY DIVISION. IT. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Ann. Rept. (1917) 40: 33-63. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Int. (3) 7: 87. 1919.] Mites on poultry can be controlled by a nicotine solution free from the stems and leaves. Tobacco leaves in a dry state are useless. To prepare nicotine solution for this purpose 2 l/2 lb. of stems and leaves should be put in sufficient water to cover them, boiled for 1 hour, the liquid drained off and boiled down to l/4 pt. which is then mixed with 4 oz. water in which has been placed 1 tablespoonful of nicotine with 1 qt. measure of plaster of paris. This should be- stirred and passed through a fly-screen sieve, when it is ready for use. BETO. (1183) 1918. AVICULTURA. Rev. Fed. Bural , Montevideo 1 (4): 14-18, illus. [in Spanish.] Against mites on poultry the following rubbing mixture is recommended in Uruguay: 30 g. bo rated vaseline, 15 g. flowers of sulphur, and 5 g. nicotine. GOOD, E. S., and BRYANT, T. R. (1184) 1911. THE DIPPING OP SHEEP FOR SCABIES IN TOBACCO DIPS WITH AND WITHOUT THE ADDITION OF FLOWERS OF SULPHUR. Ky. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 157, pp. 185-193, illus. It was concluded that the addition of flowers of sulphur in the prescribed dilutions of nicotine did not enhance the value of these dips in curing sheep of the diseases of scabies. The ruling requires that 0.07 percent of nicotine be used- at each dipping. RUFFISR, F. (1185) 1918. SARNA DOS OVINOS S BA1TK0 A BASE DE FUMO. Chacaras e Quintaes 17 (1): 50-51. Against sheep ticks the following washing mixture is recommended in Brazil: 1 kg. tobacco leaves, 1 kg. flowers of sulphur, and 50 1. water. Soak the leaves in warm water for 24 hours and make the applicatior in the evening, allowing the sheep to dry over night. DIFFLOTH, P. (1186) 1922. LES PARASITES EXTSRNES DES MOUTONS. Vie Agr. et Rur. 11 (34): 146-149, illus. Against sheep lice and ticks the following dipping mixture is recommended in France: 0.07 percent nicotine, .2 percent flowers of sulphur, and the remainder of 100 percent is water. - 272 - MOHLER, J. ?.. (1187) 1322. RSFORT OF THE CHIEF OF THE BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY, U. S. ' Dept. Agr. 52 pp. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (B) 11: 93. 1923.] Lime-sulphur dit> and nicotine dip afforded protection against sheep scab for 33 days, and nicotine dip with 2 percent flowers of sulphur gave protection for 69 days. IMES, M. (1188) 1928. SHEEP AND GOAT LICE AND METHODS OF CONTROL AND ERADICATION. U. 5. Dept. Agr. Leaflet 13, 8 pp. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (B) 16: 135. 1928.] Lice may be controlled by dips of coal-tar creosote, tobacco or nicotine, and arsunicals. Arsenical dies are the most effective. LEPLAE, E. (1189) 1928. THE REARING OF S::ALL DOMESTICATED STOCK. 1ST PART: SHEEP. Bull. Agr. Congo Beige 19 (3): 333-356, illus. [in French.] Against lice on sheep in the Belgian Congo the following dipping or washing mixture is used after the sheep have been sheared: 2.5 '-'g. tobacco extract, 2.5 kg. flowers of sulphur, and 100 1. water. This solution is not caustic and gives good results (p. 348). The sheep may also be washed with a strong soap solution to which tobacco juice is added (p. 344). MAEESCALCHI, A. (1190) 19C5. L'ESTRATTO FE1TICAT0 DI TABACCO. Coltivatore 51: 698-699. Against cattle lice a 3 to 4 percent solution of -ohenicated tobacco extract is recommended in Italy. Boil 60 g. of pipe tobacco in l/2 1. water for 1/2 hour and add c little carbolic acid to- the extract. Care should be taken that cattle do not lick themselves when tr-ated, as symptoms of poisoning may appear in such enses. SCELSI, S. (1191) 1913. LICE OH CATTLE. Riv. Agr. [Parma.] 19 (15): p. 232. [in Italian. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (B) 1: 98-99. 1913.] One of the remedies for lice on cattle is to wash the animals with a tobacco decoction made by boiling 50 g. of tobacco in 1,500 g. of water until it is reduced to one 1. ANONYMOUS. (1192) 1915. THE DESTRUCTION OF LICE ON DOMESTIC ANIMALS. Agr. [Petrograd] 20 (6): 275. June. [in Russian. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (B) 3: 170. 1915.] - 273 - To destroy lice on domestic animals, l/2 lb. of ordinary soap and 2 oz. of snuff tobacco are boiled in about 20 qt. of wat< r till the whole of the soap is dissolved; 4 qt. of kerosene are then added to the boiling solution, stirred and allowed to cool into a jelly. For use, 1 part of this jelly is dissolved in 9 parts of warm water and rubbed into the coat of the animal with a piece of cloth; 4 or 5 days after the second application all the lice disappear. KIRILLOV, L. (119?) 1915. THE DESTRUCTION 0? PARASITES ON CATTLE. Husbandry on the Don 10 (4): 169-170. [In Russian. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (B) 3: 115. 1915.] Cattle attacked by parasites should be washed with a mixture prepared as follows: 1 lb. of tobacco leaves are boiled for 1 hour in 6 pt. of water, after which the leaves are removed and 2 pt. of weak spirits added to the decoction. COOLEY, R. A., and PARKER, R. R. (1194) 1916. CATTLE LICE III MONTANA. Mont. Livestock Sanitary Bd & State V< tor. Surgeon. Rept. 1915-1916, pp. 19-21. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (3) 5: 41. 1917.] Against lice on cattle dipping or spraying with tobacco decoctions is recommended. CURASSON, G. (1195) 1922. LA GALS CHLORI OPTICUS DU BOSUF AU SENEGAL ET AU SOUDAN. Roc. Med. Vet. 98 (l): 14-19. January 15. [Abstracts in Trop. Vet. Bull. 10 (2): 39-40, 1922; and also in Rev. Appl. Ent. (3) 10: 153, 1922.] The native method of treating mange in cattle comprises washing with urine that has undergone ammoniacal fermentation to clear the skin, and then using a decoction of the astringent bark of the baobab tree, tobacco leaves, and indigo. ANONYMOUS. (1196) 1931. TICKS AND TICK ERADICATION. Dept. Agr. Vet. Dept. Kenya, Bull. 13, 16 pp. Nairobi. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (B) 19: 238. 1931.] On farms heavily infected with African coast fever, the mortality can usually be checked by dipping the cattle every 3 or 5 dnys and hand- dressing regularly such parts as the insides of the ears, the tips of the tail, etc., from which the hair should be first clipped. The dressing mixtures recommended are equal parts of axle grease and kerosene, one part of tobacco extract to 5-6 of oil, or one part of solignum to five of oil; any cheap oil, such as crude engine oil or oil from the pump of a motor car, may be used. - 274 - RDOS, J. (1197) 1915. PSOHOPTIG MANGE LIT THE HORSE:. Tijdschr. Vergelijkende G-eneeskunde, etc. 1: 252, 262, illus. [in Dutch. Abstract in Pev. Aopl. Snt. (B) 7: 3 9-40. 1919.] One of the remedies of horse mange is the application after the scabs and crusts have been removed, of tobacco decoction. HEME, C. (1198) 1916. THE TREATMENT 0? MANGE IN HORSES. Prog. Agr. 30 (1465): 34. (In French. Abstract in Pev. Apnl. Ent. (E) 4: 70. 1916.-] A mixture, consisting of 1 lb. titrated nicotine extract, 1 3/5 oz. commercial soda crystals, and 2 gal. water, was recommended as a remedy for mange on horses. This may be applied with a brush or a sponge, but, owing to the danger of poisoning, the whole surface of the body should not be treated at one time. (1199) 1917. THE TREATMENT OP MANGE OH HORSES. Prog. Agr. 31 (1522): 125-126. [in French. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (3) 5: 62-63. 1917.] A mixture, consisting of 1 3/'4 lb. titrated extract of nicotine to 2 oz. soda crystals and 3 l/2 gal. water, was used as a remedy for mange on horses. The advantage of this mixture is that no preliminary c lipping is required. CHAMPSTI3R. (1200) 1918. LE TRAITEMENT DE LA GALE. Rec. Med. Vet. 94 (12): 282-286. [Abstract in Rev. An pi. Ent. (E) 7: 167. 1919.] The method here recommended for curing horse mange consists in clipTJing the whole bod;'' which is then sorayed with potassium polysulphide 40, sodium arsenate 2, nicotine (or an equivalent amount of tobacco extract) 1/2, water 1,000, all parts oy weight. An ordinary vineyard sprayer is suitable for the purpose. The spray is repeated on the fourth day and again on the seventh or eighth day. CRIMI, P. (1201) 1919. THE THERAPY OF SARCOPTIC MANGE OF EQUIKSS AND AN EFFICACIOUS, RAPID AND SIMPLE METHOD OF CURE. Ann. Staz. Sper. Malattie Infective del Bestiame 5 (1918) no. 1, pp. 19-71. [Tn Italian. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (3) 8: 153. 1920.] Horses affected with sarcoptic mange are clipped, washed with soft soap containing 4 percent creolin, and then rubbed with an ointment composed of flowers of sulphur 25, tobacco extract (Italian government brand) 5, and vaseline 100, all parts by weight. The application is - 275 mode on one side of the animal the other side being treated on the following day. Two days after this second application the animal is washed with ordinary soap and hot water. GABERT, A. (1202) 1920. GALS DES PATTSS. Vie Agr. et Rur. 16 (18): 317, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (3) 8: 127-128. 1920.] Symbiotic mange may be treated by the application of a lukewarm solution consisting of ten drops nicotine to 1 3/4 pt of water. GALLI-VALERIO, B. (1203) 1916. CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF LICE. THIRD COM- MUNICATION. Centrbl. Bakt. Parasit. u. Infektionskrank. lte Abt. Orig. 74 (1); 33-35. [in German. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (B) 6:76. 1918;] The protective value of various substances against the bites of lice was investigated, basic nicotine (12-percent) alone proving of any use. RITCHIE, A. H. (1204) 1917. HOG LICE. Jour. Jamaica Agr. Soc. 21 (3): 91-92. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (3) 5: 75. 1917.] Among the several measures for the destruction of hog lice, tobacco decoctions are mentioned. MALLANAH, S. (1205) 1918. TOBACCO, FLEAS AND PLAGUE. Indian Med. Gaz. 53 (2): 53-56. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (B) 6: 221. 1918.] The leaves of tobacco spread on the floors of houses are said to kill fleas practically instantaneously. Sprinkling water on the tobacco once a day keeps it from crumbling and renders it more effective. Powdered tobacco should be introduced into rat holes which can then be firmly closed up with brick and mortar. GILMER, P. M. (1206) 1923. DEREIS AS A PARASITICIDE. Minn. State Ent. 19th Rept. (1921-1922); 41-29. .[Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (3) 12: 23. 1924.] Derris powder is most effective when used at the rate of 20 percent with the addition of 80 percent tobacco dust. - 276 - EIDMANN, H. (1207) 1925. BERRIS AL5 PARASITIC ID. Anz. Schadlingskunde 1 (3): 31-32. Against fleas and lice on animals a dust, consisting of 7.5 percent derris powder, 66.5 percent tobacco dust, and 25 percent powdered sulphur, was very effective. Licking off the dust is dangerous. Better results were obtained "by using a mixture of 20 percent derris powder and 80 percent tobacco dust (p. 32). K. DIPT3HA, 1795-1934. 1. Flies as Pests of Man and Animals, 1795-1932 PBHEET-MAISOMBUVB. (1208) 1925. LE POU DES ABEILLES. Apiculture 69 (2): 34-37, illus. [Abstract in Hev. Appl. Ent. (A) 13: 97-98. 1925.] Queen tees infested with Braula co e ca may be rid of their parasites by picking them up and blowing a few puffs of tobacco smoke on them, when the parasites fall oft' and should be allowed to drop onto paper in which they can be burned. Similar fumigation measures will destroy many of the parasites in the hive itself, and they should be repeated 2 days later and a third time if necessary. BAUTISH, L. (1209) 1926. THE BEE LOUSE AND TOBACCO SMOKE)/ Apicul. Eationelle 10 (10): 300-301. [In French. Abstract in Biol. Abs. 1 (4): 521. 1927. Entry 5,365.] Experiments are recorded in the successful use of tobacco smoke in ridding bees, especially queens, of Braula coeca by the use of smoke. HSRROD-HEMPSALL, ¥. (1210) 1931. THE BLIND LOUSE 0E THE HONEY-BEE. Jour, llinist. Agr. 37 (12): 1176-1184, illus. [London]. [Abstract in Hev. Appl. Ent. (A) 19: 320-321. 1931.] Driving tobacco smoke, which kills this fly in 1 to 2 min, through the hive should rid the colony of these pests ( Braula coeca Nitz»), The brood chamber should be removed and the floor board brushed in order to remove any flies that might recover. PAFJ/1AN, D. C, BISH0PP, J, C., LAAKE, E. W. , COOKE, F. C , and (1211) HOAHK, R. C. 1927. CKEMOTROPIC TESTS WITH THE SC3EW-W0HM FLY. U. S. Dept. Agr. Dept. Bull. 1472, 32 p. Rabbit meat and "beef liver, treated with 40-percent nicotine sulphate, were tested for 5 days in two prison jars. The nicotine sulphate was of no value either as a repellent or in preventing infestation by this fly (C ochliomyia rnacellaria Fab.) (p. 5, 12, 25). MAZZACCARA, G. (1212) 1921. TKS HOUSE BOT. Allevarr.enti 2 (8): 238. [in Italian. Abstract in Rev, Appl. Ent. (3) 9: 176. 1921.] The a.dalt fly Gastrophilus intestinalis ( equi ) may be kept away from grazing animals by washing them with a solution of tobacco or other repellent. MARLATT, C. L. (1213) 1910. THE HORN FLY ( HASMATOBIA 5ERRATA ROB.-DESV.). U. S> Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Circ. 115, 13 p., illus. In Virginia Alwood used the following spray mixture against this post on cattle: 2 gal. petroleum, l/2 lb. whale-oil soap, 1 gal. soft .water; and a small amount of tobacco water. The application was made just after milking, using 1 to 2 pt. for each animal. It killed all the flies that were actually wetted by it and gave protection to the treated animals for 2 days (p. 8). HUGULEH. (1214) 1922. TRAITEMSNT BE L'HYPODESMOSE CHEZ LS CHEVAL ET LE BOSUF. Vie Agr. et Bur. Paris 20 (17): 291. [Abstract in Hev. Appl. Ent. (B) 10: 138-139. 1922.] Prophylactic treatments suggested against Hvpo derma include the application of tobacco infusion (100 per mi lie). MACDOUGALL, R. S. (1215) 1925. INSECT PESTS OE 1934. Trans. Highland and Agr. Soc. Scotland 1925, 27 pp., illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (B) 13: 162. 1925.] Further promising experiments have been made with dressings of nicotine sulphate in combination with lime for the control of warble flies ( Hypo derma ) . THOMPSON, H. W. (1216) 1925. A TEST OF THE TOBACCO POWDER AND LIME MIXTURE FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF WARBLEMAGGOTS. Welsh Jour. Agr. 1 (1): 200-201. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (B) 13: 184. 1925.] Six herds of cattle were treated with a dressing of 1 l/2 lb. of fresh lime, 4 lb. of tobacco powder, and 1 gal. of water, for the -- 27b - destruction of the larvae of warble-flies ( Hypo derma ) . After two dressings about 90 percent of the larvae were killed on animals that were tied up, and another application, made about 3 weeks after the first, was sufficient to kill all of them. BISHOP?, F/C, LAAKS, 3. W. , WELLS, R. W. , and PETERS, H. S. (1217) 1930. EXPERIMENTS WITH INSECTICIDES AGAINST CATTLE GRUBS, HYPODERMA SPP. Jour. Econ. Ent. 23: 852-863. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (3); 19: 34-35. 1931.] Tobacco powders and dusts containing 2 to 3 percent free nicotine or nicotine sulphate were extensively used and give a high degree of control. Apparently there is little difference between the effectiveness of free nicotine and nicotine sulphate when these are used in hydrated lime, tripoli earth, kaolin, or cream silica. Tests with tobacco powder containing 3.1 percent nicotine and with the same material reground indJ cate that fineness is an important factor, the reground powder giving a kill of 96.1 percent, as against 61.4 percent with the other. In view of the possible da: ?;er to cattle, not more than 5 oz. oi 2 percent or 2 oz. of 3 percent nicotine dust should be used on each animal. MACDOUGAL, R. S. . (1218) 1924. OX WARBLE PLIES. Scot. -Jour. Agr. 7 (l): 61-72. Tests on a large scale were conducted to destroy the larvae of Hypoderm a boy i s and H. li ne a turn in the skin of infested cattle. One dressing consisted of 1 lb. fresh lime, 1 gal. water, and 4 lb. tobacco powder. It was allowed to stand for 24 hours and was then strained. Applied as a wash with a sponge the liquid killed 82.7 percent of the larvae; applied with a brush, it killed 77,5 percent; and applied with a syringe, it killed as high as 63-3 percent. A wash, containing lethol (tetrachlor ethane) and nicotine, killed as high as 85.2 percent of the warbles, but this mixture was considerably concentrated. HINDS, W. E. (1219) 1925. DEPARTMENT OP ENTOMOLOGY. La. Agr. Expt. Sta. Ann. Rept. pp. 19-27, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (B) 14; 131. 1926.] Horn fly ( Lyperosia irri t ans L.) on cattle was controlled by a spray consisting of 90 cc. free nicotine, 250 cc. creosote, 1/4 lb. fish-oil soap (in 1 pt. water) and 1 qt. red pine oil diluted to 12 with cold water. MOORE, TO. (1220) 1917. VOLATILITY OP ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AS AN INDEX OP THE TOXICITY OP THEIR VAPORS TO INSECTS. Jour. Agr. Rns. 10: 367-371, illus. A piece of filter paper was soaked in nicotine and suspended in the center of a flask by means of a fine wire. Various quantities of this alkaloid were tested with an exposure to houseflies (Musca domes tica L.) limited to 400 min. in each test. It required 2.4 millionths of a grammolecule to kill the flies in 400 min. HBADLSE, T. J., and BECKWITH, C. S* (1221) 1918. SPRINKLING SEWAGE FILTER ELY PSYCHODA AL TSRNATA SAY. Jour. Econ. Ent. 11: 395-401. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (B) 7: 24. 1919.] The minimum dosage of Black Leaf 40 destructive to the fly was also destructive to the film. CUIEEA, T., and DINULESCU, G. (1222) 1924. RAVAGES CAUSES PAR LA M0UCHS DE G0L0IDATZ Ell ROUMANIS; SES ATTAQUE3 CONTRS LES ANIMAUX ET CONTRE L'HOMME. Ann. Trop Med & Parasite 18 (s)s 323-342, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (B) 12: 190 -191, 1924.] In Rumania, animals are protected against Simulium col umbaczense Schonb, by covering the more vulnerable eiarts with various mixtures such as decoctions from the leaves of absinthe, walnut or hazelnut trees, or even tobacco in vinegar or water. Mcdonald, r. e. (1223) 1919. THE STABLE ELY. Tex. Agr. Sept. Monthly. News Bull. 2 (3): 3. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (B) 7: 168. 1919.] The following spray is advocated against the- stable fly ( Stomox ys calci trans) and horn fly ( Lyperosia irritan s) : 1 to 2 lb. of soap brought to the boil in 1 gal, of water; to this 2 gal. of kerosene are added and when thoroughly mixed a boiled decoction of 1 lb. of tobacco or tobacco stems. Eor use this sproy should be diluted with 9 parts of water. MITZMAIN, M. B. (1224) 1913. THE SURRA-- COFv r EYI>TG FLY OE THE PHILIPPINES AND SOME FACTORS C0NC3: ' : '.IT ' : : L MEASURES. Phil. Agr. Rev. 6 (8): 371-379. [Abstract in Hev. Appl. Ent. (E) 1: 212-214. 1913.] The U* S« Bureau of Entomology has tried various washes and repellei _ tus_ F. including kerosene emulsion alone or with lobacco water adied. SEYMOUR- JONES , A. (1225) 1921. WARBLE FLIES AND THEIR MAGGOTS IN CATTLE. Leather Trades' Year Book 1921. London, 13th ed. , pp. 169-188, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (B) 10: 57. 1922.] *• . [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (B) 15: 8-10. 1927.] Warbles treated with 4 lb. tobacco powder and 1 lb. lime to 1 imperial gal. water showed over 80 percent mortality. Lethol [tetrachloro ethane] with 5 percent liquid nicotine (98-percent) was slightly less effective than Lethol alone. Pure nicotine at 0.5 per- cent killed about 50 percent of the larvae and nearly 100 percent at 1.23 percent. 1.4 lb. of 40-percent nicotine sulphate in 10 gal. water gave from 75 to 100 percent control when combined with 10 lb. lime, 87 percent control with 10 lbs. sodium carbonate and 84 percent control with 1 l/4 lbs. sodium carbonate. The superiority of tobacco powder and lime over pure nicotine is probably accounted for by the fact that lime produces a slow continuous liberation of nicotine from the powder, whereas the oure nicotine is very volatile. The results of the experi- ments with nicotine sulphate and lime, however, justify the recommendation of this preparation in addition to the tobacco dust and lime mixture, the formula being 2 fl. oz. 40-percent nicotine sulphate, 1 lb. calcium hydrate, and 1 imperial gi I. water. The tobacco dust and lime mixture does noi 1 1.1 but remains effective for about 6 days if kept in a closed receptacli • PETER. (1229) 1927. FURTHER TESTS OF CHEMICAL PREPARATIONS WITH REGARD TO THEIR USEFULNESS IN THE CONTROL OF WAR3LE FLY LARVAE. Berl. Tierarztl. Wchnschr. 43: 645-648. [in G> rman.] - Larvae were' put in Petri dishes with physiological salt solution and were treated by dropping upon them two to six drops of nicotine (1 por.conti and 4 percent concentrations) and tobacco-sulnhur- lime solutions. The larvae were killed within 2 to 3.5 n . . ALWOOD, W. 3. (1230) 1891. A NOTE Oil REMEDIES FOB THE HORN FLY. Insect Life 4: 68-69. One lb. of tobacco was boiled in 1 gal. water. A mixture, consisting of 1 part kerosene emulsion and 10 parts of this decoction, gave almost perfect immunity for 3 days against horn flies on cattle. One to two pt. of this spray were used per cow. GRAYBILL, H. W» (1231) 1914. REPELLENTS FOR PROTECTING ANIMALS FROM THE ATTACKS OF FLIES. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 131,. 2 6 pp. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (B) 3: 37-38. 1915.] Tobacco powder has less killing power than pyre thrum powder but is more satisfactory as the effect of pyrethrum lasts only for about a day. COOK, R. C., HUTCHISON, R, H. , and SCALES, F. M. (1232) 1915. FURTHER EXPERIMENTS IN THE DESTRUCTION OF FLY LARVAE IN HORSE MANURE. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 245, 22 pp., illus "Black Leaf 40" (1 to 50, 1 to 250, and 1 to 500) was applied to manure in cages containing the larvae of houseflies. In none of the tests did it show any larvicidal action (p. 14). WILHELMI, J. (1233) 1795. DIE KRIEBELMUCK3NPLAGE. Jena, 246 pp., illus. 1920. To repel Simuliidae (black flies) on animals Scho'nbaur in 1795 recommended that the animals be rubbed with a decoction of tobacco leaves plus either petroleum or whale oil ond that the treatment be renewed every 3 days. He claims to have had good results for 2 years (p. 166). BISHOPP, P. C., COOK, F. C., PAIMAN, D. C, and LAAKS, S- W. (1234) 1923. PROGRESS REPORT OF INVESTIGATIONS RELATING TO REPELLENTS, ATTRACTANTS AND LARVICIDES FOR THE SCREW-WORM AND OTHERS FLIES. Jour. Econ. Ent. 16: 222-224. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (B) 11: 121-122. 1923.] The development of fly larvae in blow-fly baits composed of meat products (such as rabbit carcasses) is prevented by surrounding the bait with a solution of l/3 oz. 40-percent nicotine sulphate in 2 qt. of water - 282 - WAHL, R. 0., and Du PLESSI3, S. (1235) . 1923. COMBATING SHEEP-MAGGOT FLIES. Jour. Dept. Agr. Union of So. Africa. 7 (5): 428-432, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Apt)1. Exit. (3) 12: 19-20. 1924.] A solution of 1 part of nicotine extract (7 percent nicotine) to 60 parts of water should be poured over the bait in fly traps, filling the tin up to the level of the fly entrances. If eggs are deposited in the bait, any maggots that hatch drop to the bottom of the tin and fall into the nicotine solution and are killed. CREVE, L. (1236) 1925. V3ESUCEE ZUB ESKSMPITJHG DER DAS5EL-FLISGENPLAGE MITTELS ARZNSIMITTEL. Dcut. Tierarztliche Wochenschrift 33: 677-680. Rubbing hypo co tine-paste (a nicotine preparation) on cattle was not very satisfactory as a remedy for botfly larvae. The harmlessness of it to cattle is questioned. LAAKS, S. 77., and CUSHING, 3. C (1237) 1930. ELY TRAPPING Oil THE RANGES OE THE SOUTHWEST. Jour. Econ. Ent. 23: 966-972. [Abstract in Rev. Ap?l. Ent. (B) 19: 94-95. 1931.] The most effective bait was found to be 2 lb. fresh meat (of goats or sheep) to which is added 2 gal. water and nicotine sulphate at the rate of 4 cc. to 1 gal. water. The addition of nicotine sulphate inhibits the development of fly larvae and does not interfere with the normal decomposition of the meat or reduce its attractiveness to blow- flies. PAEMAN, D. C (1238) 1932. A BOX- TYPE TRAP TO AID IN THE CONTROL OE EYE GNATS AND BLOW- FLIES. U. S. Dept. Agr. Circ. 247, 4pp., illus. Also, CONSTRUCTION OF THE BOX TYPE TRAP FOR EYE GNATS AND BLOWFLIES. U. S- Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Mimeographed Circ. E 299, 4 pp., illus. 1932. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (B) 21: 210. 1933.]" The best catches were made when the bait (decaying meat) was floated in water. If parasites are not being reared, it has been found advantageous to add 1 teaspoonful of nicotine sulphate to each gallon of water as a larvicide. -•283 - 2. Mosquitoes, 1900-1933 HOWARD, L. 0. (1239) 1900. NOTES OK MOSQUITOES. OF THE UNITED STATES. U. S> Dept. Agr. Div. Ent. Bull. 25, 70 pp., illus. Colli and Casagrandi in Italy soy that tobacco might he used to kill mosquito larvae, and to kill the aerial mosquitoes we have odors, fumes, or gases. Among the fumes are tobacco, etc. (p. 59). TRILLAT, and LEC-ENDRE, J. (1240) 1909. ETUDE SUB LE TOXICITE DE3 VAPEUHS DE QUSLQUES SUBSTANCES CHIMIQUES SUR LES M0U3TIQUES. Kyg. Gen. et Appl. 4: 542-546. Tests with the fumes of nicotine and quinoleine under 'glass bells upon mosquitoes are described. A paper soaked with a 0.5 per- cent nicotine solution is placed under a glass bell. The mosquitoes are still alive after 30 minutes, but on evaporating 0.1 g. of a dilution of l/200,000, mosquitoes died in 3 minutes and flies died in 5 minutes. ECKSTEKI, F. (1241) 1920. AUS FINER FSLDSTATION FUR STECKKUCK3N. Ztachr. Angew. Ent. ■6: 338-371, illus. A'nong the many substances tried in order to determine suitable repellents for mosquitoes was tobacco extract, some of which was rubbed on a spot (about 1 sq. in.) on the upper surface of the hand- The hand was exposed 17 min., during which the treated area received 14 stings and the rest of the hand, 94. There was no protection against Culicada vexa ns and C. l ateral is , but to some extent it warded off C_. c antans "(pp. 352-353, 370-371). [PARFENT'EV, I. A.,] PARFSNTJEV, T. A. (1242) 1925. ON THE METHODS OF DESTRUCTION OF MOSQUITOES. Jour. Econ. Ent. 18: 839-840, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (B) 14: 28. 1926.] Smoke from burning waste tobacco plus chopped straw or hay was successful against mosquitoes when applied at a dosage of 30-40 grains per-cu. m. and exposed for 16 hours. Nicotine was volatilized by pouring a nicotine solution on unslaked lime. By lengthening the time of exposure to nicotine of Culex pipiens L. and Anopheles maculipennis Mg. from 5 min. to 15 hours the lethal dose of nicotine can be reduced from 8 to 0.5 gr. per cu. m. I. (1243) 1926. OBSERVATIONS AND CONTROL OF HIBERNATING MOSQUITOES IN SANATORIA. Russ. Jour. Trop. Med., Moscow, No. 4, pp. 23-25. [in Russian. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (B) 14: 203. 1926.] - 284 - The chief control adopted was fumigating, tobacco dust giving the best results at the lowest price. The burning of 40 g. per cu. m. killed all mosquitoes. VUISHELSSSKAYA, IT. S., and PAKPENT'EV, I. A. (1244) 1926. ON TIE METHOD OF CONTROLLING MOSQUITOES. Defense des Plantes 3 (1): 97. [in Russian. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Snt. (B) 14: 151. • 1926.] In tests with nicotine to destroy mosquitoes in their hibernating quarters, such as cellars, the results show that the lethal dose both for Anophelines and Culicines ranges between 8 g. per cu. m. at an expos-ore of 5 minutes and 0.5 g. at an exposure of 15 hours. CLYDE, D. (1245) 1931. REPORT OR THE CONTROL OF MALARIA DURING THE SARDA CANAL CONSTRUCTION (1920-1929). Rec Malaria Surv. India 2 (1): 49-100, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (B) 19: 163-165. 1931.] Fumigation of permanent and temporary buildings was carried out at weekly intervals from 1926 and was found to be of great importance. For routine work a mixture of equal parts of sulphur and powdered waste tobacco leaves and stems was employed. Fumigation proved of great value even in the case of laborers' huts and shops made of grass and bamboos. At the rate of l/2 lb. to 1,000 cu. ft. space, the mixture, if burned quickly, was found to clear closed buildings of mosquitoes in 15 minutes (p. 165). RICHARDSON, C. H. , and SHEPARD, H. H. (1246) 1931. TOXICITY OF NICOTINE TO INSECTS. Nature 127 (3195): 144. The authors describe some experiments (Jour. Agr. P.es. 41: 337) with mosquito larvae, in which nicotine was presented in aqueous solution only, and in which a wide range in the relative concentration of ions and dissolved molecules was obtained by varying the pH value. Since the results obtained show that the free base is more toxic than its salts in the absence of the gaseous phase, the view that the greater toxicity of the alkaloid is due to its greater volatility, hitherto put forward ~oy other workers v. ho obtained a similar result with methods including this form, cannot be accepted. Nicotine ions are also toxic, but considerably less so than the molecules. SHEPARD, H. H. (1247) 1931. THE RELATIVE TOXICITY OF ROTENONE AND NICOTINE TO APHIS RU MICIS L. AND MOSQUITO LARVAE. Jour. Scon. Ent. 24: 725-731. [Abstract in Rev. Aopl. Ent. (B) 19: 198. 1931.] - 265 - The relative percentages of mortality were 10.5 and 15.5 in the case of 0.01 percent nicotine, and 34.5 and 76.0 in that of 0.01 percent rotenone, for 30-minute and 2-hour exposures respectively. The figures indicate the combined percentage of killed and paralyzed mosquito larvae v/hich had "been immersed in suspensions or solutions of the two substances. Against the above aphid the toxicity of rotenone as a contact insecticide is definitely higher than that of ni co ti ne • WEST, A. P., and RUSSELL, p. F. (1248) 1932. EXPERIMENTS WITH VARIOUS TOXIC SUBSTANCES PARTIALLY ABSORBED ON CHARCOAL AS AN ANOPHELES. LARV I C IDE. LARVICIDE STUDIES, IV. Philippine Jour. Sci. 49 (2): 211-217, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (B) 21: 9.. 1933.] The larvicidal value of certain non-arsenical substances, including nicotine, partly adsorbed on charcoal (R.A.E. , B, 20: 236) was tested against anopheline larvae, but most of them were quite ineffective and none was so satisfactory as paris green. BOGOJAWLENSXI , N. A. (1249) 1933. MALARIA IN THE KASAKH DISTRICT OE AZERBAIJAN AS OBSERVED DURING MANY YEARS. Arch. Schiffs- u. Tropenhyg. 37 (1): 19-28, illus. Leipzig. [in German. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (B) 21: 62. 1933.] The measures adopted against malaria caused by mosquitoes are quinine prophylaxis, small-scale drainage, dusting with paris green, and fumigation of animal quarters by burning tobacco dust mixed with dung. CAMPBELL, p. L., SULLIVAN, W. N. , and SMITH, C. R. (1250) 1933. THE RELATIVE TOXICITY OE NICOTINE, ANABASINE, METHYL ANABASINE AND LUPININE OR CULICINE MOSQUITO LARVAE. Jour. Econ. Ent. 26 (2): 500-509, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (a) 21: 342. 1933.] Based on the concentration required to kill 50 percent of the mosquito larvae in 8 hours at 29.3° C., the relative toxicity of the four alkaloids follows: nicotine 100, anabasine 38, methyl anabasine 21, and lupinine 6 (?). According to the unpublished observations of other workers, nicotine and anabasine may be equally effective against aphids. Nicotine and anabasine are much less toxic than rotenone against mosquito larvae and houseflies.. . - 285 - 3. Midgelike Plies, 1879-195 4 MILLER, D. . (1251) 1922. TIE OLEARIA BUD-GALL MIDGE. Jour. Dept. Agr. Hew Seal. 25: 340-344, illus. This midge ( Cecidomyia oleariae Mask. ) infests akiraho ( Qlearia f orsteri Hook. ) , an ornamental shrub in New Zealand. The infestation might be reduced to a certain extent by spraying the shrubs through- out the spring with Black Leaf 40 (1 : SCO), but applications have to be made at least 2 or 2 times a week in order to be effective. TRUELLS, A- (1252) 1913. IS IT P0SSI3LE TO PREVENT -THE BLACK CECIDOMYIA FROM LAYING EGGS ON PEAR TREES? Vie Agr. 2: 448-449. [in French. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 1: 204. 1913.] . Against Cecidomyia pirivora or nigra on pear trees in Prance the following spray mixture is recommended: 1 1. 10-percent nicotine, 1.5 1. methyl alcohol (90-percent), 200 g. soft soap, and 100 1. rainwater. MUNDINGER, F. G. (1253) .1930. APPLE MAGGOT AND PEAR MIDGE INVESTIGATION. New York State Hort. Soc. Proc. 75: 168-171. [Abstract in Rev. Apol. .Ent. (A) 18: 453-454, 1930.] Lime-sulphur 1 to 40, with 3/4 pint nicotine sulphate to 100 gal. appeared the most promising of the materials used against the pear midge ( Contarinia pyrivora Riley). STANILAND, L. N. , and WALTON, C. L. (1254) 1930. EXPERIMENTS ON THE CONTROL OF PEAR MIDGE ( CONTARINIA PYRIVORA ) . PROGRESS REPORT. Agr. Hort. Res. Sta. Bristol Rept. 1929, pp. 124- 129. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (a) 18: 597. 1930] Trials wore made with a spray of 6 oz. nicotine in ICO gals. water with the requisite amount of soft *oap applied to the open blossoms at the rati of 3 l/2 gal. per tree. A marked reduction in attack was observed. HARTZELL, p. Z. (1255) 1931. THE FEAR MIDGE. N. Y. State Hort. Soc Proc 76th Ann. Meeting, pp. 189-197. [Abstract in R^v. Appl. Ent. (A) 19: 403. 1931.] Several sprays designed to kill the adult near midge ( Contarinia pyrivora Riley) before they had oviposited, all of which contained nicotine sulphate combined with othc r materials in the proportion of 1 to BOO, .ere applied in April. The majority gave a high degree of control, narticularly one containing 2 percent Volck oil. - 287 - MUNDINGER, F. &. (1256) 1931. THE PEAR MIDGE. Jour. Scon. Ent. 24: 196-200. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 19: 352-353. 1931.] It appears that the pear midge ( Contarinia pyrivcra Riley) may be best controlled in the adult stage by sprays containing nicotine sulphate applied when the cluster buds begin to swell so that the sepals pull apart. Satisfactory results have been obtained ivith 3/4 pt. to 100 gal. in combination with lime-sulphur (1 to 40 or stronger), 2 percent Volck oil emulsion, or 6 lb. fish-oil soap, and with 1 pt. in combination with bordeaux mixture (2-10-100). ANONYMOUS (1257) 1932. PLANT DISEASES AND PESTS IN DENMARK IN 1931. Tidsskr. Planteavl. 38, pp. 349-395, illus. Also as Overs. St. Plantepat. Eorsp'g. No. 48. Copenhagen. [in Danish with a summary in English. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 20: 655. 1932.] The attacks of Contarinia pyrivom Riley on pear seemed to be increasing. The trees were sprayed with nicotine without positive result. SCH0YSN, T. H. (1258) 1932. SPRAYING EXPERIMENTS WITH CONTARINIA PYRIVORA AND AR GYRSSTHIA CONJUGSL IA. Landbruksdirekt. Beret. 1931, pp. C1-C14, illus. [in Norwegian. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (a) 21: 201-202. 1933.] Spraying the blossom after it was fully opened with nicotine sulphate (1:800) to destroy the newly-hatched larvae of the pear gall- midge (C ontarinia pyrivora Riley) before they had time to penetrate the ovaries proved more successful. Trees sprayed with nicotine sul- phate when about two- thirds of the blossom was open produced an average of 360 lb. of fruit, trees treated when the petals '#ere about to fall producing 214 lb. The value of nicotine preparations against the apple fruit miner (A rgyresthia con.ju^ella Zell.) was first shown in 1927 in Sweden. Nicotine sprays are most effective if applied on the last day before the eggs of this moth hatch. Laboratory tests showed that 40-percent nicotine sulphate will kill eggs just about to hatch or newly hatched larvae of this moth even at a dilution of 1 to 800. The larvae are killed even if they have partly bored into the skin of the apple. With two sprays applied at the most favorable times the moth can be quite satisfactorily controlled in the orchard by means of a comparatively weak spray. With sprays at double strength (1:400), it is possible to kill 20-day old eggs, so that the use of stronger sprays allows a wider margin of time for making the applications. Details are given of the results of one or two applications of nicotine sulphate in various orchards. - 283 - VAYSSIERE, P. (1259 1928. THE CSCIDOMYIID 0? THE GRAPE (CONTARINIA YITICOLA RUBS.) Ill CHAMPAGME. Compt. Rend. Acad. Agr. Frnnce 14 (27): 906-910. [in French. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 16: 589. 1928.] Arsenical treatments are useless, "but in the localities invaded "by this gall-gnat, the first applications against the vine moths next year should consist of nicotine or pyre thrum. ES3IG, E- 0. (1260) 1916. THE CHRYSANTHEMUM GALL-FLY, DIARTHRONOMYIA" HYPOGAEA (F. LOW). Jour. Scon. Ent. 9: 461-468, illus. Black Leaf 40 (l : 160C) will give temporary relief if applied once or twice, hut to get good results it must be used every 2 or 3 weeks. BRITTON, W. E. . (1261) 1919. EIGHTEENTH REPORT OF THE STATS ENTOMOLOGIST OF CONNECTICUT FOR 1918. Conn. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 211, pp. 249-352. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 7: 359-341. 1919.] Thorough spraying every few days with nicotine sulphate solution (1:500) and soap is said to kill the emerging adults and many of the eggs of the chrysanthemum gall midge ( Diarthronoroyia hypogaea Lw.). GUYTON, T. L. (1262) 1919. NICOTINE SULPHATE SOLUTION AS A CONTROL FOR THE CHRYSANTHEMUM GALL MIDGE DIARTHRONOMYIA HYPOGAEA H. LW. Jour. Scon. Ent. 12: 163- 165, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 7: 279. 1919.] Nicotine sulphate (40-percent) at 1 to 500 plus 1 oz fish oil soap per gallon was effective provided the plant was completely covered with the solution and the spray repeated every 4 or 5 days. WEIGEL, C. A., and SANFORD, H. L. (1263) 1920. CHRYSANTHEMUM MIDGE. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 833, 25 p. , illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (a) 8: 354-365. 1920.] If nicotine papers are used for fumigation one sheet to 1,000 cu. ft. of space will suffice. If fumigation is impracticable, spraying with 40-percent nicotine sulphate (1 : 800) should be prac- ticed every afternoon for a period of 4 to 6 weeks. If the stocks of chrysanthemums are in benches or cold frames, a thorough treatment with equal parts of dry or air-slaked lime and tobacco dust should be made to help control this midge ( Diarthronomyia hypogaea Lw.)- - 2£3 - ZAPPE, M. P. (1264) 1920. EXPERIMENTS TO CONTROL THE CHRYSANTHEMUM GALL MIDGE, DIARTHRONOITCIA HYPOGAEA LOEW. Conn. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 218, pp. 161-165. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Snt. (A) 8: 342. 1920.] Nicotine sulphate (40-percent) with soap, applied every 3 or 4 days, is a satisfactory remedy and is probably the easiest and best spray for commercial florists to use. GRIMES, D. W. (1265) 1922. THE CHRYSANTHEMUM GALL MIDGE. Miss. State Plant Bd. Quart. Bull. 2 (1-2): 8-9. [Abstract in Rev. Aopl. Ent. (A) 11: 109. 1923.] For combating Diarthronomyia h ypogaea Lw. chrysanthemum plants should be dipped in or sprayed with a solution of 1 oz. soap, 1 gal. water and a teaspoonful of Black Leaf 40. The treatment should be applied, every 4 or 5 days for about two months or until no more galls are found. SPEYER, E. R. (1266) 1928. ENTOMOLOGICAL REPORT. Nursery and Market Gard. Indus. Devlpmt. Soc, 13th Ann. Rept. Expt. andP.es. Sta., 1927, pp. 60-80. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (a) 17: 405-407. 1929.] The following recommendations are made for the control of the chrysanthemum midge ( D i ar t hro nomy i a hy po ga e a Lw . ) : The plants should be sprayed with nicotine (90 percent commercial), 1 to 400, with potash soft soap (1/2 oz. to a gal.), to kill the adults as they emerge from the galls, and also the eggs. The spray is not effective against the larvae that have entered the leaf tissue. All cuttings should be dipped in nicotine (1 : 800) without soft soap before planting. MILES, H. W. (1257) 1929. THE CHRYSANTHEMUM MIDGE, DIARTHPOHOMYIA HYPOGAEA F. LW. Northwest. Nat. 4 (4): 173-175, illus. [Abstract 'in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 18: 330-331. 1930.] Spraying with 98-percent nicotine at the rate of 2 oz. in 25 gal. water with soft soap to lather while the adults are emerging and ovipositing gave successful control. [cf. R.A.E. , A, 17: 406] GILMORE, J. W., and MILAM, J. (1268) 1934. A NEW PEST IN TOBACCO PLANT BEDS, IIMN03IA ULTIMA 0. S. Jour. Econ. Ent. 27: 290-291. Tests were made with nicotine sulphate, 10 cc. per gal. of water. The beds were drenched with this solution and effective control of the infestation was obtained. Kills of the larvae of this tipulid fly were noted within a few minutes after the soil had been treated. - 290 - CORY, E. N. (1269) 1914. ENTOMOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE YEA?. 1913 AND SOME WORK UNDERTAKEN FOR THE CONTROL OF INJURIOUS INSECTS. Md. State Hort. Soc Rept. 16 (1913): 168-170. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 2: 361. 1914.] Spraying with whale-oil soap md Black Leaf 40 against the "box- wood leaf miner Monarthropalpu s buxi has not been entirely successful, but promises well. HAMILTON, C. C (1270) 1921. NOTES ON THE LIFE HISTORY AND CONTROL METHODS OF THE BOX WOOD LEAF MIDGE MONARTHROPALPUS BUXI LABOU. Jour. Econ. Ent. 14: 359-365, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Ap-ol. Ent. (A) 10: 72. 1922.] Of the various contact sprays tried under laboratory conditions one containing 1 part molasses, 5 parts water and Black Leaf 1 to 100 gave the best results. Black Leaf 40 and Black Leaf resinate at 1 to 500 also proved effective. The addition of soap at the rate of 4 lbs. to 50 gals, increased the wetting properties of the spray. BRITTON, W. E., and ZAPPE, M. P. (1271) 1922. MISCELLANEOUS INSECT NOTES. Conn. Agr. Sxpt. Sta. Bull. 234, pp. 94-202. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 10: 337-338. 1922.] For the control of the boxwood leaf miner (M o nar thropalp us buxi Lab.), spraying with Black Leaf 40 and Black Leaf resinate alternately, each diluted with 500 parts of water, is recommended. Spraying orchard trees with lead arsenate with nicotine sulphate added will probably reduce the injury from Coatodisca splcndoriferell a, Clem. Sprays that have proved effective against the rhododendron lace- bug Leptobyrs a rhododendri Horv. include nicotine sulphate and kerosene emulsion. (1272) 1924. TWENTY-THIRD REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST OF CONNECTICUT, 1923. Conn. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 256, pp. 223-316. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 12: 419-422. 1924.]' Spraying with nicotine solution and soap is advised against Lepidosaphes ulmi. Against Mo nar thro palpus buxi Lab. (boxwood leaf miner) the foliage should be sprayed thoroughly about May 1 with miscible oil (1 to 20 parts water) with 1 pt. 40-percent nicotine sulphate to each 50 gal. of mixture. This treatment should be repeated about a week later. - 291 - DODGE, B. 0., and SWIFT, M- E. (1273) 1930. NOTES ON BOXWOOD TROUBLES. Jour. N. Y. Eot. Gard. 31 (368): 191-198. [Abstract in Bioli Absi 8 (5)t 1251. 1934. Entry 11,553.] The boxwood leaf miner ( Mo nar thro palpus buxi ) and boxwood psylla ( psyllia buxi ) may be controlled by spraying with Black Leaf 40, 1 part, molasses (1:5) 500 parts. ROSS, W. A. (1274) 1919. THE ROSE MIDGE IN ONTARIO, CANADA. Agr. Gaz. 6 (2): 137-138, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 7: 211-212. 1919.] Total eradication of the rose midge ( Neocerata rhodophaga ) was obtained by sprinkling tobacco dust over the beds in greenhouses and by nightly fumigating with tobacco paper. SASSCER, E. R., and BORDEN, A- D. (1275) 1919. THE ROSE MIDGE. U. S. Dept- Agr. Bull. 778, 8 pp., illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 7: 321-322. 1919.] Tests have shown that Neocerata rhodophaga Coq. may be kept in check by applications of tobacco dust to the soil and persistent, nightly fumigation with tobacco. ROSS, W. A., and CAESAR, L. (1276) 1922. INSECTS OE THE SEASON IN ONTARIO. Ontario. Ent. Soc. 52d Ann. Rept. 1921, pp. 42-50, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 11: 192-193. 1923.] Pests in greenhouses were: Neocerata ( Pasyneura ) rhodophaga (rose midge), controlled by tobacco dust; piarthronomyia hypogaea (chrysanthemum midge), eradicated by spraying with nicotine and soap every other day over a period of 6 weeks. Lygus communis , the green apple bug, was successfully controlled by early applications of nico- tine sulphate (1:800). BODENHEIMER, F. (1277) 1879. CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF TIFULA OLERACEA L. Ztschr. Angew. Ent. 9: 1-80, illus. [in German.] Girard in 1879 recommended the following mixture against the larvae of this cranefly in moist meadows: 30 g. tobacco, 60 g. black soap, and 120 g. flowers of sulphur. These were boiled in 3 1. of water, then diluted with 7 to 8 1. of water, and applied to the soil containing the larvae. This remedy is now rejected (pp. 39-40). - 292 - THOMPSON, R. V,'. (1273) 1950. AW OUTBREAK OF MYCSTOFHILID AND CHIRONOMID LARVAE IN A LARGE COMMERCIAL GREENHOUSE. Ontario" Ent. Soc. 60th Ann. Rept. 1929, pp. 96-99, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 19: 36-37. 1951.] Tobacco dust applied as a covering about 3/8 in. deep all over the soil immediately after thorough wetting will kill the newly emerging flies and prevent those that have emerged from ovipositing. As it prevents cultivation and watering, this insecticide can be applied only as a temporary measure. 4. Mushroom Flies, 1912-1935 POPENOE, C. H. (1279) 1912. INSECTS INJURIOUS TO MUSHROOMS. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Circ. 155, 10 pp., illus. One of the best methods for the destruction of adults of mush- room flies ( Sciara multiseta Felt and S_. agraria Felt) in mushroom houses is fumigation with tobacco or nicotine fumigants such as are used in greenhouses. These should be used in accordance with the directions indicated on the package, because as yet no standard dose has been formulated. (1280) 1917. MUSHROOM PESTS AND HOW TO CONTROL THEM. U. 3- Dept. Agr. Farmers' Bull. 789, 15pp., illus. [Abstract in Rpv. Appl* Ent. (A) 5: 425-424. 1917.] Pests of cultivated mushrooms include the larvae, commonly known as "mushroom maggots" of Sciara multiseta Felt., S« agraria Felt, and Aphiochaeta albidihalteris Felt. For destroying the adults the houses can be fumigated with tobacco or nicotine prepara- tions such as are used in greenhouses, the treatment being made once a week during the bearing season. AUSTIN, I,'. D., and JARY, S. G. (1281) 1935. INVESTIGATIONS ON THE INSECT AND ALLIED PESTS OF CULTIVATED MUSHROOMS. I. SCIARA FENESTRALIS ZETT. Jour. So. East. Col. Wye, no. 52, pp. 59-62, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 21: 489. 1933.] In regard to mycetophilid flies ( Sciara fenestrali s) where fumigation is possible, the volatilisation of nicotine sometimes gives good results and does not appear to harm the mushroom crop. Adults and young larvae, either hatching or just in the soil, may be killed by the application of 10 oz. or more of nicotine (95 - 98 percent) in 100 gal. water apolied by means of a fine rose on a watering can. - 303 - MACLEOD, G. F. , and BUTCHER, F. (J. (1282) 1934. STUDIES OF MILLIPED AND GNAT INJURIES TO POTATO TUBERS. Jour. Econ. Ent. 27: 106-108. Tobacco dust was used at the rate of from 400 to 500 lbs. per acre.- It was applied to the soil by- hand or with a grain drill and then worked into the soil by harrowing previous to the planting of the potatoes. Its treatment showed small reductions in the percentage of injured tubers and only, a small increase in the percentage of clean tubers. The insect was a fungus gnat larva ( Sciara sp.). CHARLES, V. K. , and POPENOE, C. H. (1283) 1928. SOME MUSHROOM DISEASES AND THEIR CARRIERS. U. S. Dept. Agr. Circ. 27-, 9 op., illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 16: 570- 571. 1928.] For fumigating mushroom houses, free nicotine is preferable to nicotine sulphate solutions, since the latter are less volatile and the soap generally used to release the free nicotine from them is injurious to mushrooms, though air-slaked lime or hydrated lime at the rate of 1 lb. to 50 gal. nicotine sulphate may be substituted. STAPEL, c. (1284) 1932. INSECT PESTS OF MUSHROOM BEDS. Gart. Tidende, reprint 6 p. , illus., Copenhagen. [in Danish. Abstract in Rev. Appl* Ent. (A) 20: 369-370. 1952.] The remedies suggested include a 0.2 percent nicotine spray against the mycetophilid flies, the ceilings and walls as well as the beds being treated if there is a mass infestation; and fumigation with paradichlorobenzene against the springtails. THOMAS, C. A. (1285) 1932. OBSERVATIONS ON MUSHROOM INSECTS. Jour. Scon. Ent. 25 (2): 322-331. [Abstract in Biol. Abs . 7 (7): 1630. Entry 16,537. 1935.] Heavy infestations of flies (Mycetophilidae and Phoridae) may be controlled by pyrethrum dusts and tobacco or cyanide fumigants. 5. Beet Fly, 1917-1953 . F., J. (1285) 1917. THE BEST FLY. Gard. Chron. no. 1593, p. 4, July. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 5: 402-403. 1917.] Squeezing the leaves to kill the larvae is efficacious against Pegomyia hyoscyami ( Anthomyia betae) , but dusting the plants while damp with soot or powdered lime or spraying the leaves with s trongly smelling tobacco water or with XLA11 liquid insecticide also gives good results. - 294 - KEMNER, ". .:. (1237) 1925. THE BEET-FLY, PSGOi.:YIA KY05 CY.U.I PZ. AND THE GREAT BEET-FLY OUTBREAK 0? 1924. Meddel. Centralrnst. Forsoksv. Jordbruksomradet [Sweden]. No. 268 (Snt. Avdel. no. 47), 56 pp., illus. [in Swedish. Abstract in Hev. Appl. Snt. (A) 13: 538-539. 1925.] Experimentally, spraying with 1-2 per miile of nicotine sulphate after thinning out the plants gave good results against the larvae. BREMER, H. (1288) 1926. Oil THE BEST FLY PEST AND ITS CONTROL. Illus. Landw. Ztg. 46 (14): 1-3. April 2. [in German. Abstract in Hev. Appl. Snt. (A) 15: 110. 1927.] Kemmer's experimental results with a nicotine sulphate spray against the larvae of the beet fly ( Pegomyia hyoscyami Panz.) are not applicable in practice owing to the cost. JANISCH, R. (1289) 1926. COMPARATIVE RESEARCHES ON THE ACTION OF RESPIRATORY POISONS ON THE BEET FLY.. Anz. Schadlingsk. 2 (8): 94-96. [in German. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Snt. (A) 14: 50?. 1926.] In laboratory tests with fumigants on adults of the beet fly ( P egorny i a hyo s cyami Pnn z . ) hydrocyanic acid proved to be the cheapest and most effective, nicotine coming next. WALTON, C. L. (1290) 1928. SOKE EXPERIMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF MANGOLD FLY. Welsh Jour. Agr. 4: 347-350. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Snt. (A) 17: 438. 1929.] Sprays of oil emulsion or nicotine sulphate (2 l/2 oz. nicotine sulphate and 1 lb. soft soap to 10 gal. water) did not injure seedling plants and afforded considerable protection against the mangel fly ( Pegomyia hyoscyami var. betae Curt.), but they should be applied as soon as the plants appear. KAUFiuANN, 0. (1291) 1929. STATUS OF THE BEET-FLY IN 1928. Zuckerrubenbau 11: 103. [Abstract in Fortschr. Landw. 4 (17): 573. 1929. Rev. Aopl. Snt. (A) 17: 686. 1929.] None of the materials used, including nicotine, against the larvae of the beet fly ( Pegomyia hyoscyami Panz.) in the leaves proved satisfactory. - 395 - FULM3K, L. (1292) 1931. THE BEET-FLY IN THE TULLNSRFSLD DISTRICT, AUSTRIA. Wien. Landw. Ztg. 81 (27), reprint 4 pp. [Vienna.] [in German. Abstract in Hev. Appl. Snt. (A) 20: 663* 1932* ] The measures advised against this fly ( P ogomy i a. hy o s cy ;im i Pan z . ) were spraying with 2 percent tobacco extract with the addition of l/8 percent lysol or l/2 -percent soft soap. A further addition of 2 percent methylated spirit can be made. MENOZZI, C. (1293) 1931. INFORMATION OH THE DAMAGE CAUSED BY INSECTS TO BEET DURING THE SUGAR-BEET SEASON OF 1930 AMD OH THEIR CONTROL. Indus. Saccarif. Ital. 24 (2): reprint 7 op. 1931. [in Italian. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 19: 451-462. 1931.] The only satisfactory measure was spraying with 0.25 percent nicotine sulphate when the larvae of flies ( Pegonyia hyoscyani Panz.) first appeared, and it is thought that two aoplications at an interval of 10 days should be sufficient. (1294) 1931. ON THE DAMAGE CAUSED BY INSECTS TO SUGAR-BEET IN ITALY DURING THE YEAR 1931. Indus. Saccarif. Ital. 24 (12): reprint 7 pa. , illus. [in Italian. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Snt. (a) 20: 252. 1932.] The beet fly ( Pegomyia hyoscyami Panz.) again caused considerable loss in north Italy. It was associated with P. esuriens Mg. and the ephydrid Clanoneurum menozzii Seguy. Spraying with nicotine sulphate proved effective against these flies. MAYNS, R. (1295) 1932. REPORT ON TESTS OF DESTRUCTION OF THE BIST FLY. Ann. Genbloux 38 (4): 164-168. [Brussels.] [in French. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 20: 340. 1932.] In a field test in Belgium with beet seedlings having 4 to 5 leaves, the application of nicotine (1 : 500), with soap killed only about 50 percent of the larvae, the spray not penetrating sufficiently into the mines. MENOZZI, C. (1296) 1933. THE SUGAR-BEET SEASON OF 1932 A3 REGARDS INSECT INFESTATION. Indus. Saccarif. Ital. 26 (1), reprint 7 pp., illus. [in Italian. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 21: 267. 1933.] The beet fly ( Pegomyia hyosc.ya.mi Panz.) was responsible for a fair amount of injury throughout Italy, but the nicotine sulphate spray again proved effective. - 296 - 6. Hoot Maggots. 1857-1929. TROITZKY, H. IT. . . (1297) 1921. ABOUT CABBAGE, CHORTOPH ILA BRASSICAE AND PLA5I.IQDI0P H0RA BRASSICA3 Proc. 2d All-Russian Ent. -Phytopath. Meeting in Fetrograd, 25th- 30th Oct. 1920, pp. 165-177, i! Appl. Ent. (A) 10: 432. 1922.] Among several insecticides tried against Chortoohil a was tobacco extract. The plants with the surrounding earth were dipped into the insecticide until the earth was saturated, after which they were trans- ferred to the field. Tobacco apparently 'retards the growth of the plants. The harvest from the disinfected plants, however, was greatly increased in comparison with untreated plants. BRITTAIN, W. H. (1238) ■1922. FURTHER EXPERIMENTS IN THE CONTROL OF THE CABBAGE MAGGOT ( CHORTOPHILA BRASSICAE BOUCHE) IN 1921. Acadian Ent. Soc Proc. 1921, No. 7, pp. 49-71. [Abstract in Eev. AddI. Ent. (A) 11: 85-86. 1923.] Plants treated with a dust mixture composed of 1 part mercury bichloride and 99 parts tobacco dust produced the largest yield. 3RITTAIN, W. H. (1293) 1923. SOME RECENT EXPERIMENTS IN THE CONTROL OF THE CABBAGE MAGGOT ( CHORTOPHILA BRASSICAE BOUCHE). Jour. Econ. Ent. 16: 61-68. A tobacco dust (99 percent) corrosive sublimate mixture gave the highest average results of the four mixtures tested for a three year period. VASINA, A. N. (1300) 1927. THE CABBAGE FLY (PYLEMYIA BRASSICAE BCH. AND H. FL O KALIS FALL.) Trud. Opuitno-Issled. Uchastka Stantz. Zashch. • Rast. Vred. Moskovsk. Zemel. Otd. , pt. 1, pp. 63-89, illus. Moscow. [in Russian. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 16: 412-414. 1928.] Tobacco dust applied to the soil under cabbage plants did not prevent oviposition, but the croT) from the plot thus treated was much greater than from an untreated plot. HAYES, W. P. (1301) ■1927. OBSERVATIONS ON INSECTS ATTACKING SORGHUMS* Jour. Econ. Ent. 15: 349-356. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 11: 6-7. 1923.] - 297 - The seed corn maggot - Hylemyia cilli crur a Ed. ( Phorbia fusciceps Zett. ) was found seriously damaging planted kafircorn seed in Kansas. One test of repellents with tobacco compounds, using nicotine resinate, tobacco oil, and nicotine sulphate (40- percent) on commercial white corn indicates that they may he of some value. The nicotine sulphate which had a strong odor at the end of the test had not injured germination and repelled the larvae. SMITH, J. 3. (1302) 1907. REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT. IT. J. Agr. Expt. Sta. Sept. for 1906, pp. 515-609, illus. As a remedy against the maggots of the onion fly ( Pegomyia cepetorum) , dust the soil freely with tobacco powder before planting the onions and afterwards every time it rains. The results obtained were variable, but fairly effective (pp. 551-558). TUCKER, E. S. (1303) 1917. RELATION OF THE COMMON ROOT MAGGOT ( PSGOMYIA EUSCICEPS ZETT.) TO CERTAIN CROPS IN LOUISIANA. Jour. Scon. Ent. 10: 397-406. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 5: 492-493. 1917.] In the case of tomato plants, tobacco powder scattered on the beds was a promising method of control, and this material is said to act as a fertilizer as well as being a repellent. SLINGERLAND, M. V. (1304) 1857. THE CABBAGE ROOT MAGGOT WITH NOTES ON THE ONION MAGGOT AND ALLIED INSECTS. N. Y. (Cornell) Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 78, pp. 431- 577, illus. 1894. Tobacco is classified as an ineffective or impracticable method. It is to be applied on or about the plants, and according to a brief review of the literature on the cabbage root maggot ( Phorbia brassicae Bouche), tobacco was used in 1857, 1877, and 1885. The author's own experiments did not convince him of its effectiveness (pp. 550-552). ROSTRUP, S. (1305) 1918. INVESTIGATIONS IN THE LIFE-HISTORY AND THE METHODS OF CON- TROLLING THE CABBAGE FLY, PHORBIA BRASSICAE , IN DENMARK. 128 Beret. Statens F^rs^gsvirksomhed i Plantekultur, Ktf'benhavn, pp. 255-313, illus. [in Danish. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. U) 7: 98. 1919.] Tobacco dust and nicotine spray were not reliable against cabbage flies. 298 BRITTAIN, 7. H. (1306) 1920. ONE YEAB'S EXPERIMENTS IN THE CONTROL 0? THE CABBAGE MAGGOT. Ontario Ent. Soc. Ann. Rept. 50 (1319): 51-63. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Snt. (A) 9: 127. 1921.] 1'Iicotine sulphate with clay, and nicotine with sulphur gave some measure of success against the cabbage maggot . phorbia brassicae but did not seem worthy of further trial. The use of a mixture of 40 percent tobacco dust, 1 percent corrosive sublimate and 59 percent clay produced the largest number of uninfested plants. O'KANE, W. C, CLEVELAND, C. R. , andHADLEY, C H. (1307) 1923. SURFACE TREATMENTS FOR THE CABBAGE MAGGOT. N. H. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bull. 24, 42 PP. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A): 12: 241-242. 1924.] A mixture of tobacco dust and calcium: carbonate, equal parts by weight, gives good results against Phorbia ( Chortophila ) brassicae Bch. when applied to early planted cabbage. A little of the mixture should be placed close around the stem of the plant. The protection afforded to radishes and turnips by this treatment is even more marked* BRITTAIN, W. H. (1308) 1924. REPORT OF THE FROFESSOR OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY AND PROVINCIAL ENTOMOLOGIST. Ann. Rept. Sec. Agr. Nova Scotia 1923, pp. 48-61. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 12: 205. 1924.] A mixture of 99 percent tobacco with 1 percent mercury bichloride was equal to a solution of mercury bichloride 1 - 1280 in controlling Phorbia ( Chortophila ) brassicae . GLASGOW, H., and GLOYER, W. 0. (1309) 1924. THE MERCURIC CHLORIDE TREATMENT FOR CABBAGE MAGGOT CONTROL IN ITS RELATION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF SEED-BED DISEASES. Jour. Econ. Ent. 17: 95-101. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (a) 12: 174. 1924.] The mercury bichloride solution as used in the control of Phorbia (Chortophila) brassicae Bch. (cabbage maggot) holds common diseases of the cabbage seed bed in check. The other two methods in common use for maggot control, the cheesecloth screen and applications of tobacco dust, appear to favor the development of such fungous troubles, especially during wet seasons. BRITTAIN, W. H. (1310) 1927. THE CABBAGE MAGGOT. Bull. Dopt. Nat. Resources Nova Scotia, no. li, 53 pp., illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 16: 279- 280. 1928.] - 299 - A mixture of 99 parts tobacco dust and 1 part mercury bichloride was onp of the best treatments tried ovt-r a oeriod of 4 years for the control of the cabbage maggot ( Phor bia (Hyle myi a) brassicae Ben,). GERA3IM0V, B.' A. . . (1311) 1927. SPRING CONTROL OP THE CABBAGE PLY ( HYL5MYIA BRASSICAE 3CH. ) • • Sad i« Ogorod no. 3, 8 pr>. [in Russian. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. M 16: 416. 1928.] The percentage of infestation of Phorbi a (Hylemyia) brassicae Bch. may be considerably reduced by applying tobacco dust to the soil near the stems of the plants. Applications should be made 2 or 3 times at intervals of 7 - 8 days and renewed after rain. FLUTE, W. P., and COMPTON, c. C (1312) 1925. A .NEW METHOD POR CONTROLLING THE ONION MAGGOT. Jour. Scon. Ent. 18: 111-116. ITicotine dust (2 percent) and sulphur nicotine dust were dusted on onions infested with a fly ( phorbia ceparum) . They were partially effective, but not as efficient as a solution of corrosive sublimate and a bordeaux-oil emulsion. BOTTNER, J. (1313) 1907. GEGEN DIE MALSN AN DEN KOHLWUEZELN. Prakt. Ratgeber Obst. u. Gartenbau 22: 122-123. . Tobacco dust was put around the stems of cabbage and cauliflower to prevent the flies from ovipositing on the plants. It helped some, but was applied too late. SMITH, K. N. , and fADSw"ORTH, J. T. (1314) 1921. THE CARROT AND ONION PLIES. SOKE PRELIMINARY ATTEKFT3 AT THEIR CONTROL. Pruit-Grower, Fruiterer, Florist and Market Gard. [London] 51 (1322): 575-578; (1323): 615-618, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Aopl. (A) 10: 49-50. 1922.] No insecticide gave a very high degree of immunity; 68 percent immunity was obtained by the use of nicotine, 1 oz. in 5 gal. water, applied with a watering can. GLASGOW, H. (1315) 1926. THE CA3BAGE MAGGOT - ITS CONTROL. N. Y. State Hort. Soc. Proc. 71, pp. 16-18. Treatment with tobacco dust is one of three methods recommended. The use of tobacco dust in small plantings should appeal to the grower on account of its safety and the ease with which it may be applied. To insure control in the seed-bed tobacco dust should be applied at the rate of about 1 lb. to 30 or 40 ft. of row. - 300 - JARY, 3. &. (1316) 1929. EXPERIMENTS ON THE CONTROL 0? THE CARROT, ONION, AND CABBAGE ROOT FLIES. Card. [London] 85 (2205): 250-251. [Abstract in Biol. Abs. 6 (11) j 2594, 2595, Entry 25,276. 1932.] Nicotine sulphate with precipitated chalk at 1 to 100 applied 3 times against the carrot fly killed 'only £9.3 percent, while the same mixture at 1 to 12 killed only 43.6 percent of the onion fly treated. • 7. Other Flies, 1912-1954 LUND3LAD, 0., and LINDBLOM, A. ■* (1317) - 1925. THE CELERY PLY, ACIDIA (P HILOPRYLL ) HSRACLEI L. AS A PEST IN SWEDEN. Heddel. Centralanst. Fo'rsoksv. Jordbruksoir.r3.de t [Sweden]. (Ent. Avdel. No. 45) 25 pp., illus. [in Swedish. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 13: 537. 1925.] Spraying with a 1 - 2 per mille solution of nicotine sulphate showed good results as the majority of both the larvae and pupae were killed by it. KORFP, G., and BONING, K. (1315) 1934. CELERY PLIES AND THEIR CONTROL. Prakt. Bl. Pflanzenbau u. Schutz. 11 (11): 261-2G5, illus. [in German. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 22: 229. 1934.] It is reported in Bavaria that the ovipositing females of A cidia heraclci L. and Psila ro sae P. can be repelled by strewing between the plants certain insecticides, including tobacco dust. WEISS, H. B. (1319) ■ 1918. UNUSUAL NURSERY INSECTS. N. J. Dept. Agr. Bur. Statis. and Insp. Circ. 24, 13 po. , illus. [Abstract in Rev. Aopl. Ent. (A) 7: 215-216. 1919.] In regard to the iris leaf miner flies ( Agromyza laterella Zett.), the remedial measures consist in destroying the larvae in their mines by spraying with an 8 percent kerosene emulsion, or with Black Leaf 40 (1 pt. to 100 gal. water), with 5 lb. soap added. The sumac psyllid ( Calophya nirTripennis Riley) is not seriously injurious, but should control be necessary, the application of tobacco extract and soap is suggested. ~ 301 - HUTSON, J. C. • (1320) 1932. REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL DIVISION. Ceylon Admin. Rept. Dir. Agr. 1931, pp. Dill - D121. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 20: 723-724. 1932.] Preliminary tests against the various stages of Agromyza phaseoli Coq. on "beans showed that a tobacco spray applied daily for 10 days -after germination reduces the severity of the attack to such an extent that the plants were able to produce good crops. FINK, D. W. (1321) 1913. THE ASPARAGUS MINER AND THE TWELVE- SPOTTED ASP ARAGUS . BEETLE . N. Y. (Cornell) Agr. Sxpt. Sta. Bull. 331, pp. 411-435, illus. In tests to control the dipterous larvae of the above miner ( Agromyza simplex Lowe) , Black Leaf 40 (1 : 500 and 1 : 700) plus 4 lb. soap was used. The weaker spray had no effect on the larvae, but young larvae just beginning their mines were found killed by the stronger solution (p. 419). HERRICK, G. W. (1322) 1913. THE ASPARAGUS MINER AND THE TWELVE- SPOTTED ASPARAGUS BEETLE. N. Y. (Cornell) Agr. Sxpt. Sta. Bull. 331, pp. 411-435, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 1: 295-296. 1913.] Spraying with tobacco extract (Black Leaf 40) in the proportion of 1 to 500 with an addition of 4 lb. of soap is the best remedy against the larvae of the asparagus miner. DRAKE, C. J., and HARRIS, H. M. (1323) 1932. ASPARAGUS INSECTS IN IOWA. Iowa Agr. Expt. Sta. Circ. 134, 12 pp., illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 20: 464-465. 1932.] For large areas, thorough spraying with 4/5 pt. of 40-percent nicotine sulphate in 50 gal. water containing 2 to 3 lb. dissolved soap is recoKimended against a fly ( Agromyza s implex) which infects asparagus* BONING, K. (1324) 1931. EXPERIMENTS IN COMBATING THE LARVAE OF BIBIO HORTULANUS L. Prakt. Bl. Pflanzenbau u. Schutz 9 (7-8): 145-160. [in German. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 20: 79. 1932.] This insect occurred in abundance in barley fields in Bavaria and severely infested gherkins grown under glass. A contact insecti- cide containing 1 percent tobacco extract and 1 percent soft soap watered on the soil gave good results, and would probably be com- pletely successful at twice that strength. - 302 - HORNIK, A., and N0Lc\ S. (1325) 1931. EXPERIMENTS HI THE CONTROL OF THE LARVAE 0? BIBIO MARCI L. AMD NOTES OH ITS BIOLOGY. Ochr. 'Post. 11 (3-4): 115-120, illus. [Prague]. [in Chechoslovakian. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 20: 204. 1932.] This insect does severe damage to cereals in Czechoslovakia. Of the insecticides tested, 1 and 2 percent sprays of tobacco extract containing 7 percent nicotine sulphate, applied at the rate of about 55 gallons to the acre, killed 42 and 52 percent of the larvae respectively, as compared with a death rate of 6 percent in untreated soil. MOORE, J. B. (1326) 1916. TH3 CATTLSYA FLY. N. J. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 308, 12 pp., illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 6: 326-327. 1918.] Pyre thrum and nicofume were tried as fumigants hut were not strong enough to kill or prevent oviposition by this insect ( I so soma o r chi dearum We s tw« ) . One sheet of nicofume in 600 cubic feet of space did not prevent oviposition, and it is doubtful whether the plants would stand a stronger dose on 180 consecutive nights. Nicotine solution when put into the cavity with the insects is satisfactory, but will not permeate the plant tissues. WIETHE, E. (1327) 1927. LIE CATTLEYA-FLIEGE UND IHRS BEKAMPFUNG. Gartonwelt 31} 624-626, illus. Fumigation with nicotine will kill, no doubt, the flies. ( Eurytoma ( I so soma) orchidearum w*estw.) that have emerged, but the larvae inside their burrows in the orchids are fairly well protected from the fumes. It will therefore be necessary to repeat the fumi- gations every two weeks during the summer, till all evidence of in- festation has vanished (p. 625). SANDERS, J. G. (1328) 1912. A REMEDY FOR CHRYSANTHEMUM LEAF-MINER. Jour. Econ. Ent. 5: 472. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 1: 55. 1913.] Forty percent nicotine sulphate at 1 to 400 killed the eggs, larvae and newly formed pupae of the above leaf miner. The pupae of all ages were killed with a 1 to 200 nicotine solution. The nicotine affected the larvae through- the ' leaf epidermis by osmosis. Several types of lepidopterous and coleopterous leaf miners were killed by the use of nicotine sprays on a small scale, but field tests were not conducted. - 303 - MACDOUGALL, R. S. (1329) 1913, INSECT PESTS III SCOTLAND IN 1912. Highland and Agr. Soc. Scot. Trans. Reprint 17 pp., illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl . Bnt. (A) 1: 387-388. 1913.] Nicotine at 1 to 400 kills larvae and newly formed pupae of the chrysanthemum leaf miner and at 1 to 200 kills pupae of all ages. The American Black Leaf 40, a concentrated solution of nicotine sulphate, is very effective. SANDERS, J. G., and FRACKER, S. B. (1330) 1916. DIVISION of ENTOMOLOGY. Wis. Dept. Agr. Bien. Ropt. for the years 1915-1916, Bull. 10, pp. 30-56. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Bat. (A) 6: 555-556. 1918.] Forty percent nicotine sulphate (1 : 400), with or without whale-oil soap, was a satisfactory control for the chrysanthemum leaf miner ( Phytomyza chrysanthemi Kowartz). WEISS, H. B. (1331) 1916. NOTES ON SOME MISCELLANEOUS ECONOMIC INSECTS POUND IN NSW JERSEY. Canad. Ent. 48 (4): 141-143. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Snt. (A) 4: 259. 1916.] Nicotine spray is a satisfactory remedy for the chrysanthemum fly Phytomyza chrysanthemi Kowarz. Fumigation with nicotine extracts to kill the adults of the chalcid Isosoma orchidearum Westw. is the most efficient method of control. RUHMANN, M. H. (1332) 1926. REPORT OF THE ASSISTANT ENTOMOLOGIST, VERNON. Brit. Columbia Dept. Agr., 20th Ann. Rept. (1925) ,' pa. 33-36. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 15: 69-70. 1927.] The chrysanthemum leaf miner ( phytomyza c hrysanthemi Kow. ) under glass was controlled with nicotine solutions. VASSILISV, E. M. (1333) 1914. THE PRINCIPAL INJURIES TO AND DISEASES OF CHRYSANTHEMUMS. Hort. and Market-Gard. [Kiev] nos. 6-7. Reprint, 8 pp. [in Russian. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 2: 424-425. 1914.] Burning of the leaves attacked, spraying with nicotine in water (1 : 10,000) and the watering of the compost every 14 days with a 5-percent tobacco extract are recommended against flies ( Phytomyza. geniculata Macq. ) whose larvae form mines. Against Adelphocoris lineolatus Goeze (fam. Miridae) , Chi ff lot recommends spraying with 1- percent tobacco extract, accompanied by a dusting of the shoots and buds with sulphur. - 304 - DINGLSR, M. (1334) 1933. CHEMICAL CONTROL 0! THE ASPARAGUS FLY. Anz. Schadlingsk. 9 (1): 1-9, illus. [in German. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 21: 139. 1933.] In laboratory tests with contact dusts against adults of the asparagus fly (P la typo re? p oeciloptera Schr. ) in Germany (l.A.E. , A, 19: 513) , a proprietary one containing nicotine was the most rapid in action. Field tests with this dust are described, and under certain conditions the plants most open to attack were protected. PARROTT, P. J. # _ , (1355) 1914. SUSCEPTIBILITY OF POLLS:.: I A RUSI S TO NICOTINE. Jour. Econ. Ent. 7 (6): 487. A nicotine preparation (90 percent nicotine and 10 percent water) was applied by means of a wad of cotton to the sills at the base of window panes. The nicotine on the sills caused a large mortality of the above cluster flies when the insects alighted upon the moist places. Black Leaf 40 was also effective, but less rapid. WEISMANN, P. (1336) 1934. INVESTIGATIONS ON THE LIFE-HISTORY AND CONTROL OF THE CHEERY FLY, RHAGOLETIS CEPASI L. Landw. Jahrb. Schweiz 48 (3): 281-338, illus. [in German. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (a) 22: 433. 1934.] The most effective bait spray consisted of 1 percent of a proprietary nicotine preparation and 3 percent raw sugar. BOYCE, A. :.:. (1337) 1931. EFFECTIVENESS OF CERTAIN MATERIALS III PRODUCING MORTALITY OF THE WALNUT HUSK FLY, RHAGOLETIS COMPLSTA CRESS. Calif. Dept. Agr. Monthly Bull. 20 (10-11): 682-690, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 20: 175-176. 1932.] The results of tests with a spray of 40 percent nicotine sul- phate (of which a stock solution of 75 cc. to 100 g. sugar and 300 cc. water was applied at the rate of 5 cc. in 95 cc. water) show that its action is very rapid as compared with other materials. .The spray was allowed to dry on the nuts before the flies were placed in the cages. Previous tests indicated that the incorporation of sugar in the mixture prevents the quick volatilization of the nicotine. (1338) 1932. MORTALITY OF RHAGOLETIS COMPLETA CRESS. (DIPTERA; TRYPETIDAE) THROUGH INGESTION OF CERTAIN SOLID MATERIALS. Jour. Econ. Ent. 25 (5): 1053-1059. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 20: 692-693. 1932.] - 305 - Studies in which, various substances, including ground tobacco leaves., were employed, demonstrated that the flies actually take the undissolved particles into the stomach. The nicotine compounds and mixture's tested v/cre relatively slow in their action as stomach poisons. GLASGOW, H. , and GAMBRSLL, F. L. (1239) 1926. TEE CHEERY FRUIT FLY. N. Y. State Agr. Bxpt. Sta. Circ. 87, 10 pp., illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 14: 580. 1926.] Under the name cherry fruit fly the authors include two species Rhagoletis fausta O.S. (dark-bodied fruit fly) and R. c ingulata Lw. (white-banded fruit fly). Properly timed arsenical sprays are the most satisfactory measures though should the first application have been deferred its action may be hastened by the addition of 1 or 1 l/2 pt. nicotine sulphate to 100 gal. of the spray or 2 percent nicotine dust to the standard 90 - 10 sulphur and lead arsenate dust. O'KANE, W. C (1340) 1914. THE APPLE MAGGOT.. N. H. Agr. Bxpt. Sta. Bull. 171, 120 pp., illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 3: 57-59. 1915.] Experiments with applications to the soil of kerosene emulsion, Black Leaf 40, Cliffs Insecticide, commercial lime-sulphur, and Phinotas oil failed to produce satisfactory results against the apple maggot or railrod worm ( Rhagoletis -pomonella) . L. EYMEHOPTERA, 1898-1934 1. Apple-Sawfly. 1929-1934 PETEERBRIDGE, F. R. , and TUMINGTON, F. (1341) 1929. THE CONTROL OF APPLE SAWFLY. Jour. Kin. Agr. 35 (11): 1055- 1059. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 17: 255. 1929.] The article records experiments with a spray consisting of 4 oz. nicotine (95-98 percent), 4 lb. soft soap and 40 imperial gal. water against Hoplocampa testudinea Klug. (apple sawfly) . Spraying should be begun as soon as the petals fall, and the second spraying should follow 7 to 10 days later. Where the water is hard more soft .soap may be needed, or where it is too hard to use soft soap some other spreader such as Agral I (R.A.E.A. 16: 585) or casein-soda should be substituted. If nicotine is added to a fungicide the results are often disappointing as the amount of spray applied as a fungicide is so very much less than that applied as a contact spray. - 306 - AUSTIN, M. D., JASY, S. G. , and MARTIN, H. (1342) 1932. SOME NSW INSECTICIDES AND POSSIBLE INSECTICID3-FUNGICIDE COMBINATIONS. Hort. Ed. Assoc. Yearbook 1: 85-92. Wye, Kent, So. East, Agr. Col. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 21: 90. 1933.] In laboratory tests against the hop-damson aphid ( Fhorodon hunruli 5chr.) t anabasine had an insecticidal action equal to or better than that of nicotine .at the same weight .concentration. Two proprietary nicotine preparations were found to be sufficiently effective to warrant field trials. Tests against Eopiocampa testudinea 10. ug. on apple in the field were made with 8 oz. nicotine in 100 gal. bordeaux (4:6:100) containing 6 pt. cottonseed oil in comparison with nicotine-soap. In all cases they effected a marked reduction in the number of attacked fruitlets. KEARN3, K. G. E. , and SWAEBRICK, T. (1543) 1932. SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE CONTROL OP THE APPLE SA7.TLY HOPLOCAMP A TESTUDINEA (KLUG). Bristol Agr. Hort. Res. Sta. Rept. 1931, pp. 112-117. [Abstract .in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 20: 550-551. 1932.] Preliminary tests showed that satisfactory control of the larvae before they enter the fruit can be obtained with a spray of 8 fl. oz. nicotine (98 percent), 2.5 lb. Agral I (which equals 0.25 percent solution), and 100 gal. water. MILES, H. W. (1344) 1932. ON THE BIOLOGY OP THE APPLE SAWPLY , HOPLOCAMPA TESTUDINEA KLUG. Ann. Appl. Biol. 19 (3): 420-431, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 20: 579-580. .1932.] The results obtained by other workers (R.A.E. A. 12: 505; 17: 255) in attempts to control this insect by sprays of lead arsenate or soap and nicotine are discussed. KEARN3, H. G. H. , HARSH, R. W. , and PSARCE, T. J. P. (1345) 1933. EXPERIMENTS WITH COMBINED INSECTICIDS-PUNGICIDE SPRAYS POR APPLES. PROGRESS REPORT. Bristol Agr. Hort. Res. Sta. Ann. Rept. 1932, p^. 66-85. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 31: 556-557. 1933.] A mixed wash containing 1.5 gal. emulsified oil, 1.5 gal. lime- sulphur, 3 oz. nicotine, 2 lb. calcium arsenate, and 3 lb. lime in 100 gal. caused some defoliation, which was serious on 3 varieties. A preliminary trial was carried out with a spray, designed to combine the post-blossom scab spray with the nicotine application against the sawfly ( Eoploc.TTPa testudine a Klug.), containing 1.5 gal. lime-sulphur and 3 oz. nicotine in 100 gal. water, with either 2.5 lb. Agral I or 1 lb. of a proprietary wetting agent, both of which are more effective than soap and are compatible with lime-sulphur. No spray damage oc- curred. The percentage of apples infested by the sawfly were 80 on unsprayed trees and 4 6 and 35 on the sprayed ones. - as? - KEARNS, H. G. H., and SWARBRICK, T. (1346) 1933. FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE CONTROL OF TEE APPLE SAWFLY, HOFLO CAI ff A TES TUP I1JBA (KLUG). Bristol Agr. Hort. Res. Sta. Ann. Rept. 1932, pp. 90-94. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 21} 557. 1933.] Nicotine washes similar to those used the previous year reduced the infestation to 10.6 percent, even when applied as late as 12 days after petal fall. The greater effectiveness of the nicotine wash and derris-cil emulsion was due to the fact that they were toxic to larvae in surface burrows as well as to exposed or (in the case of lead arsenate) to feeding larvae. MILES, H. W. (1347) 1933. DUSTING FOR THE CONTROL OF APPLE SAWFLY: A PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENT-. Jour. Kin. Agr. 29 (12): 1125-1128, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (a) 21: 212-213. 1935.] Good control has been obtained with nicotine sprays accurately timed by the flowering of the apples to kill the newly hatched larvae (R.A.E., A, 17: 255; 20: 550), but in plantations of mixed varieties, in which the female sawflies ( Hoplocampa testudinea Klug.) have been found to be present for about 2 weeks, the flowering period varies. MOORS, M. H. (1348) 1933. SOME INCIDENTAL EFFECTS OF ROUTINE SCAB-SPRAYS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO APPLE FRUIT SAWFLY- CONTROL - A SIDELIGHT ON THE INTERPRETATION OF FIELD SPRAYING EXPERIMENTS . East Mailing Res. Sta. Rept. 1932, pp. 90-98. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 22: 52-53. 1934.] A spray of 8 oz. nicotine and" 8 lb. soft soap to 100 gal. applied before blossoming against capsids probably accounted for the scarcity of the sawfly Hoplocanroa testudinea Klug. on all trees despite a heavy crop. KEARNS, H. G. H. ■ ' (1349) 1934. CONTROL OF APPLE SAWFLY. Fruit Grower, 1933. 4 pp. [London]. CONTROL OF THE APPLE SAWFLY ( HOPLOCAMPA TESTUDINEA ) . Hertfordshire Co. Agr. Quart. Jour., 6 pp. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 22: 425-426. 1934.] Three double and one single spray method are recommended, the basis of the formula (cf R.A.E. , A. 21: 557) being 8 or. nicotine (98-percent), l/2 lb. Lethalate wetting preparation or 2.5 lb. Agral I or equivalent wetter, and 100 gal. water. ^"308 ~ STEER, -;. (1350) 1934. NICOTINE SFRAY FOR THE APPLE SAWFLY. Nature 133 (3360): 453. March 24. It was found that the egg of this sawfly ( Hoolocampa testudinea Klug.) can "be killed "by means of a spray containing 0. C5 percent nicotine and 0*5 percent commercial soft soap. 2. Other Sawflies, 1898-1934 BOGDANOV-KAT'KOV, N. N. (1351) 1932. REVISION OF HYMENOPTERA INJURIOUS TO CULINARY PLANTS. Bull. Leningrad Inst. Control. Fm. For. Pests, No. 3, pp. 149-195, illus. [in Russian. . Abstract in Rev. Appl. Znt. (A) 21: 120-121. 1933.] Nicotine dusts and sprays may be used against the larvae of sawflies (A metasteg ia equiseti Fall.) on edible sorrel. WEBSTER, R. L. (1352) 1912. THE PEAR-SLUG (CALIROA CEPASI LINN.)- Iowa Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 130, pp. 166-192, illus. Black Leaf 40 (1 : 1,000) killed 92.2 percent of the young slugs, but later it killed only 32 percent of the nearly mature sawfly slugs (p. 173). WILSON, H. F. (1353) 1913. INSECT PESTS IN OREGON. Ore. Agr. Expt. Sta. Dept, Ent. Rept. Bien. Crop Pest and Hort. Rept., pp. 81-121. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 1: 130-131. 1913.] Of four remedies tried against the cherry and pear slug ( Caliroa cerasi L. ) , white hellebore gave by far the most satisfactory results. Black Leaf 40 gave practically the came results and did not injure the foliage, but it is more expensive than the hellebore. CROSBY, C. R., and LEONARD, M. D. (1354) 1922. INSECTS THAT HUNT THE ROSE. Amer. Rose Ann., Amor. Rose Soc. pp. 89-100, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A)- 10: 316-317. 1922.] The sawflies Endelomyia rosae Harr. (American rose slug), Cladium oectinicornis Fourc. (bristly, rose slug) and Emphytus cinctus L. (coiled rose slug) are controlled by the application of 2 lb. lead arsenate in 50 gal. water of bordeaux mixture, hellebore spray or dust, and Black Leaf 40. - 309 - OBARSKT, J. (1355) 1931. A PES? OF ROSES AND STRAWBEE3IES , CLAD IUS PSOTDIICOHNIS GEOFFR. (TENTHHEDINIDAE, HYMENOFTERA) . Choroly Roslin [Warsaw] 1 (3-4) : 10 pp. j illus. [in Polish with a summary in German. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 20: 344. 1932.] Young larvae may be controlled with a spray cf 30 percent nicotine sulphate (1 to 200), and older ones with a spray of 1 to 1.25 lb. paris green and 2 to 2.5 lb. lime to 150 gal. water. ELUITEE, H. J. BE (1356) 1934. ON THE TIME WHEN THE PIKE SAWFLY ( DIP HI ON PINT L. ) SHOULD HE COMBATTED. Ncderland. Boschbouwk. Tijdschr. 7 (3): 70-81, illus. [in Dutch. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 22: 338-339. 1934.] The larvae are gregarious, and during the first fortnight they feed very little. Nicotine, or preferably an arsenical, should be applied at this period. ROMANOVS KY-ROMANEO, V. (1357) 1914. THE IMPORTANCE OF TOBACCO DUST IN FRUIT-GROWING- AND MARKET- GARDENING. Agr. Gaz. 35 (48): 1162-1163. [in Russian. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 3: 20. 1915.] Attention is called to the enormous quantities of tobacco dust obtained yearly in the tobacco industry. Tobacco dust was used suc- cessfully against Eriocampa adumbrata on young cherry trees. MIDDLETON, W. . (1358) 1922. SAWFLIES INJURIOUS TO ROSE FOLIAGE. U. S. Dept. Agr. Farmers' Bull. 1252, 14pp., illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 10: 405. 1922.] Nicotine sulphate (40-percent) at 1 to 800 with the addition of some fish oil or laundry soap is effective against the larvae of the tenthredinids, Cladius isomerus Norton (bristly rose slug), Sriocanvpoides ( Caliroa ) aethiops F. (European rose slug), and Emphytus cinctipes Norton (coiled rose worm), and also against aphids. GARDNER, A. K. '(1359) 1913. REPORT OF THE STATE HORTICULTURIST. Maine Commr. Agr. 12th Ann. Rept. 1913, pp. 46-102. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 2: 709-710. 1914.] 31C In controlling the pear slug ( Sriocampoides cerasi ) hellebore and Black Leaf 40 have. proved the most efficient. The "best spray mixture at present in use against the green apple aphid is Black LeSf 40, combined with sufficient soap to render it adhesive. Cloudy days, when the humidity is high, and late afternoons are the best times for application, as rapid evaporation has a tendency to reduce the effectiveness of any contact spray. When properly applied tobacco-stem decoction and even Ivory soap have produced good results . SEVERIN, H- Ci .(1360) 1918. THE FEAR, CHERRY OR PLUM SLUG. S- Dak. State Ent. Circ. 27, 6 pp., illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 11: 54. 192?.] The larvae of sawfly ( Eriocamocides limacina Retz.) may be destroyed by spraying with 1 pt. of 4C percent nicotine sulphate, 1 1/2 lb. of soap and 50 gal. of water. FULMEK, L. (1361) 1920. DIE KIR3CHBLATTT/E3PE ( CALIROA CERASI L.) Mitt. Pflanz ens chut z- station. 4 pp., illus. [Abstract in Rev. Apol. Ent. (A) 8: 261-262. 1920.] A spray that proved effective against Sriocampoides limacina L. ( Caliroa cerasi L. ) consists of 10 lb. tobacco extract, l/2 gal. petroleum, 1/4 gal. demilysol, and 100 gal. water. DELIA BEFEA, G. (1362) 1921. THE PEAR SLUG, SRIOCAMPOIDES LIMACINA . R. Osserv. Fitopat. [Turin] Foglio d'Istruzione 14, 3 pp., illus. [in Italian. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (a) 9: 473. 1921.] If serious loss is threatened by Sriocampoides ( Tcnthredo ) l imacina, dusting with quicklime, sulphur, or tobacco should be employed. A lead arsenate or nicotine spray may also be used. FRIEND, R. 3. (1363) 1931. THE LIFE HISTORY AMD CONTROL OF THE BIRCH LEAF-MINING SAWFLY ( FENUSA PUMILA KLUG.) Jour. Econ. Ent. 24: 171-177. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 19: 349-350. 1931.] It is difficult to kill the larvae within the leaves, but applications Of nicotine sulphate either with or without soap in concentrations as low as 1 to 1,500 in water have killed between and 100 percent of the eggs. The nicotine sulphate contained 40 percent nicotine and the soap contained 9.25 percent moisture and 62.39 percent soap, much of the remainder being sodium silicate. - 311 - FRIEND, R. B. (1364) 1933. THE BIRCH LEAF-MINING SAWFLY, FENUSA PU.ilLA KLU>. Conn. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 348, pp. 291-364, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 21: 416-417. 1933.] The eggs may be killed by nicotine sulphate and water (1:1,000) applied to both surfaces of the leaves twice at weekly intervals beginning about May 25 against the first generation and three times at similar intervals beginning about July 3 against the second (R.A.E., A., 19: 349). NOUGARET, R. L., DAVIDSON, W. M. , and NEWCOMER, E. J. (1365) 1916. THE PEAR LEAF-TORT;:. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 438, 23 pp., illus. [Abstract in Rev. Apppl. Ent. (A) 5: 122-123. 1917.] The best control against this insect, the pear sawfly ( G-ymnonychus californicus Marl.) is a poison spray of 4 lb. lead arsenate to 100 gal. of water and a contact spr.^y of fish oil soap 4 lb., water 100 gal., and nicotine sulphate (40-percent) 1:1,200 applied when the larvae are about half grown. ANONYMOUS (1366) 1915. THE PRINCIPAL QUERIES RECEIVED AT THE CENTRAL PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL CTJIT ION DURING 1914. Diseases of Plants 9 (1-2): 44-66. [in Russian. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 4: 23-24. 1916.] For pear trees infested with Hoplocampa b rev is Klug spraying the buds with a solution of 2 lb. of soft soap, 1/2 lb. crude- carbolic acid, and 6 lb. tobacco extract in from 40 to 45 gal. water is recomrn ended. For fig trees attacked by Phopalosiphum dir nthi Schr. spraying with a solution of 1 lb. tobacco extract in 3 - 4 l/2 gnl. water is recommended. FOSTER, S. W. (1367) 1913. THE CHERRY FRUIT SAWFLY. U. 3. Dept. Agr. Eur. Ent. Bull. 116, pt. 3, pp. 73-79. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (a) 1: 178. 1913.] In the Rogue River Valley, Oregon, spraying with lead arsenate proved satisfactory in controlling Hoplocampa cookei Clarke. A spray of nicotine sulphate 1 to 2,000 with 3 percent distillate oil emulsion applied in the early morning was also effective. ESSIG, E. 0. (1368) 1914. THE CHERRY FRUIT SAWFLY. Calif. State Comn. Hort. Monthly Bull. 3 (1): 31-35, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 2: 244. 1914.] A 3 percent distillate-oil emulsion to which has been added nicotine sulphate at the rate of 1 to 2,000 has also been suggested for the control of Hoplocampa cookei (cherry fruit sawfly.). - 312 - DURUZ, W. P. ' (1369) . 1922. THE CHEERY FRUIT SAWFLY AND ITS CONTROL. Calif. Dept. Agr. •Monthly Bull. 11 (4): 393-399, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 10: 356. 1922. ] • ■ Of the various sprays tested against Hoplocampa cookei Clarke, nicotine sulphate in combination with either lime-sulplrar or a miscible oil proved the most effective. PETHERBRIDGE, F. R. , THOMAS, I., and HEY, G. L. (1370) 1933. Oil THE BIOLOGY OF THE PLUM SAWFLY HOPLOCAMPA FLAVA L. , WITH NOTES OH CONTROL EXPERIMENTS. Ann. Appl. Biol. 20 (3): 429-433, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. "(A) 21: 5 60-561. 1933.] A spray of 4 lb. soft soap and 4 oz. nicotine in 10 gal. water was applied to plum trees. Some of the sprayed trees showed 2.4 percent damaged fruit and others, 1.8 percent, as against 11.3 percent on the unsprayed trees. SPRENGEL, L. (1371) 1928. THE LIFE-HISTORY OF THE PLUM SAWFLY AND EXPERIMENTS IN ITS CONTROL. Obst- u. Gemusebau, reprint, 2 pp., illus. [in German. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. U) 17: 333-334. 1929.] A second spray of either an arsenical or nicotine gave satis- factory results against the larvae of this sawfly ( Hoplocamra fulvi- cornis Panz. ) . BIRD, R. D. (1372) 1926. THE LIFE HISTORY OF THE SASKATOON SAWFLY ( HOPLOCAKPA HALCYON NORTON). Sci. Agr. 6 (10): 353-357. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 14: 389. 1926.] The fruit of saskatoon, Amelancfaier s vucata , is severely injured by the larvae of the sawfly Ho;cIocanma halcyon Nort. Adults could probably be killed by a contact spray of nicotine and oil emulsion in early morning. SPRENGEL s L. (1373) 1930. THE PLUM SAWFLIES (HOPL OCAMPA MINUTA CHRIST AND H. FLAVA L. ) Ztschr. Angew. Ent. 16 (1): 1-85, illus. [in (Jeiman. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 18: 436. 1930.] The best control measure appears to be spraying the yoang fruits with arsenicals. The effect of the spray is increased by the addition of nicotine. - 313 - FEYTAUD, J. (1374) 1924. LSS HAFLOCAHPES OU YSRS COEDONNIEES DANS LB SUD-OUE3T DE LA FRANCS. Rev. Zool. Agr. et Appl. 23 (2): 29-44, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 12: 375. 1924.] Nicotine repels sawflies and oviposition is interrupted. For this purpose. a spray of copper or 1 ime- sulphur with nicotine or oven a simple .nicotine solution (0.15 percent) with soft soap (1.5 percent) should "be applied at the beginning of blossoming and repeated 10 or 12 days later. SWAINE, J. M. (1375) 1917. SOME FEATURES OF INTEREST IN CONNECTION WITH OUR STUDIES OF FOREST AND SHADE. TREE INSECTS. Ontario Ent. Soc. 47th Ann. Rept. for 1916, pp. 95-106, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 5: 550-551. 1917.] As regards the imported alder leaf min^ r or sawfly Eal io sy suhinf;a dohrni , a good spray is Black Leaf 40, 1 part to 100 gal. water, with 5 lb. soap; this killed all the larvae in the foliage sprayed. HERRICK, 0. W. (1376) 1912. NOTES ON THREE SHADS TREE PE32S. Jour. Scon. Ent. 5: 169-172- Black Leaf 40 (l to 800 of soap solution) apparently killed within a short time every larva sprayed of the elm sawfly leaf miner ( Ka.lios.,-s'ohin : -\ , a ulmi ) . DANIEL, D. M. (1577) 1923. BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF THE BLACKBERRY LEAF-MINER. N. Y. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bull. 132, 38 pp., illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 16: 460-461. 1928.] Nicotine sulphate (1:400) killed only lc percent of the larvae of Metallus rubi Forbes in the mines and was ineffective against the eggs and the adults. MIDDLETON, W. (1378) 1921. LECONTSS SAWFLY, AN ENEMY OF YOUNG PINES. Jour. Agr. Res. 20 (10):74l~760, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 9: 266-267. 1921.] For young larvae of Neodiprion lecontei Fitch, less than 3/8 inch long, nicotine sulphate is fairly satisfactory; but lend arsenate, 2 lb. powder in 50 gal. water, is preferable. - 314 - : AILLCT, A. (1379) 1922. 37?. UN PARASITE NOUVEAU DES PLANTATIONS j)E PECHERS BANS LA VALLEE DU RHONE. Prog. Agr. et Vitic. 77 (3): 69-71. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 10: 141. 1932.] Nicotine or quassia are advocated against the sawfly Neuro toma nemoralis attacking peach orchards in the Rhone Valley. The formula used, was 1-1/3 gal. nicotine (at 1 l"b. to the gal.), 20 lb. soft soap, and 100 gal. water. The first spray should he applied as soon as the first larvae appear. (138C) 1922. LA FAUSSE CHENILLE DU PECKER. Rev. Hort Algerie 26 (6): 110-112. [Abstract in Rev.. Appl. Ent. (A) 10: 537. 1932.] The only treatment found to be effective against the sawfly, Neuro toma (Lyda) nemoralis was spraying with nicotine or quassia. Nicotine spray is prepared by dissolving 20 lb. black soap in 10 or 12 gal. of boi'Jmg w; t r, cooling, and adding 1 1/2 gal. nicotine (10 percent) or 1/5 of that quantity titrated at about 50 percent, and the whole brought to 100 gal. This should be applied whenovi- position is noticed, care being taken to wet the lower surface of the leaves. PASS, H. , and STAEHBLIN, H. (1331) 1923. UN DANGEREUX PARASITE DE L'A3RIC0TIER EN VALAIS, LA LYDA HEHORAL IS. Ann. Agr. Suisse 24 (2): 107-111. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 11: 529. 1923.] The sawfly Neuro toma (Lyda) nemorali s is a serious pest of apricots in Valais. Contact insecticides are loss dangerous than arsenicals and should be applied as soon as all the larvae have emerged. Pormulae recommended are 2 percent soft soap with the addition of titrated nicotine or concentrated tobacco extract (1 percent or 1 part pyre thrum- soap to 10 of water. MARCKAL, P. (1382) 1924. - f TRAVAUX EFFECTUES DAI'S LES STATIONS D 'EKl'OMOLOCrlE ET DE PATHOLOGIE VE5ETALE EN 1923. Ann. Sci. Agron. France et Etr:ing. 41 (3): 167-194. Against Lyda nemoralis on peach trees in Prance a nicotine- bordeaux mixture is recommended. In 1923 Paillot fixed the conditions of application of this mixture and of lend arsenate as the only treatments which deal effectively with it (p. 170). - 315 - PAILLOT, A. (1383) 1924. METHODS DE LUI'lS, C0: r TR3 N3UR0T0MA NSMORALIS . Ann. Epiphyties [Paris] 10 (4): 215-237, illus. Perch trees were sprayed with a solution, consisting of 150 g. pure nicotine, 2 "kg, "black soap, and 100 1. water, on May 14, 1921, with the result that the appearance of the trees was much "better than those not treated. It was found that the nicotine treatment does not check the development of the embryo in the eggs, but kills it during its last stage, shortly before hatching (pp. 217-218). A single experiment was made in 1921 on a row of peach trees in France by dusting with lime treated with nicotine. The result obtained does not warrant recommending this treatment for the control of ITeurotoma on peaches (p. 219). PSIR50N, H. 3. (1384) 1929. OBSERVATIONS 01: THE BIECH LEA? MINI!© SA7TLY. Jour. Scon. Ent. 22 (3); 588-594. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (a) 17; 555. 1929.] Nicotine sulphate 1 to 400 plus 1 ounce dissolved laundry soap per gal. of spray killed 98 percent of the birch leaf-mining sawflies ( Phyllotoma nemo rata Pall. = Phl e batrophia mathes oni (MacGr. ) on white birch and IOC percent on gray birch, untreated trees showing only 2 percent mortality. BROTHER, A. S. (1385) 1933. CONTROL OF THE BIRCH LEAE-MINING SAWELY. Jour. Scon. Ent. 2 5 (3): 732. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 21: 476. 1933.] Four years of vork in the control of Fh.yllotom a nemor t a Fall, has shown that 100 percent mortality can be obtained by the application of nicotine sulphate (1:800) with soap or penetrol. In the field a dilution of 1 to 1,000 killed 99 to 100 percent and one of 1 to 1,500, 98 to 100 percent, but these weaker dilutions have, not been tested with power outfits on large birch trees. An application has also given satisfactory control of jucculatrjx canadensisella Chamb. PARROTT, P. J., and FULTON, 3. 3. (1586) 1915. CHERRY AND HAWTHORN SAWELY LEAP-MINER. Jour. Agr. Res. 5: 519- 528, illus. [Abstract in R e v. Appl. Ent. (A) 4: 98-99. 1916.] Decorative hawthorns should be protected against Profe nusa collar! s by spraying with nicotine solution, I pt nicotine (40- percent) to 100 gal. water, to which are added 4 lb. soap. The liquid should be applied when the insects first begin to mine the leaves. - 316 - ANONYMOUS (1387) 1917. na asssssKBLAK'/BS?, ptjsonus. rjbjsii, sec?, (itzmatus vsutricosus LATH.) Inst, v. Phytopat., Vlugschr. No. I 7 , May, 6 pp. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Snt. (A) 5: 441. 1917.] Tobacco may "be used for dusting bushes fc r combating the currant and gooseberry sawfly Pteronus ribesi i Seep. STELLWAAG, E. (1388) 1921. SPRING TREATMENT AGAINST SOME IMPORTANT ANIMAL PESTS OP PPUIT TREES AND BUSHES. Flugschr. Staatl. Lehr- u. Versuchsanst. 7'ein- u. Obstbau in Neustadt a.d. H. , 2 np. [in G-erman. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 10: 19. 1922.] Aphids should be sprayed from below with nicotine. The larvae of the sawfly ( Pteronus ribesii) should be sprayed with nicotine and soft soap, Zabulon, or urania green. BAUNACKE (1389) 1925. A SERIOUS ENEMY OF GOOSEBERRY AND CURRANT BUSHES. Kranke Pflanze 2 (5): 95-97. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 13: 601-602. 1925.] A suitable spray for the control of the gooseberry sawfly Pteronus (iTer/.atus) xibesii Scop, is a 2-percent solution of tobacco extract, applied after the berries have been picked. PASSY, P. (1390) 1898. VER LIMACE DU POIRLER. Rev. Hort. 70: 460-461, illus. '"• cotine, diluted in 15 to 30 times its volume with water, is effective against the very sensitive larvae of r " nthredo adunbrata L. on pear trees. EARUKAWA, C (13 91) 1925. STUDIES ON THE RUSH SAWFLY, TOMOSTETHUS JUI'CIVORUS ROHKSR. Ber. Ohara Inst. Landw. Forsch. 2 (5): 5.31-545, illus. [in G-erman. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Snt. (A) 14: 3-4. 1926.] One of the most successful measures against the larvae was 1 part by weight tobacco dust plus 20 parts wood ash. - 317 - 3 . Ants, 1908-1935 . bREffiK, J. (1392) 1920. THE LEAF-CUTTING ANT III PANAMA. Rev. LaSalle, Panama, July- August, reprints, 8 pp. , illus. [In Spanish. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 10: 25-26. 1922.] As control measures against this ant (Att-i cep haloto s) , those advised are the use of repellents, such as nicotine sulphate, or mercury hi chloride, the poisoning of the fungus, cultivated in the nests, the collection and destruction of the females, and fumigation of the nests. REYNE, A. (1393) 1919. SOKE REMARKS Oh COMBATING INSECTS INJURIOUS TO LIBERIA!! COFFEE. Dept. Landb. in Suriname, [Paramaribo] Bull. 37, 18 pp. [in Dutch.. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Bnt. (A) 8: 536-537, 1920.] A spray mixture containing nicotine sulphate was used against ants ( Do 1 i cho de rus b i de n s ) , but it was not as effective as were two o ther mixtures . BARBER, E. R. (1394) 1916. THE ARGENTINE ANT; DISTRIBUTION AND CONTROL IN THE UNITED STATES. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 377, 2Z pp. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Snt. (A) 4: 473-474. 1916.] Nicotine sulphate prolongs the effectiveness of the adhesive in bands used around trees, beehive stands, etc., as a protection against the Argentine ant ( I r i do my rum ex hum i 1 i s M ay r ) . COOK, M. T., and HORNE, W. T. . (1395) 1908. INSECTS AND DISEASES 0? THE ORANGE. Cab- Estac. Cent. Agron. Bull. 9 (English Ed. ) , 40 pp., illus. As a remedy against the fire ant ( Solenopsis geminata Tab.) on orange trees in Cuba, the following formula, has been used: 1 part tobacco tea, 1 part sal soda, and 2 parts resin. This is a good in- secticide and, if used several times, will probably be very effective (p. 10). W00DW0RTH, H. E. (1396) 1920. DAMAGE TO NURSERY PLANTS BY THE EIRE ANT ( SOLENOPSIS GEMINATA, SUBS P. MANIOSA WHEELER) . Calif. Dept. Agr. Monthly Bull. 9 (3): 87-88, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Eat. (:.) 3: 239-240. 1920.] Besides fumigation with carbon bisulphide and potassium cyanide, a solution of Black Leaf 40 is also very effective. - 318 - MCCOLLOCH, J. :.:., and HAYES, 71. P. (1397) LTJiTxm _epohe c:: 1:1: liee scolomi )E scizitopsis idlesta SAY. Jour. Scon. Ent. 9: 23-33, illus. Black Leaf 4G was tried in a large number of germination tests and in no case did it injure tne germination of the kafir seed corn which was dipped in it. Tne treated se^d seei ed to be repellent to the above ant (p. 37). UPKOF, J. C. T. (1398) 1910. NIKOTIl^SCHWEFELPULVEK GE&SN AMEISEN. Holler's Deut. Gart. Ztg. 25: 230-231. Against ants in greenhouses or dwellings use tobacco dust mixed with flowers of sulphur. Dust this mixture in the passages and especially in the nests of the ants. This kills then. ANONYMOUS (1399) 1916. THE CONTBOL OP :gSTS OF FOEESCS IN T:i3 FORESTRIES OF THE GOVERN- MENT OF TAMBOV IN 1915. Forest Life and Eccr;, 5 (2): 3-12. [in Russian. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 4: 197. 1916.] In one forest, ants were controlled by spraying with tobacco extract. LINDBLOM, A. (1400) 1933. EXPERIMENTS IN THE CONTROL OF ANTS. Meddel. Statens Vaxtskyddsanst. no. 1, 15 pp., illus. [In Swedish. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 21: 498. 1933.] An account is given of the various measures employed against ants in Sweden. Tests with various deterrents and with solutions of nicotine and of soft soap used as contact poisons were unsuccessful. 4. Eres, 1910-1933 BOURNE, A. I. (1401) 1927. ^IZ POISONING OF HONEY BEES 3Y ORCHARD SPRAYS. Mass. Agr. Zxpt. Sta. Bull. 234, pp. 7^-84. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 16: 362. 1923.] Laboratory tests showed that while bees are strongly repelled by a so ray containing 1 l/2 lb. lead arsenate to 50 gal. water containing lime-sulphur 1 to 40 and nicotine sulphate 1 to 1,000, this mixture is nevertheless highly toxic to those that feed on it and very rapid in its action. Any mixture containing nicotine sulphate appeared to exercise a strong repellent action which, howev r, persisted longer in the laboratory than in the field tests. - 319 - STUBINGER, H. (1402) 1928. ON THE ACTION. OP VARIOUS INSECTICIDES ' LOWEI ANIMALS. Anz. Schadlingsk. 4 (9-10): 116-119, 130-124. [in 3 . Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 17: 59-60. 1929.] Tests on honeybees v. ere made to ascertain the general effect of the chief insecticides. The approximate lethal doses required for 1,000 g, weight of bees, calculated on fehi amount required for one bee, were: Arsenic, 5 mg. , in about 1 l/2 to 3 hours; hydrocyanic acid, 0.15 mg. , in about 20 hours; nicotine, 0.3 mg.; sodium fluoride, 0.15 mg., in about 20 hours; lead acetate or lead nitrate, 750 mg. in 1 to 5 days. GINSBURG, J. M. (1403) 1929. INSECTICIDE INVESTIGATIONS. N. J. Agr. Expt. Sta. Rept. Dept. Ent. for 1923, pp. 158-163. In preliminary tests honey, containing tobacco dust, nicotine oleate, benzoyl-nicotine, tin-nicotine, and iron-nicotine, was fed to honeybees. In regard to toxicity, not one of these was equal to arsenious oxide, (1404) 1931. THE USE OF CERTAIN HIGHLY PENETRATING PINE OIL DERIVATIVES AS ADJUNCTS IN CONTACT INSECTICIDES. N. J. Agr. Expt. Sta. Rept. 1929-1930, pa. 167-163. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Snt. (A) 20: 83-84. 1932.] Preliminary tests with honeybees and aphid s indicate that when pine oil distillates having a "boiling range of from 170 to 270° C. , and similar distillates, are mixed in either nicotine or pyre thrum sprays in a concentration of 0.25 percent or higher, the toxicity of the con- tact insecticide is increased to an extent similar to that obtained with 0.5 percent of soap. BRITTAIN, W. H. (1405) 1933. APPLE POLLINATION STUDIES IN THE ANNAPOLIS VALLEY, N. S., CANADA 1928-1952. Canada Dept. Agr. Bull. 162, 198pp., illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 22: 35-36. 1934.] Clear evidence of repulsion of honeybees by copper sulphate, line- sulphur and nicotine has been obtained experimentally, but under orchard conditions it appears to be temporary and does not prevent serious loss by arsenic spraying. No clear cases of poisoning by nicotine were obtained under field conditions. Less mortality resulted from sprays and dust con- taining nicotine in ad Lition to the arsenical. - -320 - LUDEEWALDT, H. (1406) 1910. ZUI BI0L0GIE 3:~~IIE 3^'. ?iI:a: t ISC: t JR BIBK ':. Z'tschr. ;7is3. Inse] t nbiol. 6: 297-298. The Brazilian bee ( Pasiphae iheringi Schrottky) dies quickly when tobacco smoke is blown on it. AH of those caught by the author were killed immediately by blowing cigarette smoke into the hollow hand in which he held them (p. 238). M. COLEOFTEBA, 1894-1934 1. Flea Beetles, 1903-19 34 DIEULEVSUT . . (1407) 1903. DESTRUCTION DS L'ALTISS. Rev. Hort. 75: 275. Against flea beetles on- turnips the following spray mixture was effective: l/2 1. nicotine, 1 kg. black soap. l/3 1. Kerosene, and 30 1. water. GRUVEL, A- (1403) 1905. LA DEFENSE C0NEKE L'ALTISS. Bull. Soc. Etude et Vulg. Zool. Agr. 4 (3): 73-76. Against flea beetles on grape vines nicotine spray solutions were found effective as an insecticide and as a repellent. GRANGER, A. (1409) 1906. LES INSEOTES EUISIBLES A L 'AGRICULTURE. Bull. Soc. Etudes et Vulg. Zool. Agr. 5 (6): 164-165. A 1-percent nicotine solution is recommended against flea beetles ( Altica oleracea ) on garden vegetables in France. LAFFORGUE, G. (1410 ) 1312. LA LUTTE C01TTRE L'ALTISE. Prog. Agr. et Vitic. 58:: 636-692. Against flea beetles on vegetables the fallowing two spray mixtures are recommended in France: 133 g. nicotine solution (4- percent) and 97 1, bordeaux mixture; and (2) 133 g. nicotine (10- percent and ICO 1. bordeaux. &UENAUX, G. (1411) 1913. POUR LUTTSR OONTHE L'ALTISS. Vie Agr. et Rural e 2 (11): 309. - 321-- The remedy against flea "beetles is to spray in the spring, preceded ; &estroyin< all rubbish. Work s; : -ally by spraying 15 rows skip the next 5. ?• r beetles wj concentrate on the 5 not treated, v re the; y be finally destroyed. The bordeaux-nicotine mixture used consists of 2 percent .copper sulphate, 1.33 1. titrated nicotine, and 100 1 water. S., W. . . (1412) 1914. THE PROTECTION OF TRANSPLANTED . CABBAGE Z30M PLEA-BEETLES. Rolnik i Hodowca. [Agriculturist and Stockbreeder] No. 21, p. 250. [in Polish? Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 3: 394. 1915.] Against flea beetles, spraying transplanted crops with the following was recommended: 5 lb. tobacco extract, 2 l/2 lb. slaked lime, 1 l/4 lb. copper sulphate, and 2 l/2 It- quassia or decoction in 250 gal. water. . FERNALD, H. T. , and BOURNE, A . I# (1413) 1919. DEPARTMENT OP ENTOMOLOGY. Mass. Agr. Expt. Sta. 31st Arm. Sept. Pts. I and II. Publ. Doc. 31, pp. 39a - 43a. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 8: 75. 1920.] Plea beetles on potatoes were well controlled by nicotine sulphate (40-percent) at 1 to 800 in combination with either bordeaux mixture, Pyrox or Insecto. ROSTRUP, S. (1414) 1920. PLEA- BEETLE ATTACK IN 1918. THE HABITS AND CONTROL OP PLEA BEETLES. Beret. Statens Forsogsvirks , i Plantekultur 142; Tidsskr. Plant eavl. 27: 216-286, illus. [in Danish with a summary in English. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 8: 541. 1920.] For garden and experimental plots .infested with flea beetles, spraying with tobacco extract diluted to a nicotine percentage of 0.1 (100 - 120 gal. an acre) was advocated. ANONYMOUS (1415) 1921. VERSUCHS ZUR BEKAMPFUNG DER OELFRUCnTSCKADLlNGE. Mitt. Biol. Reichsanst. Land u. Forstw. No. 22, 49 pp. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 10: 263-264, 1922.] A tooacco spray containing 0.14 percent nicotine proved more poisonous to flea beetles than any other spray tried. BLUNCK, H. (1416) 1927. CAN PLEA-BEETLES BE COMBATED SUCCESSFULLY WITH DUST PREPARATIONS? Landw. Wchabl. Schleswig-Holstein No. 19 [Kiel]. [in G-errnan. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (a) 15: 382. 1927.] — 322 — Nicotine is effective against these halticid beetles that infest cruciferous plants but is so expensive that its general use is impossible. ANDREEVA, IT. V. (1417) 1930. THE KEMP FLEA-BEETLE AND ITS ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE. Bull. Sev.- Chernoz. Oblastn. Sel.-Khoz. Opuitn. Stantz. (Bull. North Black Soil Zone Reg. Agr. Expt. Sta.), No. 1, pp. 20-23, [Orel]. [in Russian. Abstract is Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 19: 3C5. 1931.] Control measures include repeated spraying of the young shoots in the spring with nicotine sulphate 1 to 500. ANONYMOUS . : (1418) 1928. TEN YEARS OE WORK (1918-1927). Collect. Papers on. the Work of the Sci. Dept. Saratov Regional Agr. Expt. Sta. 278 pp., [Saratov], [in Russian. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 16: 489-490. 1928.] Arsenical and tobacco dusts gave the best results against the flea beetle Chae to enema breviuscula Fald. on beets. GUNTHER, 0. (1419) 1931. PESTS OE BEET IN SPAIN. Anz. Schadlingok. 7 (10): 112-116, illus. [In German. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 20: 7. 1932.] Proprietary dust insecticides and a spray containing tobacco extract, though effective against halticid beetles ( Chae to enema tibialis. 111.), are too costly. CAMERON, A. E« (1420) 1915. POTATO SPRAYING AND DUSTING IN NEW JERSEY. U. S. Amer. Bull. But. Res. 6 (1): 1-21, illus. Tobacco dust killed 91.6 percent of the potato, flea beetles (Ejpitrix cucumeris Harr. ) treated; bordeaux, lead arsenate and Black Leaf 40, 52.9 percent; zinc arsenite and Blr>ck Leaf 40, 69.6 percent; lead arsenate and Black Leaf 40, 78.7 percent; lead ciiromate and Black Leaf 40, 25.4 percent; and Black Leaf 40 and".' soap, 60 percent (Table VIl). BRITTON, W. E., and ANDERSON, P. J. (1421) 1926. TOBACCO INSECTS OBSERVED IN CONNECTICUT IN 1925. Conn. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tobacco Sta. Bull.. 6, pp. 74T - 93T. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 14: 445. 1926.] Spraying with 2 teaspoonsful of nicotine sulphate (40-percent) in 1 gal. writer with a little soap in it is suggested for the control of the flea beetle Epitr.ix c ucumeris Harr. on tobacco plants. - 323 - WALKER, H. G., and ANDERSON, L. D. (1422) 1932. ' RECENT INVESTIGATIONS IN INSECT CONTROL AT THE VIRGINIA TRUCK EXPERIMENT STATION. Peninsula Hort. Soc. [Del.] Trans., pp.. 20-24. [Abstract in Chem. Abs. 28: 5584. 1934.] Good control of the potato flea "beetle ( Epitrix c u corner is Harris) was obtained with combination dusts of calcium arsenate, zinc sulphate, and lime (1:1:1), and paris green and lead arsenate (1:5). The addition of nicotine (1:400) improved the efficiencies of the sprays. HANSON, A. J. (1423) 1933. THE POTATO PLEA BEETLES EPITRIX C UCUKSRIS HARRIS, EPITRIX SU3CRINITA LECONTE. Wash. Agr. Expt. Sta. 3ull« 280, 27 pp., illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Exit. (A) 21: 540-541. 1933.] Tubers from potato plants sprayed with 9 applications of nicotine sulphate were almost as much injured as those from untreated plants, since no lasting toxic residue was left on the plants, and very few beetles came into actual contact with the sprays. ANDERSON, L. D. , and WALKER, H. G. (1424) 1934. THE LIEE HISTORY AND CONTROL OF THE POTATO PLEA BEETLE, E PJT3IX CUCUMSRIS HARRIS. ON THE EASTERN SHORE OP VIRGINIA, jour. Econ. Ent. 27: 102-106. The addition of Black Leaf 40 to the bordeaux- calcium arsenate spray gave a slight increase in yield, but not enough to pay for the additional cost of the material; however, if aphids are atniiidant it might be profitably added. BEINHART, E. G. (1425) 1932. A CONTROL FOR THE TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE ( EPITR IX ' Jour. Econ. Ent. 25 (6): 1187-1190. [Abstract in Rev. Aopl- En : «. (A) 21: 73. 1933.] A spray of 50 gal. bordeaux mixture (3:5:50 or 4:4:50), 2 lb. lead arsenate, and 1 pt. 40-percent nicotine sulphate appears to rive better control of Epitrix oarvula F. in tobacco seed beds than other materials used. A single application effected complete control of a severe attack of flea beetles (probably E. cucumeris Karr. ) on tobacco in California in 1929, and effective practical control of E. parvula in tobacco seed beds of North Carolina was obtained with it in 19?2. CHAMBERLIN, F. S. (1426) 1933. BARIUM FLUOSILICATE AS A CONTROL FOR THE TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE. Jour. Econ. Ent. 26 (l): 233-236. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 21: 245-246. 1933.] - 324 - Excellent control was obtained with dosages ranging from 4 to 8 lb. to the acre of tobacco using a mixture consisting of barium fluo- silicate, infusorial earth, and tobacco dust in the proportions of 8:2:2, with two or three applications. Other tests on this beetle ( Epitrix parvula. F..) indicated that an 8:2 mixture of barium fluosilicate and tobacco dust was somewhat preferable. Neither of these mixtures caused commercial scorching or residue trouble when properly applied. PICARD, F. < (1427) 1913. THE STRUGGLE AGAINST HALTICA IN HERAULT. 3ull. Agr. Algerie et Tunisie No. 4, pp. 86-89. [in French. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Snt. (A) 1: 173-174. 1915.] Nicotine is said to give good results in the Gironde but the author is of opinion that it protects the leaves in a less effective manner than arsenical compounds. If the second generation attacks severely, nicotine spray is the remedy. FEYTAUD, J. (1428) 1911. L'ALTISE DE LA VIGNE. Bull. Soc Etude et Vulg. Zool. Agr. 10 (2): 49-64, illus. Against flea beetles ( Haltica ampelophaga Gucr. Men.) on grape vines a spray mixture, consisting of 1.33 1. titrated tobacco juice (133 g. pure nicotine) and 100 1. bordeaux, has been demonstrated as an effective control. In the laboratory nicotine has been very active and larvae are at once paralyzed by the contact of this liquid. The ingestion of leaves treated with nicotine caused characteristic convulsions a few moments later, and death followed within a very short time (pp. 62-63). DEGRULLY, L. (1429) 1923. TRAITEKENTS CONTRE L'ALTISE ( HALTICA AMPELOPHAGA ) . Prog. Agr. et Vitic. 79 (7): 149-153. February 18. [Abstract in Rev. Appl- Snt. (A) 11: 167. 1923.] Sodium arsenate is the preferred remedy but for greater safety calcium arsenate or lead arsenate may be used, or pyrethrum-soap or nicotine. DA CUNHA BU2N0, A. (1430) 1928. WORK AGAINST THE VINE RE-iTLES. Chacaras e Quintaes 37 (4): 392-393, illus. [in Portuguese. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 16: 501. 1928.] Measures against Haltica (Altica) am pelophaga Guer. attacking grape-vine leaves include the application of nicotine spray or dusts of tobacco and lime. - 325 - FULMEK, L. (1431) 1931. THE CABBAGE FLEA-BEETLE AS A PARE PEST OF SHAPE-VINES. Das Weinland, No. 9, p. 289. [in German. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 20: 238. 1932.] The leaves of grape-vines in Austria were injured by Haiti ca oleracea L. Many of the flea "beetles were found dead beneath the vines after they had been sprayed with bordeaux mixture containing 2 percent tobacco extract and 0.12 percent urania green. NEWTON, H. 0. F. (1432) 1928. THE BIOLOGY OF FLEA-BEETLES (PHYLLOTRETA) ATTACKING CULTIVATED CRUCIFERAE. Jour. So. East. Col. Wye No. 25, pp. 90-115, illus . [Abstract in Rev. Apol. Ent. (A) 16: 615-616. 1928.] Cress, previously- untouched, was badly damaged by beetles that were driven from other plants by spraying with nicotine sulphate. GRAM, E., and ROSTRUF, S. (1433) 1923. PLANT DISEASES AND PESTS IN DENMARK IN 1922. Tidsskr. Plant eavl. 29: 236-309. [in Danish. Abstract in Rev. Apr>l. Ent. (A) 11: 521. 1928.] Experimental spraying with nicotine sulphate (0.1 percent) and with lead arsenate (0.2 percent) had good effects in controlling Phyllotreta nemo rum and other flea beetles. Newly hatched larvae of Pteronus ( Nematus. ) ribesii on gooseberry bushes were instantly killed by a spray of tobacco extract (0.2 percent). A tobacco extract con- taining free ammonia caused total defoliation. BURKHARDT, F. (1434) 1917. FLEA-BEETLES INJURIOUS TO AGRICULTURE AND GARDENING. Abt. f. Pflanzenkrank. Kaiser Wilhelm Inst. f. Landw. Flugbl. No. 26, March, [in German. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 8: 237. 1920.] Lime or soot with a little tobacco dust or sulphur added may be used against the flea beetles infesting peas, vetches, and cruciferae. The species include Phyllotreta nigrj-pec F. , P. ntra F. , ?. cruciferae Goeze, P. undulato Kutsch. , P. nemo rum L. , Psy lliod es chrysocephaln L. , and P. na-pi F. CHITTENDEN, F. H. , and MARSH, H. 0. (1435) 1920. THE WESTERN CABBAGE FLEA- BEETLE. U. S- Dept. Agr. Bull. 902, ,'-31 pp., illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 9: 203-204. 1921.] The western cabbage flea beetle ( Phyllotreta pus ilia Horn) is a most troublesome pest of cabbage, turnips, and other cruciferous crops. Nicotine sulphate l/2 pt. of 40-percent solution in 50 gal. water with 2 lb. soap added, or tobacco dust, may be used as deterrents. - 326 - AZOV, Z. (1436) 1928. EXPERIMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OE FLEA-32ETLES ON CABBAGE SEEDLINGS BY MEANS OE CALCIUM AR3ENITE AND OTHER INSECTICIDES. Defense des Plantes 5 (3-4): 372-374. [in French. Abstract in Rev. AtdpI. Ent. (A) 17: 137-138. 1929.] Tobacco dust gave as good results as calcium arsenite by the third day upon Phyllotreta undulata Kutsch and P. nervorum L. on cabbage seedlings, nearly all the flea beetles being killed. The day following the application the pure calcium arsenite showed the best results, the Paris green spray being the least effective. YAROSLAVTZSV, G. ||. (1437) 1928. INSECT PESTS IN 1927. Zapadan. Obi. S.-Kh. Op. Stantz., No. 29 (Ent. Otd. No. 1), 31 p. [in Russian. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 17: 135-156. 1929.] Flea beetles ( Phyllotret a undulat a, a_tra_, vittata , nemo rum , and armoraciae ) appeared by the end of May and were abundant toward the end of June and beginning of July, when tobacco dusts had to be applied- NEWTON, H. C F. (1438) 1929. OBSERVATIONS ON THE BIOLOGY OF SOME FLEA-BEETLES OF ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE. Jour. So. East. Agr. Col. Wye, No. 26, pp. 145-164, illus [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 17: 678-680. 1929.] Spraying with nicotine for aphids killed a number of flea beetles ( Psylliodes attenuata Koch) on hops. Z IMMERMANN , F . , and L INKE , W . ( 143 9 ) 1929. TESTS WITH INSECTICIDES AGAINST FLEA-BEETLES IN HOP CULTIVATION. Landw. Fachpresse Tschechoslow. 6: 180-181. [Prague]. [in German. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (a) 13: 266. 1930.] Calcium arsenate dust proved very effective against flea beetles ( Psylliodes attenuata Koch) in Bohemia, and a 2 percent solution of tobacco extract, though somewhat less effective, was quite satisfactory. MASSEE, A. M. (1440) 1931. NOTES ON MITES AND INSECT PESTS FOR THE YEARS 1928-1930. East ilng Res. Sta. 16th - 18th Ann. Rept. 1928-1930, Pt. 2 (suppl.)i pp. 189-201, illus. Kent. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 19: 637-638. 1931.] Psylliodes attenuata Koch caused considerable damage to hop3 in England. A 3 percent nicotine dust and sprays of lead arsenate or nicotine proved ineffective against these beetles. - 327 - BLUNCK, H. (1441) 1922. THE ACTION OF ARSENICAL POISONS ON PESTS OF OIL CROPS AS OBSERVED AT THE NAUMBURG BRANCH OF THE IMPERIAL BIOLOGICAL INSTITUTE. Verhandl. Deut. Gesell. Angew. Ent. 3 Mitgliederversammlung zu Eisenach 28 bis 30 September 1921, pp. 40-55; Berlin. [in German. Abstract Rev. Aopl. Ent. (A) 11: 130." 1923.] Nicotine sprays give fair results against flea beetles such as the cabbage flea beetles ( Phyllotreta sjop_. ) and the rape flea beetle ( Psylliocles chrysocephala) . CHITTENDEN, F. H. (1442) 1909. THE HOP FLEA-BEETLE ( PSYLLIODES P UNCTULATA MEL5H. ) . U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 66, Pt. VI, pp. 71-02, illus. Quayle says that a spray, containing Black Leaf tobacco extract (1 gal. to 65 gal. of water),, seemed more effective than kerosene emul- sion against this pest on hop plants (p. 36). PARKER, W. B. (1443) 1910. THE LIFE HISTORY AND CONTROL OF THE HOP FLEA-BEETLE ( PSYLLIODES PUNCTULATA KELSH. ) U. S- Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 82, Pt. IV, pp. 33-58, illus. A combination of bordeaux mixture and 3lack Leaf tobacco extract served as a deterrent and should prove effective. Tobacco dust is more effective on mangels than on hops, because the plants are close to the ground and can be more readily covered with the powder (p. 54). Flea-beetles which were thoroughly drenched with Black Leaf tobacco extract at the rate of 1 gal. to 65. gal. water soon died, but many beetles jumped through the spray and escaped (p. 56). MULLER-THURGAU, H. , OSTSRWALDER, A- , and SCHNEIDER-ORELLI, 0. (1444) 1917. PLANT PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PLANT PATHOLOGICAL DIVISION. Landw. Jahrb. Schweiz. 31: 416-426. [in German. ] A 2-percent tobacco-soap solution may be considered an effective and convenient means of controlling Trioza alacris (laurel flea beetle), Typhlocyb a rosae , and Stephanitis pyrioides (p. 425). - 328 - 2. Cucumber, Asparagus, and Raspberry 3eetles, 1899-19 53 MORE IRA, C. (1445) . 1921. A PEST 0? EGG-PLANTS. Chacaras e Quintaes 24 (5): 392, illus. [in Portuguese. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 10: 86. 1922.] Formulae recomiriended against Diabrotica speciosa , damaging egg- plants, watermelons, tomatoes, etc, are: (l) tobacco extract (con- taining 7 percent nicotine and 1 percent carbolic acid) 3 qt. and water 25 gal.; (2) tobacco extract 2 to 3 qt. , soft soap 5 to 6 l/4 lb., and water 25 gal. SELL, R. A. (144S) 1915. SOKE NOTES ON THE WESTERN TWELVE-SPOTTED AND THE WESTERN STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLES. Jour. Econ. Ent. 8: 515-520. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 4: 68-69. 1916.] Tobacco extract, one teaspoonful to a gallon of water, was a successful remedy against the western striped cucumber beetle ( Diabrotica trivittata ) . CHITTENDEN, F. H. (1447) 1899. SOME INSECTS INJURIOUS TO GARDEN AND ORCHARD CROPS. U. S. Dent. Agr. Div. Ent. Bull. 19, 99 p., illus. Andrus and Stauffer state that when there is an abundant supply of tobacco stems, a liberal plowing under of 1 or 2 tons to the aero is effective against the striped cucumber beetle ( Dirbrotica vittata Fab.). The tobacco ribs were used in lieu of manure, and as soon as the cucumber plants appeared above ground they were treated with tobacco dust at weekly intervals. The ribs on the ground about the roots appeared to be more effective than tne dust on the plants (p. 50). WEBSTER, F. M. , and NEWELL, W. (1448) 1902. INSECTS CF THE YEAR IN OHIO. U. S- Dept. Agr. Div. Ent. Bull. 31, n.s. pp, 84-90. Tobacco dust was ineffective against beetles ( Doryphora decemlinca' Phyllotreta vittata , r>nd Diabrotica vittr.t.n) (p. 90). HEADLEE, T. J. (1449) 1908. LIFE HISTORY OF THE STRIPED CUCUMBER B3JTLE WITH A BRIEF ACCOUNT OF SOME EXPERIMENTS FOR ITS CONTROL. Jour. Scon. Ent. 1: 203-209. Tobacco dust seemed to be fairly efficient against this beetle (Diabrotica vittata) when carefully used, but it was no better than sulphur or air-slaked lime. - 329 - MOORE, m. (1450) 1914. TRUCK CROP INSECTS. Minn. State Ent. 15th Rept. 1913 and 1941, pp. 64-63, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 3: 162-163. 1915.] Tobacco fumigation is recommended for the control of the melon aphid. One teaspoenful of "Nicofume" or similar tobacco extract to each gal. water kills cucumber beetle ( piabrotica ) larvae on the under- ground parts of the plant. G-OSSARD, H. A. (1451) 1917. THE STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE. SUGGESTED REMEDIES FOR CONTROLLING THIS PEST OH CUCURBITS. Ohio Agr. Expt. Sta- Monthly Bull. 2 (4): 117-120, illus. [Abstract in 3ev. Apol. Ent. (A) 5: 370-371. 1917.] A method of combating Piabrotica vittata is to dust most of the plants with tobacco, fine ashes or lime, the undusted ones, on which the beetles naturally prefer to feed, being sprayed with a solution of 6 lb. lead arsenate paste in 50 gal. of water, thus acting as traps. BRITTOH, W. E. (1452) 1918. SEVENTEENTH REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST OF CONNECTICUT, 1917. Conn. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 205, pp. 228-370, illus. Q,. S. Towry tried tobacco dust as a repellent against the striped cucumber beetle ( piabrotica vittata Fab.) without great success (p. 270). Black Leaf 40 was also tried against this beetle (p. 271). ¥. E. Britton and Q. S. Towry successfully used Black Leaf 40 against the potato aphid ( Macros iphum solanifolii Ashm. ) (p. 291). They discuss control methods, using nicotine solutions, such as "Black Leaf 40", "Hikoteen", and "Pratts 1 Nicotine" .(pp. 300-301). SCHIFFMANN (1453) 1912. ZUR VERT ILGUiTG DER SPARGZLKAFER. Oartenwelt 16: 638. Dusting the asparagus beetle on asparagus with tobacco dust was ineffective. WAHL, B. (1454) 1916. ASPARAGUS BEETLES. Wiener Landw. Ztg. 66 :267. [in German. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 6: 409. 1918.] The following is one of the insecticides recormended against the larvae of the asparagus beetle ( Crioceris a^paragi.) : A solution of 5 lb. tobacco extract and 1 pt. lysol in 50 gal. water. - 330 - BURR, A. (1455) 1922. PARASITES DES ASPERSES DANS LES CULTURES D 1 ALSACE. Bull. Assoc. Philomath. Alsace et Loraine 6 (1321) pt. 3, pp. 43-52. [Abstract in Rev. Aopl. Ent. (a) 10: 630-631. 1922.] The most satisfactory spray f<*>r general purposes against the cnrysomelids Crioceris as paragi L. and C« duo de c impun c ta ta L« consists of l/4 It. nicotine, l/2 lb. carbonate of soda, 2 l/2 lb. blacK soap and 1 qt. methylated spirits in 25 gal. of water. BRITTON, 7!. E. (1456) 1928. TUENTY-SEVENTH REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST OF CONNECTICUT 1927. Conn. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 294, pp. 192-303, illus. Using Black Leaf 40 (2 teaspoonfuls to 1 gal. water) the author was readily able to kill the grubs of the asparagus beetles ( Crioceris asparagi Linn, and C ' duode-cimpunctat a Linn. ) (p. 203). Hyzu- persicae Sulz. and Illinoi pisi Kalt. can be controlled by nicotine spray or nicotine dust (p. 204). Tests with insecticides designed to do the work of nicotine sulphate are briefly reported by Carman (pp. 277-278). 3H0MERUS (1457) 1925. DIE SPARGELKlFER. Ztschr. Obst. Wein u. Gartenbau 51: 170-171. A 1 percent tobacco extract is recommended in Germany against the asparagus beetle. LIBERA, T. (1458) 1912. DER KIMBEERKAFER, BYTURUS FUliATUS. Miller's Deut. Gart. Ztg. 27: 330. Spraying with a 4-percent nicotine solution is recommended as a control for the above beetle on raspberries. Spray only in the very early morning or late in the evening, and begin to spray 8 to 10 days before blossoming time and repeat spraying once a week till fruits are half grown. LESS, A. H. (1459) 1917. THE RASPBERRY AND LOGANBERRY BEETLE ( BYTUR US TOMSNTOSUS ) . Long Ash ton, Bristol, Agr. and Hort. Res. Sta. Ann. Rept. for 1917, pp. 35-36. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 6: 424. 1928.] Good results have been obtained by the experimental use of 20 lb. soft soap, 2 gal. paraffin and l/2 lb. nicotine in 100 imperial gal. water. In practice it was found necessary to give a preliminary spraying to force the insects from their hiding places and for this the 2 pcromt paraffin emulsion without nicotine was used. - 331 - POETEREN, N. VAN (1460) 1932. REPORT OF THE WORK OF THE PHYTCPATHCLOGICAL SERVICE V. Vcrslag. en Meded. Plantenzicxxenkund. Dienst V/ageningen No. 65, 134 pp., illus. [In Dutch. Abstract in Rev. Appl- Ent. (A, : : 566. "1932.] Spraying with paris green or nicotine ha:; given good results against the cabbage beetle ( Meligethes aeneus L.). A spray of 1 p^r miHe nicotine (95-98 percent) has be^n found effective against the raspberry heetle ( Byturu s tomentosus F.), and one of 2 per mile proved excellent against Phytomyza chr/santhemi Kowartz on chrysanthemum if it is carefully and thoroughly applied- STEER, W. (1461) 1932. FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE HABITS OF THE RASPBERRY BE ( BYTUR US TOM ENTOSUS FABR. ) WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE CONTROL OF THE PEST "BY MEANS OF DERRIS. Jour. Poraol. Hort. Sci. 10 (1): 1-16, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 20: 331-332. 193?.] In view of the exposed condition of the larvae a spray of 8 oz. nicotine, 10 lb. soap and 100 gal. water was applied on July 1, 6 days before the picking of the crop began; the percentage of infestation reduced from 70.9 to 36.5. PETHERBRIDGE, F. R. , and THOMAS, I. (1462) 1933. THE CONTROL OF THE RASPBERRY BEETLE. Jour. Min. Agr. [&t. Brit.] 39 (11): 1017-1023, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 21: 170-171. 1933.] Experiments on the control of this beetle ( Byturus tomentosus F* ) are described. The damage on raspberries sprayed with 1C oz. ni so tine sulphate and 5 lb. soft soap in 40 gal. water was 4.6 percent as compared with 84.8 percent on unsprryed plants. STEER, W. (1463) 1933. STUDIES ON BYTURUS TOMENT0SU3 FABR. III. FURTHER EXPERIMENTS ON ITS CONTROL ON RASPBERRIES, LOGANBERRIES AND BLACKBERRIES. Jour. Pomol. Hort. Sci. 11 (1): 10-38, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 21: 294-295. 1933.] Two late applications of a spray containing 0.05 percent nicotine and 1 percent soft soap reduced infestation on raspberries from 78.8 to 5.1 percent, but was more expensive than the derris spray « BAKER, W. W. (1464) 1929. REPORT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY. West i7ash. Sxpt. Sta. Ann. Rept. 1928-1929, pp. 10-16. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 18: 541-542. 1930.] Nicotine dust?? sometimes killed a large number of raspberry- beetles ( Byturus un icolcr Say) but their effectiveness varied in dif- ferent years. 3. Other Beetles, 1905-1934 FRICKHINGER, H. ff. (1465) 1932. SOME LITTLE KNOWN FE5TS OF MEADOW LANDS. A COMPILATION FROM TEE LITERATURE. Prakt. Bl . Pflanzenbau u. Schutz, 10 (1-2): 33-37. [In German. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 20: 382. 1932.] Loss of red clover seed is caused by the larvae of a weevil ( Apion apricans Hbst.), which feed in the blossoms. A spray of nicotine and soap is suggested- CHITTENDEN, F. H. (1466) 1915. THE VIOLET ROVE-BEETLE. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 264, 4 pp., illus. Pauls reports that he was successful in ridding his garden of this pest ( A jo eel lus s ohacricollis Say.), at least on three of his pansy beds, by dusting them with tobacco in 1905. LANGENBUCH, R. , and SCHEWKET, N. (146?) 1931. ON THE BIONOMICS OF BEETLES ( ATOMARIA LINEARIS STEFH. ) . Nachrbl. Deut. pf lahz ens chut zdi ens t. 11 (3): 17-19, illus. [in German. Abstract in Rev. Appl- Ent. (A) 19: 380. 1931.] Experiments showed that the beetles on sugar-beet seedlings are but little susceptible to sodium fluoride or arsenical compounds, nor did treatment of beet-seed with naethalene prove of any value, spraying with nicotine being the only measure of any use. HUSAIN, M. A-, and SHAH, S- A- (1468) 192<5. THE RED PUMPKIN BEETLE AULACOPHCRA A BDOMINAL IS FB. AND ITS CONTROL; WITH A SHORT NOTE ON A. AT RIPENNIG F3. India Dept. Agr. Mem., Ent. Ser. 9 (4): 31-57, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 14: 423-424. 1926.] Ashes, slaked lime or road dust mixed with tobacco dust or kerosene are often used as repellents, but poison dusts give better results. Sprays recommended include a tobacco decoction made of six parts tobacco refuse and 1 l/2 parts soap to 600 parts water. MORGAN, W. L. (1469) . THE PUMPKIN BEETLE AULACQPHORA HILARIS BOISD. Agr. Gaz . N. S- Wales 44 (11-12): 811-815, 915-922, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 22: 138-139. 1934.] Hydrated lime and tobacco dust (equal parts) proved the best of a number of dusts tested for protecting young plants. - 333 - LESNE, P. (1470) 1907, LES IKS3GTBS DE L'ARTICHAUT. Jour. Agr. prat. 71 (t.l4)j 49-52, illus. Against a beetle ( Cassida deflorr.ta suffr.) which infests the artichoke the following spray mixture is recommended: 1C cc concen- trated tobacco juice, 1C g. black soap, 2 g. sod'um carbonate, 1C cc. methyl alcohol, and 1 1. water. MARTINET, G. (1471) 1925. LE' CRIOCERS DE L'AVERNE. Terre Vaudoise 17 (23): 540. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Eat. (A) 13: 376. 1925,] A solution with a nicotine or arsenical basis is recommended for the control of a small species of Crinceris . KADOCSA, GY. (1472) 1916. CRIOC ERIS MEL^OPA ( LEMA MELANOPUS ) INJURIOUS TO OATS AND BARLEY . IN HUNGARY. Monthly Bull. Agr. Intel, and Plant Diseases 7 (2): 312-314. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 4: 350-351. 1916.] Thane ton (a nicotine preparation) and nicotine sulphate gave the best results when the nicotine content was from 0.4 to 0.5 oz. per gal. of water. HOPKINS, A- D- (1473) 1909. BAR&3EETLE3 OP THE GENUS DENDROCTONUS . U. S. Dept. -Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 83, Pt. 1, 169 pp., illus. Coating the trunks of trees with a preparation of tobacco water, Spanish blood, lime, fresh cow dung, etc., is recommended as a preventive against the European spruce -beetle ( Dendroctonus micans Kug.) (p. 142). MERRILL, D. E. (1474) 1917. THE BEAN BEETLE ( EPILACHNA CORRUPTA MUL5.) N, Mex. Agr. Expt . Sta. Bull. 106, 30 pp., illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 6: 299-300. 1918.] t A spray of Black Leaf 40 (1:800) plus 4 lb. soap per 100 gal. killed very young larvae when they w'ere hit by it, but it had no effect on older stages. MCINLQO, N. E. (1475) 1931. TROPISMS AND SENSE ORGANS 0? COLEOPTERA. Smithsn. Misc. Collect. 82 (18): 1-70, illus. - 3L4 - To ascertain whether nicotine would keep Mexican ber.n beetles ( Ep i 1 a-chn a co r r up t a Mu Is.) ( = Ep i la chna v ar i v e s t i s Mu Is.) away from treated, lea.ves in four shall cages in the laboratory, bean foliage was sprayed with 40-percent nicotine sulphatp and lime (combined as a dust) and with nicotine sulphate in water (1 to 400). The beetles feeding on untreated leaves had a value of l.CO, while those on the treated leaves had -values of 0.87 and 0.85, showing that the nicotine preparations were slightly repellent (pp. 42-43). - * BOURNE, A. I., and WHITCOMB, T. D. (1476) 1S34. DEPARTMENT 0? ENTOMOLOGY. Mass. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 305, pp. 28-26. [Abstract in .lev. Appl. Ent. (A) 22: 473-474. 1934.] Sprays of nicotine sulphate (1:800) were efficient in reducing the number of larvae of the Mexican bean beetle, but allowed reinfestation to take place. Against the onion thrips a spray of nicotine sulphate and fish-oil soap was the most effective. TAKAGI, S., and ITO, K. (1477) 1932. STUDIES OH EFIIACHNA NIPONICA LEW. Fukushima Agr. Expt. Sta. [Japan] 50 pp.', illus. [in Japanese. Abstract in Rev. AppI. Ent. (A) 20: 495. 1932.] Lead arsenate is considered the best insecticide for control of this beetle, though derris, pyretnrum, and nicotine sulohate are all very effective. CUSHMAN, R.. A., and ISELT, D. (1478) 1916. THE CHEERY LEAP BEETLE, A PERIODICALLY IMPORTANT ENEMY OF CHERRIES. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 352, 26 pp. , illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 4: 509-311. 1916.] For the control of the chrysomelid Galerucella cavicollis Lee (cherry leaf beetle) nicotine sulphate (40-percent) at 1 to 600, with or without soap, was effective as a contact spray. Weaker solutions though apparently effective at the time of application did not have a • permanent effect. HARTZELL, F. Z., and FARROTT, P. J. (1479) 1916. THE CHERRY LEAF-BEETLE. N. Y. Agr. Expt. Sta. Circ. 49, 3 pp., illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 4: 341. 1916.] The most suitable control measure is to spray cherry and peach trees as soon as the adults ( Galerucella cavicol lis Lee) appear with nicotine sulphate (40-percent) l/2 pt. in 60 to 80 gal. water.. HUTCHINSON, H. P., 'and KEAHNS, H. G. H. (1480) 1931. THE CONTROL OF GALERUCELLA LINEOLA - MAJOR PEST OF WILLOWS. Bristol Agr. Hort. Res." sta. Kept. 1930, pp. 108-111. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 19: 608. 1951.] - 335 - As a result of both field and laboratory ter.tr,, it was found that effective control may be obtained by thorough spraying against the immature larvae about the third week of June with 3/4 oz. nicotine, 1 lb. soft soap and 10 gal. water. BRA3CASSAT, M. (1481) 1922. GALERUCA CAIMARIENSIS FAB. Verb. Soc Lin. Bordeaux Proc 74 (1): 38-39. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 11: 238. 1923.] In the spring the following wash should be applied: 2 l/2 lb. sulphur, 5 lb. soot and 3 l/2 lb. tobacco extract in 5 gal. water for the control of G -aleruc ella luteola Mull. (- Galeruca calmariensis P. ) on elm. BRITTON, 7/. E. (1482) 1922. THE EUvI LEAP BEETLE OUTBREAK. Conn. Agr. Expt. Sta. Circ 84, pp. 29-34, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 20: 675-676. 1932.] Where the lead arsenate treatment has not been applied or has proved unsuccessful, the pupae of this beetle ( Galerucella l uteola Mull.) round the base of the tree may be killed by spraying with nicotine sulphate and soap. DIANTHUS (1483) 1923. UN INSETTO DAFiJOSO AI GIOVANI OLMI. Coltivatore 69: 425. Against elm beetles on young nursery stock a 1 percent phenicated tobacco solution is recommended in Italy. Spray this solution when the first beetles appear, ZORIN, P. V. (1484) 1931. GUELDER ROSE LEAP- BEETLE ( GALERUCELLA VI BURNl) PAYK. Bull. Inst. Controlling Pests and Diseases, No. 1, pp. 55-79, illus. [in Russian. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 20: 151. 1932.] The i&rTii« may be killed by an application of tobacco dust. HOFFMANN, A- (1485) 1929. NOTE SUR LES MOEURS ET LE3 DEGATS DS HTPERA ARATOR L. (COL. CURCULIONIBAE). Bull. Soc Snt. Prance 1929, No. 4, pp. 47-52. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (a) 17: 410-411. 1929.] The spray formula that gave the most satisfactory results con- sisted of 2 lb. nicotine, 8 lb. soft soap, 0.3 gal. alcohol (90-percent) and 100 imperial gal. soft water. The soap should be dissolved separately. - o^o - SANDERS, J. G. , and FRACKSR, 5- B. (1486) 1916. LACKN0ST3RNIA RECORDS III WISCONSIN. Jour. Econ. Ent. 9: 253-261, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 4: 283-234. 1916.] In tests to control the white grubs, kerosene emulsion and 40- percent nicotine sulphate were found useless. MESNIL, L. (1487) 1931. CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF THREE COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS INJURIOUS • TO CEREALS. Ann. Eniphyties 16 (1930), No. 3-4, pp. 190-203, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 19: 658. 1931.] '" Control measures against these beetles (Lema) include the culti- vation of winter wheat and spraying with a mixture of pyre thrum and nicotine sulphate. . . • SCHWORER (1483) 1925. A DEVASTATING OCCURRENCE OF LEMA CYANELLA L. Badische 31. fur Schadlingsbekamruung 1 (5); 57-68. [in German. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 13: 530. 1925.] The young larvae of the above beetle were sprayed with a solution of 2 lb. tobacco extract in 10 gal. water. Only 3 percent of the larvae survived this treatment. The effect of the spray can be increased by adding 2 lb. of slaked lime. MIESTINGER, X. • (1489) 1910. ZUR BEKSI.1PEUNG DES GETRSIDEHAHNCHSN3 . Monatsh. Landw. 3 (11): 351-533, illus. Against the beetles Lema melanoca L. and L. cyanella L. on wheat and other cereals Sajo in Hungary recommends the following spray mixture: 2 to 2.5 kg. tobacco extract, 2 to 2.5 kg. unslaked lime, and 600 to 700 1. water. VASSILIEV, E. H. (1490) 1913. THE CHIEF REMEDIES AGAINST THE LARVAE AND BEETLES OF Lf&A KELANOPU S I., A PEST OF S'JMMER-SOWN GRAIN. Studies from the Sxpt. Ent. Sta. of the All-Russian Soc. of 3ugar-refiners for the year 1912. Kiev, or. 1-2. [in Russian. Abstract in Rev. Atpl. Ent. (A) 1: 479. 1913.] Against this pest on oats, barley, and wheat in Russia a 1 to 2 percent tobacco extract is suggrstrd as a rf-medy in the lower and wet region in the Government of Charkov. - 337 - FEYTAUD, J. (1491) 1924. UN PARASITE DE LA MILIADE LEMA ELAVIPSS SUFFR. Rev. Zool. Agr. et Appl. 23 (7): 158-161. [Abstract in Rev. Aopl. Ent. (A) 12: 504. 1924.] For France, in cases of severe infestation bordeaux mixture with nicotine or a solution containing 1.5 percent soft soap and 0.15 per- cent pure nicotine using about 50 to 60 gal. oer acre is advocated for the control of the criocerid, Lema tristis Hrbst. ( = Flavit)es Suffr.). MOORE, TO/!., AMD GEAHAM, S. A. (1492) 1918. TOXICITY OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS TO INSECT EGGS. Jour. Agr. Res. 12: 579-587. In the laboratory, eggs of the Colorado potato beetle ( Leotinotarsa deceml ineata Say.) were dipped into a nicotine solution and immediately removed, and others were sprayed with the solution. All of the treated eggs failed to hatch. BRITTAIN, W. H. (1493) 1925. SOME MISCELLANEOUS INSECTICIDE TESTS. Acadian Ent. Soc. Proc 1924, No. 10, pp. 23-42. [Abstract in Rev. Apol. Ent. (A) 13: 495- 496. 1925.] Nicotine sulphate killed 31 percent of Colorado potato beetle larvae and adults ( Lentinotarsa decemlineata Say.). Fish-oil soap alone, 6 lb. to 40 gal., was about equally effective. Nothing was gained by adding nicotine sulphate or fish-oil soap to the bordeaux spray. Nicotine sulphate controlled an aphid, Cavariella sp. , on parsnips. Satisfactory results against Alsoohila oometaria Harr. were obtained with a spray containing soluble sulphur 1-50 with nicotine sulphate 1 pt. - 100 gal. with or without the addition of 4 lb. fish-oil soap. Nicotine sulphate alone is not quite so good as with fish-oil soap. FEYTAUD, J. (1494) 1913. THE ENEMIES OF THE OSIER, THE LARGE RED CHRYSOMELID LINA ( MELASOMA ) POPUP I LIM. Rev. Phytopnth. Apol. 1 (3): 37-39, July 5. [in French. Abstract in RoV. Appl. Ent. (a) 1: Z3&-354. 191?.] Insecticides containing nicotine giv^ excellent results because they not only poison the insects and thf= larvae but also prevent ovi- position. Red osier, Salix fra^ilis , sprayed with Burgundy mixture con- taining 1.3 percent nicotine yielded more, osier than areas sprayed with either copper or nicotine alone. LEWIS, H. C.i and GAMMON, C- (1495) 1928. THE VEGETABLE WEEVIL FOR THE SEASON 1927-1928. Calif. Dept. Agr. Monthly Bull. 17 (9): 482-492. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 17: 35-36. 1929.] - 338 - Contact sprays that have given good results against Li stro dares obliquus G-yll. on such crops as spinach, turnips, and other vegetables for which arsenicals ^an?iot "be used are a 2 percent emulsion of a light, highly refined white oil with nicotine sulphate (1:800) and a pyrethrum sorey using 5 lb. to 100 gal. water. HOHI.'m. (1435) 1932. STUDIES ON THE CLOVER LEAF- BEETLE , LUPERODES PRAEUST US KOTSCffiJLSKY, IN SOUTHERN SAGHALIEN. Saghalien Cent. Expt. Sta. Rept. (1), No. 2, 105 pp., illus. [in Japanese with an English summary. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Eat. (a) 22:* 19. 19.34.] Control measures recommended against this beetle include spraying with nicotine sulphate and soap against the eggs. RUNNER, G. A. , and Si EH, J. R. (1497) 1927. EXPERIMENTS IN THE CONTROL OF TIE HOSE- CHAFER, MACRODACTYLU S SUBSPIN0SU5 FAB.. IN VINEYARDS. Jour. Econ. Ent. 20: 194-195. [Abstract in Hev. Appl. Ent. (A) 15: 262-263. 1927.] Many of the materials tested, including nicotine, were only slowly toxic and did not protect the vines. TESI, 3. (1498) 1929. EXTERMINATORS FOR BEET PARASITES. Indus. Saccarif. Ital. 22: 1; Listy Cukrovar. Rozhledy 47: 26. [in Italian and Chechoslovakian. Abstract in Chem. Abs. 23: 4765. 1929.] The following preparations were effective especially against cockchafers: (1) tobacco dust 40 percent, flowers of sulphur 30 percent, finely ground naphthalene 30 percent; (2) tobacco dust 50 percent, dried "Sama" 50 percent. LENGERKEN, K. VON (1499) 1920. A NEW MORDSLISTENA FROM COLOMBIA AS A PEST OF CULTIVATED ORCHIDS. Ztschr. Angew. Ent. 6 (2): 409-411. [In German. Abstract in Hev. Appl. Ent. (A) 9: 67. 1921.] Fumigation with substances containing nicotine appear to give good results against adult beetles of H or de 1 1 i s t ona bey ro d t i attacking the leaves of C at t ley a l abia ta in an orchid house. TEMPLE, ff. (1500) 1926. THE OCC T JREENCS OF M0HDELLI5TEN A CATTLEYANA ON ORCHIDS. Kranke Pflanze 3 (9): 161-164, illus. [in German. Abstract in Hev. Appl. Ent. (A) 14; 562. 192 6.] The collection of the adult beetles and fumigation with nicotine are the measures advocated. - 339 - GLENN, P. A- (1501) 1915. THE APPLE FLEA-WEEVIL IN ILLINOIS. Jour. Econ. Ent, [Abstract in Rev. Anpl. Snt. (A) 3: 456. 1915.] 7: S7&-386. The beetles ( Orchestes c anus ) were easily killed with kerosene emulsion and nicotine sprays. A 7 percent kerosene emulsion and Black Leaf 40 at the rate of 1 pt. to 100 gal. water were used. NASH, R. W. (1502) 1934. THE WILLOW 3LEA WEEVIL, 0RQHS5TES RU FIPSS LEC. MAINS. Jour. Scon. Ent. 27: 336-339. AND ITS CONTROL IN Nicotine sulphate (1 : 600) plus liquid potash soap (1 : 500) gave a 99 percent control after two applications. One application gave a 93 percent reduction in mines. FERNALD, H. T (1503) 1916, REPORT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY. Mass. Agr. Expt. Sta. 28th Ann. Reot. , Pt. (A) 4: 528. 1916.] i5-a - 68. [Abstract in Rev. Anpl. Ent To prevent oviposition by strawberry crown girdler (Otior rhynchus ovatu s L. ) near unaffected white pine and other trees in a forest nursery, the ground ilia ediately round their stems was heavily sprayed with whale- oil soap solution (1 lb. soap in 4 gal. water), kerosene emulsion and in different parts of the nursery. FEYTAUD, J. (1504) 1918. ETUDE SUR L'OTIORHYNQUE SILLONNE (OT IORRH YNCHUS SULCATUS F.). Ann. Serv. Epiphyties 5 (1916-1917): 145-192, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 7: 465-466. 1919.] From May to September, while the adults are on the trees, solutions such as bordeaux mixture, nicotine-sulphur sprays, bordeaux mixture with nicotine or aloes etc., act as repellents and stop the spread of infos trtion; these ne^d renewing every 8 or 10 days during June, July, and August. WAHL, C. VON (1505) 1912. VSRSUCEE GEGEN DEN MEERRETTICHKAFER (PHASDON COCHLEARIAE) . Ber. Haupts telle f. Pflanzenschutz in Baden fur 1911, pp. 82-87, illus. A t^pray mixture, consisting of 1.5 parts titrated nicotine, 3 parts soft soap, and 100 parts water, had a quick and good effect against this horseradish beetle. It is recommended in Baden (Germany), - 340 - WILSON, H. F. (1506) 1909. TIE PEACH-TREE BARXBEETLE ( PHLASOTRIBUS LIMINARI5 HARK.). U. S. Dept, Agr. Bur. Ent. Ball. 63, pt. 9, pp. 91-108, illus. All the gum and rough bark of 72 peach trees were scraped off and the following mixture was applied with a broom: One bushel tobacco stems was boiled 1 hour in 4 gal. water; l/2 bushel stone lime and 4 qt. salt were added; l/2 pt. crude carbolic acid was used in each 12 qt. of the liquid. Good results were obtained; the white wash stuck well, and the insects did not attack the trees till long after the wash fell off the trees. (pp. 102, 104). FSYTAUD, J. (1507) 1903. LES CHPY50MSLE5 DE L'OSIER. Bull. Soc. Etude et Vulg. Zool. Agr. 7 (5): 141-148. Against a chrysomelid beetle ( Phratora v ul^atissima ) on willows a spray mixture, applied by Danguy and consisting of 1 to 3 1. titrated tobacco juice, 0.2 kg. sodium carbonate, 1 kg. black soap, 1 1. denatured alcohol, and 100 1. Yv-ater killed 30 percent of the beetles. The author used a mixture, consisting of 1 1. titrated nicotine, 2 kg. copper sulphate, 1 kg. sodium carbonate, and 100 1. water. After the treatment all the adult beetles left the sprayed square and none was found the following day (pp. 142-143). (1508) 1908. LES CHRYSOMELES DE L '0SIER-ESSAI3 DE DESTRUCTION PAR LES LIQUIDES INSECTICIDES. Rev. Vitic. 30: 344-348, 374-373, 404-409. 1908. Against a chrysomelid beetle ( Phrator a vuLgatissima) on willows in Prance a bordeaux-nicotine (1-percent) mixture, consisting of 1 1. titrated nicotine, 2 kg. cooper sulphate, 1 kg. sodium carbonate, and 100 1. water, was successfully applied (p. 13 of separate). LEES, A. H. (1509) 1925. EXPERIMENTS ON THE CONTROL OP WILLOW BEETLES. Ann. Rept. Agr. and Hort. Res. Sta. 1924, pp. 120-122. [Abstract in Rev. April. Ent. (A) 13: 433. 1925.] Laboratory tests were made against Phy ll odeota yitol llna e. Experiments with soap and nicotine with or without pnn.ffin indicated that the addition of paraffin made no difference. Nicotine sulphat? 30 oz. to 100 imperial gal. killed 100 percent. Eight o?.. nicotine ( - 20 ox., nicotine sulphate) killed only 32 percent of the beetles. KLOTI-HAUSER, E. (1510) 1922. A DANGEROUS PEST OF WILLOWS. Schweiz. Ent. Anz. 1 (5): 33. [In German. Abstract in Rev. Appl. 3nt. (A) 12: 391. 1924.] Spraying with nicotine against the willow-leaf beetle ( Phyllodecta. vulgat Lssima L.) is not quite reliable. - 341 - FLEMING, W. E. • (1511) 1925. THE COMPARATIVE VALUE OF CARBON BISULPHIDE AND OTHER ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AS SOIL INSECTICIDES FOR CONTROL OF THE JAPANESE BEETLE ( POPILLIA JAPONICA NEWM.). N. J. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 410, 29 pp. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 13: 380-381. 1925.] Among compounds producing a larvicidal vapor in a closed chamber at 80° F. nicotine was selected for further tests. In water, only- carbon disulphide and naphthalene could safely be used to destroy infestation in the soil 'about the roots of growing plants. BLUNCK, K. (1512) 1931. PS YLLIODE S AFFINIS PAYK. ON TOBACCO. Anz. Schadlingsk. 7 (12): 133-136, illus. [In German. Abstract in Biol. Abs. 6 (8-9): 2C31. 1932. Entry 19643.] The above insect can live on other Solanaceae besides Nicotiana , certain species of which are severely damaged while others are not touched even when the beetles are very hungry. In general those plants with highest nicotine content are least eaten. YUASA, H. , and ONEO, T. (1513) 1930. PTILII7EURU5 MAFMORATUS REITTER, AN ANABIID BEETLE INJURIOUS TO RUSH MATS, WITH A DESCRIPTION OF A NEW PARASITIC BETHYLID. Jour. Imp. Agr. Expt. Sta. 1 (3): 215-230, illus. [in Japanese, with a summary in English. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 18: 614. 1930.] The measures recommended against the above beetle are spraying infested mats with 1-percent nicotine solution alone or combined with carbon tetrachloride; and spraying the floor with nicotine sulphate (1 : 800), or dusting it with paradichlorobenzene before laying the mats. ANONYMOUS (1514) 1930. CONTROL OF RED-PUMPKIN BEETLE ( AULACOPHORA ABDOMINALIS ) . Bombay Dept. Agr. Leaflet 9 (1930), 2 op., illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 19: 715. 1931.] Among the repellents suggested for use against the adult beetles ( Rhaphido'palpa abdominalis F. ) is 1 lb. fine tobacco dust or snuff mixed with 30 - 40 lb. fine road dust, 5 lb. kerosene and 3-5 lb. ashes. KATSUMATA, K. , and MURAE, K. (1515) 1931. RESULTS OF THE STUDIES ON RHINONCUS PER I CARP I US L. Insect World 34: 381-335, 401-406; 35: 12-16, 49-53. 1930-1931. [in Japanese. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 19: 337. 1931.] A spray of nicotine sulphate or derris, combined with soap, is effective for control of this weevil. - 342 - DELIA BEPPA, G. (1516) 1921. THE LEAF- ROLLER, RHYNCHITES BETULAE . P.. Osserv. Fitopat., Foglio d'lstruzione 15, 3 pp., illus. [in Italian. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 9: 473. 1921.] Spraying with a 2-percent- solution of nicotine is. a preventive against an outbreak. BROOKS, p. E. (1517) 1920. BOUND-HEADED APPLE TREE BORER: ITS LIFE HISTORY AND CONTROL. U. 3. Dept. Agr. Bull. 847, 42 pp., illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 8: 505-506. 1920.] Nicotine sulphate killed a considerable percentage of young' borers ( Sa-perda Candida P.) feeding in shallow burrows,; -but was not effective on large borers that had penetrated deep into the tree. ISHIYAMA, Z. (1518) 1920. INVESTIGATIONS ON THE WEEVIL SCEFTIOUS INSULAR IS ROELOFS ATTACKING THE PEANUT. Chibaken Naimubu, 8 pp., illus. [in Japanese. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 8: 521-322. 1920.] No effective remedies have been discovered. At present powdered tobacco and sprays of arsenicals are in use. MULLSR-THURGAU, H. , O'STERWALDER, A., and JEGEN, G. (1519) 1922. REPORT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND PLANT PATHOLOGY OF THE S.VISS EXPERIMENT INSTITUTE AT v&DENSWILL FOR THE YEARS 1917 - 1920. Landw, Jahrb. Schweiz. 36 (5): 774-734. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 11: 99. 1923.] Sitona lineat a, a pest of young peas, may be checked by dusting with tobacco. MELIS, A- (1520) 1933. CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF SPHAERODERMA RUB I BUM GRAELLS. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES AND GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION IN ITALY. Redia 20: 139-228, illus. [in Italian. Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 21: 679. 1933.] Two applications, with a few days ■ interval, of a 1 per mi lie nicotine nicotine sulphate 3pnay has been found to destroy nearly all the larvae of this halticid in their mines. HAHMANN, C. (1521) 1930. TSLEPKORID LARVAE AS. PESTS IN THE GREENHOUSE. Ztschr. Pflanzen- krank. 40 (3): 117-124, illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 18: 431. 1920.] The use of nicotine in the evening or early morning is suggested for combating larvae of - Telephones sp. on chrysanthemum in a greenhouse. - 343 - '-i, c. A., and DOUCETTE, C P. (1522) 1923, CONTROL OE Tffi " t E Jour. Econ. Ent. 16: 283-388. [Abstract In Rev. L. 11: 412. 1923.] Hydrocyanic acid gas cannot be used at ; certain time, but on two or more occasions the surface water of the bed should be filmed with kerosene-nicoti.-Vr-ole.3te to kill tap adult beetles cf Tyoophorus (P aris ) canellus F. The soil in the beds shoal J be kept covered with . tobacco dust until drying-off time, with occasional applications of wood ash at monthly intervals. These will oper; te against larvae and pupae in the soil and. newly hatched larvae that come in contact with the tobacco dust. WEIGEL, C-A. . (1523) 1926. THE STRAWBERRY ROOTTORM, A NEW PEST ON GREENHOUSE ROSES. U. S. Drpt. Agr. Bull. 1357, 48 pp., illus. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 14: 165-166. 1926.] A layer of tobacco dust on soil was found to kill all ne\ hatched larvae of Typ op horus c anel lus F. placed on it, and it is thought that a considerable degree of control against this beetle was obtained by applying a mixture of wood ashes and tobacco dust to the surface of the soil of rose beds at intervals of about two weeks during the spring. ANONYMOUS (1524) 1924. LEAD-EATING- INSECTS. Science 60 (1550) Sun. p. XII. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 12: 500. 1924.] The lead-boring beetle Xylopertha declivis Lee. eats its way through lend arsenate, nicotine sulphate, and other materials tried as protective measures. JABLONOWSKY, J. (1525) 1914. REGENT WORK OE THE ROYAL ENTOMOLOGICAL S r ATION OF HUNGARY. Monthly Bull. Agr. Intel. Plant Lis., 5 (3): 316-320. [Abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 2: 309-310. 1914.] Spraying with an ordinary knapsack sprayer with 2 oz. nicotine sulphate and 1 l/2 lb. soft soap in 10 imperial gal. water was effective in killing all the larvae of the corn ground be tie (Zabrus tenebrioides C-oe?e). Spraying with 4 lb. nicotine sulphate and 15 lb. soft soap to 100 imperial gal. water is effective against the cereal or barley leaf beetli ( L r ma m e 1 ano pus ) . Sprays containing 2 oz. nicotine (either sulphate or extract) and 1 1/2 lb. of soft soap to 10 imperial gal. of water destroyed 98 - 99 percent of the larvae of Clysia am bi^u e ila and Polychrosis botrana . - 344 - LAHILLE (1523) 1905. M3TH0DS TO DESTROY AN INSECT THAT ATTACKS CA3UAEINE3. Cron. Agr. 1 (6): B4. [in Spanish.] Against a "beetle belonging to the family of Scolytidae the following mixture is used in Argentina: 2.5 kg. tobacco and 35 1. hot water. Allow this mixture to steep for 24 hours, then strain and press out the lerves and mix the solution with the following: 35 1. ox blood, 1 kg. slaked lime, and 16 kg. fresh cow dung. This mixture should be applied with a coarse brash. HYSLOP, J. A- (1527) 1915. WIP-ECTOEL'IS ATTACKING C3ESAL AND FOEAG-S CHOPS. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 155, 34pp., illus. Reeves soaked seed corn for 24 hours in a solution of commercial tobacco extract (1 : 16). The seed was dried before planting. It was determined that tobacco solution as a repellent for wireworms (Elrteridae) is quite useless (p. 32). STELLWAAG, F. (1523) 1928. GRAPE CULTUEZ AND T?IZ PRESENT FIGHT AGAINST DISEASE. Ztschr. Angew. Chem. 41: 806-809. [in German. Abstract in Chem. Abs. 23: 469. 1929.] Nicotine is used in fighting hay and wireworms. From 1 to 1 l/2 kg. of an 3 to 10-percent commercial nicotine solution is added to 100 1. of spray solution. From 200 to 300 g. of cotton-oil soft soap is added as a spreader. Nicotine sulphate acts as a corrosive poison while raw nicotine is mainly a stomach poison. A mixture is most effective. ANONYMOUS (1529) 1915. EL GOEGOJO DE LA UVA Y LA NICOTINA. Cultivador Moderno [Barcelona] 5 (4): 12. The following mixture was sprayed on grapes infested with weevils: 0.15 kg. 90-percent nicotine, 0.5 kg. copper sulphate, 1 kg. soap-lye, and 100 1. water. It is recommended in Spain where satis- factory results have been obtained with the "Fisch" sprayer. BORNSR, BLUNCK, and DYCKERHOFF . (1530) 1921. VERSUCHE ZUR BEKAMPFUNG DEE KOHLEED-FLOHS UND DSS RAPSGLENTZKA'FERS. Mitt. Biol. Eeichsanst. Land u. Forstw. No. 22, pp. 1-41, illus. Tobacco decoction, including nicotine sulphate and Black Leaf tobacco extract, is briefly discussed (pp. 31-32). A tobacco decoction, containing 0.14 percent nicotine, proved more toxic to the rape beetle on rape than any other spray tried (p- 41). - 345 - CAMPBELL, R. s. • (]. 1S24. NOTES ON INJURIOUS SOUTHWESTERN TENSRBRIONIDAE (COL.). Ent. : T ews 35 (1): 1-7. [Abs-trcct in Rev. Appl. Ent. (A) 12: 117. 1924.] In experiments in a field of "bell pepper (C apricorn grossum ) from 6 to 8 inches high, f re-ding was stopoed b;, covering the ground immediately around the stern of the plant with fine dust such as lime, ■tobacco dust, or kaolin. JOHN, H. R, (1532) 1927. CONTROL OF BROWN AND BROUZE BE£TLE8 IN THE ORCHARD. Jour. Dept. Agr. New Zeal. 54: 236. The author claims to have secured a very satisfactory control from the use of Black Leaf 40. The grass-grub or brown chafer beetles did not rise in How Zealand until about the middle of January. 7/hen the trees were sprayed the beetles left them altogether. DIZTZ, H. F., and ZEISERT, E. E. ' (1533) 1934. BARIUM FLUOSII-ICATE (DUTOX) IN BLISTER BEETLE CONTROL. Jour. Econ. Ent. 27: 73-79. Dietz, in 1926, reported that a 1-perceht concentration of nicotine oleate was a very effective control for blister beetles. In laboratory tests, reported here, 80 percent of the blister beetles immersed in a liquid, consisting of 1.5 percent nicotine (50 percent free base), 0.4 percent coconut potash soao, and water, were killed. These tests did not warrant further experimentation (p. 75). Index of Authors Abbott, W.S., 1155 Adam 3, ?.. , 1042 Ahlberg, 0., Alov,. Z. , 141 Alwood, W. 3., 1230 Anderson, L. D., 36 J , 1422, 1424 Anderson, P. J., 1421 Anderson, 5. J. , 980 Andrew va, IT."*., 1417 Anonymous, 334, 356, 864, 887, 928, 961, 1003, 1105, 1174, 1192, 1196, 1228, 1257, 1363, 1387, 1399, 1415 1418, 1511, 15: 1-, 1503 Arkcll, T. ?.., 1166 Austin, 3. 3., 842, 505, 1061, 1342 Baker, "'.'. '..". , 1464 Ballou, H. A., 1006 Bart r, Z. 3... 1394 Bartsch, G. , 1055 Bathe lie r, J. , . 1 -' Baumler, C, 1037 Baunacke , Bautier, L., 1209 Beaumont, A. , Beckv.lth, 3. 3., 1001 Bedford, C-. A. H., 1168, .1172 Beinhart, Z. 5., 1425 Be Hair, 3., 1102 Bernard, U. , 368 Beto, 1183 Bird, R. D., 1372 Bishopp, ?. :., 1162, 1170, 1181, 1211, 1217, 1234 Blunck, H . , 1416 , LI, 1 512 , 1530 Bodenheime--, Z., 838, 1077 Bogdanov-K ' - . 5. N. , 1551 Bogojawlens] L, :■:. A., LI Bolle, P, C„ 950 Bondar, G. , 984, 1001, 1010, 1023 Boning, K., 357, 1318, ] Borden, A. D., 1075 Borne r, 1550 Bottner, J., 1313 Bourne, 3. A., 1050 3ourne, A. ,1 . , 1053, 1055, 1061, 1064, 1401, 1413, 1476 Bovell, J. 3.., 1049 Boyce, A. I.I., 1337, 1358 Brandly, C. A., J L! Brannon, L. 77., 1060 Brascassat, Z., 148] Breakey, 3. ., 109 Bredo, H. J., . i Bre ler, H., 1238 BriUaiu, Z. H., 845-649, 351, 356, 1153, 1156, 1238, 1239, 1306, 1308, 1310, 1405, 1433 Brit ton, Ti. Z., 365, 830, 1140, 1261, 1271, 1272, 1421, 1452, 1455, 1482 Brooks, F. -., 1517 3rowe r, A. Z. , 1385 Bruck, Z., 1077 Bruner, S. C, 9c? Bryant, T. ?.., 1184 Burkhardt, P., 1454 Burr, A., 1455 Busck, A., 1146 BushnelT, L. D., 1158 Butcher, Z. G., 1082 Caesar, L., 850, 1276 Cabanyes Salazar, J., 1015 Caler, Z. L,, 1179 Calzavara, 0., 1154 Cai eron, . Z., 1029, 1032, 1000 Campbell, Z. L., 1250 Campbell, J. A., 1095 11, 0. Z., 1531 . 5 i is, R. F., 872 Carpenter, G. K., 852 Carter, "3., 1063 Chalot, 3., 968 Chamberlin, F..S., 392, 1426 Champetier, 1200 Charles, V, K., 1283 Childs, L., 993 Chittenden, F. H., 1435, 1442, 1447, 14 Cleveland, 5. R. , 1307 Clyde, D., 1245 Collard, J. tf., 1080 Compton, 3. C, 1310 Contini, Z., 1016 Cook, F. C, 1011, 1032, 1034 Cook, Z. T., 1395 Cooley, ?.. A., 1313, 1194 Corbett, G. H. , 1003 Cornell, E., 922 Cory, Z. N., 885,1269 Cotterell, 5. S., 908 Crawford, D. L., 985 Crawford, Z. G. , 891 Crimi, ?., 1201 Crosby, C. Z. , 860, 868, 1354 Cuirea, "., 1222 Cunliffe, Z. , 1150 Cunliff , .0 3., 1075 Curasson, G., 1195 Cushing, E. C, 1237 • :', 7. A, , Cutri,. lit, C, '.. , |.l! Da Cunha Baeno, A., 1450 Dahlgren, 3., 1138 Daniel, D. I.;., 1377 Davidson, V.". ;■!., 1365 Davis, J. J., 936 Davison, A. G. , 11€ Degrully, L., 945, 1430 Do 11a Beffa, G. , 1352, 151. Do Long, D. I:., 1033 Den Do op, J . 3. A., 334 De Stefani, - 969 Di an thus , 1< ,83 Dietz, H. ~ . , 1533 Dieuieveut , 1407 Biff loth, ? ., 1136 Dingier, M. 1334 Dinulescu, j 1 °'» " Dinwiddie, . R.., 1153 Dodge, 3. . , 1273 Douce tte, C . P., Ie33 Dralce, C. J 1323 Draps, E., : .067 Driggers, 3 . P., 1090 Dubois, P., 1061 Dujardixi, E . , 1142 Du Pies si s, S., 1235 Durante, D. 918 Duraz, VJ. P ,, 1369 Dustan, A. G. , 1024', 1143 Du Toit, 3. J., 1173 D'utra, G., 376 Dyckcrhoff, 1530 Eckstein, F , 1241. Eichinger, 974 Eidmann, H. 1207 Essig, E. ., 1054, 1230, Evvlng, H. E , , 1113 Swing, K. P ,, 895 Eyer, J. R. 1497 E. J., 1286 Eaes, H., i; L35, 1381 Eedorov, S. M., 1058 Pelt, 3. P. 161, 835, 940 Eernald, H. 3., 1413, 1503 Per rant, 7. 996 Eeytaud, J. 1574, 1428, 1 1504, 150 7 Pink, D. E. 916, 1521 Elachs, K., 85 c 1491, 145 Elebut, A. J., 1021 W. P., 1511 - 17., ■ p . ■ Plint, 17. P., 938, 1056 Fluiter, H. J. Do, 1356 Poex, P., 927 Porte s, S. A., 933 Eord, \'L "., 1019 Poster, S, ".."., 98? , 1367 Pracker, S. B., 1330, 1486 Prappa, C, 915 , C, Jr., 94 ', 1045, 1071 Frickhi: er, II . 0". , 1455 Friend, R. B., 1363, 1364. Froggatt, ... W. , 10 i ' Fro n, M. G.. 926 Fryer, J. 3. P., 689, 890, 896, 304 Fulmek, L., 1039, 1202, 1361, 1431 Fulton, : . B., 1566 Gabert, A., 1202 Gabert, E. t 1171 Gaiccont , V., 1097 Galiard, L., 1095 Galli-Valerio, P., 1203 Gambrell, F. L., 1028, 1339 3' . - - in, 2. , 1495 Gardner, A. K. , 1359 Garrnan, P., 859, 1037, 1092, 1114, 1137 Go r a s imo v , B . A. , 1311 Gilmer, P. M., 1206 Gilmo re, J. W., 1268 Ginsburg, -3. i'., 1119, 1403 Girault, A. A., 077 Glasgow, H., 874, 1309, 1315, 1339 Glenn, 3. A., 1531 Gloyer, VJ. C. 1309 Good, E. S., 1184 Gossard, H. A., 867, 935, 1451 Grahi m, S. A., 1492 Gram, E« , 1433 Granger, A., 1409 Gray, D. T., 1182 Gray oill, H- W., 1231 Greve, L., 1236 Grimes, 3. '■' . , 1265 Gravel. A., 1408 Gue n ai 3 x , G . , 1 4 1 1 Gueroio, .-. Del., 1014 Gunn, 3., .70 Gun the r, 0., 1419 Gurney, Ti. 3., 947, 1046, 1072 543 Guyton, F. E., 1180 3uyton, 8. :.., 863, 126 I y, C. ::., 1307 Hahmann, C, 1521 Hall, V.'. J., 1019 Hamilton, 3. C, 1089, 1270 Hansen, A. J., 1423 Harris, ::. H., 1372 Hartzoll, 7. Z., 1255, 1479 Harukawa, G., 1391 Haseman, L., 341, 843 Hawloy, I. M., 875 s, W. ?., 1801, 1397 Headlco, T. J., 981, 111", 1221, 1449 Herrick, G. 7,'., 862, 1328, 1376 Hor rod-Hemps all, V.". , 1210 - y, G. L., 907, 1870 Higgins, J. I., 1188 Hinds, 7. 2. , 1219 Hoaro, A. H., Hodgkiss, H. 3., £45 Kodson, 7. 2. 8., 853 Hoffmann, A., 18:5 Hopkins, A. D. , 1473 Hori, LI., 1496 H rne, 7. 8., 1395 Hornik, .8., 1325 Horsfall, J. 8., 1051 Horton, J. 8., 976, 983 Housor, J. ~ . , : 5 Hov;ar8, L. C, 1239 Hudson, H. 2., 932 Hugiiicr, 1814 Husain, 8. 3--., 899, 1468 Hutchinson, 8. F., 1480 Hutchinson, 8. H., 1232 Hut son, J. C. , 1320 Hyslop, J. A., 1527 Illingworth, J. P., 1030 Imcs, M. f 1167, 1173, 1173, 1178, 1188 Inda, J. R, , 377 Iseley, D. , 141 I shiy am a , 8 . , 1518 I to, K., 14-77 Ja"bloi ■ ... . , J. , I Jack, R. V;., i 2 Janisch, P.., 18 J- ry, 3. G., 1281, 1813, 1-42 Jcgcn, G., 18 8 John, H. R., 153; Johnson, ?. 8., 843 -, P. T., 888, 968 Jordan, K. H. C, 1151 Kadocsa, Gy., 1472 Kj " - t- , ". , 1515 8- uf .:■ m, D,, 1291 Kearns, K. 3. E., 1343, 1345, 1346, 1349, 1480 Kemnor, IT. A. , 1287 Ke: t, 7. G., 902 Kinsey, 8. 2., 1048 Kirillov, I., 1193 Kl o t i -31 a ,-. s e r , 8 . , 1510 Knight, 8. H., 873 Knowlton, 3. P., ^60 Knull, J. 2., 863 Korff, G., 857, 1318 Krishna Ayyar, P. 2., 973 Kwan Lun 7ong, 318 Laake, 8. '8., 1211, 1217, 1224, 1237 Labor, 0., 1039 Lafferty, 8. A., 873 Laf8orgue, 3-., 1410 Lahille, lo25 Langehbuch, ?.,, 1467 Lai gford, G. S., 943 Lecaillon, A. , 919 Lees, A. 2., 1433, 1509 :8re, J., 134'" L< rig ck ::, 2. von, 1499 Leonard, 2. 2., 680, 930, 1354 Lcplae, 2., 1189 . , P., 917, 1470 Lewis, H. C., 294, 1495 218 ra, 2., 1488 Lindblom, A. , 1517, 1400 Linke, 3'., ,.439 Little, 7. A., 959 Lizer, C., 337 Lowry, 0. 3., 1140 Lundbla< , 0. , 1817 L- inde rw .lei b, H . , 1408 McColloch, J. 7., 931, 1897 McConnell, ?. A., 885 McDaniel, P. I., 1028, 1133 McDonald, 7. E., 1223 McDonough, P. L., 1103 MacEougall, P.. S., 1215, 1213, 1329 McGregor, 2. A., 1098, 1100, 1103 Ldoo, N. E., 1475 MacLennan, A. 7. 839 od, G. F., 1282 nan, 8., 1205 Marchal, P., 925, 927, 1382 Hare seal chi, A., 1130 349 ~ Maria tt, C. L., 1213 Marsh, H. 0., 1435 Marsh, R. V/., 1345 Martin, H., 1342 Martinet, G., 1471 Mason, A. C, 979, 1149 Mason, E. A., 1136 Massee, A. M., 1091, 1117, 1440 Matthew-man, W, C-., 1024, 1143 Maw, W. A., 1163 Mayet, V., 104^: Mayne, R. , 1295 Mazzaccara, G. , 1212 Melis, A., 1530 Menozzi, C, 1293, 1294, 1296 Merrill, D. E., 1474 Mesnil, L., 1487 . . Middle ton, W., 1358,, 1378 Mie stinger, K., 1489 Mi e the, &., 1327 Milan, J., 1258 Miles, H. vT., 1000, 1257, 1344, 1347 Miller, D., 1251 Mil liken, E. B. , 942 Mills, A. S., 930 Mitzmain, II. B., 1224 Mohler, J. R. , 1177, 1187 Molz, E., 837 Monte, 0., 953, 964 Moore, J. B., 1326 Moore, M. H., 1348 Moore, flhu, 1220, 1450, 1492 Moreira, C, 883, 1445 Morgan, W. L., 1469 Morrill, A. V;'., 944 M niton, D., 9S2, 987 Moznette, G. F., 910, 951, 998, 1010, 1110, 1111, 1141 Muller-Thurgau, H., 1444, 1519 Mumford, F. B., 954, 955 Mnndinger, E. G. , 1253, 1256 Munger, P., 1144 Murae, K., 1515 Muth, F., 1125 Nash, R. W., 1502 Sfaamann, A., 854 Newcomer, E. J., 1118, 1365 Newell, YJ. , 1448 Newman, L. J., 948, 1126, 1127 Newton, H. C. E., 1432, 1438 Nolo, S., 1325 Nougaret, R. L., 1365 Obarski, J., 1355 O'Kano, VT. C, 1507, 1340 Oneo, T., 1511 Osterwaldcr, A., 1444, 1519 Owen, V;. J. Jr., 894 Paillot, A., 1379, 1380, 1383 Paoli, G., 1078 Rape, H., 1040, 1041, 1083 Parfcntjcv, T. A., 1242, 1244 Parker, R. R. , 1194 Parker, W. 3., 1099, 1124, 1443 Parman, D. C, 1211, 1234, 1238 Parrott, P. J., 845, 874, 1335, 1385, 1479 Passy, P., 1390 Payne, L. F., 1160 Pearce, T. J. P., 1345 Pearson, H. M., 1059 Peirson, H. 3., 1384 Perre t-Mai sonneuve , 1208 Perrott, W. H., 1004 Pescott, E. E., 1120 Peter, 1229 Peters, H. S., 1217 Petherhridge, F. R., 855, 889, 898, 899, 902, 907, 1341, 1370, 1452 Pe thy "bridge, G. H., 878 Pettit, R. H., 1052 Phipps, C. P., 971 Phipps, C. R., 1035 Picard, E., 1427 Poeteren, N. Van, 1460 Popenoe, C. H., 1279, 12C3 Potdllaude, I., 1070 Prowazek, S. von, 1151 Pynaert, L., 1115 Rama Chandra, R. Y., 880, 881 Rao_, Y. R. , 882 Raymond, &., 1082 Reed, W. V., 953 Reinhard, H. J., 893, 894 Rene, C, 1164, 1198, 1193 Psyne, A., 1007, 1009, 1393 Fhynehart, F. G., 878 Richardson, C. H., 1246 Ritchie, A. H., 1018, 1204 Ritzema, Bos. J., 924 Riviere, G. 920 Roark, R. C, 1211 Roe, R. J., 1227 Romano vsky~ Romanko , V., 1357 Roos, J., 1197 Rorer, J. B., 886, 1005 Ross, W. A., 850, 1148, 1274, 1276 350 Eoatrup, S., 901, 1305, 1414, 1433 Riffle r, ?.. , 1185 Rihmann , 1 ! . H • , 133 2 Runner, G. A., 1497 Has sell, H. M., 1068 Russell, ?. P., 1248 Russo, G. , 1022, 1054 Ryle, G. 3., 1093, 1130 S. V,"., 1412 Sanders, G. I., 847 Sanders, J. C-., 1328, 1350, 1486 Saiiford, H. L., 1263 Sasscer, E. R., 1275 Sayre, C. B., 1047 Scales, P. i:., 1232 Scelsi, S., 1191 Scheerlinck, 1002 Schewket, IT., 1467 Schiffmann, 1453 Schoevers, T. A. C, 906, 1145 Scholl, S. Z., 934 Scholl, G. J., 949 Schoycn, T. H., 1C30, 1258 ' Schneider, K., 1101 Schneider-Ore Hi, 0., 1444 SchrSder, Z., 1038 Schuback, G., 1034 Schumann, C, 1112 Schworer, 1483 Sell, R. A., 1446 Severin, H. C, 1104, 1560 Seymour- Jo net- , A., 1225 Shah, S. A. , 1468 Shepard, H. Z., 1246, 1247 Sherrard, 0., 1086 Shingareva, ST. I., 1243 Shomcrus, 1457 Skinner, H. E., 1129 Slingerland, U. V., 1304 Smce, C, 981, 1085 Smith, C. R., 1250 Smith, F. ?., 1025, 1027 Smith, J. 3., 1302 Smith, z. ::., 900 Smith, K. J., 1514 Smith, L. M., 1036 South, P. V;., 871 Speyor, E. R. , 1266 Sprengel, L., 1371, 1373 Stamme rhaus , L . , 950 St anil and, L. II., 903, 1254 Stantchinski, 7. V., 1152 St ape 1, C, 1234 Stear, J. R., 870 Steer, W., 1350, 1461, 1463 Stellwaag, ?., 1134, 1338, 1528 Stephens, J. C, 949 Stewart, ?. C, 874 StOMnger, H., 1402 Sullivan, \T. H., 1250 Swaine, J. M., 1375 Swarbrick, T., 1343, 1546 Swenk, M. H. 965 Swift, M. S., 1273 Takagi, S., 1477 Taylor, E. L., 1151 Taylor, W, H., 1079 Tchikov, ?. V., 1073 Tempi, W., 1107, 1500 Tesi, 3., 1498 Tneobald, E. V., 883 Thomas, C. A. , 1285 Thomas, I., 1370, 1462 Thomas, R. H., 1115 Thompson, 3. G., 913 Thompson, H. W., 1216 Thompson, R. V,'., 1278 Thomsen, M., 901, 985 Thorpe, II. H., 855 Tothill, J. E., 967 Tragardh, I., 1122, 1147 Treherne, R. C, 835, 1029, 1032 1033 Trillat, 1240 TroitzZy, N. H., 1297 Trouvelot, B., 879, 921 True lie, A., 1252 Try on, II. H. f 972 Tucker, S. S., 1303 Tucker, R. W. E. t 1132 Tunrlngton, P., 1341 Ugryumov, G. D., 923 Uphof, J. C. T., 1598 Urich, P. W., 1074, 1073 Vanden"berg, S. R., 962 Van Hermann, H. A., 1057 Vasina, A. N. f 1300 Vassiliev, E. M., 1335, 1490 Vayssiere, R., 1259 Ye itch, R., 941 Variables, E. R., 844 Viljoen, R. R., 1175 Vilieroy, P., 1169 Vinson, J., 1057 Vogelweid, V., 1105 Vosbury, E. 2., 1115 Vosler, E. J., 1020 Vuillet, A., 1017 15] Vuishelessknya, II. S., 923, 1244 Wade, 0., 911 Wadley, P. M. f 955 Wadsworth, J. T., 1314 Wagner, R. D., 1162 Wahl, B., 1454 Wahl, C. von, 1505 Wahl, R., 1094 Wahl, R. o., 1235 Walden, B. E., 1140 Walker, H. G. , 956, 1422, 14-24 Wallace, F. N.j 340 Wallace, F. W., 337 Walton, C. L., 1226, 1254, 1230 War bur ton, C, 897 Ward, J, M. 975 Watson, J. R., 978, 989-991 Webster, F. M., 1121,1448 Webster, R. L., 1352 Weigel, C. A., 1025, 1027, 1263, 1522, 1523 Weismann, R. , 1336 Weiss, H. 3., 1319, 1331 Wellhouse, W. H., 912 Wells, R. W., 1217 West, A. ?., 1248 Whit comb, W. D., 1061, 1064, 1476 White, W. H., 995 Wilhelmi, J., 1233 Williams, R. 0., 1011 Wilson, H. F., 1353, 1506 Wilson, R. IT., 939 Winslow, R. l/l., 1031 Winston, J. R. , 1115 Wood, H. ?., 1157, 1181 Woodworth, K. S„, 1396 Worthier, H. N., 357 Yaroslavtzev, G. M #| 1437 Yothers, M. A., 1118 Yothers, W. W. ,979, 1149 Yuasa, H., 1513 Zappe, M. ?., 866, 869, 1254, 1271 Zattler, 1108 Zeisert, E. E., 1533 Zetek, J., 1392 Zimmermann, F. , 1439 Zollig, F., 1043 Zorin, P. V., 1484 - 352 - Index of Subjects Acanthonia tomc-ntesicollis, 961 Acidia horaclci, 1317, 1318 Acirtothrips citri, 976 Acysta persea, 910 Adelphocoris lineolatus, 1333 Aeolothrips fasciatus, 993 Agral I, 1341, 1343, 1345, 1349 Agromyza laterella, 131? " phaseoli, 1320 11 simple::, 1321-1323 Alcohol, 925, 1102, 1252, 1455 1470, 1485, 1507 Alsophilia porno taria, 1493 Altica oleracea, 1409 Ametastegiaequiseti, 1351 Anabasine, 1250, 1542 Anaphothrips signipermis, 977 Anasa tristis, 953-960 Anopheles maculipennis, 1242 Ants, 1006, 13 J 2 -1400 Aphids, 834, 836, 843, 849, 853, 863, 864, 866, 874, 692, 934, 954, 956, 963, 1019, 1051, 1066, 1067, 1076, 1080, 1092, 1095, 1103, 1104, 1111, 1114, 1115, 1113, 1119, 1120, 1247, 1250, 1342, 1353, 1353, 1383, 1404, 1424, 1438, 145:], 1456, 1493 Aphiochacta albidihalteris, 1280 Apion apricans, 1165 Aphis brassicae, 353 gossypii, 84-3, 934, 353, 955, 963 m alifoliae. 849 w pomi, 834, 349, 351, 866 ,r rumicis, 353, 1247 11 sorbi, 866 11 spiraecola, 1109 Apocellus sphaericollis, 1466 Apple sucker, 849, 900 Argas persicus, 1162 Argyresthia conjugella, 1258 Arsenate, calcium, 848, 1345, 1422, 1429, 1439 " lead, 361, 833, 864, 866., 867, 873, 674, 901, 902, 1088, 1095, 1114, 1117, 1371, 1344, 1346, 1354, 1362, 1365, 1367, 1378, 1382, 1401, 1420, 14-22, 14-25, 1423, 1433, 1440, 1451, 14-77, 1482 " ;nesitun, 1063 11 sodium, 1429 Arsenic, 1402, 1405 Arsenical s, 867, 834, 1158, 1188, 1200 1259, 1339, 1356, 1371, 1373, 1381, 1418, 1427, 1467, 1495, 1518 Arsenious oxide, 1403 Arsenite calcium, 1436 11 zinc, 1420 Asarcopus palmarum, 1129 Ashes, 1391, 1451, 1468, 1514, 1522, 1523 Atom aria linearis, 1467 Atractotomus mali, 896 Atta cephalotes, 1392 Aulacophora abdominalis, 1468 11 hilaris, 14-69 A:dagastus campbolli, 967 Bagrada hilaris, 970 Baits, Blow-fly, 1234, 1235, 1237, 1238 3arium fluosilicate, 992, 1426 Bees, 1401-1406 Settles, 104-0, 14-07-1533 3ibio hortulanus, 1324 11 marci, 1325 "Black Leaf 40", 834, 836, 845, 846, 848, 856, 860, 861, 863-868, 873, 887, 391, 896, 913, 931-933, 936, 937, 355, 953, 972, 375, 978, 983, 989, 990, 1006, 1009, 1013, 1029, 1031, 1032, 1034, 1049, 1074, 1095, 1101, 1109, 1140, 1141, 1221, 1232, 1251, 1260, 1265, 1259-1271, 1273, 1319, 1321, 1322, 1329, 1335, 1352- 1354, 1359, 1375, 1376, 1336, 1397, 1420, 1424, 1443, 1452, 1456, 1474, 1501, 1503, 1532 Black Leaf Besinate, 1270, 1271 Black leaf Tobacco extract, 983, 987, 1068, 1100, 1442, 1530 Blissus leucopterus, 931-940 Blood, 1473, 1526 Boophilus bovis, 1153 Bordeaux and nicotine, 839, 971, 985, 1036, 1007, 1009, 1012, 1018, 1022, 1035, 1076, 1117, 1256, 1342, 1382, 1410, 1411, 1413, 1420, 1422, 14-24, 1425, 1428, 1431, 1443, 1491, 1504, 1508 Braula coeca, 1206-1210 Brontispa froggatti, 967 Bryobia, 1086, 1120 " pratensis, 1121 11 praetiosa, 1122 353 i$ncculatrix canadensicella, 13S5 Bogs, 834-975, 1371, 1276 Byturus fumatus, 1458 " tome a to bus , 145 9-1462 " unicolor, 1464 Calcium carbonate, 1307 Calciurn hydrate, 1229 Caliroa cerasi, 1352, 1353, 1361 Calocoris bipunctatus, 878 11 fulvomaculatus, 879 Calophya ziigripoanis, 1319 Capsids, 834-909 Carl* lie acid, 1127, 1366, 1445, 1506 Carbon di sulphide, 1395, 1511 " tetrachloride, 1513 Casein, 994, 1028, 1341 Caseinate, 855, 902, 1018, 1118 Cassida deflorata, 1470 Oecidomyia cleariae, 1251 " pirivora, IT'S 2 Ceratophis lataniae, 1001 haetocnema breviuscula, 1418 " tibialis, 1419 Chalk, 1000, 1316 Charcoal, 1248 Cheimatobia brumata, 900, 901 Chor tophi la brassicae, 1297-1299 Cladius isomerus, 1558 " pectinicornis, 1354, 1355 Clay, 1306 Clysia arabiguella, 1525 Cnemidocoptes gallinea, 1154 Cochliomyia macellaria, 1211 Contarinia pyrivora, 1253-1258 1 viticola, 1259 Copper sulphate, 884, 1005, 1134, 1405, 1411, 1412, 1507, 1508, 1529 Coptodisca splendoriferella, 1271 Corythucha ciliata, 911 1 bellula, 912 1 salicata, 913 Cremastogestes, 1006 Creosote, 1188, 1219 Crioceris asparagi, 1454-1456 " duodecimpunctata, 1455, 1456 rioceris melanopa, 1472 ryptothrips floridensis, 973, 979 tenocephalus canis, 1155 Zvlex pipiens, 1242 Gultcada cantans, 1241 lateralis, 1241 1 vexans, 1241 Cyanide, 880, 882, 938, 939, 950, 9! , 968, 1285, 1289, 1396, 14GB, 1522 Cydi.": pomonella, 866 Demi ly sol, 1361 Dendroctonus micans, 1473 Dermanyssus gallinao, 1158, 1162 Derris, 1206, 1207, 1345, 1477, 1515 Derrisol, 1064 Diabrotica speciosa, 1445 " trivittata, 1446 " vittata, 1447-145-' Diarthronomyic. hypogaea, 1260-1267, 1276 Diarthrothrips coffeae, 980, 981 Dicyphus minimus, 876, 877 Diprion pini, 1356 Disphi actus politus, 880-882 Dolichoderus bidons, 1393 Doralis tavr.resi, 1019 Do rypho r ade c eml i ne o t a , 14- X Drepanothrips route- ri, 932 Dun,-, 1473, 1526 Dysde-rcus, 371, 872 Schi dnophaga gal 1 i aaco a , 1 1 Elasmogaathus ncpalensis, 914 Emphy tus cine ti pe s , 1 3 5 11 cine tus, 1354 Empoasca minuenda, 1110 Emulsion, ammonium caseinate oil, 913 11 benzol, 946, 1071 11 carbolic acid, 270 " distillate oil, 937, 988 » kerosene, 835, 883, 892, 911, 931, 941, 946, 947, 955, 965, 972, 973, 977, 982, 1017, 1054, 1056, 1069, 1080, 1113, 1116, 1126, 1136, 1223, 1224, 1230, 1271, 1319, 1442, 1486, 1501, 1503 " linseed oil, 1114 11 paraffin, 108 5, 1459 " Volck-oil, 1179 " white oil, 1090 Sndelornyia rosae, 1354 Engytatus, geaiculatus, 883 " not a tus, 883 Some nacan thus stramineus, 1152 Epilachaa corrupta, 1474-1476 " niponica, 1477 Epitrix cucumeris, 1420-1422, 1424 » parvula, 1425, 1425 » subcrinita, 1423 Eriocampa a&xaabrata, 1557 Eriocampoides aethiops, 1358 Sriocampoides cerasi, 1359 •I limacina, 1360-1362 Zriophyes malifoliaej 1135 " pyri, 1124> " vitis, 1125 Eriosoma lanigerum, 1095 Erythroneura comes-, 960 Eurytoma or chide arum, 1327 Euthrips citri, 983 11 manihoti, 984 11 occidentalis, ?85 " parvus, 986 11 pyri, 987, 988 " tritici, 989 Fenusa pumila, 1363, 1564 Flea, earth, 1123 Flea hopper, cotton, 893-895 Fleas, 1155, 1152, 1205, 120? Flies, 1170, 1208-1238, 1250-1340 Flour, 834 Foliage injury, 1345, 1570, 1597, 1425, 1433 Frankliniella bispinosa, 990, 991 " cephalica, 998 11 fusca, 992 " occidentalis, 993 Fumigation, 854, 917, 919, 925, 926, 986, 996, 997, 999, 1002, 1037r 1059, 1040, 1042-1044, 1065, 1065 1070, 1085, 1144, 1145, 1151, 1208, 1220, 1259, 1240, 124-2-1245, 1249- 1265, 1274, 1275, 1279-1281, 1283, 1284, 1289, 1326, 1327, 1331, 1392, 1396, 1406, 1450, 1499, 1500, 1509 Galeatus involutus, 915 Galeruncella cavicollis, 1473, 1479 11 ■ lineola, 1480 » luteola, 1481, 1482 " viburni, 1484 Gargophis solani, 916 Gastrophilus inte stinalis, 1212 Glue, 874 Goniocotes gallinae, 1162 Gracilaria azalcclla, 1002 Gyrnnonychus californicus, 1365 Haematobia serraL,a, 1213 Haemotopinus asini, 1178 " eurysternus, 1180 " vituli, 1180 Kalotydaeus destructor, 948 Haltica ampelo; haga, 1428-1430 " oleracea, 1431 Pleliothrips fesciatus, 994 " femoralis, 995, 999 " haemorrhoidalis, 995-1002, 1110 " indicus, 1003 11 obsoleta, 1004 " rabrocinctus, 1005-1012 Hellebore, 1355, 1554, 1359 Hemeleia, 1018 Heterocordylus malinus, 850-863 Hoplocempa brevis, 1566 11 cookei, 1567-1369 » flava, 1370-1373 " fulvicornis, 1571 " halcyon, 1572 " minuta, 1575 " testudinea, 1541-1550 Hydrogen ion, 925 Hylemyia brassicae, 1500 11 cillicrura, 1501 Hypera arator, 14'; 5 Hypo co tine-paste, 1256 Hypo de ma , 121 4-1 217 11 bovis, 1218 " lineatum, 1218 Illinoi pi si, 1455 Infusorial earth, 1426 Insecto, 1415 Irichodectes parumpilosus, 1178 11 pilosus, 1178 Iridomyrumex humilis, 1594 I so soma or chide arum, 1526, 1527 1551 Ixodes bovis, 1155 Jalysus spinosus, 971 Kaliosysphinga dohrni, 1575 li ulmi, 1576 Kerosene, 1161, 1192, 1196, 1407, 1468 1514, 1522 Lachno sterna, 1486 Lead acetate, 1402 " chroma te, 1420 « nitrate, 1402 Leaf hoppers, 888, 960, 1110 Lema cyanella, 1488, 1489 » flavipes, 1491 11 melanopa, 1439, 1490, 1525 » tristis, 1491 Lepidosophes ulmi, 957, 1272 Leptinotarsa decemlineata, 1492, 1495 Leptobyrsa rhododendri, 1271 Leptoglossus gonagra, 962, 963 iethalate, 1349 lethal closes, 1402 Lethol, 1218, 1228 Lice, 1150-1169, 1178, 1180, 1181, 1166 1183-1194, 1203, 1204, 1207, 1226 Lime, 851, 858, 861, 893/940, 990 994, 1005, 1031, 1088, 1151, 1216 - 1218, 1225, 1227, 1229, 1242, 1263, 1283, 1285, 1345, 1355, 1362, 1412 1422, 1430, L434, 144! 148! 1451, 1468, 1506, 1526, 1469, 1473, 1531 Line sulphur, 834, 848, 861, 855-867, 863, 873, 874, 889, 902, 911, 976, 978, 979, 983, 989, 930, 998, 1003, 1004, 1010, 1013, 1018, 1019, 1020, 1029, 103: 1089, 1092, 1094, 1110 1040, 1046, 1087, 1107, 1113 1130, 1172, 1345, 1369, 1114, 1117, 111;, H24, 1177, 1187, 1253, 1256, 1374, 1401, 1405 LirrmoDia ultima, 1258 "Lion Brand" 1168 Liothrips montanus, 1013 11 oleac, 1014-1016 Lipeurus caponis, 1152 " heterographus, 1156, 1152 Liponyssus bursa, 1157, 1158 " sylviarum, 1159-1163 Listrodares obliquus, 1495 iopidea davisi, 385 Luperodes praeustus, 1495 Lupinine 1250 Lygidea mendax, 851, 860-870 Lygus campestris, 354-857 communis, 847-881, 862, 1276 invitus, 845, 846 kalini, 858 omnivagus, 859 pabulinus, 332-855, 901, 904, 905, 1040 paulinus, 838 pratensis, 834-844, 1040 quescalbae, 859 jyperosia irritans, 1219, 1223 jysol, 1292, 1454 tfacrodactylus subspinosus, 1497 .lacrosiphum ribelum, 1109 " sanborni, 1109 " solanifolii, 864, 892 1453 ■lange, 1171, 1178, 1195, 1197-1202 fealybugs, 871, 1006 555 - Meligeth s, 1460 . , ] 164-1168 .' ' ia vicin.' , 368 He topon _ • llinae, 1162 :ury bichloride (corrosive subl ' 1298, 12:'., 1306, 1308, 1310, 1312, 1593 Metallus rubi, 1377 Miners, 1259, 1353-1273, 1319-1325, 1328- .1.833 Mites, 1028, 1086r-1149, 1152, 1157, 1183 Molasses, 1370, 1273 Monalcmion atratum, 886 Monarthropalpus buxi, 1263-1273 Mordellistena beyrodti, 1499 " cattleyana, 1500 Mosquitoes, 1239-1250 Moth, codling, 865, 874 " vine, 1259 " winter, 900 Murgantia histrionica, 965 Musca dornestica, 1220 Muth's solution, 1125 Myzus persicae, 864, 1455 " . rubis, 1106 Naphthalene, 1457, 1498, 1511 Neocerata rhodophaga, 1274-1276 ITeodiprion leconl^i, 1378 Neurocolpus nubilis, 891 IT euro toma nemoral i s , 1379-1383 "Hi co dust" 1034 ITi co fime , 1326 , 1450 ITicotiana, 1512 Nicotine aborts embryo, 1383 Nicotine carriers, 1217 Hi co t i ne , be n zoy 1 , 14 03 Nicotine dust, 841, 844, 851, 859, 895, 902, 905, 943, 957, 859, 982, 9 , 891, 1022, 1036, 1052, 1056,1114, 1149, 1155, 1180, 1217, 1812, 1354, 1339, 1344, 1383, 1440, 1455, 146- , 1375 ITicotine, evolution of, 1119, 1229 Nicotine ions and molecules, 1245 ITicotine, iron, 1403 ITicotine, its free base vs. its salts, 1246 Nicotine oleate, 937, 1137, 1408, 1522, 1533 ITicotine papers, 1263, 1274 ITicotine, Pratt's, 1352 ITicotine, pure, 945, 1228, 1383, 1491 ITicotine resinate, 1301 - 356 Nicotine sulphate, 847, 850, 851, 862, 874, 875, 879, 383, 885, 902, 911, 930, 934, 935, 940, 941-944, 947-149, 952, 956, 958, 955, 977, 932, 991, 992, 995, 999, 1003, 1011, 1024, 1031, 1040, 1047, 1048, 1050, 1051, 1057, 1059, 1063, 1054, 1060, 1083, 1084, 1087, 1089, 1090, 1092, 1103, 1114, 1116, 1118, 1125, 1135, 1137, 1143, 1158-1163, 1170, 1174, 1215, 1217, 1257, 1258, 1233, 1255, 1258, 1251, 1268, 1276, 1253, 1257, 1208, 1290, 1293, 1294, 1296, 1316, 1317, 1325, 1359, 1355, 1354, 1569, 1577, 1378, 1383, 1535, 1392- ', 1401, 1417, 1433, 1456, .1462, 1472, 1476, 1477, 1482, 1487, 14-93, 1496, 1502, 1515, 1509, 1515, 1317, 1520, 1524, 1525, 1523, 1530 Hi co tine sulpha te , ( 4 ' ■' : ) , 540 , 843 , 355 , 863, 867, 885, 810, 915, 925, 951, 953, 960, 976, 973, 798, 1004, 1005, 1010, 1018, 1052, 105.3, 1077, 1099, 1104, 1111, 1138, 1139, 1157, 1175, 1179, 1181, 1211, 1228, 1234, 1259, 1262-1254, 1301, 1575, 1523, 1530, 1337, 1353, 1360, 1363, 1555, 1336, 1413, 1421, 1453, 1455, 1478, 1479, 1486 Hi co tine sulphur dip, 1173 Hi co tine sulphur dust, 1129 Nicotine tartrate, 884, llicotine, tin, 1403 lllcotine, titrated, 1164, 1198, 1199, 1360, 1381, 1411, 1428, 1505, 1507, 1508 "Nlkoteen" 14.' Notophallus bicolor, 1126, 1127 Nysius ericae, 341- " minutue, " senecioni . " vinitor, Oil and nicotine com! . 993, . 1032, 1054, 107 5, 1092., 1098, 1100, 1105, 1119, 1 i , 1272, 1545, 1367, 1368, 1359, 1372, 13 ! , Oil distillates, pine, 1404 Oil, mineral, Oil, miscible, 382, 1103 Oil, pine, 121 : Oil, tar, Oil, tobacco, 1301 Oil, vegetable, Oligonychus ulmi, 1091 Oncoscelis sulciventris, 972 Orchestes canus, 1501 " rufipes, 1502 Orthaea vincta, 949 Orthotylus marginaiis, 896 Otiorrhynchus ovatus, 1503 11 sulcatus, 1504 Ovicides, 939, 940, 962, 978, 999, 1009, 1026, 1086, 1069, 1090, 1105, 1119, 1121, 1162, 1259, 1266, 1328, 1350, 1354, 1383, 1492, 1496 Oxypleurite.s carinatus, 1151, Paracalocoris hawleyi, 875 Paradichloro benzene, 1284, 1513 Paraffin, 1459, 1509 Paralyse s , 1428 , Paratetranychus hetcronychus, 1129 11 pilosus, 1037-1092, 1122 11 ununguis, 1093, 1130 Paris green, 1028, 1248, 1249, 1355, 1472, 1436, 1460 Partrenothrips dracaenae, 999 Pa s i j >hae ihe ri ngi , 1406 Pediciilus hurnanus, 1151 " ovis, 1169 Pegomyia cepetorur/i, 1302 11 fusiceps, 1303 11 hyoscyami, 1236-1296 Penetrol, 1385 Penthaleus destructor, 1132 Petroleum, 1213, 1233, 1361 Phaedon cochlear! ae, 1505 Phaenacantha saccharicida, 949 Phenicated tobacco extract, 31E, , 1190, 1433 Phlaeotribus liminaris, 1506 Phorbia brassicae, 1304-1311 11 . ceparuv;, 1312 Fhori don hiimuli, 1342 Pnra ssima, 1507, 1508 : Lue of nicotine solutions, 1346 Pnyllocoptes schlectendali, 1135 11 vitis, 1134 Fhyllodecto vitellinae, 1509 " v il ;atissima, 1510 Phyllotomo noraorata, 1384, 1585 Phyllotrets ciae, 1437 » , 1434, 1437 " cruel ferae, 1434 '■ rum, 1433, 1434,1436,145 - 557 - hyllotreta nigripes, 1434 ■ pusilla, 1435 " undulato, 1434, 1435, 1437 » vittata, 1437, 1443 Phylloxera carysecaulis, 836 Physiological salt solution, 1228 Physothrips pyri, 1017 " xanthoceruSj 1018 hytomyza chrysanthemi, 1330-1332, 1460 " geniculata, 1333 Phytoptus vitis, 1135 iezodorus incarnatus, 969 Plants with highest nicotine content least eaten, 1510 Plaster of Parir,, 1182 latyparea poeciloptera, 1324 lesiocoris fugicollis, 396 " , rugicollis, 897-907 oecilocapsus lineatus, 892 ollemia rudis, 1335 Poly chro si s to tr s na , 3 5 25 Popillia japonica, 1511 Potassium oleate, 940 ITProfenusa collar! s, 1386 Psallus amibiguus, 896 11 seriatus, 894, 395 Pseudococcus citri, 1005 Pseudolynchia maura, 1170 Psila rosae , 1313 Psoroptes communis, 1171, 1172 " ovis, 1173, 1174 Psychoda alternata, 1221 Psylla buxi,, 1273 11 rnali, 849, 900 11 pyri cola, 865 Psyllids, 1319 Psylliodes affinis, 1040, 1512 " attenuata, 1433-1440 11 chrysocephala, 1434, 1441 " napi, 1434 " punc.tula.ta, 1442, 1443 Pteronus rihesii, 1387-1389, 1433 Ptilineurus marmoratus, 1513 Pyrethrum, 926, 966, 963, 977, 1000, 1040, 1043, 1083, 1157, 1231, 1254, 1285, 1326, 1381, 1404, 1429, 1477, 1487, 1495 Pyridine, 1144 Pyrox, 1413 Quassia, 857, 1094, 1122, 1130, 1147, 1379, 1380, 1412 ■ Quinine, 1249 ll Quinoleine, l: Red spiders, 998, 1086-1119 Repellents, 952, 569, 991, 1060, 1144, 1146, 1152, 1211, 1212, 1224, 1231, 1233, 1241, 1301, 1303, 1318, 1374, 1592, 1397, 1400, 1401, 1405, 1407, 1432, 1435, 1413, 1452, 1463, 1475, 1504, 1507, 1514, 1527 Resin, 975, 1120, 1395 Retithrips aegyetiacus, 1018 Rhagoletis cerasi, 1336 11 cingulata, 1339 " completa, 1337, 1335 » fausta, 1339 " pomonelia, 1340 Rhaphidopalpa aMominalis, 1514 Rhinoncus pericarpius, 1515 Rhipicephalus appendiceal a tus, 1175 Rhizoglyphus echinopus, 1135 11 hyacinthis, 1137-1139, 1028 Rhopelosiphum dianthi, 1366 Phynchites betulae, 1516 Road dust, 1463, 1514 Rotenor.e, 1247, 1250 Sahlhergella, 903, 909 Salix fragilis, 1494 Salt, 1506 Saperda Candida, 1517 Sarcoptes scaoei, 1176-1178 Sawflies, 1341-1391 Scab, 1173, 1174, 1176-1179, 1134, 1187 Scalecide, 1037 Scale insects, 937 Scal-o, 1006 Scepticus insularis, 1518 Selenothrips ruorocinctus, 1022 Sciara agraria, 1279, 1280 » fenestralis, 1261 « multiseta, 1275, 1280 Scirtothrips aurantii, 1019 " citri, 1020, 1021 " dorsalis, 880, 881 Simulium columbaezense, 1222 Sitona lineata, 1519 Snuff, 991, 1192, 1514 Soap, 836, 833, 840, 845, 851-853, 855.-358, 360, 865, 875, 878-883, 885, 887, 889, 891, 892, 897-903, 905 -907, 910, 915, 916, 918, 922, 523, 925, 926, 928, 929, 931-937, 939, 942-944, 948.-952, 960, 965- J 358 - Soar>, (continued) 965, 967, 969, 970, 974, 978-981, 990, 994, 997, 998, 1000, 1002,. 1003, 1006, 1006, 1009, 1010, 1013, 1014, 1017, 1018, 1023, 1026, 1029, 1031-1033, 1035, 1038, 1040, 1042, 1045, 1047, 1048, 1049, 1051-1053, 1055, 1057, 1058, 1061, 1066, 1068, 1070.-1072, 1075, 1077, 1081, 1082.- 1084, 1097, 1102-1111, 1114, -1118, 1123, 1125, 1150, 1134, 1135, 1140, 1141, 1157, 1169, 1170, 1189, 1192, 1201, 1213, 1219, 1223, 1252, 1254, 1256, 1262, 1265-1258, 1270, 1272, 1276, 1277, 1263, 1290, 1292, 1295', 1319, 1321-1324, 1330, 1341, 1342- 1344, 1345, 1348, 1350, 1358-1360, 1363, 1365, 1365, 1370, 1374 - 1375, 1379-1381, 1383, 1384, 1385, 1388, 1400, 1404, 1407, 1421, 1435, 1444, 1455, 1459, 1461-1463, 1465, 1468, 1470, 1^74, 14-5, 1478, 1480, 1482, 1485, 14.. 1, 1493, 1426, 1502, 1503, 1505, 1507, 1509, 1515, 1525, 1528, 1529, 1853 Soda, 969, 975, 1086, 1198, 1199, 1395 Sodium carbonate, 915, 1101, 1102, 1228, 1455, 1470, 1507, 1508 Sodium fluoride, 1162, 1402, 1467 11 silicate, 1363 " sulphide, 848 Solenopsis geminata, 1395, 1396 " mole^ta, 1397 Soot, 1051, 1064, 1286, 1434, 1481 Sphaero derma rubidum, 1520 Spreaders, 1004, 1019, 1116, 1124 Springtails, 1264 Stephanitis pyri, 919-923 " pyrioides, 1444 " rhododendri, 925-929 Stibaropus tabulatus, 973 Stomoxys calcitrant, 1223 Strychnine tartrate, 884 Sugar, 1028, 1336, 1337 Sulphur, 858, 887, 874, 893, 894, 982, 991, 1000, 1060, 1088, 1091, 1114, 1154, 1157, 1165, 1169, 1173, 1176, 1183-1187, 1189, 1201-, 1245, 1277, 1208, 1533, 1339, 1362, 1398, 1481, 1493, 1498, 1504 Sulphur, atomic, 982, 1116 Stylothrips bondari, 1023 Tabanus striatus, 1224 Taeniothrips gladioli, 1024-1028, " inconsequens, 1029-1036 " pyri i 661 Tar-distill ate washes, 888, 1091 Tarsonemus pallidus, 1140-1144 Telephorus, 1521 Tenthecoris bicolor, 1107 Tenthredo adumfcrata, 1390 Tetruchlo re thane, 1218, 1228 Tetranychus althaeae, 1122 " bimaculatus, 1098-1100 " telarius, 1103-1111 » yotheri, 998,1010,1110,1102 "Thane ton" 1472 Thrips, 861,860,881,949,976-1085,1111,1476 Thrips angusticeps, .1038 " flava, 1039-1041 " haemorrhoidalis, 1041-1043 " oleae, 1044 " tabaci, 949,1033,1041,1045-1063, 1109 Ticks, 1153,1164-1168,1178,1185,1186,1196 Tingids, 910-930 Tingis pyri, 917-923 " rhododendri, 924-929 Tipula oleracea, 1277 Tobacco as stomach poison, 1338, 1428 Tobacco dust, 854, 867, 874, 880, 882, 893, 894, 922, 938, 940, 991, 1002, 1021, 1039, 1040, 1060-1061, 1063, 1064, 1090, 1112, 1115, 1127, 1143, 1146, 1151, 1155, 1156, 1170, 1205-1207, 1216-1218, 1225-1227, 1228, 1231, 1243, 1245, 1249, 1263, 1274-1276, 1278, 1282, 1298-1300, 1302, 1303 1305-1307, 1509-1311, 1313, 1315, 1318, 1338, 1357, 1367, 1391, 1398, 1403, 1418, 1420, 1426, 1430, 1434- 1437, 1443, 1447, 1449, 1452, 1453, 1466, 1468, 1469, 1484, 1498, 1514, 1518, 1519, 1522, 1523, 1531 Tobacco smoke, 1208-1210, 1406 Tobacco stems plowed under, 1447 Tobacco tea, 1395 Tomostethus juncivorus, 1391 Trichodeetes scale ris, 1154, 1180 Triosa alacris, 1444 » merwei, 981 Triphleps majuscula, 838 Typhi ocyba rosae, 1444 Typophorus- canellus, 1522, 1523 Tyroglyphus dimidiatus, 1145 11 lintneri, 1145 Urania green, 1388, 1431 Vaselina, 1185, 1201 • Xylastodoris luteolus, 951, 952 Xylopertha declivis, 1524 Zabrus tenebrioides, 1525 Zinc sulphate, 1422